Skip to main content

Full text of "Learner's Russian-English dictionary"

See other formats 


UNIVERSITY 
OF  FLORIDA 
LIBRARIES 


HUMANITIES  ROOM 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

LYRASIS  IVIembers  and  Sloan  Foundation 


http://www.archive.org/details/learnersrussianeOOunse 


The  Learner's 

RUSSIAN-ENGLISH 

DICTIONARY 


by 

B .  A.  Lapidus  and  S.  V.  Shevtsova 


with  Foreword 

and  article  on  orthography  by 

Morris  Halle 


THE  M.I.T.  PRESS 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts 


Copyright  ©  1963 

by 

The  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology 

All  Rights  Reserved 


Library  of  Congress  Catalogue  Card  Number:  63-21744 
Printed  in  The  United  States  of  America 


CONTENTS 


The  Russian  Alphabet  iv 

Foreword,  by  Morris  Halle  v 

Dictionaries  Used  in  Compiling  this  Book  vii 

How  to  Use  the  Dictionary  viii 

List  of  Signs  xx 

Abbreviations  Used  in  the  Dictionary  xxi 

Vocabulary  1 

Grammar  Tables  and  Lists  of  Suffixes  549 

Grammar  Tables  551 

List  of  Suffixes : 

A.  Inflectional  Endings  601 

B.  Word-Forming  Suffixes  613 
A  Guide  to  Russian  Pronunciation,  by  V.  A.  Vassilyev  629 
Essay  on  the  Relationship  between  Russian  Sounds  and 

Letters,  by  Morris  Halle  681 


The  Russian  Alphabet 


Principal 

Letters 

Names 

Sound  Values 

12      3      4       5     6       7 

8     9 

Aa 

[a] 

[a,    A,      9,       —    i^    —      I 

-  i'] 

B6 

[be 

[b.    b^    p,    p^] 

Bb 

[ve] 

[V,  v^  f,   p] 

rr 

[ge 

[g.  g^   k,    k^] 

JXa 

[de] 

[d,  d^  t,    t''] 

Ee 

[ye 

[e,    ve,    9,      ya,    i^.yi®,     i, 

yi,  n 

)K>K 

[zhel 

[zh,zh^:,sh,    — ] 

33 

ze] 

[z,    z^,    s,       s^] 

Hh 

li] 

[i,     i] 

^H 

([i-kratkaya]) 

[y] 

Kk 

[ka] 

[k,    k^   g,      g^] 

Jlji 

[el] 

[I     1^1 

Mm 

[eml 

[m,   m''] 

Hh 

[en] 

[n,    n^] 

Oo 

[0]- 

[o,    A,      a] 

On 

[pe] 

[p.    P^    b.    b^l 

Pp 

[er] 

[r,     r^] 

Cc 

[es] 

[s,     s\     z,     z^] 

Tt 

[te 

t.      t^    d.     d^] 

yy 

lu] 

u] 

04) 

[ef] 

f,      f^    V.     v^l 

Xx 

[kha] 

[kh,  kh^  gh,    —  1 

Uu 

[tje] 

[\s,     -  ,  d7.    -] 

qq 

[ch-e] 

[ch^ch^  j^  j^] 

lllm 

[sha] 

[sh,  — ,     zh,   --  1 

rUm 

[sh^:a] 

[sh^:,sh^:,  zh^:,zh^:l 

-b 

([t^v^ordty 
znak]) 

—(disjunctive) 

bibi 

[^1 

[i] 

b 

([m^akhkMy 
znak]) 

l^] 

33 

[e] 

[e] 

KDk) 

[yu] 

[u,   yu] 

Hh 

lyai 

[a,    ya,   a,    ya,      i^    yi®,  i 

.  yil 

FOREWORD 


There  has  long  been  a  need  for  a  dictionary  designed  especially 
for  the  English-speaking  student  who  seeks  to  gain  active 
mastery  of  Russian.  Such  a  student  needs  much  more  than  the 
one  or  two  synonyms,  sporadically  supplemented  by  idiomatic 
expressions,  that  are  found  in  most  foreign  language  dictionaries. 
He  needs  detailed  indications  about  how  each  Russian  word  is 
inflected  and  about  its  accentuation  in  the  various  inflected  forms. 
He  also  needs  to  be  told  as  much  as  possible  about  the  usage  of 
the  different  words,  for  words  in  one  language  are  only  too  often 
used  quite  differently  than  their  nearest  synonynis  in  a  second 
language.  Information  of  this  type  has  hitherto  been  available 
only  in  multivolume  dictionaries,  which  are  expensive,  hard  to 
handle,  and,  moreover,  not  being  compiled  with  an  English- 
speaking  user  in  mind,  frequently  fail  to  discuss  difficulties  that 
would  be  encountered  by  such  a  user. 

This  dictionary  was  planned  especially  to  meet  the  needs  out- 
lined, and  the  compilers  have  successfully  achieved  their  objec- 
tive. Their  selection  of  entries  for  inclusion  in  the  dictionary  is 
consistently  sound.  They  have  managed  to  cover  quite  fully 
the  everyday  vocabulary  of  the  educated  speaker  of  current 
standard  Russian.  Their  choice  of  examples  to  illustrate  the 
use  of  different  words  is  excellent.  They  have  paid  special 
attention  to  phrase  units,  idioms,  and  compound  words  whose 
meaning,  though  self-evident  to  the  native  speaker  of  Russian, 
presents  difficulties  to  the  English-speaking  student.  Finally, 
they  have  provided  extensive  information  about  the  inflection 
of  the  words  and  about  their  accentual  peculiarities.  The  value 
of  the  dictionary  is  further  enhanced  by  the  supplement,  which 
contains  elaborate  grammatical  tables,  lists  of  inflectional  and 
derivational  suffixes,  a  detailed  "Guide  to  Russian  Pronuncia- 
tion," and  an  essay  on  the  relationship  between  Russian  sounds 


VI 


and  letters.  In  short,  the  English-speaking  student  of  Russian 
has  here  a  most  useful  and  badly  needed  tool.  May  I  express 
the  hope  that  it  will  lessen  the  drudgery  and  increase  the  pleasure 
of  those  who  have  set  out  on  the  by  no  means  smooth  road  of 
mastering  the  tongue  of  Pushkin,  Tolstoi,  and  Dostoevski. 

Morris  Halle 

Cambridge  1963 


Dictionaries  Used  in  Compiling  This  Book 

Cjioeapb  pyccKoro  HSbiio  b  qexbipex  TOMax.  AKaAeMHJi 
HayKCCCP,  HHCTHTyT  pyccKoro  HSbiKa.  MocKBa.  1957  —  1961. 

C.  H.  OxceroB.  CJiosapb  pyccKoro  nabiKa,  hsa.  4-e. 
MocKBa.    1960. 

PyccKoe  jiHTepaTypHoe  npoHSHomeHne  h  yAapenne.  Gjio- 
Bapb-cnpaBoqHHK  no;;  peziaKHHefi  P.  H.  ABaHecosa  h 
C.  H,  OjKeroBa.    MocKBa.   1959. 

PyccKO-aHrjiHHCKHH  cjioBapb  no;;  oSiuhm  pyicoBOACTBOM 
npoc|).  A.  H.    CMHpHHUKoro,    U3ji.  3-e.  MocKBa.    1958. 

The  Concise  Oxford  Dictionary  of  Current  English, 
Fourth    Ed,    Revised    by  E.    Mcintosh,    Oxford,    1954. 

Webster's  New  V/orld  Dictionary  of  the  American 
Language.  Cleveland  and  New  York,   1957. 

The  Advanced  Learner's  Dictionary  of  Current  English 
by  A.  S.  Hornby,  E.  V.  G  a  t  e  n  b  y,  H.  Wakefield, 
London,   1958.? 

Thorndike-Barnhart  Comprehensive  Desk  Dic- 
tionary, London,  1952. 

Chambers's  Compact  English  Dictionary,  Edited  by 
A.  M.  Macdonald,    London  and  Edinburgh,  1954. 

A.  R  eu  m.  A  Dictionary  of  English  Style.  Zweite  Auf- 
lage.  Leverkusen,  1955. 

Kenkyusha's  New  Simplified  English  Dictionary 
(English  Through  English),  Tokyo. 

P.  M.  Roget.  Thesaurus  of  English  Words  and  Phrases, 
London,  1954. 

The  Nuttall  Dictionary  of  English  Synonyms  and  Anto- 
nyms, Edited  by  G.  E.  Christ,  London  and  New 
York,  1960. 


HOW  TO  USE  THE  DICTIONARY 

GENERAL  REMARKS 

All  the  Russian  words  in  this  dictionary  are  entered  in 
strictly  alphabetical  order.  Each  head-word  is  given  in 
full  with  the  stress  mark  '  placed  over  the  stressed  vowel. 
It  is  followed  by  the  transcription.  (For  details  on  tran- 
scription see  A  Guide  to  Russian  Pronunciation,  p.  629). 
The  grammatical    notes  are  given    after    the  transcription. 

The  ptft-of -speech  designations  •are  adv,  int,  cj,  etc. 
Nouns  are  designated  by  m,  f,  n,  or  pi  (pi  is  reserved  for 
cases  when  the  noun  has  no  singular),  and  verbs,  by 
imperf  or  perf.  Following  the  part-of-speech  designations 
are  the  requisite  grammatical  word  forms.  (For  details  of 
grammatical  word  forms  see  chapters  on  the  noun,  adjec- 
tive, numeral,  pronoun,  and  verb,  pp.  XIII— XIX). 

Stress.  All  polysyllabic  head-words  and  derivatives 
standing  separately  or  occurring  in  phrases  and  sentences 
bear  the  stress  mark  '  over  the  stressed  vowel.  An  excep- 
tion is  made  for  the  sound  represented  by  the  letter 
*'e",  which  is  only  used  in  stressed  syllables  and  therefore 
bears  no  stress. 

Monosyllabic  words  are  accented  only  in  contextual  use 
when  the  stress  is  shifted  from  the  sense  word  to  the  form- 
word. 

Mopje    [mor^a]   n    -h,    pi    -»,    -eft    sea;    Ha    Mope    at 
sea;... 

Homonyms  (words  that  have  the  same  pronunciation 
and  spelling,  but  different  meanings)  are  listed  as  sepa- 
rate entries.  Each  entry  is  followed  by  a  standard  Roman 
numeral  to  remind  the  consultant  to  look  up  the  other 
entry  (or  entries)  with  the  same  spelling,  should  he  fail 
to  find  the  information  he  is  seeking  under  the  first  one. 
noji  I  [pol]  m  -a  (-y),  pi  -u,  -6b  floor  {of  a  room). 
noji  II  [pol]  m  -a,  pi  -u,  -6b  biol  sex;... 

Homoforms   (words    that   have   the  same   pronuncia- 


--  IX  ~ 

tion  in  one   or    more   grammatical    forms)    are   treated   in 
the  same  way  as  homonyms. 

AHCM  I  [d^n^om]  adv  by  day,... 

HHCM  II  [d^n^om]  see  AeHb. 

Labels.  Usage  and  subject  labels  will  follow  the 
grammatical  notes  of  the  word  if  they  refer  to  the  word 
as  a  whole. 

6a61a  [baba]  /  -bi,   ~  col  1.  woman;  2.... 

Should  any  of   these   restrictive    labels  refer  to  but   one 
of  the  meanings,  they  will    be  placed    after    the  bold-type 
Arabic  numeral  introducing  the  particular  meaning. 

rHnc  [g^ips,  -bz]  m  -a  1.  min  gypsum;  2.  plaster 
(of  Paris);  3.  med  plaster  cast. 

If  this  meaning  can  be  rendered  in  several  ways  in 
English  and  the  English  equivalents  are  separated  by  sem- 
icolons, the  label  following  the  bold-type  Arabic  nu- 
meral will  refer  to  the  whole  set  of  equivalents. 

KOMaHflHp  [k9mAn^d^ir]  m  -a,  -ob  1.  commander; 
2.  mil  commander,  commanding  officer;  captain;  leader. 

Notes  on  Type  and  Arrangement.  The  head- 
word is  given  in  boldface  type.  The  vertical  line  |  in  it 
separates  the  unchanging  part  of  the  head-word  in  the  entry; 
what  is  left  in  most  cases  does  not  coincide  with  the  suf- 
fix or  the  ending   in  the  strict  sense  of  the  word. 

Mcxejilb  [m^i^t^eP]  /  -h    -eft  snow-storm. 
[Read:  Mexejib...  MeiejiH,  MCTeJiefl...] 

The  absence  of  the  vertical  line  will  indicate  that  in 
the  entry  the  head -word  does  not  change. 

To  save  space  a  swung  dash  ^  is  used  for  the  unchang- 
ing part  of  the  head -word  or  for  the  whole  head -word  if 
the  latter  has  no  vertical  line. 

MarasiiH  [magAz^in]  m  -a,  -cb  1.  shop,  store;  ynn- 
BepcajibHbiH  ~  department  shop  /  store; .. . 

sanafl  [zapat,  -d]  m  -a  west;  na  ~e  in  the  west;... 

In  entries  having  more  than  one  word  in  boldface 
type  a  swung  dash  refers  only  to  the  first  of  these. 

roBOp|HTb  [g9vAr^it^]  imperf  -i6,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  no|roBopHTb  [pagavAr'^it^]  perf,  CKasjarb  [skAzat^] 
pert  ckaHcy,    cKajKeujb,  p  -aji,  imp  CKajKji  1.  \no  perf) 


X  - 


speak,  talk  {say  words);   ^htb  no-pyccKH  speak  Russian; 

~i'iT  MocKBa  this  is  Moscow  calling;... 

[Read:  roBopHTb  no-pyccKH...;  roBopHT  MocKsa...] 

Hafl  [nat...l,  Haflo  [nada...]  prep  with  instr...  over; 
above; -~  ropoAOM  over  the  town;...  Ha^o  mhoh  above 
me; . . . 

The  meanings  of  each  head-word  .are  indicated  by  bold- 
type  Arabic  numerals  with  a  full  stop. 

Each  part-of-speech  designation  within  one  entry  is  intro- 
duced in  a  new  paragraph  by  a  bold-type  Roman  numeral. 

HHane    [inach^i]  &  HHawe  [inach^i]    I  adv  differently, 
in  another  way; 
II  cj  or  (else),  otherwise;... 

KcxaxH  [kstat^'i]  I  adv\.  to  the  point,  opportunely;... 
2.  at  the  same  time,  while  one  is  about  it; 
n  parenth  by  the  way,  by  the  by. 

If  a  phrase  or  combination  has  more  than  one  meaning, 
these  meanings  are  introduced  by  standard  Arabic  numer- 
als with  a  bracket. 

pocT  [rost,  -zd]  m  -a  (-y)  1.  growth... 
<^  BO  Becb  ^  1)    upright    [of   standing);   2)    full-length 
(portrait);    3)    fig   in    all  its  magnitude    {of  a  problem 
facing  smb,  etc). 

Idiomatic  phrases,  proverbs,  etc,  are  given  in  bold- 
face type  after  the  m.ain  entry  which  is  closed  by  a 
"rhombus"  <>.  Examples  illustrating  idiomatic  phrases  are 
given,    wherever  practicable,  in  standard  type. 

jiaep  [lavr]  m  -a,  -oBbot  laurel,  bay(-tree); 
-0*    nojKHHaTb  —M    reap'  laurels;    noHHTb  Ha  '-ax  rest 
on  one's  laurels. 

jiHUib    [l^'ish,    -zh]    I    part...; 
«0>  ~    6bi  if   only;    --  6u  yexaib    ceroAHH    if    only    I 
could  leave  today. 

To  save  space,  square  brackets  (  ]  are  used,  which  make 
it  possible  to  introduce  into  a  given  expression  a  new  non- 
synonymous  element  without  repeating  the  whole  expression: 

6hc  [b^is,  -z]...  HcnojiHHTb    [nexb,    Hrpaib    u  m.  n.] 
Ha  —  perform  [sing,  play,  etc]  an  encore. 
[Read:  HcnojiHHTb  na    6hc   perform  an  encore;  neib  Ha 
6hc  sing  an  encore;  Hrpaxb  aa  6hc  play  an  encorej 


-  XI  - 

In  instances  when  square  brackets  appear  only  in 
the  English  equivalent,  it  means  that  the  Russian 
phrase  has  several  meanings  which  can  be  rendered  in 
English  by  substituting  one  of  the  words  in  the  particular 
phrase. 

ecjiH  [yes^'l^'i]  cj  if...  ~  noexaxb  k  HeMy  cePmac,  to 
MOH^Ho  sacraTb  ero  if  you  [we,  I]  go  to  his  place  now 
you  [we,  I]  will  find  him  at  home. 

Square  brackets  are  also  used  to  point  out  the  grammat- 
ical origin  of  a  word. 

3aKJiK)HeHH I biH  [zakl^uch^onuiyl  m  [pa]  -oro,  -bix  pris- 
oner, convict. 
The  noun    "saKJiioqeHHbift"  is    a  substantivized     participle. 
Parentheses    indicate    optional    elements  of    a    word   or 
word-combination  given  in  Roman  type. 

x(aBopoH|oK  [zhavaranak,    -g]  m  -Ka,    -kob  (sky)lark. 
jiexa  [l^'i^ia]  pi  Jiex,  -m  1.:  ...  eiviy  UHTb  jiex  he  is  five 
(years  old);... 

Italics  in  parentheses  following  an  English  word  serve 
to  specify  or  restrict  its  meaning.  (For  methods  of  restrict- 
ing meaning  see  p.  XII). 

The  italicized  explanation  refers  to  the  word  or  words 
immediately  after  the  nearest  preceding  semicolon. 

All  form  and  stress  variations  are   given  in  parentheses. 

jiec    [l^es,    -z]   m    -a    (-y),    pi  -a,  -6b    1.  woodland, 
wood(s),  forest;... 
jiHnH|yTb    [l^ipnut^I  imperf  -ex,  p  j\wn  (-yji)    stick... 
HCKpeHH|HH  [iskr^m^n^'iy]  a  shf  HCKpeneH,  -a   -e(-o), 
-H  (-bi)  sincere,  frank;... 
Words   used    preferably   or  exclusively  in  set  phrases  or 
combinations  are  punctuated  by  a  colon  which  is  followed 
by  the  set  phrase  now  in  current  usage.  The  English  equiv- 
alent is  given  after  the  set  phrase. 

rpe4HeB|biH  [gr^ech^n^ivtyl  a:  —an  Kpyna  buckwheat; 
'-aH  Kama  buckwheat  porridge. 

rpoM  [grom]  m  -a,  pi  -bi,  -6b  1.  thunder;  2.:  —  an- 
jio;;HCMeHXOB  a  storm  of  applause;... 

Restrictions    of    Meaning.     Methods: 
1)  Obvious  synonyms.  For  instance,  the  Russian  word"Jio>Kb'* 
is   translated    as   "lie,    falsehood".  The    word    "falsehood" 


XII 


shows  that  the  word  "lie"  means  here  not  "direction,  po- 
sition"  or    "the    state  of  affairs",  but  "a  false    statement". 

2)  Subject  labels,  e.  g.  econ,  mil,  etc.  Thus  "ji6>Ka"  is  ren- 
dered as  "box",  the  label  theat  showing  that  "box"  means 
"a  small  boxlike  space  with  chairs  at  a  theatre",  and  not 
"a  container  made  of  wood,  etc,  to  put  things  in". 

3)  Designation  of  the  grammatical  construction  in  which  the 
word  (or  one  of  its  meanings)  is  used: 

MHoro  [mnoga]  I  adv...  2.  with   comp  much;... 

4)  Explanations  given  parenthetically  in  italic  type  imme- 
d'ately  after  the  English  word.  These  parentheses  may  con- 
tain a  preposition  specifying  the  meaning  of  the  English 
equivalent,  word  combinations,  short  descriptions,  etc. 

jiOKJaxb  [l^i^zhat^]  imperf...  1.  lie  (m  a  horizontal 
position)-,  be  {in  some  place,  said  of  things)',... 

jtajieKiMH  [dAlMk^iy]  a...  2.  \ong{way,  journey,  etc);... 

Kapn  [karp  -b]  m  -a,  -ob  carp  {an  edible  freshwater 
fish). 

jiaAOHJb  [Udon^]  /  -h,    eft  palm  {of  the  hand). 

njiox|6H  [pUkhoy]  I  a...  bad  {1)  opposite  of  good; 
2)  smell,  etc;... 

saBHBlaTbcji  [zav^ivattsa]  imperf...  1.  curl  /  frizzle 
one's  hair;  have  on2's  hair  curled  /  frizzled;  2.  curl, 
wave  {of  hair). 

The  explanation  indicates  that  "curl"  means  "to  be  in  curls", 
and  not  "play  at  curling",  on  the  one  hand,  or  "to  make 
into  curls",  on  the  other;  the  transitive  verb  would  have 
been  marked  "curl,  wave  {hair)". 

3arjiflAbiB|aTb  [zAgl^adtvat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,... 
1.  peep  in,  peep  {into);... 

The  italicized  preposition  "into"  shows  that  "peep"  does 
not  mean  here  "come  into  view". 

If  the  preposition  following  a  verb  is  given  in  Roman 
type  and  without  parentheses  this  serves  to  indicate  that 
the  corresponding  Russian  verb    requires  a  direct  object. 

nojiio6|MTb  [paPub^'it^]  perf...  grow  fond  of,  come  to 
love;  fall  in  love  with. 

The  dictionary  pays  special  attention  to  Soviet  and 
Russian  realia  and  to  difficult  cases,  such  as  prepositions, 
conjunctions,  prefixes,  etc,  which  can  be  rendered  only 
through  description,  etc.  As  a   rule,  the  latter  are  treated 


-  xin  - 

in  a  specific  way  since  most  of  them  cannot  be  understood 
readily  by  merely  giving  their  translation.  Therefore,  the 
meanings  of  Russian  relation  words  and  affixes  are  ex- 
plained through  definitions  and  examples. 

AC  [do;...]  prep  with  gen  denoting  1.  distance,  extent, 
.limit  of  time,  etc:  ot  MocKBbi  j\o  JIeHHHrpa;ia  mecTbcoT 
HHTbAecHT  KHJiOMCTpOB  it  is  650  km  from  Moscow  to 
Leningrad;...  2.  precedence  in  time:  ao  peBOJiibuHH  before 
the  revolution;  aa  noA^aca  j\o  KOHuepxa  half  an  hour 
before  the  concert. 

THE  NOUN 

The  nouns  are  given  in  the  nominative  singular.  The 
designations  m,  /,  n  indicate  the  gender.  Two  gender  des« 
ignations  show  that  the  word  may  refer  to  persons  of  ei- 
ther  sex. 

rjiaB|a  I  [glAva]  m  &  [  -bi,  pi  rjiaebi,  ~  head  {the 
chief);... 

Next  come  the  form's  of  the  genitive  singular  and  genitive 
plural  for  regular  nouns.  For  the  rest  of  the  forms  see 
Grammar  Tables. 

The  endings  are  preceded  by  a  hyphen  which  stands  for 
the  unchanging  part  of  the  head-word*. 

jieKUHJn  [Pektjiya]  /  -h,  -h  lecture. 
[Read:  jickuhsi...  gen  sing  jickuhh,    gen  pi  JieKUHft] 

If  there  is  no  vertical  line  in   the  head-word,  the  hyphen 
preceding  the  ending  stands  for  the  whole  word. 
aBT66yc  [Aftobus,   -z]  m  -a,  -oe  bus;... 
'[Read:  aexoSyc...   asTodyca,  asToSycoB] 

Other  case  forms  are  indicated  only  when  there  is  an 
irregularity. 

BOA|a  [vAda]  /  -hi,  accBojxy,  pi  bojxu,  —',  BOAaM  wa- 
ter;... 

[Read:    eoAa...   gen  sing  BOAbi,  ace  sing  BOAy,  nom  pi 
BOAbi,  gen  pi  BOA,  dat  pi  BOAaM] 

eaji  I  [val]  m  -a,  pi  -bi,  -6b  earthen  bank. 
If  the  head-word  is  a  monosyllable  and  the  inflection 

*  The  same  is  true  of  adjectives,  verbs,  pronouns,  and  numerals. 


~  XIV  - 

has   no   stress    mark,    the   stress  in    the  oblique  case  form 
falls  on  the  first  syllable. 

aKT  [akt,  agd]  m  -a,  -ob  I.  act... 
[Read:  aKT...  aKTa,  aKTOB...] 

A  stress  mark  on  the  ending  in  disyllables  and  poly- 
syllables indicates  that  the  stress  has  shifted  from  the  stem 
to  the  ending. 

flHKaplb  [d^ikar^l  m  -a,  -efl  1.  savage;... 
[Read:  AHKapb...  AHKapn,  flHKapeft...] 

In  a  noun  not  used  in  the  plural,  only  the  genitive  sin- 
gular is  given. 

6ara)K  [bAgash,  -zh]  m  -a  luggage;... 

Nouns  occurring  in  the  plural  form  only  are  given  with 
the  genitive  plural  and  are  designated  pi. 
Bec|w  [v^i^si]  pi  -OB  scales,  balance. 

Nouns  mostly  used  in  the  plural  are  treated  in  the  same 
manner  as  plural  nouns.  The  singular  form  of  such  nouns 
with  the  grammatical  notes  is  given  in  parentheses. 

6othh|kh  [bAt^ink^i]  pi  -ok  {sing  6othh|ok  m  -Ka) 
boots... 

If  a  noun  has  different  plural  forms  for  different  mean- 
ings the  corresponding  plural  forms  are  placed  after  the 
Arabic  numerals  introducing  the  respective  meanings. 

jiHCT  [l^ist,  -zd]  m  -a,  pi  -u  (-bh),  -6b  (-bCB)  1.  (pi  -bh) 
leaf  (of  a  plant,  tree,  etc);  2.  (pi  -bi)  leaf  (in  a  book); 
sheet  (of  paper,  metal,  etc);  3.  [pi  -hi):  onpocHbifl  -^ 
questionnaire;... 

If  one  of  the  meanings  of  a  noun  is  used  mostly  or  ex- 
clusively in  the  plural,  the  nominative  plural  form  is 
indicated  in  the  dictionary. 

B03M6}KHocT|b  [vAzm6zhn9s^t^,  -z^'d^]  /  -H,  pi  -H,  -efi 
1.  possibility;  2.  opportunity,  chance;...  3.  pi  poten- 
tialities; means... 

Indeclinable  nouns  have  the  designation  indecl  after  the 
gender. 

najibTO  [pAl^to]  n  indecl  (over)coat. 
Adjectives,  numerals,  and    pronouns  which  may  be  used 


-  XV  - 

as  nouns  are  designated  as  a  noun.  The  appropriate  gender 
labels  and  case  forms  are  also  given. 

BoeHHJbiH  [vAyennty]   I  a  military,... 
II  as   a    noun    BoeHH|biH    m  -oro,  -wx  serviceman, 
soldier. 

BTOpoH    [ftAroy]    I  num    ord   &   a    1.  second;  2.  the 
latter  {of  two); 

II  as  fl  noun    BTop  |6e   n    -oro,    -ux    second    course 
(of  a  meal). 

Hauj  [nash,  -zh]  I  pron  pers...  our;  ours; 
II  as  a  noun  h  a  m  h  pi  -x  our   people  {relatives). 


THE  ADJECTIVE 

Adjectives  are  given  in  the  nominat  ve  singular  mascu- 
line. The  designation  used  for  adjectives  is  a. 

For  adjectives  with  a  stem  ending  in  "r,  k,  x,  u,  q,  ui, 
m,  Hi"  the  feminine,  neuter,  and  plural  endings  are  indi- 
cated since  they  "are  formed  differently  from  adjectives 
ending  in  -hh  (see  Grammar  Tables). 

jiKnK'iHH  [l^ipk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  jimhok,  -a, 
-o,  -H  sticky,  adhesive;... 

[Read:  jihokmh...  /  jinnKan,  n  jiHHKoe,  pi  jinnKHe,  sh  i 
m  JiHnoK,  /  JiHHKa,  n  jihoko,  pi  JiHnKHJ 

Short  adjective  forms  designated  sh  f  are  given  imme- 
diately after  the  complete  forms  or  after  the  designation  a 
in  the  following  order:  masculine,  feminine,  neuter,   plural. 

The  absence  of  masculine  or  neuter  forms  in  the  short 
adjective  forms  is  indicated  as  follows:  no  m,  no  n. 

6o;ibH|6H  [bAl^noy]  I  ashf66jieii,  -a,  {no  n),  -u  sick... 

The  dictionary  gives  only  the  irregular  ^orms  of  the 
comparative  and  superlative  decrees,  such  as  forms  not 
ending  in  -ee  or  -efiiuHii  or  not  having  the  word  "caMbift" 
and  those  derived  from  different  roots;  these  irregular  and 
suppletive  forms  are  given  as  separate  entries  in  their 
alphabetical  order  with  reference  to  the  positive  form  of 
the  corresponding  adjective    (the  same  is  true  of  adverbs). 

rjiy6«e  [glubzht^]  comp  of  rjiySoKHH  &  corresp 
adv. 

jiymuJHH  [lutshiy]  J  -an,  -ee.  -He  comp  &  super l  of 
XopouiHij;.., 


XVI  - 


THE  NUMERAL 

The  numerals  are  designated  as  follows:  num  card,  nam 
ord,  num  collect. 

Cardinal  numerals  are  given  in  the  nominative  case  with 
the  genitive  (which  coincides  with  the  dative  and  preposi- 
tional) and  the  instrumental  case  form;  other  forms  are 
indicated  if  they  prove  irregular. 

ceMlb  [s^em^]  num  card  -h,   -bib  seven;... 

Since  ordinal  numerals    coincide  with  adjectives  having 
in  the  masculine    the  same    endings,  the  feminine,  neuter, 
or  plural   forms  are  not  indicated. 
All  case  forms  are  given  for  collective  numerals. 

flB6|e  [dvoya]  num  collect  -hx,  -hm,  -hx  (-e),  -hmh, 
(o)  -HX  two. 

THE  PRONOUN 

The  pronoun  is  designated  pron.  The  indication  of  the 
class  (pers,  poss,  dem,  reft,  etc),  the  case  forms,  and  gen- 
der endings  are  likewise  given. 

The  description  of  the  possessive  pronoun  includes  the 
feminine,  neuter,  and  plural  forms. 

eauj  [vash,  -zh]  I  pron  poss  corresp  to  bh  m  -ero, 
-eMy,  -'  (-ero),  -eMy,  (o)  -eM,  eama  /,  eauie  n,  eaiUH 
pi  your;  yours;... 

The  feminine  and  neuter  form  as  well  as  the  plural  with  the 

endings  of  the  oblique  cases  are  given  as  separate  entries  in 

their  alphabetical  order  with  reference  to  the  masculine  form. 

Bam  I  a  [vasha]  pron  f  -eft,    -eft,  -y,  -eft  (-eio),  (o)  -eft 

see  Bam. 

Personal    pronoun    forms  in  the  oblique    cases  are  to  be 
found  in  the  general  alphabetical   list  of  entries  with  refer- 
ence to  the  appropriate  personal  pronoun  in  the  nominative. 
BaM  [vam]  dat  of  bu. 

THE  VERB 

The  verbs  are  given  in  the  infinitive.  The  designation 
imperf  or  perf  indicates  the  aspect.  The  forms  of  the  1st 
and  2nd    person   singular   present    tense   (for    imperfective 


-  XVII  - 


verbs)    or    future   tense    (for   perfective  verbs)     follow  the 
aspect. 

rjiOT|aTb  [gUtat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib  1.  swallow; 
gulp  down,  bolt;... 

pHHlyxbCJi  [r^inuttsa]  perf  -ycb,  -eiubCH...  rush  (head- 
long), dash. 

If  the  verb  is  not  used  in  the  1st  and  2nd  person  sin- 
gular, only  the  3rd  person  form  is  indicated. 

jiajiJTb  [layat^]  imperf  jiaeT...  bark,  bay. 

In  regular  verbs  without  any  stress  shift  only  the  1st 
and  2nd  person  forms  are  given.  (The  rest  of  the  forms  will 
be  found  in  Tables  6  &  7,  pp.  XXX— XXXII). 

These  are  followed  by  the  past  tense  forms  (preceded  by 
the  designation  p)  and  imperative  mood  forms  (preceded 
by  the  designation  imp)  in  all  cases  when  the  latter  are 
at  variance  with  the  general  rules. 

BecejilHTbCfl  [v^is^i^l^ittja]  imperf  -ibcb,  -HuibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  have  fun... 

Both  the  aspect  forms  —  the  perfective  and  the  imper- 
fective  —  are  entered  in  the  dictionary.  They  are^  listed  as 
separate  entries  in  their  alphabetical  order.  The  English 
equivalents  for  both  aspect  forms  are  given  in  the  infini- 
tive entry  of  the  imperfective  aspect.  The  latter  also  contains 
the  corresponding  perfective  aspect  form  (or  forms)  with 
its  (or  their)    pronunciation,   grammatical  description,  etc. 

noxHmlaTb  [pakh'^ish^'.at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  noxH- 
T|HTb  [pAkh^it^it^]  perf  noxiimy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp  h 
steal  {documents,  etc)',... 

An  infinitive  representing  both  aspects  is  designated  perf 
&  imperf. 

aHHyjiHp|oBaTb  [Anul^iravat^]  perf  &  imperf'  -yro, 
-yeiiib,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yfi  annul... 

Impersonal  uses  of  finite  forms  and  impersonal  verbs 
are  marked  impers. 

Kaslaxbcsi  [kAzatt^a]  I  imperf...  2.  impers:  KajKexcH, 
MTO...  it  seems  that...;  eMy  KajKexcH,  qio...  if  seems 
to  him  that...;... 

Verbs  of  the  perfective  aspect  formed  only  with  the  help 
of  a  prefix  added  to  the  imperfective  infinitive  (such  verbs 


XVIII    - 


tiave.  a  dotted  line  between  the  prefix  and  the  rest  of  the 
word)  usually  have  in  the  future  tense  the  same  forms  as  for 
the  present  tense  of  the  imperfective.  Therefore,  their  forms 
are  not  indicated  separately,  unless  there  is  a  stress  shift. 
«epTB|oBaTb     [zhertyvat**]     imperf     -yio,     -yemb,     p 

-OBaji,    imp    -yfi,    noi^epxeoBaTb    [pAzhertyvat**)    perf 

1.  sacrifice,  offer  (up)... 

{Read:  nowepTBOBaxb...    no^epreyK),    noHiepTByeuib,  p 

nojKepTBoeaJi,  imp  noJKepTeyH] 
But: 

MWTb  [mit^]  imperf  mokd,  Moeuib.  p  mhji,  Mb'ijia,  imp 

MOH,    BbIMbl|Tb      [Vimit**]     perf      BblMOK),    BblMOeUIb,    p    -Jl , 

-jia,  imp  BbiMOH,... 

If  one  of  the  meanings  of  a  verb  is  used  in  one  of  the 
aspects,  perfective  or  imperfective,  the  English  equivalent 
is    preceded  by    the    no  perf  or  no  imperf  designation. 

MeH|flTb  [m^i^n^'at'']  imperf  -hhd,  -aeuib,  nolMeHHTb 
[pam^i^n^'at^]  perf  1.  change  {1)  clothes;  2)  money);... 
3.  (no  perf)  change,  alter  {one's  opinion,  etc). 

If  an  imperfective  verb  has  different  perfective  forms 
for  different  meanings,  the  corresponding  perfective  forms 
are  given  in  parentheses  after  the  Arabic  numeral  intro- 
ducing the  respective  meaning. 

jien|HTb  [l^i^p^'it^J  imperf  -jiib,  jienHiiib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h, 
BbijienlHTb  [vil^'i^pMt'']  perf  -jik),  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  cijienHTb  [s^l^i^p^'it*']  perf  1.  (Bb'ijienHTb)  model, 
sculpture  (in  clay,  wax,  etc);  2.  (cjiennrb)  make,  build 
(birds'  nests,  honeycombs). 

When  the  meanings  of  both  aspects  do  not  fully  coincide 
the  entry  contains  appropriate  reference  to  the  coinciding 
meanings. 

noxeMHexb  sej  xeMHexb   1,  2. 

The  designations  perf  also  and  imperf  also  indicate  that 
the  English  equivalent  following  this  designation  may  be 
referred  only  to  the  perfective  or  imperfective  aspect  of 
the  verb. 

6ec|HxbCfl  [b**i^s*'itt^s9]  imperf  6eiuycb,  decnuihcsi,  p 
-HJicfl,  -HJiacb,  imp  HCb,  -HTCCb  rsifccHTbcn  [vzh'^i- 
s'^ittsa]  perf  1....  2  //j  rage,  be  in  rage,  per£  also 
get  /  fly  into  a  rage,  get  wild. 


-  XIX  - 

The  most  difficult  irregular  verb  forms  are  given  in 
their  alphabetical  order  with  reference  to  their  basic  verb 
form. 

EHiuy  [v^ishu]  see  BHcexb. 

Exception    is    made  only  for  such  cases  as: 
jibK)  [l^'yu],  Jibeuib  [I'^yosh,    -zh]  see  jiHib. 

Russian  verb  form.s  indicating  an  indefinitely  directed 
motion,  i.e.  a  motion  in  various  directions,  and  those 
that  indicate  the  same  motion  in  a  definite  direction  are 
treated  in  the  dictionary  separately  and  have  cross  refer- 
ence. 

6em\siTh  [b^i^zhat^j  imperf  6ery,  -Hiiib,  6eryT,  p -aji, 
imp  6erH  a  concrete  movement  in  a  definite  direction  —  1 
\cf  6eraTb  1]  1.  run  {on  the  feet);...  3.  col  run  /  boil 
over;... 

6er|aTb  [b^egat^]  imperf  aio,  -aemb  [cf  6e>KaTb  1]  1. 
run  {on  the  feet);  -—aTb  naneperoHKH  race  with  one 
another:  run  a  race  {with  smb);.  2.:  y  Hero  rjiasa  ~aiOT 
he  has  shifty  eyes. 

The  figure  1  in  the  square  brackets  indicates  which  of  the 
meanings  the  above  opposition  refers  to.  The  figure  1 
after,  the  definition  a  concrete  moiement  in  a  definite  direc- 
tion shows  that  this  is  true  only  of  the  first  meaning  of 
the  verb  6e}KaTb, 

THE  ADVERB 

The  adverbs  are  designated  adv.  The  predicative  mean- 
ings of  the  adverb  are  introduced  separately  and  marked 
predic  or  predic  impers. 

npaEHJibHO  [prav'^il'^na]  I  adv  correctly;  rightly; 
II  impers  predic    that's    right,  right  you  are,  exactly 
it  is  correct. 


LIST  OF  SIGNS 

I     (vertical  line)  separates  the   unchanging    part    of    the 

head-word. 
-^     (swung    dash)   stands    for    the  unchanging    part  of  the 

head-word  in  the  entry  or  for  the  whole  head-word  if  the 

latter  has  no  vertical  line. 
<>      rhombus)     introduces     expressions     phraseology,  etc, 

connected   with  the  idiomatic    uses  of  the    head-word, 
/     (slant)  offers  a  choice  of  synonyms. 
I     (dotted  line)  separates  the  prefix    in    certain    verbs    of 

the  perfective  aspect. 
B=     (sign  of  equality)  between  two  Russian  words  indicates 

that  they  are  synonyms, 
s     (sign  of  approximate  equality)  shows  that  the  English 

variant  is  but  an  approximate  equivalent  of  the  given 

Russian  word  or  phrase. 
(  )    (parentheses)  may  contain  additional  information,  etc, 

or  indicate  optional  elements  (when  printed  in  Roman 

type;  also  see  p.  XI). 
[  1    (square    brackets)   may  a)    enclose  the  transcription  of 

head-words,  b)  indicate  alternatives  (see  pp.  X— XI)  and 

c)  be  used    to    point  out    the   grammatical  origin  of  a 

word. 


ABBREVIATIONS 

Used  in  the  Dictionary 


a  adjective 

abbrev  abbreviation 

ace  accusative  case 

adv  adverb 
I       agric  agriculture 
»       anat  anatomy 

arcliit  architecture 

astron  astronomy 

attr  attributive 

augm  augmentative 

av  aviation 

biol  biology 

hot  botany 

card  cardinal 

cf  compare 

chem  chemistry 

cj  conjunction 

col  colloquial 

collect  collective 

comp  comparative  degree 

corresp  corresponding 

dat  dative  case 

def  defining 

detn  demonstrative 

dim  diminutive 

dlpl  diplomacy 

econ  economics 

elect r    electrical    engineering 

etc  et  cetera 

/  feminine 

.fig  figurative 

fin  finance 

flex  flexion 

lut  future  tense 


gen  genitive  case 

geog  geography 

geol  geology 

hist  historical 

imp  imperative 

imperf  verb  imperfective 

impers  impersonal 

in  dec  I  indeclinable 

indef  indefinite 

inf  infinitive 

instr  instrumental  case 

int  interjection 

intens  intensifying 

inter  interrogative 

ling  linguistics 

m  masculine 

math  mathematics 

med  medicine 

mil  military 

min  mineralogy 

mus  music 

n  neuter 

naut  nautical 

neg  negative 

nom  nominative  case 

num  numeral 

ord  ordinal 

p  past  tense 

pa  participle 

parenth  used    parenthetically 

part  particle 

perf  verb  perfective 

pers  personal 

philos  philosophy 


phys  physics 

pi  plural 

pol  political 

poss  possessive 

pr  prepositional  case 

predic  used  predicatively 

pref  prefix 

prep  preposition 

pres  present  tense 

pron  pronoun 

prov  proverb 

recip  reciprocal 

refl  reflexive 

rel  relative 


relig  religion 

restr  restrictive 

rly  railway 

sh  f  short  form 

sing  singular 

stub  somebody 

smlh  something 

superl  superlative  degree 

syl  syllable,  syllabic 

technol  technology 

theat  theatrical 

VS  American  usage 

V  verb 

zool  zoology 


a  [a]  cj  denoting  1.  con- 
trast or  the  fact  of  being  con- 
fronted but;  and;  while, where- 
as; He  ceroAHH,  a  saBTpa 
not  today,  but  tomorrow; 
eMy  ABaAuaib  Jiex,  a  MHe 
TpHAuaxb  he  is  twenty  and 
I  am  thirty;  3to  ee  Kapan- 
flaui,  a  He  tboh  this  is  her 
pencil,  (and)  not  yours;  oh 
noiiieji  B  KHHO,  a  h  ociaJicH 
AOMa  he  went  to  the  pictures, 
while  I  stayed  at  home;  ona 
saHHxa,  a  noMoraei  naivi  she 
is  busy,  yet  she  helps  us;  2. 
addition  and;  sto  moh  chh, 
a  3T0  MOH  Jlo^h  here  is  my 
son,  and  here  is  my  daughter; 
<>  a  MMeHHO  namely;  a  to... 

1)  =  a     He    to;     see    below; 

2)  for  (because);  saKpofi  okho, 
a  10  AyeT  shut  the  window, 
there  is  a  draft  here;  a  He 
TO...  or  (else)...;  Ha;;eHbna;ib- 
t6,  a  He  TO  npocxyAHUibCH 
put  on  your  coat,  or  you'll 
catch  a  cold. 

aSawyp  [AbAzhur]  m  -a,  -ob 
(lamp-)shade. 

a63a^  [Abzats,  -dz]  m  -a, 
-eB  1.  indentation,  indention 
(in  writing  or  printing);  2. 
paragraph  (a  distinct  part  of 
a  text). 


aSoHCMeHT  [Aban^'i^m^ent, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB    season  ticket. 

aSopT  [Abort,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
abortion,  miscarriage. 

aSpHKoc  [Abr^ikos,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB    apricot;  apricot-tree. 

a6cojiibTHibiH  [AbsAl^utniy] 
a  sh  f  aScoJiEOTCH,  -a,  -o,  -h 
absolute. 

a6cTpaKTH|biH  [Abstraktniy] 
a  sh  f  aCcTpaKTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
abstract. 

aScypfl  [Absurt,  -d]  m  -a 
absurdity;  nonsense. 

aeanrap;!  [AVAngart,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  /ni/ advance-guard, 
2.  fig  vanguard. 

aBaHrapflHJbiH  [AVAngard- 
niy]  a  vanguard  (attr);  ^aa 
poJib  pol  leading  role. 

aeanc  [Avans,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
advance  (a  loan);  advance  pay- 
ment. 

aeaHcoM  [Avansam]  adv  in 
advance;  nojiyqHTb  --  receive 
on  account. 

aeaHTibpla  [AVAn^t^'urs]  / 
-bi,  ~  adventure,  venture; 
pHCKOBannaH  --a  risky  en- 
terprise. 

aBapH|fl  [Avar^iya]  /  -h,  -h 
break-down  {an  accidental 
stoppage);  accident;  damage 
(harm);  crash  {of  an  airplane); 


norepnerb  --kd  meet  with  an 
accident;  be  damaged;  crasti 
{of  an  airplane). 

aerycT  [avgust,  -zd]  m  -a 
August. 

aBHa...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to  avia- 
tion or  aircraft:  aBHaxpacca 
[av^'iatrassa]  air-route;  aeHa- 
66M6a  [av^iabomba]  aircraft 
bomb. 

aBHaSasla  [av^iabaza]  / -bi, 
~  air-base. 

asHaKOHCTpyKTOp  [av^ia- 
kAnstruktar]  m  -a,  -ob  air- 
craft designer. 

aBHajiHHHiii  [av^ial^in^iya] 
/  -H,  -H  airline,  airway. 

aBHaHocjeu  [Av^iAnos^itj, 
-d^]  m  -ua,  -ueB  aircraft  car- 
rier. 

aBHanoHTJa  [av^iapoch^ta] 
/  -u  air  mail. 

aBHauHifl  [AV^iatjiya]  /  -h 
aviation;  aircraft,  planes. 

aBocb  [avos^,  -z^]  part  col 
perhaps; 
<>  Ha  -~-  on    the  off-chance. 

aecTpajiHlei;  [AfstrAl^iyatj, 
-dz]  m  -Hua,  -HueB  Austra- 
lian. 

aecTpajiMHCKlHH  [AfstrAlMy- 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Aus- 
tralian. 

aBCxpHJeu  [Afstr^iyats,  -dz] 
m  -Hua,  -HueB  Austrian. 

aBCTpMHCKlHH  [AfstrMy- 
sk^iyj  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Aus- 
trian. 

aBTO. . .  first  element  of  com- 
pounds denoting  1.  self: 
aBTonoprpex  [aftapArtr^et,  -d] 
self-portrait;  aBTo6Horpa(|)HH 
[aftab^'iAgraf^iya]        autobi- 


ography; 2.  automobile:  aBxo- 
saBOA  [aftazAvot,  -d]  motor 
works;  aBiocipaAa  [aftastra- 
da]  motor  highway;  main 
road;  3.  automatic:  aBTO- 
pyqKa  [aftaruch^ka]  fountain- 
-pen. 

aBToSyc  [Aftobus,  -z]  m-a, 
-OB  bus;  exaxb  na  —  e  go  by 
bus;  ride  in  a  bus. 

aBTorpacj)  [Aftograf,  -v]  m 
-a,  -OB  autograph. 

aBTOMax  [AftAmat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  automatic  machine/ 
device;  slot-machine;  public 
telephone;  2.  fig  automaton; 
3.  mil  submachine-gun. 

aBTOMo6Hjiib  [AftamAb^'il^] 
m  -H,  -eft  motor-car;  .nerKO- 
BOH  —  b  (passenger)  car;  rpy- 
3ob6h  —  b'  lorry;  US  truck; 
exaib  Ha  — e  motor;  go  by 
car;  ride  in  a  car. 

aBTOHOMHifl  [AftAnom^'iya] 
/  -H  autonomy. 

aBTOHOMHJufl  [AftAnomniy] 
a  sh  f  aBTOHOMCH  -a,  -o  auton- 
omous. 

aBTop  [aftar]  m  -a,  -ob 
author. 

aBTOpHTCT  [Aftar^it^et,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  authority,  pres- 
tige; 2.  authority  [an  expert). 

aBTopcK|HH  [aftarsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,-He  author's,  authors'; 
— oe  npaBO  copyright. 

arcHT  [Ag^ent,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  agent. 

areHTCTBlo  [Ag^enstva]  n 
-a,  ^  agency. 

arHxarop  [Ag'itatar]  m  -a, 
-OB  propagandist;    canvasser, 

arHxauHifl  [Ag^'itatjiya]  / 
-H  agitation  {mass  propagan* 


aKa 


da)\  campaign  {for,  against' 
smth). 

arHTHp|oBaTb[Ag^it^ir8V9t^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yft,  ciarHTMpoBaxb  [sa- 
g^it^iravat^]  per/  1.  {no  perf) 
campaign  {for,  against),  agi- 
tate {for,  against);  carry  on 
propaganda;  carry  on  agita- 
tion [cf  arHTauHH];  2.  per- 
suade {smb  to    do  smth). 

arHinyHKT  [Ag^itpunkt,-gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  propaganda  centre; 
canvassing  centre. 

arpapHbiH  [Agrarniyjaagra- 
rian. 

arpeccH|fl  [Agr^'es^iya]  / -h, 
-H  aggression. 

arpoHoM  [AgrAnom]  m  -a, 
-OB  agronomist. 

aA  [at,  adj  m  -a  hell. 

aABOKar  [AdvAkat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  lawyer;  advocate  {also 
fig);  barrister. 

aAMHHHCTpaTHBHlblH         [Ad- 

m^in^istrAt^ivniy]  a  admin- 
istrative; B  -—OM  nopHAKe 
by  administrative  order. 

aAMHHHCTpaTOp  [Adm^in^i- 
stratarj  m  -a,  -ob  administra- 
tor; manager. 

aAMHHHCTpau,H|$i  [Adm'^in^i- 
stratgiya]  /  -h,  -h  administra- 
tion, management. 

ajiMHpaji  [Adm^iral]  m  -a, 
-OB  admiral. 

aApec  [adr^is,  -z]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  address  {on  a  letter,  etc); 
nocjiaTb  HHCbMo  no  —y  /  Ha 
^  send  a  letter  to  {smb's) 
address;  AOCTasHTb  (nncbMo) 
no  — y  deliver  (a  letter)  to 
the  right  address; 
<^  (saMeHaHHfl)   no   HbCMy-ji. 


— -y  (remarks)  about  /  concern- 
ing smb;  He  no  ~y  to  the 
wrong  quarter;  o6paTHTbCfl 
He  no  —y  come  to  the  wrong 
shop  (with  a  request). 

aApecHbiH  [adr^isnty]  a:  ~ 
cTOJi  address  bureau  {a  spe- 
cial inquiry  office  through 
which  one  can  find  out  the 
address  of  an  inhabitant  of 
the  town). 

aA'biOTaHT  [Ad^yutant,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  aide-de-camp. 

asapT  [Azart,  -d]  m  -a  vehe- 
mence, heat;  ardour;  excite- 
ment; BOHTH  B  -—  grow  heated 
(of  oeople). 

a36yK|a    [azbuka]    /  -h,  ^ 

1.  ABC  {also  fig);    alphabet; 

2.  ABC-book; 

<>   ~a  Mopse  Morse  code. 

a3ep6aHA«aHJeu,  [Az^irbAy- 
dzhan^itj,  -dz]  m  -na,  -ueB 
Azerbaijanian. 

a3ep6aHAH(aHCK!iiH  [Az^'ir- 
bAydzhansk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  Azerbaijan. 

asHaxcKlHH  [Az^iatsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Asian. 

asoT  [Azdt,  -d]  m  -a  nitro- 
gen. 

aMCT  [aist,  -zd]  m  -a,  -ob 
stork. 

aft  [ay]  int  expressing  1. 
sudden  pain,  fright,  fear,  etc 
oh!;  ouch!;  2.  displeasure,  re- 
proach, regret,  etc  oh!;  ugh!; 
oh,  bother!; 

<>  afi  Aa  napeHb!  there's  a 
good  fellow! 

aKaACMHK  [AkAd^'em^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  academician;  mem- 
ber of  an  Academy. 

aKaACMHlii  [AkAd^em^'iyaJ  / 


ana 


_  4  _ 


-H,  -H  academy  (1)  of  sci- 
ences, etc;  2)  a  higher  educa- 
tional institution). 

aKauH|$i  [Akatsiya]  /  -h, 
-H  acacia. 

aKBapejijb  [AkvAr^el^]  / 
-H,  -eft  water-colour. 

aKBapHyM  [Akvar^ium]  m 
-a,  -OB  aquarium. 

aKKOMnaHCMeHT  [Akampa- 
n^i^m'^ent,  -d]  m  -a  accom- 
paniment; nojx  --  to  the 
accompaniment  (of), 

aKKOpjieoH  [Akard^i^on]  m 
•a,  -OB  accordion. 

aKKopAHjbiH  [Akordniy]  a: 
—an  njiaxa  /  onjiaxa  piece 
wages;  payment  by  the  piece; 
—  an  pa66Ta  piece-work. 

aKKpcAHTHs  [Akr^id^it'^If, 
-v]  m  -a,  -OB  letter  of  credit. 

aKKypaxHlbiH  [Akuratnry]  a 
sh  f  aKKypaxeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
1.  accurate;  punctual;  orderly 
{person);  2.  neat,  tidy;  3.  care- 
ful {work). 

aKpo6aT  [AkrAbat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  acrobat. 

aKT  [akt,  agd]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  act,  action;  2.  law  deed; 
o6BHHHTejibHbiH  ~  iudicl- 
ment;  3.  statement,  report 
{a  document  summing  up  an 
investigation,  inspection,  etc); 
4.   theat  act. 

aKxep  [Akt^or]  m  -a,  -ob 
actor. 

aKTHBHlbiH  [Akth'vniy]  a 
sh  f  aKTHBCH,  a,  -o,  -bi  ac- 
tive {member,  etc). 

aKTpHc|a  [Aktr^isa]  /  -bi, 
^  ^ctress. 

aKTyajibH|biH  [Aktual^nty] 
a  sh   f   aKTyaJieH,    -a,  -o,  -bi 


urgent,  burning  {problem,  etc); 
timely  {article,  etc). 

dKyjija  [Akula]  /  -bi,  ^ 
shark;  dogfish. 

aKyiuepJKa  [Akusherka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  midwife. 

aKi;eHT  [Aktjent,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  accent  {foreign,  local, 
etc). 

aKU,HOHep  [AktjiAn^er]  m 
-a,  -OB  shareholder. 

aKi^HCHepHbiH  [AktjtAn^er- 
niy]  a  joint-stock. 

aKu,H|fl  [aktsiya]  -h,  -h 
econ  share. 

aji6aH|eu  [Alban^itj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,     -ueB  Albanian. 

aji6aHCK|HH  [Albansk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Albanian. 

ajire6p|a  [alg^ibra]  /  -bi 
algebra. 

ajiiKMp|eu  [Alzhtr^itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Algerian. 

ajDKMpcKiHH  [Alzhlrsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Algerian. 

ajiMMCHTlbi  [Al^'im^entt]  pi 
-OB  alimony. 

ajiKor6jibHjbiH[AlkAg61^ntyJ 
a  alcoholic,  spirituous;  —bie 
HauHTKH  strong  drinks;  spir- 
its. 

ajijieJH  [Al^'eya]  /  -h,  -fl 
alley  (a  path  in  a  garden  or 
park);  avenue  {a  walk  bor- 
dered by  trees). 

ajijio  [aI^'o]  int  used  in 
telephone  conversations  to  at- 
tract attention  or  answer  a 
call:  ~,  KOMMyxaxop?  Hullo, 
operator?;  —!  Kxo  roBopHx? 
Hullo!  Who's  speaking? 

ajiMas  [Almas,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  (rough)  diamond  (a  stone)\ 

2.  glazier's  diamond. 


-  5  - 


aHT 


aji(|)aBHT  [AlfAv^it,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  alphabet;  no  ~y  in 
alphabetical  order. 

ajibiH  [alty]  a  red,  scarlet. 

ajibCoM  [Al^bom]  m  -a,  -ob 
album;  sketch-book. 

aji-bnMHMCT  [App^in^ist,  -zd] 
m  -a,  -OB    mountain-climber. 

ajiiOMHHHlH  [Al^um^in^iy] 
m  -H  aluminium. 

aMdap  [Ambar]  m  -a,  -oe 
barn;  storehouse. 

aM6yjiaT6pH|5i  [AmbulAto- 
r^iya]  f  -h,   -h  dispensary. 

aMepHKaH|ei;  [Am^ir^ika- 
n^its,  -dz]  m  -ua,  -ues  Amer.- 
ican. 

aMepHKaHCKiHH  [Am^ir^ikan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Amer- 
ican. 

aMHHCTHJH  [Amn^is^t^iya] 
/  -H,   -H  arnnesty. 

aMopajibHbiH  [AmAral^niy] 
a  immoral. 

aM(j)HTeaTp  [Amf^it^'i^atr] 
m  -a, -OB  amphitheatre;  circle 
{a  set  of  seats). 

anajiHs  [Anal^is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  analysis;  —  KpoBH  blood 
test;  -~  MOHH  urinoscopy; 
urine  test. 

aHajicrHHH|biH[An3lAg^ich^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  aHajioriiqeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  analogous;  similar. 

aHaxoMHlfl  [AnAtom^iya]  / 
-H  anatomy  (a  science). 

aHrHH|a  [Ang^ina]  /  -bi 
quinsy. 

aHrjiHHCKiHH  [Angl^iysk^iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  English;  Brit- 
ish. 

aHrjiHHaH|MH  [Angl^ich^a- 
n^'ln]  m  nna,  pi  e,  ~  Eng- 
lishman. 


ancKjioT  [An^i^gddt,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  anecdote;  joke. 

aHKexIa  [Ank^eta]  /  -bi,  -^ 
form,  questionnaire. 

aHHyjiMpOBaTb  [Anul^ira- 
vat^j  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yii  an- 
nul; cancel,    repeal,  abolish. 

aHOHHMHbiH  [AnAn^imniy] 
a  anonymous. 

aHcaMSjijb  [AnsambP]  m  -h, 
-efl  ensemble;  ~b  necHH  h 
njiflCKH  song-and-dance  group. 

aHTapKTHHecK|HH  [AntArk- 
t^Ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
antarctic. 

aHxeHHJa  [Antena]  /  -bi,  ^ 
aerial,  antenna;  KOMHaTHaji 
~a  indoor  antenna. 

aHTH. . .  first  element  of  com- 
pounds denoting  opposition, 
rivalry,  unlikeness,  etc:  anTH- 
pejiHrHosHbiH  [an^t^ir^il^ig^i- 
oznty]  anti-religious;  anxH- 
caHHxapHbiH  [an^t^isan^itar- 
nly]  insanitary. 

aHXHBoeHHbiH  [An^f'ivA- 
yenniy]  a  antiwar. 

aHXHKeapHbiH  [An^t^ikvar- 
nty]  a:  ^  MarasHH  antique 
shop,  curiosity  shop. 

aHXHnaxH{n  [An^t^ipat^iya] 
/  -H,  -H  aversion,  dislike; 
nnxaxb  ~io  feel  an  aversion 
(for,  to). 

aHXHceMHx  [An^t^is^i^mMt, 
d]  m  -a,  -OB  anti-Semite; 
Jew-baiter. 

aHXHCOBeXCKiHH  [An^t^isA- 
v^etsk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe.  -He 
anti-Soviet. 

aHXH(|)aii]HcxdKlHH  [An^t^i- 
fAshissk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
anti-fascist. 


ahT 


aHTMHHbiH  [AD^'t^ich^niy] 
a  antique. 

aHTpaKT  [Antrakt,  -gd]  m 
-a,  -OB  interval  {at  the  the- 
atre). 

anejiJi^u,H;5i  [Ap^i^I^atjtya] 
/  -H,  -H  /aay  appeal;  noAaBaxb 
~K)  Ha  qTo-JT.  appeal  against 
smth. 

anejibCHH  [Ap^i^l^s^in]  m 
-a,  -OB  orange. 

anjiDUHploBaxb  [ApUd'^ira- 
v^i^\  imperf  -yKD,  -yeiiib,  p 
-OBa;i,  imp  -yft  applaud. 

anjioflHCMeHT|bi  [Apbd^is- 
m^enti]  pi  -ob  applause;  noA 
— bi  to  /  amid  applause. 

anojiHTHHHlbiH  [Apal^i- 

t^ich^niyl  as/i  /  anojinTiiHeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  indifferent  to  pol- 
itics {of  people);  neglecting 
the  political  side  of  a  mat- 
ter {of   a    book,  article,  etc). 

annapax  [^pArat,  -d]  m-a, 
-ob  1.  apparatus  {an  appli- 
ance, piece  of  machinery);  xe- 
jiejoHHbiH  ~  telephone  (set); 
4)oxorpac|)HMecKHH  --  cam- 
era; 2.  machinery  {of  the  state, 
etc);  3.   staff  {employees). 

anncHflHUHx  [Ap^m^d^'itsi't , 
-d]  m  -a  appendicitis. 

annexHx  [Ap^i^t^'it,  -d]  m 
-a  appetite; 

<>  npHflXHoro  —a!  bon  appe- 
tit! 

anpejilb  [Apr^'el'']  m  -h 
April. 

anxcKla  [Apt^eka]  /  -h,  ~ 
chemist's  (shop);  US  drug- 
store. 

anxeH'iKa  [Apt^ech^ka]  / 
-KH,  -eK  medicine  chest;  first- 
-aid  kit. 


apa6  [Arap,  -bj  m  -a,  -oq 
Arab. 

apa6cK';HH  [Arapsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Arab;  Arabian; 
Arabic. 

ap6y3  [Arbus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
water-melon. 

apreHXMHJeu  [Arg^i^n^t^i- 
n^'itj,  -dz]  m  -ua,  -ueB  Argen- 
tinean. 

apreHXMHCKiHH  [Arg^i^n^- 
t^insk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
Argentine. 

apenla  [Ar^ena]  f  -u,  ^  1. 
arena;  (circus)  ring;  2.  fig 
arena,  scene. 

apeHAJa  [Ar^enda]  /  -bi  1. 
lea^^e;  B3HXb  b  ~y  lease,  take 
on  lease;    2.    rent  {payment). 

apecx  [Arrest,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  arrest  {of  a  person); 
B3nxb  no;;  ~  take  into  cus- 
tody; 2.  sequestration;  najio- 
TKUTh  ~  Ha  HMymecxBO  se- 
questrate/seize property. 

apecxoeaHHibsH  [Ar^'i^sto- 
vanniy]  m  [pa]  -oro,  -ux 
prisoner. 

apH4)MexHKia  [Ar^ifm^'et^i- 
ka]  /  -H  arithmetic. 

apHJH  [ar^iya]  f  -h,  -h 
aria,  air. 

apHJa  [arka]  /  -h,  apoK  arch. 

apKXHHecKJHM  [Arkf'ich^i- 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne    arctic. 

apMHifl  [arm^'iya]  /  -h,  -fl 
army;  (armed)  forces. 

apMfiHHH  [Arm'^i'^n^in]  m  -a, 
pi  apMHHe,  apMHH  Arme- 
nian. 

apMWHCK'iHM  |Arm''ansk''iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  Armenian. 

apoMaxHbiH  [ATAmatnty]  a 
aromatic,  fragrant. 


^  7  -^ 


a(t)p 


apcewaji  [Ars^i^nal]  m  -a, 
-OB  I.  arnioury;-2.  //g  stores 
(0/). 

apTeji|b  [Art^el^]  /  -h,  -en 
artel  {an  association  for  com- 
mon work);  cejibCKOxosHHCT- 
BeHHaH    ~b    collective  farm. 

apTepH|fl  JArt^er^iya]  /  -h, 
-H  artery  {also  fig). 

apTHjijiepH|fl  [Art^'iPer^iys] 
/  -H  artillery. 

apxHCT  [Art^ist,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  performer;  ~  6ajieTa  bal- 
let-dancer; —  ApsMbi  actor; 
—  onepbi  opera  singer. 

ap(j)la  [arfa]  /  -bi,  ~ 
harp. 

apxeojioFHlfl  [Arkh^iAlo- 
g^iya]  /  -h  archeology. 

apxH...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds denoting  principal, 
extreme,  great:  apxHOJiyx 
[Arkh^'iplul,  -d]  arch-rogue; 
apxHMHJiJiHOHep  [arkh^im^'i- 
l^'iAn^er]    multimillionnaire. 

apxHB  [Arkh^if,    -v]    m  -a, 
-OB  archives; 
<>  Cijaxb  B  —  discard,  shelve. 

apxHTCKTOp  [Arkh^it^ektsr] 
m  -a,  -OB  architect. 

apxHTCKxypla  [Arkh^'it^i^k- 
tura]  /  -bi  architecture  {a 
science  or  style). 

apbeprap;i  [Aryi^rgart,  -d] 
m  -a,  -09  mil  rearguard. 

acnHpaHT  fAsp^irant,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  post-graduate  (stu- 
dent). 

acnHpaHxypla  [Asp^irAn- 
tura]  /  -bi  1.  post-graduate 
course;  2.  post-graduate  stu- 
dents. 

accaM6jie|fl  [ASAmbl^eya]  / 
-H,  -ii  assembly. 


accHCxcHx  [AS^is^t^ent,  -dj 
m  -a,  -OB  assistant. 

accopxMMeHx  [Asart^im^ent, 
-d]  m  -a, -OB  assortmentjVariety. 

acxpcHOMHifl  [AstrAno- 

m^iyal  /  -h  astronomy. 

ac(J)ajibx  [Asfal^t,  -d]  m  -a 
asphalt. 

axaK|a  [Ataka]  /  -h,  ~ 
attack,  assault. 

axejibe  [AtePye]  n  indecl 
1.  studio  {the  work-room  of 
a  painter,  etc);  2.  {also  -' 
moa)  dressmaking  and  tailor- 
ing establishment. 

axMoc4)epia  [AtmAs^f^era]  / 
-bi  atmosphere. 

axoM  [atam]  m  -a,  -ob  atom. 

axoMHbiH  [atamniy]  a  atom- 
ic; atom  {attr). 

ATC  [A-te-es]  abbrev  (/) 
(=  aBTOMaxH^ecRaH  xejie4)6H- 
HaH  cxaHUHH)  automatic  tele- 
phone exchange. 

axxauie  [AtAshe]  m  indecl 
attache. 

axxecxax  [At^i^stat,  -d|  m 
-a,  -OB  certificate  {an  educa- 
tional document);  ~  spejiocxH 
school -leaving  certificate. 

ayAHx6pH|j!  [Aud^itor^iya] 
/  -H,  -H  1.  lecture-hall;  class- 
-room;  2.    audience   {people). 

ayKUHOH  [Auktjlon]  m  -a, 
-OB  auction;  npo^axb  c  ~a 
sell  at  an  auction. 

a(})raH|eu  [Avgan^its,  -dz] 
m  -ua,   -ucB  Afghan. 

a(l)raHCK|HH  fAvgansk^'iyl  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Afghan. 

a(J)Hiii|a  [Af'ishQl  /  -h,  ^ 
(play)bill,  placard. 

a(l)pHKaH|eu  [Afr'ikan^itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ucB  African. 


act)p 


a4)pHKaHCK;HH  "[Afr'^ikan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  African. 

axa|Tb  [akhat'']  imperf  -lo, 
-eiiib,  axH  yxb  [akhnut'"]  perf 
-y,  -eiiJb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  co/ 
gasp  {with  surprise);  sigh 
(ay/Y/i  regret). 

aapo...  first  element  of  com- 


pounds pertaining  to  aviation: 
aspoHaBTHKa-  [AerAnaft^ika] 
aeronautics;  asponopi  [AerA- 
port,   -d]  airport. 

aapojipoM  [AerAdrom]  m  -a, 
-OB  airfield. 

aapocTax  [AerAstat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  balloon. 


6  see  6bi. 

6a6ia    [baba]    /  -bi,   —  col 
1.  woman;  2.  fig  sissy; 
<>  cHeJKHaji  —a    snow    man. 

6a6|HH  [bab'^iy]  a  -bH,  -be, 
-bH  col  womanish,  women's; 
<>  —bejiero  Indian  summer. 

6d6oH|Ka  [babach^ka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  butterfly;  HOMHan  — Ka 
moth. 

6a6ym|Ka  [babushka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  grandmother. 

6ara)K  [bAgash,  -zh]  m  -a 
luggage,  baggage;  cj^aeaTb  se- 
iu,H  B  —  have  one's  luggage 
registered. 

^arpoBJbiH  [bAgrovty]  a 
sh  f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  crimson. 

6a3|a  [baza]  /  -bi,  ~  base, 
basis;  aBHauHOHHan  [soeHHo- 
-MOpcKan]  ~a  air  [naval] 
base;  TypHCTCKan  -~a  tourist 
camp;  MaiepHajibHan  ~a  ma- 
terial resources;  Ha  ~e  Ha- 
yqubix  flaHHbix  on  the  basis 
of  scientific  data. 

6a.3ap  [bAzar]  m  -a,  -oe 
1.  market  {1)  buying  and 
selling;  2)  the  place);  2,  fig 
col  row,  uproar. 


6aHflap|Ka  [bAydarka] /-kh, 
-OK  kayak. 

6aHK]a  [bayka]  /  -h  flan- 
nelette. 

faK  I  [bak,  -g]  m  -a,  -oe 
tank,  cistern. 

6aK  II  [bak,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
naut  forecastle. 

6aKajieHHlbiH  [bakAl^eyniy] 
a:  ~ biH  MarasHH  grocery  (shop); 
—  bie  TOEapbi  groceries. 

Sanajie  51  [bakAi^eya]  /  -h 
1.  groceries;  2.  grocery  (shop). 

CaKTepHOJiorH  Ji  [bakt^ir'^iA- 
log'^iya]     /    -ii    bacteriology. 

SaKxepHJH  [bAkt^er^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  bacterium. 

6aji  [bal]  m  -a,  pi  -bi,  -6b 
ball  (a  formal  social  dance);  ~- 
-MacKapa/l  fancy-ball. 

6ajiajiaMK|a  [baUlayka]  / 
-H.  6aJiaJiaeK  balalaika  (a  Rus- 
sian stringed  instrument). 

SajiepHHla  [baPi^r'^ina]  / 
-bi,  ■—  ballerina,  ballet-danc- 
er. 

6ajieT  [bAl^'et,  -d]  m  -a  bal- 
let. 

6aji|Ka  I  [balka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
beam^  girder. 


—  9  — 


6ap 


SajiJKa  II  [balk9]  /  -kh,  -ok 
ravine. 
CajiKOH   [bAlkon]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  balcony;  2.  theat  upper 
circle. 

6^jiji  [bal]  m  -a,  -ob  1.:  Be- 
Tep  B  mecTb  -^ob  wind  force  6; 

2.  mark,    grade    {at   school); 

3.  point  {in  game  scores). 
GaJiJiOTHploBaTbCJi  [balAt^i- 

ravattsa]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yeiiib- 
CH,  p  -OBaJicH,  -OBaJiacb,  imp 
-yftcH,  -yHTecb  be  a  candidate 
(for  election);  run,  stand  {for 
an  office). 

GajijOBaTb  [balAvat^]  /mper/ 
-yio,  -yeiub,  p  -OBaJi,  imp 
-yft,  H3':6ajiOBaTb  [izbalA- 
vat^]  perf  spoil,  humour. 

6aji|oBaTbCH  [balAvattsa] 
imperf  -yrocb,  -yembCH,  p 
-OBaJicH,  -OBaJiacb,  imp  -yncH, 
-yftxecb  be  mischievous,  be 
naughty;  He  —yflcH  don't  be 
naughty. 

6aM€yK  [bAmbuk,  -gj  m  -a 
bamboo. 

6aHaH  [bAuan]  m  -a,  -ob 
banana. 

faHflepoJijb  [ban^d^i^rol^]  / 
-H,  -eft  postal  packet;  oxnpa- 
BHTb  ~bK)  send  by  book-post. 

6aHAMT  [bAn^d^it,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  bandit,  cutthroat. 

6aHK  [bank,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
fin  bank. 

eanlKa  [banks]  /  -kh,  -ok 
1.  jar  {of  glass);  tin  {a  con- 
tainer); ^Ka  BapeHbH  pot  of 
jam;  KOHcepBHan  — Ka  {empty) 
tin;  US  can;  —  Ka  cap;i,HH  tin 
/  can  of  sardines;  2.  med  cup- 
ping-glass;    nOCTaBHTb     ~KH 

apply  cupping-glasses. 


GaHKCT  [bAuk^et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  banquet,  dinner. 

6aHKHp  [bAnk^ir]  m  -a,  -ob 
banker. 

6aHKp6TCTB|o  [bAnkrotjt- 
V8]  n  -a,  -~  bankruptcy  {also 

fig)- 

6aHT  [bant,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
bow  {a  kind  of  knot);  saBH- 
3aTb  —  OM  tie  in  a  bow. 

GaHJH  [ban^a]  /  -h,  -b  bath- 
-house. 

6apa6aH  [barAban]  m  -a, 
-OB  drum  {!)  a  percussion  in- 
strument; 2)  a  metal  spool  or 
cylinder). 

6apa6aH|HTb  [barAban^it^] 
imperf  -k),  -Hiiib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  drum,  beat  a  drum;  beat 
a  devil's  tattoo;  —htb  na 
poHJie  col  thump  on  the  piano. 

6apa6aHiij,HK  [barAban^- 
sh^:ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  drum- 
mer, a  drum  player. 

6apaK  [bArak,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
temporary  wooden  structure, 
barrack;  barracks. 

6apaH  [bAran]  m  -a,  -oe 
ram  {a  male  sheep). 

6apaHMHJa  [bAran^ina]  /  -bi 
mutton. 

6apaH|Ka  [bAranka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  baranka  {a  ring-shaped 
roll). 

6ap»}a  [barzha]  /  -h,  ~  & 
6a.pm\si  [bArzha]  /  -h,  -en 
barge  (a  large,  flat-bottomed 
boat): 

SapHTOH  [bar^iton]  m  -a, 
-OB  baritone. 

^apoMexp  [bArom^itr]  m  -a, 
-OB  barometer. 

6appHKaA|a  [bar^ikada]  / 
-bi,  ^  barricade. 


6ap 


10 


SapcyK  [bArsiik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  zool  badger. 

6apxaT  [barkhat,  -d]  m  -a 
velveL 

6apbep  [bAryer]  m  -a,  -ob 
barrier  {also  fig). 

6ac  [bas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  bass;  roBopHTb  ~om  speak 
in  a  bass  /  deep  voice. 

SacKCTeoji  [bask^i^dbol]  m 
-a  basketball. 

SacHOCJioBH  biH  [basoAslov- 
nty]  a  sh  f  6acHocJi6BeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  col  fabulous  {immense); 
no  —OH  uene  at  a  fabulous 
price. 

6ac|HJi  [bas^n^a]  /  -hh,  -eH 
1.  fable;  2.  fig  cock-and- 
-buU  story; 

<>    COJlOBbJI     ~HJ1MH      He      KOp- 

MJiT  prov  =  fair  words  but- 
ter no  parsnips. 

eacccHH  [bAs^eyn]  m  -a, 
-ob:  —  A-^H  uJiaBaHHH  swim- 
ming-pool; ~  peKH  river 
basin;  KaMeHHoyrojibHbifl  -^ 
coal-field. 

6acT|oBaTb  [bastAvat^]  im- 
perf -yK>,  -yeiiib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp 
-yft  strike,  be  on  strike,  be 
out. 

SarajibOH  [batAl^yon]  m  -a, 
-OB  mil  battalion;  cipeJiKO- 
BbiH   —  infantry  battalion. 

Saxapelji  [batAr^eya]  /  -h, 
-H  battery  {also  mil);  — h 
napOBoro  OTonjieHHH  radiator; 
SJieKTpHMecKan  —h  electric 
battery,  dry  pile;  —h  cyxHX 
ejieMCHTOB  dry  battery. 

eaioH  [bAton]  m  -a,  -ob 
loaf  {of  bread). 

6axpOM|a  [bakhrAma]  /  -bi 
Cringe  {trimming). 


6au]KMp  [bAshk^ir]  m  -a 
-OB  Bashkir. 

6auiKMpcK|HH  [bAshk^ir 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Bash- 
kir. 

6aiiiMaK  H  [bashmAk^i]  p, 
-OB  {sing  6aiuMaK  m  -a)  shoes 
boots; 

■0  6biTb  noA  ~6m  y  Koro-Ji. 
col  be  under  smb's  thumb. 

6auj|HJi  [bashn^a]  /  -hh 
-en  tower. 

6aflH  [bAyan]  m  -a,  -oi 
Russian  accordion. 

6flHTejibH|biH  [bdit^iPniy 
a  sh  f  CAHiejien,  -a,  -o,  -t 
vigilant. 

6er  [b'^ek,  -g]  m  -a  run 
running;  sport  (foot-)race;  - 
Ha  CTO  MCTpOB  100  m(eters  1 
(flat)  race;  cociHsanHH  b  — ! 
foot-race;  6apbepHbiH  -~  hur 
die-race;     -—     no    nepeceMen- 

HOH       MeCTHOCTH        CrOSS-COUH 

try  race;  3CTa4)eTHbiH  ~  re 
lay-race;  —  Ha  Mecxe  mark 
ing  time. 

6erla  [b^i^ga]  pi  -6i 
(horse-)race. 

eerjaxb  [b^egat^]  imper 
-aio,  -aeuib  [cf  6e/KaTb  1 
1.  run  {on  the  feet);  --aTi 
HaneperoHKH  race  with  ont 
another;  run  a  race  {wit! 
smb);  2.:  y  Hero  rJiaaa  --aio- 
he  has  shifty  eyes. 

^ercMOT  [b^ig^i^mot,  -d]  n 
-a,  -ob  hippopotamus. 

eerH  [b^i^g^i]    see  6e}KaTb 

eerjieu  [b^'i^gl^ets,  -dz]  n 
-a,  -6b  fugitive,  runaway. 

6erJibifi  [b^egliy]  a  \.  {alst 
used  as  a  noun  6  e  r  Ji  |  bi  h  r/ 
oro,    -bix)   fugitive;   -'  npe. 


II 


6e3 


CTynHHK  fugitive  from  justice; 
2.  fluent  {speech,  etc);  3.  su- 
perficial, cursory,  brief;  6p6- 
CHTb  --  BSFJiHA  glance  (at)  in 
passing;  shoot  a  look  /  glance 
{at). 

CeroM  [b'^i^gom]  adv  at  a 
run;  running;  oh  npH6e>Kaji 
—  he  came  running. 

SercTBlo  [b^ekstva]  n  -a 
flight,  hasty  retreat,  escape. 

6ery  [b^i^gu],  Ceryx  [b^i^- 
gut,  -d]  see  6e)KaTb. 

6eryH  [b^i^giin]  m  -a,  -6b 
sport  runner. 

6ejK\A  [b'i^da]  /  -bi,  pi  6eAbi, 
— ,  6eAaM  misfortune,  trou- 
ble; nonacTb  b  — -y  find  oneself 
in  trouble;  b  t6m-to  h  -^a 
that's  just  the  trouble; 
<>  HC  —a  it  doesn't  matter; 
Ha  ~y  unfortunately. 

6eflH0CTlb  [b^ednas't'', 

-z^d'']  /  -H  poverty. 

CeAHOTJa  [b^iduAta]  /  -bi 
the  poor,  the  destitute;  ^epe- 
seHCKaH  ---a  the  village  poor. 

6eAH|biH  [b^edniy]  a  sh  f 
6eAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  poor 
(/)  not  rich;  2)  unfortunate); 
--an  oScraHOBKa  cheap  and 
scanty  furnishings;  —an  ^au- 
TasHH  poor  imagination. 

eeflp|6  [b^iMro]  n  -a,  pi 
6eApa,  6eAep,  6eflpaM  thigh; 
hip. 

GeACTBHiC  [b^etst^v^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  calamity,  disaster;  cth- 
XHHHoe  — e  natural  calamity; 
CHFHaji  ~H  signal  of  distress. 

6em\aTb  [b'i^zhat'']  imperf 
6ery,  -Hiub,  6eryT,  p  -aJi,  imp 
6erH  a  concrete  movement  in  a 
definite  direction  —  1  [cf  Ce- 


ra ib  1]  1.  run  {on  the  feet); 
^aib  CJIOMH  roJiOBy  run  like 
mad;  ^axb  pbicbio  trot;  2.: 
BpcMH  — HT  time  flies;  3.  col 
run  /  boil  over;  mojioko  -^ht 
the  milk  is  boiling  over. 

eejKCHleu  [b^'ezhan^itj,  -4?] 
m  -ua,  -ucB  refugee. 

663  [b^'es;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  b^i^s,  -z;  in 
the  second  and  other  pretonic 
positions  —  b^ls,  -z;  in  a  stress- 
ed position  —  b^es,  -z],  6e30 
[b^ez9;  in  the  first  pretonic 
position  —  b^izA;  in  the  second 
and  other  pretonic  positions  — 
b^iza]  prep  with  gen  denoting 
1.  the  absence  of,  lack  of, 
not  having:  -^  MaxepH  with- 
out (his,  her,  etc)  mother; 
^  Hero  without  him;  in  his 
absence;  —  jxeuer  without 
(any)  money;  ^^  comhckhh 
without  /  beyond  doubt,  un- 
doubtedly; 6e3  xoJiKy  to  no 
purpose;  6e3o  Bcero  without 
anything;  2.  the  fact  that 
a  time  or  number  is  not 
reached:  ~  ABa^uaxH  xpH 
twenty  minutes  to  three;  '-' 
AByx  MecHucB  xpH  roAa  two 
months  short  of  three  years. 

663...,  6ec...  pref  of  nouns 
&  adjectives  denoting  the  state 
of  being  deprived  of,  lack'  of, 
etc:  6e3BpeAHbifl  [b^'i^zvr^ed- 
nty]  harmless;  desajiKorojib- 
HUH  [b^izalkAgol^niy]  non- 
-alcoholic;  6e3BKycHua  [b^i^s- 
fkus^itsa]  lack  of  taste,  bad 
taste;  6e3Jii6AHHH  [b**i®zl^ud- 
niy]  uninhabited;  thinly  po- 
pulated; solitary,  lonely. 

6e36ojie3HeHH|i}iH     [b^'lzbA- 


6e3 


12 


Pez^n^'inniy]  a  sh  f  6e36ojie3- 
HCH,  -a,    -o,  -bi  painless. 

6e3BKycH|biH  [b^i^sfkusnty] 
a  sh  f  SesBKvceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
tasteless. 

eeSBOSBpaTH'blH         [b^lZVAZ- 

vratnty]  a  sh  f  SesBOSBpaxeH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  1.  irrevocable,  ir- 
retrievable; 2.:  -~aH  ccy^a 
free  grant. 

CeSBOBMeSilHO  [b^lZVAZ- 

m^ezna]  adv  gratis,  free  of 
charge. 

6e3BbixoAHibiH[b^i^zvikh9d- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6e3BbixoAeH  -a, 
-o,  -bi  hopeless,  desperate 
{position,  etc). 

6e3rpaHHMH  biM  [b^izgrA- 
n^ich^niy]  ash  f  6e3rpaHHMeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  infinite,  boundless. 

6e3flapHJbiH  [b^'i^zdarniy]  a 
sh  f  6e3AapeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  un- 
talented;  worthless  [painter, 
book,  etc). 

6e3fleHCTB|oBaTb  [b^i^z^- 
d^eystyvat'']  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yu  be 
inactive,  be  inoperative,  do 
nothing. 

6e3Ae;iyiii  I Ka  [b^iz^d^i^lush- 
ka]  /  -KH,  -eK  trinket;  knick- 
-knack. 

6e3AejibKHK  [b^i^z^d^el^- 
n^'ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  col  idler, 
good-for-nothing. 

6e3]iejibHMM|aTb[b^i^z^d''el''- 
n'^ich'^at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub 
col  idle,  loaf. 

SesAHJa  [b^'ezna]  /  -bi,  ~ 
1.  abyss;  2.  col  a  great  num- 
ber/amount {of);  ~a  paSoTbi 
lots  of  work   (to  do). 

6e3iKa.JiocTH|biH  [b*'i^zh:a- 
lesnty]   a  sh  f  6e3>Ka/iocTeH, 


-a,  -o,  -bi  ruthless;  pitiless, 
merciless. 

6e3)KH3HeHH|biH  [b^'i^zhifz''- 
n^inniy]  a  sh  f  6e3/Kr]3HeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  lifeless,   dead. 

6e33aC;6TH|biH  [b^izzAbot- 
niy]  a  sh  f  CessaSoxeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  light-hearted;  care- 
-free,  untroubled. 

6e33aBeTH!biH  [b^izzAV^et- 
nty]  a  sh  f  6e33aBeTeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  selfless,  whole-hearted 
{love,  devotion,  etc). 

6e3JiHHH|biH  [b^i^z^Pich''- 
niy]  a  sh  f  SesjiHqen,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  impersonal. 

•  CesMOJiBHlbiH  [b^i^zmolv- 
niy]  a  sh  f  gesMOJiBCH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  silent,  mute;  ~aH  HOMb 
still  night. 

6e3MsiTe«H|biH  [b^izm^i^- 
t^ezhniy]  a  sh  f  6e3MHTeHieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  peaceful,  tranquil; 
happy  {childhood,  dreams,  etc). 

6e3HaAe>KHibiH  [b^izuAd^ozh- 
niy]  a  s/z  /  6e3HaAe»LeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  hopeless,  past  hope. 

SeSHpaBCTBCHHlblH       [b^i^z- 

nrafs^t^v'^mniy]  a  sh  f  6e3- 
upaBCTBeH,  -a,  -o, -bi  immoral 
{conduct,  etc);  dissolute  {per- 
son). 

6630  see  6e3. 

6e3o6HAH|biH  [b^iZAb'^idniy] 
a  sh  f  6e3o6HAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
harmless  {joke,    remark,  etc). 

6e3o6pa3H|e  [b^izAbraz^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  ugliness;  deformi- 
ty; 2.  outrage,  disgraceful 
behaviour/  practices; 
«0  3T0  npocTO  ~e!  it's 
simply  a  disgrace!;  mto  aa 
~e!  what  a  shame! 

ee3o6pa3HHHlaTb        [b^'iZA- 


—  13 


6eji 


braz^n^ich^'at'']  imperf  -aio, 
-aeiub  col  behave  outrageous- 
ly/disgracefully. 

6e3o6pa3H|biH  [H^izAbraz- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6e3o6pa3eH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  ugly,  hideous,  de- 
formed; 2.  disgraceful,  out- 
rageous; ~^biH  nocTynoK  a 
disgraceful  thing  to  do. 

6e3oroB6pOMHlbiH  [b^izagA- 
v6r9ch^ntyl  a  sh  f  desoroBO- 
poMeH,  -a,  -o,  -h\  unqualified, 
unconditional;  --aH  KanHxy- 
jiHUHH  unconditional  surren- 
der. 

eesrnacHOCTJb  [b^lzApas- 
nas^t^,  -z^'d^]  /  -h  safety;  se- 
curity {freedom  from  danger). 

6e3onacH|biH  [b^izApasnty] 
a  sh  f  6e3onaceH.  -a,  -o,  -bi 
safe  {place,  etc). 

6e30TBeTCTBeHHlbIH    [b^IZAt- 

v^etjtv^inniy]  a  sh  f  6e30T- 
BeicTBeH,  -a,,  -o,  -h  irresponsi- 
ble (s/a^emen/,  behaviour,  etc). 

SespaCoTHUja  [b^izrAbot^i- 
tsa]  /  -bi  unemployment. 

6e3pa66TH|biH  [b^izrAbot- 
nly]  a  {also  used  as  a  noun 
6e3pa66THlbiH  m  -oro, 
-bix)  unemployed. 

6e3pa3JiHHH|biH  [b^izrAz''- 
Pich^niy]  a  sh  f  6e3pa3JiH- 
^eH,-a,  -o,  -bi  indifferent,  list- 
less. 

6e3paccyAH|  biH  [b^izrAssud- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6e3paccyAeH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  rash,  reckless. 

6e3yKOpH3HeHHlbIH       [b^izu- 

kAr^iz^n^inniy]  a  sh  f  6e3- 
yKopH3HeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  irre- 
proachable, perfect;  —oe  no- 
Be^eHHe  unimpeachable  con- 
duct. 


6e3yMH;biH  [b^i^zumniy]  a 
sh    f    6e3yMeH,     -a,    -o,     -u 

1.  reckless  {headstrong  and 
irresponsible);  -~^biH  nocTynoK 
an  act  of  folly;  2.  col  dread- 
ful, terrible;  3.  col  mad,  crazy; 
■— biH  BsrjiHA  wild  look;  —biii 
npoeKT  crazy  /  hare-brained 
project. 

6e3ynpeMH|biH  [b^lzup- 

r^ech^nly]  a  sh  f  6e3ynpeHeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  irreproachable, 
faultless  {work,  reputation, 
etc). 

6e3ycji6BHO  [b^izuslovna]  I 
adv    undoubtedly,    absolute- 

ly; 

II  parenthoi  course;  certain- 
ly;  OH,  ~,  np:B  of  course  he 
is  right. 

6e3y--TacTH|biH  [b^izuch^as- 
nly]  a  sh  f  6e3yqacTeH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  apathetic,   indifferent, 

6e3biAeHH|biH  [b^izid^ey- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6e3biAeeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  devoid  of  principles  and 
ideals. 

6eH  [b'ey]  see  6HTb. 

eeficji  [b^eys^a],  eefiTecb 
[b^eyt^'is^,  -z'^j  see  6HTbCH. 

gejiifjia  [b^'i^l^'ila]  pi  6e- 
jiHJi  1.:  CBHHuoBbie  —  while 
lead;  uHHKOBbie  ^  zinc  white; 

2.  ceruse  {a  cosmetic). 
6eji|HTb    [b^i^l^it^]    imperf 

-K),      CeJIHUIb     (-HlUb),     p     -HJI, 

imp  -H,  no  j  6ejiiiTb  [pab^i^- 
Pit^l  perf  whitewash  {walls, 
etc). 

SejilKa  [b^elka]  /  -kh,  ^ok 
squirrel. 

6ejiJieTpHCTHKla  [b^il^i^tr'i- 
s^t^ika]  /  -H  fiction,  belles- 
-lettres. 


6eji 


14 


6eji|6K  [b'^i^lok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  1.  white  {of  the  eye,  of 
an  egg)',  2.  biol,  chem  albu- 
men; protein. 

6ejioKyp|biH  [b^ilAkuriy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -u  blond, 
fair. 

Ccjiopyc  [b^iUrus,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  Byelorussian. 

6ejiopyccK|HH  [b^iUrusk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Byelorussian. 

6ejiyrla  [b^i^lugg]  /  -h,  ~ 
white  sturgeon. 

6ejilbiH  [b^elty]  a  sh  f  ^, 
-a,  -o  (-6),  -bi  (-bi).  white 
{colour); 

<>  ~biH  rpH6  edible  boletus 
(a  mushroom);  —-bih  MeAeeAb 
Polar  bear;  —aa  ropHMKa  de- 
lirium tremens;  cpcflb  ~aflHJi 
in  broad  daylight;  aro  iuhto 
-^biMH  HHTKaMH  col  that  is 
easily  seen   through. 

6ejibrH|eu[b^i^l''g^iyats,  -dz] 
m  -Hua,    -HueB    Belgian. 

6ejibrHHCK|HH  [b^'i^l^g^'iy- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,   He  Belgian. 

6ejib|e  [b^i^l^yo]  n  -h  linen 
{underclothes,  sheets,  etc); 
washing  {linen  sent  to  the 
wash);  HH^nee  —e  underwear; 
nocTCJibHoe  ~e  bed-linen. 

6ejibM|6  [b^'i^l^mo]  n  -a,  pi 
6eJibMa,   ^  wall-eye; 
<^  KaK    —6  Ha  rjiasy  like  an 
eyesore. 

6ejib3Ta}K  [b''i^l''etash,  -zh] 
m  -a  1.  first  floor;  2.  theat 
dress  circle. 

6eH3HH  [b*'i^n''z^in]  m  -a 
benzine,  petrol;  US  gas. 

6eper  [b^er^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  bank  {of  a  river); 
shore,    coast,    beach;   na  ^y 


peKH  on  the  riverside;  cohth 
Ha  —  go  ashore;  noexaxb  na 
~  MOpH  go  to  the  seaside. 

6eperoB|6H  [b^ir^igAvoy]  a 
waterside;  riverside;  coastal; 
--aH  jihhhh  coastline. 

6epeiKjiMB|biH  [b^ir^'i^zhPi- 
viy]  a  sh  /  ~,  -a,  -o,  -u 
thrifty,  economical. 

6epe}KH|biH  [b^er^izhniy]  a 
sh  f  6epeH<eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  care- 
ful, cautious;  ^oe  oTHome- 
HHe  careful  handling  {of 
things);  showing  utmost  con- 
sideration {for  people). 

6epe3|a  [b^i^r^oza]  /  -bi,  ^ 
birch;  KapejibCKan  ^-a  silver 
birch. 

6epeMeHHafl      [b^'i^r^em^'m- 
naya]  I  a  pregnant; 
II    as   a    noun     6  e  p  e  m  e  h- 
H  I  a  H  /    -OH,    -bix    expectant 
mother. 

6ep|eHb  [b^i^r^'ech*']  imperf 
-ery,  -en^emb,  -eryr,  p  -er, 
-erjia,  imp  -ern  1.  save  {pre- 
vent against  expense,  loss,  or 
waste);  spare  {avoid  using  or 
use  frugally);  — eMb  a^opoBbe 
take  care  of  one's  health; 
~e^b  CHJibi  spare  strength; 
^e^h  aeHbPH  economize;  2. 
spare  {save  from  pain,  harm, 
or  misfortune); 

<>  ~eHb  KaK  scHHuy  oKa 
guard  as  the  apple  of  one's 
eye, 

6ep|eHbCJi  [b''i^r''ech''s''a] 
imperf  -erycb,  -e>KembCH, 
-eryiCH,  p  -ercH,  -erJiacb,  imp 
-ePHCb,  -erHTecb:  --erH(Te)cb! 
look  out!,  beware!;  ~erH- 
(Te)cb  aBTOMo6HJiH!  watch  out 
for  the  carl,  mind  the  carl 


15  -- 


6ec 


6epH  [b^i^r^I]  see  6paTb. 

6epHCb  [b^i^r^is'*,  -z^],  6e- 
pHxecb  [b^'i^r^it^is^,  -z^]  see 
dpaxbCH. 

6epji6rla  [b^i^rloga]  /  -h, 
~  den,   lair. 

6epy  [b^i^ru],  6epeuib  [b^'i^- 
rMsh,  -zh]  see  6paTb. 

6epycb  [b^i^rus^,  -z^],  6e- 
peiubcfl  [b'^i^r^dshs^'a]  see 
6paTbCH.     ,- 

6ec...  see  6e3... 

SeceAJa  [b^i^s^eda]  /  -h.  -- 

1.  talk,  conversation;  AeJioeaa 
—  a  business  talk;  ApyJKecKan 
—a  friendly  talk  /  chat;  saAy- 
uieBHaH  ~a  heart-to-heart 
talk;  2.  debate,  discussion; 
npoBecTH  -—y  hold  a  discus- 
sion; give  a  talk. 

6eceA|Ka  [b^i'^s^etka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  summer-house,  arbour, 
bower. 

6eceA|oBaTb  [b^i^s^edavat^] 
Imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yft  talk  {with,  to). 

eec|HTb  [b^i^s^it^]  imperf 
6emy,  6ecHiub,  p  -hji.  imp  -ri, 
B3i6ecMTb  [vzb^i^s^it^]  perf 
enrage,  infuriate,  madden. 

6ec|HTbC5i  [b^i^s^lttsa]  /m- 
pe/-/,6emycb,  6ecHiiibC5i,  p  -hji- 
ca,  -HJiacb,  /mp  -HCb,  -Hiecb, 
B3:6ecHTbcsi  [vzb^i^s^ittja] 
perf  1.  go  mad,  become  rabid; 

2.  fig  rage,  be  in  rage;  perf 
also  get /fly  into  a  rage,  get 
wild. 

6ecK0HeMH|biH  [b^iskAn^e- 
ch^niy]  a  sh  f  6eCK0HeqeH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  endless,  intermi- 
nable, eternal,  perpetual; 
~oe  npocTpaHCTBo  infinite 
space. 


SecnapTHHHHH  [b^ispArt**iy- 
niy]  I  a  non-party; 
1 1  as  a  noun  6ecnapTHfi- 
H  I  u  H  m  -oro,  -bix  non-party 
man. 

6ecne4H|biH  [b^i^sp^ech^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  Cecne^eH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  light-hearted,  carefree 
{person,  life,  etc). 

6ecnjiaTH|biM  [b^i^splatnty] 
a  sh  f  6ecnJiaTeH,  a,  -o,  -u 
free  (of  charge);  --bm  Chjict 
complimentary  ticket;  —Mfi 
BXOA  free  admission. 

6ecnji6flH|biH  [b^i^splod- 
niy]  a  sh  f  SecnjioAen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  barren,  sterile  {soil, 
etc)',  2.  fig  vain,  futile  {at- 
tempt, effort,  etc). 

SecnoBopOTHlbiH  [b**ispavA- 
rotniy]  a  sh  f  SecnoBOpoTCH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  final,  irrevocable 
{decision,    etc). 

6ecnoK6iHTb  [b^ispAkoif*] 
imperf  -lo,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  disturb,  troulide,  bother; 
He  HaAo  ~HTb  ero  no  TaKHM 
nycTHKaw  don't  bother  him 
with  such  trifles;  2.  worry 
{cause  anxiety);  make  anxious 
/  uneasy. 

6ecnoK6{HTbcsi  [b^ispAko- 
ittsa]  imperf  -locb,  -HuibCH, 
p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -Pica y 
-HTecb  1.  worry,  feel  anx- 
ious /  uneasy;  oh  ^htch  o  3ao- 
poBbe  MaTepH  he  is  anxious 
for  his  mother's  health;  2. 
bother  {trouble  oneself). 

GecnoKOHHlwH  [b^'ispAkoy- 
nly]  a  sh  f  decnoKoen,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  uneasy,  restless,  per- 
turbed; 2.  troublesome  Xper- 
son,  etc). 


6ec 


16 


decnojiesHlbiH  [b^ispAl^ez- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6ecnoJie3eH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  useless,  of  no  avail; 
—  aH  Tpara  BpeMCHH  waste  of 
time. 

6ecn6MOiij,HlbiH  [b^i^spo- 
inash*':niy]  a  sh  f  6ecn6MO- 
mcH,  -a,  -0,  -u  helpless;  im- 
potent, feeble. 

SecnopflfljOK  [b'lspAr^adak, 
-g]  m  -Ka,  pi  -kh,  -kob  1.  dis- 
order, confusion;  2.  pi  disor- 
ders, riots. 

SecnocaAOHHbiH  (b^ispAsa- 
dach^nty]  a:  --  nepejiex  non- 
-stop  flight. 

6ecnoiu,aAHlbiM  [b^ispA- 

sh^:adnty]  a  sh  f  6ecnoma- 
ACH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  merciless, 
ruthless. 

6ecnpaBHlbiH  [b^'i^spravniy] 
a  sh  f  decnpaBCH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
rightless,  without  any  rights. 

6ecnpepbiBH|biH  [b^ispr'^i^- 
rtvniy]  a  sh  f  SecnpepbiBen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  continuous,  inces- 
sant. 

6ecnpH36pHluH  [b^ispr^'izor- 
n*y]  a  sh  f  6ecnpH36peH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  homeless  {children,  etc)\ 
neglected  {household,  etc). 

6ecnpHMepH|biH  [b^ispr^i- 
m^erniy]  a  s/i /6ecnpHMepe4, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  unexampled,  un- 
paralleled. 

6ecnyTH|biH  [b^i^sputnty] 
a  sh  f  SecnyieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
dissolute,  dissipated. 

6eccHJibH[biH  [b^'i^s^'s^il^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  6eccH.aeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  weak,  feeble;  2.  power- 
less, impotent. 

SeccMepTHlbiii  [b'^i^ssm^ert- 
nty]  a  sh  f   6eccMepTen,  -a, 


-o,    -bi    immortal;     undying 
{glory,  etc). 

6eccMbicjieHH|biH  [b^i^ssmt- 
s^Pinniy]  a  sh  f  6eccMbicjieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  senseless,  meaning- 
less; ~biH  BsrjiHA  vacant 
stare. 

SeccoBecTHibiH  [b^'i^ssov'^is- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6ecc6BecTeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  unscrupulous,  shame- 
less. 

6ecco3HaTejibH|biH  [b^issAZ- 
naf'il^nty]  a  sh  f  6ecco3Ha- 
TCJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  unconscious 
(/)  deprived  of  conscious- 
ness; 2)  unintentional);  6hnh 
B  --0M  cocTOflHHH  be  uncou- 
scious;  ~biH  jKecT  ungoverned 
gesture. 

eeccoHHHula  [b^i^sson^n^'i- 
ts9]  /  -bi  sleeplessness,  in- 
somnia. 

eeccnopHO  [b^i^ssporna]  I 
adv  undisputably,  undoubt- 
edly; 

II  parenth  to  be  sure;  beyond 
question. 

eeccpoHH'ibiH  [b^'i^ssroch^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  6eccp6qeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  termless  {treaty,  etc);  per- 
manent {passport,  etc). 

6eccTbiAHlbiH  [b'^i^sstidniy] 
a  sh  f  6eccTbiAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
shameless,  brazen;  — bifl  no- 
CTynoK  a  shameless  thing 
to  do. 

6ecTaKTH0CTlb  [b^i^stakt- 
nas^t^,  -z'^d'']  /  -h,  -eft  tact- 
lessness; piece  of  tactless- 
ness; AonycTHTb  ~b  make  a 
tactless  blunder. 

6ecTaKTH|biH  [b^'i^staktniy] 
a  sh  f  6ecTaKTeH,  -a,  o,  -bi 
tactless, 


-  17  - 


6hji 


6ecTOJiK6B|biH  (b''istAlk6- 
viy]  a  s/i  /  --,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  stupid;  ~biH  MeJiOBCK 
muddle-head;  2.  incoherent 
{speech,  report,  etc). 

6ecxapaKTepH|biH  [b^iskhA- 
rakt^'irnty]  a  sh  f  decxapaK- 
TepeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  weak-willed, 
spineless. 

eeCXOSHHCTBCHHOCxIb    [b^IS- 

khAZ^ays^t^v^inn9s''t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H  careless  and  wasteful 
management;  wastefulness. 

6eci^BeTH|biH  [b^i^stsv^'et- 
nty]  a  sh  f  6ecu,BeTeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  colourless  {also  fig). 

6eci](ejibH|biH  [b^i^stsePniy] 
a  sh  f  6ecuejieH,  -a.  -o,  -u 
aimless;  idle  {useless);  ^bift 
cnop  pointless  argument;  ~bie 
paaroBopbi  idle  talk. 

6ecueHHlbiH  [b^i^stsenniy] 
a  sh  f  6ecueHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
priceless  {precious). 

decucHOK  [b'^i^stjenak,  -g] 
m  col:  3a  ^  cheap^  for  next 
to  nothing;  KynHTb  3a  —  buy 
for  a  song. 

SecHejioeeHHlbiH  [b^'ish^'ch^i- 
lAv^'ech^niy]  a  sh  f  6ecqe- 
Jioeeqen,  -a,  -o  -bi  inhuman, 
brutal. 

6ecMMCJieHH]biH  [b^'i^sh^'ch^i- 
s^l^mniy]  a  sh  f  6ecmiCJieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  countless,  innumer- 
able; ~oeMH6:»cecTBO  infinite 
number  (of);  ~oe  kojih^cctbo 
pas  times  out  of  number; 
~bie  Bonpocbi  a  great  many 
questions. 

6ec»iyBCTBeHH|biH  [b^i^sh''- 
ch*'iis''t^v''mnty]  a  sh  f  6ec- 
HyBCTBeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  insen- 
sible,   unconscious:    b    ^om 


cocTOHHHH  unconscious;  2.  un- 
feeling, callous,  heartless. 

GcTOH  [b^i^ton]  m  -a  con- 
crete. 

GeiueHCTBJo  [b'eshanstva] 
n  -a  \.  med  hydrophobia,  ra- 
bies; 2.  fury,  rage;  npHHXH 
B  ~o  fly  into  a  rage;  ao- 
BecTH  no  —a  enrage,  drive 
wild;  B  —e  in  a  frenzy,  in 
a  rage. 

6euieH|wH  [b^eshaniy]  a 
1.  med  rabid,  mad;  --an  co- 
6aKa  rabid  dog;  2.  furious, 
violent;  excessive;  —bin  tcmh 
furious  pace; 

<>  —we  ACHbrH  easy  money; 
fabulous  sums  of  money; 
--bie  ueHbi  exhorbitant  /  out- 
rageous prices. 

6eiu^  [b^'i^shu]  see  6ecHTb. 

Seuiycb  [b^i^shus'',  -z^]  see 

6eCHTbCH. 

6H6jiHOTeK|a  [b^'ibl^iAt^eka] 
/  -H,  —  library;  ny^Jimnaa 
—  a  public  library;  ~a-ne- 
pe^BHJKKa  mobile  library. 

6H6jiHOTeKap|b  [b^ibl^'iA- 
t*'ek9r^]  m  -h,  -eft  librarian. 

6ha6h  [b^idon]  m  -a,  -ob 
can  {for  liquids). 

6HeHH|e  [b^iyen^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  beating,  pulsation; 
<>  — e  ]KH3HH    the  throbbing 
of  life. 

6hji     [b^il]  see  6vnh. 

Shjict  [b^il^et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-ob  1.  ticket  {concert,  rail- 
way, etc);  npoesAHOH  ^  ticket 
{for  travelling);  —  ao  KaJiy- 
FH  ticket  to  Kaluga;  —  b 
OAHH  KOHeu  single  ticket;  — 
B  TeaTp  [b  khho]  theatre 
[cinema]  ticket,  ticket  to  the 


enji 


-  IS-- 


theatre  [cinema];  ^  Ha  koh- 
uepT  ticket  for  a  concert; 
2.  card  (a  document,  certifi- 
cate); npo4)coK)3HHft  —  trade- 
-union  card;  MJiencKHH  •— 
membership  card; 
<0>  npHrjiacHxejibHbiH  ~  invi- 
tation card. 

6HJ1CSI  [b^ils^'a],  6Mjiacb 
[hollas*',  -z^]  see  6HTbCH. 

eHHOKjijb  [b^inokl^]  m  -h, 
-eS:  noJiCBOH  — b  field-glass; 
TeaTpaJibiTbiH  — b  opera-glass. 

6hht  [b^int,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
bandage;  HajiojKHib  —  band- 
age, dress. 

SHHTloeaTb  [b^intAvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yH,  3ai6HHTOBaTb  [za- 
b^intAvat'']  perf  bandage, 
dress; 

6Horpa(t)Hlsi  [b^iAgraf^iys] 
/.  -H,  -H  biography. 

CHOJior  [b^'iobk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  biologist. 

6HOJi6rH|$i  [b^iAlog^iya]  f 
-H  biology. 

6HpiKla  [b^irzha]  /  -h,  ~ 
exchange  {the  place  where 
business  is  transacted  by  bro- 
kers, e/c);  4)6HAOBa5i  --a  stock 
exchange;  TOBapHan  --a  com- 
modity exchange;  ~a  Tpy^a 
labour  exchange;  Mepnan  ^a 
illegal  currency  exchange. 

6HpMaHleu  [b^irman^itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ucB  Burmese. 

6HpMaHCK|HH  [b^irmans- 
k**iy]  a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  Burmese. 

6hc  [b'^is,  -z]  int  encore!; 
HcnoJiH^Tb  [nexb,  nrpaxb  u 
m.  n.]  Ha  ~  perform  [sing, 
play,  etc]  an  encore. 

6uTB|a    [b^'itva]    /   -u,    ^ 


battle;  --a  noA  Bopo^HHOM/ 
npH  BopoAHHe  battle  of  Bo- 
rodino; ^a  Ha  MapHC  battle 
on  the  Marne;  ^a  3a  BepJirin 
battle  for  Berlin. 

6htk6m  [b^itkom]  adv:  — 
Ha6HTbift  cram-full,  packed; 
3aJi  6biJi  —  Ha6HT  the  hall 
was  packed  to  capacity. 

6HTb  [b^it^]  imperf  6bio, 
6bemb,  p  6hji,  imp  6eH,  no- 
6H|Tb  [pAb^it**]  perf  no6bK), 
no6beuib,  p  -ji,  imp  no6eH, 
npo6H|Tb  [prAb^it'']  perf  npo- 
6beT,  p  -JI  1.  (no6HTb)  beat, 
thrash,  drub;  2.  {no  perf) 
beat,  strike;  ^  no  JiHuy  strike 
in  /  across  the  face;  ^  b  6a- 
pa6aH  beat  a  drum;  3.  {no 
perf)  fig  combat;  —  no  hcao- 
ciaTKaM  combat  shortcom- 
ings;4.  {no  perf)  slaughter(ca^ 
tie);  5.  (no6HTb)  break  {plates, 
etc);  6.  {no  perf)  gush  out, 
spurt  {of  water,  blood,  etc); 
7.  (npo6HTb)  sound  {alarm); 
strike,  chime;  nacbi  6bioT  ceMt 
the  clock  is  striking  seven; 
—  TpCBory  1)  sound  the  alarm; 
2)  fig  raise  an  alarm;  —  ot- 
66h  1)  mil  give  the  last-post 
signal;  2)  fig  beat  a  retreat; 
<>  —  B  jiaAouiH  clap  one's 
hands;  --  no  KapMany  col  hit 
hard;  cost  a  pretty  penny; 
^  6aK;iyuiH  col  =  twiddle 
one's  thumbs. 

6HTbCJi  [b^ittsa]  imperf 
6bKx:b,  6beuibCH,  p  6hjich,  6h- 
jiacb,  imp  6eHCH,  6eHTecb  1. 
fight,  struggle,  battle;  2. 
knock,  strike,  batter  {against 
smth,  repeatedly);  3.  //^strug- 
gle   {with),    contend    {with); 


--  19  -~ 


6ji€ 


^     HaA     peiueHHeM     aa^a^H 
struggle   with  a  problem;   4. 
beat,  pulsate;   cep^ue   6beTcyi 
the  heart  'is  beating; 
<>  —  06  saKjiaA  bet. 

6h4  [b^ich^,  -j^']  m  -a,  -efi 
1.  whip,  lash;  2.  //gr  scourge. 

6jiar|o  [blaga]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 
'-,  -aM  good  (s/7i//z  contribut- 
ing to  welfare,  happiness,  etc); 
blessing;  MaxepHaJibRbie  ~a 
material  wealth;  ^ejiaw  BaM 
Bcex/BCHKHX  ~  I  wish  you 
the  best  of  luck,  I  wi'sh  you 
every  happiness. 

6jiaroAaplHTb  [blagadAr^it^] 
imperf  -16,   -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  no:6jiaroflapHTb   [pabbga- 
dAr^it^^i    perf    thank; 
<>  ~ib  sac!  thank  you! 

6jiaroAapHOCTlb  [blagAdar- 
nas^'t^,  -z^d'']  /  -h,  pi  -h,  -efi 
1.  gratitude;  qyBCTBO  ~h 
(feeling  of)  gratitude;  ne  cto- 
HT  -—H  don't  mention  it;  2.  pi 
thanks. 

6jiaroflapfl[bl9g8dAr^a]  prep 
with  dat  denoting  reason, 
cause,  dependence  on  smb's 
help  thanks  to;  owing  to;  h 
noJiyqHJi  sry  KHHry  ~  BaM 
I  got  this  book  thanks  to 
you;  ~  xopomeft  noro^e  sk- 
CKypcHH  npoiiijia  y^awHO 
thanks  to  the  fine  weather 
the  excursion  was  a  success; 
-O'  —  TOMy,  HTO...  owing  to 
the  fact  that...,  thanks  to 
the  fact  that... 

6jiaronojiyHH|e  [bbgapAlu- 
ch^'iya]  n  -h  prosperity,  well- 
-being. 

6jiaronojiyHHO  [bbgapA- 
luch^na]    adv   well,  happily, 


safely;  Bce  KonqHJiocb  «-' 
everything  ended  happily/ 
wel  1 . 

6jiarono;iyHH|biH  [blagapA 
luch^niy]  a  sh  f  6jiaronoJiy 
qeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  happy  {end, 
etc)',  safe  {arrival,  etc). 

6jiaronpH^TH|biH  [bbga 
pr^iyatniy]  a  sh  f  6jiaronpHH 
Ten,  -a,  -o,  -bi  favourable 
fair  {weather,  etc). 

6jiaropa3yMHlbiH  [bbgarA 
zumniy]  a  sh  f  6jiaropa3yMeH 
-a,  -o,  -bi  sensible,  reasonable 
prudent. 

6jiarop6flH|biH  [bbgArod 
niy]  a  sh  f  6jiarop6;ieH,  -a 
-o,  -bi  noble  {1)  action,  etc;  2) 
birth,  etc;  3)  metal). 

ejiarocKjiOHHOCTlb  [i)bgA- 
sklonnas'^t'',  -z'^d^]  /  -h  fa- 
vour, goodwill;  npoHBJiHTb 
—b  K  KOMy-ji.  favour  smb; 
noJibsoBaxbCH  qbeft-ji.  —bio 
stand  high  in  smb's    favour. 

6jiarococTO«HHle  [bbgasa- 
stAyan^iya]  n  -h  well-being, 
welfare;  nojiHHTb  -—e  raise 
the  well-being. 

CjiaroycxpoeHHlbiH  [bbga- 
ustroyanniy]  a  [pa]  comfort- 
able, well-appointed;  —an 
iCBapTHpa  well-built  modern 
apartment. 

6jia«eHCTBlo  [blAzhenstva] 
n  -a  bliss;  HcnbiTbmaTb  ~o 
be  in  perfect  bliss;  6biTb  Ha 
Bepxy  —a  =  be  in  the  sev- 
enth heaven. 

6jiaHK  [blank,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
(printed)  form;  hhctbih  — 
blank  form. 

6jieAH|eTb  [bl^'i^dn^et^]  im- 
perf -eio,  -eeiub,   noiSjieAHexb 


6jie 


SO 


[pabl^i^dn^et^]  perf  grow 
pale;  pale  (a/so  fig)\  6jieAHeTb 
OT  CTpaxa  turn  white /pale 
with  fear. 

SjiCAHlbiH  [bl^edniy]  a  sh  f 
6;ieAeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  (-b'l)  pale, 
colourless. 

6jiecK  [bl^esk,  -zg]  m  -a 
1.  brilliance,  brightness;  glit- 
ter {of  metals);  2.  fig  bril- 
liance (0/  the  mind,  etc). 

6jiecH!yTb  [bl'^i^snut^]  perf 
-y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -\\  flash 
{also  fig);  ^yjia  mojihhh  the 
lightning  flashed;  --yxb  sna- 
HHHMH  make  a  brilliant  dis- 
play of  one's  knowledge; 
y  Hero  ^yjia  MbicJib  an  idea 
flashed  across  his  mind;y  Hero 
'-yjia  HaAejK^a  there  was  a 
flash  /  ray  of  hope. 

ejiecTJexb  [bl^'i^s^t^et^] 
imperf  6jiemy,  -Huib  (6jie- 
meiub),  p  -eji,  imp  -h  sparkle, 
shine  {also  fig);  glitter  {of 
metals,  etc);  oh  He  Sjiemex 
yMOM  he  is  no  genius. 

6jiecTHm]HH  [bl^i^s^t^a- 
sh^'iiy]  a  [pa]  -aH,  -ee,  -He 
brilliant  {also  fig);  --ne  r;ia- 
3a  sparkling  eyes. 

6jiH)KaHUi|HH  [bl^'izhayshty] 
a  -aH,  -ee,  -ne  1.  superl  of 
6jih3khh;  2.  next,  immediate; 
npHHHMaxb  ~ee  yqacxHe  b... 
take  a  personal  interest  in... 

6jiH«e  [bl^izhi^]  comp  of 
6;iH3KHH  &  corresp  adv. 

6jih3  [bl^is^,  -z^]  prep  with 
gen  denoting  close  vicinity, 
position  close  to  smth:  -—  AOMa 
near  the  house,  close  to  the 
house;  ~  ;top6rH  just  off  the 
road. 


6J1H3K  HH  [bl^'isk'^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  6.ih3ok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  (-h)  1.  near  {not  far);  na 
~0M  paccxoHHHH  "  at  a  short 
distance;  at  close  range;  2. 
dear,  intimate  {friend,  etc); 
~jie  JiioAH  the  dear  ones;  3. 
accurate,  faithful  {copy,  etc); 
—  HH  nepcBOA  close  transla- 
tion. 

6J1H3KO  [bPiska]  adv  near, 
close;  H  ero  ~  3HaK)  I  know 
him  intimately. 

6jiH3Heu|bi  [bl^iz^nH^tsf] 
pi  -OB  {sing  Sjihshcu  m  -a) 
twins;  xpoe  [nexBepo]  -—ob 
triplets  [quadruplets]. 

6jiH30pyK|HH  [bl^izAruk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a, 
-o,  -H  short-sighted  {also  fig). 

6.JiH30cxlb  [bPizas^t*',  -z^'d'^J 
/  -H  1.  closeness,  proximity; 
2.  intimacy. 

6jihh  [bl^in]  m  -a,  -6b  pan- 
cake; 

<>  nepebiH  ^  komom  prov 
=  you  must  spoil  before  you 
spin. 

6jiok  I  [blok,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
technol  pulley. 

6jiok  II  [blok,  -g]  m  a, 
-OB  bloc. 

6jioKaA|a  [bUkads]  /  -u 
blockade. 

Sjigkhox  [bUknot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  notebook,  writing- 
-pad. 

6J10HAHH  [blAn^'d^in]  m  -a, 
-OB  blond. 

6jiOH;iMH|Ka  [bUn^d^inka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  blonde. 

gjioxja  [bUkha]  /  -h,  pi 
6ji6xh,   -—,  -aM  flea. 

6jiy)Kfllaxb  [bluzhdat^'l  im- 


21  — 


6oJi 


perf  -aK),  -aeiiib  roam,  wan- 
der. 

6jiy3|a  [bluza]  /  -bi,  ^ 
blouse. 

gjiyaJKa  [blusks]  /  -kh,  -ok 
blouse  {worn  by  women). 

6jiid;i|o  [bl^uda]  n  -a,  pi 
-a,  --,  -aM  1.  dish  (1)  con- 
tainer, 2)  a  kind  of  food); 
2.  course  {of  a  meal). 

Sjiibfliue  [bl^'uttsaj  n  -ua, 
pi  -ua,  -eu,  -uaM  saucer. 

6o6    [bop,    -b]    m    -a,    -6b 
bean  {plant  and  seed); 
<>  ocxaTbCfl  Ha  ^slxcoI  =  get 
nothing  for  one's  trouble. 

6o6|ep  [bAb^or]  m  -pa,  -poB 
beaver  {fur). 

6o6p  [bobr]  m  -a,  -6b  bea- 
ver {an  animal). 

6or  [bokh,  -gh]  m  -a,  pi 
-H,  -6b  god; 

<0>  ~  ere  snaex!  God  knows!; 
^  c  to66h!  l)God  bless  you!; 
2)  nothing  of  the  kind! 

6oraTCTB|o  [bAgatstva]  n 
-a,  —  1.  wealth,  riches;  2. 
magnificence,  richness. 

6oraT|biH  [bAgatty]  a  sh  f 
'-.-a,  -o,  -bi  rich  {1)  people; 
2)  harvest,  etc;  3)  ornamenta- 
tion, etc);  cTpana,  — aa  yrjieM 
a  country  rich  in  coal. 

6oraTbip|b  [bagAtlr^]  m  -n, 
-eft  1.  hero  {in  legends);  2.  fig 
a  man  of  exceptional  strength, 
athlete. 

Sorane  [bAgach^i]  comp  of 
6oraTbiH  &  corresp  adv. 

66ApocT|b  [bodras^'t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H  cheerfulness;  vigour  {vi- 
tality). 

SoApcTB  j  OBaxb  [bodrsty  vat*"] 
imperl   -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -osaji, 


imp  -yft   stay  up  {the  night); 
keep  awake;  be  awake. 

eoApjbiH  [Dodriy]  a  sh  f 
~,-,a,-o,  -bi  (-bi)  cheerful; brisk 
{pace,  etc). 

6oeB|6H  [bayi^voy]  a  1. 
battle  {attr),  combat  {attr)', 
b  — 'OH  roTOBHocTH  iu  combat 
readiness,  combat-ready;  ~6h 
Ayx  fighting  spirit,  morale; 
2.  bellicose;  militant; 
<>  ~6e  KpemcHHC  baptism  by 
fire;  ~6h  napCHb  co/  go-ahead 
fellow. 

66eK    [b6y8k,    -g]   see  66h- 

KHH. 

66eH  [boyan]  see  66hhh. 

6oeu  [bAyetj,  -dz]  m  6oHua, 
pi  6oHUbi,  6ohu6b  soldier  {an 
enlisted  man). 

6o)KecTBeHHlbiH  [bAzhes^'t''- 
v^mniy]  a  sh  f  6o>KecTBeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  divine. 

6oH  [boy]  m  66h  (66io),  pi 
6oH,  6oeB  1.  battle,  fight, 
action,  combat;  2.:  6apa6aH- 
HbiH  --  beat  of  drum;  ~  na- 
c6b  striking  of  a  clock, 
chimes. 

eoHKJHH  [b6yk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  66eK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  smart,  brisk;  sharp 
{fellow);  2.  glib  {speech,  etc); 
3.:  ~a5iT0pr6BJiH  brisk  trade; 
--an  yjiHua  busy  street. 

6ohk6t  [bAykot,  -d]  m  -a 
boycott. 

66hh|h  [b6yn^a]  /  -h,  66eH 
1.  slaughter-house;  2.  slaugh- 
ter, massacre. 

66hc$i  [b6ys^a],  SoHTecb 
[boyt^is'',  -z^]  see  6oHTbC5i. 

6oHua  [bAytja],  6ohu6b 
[bAytsof,  -vj  see  6oeu. 


6oK 


—  22  — 


6oK  [bok,  -g]  m  -a  (-y),p/ 
'3,  -CB  side  {of  the  body  or 
of  an  object);  no  ~aM  on  both 
sides; 

O  foK  6  6oK  side  by  side; 
noa,  60KOM  col  quite  near. 

6oKaji  [bAkal]  tn  -a,  -ob 
glass,  goblet. 

Cokob|6h   [bakAvoy]   a  lat- 
eral; side  (attr); 
<>  —aji  KaHKa    naut  rolling. 

foKOM  [bokam]  adv  side- 
ways. 

60KC  [boks,  -gz]  m  -a  sport 
boxing. 

GoKcep  [bAks^'or]  m  -a,  -ob 
boxer,  pugilist. 

6ojirapiHH  [bAlgar^'in]  m 
-HHa,  pi  -bi,  ~  Bulgarian. 

6ojirapcKJHH  [bAlgarsk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Bulgarian. 

fojiee  [bol^iya]  arfy  used  to 
form  comp:  ,-~  KpacHBbiii  more 
beautiful;  ^  HHiepecHo  more 
interesting;  ~  npocToft  sim- 
pler; 

<C>  ~  HjiH  MCHee  more  or 
less;  ~  Toro  moreover;  tcm 
~,  HTO...  all  the  more  so 
since...;  kc  ^  mcm  not  more 
than. 

6ojie3HeHH'biH  [bAl^ez^n^m- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6oJie3iieH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  sickly  {person))  2.  pain- 
ful. 

GojiesHlb  [bAl^'ez^'n'*]  f  -h, 
-eft  illness;  disease. 

fiojiiexb  I  [bA^et'']  imperf 
-eio,  -eeuib  1.  be  ill;  2.  fig  col 
root  {for  a  sports  team,  etc). 

gojijeTb  II  [b\\^ei^]  imperf 
-HT,  p  -eji  ache,  hurt;  mo 
y  sac  —I'lT?  where  do  you 
feel  pain? 


eojioTJo  [bAlota]  n  -a,  ^ 
bog,   swamp. 

60JIT  axb  I  [bAltat^j  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub  dangle  {legs,  etc). 

6ojiTiaTb  II  [bAltat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aemb  col  chatter,  babble, 
prattle;  ^aTb  B3A0p  talk  non- 
sense. 

6ojiT|aTbCR  [bAltattja]  im- 
perf -aKDCb,  -aembCH  col  1. 
dangle  {from  a  string,  etc); 
hang  loosely  {of  clothes,  etc); 
2.  lounge,  loiter. 

6ojiTOBH|fl  [baltAvn''a]  /  -ji 
col  chatter,  idle  talk. 

6o.iib  [boP]  /  -H,  -eft  pain 
{physical,  mental). 

eojibtMua  [bAl^n^itja]  / 
-bi,  ~  hospital  {for  care  of 
the  sick). 

66jibHO  [bol'^na]  I  adv  badly 
{hurt  oneself,  hit  smb,  etc); 
II  impers  predic:  mhc  ~  it 
hurts;  ~?  does  it  hurt?;MHe 
~  BiiAexb...  it  grieves  me  to 
see... 

CojibHloii  [bAPnoy]  I  a  sh 
f  66jieH,  -a,  {no  n),  -u  sick 
{in  poor  health);  bad  {heart, 
tooth,  etc);  sore  {eye,  etc); 
11  as  a  noun  6ojibH|6H  m 
-oro,  -bix  invalid,  patient; 
<>  ~6h  Bonpoc  sore  /  burning 
subject  /  question;  ~-6eMecT0 
sore  spot. 

Cojibiue  fbol'^shi^j  I  comp 
of  6oJibUi6H; 
(I  comp  of  MHoro; 
\\\  in  neg  sentences:  ^  He 
no  more;  no  longer;  not... 
any  more;  h  ~  Ty;ia  He 
noftAV  I  shan't  go  there  any 
more  /  again;  —  ne  6yAy 
I      won't      do      it      again; 


23 


6pa 


<>  '-'  Bcero  most  of  all;  best 
of  all. 

6ojibujHHCTB|6  [bal^shinst- 
v6]  n  -a  majority  {greater 
part);  noAasJiHiomee  '— 6  over- 
whelming majority. 

6ojibm|6H  [bAl^'shoy]  a  -an, 
-6e,  -He  1.  big,  large  {in  size, 
volume,  etc);  great  {of  more 
than  ordinary  size,  extent, 
duration,  etc);  2.  great  {im- 
portant, eminent,  illustrious); 
^  —  aH  6yKBa  capital  letter; 
—  HMH  6yKBaMH  in  block  let- 
ters. 

66m6\&  [bomf  a]  /  -w,  ~ 
bomb . 

6oM6apAHpjoBaTb  [bambar- 
d^irAvat^]  imperf  -yK),  -yeuib, 
p  -osaJi,  imp  -yfl  bomb;  bom- 
bard {also  fig). 

SoMSapAHpoBiUHK  [bambar- 
d'^irofsh^'-.ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
av  bomber. 

6op|eu  [bAr^ets,  -dz]  m  -ua, 
-UOB  1.  champion  {a  defender 
of  another  or  of  a  cause); 
fighter  {one  who  fights);  ~eu 
3a  MHp  peace  champion; 
2.  sport  wrestler. 

6opMOT|aTb  [barmAtat^]  im- 
perf 6opMoqy,  SopMOMCUib,  p 
-aJi,  imp  6opMoqH  mutter, 
mumble. 

6opoflla  [barAda]  /  -bi,  ace 
66po;^y,  pi  66pOAbi,  6op6A,  -aM 
beard  {on  a  man's  chin). 

^GpoAaBJKa  [barAdafka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  wart. 

6opo3;tla  [barAzda]  /  -bi,  pi 
66po3;;bi,  6op63A,  -aM  furrow 
{made  by  plough). 

6opl6TbCJi  [bArotlja]  imperf 
-loci?,     OopepibCH,     p     -ojicji, 


-ojiacfa,      imp     -HCb,     -HTecb 

1.  fight,    struggle,    combat; 

2.  sport  wrestle. 

6opT  [bort,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  side,  board  {of  a  ship); 
Ha  — y  on  board;  Bbi6pocHTb 
3a  6opT  throw  overboard  {also 
fig);  qeJiOBCK  3a  ~om  man 
overboard. 

6opb6ia  [bAr^ba]  /  -bi 
I.  fight,  struggle;  2.  sport 
wrestling. 

6ochk6m  [bas^'ikom]  adv 
barefoot. 

6oc16h  [bAsoy]  a  sh  f  ^, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  barefooted. 

6ocoh6>k|kh  [basAnoshk^'ij 
pi  -eK  {sing  6ocoH6H(K|a  /  -h) 
sandals  {light  summer  foot- 
wear) . 

eoxamiKla  [bAtan^ika]  / -h 
botany. 

66thk|h  [bdt^ik^i]  pi ■ -ob 
{sing  66thk  m  -a)  high  (rub- 
ber) overshoes. 

6othh|kh  [bAt^ink^'i]  pi  -ok 
{sing  6othh|ok  m  -Ka)  boots; 
US  high  shoes. 

66m |Ka  [boch^'ka]  /  -kh,  -eK 
barrel,  cask. 

6oK)cb  [bAyus'',  -z^],6oHiiib- 
ca  [bAishs^a]  see  6oHTbCH. 

6on3H{b  fbAyaz^n^]  /  -h 
dread,  fear. 

6onTbcsi    [bAyattsa]    imperf 

60K)Cb,    ^OHUIbCH,     p     SOHJICH, 

6oHJiacb,  imp  66hch,  SoHTecb 
be  afraid,  fear;  BaM  neqero  — ' 
you  have  nothing  to  fear. 

6pa3Hji|eu,  [brAz^il^itj,  -dz] 
m  -bua,  -bues  Brazilian. 

SpasHjibCKJHH  [brAz^il^- 
sk^iy]  a  -aH,  -oe,  -ne  Brazil- 
ian- 


6  a 


24  — 


6paK  I  [brak,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
marriage,-  wedlock. 

6paK  II  [brak,  -g]  m  -a 
damaged  or  defective  articles, 
spoilage. 

6paH|MTb  [brAnh't^]  imperf 
-10,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  scold 
{a  child,  etc);  abuse  {use  bad 
language). 

6pacjieT  [brAS^l^et,  -d]  m 
•a,  -OB  bracelet,  bangle. 

6paT  [brat,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-bH,  -bCB  brother;  ABOibpoA- 
HbiH  —  cousin. 

Spaxb  [brat^]  imperf  6epy, 
6epeiiib,  p  6paJi,  6paJia,  6pa- 
Jio,  6paJiH,  imp  6epH,  BSjiTb 
[vz^at^]  perf  B03bMy,  Bosb- 
Meiiib,  p  B3HJI,  BSHJia,  imp 
B03bMH  1.  take  {1)  get  hold 
of,  grasp;  2)  time,  material, 
etc;  3)  the  blame,  responsi- 
bility, etc;  4)  charge  by  way 
of  payment);  —  BsaflMbi  bor- 
row, obtain  on  loan;  2.  hire, 
employ; 

<>  ~-  Bcpx  take  the  upper 
hand;  ~  npHMep  c  Koro-Ji. 
follow  smb's  example;  -— 
ceSfl  B  pyKH  pull  oneself 
together;  --  cboh  cJiOBa  o6- 
paxHO  eat  one's  words;  — 
Koro-Ji.  Ha  nopyKH  bail  smb 
out;  saBOA  bbhji  ero  Ha  no- 
pyKH he  was  remanded  in 
the  care  of  the  plant. 

6paTbC5i  [brattja]  imperf  6e- 
pycb,  6epembCH,  p  6paJicH, 
CpaJiacb,  6paji6cb,  6paJiHCb, 
imp  6epHCb,  6epHTecb,  BSflib- 
ca  [vz^'attja]    perf  sosbMycb, 

B03bMeilIbCH,  p  B3HJ1CH,  B3H- 
JiaCb,    imp    B03bMHCb,    B03bMH- 

Tecb  1.  touch  {with  the  hand); 


perf  also  take  hold  of;  ~  3a 
pyKH  join  hands;  2.  under- 
take {to  do  smth.,  a  task); 
get  down  to,  start. 

6peBH|6  [br^i^vno]  n  -a,  pi 
6peBHa,  6peBeH,  6peBHaM  log 
{of  wood). 

6peA  [br^et,  -d]  m  -a  1.  de- 
lirium; 2.  fig    col  gibberish. 

6peA|HTb  [br^ed'^it^]  imperf 
6pe>Ky,  -Hiub,  p  -HJI  be  delir- 
ious, rave. 

Spesrlaxb  [br^ezgat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib  1.  be  squeam- 
ish; 2.  in  neg  sentences:  oh 
He  —  aeT  HHKaKHMH  cpeACT- 
BaMH  he  does  not  scruple  to 
use  any  means. 

SpesrjiMBibiH  [br^i^zgPivty] 
a  sh  f  ^ ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  squeam- 
ish, fastidious, 

6pe3eHT  [br^i^z^ent,  -d]  m 
-a  tarpaulin. 

6peMl5i  [br^em^a]  n  -chh 
burden,  load. 

SpejCTM  [br^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-Ay,  -Aeuib,  p  6peJi,  -Jia,  imp 
-AH  a  concrete  movement  in 
a  definite  direction  [cf  6po- 
AHTb  I]  plod,    trudge;  stroll. 

epCH  [br^'ey]  see  6pHTb. 

6peHCS!  [br^eys^a],  SpeHrecb 
[br^eyt^is^,  -z^]   see  6pHTbCH. 

6peK)  [br'^eyu],  Speeiub 
[br^eyash,  -zh]  see  6pHTb. 

6peK)Cb  [br'^eyus^],  Speeujb- 
cfl  [br^eyashs^a]  see  6pHTbc5i. 

6pHraA|a  [br^igada]  f  -u, 
— '  brigade  {also  mil);  team 
{a  group  of  people);  crew  {on 
a  train). 

6pHJiJiHaHT,  6pHJibsiHT  [br^'i- 
l^'yant,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  diamond, 
brilliant. 


-  25  - 


5ya 


6pHTaHCK|HH  [br^itansk^'iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  British. 

6pMTB|a  [br^'itva]  /  -bi,  — 
razor;  6e3onacHaH  -—a  safety 
razor. 

6pHTb  [br^it^]  imperf  6peio, 
6peeiiib,  p  6pHJi,  imp  6peH, 
noi6pHTb  [pAbr^it^]  perf  siiave 
{remove  hair). 

epHTbca  [br^itt^a]  imperf 
6peK)Cb,  6peembCH,  p  6pHJiCH, 
imp  6peHCH,  6peHTecb,  noj- 
SpMTbCJi  [pAbr^ittsa]  perf 
shave  {oneself). 
-  6poB|b  [brof'',  -v^]  /  -H,  pi 
-H,  -eft  eyebrow; 
<>  nonacTb  He  b  ~b,  a  b  rjias 
^  hit  the  nail  on  the  head. 

6pOA  fbrot,-cl]  m-a(-y)ford. 

6po;i|HTb  I  [brAd^'it^]  im- 
perf 6po}Ky,  6p6;tHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  [c/  6pecTH]  wander, 
i-oam,   stroll. 

6pOAiHTb  II  [brAd^it^]  im- 
perf 6p6AHT,  p  -HJI  chem  fer- 
ment. 

6poflflria  [brAd^aga]  m  -h, 
~  tramp;  US  hobo. 

^poHsja  [bronza]  /  -bi 
bronze  (ij  an  alloy;  2)  a 
work  or  works  of  art  made 
of  bronze). 

6poHXHT  [brAnkh^it,  -d]  m 
-a  bronchitis. 

Spocjaxb  [brAsat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  6p6c{HTb  [bro- 
s'^it^]  perf  6p6my,  -Huib,  p 
-KJi,  imp -h  1.  throw  (a  stone, 
etc);  hurl  {objects,  abuse, 
etc);  2.  abandon,  desert  (oAie's 
family i  etc);  3.  give  up  {an 
idea,  bad  habit,  etc);  drop 
{doing  smth); 
«^  -^axb  BbisoB  challenge. 


6poclaTbCfl  [brAsattsa]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  6p6- 
clHTbcsi  [bros^ittja]  perf  6p6- 

UiyCb;      -HUIbCH,    p     -HJICH,     -H- 

Jiacb,  imp    -bCH,  -bxecb  1.  {no 
perf):   ~-aTbCH  qeM-Ji.  (Apyr  e 
Apyra)    throw  smth    at    each 
other;    2.  throw  oneself  {at  / 
upon   smb,    smth,   into  smb's 
arms,    etc);    rush    {to    smb's 
aid,     etc);     ~aTbCH     6e>KaTb 
take  to  one's  heels; 
■0  —axbcsi  AeHbraMH  squan- 
der money;    —axbCH   b  rjiasa 
leap  to  the  eye. 
6p6cHXb  see  6pocaxb. 
6p6cHXbC5i  see  6pocaxbCH  2. 
6p6ui|Ka    [broshka]    /    -kh, 
-eK  brooch. 

6poiiiK)p|a  [brAshura]  /  -u, 
—  booklet,  pamphlet. 

SpycHHKJa  [brus^n^ika]  /  -h 
red  bilberry. 

6pbi3|raxb  [brlzgat^j  im- 
perf ->Ky  (-raK)),  -:«einb 
(-raeuib),  p  -raJi,  imp  -mn 
(-ran),  (5pbi3H|yxb  [brlznut''] 
P^ff  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
splash, sprinkle;  HCKpbi  —jKyx 
sparks  are  flying. 

6pK)KB|a  [br^ukvaj  /  -bi 
swede. 

6pK)KH  [br^uk^i]  pi  6pioK 
trousers;  slacks. 

6pK)Hex  [br^un^et,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  dark(-haired)   man. 

6pioHex|Ka  [br^un^etka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  brunette,  dark 
(-haired)  woman. 

6yr|6p  [bugor]  m  -pa,  -poe 
hillock,  mound. 

6.yAex    [bud'^it,    -d]    I    see 
6bixb; 
II  adv  col   that'll  do,  that's 


Syn 


^%^ 


enough;      ^     Te6e    oJiaKaTb! 
there,  there,  stop  crying. 

6yAMjibHHK  [bud'^il^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  alarm-clock. 

6yA|HTb  [bud^'it^]  imperf 
6y>Ky,  6yAHmb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h, 
pa3:6yflHTb  [razbiid^it^]  perf 
wake  (up),  awaken  (also  fig). 

SyAJKa  [butka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
box,  cabin,  booth;  TeJie(i)6HHaH 
-^Ka  telephone  box /booth. 

6yAH|H  [bud^'n^i]  pi  -eft 
1.  week-day(s);  2.  fig  routine, 
monotony  (of  daily  life,  etc). 

6yRT0  [butta]  cj  1.  as  if, 
as  though;  OH  MOJimix,  ^  hh- 
qero  He  snaex  he  is  silent 
as  if  he  didn't  know  any- 
thing; 2.  introducing  object 
clauses  and  denoting  doubt, 
uncertainty:  roBOp^T,  —•  oh 
66jieH  he  is  alleged  to  be  ill; 
it  seems  he  is  ill;  oh  tobo- 
pHT,  ~  OH  HanHcaji  sxy 
CTaxbib  he  professes  to  be  the 
author  of  the  article; 
<>  ~  6bi  allegedly;  supposed- 
ly; KaK  —  as  if,  as  though. 

6yAy  fbudu],  6yjiemb  [bu- 
d^'ish,  -zh]  see  6biTb. 

6yflym|HH  [budush^riy]  I  a 
-an,     ee,    -He    future;    next 
{day,  week,  etc); 
II  as  a  noun  6y;;ym|ee  n 
-ero  the  future. 

6yftymH0CT|b  [budush'':- 
nas^'t^,  -z^'d'*]  /  -h  future 
{chance  of  success). 

6yAb  [but'',  -d'']    see  6br;b. 

6y)Ky    [buzhu]   see  6yAHTb. 

6yHH|MH  [buyniy]  a  sh  f 
6yeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  wild  {boy, 
etc);  violent  {behaviour,  pas- 
sions, growth,  etc). 


6yK  [buk,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
beech. 

eyKamJKa  [bukashka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  small  insect  /  beetle. 

SyKBJa  [bukva]  /  -bi,  — 
letter  {of  the  alphabet);  sa- 
FJiaBHaH  /  nponHCHaH  ~a  capi- 
tal letter;  cxpoqnaH  ~a  small 
letter. 

6yKBajibHbiH  [bukval^niy] 
a  literal,  word  for  word. 

6yKBap|b  [bukvar'']  m  -h, 
-efl  school  primer,  ABC-book. 

SyKCT  [buk^et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  bouquet  {of  flowers). 

6yKCHp  [buks^'ir]  m  -a,  -ob 
I.  tugboat;  2.  towing-line; 
<C>  BSHTb  Ha  ~  take  in  tow. 

6yjiaB|Ka    [bulafka]   /  -kh, 
-OK   pin  {1)  a  pointed  instru- 
ment; 2)  an  ornament); 
<C>    6e3onacHaji    --Ka    safety 
pin. 

eyjiJKa  [bulka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
roll  {a  kind  of  bread);  CAcSnaa 
~Ka  bun. 

6yjiOMH|afl  [bubch^naya]  f 
-OH,  -bix  baker's,  bakery. 

Syjibsap  [bul^var]  m  -a.  -ob 
boulevard. 

6yjibBapH|wH  [buPvarniy] 
a  cheap,  pinchbeck  {litera- 
ture, novel,  etc);  ~-aH  npecca 
gutter   press. 

6yj!b6H  [bul'^yon]  m  -a,  -ob 
broth,   clear  soup. 

6yMar|a   [bumaqa]  /  -h,  ^ 
paper    {1)    for   writing,    etc; 
2)  a  document); 
<>  u,eHHbie  ~H  securities. 

6yMa>KHHK  [bumazhn^'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -ob  pocket-book,  wallet. 

6yMa«<HbiH  I  [bumazhniy] 
a  paper  {napkin,  etc). 


--  27  — 


dbt 


CyMajKHMH  II  [bumazhniy]  a 
cotton  (attr),  made  of  cotton 
fabric. 

6yHT  [bunt,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-LI,  -oB  riot,  mutiny. 

6yHT|pBaTb  [buntAvat^]  im- 
perf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -OBaJi, 
imp  -yft  revolt,  rebel. 

6ypaH  [buran]  m  -a,  -os 
blizzard. 

GypwyasMlsi  [burzhuAz^iya] 
/  -H  bourgeoisie. 

6yp)Kya3H|biH  [burzbuaz- 
niy]  a  sh  f  6yp}Kya3eH,  -a, 
-o,  -fai  bourgeois. 

eypJHTb  [bur^if*]  imperf 
-K),  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
bore,  drill  (a  hole). 

6ypH|biH  [burnty]  a  sh  f 
6ypeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  stormy^ 
violent  {also  fig);  2.  impet- 
uous; rapid  {development ,  etc) . 

Syplbiii  [buriy]  a  sh  f  ~, 
-a,  -o,  -u:  -—bift  MeABe^b 
brown  bear;  ~biH  yroJib 
brown  coal. 

6yplJi  [bur^a]  /  -h,  -b 
storm,  tempest. 

6ycbi  [bust]  pi  6yc  beads 
(a  necklace). 

6yTep6p6fl  [buterbrot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  sandwich;  -^  c  cbi- 
poM  cheese  sandwich. 

6yTbiJilKa  [buttlka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  bottle. 

6y4)ep  [buf^ir]  m  -a,  p/  -a, 
-OB  buffer  {also  fig). 

6y(j)eT  [buf'et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  buffet  {1)  a  sideboard; 
2)  a  special  counter) . 

6yxr:'jiTep  [bukhgalt^jr]  m 
-a,  -OB  book-keeper. 

SyxTja  [bukhta]  /  -u,  -- 
bay  {in  a  shore,  coast). 


6yui|eBaTb  [busht^vat'']  im- 
perf -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -esaji,  imp 
-yft    rage,    storm    {also   fig). 

6bi  [bi],  6  [b,  p]  part  I 
used  with  verbs  in  the  past 
tense  and  in  the  infinitive 
to  form  the  conditional-sub- 
junctive mood  denoting  1.  an 
action  which  might  take  or 
might  have  taken  place  under 
certain  conditions:  h  nomeji  6u 
ceroAHH  BeqepoM  Ha  ciaAHOH, 
ecJiH  6u  y  mchh  6biJio  BpeMH 
I'd  go  to  the  stadium  tonight 
if  I  had  time;  ecJiH  6  h  snaJi 
3T0,  H  6bi  HasecTHJi  ero  B^epa 
if  I  had  known  it  I'd  have 
visited  him  yesterday;  2.  an 
action  planned  or  desired'.. 
H  6bi  c  yAOBOJibCTBHeM  nomejl 
B  TeaTp  saBxpa  I'd  gladly  go 
to  the  theatre  tomorrow;  h  6bi 
eme  Bb'mHJi  naio  I'd  like  to 
have  some  more  tea;  3.  a  sug- 
gestion, wish,  invitation, 
mild  order,  request,  advice: 
Bbi  6bi  cejiH  you'd  better  sit 
down;  won't  you  sit  down?; 
take  a  seat,  please;  noHHiaJi 
6bi  Tbi  KHHry  I  suggest  you 
should  read  a  book;  noexaTb 
6w   JieTOM    K    MopK)!    I    wish 

I  could  go  / 1  went  to  the 
seaside,  in  summer!; 

II  forming  part  of  indefinite 
pronouns:  kto  6bi  hh  whoever; 
HTO  6bi  HH  wliatever;  fac  6u 
HH  wherever  {denoting  posi- 
tion); KyAa  6bi  hh  wherever 
{denoting  direction);.  KorAa 
6bi  HH  whenever;  kto  6bi  hh 
npHuieJi  whoever  comes;  mo 
6bi  HH  cJiyqHJiocb  whatever 
happens. 


6bIB 


28  — 


6biBajio  [bivala]  parent h: 
OH,  -—,  ^acTo  npHxoAHJi  he 
often  used  to  come,  he  would 
often  come. 

6biB|aTb  [bWat^]  impsr 
-aio,  -aeiub  1.  happen,  occur; 
2.  be  sometimes  present;  go 
to  a  place  {from  time  to  time); 
■~aTb  y  Koro-Ji.  [b  xeaipe] 
visit  smb  [the  theatre];  3.  take 
place,  be  held  {of  meetings, 
competitions,  etc); 

«C>     KaK     HH     B     MCM     HC     ~aJIO 

though  nothing  were  the  mat- 
ter. 

6biBm|HH  [btfshty]  a  [pa] 
-an,  -ee,  -ne  former,  late;  ex-. 

6biK  [btk,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
bull  {the  male  of  beef  cattle). 

6biji  [bil],    6biJia  [bila]  see 

6bITb. 

6biJio  [b+'b]  see  6biTb. 

6bi,;io  [bib]  part  nearly;  on 
the  point  of;  qyxb  -~  He  al- 
most, nearly. 

6bicTpOT|a  [bistrAta]  /  -b'l 
quickness;  speed  (a  swift 
movement). 

6biCTp|biH  [btstrty]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  quick,  rapid, 
swift  {current,  development , 
etc). 

6biT  [bit,  -d]  m  -a  mode  of 
life;  daily  life. 

6biTb  [bit^]  imperf  3rd  per- 
son sing  ecTb,  p  6biJi,  6biJia, 
6bi;io,  6biJiH,  fut  6yAy,  6y- 
fleiiib,  imp  6ynb  1.  be  {1) 
somewhere,  in  a  certain  state, 
condition,  etc;  2)  a  link-verb); 
OH  6biJi  ji,6Ma  he  was  at  home; 
OH  6biJi  66jieH  he  was  ill;  oh 
6biJi  pa66qHM  he  was  a  work- 
er; 2.  have    (possess);  y  nero 


ecTb  6paT  he  has  a  brother; 
y  Hero  6biJio  mhofo  pa66Tbi 
Bwepa  he  had  much  work  to 
do  yesterday;  3.  happen,  oc- 
cur; 3T0  6biJio  B^epa  it  hap- 
pened yesterday;  BMepa  6biJia 
rposa  there  was  a  storm 
yesterday;  saBxpa  6yAeT  co6- 
paHHe  there  will  be  a  meeting 
tomorrow;  coSpanne  6yAeT 
saBTpa  the  meeting  will  be 
held  tomorrow;  4.:  ~  Bbi- 
Hy>KAeHHbiM  be  obliged  {to  do 
smth);  ~-  B  cocTOHHHH  CAe- 
jiaxb  qxo-Ji.  be  able  to  do 
smth;  -^  CBHAexeJieM  qero-ji. 
witness  smth; 

<>  THK  H  ^  all  right,  let  it 
be  so;  KaK  ~?  what's  to  be 
done?;  6yAb  hto  SyAei  come 
what  may. 

6bio  [b^yu],  6betub  [b^yosh, 
-zh]  see  6HXb. 

6bK)Cb  [b^yus^,  -z^],  6beujb- 
cfl    [b^yoshs^s]    see    6HXbCH. 

SioAHcex  [b^udzhet,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  budget  {of  a  country, 
family,  etc) . 

6K)jijiexeH|b  [b^uPi^t^en'^] 
m  -H,  -eft  1.  bulletin;  2.  vot- 
ing-paper; 3.  medical  certifi- 
cate {given  to  a  person  on 
sick-leave);  6bixb  Ha  —  e  be 
on  sick-list. 

6K)p6  [b^uro]  n  indecl  bu- 
reau {an  office). 

SropoKpax  [b^urAkrat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  bureaucrat. 

6k)cx  [b^'ust,  -zd]  m  -a,  -ob 
bust. 

SiqcTrajibTep  [b^uzgal^ter] 
m  -a,  -OB  brassiere. 

Sflsjb  [b^as^,  -z^]  /  -K 
coarse  calico. 


—  29  — 


B 


B  [v,  f],  BO  [vo;  in  the  first 
pretonic  position  —  va;  in  the 
second  and  other  pretonic  po- 
sitions—  V9]  prep  I  with  ace 
1.  denoting  an  action  or  move- 
ment    into'.     BOHTH     B     KOMHa- 

Ty  go  into  a  room;  come  into 
a  room;  bohth  bo  ABop  go 
into  the  yard;  come  into  the 
yard;  noJio^KHTb  b  hiuhk  put 
in  a  box;  npnexaTb  b  Khcb 
arrive  in  Kiev;  2.  denoting 
movement  to,  towards  a  place 
with  the  aim  of  reaching  it: 
noexaTb  b  Mhhck  go  to 
Minsk;  yexaTb  b  FopbKHH 
leave  for  Gorki;  3.  denoting 
a  point  of  time  {hours  or  days 
of  the  week):  b  nnTHHuy  on 
Friday;  b  npoiiijiyio  [b  6y]\y- 
myio]  RHTHHuy  last  [next] 
Friday;  b  xpH  Maca  at  three 
o'clock;  4.  denoting  dimen- 
sions,   weight:    A-^HHOH    B  TpH 

MCTpa  three  metres  long;  bc- 
coM  B  TOHHy  weighing  a  ton; 
5.  denoting  the  beginning  of 
some  activity,  occupation  or 
state  into  which  a  person  is 
drawn  or  enters:  npuHTH 
B  oxqaHHHe  fall  into  despair; 
yrJiy6HTbCH  b  qTenae  get  ab- 
sorbed in  reading;  BCiynHTb 
B  paaroBop  enter  into  a  con- 
versation; 6.  denoting  dura- 
tion within  certain  limits: 
(3T0  MOJKHO  c^eJiaTb)  B  HeAeJiK) 
(this  can  be  done)  within 
a  week;  7.  denoting  an  action 
directed  to  some  place  on  the 
§ur[ace    of:    cxyK    b    ABepb 


knock  at  the  door;  TOJiKnyxb 
Koro-Ji.  B  rpyAb  push  smb  in 
the  chest;  noueJiOBaib  kopo-ji. 
B  jio6  kiss  smb 's  forehead;  8. 
denoting  periodicity  within 
a  certain  time:  TpH  paaa  b  He- 
AeJiKD    three    times    a    week; 

9.  denoting  passage  of  a  thing 
from  one  state  into  another: 
npeBpaiHTb  b...  turn  into..., 
change  into...  /  to.. ^.;  paao- 
pBaib  B  KJiouKH  tear  to  bits; 

10.  denoting  similarity:  xa- 
paKTepoM  B  OTua  a  chip  of 
the  old  block;  oh  secb  b  MaTb 
he  is  the  very  image  of  his 
mother;  11.  used  with  the  word 
pa3  and  comp:  b  abb  pasa 
Bbime  two  times  as  high; 
B  ABa  paaa  MeHbiue  half 
(the...);  half  the  size  (of); 
B  HecKOJibKO  pas  66jibuie  sev- 
eral times  as  much;  several 
times  as  many;  several  times 
the  size  (of);  b  HecKOJibKO 
pas  MeHbiue  several  times 
less;  BO  MHoro  pas  MeHbiue 
many  times  as  little;  m.any 
times  as  few;  many  times 
less;  12.  denoting  purpose: 
B  uiyTKy  in  jest;  b  HaKasanne 
as  a  punishment; 

11  with  pr  denoting  1.  posi- 
tion inside  of,  within:  b  kom- 
HaTe  in  the  room;  b  KneBe 
in  Kiev;  b  A6paMU,eBe  at  Ab- 
ramtzevo;  b  KJiy6e  at  the  club; 
2.  a  point  or  period  of  time: 
b  Mapxe  in  March;  b  stom 
[b  npouiJiOM]  roAy  this  [last] 
year;  b  hhtom  Hacy  soon  after 


Bar 


30 


four,  between  four  and  five 
(o'clock);  3.  distance  from: 
B  copoKa  KHJioMexpax  ot 
MocKBbi  within  forty  kilo- 
metres of  Moscow;  4.  a  con- 
dition, state,  quality,  etc: 
B  6ecnopHAKe  in  disorder; 
B  o>KHAaHHH  pending;  b  hht- 
Hax  stained;  b  6ejioM  in 
white,  wearing  white;  b  oHKax 
Wearing  glasses;  6biTb  b  y}Ka- 
ce  be  horrified; 

O    BO     4T0     6W     TO     HM    CXaJIO 

at  any  price;  at  all  costs. 

earoH  fvAgon]  m  -a,  -ob 
(railway)  carriage;  (tram-)car; 
6ara>KHbiH  —  luggage  van; 
;;eTCKHH  ~  carriage  for  chil- 
dren; HcecTKHH  —  hard -seated 
carriage;  KynHpoBaHHbift  ~ 
compartment  carriage;  mhf- 
KHH  —  soft -seated  carriage; 
cnaJibHbiH  ^  sleeping-car; 
—  -pecTopaH  dining-car;  — 
fljiH  KypjimHx  smoking-car. 
BaroHOBO^arlbiH  [vAgo- 
navAzhatiy]  m  -oro,  -bix 
tram-driver. 

Ba}KHHH|aTb  [vazhn^ich^at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib  col  put  on 
airs. 

Ba»HO  [vazhna]  impers 
predic  it  is  important;  oMCHb 
-^  CAe.iaTb  3T0  cerojiHH  it  is 
very  important  to  do  it  today; 
— ,  MToSbi  OHa  noBHAaJia  Hac 
it  is  important  for  her  to  see 
us,  it  is  important  that  she 
should  see  us. 

eaMtHibiH   [vazhnty]   a  sh  f 
Ba>KeH,   -a,  -o,  -w  (-bi)  1.  im-  ■ 
portant;    of    consequence;    2. 
self-important,         consequen- 
tial; grand,  pompous. 


Ba3|a  [vaza]  /  -bi,  —  vase; 
bowl. 

Baji  I  [val]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  earthen  bank. 

Baji  II  [val]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  technol  shaft;  KOJieHHaibift 
~  crankshaft. 

BajieHJKH  [val^mk^i]  pi  -ok 
(smg^BajicHloK  m  -Ka)  valenki 
[high  boots  made  of  thick 
felt  with  soles  of  the  same 
material)',  xoAHTb  b  ~Kax 
wear  valenki. 

Baji|HTL  I  [vAl^'it^l  imperf 
-K),  BaJiHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
nojBajiMTb  [pavAPit^]  per/, 
cjBajiMTb  [svAPit^]  perf  1. 
bring  down,  fell;  2.  (cBa- 
JiHTb)  heap  up,  pile  up; 
3.  (cBajiHTb)  fig  col  blame 
{smb),  lay  the  blame  [on  smb)\ 
<>  — 'MTb  Bce  B  OAHy  Kyny 
col  lump  everything  togeth- 
er;   ~HTb     C   60JIbH6H     rOJlOBbl 

Ha  BAopoByK)  col  lay  the  blame 
at  the  wrong  door. 

Baji|HTb  II  [vAl^it*"]  imperf 
-HT,  noiBajiHTb  [pavAl'^it^] 
perf  flock,  throng,  come  in 
flocks  {of  people);  fall  Ireav- 
ily  {of  snow);  pour  out  {of 
smoke);  Hapo^  BajioM  -— ht 
the  people  are  coming  in 
flocks. 

Baji|HTbcsi  [vAl^'ittja]  im- 
perf   -K)Cb,     BaJlHUIbCH,    p  -HJI- 

CH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -KCb,  -iirecb, 
nO;BajiMTbCfl  [pavAl^ittja]  perf 
fall  {from  a  standing  posi- 
tion); 

<>      ~HTbCSl      C      HOP      col      bC 

falling  off  one's  feet;  y  nero 
Bce  M3  pyK  BajiHTcn  col  h? 
is  very  inapt  /  awkward, 


-  31 


B6e 


BajioB|6H  [valAvoy]  a  gross, 
total;  ^an  npoAyKUHJi  gross 
output. 

eajibc  [val's,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
waltz. 

BajiibT|a[vAPut9]  / -hi  cur- 
rency (money). 

Baji|«Tbc$i  [vAl^'attsa]  im- 
perf  -Hiocb,  -neiubCH  1.  wal- 
low, roll  about  {in  the  dust, 
mud),  2.  col  loll  {lie  in  a 
lazy  manner);  3.  col  lie  about, 
be  scattered  about;  lie  {be 
somewhere  as  the  result  of 
negligence) . 

BaM  [vam]  dat  of  bu, 

BaMH  [vam'^i]    instr  of  Bbi. 

BaHHla  [vanna]  /  -bi,  ^ 
bath;  npHHHMaib  — y  have/ 
take  a  bath. 

BaHHlaa  [vannaya]  /  -oh, 
-bix  bath-room. 

BapBapcKJHH  [varv3rsk**iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  barbarous. 

BapextlKH  [varnish k^^i]  pi 
-eK  {sing  BapoKKJa  /  -h)  mit- 
tens. 

BapeHHKln  [vAr^'en^'ik^i]  pi 
-OB  {sing  BapcHHK  m  -a)  va- 
reniki  {dumplings  stuffed 
with  cherries,  tvorog  or  pota- 
toes). 

BapeHbifl  [vAr^oniy]  a 
boiled,  cooked. 

BapeHbje  [vAr^'en^'ya]  n  -h 
jam  (a  preserve). 

BapHaHT  [var^iant,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  version,  variant. 

Bap|HTb  [vAr^it^j /mperZ-K), 
BapHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  ciBa- 
pHTb  [svAr^it**]  perf  1.  boil 
{eggs,  fish,  etc);  cook  {din- 
ner, etc);  2.  found  {steel,  etc). 

BapJHTbCfl    [VAF^ittsa]    im- 


perf  -ibcb,  BapHmbC5i,  p  -iiJicji, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb, 
cjBapHTbcsi  [svAr^ittsa]  perf 
be  boiling,  be  cooking; 

<>      —HTbCJI       B      c66CTBeHHOM 

coKy  col  stew  in  one's  own 
juice. 

Bac  [vas,  -z]  gen,  ace  ~&  pr 

of    Bbl. 

BacHji|eK  [vas^'il^'ok,  -g]  m 
-bKa,  -biToB  corn-flower. 

Baxja  [vata]  /  -bi  cotton 
wool;  wadding;  najibxo  na 
~e  wadded  coat. 

Ba(l)ljiH  [vafPi]  pi  -Qjib 
{sing  Bi^ji\a  f  -h)  wafers. 

BaxT|a  [vakhta]  /  -bi,  ~ 
1.  naut  watch  {time  of  duty); 
CTOHTb  Ha  ~e  keep  watch, 
be  on  duty;  2.  fig:  xpyAOBan 
~a  production  drive  {enthu- 
siastic work  on  the  occasion 
or  in  commemoration  of  smth); 
CTOHTb  Ha  ~e  MHpa  take 
part  in  the  World  Peace  pro- 
duction drive. 

Baiu  [vash,  -zh]  I  pron 
poss  corresp  to  Bbi  m  -ero, 
-eiviy,  ~  (-ero),  -hm,  (o)  -cm, 
Bauia  /,  Bauie  n,  Eaum  pi 
your;  yours; 

II  as  a  noun  Bamn  pi  -x 
your    people    {relatives). 

Bam  I  a  [vasha]  pron  f  -en, 
-eft,  -y,  -efi  (-eio),  (o)  -evi 
see  Baui. 

Baiu|e  [vasha]  pron  n  -ero, 
-eMy,  -e  (-ero),  -hm,  (o)  -cm 
see  Bam. 

BauiH  [vashi]  pron  pi  -x, 
-M,  --  (-x),  -mh,  (o)  -X  see 
Bam. 

B6er|aTb  [vb^'i^qat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aemb,   BSewlaxb  [vb^i®- 


B6e 


-  32 


zhat^]  perf  B6ery,  -Huib,  p 
-aji  run  {into  a  room,  etc); 
come  running,  run  in. 

B6eH  [vb^ey]  imp  of  B6HTb; 
see  B6HBaTb. 

B6epM  [vb^i^r^i]  imp  of 
Bo6paTb;  see  BSHpaib. 

eSepy  [vb^i^^ru],  B6epeuib 
[vb^i^r^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  Bo6paTb;  see  b6h- 
paTb. 

BSHBJaib  [vb^ivat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  BSHxb  [vb^it^] 
perf  Bo6bK),  Bo6bemb,  p  b6hji, 
imp  B6eH  drive  in,  hammer 
in;  drive  {into),  hammer 
{into); 

<>  BSHTb  ce6e  b  rojioBy 
col  get  into  one's  head. 

b6hp  aib  [vb^irat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  BoSpaJTb  [va- 
brat*"]  perf  B6epy,  B6epemb, 
p  -Ji,  -Jia,  -Jio,  -JiH,  imp 
B6epH  absorb  {;.vater,  etc); 
inhale  {air). 

B6HTb    see    B6HBaTb. 

b6jih3h  [vbl^iz^i]  I  adv 
near  by;  near  here;  paccMax- 
pHBaib  MTO-Ji.  ~  examine 
smth  closely; 

II  prep  with  gen  near  {of 
distance);  -^  ot  ^ero-ji.  not 
far  from  smth,  near  smth. 

B6pofl  [vbrot,  -d]  adv:  ne- 
pexoAHTb  (peKy)  ~  ford  (a 
river). 

BBCACHHle  [v^v^i^d^en^iya] 
n  -H,  -ft  1.  introduction 
{bringing  into  use,  knowledge, 
etc);  2.  introduction  {a  be- 
ginning); preface. 

BBeSTH    see    BB03HTb. 

BBepx  [v^'v^erkh,  -gh]  adv 
1.     up,    upwards    {toward    a 


higher  place);  ~  no  JiecTHHue 
up  the  stairs;  noAKHMaxbCH 
~  go  up;  no^HHXb  —  lift 
(up),  raise  (up);  2.:  ~  no 
peKe  up  the  river;  ~  no  xe- 
qeHHKD  up-stream; 
<>  ~  HHOM  col  upside-down; 
■—  HoraMH  col  upside-down; 
head  over  heels. 

BBcpxy  [v^v^i^rkhu]  adv 
above,  overhead;  at  the  top. 

BBecTH  see  bboahxb. 

BBH^y  [v^v^idu]  prep  with 
gen  in  view  of;  —  xoro, 
Mxo...  in  \iew  of  the  fact 
that...;  as,  since. 

BBOMlMTb  [vvAd^it^]  imperf 
BBO>Ky,  BBOAHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H,  BRe[cTH  [v^'v^i^s^t^'i]  perf 
-Ay,  -Aeiiib,  p  BBeJi,  -Jia,  imp 
-AH  1.  introduce,  bring  in; 
~HXb  BOHCKa  B  ropoA  bring 
troops  into  a  town;  2.:  ~HXb 
B  SKcnJiyaxauHKD  put  into 
operation  {a  new  railway,  etc); 
—-HXb  B  3a6jiyH^AeHHe  mis- 
lead, deceive;  lead  into  er- 
ror. 

BB03  [vvos,  -z]  m  -a  econ 
import;  imports. 

BB03|HXb  [vvAz^it'']  imperf 
BBOHcy,  BBosHiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-Id,  BBe3lxM  [v^v^iVt^ij  perf 
-y,  -eiub,  p  BBea,  -Jia,  imp 
-H  import  {goods,  etc). 

BBbicb  [wis'',  -z^]  adv  up, 
upwards  {toward  a  higher 
place). 

BfJiySb  [vglup^,  -b^]  adv 
1.  depthwise;  2.  deep   {into). 

BAalBaibCsi  [vdAvattsa]  im- 
perf -K)Cb,    -eillbCH,  p    -BaJICH, 

-BaJiacb,    imp   -BaftcH,    -Bafl- 
xecb  jut  out  {into); 


—  33 


BCJl 


<^  —BaibCJi  B  noflp66HO- 
CTH  /  B  AcrajiH  go  into  de- 
tail(s). 

BiiajicKe  [vdal^i^k^e]  adv 
in  the  distance. 

BiiajiH  [vdAl^i]  adv  in  the 
distance;  ~  ot  nero-Ji.  far 
from  smth;  -^  ot  kofo-ji. 
away  from  smb. 

BAajib  [vdal^]  adv:  cmot- 
pexb  —  look  into  the  dis- 
tance. 

BABoe  [vdvoya]  adu  1.  dou- 
ble, twice;  ^  66jibme  twice 
as  much;  twice  as  many;  -^ 
MCHbiue  half  (the...);  half 
the  size  (of);  -~  TOHbiue 
J  [jiy^me  u  m.  n.\  twice  as 
thin  [good,  etc];  2.:  cjio- 
HCHTb  -^  fold  in  two. 

BABoeM  [vdvAyom]  adv 
referring  to  two  people:  ohh 
[Mbi,  Bbi]  —  the  two  of  them 
[us,  you];  AaBaflxe  cAeJiaeM 
3T0  ~  let's  do  it  togeth- 
er. 

BABOHHe  [vdvAyn^e]  adv 
1.  double,  twofold;  2.  espe- 
cially. 

BAo6aB0K  [vdAbavak,  -g] 
adv  col  besides,  in  addition; 
on  top  of  everything. 

BAOBJa  [vdAva]  /  -bi,  pi 
BAOEbi,  ~,  BAOBaM  widow. 

BAOBJeu  [vdAV^etj,  -dz]  m 
-^    -ua,  -11,6b  widower. 

BAOBOJib  [vdovsl^]  adv  in 
plenty,  in  abundance;  to 
one's  heart's  content. 

BAoroHKy  [vdAgonku]  adv 
in  pursuit  of,  after  {of  run- 
ning, etc). 

BAOJib  [vdol^]  I  adv  length- 
ways; 


II  prep  with  gen  along  {the 
street,  etc); 

<>  ^  H  nonepCK  far  and 
wide  {of  travelling);  snarb 
HTO-Ji.  -~  H  nonepeK  know 
smth  thoroughly,  know  all 
the  ins  and  outs  of  smth. 

BAOx  [^dokh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-08  breath,   inhalation. 

BAOXHOBHTb  See  BAOXHOB- 
JIHTb. 

BAOXHOBJi|flTb  [vdakhnAV- 
l^at^]  imperf  -hkd,  -Hemb,BAOX- 
HOBlHT-b  [vdakhuAV^it^]  perf 
-jiK),  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
inspire  {put  life  or  force  into; 
rouse). 

BAOXHyTb  see  BAbixaib. 

BApeGearH  [vdr^eb'izg^i] 
adv  1.:  paaSHTb  --  smash, 
shatter;  2.  col:  ~  nbHH  dead 
drunk. 

BApyr  [vdruk,  -g]  adv  1. 
suddenly;  2.  what  if;  —  oh 
He  nosBOHHT?  what  if  he 
doesn't  phone? 

BAyMaTbcsi  see   BAyMbieaTb- 

CH. 

BAyMMBJaTbCJi  [vdumiva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
BAyMa|Tbcn  [vdumattsa]  perf 
-K)Cb,  -euibCH,  p  -JicH,  -Jiacb, 
/mp -HCH,  -HTecb  ponder,  con- 
sider carefully. 

BAbix|aTb  [vdikhat^]  knperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  BAOxnlyTb  [vdAkh- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  inhale,  breathe  in. 

BereTapMaHCKJHH  [v^ig^ita- 
r^'yansk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
vegetarian. 

BCACHHle  [v^ed^m^iya]  n 
-h:  b  '-h  under  the  author- 
ity (of);  under  the  jurisdic 


BCfl 


-  34  - 


tion  (o/);  within  {stub's)  prov- 
ince. 

BeAeHHJe  [v^i^d^en^'iya]  n 
-h:  ~e  ji,ejia  1)  management 
of  an  affair;  2)  law  con- 
duct of  a  case;  ^e  (Aoiviaui- 
Hero)  xo3HHCTBa  housekeep- 
ing. 

BeAH  [v^'i^d^i]  see  eecxH. 

BeAOMlo  [v^edama]:  c  ~a 
with  (smb's)  l<no\vledge;  6e3 
~a  without  {smb's)  knowl- 
edge, without  letting  {smb) 
know;  without  (stub's)  con- 
sent. 

BeAOMOCT|b  [v^edamas^t'', 
-z^'d^]  /  -H,  pi  -H,  -efl  list, 
register. 

BeAOMCTBio  [v^edamstva]  n 
-a,  ~  department  (a  branch 
of  the  state  government). 

Be;ip|6  [v^'i^dro]  n  -a,  pi 
BCApa,  BCAep,  Be;;paM  bucket, 
pail. 

BCity  [v^i^du],  BCfleuib  [v^i^- 
d^'osh,  -zh]  see  bccth. 

Be;iym|HH  [v^i^dush^:iy]  a 
[pa]  -aa,  -ee,  -He  leading, 
chief,  key. 

BeAb  [v^et^,  -d**]  I  part 
(tnostiy  intens):  Tbi  ~  sito  SHa- 
euib  you  know  this,  don't 
you?;  but  you  know  this;  ho 
'-  stToro  He  cJivMHJiocb  it 
didn't  happen,  did  it?; 
II  cj  denoting  reason,  cause: 
OH  He  npHAGT,  ~  OH  66.neH 
he  won't  come.,  he's  ill,  you 
know;  ne  cnopb  c  hhm  ~  oh 
npae  don't  argue  with  him, 
he's  right,  isn't  he? 

BcjibMla  [v^'ed^ma]  t  -bi, 
—  1.  witch  {a  sorceress); 
2.  col  vixen,  scold. 


Beep  [v^eyar]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-6b  fan  {used  by  ladies). 

Be}KjiHB|biH  [v^ezhl^iviy]  a 
sh  f  '^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  polite, 
courteous,  civil. 

BCSAC  [v^i^z^'d^e]  adv  every- 
where. 

Bes'iTH  I  [v^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-y,  -eiiJb,  p  Be3,  -Jia,  imp  -h, 
nojBearH  [pav^i^s^t^i]  perf 
a  concrete  action,  movement 
in  a  definite  direction  [cf  bo- 
BMTbj  carry  {to  transport)', 
drive  {smb  in  a  car,  etc); 
draw  {a  cart). 

BesJTH  II  [v^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-ex,  noiBesTH  [pav^i^s^'t^i] 
perf  impers:  euy  [efl  u  m.  d.] 
~eT   he    [she,    etc]  is  lucky. 

BCH  I  [v^ey]  see  Benxb. 

BCH  II  [v^ey]  see  bhtb. 

BCK  [v^'ek,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -a,  -OB  1.  century  {years); 

2.  age   {a    period  in  history); 

3.  col  life,  lifetime;  na  tboh 
—  XBaxHT  it  "nil  last  your 
time; 

<>  ~  >KHBM  —  ~  yqMCb  prov 
live  and  learn. 

BeKjO  [v^ekaj  n  -a,  pi  h, 
~,   -aM  eyelid. 

BeKcejiib  [v^eks'^il^]  m  -h, 
pi  -H,  -efl  note  of  hand;  bill 
of   exchange. 

BCJi  [v^'ol],  BCjia  [v^i^la] 
see  BecTH. 

Beji|eTb  [v^i^l^'et'']  perf  Sc 
imperf  -k),  -fliiib  p  -eji,  imp 
-H  order,  tell  {smb  to  do 
^mth). 

BCjiHKaH  [v^'il^ikan]  m  -a, 
-OB  giant. 

BCjiMK  HH  [v^i^l**ik'*iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a  (-a), 


—  35  ~ 


BCp 


-o  (-6),  -H  (-H)  1.  great 
{important,  remarkable,  fa- 
mous); 2.  {only  sh  f)  too  big 
{of  clothes,  footwear,  etc). 

BejiHKOAyujH  I  uii  [v^il'^ikA- 
dushnty]  a  sh  f  BeJiHKOAy- 
men,  -a,  -o,  -bi  magnani- 
mous, clement,  generous. 

BejiHKOJienHlwH  [v'll^ikA- 
Pepnty]  a  sh  f  BennKOJieueK, 
-a,  -o,  -H  splendid;  excellent,, 
fine. 

BCJiHHecTBeHHlbiH  [v'i^l^'i- 
ch^is'^t^v^mnty]  a  sh  f  bcjih- 
qecTsen  -a,  -o,  -w  majestic, 
grand;  magnificent. 

BejiHHHH|a  [v^il^ich^'ina]  / 
-bi,  pi-  BCJiHqHHbi,  eejiHmiH, 
seJiHqHHaM  1.  size  {extent, 
amount,  dimensions,  etc); 
2.  math  value;  quantity, 
magnitude. 

BcnoroHlKH  [v'^ilAgonlo]  / 
-KH,  -OK  cycle  race. 

BejiocHnefl  [v''ibs^ip'*et,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  bicycle. 

BCHJa  [v^en8]  /  -bi,  ^  vein 
(a  blood  vessel). 

BCHrepcKlMfi  [v*'i^ng*'er- 
sk^iy]  a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  Hunga- 
rian. 

BCHrp  [v'engr]  m  -a,  -ob 
Hungarian. 

BeHecy3Ji|ei;  [v^m^isuel'its, 
-dz]  m  -bua,  -bueB  Venezue- 
lan. 

BenecyajibCK  |hh  [v*'in'*isuel**- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  Ven- 
ezuelan. 

BCHHK  [v^en^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-ob  besom  {a  broom). 

BeHJOK  [vM^nok,  -g]  m  -ksl, 
-KOB  wreath;  garland, 

BeHTH.!iHTOp  [v^m^'t^iPatar] 


m  -a,  -ob  fan  {for  ventila- 
tion); ventilator. 

Bep|a  [v^era]  /  -bi  1.  be- 
lief, faith,  trust;  2.  religion, 
creed . 

Bep6|a  [v^'erba]  /  -bi,  -^ 
willow. 

Bep6jiK)fl  [v^i^rbl'ut,  -d]  m 
-a,  -ob  camel. 

^  Bep61oBaTb  [v^'irbAvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib  p  -obslji, 
imp  -yfi  saJBepGoBaTb  [za- 
v^irbAvat'']  perf  recruit  {peo- 
ple). 

BepeBJKa  [v^'i^r^'ofka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  cord,  rope,  string;  ~Ka 
AJiH  6ejibH  (clothes-)line. 

BeplHTb  [v^'er^it'']  imperf 
-K), -Huib,  p-nji,  ifnp  -b,  noiBc- 
pHTb  [pAV^er^'it^j  perf  '\.: 
~HTb  B  Koro-Ji.  [bo  mo-Ji.] 
believe  in  smb  [smthj;  2.; 
~HTb  KOMy-Ji.  [qeMy-ji.]  be- 
lieve smb  [smth];  trust  smb; 

■0      ~HTb     KOMy-Jl.      Ha     CJIOBO 

take  smb's  words  on  trust, 
take  smb  at  his  word. 

BepHo  [v'^erna]  I  adv  1. 
correctly,  right;  ~  roBoprixb 
be  right;  2.  faithfully,  loy- 
ally; 

II  parenth  col  probably,  most 
likely;  oh,  — ,  yexaji  he  must 
have  left; 

<>  coBepuieHHO  ~!  quite 
right!,  quite  so! 

BepHJyxb  [v^i^rnut'']  perf 
-y,  -eiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
1.  return,  give  back;  2.  re- 
cover, get  back;  win  back; 
3.  make  {smb)  return,  bring 
{smb)  back. 

BepHlyTbcsi  [v^'i^rnuttja] 
perf    -ycb,   -eiubca,  p  -yJica, 


Bep 


-  36 


-yjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb 
return,  come  back;  -~yTbCH 
K  Bonpocy  return  to  a  ques- 
tion. 

BepHJbiH  [v^ernjyj  a  sh  f 
BepeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  1.  cor- 
rect, true,  right;  2.  faithful, 
loyal,  true;  3.  reliable  {source, 
etc)',  ~oe  cpe^CTBo  unfail- 
ing remedy  /  means;  4.  cer- 
tain (death);  sure-  (sign); 
<>  HTO  -^o,  TO  --0  there's 
no  denying  that. 

BepoHcnoeeAaHHle  [v^era- 
ispAv^edan^iya]  n  -h.  -h  re- 
ligion; denomination  {a  reli- 
gious group). 

eepojioMHlbiH  [v'^irAlomniy] 
a  sh  f  BepoJioMeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
perfidious,  treacherous. 

eepoMTHO  [v^irAyatna]  par- 
enth  probably;  oh,  ~  ymeji 
probably  he  has  left,  he 
must  have  left. 

BepoHTHocTJb  [v^irAyat- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]'  /  -h  probabil- 
ity; no  Bcefl  ~H  in  all  prob- 
ability. 

BepoflTH|b!H  [v^irAyatnty] 
a  sh  f  BepoHTeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
probable,  likely. 

BepcHffl  [v^'ers^iya]  /  -h, 
-H     version  {of   an    account). 

BCplxeTb  [vH^Ti^ix^\imperf 
-qy,  BepTHUJb,  p  -leji,  imp 
-TH  1.  twirl;  twist  about, 
twiddle;  2.:  -^-TeTb  tojioboh 
turn  one's  head  hither  and 
thither;  3.  fig  col:  —xexb 
KCM-ji.  twist  smb  round  one's 
finger. 

BeplxeTbcfl  [v'i^rt^ettja] 
imperf  -nycb,  BepTHiiibCH,  p 
-Te^ca,    -le^iacb,    imp  -iHCb, 


-THTecb  1.  turn  (round),  re- 
volve; 2.  fidget,  move  about 
{in  a  restless  way); 
<>  —TexbCJi  B  rojioBe  col  run 
in  one's  head  /  mind  {of  a 
word,  idea,  etc);  ~xexbc«  noA 
HoraMH    col    be   in    the  way 

BepxHKajibHJbiH  [v^'irt^ikal^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  BepxHKajieH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  vertical  {line,    etc). 

Bepxojiex  [v^irtAPot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  helicopter. 

Bep(j}|b  [v'^erf^,  -v^]  /  -h, 
-eft  shipyard;  dockyard. 

Bepx  [v^erkh,  -gh]  m  -a 
(-y)  1.  top  {of  a  house,  box, 
etc);  2;  height  {of  ambition, 
etc);  ^  6jia>KeHCTBa  height 
of  bliss;  ~  coeepmeHCTBa  the 
peak  of  perfection; 
<>  OAep«axb  ^  gain  the 
upper  hand. 

BepxH|HH  [v^erkhn^iy]  a 
1.  .  upper;  2.:  ~ee  nJiaxbe 
outdoor  wear,  street  clothes 
{such  as  overcoat,  raincoat, 
etc). 

BcpxoBHbiH  [v^i^rkhovniy] 
a  supreme. 

BepxoBble  [v^i^rkhov'ys]  n 
-H,  -en  upper  reaches;  river- 
-head. 

BepxoM  [v^i^rkhom]  adv 
astride;  on  horseback. 

Bepxyuj|Ka  [v^i^rkhushka]  / 
-KH.  -eK  1.  top  {of  a  tree, 
mountain,  etc);  2.  col  the  up- 
per crust;  top  leaders;  npa- 
BHmaH    — Ka  ruling  clique, 

BepmHH|a  [v^i^rshlna]  / 
-bi,  ~  top,  summit,  peak. 

Bee  [v^es,  -z]  m  -a  (-y) 
1.  weight  {of  a  thing);  Ha  — 
by  weight;    --cm   B  Tpn  kh- 


37 


Btt 


jiorpaMMa  weighing  three  kil- 
ograms; npH6aBHTb  [y6aBHTb] 
B  -— e  put  on  [lose]  weight; 
2.  fig  influence,  authority, 
weight; 

•0  yjiejibHbiH  —  1)  specific 
weight;  2)  fig  share,  propor- 
tion. 

BCCejllHTbCJl     [V^IS^i^PittS9] 

imperf  -locb,  -HUibCfl,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -Picb,  -Hxecb  have 
fun,  enjoy  oneself,  make 
merry,  have  a  good  time. 

Becejibiii  [v^i^s^olly]  a  sh  f 
Beceji,  secejia,  secejio,  ne- 
cejibi  merry,  gay,  cheerful, 
lively. 

BeceHHHH  [v^i^^s^en^n^'iy]  a 
spring  {time,  etc). 

eecjHTb  [v^'es^it^]  imperf 
eemy,  -nuib,  p  -hji  weigh 
{have  a  certain  weight). 

BecK|HH  [v^'esk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  bccok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  weighty  {argument,  word, 
etc) . 

Becjito  [v^i^slo]  rt  -a,  pi 
Becjia,  Beceji,  Bec.TiaM  oar; 
scull;  paddle  {of  a  canoe); 
HATH  Ha  Becjiax  row,  row  a 
boat. 

BCCHla  [v^i^sna]  /  -bi,  pi 
eecHbi,  BeccH,  BecHajvi  spring 
(a  season), 

BCCHofi  [v^i^snoy]  adv  in 
spring;  6yAymeH  [npoiuJiOH] 
~  next  [last]  spring. 

BecHyiii|Ka  [v^i^snushks]  / 
-KH,  -eK  {mostly   pi)   freckle. 

eecTH  [v^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
BeAy,  BeAeuib,  p  bcji,  Bejia, 
imp  BeAH,  nojBecTH  [pav^i^- 
s^t'i]  perf  a  concrete  action, 
movement  in  a  definite  direc- 


tion—\,    3  [cf  BOAHTb   1,   2] 

1.  lead  (a  horse,  blind  man, 
etc;   smb    by    the   hand,  etc); 

2.  conduct,  direct,  run;  -~ 
co6paHHe  preside  over  a 
meeting;  ~  xoshhctbo  keep 
house;  3.  drive  {a  car);  4.  {no 
perf)  lead  {of  a  road,  etc); 
5.  {no  perf)  carry  on  {nego- 
tiations, propaganda,  etc); 
~  6opb6y  wage  a  struggle; 
~  nepeoHCKy  c  KeM-Ji.  cor- 
respond with  smb; 

<>  ~  ce6H  behave. 

BecTH6K)Jijb  [v^is^t^ib^uP] 
m  -51,  -en  hall,   lobby. 

BecTJb  [v^esH'',  -z^'d^]  / 
-H,  -eft  news,  word; 

<>  nponacTb  6e3  eecxH  be 
missing  (in  action). 

Beclbi  [v^i^sl]  pi  -OB  scales, 
balance. 

eecb  [v^es'',  -z^]  1  pron 
def  m  Bcero,  BceNiy,  —  (scero), 
BceM,  (o6o)  BceM,  bch  /,  Bce 
n,  Bce  all,  (the)  whole, 
the  whole  of;  no  Bceft  cxpane 
all  over  the  country,  through- 
out the  country;  bo  bccm 
MHpe  all  over  the  world; 
II  as  a  noun  1.  Bce  p/  -x 
all;  everybody;  2.  Bce  n 
Bcero  everything,  all; 
<>  Bcero  xopoiuero!  good-bye! 

BecbMa  [v^'i^s^'ma]  adv  high- 
ly, greatly;  rather  {interesting, 
etc). 

BeTJep  [v^et^ir]  m  -pa  (-py), 
pi  -pbi,  -poB  wind  {air  in 
motion); 

O  ^pocaxb  cjioBa  na  ~ep 
speak  to  the  wind;  y  Hero 
~ep  B  rojioBe  col  he  is 
light-minded/  empty-headed. 


Bet 


S8-* 


BerepHHap  [v*'it^ir^inar]  m 
-a,  -OB  veterinary    (surgeon). 

BerlKa  [v^etlo]  / -KH,  -ok  1. 
branch  {of  a  tree);  twig;  2.: 
jKejiesHOAopo^Han  ~Ka  rly 
branch  line. 

BeTpeH|biH  [v^etr^iniy]  a  sh 
/  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  windy 
{day,  etc);  2.  fig  frivolous, 
empty-headed;  flighty. 

BerxJHH  [v^etkh^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  -^,  -a,  -o,  -h 
decrepit;  ramshackle;  thread- 
bare {clothes). 

BeTHHHJa  [v'lf'ch^ina]  /  -bi 
ham  {food). 

BCHep  [v^ech''ir]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  evening;  no  '-aw 
in  the  evening(s);  2.  (eve- 
ning) party,  social. 

BCMepHHH  [v^'i^ch^ern^iy]  a 
evening  {paper,  dress,  etc). 

Be«jepOM  [v^ech'^iram]  adv  in 
the  evening;  ceroAHH  --  this 
evening;  tonight  {before  mid- 
night); Bqepa  [aaexpa]  — 
yesterday  [tomorrow]  evening; 
last  [tomorrow]  night  {before 
midnight). 

ne4H|biH  [v^ech'^niy]  a  sh  f 
BeweH,  -a,  -o,  -u  eternal, 
everlasting;  perpetual;  na 
— bie  BpeMena  for  ever. 

Bemaji|Ka  [v^eshalka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  I.  peg  {for  hanging  up 
things);  stand  {for  coats  and, 
hats);  hanger  {for  clothes); 
2.  cloak-room  {for  coats  and 
hats);  3.  tab,  hanger  {of  a 
coat,  etc). 

Bemlaxb  I  [v'^eshat*']  imperf 
-BK),  aeiub,  noBejCHTb  [pAV^'e- 
s^if"]  per f -luy,  -cHmb,p  -chji, 
imp  -Cb    hang,    hang  up. 


Beiuarb  II  [v^eshat**]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  ciBeiijaTb 
[s'^v^eshat^]  perf  weigh, 
weigh  out. 

BCLuy  [v^eshu]    see  secHTb. 

BemecTBJo  [v'^ish^ii^stvo]  n 
-a,  BemecTB  matter,  sub- 
stance; oxpaBJiHramHe  ~  a  poi- 
son-gases; BspbiBMaxbie  ~a 
explosives. 

Bemjb  [v^esh^:,  -zh^:]  /  h, 
pi  -H,  -eH  1.  thing  (1)  any 
object;  2)  a  fact,  idea,  etc);  2. 
pi  things,  belongings;  clothes; 
luggage,  baggage;  3.  work 
{a  literary,  etc,  composition); 
3T0  xopouian  ~b  this  is  a 
good  book    [play,  piece,  etc]. 

BCK)  [v^eyu],  Beeuib  [v^e- 
yash,  -zh]  $ee  BCJixb. 

BefljiJKa  [v^eyalka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  winnowing-fan,    winnow. 

BeflHHJe  [v'^eyan^'iya]  n  -h, 
-H  1.  blowing  {of  wind);  2. 
trend,  tendency;  HOBbie  ~h 
new  ideas  /  trends. 

BCHTb  [v^eyat^]  imperf  bck), 
Beeuib,  p  bchji,  imp  Beii 
1.  blow  {of  wind);  2.  winnow 
{grain). 

B3a;i  [vzat]  adv:  —  h  Bne- 
peA  to  and  fro,  backwards 
and  forwards,  back  and  forth. 

BsaHMHlbiH  [vzAimniy]  a 
sh  f  BaaHMeH,  -a,  -o,  -h  mu- 
tual, reciprocal. 

B3aHM0AeHCTBH|e  [vzaimA- 
d^'eys^t^v^iya]  n  -h,  -u  inter- 
action; co-operation. 

BaaHMooTHomeHM  |e  [  vzaimA- 
AtnAshen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  inter- 
relation; ^-h  Me>KAy  cipana- 
MH  relations  between  coun- 
tries. 


—  39  — 


B3M 


B3aHMon6Moiu|b  [vz8imAp6- 
mash^:,  -zh*':]  /  -h  mutual 
assistance;  mutual  aid. 

BsaHMonoHHMaHH  I  e  [  vzAima- 
pan^iman^iya]  n  -a  mutual 
understanding. 

BsaAMbi  [vzAym*!  adv:  bshtb 
^  borrow,  obtain  on  loan; 
AaTb  —  lend  {money,  etc). 

BsaMCH  .[vzAm^en]    1    adv 
instead;  in  exchange; 
II  prep  with  gen  instead  of;  in 
exchange  for,  in  return  for. 

B36epHCb  [vzh^'i^r^is^,  -z^j, 
BsSepHTCCb  [vzb^i^r'it^is^.-z^j 
imp  of  B3o6paTbCH;  see  bsCh- 
paxbca. 

B36€pycb  [vzb'i^rus^,  -z^], 
B36epeuibC5i  [vzb'i^r^shs'a] 
Jst  &  2nd  persons  of  B3o6paTb- 
ch;  see  BsSHpaibCH. 

B36ecHTb  see  6ecHTb. 

BsSecHTbCfl  see  6ecHTbCH. 

B36HplaTbCJi  [vzbMratt^a] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -^euJbCH,  b30- 
6pa|TbC5i  [vzAbratt§a]  perf 
B36epycb,  B36epembCH,  p  -jich, 
-Jiacb,  imp  B36epHCb,  B36e- 
pHTecb  climb  (up)  (a  hill, 
e/c);  climb  {on  to). 

B3BeCHT|>  see   B3BeUIHBaTb. 

B3BeujHB{aTb  [yzv^eshiyat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  B3Be|ci{Tt> 
[vzv^es^it*]  perf  -my,  -pHuib, 
p  'CHJi,  imp  -cb  weigh,  weigh 
out. 

B3B0A  [vzvot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
mil  platoon. 

B3BOJlH6BaHH|blJI      [VZVAlnO- 

vanniy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  bsboji- 
p6BaH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  agitated, 
troubled,  perturbed;  anxious, 
uneasy;  excited  {by  some  news, 
etc). 


B3B0JIH0BaTb  See  BOJIHOBaTb. 
B3B0JIH0BaTbCfl      SCe     BOJIHO- 
BaTbCH. 

B3rjiflA[vzgl^at,  -d]  m  -a,  -oe 

1.  look,  glance;  stare,    gaze; 

2.  view,  opinion; 

<>  Ha  nepBuii  —  on  the  face 
of  it;  c  nepBoro  -^a  at  first 
sight. 

BsrjisiHlyTb  [vzgl^i^nut^] 
perf  -y,  BSPJiflHemi?,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  have  a  look  {at),  cast 
a  glance  {at),  look  {at). 

B3flop  [vzdor]  m  -a  non- 
sense; stuff  and  nonsense. 

BSAOXHyrb  see  BSAHxaib  1. 

B3flparHB|aTb  [vzdrag^ivat**] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  BSflpor* 
Hlytb  [vzdr6gnut**]  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  start, 
flinch. 

B3AwxliTb  [vzdikh^t^]  /m- 
perf' -aK>,  ^aemb,  B3A0XH|yTb 
[vzdAkhnut^]  perf  -y,  -emb, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  1.  sigh  {with 
sadness,  etc);  2.  {no  perf)  sigh 
{for),  yearn  {for);  be  sweet 
{on); 

<>  BSAoxHyxb  cbo66aho  breathe 
freely  /  again. 

BSHMlajb  [vz^'imat*']  imperf 
-aio,  -apuib  levy,  collect; 
raise  {taxes,  etc). 

B3JieT|aTb  [vz^l^i^tat^]  im- 
perf .aio,  -§eiiib,  B3Jie|TeTb 
[vz^Pi^t^et'l  perf  -qy,  -THmb, 
p  -xeji,  imp  -TH  fly  up;  take 
off  {of  an  aircraft); 
<>  B3jieTeTb  Ha  BdsAyx  blow 
up. 

B3MaxHB|aTb  [vzmakh^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
B3MaxH|yTb  [vzmAkhnut^i 
perf  -y,  -emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 


B3M 


—  40  — 


flap  (wings);  wave  {hands, 
a  kerchief,  etc). 

BSMOpble  [vzmor^'ya]  n  -h 
seaside;  seashore;  beach  {of 
a  sea). 

B3H0C  [vznos,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  mstalment,        payment; 

2.  payment  {the  amount  paid); 
HjieHCKHe  -~bi  membership 
dues;  BCiynHTeJibHUH  ~  en- 
trance fee. 

B3o6paTbCH  see  esSHpaTbCH. 

B30HTH  seeBcxoj\mb. 

B30p  [vzor]  m  -a,  -oe  look; 
gaze;  ycxpeMHib  ^  Ha  kofo-ji. 
fix  one's  eyes  on  smb;  see 
--bi  6biJiH  npHKoeaHbi  k  cuene 
everybody's  eyes  were  fixed 
on  the  stage. 

BsopBaxb  see  BspbieaTb. 

B3p6cjibiif  [vzrosliy]  a  {also 
used  as  a  noun  B3p6cjilbiH 
m  -oro,  -bix)  grown-up,  adult. 

B3pbiB  [vzrif,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  explosion;  2.  fig  burst, 
outburst,  explosion. 

B3pbiB|aTb  [vzrivat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiiib,  BsopBlaxb  [vzAr- 
vat^]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  -aji, 
-ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  /mp-riblow 
up,  explode;  blast;  set  off 
(a  charge). 

B3bicKaHH|e  [vztskan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  punishment,  penalty; 
formal  reprimand. 

BSMTJKa  [vz^atka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  bribe,  graft. 

B35iTb  see  6paTb. 

BsnTbCH  see  SpaxbCH. 

BHfl  I  [v^it,  -d]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -bi,  -08  1.  appearance,  look, 
air;  y  Hero  njioxoft  ~  he 
doesn't  look  well;  eMy  Ha  ~- 
jiex  copoK  he  looks  about  40; 


2.  view,  scene,  sight;  ~  na 
Mope  view  of  the  sea;  Kpa- 
CHBbiH  ~  beautiful  sight; 
beautiful  landscape;  3.  pi 
views,  prospects;  4.  sight 
{space  within  vision);  ckpuxb- 
CH  H3  BHAy  disappear,  pass 
out  of  sight;  noxepnxb  hb 
BHAy  lose  sight  of;  npH  —e 
at  the  sight  {of); 
<>  HMexb  B  ~y  1)  mean, 
imply;  2)  bear  in  mind; 
3)  intend;  HMeiixeB  --^,  hxo... 
mind  that...;  hh  uojk  KaKHM 
—CM  by  no  means,  on  no 
account;  noA  ~om  under  the 
guise  {of). 

BHA  II  [v'^it,  -d]  m  -a(-y), 
pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  kind,  sort; 
2.  biol  species;  3.  ling  as- 
pect. 

BHAJexb    [v^id^'it'*]     imperf 

BH>Ky,    -HUJb,    p   -ejl,    yiBHACXb 

[uv^id^'it^]  perf  1.  see  '  {light, 
things,  etc);  2.  {no  perf)  see 
{have  sight);  h  xopomo  [njio- 
xo]  BHJKy  I  have  good  [poor] 
eyesight;  3.  meet,  see;  AaBHO 
H  Bac  He  —eji!  it's  a  long 
time  since  I  saw  you!;  4.  live 
through,  see,  experience; 
5.  fig  see,  realize; 

<0>     BHAeXb     KOrO-JI.      HaCKBOSb 

see  through  smb. 

BHAlexbCH  [v'^id^ittsa]  im- 
perf BHMCyCb,   -HUIbCH,  P  -eACH, 

-ejiacb,  y-BHAexbCJi  [uv^'id^'i- 
ttja]  perf  see  each  other,  meet. 

BHAMMO  [v^id^'ima]  parenth 
evidently. 

BHAHO  [v^idna]  I  impers 
predic:  MHe  xe6H  ne  ^  I  don't 
see  you;  6biJio  xopomo  ^  one 
could  see  well;  caMOAexa  euie 


—  41  — 


BHT 


He  --  the  plane  is  not  in 
sight  yet;  '~',  mto  oh  npHro- 
TOBHji  ypoK  it  is  clear  that 
he's  done  his  lesson; 
II  parenth  evidently;  proba- 
bly. 

bhahIbih  [v^idniy].  a  sh  f 
BHAen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  1.  visi- 
ble, seen;  conspicuous,  notice- 
able; 2.  distinguished,  prom- 
inent; 3.  col  portly,  hand- 
some. 

BM«y  [v^izhuj    see  BHAeTb. 

BHJKycb  [v^izhus^,    -z^]  see 

BH^eTbCH. 

BH3r  [v'isk,  -zg]  m  -a  (-y) 
squeal,  screech;  yelp. 

BH3)K|aTb  [v^izh^:at^]  im- 
perf  -y,  -Hiiib,  p  -aji,  imp  -h 
squeal,  screech;  squall;  yelp. 

BH3HT  [v^iz^it,  -d]  m  -a, 
-03  visit,  call. 

BHJi  [v^il],  BHJia  [v^ila]  see 

BHTb. 

BHji|Ka  [v^ilka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
fork  {to  take  up  food). 

BHjicfl  [v^ils^a],  BHjiacb  [v^i- 
las^,  -z^]  see  BHTbCH. 

BHjijbi  [v^iU]  pi  —  pitch- 
fork, fork; 

<>  ~aMH  Ha  /  no  Bojie  nHca- 
HO  ^  it  is  none  so  sure,  it 
is  still  very  vague. 

BHHJa  [v^ina]  /  -h  guilt; 
fault,  blame;  no  ~e  Koro-ji, 
through  smb's  fault;  CTasHTb 
KOMy-ji.  B  ^y  blame  smb, 
reproach  smb;  ceajiHTb  ~y 
Ha  Koro-ji.  lay  the  blame  on 
smb. 

BHHerpex  [v^'in^i^gr^'et,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  Russian  salad. 

BHHJHTb  [v^in^it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Hjub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  blame. 


bhh|6  [v^ino]  n  -a,  pi 
BHHa,  -~,  BHHaM  wine. 

BMHOBaxlbiH      [v^inAvatiy] 
a  s/i  /  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi    guilty; 
—biH    B3rjiH;^     guilty     look; 
apologetic  look; 
<>  —I  sorry! 

bhh6bhmk  [v^inovn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  he  who  is  guilty; 
he  who  is  to  blame;  culprit, 
offender; 

<>  •—  TopjKecTBa  hero  of  the 
festivities. 

BHHorpaA  [v^inAgrat,  -d]  m 
-a  grapes;  vine. 

BHHorpaAHHK  [v^inAgrad^- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  vineyard. 

BHHT  [v^int,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  screw  {for  fasten- 
ing); 2.  (screw-)propeller. 

BHHTOBJKa  [v^intofka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  rifle. 

BHOJIOHHeJilb  [v^i8lAn^- 

ch^eP]  /  -H,  -eft  cello. 

BHcjeTb  [v^is^et^]  imperf 
BHmy,  -Huib,  p  -eji,  imp  -h 
hang;  be' suspended. 

BHcloK  [v^isok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
pi  -KH,  -KOB  temple  {of  the 
head). 

BHTpHHla  [v^itr^ina]  /  -bi, 
-~  1.  shop  window;  2.  show- 
-case. 

BHTb    [v^it'']    imperf   BbK), 

BbeUIb,  p  BHJI,  BHJia,   BHJIO,  BH- 

jiH,  imp  Beft,  CBH|Tb  [s^v^it''] 
perf  coBbK),  coBbeuib,  p  -ji, 
-jia,  -Jio,  -jiH,  imp  CBCH  twist 
{wind  together);  weave; 
<>  CBHTb  rHe3A6  build  a  nest. 
BHTbCJi  [v^ittja]  imperf  Bbex- 

CH,   p     BHJICH,      BHJiaCb  1.    CUfl 

{of  hair);  2.  wind,    meander; 
3,    hover     {of     birds,     etc). 


BHX 


42  — 


BHXpjb  [v^ikhr^]  m  -h,  -eft 
whirlwind  {also  fig). 

BHUiJHfl  [v^'ishn^a]  /  -hh, 
-eH  cherry;  cherry-tree. 

BHiuy  [v^'ishu]    see   BHceib. 

BKjiaA  [fklat,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  deposit  {money  put  in  a 
bank);  investment;  2.  contri- 
bution {to  science,  etc). 

BKJiaAWBlaTb  [fkladivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  BJio}K|HTb 
[vlAzhlt^]  perf  -y,  BJi6>KHiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  put  in, 
insert;  ~aTb  MHorocH/i  [snep- 
thh]  apply  much  effort  [ener- 
gy] {to);  2.  invest    {money). 

BKJii04|aTb  [fkPuch^at^]  im- 
perf  -aiO,     -aeilJb,     BKJIK)4|HTb 

[fkl^uch^if]'  perf  -y,  -ikuib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  include  {in); 
insert;  2.  include,  contain, 
embrace;  3.  technot  engage, 
start;  switch  on  {make  an  elec- 
tric circuit). 

BKjiiOHJaTbcj!  [f  kPuch^'attsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  bkjik)- 
H|HTbCM    [fk^uch'^ittja]    perf 

-yCb,   -HIlIbCH,  p  -HJICH,  -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  join  in;  enter 
{engage  in). 

BKjuoMan  [fkPuch^aya]  prep 
with  ace  including;  included. 

BKjiioHHTejibHo  [fkl^'uch^i- 
t^iPna]  adv  included. 

BKJIIOHHTb   see   BKJIIOMaTb. 
BKJIIOHHTbCSI  see  BKJIIOqaTbCH. 

BKocb  [fkos^,  -z^]  adv  ob- 
liquely; 

<>  BKpHBb  H  ~  1)  in  a  slip- 
shod/disorderly manner;  2)  fig 
perversely,  in  the  wrong  way. 

BKpaTue  [fkrats9]  adv  brief- 
ly, in  short. 

BKyc  [fkus,    -z]   m  -a  (-y), 


-OB  taste;  6biTb  cjia^KHM  na  — 
taste  sweet;  y  Hero  xopoiunft 
~  he  shows  good  taste;  co 
~0M  tastefully;  npHHTHCb  no 
--y  KOMy-ji.  be  to  smb's 
taste,  suit  smb's  taste;  be 
just  what  one  wants;  o  ~ax 
He  cnopHT  •  tastes  differ; 
<>  BXOflHTb  BO  ~  Hero-Ji. 
begin  to  enjoy  smth. 

BKycHlwH  [fkusniy]  a  sh  f 
BKycen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  tasty, 
palatable;  delicious  {food); 
KaK  ^o!  it  does  taste   good! 

BJiar|a  [vlaga]  /  -h  mois- 
ture. 

Bjiaflejileu  [vUd^el^its,  -dz] 
m  -bua,  -bueB  owner,  propri- 
etor. 

BjiaAJeTb  [vlAd^ef*]  imperf 
-eio,  -eeiiib  1,  possess,  own, 
have;  2.  be  able  to  use,  know 
how  to  use;  wield  {a  weapon, 
etc);  BJia^eTb  HHOcipaHHbiM 
HSbiKOM  know  a  foreign  lan- 
guage; 3.  fig  possess,  occupy 
{of  a  thought,  etc); 
<>  BjiaA^Tb  co66fi  control 
oneself. 

BJiax(H|Mfi  [vlazhnty]  a  shf 
BJiajKen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  damp; 
moist,  humid;  wet  {wind,  etc). 

BJiacTHlwH  [vlasniy]  ashf 
BJiacTeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  imperious, 
commanding;  —hh  ^ejiOBCK 
masterful  person;  — wh  toh 
peremptory  tone. 

BJiacT|b  [vlasM^,  -z^d**]  / 
-H,  pi  -H,  -efl  1.  power,  au- 
thority; coBeicKan  ~b  Soviet 
power,  Soviet  Government; 
~b  Ha  Mecxax  local  authori- 
ties; CTOHTby  ~H  be  in  pow- 
er; 2.  pi  authorities. 


43  — 


BMC 


BJieeo  [vl^eva]  adv  to  the 
left;  —  oTMero-ji.  to  the  left 
of  smth;  on  the  left  of  smth. 

BjiesjaTb  [vPi^zat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiub,  ejieslib  [vl^es^t^] 
perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  —,  -Jia,  imp 
-b  1.  climb  (up)  {a  tree,  etc); 
climb  {on  to);  2.  get  in,  climb 
in;  get  (into),  climb  (into); 
3.  col  go  in  {when  there  is 
enough  room);  go  {into  a  con- 
tainer). 

BJicH  [vl^ey]  imp  of  BJiHXb; 
see  BjiHBaTb. 

BjieHeHHJe  [vl^i'^ch^en^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  bent  {for),  inclination 
{for);  attraction  {to  smb); 
HMexb  ~e  K  Heuy-Ji.  [k  ko- 
My-Ji.]  be  drawn  to  smth  [to 
smb]. 

BJie|Hb  [vPech^]  imperf  -Ky, 
-Meiiib,  p  BJieK,  -KJia  draw, 
attract  {excite  interest,  etc); 
<>  ~Hb  3a  co66h  involve, 
entail. 

BjiHBJaTb  [vPivat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiub,  BjiHlxb  [vPit^] 
perf  BOjibK),  BOJibeuib,  p  -ji, 
-jik,  -jio,  -jiH,  imp  Bjiefi  1.  pour 
in  {a  liquid);  pour  {a  liquid 
into  smth);  2  fig  give,  instil 
{courage,  etc). 

BJiHjiHH|e  [vl^iyan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  influence  {on);  OKa- 
sbiBaib  --e  exert  influence, 
influence;  2.  authority,  influ- 
ence. 

BjiHnrejibHJbiii  [vl^iyat^iP- 
niy]  a  sh  f  BjiHHTejien,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  influential. 

BJiHl«Tb  [vl^iyat'']  imperf 
-Hio.  -Heiub,  nojBJiHaTb  [pa- 
vl^iyat^]  perf  influence;  af- 
fect, have  an  effect  {on). 


BJIKCM  fve-el-ka-es-em] 
ahbrev  (m)  (=BcecoK)3Hbm  Jle- 

HHHCKHH       KOMMyHHCTH^eCKHH 

CoK)3  MojioAe>KH)  L.Y.C.L.S.U. 
(Leninist  Young  Commu- 
nist League  of  the  Soviet 
Union). 

BJlOJKHTb   see    EKJia^blBaXb. 
BJIH)5HTbC5I  see  BJlK)6jlHTbC5I. 

BJiK)6jilflTbC5i  [vPubPattsa] 
imperf  -Hiocb,  -neiubCH,  bjiw- 
S'lHTbcsi       [vl^ub^ittja]    perf 

-JIK)Cb,    BJllb6HmbCH,    p    -HJICH, 

-HJiacB,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  fall 
in  love  {with). 

BMecre  [vm^es^t^i]  adv  to- 
gether; 
<>  ■--  c  TCM  at  the  same  time. 

BMecTMTejibH|biH  [vm^i^- 
s^f'it^il^niy]  a  sh  f  bmccth- 
TCJiCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  spacious, 
roomy. 

BMCcTHTb  see  BMemaxb. 

BMecTMTbCM  see  BMemaxbCH. 

BMecTO  [vm^esta]  prep  with 
gen  instead  of,  in  place  of; 
~  Toro,  HT66bi  noHTH  ry^a, 
OH...  instead  of  going  there 
he... 

BMeuiarejibCTB  ] o  [ vm^i^sha- 
t^il^stv9]  n  -a  interference 
{in);  intervention. 

BMeiuaibCfl  see  BMeiuHBaib- 

CH. 

BMeuiJHBaTbcw  [vm^eshiv9- 
i\s^]imperf  -HBaiocb,  -HBaeuib- 
CH,  BMeiii|aTbC5i  [vm^'i^sha- 
tts9]  perf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH  in- 
terfere (in);  meddle  {in);  step 
{in),  intervene. 

BMcmlaxb  [vm^i^sh^:at''] 
imperf  -aw,  -aeuib,  BMecxlHTb 
[vm^i^s^t^it^]  perf  BMemy, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJi   hold,    contain; 


BMe 


—  44 


seat  (0/  a  hall)',  accommodate 
(0/  a  block  of  flats,  etc). 

BMem|aTbCJi  [vm^'i^sh^ia- 
ttja]  imperf  -aK)Cb,  -aeuibCH, 
BMCCTlHTbCJi  [vm^i^s^'t^ittsa] 
perf  BMemycb,  -HuibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb  go  in  {when 
there  is  enough  room);  go 
{into  a  container). 

BMHr  [vmik,  -g]  adv  in  an 
instant,  in  no  time. 

BHacM  [vnAyom],  BHafiMbi 
[vnAymt]  adv:  Spaxb  —  liire; 
rent  {from  smb);  CAaaaxb  — 
hire  -out;  let,  rent. 

BHanajie  [vnAch^'al^i]  adv 
at  first,  in  the  beginning. 

BHe  [vn**e]  prep  with  gen 
outside,  out  of;  ^  KOHKypca 
hors  concours;  ~  njiana  not 
envisaged  by  the  plan;  over 
and  above  the  plan;  ~  no^o- 
speHHH  ^bove  suspicion;  ~ 
coMHeHHH  beyond  doubt; 
<^  —  ce6fl  beside  oneself. 

BHCApHTb    see   BHe^pHTb. 

BHCflplflTb  [vn^i^dr^'at^]  im- 
perf  -HK),      -neillb,      BHeflp|HTb 

[vn^'i^dr^'it-^]  perf  -ib,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  introduce  {new 
methods  of  production,  etc, 
in  industry,  etc);  inculcate, 
instil. 

BHeaanHo  [vn^i^zapna]  adv 
suddenly,  all  of  a  sudden. 

BHeoHepeflHOH  [vn^'iAch^'i- 
r^'i^dnoy]  a  1.  out  of  turn,  out 
of  order;  2.  extraordinary, 
special  {session,  etc). 

BHCCTH   see   BHOCHTb. 

BHeuiHHH  [vn^eshn^'iy]  a  1. 
outward,  external;  2.  foreign 
{policy,  trade). 

BHeuH0CT|b   [vn^'eshnas^'t'', 


-z^d^j  /j-H  appearance,  look(s); 
exterior. 

BHH3  [vn^is,  -z]  adv  1. 
down,  downwards,  below; 
cnycKaTbCH  —  go  down,  de- 
scend; go  downstairs;  2.:  ^ 
no  TeMeHHK)  downstream;  -^ 
no  Okc  down  the  Oka. 

BHHsy  [vn^izu]  I  adv  below 
{in    a    lower    place);    down- 
stairs {on  a  lower  floor); 
II  prep  with  gen  at  the  bot- 
tom of,  at  the  foot  of. 

BHHKlaib  [vn^ikat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  BHiiKH|yTb  [vn^ik- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  bhhk, 
BHHKJia,  imp  -H  try  to  under- 
stand, go  deep  {into);  scru- 
tinize, examine  carefully  (a 
matter,  etc). 

BHHMaHHJe  [vn^iman^iya]  rt 
-H  1.  attention;  o6paTHTb  —e 
Ha  qTo-ji.  pay  attention  to 
smth;  o6paTHTb  qbe-ji.  —eHa 
qjo-ji.  draw  smb's  attention 
to  smth;  2.  kindness  {to), 
consideration  {for),  ccnsider- 
ateness; 

<>  npMHHTb  BO  --e  take  into 
consideration  /  account. 

BHHMaTejibH|biM  [vn^ima- 
f'lPniy]  a  sh  f  BHHMaxejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  attentive;  care- 
ful; 2.  considerate,  kind  {to), 
thoughtful  {of). 

BHHHbK)  [vn^ich^yu]  adv: 
Hrpa  oKOHMHjiacb  --  the  game 
ended  in  a  draw;  cbirparb  — ' 
draw  {a  game). 

BHOBb  [vnof^,  -v^]  adv  1. 
anew,  again;  once  more;  2. 
newly,  recently;  —  npH6biB- 
uiHii  1)  newly  arrived;  2)  new- 
-comer,  new  arrival;  —  Haaaa- 


45  — 


BOfl 


qeHHbiH  newly  appointed;  -- 
BbJmeAuiaH  KHHra  recently 
published  book. 

BHolcHTb  [vnAs^it*']  itTiperf 
-my,  BHocHiiib,  p  -cHJi,  imp 
-CH,  BHec|TH  [vn^i^s^t^i]  perf 
-y,  -eiiib,  p  BHec,  -Jia,  imp  -h 
1.  bring  in,  carry  in;  bring 
{into),  carry  (into);  2.  pay 
(in);  —CHTb  ;^eHbrH  pay  the 
money;  3.  introduce,  enter 
{write);  ~CHTb  HSMeHeHHH 
make  alterations;  ~cHTb  no- 
npaeKH  insert  amendments; 
make  corrections;  4.  move, 
submit  {a  proposal). 

BHyK  [vnuk,  -g]  m  -a,-0B 
grandson. 

BHyipeHHHH  [vnutr^m^n'iy] 
a  1.  inside;  internal,  inner 
{also  fig);  2.  home,  inland, 
internal  {not  foreign). 

BHyTpeHH0CT|b      [vnutr^m- 


n9sM^    -zM^]  / 


Pl 


■efl  1.  interior,  inside;    2.  pl 
internal  organs;  entrails. 

BHyxpH  [vnutr'^i]  I  adv  in- 
side, in  the  interior; 
II    prep    with    gen     inside, 
within,  in. 

BHyrpb    [vnutr^l  I  adv    in- 
side, inward; 
II  prep  with  gen  inside,  into. 

BHy4|Ka  [vnuch^ka]  /  -kh, 
-BK  granddaughter. 

BHyuijaxb  [vnushat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  BHyuilHTb  [vnu- 
shit^]  perf  -y,  -HUJb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  instil  {an  idea); 
bring  home  {to  smb  that...); 
impress  {on  smb  that...);  2. 
fill  {smb  with  a  certain  feel- 
ing); OH  -~aeT  yBa>KeHHehe 
commands    (everybody's)    re- 


spect; ~aTb  AOBepHe  be  trust- 
worthy. 

BHflTHlbifi  [vn^atnty]  ashf 
BHHTeH-,  -a,  -o,  -bi  distinct, 
audible,  comprehensible. 

BO  see  B. 

Bo6paTb  see  B6HpaTb. 

Bo6bK)  [vAb^yu],  Bo6beuib 
[vAb^yosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  BfiHTb;  see  BSHsaTb. 

BOBJieK|aTb  [vavl^i^kat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  BOBjie|Hb 
[vAvPech^]  perf  -Ky,  -Meuib, 
p  BOBJieK,  -KJia,  imp  -kh 
draw  {into  social  work,    etc). 

BOBpeMfl  [vovr^im'^a]  adv 
in  time;  opportunely;  He  -^ 
inopportunely;  at  the  wrong 
lime. 

BO-BTOpbix  [vaftArtkh]  par* 
enth  secondly. 

boa] a  [vAda]  /  -bi,  ace  B6;^y^ 
pl  BOAbi,  ^,  B6;;aM  water; 
rasHpoBaHHan  ~a  aerated 
water;  KHnHHenaH  ^a  boiled 
water;  uHTbeBan  ^a  drinking 
water;  cbipaH  ~a  unboiled 
water; 

<>         BblBeCTH  Ha         HHCTyiO 

BOAy  —  bring  to  light,  ex- 
pose, unmask;  bmhth  cyxHM  h3 
~bi  ^  fall  on  one's  feet; 
get  away  with  murder. 

BOAHTeji|b  [vAd^it^il^]  m 
-H,  -eft  driver  {of  a  mechani- 
cal vehicle). 

BOAlHTb  [VAd**it^]  imperf 
Boscy,  BOAHiub,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-H  [cf  BecTH  1,  3]  1.  lead 
{horses,  blind  people,  etc; 
smb  by  the  hand,  etc);  —HTb 
Aeieft  ryjiHTb  take  children 
for  a  walk;  2.  drive  {a  car, 
etc);  pilot  {a  plane);  3.:  -^mb 


Bo;i 


~  46  — 


3HaK6MCTBO  keep  up  an  ac- 
quaintance (with);  keep  up 
friendly  relations  (with); ^^Th 
ApyjK^y  c...  be  friends  with...; 

■<>       ~H[Tb       KOrO-Jl.       33.      HOC 

col  fool  smb,  dupe  smb. 
BOAJHTbCfl    [vAd^ittja]    im- 

perf  BOJKyCb,  BOAHIUbCH,  p 
-HJICH,       -HJiaCb,        imp        -HCb, 

-Hxecb  1.  {only  in  the  3rd 
person)  be  found,  be;  bojihtch 
JiH  4)ope;ib  B  3T0M  osepe?  are 
there  trout  in  this  lake?; 
2.  col  keep  company  {with), 
associate  {with);,  h  c  to66h 
He  Bo»[ycb  I'm  not  playing 
with  you  {of  children). 

BOflKJa  fvotks]  /  -H  vodka. 

BOAOBOpoT  [vadavArot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  whirlpool;  2. //g 
vortex. 

BOAoeM  [vadAyom]  m  -a, 
-OB  body  of  water;  reservoir 
{for  storing  water). 

BOAOjias  [vadAlas,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  diver  {working  under- 
water) . 

BOAonaA  [vadApat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  waterfall. 

BOAonpoBOA  [vadaprAvot, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  water-pipe,  wa- 
ter-main; running  water;  wa- 
ter-supply. 

BOAOpoA  [vadArot,  -d]  m 
-a  hydrogen. 

BOAopocjilb  [vodaras^l^]  / 
-H,  -eft  water-plant;  sea- 
weed. 

BOAOxpaHHjiHu;|e  [vada- 
khrAn^il^ish^:9]  n  -a,  ~  res- 
ervoir, storage  lake. 

BoeBaJTb  [vayi'-'vat^]  imperf 
BOioK),  Boioeiub,  p  -Ji,  imp 
BOK)H  be   at  war  {with),    fight 


{with,    against),    wage     war 
{against). 

BoeHHO...,  BoeHHO-...  first 
element  of  compounds  pertain- 
ing to  war  or  armed  forces: 
BoeHHonjieHHbiH  [vaymApPen- 
niy]  prisoner  of  war. 

BCeHHO-BOSAyUIHiblH    [VAyC- 

navAzdushniy]  a:  ~bie    chjiu 
Air  Force;  air  forces. 

BoeHHO-MopcKiOH  [vAyena- 
mATskoy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  na- 
val;  ~6h  (})J1ot  Navy. 

BoeHHOo6«3aHHibiH  [vaymA- 
Ab^azanniy]  m  -oro,  -bix 
reservist. 

BoeHHOcjiy3Kaui|HH  [vaymA- 
sluzhash^:iy]  m  -ero,  -hx 
serviceman,  soldier. 

BoeHHJHH  [vAyenniy]  I  a 
military,  war(-);  -^oe  nojio- 
>KeHHe  martial  law;  —bift 
saBOA  munition  factory; 
11  as  a  noun  BoeHHlbifl  m 
-orOj  -bix  serviceman,  soldier. 

BO)KaT|biH  [vAzhatiy]  m 
-oro,  -bix  1.  Young  Pioneer 
leader;  2.  col  tram-driver. 

BoxcAlb  [vosht^,  -zhd^]  m 
-H,  -eft  leader  {of  a  state, 
party);  chief  {of  a  tribe). 

BOJKy  I  [vAzhu]  see  BOAHTb. 

BO»y    II    [vAzhuJ    see   bo- 

SHTb. 

BOKycb  I  [vAzhus^,  -z^] 
see  BOAHTbCH. 

BOJKyCb    II    [vAzhus^,    -z^] 

see   BOSHTbCH. 

BOS  [vos,  -z]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  cart;  2.  cartful 
{of),  cart-load  {of). 

B03...,   BOG...  pref  of  verbs  . 
denoting  1.  upward   direction 
of      an      action:      BOSBOAHXb 


47  — 


[vazvAd^it^]  1)  erect  (a  build- 
ing, etc);  2)  elevate  {to  a 
post,  etc);  3)  raise,  lift  up 
{eyes,  hands);  2.  repetition  of 
an  action  or  restoration  to  a 
previous  state:  B03po?Kjt5Tb 
[v9zrAzhdat^]  revive,  restore; 
regenerate,  revitalize;  Boccia- 
HaBJiHBaxb  [v8sstAnavPiv9t^] 
rehabilitate,  restore  [see  the 
word  in  Dictionary]. 

BOsSyAHTb  see  B036y}KAaTb. 

BOsSyjKfljaTb  [vazbuzhdat^] 
imperf  -SiK),  -aeiub,  B036yiAHTb 
[vazbud^it^]  perf  ->Ky,  -jxuuib, 
p  -AHJi,  imp  -AH  1.  excite; 
arouse,  rouse;  provoke  {feel- 
ings); 2.  raise  (a  question, 
etc);  —axb  p,eJio  npoiHB  ko- 
ro-ji.  take  proceedings  against 
smb. 

B036y}KAeHH  I  e  [V9zbuzhd*'e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  excitation; 
'  2.  excitement,  agitation. 

B03BpaTMTb  sceB03BpamaTb. 

B03BpaTHTbC51      See     B03Bpa- 

maxbCH. 

BOBBpamlaxb  [vazvrA- 

sh^rat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
B03Bpa|THTb  [vazvrAt^it^] 
perf  -my,  -xrimb,  p  -thji,  imp 
-TH  return,  give  back;  pay 
back. 

B03Bpam,|aTbcsi  [vazvrA- 
sh^rattsa]  imperf  ^aiocb,  -aeiiib- 

CH,      B03Bpa|THTbC5I      [VaZVrA- 

t^ittsa]  perf  -mycb,  -THiubCH, 

P    -THJICH,   -THJiaCb,  /mp -THCb, 

-THTecb  return  (home,  etc); 
come  back;  go  back. 

B03Bpaii;eHH|e  [vazvrAsh^:e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  return  {home, 
etc);  recurrence. 

BosBbicHTb   see  BosBbimaTb. 


B03Bbiui|aTb  [vazvish^t**] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  bosbu- 
c  MTb  [vAzvfs^it^]  perf  eosBbi- 
luy,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b 
exalt,  elate,  ennoble. 

B03BbiiiieHH|e  [vazvtshe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  rise,  ris- 
ing; 2.  elevation,  rising 
ground;  3.  platform,  dais. 

B03BbimeHH0CT|b  [VAZVl- 

shannas^t^,  -z^d**]  /  -h,  -efi 
hill,  height. 

B03rjiaBHTb  see  bosfjibb- 
mrh . 

B03rjiaBjilflTb[vazglAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  B03rjia- 
B|HTb  [vAzglav^it^]  perf  -jik), 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  head, 
be  at  the  head  of;  perf  also 
put    oneself    at  the  head  of. 

Bosrjiac  [vozglas,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  exclamation,  cry,  shout; 
~bi  oAo6peHHH  cheers  of 
approval. 

BosjlBHrjaTb  [vazdv^igat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  BOSABHr- 
HJyTb  [vAzdv^ignut'']  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  B03;tBHr,  Bosflsrir- 
Jia,  imp  -H  erect  {a  monu- 
ment, etc). 

B03fleHCTBH|e  [vAz^d^ey- 
s^t^v^iya]  n  -h,  -h  influence, 
effect  {on);  4)H3HMecKoe  ~e 
coercion;  oKasbmaxb  —- e  na 
Koro-Ji.  influence  smb,  exert 
influence  on  smb,  have  effect 
on  smb. 

B03AeHCXBloBaxb  [vAz^d^ey- 
styvaf^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft 
influence  {smb),  exert  influ- 
ence {on  smb). 

BOSflepHcaxbCfl    see    BOSAep- 

HCHSaXbCfl. 


BOS 


—  48 


B03Aep}KHB|aTbCSI  [VAZ''- 

d''erzhtV9tts9]  imperf  -aKx:b, 
-aeuibCH,  B03Aep*|aTbcji[v8z^- 
d^i^rzhattsa]  perf  -ycb,  bo3- 
flepjKHiubCH,  p  -aJicH,  -ajiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  keep  oneself 
{from),  refrain  (from),  abstain 
(from). 

Bos^yx    [vozdukh,    -gh]    m 
-a  air  {the  atmosphere)', 
<>    BbiHTH     Ha     —    go     out- 
doors; Ha  (oTKpbiTOM)  ~e  in 
the  open;  out  of  doors. 

B03AymH|biH  [vAzdushniy] 
a  sh  f  BOBAymen,  -a,  -o,  -u 
air  {space,  mail,  brake,  etc)', 
~oe  coo6meHHe  air  serv- 
ice. 

B033BaHHle  [vAzzvan^iya]  n 
-H,  -ft  appeal  {to  the  public, 
masses);  o6paTHTbCH  c  ~eM 
K  HapoAy  address  an  appeal 
to  the  people. 

B03|HTb  [vAz^it^]  imperf 
BOHcy,  BOBHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
[cf  BesTH  I]  carry  {to  trans- 
port); drive  {smb  in  a  car, 
etc);  draw  {a  cart). 

B03|HTbC5i  [vAz^ittsa]  im- 
perf    BOHCyCb,      BOSHIlIbCH,      p 

-HjiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  1.  romp  {of  children); 
2.  col  potter  have  trou- 
ble {with),  bother  {with). 

F03Jiar|aTb  [vazlAgat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  B03jio}K|HTb 
[vazlAzhit^]  perf  -y,  bosjio- 
HCHUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  place, 
lay  {a  wreath,  etc);  2.  en- 
trust {with),  charge  {with); 
<>  -~aTb  HaAe«jibi  na  ko- 
ro-Ji.  pin  one's  hopes  on  smb; 

'-aXb       OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb      Ha 

Koro-Ji.    make    smb    respon- 


sible; ~aTb  BHHy  Ha  Koro-Ji. 

lay  the  blame  on  smb. 

Bosjie  [voz^Pi]  prep  with 
gen  near,  beside,  by. 

B03Ji03KHTb    sce   BOBJiaraTb. 

B03Me3AH|e  [vAz^m^ez**- 
d^iya]  n  -a  retribution,  re- 
taliation; punishment. 

B03MeCTHTb    See   BOSMCmaTb. 

B03Meui,laTb  [vazm^i^- 

sh^:at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
B03MecT|HTb  [vazm^i^s^t^it^j 
perf  B03Memy,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  make  up  for,  compen- 
sate; refund. 

bo3m6«ho  [vAzmozhna]  I 
impers  predic  it  is  possible; 
~,  ^To  OH  npHAei  it  is  pos- 
sible that  he  may  come,  he 
may  come;  Bnojine  -—  it's 
quite  possible;  HacKOJibKO  -^ 
as  far  as  possible; 
II  parenth  perhaps,  pos- 
sibly; OH,  ~,  npHAeT  perhaps 
he  will  come,  he  may 
come. 

B03M6)KHOCT|b         [vAZmOZh- 

nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  pi  -h, 
-eft  1.  possibility;  2.  oppor- 
tunity, chance;  HMexb  ~b 
have  an  opportunity,  be 
able;  3.  pi  potentialities; 
means,  resources; 
<>  no  (wepe)  —  h  as  far  as 
possible;  npH  nepBOft  ---h  as 
soon  as  possible;  at  the 
first  opportunity. 

B03M6}KH|biH  [vAzmozhniy] 
\  a  sh  f  B03M6>KeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  possible;  feasible; 
1 1  as  a  noun  B03M6>KH|oe 
n  -oro:  CAeJiaTb  Bce  —oe  do 
one's  best,  do  all  in  one'? 
power. 


—  49 


B03 


B03MyTHTejibHlbiH  [v9zmu- 
t^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f  bosmyth- 
TejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  outrageous, 
shocking,  revolting. 

B03MyTMTb    see  BOSMymaxb. 

BOSMyXHTbCH        866        BOSMy- 

maxbCH. 

B03Mym|aTb  [v9zmush^:at''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  B03My- 
T|HTb  [vazmut^it^J  perf  bob- 
Mymy,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi  make 
indignant,  arouse  indigna- 
tion; exasperate. 

B03Mym|aTbCH  [v9zmush^:a- 
tts9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aembCH, 
B03MyT|HTbcji  [v9zmut^ittj9i 
p6rf  BOSMymycb,  -riuibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb  be  indignant, 
be  filled  with  indignation; 
be  outraged. 

BOswymeHHle  [v9zmush'':e- 
n^iy9]  n  -h  indignation;  re- 
sentment. 

BOSHarpajiHTb  S6e  BOSHa- 
>    rpajKAaxb. 

B03HarpaH(A|axb  [v9zn9- 
grAzhdat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
B03Ha^pa;^|HXb  [v9zn9grA- 
d^it**]  perf  BOSHarpaHcy,  -riuib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  reward,  re- 
compense; remunerate. 

B03Harpa)KJieHM|e  fv9zn9- 
grAzhd^en^iyg]  n  -h,  -h  re- 
ward, recompense;  remune- 
ration; 3a  He6ojibiii6e  —e  for 
a  small  consideration. 

BosHHKJaTb  [vaz'^n^ikat^J 
imperf  -aex,  B03HHKH|yxb 
[vAz^'n^iknut^]  perf  -ex,  p 
B03HHK,  B03HHKJia  arise, 
spring  up,  come  into  being; 
y  MeHH  ~aex  noAOspeHHe, 
1X0...  I'm  beginning  to  sus- 
pect that... 


B03H;a     [VAZ^n^a]     /     -PI   col 

1.  romping;  fuss,  bustle; 
noise,  racket;  2.  trouble, 
bother. 

B0306HOBHXb  866  B03o6hOB- 
JlHXb. 

B0306HOBJllflXb      [V9Z9bnAy- 

l^at^]     imperf    -hk),     -Heuib, 

B0306H0B|HTb      [v9Z9bnAV^it''] 

perf  -Jiio,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  renew  {an  agreement,  etc)', 
resume  {talks,  etc). 

BOBpaKJaxb  [v9zrAzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bospa- 
3lMTb  [v9zrAz^it^]  perf  bo3- 
pa>Ky,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
object  {to),  raise  an  objection 
{to);  Bbi  He  6y;;exe  '—axb, 
ecjiH  H  oxKpoK)  OKHo?  do  you 
mind  my  opening  the  win- 
dow? 

BOBpacT  [v6zr9st,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  age  {time  of  life)":, 
B  '-e  AecHXH  Jiex  at  the  age 
of  ten; 

<>  BbiHXH  H3  --a  pass  the 
age  limit;  be  no  longer  of 
{some)  age;  be  too  old  {for 
smth.). 

B03pacT|axb  [vazrAstat^] 
imperf  -aex,  B03p|acTH  [vaz- 
rAs^t^i]  perf  -acxex,  p  -6c, 
-ocjia  increase,  grow. 

B03pOAHXb  see  BospojK^axb. 

B03pOAHTbCJI      866      B03pO«- 

AaxbCH. 

B03po)K;i|axb  [v9zrAzhdat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  B03po- 
flJHXb  [v9zrAd^it^]  perf  bo3- 
pojKy,  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
revive,  restore;  regenerate, 
revitalize. 

B03po>KAlaTbCJi  [v9zrAzh- 
datt^9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibca. 


B03 


50- 


BoapofllHTbca  [v9zrAd^itts9] 
perf   B03po>Kycb,     -HiubCH,    p 

-HJICH,      -HJiaCb,        imp       -HCb, 

-Hxecb  revive  {to  life,  etc). 

B03po%AeHH|e  [v9zrAzhd^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h  1.  revival,  re- 
birth; 2.  (B.)  hist  Rennais- 
sance;  snoxa  '-H  Rennais- 
sance. 

B03bMH  [vAz^m^i]  imp  of 
BSHTb;  iee  6paTb. 

BOSbMHCb  [vAz^m'^is^,  -z^], 
B03bMHTeCb[vAZ^m^it^IS^,  -z^] 

imp  of  B3HTbCH;  see  dpaibCH. 

BOSbMy  [vAz^'mu],  BosbMeiiib 
[vAz^m^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons   of    esHTb;  see  6paTb. 

BOSbMyCb  [vAZ^'mus^,  -z^] 
B03bMembcji  [vAz^m^oshs^a] 
1st  &  2nd  persons  of  esHTbCH; 
see  6paTbCJi. 

BOHH  [voin]  m  -a,  -ob  sol- 
dier, fighting  man;  warrior 
(also  poetical). 

b6hhck|hh  [voinsk^iy]  a 
-aa,  -oe,  -He  military  {hon- 
ours, service,  etc);  martial 
{spirit,  etc);  ~aH  noBHHHOcxb 
conscription,  compulsory  mil- 
itary service. 

BOHHCTBeHHbiH  [vAinstv^m- 
nty]  a  bellicose,  warlike. 

BOHHCTByK)lU,|HH     [VAinstvU- 

yubh^'iiy]  a  -an,  -ee,  -He  mil- 
itant, combative. 

BOH  I  [voy]  m  BOH  howl, 
howling;  wail. 

Boii  II  [voy]  see  BbiTb. 

BOHJiOK  [voylak,  -g]  m  -a 
thick  felt. 

BOHH  la  [vAyna]  /  -bi,  pi 
BOHHbi,  ~,  BOHHaM  War;  War- 
fare; BeJiHKaH  OreMecTBeH- 
Haa  '^a  Great  Patriotic  War; 


rpa>KAaHCKaH  ^a  civil  war; 
axoMHan  ^a  nuclear  warfare; 
BecTH  '-y  wage  war,  wage/ 
fight  a  war;  o6-bHBJiHTb  ~-y 
declare  war. 

BOHCKa  [vAyska]  pi  bohck 
{sing  BOHCK  I  o  n  -a)  troops, 
forces,  force;  dpoHexaHKOBbie 
~  armoured  forces;  Bos^yin- 
HOAecaHTHbie  ~  airborne 
troops. 

BOHTH    see    BXOAHTb. 

BOKsaji  [vAgzal]  m  -a,  -ob 
(railway)  station;  peqHofl  ~ 
river  transport  station. 

BOKpyr  [vAkruk,  -g]  prep 
with  gen  &a(it^  around,  round 
{!)  on  all  sides;  2)  in  a 
circle); 

<>  ~  Aa  OKOJio  col  =  beating 
about  the  bush. 

BOJi  [vol]  m  -a,  -OB  ox. 

BOJiAbip|b  [vAldfr^]  m  -h, 
-eft  blister  {on  the  skin); 
bump,  swelling. 

BOjiefiSoji  [vaPi^ybol]  m  -a 
volley-ball. 

BOJiCH- Heeojiefi  [vol^iyn^i^- 
voPiy]  adv  willy-nilly. 

BOjiK  [volk,  -g]  m  -a,  pi 
-H,  -OB  wolf  {an  animal). 

BOjiHJa    [vAlna]    /    -bi,    pi 

BOJJHbl,       -~,       -aM       (BOJIHaM), 

-aMH  (BOJiHaMH),  (o)  -ax  (boji- 
Hax)  wave  {!)  of  water,  etc; 
2)  phys;  3)  fig);  BspbiBHan 
—  a  blast. 

BOjiHeHH|e  [vAln^'en^iya]  n 
-H,  pi  -H,  -H  1.  roughness  (o/ 
water);  na  MOpe  ^e  the  sea 
is  rough;  2.  excitement,  agi- 
tation, emotion;  nervousness, 
being  nervous;  3.  pi  riots,  ' 
disturbances. 


—  51  -^ 


BOO 


BOjiH|oBaTb  [valnAvat^]  im- 
perf  -yvD,  -yeuib,  p  -OEaJi,  imp 
-yn,  BsjeojiHoeaTb  [vzval- 
HAvat^]  perf  excite,  agitate; 
upset  (0/  had  news,  etc)',  dis- 
turb, worry;  move  {smb 
deeply,  etc). 

BOJiH|oBaTbC5i  [ valoAvattja] 
imperf  -yiocb,  -yeiubCH,  p 
-OBajicH,  -OBajiacb,  imp  -yflcH, 

-yHTeCb,  BSJBOJlHOBaTbCSI 

[vzvalnAvattja]  perf  1.  ripple; 
be  rough  {of  water);  2.  be  nerv- 
ous; be  excited;  t)e  disturbed, 
be  worried;  be  upset.  ' 

BOJioKHTJa  [valAk^ita]  /  -bi 
red  tape;  col  long  and  trouble- 
some affair. 

BOJioKHJo    [valAkno]    n    -a, 

pi    BOJIOKHa,    BOJIOKOH,    BOJIOK- 

HaM  fibre  (a  thread  or  thread- 
like substance). 

BOJioc  [volas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  BOJioc,  -aM  1.  pi  hair  {of 
people);  head  of  hair;  2.  hair 
{of  animals);  kohckhh  -- 
horsehair. 

bojioc|6k  [valAsok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1,  dim  of  bojioc; 
2.  filament  {in  electric  lamps); 
hair  {in  instruments); 
<>  6biTb  Ha  ~6k  ot  Hcro-Ji. 
be  within  a  hairbreadth  of 
smth;  BHceTb/flepmaxbCfl  Ha 
~Ke  hang  by  a  thread. 

B0jiuie6H|biH  [vAlshebniy] 
a  sh  f  B0Jiiiie6eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  magic;  2.  enchanting,  be- 
witching. 

BOJibHJbiH  [voPniy]  a  sh  f 
BOJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-b'l)  1.  free 
{thought,  etc);  2.  impudent, 
free,  familiar  {behaviour, 
etc). 


BOJlbK)      [VAPyu],      BOJIbSuib 

[vApyosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  BjiHXb;  seeBJiHsaTb. 

BOJiifl  [v61''9]  /  -H  1.  will 
{1)  strong,  weak,  etc;  2)  to 
live,  etc);  CHJia  ^-h  will-pow- 
er; 2.  liberty,  freedom;  Ha 
~e  at  liberty,  free;  oiny- 
CKaxb  na  ~io  set  at  liberty; 
<>  JiioAH  AoSpoH  ~H  people 
of  good  will;  AaBaxb  —10 
give  vent  to    (emotions,   etc), 

BOH  I  [von]  col  I  adv  out 
{outward);  Bbirnaxb  --  turn 
out,  chuck  out;  Bb'mxH  ~  go 
out; 

II  inter]'  away!,  away  with 
you!;  ~  oxciOAa!,  nomeji  -~! 
get  out  (of  here)!,  clear  out! 

BOH  II  [von]  pa/-^  co/ there, 
over  there;    ~  oh  H^ex  there 
he    is;    there   he   is    coming; 
—  xaM  over  there; 
<>  BOH  OHO  Hxo!  SO  that's  it! 

BOHsjaxb  [vAnzat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeujb,  BOHSjuxb  [vAn^- 
z'^it^]  pert  BOHJKy,  -Huib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  stick  {a  pin,  etc); 
thrust,  stab  {a  knife,  etc). 

BOHJb  [von**]  /  -H  <:o/ stink, 
stench. 

Boo6paiK|axb  [vAAbrAzhat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Boo6pa- 
3|Hxb  [vAAbrAz'^it^]  perf  boo- 
6pamy,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
imagine,  fancy;  —axb  ce6e 
qxo-Ji,  take  smth  into  one's 
head,  imagine  smth;  —aio, 
KaK  OH  y;],HBHJiCH!  col  I  can 
just  imagine  how  surprised 
he  was!; 

<>  (MHoro)  ~axb  o  ce6e  col 
think  too  much  of  oneself; 
BOo6pa3uxe!  fancy! 


BOO 


52  — 


BOo6pa%eHHle  [vAAbrAzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h  imagination. 

Boo6pa3HTb  see  BooSpan^aTb. 

Boo6ii;e  [vAApsh^ie]  adv  1. 
in  general,  generally;  on  the 
whole;  2.  always,  on  all 
occasions;  3.  in  neg  sentences 
at  all;  oh  —  ne  snaex  sto- 
ro  he  doesn't  know  this  at 
all. 

BOOAyuicBHTb  see  eoo/tymeB- 

JIHTb. 

B00flyuieBJieHH|e  [vadusht^- 
vPen^iya]  n  -h  1.  inspiring, 
rousing;  2.  enthusiasm,  inspi- 
ration. 

BooAyuieBjil«Tb  [vadushi^v- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hk),  -neiub, 
Booji.yiiieB{HTb  [vadusht^v^'it^] 
perf  -jiK),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  inspire,  fill  with  enthu- 
siasm. 

Boopy}K|aTb  [vAAruzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Boopy- 
»CiHTb  [vAAruzhtt^]  perf  -y, 
-HUib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  arm 
{with);  equip  {with  weapons) 
{both  also  fig). 

Boopymjarbcji  [vAAruzha- 
ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
B00py}K|iiTbCfl  [vAAruzhtttja] 
perf  -ycb,  -HiubCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb 
arm,  arm  oneself  (with) 
{also  fig). 

BOopyiKeHHJe  [vAAruzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -a,  -ft  1.  armament, 
equipment,  equipping;  2.  ar- 
mament, arms;  coKpameHHe 
^\i  reduction  of  armaments; 
HMCTb  Ha  —  H  be  armed 
/e(5uipped  with;  CHHib  c 
'-H  discard  {a  weapon). 

BOopyiKHTb   see  eoopyjKaTb. 


BOopy»HTbcsi     see     eoopy- 

JKaXbCH. 

BO-nepBbix  [vAp^ervtkh] 
parenth  firstly,  in  the  first 
place. 

BonHK)ii;|HH  [V9p^iyush*':iy] 
a  -an,  -ee,  -He  crying,  noto- 
rious, scandalous;  ~ee  npo- 
THBOpeMHe  flagrant  contradic- 
tion. 

BonjioTHTb    see  BonJiomarb. 

BonjiomjaTb  [v9plAsh'':at*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bonjio- 
TJHTb  [vaplAt^it^]  perf  bo- 
njiomy,  -rimb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
incarnate,  embody  {an  idea, 
etc);  personify,  be  the  per- 
sonification of;  -~aTb  b  ce6e 
personify,  be  the  personifi- 
cation /  embodiment  of;  ~aTb 
B  )KH3Hb  realize,  bring  into 
fact. 

Bonji|b  [vopl^]  m  -H,  -eft 
(loud)  cry,  howl;  wail  {of 
sorrow). 

BonpeKH  [vapr^i^k^i]  prep 
with  dat  in  spite  of,  despite; 
contrary  to;  '^  HheMy-Ji.  me- 
jiaHHK)  against  smb's   desire. 

Bonpoc  [vApros,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  question;  point  {in  a  de- 
bate); aa^aib  ~  ask  a  ques- 
tion; 3T0  cepbesHbiH  —  it  is 
a  serious  matter;  --  b  tom, 
mo...  the  point  is  that...; 

<>      ~      »H3HM      H      CMepTH      3 

matter  of  life  and  death; 
HTO  3a  —!  of  course!,  no 
doubt!;  aio  eme  ~  that  is  a 
question;  it  remains  to  be 
seen  if...;  noA  ^om  undecid- 
ed. 

Bop  [vor]  m  -a,  pi  -u,  -6b 
thief;    KapMaHHbift    ^    pick- 


—  53  — 


Boe 


pocket;  ;^ep)KHTe  ^a\  stop 
thief!; 

<0>  Ha  ~e  uianKa  ropHT  prov 
^  an  uneasy  conscience  be- 
trays itself. 

B0pBaTbC5i  see  BpbieaTbCH. 

BOpo6|eH  [varAb^ey]  m-bi, 
-bCB  sparrow; 

<>  cTpejiHHbifl  -~eH  col  an  old 
bird,  an  old  hand,  an  old 
stager. 

Bop|oBaTb  [varAvat^]  im- 
perf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yft  steal  {money,  etc). 

BopoH  [voran]  m  -a,  -ob 
raven. 

BOpoHla  [vArona]  /  -u,  ~ 
crow  (a  bird); 

^  nyraHafl  --a  Kycxa  6ohtcsi 
prov  =  once  bitten,  twice 
shy. 

Bop6M|Ka  [vAronka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  funnel  {for  pouring 
liquids);  2.  crater  {made  by 
a  shell,  etc). 

BopOT  [vorat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB    collar    {of  a  garment). 

Bopoia  [vArota]  pi  BOpoT 
gate(s);  goal  {posts  in  games). 

BOpOTHUK  [varAt^n^'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  collar  {of  a  gar- 
ment); oTJiojKHOH  ~  turn- 
-down  collar;  ctoh'^hh  ~ 
stand-up  collar. 

BopoHJaTb  [vAroch^at**]  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aeiiib  move,  shift; 
turn  {stdhes,  pieces  of  furni- 
ture, etc). 

BopoHJaTbCH  [vAroch^att^a] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubcn  turn 
(over)  {in  bed);  6ecnoK6HHO 
--aTbCH  toss  (about)  {on  the 
bed). 

BOpHlaTb  [vArch^at^J  imperf 


-y,  -Huib,  p  -5ji,  imp  -h  1. 
growl  {of  a  dog);  2.  col  grum- 
ble, growl  '{with  discontent). 

Boc...  see  B03... 

BOceMHaAuaTMH  [vas^i^m- 
nattsatty]  num  ord  eight- 
eenth. 

BoceMHafluaT|b  [vas^i^m- 
nattjat^,  -d^]  num  card  -h, 
-bK)  eighteen. 

B6c|eMb  [vos^im'^]  num  card 
-bMH,  -bMbK)  (-CMbib)  eight. 

BOceMbAecHT  [vos^im^'d^i- 
s^'it,  -d]  num  card  BOCbMHAe- 

CHTH,      BOCbMblOAeCHTblO      (bO- 

ceMbiOAecHTbio)  eighty. 

BOceMbcoT  [vas^i^msot,  -d] 
num  card  BOCbMHcoT,  BOCbMH- 

CTaM,  —,  BOCbMHCXaMH  (bO- 
CeMblOCXaMH),    (o)    BOCbMHCXaX 

eight  hundred. 

BOCK  [vosk,  -zg]  m  -a  (-y) 
wax,  beeswax. 

BOCKJlMKHlyXb  -[vAskl'ik- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H,  BocKjiHUJaxb  [vaskl^i- 
tjat^]  imperf  -aro,  -aeiiib  ex- 
claim, cry  out. 

BOCKJiHiJ(aHH|e  [vaskPitsa- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  exclamation, 
cry. 

BOCKjiHU,axb  see  bockjihk- 
Hyxb. 

BOCKpecjaxb  [vaskr^i^sat^] 
imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,  BOCKpec- 
HJyxb  [vAskr^esnut^]  perf  -y, 
-eiiib,  p  BocKpec,  imp  -h 
1.  rise  from  the  dead;  2.  fig 
revive  {of  a  feeling,  etc); 
-—axb  B  naMHXH  recur  to 
one's  memory. 

EOCKpeceHH|e  [vaskr^i'^s^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h  I.  relig  resur- 
rection; 2.  fig  revival. 


BOC 


54  — 


BOCKpeceH|be  [vaskr^i^s^e- 
n^ya]  n  -lh,  -hh  Sunday. 

BOCKpecHyxb  see  BOCKpe- 
caxb. 

BOCKpecHbiH  [vAskr^esnty] 
a  Sunday  {aitr);  —  jxenh 
Sunday. 

BOcnajieHHi^  [v9spAl^e- 

n'^iya]  n  -a,  -h  inflammation 
{of  the  lungs,  etc). 

BOcnHTaHHJe  [vssp^ita- 
n^iya]  n  -h  1.  education  {of 
the  younger  generation,  the 
masses,  etc);  upbringing; 
training  {mental,  physical, 
etc);  xpyAOBoe  ~-e  labour  up- 
bringing, education  through 
work;  2.  breeding,  good 
breeding. 

BOcnHTaHH|hiH  [vAsp^itan- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  BocnHTan, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  well-bred,  polite, 
courteous;  Aypno/  njioxo  ~biH 
ill-bred,  rude. 

BOcnHxaxb  see  eocnnxbiBaxb. 

BOcnHXbiB|axb  [vAsp^itl- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  eoc- 
nHxjaxb  [vasp^itat^]  perf-aio, 
-aeiiib  1.  bring  up,  educate; 
2.  foster,  cultivate,  inculcate. 

BOcnjiaMeHMxbcji    see    boc- 

HJiaMeHHXbCH. 

BOcnjiaMeHJnxbcji  [vaspb- 
m^i^n^attja]  imperf  -nexcn, 
BOcnjiaMeH  |  nxbca  [  vaspla- 

m^i^n^ittja]  perf  -hxch,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb  catch  fire,  ig- 
nite. 

BOcnojibsoBaxbcsi   see  nojib- 

SOBaXbCH    1. 

BocnoMHHaHHJe  [vaspam^i- 
nan^iya]  n  -h,  pi  -h,  -h  1. 
memory,  recollection;  2.  pi 
memoirs,  reminiscences. 


BOcnpexMXb  see  Bocnpemaxb, 

Bocnpemlaxb  [vaspr^i^- 

sh^:at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
BOcnpex'iHXb  [vaspr^i^t^it''] 
perf  Bocnpemy,  -nmb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  prohibit,  interdict; 
BXOA  ~eH  no  admittance,  no 
entrance. 

BOcnpHHMHMBlbiH  [vaspr^l- 
imch^iviy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  receptive  {mind);  intel- 
ligent {person);  2.  suscepti- 
ble {to  smth), 

BOcnpHMMMJaxb  [vaspr^i- 
n^imat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
BOcnp'iHHHXb  [vaspr^in^at^j 
perf  -nuy-,  -HMeiub,   p  -hhhji, 

-HHHJia,    -HHHJIO,    -HHHJIH,    imp 

-HMH  perceive,  apprehend; 
absorb,  take  in,  grasp  {ideas, 
etc);  interpret  {as);  ~axb 
Hxo-Ji.  KaK  AOJiJKHoe  accept 
smth  as  a  matter  of  course; 
—  axb  qxo-Ji.  c  y^oBJiexBope- 
HHeM  welcome  smth. 
BOcnpoHSBecxH    see  Bocnpo- 

HSBOJlHXb. 

BocnpoH3B|oflHxb  [vaspraiz- 

VAd^it^]  imperf  -ojKy,  -o^^HiUb, 


BOCnpOH3BieCXH 


[vaspraiz' 


^bjCgbj-bfj  pgf^j:  .Qjj^y^  -eAeiub, 
p  -en,  -ejia,  imp  -cah  1.  re- 
produce {a  sound,  etc);  2.: 
—  oAHXb  B  naMHXH  call  to 
mind. 

BocnpoHSBOAcxB  ]  o*[  vaspraiz- 
votstva]  n  -a  econ  repro- 
duction; pacumpeHHoe  ^o 
enlarged   reproduction. 

BOccxalBaxb  [vasstAvat^] 
imperf  -lo,  -eiub,  p  -BaJi,  boc- 
cxa|xb  [vAsstat^]  perf  -Hy, 
-Heiiib,  p  -Ji,  imp  -Hb  revolt, 
rise  {against). 


55  — 


Bom 


BOccTaHaBjiHB|aTb  [vasstA- 
navPivat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
BoccTaH|oBHTb  [vasstanAv'^it^j 

perf   -OBJIK),    -OBHUIb,    p  -OBHJl, 

imp  -OBH  1.  rehabilitate,  re- 
store (economy,  etc);  -— aTb 
CBoe  SAopoBbe  recover  one's 
health;  2.  fig:  —aib  b  na- 
MHTH  call  to  mind;  3.  rein- 
state (m  former  employment, 
etc);  -—aTb  kofo-ji.  b  npaBax 
restore  smb  to  his  rights, 
rehabilitate  smb;  4.  set,  in- 
cite (smb  against  smb  /  smth). 
BoccTaHHle  [vAsstan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  uprising,  rebellion, 
revolt;  noAHHXb  --e  rise  in 
rebellion. 

BOCCTaHOBHTb      See      BOCCTa- 

HaBJIHBaib. 

Boccxaxb  see  BOCCTaBaxb. 

BOcxoK  [vAstok,  -g]  m  -a 
east;  na  --e  in  the  east;  na 
^  eastward (s);  noexaxb  Ha 
~  go  east. 

Bocxopr  [vAstork,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  delight,  rapture;  6bixb  b 
~e  ox  qero-Ji.  be  delighted 
with  smth;  6bixb  BHe  ce6H  ox 
--abein  raptures;  npHBo^HXb 
Koro-Ji.  B  ~  delight  smb; 
enrapture  smb;  npHXo^HXb  b 
~  go  into  raptures,  be  de- 
lighted. 

Bocxoprlaxbcsi  [vsstArga- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibOi 
be  delighted  (with);  express 
one's  delight  (with). 

BOcxoHHbift  [vAstoch^niy]  a 
east,  eastern;  oriental. 

Bocxpe6oBaHH|e  [vAstr^^ba- 
van^iya]  n  -h:  ao  -^h  poste 
restante.  ^ 

BocxHxHxejibHJbiH  [vaskh^i- 


t^it^il^nty]  a  sh  f  bocxhxh- 
xejiCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  delightful; 
delicious;  exquisite  {flower, 
etc). 

BOcxHiu|axbCJi  [vaskh^i- 
sh^:attsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -a- 
euibCH  admire,  be  delighted 
{with),  be  carried  away  {by). 

BocxoA  [vAskhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-ob:   ~  coJiHua  sunrise. 

BOCbMep|Ka  [vAs^m^orka]  f 
-KH,  -OK  (an)  eight;  (the)  eight. 

BOCbMHAecflx|biH  [vas^m^i- 
d^i^s^atiy]  numord  eightieth; 
'-bieroAbi  the  eighties. 

BOCbMOH  [vAS^'moy]  num 
ord  eighth, 

BOX  [vot,  -d]  part  1.  de- 
noting the  fact  that  smth  is 
or  is  taking  place  before 
smb's  eyes,  here,  etc  here, 
there;  ~  h  h  here  I  am;  '— 
OHa  HAex  here  she  is  coming; 
2.  intens  (with  nouns)  there's; 
— '  JienxHH!  there's  a  lazy- 
-bones!;  ~  MOJio^eu!  good  for 
you  [him,  etc]l;  3.  intens 
(with  pron  or  adv)  this  /  that 
is...;  -^  Mxo  H  xoqy  that's 
what  I  want;  ~  sxox  this 
one;  ~  h  Bce  that's  all; 
■0  BOX  eiu,e!  col  indeed!, 
what  next!;  '-  xe6e  (m)  na! 
col  well,  I  never!;  well,  to 
be  sure!;  —  axo  Aa!  col  that's 
something  like!;  I  should 
say!;  box  oho  hxo!  there  it  is! 

BOXKHyxb  see  BXbiKaxb. 

BOiiieji  [vAshol],  Bouijia 
[vAshla]  1st  &  2nd  persons 
of  bohxh;  see  BXOAHXb. 

BOUIb     [VOSh,      -Zh]     /    BIUH, 

dat  BuiH,  instr  BoiubK),  pi 
BuiH.  Buiefl  louse. 


BOH) 


—  56  — 


BOK)  [voyu],  Boeiub  [voyash, 
-zh]  see  BbiTb. 

BOK)H  [vAyuy]    see  BoesaTb. 

BOK)K)  [vAyuyu],  BOibeiub 
[vAyuyash,  -zh]  BoesaTb. 

BRBAlaTb  [fpAdat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  Bna|cTb  [fpas^t''] 
perf  -Ay,  -Aeiub,  -ji,  imp  -ah 
1.  (mo  per/)  fall  {into),  dis- 
charge (m/o)  (0/  a  river);  2. 
fall  {into  a  reverie,  etc); 
— aTb  B  oTqaHHHe  give  way 
to  despair. 

BnaflHHla  [fpad^ina]  /  -bi, 
~  hollow,  cavity,  depression. 

BnajibiH  [fpalty]  a  sunken, 
hollow. 

BnacTb  see  Bna^aTb  2. 

BnepBbie  [fp'^i^rvtyg]  adv 
for  the  first  time. 

BnepeA    [fp^'i^r^ot,    -d]  adv 
forward; 
<>  njiaxHTb  —  pay  in  advance. 

BnepCAH  [fp^'ir^i^d^'i]  I  adv 
1.  in  front;  BCTaxb  --  take 
a  stand  in  front;  hath  -—  go 
in  advance;  2.:  y  Hee  mhopo 
BpeMCHH  —  she  has  plenty 
of  time;  y  nee  ueJian  >KH3Hb 
~  her  whole  life  is  before 
her;  mto  ero  jkact  ~?  what 
does  future  hold  in  store  for 
him?; 

II    prep   with   gen    in    front 
of,   before;    hath  ~  Bcex    go 
ahead  of  all; 
<>  6biTb  ~  take    the  lead. 

BnenaxjieHHle  [fp^ich^i^tl^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  impression 
{produced  on  smb,  etc);  ne- 
OTpasHMoe  ~e  profound  im- 
pression; y  MCHH  TaKoe  -~e, 
HTO...  I  have  an  impres- 
sion, that... 


BnHxaTb  see  BnHTbieaTb. 

BnHTaTbCfl  see  BnHTbisaTbCH. 

BnHTWB|aTb  [fp^ittvat^j 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bnurlaxb 
[fp'^itat^j  perf  -aro,  -aeiub 
absorb,  imbibe  {also  fig). 

BnMTbiB|axbcn  [fp^itWattsa] 
imperf  -aexcH,  BnHx|axbC{i 
[fp^itattsa]  perf  -aexcH  be 
absorbed,  soak  {into). 

BnjioxHyio  [fpUtnuyu]    adv 

1.  close  {to),    very  near  {to)\ 

2.  fig  col  in  real  earnest. 
Bnjioxb    [fplot^,    -d^]    adv: 

~  Ao  (right)  up  to;  down  to 
{the  smallest  details,  etc). 

BnojiHe  [fpAln^'e]  adv  quite, 
fully. 

Bnonbixax  [fpapikhakh,  -gh] 
adv  in  one's  haste;  in  a 
hurry. 

Bnopy  [fporu]  adv  col:  6biTb  / 
npHHTHCb    ~  fit  {of  clothes). 

BnocjieACXBHH  [fpAs^Petst- 
v^ii]  adv  afterwards,  later  on. 

BnoxbMax  [fpAt^makh,  -gh] 
adv  in  the  dark. 

BnpaBO  [fprava]  adv  to  the 
right;  --'  ot  qero-A.  to  the 
right  of  smth;  on  the  right 
of  smth. 

BnpeAb    [fpr^'et^,  -d*"]    adv 
henceforth,  in  future;   in  the 
future; 
<>  —  AO  until,  pending. 

BnporojiOAb  [fprogalaf*, 
-d'']  adv.  >KHTb  ~  live  in 
(dire)    poverty. 

BnpOK  [fprok,  -g]  adv  1.: 
aaroTOBJiHTb  ~  store  (up) 
{for  use  later);  2.:  hath  '— 
do  good;  eMy  sto  noHACT  — 
this  will  do  him  good,  he 
will  profit  by  this. 


57  — 


Bpe 


enpoHCM  [fproch^im]  cj 
however,  but;  nevertheless. 

BnpbicKHB|aTb  [fprls'^k^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aK),  -aeiiib, 
Bnpb'icHJyxb  [fprisnut^]  perf 
-y,  -emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
inject   {a  fluid,  medicine). 

BnycK|aTb  [fpuskaf]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  BnycxlHib 
[fpus^t^it^]  perf  enymy,  Bny- 
CTHiEfa,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  let  in, 
admit  {into  a  room,  etc). 

Bnycxyio  [fpustuyu]  adv 
col  (al!)  for  nothing,  to  no 
purpose. 

Bpar  [vrak,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
enemy;    opponent    [of   smth). 

Bpa}Kala  [vrAzhda]  /  -u  en- 
mity, hostility;  oHTaxb  ~y 
K...  feel  animosity  against... 

BpaMCAe6H|biH  [vrAzhd^eb- 
niy]  a  sh  f  BpajK^eSeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  hostile,  inimical. 

BpajKecKlHH  [vrazhask^iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -ne  enemy  {attr)., 
hostile. 

epacnjiox  [vrAsplokh,  -gh] 
adv:  saciaib  /  sacTHrnyTb  ~ 
take  by  surprise,  take  una- 
wares, surprise. 

Bparaplb  [vrAtar'*]  m  -h, 
-eft  goalkeeper. 

Bpaxb  [vrat'']  imperf  spy, 
Bpeuib,.  p  BpaJi,  Bpajia,  Bpa- 
Jio,  BpajiH,  imp  BpH,  coBp|axb 
[sAvrat'']  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p 
-aJi,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  -h 
col  lie,  tell  lies;  Bpeuib!  it's 
a    lie! 

Bpan  [vrach^,  -j^]  m  -a, 
-eft  physician,  doctor;  3y6- 
HOH  ~  dentist. 

BpaneCHbiH  [vrAch^ebnly] 
a  medical. 


Bpaiujaxb  [vrAsh^:at^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib  revolve,  ro- 
tate, turn. 

BpamlaxbCH  [vrAsh^:atts9] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH  1.  re- 
volve, rotate,  turn;  -~axbCH 
BOKpyr  qero-Ji.  turn  round 
smth,  circle  smth;  --axbCH 
BOKpyr  CBoeft  och  revolve  on 
its  axis;  2.  fig:  ~aTbcn  cpe- 
j\A  yneHbix  [aKxepoB  u  m.  n.\ 
mix  /  mingle  with  scientists 
[actors,  etc]. 

Bpefl  [vr^et,  -d]  m  -a  harm, 
injury;  damage,  loss;  npHHo- 
CHXb  /  npHqHHHXb  ^  do  harm; 
damage. 

BpeflHxejilb  [vr^i^d^it^iP] 
m  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  agric  pest; 
pi  also  vermin;  2.  wrecker, 
saboteur. 

BpeAH|biH  [vr^ednjy]  a  sh 
f  Bpe;ieH,  -a,  -o,  -u  (-bi) 
hurtful,  harmful,  bad,  inju- 
rious; unhealthy;  ~aH  npH- 
BbiMKa  bad  habit;  ---oe  npo- 
h3b6actbo  unhealthy  trade. 

BpeMCHHO  [vr^em^mno]  adv 
temporarily;     ~     hcrojikhk)- 

mHH    06H3aHH0CXH   (AHpCKTOpa 

u  m.  n.)  acting  (director, 
etc). 

BpeMeHHJbiH  [vr'em'mniy] 
a  sh  f  {no  m),  -a,  -o,  -bi  tem- 
porary, interim;  provisional 
{government,  measure,  etc). 

BpeM|si  [vr^em^a]  n  -chh, 
pi  -ena,  -ch,  -enaM  1.  time 
{1)  a  period  or  interval;  2)  a 
point  in  duration;  a  precise, 
usual,  or  proper  moment;  3) 
duration,  continuance);  cKOJib- 
Ko  ~eHH?  what  time  is  it?; 
eme  He  Hacxajio  ~h  the  time 


BpH 


-  58  - 


has  not  come  yet;  2.  time, 
epoch;  times;  3.:  --h  ro^a 
season  {of  the  year);  4.  ling 
tense;  npoiiie;tiiiee  ~h  past 
tense;  6yAymee  ~h  future 
tense; 

•O^  Bce  >~fl  all  the  time;  al- 
ways; B  nocjieflHee  '-a  lately, 
of  late,  recently;  b  cbgc  -^a 
1)  at  one  time;  in  one's 
time;  2)  in  due  course;  na 
"-ji  for  a  time,  for  a  while; 
Ha  nepeoe  ~Ji  for  a  start; 
B  TO  ~fl  KaK  while;  c  xene- 
HHCM  ~eHH  in  time,  even- 
tually; CO  ~eHeM  in  due 
course;with  the  years;TeM~e- 
HCM  meanwhile;  —a  ox  ^chh 
from  time  to  time;  co  —chh 
(HameS  Bcxpe^H  u  m.  n.)  since 
(our  meeting,  etc). 

BpH  [vr^i]  see  epaxb. 

BpoAe  [vrod^i]  prep  with 
gen  like,  such  as;  He^xo  ~ 
col  a  kind  of. 

Bpo)KAeH|HbiH  [vrAzhdMn- 
nty]  a  inborn,  innate;  con- 
genital. 

Bpy  [vru],  Bpeiiib  [vr^osh, 
-zh]  see  epaxb. 

Bpynjaxb  [vruch^at^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  BpyH|HXb  [vru- 
ch^'it^]  perf  -y,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  hand,  hand  in, 
deliver;  present  {credentials, 
etc);  2.  fig  entrust  {one's 
fate,  etc). 

BpuBJaxbcsi  [vrivattja] 

imperf  -awcb,  -aeiiibCH,  bo- 
pBJaxbCJi  [vArvattsa]  perf 
-ycb,  -euibCH,  p  -aJiCH,  -ajiacb, 
-aJiocb  (-ajiocb),  -ajiHCb  (-a- 
jiHCb),  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  burst 
{into  a  room,  etc). 


Bpflfl  jiH  [vr^atPi]  part 
hardly,  scarcely, 

BcaAHHK  [fsad^n^'ik.  -g]  m 
-a,  -08  rider,  horseman. 

Bce  [fs^e]  pron  pi  -x,  -m, 
~  (-X),  -MH,  (o,  o6o)  -X  see 
Becb. 

Bce  I  [fs^o]  pron  n  Bcero, 
BceMy,  ~,  BceM,  (o6o)  -m  see 
Becb. 

Bce  II  [fs^o]  col  I  adv  1. 
all  the  time;  2.  still  {up  to 
the  present  time);  yet  {in  neg 
sentences);  ~  eme  still  {up 
to  the  present  time);  yet  {in 
neg  sentences); 

n  part  used  in-  comparisons 
for  emphasis:  ~  Jiyqiue  h 
JiyHiue  better,  and  better;  ~ 
66Jibiiiee  KOJiii^ecxBO  Jiiojieu. 
an  ever  increasing  number 
of  people;  -^  BospacxaiomHH 
ever  increasing,  ever  growing; 
<>  ~  xe  nevertheless,    still. 

Bce...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds, corresp  in  meaning 
to  eecb:  BcepoccHHCKHH  [fs^i- 
rAs^iysk^iy]  All-Russian. 

BCeBOSMO^HblH  [fs'^IVAZ- 

mozhniy]  a  all  kinds  of,  ail 
possible,  various. 

BcerAa  [fs^i^gda]  adv  al- 
ways. 

Bcero  I  [fs^i^vo]  gen  &  ace 
of  Becb  &  Bce;  see  secb. 

Bcero    II    [fs^i^vo]     I    adv 
altogether,  (all)  in  all; 
II  part  only,  only  just,  but; 
<>  —-HaBceroonly,  only  just, 
but. 

BCCH  [fs^ey]  gen,  dat,  instr 
&  pr  of  bch;  see  Becb. 

BcejieHH|aji  [fs^'i^Pennaya] 
/  -OH  universe. 


59 


BCK 


BcejiHTb  see  BcejiHib. 

BcejiHTbCJi  see  BceJinxbCH. 

BcejilflTb  [fs^i^l^af^]  imperf 
-HK),  -neiiib,  BcejiJHTb  [fs**!^- 
l^it^]  perf  -10,  -Hiiib,  p  -h;i, 
imp  -H  1.  put  {tenants  into 
a  house)',  install,  lodge;  hx 
'--HJiH  B  HOByK)  KBapxHpy 
they  have  been  given  a  new 
flat;  2.  fig  inspire  {smh  with 
smth',  smth  into  stub),  imbue 
{smh  with  smth)',  ~HTb  b  ko- 
ro-Ji.  HaAe>K;iy  raise  hopes  in 
smb's  breast;  give  smb  hopes; 
—  HTb  cxpax  excite  fear. 

BcejijflTbCM  [fs^i^l^attja] 
imperf  -niocb,  -nembCH,  Bce- 
ji|HTbC5i      [fs^i^Pittj9]      perf 

-lOCb,  -HIlIbCH,  p  -HJICH,   -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  move  {into 
a  dwelling);  install  oneself 
{in  a  dwelling). 

BccM  [fs^em]  instr  of  Becb 
&  Bce,    dat   of  Bce;  see  Becb. 

BCCM  [fs^om]  pr  of  Becb  & 
Bce;  see  Becb. 

BceMepHO  [fs^i^m^erna]  adv 
in  every  possible  way. 

BceMH  [fs^em^i]  instr  of 
Bce;  see  Becb. 

BCeMHpHO  -  HCTOpHHCCK  \   H  H 

[  fs^i^m^irnaistAr^ich^isk^iy  ] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  of  world  his- 
torical significance  /  impor- 
tance. 

BceMHpHbiH  [fs^'i^m^irnty] 
a  world  {attr),  world-wide. 

BceMy  [fs^i^mu]  dat  of  Becb 
&  Bce;  see  Becb. 

BceHap6AH|biH  [fs^mArod- 
nty]  a  sh  f  BcenapoAeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  national,  nation-wide; 
—oe  AeJio  the  common  cause 
of  the  nation. 


BceoSmlHH  [fs^i^6psh^:iy]  a 
-an,  -ee,  -He  general,  univer- 
sal {practice t  joy,  etc). 

Bcepbes  [fs'^i^'r^yos,  -z]  adv 
in  earnest,  seriously;  npH- 
HHMaxb  ~  take  seriously. 

BcecoK)3HbiH  [fs^isAyuznly] 
a  AU-Union,  national,  USSR 
{attr). 

BcecTOpOHHJHH  [fs^istAron^- 
n'^iy]  a  all-round,  thorough, 
comprehensive,  detailed. 

Bce-raKH  [fs'^otak^i]  cf  & 
part  nevertheless,  still,  yet, 
for  all  that. 

Bcex  [fs^ekh,  -gh]  gen,  ace 
&  pr  of  Bce;  see  bccb. 

Bceuejio  [fs^i*^tsel9]  adv 
entirely,  wholly. 

BCKaKHBlaxb  [fskak^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BCKOH|Hxb 
[fskAch^it^]  perf  -y ,  BCKo^Hiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  jump  {1) 
on  to  a  chair,  etc,  2)  into  a 
tram,  etc)',  2.  jump  up;  bcko- 
qpixb  c  nocxejiH  jump  out  of 
bed;  BCKoqHXb  na  hofh  jump 
up,  jump  to  one's  feet. 

BCKHnjixHxb    see    KHnnxHXb. 

BCKOjibSb  [fskoPs^,  -z^]  adv 
casually,  in  passing;  cKaaaxb 
qxo-Ji.  --  make  a  casual 
remark. 

BCKope  [fskor^i]  adv  soon 
{after),  shortly  {after). 

BCKOHHTb    SCe   BCKaKHBaXb. 

BCKpHKHB  I  axb  [fskr^'ik^i  vat^i 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  BCKpHK- 
HJyTb  [fskr^'iknut^]  perf  -y, 
-eiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  cry  out, 
scream. 

BCKpbiB|aTb  [fskrivat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiub,  BCKp|bixb 
[fskrtt^]   perf   -6k),  -oeuib,  p 


BKC 


—  60  — 


-tiji,  imp  -OH  1.  open,  unseal; 
2.  fig  reveal,  disclose; 
BCKpbiTb  cepbe3Hbie  HeAocxax- 
KH  lay  bare  serious  short- 
comings. 

BCKphiBJaxbcn  [fskrtvattsa] 
imperf  -aexcH,  BCKp|uxbcsi 
[  fskr I tts9 ]  p^r/ -oexcH,  p  -biJi- 
CH,  -biJiacb  1.  burst,  break 
{of  an  abscess);  2.:  pen  a 
BCKpbiJiacb  the  ice  in  the  riv- 
er has  broken  up. 

BCKpbixb  see  BCKpbisaxb. 

BCKpbiTbCsi  see  BCKpbieaxbCH. 

BCJieA  [fs^'l^et,  -d]  1  adv: 
-^  33  after,  following;  haxh 
'-  sa  KeM-;i.  follow  smb; 
II  prep  with  dat:  CMOxpexb 
'^  KOMy-Ji.  follow  smb  with 
one's  eyes. 

BCJieflcxBHe  [fs^'l^'etjtv^iya] 
prep  with  gen  in  consequence 
of,  owing  to. 

BCJiyx  [fslukh,  -gh]  adv 
aloud. 

BCMaxpHBlaxbCH  [fsmatri- 
V9ttj9]  imperf  -aracb,  -aemb- 
CH,  BCMOxplexbCH  [fsmAtr^e- 
ttja]  per/-K)Cb,  BCMoxpHiubCH, 
p  -eJicH,  -eJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  peer  {into,  at);  scru- 
tinize, look  closely. 

Bcnaxaxb  see  naxaxb. 

BcnoMHH|axb  [fspam^inat^] 
imperf  -aK),  -aeiub,  BcnoM- 
HJHXb  (fspomn^it**]  perf  -kd, 
-HUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  recollect, 
recall,  remember. 

BcnoMoraxejibHbiH  ffspamA- 
gat^iPnly]  a  auxiliary,  sub- 
sidiary. 

Bcnoxexb  see  noxexb  1. 

BcnbijibHHBlbiH  [fsplPch^'i- 
viy]    a   sh   f  --t    -a,    -o,   -bi 


hot-tempered,  quicktempered. 

BcnbixHB|axb  [fsplkh^'ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bcnbix- 
HJyxb  [fsplkhnut'']  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  blaze 
up,  take  fire;  flash  {of  a 
light);  break  out  {of  a  fire; 
also  fig);  2.  flush,  blush. 

Bcnbiiu|Ka  [fsplshka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  1.  flash  {of  lightning, 
etc);  2.  outburst  {of  emotions); 
fit  {of  anger,  etc). 

Bcxajeaxb  [fstAvat^]  imperf 
-K),  -eiub,  p  -BaJi,  imp  -Ban, 
Bcxajxb  [fstat^]  perf  Bcxany, 
BCxaHeuib,  p  -Ji,  imp  -Hb  1. 
stand  up,  rise,  get  up;  —Baxb 
H3-3a  cxojia  get  up  from  the 
table;  Kor^a  oh  -~ex?  when 
does  he  get  up?;  h  y>Ke  ~ji 
I'm  up  already;  ~Baxb  Ha 
qxo-Ji.  get  on  smth;  2.  fig 
rise,  rise  up  {to  defend  smth). 

BCxaBHXb  see  BcxaBJiHXb. 

BCxaBJi|MXb  [fstAvPat'']  im- 
perf    -HKD,     -HeUIb,      BCXaBJHXb 

[fstav^'it*']  perf  -jiio,  -Huib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -h  put  in,  fix  iji; 
put  {into),  fix  {into);  ~HXb 
3y6bi  have  a  set  of  teeth  made. 

BOX ax b  see  Bcxasaxb. 

BcxpCBOJKHXb      see     xpcBO- 

JKHXb    1. 

BCxpexHXb  see  Bcxpe^axb. 
BcxpexHxbCJi  see  Bcxpenaxh- 

C5I. 

BCxpeHJa  [fstr^ech^a]  /  -h, 
~1.  meeting  {by  accident , etc); 

2.  sport  meeting,  meet,  match; 

3.  reception  {1)  a  formal  wel- 
come; 2)  a  formal  assembly); 
reunion  {of  friends,  etc). 

BcxpeH|axb  [fstr^'i^ch^at*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BCxpex|HXb 


—  61  — 


BC$I 


[fstr^et^it^]  perf  BCTpe^y, 
-Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -b  1.  meet 
{smh,  a  train,  etc);  2.  receive, 
greet  {smb)\  —aib  rocTefl 
welcome  one's  guests;  3.  meet 
with  {kindness,  etc)',  —  aTb 
Ten.HbiH  [xoJioAHbm]  npHCM 
get  a  warm  [cold]  welcome; 
'— aTb  c  yAOBJieTBOpeHHCM 
welcome;  —  aTb  anjioAHCMCH- 
TaMH  greet  with  applause; 
<>  ~aTb  B  uiTbiKM  give  a 
hostile  reception;  —aib  H6- 
BbiH  roA  see  the  New  Year  in. 

BCTpeHlaxbCJi  [fstr^i^ch^a- 
tt^a]  imperf  -aKXb,  -aeuibCH, 
BCTpexlHTbCfl  [fstr^et^ittsa] 
perf  BCTpeMycb,  -HuibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -bCH, 
-biecb  1.  meet  {of  people, 
lines,  etc);  meet  with,  come 
across;  2.  see  {each  other;  lit- 
tle of  smb,  etc);  3.  be  found 
{in  some  area,  of  plants,  etc). 

BCTpeHHbiii  [fstr^ech^niy]  I 
a:  —  Bexep  head  wind;  — 
noesA  train  from  the  opposite 
direction;  ^  njian  counter- 
-plan; 

1 1  as  a  noun  BcxpeHHlbiH 
m  -oro,  -bix:  nepBbiH  -^  col 
the  first  man  one  meets;  any- 
body; {Kamji^bm)  —  h  none- 
peHHbiH  col  anybody  and  ev- 
erybody. 

BCTynjaxb  [fstupat^]  imperf 
>aK),  -aeuib,  BCTyn|HTb  [fstu- 
pHi^]  perf  -jik),  BCTynHuib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  enter,  march 
{into);  2.  join  {a  party,  trade 
union,  etc);  3.  enter  {into), 
start  {an  argument,  conversa- 
tion, etc); 
^    -^axb    B    6paK   c   kcm-ji. 


marry  smb;  ---aTb  b  AeficTBHe 

come  into  operation;  ~aTb 
b  cHJiy  come  into  effect; —ajb 
B  CBOM  npaBa  assert  oneself; 
—  axb  Ha  nyib  {neeo-A.)  em- 
bark on  the  path   {of). 

BCTynjaTbCH  [fstupattsa]  im- 
perf -aKx:b,  -aeiubCH,  Bcry- 
n|HTbCji  [fstupMttja]  perf 
-jiiocb,  BCiynHmbCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  stand 
up  {for),  stick  up  {for). 

BCTynHTejibH|biH  [fstupM- 
t^iPnty]  a  introductory;  en- 
trance {attr);  ~oe  cjiobo 
opening  address. 

BCTynMTb  see  BciynaTb. 

BcrynHTbCJi  see  BCTynaxbCH. 

BCxoAJHTb  [fskhAd^it^]  im- 
perf    BCXO>Ky,      BCXOAHUIb,     p 

-HJI,  imp  -H,  b3o|hth  [vzAytMl 
perf  -HAy,  -HAeuib,  p  -meji, 
-iiijia,  imp  -HAH  1.  mount, 
ascend  {to),  climb  {a  moun- 
tain); 2.  rise  {of  the  sun, 
moon) . 

BCK)  [fs^u]  ace  of  bch;  see 
Becb. 

BCWAy  [fs^udu]  adv  every- 
where. 

BCH  [fs^a]  pron  f  bcch, 
Bceft,  BtK),  Bceft,  (o,  o6o)  BceH 
see  Becb. 

BCflKJHH  [fs^ak^iy]  I  pron 
def  -an,  -oe,  -ne  1.  any;  ev- 
ery; 2.  all  kinds  of,  all  wts 

II  as  a  noun  1.  bchkIhA 
m  -oro,  -hx  anyone;  every- 
one; 2.  BCHKJoe  n  -oro 
anything;  ^oe  fibiBaex  things 
do  happen; 

^  BO  -~0M  cjiywae  in  any 
case,  anyhow;   na    —  hh  cjiy- 


BTH 


—  62  ~ 


Hafi  just  in  case;  to  make 
sure;  to  be  on  the  safe  side. 

BTHXoMOJiKy  [ft^ikhAmolku] 
adv  col  on  the  quiet. 

BTOpr|aTbCJi  [ftArgattsa]  im- 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeiubcn,  sTOpr- 
JHyTbCfl  [ftorgnuttja]  perf 
-Hycb,  -Heiuben,  p  -ch,  -Jiacb 
invade  {a  country),  encroach 
(upon),  break  (into). 

BTopHHHo  [ftAr^ich^na]  adv 
a  second  time,  for  the  second 
time. 

BTOpHHHbiH  [ftAr^ich^niy]  a 
1.  second  (reading,  etc);  2.  sec- 
ondary (symptoms,  etc). 

BTOpHHK  [ftorn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  Tuesday. 

BTOpoH  [ftAroy]  I  num  ord 
&  a  \.  second;  2.  the  latter 
(of  two); 

l\  as  a  noun  Bxoploe  n 
-oro^  -bix  second  course  (of 
a  meal). 

BToponflx  [ftarAp^akh,  -gh] 
adv  hastily,  in  a  hurry;  in 
one's  hurry, 

RTopocTeneHHibiH  [ftara- 
s^t^i^p^'enntyj  a  sh  f  exopo- 
cTeneneH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  minor 
(question,  etc). 

B-TpeibHX  [ftr^et^ikh]  par- 
enth  thirdly. 

BTpoe  [ftroya]  adv\.  three- 
fold, three  times  (as  much, 
mamy,  etc);  ~  MeHbme  a  third 
(o^2.:  cJiojKHTb  ~  fold  in 
three. 

BTpoeiM  [ftrAyom]  adv  re- 
ferring to  three  people:  mm 
[oHH,  Bbi]  ^  the  three  of  us 
[of  them,  of  you]. 

BTys  [ftus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
(=Bbicmee  xexHHHecKoe  yqe6- 


Hoe  saBefldHHe)  technical  col- 
lege /  institute. 

BxbiKJaxb  [ftikat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  BoxKHlyxb  [vAtk- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  stick  (a  needle,  etc); 
drive  (a  stake,  etc,  into  smth). 

BxflrHBJaxb  [ft^ag^iv9t^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BXHHlyxb 
[ft^i^nut^]  perf  -y,  BXHHeiub, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  1.  pull  in, 
draw  in;  pull  (into,  on  to), 
draw  (into,  on  to);  2.  breathe 
in;  absorb  (a  liquid);  3.  fig 
draw  (into);  involve  (in). 

BxnrHB|aTbcsi  [ft^ag^iva- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH, 
BTflHJyxbcsi  [ff^i^nuttjs]  perf 
-ycb,  BXHHeuibCH,  p  -yjicH, 
-yjiacb,  imp  -Hcb,  -Hxecb  get 
used  (to);  become  keen    (on). 

BxJiHyxb  see  BxnrHBaxb. 

BxanyxbCfl  see  BXHPHBaxbCH. 

Bys  [vus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
(=Bbiciiiee  yMednoe  saBe^e- 
HHe)  higher  educational  es- 
tablishment. 

ByjiKaH  [vulkan]  m  -a,  -ob 
volcano. 

BXOA  [fkhot,  -d]  m  -a,    -ob 

1.  entrance  (the  act  or  right 
of);    admission,    admittance; 

2.  entrance  (door);  cjiy>Ke6- 
HbiH  ~  staff  entrance. 

BxoAJHxb  [fkhAd^it^]  imperf 
BXOJKy,  BXOAHiiib,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-H,  boh|xm  [vAyt^i]  perf 
-Ay,  -Aeiiib,  p  Boiueji,  Bomjia, 
imp  -AH  1.  enter  (a  room, 
etc);  come  in,  step  inside; 
come  (into  a  house,  etc);  go 
in  (enter);  go  (into  a  room, 
etc);  2.  go  in  (when  there  is 
enough  room);  go  Unto  a  con- 


^  63  — 


Bbl5 


tainer);  3.  go  {into  details, 
stub's  interests,  etc)',  4.  be  a 
member  (of);  take  part  (in); 
■~HTb  B  cocxas  be  a  member 
(of),  be  (a)  part  (of);  —HXb 
B  qHCjio  be  (a)  part  (of),  be 
reckoned  (among); 
<>  ~HTb  B  MOAy  come  into 
fashion;  ~HTb  b  cMjiy  /  b  ach- 
CTBHC  come  into  effect;  ~HTb 
B  6biT  become  usual  in  our 
[their]  life;  ~HTb  b  aobc- 
pHe  K  KOMy-ji.  win  smb's 
confidence;  -~HTb  b  nbe-ji. 
nojiojKeHHe  sympathize  with 
smb,  understand  smb's  posi- 
tion, put  oneself  in  smb's 
place;  --HTb  b  HcropHio  go 
down  in  history;  -^Hxb  c 
npeAJio^KeHHCM  b  npasHxejib- 
CTBO  submit  a  proposal  to 
the  government. 

BIJCIIC  [ve-tse-es-pe-es] 
abbrev  (m)  (=BcecoK)3HbiH 
UeHxpajibHbifi  CoBex  npo4)ec- 
CHOHajibHbix  Coiosob)  the 
Central  Council  of  Trade 
Unions  of  the  USSR. 

BHepa  [fch^i^ra]  adv  yester- 
day; -^  yxpoM  yesterday  morn- 
ing; ~  HOHbK)  last  night 
(after  midnight). 

BHepauJHHH  [fch^i^rashn^iy] 
a  yesterday's;  Becb  —  aenb 
the  whole  of  yesterday. 

BMexBepo  [fch^et^v^irs]  adv 
1.  fourfold,  four  times  (as 
much,  many,  etc);  -^  MeHbuie 
a  quarter  (of);  2.:  cjioH^HXb 
'-  fold  in  four. 

BHexBepoM  [fch^it^v^i^rom] 
adv  referring  to  four  people: 
Mbi  [oHH,  Bbi]  ~  the  four  of 
us  [of  them,  of  you]. 


BuiH  [fshi],  Buieft  [fshey] 
see  Boiub. 

B-bcsA  [vyest,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  entrance  (for  trans- 
port); 2.  approach  (a  way 
leading  to...). 

BTjCsiKlaxb  [vyi^zh^.-at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  B-belxaxb 
[vyekhat^]  perf  -Ay,  -jxeuih, 
p  -xaji  1.  ride  in,  drive  in; 
ride  (into),  drive  (into);  enter 
(on  horseback  or  in  a  vehicle); 
2.  move  (into  a  new  flat). 

Bbi  [vi]  pron  pers  2nd  per- 
son pi  (and  polite,  respectful 
sing)  Bac,  Ban,  sac,  BaMH,  (o) 
Bac  you;  6e3  Bac  without 
you;  Kxo  ji,aji  BaM  axy  KHHry? 
who  gave  you  this  book?;  h 
BHAeJi  Bac  I  saw  you;  oh  ao- 
BOJieH  BaMH  he  is  pleased 
with  you;  mu  roBopHJiH  o  sac 
we  spoke  about  you;  Bhkxop 
ceftqac  y  Bac?  is  Victor  at 
your  place  now? 

Bbi...  pref  denoting  1.  com- 
pletion of  an  action:  Bbmrpaxb 
[viigrst^]  win,  gain;  2.  move- 
ment to  the  outside:  Bbi6e- 
>Kaxb  [vib^izhat^]  run  out 
(of  the  house,  etc);  3.  attain- 
ment of  an  end  by  an  action: 
BbixpeCoBaxb  [vftr'ibavat^J 
demand  and  obtain. 

BbiSMBJdxb  [vib^ivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbi6|HXb  [vl- 
b^it^]  perf  -bio,  -beiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -eH  1.  knock  out  (a  wedge, 
etc);  smash  (a  window);  bh- 
6HXb  npoxHBHHKa  dislodge  the 
enemy;  2.  beat  out  (the  dust); 

<>     Bbl6HXb     Aypb     H3     rOJlOBbl 

col   knock    the   nonsense  out 
of  smb. 


Bbid 


—  64  — 


BbiSHpjaTb  [vib^'irat'']  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aeiiib,  BbiSplaxb 
[vibrat^]  perf  Bbi6epy,  Bbi6e- 
peuib,     p    -aji,    imp    Bbi6epH 

1.  choose;  select,  pick  out; 
--aHTe!     take    your    choice!; 

2.  elect  {representatives,  etc); 

3.  take  (everything)  out. 
BbiduTb  see  BtidHBaxb. 
Bbi6op     [vibar]     m     -a    1. 

choice;  alternative;  ocxaHo- 
BHTb  CBOH  --  Ha  HCM-ji.  choose 
smth,  fix  on  smth;  no  cbo- 
CMy  ^y  of  one's  own  choice; 
2.  Bbi6op|bi  pi  -OB  election(s); 
HATH  Ha  ~bi  go  to  the  polls; 
<»  Ha  ~-  at  choice. 

Bbi6opHbiH  [vibarniy]  a 
elective  {office);  electoral. 

Bbi6opbi  see  Bbi6op  2. 

Bbi6pacbiB|aTb  [vibrastvat^] 
Imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Bbi6po- 
cJHTb  [vtbras'^it^]  perf  Bbi- 
6poiijy,  -HUJb,   p    -HJi,  imp  -b 

1.  throw  out;  discard  {give 
up);  chuck  out;  —aib  b  okho 
throw  out  of  the  window; 
'— axb  Ha    6eper    cast  ashore; 

2.  fig  col  waste,  squander, 
throw  away; 

<^    Bbl6pOCHTb     H3    FOJIOBbl    COl 

put  out  of  one's  head. 

Bbi6paTb  see  Bbi6HpaTb. 

Bbi6pocHTb  see  Bbidpacbmaib. 

BbidbiBJaTb  [vibivat^]  im- 
perf -aw,  -^eiub,  Bbi6|biTb 
[vibU^l  perf  -y^y,  -yAeuib, 
p  -biji  leave,  quit;  -^arb  h3 
Hrpbi  leave  the  game,  quit, 
be  out  of  it; 

-<^    Bbl6bITb    H3   CXpOfl      1)     quit 

the  ranks;  2)  mil  become  a 
casualty. 

BUBeSTH   see   BblBOSHTb. 


BblBCCHTb    see      BblBeiUHBaib. 

BbiBec|Ka  [viv^iska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  J.  sign,  signboard;  2.  fig: 
noA  —  Koii  under  the  guise 
(0/). 

Bb'lBeCTH    see    BblBOAHTb. 

BbiBeuiHB|aTb  [viv^eshi- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  bw- 
BecJHTb  [viv^is^it^J  perf  Bbi- 
Beiiiy,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
hang  out  {a  flag,  etc);  put 
up  {an  announcement). 

BbiBHXHlyxb  [vtv^ikhnut^] 
perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
put  out  (of  joint),  dislocate; 
'-yxb  Hory  sprain  one's  foot. 

BbiBOA  [vivat,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  withdrawal-    {of    troops); 

2.  conclusion,  inference;  cAe- 
jiaxb  --  draw  a  conclusion; 
npHHTH  K  ~y  arrive  at  a 
conclusion. 

BbiBOA|HTb  [vivAd^it^]  im- 
perf BbIBO>Ky,  BblBOAHlUb,  p 
-HJI,     imp     -H,     BblBejCTH     [vl- 

v^is^t^i]  perf  -Ay,  -Aeiub,  p 
-ji,  imp  -AH  1.  lead  out,  take 
out;  help  out;  —Hib  BoficKa 
withdraw  troops;  2.  expel, 
remove  {smb  from  a  commit- 
tee, etc);  3.  exterminate, 
destroy  {vermin);  remove 
{stains);  4.  grow,  raise  {ani- 
mals); hatch    {from  the  egg); 

<>       ~HTb      H3      3a6jiy}KAeHHfl 

undeceive,  open  the  eyes  {of); 
~HTb  Koro-Ji.  H3  ce6M  put 
smb  beside  himself;  —Hib 
Koro-Ji.  H3  TepneHHH  try  smb's 
patience;  BbiBCCTH  Koro-Ji.  h3 
xepneHHfl     exasperate      smb; 

-~HTb     M3     CTpOH     put     OUt    of 

action,  disable;  destroy  {mil- 
itary equipment). 


65 


BbIA 


BbiBos  [vtvas,  -z]  m  -a  econ 
export;  exports. 

BblBOSJHTb     [viVAZh't^]     im- 

perf    BbiBOHcy,    BbmoaHiub,    p 

-HJI,     imp     -H,     BbIBe3|TH     [vl- 

v^is^t^i]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  — -, 
-jia,  /mp  -H  1.  take  out  (0/ 
some  place  by  vehicle);  re- 
move [garbage,  etc);  2.  export. 

BbirjiaAMTb  see  rjia^Hib  1 . 

BbirjiHAleTb  [vlgl^'ad^it^] 
imperf  Bb'irjiHH<y,  -HLUb,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H  look  {bad,  young;  etc). 

BbirJi^AbiB|aTb  [viyPadt- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
BbirjiMHJyTb  [vlgl^anut^l  per} 
-y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1. 
look  out  (0/  the  window,  etc); 
2.  peep  out  {through  smth), 
emerge  {from  behind  smth). 

BbirHaTb  see  BbiroHHXb. 

BbiroBapMB|aTb  [vigAvar^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  bm- 
roBop|HTb  [vtgavar'^it^]  perf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H 
1.  pronounce,  utter;  2.  {no 
perf)  col  reprimand,    rebuke. 

BbiroBOp  [vfgavar]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  pronunciation  {the 
mode  of);  2.  reprimand;  re- 
proof; scolding. 

BbiroBopHTb   See    BuroBapH- 

Baib  I . 

BbiroAJa  [vig9d9]  /  -bi,  ~ 
advantage,  benefit;  profit, 
gain;  HSBJie^b —y  derive  ben- 
efit {from);  sto  ^aeT  mhofo 
~  this  has  many  advantages. 

BbiroAHibiH  [vigadniy]  a  sh 
f  Bbiro;teH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  advan- 
tageous {position,  etc);  prof- 
itable; paying. 

BbiroHlflTb  [vigAn^at^]  im- 
perf   -HK),    -Hemb,    Bbir|HaTb 


[vlgnat^]  perf  -ohic,  -oHHiub, 
p  -Haji,  imp  -OHH  drive  out, 
expel  {from  home,  school,  etc); 
Bbirnaxb  Koro-ji.  c  paSoxbi 
col  give    smb  the  sack  /  bird. 

BbirpyiK|aTb  [vtgruzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  Bbirpy- 
3;HTb  [vlgruz^it^]  perf  bm- 
rpyjKy,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
unload  {cargo,  etc). 

BbiAaJBarb  [vfdAvat'']  im- 
perf -K),  -euib,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Baft,  BbiAaJTb  [vtdat^l  perf 
-M,  -mb,  -CT,  -;iHM,  -AHxe, 
-AyT,  p  -Ji,  -Jia,  imp  -h  1. 
give,  hand;  distribute;  2.  give 
up  {a  criminal);  extradite; 
3.  give  away,  betray  {a  secret, 
etc);  4.  set  up  {for),  make 
pass  {for);  -^-oaxb  ce6H  3a 
Kor6-;i.  give  oneself  out  to 
be  smb,    pretend  to   be  smb. 

BbiAaJBaTbcn  [vidAvattsa] 
imperf  -K)Cb,  -euibCH,  p  -Baji- 
CH,  -Bajiacb,  imp  -BaftcH, 
-Baflxecb,  BbiAa|Tbcsi  [vfda- 
tts9]  perf  -MCH,  -iUbCH,  p  -jicn, 
-jiacb,  imp  -iicH,  -Hxecb 
1.  stick  out,  protrude,  jut 
out;  2.  be  conspicuous  {for); 
stand  out  {among  others); 
3.  occur,  happen  to  be;  bm- 
AajiCH  xopouiHH  AeHb  it  hap- 
pened   to   be    a    fine    day;   y 

MCHH        Bbl^aJIOCb        HeCKOJIbKO 

qacoB  I  happened  to  have  a 
few  hours  to  spare. 

BbiAaxb  see  BbiAaBaxb. 

BbiAaxbC5i  see  BUAaBaxbCH. 

BbiAaHJa  [vfd9ch^9]  /  -h,  ^ 

1.  delivery  {handing  over); 
distribution,  issue,   payment; 

2.  extradition. 
BbiAaH)ii;|HHCH  [vtdAyu- 


BWfl 


—  66  — 


sh^:iys^9]  a  [pa]  -ancH,  -eecH, 
-HecH  remarkable,  distin- 
guished; outstanding,  emi- 
nent. 

BbijlBHrlarb  [vidv^igat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  bwabh- 
H|yTb  [vfdv^inut^]  perf  -y, 
-eiub,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  pull 
out,  move  out;  — aib  hiuhk 
(cTOJia)  open  a  drawer;  2.  fig 
put  forward,  suggest  {a  theory, 
idea,  etc);  ^axb  Bonpoc  raise 
a  question;  ^-axb  o6BHHeHHe 
npoTHB  Koro-ji.  bring  a  charge/ 
an  accusation  against  smb; 
—  axb  Ha  nepBbifl  njian  put  in 
the  forefront;  —aib  na  ne- 
peAHHH  njian  push  into  the 
foreground;  3.  nominate  {to 
an  office;  a  candidate);  pro- 
mote (to  a  higher  position). 

BHJiejlHTb   see   Rbl^eJIHTb. 

!?tiiflejiHTbcsi  see  BbiAejiHibCH. 

Bbi;ieji|«Tb  [vid^i^l^at^] 
imperf  -hkd,  -Heiub,  Bbijte- 
Ji|HTb  [vtd^il^it^]  perf  -lo, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  single 
out,    choose;    allot    {money); 

2.  portion  {give    as  a  share); 

3.  mark  out  {as  suitable  for); 
distinguish  {smb). 

Bbi;ieji|«TbCJi  [vid^'i^l^attja] 
imperf  -^KDCb,  -HeuibCH,  bw- 
flcji]  HTbCM  [vld^iPittja]   perf 

-K)Cb    -HIUbCH,  p  -HJICH,  -H.TaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  be  distin- 
guished (by),  stand  out  {]) 
for  smth;  from  others;  2) 
against  a  background). 

BbiAep)KaHH|biH  [vid^irzhan- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  BbiAep^aH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  self-possessed; 
2.  ripe  {cheese,  tobacco,  etc); 
old  (wine). 


BbijtepwaTb  see  Bhij^epma- 
Baxb. 

Bbi;iep)KHB|aTb  [vid^'erzhl- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  bm- 
flep)K|aTb  [vid^irzhat^]  perf 
-y,  -Hiiib,  p  -aji,  imp  -h 
1.  bear,  stand,  sustain  {also 
fig);  BbiAepJKaxb  6ypK)  weath- 
er a  storm;  Bbi;tep>Kaxb 
HcnbixaHHe  stand  the  test; 
BbiAep>Kaxb  3K3aMeH  pass  an 
examination;  2.  contain  one- 
self; OHa  He  BbiAepH^ajia  h 
pacnjiaKajiacb  she  broke  down 
and  burst  into  tears; 
<>  BbiflepJKaxb  pojib  keep  up 
one's  role;  Bbi^ep^axb  xapaK- 
xep  stand  firm,  be  steadfast; 
be  true  to  oneself;  Bbijiep- 
}Kaxb  TpH  H3;iaHHfl  run  into 
three  editions. 

Bb'wepjKKJa  I  [vid^irshka]  / 
-H  1.  self-control,  self-posses- 
sion; endurance,  staying  pow- 
er; 2.  photo  exposure. 

BfaijiepjK|Ka  II  [vld^irshka] 
/  -KH,   -eK  quotation,  excerpt. 

Bbinox  [vfdakh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-OB  expiration,  exhalation. 

BbijipecCHpoBaxb  see  ApeccH- 
pOBaxb. 

BbwyMaxb  see  BbiAyMbmaxb. 

BbiflyMbiBJaxb  [vidumtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  Bbi^y- 
M|aTb  [vidumat^]  perf  -aio, 
-aeuib  1.  invent,  devise;  2. 
concoct,  fabricate,  make  up; 
<>  He  ~aH!  col  1)  do  as  you 
are  told!;  2)  stop  this  non- 
sense! 

Bbiesfl  [vfyast,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  departure,  leaving; 
2.  exit,  way  out  {for  vehicles); 
'^  H3  ropoAa  town  gates. 


67  — 


BblK 


Bbie3}KlaTb  fviyi^zh^.-at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbie|xaTb 
[viyskhat^]  perf  -jxy,  -A'^uih, 
p  -xaji  1.  leave,  go  out  (of); 
~aTb  H3  ropoAa  leave  the 
town;  —aib  na  Aany  go  to 
the  country;  Bbiexaib  sa  rpa- 
HHuy  go  abroad;  2.  move, 
change  residence;  — axb  h3 
KsapTHpbi  move,  change  res- 
idence. 

BbiSBaxb  see  BbisbieaTb. 

BbI3A0paBJIHB{aTb         [vizdA- 

ravPivat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
Bbi3;topoB|eTb  [vizddv^v^ii^] 
perf  -eio,  -eeuib  recover,  be 
convalescent,  get  better. 

Bbi30B  [vizaf,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  summons,  subpoena;  2. 
challenge  {to  contest,  etc); 
defiance. 

Bbi3biB|dTb  [vizivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbi3B|aTb 
[vlzvat^j  perf  Bbi30By,  sbiso- 
Beuib,  p  -aji,  imp  Bbi30BH 
1.  call  {a  doctor,  a  taxi,  etc); 
^axb  aKiepa  call  an  actor 
before  the  curtain;  ^aib  na 
6hc  encore;  2.  challenge  (to 
a  contest,  etc);  3.  summon 
(to  a  court,  etc);  4.  arouse, 
excite;  call  forth,  provoke, 
cause;  — -aib  BocnoMHHaHHe 
y  Koro-ji.  0  MCM-Ji.  remind 
smb  of  smth;  —axb  cjiesbi  y 
Koro-ji..  draw  tears  from  smb; 
>-aTb  coMHeHHH  give  rise  to 
doubt. 

Bbi3bi6aK)ii;|HH  [vizivayu- 
sh^:iy]  a  [pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He 
defiant;  outrageous,  revolting; 
provocative  {behaviour,  etc). 

BbiHrpaTb  see  BbmrpbiBarb. 

BWHrpbiBJaTb     [viigriv9t^] 


imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BWHrpIarb 
[vtigrat^I  perf  -aio,  -aeuib 
win,  gain;  Bbinrpaxb  y  kofo-ji. 
beat  smb,  defeat  smb  {in  a 
game,  etc). 

BbiHrpbiui  [viigrish,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  1.  prize  {in  a  lottery, 
etc);  winnings;  2.  gain,  prof- 
it; winning  {the  act  of). 

BbiHrpbiuiHbiH  [vligrishnty] 
a  advantageous  {position,  etc). 

Bb'lHTH     see     BblXOAHTb    1,   2, 

3,  4,  5,  6,  7. 

BbiKHAbiBJaTb  [vik^idivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  BbiKHH|yTb 
[vlk^inut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-yji,  imp  -b  throw  out;  discard 
{give  up);  chuck  out;  —axb 
B  OKHO  throw  out  of  the 
window;  ~axb  Ha  6eper  cast 
ashore. 

BbiKJid;ibiBlaxb  [vikladtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BWJiOH(|HTb 
[vfbzhtt^f  perf  -y,  -HUib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  take  out 
{things  from  a  suitcase,  etc); 
lay  out,  spread  out;  2.  fig 
col  tell  plainly,  unbosom,  set 
(before  smb)  {one's  thoughts, 
etc);  3.;  —axb  Knpinmou 
brick;  --axb  KaMueM  face 
with  masonry;  ~axb  njiHxaMH 
flag  {a  pavement,  etc). 

BbiKjiioMaxejiIb  [vikl^uch^a- 
t^iP]  m  -H,  -eft  electr  switch. 

BbiKJiK)H|axb  [vikPuch^at^I 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  BbiKJiio- 
H|HXb  [vfkl^uch^it^j  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  switch 
off,  turn  off  {electric  light, 
gas,  etc);  cut  off  {the  tele- 
phone, etc);  ~aTb  Moxop  shut 
off  /  stop  an  engine. 

BbiKpacHTb  see  KpacHXb  1. 


BblK 


68 


BbiKpoHK|a  [vtkraykal  /  -h, 
BbiKpoeK  pattern  {for  sewing). 
BbiKynaTb  see  Kynaib. 
BUKynaTbcsi  see  KynaibCH, 

BblJI    [Vil]    see    BblTb. 

BbiJie3|aTb  [vil^i^zat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BbiJie3|Tb 
[vll^is^t^]  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p 
^,  -Jia,  imp  -H  1.  crawl  out; 
climb  out;  2.  col  get  out  {of 
a  tram,  etc);  3.  fall  out, 
come  out  {of  hair);  wear  {of 
fur). 

BMJienHTb  see  jiennxb  1. 

Bbi;ieT|aTb  [vtPi^tat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  BbiJierjeTb 
[vll^it^it^]  perf  BhiJieny,  -Huib, 
p  -en,  imp  -h  start,  leave 
(by  air); 

<>  3T0   Bbwerejio  y  mchm    h3 
rojioBbi  it  has  escaped   me. 

BbiJie4HB|aTb  [vtl*'ech^iv9t^] 
imperf  -aro,  -aeiub,  BbiJie- 
H|HTb  [vil^ich^it^]  perf  -y, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  cure  {a 
patient;  a  disease). 

BbiJiHB|aTb  [viPivat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  BbiJiJHTb 
[vll^'it^]  perf  -bK),  -beiub,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -eft  1.  pour  out, 
empty;  2.  cast,  mould,  found. 

BbiJiHB|aTbC5i  [viPivattj9] 
imperf  -aeicn,  Bbiji|HTbcsi  [vf- 
l^ittsa]  perf  -bexcH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb  1.  run  out,  4Dour  out; 
overflow;  2.:  HCHSBecTHO,  bo 
HTO  9T0  BbiJibexcH  it's  not 
known  what  will  come  of 
it  /  how  it  will  shape. 

BblJIHTb    see   BblJIHBaTb. 
BblJlHTbCSI  ^See    BblJIHBaTbCH, 
BblJIO%HTb  see  BMKJiaAblBaXb, 

BbiMor|aTb  [vimAgat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb  extort. 


BbiMneji  [vimp^'il]  m  -a,  -ob 
pennant;  pendant. 

BblMblTb    see   MblTb. 
BblMblTbCH    see   MblTbCH. 

BbiMbiiijjieHHMH  [vfmishPin- 
niy]  a  [pa]  concocted,  fabri- 
cated; invented;  imaginary, 
fictitious. 

BbiM|5i  [vfm^a]  n  -chh  ud- 
der. 

BblHCCTH    see   BblHOCHTb. 

BbiHHMJaTb  [vin^imat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  BbiHJyTb  [vf- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -b  take  out  {of  a  bag, 
etc);  pull  out  {a  handkerchief, 
etc). 

BbiH|ocHTb  [vinAs^it^]  im- 
perf -omy,  -ocHiiib,  p  -ocHJi, 
imp  -ocH,  BbiHecJTH  [vlnh- 
s^t^i]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  ^, 
-jia,  imp  -H  1.  carry  out, 
take  out  {of  some  place); 
bring  out;  —ocHTb  mto-ji,  bo 
;;BOp  take  smth  into  the  yard; 
~ocHTb  mo-Ji.  Ha  yJiHHy  take 
smth  into  the  street;  — ochtb 
Ha      6eper       wash      ashore; 

2.  submit    {for    discussiony, 

3.  stand,  bear,  endure  {pain, 
smb,  etc);  4.  pass  {a  resolu- 
tion, sentence,  etc); 

<>  —ocHTb  Ha  cbohx  njie- 
nax  bear  {the  brunt). 

BbiH6cjiHB|biH  [  vinos ''l^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -u 
hardy,  tough  {able  to  endure 
fatigue,  hardship,  etc). 

BbinyflHTb    see   BbiHy>KAaTb. 

BbinyiKfllaTb  [vtnuzhdat^j 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbiny- 
;i|HTb  [vlnud^it^]  perf  bw- 
Hyxcy,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
force,  compel;  make   {smb  do 


69-- 


BUP 


smth);  OH  Bhmymjxen  CAejiaxb 
9T0  he  has  /  is  forced  to  do  it. 

BbiHyTb  see  BbiHHMaxb, 

BbinaA  [vtp9t,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
attack,  calumny. 

BbinaA  I  arb  [vipAdat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbina|cTb 
[vlpas^t^]  perf  -jxy,  -Aeiiib, 
p  -j\,  imp  -Ah  1.  fall  out  {of 
smth);  drop  out  {of  smb's 
hands);  2.  fall  {of  rain,  etc); 
BbinaJio  MHoro  cnery  there 
has  been  a  heavy  fall  of 
snow;  3.  fall  out,  come  out 
{of  hair);  4.:  eMy  Bbmajia 
qecTb...  he  had  the  honour...; 
CMy  Bbmaji  yupiCnvi  the  lot 
fell  on  him; 

^  BbinacTb  Ha  a^jik)  KOMy-ji. 
fall  to  smb's  lot. 

BbinHcaTb  see   BbmHCbiBaxb. 

BbinHCWBlaTb  [vip^istvat^] 
imperf -av),  -aeuib,  BbinHJcaxb 
[vfp^isat^]  perf  -my,  -meiiib, 
p  -caji,  imp  -urn  I.  copy  out 
{of  a  book,  etc);  2.  subscribe 
{to  a  periodical);  order  {a 
commodity  by  mail);  3.  dis- 
charge   {from  the     hospital). 

BbinHxb  see  nnxb. 

BbinjiaBJKa  [vlplafks]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  smelting  {of  iron,  etc); 
2.  smelt,  smelted  metal. 

BbinOJIHHXb    see    BbmOAHJiXb. 

BbinojiHtilxb  [vipAln^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -j^euib,  Bbinoji- 
H|Hxb  [vlpaln^'it^]  perf  -lo, 
-HUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  carry 
out,  fulfil,  implement;  carry 
into  effect,  accomplish;  '-HXb 
AOJir  do  one's  duty;  — HXb 
o6eui,aHHe  keep  one's  prom- 
ise; '-HXb  ynpaacHeHHH  do  ex- 
ercises. 


BunpaBHXb  see  BbmpaBJiHXb. 

BbinpaBji|flxb  [vtprAvl^at'j 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  Bbinpa- 
BjHXb  [vlprav^it^]  perf  -jik), 
-Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1.  straight- 
en {a  nail,  etc);  2.  correct  (a 
manuscript,  etc);  —  nxb  nojio- 
jKCHHe  remedy  the  situation. 

Bb'inpsiMHxb      see     BbinpHM- 

JIHXb. 

BbinpflMjiJHxb  [vipr^i^m- 
V'ai^]  imperf  -hk),  -aeuib,  bm- 
npMM|Hxb  [vfpr'sm^it^j  perf 
-jiio,  -Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H 
straighten  {a  piece  of  wire^ 
etc). 

BbinyKJilbiH  [vipukliy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  salient, 
prominent,  bulging;  2.  con- 
vex {glass);  3.  fig  vivid. 

BbinycK  [vlpusk,  -zg]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  issue  {of  money,  etc); 
output;  2.  number,  instal- 
ment {of  a  serial  story,  etc); 
3.  graduates;  co-graduates; 
students  finishing  school;  b 
3X0M  roAy  fioJibuioH  --  the 
number  of  graduates  this 
year  is  large. 

BbinycKJaxb  [vipusk^t^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  BbinycxlHXb 
[vlpus^t^it^]  perf  Bbinymy, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  let 
out  {people,  water,  etc);  let 
go  {of);  2.  set  free,  release; 
3.  graduate,  turn  out;  4.  turn 
out,  produce;  5.  publish,  issue 
{books,  etc);  release  {films); 
6.  issue  {money,  etc);  7.  leave 
out,  omit. 

Bbipa6axbiBlaxb  [vlrAbdti- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbi- 
paSoxjaxb  [virabatat^]  per^ 
-aio,  -aeuib  1.  produce,  manu- 


Bblp 


—  70 


facture,  make;  generate  (pow- 
er); 2.  work  out,  draw  up 
(a  plan,  etc);  3.  form,  culti- 
vate {a  habit,  strong  will,  etc). 

BbipaSoTJKa  [virabatka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  manufacture; 
2.  output;  3.  col  make  (qua- 
lity). 

BbipaJKJaxb  [virAzhat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aemb,  ewpaslHTb 
[vlraz^it^]  perf  Bbipa>Ky, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  express 
(an  idea,  desire,  etc). 

Bbipa^eHHle  [virAzhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  expression. 

BbipaSHieJlbHlblH       [virAz^i- 

t^il^niy]  a  sh  f  BbipasHxeJieH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  expressive  (gesture, 
etc);  significant  (look,  etc). 

BbipasHTb  see  Bbipa}KaTb. 

BbipacTldrb  [virAstat^j  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aemb,  BbipacTJH 
[vtrss^t^i]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p 
Bbipoc,  BbipocJia,  imp  -h 
1.  grow,  grow  up;  2.  col  grow 
(out  of  a  coat,  etc);  3.  in- 
crease (of  wages,  etc);  Bb'mycK 
npo/;yKu,HH  Bb'ipoc  Ha  12°/o 
the  output  increased  12  per 
cent;  4.  grow  (into),  develop 
(into);  5.  arise,  appear, 
spring  up. 

BbipacTHTb  see  Bbip^mHsaib. 

BbipamHB|aTb  (virash^.i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Bbipa- 
cxlHTb  [viras^t^it^]  perf  bh- 
pamy,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
1.  rear,  breed,  raise;  grow, 
cultivate;  2.  fig  train  (per- 
sonnel, etc). 

BbipBarb  I  see  Bbipbrnaxb. 

BbipBaxb  II  see  pBaxb  II. 

BbIpOAHXbC5I  see  BbipOH<AaTb- 

ca. 


BbipoiKfl|axbC5i  [virAzhda- 
tt^a]  imperf  -aexcH,  Bbipo- 
A|Hxbc«  [vtrad^ittsa]  perf -wi- 
CH,  p  -HjicH,  -HJiacb  degener- 
ate. 

BbipoH'iHXb  [viran^it^]  perf 
-K),  -Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  let 
fall,  drop. 

Bbipyraxb  see  pyraxb. 

BbipyraxbCfl  see  pyraxbCH  1. 

BbipyMJaxb  [viruch^at*']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiub,  BbipynJHxb 
[vfruch^it^]  perf  -y,  -Huib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  come  to 
(smb's)  help;  rescue,  save; 
help  (smb  out  of  trouble); 
2.  gain,  make  (money);  clear 
(a  profit). 

BbipbiBJdxb  [vtrivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  BbipBJaxb 
[vlrvat^]  perf  -y,  -emb,  p  -aji, 
imp  -H  1.  tear  out,  snatch 
(out),  pull  out;  -~axb  c  Kop- 
HeM  uproot  (also  fig);  —  axb 
3y6bi  have  one's  teeth  pulled 
out;  2.  fig  col  wring,  wrest 
(consent,  etc,  from  smb). 

Bbica;iHXb   see  BbicajKHBaxb. 

BbicaiKHB|axb  [vtsazhivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  BbicaA|HXb 
[visad^it'']  perf  Bbica>Ky, 
-Hmb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  make 
(smb)  get  off  (a  tram,  etc); 
set  down,  drop  (passengers); 
land  (troops);  disembark,  put 
ashore;  2.  plant,    transplant. 

BbicejiHXb  see  BbicejiHXb. 

Bbicejijaxb  [vis^i^Pat^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -nemb,  BbicejiJHxb 
[vts^iPit^]  perf  -lo,  -nmb,  p 
-HJI,  imp    -H    evict    (tenants). 

BbicKasaxb  see  BbiCKasbmaxb. 

BbicKasaxbCfl    see  BbicKasbi- 

BaXbCH. 


71 


BbiC 


BucKasbiBaHHJe  [viskaziva- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  statement, 
pronouncement. 

BbicKaBbiBJaTh  [vtskazivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  BbicKa|- 
saTb  [vlskazat^J  perf  -my, 
-»eiiib,  p  -3a;i,  imp  ->kh 
tell,  state;  express  {in  words); 
BbicKasaTb  npejinoJiojKeHHe 
suggest  {as  a  supposition). 

EbicKa3biB|aTbCfl  [viskazi- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb  -aemb- 
CH,  BbiCKajsaTbCfl  [viskazattja] 
perf  -}Kycb,  -:H<:embCH,  p  -sajicji, 
-aajiacb,  imp  -jKHCb,  -H<HTecb 
speak  {one's  mind,  opinion, 
etc),  have  one's  say;  —  3a 
[npoTHs]  declare  oneself  in 
favour  [against]. 

Bbicjiaib  see  BbicbiJiaTb. 

BbicjiyiuaTb  see  BbicJiymn- 
Baxb. 

BbicjiyujHBlaTb  [vislushi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  bm- 
cjiym|aTb  [v^slushat^JperZ-aio, 
-aeuib  1.  listen  {to  smb),  hear 
{smb)',  2.  med  sound;  examine. 

BbicMeHB  I  axb  [  V  is^m^ei  vat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  Bbicivie|- 
Jirb  [vis^'m^iyat'^]  perf  -k>, 
-eiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  make 
fun  of,  ridicule;  deride. 

BbicMopKaTbcn  see  cMopKaib- 

CH. 

BbicoKJHH  [vtsok^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  --,  -a,  -o  (-6), 
-H  (-H)  1.  high,  tall;  highland; 

2.  high  {prices,  quality,    etc); 

3.  high,  lofty  {aims,  style, 
etc);  4.  high,  high-pitched 
{voice,  note,  etc). 

BbicoKOMepH|biH  [visakA- 
m^erniy]  a  s/i  /  BbicoKOMepen, 
-a,   -o,  -u  arrogant,  haughty. 


BbicoT|a  [vtsAta]  /  -b'l,  pi 
BbicoTbi,  BbicoT  1  height  {of 
a  mountain,     etc);     altitude; 

2.  hill,  height,  ridge; 

<>  6biTb  /  GKasaxbCJi  na  ~e 
nojioKeHHM  be  equal  /  rise  to 
the  occasion;  6biTb  na  ~e  be 
equal  to  the  occasion;  Ha 
ii6ji«H0H  ^e  up  to  the  mark. 

BbicnaxbCfl  see  BbicbmaxbCH. 

BbicxaBHxb  see  BbicxasJinxb. 

Bbicxas'iKa  [v+stafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  exhibition,  show;  display, 
exposition. 

BbicxaajiJHxb  [vistAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  Bbicxa- 
B|HXb  [vlstav^it^]  perf  -jikd, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  put 
in  front,  put  forward,  ad- 
vance; 2.  fig  col  chuck  out, 
turn  out    {of    the   room,  etc); 

3.  exhibit,  display,  show; 
4.:  ~HXb  Mbfo-Ji.  KaHAHfla- 
xypy  nominate  smb,  propose 
smb's  candidature;  ~flxb 
CBOK)  KaHAH;iaxypy  run  {for 
president,  etc);  5.:  —^xb 
Koro-Ji.  B  xopomeM  [hjioxom] 
CBexe  represent  smb  in  a 
favourable  [unfavourable] 
light;  —HXb  Koro-Ji.  b  CMem- 
HOM  BHAe  expose  smb  to  rid- 
icule; 6.  adduce,,  put  for- 
ward; raise  {objections). 

BbicxHpaxb  see  cxHpaxb. 

BbicxpaHBJaxb  [vistraivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbicxpo|Hib 
[vtstrait^]  perf  -lo,  -rHuib,  p 
-H Ji , imp  -ii\,(no imparl)  build, 
erect; 2.  draw  \i^  {troops,  etc). 

Bbicxpeji  [vtstr^il]  m  -a,  -ob 
shot;  report  {of  a  shot). 

BbicxpoHXb  see  BbicxpaH- 
l saxb. 


fibIC 


72  - 


BbiCTynjaTb  [vtstupat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,    BbiCTyn|HTb 

[vlstup^it**]  perf  -n\o,  -Hiub, 
/)  -HJT,  imp  -H  1.  come  /  step 
forward;  come  /  step  out  {of 
a  line,  rank);  2.  speak  {at  a 
meeting);  perform  {during  a 
concert,  etc);  ~aTb  c  AOKJia- 
AOM  deliver  a  report;  give  a 
lecture;  ~aTb  c  peMbio  make 
a  speech;  ~aTb  Ha  cuene  act, 
play;  appear  on  the  stage; 
~aTb  B  ne^aTH  write  (for  the 
press);  —axb  no  paAHO  broad- 
cast; speak  [perform,  etc] 
over  the  radio;  —aib  no  xe- 
JieBHAGHHio  televise;  speak 
[perform,  etc]  on  TV;  3.  come 
out  {in  favour  of  smth, 
against  smth);  —axb  b  samHTy 
Koro-Ji.  take  smb's  part,  stand 
up  for  smb;  ~aTb  b  aamHxy 
Mero-Ji.  advocate  smth;  come 
out  in  favour  of  smth;  ~aTb 
c  npH3biB0M  appeal,  make  an 
appeal, make  a  plea  {for  smth); 
'— axb  c  npoTecTOM  protest, 
make  a  protest;  4.  stand  out 
{of  sweat);  start  {to  one's 
eyes,  said  of  tears);  5.  {no  perf) 
jut  out,  run  out. 

BbiCTynjieHHJe  [vistupl^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -Pi  1.  speech  {at 
a  meeting);  performance  {on 
the  stage);  -— e  b  neqaxH  ar- 
ticle {in  a  newspaper,  etc); 
2.:  pcBOJiiouHOHHbie  -~h  revo- 
lutionary actions  /  movement. 

BbicyiuHTb  see  cyuiHTb. 

bmciu|hjI  [vfshiiy]  I  superl 
of   bmcokhh;     TOBapbi    ~ero 
Ka^ecTBa    goods    of  superior 
quality; 
II  a  -an,  -ee,  -He  1.  supreme 


{command,  organs  of  govern- 
ment, etc);  2.  higher  {educa- 
tion, etc); 

<>  B  ~eH  creneHH  highly,  ex- 
tremely; ~afl  Mepa  naKasa- 
HHji  capital   punishment. 

BbicbiJijarb  [visilat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbicjiarb 
[visbt^j  perf  Bbimjiio,  Bbim- 
Jieuib,  p  Bb'icjiaji,  imp  BbiujJiH 
1.  send  {a  parcel,  etc);  2.  ban- 
ish,    exile;      deport,     expel. 

Bbicbinarb  see  Bbicbmaxb. 

Bbicbinlaxb  [vtslpat'']  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeujb,  BbiCbin|aTb 
[vfstpat^j  perf  -jiio,  -Jieuib, 
p  -aji,  imp  -H  1.  pour  out 
{sand,  sugar,  flour,  etc);  spill 
{sugar,  etc);  2.  col  pour  out 
{into  the  street,  said  of  people). 

FbicbinjaTbCfl  [vistpattsal 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  bw- 
cnjaTbCJi       [vispattjs]       perf 

-JlK)Cb,         -HUJbCH,        p      -aJlCH, 

-ajiacb,  imp-ncb,  -Hxecb  have 
a  good    sleep;    sleep  enough. 

BbixeKJarb  [vit^i^k^t**!  im- 
perf -aex,  BbiTe|Hb  [vft^'ich'"] 
perf  ^^eT,  -Kyx,  p  -k,  -KJia 
1.  run  out,  flow  out,  leak  out 
{said  of  liquids);  2.  {no  perf) 
have  its  source  {of  a  river); 
3.  {no  perf)  result,  follow 
{as  a  consequence);  co  bccmh 
~aK)mHMH  oxcKDAa  nocJieACX- 
BHHMH  with  all  ensuing  con- 
sequences. 

Bbirepexb  see  BbiXHpaxb. 

BbiTCHb  see  BWxeKaxb  1. 

BbiTHpjaxb  [vif'irat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  Bbirleperb 
[vtt^ir^it^l  perf  -py,  -peuib, 
p  -ep,  -epJia,  imp  -pH  wipe, 
wipe  dry;  '-aib    nujib    dust. 


73  — 


BblH 


BbiTpaBHTb  see  xpaBHTb  1. 

BbiTb  [vtt^]  Itnperf  bok), 
Boeuib,  p  BbiJi,  imp  boh  howl 
(of  a  dog,  etc);  wail  (of  wind, 
etc). 

BbiyH|HTb  [vluch''{t''l  perf 
-y,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1. 
learn  (a  poem,  etc);  —HTb 
HBHsycTb  learn  by  heart; 
2    teach,  train. 

Bbixofl  [vtkhat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.:  npH  ~e  h3,..  when 
going  out  of...,  when  coming 
out  of...;  ~  Ha  pa66Ty  ap- 
pearance at  work;  ~  h3  nip- 
THH  leaving  a  party;  ~  b  ot- 
CTaBKy  resignation  {from  of- 
fice, etc);  —  Ha  nencHK)  retire- 
ment on  a  pension;  ~  h3 
BOHHbi  withdrawal  from  a 
war;  2.  exit,  street  door;  —a 
Hex  no  exit;  3.  fig  way  out; 
4.  appearance  {of  a  book); 
^  Aaxb  ~  give  vent  {to); 
3HaTb  Bce  xoAbi  M  ~bi  know 
all  the  ins  and  outs. 

BbixoAJHTb  [vtkhAd^it^]  im- 
perf  Bbixomy,  BbixoAHiiib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H,  BbiH|TH  [vtyt^i] 
perf  -Ay,  -AeiHb,  p  Bbimeji, 
BbiiuJia,  imp  -AH  1.  go  out 
{of  a  house,  etc);  come  out 
{of  a  house,  etc);  get  out  {of 
a  car,  etc);  2.  leave  {a  trade 
union,  party,  etc);  bbihth  h3 
BOHHbi  drop  out  of  a  war; 
3.:  ~HTb  Ha  pa66Ty  come  to 
work;  ^-HTb  b  Mope  put 
to  sea;  4.  be  published,  ap- 
pear, be  out;  ^htb  b  CBex 
be  out,  be  published;  5.  run 
out,  come  to  an  end;  6.:  hs 
nee  BbiftACT  xopouiHH  ymi- 
xejib  she  will  make  a  good 


teacher;  aaAa^a  ne  Bumjia  the 
sum  has  not  come  out;  h3 
sxoro  HHqero  ne  BbiHAex  noth- 
ing will  come  of  it;  y  nero 
HHMero  He  bwuijio  he  failed; 
7.  be  by  origin;  oh  BbimeJi 
H3  pa66MHX  he  is  a  worker  by 
origin;  8,  {no  perf)  give  on, 
look  on,  overlook  {of  win- 
dows, etc); 

<>  ~HTb  B  OTCxaBKy  resign 
{an  office,  etc);  retire  {from 
business,  etc);  ~iixb  h3  ceSn 
lose  one's  temper;  ~HTb  h3 
xepncHHH  lose  patience;  ~Hxb 
H3  no.io^eHHji  find  a  way  out; 

—  Hxb  H3  SeperoB  overflow  the 
banks;  bbixoahx,  hxo...  it  ap- 
pears that...;  3X0  ne  BbixoRHX 
y  Hero  h3  rojioBbi  he  can't 
get  it  out  of  his  head;  he 
can't  help  thinking  about  it. 

BbixoA|Ka  [vfkhatka]  /  -kh, 

-OK  trick  {of  a  child);  prank. 

BbixoAH|6H  [vikhAdnoy]  I  a: 

—  an  ABepb  street  door;  ~6h 
KOCXK)M  Sunday  suit;  ~6h 
AeHb  day  off,  rest-day; 

II  as  a  noun  bmxoahIoh 
m  -oro,  -bix  day  olf,  rest-day; 
<>  -~6e  noc66He  discharge 
pay. 

BbiHepKHBJaxb  [vich''6rk''i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -ara,  -aeuib,  bw- 
HepKH|yxb  [vfch^'irknut^]  perf 
-y,  -emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  cross 
out,  strike  out;  --axb  h3 
CHHCKa  strike  off  a  list; 
<>  BbiHepKHyxb  H3  naMHXH  ef- 
face from  one's  mind. 

Bbinecxb  see  BbiMHxaxb. 

Bbinex  [vfch^'it,  -d]  m  -a, 
-ob  deduction  {from  smb'$ 
wages,  etc); 


Bbiq 


74  — 


<>  3a  ~0M  minus,  allowing 
(for),  with  the  deduction  {of). 

BblMHCJlHTb     see     BblMHCJIHTb. 
BbIHHCJl|aTb     [Vich''is''l^at^] 

imperf  -hk),  -^emb,  ebmnc- 
ji|HTb  [vich^is^l^it^]  pert  -lo, 
-HUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  calcu- 
late, compute. 

BbiHHTJaTb  [vich^itat*']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  BbiMJecxb 
[vlch^is'^t^]  perf  -ly,  -Teuib, 
p  -cJi,  -.la,  imp  TH  1.  deduct, 
keep  back  {money);  2.  math 
subtract. 

Bbiuje  [vishi^]  I  comp  of 
BbicoKHH  &  corresp  adv; 

II  adv  1.  above  (m  a  text); 
2.:  ~  no  TeqeHHK)  farther  up 
the  stream; 

III  prep  above,  over;  ^to 
—  MOHx  CHJi  it  is  beyond 
my  power;  sto  —  Moero 
noHHMaHHH  it  is  beyond    me. 

Bbiiueji  [vishal],  Bbiiujia 
[vishla]  p    of     BbiHTH;    see 

BblXOAHTb. 

8biiiiHB]aTb  [vishivat^]  im- 
perf -aro,  -aeujb,  Bbiiii|HTb 
[v+shit^]  pcrf  -bio,  -beuib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -eft  embroider, 

BbiiiiHHla  [vishina]  /  -bi 
height  {of  a  pole,  etc);  ~6h 
B  nHTb^ecHT  MexpoB  fifty  me- 
tres high. 

BblLUHTb    see    BblUJHBaXb. 

Bbim|Ka  [vhhka]  /  -kh,  -ck 
tower;  fiyposan  -— Ka  derrick. 

BwiiijiH  [vfshPi]  imp  of 
BbicJiBTb;  see  Rbicbi-naTb. 

BbiujjiK)  [vfshl^uj,  Bbimjieiub 
[vfshPish,  -zh]  Jst  &  2nd 
persons  of  Bbicjiaib;  see  bu- 
CbiJiaib. 

BblflBHTb  see   BblHBJI^Tb. 


BbiJiBji|flTb  [viyi^vPat^]  im- 
perf     -HK),      -Heillb,      BblSIBlHTb 

[vfyav^it^]  perf  -Jiio,  -HUJb,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  1.  reveal,  bring 
to  light;  2.  bring  out,  make 
known. 

BblflCHHTb   see    BblHCHHTb. 

Bbi5icH|flTb  Iviyi'^s^n^at''] 
imperf  -hio,  -neujb,  Bbijic- 
HJHTb  [vfyas^n'^it*']  perf  -lo, 
-HUJb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  find  out; 
clear  up,  elucidate. 

BbeTHaM|eu  [v^'yi^tnam'^itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ues  Viet-Na- 
mese. 

BbexHaMCKJHH  [v^yi'^tnam- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Viet- 
-Namese. 

BbCTCH   [v^yot^a]  see  BHXb- 

CH. 

BbK)  [v^'yu],  Bbeuib  [v^yosh, 
-zh]  see  BHXb. 

Bbsbrja  [v^yuga]  /  -h,  -^ 
snow-storm;   blizzard. 

BbibmlHAcfl  [v^yush'':iys^9] 
a  [pa]  -ancH,  -eecH,  -hcch: 
—  eecH  pacxeHHe  climber  {a 
plant);  ~Hec5i  bojiocu  curly 
hair. 

Bfl}KH   [v^i^zhf]   see  BHsaxb. 

BJDxy  [v^i^zhu],  BR>KeiiJb 
[v^azhash,  -zh]  see  BHsaxb. 

BJi3',axb  [v^i^zat^]  imperf 
BH>Ky,  BH^euib,  p  -aji,  imp 
BHJKH,  clBflsaxb  [s^v^i^zat^j 
perf  1.  bind,  tie  up  {sheaves, 
etc);  2.  knit  {with  needles); 
crochet. 

R«3H|yxb  [v^aznut^]  imperf 
-y,  -emb,  p  -yji  (bhs),  BHSJia, 
imp  -H  stick  (/)  in  the  mud; 
2)  to  one's  teeth). 

BJiJi  [v^al],  B»jia  [v^alaj 
see  BflHyxb. 


—  75  — 


rap 


Bflji|biH  [v^aliy]  ashf^,  -a 
-o,  -bi  1.  withered  (flowers, 
etc);  2.  languid,  sluggish, 
slack,  inert. 

BflHJyTb    [v^anut'']    imperf 


-y,  -eiub,  p  BHJi  (-yji),  bhjib, 
saiBflHyTfa  [zAv^anut^j  per} 
fade,  wither; 

<>  yuiH  -~-yT  col  it  makes  one 
sick  to  hear  {smb  talk). 


ra  [ga]  m  indecl  abbrev  (= 
reKiap)  ha,  hect. 

raBaHjb  [gavan^]  /  -h,  -en 
harbour. 

.^  raAlaib  [gAdat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  noiraAarb  [pagA- 
dat^]  perf  1.  "tell  fortunes, 
tell  smb's  fortune;  2.  {no  perf) 
guess,  surmise; 
0-  ~aTb  Ha  KO(j)efiHofi  ryiu,e 
=  make  wild  guesses. 

raAKJMH  [g^tk'^iy]  a  -a9i, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  ra^OK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  nasty  {disgusting,  very 
unpleasant);  bad,  naughty, 
wicked. 

raflocT|b  [gadas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  -efl  1.  muck  (smth  dis- 
gusting); abominable  stuff; 
2.  vile  act  /  thing,  dirty  trick. 

raAK)Kla  [gAd^uka]  /  -h, 
--  viper  {also  fig). 

raa  [gas,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob  gas 
(/)  an  air  like  substance;  2)  for 
heating,  etc;  3)  used  in  war- 
fare). 

raaeTJa  [gAz^'eta]  /  -m,  ~ 
newspaper;  cTeHHan  —a  wall 
newspaper. 

rasHt^HKauHJH  [gaz^if^ika- 
tsiya]  /  -H  1.  gasification; 
2.  installation  of  gas  pipe- 
lines {in  a  populated  area). 

rasoH    [gAzdnJ    m    -a,    -oa 


lawn;  no  —-y  He  xoAHTb!  keep 
off  the  grass! 

rasonpoBOA  [gazaprAvot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  gas-main.^ 

raHK|a  [gayka]  f'-n,  racK 
(screw-)nut. 

rajiaHTepeHH|biH  [galan^t^i^- 
r^eynty]  a:  —  bift  MarasHH 
haberdasher's  shop;  —bie  to- 
Bapbi  haberdashery   {goods). 

rajiaHTCpe|fl  [galan^'t^'i^- 
r^eya]  /  -h  haberdashery 
{goods). 

rajiepejfl  [gal^i^r^eya]  /  -h, 
-H  gallery. 

rajiJKa  [galka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
(jack)  daw. 

rajioiuH  [gAloshi]  pi  rajioui 
{sing  raji6ui|a  /  -h)  galosties, 
rubbers. 

r£fiCTyK  [galstuk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  (neck)tie. 

raMaK  [gAmak,  -g]  m  -ii,  -6b 
hammock. 

raHCKJHH  [gansk^iy]  a  -aa, 
-oe.  -He   Ghanaian. 

rapaiK  [qArash,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-en  garage. 

rapaHTHploBarb  [garAn^f*!- 
ravat^]  psrf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yii 
guarantee. 

rapAep66  [gard^i^rop,  -bj 
m   -a,    -OB    1.    wardrobe  ([or 


rap 


76 


holding  clothes)',  2.  cloak-room 
(for  coats  and  hats);  CAaxb 
najibTO  B  — •  leave  one's  coat 
in  the  cloak-room;  3.  clothes, 
wardrobe. 

rapMOHHKJa  [gArmon^'ika]  / 
-H,  -^  accordion;    concertina. 

rapMOHHploBaTb  [garmAn^i- 
ravaf*]  Imperf  -yex,  p  -oBaji 
harmonize  (ay/Z/i),  be  in  keep- 
ing {with). 

rapHHsoH  [garn^izon]  m  -a, 
-OB  garrison. 

rapHH^  [gArn^ir]  m  a,  -ob 
garnish,  trimmings. 

rapHHTyp  [garn^itur]  m  -a, 
-ob:  —  Me6ejiH  set  /  suite  of 
furniture;  ~  6ejibH  two-piece/ 
three-piece  underwear. 

rac|.HTb  [gAs^'it'']  imperf 
ramy,  racHUib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  noiracHTb  [pagAS^'it^]  perf 
put  out  (a  fire,  etc);  turn  off 
{the  gas,  tight,  etc). 

racHlyib  [^asnut^]  imperf 
-ex,  p  rac,  racjia,  imp  -h  go 
out  {stop  burning)',  become 
dim  /  dark. 

racTpoHOM  [gastrAnom]  m 
-a,  -OB  gastronom  {a  provi- 
sion store). 

racTpoHOMHHecK;Hfl  [gastra- 
nAm^ich'^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He:  ~HH  MarasHH  =  racxpo- 

HOM. 

rauiy  [gAshu]  see  racHXb. 

rBapAH|ji  [gvard^iya]  /  -h, 
-ft  Guards; 
<>  cxapafl  ~fl  old  guard. 

rB03flHK|a  I  [gvAz'^d'^ika]  / 
*H,   -^  carnation  {a  flower). 

reosAjiKla  11  [gvAz'^d^ika] 
/  -H  clove  {spice), 

r§03A|b  Igvps^'t'',  •z^'d'']  m 


-H,  pi  FBOSAH,  -efi  nail  {for 
fastening)',  tack  (a  small  nail). 

FAC  [gd'^e]  adv  where  {de- 
noting position);  ^  6bi  hh 
wherever. 

rjie-jiH6o  [gd^'el^iba],  rae- 
-HM6yAb  [gd^en^ibut^,  -d^], 
FAe-xo  [gd^'eta]  adv  some- 
where, in  /  at  some  place; 
anywhere  {in  inter  sentences). 

FCKxap  [g^i^ktar]  m  -a,  -ob 
hectare. 

reHCpaji  [g^in^i^ral]  m  -a, 
-OB  general  {a  military  offi- 
cer); —  -Maftop  major-general; 
~-jieHxeHaHx  lieutenant-gen- 
eral; —  -nojiKOBHHK  colonel- 
-general. 

FeHepa;ibHlb!H  [g^m^'i^ral^- 
niy]  a  general  {secretary, 
assembly,  etc);  —  bift  mxa6 
General  Staff;  —an  penexH- 
UHH  dress  rehearsal;  ~oecpa- 
»<eHHe  bnttle  royal. 

rcHepaxop  [g^m^i^ratar]  m 
-a,  -OB  generator;  dynamo; 
-—  K0Jie6aHHH  oscillator. 

reHHajibH|biH  [g^m'^ial^niy] 
a  sh  f  rcHHajieH,  -a,  -6,  -bi 
of  genius;  great,  brilliant. 

fchhIh  [g^en^'iy]  m  -h,  -ea 
genius. 

reoFpa4)Hlji  [g'lAgraf^'iya]  / 
-H  geography. 

reojior  [g^i^olak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  geologist. 

reojioFHlfl*  [g^'iAlog^iya]  / 
-H  geology. 

reoMexpMJJi  [g'*iAm^etr*'iya] 
/  -H  geometry. 

reopFHH  [g^iAtg^'in]  m  -a, 
-OB  dahlia. 

rep6  [g^erp,  -b]  m  -a,  pi 
rbi,  -OB  (coat  of)  arms,  rocy- 


-  77 


rjia 


AapcTBeHHbiH  ~  national  em- 
blem. 

repKyjiec  [g^irkul^es,  -z]  m 
-a  porridge  oats. 

repMaHCK|HH  [g^'i^rman- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  German. 

repMCTMHecK^HH  [g^irm^^i^- 
t''ich'*isk''iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
hermetic;  —an  Ka6HHa  pres- 
surized cabin. 

rep6|ft  [g^i^roy]  m  -h,  -ee 
1.  hero  {a  noble  and  brave 
man);  2.  character,  personage"; 
rjiaBHbiH  ~H  hero  {of  a  nov- 
el, etc). 

rH6eji|b  [g^ib^il^]  /  -h 
death;  ruin  (also  fig);  wreck 
(of  a  ship);  downfall,  fall  {of 
an  empire,  etc). 

rH6K|HH  [g^'ipk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  rH6oK,  -a,  -o, 
-H"  flexible,  supple  {also  fig). 

rvi6H\yTb  [g'^ibnut^]  imperf 
-y,  -euib,  p  -yji  (rH6),  rnbjia, 
imp  -H,  no|rH6HyTb  [pAg^ib- 
nut**]  perf  [cf  norH6aTb]  per- 
ish (i)  die;  2)  be  destroyed); 
be  killed,  lose  one's  life;  be 
lost,  sink  {of  a  ship);  crash 
{of  an  aircraft). 

FHrdHT  [g^igant,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  giant;  saBOA--^  giant 
factory. 

rHrHeH|a  [g^ig^iyena]  /  -u 
hygiene. 

PHfl  [g^it,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
guide  {conducting  tourists, 
etc). 

rHAp.o...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to  water 
hydro...;  rHAposjieKipocTan- 
UHH  [g^'idraePiktrAstantjtya] 
hydroelectric  station. 

FHMH    [g^imn]    m    -a,    -ob 


anthem;  rocyAapcTeeHHbia  ~ 
national  anthem. 

rHMHacTHK|a  [g^imnas'^t^i- 
ka]  /  -H  gymnastics;  xy^o- 
>KecTBeHHaH  ~a  callisthenics. 

THnc  [g'^ips,  -bz]  m  -a  1. 
min  gypsum;  2.  plaster  (of 
Paris);  3.  me^.  plaster  cast. 

rHpji«HA|a  [g^irPanda]  /  -bi, 
~  garland  {of  flowers);  fes- 
toon. 

PHpisi  [g^ir^a]  /  -h,  -b 
weight  {used  in  weighing). 

FHTapla  [guitars]  /  -bi,  -- 
guitar. 

rjiaBJa    I    [glAva]    m   &    f 
-bi,  pi    FJiaBbi,  ~    head    {the 
chief); 
<>  80  ~e  at  the  head  (of). 

rjiaeja  II  [gUva]  /  -bi,  pi 
iJiaBbi,  —  chapter  {of  a  book). 

rjiaBHOKOMaHAyioml  MH[gl3V- 
nakAmanduyush^iiy]  m  -ero, 
-Hx  Commander-in-Chief. 

rjiaBHJbiH  [glavnty]  I  a 
main,  chief;  principal;  --bifl 
Bpaq  head  doctor;  ~oeynpaB- 
jieHHe  central  administration;' 
~biH  noMTaMT  Central  Post- 
-Office; 

11  parenth  r  Ji  a  b  h  o  e  above 
all;  the  main  thing  is...; 
<>  ~biM  66pa30M  mainly, 
chiefly. 

r;iar6ji  [gUgol]  m  -a,  -ob 
verb. 

rjiifllHTb  [gUd^it^]  imperf 
rjiaHcy,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h, 
BbirjiaAJHTb  [vlglad^it*"]  perf 
Bbir;ia>Ky,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  nolrjiaAHTb  [pAglad^it^] 
perf  1.'  iron,  press;  smooth 
(down)  {a  drpss,  etc);  2.  (no- 
rjiaAHTfa)  stroke,  caress; 


rjia 


78 


-0~HTb  npoTHB  luepcTH  stroke 
the  wrong  way  /  against  the 
grain. 

rjiaAK|HH  [glatk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  rjiaAOK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  smooth;  2.  plain  {with- 
out ornament). 

rjias  [glas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
--  eye    {the   organ  of  sight); 

<>      (CKHSaTb      HT0-.1.)      B      ~a 

(say  smth)  to  {smb's)  face; 
3a  ^a  behind  smb's  back; 
Ha  --ax  y  kofo-ji.  /  Ha  HbHX-ji. 
^ax  before  smb's  eyes;  xoxb 
--  BbiKOJiH  =  it  is  pitch-dark; 
c  ~y  Ha  rjids  tete-a-tete; 
HeBoopyjKeHHbiM  ~om  with 
the  naked  eye. 

rjia3yHb|si  [gUzun^ya]  /  -h 
fried  eggs. 

rjiacHocTlb  [glasnas^t^, 

-z^d']  /  -H  publicity  {being 
public);  npeASTb  ~h  give 
publicity     to,    make    public. 

rjiacHbiH  [glasniy]  a  ling 
vowel. 

rjiHHJa  [gPina]  /  -bi  clay 
{an  earthy  material). 

rJioTlarb  [gUtat^]  imperf 
-ivy,  -aeiiib  1.  swallow;  gulp 
down,  bolt;  2.  fig  devour, 
swallow  up; 

<►  —  dib  cjiesbi  choke  down 
one's  tears  /  sobs. 

rjioxlKa  [gl6tk8]  /  -kh,  -ok 
1.  anat  gullet;  2.  col  throat; 
<^  BO  BCK)  --Ky  col  at  the 
top  of  one's  voice. 

rjioxloK  (glAtok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  gulp;  sip;  AafiTe  eMV 
—OK  BO^bi  give  him  a  drink 
of  water. 

r^oxHlyxb  [glokhnut^]  im- 
perf -y,  -eiijb,  p  rjiox,  rjioxjia, 


imp  -H,  oifjioxHyxb  [Aglokh- 
nut*']  perf  become  deaf. 

FjiySiKe  [glubzht^]  comp  of 
FJiydoKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

FjiySHHJa  [glub^ina]  f  -bi, 
pi  rjiy6HHH,  FJiy6HH  1.  depth 
{also  fig);  2.:  e  '-e  Jieca 
[cxpaHbi]  in  the  heart  of  the 
forest  [country]; 
<>  B  —  e  AyuiH  at  heart;  ao 
-~bi  AyuiH  to  the  bottom  of 
one's  heart. 

FJiySoKlHH  [glubok^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  ~,  -a, 
-6  (-0),  -h(-h)  1.  deep  {river, 
snow,  etc);  -^-aH  xapejina 
soup-plate;  2.  fig  deep,  pro- 
found; 3.:  ~0H  HO'ibK)  in  the 
dead  of  night;  -^oii  oceHbK) 
in  the  late  autumn; 
<>  ~HH  cxapHK  very  old  man; 
—  aji  cxapocxb  extreme  old 
age;  venerable  age. 

Fjiynocxlb  [glupss^t^',  -z^d^] 
/  -H, -efi  1.  stupidity,  foolish- 
ness; 2.  col  foolish  thing, 
foolishness;  nonsense,  rub- 
bish; Sojixaxb  —H  talk  non- 
sense; ~h!  nonsense! 

FJiynlbiH  [glupiy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  foolish,  stupid, 
silly. 

FjiyxjOH  [glukhoy]  I  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  rjiyxo, 
rjiyxH  1.  deaf  {also  fig);  2. 
toneless  {voice,  etc);  3.  re- 
mote, out-of-the-way;  godfor- 
saken; lonely,  solitary  {place, 
etc);  4.  wild,  dense  {forest); 
5.  blind  {window);  blank 
{wall); 

II  as  a  noun  r  ji  y  x  |  6  fi  m 
-oro,  -hx,  r  ji  y  X  I  a  h  /  -ofl, 
-HX     deaf  person; 


79 


rny 


^0^  —  ofi  corjiacHbiH  ling  voice- 
less consonant. 

rjiyxoHeMOH  [glukhan^i^- 
moy]  I  a  deaf-and-dumb; 
1 1  as  a  noun  rjiyxoHeMJoH 
m  -oro,  -b'lx,  r  Ji  y  X  o  H  e- 
M  I  a  H  /  -OH,  -bix  deaf-and- 
-dumb  person,  deaf  mute. 

rjiyui|MTb  [glushit^]  imperf 
-y,  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
1.  muffle,  deaden  (sounds); 
drown  (sounds);  2.  stun  (of  or 
with  a  blow);  3.  fig  choke, 
suppress,  stifle  (protests,  etcy, 
4.  jam  (broadcasts);  throttle 
down  (an  engine). 

rjiyuijb  [glush,  -zh]  /  -h, 
instr  -bK)  i.  backwoods;  2. 
out-of-the-way  corner. 

rjibiSja  [gl+ba]  /  -bi,  ~  block 
(of  ice,  etc);  KaMeHHan  ~a 
boulder. 

rjiflA|eTb  [gl^i^'d^et^]  imperf 
rjiHH<y,  -Huib,  p  -eji,  imp  -h, 
noirjiflJiexb  [pagl^i^d^et'']  perf 
1.  look  (at),  stare  (at);  2.  col: 
rjiHAexb  3a  kcm-ji.  look  after 
smb;  rjiH^eTb  sa  neM-ji.  see 
to  smth; 

<>  (hath)  KyAa  rjiasa  —at 
(walk)  without  choosing  one's 
way,  (walk)  aimlessly;  xoro 
H  --ii  col  at  any  moment;  it 
looks  as  if. 

rnaxb  [gnat^]  imperf  fohk), 
roHHUib,  p  iHaji,  FHajia,  imp 
roHH  a  concrete  action,  move- 
ment in  a  definite  direction 
— 1  {cf  roHHTb  1]  1.  drive 
(urge  along);  drive  out,  turn 
out  (send  away);  2.  hurry  on, 
urge  on;  ~  jiouiajib  ride  a 
horse  hard;  3.  pursue,  chase 
(an  animal). 


rHa|TbCJi  [gnatts9]  imperf 
roHK)Cb,    roHHUibCH,    p   -jica, 

-JiaCb,      -JlOCb      (-JlOCb),     -JIHCb 

(-jiHCb),  imp  roHHCb,  roHHTeck 
a  concrete  action,  movement 
in  a  definite  direction  [cf  ro- 
HHTbCH]  1.  pursue,  run  (a//er); 
2.  fig  col  seek  (wealth,  fame^ 
etc). 

THeB  [gn^'ef,  -v]  m  -a  anger, 
rage,  wrath. 

rnesAlo  [gn^i^zdo]  n  -a,  pi 
FHes^a,  rnesjx  1.  nest  (1)  for 
laying  eggs;  2)  a  place  that 
swarms);  2.  technol  socket. 

rnex  [gn^ot, -d]  m -a  1.  op- 
pression, yoke;  2.  fig  weight, 
burden  (of  sorrow,   etc). 

rHexymJHH  [gn^i*^tush'':iy] 
a  [pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He  oppres- 
sive (overburdensome);  -^an 
TOCKa  anguish, 

rnemb     [gn^osh,     -zh]    see 

FHyXb. 

FHH  [gn*'i]  see  rnyib. 

FHHJiiOH  [gn^iloy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a.  -0,  -bi  1.  rotten,  de- 
cayed; putrid;  2.  wet,  muggy 
(weather);  3.  fig  rotten,  cor- 
rupt. 

rHHjXb  [gn^it^]  imperf  -ib, 
-emb,  p  -JI,  -jia,  -jio,  -jih, 
c'lFHHxb  [zgn'^it^]  perf  rot, 
decay  (also  fig);  putrefy. 

fhoIh  [gnoy]  m  -h  pus. 

rHycHfbiH  [gnusniy]  a  sh  f 
FHycen,  -a,  -o,  -w,  infamous, 
foul,  vile. 

FHyxb  [gnut'']  imperf  rny, 
FHeuib,  p  FHyji,  imp  phh, 
cornlyxb  [sAgnut^]  perf  -y, 
-emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  bend, 
bow;  2.  (no  perf)  fig  col  drive 
(at),  aim  (at); 


ro6 


-  80 


-0-    ~   cnHHv    nepCA    kcm-ji. 

kowtow  to  smb;  '-'  cbok)  jih- 
HKK)  col  have  it  one's  own 
way. 

ro66|H    [gAboy]    m   -h,  -es 
oboe,  hautboy. 

roBOplHTb  [gavAr^it'*]  im- 
perf  -K),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  /mp  -h, 
nojroBOpHTb  [pragavAr^it^j 
perf,  cKaajaTb  [skAz^t'']  perf 
CKajKy,  CKasceiub,  p  -aji,  imp 
CKajKH  1.  {no  perf)  speak, 
talk  {say  words);  ~HTb  no- 
-pyccKH  speak  Russian;  ~ht 
MdcKBa  this  is  Moscow  call- 
ing; 2.  (cKaaaTb)  say,  tell; 
OH  — 'HT,  MTO...  he  says  that; 
—  HTb  npasAy  tell  the  truth; 
~HTb  HenpasAy  tell  lies,  tell 
a  lie;  3.  (noroBopHib)  speak, 
talk  {to,  with  smb);  4.  {no 
P^^f)  f^S  indicate,  mean, 
betoken;  ~HTb  b  nojibsy 
Koro-Ji.  [qero-Ji.]  do  smb 
[smth]  credit;  3to  mhc  HHqero 
He  '-HT  this  doesn't  mean 
anything  to  me; 
-0-  -^-HT,  HTO...  they  say 
that...;  HHane  — «  in  other 
words;  ne  ~fl  y^KC  o...  not 
ito  mention...,  to  say  nothing 
of...;  coScTseHHo  ~«  as  a 
matter  of  fact;  HeHero  (h) 
-^ATbit  goes  without  saying; 
HTO  H  —  MTb  col  there's  no 
denying  it;  KaK  cKasarb  it 
depends;  KaK  saw  cKasarb 
who  knows;  it's  difficult  to 
say;  raK  cKasarb  so  to  say; 
TpyAHo  CKasarb  there  is  no 
telling;  cKasaHo  —  cAejiano 
col  no  sooner  said  than  done; 
HCHero  CKasarb!  well,  to  be 
sure) 


roBfljiHHla    [gAV**ad'in9]    / 

-M  beef. 

rofl  [got,  -d]  m  -a,  pi  -u 
(-a),  -OB  year;  b  stom  —  y 
this  year;  b  dy^ymeM  — y 
next  year;  b  np6m.fioM  — 'y  last 
year;  eMy  rpw  -~a  he  is  three 
years  old;  (rpH  paaa)  b  ^ 
(three  times)  a  year;  Asa  ~a 
TOMy  HaaaA  two  years  ago; 
qepes  ABa  ^a  in  two  years; 
copoKOBbie  ~bi  the  forties; 
BHcoKocHbifl  -—  leap-year;  xe- 
KyinHH  —  this  year,  current 
year;  ypojKaHHbiii  ~  bumper 
crop  year; 

<>  c  HoBbiM  ~om!  a  happy 
New  Year!;  scrpena  HoBoro 
~a  New- Year's  party;  Kpyr- 
jiwfl  ~  all  the  year  round; 
H3  ~a  B  ~  year  in,  year 
out;  B  MOM  ~u  at  my  age; 
B  ^Ax  elderly;  He  no  ~aM 
beyond  one's  years;  Sea  ro- 
Ay  HeACjisi  col  =for  a  short 
time. 

roAiHTbCfl  [gAd^ittsa]  im- 
perf  ro^ycb,  -HiubCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  Hxecb  be 
fit  {for),  fit,  be  suitable, 
suit;    do; 

<>  arc  (HHKyAa)  ne  ~Hrcfl 
that  won't  do;  raK  nocry- 
narb/  ACJiarb  He  ~Hrcfl  one 
mustn't  do  such  things,  one 
mustn't  behave  this  way. 

roAHHHUH    [gAd^'ich^'niy]  a 

1.  a  year's,  of  a  year;  for  a 
year;B  ~  cpoK  within  a  year; 

2.  annual,  yearly. 
roAH'ibiH    [godniy]    a   sh  f 

roAen,  a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  fit  {for), 
suitable  (/o/-);  good  {for),  val- 
id {for). 


^  81  - 


rofl 


roflOBOH  [gadAvoy]  a  annu- 
al, yearly. 

roAOBiu,MH|a  [gadAfsh^iina] 
/  -bi,  ~  anniversary. 

roMcycb   [gAzhus^,    -z^]    see 

rO^HTbCH. 

roji  [gol]  m  -a,  pi  -u,  -6b 
goal  {score);  3a6HTb  —  score 
a  goal. 

rojiJiaHA|eu  [gAlan^d^its, 
-dz]  m  -ua,    -uee   Dutchman. 

rojijiaHACKlHH  [gAlansk^iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  Dutch. 

rojiOBla  [galAva]  /  -bi,  ace 
rojiosy,  pi  rojiOBbi,  rojioB, 
-aM  head  {1}  of  the  body; 
2)  the  foremost  part;  3)  the 
brain;  4)  an  individual  ani- 
mal); 

O   BblKHHyXb    H3    '-bl    col    put 

out  of  one's  head;  BCKpyxHTb 
rojiOBy  KOMy-Ji.  turn  smb's 
head;  b  n^pByio  r6.iOBy  first 
of  all;  GHepT^  rojioBy  rashly, 
headlong;  cjiom^  rojiOBy  like 
mad,  at  breakneck  speed;  he 
CBOM)  rojioBy  to  one's  own  det- 
riment/disadvantage; ^6h 
pynaxbcfl  aa  Kor6-Ji.  answer 
for  smb  with  one's  life; 
OKyHyrbCJi  /  yfixH  c  ~6ft  b... 
be  utterly  absorbed  in... 

rojioBOKpymeHHle  [galava- 
kruzhen^iya]  n  -si,  -u  giddi- 
ness. 

ro^iofl  [gobt,  -d]  m  -a  1. 
hunger,  starvation;  2.  famine. 

rojioA|aTb  [galAdat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub  1.  starve,  suffer 
hunger;  go  without  food;  2. 
be  on  hunger-strike. 

roji6AH|biH  [gAlodniy]  a  sh 
f  rojioAeH,  -a,  fojioaho,  ro- 
jiOAHu    (-bi)    1.    hungry;    2.: 


~biH  roA  year  of  famine; 
~bifl  naeK  starvation  rations. 

rojiojieAHma  [gaUPed^itja] 
/  -bi  glazed  frost;  ice-covered 
ground. 

rojioc  [gobs,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-A,  -OB  1.  voice  (/)  a  sound; 

2)  of    a    particular    person; 

3)  opinion);  rp6MKHM  ~om  in 
a  loud  voice;  bo  Becb.—  at 
the  top  of  one's  voice;  2. 
vote  (1)  a  formal  expression 
of  a  wish  or  choice;  2)  the 
right  to  give  such  an  expres- 
sion); peuiaiomHH  --  casting 
vote;  noAaTb  /  OTAaxb  -'  aa... 
give  one's  vote  for...;  npaBO 
peiuaKDmero  [conemaxejibHoro] 
~a  voting  [speaking]  right; 
<>  B  OAMH  —  with  one  voice, 
unanimously;  roBopHXb  /  nexb 
c  HyjKoro  ~a  repeat  slav- 
ishly. 

rojiocoBaHH|e  [galasAva- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  voting,  vote; 
x^flHoe  ~e  secret  ballot; 
nocxaBHXb  na  '-e  put  to  the 
vote;  npoBecxH  -~e  hold  /  take 
a  vote;  Ka6HHa  ajih  ~5i  poll- 
ing-booth. 

rojiocloBdxb  [galasAvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -ob^ji, 
imp  -yfi  vote  (for). 

rojiySoH  [galuboy]  a  light 
blue,  sky-blue. 

rojiy6i;|bi  Jgaluptst]  pi  -6b 
{sing  rojiy6\en  m  -ua)  golub- 
tsy  {stuffed  cabbage-rolls). 

r6jiy6|b  [g61up'',  -b^J  m  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft  pigeon,  dove. 

r6ji|biH  [g61iy]  a  sh  f  '^^ 
-a,  -o,  -bi  naked;  bare. 

roHCHHle  [gAn^'en^iya]  n  -h, 
-H     persecution;     victimiza- 


roH 


-82- 


tion;  noABepraxb  ~k)  perse- 
cute; victimize. 

roHH  [gAil^i]  seernaib. 

roHHCb  [gAH^i's^,  -z^],  ro- 
HHxecb  [gAn^it^is^,  -z^]  see 
rnaTbCH. 

roHJKa  [gonka]  /  -kh,  pi 
-KH,  -OK  1.  hurry,  haste;  2. 
pi  sport  race  {of  vehicles  or 
boats)',  rpe6Hbie  ~kh  boat- 
-race(s);  n^pycHbie  ~kh  re- 
gatta; 

"^  —Ka  BOopyHceHHH  arms 
r^ce . 

roHopap  [gariArar]  m  -a, 
-OB  fee;  royalties;  author's 
emoluments. 

roHK)  [gAn^u],  roHHuib 
[gon^ish,  -zh]  see  rnaxb. 

roHibcb  [gAn^us^,  -z^],  ro- 
HHuibcn       [gon^ishs^a]       see 

FHaXbCH. 

roHlflTb  [gAn^at^]  imperf 
-Hio,  -neujb  [cf  THaib  1]  1. 
drive  {from  one  place  to  an- 
other, urge  along);  2.  col  send 
on  errands  {repeatedly),  make 
run  {for  smth). 

rOH|«Tbcsi  [gAn^attjs]  im- 
perf -HK)Cb,  -HerubCH  [r/rnaxb- 
ch]  1.  pursue,  run  {after)-,  2. 
fig  col  seek  {wealth,  fame, 
etc). 

rop|d  [gAr^j  /  -bi,  ace  ropy, 
pi  ropbi,  — ,  -aM  1.  mountain; 
hill,  HflXH  noA  ropy  go  down- 
hill; HATH  B  ropy  go  uphill 
[also  see  <>];  KaxIxbCH  c  ^u 
slide  downhill;  2.  col  heap, 
pile; 

•<>  HAxil  B  r6|iy  do  well,  pros- 
per; rise  up  in  the  world;  He 
3a  '-aMH  at  hand;  nnp  ~6h 
great  /  sumptuous  feast;  cxo- 


«xb  ~6h  3a...  defend  with 
might  and  main;  stand  firm 
by  {smb)\  —  a  c  njien  col  a  load 
off  smb's  mind. 

ropasAo  [gArazda]  adv 
much,  far  {with  comp). 

rop6dx|biH  [gArbatiy]  a  sh 
f  '-,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  hunch- 
backed, humpbacked;  2.:  -~biH 
HOC  acquiline  nose; 
<>  --oro  MorHJia  HcnpdeHx 
prov  =  can  the  leopard 
change  his  spots? 

r6p6lHXbc«  [gorb^ittsa]  im- 
perf  -JlKDCb,  ^HUIbCH,    p  -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb, 
C:'r6p6HXbC5i  [zgorb^ittsa]  perf 
stoop  {bend  the  body,  etc); 
perf  also  become  bent. 

ropAJiixbCJi  [gArd^itt^sa]  im- 
perf rOpJKyCb,  -HHIbCH,  p  -HJI- 
CH, -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
be  proud  {of);  pride  oneself 
{on). 

ropAocxlb  [gordas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H  pride  {in  smth;  the  ob- 
ject of). 

ropAJwH  [gordiy]  a  sh  f  ~, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  proud. 

rople  [gor^a]  n  -n  grief; 
misfortune; 

<>  eMy  H  ^51  Majio  col  he 
doesn't  care  a  fig;  y6HxbiH 
^CM  broken-hearted;  --e  mhc 
c  to66h  col  what  trouble 
you  give  me! 

ropjeBaxb  [gar^i^vat^]  im- 
perf -WK),  -loeuib,  p  -eBAji, 
imp  -K)H  grieve  {for);  mourn 
{over). 

ropjexb  [gAr^et^]  imperf  -lo, 
-Huib,  p  -eji,  imp  -H  1.  burn. 
{also  fig);  2.  shine  {of  the 
face,    etc);    sparkle   {of  eyes). 


—  83  — 


rop 


ropeHJb  [gor^ich^,  -j^]  /  -h 
1.  bitter  taste;  2.  bitter  stuff, 
bitter  thing;  3.  fig  bitterness. 

ropHSOHT  [g9r^iz6nt,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  horizon  {also  fig); 
skyline. 

ropH30HTajibH  1  bifi  [  gar^izAn- 
tal^niy]  a  sh  f  ropHSOHTa- 
jieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  horizontal. 

ropHcxlbiH  [gAr^istly]  a  sh 
f  ^y  -a,  -o,  -bi  mountainous, 
hilly. 

ropjijo  [gorla]  /i  -a,  ~ 
throat;  AwxaxejibHoe  ~0  anat 
windpipe;  y  MeHH  b  —e  ne- 
pecoxjio  my  throat  is  dry; 
•0  KOMOK  /  KJiyGoK  B  — -e  lump 
in  the  throat;  no  —o  col 
more  than  enough;  6biTb  cbi- 
TbiM  no  ~o  HCM-Ji.  col  be 
sick  and  tired  of  smth;  npH- 
craTb  c  ho}k6m  k  ~y  k  ko- 
My-Ji.  col  worry  the  life  out 
of  smb  {demanding  smth). 

r6pjibiiii|Ko  [g6rHshk9]  n 
-Ka,  -eK  neck  {of  a  bottle); 
mouth  {of  any  vessel). 

ropH  I  [gorn]  m  -a,  -ob 
technol  furnace,  hearth. 

ropH  II  [gorn]  m  -a,  -ob 
bugle  {a  small  trumpet). 

ropnlbiH  [gornty]  a  \.:  ~-aH 
uenb  chain  /  ridge  of  moun- 
tains; ~-oe  ymejibe  mountain 
gorge;  2.  mining  {industry, 
engineer,  etc);  —oe  AeJio min- 
ing. 

ropHflK  [gArn^ak,  -gj  m  -§l, 
-OB  miner;  mining  engi- 
neer. 

ropoA  [gorat,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  town,  city;  Bbiexaib  / 
noexaib  aa  ropo^  go  to  the 
country,    go    out    of    town; 


^HTb  3a  ropoAOM  live  out  of 
town,  live  in  the  country. 

ropOACKloH  [garAtjkoy]  a 
-an,  -6e,  -He  urban,  town 
{attr),  city  {attr);  municipal; 
—He  mmejin  townsfolk. 

ropox  [gArokh,  -gh]  m  -a 
peas. 

ropcoBeT  [garsAv^^t,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  (=  ropoACKOH  coeeT) 
Town  /  City  Soviet;  Town  / 
City  Council. 

ropcT|b  [gors^t^,  -z^d'']  / 
-H,  pi  -H,    -efl    handful    {also 

ropHHula  [gArch^itja]  /  -u 
mustard, 

ropHMHHHK  [gArch^ishn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  mustard  plaster; 
cxaBHTb  —  apply  a  mustard 
plaster. 

ropuiloK  fgArshok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -kcb  (earthenware)    pot. 

ropbKJHH  [gor^k^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  ropeK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  bitter  {of  taste);  2.  fig 
bitter,  unpalatable;  3.  fig 
miserable  {lot,  etc); 
<>  ~HH  nbflHHua  inveterate  / 
confirmed  drunkard. 

ropiOHlee  fgAr^uch^iya]  n 
-ero  fuel;  petrol,  gas. 

ropqHJHH  [gAr^ach^iy]  a 
-an,  -ee,  -ne,  sh  f  -^ ,  -a, 
-6,  -H  1.  hot  {having  a  high 
temperature,  very  warm);  2. 
fig  hot,  ardent,  fervent;  hot- 
-tempered,  fiery;  heated  {ar- 
gument, etc);  very  warm, 
hearty  {welcome,  etc);  3.  fig 
busy  {time); 

<>  no  —  HM  cjiCAaM  hot  on 
the  heels  {of);  close  in  the 
tracks  (of),  without  delay. 


rop 


-  84  - 


ropjmlMTbcn  |g9r''i^ch^itts9] 
imperf  -ycb,  -HuibCH,  p  -p'ijich, 
-HJiar.b,  imp  -I'lCb,  -Hiecb, 
paslropJiHHTbCJi  [razgar^i^- 
ch^ittss]  perf  get  excited;  get 
angryT 

roc6aHK  [gozbank,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  (=  rocyAapcTBeHHbiH 
6aHK)  State  Bank. 

rocHHTajilb  [gosp^ital^jm  -h, 
pi  ,-H,  -efl  (military)  hospital. 

rocno;i!HH  [gaspAd^in]  m 
-HHa,/7^ -a,  rocno;!,  -aM  1.  gen- 
tleman; 2.  Mr;  sir;  ;iaMbi  h 
~a!  ladies  and  gentlemen!; 
3.  master  {one  who  controls); 
caM  ce6e  --hh  one's  own 
master-^ 

^O'  ~HH  cBoero  cjioea  man  of 
one's  word. 

rocnoACTBlo  [gAspotstva]  n 
-a  1.  supremacy;  rule,  domi- 
nation {over)\  2.  prevalence, 
predominance. 

rocn6ACTB!oBaTb  [gAspotst- 
yv9t*']  imperf  -y\o,  -yeiub,  p 
-osaji,  imp  -yft  1.  rule  {over); 
2.  prevail,  predominate;  3. 
command ,  dominate  {of  a  hill, 
etc). 

rocnoAb    [gAspot**,    -d'']    m 
rocnoAa  the  Lord,  God; 
<>   ~  c  to66h!    1)  God   bless 
you!;  2)  nothing  of  the  kind! 

rocno)K|a  [gaspAzha]  /  -h, 
-eft  1.  lady;  2.  Mrs;  Madam; 
Miss. 

rocTenpHMMHtbiH  [gas^t^i- 
pr^iimniy]  a  sh  f  rocxenpn- 
HMCH,  -a,  -o,    -bi    hospitable. 

rocTenpHHMCTB|o  [gas^t^i- 
pr'^iimstva]  n  -a  hospitality; 
OKasbiBaTb  ~o  give  /  show 
hospitality. 


rocTHH|aji  [gAS^t^inaya]  / 
-oii,   -bix  drawing-room. 

rocTMHHU,|a    [gAs^t'^in'^itsa] 
/  -bi,   ~    hotel;   inn;  ociaHo-      ^ 
BHTbCH  B  ~e  put  up  /  stay  at     j 
a  hotel.  ' 

rocT|HTb  [gAs^'t^it'']  imperf 
romy,  -Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -h 
stay  {with  smb);  be  on  a  vis- 
it {to  smb,  some  place). 

rocT|b  [gos^'t'',  -z*'d*']  m  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft  guest,  visitor; 
6biTb  B  ~HX  y...  be  on  a 
viiit  to...;  HATH  B  ~H  go  on 
a  visit,  go  visiting;  pay  a 
visit;  npHXOAHxe  (k  HaM)  b 
~h!  come  to  see  us! 

rocyAapCTBeHH|biH  [gasu- 
darstv^'mniy]  a  state;  nation- 
al {anthem,  etc);  -^bift  ag- 
HTeJib  statesman;  ~bift  cxpoft 
regime,  state  system;  ~bift 
5i3biK  official  language;  —bift 
nepeeopoT  coup  d'etat;  ~aH 
HSMena  high  treason;  acao 
~0H  BaH<H0CTH  a  matter  of 
national  importance. 

rocyAapCTB|o  [gasudarstva] 
n  -a  ~  State;  country,  na- 
tion. 

roTOBlHTb  [gAtov^it^]  im- 
perf -JiK),  -HUJb,  p  -HA,  imp 
-b  1.  prepare,  make  ready; 
train  {teach);  2.  cook  {food); 
make,  fix  {dinner,  etc); 
3.  have  {smth)  in  store  {for 
smb). 

roTOBlHTbcsi  [gAtov'^iitja] 
imperf  -Jiiocb,  -HuibCH,  p -hji- 
CH,  -HAacb,  imp  -bCH.  -biecb 
get  ready  (for),  prepare 
{for). 

roTOBlbiH  [gAtovty]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  ready,    pre- 


85  — 


rpa 


pared;  tu  — ?  are  you  ready?; 
OH  -~-  Ha  Bce  he  is  ready  / 
willing  to  do  anyttiing;  2. 
finished  {articles,  etc);  ~oe 
nJiaTbe  ready-made  clothes; 
MocT  ~  the  bridge  is  finished; 
<>  Ha  BceM  —CM  with  board 
and  lodging. 

romy  [gAsh^:ul  seerocxHib. 

rpSL6\'em  [grAb*'6sh,  -zh]  m 
-e>Ka,  -e>KeH  robbery  {also  fig 
col);  plunder(ing). 

rpa6|HTb  [grab^it^]  imperf 
-jiK),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b, 
oirpaSHTb  [Agrab^'it^]  perf 
rob;  sack  (a  town,  etc); 
imperf  also  plunder,  loot. 

rpa6|jiH  [grabl^i]  pi  -ejib 
(-Jiefl),  -JiHM  rake  (a  tool). 

rpdBH|fl  [grav^iy]  m  -« 
gravel. 

rpaBibp|a  [grAV^ura]  /  -bi, 
^  engraving,  print;  etching 
{an  impression). 

rpaA  [grAt,  -d]  m  -a  hail 
{frozen  rain). 

rpaflyc  [gradus,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  degree  {a  unit  of  meas- 
urement); CKOJlbKO  ceroAHfl 
--0B?  what's  the  temperature 
today?;  A^cHib  -— ob  lenjia 
[xojiojia]  ten  degrees  above 
[below]  zero. 

rpaAycHHK  [gradus^'n^'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  thermometer. 

rpaKAaHHH  [grazhdAn^in] 
m  -a,  pi  rpa>KAaHe,  rpaynjxaH, 
rpaiKAdHlKa  [grAzhdanka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  citizen  {a  member 
of  a  state);  ~!  hello!,  I  sayl 

rpa>RAaHCK|HH  [grAzhdan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  civil, 
civic;  civilian;  ~aH  naRHXH^a 
civil  funeral  ceremony. 


rpa3KAaHCTB|o  [grAzhdanst- 
V9]  n  -a  citizenship,  nation- 
ality; noJiy^HTb  npasa  ~-a 
be  admitted  to  the  citizen- 
ship [also  see  <>]; 
<^  nojiyHHTb  npaea  —a  re- 
ceive   universal    recognition. 

rpaM3dnHc|b  [grAmzap^'is^, 
-z^]  /  -H,  -efi  (gramophone) 
recording;  MysbiKa  b  --h  re- 
corded music. 

rpaMM  [gram]  m  -a,  -ob 
gram(me). 

rpdMOT|a  [gramata]  /  -h, 
■^  1.  reading  and  writing; 
yqHTbCH  —e  learn  to  read 
and  write;  2.:  BepHTCJibHue 
--bi  credentials;  noxBa^bHafl 
^a  (school)  certificate  of 
encouragement;  noHeTHan  ~a 
diploma  (of  honour); 
<>  ({)HJibKHHa  —a  col  ^  use- 
less scrap  of  paper. 

rpaMOTH|bifl  [gramatnty]  a 
sh  f  FpaMOTen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
literate;  educated;  2.  compe- 
tent, skilful. 

rpaHarja  [grAnata]  /  -m,  ^ 
grenade. 

rpaHAHOsHlbift  [gr^n^d^'idz- 
niy]  a  sh  f  rpaHAHoaen,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  grandiose,  grand; 
immense,  vast. 

rpaHHT  [grAn^it,  -d]  m  -a 
granite. 

rpaHMula  [grAn^'itsa]  /  -u, 
~  1.  border;  frontier;  bound- 
ary; noexaxb  aa  --y  go 
abroad;  sa  —efl  abroad  {in 
another  country);  H3-3a  ~bi 
from  abroad;  2.  fig  limit; 
nepeuTH  Bce  ~bi  overstep  the 
limits;  3TO  nepexoAHTBce  ^U 
it's  the  limit. 


rpa 


86 


rpaHMHlHTb  [grAn^'ich^it^] 
imperf  -ht   border  {on)    {also 

fig)- 

rpaH|b  [gran^]  /  -h,  -efl  1. 
facet,  side;  2.  fig  border, 
verge,  brink;  npoBOAHTb  -^-b 
Me>KAy...  draw  a  distinction 
between... 

rpa(l)la  [grAfa]  /  -bi,  pi  -bi, 
— ,  -aM  column   {in  printing). 

rpa(|)HK  [graf^'ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  graph,  diagram;  time- 
-table,  schedule;  tomho  no 
~y  according  to  schedule. 

rpa(})HKla  [graf^ika]  /  -h 
black-and-white  art. 

rpa(})HH  [grAf^in]  m  -a,  -ob 
decanter;  carafe. 

rpau,H63H|biH  [gratsioznty] 
a  sh  f  rpauHoaeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
graceful. 

rpan  [grach^,  -j^]  m  -a, 
-eii  rook  {a  bird). 

rpeSeHJKa  [gr^i^b'^onka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  comb  {for  the  hair); 
«0*  CTpHHb  Bcex  noji  OflHy 
'-^  Ky^  (try  to)  make  everyone 
fit  into  the  same  pattern. 

rpeSjeHb  [gr^eb^m^]  m  -hh, 
-HCH  1.  comb  {for  tfie  hair); 
2.  comb  {of  a  cock);  3.  crest 
{of  mountains,  etc). 

rpe6|eu  [gr''i^b*'etj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -UOB  oarsman,  rower. 

rpeSeuijoK  [gr^ib^i^shok, 
-g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  see  rpedenb 
1,  2. 

rpe6ji|ji  [gr^ebl^a]  /  -h 
rowing. 

rpesJHTb  [gr^ez^it^]  imperf 
rpejKy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji  dream, 
day-dream. 

rpCK  [gr^ek,  -g]  m  -a,  -oa 
Greek. 


rpejiJKa  [gr^elka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
hot-water  bag;  footwarmer; 
ciaBHTb  --Ky  apply  a  hot-wa- 
ter bag  /  footwarmer. 

rpcMleib  [gr^i^'m^et'']  im- 
perf -JiK),  -i^mb,  p  -eji,  imp 
-H  rattle;  clatter;  clank; 
resound,  ring  out  {also  fig); 
~HT  rpoM  it  is  thundering, 
it  thunders. 

rpeHJiaHA|eu  [gr^i^nlan^- 
d^i(s,  -dz]  m  -ua, -ues  Green- 
lander. 

rpeHjiaHflCKiHM  [gr^i^^nlan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Green- 
landic. 

rpelcTH  [gr^'i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-6y,  -6emb,  p  rpe6,  -6Jia,  imp 
-6h  1.  row  {with  oars);  scull; 
paddle;  2.  rake  {hay,  etc). 

rpCTb  [gr^et^]  imperf  rpero, 
rpeeiub,  p  rpeji,  imp  rpeft  1. 
give  out  warmth;  coJiHue 
CHjibHo  rpeer  it's  very  warm 
in  the  sun;  2.  warm,  heat; 
warm  up;  3.  keep  warm  {of  a 
coat,  etc). 

rpex  [gr'^ekh,  -gh]  I  m  -a, 
-OB  sin  {moral  offence);  co- 
EepiuHTb  —  nepcA...  sin 
against...; 

11  predic  col  it's  a  sin  {to 
do  smth);  ■—  o6H>K^Tb  pe6eHKa 
it's  a  sin  to  treat  a  child 
badly;  ne  --  h  oiAOXHyxb  it 
wouldn't  be  bad  to  have  a 
rest; 

<>  c  '~6m  nonojiaM  col  hard- 
ly, barely  {manage  to  do  smth).' 

rpCMaH|Ka  [gr^i^ch^anka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  Greek  woman;  Greek 

gill- 

rpenecKlMH  [gr^ech^isk^iy] 
a  -an.  -oe,  -He  Greek. 


87  — 


rpy 


rpeHHeB|biM  [qr^ech^n^iviy] 
a:  ~aH  Kpyna  buckwheat; 
—  an  Kama  buckwheat  por- 
ridge. 

rpeuilHTb  [gr^i^shit^]  imperf 
-y,  -Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H 
1.  sin;  2.  sin  {against), 
violate  {the  truth,  etc). 

rpH6  [gr^ip,  -h]  m  -a,  -6b 
mushroom;  toadstool. 

rpHB|a  [gr^'ivo]  /  -bi,  — 
mane. 

rpHBCHKHK  [gr^fv^m^'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  ten-copeck  coin 
piece. 

rpHM  [gr^im]  m  -a  make-up 
{of  an  actor). 

rpHMac|a  [gr'^imasa]  /  -bi, 
'-  grimace;  Aejiaib  ~bi  make 
faces. 

rpHnn  [gr^^ip,  -b]  m  -a  flu, 
influenza,  grippe. 

rpo6  [grop,    -b]    m    -a,    pi 
-b'l,  -OB  coffin; 
<>  flo  ~a  till  death. 

rposla  [grAza]  /  -b'l,  pi 
rp63bi,  ~  (thunder)storm;  nac 
sacTaJia  —a  we  were  caught 
in  a  (thunder)storm. 

rpo3fl|b  [gros^t^,  -z^d^]  / 
-H,  pi  -H  (-bH),  -eft  (-bee) 
cluster  {of  grapes,  etc). 

rposlHTb  [grAz^it^]  imperf 
TpOHcy,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
1.  threaten;  2.  shake  {one's 
finger,  fist   at    smb). 

rposHlbiM  [grozniy]  a  sh  f 
rpoaeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  (-bi)  ter- 
rible, formidable;  threaten- 
ing, menacing;  stern. 

rpoM  [grom]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  1.  thunder;  2.:  ^  anjio- 
flHCMGHTOB  a  storm  of  ap- 
plause; 


<>    ^  cpe;i,H    flCHoro   He6a   a 

bolt  from  the  blue;  Merarb 
~bi  H   MOJiHHH    rage,    storm. 

rpoMaflH|biH  [grAmadniy]  a 
sh  f  rpOMaACH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
huge,  enormous,  vast,  im- 
mense. 

rpoMKlHH  [gromk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  rpoMOK, 
-a^  -o,  -H  1.  loud  {sound);  2. 
fig  famous,  celebrated;  —  oe 
I'lMH  famous  /  great  name; 
~aH  cjiasa  great  fame;  3.: 
--He  cjiOBa  fine  words,  high- 
flown  talk;  6e3  ~hx  cjiob 
without  a  fuss. 

rpoMKoroBopMTeJi|b  [grom- 
kagavAr^it^il*']  m  -h,  -en  loud 
speaker. 

rpoMosAKlHK  [grAmostk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -ne,  sh  f  rpoMoa- 
AOK,  -a,  -0,  -H  cumbersome, 
bulky,  unwieldy. 

rpoMHC  [gromch^i]  comp  of 
rpoMKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

rpoxoT  [grokhat,  -d]  m  -a 
crash  {a  noise);  rattle;  rum- 
ble;   roar,   thunder. 

rpySocTlb  [grubas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  -eft  rudeness;  roughness; 
roBopHTb  ~H  KOMy-Ji.  be  rude 
to  smb. 

rpySjbift  [grubiy]  a  sh  f  — , 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  coarse,  rough 
{skin,  material,  etc);  crude 
{workmanship) ;  2.  harsh 
{voice);  3.  rude,  coarse  {words, 
etc);  4.  flagrant,  gross  {viola- 
tion, blunder,  etc). 

rpyAJa  [gruda]  /  -bi,  ~ 
heap,  pile. 

rpyAMHK|a  [grud^inka]  / 
-H  brisket;  bacon. 

rpyAHJOH  [grudnoy]  a;  — 4n 


rpy 


88  — 


KJiexKa  anat  thorax;  -^oPi  pe- 
6eH0K  baby. 

rpyfllb  [grut'',  -d^]  /  -h 
(-h),  pi  -H,  -efi  breast;  chest 
{of  the  body)',  bust,  bosom; 
KopMHTb  ^hvi  nurse,  suckle 
(a  baby). 

rpya  [grus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  load  {what  is  carried)', 
freight,  cargo,  goods;  2.  bur- 
den, weight. 

rpysHH  [gruz^in]  m  -a,  ^ 
Georgian. 

rpysHHCKlHfi  [gruz^insk^'iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Georgian. 

rpy3|Hrb  [gruz^if*]  imperf 
rpyxy,  rpyaniub  (-Hiub),  p 
-TAji,  imp  -H,  nojrpyaHTb 
[pagruz'^it'*]  perf  load  {goods, 
etc);  embark  {cargo,  etc); 
entrain;  emplane. 

rpysoBHK  [gruzAv^'ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  lorry;  US  truck. 

rpy34HK  [grush^:ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  loader;  stevedore, 
longshoreman. 

rpyHT  [grunt,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
soil;  ground,  bottom. 

rpynn|a  [gruppa]  /  -bi,  ~ 
group;  cluster  {of  trees,  etc). 

rpycT|HTb  [grus't^it^]  im- 
perf rpymy,  -Huib,  p  -h;i, 
imp  -H  be  sad;  feel  blue; 
long  {for),   yearn  {for). 

rpycTHo  [grusna]  I  adv 
sadly; 

II  impers  predic  it  is  sad; 
CMy  —,  MTO...  he  is  sorry 
that...;  MHe  ^  cJibimaTb  sto  I 
am  sorry  to  hear  that. 

rpycTHlbiH  [grusniy]  a  sh  f 
rpycTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)    sad. 

rpyui|a  [grusha]  /  -h,  ~ 
pear;  pear-tree. 


rpw)K|a  [grfzha]  /  -h  med 
hernia,  rupture. 

rpbi3|Tb  [gris^t^]  imperf 
-y,  -euib,/7  — ,  -Jia,  imp  -h  1. 
gnaw  {bite);  nibble  {like  a 
rabbit,  etc);  eat  {nuts,  etc); 
2.  fia  nag. 

rpRfllna  [gr^atka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
bed  {with  vegetables  or  ber- 
ries). 

rt)$i3H|HTb  [gr^'i^z^n^it'']  im- 
perf -i6,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H,  sairpHSHATb  [zagr^i^z**- 
n^it^]  perf  soil,  make   dirty. 

rpH3H0  [gr^azna]  I  adv 
dirtily;  untidily; 
II  impers  predic:  na  yjiHue 
—  it's  muddy  outdoors;  b 
KOMHaie  ~  it's  dirty  in  the 
room;  the  room  is  untidy  / 
full  of  litter. 

rp^3H|biJI  [gr^azniy]  a  sh  f 
rpflscH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  (-bi)  1. 
dirty;  filthy;  ~oe  6ejibe  dirty 
linen;  washing;  2.  muddy 
{road); 

<>      —an     jiHHHOCTb      dirty 
character  {a  person). 

rpji3|b  [gr'^as^,  -z'']  /  -h 
1.  dirt;  mud,  slush;  2.  fig 
filth;  corruption;  3.  pi  -h, 
-eu  med  mud; 

<>    cMeuidib  c   ~bK)  defame, 
vilify;  besmirch  {smb's)  name. 

ry6|a  [guba]  /  -bi,  pi  ry6bi, 
— ,  -aM  lip  {of  the  mouth); 
BepxHHH  —a  upper  lip;  hh>k- 
HHH  —a  lower  lip. 

ry6MTejibH|biH  [gub^if'il*'- 
nty]  a  sh  f  rySHiejieH,  -a  -o, 
-bi  pernicious,  ruinous,  disas- 
trous, fatal. 

ry6|HTb  [gub^'it'']  imperf 
-jiv),    ry6Hmb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h, 


m-^ 


Aa 


noiry6HTb     [pagub^'it^]      perf 
ruin,  destroy;  spoil. 

ry6{Ka  [guplo]  /  -kh,  -ok 
sponge  {!)  an  animal;  2)  an 
absorbent). 

'    ryfllcTb    [gud^et^]     imperf 
-HT,  p  -eji  buzz;  drone;  hoot. 

ryAloK  [gudok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  1.  hooter;  whistle  {on  an 
engine,  etc);  horn;  2.  hooting; 
whistle   {of   an   engine,  etc). 

ryji  [gul]  m  -a  rumble, 
rumbling;  hum,  buzz;  roaring 
{of  the  wind). 

ryjiflHb|e  [gul^an^'ya]  n  -h, 
ryjiHHHH  1.  walking  {for  pleas- 
ure); 2.  outdoor  fete;  merry- 
-making. 

ryjil«Tb  [gul^at^]  imperf 
-HK),  -Heiub,  nojryjiqTb  [pa- 
gul^at^]  perf  1.  walk  {for 
pleasure);  go  for  a  walk;  have 
a  walk;  be  out  of  doors;  2. 
col  have  a  good  time,  make 
merry. 

ryjiflui  [guPash,  -zh]  m  -a 
goulash. 

rywaHHlbiH    [gumannty]    a 


sh  f  ryManeH,  -a,    -o,  -bi  hu- 
mane. 

ryMHJo  [gumno]  n  -a,  pi 
rywHa,  ryMen  (ryMen),  ryM- 
HaM  threshing-floor. 

ryceHHuja  [gus^m^itss]  / 
-bi,  ~  zool  8c  technol  caterpil- 
lar. 

rycT|eTb  [gus^t^et^]  imperf 
-eex  thicken,  become  thick 
(-er)  /  dense(r). 

rycjloH  [gustoy]  a  sh  f  ~, 
-a,  rycTO,  rycxbi  (-bi)  thick, 
dense. 

ryc|b  [gus^,  -z^]  m  -h,  pi 
-H,  -eft  goose; 

<>    KaK   c    ~si    BOfla  col  like 
water  off  a  duck's  back. 

ryxajiMH  [gutApin]  m  -a 
shoe  polish,  blacking. 

ryiu|a  [gush^:9]  /-h  1.  sed- 
iment; the  thickness;  2.  thick- 
et, thick  {of  a  forest);  b 
~e  Mace  in  the  midst  of 
masses  {of  the  people). 

rSC  [ges]  abbrev  (/)(=  tha- 
poajieKTpocTaHUHH)  hydroelec- 
tric station. 


A 


Aa  I  [da]  part  1.  a  word 
of  affirmation  or  consent  yes; 
«0h  yexaji?»  «Aa»-  "Has  he 
left?"  "Yes,  he  has";  «Pa3Be 
OH  He  yexaji?»  ^JXa,  ue  yexaji». 
"Hasn't  he  left?"  "No,  he 
hasn't";  2.  denoting  surprise 
in  question  form  really?,  in- 
deed?; «0h  yexaji».  «ila?»  "He 
has  left".  "Really?"  /  "Has 
he?";  3.  [in  the  first  pretonic 


position  —  dA;  in  the  second 
and  other  pretonic  positions 
—  da]  denoting  intensifica- 
tion but,  oh  but;  Aa  Hex  y 
Hero  sxofl  KHHrn!  but  he 
doesn't  have  the  book!;  o  mcm 
ero  HH  cnpocH,  oh  BcerAa 
Mx6-HH6yAb  Aa  anaex  what- 
ever you  ask  him,  he  always 
does  know  something  /  is  sure 
to   know   something;   Aa  hxo 


Aa 


—  90 


c  HUM  roBopHTb!  there's  no 
sense  in  talking  to  hiim!;  Aa 
Hy  ero!  col  oh,  bother  him!; 
4.  used  when  one  suddenly 
recalls  smth  or  changes  the 
subject  of  conversation  by  the 
way,  that  reminds  me;  Aa! 
Bbi  BH^eJiH  ero?  by  the  way!  / 
that  reminds  me!  have  you 
seen  him?;  5,  denoting  disbe- 
lief, strong  doubt,  irony,  etc 
not  likely;  catch  him  [her, 
etc]  doing  it;  I  don't  believe 
it;^«OH  npHflei  3aBTpa»,  «Aa, 
npHZieT.  SaBTpa  oh  6y.AeT  sa- 
HHT».  "He'll  come  tomorrow". 
"Not  likely!  /  I  don't  believe 
it!  Tomorrow  he'll  be  busy"; 
6.  used  with  imperative  to 
express  a  wish:  Aa  sApaBCT- 
Byer..!  [dAzdrastvuyat]  long 
live..! 

Aa  II  [da;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  dA\  in  the 
second  and  other  pretonic  po- 
sitions —  d^]  cj  denoting  1. 
addition  and;  and  besides; 
Mbi  Aa  Bbi  you  and  we;  2. 
contrast  and,  but;  oh  o6emaJi 
npHHTH,  Aa  He  npHiueA  he 
promised  to  come  but  failed. 

Aaeldrb  [dAvat^]  imperf 
AaK),  Aaeuib,  p  -an,  imp  -Aik, 
Aaxb  [dat^]  perf  AaM,  Aamb, 
AacT,  AaAHM,  AaAHie,  AaAyx, 
p  Aa-^,  flaAa,  AaJio  (AaAo), 
imp  Aafi  1.  give  {1)  smth  to 
smb;  2)  milk,  said  of  a  cow; 
fruit,  of  a  tree,  etc;  3)  a  concert, 
lessons,  evidence,  etc);  -~aTb 
TejierpaMMy  send  a  telegram; 
wire;  2.  let,  allow;  CMy  He 
--aAH  roBopHTb  they  didn't 
let  him   speak;   3.    {no   perf) 


imp  col  let's,  let  us;  ~aH(Te) 
noHACM  TyAa    let's    go  there; 

—  aft  H  noMory  leSe  come, 
I'll  help   you; 

<>  ~aTb  ornop  rebuff,  re- 
pulse; ~aTb  cjioBo  1)  prom- 
ise, give  one's  word;  2)  give 
(smb)  the  floor;  Aaxb  SHaxb 
let  know,  let  hear;  — aib 
ct6a  3HaTb  make  itself  felt; 
~dTb  xoA  HeMy-ji.  advance  / 
promote  smth;  set  smth  go- 
ing; efi  HejibSfl  Aatb  Sojibuie 
ABaAUaiH  JiCT  she  does  not 
look  more  than  twenty;  kh 
Aaxb  HH  B35iTb  col  =  cxactly 
the  same,  as  like  as  two  peas; 

—  afl,  ~aH!  col  go  ahead!; 
get  on!;  come  on! 

AaelHTb  [dAv^it^]  imperf 
-Ji\b,  AaBHUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp  -n 
I.  lie  heavy  (on),  weigh  (on) 
{also  fig);  2.  press,  hurt  {of 
footwear,  parts  of  clothing, 
etc);  3.  crush  {snakes,  etc);  4. 
squeeze,  press,  crush  {a  lem- 
on, grapes,  etc). 

AaBKJa  [dafk9]  /  -n  crush 
{a  mass  of  people). 

AaBJieHHJe  [dAvPen^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  pressure  {also  fig); 
OKasbieaTb  --^e  na  kofo-a. 
exert  pressure  on  smb. 

AaBHiHfi  [davn^iy]  a  old, 
ancient;  bygone;  of  long 
standing;  c  -^hx  nop  for  a 
very  long  time, 

AaBHO  [dAvno]  adv  1.  long 
ago;  2.   for    a    long    time  {of 
waiting,  knowing,  etc); 
<>   ~  nopa  it's  high  time. 

AaAHM  [dAd^im],  AaAHre 
[dAd^it^'il  1st  &  2nd  persons 
pi  of  Aaxb,  see  Aasaib, 


91  - 


AaM 


Aame  [dazha]  part  intens 
even  (1)  though  one  would 
not  expect  it;  2)  used  with 
comp). 

flafi  [day]  imp  of  Aaih;  see 
;iaBaTb. 

m^  [dal],  AaJia  [dAla]  p 
of  iiaxb;  see  AaeaTb. 

Aajiee  [dal^iya]  adv  1.  fur- 
ther, farther;  2.  then,  further; 
<>  H  xaK  — -  and  so  on, 
and  so  forth;  et  cetera. 

AajieK|HH  [dAl^ok^iy]  a  -eh, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  -^ ,  ^ajieKa, 
ABjieKo  (-o),  flaJieKH  (-h)  1. 
remote,  distant,  far-away;  2. 
long  {way,  journey,  etc);  3. 
fig  far  (from),  far  removed 
(from);  ~Hfl  ot  ueJin  [ot 
FiCTHHbi]  wide  of  the  mark 
[truth]. 

AajiCKO  [d9Pi*^k6]  I  adv  far 
away,  far  off,  a  long  way 
off;  —  nosajxn  far  behind; 
II  impers  predic  1.  it's  a 
long  way  to...;  eme  -~?  do 
we  have  to  go  much  farther?; 
Ao  SToro  eme  -~  this  is  still 
a  long  way  off;  2.:  eMy  [efi 
u  m.  d.]  ~  Ro  Mero-ji.  he 
[she,  etc]  is  far  from  being 
smth;  eMy  [efl  u  m.  d.]  ~  flo 
Koro-Ji.  he  [she,  etc]  is  much 
inferior  to  smb; 
<>  —  3a  nojiHOHb  long  after 
midnight;  (cjihuikom)  —  sa- 
xoAMTb  go  too  far;  '-  ne... 
far  from  being...;  ~  HAyiUHH 
far-reaching  {plans,  etc). 

jxajibH^fiui'HH        [dAl^n^ey- 
shty]  a  -an,  -ee,  -He  further 
{explanations,     etc);      subse- 
quenl; 
-^  B  -^CM  later  on;  in  future. 


AajibHjHH  [dal^n^iy]  a  1. 
distant,  remote;  ~ee  pac- 
CTOHHHe  long  /  great  distance; 
—  ero  AeHCTBHH  long-range 
{aircraft,  etc);  2.  distant  {of 
relatives); 

<>  flajibHHH  BocTOK  the  Far 
East. 

flajibH0BH;;HlbiH[d9PnAv^id- 
niy]  a  sh  f  AajibHOBHAeH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  prescient,  far-sighted, 
far-seeing. 

AajibHosopKlHH  [dal^nAzor- 
k'^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f 
AajibHoaopoK,  -a,  -o,  -h  long- 
-sighted,  far-sighted  {able  to 
see  far). 

fldjibiue  [dal^shl^]  I  comp 
of  jxaJieKnik  &  corresp  adv; 
II  adv  then,  next;  mto  ~? 
what  next?;  a  mo  6biJio  —? 
what  happened  next /then?; 
MTO  6yAeT  ~?  what  is  going 
to  happen?,  what  will  happen 
next?; 
<>  — !  go  on! 

AaM  [dam]  1st  person  of 
Aaxb;  see  jtaBaxb. 

AaMJa  [dama]  /  -bi,  ~  1. 
lady;  2.  partner  {in  danc- 
ing) . 

AaMCKlHH  [damsk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He  ladies'. 

flaHHlbie    [danntya]    pi  -bix 

1.  data,  facts;  uH4)poBbie  ~bie 
figures  {of  production,  etc); 
npHBOAHTb  ~bie  cite  data;  no 
~biM...  according  to...,  ac- 
cording    to     the     data     {of)\ 

2.  makings  (o/   a   person). 
fldHHJbiH  [dannly]  a  given, 

present;  b  —  oe  speMfl  at  pre- 
sent, at  the  (present)  mo- 
ment. 


WM 


92 


AaHlb    [dan^]    /    -h  contri- 
bution, tribute  {also  fig); 
^  OTAaTb    —b  BpeivieHH  take 
cognizance  of  tJie  age  /  time. 

Aap  [dar]  m  -a,  pi  -bi,  -6b 
1.  gift,  donation;  npHHecTH 
mo-ji.  B  ~  make  a  gift  of 
smth;  2.  gift,  talent. 

AaplHTb  [dAr^it^]  imperf  -ib, 
AapHUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  noi- 
flapAib  [padAF^it^]  perf  make 
a  present  of,  present;  give  {as 
a  present);  imperf  also  make 
presents;  --HTb  na  naMHTb  give 
as  a  keepsake. 

flapoBaHH|e  [darAvan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  talent,  gift. 

AapoM  [daram]  adv  1.  free 
(of  charge),  for  nothing;  2. 
for  next  to  nothing,  for  a 
trifle  {of  buying);  3.  to  no 
purpose,  in  vain;  ~  TpaTHTb 
waste  {time,  etc); 
«>  5to  CMy  ~  He  npofiAer 
he'll  pay  for  it. 

jiacT  [dast,  -zd]  3d  person 
of  A^Tb;  see  AasaTb. 

AdTJa  [d^ta]  /  -bi,  ~  date 
{on  a  letter,  etc). 

AaTCK|Hfl  [da^k^iy]  a  -aH, 
-oe,  -He  Danish. 

AaTH^H|HH  [dAt^ch^^n^in] 
m  -HHa,  pi  -e,  ~  Dane. 

Aaxb  see  Aaeaib  1,2. 

Aanja  [dach^a]  /  -h,  ~ 
country  cottage;  summer 
house;  JKHXb  na  — e  live  in 
the  country;  noexarb  na  ~y 
go  to  the  country. 

AaHHJbiH  [dach^niy]  a:  ~biH 
nocejioK  suburban  settlement; 
'-biH  noesA  suburban  train; 
'--biii  ceaoH  summer  /  holiday 
season. 


;iamb  [dash,  -zh]  2nd  per- 
son of  A^Tb;  see  Aaeaxb. 

AaK)  [dAyu],  Aaeiiib  [dA- 
yosh,  -zh]  see  Aaeaxb. 

ABa  [dva]  nam  card  m  &n, 
ABC  [dv^e]  /  AByx,  AsyM,  ~ 
(/  ABe)  &  AByx,  ARyMH,  (o) 
Asyx  two;  b  ~  paaa  66jibme 
twice  as  much;  twice  as  many; 
twice  the  size  {of);  b  ~  paaa 
MCHbiiie  half  (the...);  half  the 
size  {of); 

<>  -~-xpH  one  or  two,  a 
couple  {of);  b  AByx  cAOBax 
very  briefly;  b  AByx  uiarax 
near  by;  a  few  steps  away; 
B  '-'  CHexa  col  in  a  jiffy,  in 
no  time. 

ABaAuaxbiH  [dvAttsatty]  num 
ord  twentieth. 

ABaAUaxjb  [dvattjat^,  -d''] 
nam  card  -h,  -bib  twenty. 

ABa}KAbi  [dvazhdi]  adv 
two  times,  twice. 

ABe  see  Asa. 

ABeH^AUaxbiH  [dv^i^nattja- 
t*y]  num  ord  twelfth. 

ABeH^Ai^axjb  [dv^i^nattsat^, 
-d^]  num  card  -h, -bK)  twelve. 

ABep|b  [dv^er^]  /  -h,  pi -h, 
-eft  door  {of  a  room,  etc); 
BXOAH^H  ~b  front  door;  en- 
trance {to  a  house,  etc)\  b 
~HX  in  the  doorway; 
<>  npH  saKpbixbix  ~flx  be- 
hind closed  doors;  in  private 
(session). 

ABCcxH  [dv^es^t^i]  num  card 
AByxcox,  AByMcxaM,  ~,  ABy- 
MHCxaMH,  (o)  AByxcxax  two 
hundred. 

AEHraxejiLb  [dv^igat^iP]  m 
-H,  -eft  1.  engine,  motor;  pe- 
aKXHBHUH  —b  jet  engine;  — -b 


93  — 


JK^y 


BHyTpeHHcro  cropaHHH  inter- 
nal-combustion engine;  2.  fig 
motive  force, 

jiBHr|aTb  [dv^'igat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  flBHH|yTb  [dv^i- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  -yji, 
imp  -b  move  {cause  to  change 
place);  set  going;  advance, 
promote;  ~aTb  pyKofl  [najib- 
ufiuum.n.]  mo\:e  one's  hand 
(finger,  e^c]. 

ABHrjaTbCJi  [dv^'igattja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  abh- 
H|yTbcji  [dv^inuttja]  perf  -ycb, 
-eiubCH,  p  -yJiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp 
-bCH,  -bxecb  move  {change 
position);  ~aTbCH  Bnepe^  ad- 
vance, move  forward. 

ABH«eHHle  [dv^izhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  motion,  move- 
ment; nocTynaxeJibHoe  —  e  on- 
ward movement;  npHBO^HTb 
B  ^e  set  in  motion,  set 
going;  npHxoAHTb  b  ~e  1) 
begin  to  move;  come  into 
operation;  2)  fig  be  stirring 
to  action;  2.  traffic  {of  ve- 
hicles, etc);  3.  fig  movement 
{social);  —e  3a  MHp  peace 
movement. 

ABHHyTb  see  ABHraxb. 

ABHHyTbCfi  see  ABHraibCH. 

flB6|e    [dvoya]    num  collect 

-HX,  -HM,  -HX  (-e),  -HMH,  (o) 
-HX    two. 

flBOHKla  [dvoylo]  / -h,  abo- 
eK  1.  two  (a  figure);  2.  black 
mark,  "poor",  "two". 

ABOHHHK  [dvAyn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  double    {of  a  person). 

ABOHHOH  [dvAynoy]  a  dou- 
ble (/)  door,  etc;  2)  share, 
amount,  etc;  3)  meaning, 
game,  etc). 


ABOp  I  (dvor]  m  -a,  -6b  1. 
yard,  courtyard;  npoxoAHofl 
^  communicating  courtyard; 
2.  household,  farmstead; 
<>  Ha  ~e  out  of  doors,  out- 
side; nocTOiijibiH  ~  inn;  mo- 
HCTHbiH  ~  mint;  hh  kojiA  hh 
~d  neither  house,  nor  home. 

ABOp  II  [dvor]  m  -a,  -6b 
court  {of  a  sovereign). 

ABOp|eu  [dvAr^etj,  -d^]  m 
-ua,  -uoB  palace. 

ABopHHK  [dv6rn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  care-taker  {of  a  buildr 
ing);  janitor. 

ABy...,  AByx...  first  element 
of  compounds  denoting  'two' 
{consisting  of  two,  having 
two,  etc):  AByKpaTHbiH  [dvu- 
kratni'y]  twofold,  double; 
AByxHeAeJibHMH  [dvukhn^'i^- 
d^'el^'niy]  two-week,  bi-week- 
ly; AByxsTa^cHbiH  [dvukh- 
etazhniy]  two-storey. 

AByjiH4H|biH  [dvul^ich^niy] 
a  sh  f  AByJiHHeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
double-faced. 

AByM  [dvum]  dat  of  Asa  & 
ABe;  see  Asa. 

AByMcraM    [dvumstam]    dat 

of  ABeCTH. 

AByMq  [dvum^a]  instr  of- 
ABa  &  ABe;  see  ABa. 

AByMflCTaMH  [dvum^asta- 
m^i]  instr  of  ABecTH. 

ABycMbicjieHH|biH  [dvusmis^- 
Pmnty]  a  sh  f  ABycMbicJien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  dubious,  equiv- 
ocal;   2.    indecent,    obscene. 

AByx  [dvukh,  -gh]  gen,  ace 
&  pr  of   ABa  &  ABe;  see  Asa. 

AByx...  see  ABy... 

AByxcoT  [dvukhs6t,  -d]  gen 

of  ABCCTH, 


flBy 


--  94  — 


flByxcrax  [dvukhstakh,  -gh] 
pr  of  ABecTH. 

fleBJaTb  [d^i^vat^]  perf  &  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  fleib  [d^et^] 
perf  Aeny,  AeHeiub,  p  a^ji, 
flejia,  imp  aghb  put,  do  with; 
KyA^  oHa  -^ajia  pyqKy?  where 
has  she  put  the  pen?,  what 
has  she  done  with  the  pen?; 
OH  He  3HaeT,  Ky^a  ~aTb  CBoe 

BpeMH    [CBOH   AeHbFH    U  TU.    tl.] 

he  does  not  tcnow  what  to  do 
with  his  time  [money,  etc]\ 
<>  ~aTb  HCKyAa  col  plenty 
of,  lots  of. 

ACBlaTbCfl  [d^'i^vattja]  perf 
&  imperf  -aKx:b,  -aeiubCH, 
flCTbCM  [d^ettja]  perf  Aenycb, 
AeneuibCH,  p  A^Jicfi,  AeJiacb, 
imp  AGHbCH,  AeHbTecb  1.  dis- 
appear, get  to;  KyAa  ~ajicH 
6jiokh6t?  where  has  the  pad 
disappeared  /  got  to?;  KyA^ 
'-aJiCH  MHuia?  what  has  be- 
come of  Misha?;  where  has 
Misha  disappeared?;  2.:  eMV 
HeKyAa  -^-aibCH  he  has  no- 
where to  go;  OH  He  3HaeT,  xyAa 
~aTbC5i  OT  nocexHTejieft  he 
does  not  know  how  to  escape 
from  visitors;  oh  ne  snaex, 
KyA^  -—^TbCH  OT  CTbiAa  he 
does  not  know  what  to  do 
with    himself  for  shame. 

AeBOH|Ka  [d^ev9ch'*k9]/  -KH, 
-CK  (little)  girl. 

AeByui|Ka  [d^evushks]  /  -kh, 
-CK  girl,  lass. 

;ieBHH6cT|o  [d^'iv^i^nosta] 
num  card  -a  ninety. 

ACBHHocTbiJi  [d^iv^i^nostty] 
num  ord  ninetieth. 

AeB^TJKa  [d^'i^v^atka] /-KH, 
K)K  nine  (a  figure). 


AeBflTHaAuaTbiH  [d^iv^i^t- 
nattsatty]  num  ord  nine- 
teenth. 

AeBHTHaAUarlb  [d^iv^i^t- 
ndtt§at^,  -d^]  num  card  -h, 
-bK)  nineteen. 

AeBMTbiH  [d^i^v^atjy]  num 
ord  ninth. 

AeBflxlb  [d^ew^ii^ , -d^]  num 
card  -h,  -bib  nine. 

AeBHTbcoT  [d^iv''i^tss6t,.-d] 
num  card  AesHTHcoT,  AeeHXH- 
cxaM,  — ,  AeeHTbKDcxaMH,  (o) 
AeBHXHCxax  nine  hundred. 

AerjOTb  [d^ogat'',  -d^]  m  -xh 
(-TK))  tar,  pitch. 

AeA  [d^et,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
granddad,  grandfather;  2.  col 
old  man; 

<>  ~-M0p63  Father  Frost;  Fa- 
ther Christmas,  Santa  Glaus. 

AeAyuiJKa  [d^edushka]  m 
-KH,  -CK  granddad. 

AewyplHTb  [d^'i^zhur^it^] 
imperf  -k),  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  1.  be  on  duty;  2.  watch 
(beside  a  sick-bed,  etc). 

AemypHbiH  [d^i^zhurniy]  1 
a  on  duty;  ^ 

11  as  a  noun  AejKypHJbiH 
m  -oro,  -bix  one  on  duty;  -^ 
no  cxaHUHH  assistant  station- 
-master. 

AcaepTHp  [d^'iz^i^rt^'ir]  m 
-a,  -OB  deserter. 

Ae3HH(t)^KUHiji  fd**iz''inf''ek- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  disinfection. 
^AeHCTBHle  [d^'eys^t^v^iya] 
n  -H,  pi  -H,  -H  1.  action, 
operation;  Mecxo  -~h  scene  of 
action;  npHBOAHTb  b  ~e  put 
in  action;  BBOAHXb  s  ~e  put 
into  effect,  implement  (a  law, 
etc)\  2.  action,  deed;  pi  also 


-  95  — 


fleji 


activities,  activity;  conduct, 
behaviour;  3.  effect  {of  a  med- 
icine, etc);  4.  act  {of  a  play); 
5.  math  operation;  nexbipe 
-—H  apH4)MeTHKH  tlic  fouT  rules 
of  arithmetic; 

<>  BoeHHbie  — H  hostilities, 
military  operations;  CBoSoAa 
--H  a  free  hand. 

flCHCTBHTejibHo     [d^i^ys^t^- 
vMt^'iPna]  I  adv  really; 
11  parenth  really,  indeed,  to 
tell  the  truth. 

fleftcTBHTejibHocTlb  [d^i^y- 
s^t'v^it^il^nas^t^,  -z^d^]  / -h 
reality. 

fleficTBHTejibHJbiH  [d^'i^y- 
s^t^v^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f  ach- 
CTBHTejieH,  -a,  -o  -bi  1.  real, 
actual,  true;  2.  valid,  avail- 
able {ticket,  etc); 
<>  -~biH  3aji6r  ling  active 
voice;  ~biH  HJien  AKaACMHH 
HayK  Member  of  the  Academy 
of  Sciences;  —aa  cjiyjKSa  mil 
active  service. 

fl,eFCTB|  0BaTb[  d^eystyvat*"] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaJi, 
imp  -yft,  noifleHCTBOBaTb  [pA- 
d^eystyvat^]  perf  1.  {no  perf) 
act;  work,  function;  run  {of 
a  machine);  pa^HonpHeMHHK 
He  —yei  the  radio  set  is  out 
of  order;  2.  have  an  effect 
{on);  take  effect;  sto  JieKap- 
CTBO  xopoiuo  -—yex  this  med- 
icine is  efficacious;  this  med- 
icine has  a  favourable  effect 
{on  smb). 

flCHCTByiomlHH  [d^eystvuyu- 
sh^riy]  a    [pa]    -an,  -ee,  -He: 
~HH  saKOH  law  in  force;  ~aH 
MOA^Jib  working  model; 
^O'  ~ee  jiHi;6  character  {of  a 


play,  etc);  —aa  apMHa    army 
in   the  field. 

AeKa6p|b  [d^i^kabr*"]  m  -ji 
December. 

ACKaflla  [d^'i^kada]  /  -bi  ^ 
ten-day  period. 

flCKaH  [d^i^kan]  m  -a,  -ob 
dean  {of  a  faculty). 

ACKaHar  [d^ikAnat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  dean's  office  {at  a  fac- 
ulty). 

AeKopauHJfl  [d^ikAratsiya] 
/  -H,  -ft  theat  scenery.    ^ 

ACKpex  [d^i^kr^et,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  decree  {of  the  govern- 
ment, etc). 

Acji  [d^'el],  ACJia  [d^ela]  p  of 
Aexb;  see  Aesaxb. 

ACJijaxb  [d^'elat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  clACJiaxb  [z'M^e- 
laf*]  perf  1.  make,  produce; 
2.  do  {act);  oh  Bce  ~aex  no- 
-CBoeMy  he  does  everything  in 
his  own  peculiar  way;  he  has 
everything  his  own  way;  3. 
do  {one's  work,  lessons,  etc); 
make  {an  attempt,  mistake, 
report,  etc);  — -axb  yxpeHHioio 
THMHacxHKy  do  morning  exer- 
cises; cAeJiaxb  bh3hx  pay  a 
visit /call;  — axbSbiroBop  re- 
primand, reprove; 
O  ~axb  necxb  KOMy-ji.  [ne- 
My-ji.]  do  credit  to  smb  [smth]; 
—  axb  BHA  pretend,  feign; 
--axb  Henero  it  can't  be  help- 
ed; ox  Henero  -^axb  col  to 
while  away  the  time. 

ACJilaxbCfl  [d^'elattsa]  imperf 
-aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  c:AeJiaxbca 
[z^d^elattsa]  perf  1.  become, 
grow,  get  {also  impers);  ~aex- 
CH  npoxJiaAHo  it's  getting 
cool;    2.  go   on,  happen;  mxo 


AeJi 


96  - 


3Aecb  —aexcH?  what's  going 
on  here?,  what's  up  here? 

ACjierar  '  [d^iPi^gat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  delegate. 

AejierauH(ji  [d^il^i^gatstya] 
/  -H,  -H  delegation  (a  group);' 
B  cocTaee    —h    on    a  delega- 
tion. 

AejieHHJe  [d^i^l^en^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  division  {the  act  of); 
2.  point  {of  a  scale);    ynacib 

[nOAHHTbCH]     Ha     ipH      ~H     gO 

down  [up]  three  points. 

flejijeu,  [d^i^Petj,  -dz]  m 
-bua,  -buoB    business  man. 

flejiHKaTH|biH  [d^iPikatnty] 
a  sh  f  AeJiHKaieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  delicate,  tactful,  consider- 
ate; 2.  delicate,  ticklish. 

Aeji|HTb  [d'^i^Pit'^]  imperf 
-K),  AejiHUib.  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
noJAejiHTb  [pad'^i'^l'^it^]  perf, 
pasJAejiHTb  [raz^d*'i*^l^it'']  per} 
1.  divide  {into  parts,  etc); 
'-HTb  Ha...  divide  by  {a  cer- 
tain number);  ~HTb  noposHy 
divide  equally,  divide  into 
equal  parts;  ~HTb  nono.iaM 
divide  into  halves;  2.  (pas^e- 
JiHTb)  fig  share  {with  smb); 
-^HTb  c  KCM-Ji.  rope  [paAocTb 
u  m.  n.]  share  smb's  grief 
[joy,  etc]. 

Aeji|MTbCJi  [d^i^l^ittja]  im- 
perf -K)Cb,  Ae/lHUibCH,  p  -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb, 
noiAeJiHTbCfl  [psd^i^l^ittsa] 
perf,  pa3:AejiHTbC5i  [raz^dM^- 
Pitts9]  perf  1.  (pasAeJiHTbCH) 
divide  {of  a  stream,  certain 
number);  be  divided;  2.  (no- 
AejiHTbCH)  fig  share  {smth 
with  smb);  tell  {one's  impres- 
sions, etc);  confide  {in  smb). 


AejifO  [d''ela]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 
~,  -ajvi  1.  work  {activity); 
~o  cnopHTCH  the  work  is  in 
full  swing;  2.  affair,  business; 
concern  {of  mine,  domestic, 
etc);  y  mchh  k  eaivi  ~o  I  have 
some  business  with  you; 
y  Hero  mhofo  ~  he  has  many 
things  to  do;  ne  BMGiiiHBaiicH 
He  B  CBoe  —0  mind  your  own 
business;  3.  deed,  act;  AoSpoe 
~o  good  deed;  c^ejiaxb  6o;ib- 
moe  ~o  achieve  a  great  feat; 
4.  cause  {of  peace,  of  the 
working  class,  etc);  5.:  HH>Ke- 
nepHoe  —o  engineering;  cJie- 
capHoe  —0  metal  working; 
cTOJiapHoe  —o  joinery;  anarb 
CBoe  —  o  know  one's  job;  6. 
case  {in  a  court);  7.  {mostly 
pi)  the  state  of  affairs;  things; 
KaK  ~a?  how  are  you?,  how 
are  you  getting  on?,  how  do 
matters  stand?;  Kan  BaujH 
~a?  how  are  you  getting  on?; 
ero  ~a  hjioxh  things  are  bad 
with  him;  he  is  rather  poor- 
ly; 8.  matter  {of  habit,  taste, 
of  great  importance,  etc);  b 
MeM  ~o?  what  is  the  matter?; 
9.  file,  dossier;  Jiri^Hoe  — o 
personal  file;  {smb's)  record; 
<0>  3a  ~o  according  to  one's/ 
smb's  deserts;  eMy  nonajio 
3a  -~o  he  got  his  deserts; 
Ha  ~e  in  fact,  in  reality;  in- 
deed; Ha  caMOM  JKC  -^e  but 
in  fact;  but  the  fact  is  (that...); 
B  caMOM  ^e?  really?,  you 
don't  say  so!;  -~o  e  tom,  hto... 
the  point /thing  is  that...; 
B  t6m-to  h  ~o,  hto...  the 
whole  point  is  that.,.;  He 
B   3T0M    --0    that's    not    the 


97  — 


ACH 


point;  TO  H  ~-o  perpetually, 
incessantly;  every  now  and 
then;  He  y  ^  out  of  service, 
out  of  work;  nepebiM  ~om 
in  the  first  instance,  first  of 
all,  first  thing;  roBopHTb  ~o 
col  talk  sense;  HivieTb  -~-o 
c  KCM-ji.  have  to  do  with  smb; 
KaKoe  eiviy  —gag  aTcro!  what 
does  he  care  for  this!;  bot 
810  ~o!  (that'-)  good!;  axo 
--o  ero  pyK  this  is  his  hand- 
iwork; it's  his  doings;  6jih- 
we  K  ~y!  come  to  the  point!, 
stop  beating  about  the  bush! 

flCJioBOH  [d'^ilAvoy]  a  1.  busi- 
ness; ~  paaroBOp  talk  on 
business  matters;  2.  busi- 
ness-like, efficient. 

AeJicfl  [d^'els^'a],  flejiacb 
[d°ebs^,  -z^]  p  of  ;teTbCH; 
see  fleeaTbc.'i. 

jiejibHlbiH  [d^'ePniyj  a  1. 
efficient,  business-like;  2.: 
--biH  paaroBOp  serious  talk; 
'--biH  coBer  practical  advice; 
'-an  MbicJib  sensible  idea; 
-~oe  npeA^OH^eHHe  sensible/ 
practical  proposal. 

AeMHJiHTapHaauHJH  [d^'im^i- 
Pitar'^izatstya]  /  -h  demili- 
tarizationT 

AeMo6HJiH3au,H|n  [d^imab'^i- 
Pizatslya]  /  -h  demobiliza- 
tion." 

AeMOKpaTHHecKJHH  [d^ima- 
krAt^ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  democratic. 

AeM0KpaTH|5i  [d^imAkra- 
t^iya]  /  -H  democracy;  crpaHbi 
HapoAHOH  ~H  People's  De- 
mocracies. 

ACMOHCTpauHlfl  [d^imAnstra- 
^tya]  /  -H  1.  demonstration, 


parade;  2.  display,  show, 
showing. 

AeHe}KH|biH  [d^en^izhniy] 
a  monetary,  pecuniary;  —bin 
nepeBOA  money  order;  b  —om 
Bbipa>KeHHH  in  terms  of  mon- 
ey. 

ACHy  [d^enu],  Aeneiub  [d''e- 
n^ish,  -zh]  ht  &  2nd  per- 
sons of  AGTb;  see  Aesaib. 

Aenycb  [d^enus^,  -z**],  Ae- 
HeiubCfl  [d^en''ishs''9]  1st  & 
2nd  persons  of  Aexbcn;  see 
AeBaTbca. 

AeHb  I  [d^'en^]  m  AHH,  ahk), 

— ,     AHCM,    (O)      AHe,      pi     AHH, 

AH  eft,  AHHM  day;  b  stot  —  on 
this  day;  on  that  day;  na 
cJieAywmHH  —  (the)  next  day; 
3ar~.-:^~~Ao...  a  day  before...; 
qepe3  ~  every  other  day;  the 
day  after  tomorrow;  e  tph 
qaca  ahh  at  3  p.  m.,  at  three 
in  the  afternoon;  ~  po>KAe- 
HHH    birthday; 

<>  AoSpwH  --!  good  morning!; 
good  afternoon!;  hbo  aha  b  -^ 
day  in,  day  out;  co  ahh  na 
ACHb  1)  from  day  to  day;  2) 
any  day  {in  the  future);  ~  oto 
AHH  with  every  passing  day; 
Ha  AHflx  1)  the  other  day, 
recently;  2)  one  of  these  days, 
in  a  day  or  two;  ~  h  H04b 
all  the  time;  Tpexbcro  ahh 
the  day  before  yesterday; 
fleHb-AeHbCKOH  col  all  day 
long;  cHHTaHHwe  ahh  very 
little   time,    very    few   days. 

AeHb  II  [d^en^]  imp  o/Aeib; 
see  AeeaTb. 

AeHbrJH  [d^en^g^i]  pi  Ae- 
ner,  -aM  money;  Kpynnue  -^h 
big  bank-notes; 


JICH 


<>  HH  3a  KaKHe    ~h   col   not 

for  the  world,  not  for  any- 
thing. 

AeHbcsi  [d^en^s**8],  AeHbxecb 
[d'^en^'t^is'',  -z^]  imp  0/ Aeib- 
ch;  see  AesaxbCH. 

jienyxat  [d^iputat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  deputy  {of  the  Supreme 
Soviet,  etc). 

Aeprjaib  [d^'orgat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  AepHJyxb  [d^or- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  pull,  tug;  2.  {no 
perf)  pull  out  {teeth);.  3.  {no 
perf)  fig  harass,  worry. 

AepeEeHCK|Hfi  [d^'ir^i^v^en- 
sk'^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  rural; 
—  HH  >iHreJib  villager,  coun- 
tryman. 

Aep6BH|H  [d^i^r^evn^a]  /-h, 
pi  -H,  AepeR^Hb,  -HM  village. 

fl^peBJo  [d^er^iva]  n  -a,  pi 
;;epeBbH,  AepesbeB  1.  tree; 
XBOHHoe  —o  conifer;  jiHcxBen- 
Hoe  ~o  foliage  tree;  2.  wood 
{as  a  material). 

flepeBMHHbiH  [d^ir'^i^v^an- 
niy]  a  wooden. 

Aepmaela  [d^i^rzhava]  / -bi, 
--  power,    state    (a  country). 

jiepwl^xb  [d^i^rzhat'']  im- 
perf -y,  A^ipJKHUib,  p  -an,  imp 
-H  hold  {])  in  the  hand,  etc; 
2)  the  head  straight,  etc;  3) 
in  readiness,  etc);  keep  (/) 
hands  in  the  pockets,  etc;  2) 
smth  in  order;  3)  a  dog,  etc); 
<>  -^aib  3K3aMeH  take  an 
examination;  — axb  nyxb  e...  / 
Ha...  head  for...,  make  for...; 
be  bound  for...;  ~axb  nypc 
Ha...  1)  head  for...;  2)  fig 
pursue  a  course  of...;  —axb 
ce6fl  behave,  conduct  oneself 


{in  some  way);  —axb  asbiK 
sa  3y6aMM  col  hold  one's 
tongue. 

Aep}K|axbCJi  [d^i^rzhattsa] 
imperf  -ycb,  Aep^nmbCH,  p 
-ajiCH,  -aJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  1.  hold  on  {to  smth); 
2.  rest  {on),  be  held  {by),  be 
supported  {by);  3.  behave, 
conduct  oneself;  4.  stand 
firm,  hold  out;  hold  one's 
ground; 

<>  —axbcfl  B  cxopGHe  1)  stand 
aside;  2)  fig  keep  aloof;  ejie 
--axbcfl  Ha  Horax  be  on  one's 
last  legs. 

liepsKHM  [d^ersk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  AepsoK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  impertinent,  saucy;  2. 
daring,  bold  {plan,  etc). 

AepMCb  [d'^i^r^is'',  -z^],  ac- 
pHxecb    [d'^i^r^it^is^,  -z^j    see 

AP^XbCH. 

Aepnyxb  see  Aepraxb  1. 

Aepycb  [d'^i^rus*',  -z^],  jxe- 
penjbCH  [d^i'^r^oshs^a]  see 
ApaxbCH. 

AecaHx  [d^i^sant,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  landing  (0/  troops); 
BbicajKHBaxb  —  make  a  land- 
ing, land  troops;  2.  landing 
force  /  party. 

Aecepx  [d^i^s^ert,  -d]  m  -a 
dessert. 

ACCHla  [d^i^sna]  /  -bi,  pi 
AecHbi<  AeceH,  AecnaM  gum 
{around  the  teeth), 

Aecnox  [d^'espat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-oB  despot. 

Aec5ixH66pb|e  [d^'is^it'^ibd' 
r'^ya]  n  -h  sport  decathlon. 

Aecjix|Ka  [d^'i^s'^atka]  / -kh, 
-OK  1.  ten  {a  figure);  2.  col 
ten-rouble  note. 


99 


AH3 


flecnTJOK  [d^i^s^atak,  -g]  m 
'Ka,  pi  -KH,  -KOB  1.  ten 
{1)  ten  similar  objects;  2)  pi 
the  number  next  to  the  unit); 
2.  pi  scores,  dozens. 

;;ecflTbiH  [d^i^s^'atty]  nam 
ord  tenth. 

AecjiT|b  [d^es^it^,  -d^]  num 
card  -H,  -bK)  ten. 

;ieTaji|b  [d^'i'^tal^]  /  -h,  -efi 
1.  detail;  2.  technol  part, 
component. 

AeT'iH  [d^et^i]  pi  -efl,  -hm, 
-eft,  -bMii,  (o)  -HX  {sing  ah- 
Ta  n)  children. 

AeicKJHH  [d^'etjk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He   children's,    child's, 
childish;   infantile; 
<>  -~HH     ca^     kindergarten; 
-~aji   njiom^AKa    playground. 

AeTCTBJo  [d^'etjtva]  n  -a 
childhood; 

<>  Bna;jaTb    b   ~o   become  a 
dotard,  be  in  one's  dotage. 

ACTb  see  Aeeaxb. 

AeTbCH  see  AeeaTbcn. 

Ae4)eKT  [d^i^Pekt,  gd]  m 
-a,  -OB  blemish,  defect. 

AeuieBJeTbfd^ishf^v^et^]  im- 
perf  -eei,  noJAemeBeTb  [pad^i- 
sht^v^'et^'J  perf  become  cheap- 
er, fall  in  price. 

AeuieBJie  [d^i^shevPi]  comp 
of  AemeBbiH  &  corresp  adv. 

AeineBO  [d^'oshava]  adv 
cheap  {also  fig);  3to  oqenb 
^  it's  very  cheap;  --  OTAe- 
jiaTbCH  get  off  cheap. 

AeiueBJbiH  [d^i^shoviy]  a 
sh  f  AemeB,  AemeBa,  AemeBo, 
Aemep.bi  cheap  {also  fig);  — ^bie 
ueHbi  low  prices. 

Ae5iTeji|b  [d^eyat**!!^]  m  -h, 
•efl:  oSmecTBeHHuft  --b  public 


figure  /  worker;  noJiHTH^ecKHH 
~b  political  figure;  — b  na- 
yKH  scholar,  man  of  science; 
--H  Kyjibxypbi  cultural  work- 
ers. 

AeflTejibHOCTJb  [d^eyat^il**- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  activities, 
activity;  oSmecToeHHaH  ~b 
social  work. 

ACflTejibH  I  MM  [d^eyat^il'^nty] 
a  sh  f  AenxeJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
energetic,  active;  npHHHMaxb 
~oe  y^acxHe  b...  take  an 
active  part  in... 

Awa3  [dzhas,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
jazz. 

AweMnep  [dzhemper]  m  -a, 
-OB  jumper;   pull-over. 

AHaroHajijb  [d^iagAnal^]  / 
-H,  -eft  diagonal. 

AHarpaMMJa  [d^iAgramma]  / 
-bi,  --  graph,  diagram. 

AHajieKx  [d^iAl'^ekt,  -gd]  m 
-a,  -OB  dialect. 

AMajieKxHK|a[d*'iAl^ekt^ikaJ 
f  -H  dialectics. 

AHajicKTHHecKJHH  [d^ia- 
l^i^kt^ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  dialectical. 

AHaMexp  [d^iam^'itr]  m  -a, 
-OB  diameter. 

AHBaH  [d^ivan]  m  -a,  -ob 
sofa. 

AHBCpcaHx  [d^iv^i^rsant,  -d] 
m  -a,  -oB  wrecker,  saboteur. 

ahbh3h6h  [d^iv^iz^ion]  m 
-a,  -OB  mil  battery;  6^5 
(artillery)  battalion. 

AHbh3m|ji  [d^iv^iz^iya]  / 
-H,    ft  mil  division. 

AHex|a  [d^ieta]  /  -bi  diet 
{special  food). 

AHseHxepHJfl  [d^iz^in'^t^i®- 
r^iya]  /  -h  dysentery. 


flHK 


100 


AHKap|b  [d^ikar'']  m-A,  -eft 
1.  savage;  2.  fig  very  shy 
fellow/  person. 

AHk|hh  [d^ik^iy]  a  -aH,  -oe, 
-He,  sh  f  —,  -a,  -o,  -Hwild, 
savage;  shy,  unsociable;  out- 
rageou*^,  preposterous;  '-aa 
MecTHocTb  wilderness;  --Hfi 
KpHK  yell,  scream. 

flHKTaTyp|a  [d^'iktAtura]  / 
-bi  dictatorship. 

AHKTloBaTb  [d^'iktAvat''] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yfl,  npoJAHKTOBaTb  [pra- 
d^iktAvat'']  perf  dictate. 

AHKTOp  [d'^iktar]  m  -a,  -od 
announcer  {in  broadcasting), 
flHOJioM  [d^iplom]  m-a,  -ob 
diploma;  HMexb  —  o6  okoh- 
qaHHH  Bysa  be  a  university 
[college]  graduate. 

AHnjioMax  [d^'iplAmat,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  diplomat. 

;iHnjioMaTH4ecK|Hft  [d^ipla- 
mAt''ich.^isk*'iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  diplomatic. 

AHpeKTHB|a  [d^ir**i^kt**iv9] 
/  -H,  ~  directive,  instruc- 
tion, 

AHpcKTOp  [d^ir^ektar]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  director,  manager. 
AHpeKU,H|fl  [d^ir'^ektjiya]  / 
-H,  -ft  management  (persons); 
director's  /  manager's  office. 
AHpHHcep  [d^'ir^izhor]  m  -a, 
-OB  conductor  {of  an  orches- 
tra). 

AHpHWHploeaTb  [d'*ir'*izht- 
ravat'']  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -osaji,  imp  -yfi  conduct  {an 
orchestra). 

AHCK  [d^isk,  -zg]  m  -a,  -ob 
disk;  discus;  dial  (o/  a  tele- 
phone). 


AHCKpeAHTHploeaTb  [d^isk- 
r^id^if'iravat*^]  perf  &  imperf 
-yro,  -yemb,  p  -osaJi,  imp  -yft 
discredif,  disgrace. 

AHCKpHMHHau,H{$i  [d^iskr^'i- 
m^'inatjiya]  /  -h  discrimina- 
tion. 

AHCKyccHlsi  [d^iskus^iya]  / 
-H,  -ft  discussion,  debate 
{mostly  scientific). 

AHcnaHcep  [d^ispAnser]  m 
-a,  -OB  dispensary  {for  the 
prevention  and  treatment  of 
tuberculosis,  veneric  diseases, 
etc). 

flHcncTHep    [d^'isp^et^ch^'ir] 
m  -a,  -OB  (traffic)  dispatcher. 
AHcnyx  [d^'isput,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  (public)  debate. 

AHCceprauH,! «  [d^is^i^rta- 
t§iya]  /  -H,  -ft  thesis,  disser- 
tation. 

AHCu,HnjiMH|a  I  [d^'istsipl'^i- 
na]  /  -bi  discipline  {military, 
school,  etc). 

AHCi;HnjiHH|a  II  [d^istjip- 
l^ina]  /  -bi,  —  subjecT,  a 
branch  of  science. 

AHT«  [d^'it^'a]  n  {pi  acth) 
child,  baby. 

AHHJb  [d^'ich^,  -j^]  /'  -H 
game  {wild  animals  and 
birds). 

AJiHH|a  [dl^ina]  /  -bi  length; 
B  -^y  lengthwise;  ~6ft  b  ceMb 
MexpoB  seven  metres  long. 

AJiHHHJbiH  [dl^innty]  a  sh  f 
AJiHHeH,  -a,  -o  (-6),  -bi  (-bi) 
long  (/)  street,  hair,  e:c; 
2)  legs,  etc;  3)  story,  etc). 

AJiHTejibHJbiH  [dl'^it^il^'niyj 
a  sh  f  A^HTeJien,  -a,  -o,  u 
lasting,  enduring;  long,  pro* 
longed, 


—  101  — 


Ao 


AJiH|Thcsi  [dPittsa]  imperf 
-TCH,  p  -JiCH,  -Jiacb,  npoj- 
AJiHTbCH  [pFAdl^ittsa]  perf 
last,  continue  {for  some  time). 

AJ15I  [dl^a;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  dPi^;  in  the 
second  and  other  pretonic  po- 
sitions —  dl**i]  prep  with  gen 
denoting  1.  purpose,  aim,  or 
intention:  npH66p  --  H3Mepe- 
HHH  TeMneparypbi  instrument 
for'  measuring  temperature; 
Bbi  M6>KeTe  c;tejiaTb  sto  — - 
MeHH?  can  you  do  it  for  me?; 
OHa  c^eJiajia  9To  ~  cbma  she 
did  it  for  her  son's  sake;  oh 
npHiueJi  —  o6cy}KAeHHH  sToro 
Bonp6ca  he's  come  to  discuss 
this  matter;  hu;hk  ---  nHceM 
letter-box;  2.  fitness  or  suita- 
bility: 3T0  Bpe^HO  ~  SAOpOBbH 

this  is  bad  for  the  health; 
§To  He  nojixoj^m  ~  nero  this 
won't  do  for  him;  3.  the  fact 
that  certain  conditions  and 
circumstances  are  considered: 
oqeHb  xojioAHO"  —  OAeccbi  it 
is  very  cold  for  Odessa;  §to 
THnHHHO  ~  Hee  this  is  typi- 
cal of  her;  9to  HMeex  6oJib- 
moe  3HaMeHHe  ~  nac  it  is  of 
great  importance  to  us; 
<>  He  jiJia  Hero...  col  it's  no 
use  {doing  smth). 

AHa  [dna]  see  flHo. 

flHeBHHK  [d'h^i^vn^ik,  -^]  m 
-a,  -6b  1.  diary;  BecxH  — 
keep  a  diary;  2.  pupil's  day- 
-book,  homework  and  marks 
book. 

AHeBH|6H  [d^n^i^vnoy]  a  1. 
day  {attr);  '-aH  CMena  day- 
-shift;  ~6h  cneKiaKJib  mati- 
nee;    ~6h     CBex     daylight; 


fluorescent  lighting;  2.  daily 
{quota,  earnings,  etc). 

AHCM  1  [d^n^om]  adt;  by  d^y, 
in  the  day-time;  in  the  after- 
noon; ceroAHH  '-  this  after- 
noon; BMepa  —  yesterday 
afternoon;  saBipa  --  tomor- 
row afternoon. 

AHCM  II  [d^n'^om]  see  ACHb. 

AHO  [dno]  n  ^na  1.  bottom 
{of  the  sea,  etc);  nycKaxb  ko 
AHy  sink,  send  to  the  bottom; 

2.  {pi   AOHbH, AOHbCB,  AOHbHM) 

bottom  {of  a  container). 

AHfl  [d^n^a],  AHCH  [d^n^'ey] 
see  AGHb. 

AC  [do;  in  the  first  pretonic 
position  —  dA;  in  the  second 
and  other  pretonic  positions  — 
da]  prep  with  gen  denoting 
1.  distance,  extent,  limit  of 
time,  etc:  ox  MocKBbi  j\o  Jle- 
HHHrpaAa  mecxbcox  nnxbAe- 
cflx  KHJiOMexpoB  it  is  650  km 
from  Moscow  to  Leningrad; 
Ao  BnyKOBa  A^CHXb  khjiomcx- 
poB  it  is  ten  km  to  Vnukovo; 
51  6yAy  H<AaTb  ao  hhxh  qacoB 
I'll  be  waiting  till  five 
(o'clock);  H  >KAaJi  Bac  c  xpex 
AO  nnxH  I  waited  for  you  from 
three  to  five;  ox  ccmh  ao  ag- 

CHXH    KHHF    [KHJIOMeXpOB,  AHefi 

u  m.  n.]  from  seven  to  ten 
books  [kilometres,  days,e^c]; 
AO  Baiuero  BOSBpameHHH  until 
you  return;  noesxc^ftxe  ao 
Kp^CHofi  nji6maAH  go  as  far 
as  the  Red  Square;  i66Ka  ao 
KOJien  a  skirt  reaching  the 
knees;  a^xh  ao  mecxnaAuaxH 
jiex  children  under  sixteen; 
AO  AecHXH  KHJiorpaMM  up  to  / 
no  more  than  ten  kg;A0K0H- 


no 


—  102 


ua  to  the  end;  ao  66jih  till 
one  feels  a  pain;  2.  precedence 
in  .time:  ao  peBOJiibuHH  before 
the  revolution;  3a  nojinacaAO 
KOHuepxa  half  an  hour  before 
the  concert. 

flo...  pref  I  of  verbs  denot- 
ing 1.  completion  of  an  action, 
achievement  of  a  goal,  result, 
etc:  AoroBopHTb  [dagavAr^it^j 
finish  speaking;  AoSejKaib  [d9- 
b^i^zhaf*]  run  as  far  as,  reach 
{runn/ngy,  AosBOHHTbCH  [da- 
zvAn^ittja]  get  a  call  through; 
2.  replenishment  till  smth  is 
complete:  AonoJiy^HTb  [dapa- 
luch^'it^]  receive  in  addition, 
receive  the  remaining  {things, 
etc);  3.  negative  result:  oh 
AonpbiraJiCH!  col  it  serves 
him  right!,  now  he  has  done 
it!; 

II  of  adjectives  denoting  pre- 
cedence in  time:  AOpesojiK)- 
UHOHHbiH  [dar^'ival^'utjionniy] 
pre-revolutionary. 

Ao6aBHTb  see  Ao6aBJiHTb. 

io6aBJieHH|e  [dabAvl^e- 
n'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  addition 
(/)  the  act  of;  2)  the  thing 
added);  appendix,  addendum. 

Ao6aBJi|flTb  [dabAvl'^at^] 
imperf  -hio,  -Heuib,  Ao6aBiHTb 
[dAbav^it^]  perf  -jik),  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -b  add  {1)  one 
thing  to  another;  2)  say  fur- 
ther). 

Ao6aBOHHbiH  [dAbavach^- 
nty]  a  additional,  supplemen- 
tary. 

Ao6HB|aTbCfl  [dab^ivattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  ao- 
6|MTbcji  [dAb^ittsa]  perf-bKich, 
-beUIbCH,     p     -HJICH,     -HAacb, 


imp  -eHCH,  -CHTecb  achieve, 
obtain,  secure,  score,  get; 
imperf  also  strive    for,  seek. 

Ao6Hp|aTbCfl  [dab^'irattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  ao- 
6|paTbcsi  [dAbrattja]  perf  -e- 
pycb,  -epeujbCH,  p  -paJicH,  -pa- 
Jiacb,  -paJiocb  (-pajiocb),  -pa- 
JiHCb  (-paJiHCb),  imp  -epncb, 
-epHxecb:  ---aTbCH  ao  get  to, 
reach,  get  as  far  as;  ~aTbCH 
AO  AOMy  get  /  reach  home. 

Ao6HTbCJ!    see    A66HBaTbCH. 

Ac6paTbCJi  see   Ao6HpaTbCH. 

Ao6pi6  I  [dAbro]  n  -a  1. 
good  {opposite  of  evil);  me- 
jiaTb  ^a  KOMy-Ji.  wish  smb 
well;  2.  property,  goods; 
<>  HCT  xyAa  663  ~a  prov  ^ 
every  cloud  has  a  silver  lin- 
ing. 

Ao6p6  II  [dAbro]  adv:  ^ 
noH^ajioBaxb!  welcome! 

AoSpoBOJilei^  [dabrAv6Pit§, 
-dz]  m  -bu,a,  -bucB  volunteer. 

Ao6poB6jibH|biH  [dabrAvoP- 
niy]  a  sh  f  AoSpoBOJien,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  voluntary. 

Ao6pOAeTeji|b  [dabrAd^e- 
f'll*']  /  -H,  -eft  virtue  {good- 
ness, moral  excellence). 

Ao6pOAyuiHlbiH  [dabrAdush- 
nty]  a  sh  f  Ao6pOAymeH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  good-natured. 

Ao6po}KejiaTejibH|biH  [dabra- 
zhi^lat^il^niy]  a  sh  f  Ao6po- 
jKejiareJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  benev- 
olent, kind,  well-disposed, 
well-wishing;  — oe  OTHOiue- 
HHe  benevolence,  goodwill. 

Ao6poKaqecTBeHH|biH  [da- 
brAkach^is^t^v^mnty]  a  sh  f 
Ao6poKaHecTBeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  of 
high /good  quality. 


-^  103  — 


flOB 


Ao6poc6BecTH|HH  [d9brAs6- 
v^isnly]  a  sh  f  ;i,o6poc6Be- 
CTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  conscientious. 

AoSpoTHlbiH  [dAbrotniy]  a 
sh  f  Ao6p6TeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  of 
high  /  good  quality  and  du- 
rable. 

AoSpIbiH  [dobriy]  a  sh  /^, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  (-bi)  kind,  good 
{people,  etc);  —bie  jiioah  no- 
MorJiH  MHe  some  kind  /  nice 
people  helped  me; 
<>  6yAb(Te)  ~(bi)  please,  be 
so  kind  as  to...;  ecero -~-oroI 
good-bye!;  no  —oft  eojie  of 
one's  own  free  will. 

Ao6biBiaTb[d9blvat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  Ao6|biTb  [dAbft''] 
perf  -yAy,  -yAeuib,  p  -biJi 
(A66biJi),  -biJia,  -bijio  (A66biJio), 
-h'lJiH  (A66biJiH) ,  imp  -yAb  1.  get, 
obtain,  procure;  2.  mine, 
extract (mmera/s,  etc). 

AodbiHJa    [dAbkh^s]    /    -h 

1.  extraction  {of  minerals, 
etc);   output  {of  minerals,  etc); 

2.  booty,  loot;  plunder;  spoils; 
catch  {of  fish);  bag  {of  game); 
cTaTb  — efi...  fall  a  prey  to... 

AOBCSTH  see  AoeosHTb. 

AOBepeHHocT|b  [dAv^er^m- 
nas^'t^,  -z^d*"]  /  -h,  -efi  power 
of  attorney;  warrant  {to  get 
money,  etc,  for  smb). 

AOBepHle  [dAv^er^iya]  n  -h 
confidence,  faith,  trust;  a  vote 
of  confidence;  nHTaxb  --e  k 
KOMy-Ji.  have  confidence/  faith 
in  smb;  OKasbieaTb  KOMy-ji. 
^e  give  one's  confidence  to 
smb;  nojibsoeaTbCH  qbHM^Ji. 
'-CM  enjoy  srab's  confidence; 
sacjiyscHsaTb  ~h  be  trust- 
worthy;   BKpaCTbCH    B     —  6  K 


KOMy-Ji.  worm  oneself  into 
smb's  confidence. 

AOBCpHTb    see    AoeepHTb  1. 

AOBepHHB|biH  [dAv^er^ch^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  --,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
trustful;  credulous. 

AOBepjflTb  [dav^i^r^at^]  im- 
perf   -HK),     -Hemb,     AOB^pJHTb 

[dAV^er^it^]  perf  -lo,  -Hiub,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -b  1.  entrust;  2. 
{no  perf)  trust,  place  confi- 
dence {in). 

AOBecTH  see  AoeoAHTb. 

AOBOA  [dovat,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
argument,  reason. 

AoBOA|HTb  [davAd^it^]  im- 
perf    AOBOJKy,     AOBOAHUIb,    p 

-HJi,  imp  -H,  AOBe|cTH  [da- 
^bjCgb^bq  p^f.^  .^^^    -Aeuib,  p 

AOBeJi,  -Ji6,  imp  -ah  1.  lead 
{smb  as  far  as,  to);  see  {smb 
as  far  as,^  to);  2.  bring  {to 
perfection,  to  an  end,  etc);  re- 
duce {to  poverty,  despair,  etc); 
drive  {to  tears,  despair,   etc); 

<>    —HTb   HTG-JI.    AO   CBeAeHHSI 

Koro-Ji.  inform  smb  of  smth, 
let  smb  know  smth. 

AOBlcsHTb  [davAz^it^]  im- 
perf  -OHCy,     -OSHmb,    p   -03HJ1, 

imp  -03H,  aobcsIth  [dav^i^s^- 
t^i]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  aobcs, 
-Jia,  imp  -H  take  {as  far  as, 
to;  in  a  vehicle);  bring  {as 
far  as,  to;  in  a  vehicle);  carry 
{as  far  as,  to;  in  a   vehicle). 

AOBOJibHo  [dAvol'nal  I  adv 
1.  rather,  quite,  fairly;  2. 
enough; 

II  impers  predic:  --!  1)  that 
will  do!,  it's  enough!;  2)  stop 
it!;  ^  cnopHTb!  stop  arguing! 

AOBOJibHlbiJf  [dAvol^niy]  a 
sh    f    AOBOJieH,     -a,    -o,    -m 


Aor 


—  104  — 


1.  content,  satisfied;  pleased; 
H  oqeHb  AOBOJieH  I'm  very 
glad,     I'm     highly     pleased; 

2.  contented,  satisfied  {look, 
etc). 

AoraAaxbCJi      see     AO^a;^b^ 

BaTbCH. 

florafllKa    [dAgatlo]    /  -kh, 
-OK  conjecture,  guess; 
<>  TepflTbCM  B  '-Kax  be    lost 
in  conjectures. 

floraAJiHB|biH  [dAgad^Piviy] 
Or  sh  f  ~-,  -a,  -0,  -bi  quick- 
witted; shrewd,  quick,  bright. 

floraAbiB|aTbcji  [dAgadtva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
AoraAlaxbcsi  [dagAdattja]  perf 
-aiocb,  -aeuibCJi  guess,  con- 
jecture; suspect,  surmise. 

AorHaib  see  AoroHHTb  2. 

AoroBdpHB|aTbCJi  [dagAva- 
r^ivsttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -a- 
euibCH,  floroBoplHTbcsi  [daga- 
VAr^ittja]  perf  -ibcb,  -HuibCH, 

p      -HJICH,       -HJiaCb,      p      -HCb, 

-HTecb  1.  arrange  {with  smb 
about  smth,  for  smth);  2.  {no 
perf)  negotiate  {about)',  3.; 
AoroBopHTbCH  fl,o  a6cypAa 
reach  the  point  of  uttering 
an  absurdity,  fall  into  absurd- 
ity; 4.  {no  imperf)  come  to 
an  agreement;  AoroBOpHJiHCb? 
agreed? 

AoroBop  [dagAvor]  m  -a,  pi 
-hi,  -OB  treaty,  pact;  agree- 
ment, contract;  ^  o  Hena- 
naAeHHH  non-aggression  pact. 

AoroBopeHHocT|b  [dagavA- 
r^onnas^t'',  -z^d^]  /  -h  agree- 
ment, arrangement,  under- 
standing. 

AorcBopHTbcsi  see  Aorosa- 
pHsaTbca  1,  3,  4. 


AoroH|flTb  [dagAn^at^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heuib,  AorJHaTb 
[dAgnat^]  perf  -ohk),  -ohhiul, 
p  -HaJi,  -Hajia,  -najio,  -uaJiH, 
imp  -OHH  1.  {no  perf)  be  aft- 
er, run  after;  2.  {no  imperf) 
overtake,  catch  up  (with) 
{also  fig); 

<>  AorH^Tb  H  nepernaTb  over- 
take and  outstrip. 

AOXAlb  [dosh^:,  -zh**:]  m 
-H,  -en  rain;  hact  —b  it's 
raining,  it  rains;  hact  npo- 
JiHBHOH  ~b  it's  pouring;  it 
pours. 

AoiilTb  [dAit^]  imperf  aok), 
AOHUib  (-iiib),  p  -Ji,  imp  --, 
nojAOHTb  [padAit^]  perf  milk 
(a  cow). 

AofixH  see  AOXOAHTb. 

AOKasdTejibCTBJo  [dakAza- 
t^'il^stva]  n  -a,  --  1.  proof, 
evidence;  demonstration  {of), 
testimony  {of);  b  --o  in  wit- 
ness {of);  npHBOAHTb  —a  give 
evidence  /  proof(s);  2.  math 
demonstration; 

<>  BemecTBeHHbie   '■^a   mate- 
rial evidence. 

AOKasarb   see   AOKaauBaTb. 

A0Kd3biB|aTb  [dAkazivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  AOKajsaTb 
[dakAzat^]  perf  -Hcy,  AOKa- 
^eiub,  p  -3aji,  imp  -thk  prove, 
demonstrate;  imperf  also 
argue  {that...); 

<>    HTO   H    Tp660BaJ10Cb     AOKE- 

3dTb  which  was  to  be  proved. 
AOKJiaA  [dAklat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  report,  lecture;  paper 
{on  a  scientific  subject);  ot- 
qeTHbiH  ^  (main)  report  {at 
a  conference,  congress);  2.  re- 
port {to  one's  chief)] 


—  105  -^ 


flOJI 


-0-  -6e3  ^a    He    exoAHTb    no 

admittance  without  previous 
announcement. 

AOKjiaAHHK  [dAkiat^'ch^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  lecturen  (main) 
speaker. 

AOKJiaAWBlaxb  [dAkladtvat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  A0Ji03K|HTb 
[dalAzhlt^]  perf  -y,  ;ioji6- 
acHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -ri  1.  re- 
port {on  smih),  make  a  re- 
port {on  smth);  2.  report 
{smb  or  smth  to  smb),  inform 
{of  smth);  3.  announce  (sm6's 
arrival,  etc). 

AOKTOp  [doktsr]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  doctor,  physician; 
2.  doctor  {a  degree). 

AOKyM^HT  [dakum'ent,  -d] 
m  -a,    -OB    document,    paper. 

AOJiSjiiTb   [dAlb^'it^]  imperf 

-JIK),     -HLUb,      p     -HJI,      imp     :H 

hollow  {a  depression  in  smth); 
gouge,  chisel. 

AOJir  [dolk,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -H,  -OB  1.  duty  {to  one's 
country,  etc);  2.  debt;  6paTb 
B  '-'  borrow  {money ,  etc); 
AaBaTb  B  --  lend  {money,  etc); 
<>  Bjiesarb  e  -^ii  col  run 
into  debt;  6biTb  e  ~y  nepCA 
KeM-ji.  be  in  smb's  debt;  be 
indebted  to  smb;  OTAarb  no- 
cjieAHHH  —  pay  the  last 
honours. 

AOJirJHH  [dolg^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  AOJior,  -a,  -o, 
-H  long  {time,  silence,  way, 
etc);  Ha  ^ne  roAw  for  years 
to  come; 

<>    OTKAaAblBaTbB  ^HH    aUl^HK 

^  shelve  {put  off  indefinite- 
ly); let  {a  matter)  stand 
over. 


AOJiro  [dolga]  adv  long, 
(for)  a  long  time  {of  writing, 
pondering,  etc). 

Aojiroxla  [dalgAta]  /  -fai, 
pi  AOJiroTbi,  AOJiroT,  AOJiroTaM 
geog  longitude. 

AOJiiKJeH.  [dolzhan]  predic 
-Ha,  -HO,  -Hb'i  1.  modal,  ex- 
pressing obligation,  necessity 
must;  should;  ought  {to);  no- 
e3A  ~eH  npH6biTb  b  nnrb  the 
train  is  to  arrive  at  five;  no- 
e3A  -^eH  6biJi  npH6biTb  b  njiTb 
the  train  was  to  arrive  at 
five;  OH  —en  yiiTH  he  must 
leave,  he  has  to  leave;  oh 
~eH  6biJi  yiiTH  he  had  to 
leave;  2.  modal,  expressing 
probability:  «rj\e  HHHa?»  «OHa 
~Ha  6biTb  B  caAy».  "Where's 
Nina?"  "She  must  be  in  the 
garden";  3.  owe{s)  {as  a  debt); 
oh  MHe  ~eH  6biJi  ABa  py6jiH 
he  owed  me  two  roubles; 
<>  --HO  6biTb  parent n  prob- 
a>ly,  apparently;  oh,  —ho 
6biTb,  norepHJi  cboh  Kapan- 
Aam  probably,  he's  lost  his 
pencil,  he  must  have  lost  his 
pencil. 

AOJiJKHHK  [dAlzhn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -6b  debtor. 

A6ji»cH0CT|b  [dolzhnas^t^, 
-z^d^]  /  -h,  pi  -H,  -eft  post, 
office,  position,  job. 

AojikhIwh  [dolzhniy]  I  a 
due,  proper;  —mm  66pa30M 
properly;  na  —oft  Bbicore  up 
to  the  mark; 

II  as  a  noun  AOJUKHJoe  n 
-oro:  KaK  —  oe  as  a  matter 
of  course;  BosAaxb  --oe  ko- 
My-Ji.  do  justice  to  smb,  pay 
tribute  to  smb. 


IIOJI 


—  106  — 


AOjiMHJa  [dAl^'ina]  /  -h,  ~ 
valley. 

AOJio)KHTb  see  AOKJiaAbmaxb. 

AOjioH  [dAloy]  adv  down 
with,  away  with.    . 

flOJibuie  [doPsht^]  comp  of 
AOJirHH  &  corresp  adv. 

AOJIJH  [d61^9]  /  -H,  pi  -H, 
-eH  1.  share,  part;  2.:  -^h 
ceKyHAbi  a  fraction  of  a  sec- 
ond;    B    3T0M     eCTb    --H    HCTH- 

Hbi  there  is  some  truth  in  it. 

AOM    [dom]    m    -a    (-y),  pi 

-a,  -OB  1.  house  (a  building); 

2,  home,  house  {of  a  family); 

3.  house,  home  (a  special 
establishment);  ~  OTAbixa 
rest-home;  holiday  centre;  ~ 
Kyjibiypbi  palace  /  house  of 
culture; 

<>  cyMacmeAuiHfl  ~  col  luna- 
tic asylum;  ACcxaBKa  Ha  aom 
home  delivery,  delivery  to 
smb's  address;  Ha  ~y  at 
home. 

AOMa  [doma]  adv  at  home; 
«0  6biTb  KaK  ~  feel  at 
home;  SyAbxe  KaK  ~  make 
yourself  at  home. 

AOMauiH|HH  [dAmashn^'iy] 
a  house  (attr),  home,  do- 
mestic; ~ee  X03HHCTB0  house- 
keeping; —  jiH  xo3HHKa  house- 
wife; ~HH  pa66THHua  house- 
maid; ^HH  nxHua  poultry; 
no  ~HM  o6cTOHTejibCTBaM  for 
domestic  reasons,  owing  to 
family  affairs. 

AOM i Ha  [domna]  /  -hm,  -ch 
blast-furnace. 

AOMOH    [dAmoy]    adv  home 
{of  coming,  going,  etc);  nopa 
~  it's  time  to  go  home. 
AOMoynpaejieHHle  [damauprA- 


vren**iya]    n    -h,    -h    house- 
-manager's  office. 

AOHeCTM    see   AOHOCHTb. 
AOHeCTHCb   see     AOHOCHTbCH. 

AOHoc  [dAnos, -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
information  {against  smb). 

AOH 1  ocHTb  [danAs^it^]  imperf 
-ouiy,  -ocHiub,  p  -ocHJi,  imp 
-ocH,  AOHec|TM  [dan^i^s^'t'^i] 
perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  aohcc,  -Jia, 
imp  -H  1.  report,  inform 
{of  smth);  2.  inform  {against 
smb). 

AOHOclHTbCJi  [danAs''ittj9] 
imperf  aohochtch,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  AOHec|THCb  [dan^i^s**- 
f'is^]  perf  -excH,  p  aohccch, 
-jiacb  be  heard,  come  {of 
sounds). 

AOHbjr  [d6n^y9],  AOHbCB 
[don^'yaf]  see  aho. 

Aonjiaxja  [dAplata]  /  -u  ad- 
ditional charge  /  payment. 

AonjiaxMxb  se^AonJia^HBaxb. 

AonjiaHHB|axb  [dAplach^'i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  ao- 
njia|xHXb  [daplAt^it^]  perf 
-qy,  AonjiaxHiub,  p  -xhji,  imp 
-XH  pay  extra,  pay  the  re- 
mainder, make  up  the  differ- 
ence {in  money). 

AonojiHeHH|e  [dapAln^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  addition 
{the  thing  added);  supplement, 
addendum;  2.  ling  object. 

AonojiHuxejibH|biH  [dapAl- 
n^it^iPniy]  a  1.  additional, 
extra,  supplementary;  2.  ling: 
~oe  (npHAaxo^Hoe)  npeAJio- 
jKCHHe  object  clause. 

AonojiHHxb    see   AonoJiHHXb. 

AonojiH|«xb       [dapAln^at*"] 

imperf   -hio,    -Heuib,    aohoji- 

.  HJaxb   [dApoln^it^l   perf   -w, 


—  107  — 


floc 


-Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  supple- 
ment, add  to; 

<>  ^flTb  Apyr  Apyra  supple- 
ment each  other,  be  mutual- 
ly complementary. 

flonpaiiiHB|aTb  [dAprashi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ao- 
nplocHTb  [daprAS^'it^]  per/ 
-omy,  -ocHuib,  p  -ochji,  /mp 
-ocH  interrogate. 

Aonpoc  [dApros,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  interrogation. 

AonpocHTb  see  AonpauiHeaTL. 

AonycK|aTb  [dapuskat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeujb,  Aon|ycTHTb 
[dapus^'t^'it^]  perf  -ymy, 
-ycTHUib,  p  -ycTHJi,  imp  -ycTH 
1.  admit  (/o);  —aib  Koro-Ji. 
K  3K3aMeHaM  enter  smb  for 
examinations;  2.  permit, 
allow,  tolerate;  3.  assume 
{that  smb  is  right,  etc);  oh 
He  —  aex  raKoft  mucjih  he 
thinks  it  impossible; 
<>  ---aTb  0iUH6KH  make  mis- 
takes, commit  errors;  Aonyc- 
THM,  HTO...  let's  assume 
that... 

Aoporja  [dAFoga]  /  -h,  ~  1. 
road;  way  {to  a  place);  rpyn- 
TOBan  —a  earth  /  dirt  road; 
npoceJioqnaH  ~a  country 
road;  ne  cxoHCie)  Ha  ~e  get 
out  of  the  way;  2.  journey, 
trip;  oxnpaBHTbCH  b  ~y start 
on  a  journey  /  trip,  go  on  a 
journey  /  trip,  take  the  road; 
Mbi  np66biJiH  B  -^e  Asa  ahh 
the  trip  took  us  two  days; 
B  — y,  Ha  ~y  for  a  journey/ 
trip;  B  -^e  on  a  journey/ 
trip;  HanHcaTb  (nHCbMo)  c  ~h 
write  a  letter  while  on  a 
journey  /  trip; 


<>  no  ~e  1)  on  the  way  {to); 
2):  HaM  [hm  u  m.  d.]  no  ~e 
we  [they,  etc]  are  going  the 
same  way;  Aaxb  /  ycrynHTb 
~y  let  (smb)  pass;  make 
way  {for)  {also  fig);  cxaxb  / 
cxoHXb  nonepeK  ~h  KOMy-ji. 
stand  /  be  in  smb's  way; 
MAxii  cBoeH  ~0H  go  one's 
own  way;  xyAa  CMy  h  --a 
col  it  serves  him  right,  he 
got  his  deserts. 

AOporo  [doraga]  adv  1.  dear 
{of  selling,  etc);  2.  fig 
dearly,  dear;/~  MHe 'Aocxaji- 
CH  MOH  onbix  I've  paid  dear 
for  my  experience,  my  ex- 
perience has  been  dearly 
bought;  H  6bi  ~  }\aji  j  aa- 
nJiaxHJi,  qx66bi...  I'd  give 
my  ears  to... 

AOporcH  [dArogay]  adv  on 
the  way. 

AOporloH  [darAgoy]  a    -an, 
-6e,     -He,     sh    f  Aopor,    -a 
Aoporo,  AopoPH  1.  expensive, 
dear;  costly;   2.  dear  {friend^ 
etc). 

AopoKe  [dArdzht^]  compof 
AOporoH  &  corresp  adv. 

AOpoiKlfixb  [darAzhlf*]  im- 
perf -y,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H 

1.  value,  appreciate,  treasure; 

2.  take  care  {of). 
AopOKHbiH    [dArozhniy]    a 

road  {attr)\  travelling  (dress, 
expenses,  etc). 

AocaAJa  [dAsada]  /  -bi:  Ka- 
KaH  -^a!  what  a  nuisance!; 
what  a  pity! 

AocaAHo  [dAsadna]  impers 
predic:  -~,  mxo...  it's  a  pity 
that...;  cMy  ~  he  is  vexed 
{to  hear  that,  etc). 


floc 


—  108  — 


AOcaAH|uH  [dAsadniy]  a 
sh  f  AocaAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi:  ~oe 
HeAopaayMeHHe  regrettable 
misunderstanding;  —an  one- 
qaTKa   unfortunate   misprint. 

AocK|a    [dAska]    /    -h,    ace 

flOCKy,    pi    AOCKH,     AOCOK,    -aM 

board  [l)  used  in  building, 
etc;  2)  for  ironing  on,  etc); 
rpH4)eJibHaH  ~^  slate  (for 
writing  on);  ~a  aJih  oe-bHB- 
jieHHH  notice-board; 
<>  KJiaccHafl  ~a  black-board; 
~a  noHera  honour  roll;  board 
of  honour;  ox  ~h  ao  ~h 
col  from  cover  to  cover; 
cxaBHTb  Ha  OAHy  AOCKy  put 
on  the  same  level. 

AocjioBHbiH  [dAslovniy]  a 
word  for  word,  literal. 

AocpoHHbiA  [dAsroch^niy] 
a  ahead  of  time  /  schedule 
(output,  fulfilment,  etc). 

Accra learb  [dsstAvat^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -eiiib,  p  -eaji,  imp 
-Bafi,  AOCTaJTb  [dAstat^l  perf 
-Hy,  -Heuib,  p  -ji,  imp  -Hb 
1.  take  out,  get  out;  take, 
get  {out  of,  from);  2.  get 
{tickets,  etc);  3.  reach  {the 
ceiling,  etc). 

AocTa|BaTbCJi  [dastAvattsa] 
imperf  -ctch,  p  -eajicH,  -ea- 
jiacb,  AocTalTbCfl  [dAstattja] 
perf  -HexcH,  p  -jich,  -Jiacb  1. 
fall  to  smb's  lot;  sxo  Aocxa- 
Jiocb  eMy  [eft  u  m.  d.]  this 
fell  to  his  [her,  etc]  lot;  it 
was  he  [slie,  eta]  who  won 
it;  it  was  he  [she,  etc]  who 
received  it;  2.  impers  col: 
CMy  [eft  u  m.  d.]  Aocxanexcn 
he'll  [she'll,  etc]  catch  it; 
CMy  [efl  u  m.  d.\  AocTaneTCH 


3a  onosAaHwe  he  [she,  etc]  is 
late,  and  he'll  [she'll,  etc] 
catch  it;  he'll  [she'll,  etc] 
be  punished  /  scolded  for 
being  late. 

AocxaBHXb  see   AOCxaBJiHTb. 

AOcxaB.ji|flxb  [dastAvPat^l 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  Aocxa- 
BJHxb  [dAstav^if*]  perf  -jik), 
-Huib,  p  -nji,  imp  -b  1.  deliv- 
erer parcel,  etc);  2.  give  {smb 
pleasure,  trouble,  etc). 

AocxaxOHHO    [dAstatach^na] 

I  adv  enough,  sufficiently; 

II  impers  predic  it  is  enough; 
suffice,  be  enough;  ~  AByx 
pyfijieft  two  roubles  is  enough; 
sxoro  ~  that  will  do. 

AOCxaxoHH|biH  [dAstat9ch^- 
niyl  a  sh  f  Aocxaxo^en,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  sufficient  {enough). 

Aocx^xb  see  AocxaBaxb. 

AocxaxbCH  see  AocxaBaxbCH. 

AocxHrlaxb  [das^t^igat^l  im,- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  AOCXH|rHyxb 
[dAs^t^ignut^]  &  AocxHiHb[dA- 
s^t^ich^]  perf  -Tuy,  -rnemb, 
p  -r,  -rjia,  imp  -fhh  1.  reach 
{the  summit  of  a  mountain, 
etc);  2.  reach,  achieve,  ajt- 
tain. 

AocxHKeHHie  [das^t^izhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  reaching; 
achievement,  attainment;  2. 
achievement,  progress. 

AocxHMb  see  AocxHraxb. 

AOcxoBepH|MH  [dastAv^'er- 
nly]  a  sh  f  AocxoBepeH,  -a, 
-o,  -w  reliable  {information^ 
source,  etc). 

AOCxohhcxbIo  [dAstoinstva] 
n  -a,  ~  1.  merit,  quality; 
2.  dignity  {of  mind  or  char- 
acter); qyscxBO    c66cTBeHHoro 


-  109 


Jipa 


^a  self-respect;  proper  pride; 

3.    value   {of   bank-notes  and 

coins); 

<0>  oueHHTb   no    ~y  estimate 

at  {smb's,  its)  true  worth. 

AOCTOMHlbifi  [dAstoyniy]  a 
sh  f  jiocTOHH;  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
worthy  {of),  deserving;  6biTfa 
-^biM  be  worthy  {of),  deserve; 
'-biH  Jiy^uiero  npHMeneRHH 
worthy  of  a  better  cause; 
2.  merited,  deserved;  fitting, 
adequate;  3.;  --bm  qeJioBCK 
worthy   man  /  person. 

;tocTonpHMeHaTejibH  o  c  t  |  b 
[dsstapr^im^i^ch^t^iPnas't^, 


-z^d^]    / 


-eft    place    of 


interest,  sight 

flocTonHHJe  [dastAyan'iya] 
n  -H  property  {of  the  masses, 
etc);  BceHap6AHoe  ~e  nation- 
al property. 

fl6cTyn  [dostup,  -b]  m  -a 
access  {to   the   archives,  etc). 

AOCTynH|biJi  [dAstupniy]  a 
sh  f  ;iocTyneH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1. 
accessible,  available;  attaina- 
ble, within  (the)  reach;  2.  sim- 
ple, easy  to  understand;  3. 
moderate,  reasonable  {price). 

Aocyr     [dAsuk,     -g]    m    -a 
leisure,  spare  time; 
<►  Ha  ~e  at  (one's)  leisure, 
in  one*s  spare  time. 

Aocbira  [ddsita]  ac?:;  1.:  na- 
ecTbCH  ^  eat  one's  fill,  be 
satisfied;  2.  fig  col  to  one's 
heart's  content. 

AOTparHB|aTbCfl  [dAtrag^i- 
vattsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
AOTpoHlyrbCfl  [dAtronuttss] 
perf  -ycb,  -eiubCH,  p  -yjiCH, 
-yjiacb,  imp  -bca,  -biecb 
touch  {with  a  finger ,  etc). 


AoxoA  [dAkhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  income,  revenue,  profit. 

AoxoA|HTb  [dakhAd^it^]  im- 
perf Aoxo^y,  AOXOAHUib,  p 
-Hji,  imp  -H,  AOHTH  [dAytM] 
perf  AOHAy,  AOHAeuib,  p  ao- 
meji,  AomJia,  imp  aohah  1. 
reach,  come  {to);  xeJierpaM- 
Ma  He  AoiUJia  ao  MeHH  the 
wire  did  not  reach  me;  xe- 
JierpaMMa  He  Aoui-^a  the  wire 
was  lost;  xeJierpaMMa  Aouijia 
the  wire  was  ^  received;  ne 
^9L...  just  before  you  reach...; 
2.  reach,  amount  {to);  3.: 
AOHTH  AO  cJiea  end  in  tears; 
AOHTH  AO  6euieHCTBa  fly  into 
a  rage; 

<>  pyKH  He  Aox6;iJiT  col  =  no 
time  for  it. 

AoxoahIwh  [dAkhodnty]  a 
sh  /AoxoAeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  prof- 
itable, paying. 

Aou^HT  [dAtsent,  -d]  m  -a^ 
-OB  lecturer  lat  a  universi- 
ty, etc). 

AOHJb  [doch^,  -]^]  f  gen, 
dat  &  pr  AOMepH,  ace  -b,  instr 
AOHepbK),  pi  Ao^epH,  -epefi, 
-epHM,  -epefi,  -epbMH  (-epH- 
mh),  (o)  -epnx  daughter. 

Aouieji  [dAshol],  Aomjia|dA- 
shla]  p  of  aohth;   see  aoxo- 

AHTb. 

AOK)  [dAyu]  see  AOHTb. 

AOflp|Ka  [dAyarka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  dairymaid,  milkmaid. 

Aparou^HHOcT  | b  [dragAtsen- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -efl  jewel; 
treasure;  -^h  jewelry. 

AparoueHHluH  [dragAt^en- 
niy]  a  sh  f  Aparouenen,  -a, 
-0,  -h\  precious  {stone^  etc,  also 


Apa 


—  110  — 


Apa3H|HTb  [drAz^'n^it*']  im- 
perf  -K)^  ApasHimib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  tease  {smb  with  jests); 
excite  (a  rfo^,  e/c). 

flpaKJa  [draka]  /  h,  -- 
fight,  fighting;  scuffle. 

ApaMJa  [drama]  f  -u,  ~ 
drama. 

ApaMaTHHecK|Mft  [dramAf*!- 
ch**isk'*iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
dramatic. 

ApaMaxypr  [dramAturk,  -g) 
m  -a,  -OB  playwright,  dram- 
atist. 

ApaJTbCM  [drattja]  imperf 
flepycb,    AepeiubCH,     p    -jich, 

-JiaCb       -JlOCb      (-JlOCb),       -JIHCb 

(-JiHCb),  imp  AepHCb,  AepH- 
Tecb,  nOjflpaTbcsi  [pAdrattsa] 
perf  1.  fight  {with),  beat 
\smb),  knock  {smb)  about; 
struggle  {with);  2.  {no  perf) 
fight  (/or),  struggle  {for). 

ApeBHJHft  [dr^'evn^'iy]  a  sh 
f  ApeseH,  -H,  -e,  -h  1.  an- 
cient; antique;  2.  very  old; 
<►  ~He  sisbiKH  classical 
languages. 

ApeM|aTb  [dr^i^mat^]  imperf 
-JiK),  ApeMJieuib,  p  -aji  doze; 
nod  {when  sleepy). 

ApeccHp|oBaTb  [dr''is'*irA- 
vat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-OB^Ji,  imp  -yfi,  BMApeccHplo- 
earb  [vldr'^is^'iravat'*]  perf 
-yio,  -yeuib,  p  -osaji,  imp  -yft 
train  {animals). 

Apo6|HTb    (drAb^'it^'j  imperf 

-JIIO,  ~-HUIb,     p    -HJI,    f>ip     -H, 

pa3;Apo6MTb  [razdrAb^'it'^]  perf 
1.    Crush    {into    fine    pieces); 
splinter;    2.    fig   divide    up, 
split  up. 
Apo61b  [drop^  -b**]  /  -h  1.  j 


small  shot;  2.  (p/  -h,  -efl) 
math  fraction;  AecHXHMHaH 
~b  decimal  fraction;  npo- 
CTaH  ~b  vulgar  fraction; 
npasHJibHaji  ~b  proper  frac- 
tion. 

ApoBJa  [drAva]  pi  ^,  -m 
(fire)wood. 

Apo)K|aTb  [drAzhat^]  imperf 
-y,  -Huib,  p  -aJi,  imp  -h  1. 
tremble,  shiver,  shake,  quiv- 
er; quaver;  --aTb  or  CTpaxa 
[xojiOAa  u  m.  n.]  tremble 
with  fear  [cold,  etc];  ^axb 
BceM  TeJioM  shake  /  tremble 
all  over;  2.  fig  tremble  {for 
smb,  smth). 

AP6«)k|h  [drozh^'ii]  pi  -eft 
yeast. 

Apowlb  [drosh,  -zh]  /  -h 
trembling,  shiver(ing),  shak- 
ing, quivering;  tremor;  qua- 
ver; thrill  {vibration). 

Apyr  I  [druk,  -g]  m  -a,  pi 
Apy3bH,  Apysefl,  ApysbHM 
friend;  dear  friend;  6jih3khh 
~  close  friend;  aaKaAbmnwH 
~  bosom-friend. 

Apyr  II  [druk,  -g]:  ^  ~a 
each  other,  one  another;  — 
3a  ~0M  one  after  another; 
—  npoTHB  —a  face  to  face; 
against  each  other;  ~  c  -^om 
with  each  other. 

Apyrjofl  [drugoy]  I  a  -an, 
-6e,  -He  other,  the  other, 
another;  different;  kt6-to  / 
KT6-HH6yAb  ~6h  somebody 
else;  na  —oHAenb  (the)  next 
day;  b  — -oe  speMH  some  other 
time;  b  ~6h  paa  another 
time,  some  other  time;  e 
'-OM  MecTe  somewhere  else, 
in  /  at  some  other  place; 


—  Ill  — 


flyp 


II  as  a  noun  1.  Apyrjoft 
m  -oro  somebody  else,  an- 
other person;  2.  a  P  y  rJH  e  pi 
-Hx  others,  other  people; 
the  others,  the  rest; 
<>  3T0  ~6e  ACJio  it's  differ- 
ent, that's  another  matter; 
c  -~6h  cTOpoHM  on  the  other 
hand;  hhkto  ~6h  nobody 
else. 

ApyjK6|a  [druzhba]  /  -bi 
friendship;  HepymHMaH~a  un- 
breakable /  inviolable  friend- 
ship; 

<>  He  B  cjiy)K6y,  a  b  -~y  as  a 
favour,  for  friendship's  sake. 

Apy)KejiK)6Hlbifi  [druzhi^- 
l^'ubniy]  a  sh  f  APy^e;iK)6eH, 
-a,  -0,  -fai  friendly,  amicable. 

ApywecKlHH  [druzhask'^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  friendly  {serv- 
ice,etc)\  ~HH  mapn^  friendly 
jest . 

flpyMcecTeeHH'ibiH  [druzha- 
s^t'^v^'mniy]  ash  /Apy^KecxBeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  friendly,  amicable. 

r^pyac'iHTb  [druzlut^]  imperf 
-y,  -Huib  (Apyn^Huib),  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  be  friends  {with),  be 
on  friendly  terms  {with). 

Apy%H|biH  [druzhnty]  a  sh 
f  Apy>KeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  (-bi)  1. 
close-knit,  united  {family, 
etc);  2.  unanimous;  ~bie 
anji  -^HCMCHTbi  a  burst  of 
applause;  —  bift  CMex  a  burst 
of  laughter. 

ApMHHOH  [dr^i^nnoy]  a  col 
bad,  rotten,  wretched,  worth- 
less, good-for-nothing. 

ApflxjilbiH  [dr^akhlty]  a  sh  f 
'-,  -a,  -o,  -bi  decrepit. 

ny6  [dup,  -b]  m  -a,  pi  -h, 
-6e  oak- 


Ay6jiMp|oBaTbfdubPir8vat*'] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yii  1.  duplicate;  double 
(a  par^);  2.  dub  (a  ///m). 

Ayr  I  a  (dugaj  /-h,  p/  Ayrn, 
•~ ,  AyraM  arc  {of  a  circle,  etc). 

Aj/H  [duy]  see  AyTb. 

Ayficji  [duys^a],  Ayfixecb 
[duyt'^is^,  -z^]  see  AyTbca. 

Ayji  [dul],  Ayjia  [dub]  see 
AyTb. 

Ayji|o  [dub]  n  -a,  ~  muz- 
zle {of  a  gun). 

Ayjicfl       [duls'^a],      Ay>'iacb 


[dubs' 


■z°j  see  AyTbCH. 


AyMJaTb  [dumat^j  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib,  nolAyMaTb  [pA- 
dumat^j  perf  1.  think  (o/, 
about,  over)',  think  {that...), 
believe  {that...);  2.  {no  perf) 
intend,  think  {of  doing 
smth); 

<>  MHoro  —axb  o  ce6e  be 
conceited,  think  no  small 
beer  of  oneself;  He  AOJiro 
~aji  v/ithout  a  moment's 
thought. 

Aynji|6  [duplo]  n  -a,  pi 
AynAa,  AyneJi,  AynJiaM  hollow 
{in  a  tree,  tooth,  etc). 

AypaK  [durak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  fool,  idiot; 
<>  HaSHTWH  ^  col  perfect 
fool;BajiHTb  —a  co/ play  the 
fool;  ocTaoHTb  B  —ax  col 
fool/dupe  smb;  ocTaxbCJi  b 
~ax   col    be    fooled  /  duped. 

AVpHo  [durna]  I  adv  badly, 
ill; 

11  impers  predic:  mhc  [eMy 
w  m.  ^.]  ~  I  feel  [he,  etc, 
feels]  bad  /  faint.  . 

AypHJoH  [durnoy]  a  sh  f 
AypeH.  -a,  Aypno.AypHbi  (-bi) 


pyr 


112  — 


1.  bad  {opposite  of  good); 
^6h  MeJiOBeK  wicked  man; 
■~bie  MbicJiH  evil  tlioughts; 
'-an  cJiaea  ill  fame,  noto- 
riety; 2.:  /typeH  co66h  ugly 
{of  a  person's  looks). 

Ayib  [dut^I  imperf  flyio, 
fl,yeiiib,  p  Ay-^,  Ay-^a,  irnp 
AyH,  noUyTb  [pAdut^]  perf 
blow  (a^  or  into  smth)\  (sAecb) 
AyeT  there  is  a  draught 
here. 

jiyxbcfl  [dut^sa]  imperf 
Ayiocb,  AyeiubCH,  p  Ay«nc5i, 
AV^acb,  /mp  AyHCH,  AyHiecb, 
HajAyxbCH  [nAdutts9]  perf  col 
be  sulky  {with  stub). 

flyx  [dukh,  -gh]  m  -a  1. 
philos  spirit;  2.  courage, 
spirit;  npHcyicTBHe  —a  pres- 
ence of  mind;  3.  spirit  {of 
the  times,  etc);  4.:  y  Hero  -~ 
saxBaTHJio  it  took  his  breath 
away; 

<^  BO  eecb  ~  at  full  speed; 
OAHHM  —CM  at  one  go;  ne 
B  ~e  in  a  bad  mood;  nacxb 
^OM  lose  one's  courage;  be 
despondent;  HcnycTHTb  ~ 
breathe  one's  last;  hh  cjiy- 
xy  HH  ~y  o...  col  nothing  is 
heard  of  ...;    ht6-to    b  3tom 

—  e   something   of    the  kind. 
AyxJH  [dukh'i]  pi  -6b  per- 
fume, scent. 

flyxoBeHCTB|o  [dukhAv^enst- 
V9]  n  -a  clergy. 

flyxoBHbift  [dukhdvnly]  a 
1.  spiritual;  2.  spiritual,  ec- 
clesiastical. 

AyxoBloH     [dukhAVoy]      a: 

—  OH     opKecip     brass     band; 

—  bie  HHCTpyMCHTbi  wind-in- 
struments, 


flyxorla  [dukhAta]  /  -bi 
closeness,  stuffiness;  oppress- 
ive heat. 

Ayui  [dush,  -zh]  m  -a  show- 
er(-bath). 

flyuil^  [dush^]  /  -H,  ace 
Aymy,  pi  flyuiH,  ^,  ^ymaM 
1.  soul;  2.:  Ha  Ayuiy  nacejie- 
HHH  per  capita,  per  head; 
<C>  no  -~6  to  {smb's)  liking; 
OT  (Bcefl)  --H  with  all  one's 
heart;  b  ~6  at  heart;  roBo- 
pHTb  [Hrp^TbJ  c  ~6h  speak 
[play  /  act]  with  feeling;  no 
—  dM  frankly,  candidly;  bcch 
~6ft  OTAaTbCH  HeMy-ji.  go 
heart  and  soul  into  smth; 
KpHBHTb  — 6fi  play  the  hyp- 
ocrite; be  insincere;  act 
against  one's  conscience; 
cKOJibKo  ~e  yr6AHo  to  one's 
heart's  content;  y  nero  ~a 
yuiJid  b  n^TKH  he  has  his 
heart  in  his  boots,  his  heart 
failed  him. 

flyuiHcxIbift  [dushtstiy]  a 
sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  fragrant, 
sweet-scented. 

jiyiii|HTb  [dushlt^]  imperf 
-y,  AyuiHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
saiAyuiHTb  [zadushlt^]  perf 
1.  suffocate,  stifle;  strangle, 
choke;  2.  choke,  suffocate 
{of  coughing,  etc;  also  fig); 
3.  fig  stifle,  suppress. 

flymlHTbCH  [dushlttja]  im- 
perf -ycb,  p^yuiuuibca,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -ikb,  -uiecb, 
HaUyuiHTbcM  [nadushfttja] 
perf  use  scent;  scent  oneself, 
perfume  oneself. 

flyuiHO  [dushna]  impers 
predic:  sjxech  oneHb  ~  it's 
very    close /stuffy  in  here;  b 


-  113  - 


em 


KOMHaxe  ~  it's  close /stuffy 
in  the  room;  eMy  ~  he  is 
suffocating. 

AyuiHJbiH  [dushniy]  a  sh  f 
;^ymeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  stuffy, 
close. 

AyK)[duyu],  Ayeuib  [duyash, 
-zh]  see  AYTb. 

Aywcb  [duyus^,  -z^],  ^yeuib- 
CJi  [duyashs^af  see  AyTbCH. 

flbiM  [dim]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-bi,  -OB  smoke  {from  a  burn- 
ing substance). 

AWMOxoA  [dimAkhot,  -d]  m 
-a    -OB  flue  {for  smoke). 

Abffllfl  [dfn^a]  /  -H,  -b 
melon,  musk  melon. 

Abipja  [dira]  /  -u,  ~  hole 
{in  a  piece  of  cloth,  in  the 
roof,  etc;   also  fig). 

AbipflB|biH  [dir^'avtyj  a  sh  f 


--,  -a,  -o,  -bi    full    of  holes 
having  a  hole/  holes. 

AbixaHMJe  [dikhan^'iya]  n 
-H  breathing,  breath,  respira- 
tion; 

<>    saraHB    -~e    with    bated 
breath. 

Abiiu|dTb  [dish^t^]  imperf 
-y ,  AbiiiiHiiib,  p  -an,  imp  -h 
breathe;  TH^eJio  ~aTb  pant; 
<>,ejie  —dxb  be  at  one's  last 
gasp. 

Aib>KHH|a    [d^uzhtna]    /  -bi, 
~-    dozen; 
<>  HepTOBa  ~-a baker's  dozen. 

AK)H|a  [d^una]  f  -bi,  ^ 
dune,  down. 

A«A|H  [d^ad^9]  m  -h,  -efl 
uncle  {a  relative). 

flflTJeji  [d'^at^il]  m  -Jia, 
-jioB  woodpecker. 


eepejii  [yi^vr'^ey]  m  -h,  -eB 
Jew. 

eBpeHCK|HH  [yi^vr^eysk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Jewish. 

eBpone|eu,  [yivrAp^eyatj,  dz] 
m   -Hua,  -HueB    European. 

eBpon6HCK|HH  fyivrAp^^y- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Euro- 
pean. 

erHnexcKlHH  [yi^g^ip^itj- 
k^iy]  a  -an,  -oe'  -He  Egyp- 
tian. 

erHnrflHJHH  [yig^ipt^an^in] 
m  -HHa,  pi  -e,  ^    Egyptian. 

ero  [yi^'vo]  I  gen  &  ace    of 
OH  &  oho;  see  oh; 
II    pron   poss    corresp    to    oh 
&  OHO  his;  its. 


e^a  [yi^da]  /  e;^bi  food; 
meal  {food  or  an  act  of  tak- 
ing food);  3a  caoh  during 
a  meal. 

CABa  [yi^dva]  I  adv  1.  hard- 
ly, with  difficulty;  2.  hard- 
ly,    scarcely;    3.  just,    bare- 

ly; 

II  cf:  ^...,  KaK...  scarcely/ 
hardly...  when...,  no  soon- 
er... than...; 

<>  —  jiH  hardly,  it's  doubt- 
ful whether...;  —  He  nearly; 
~  jiH  He  almost,  nearly. 

CA^M  [yi^d'^im],  cahtc 
[yi^d^'it^i]  see  ecxb  I. 

eAHHHi^ja  fyid^in^itja]  /  -bi, 
~  1.  one;  math  unity;  2.  unit 


feAM 


114 


(standard  quantity  or  amount); 

3.  black   mark,  "poor", "one"; 

4.  individual;  tojibko    ~bi,.. 
only  a  few... 

cAHHHHHlbiH  [yid''in''ich''- 
niyl  a  sh  f  eAHHriqen,  -a,  -o, 
-bT  1.  single,  only  one;  2.  iso- 
lated, rare. 

e;iHHorjiacHO  [yid^inAglas- 
nal  adv  unanimously  {with 
the  support  of  all). 

eAHHOAyu]H|biH  [yid^inA- 
dushnty]  a  sh  f  eAHHOAymeH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  unanimous  {having 
the  agreement  of  all). 

e;iHHCTBeHHlbiH  [yi^d^in''- 
s^t*'v**mniyl  a  sh  f  eAHHCi- 
BeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  only,  sole; 
OAHH-eAHHCTBeHHbiH  Only  one; 
~biH  B  CBoeM  pojie  unique; 
<>  -~oe  HHCjio  ling  singular 
(number). 

eAHHCTB|o  [yi^d^instval  n 
-a  unity  {harmony,  agreement; 
solidarity) . 

e;iHHlbiH  [yi*-'d^inty]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  indivisible; 
united  {front,  etc);  single, 
common;  — -oe  ueJioe  a  single 
whole;  2.:  hh  '-oro  not  a 
single;  Bce  ao  ~oro  one  and 
all. 

cflKlHft  [yetk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He,  sh  f  CAOK,  -a,  -o,  -h  1. 
caustic  {also  fig);  2.  acrid, 
pungent  {also  fig). 

ejyy  [yedu],  CAeuib  [yed'^ish, 
-zh]  see  exaxb. 

ee  [yi^yo]  I  gen  &  ace  of 
OH  a;  see  oh; 

II  pron   poss  corresp   to   oHa 
her;  hers;  its. 

e}K  [yosh,  -zh]  m  e>Ka, 
eHceft  hedgehog    {an   animal). 


tme...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds denoting  'every'  ejKe- 
roAHo  [yizhi^godna]  every 
year,  annually. 

e)Ker6;iHbiH  [yizht^godnty] 
a  annual,  yearly. 

ejKeAHeBHbiH  [yizhf^d^n'^ev- 
nty]  a  daily;  everyday  {com- 
mon, usual). 

CMieMecsiHHbiH  [yizhi^m^e- 
s^'ach^niy]  a  monthly. 

ejKeneAejibHbift  [yizhan^i^- 
d^el^'niy]  a  weekly. 

ejKHTbcvi  [ydzhtttja]  imperf 
e>Kycb,  e>KHmbCH,  p  cjkhjich, 
e>KHJiacb  huddle  oneself  up 
{with  cold,  etc). 

e3A|a  [yi^zda]  /  -b'l  driving, 
riding;  b  Asyx  qacax  —b'l 
OT...  two-hour  journey  from... 

eaAl.HTb  [yez'^d'^it'']  imperf 
e3>Ky,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  h 
[cf  exaxb  1]  drive,  ride  {in 
a  car,  etc);  go  {by  train, 
sea,    etc);    travel,    journey. 

CH  [yey]  dat  &  instr  of 
OHa;  see  oh. 

eH-66ry  [yi^ybogu]  int  col 
really!,  really  and  truly!; 
I  swear! 

eji  [yel],  ejia  [yeb]  see 
ecTb  I. 

eJie  [yel^'i]  adv  1.  hardly, 
with  difficulty;  2.  hardly, 
scarcely; 

O  6jie-6Jie  hardly,  with  dif- 
ficulty; —  JKHBoft  more  dead 
than  alive. 

ejiKJa  [yolka]  /  -h,  e.noK 
1.  fir-tree;  HOBoroAHHH  ~a 
New  Year's  tree;  2.  New 
Year's  party. 

ejib  [yel**]  /  eJiH,  ejieii  fir- 
-tree. 


—  115 


eii;e 


CM  [yem],  euib  [yesh,  -zh] 
see  ecTb  I . 

eMKOCTJb  [ydmlos''t^,  -z^d''] 
/  -H,  -eft  capacity  {of  a  con- 
tainer, etc). 

eMy  [yi^mu]  dat  of  oh  & 
oho;  see  oh. 

epyHfl|a  [yirunda]  /    -bi  col 

1.  nonsense,     rot,     rubbish; 

2.  trifle,  nothing;  very   easy 
thing,  child's  play. 

ecjiH  [yes^'l^i]  cj  if  (/)  on 
the  condition  or  supposition 
that',  2)  even  though;  grant- 
ing that;  3)  whenever);  —  6bi 
if  {with  hypothetical  condi- 
tions); —  6bi  He  but  for; 
—  HATH  TyAa,  to  tojibko 
ceftqac  if  we  [you]  are  to  go 
there,  we  {you]  must  do  it 
now;  --  noexaib  k  neiviy 
ceflqac,  to  m6>kho  aacTaxb 
ero  if  you  [we,  I]  go  to  his 
place  now  you  [we,  I]  will 
find  him  at  home. 

ecT  [yest,  -zd]    see  ecTb  1. 

ecT^CTBeHH  I  biH  [yi^s^t^es'^t''- 
v^mniy]  a  sh  f  ecTecTBen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  natural  {1)  science, 
etc;  2)  death,  etc;  3)  state, 
gesture,  etc);  —  bie  fioraTCTsa 
natural  resources  /  wealth. 

ecTecTB03HdHHie  [yis^'t^ist- 
VAznan^'iya]  n  -a  natural 
science;  natural  history. 

ecTb  I  [yes^t^]  imperf  cm, 
euib,  ecT,  eAHM,  eAHTe  caht, 
p  eJi,  eJia,  imp  euib,  cbiecib 
[s^yes^t*"]  perf  1.  Q2i\{l)chew 
and  swallow;  2)  take  food); 
2.  {no  perf)  make  smart  {of 
smoke,  etc). 

ecTb  II  [yes'^t^]  pres  of 
6biTb  I  1.  as  a  link-verb:  xh- 


mhh  --  HayKa  chemistry  is 
a  science;  2.  there  is,  there 
are;  h3  3Toro  noJioJKeuHn 
—  BbixoA  there  is  a  way  out 
of  this  situation; 
II  impers  1.:  y  mghh  [y  Hero 
u  m.  d.]  —  3Ta  KHHra  I  have 
[he,     etc,    has]      this    book; 

3Ta    KHHPa     --      B     6H6jIHOTeKe 

they  have  this  book  at  the 
library. 

e(})peHTop  [yi^fr^eytar]  m 
-a,  -OB  lance-corporal;  US 
private  1st  class. 

exarb  [yekhat*']  imperf  eAy, 
eAeuib,  p  exetJi  a  concrete  move-, 
ment  in  a  definite  direction 
[cf  e3AHTb]  1.  drive,  ride  {in 
a  car,  etc);  go  {by  train,  sea, 
etc);  2.  go,  leave  {for)  {in  a  ve- 
hicle) H  eAyaaBipa  I'm  leav- 
ing tomorrow. 

exHAH|biH  [yi^kh^idniy]  a 
sh  f  exHACH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  mali- 
cious, spiteful;  caustic,  ven- 
omous. 

eiu,e  [yi^sh'':6]  adv  1.  some 
more;  ~  pas  once  more; 
^  TpH  AHH  three  more  days; 
~  OAHH  one  more,  another; 
another  one;  hto  ^?  what 
else?;  —  MT6-HH6yAb  some- 
thing else;  --  h  -~  again  and 
again;  more  and  more;  — - 
cTOJibKo  >Ke  as  much  again; 
as  many  again;  2.  {with  comp) 
still,  even;  3.  still  {up  to 
the  present  time  or  time  in 
question);  yet  {with  negations); 
~  hqt  not  yet;  Bce  —  still 
{up  to  the  present  time  or 
time  in  question);  noKa  •—  so 
far,  for  the  present;  mh  -^ 
,  ycnecM  we've  got  enough  time, 


eio 


116  -^ 


we  still  have  time;  there's 
no  hurry  (about  it);  4.  as 
far  back  as,  only  {yesterday, 
etc); 


<>  ~  6bil  col  I  should    think 
so!,  you  bet! 

eio    [yeyu]    instr    of    ona; 
see  OH. 


>K 


}K  \  see  me  I. 

m  II  see  me  II. 

3Ka6|a  [zhaba]  /  -u,  ~  toad. 

}Ka6p|bi  [zhabril  pi  ^, 
-au  {sing  iKa6p|a  /  -u)  gills 
{of  fish,  etc). 

«aBopoH|oK  [zhavarsnak, 
-g]    m    -Ka,    -kob    (sky)lark. 

>KaAH|biH  [zhadniyl  a  sh  f 
TKP.jxeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  (-bi)  greedy; 
covetous  {avaricious). 

msi7Kjx\a.  [zhazhda]  /  -u 
thirst  {also  fig);  HcnbiTbiBaxb 
~y  be  thirsty;  yroJiHib  — y 
quench  one's  thirst;  ~-a  ana- 
HHH  thirst  for  knowledge. 

waji  I  [zhall,  wajia  [zhala] 
see  JKaxb  I. 

mdJi  II  [zhal],  JKBJia  [zhala] 
see  ^aib  II. 

JKajijCTb  [zhi^i'^et^]  imperf 
-eio,  -eeiiib,  noj^KajieTb  [pa- 
zhi'-'Pet^]  perf  1.  feel  sorry 
for,  pity;  2.  be  sorry  {that), 
regret  {that);  3.  spare  (ef- 
forts, etc);  grudge  (wS  y, 
etc). 

>Kaji|HTb  [zhal**it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b, 
ylJKajiHTb  [uzhal^it^]  perf 
sting  {of  bees,  etc);  bite  {of 
snakes). 

>KajiK|HH  [zhalk'^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  H<ajioK,  -a,  -o. 
-H    1,    pitiful,    pitiable;     2. 


wretched,  poor,  shabby;  HMeTb 
—  HH    bh;i  cut  a   poor  figure; 
3.  miserable  {coward,  etc). 
}KajiKO  [zhalka]  impers  pre- 

die  =:7KaJlh. 

)Kajilo  [zhala]  n  -a,  ^ 
sting  (of  a  bee,  etc). 

)Kajio6|a  [zhalaba]  /  -bi,  ^ 
complaint. 

>Kajio6H|biM  [zhabbniy]  a 
sh  f  >Kajio6eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  sor- 
rowful, mournful;  sad,  plain- 
tive, doleful; 

<>    ~aji     KHHra     complaints 
book. 

>KajiOBaHb|e  [zhabvan^ya]  n 
-H  salary. 

wa^njOBaTbCji  [zhabvattja] 
imperf  -yKXih,  -yeuibCH,  p 
-OBajiCH,  -OBaJiacb,  imp  -yft- 
CH,  -yHxecb,  no|>KajiOBaTbC{i 
[pAzhabvattja]  per/ complain, 
make  complaints;  —OBaxbCH 
B  cyA    go    to  law. 

wajiocTib  [zhabs^t^,  -z^'d^j 
/  -H  pity  {for  smb,  etc);  hc- 
obixbisaxb    qyBCXBo    —  h    feel 

pity. 

Majib  [zhaP]  impers  pred- 
ic  1.:  MHe  ~  xe6H  [ero 
u  m.  d.]  I  feel  sorry  for  you 
[him,  etc];  ^  ero!  poor  beg- 
gar!, he  is  much  to  be  piti- 
ed!; 2.  it  is  a  pity;  —  xepHxb 
BpewH     it's     a     pity /shame 


~  117 


)Ke 


to  waste  tirrie;  3.:  eMy  [eft 
u  m.  d.]  ^  AeHer  he  [she, 
etc]  grudges  the  money;  eiviy 
[efl  u  m.  5.]  —  3T0  naJibTo 
he  [she,  etc]  spares  this  coat; 
4.:  --,  mo...  f^cjiH...]  it  is 
a  pity  that...  [if...]. 

)Kap  [zhar]  m  -a  1.  heat 
(warmth);  2.  high  tempera- 
ture, fever;  y  pe6eHKa  ^  the 
child  has  a  high  tempera- 
ture; 3.  fig  heat,  ardour; 
<>  HyjKHMH  pyKaMH  ^  sarpe- 
6aTb  =  make  a  cat's-paw  of 
other  people. 

wapji  [zhAra]  /  -bi  heat 
{warmth);  cTOHjia  CHJibHan 
'-a  there  was  a  great  heat, 
the  days  were  very  hot. 

jKdpeHbifl  [zhar^iniy]  a 
fried;    roast(ed)    {meat,    etc). 

jKapJHTb  [zhar^it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Hiub,  p  Hji,  imp  -b, 
aajiKjlpHTb  [zAzhar^it^]  perf, 
HSJHiapHTb  [izh:ar^it^]  per} 
fry;  roast  {meat,  etc). 

jKapKiMH  [zhark^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  s^apoK.  -a,  -o 
-H  1.  hot  {day,  weather,  etc); 
tropical  {countries,  etc);  2. 
fig  hot;  heated. 

jKapKJoe  [zhArkoya]  n  -oro 
roast  (meat). 

jKaxBJa  [zhatva]  /  -bi,  ~ 
reaping;  harvest. 

jKaxb  I  [zhat^]  imperf 
jKMy,  H^Meuib,  p  H<aji,  :a^ajia, 
imp  >KMH  1.  press,  saueeze; 
squeeze  out  {juice,  etc);  2. 
pinch,  hurt  {of  foot-wear);  be 
too  tight  {of  clothes). 

jKarb  II  [zhat^]  imperf 
>KHy,  jKHeuib,  p  jKaJi,  xcajia, 
imp    JKHH,    ciKaJTb     [zh:at^j 


perf  coH^Hy,    coJKHeuib,  p    -Ji, 
-jia,  imp  co>KHH  reap,  cut. 

mm  [zhg^i]  see  menb. 

mrjia.  [zhgla]  see  me^b. 

jKry  [zhgu]  see  meHh. 

mjidTb  [zhdat^]  imperf  mjiy, 
JKAeuib,  p  TKjxaji,  yKjiajia,  mjxk- 
Jio,  7Kji,aJiii,  imp  ^AH  1.  wait, 
wait  for;  await;  aacTasHTb 
Koro-Ji.  — '  make  smb  wait; 
keep  smb  waiting;  2.  expect 
{look  forward  to); 
<>  Bp^MH  He  )KfleT  time 
presses;  ~  He  jxomjiaTbcn 
wait  impatiently;  xoro  h 
7Km  at  any  moment;  on  the 
point    of... 

me  I  [zha],  m  [zh,  sh]  cj 
denoting  1.  contrast:  Tbi  ocxa- 
eaficH,  H  me  yfi^y  you  stay 
here  and  I'll  leave;  ecjiH  >Ke 
Tbi  He  ocTaneuibCH...  but  if 
you're  not  going  to  stay...; 
H  >K  He  BoapajKaK)  but  I  have 
no  objections;  2.  addition: 
Korjia  OH  npHiiieJi,  npHuieji 
>Ke  OH  paHO,  Mbi  HaMajiH  3a- 
HHMaTbCH  when  he  came,  and 
he  came  early,  we  began  to 
study. 

me  II  [zha],  m  [zh,  sh] 
part  denoting  1.  intensifica- 
tion: KOFAa  7K  Tbi  jxauib  mhc 
KHHry?  when  will  you  give 
me  the  book,  after  all?, 
whenever  will  you  give  me 
the  book?;  hah  ^e  cKOpee 
be  quick;  roBOpHTe  >Ke  will 
you  speak,  after  all?;  h.  cAe- 
Jiaio  9T0  ceftqac  me  I'll  do 
it  right  now,  I'll  do  it  now 
without  fail;  nosBOHHie  eMy, 
OH  me  AOKTOp  ring  him  up, 
he   is   a    doctor,    isn't    he?^ 


wee 


118  — 


ring  him  up,  after  all  he  is 
a  doctor;  2.  sameness:  stot 
>Ke,  TOT  >Ke,  TaKOH  me  the 
same;  TaM  me,  sAecb  >Ke  at 
the  same  place,  in  the  same 
place;  TaK  >Ke  in  the  same 
way;  b  to  me  BpeMH,  Tor^a 
me  at  the  same  time;  Ty^a 
>Ke  to  the  same  place. 

^eeaxb  [zht^vat^]  imperf 
myio,  H<yemb,  p  jKeeaji,  imp 
jKyii  chew  {with  the  teeth); 
ruminate  (of  animals). 

mer    [zhok,    -g]    see   me^h. 

)KejiaHH|e  [zhi'^lan^'iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  wish,  desire;  npH 
BceM  '-H  no  matter  how 
much  I  want  to;  no  ero  [ee 
u  m.  d.]  ~-K)  in  accordance 
with  his  fher,  etc]  desire;  at 
his  [her,  etc]  request;  no  --kd 
by  request;  2.  lust  {a  sensual 
desire). 

xejijaTb  [zhi^lat^l  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  nolwejiaTb  [pa- 
zht^lat^]  perf  1.  wish,  want, 
desire;  —  aTb,  qT66bi  kto-ji. 
CAeJiaji  qTO-Ji.  wish  /  want  smb 
to  do  smth;  2.  wish  {smb 
smth);  ^aio  cqacTbn!  good 
luck!;  ~aK)  y^aqH  /  ycnexa! 
good  luck!; 

<>  ocTaejiHeT  —arb  Jiymuero 
leaves    much    to    be  desired. 

}Kejie3|a  [zhaPi^za]  /  -bi, 
pi  meJieshi,  meJiea,  -m  anat 
gland;  noj^meJiyAOHuaa  ^a 
pancreas. 

wejiesHOAopojKHHK  [zhal^'iz- 
nadArozhn^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
railwayman. 

}Kejie3HOjiop6)KHlbiH  [zha- 
TiznadArozhniy]  a  railway 
iattr);    US    railroad    {attr)\ 


~biH  nyTb  (railway)  track; 
~oe  nojioTHo  permanent 
way;  US  right  of  way  {for 
railroad  tracks);  —-uh  yaeji 
(railway)  junction. 

«e.ie3H|biH  [zht^l'^eznty]  a 
iron  {also  fig); 

<>  —  asi  Aopora  railway;  6^5 
railroad;  no  --oh  Aopore  by 
train, 

)Kejie3|o  [zhi^I'^eza]  n  -a 
iron  {a 'metal). 

HtejiesoCeroH  [zhi^Pezab^i®- 
ton]  m  -a  ferro-concrete,  re- 
infprced  concrete. 

mejio6  [zholap,  -b]  m  -a,' 
pi  meJio6a,  mejio66B  gutter, 
trough. 

jKejiTJoK  [zhi^ltok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KbB  yolk. 

3KejiT|biH  [zholtiy]  a  sh  f 
~,  jKejiTa,  -o  (jKeJiTo),  -u 
(jKejiTfai)  yellow  {colour). 

jKejiyAloK  [zhi'^ludak,  -g]m 
-Ka,  -KOB  stomach;  necBape- 
HHe  --Ka  indigestion. 

jKejiyAOHHbiH  [zhi^ludach^- 
nty]    a    stomachic;    gastric. 

»ejiyA|b  [zholut*',  -d**]  m 
-H,  pi  -H,  jKejiy^eH,  HceJiyflHM 
acorn. 

»ejmH|biH  [zholch^'niy]  a 
sh  f  s<eJiMeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1. 
bilious  {pertaining  to  bile); 
~biH  nySbipb  gall-bladder; 
2.  fig  bitter,  bilious;  ~biH 
HeJiOBeK  acrimonious  man. 

)KejiH|b  [zholch'',  -j^]  /  -H 
gall,  bile  {also  fig). 

iKCMHyr  [zhemch^uk,  -g]  m. 
-a,  pi  -a,  -OB  pearl(s)  {gems). 

>KeMHy}KHH|a  [zht^mch^'u- 
zhina]  /  -bi,  ~  pearl  (/)  a 
gem;  2)  the  finest    example). 


119 


)KeH|a  [zhi^na]  /  -bi,  pi 
5KeHbi,  ^eH,  jKCHaM  wife  {a 
married  woman). 

>KeHaT|biH  [zhi^natty]  a  sh 
f  ~,  [no  /,  n),  -bi  married 
{of  a  man). 

>KeHH  b6|a  [zhi^n^id^ba]  / 
-bi,  ~   marriage. 

weK  HTbCM  [zht^'n^itts9]  perf 
&  imperf  -ibcb,  JKeHHUibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  mar- 
ry, get  married    {of   a  man). 

iKCHMx  [zht'^n^ikh,  -gh]  m 
-a,  -6b  bridegroom;  fiance; 
OHH  ~  H  HCBecTa  they  are 
engaged. 

jkchckIhh  [zhensk^iy]  a 
-aa,  -oe,  -He  1.  female;  wom- 
an's, women's;  ladies';  girls' 
{school,  etc)',  womanlike;  2. 
ling  feminine. 

^teHCTBCHHbiH  [zhenstv^m- 
niy]  a  feminine,  womanlike. 

weHmHHJa  [zhen''sh*':in9]  / 
-bi,  ~  1.  woman;  2.  married 
woman. 

jKepji'ib  [zhert'',  d^]  /  -h,  pi 
-w,  -efi  pole,  perch. 

mepeSeHJOK  [zhar^i^b^'dnak, 
-cj]  m  -Ka,  pi  >Kepe6HTa,  ;Ke- 
pe6HT  foal. 

wepTBJa  [zhertva]  /  -bi,  -- 
1.  sacrifice;  victim  {to  a 
deity,  etc);  npHHocHTb  ~y 
make  a  sacrifice,  offer  a 
sacrifice  {to  smb);  npHHOCHTb 
HTO-ji.  B  ~y  sacrifice  smth. 
make  a  sacrifice  of  smth;  2. 
victim  {of  an  accident,  etc); 
ciaTb  ~0H  qero-Ji.  [kopo-ji.] 
fall  a  prey  to  smth  [smb], 
fall  a    victim  to  smth  [smb]. 

>KepTB|oBaTb  [zhertyvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiub,  p   -OBaJi, 


imp  -yfl,  noijKepTBOBaTb  [pA- 
zhertyvat^]  perf  1,  sacrifice, 
offer  (up),  give  (up);  2.  make 
a   donation  of,    endow. 

HcecT  [zhest,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  gesture  {also  fig). 

»ecTK|HH  [zhosk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  hccctok,  jKecTKa, 
-o,  -H  1.  hard,  stiff;  —oe 
MHco  tough  meat;  ~oe  Kpecjio 
unupholstered  chair;  ~He 
BOJiocbi  coarse  hair;  2.  fig 
tough  {policy,  etc);  3.  fig  rig- 
id, strict  {terms,  etc). 

wecTOKJHH  [zht^^stok^'iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  jKecxoK, 
-a,  -o,  -H  1.  cruel;  brutal; 
2.  fig  severe  {frost,  pain, 
etc);  savage  {resistance,  etc); 
hard  {fighting,  etc);  brutal 
{exploitation,  etc). 

jKecTOKocTlb  [zhi^stokas^t**, 
-z^d^]  /  -H,  -efi  cruelty;  bru- 
tality. 

Hcecrlb  [zhes't^,  -z^d^]  / 
-H  tin(-plate). 

jKeHb  [zhech'']  imperf  jKry, 
JKJKemb,  »<}KeT,  jkhccm,  mme- 
re,  mryj,  p  mer,  jKPJia,  imp 
JKFH,  c>Ke4b  [zhrech^j  perf 
cojKry,  cojKmeuib,  p  cJKer,  co- 
TKFjia,  imp  cojKFH  1.  burn  (coa/, 
etc);  perf  also  burn  up;  2. 
{no  perf)  burn,  be  very    hot 

WHBH    [zhtv'i]    see   >KHTb. 

)KHB|6ft  [zhJvoy]  a  sh  f  -^y 
-a,  5KHB0,  JKHBbi  1,  alive, 
living;  2.  lively,  vivid;  3. 
lively,  animated,  brisk;  ~6h 
oTKJiHK  ready  response;  -~6e 
Aejio  live  work;  ~6e  yqac- 
THe  active  part; 
<>  —  bie  uBCTbi  natural  (low- 
ers;   '^    H   SAOpoB   $afe   and 


JKHB 


—  120  — 


sound;  ocTaibCJi  b  ~bix  sur- 
vive, escape  with  one's  life; 
saflCTb  sa  -~6e  sting  to  tlie 
quick;  Ha  — yio    HMTKy  col  = 

anyhow,  hastily. 

MHBOnHCHJblft         [zhiVAp^is- 

niy]  a  sh  f  H^HBonHcen,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  picturesque. 

»HBonHc|b  [zhivap^is^.  -z^] 
/  -H  1.  painting  {an  art);  2. 
paintings,  pictures. 

iKHBOT  [zhivot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  stomach,  belly. 

)khbothob6actb|o  [zhWat- 
HAVotstva]  n  -a  animal"  hus- 
bandry, cattle-breeding. 

wHBOTHloe  [zhivotnays]  n 
-oro,  -faix  animal. 

)KHBy  [zhivu],  }KHBeuib  [zW- 
v'osh,  -zh]  see  mmh. 

»HAKJHH  [zhltk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  jkh^ok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  liquid  {soap,  air,  etc); 
2.  thin,  weak,  watery  {milk, 
coffee,  porridge,  etc);  3.  thin, 
scanty,    thinning    {hair,   etc). 

wHAKocTlb  [zh+tkas^t'', 

-z^'d^]  /  -H,  -efl  liquid  (a  sub- 
stance). 

)KH>Ke  [zhfzht^]  comp  of  >kha- 
KHH  &  corresp   adv. 

iKH3HeHHlbiH  [zhiz^n^mniy] 
a  sh  f  >KH3HeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.:  ~biH  onbiT  life  experience; 
knowledge  of  life;  —bifl  nyxb 
life  {of  a  person);  ~bie  chjim 
vitality;  ~biH  ypOBeHb  stand- 
ard of  life;  2.  fig  vital, 
fundamental,  of  vital  impor- 
tance. 

>KH3H|b  [zhiz'^n^]  /  -11,    -eft 
life;     3apa6aTbiBaTb     na     ~b 
make  one's  living; 
<^   He    Ha    ^b,    a  Ha  cMepTb 


to  the  death;   --b  Sber    kjiio- 

HOM  life  is  in  full  swing. 

iKHJi  [zhil],  mnjia.  [zhila] 
see  mmb. 

)KHji|a  [zhfb]  /  -bi,  ~  1, 
tendon,  sinew;  2.  vein  {a 
blood  vessel);  3.  mining  vein;^ 
lode. 

HiHJier  [zhiPet,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  waistcoat,  vest. 

iKHJijeu  [zhil^et§,  -dz]  m 
-bua,   -buoB    lodger,    tenant. 

iKHjiHm|e  [zhiPish'ia]  n  -a, 
~  dwelling. 

}KHji|Ka  [zhflka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
vein  {J)  a  small  blood  vessel; 
2)  a  particular  character  or 
tendency). 

mHJijOH  [zhiloyj  a  inhabit- 
ed; habitable,  fit  to  live  in; 
~6ft  ;i,0M  apartment  house, 
block  of  flats;  ~6h  KBapiaji 
residential  quarter. 

jKHJinjiomaKJb  [zhilplo- 

sh^iat^,  -d^]  /  -H  (=  jKHJiaH 
njiomajlb)  dwelling  space; 
floorspace;  dwelling,  flat. 

mHJible  [zhil^yo]  n  -h  dwell- 
ing; lodging(s);  habitation. 

map  [zhir]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-hi,  -6b  fat,  grease,  oil;  pbi- 
6hh  —  cod- liver  oil. 

»MpH|biM  [zhi'rniy]  a  sh  f 
>KHpeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  fat  {cov- 
ered with  or  having  much 
fat);  rich  {food);  2.  greasy 
{covered  with  grease);  3.:  —biH 
uipHcJ)!  bold  type. 

>KHTeji|b  [zhft^il^]  m  -fl, 
-eft  inhabitant,  resident;  ro- 
pOACKoft  --b  townsman;  cejib- 
CKHH  ~b  countryman,  villag- 
er; KopeHHoft  -~b  native  {ol 
a  town,  etc). 


—  121  — 


sa 


)KHTejibCTB|o  [zhlt^il^stva] 
n  -a:  mccto  ~a  (place  of) 
residence,  domicile. 

«HTb  [zhit'']  imperf  >KHBy, 

5KHBeiIIb,    p  JKHJl,  HCHJia,  >KHJIO, 

»HJiH,  imp  >KHBH  1.  live; 
2.:  OH  }KHBeT  paSoTOH  his 
work  is  meat  and  drink  to 
him;  3.:  mm  c  hhm  jkhbcm 
ApyJKHO  we  are  oil  friendly 
terms,  my  relations  with  him 
are  friendly. 

JKMH  [zhm^i]  see  >KaTb  I. 

)KMy  [zhmu],  jKMeiub 
[zhm^osh,  -zh]  see  Hcaxb  I. 

»HH  [zhn^i]    see   >KaTb    II. 

jKHy  [zhnu],        >KHemb 

[zhn^osh,    -zh]    see  JKaxb   II. 

jKOHFJiep  [zhAngPor]  m  -a, 
-OB  juggler. 

wpe6H|H  [zhr^eb^iy]  m  -h, 
-eB  1.:  Spocaxb  --ft  cast/throw 
lots;  THHVTb  ~ft  draw  lots; 
2.  fig  fate,  destiny  lot; 
<>  ~H  6p6iiieH  thedie  is  cast. 


wyHOKJdTb  [zhuzh^raf]  im- 
perf -y,  -Hmb,  p  -aji,  imp  -li 
hum  {lik2  a  bee);  buzz,  drone. 

jKyfi  [zhuy]  see  ^esaTb. 

HcyK  [zhuk  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
beetle  {an  insect). 

jKyjibHHHlaib  [zhuPn^i- 
ch^at^]  imperf  -aw,  -aeuib 
col  swindle,  cheat. 

)KypaBJi|b  [zhuravP]  m  -h, 
-eft  crane  (a  6/rd). 

xtypHaji  [zhurnal]  m  -a,  -ob 
1,  magazine,  journal;  2.  reg- 
ister, diary,  journal. 

jKypHajiHCT  [zhurnAl^ist, 
-zd]  m  -a,  -OB  news-man, 
journalist. 

3KyTK|HH  [zhutk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  »:yTOK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  terrible,  uncanny,  sinister. 

jKyK)  [zhuyu],  jKyeiiib  [zhu- 
yosh,  -zh]  see  JKCBaib. 

>KK)pM  [zhur'^i]  n  indecl  ju- 
ry {a  committee  of  examin- 
ers). 


3a  [za;  in  the  first  pretonic 
position  —  za;  in  the  second 
and  other  pretonic  positions  — 
za;  in  a  stressed  position  —  za] 
prep  I  with  instr  denoting  1. 
position,  location  behind,  be- 
yond, or  across  smth:  3a  Ase- 
pbK)  behind  the  door;  3a  Aepe- 
BOM  behind  a  tree;  3a  to66h 
behind  you;  3a  toh  ropKofl 
beyond  that  hill;  3a  peKofi 
across  /  beyond  the  river;  3a 
yrjioM  round  the  corner;  3a 
66pTOM  overboard;  2.  position 


close  to  smth  for  the  sake  of 
some  action;  the  state  of  be- 
ing engaged  in  some  action: 
3a  cTOjioM  at  the  table;  at 
table;  CH^eib  3a  khhfoh  be 
reading  a  book,  read  a  book; 
be  at  one's  books;  3a  pa66- 
Toft  at  work;  3a  maxMaxaMH 
at  chess;  npoBOAHTb  BpeMH 
3a  meHHeM  spend  one's  time 
reading;  3.  succession,  se- 
quence, pursuit,  etc:  nepBbiM 
BbicTynnJi  OeTpoB,  3a  hhm 
CasoHOB  the  first  speaker  was 


122  — 


Petrov,  then  spoke  Sazonov; 
Pfinb  3a  AHCM  day  after  day; 
6e>KaTb  3a  kcm-ji.  run  after 
smb;  CJiejioBaTb  sa  kcm-ji. 
[sa^eM-ji.]  follow  smb  [smth]; 
oxoTHTbCH  3a  MCM-ji.  1)  hunt 
smth;  2)  fig  hunt  after/  for 
smth;  4.  purposp  or  aim:  cxo- 

AHTb    3a     MCM-Jl.     [3a     KeM-Jl.] 

fetch  smth  [smb];  nocJiaib  sa 
AOKTopoM  send  for  the  doctor; 
OH  npHuieji  3a  khhfoh  he  came 
to  take /get  the  book;  hohth 
3a  xjie6oM  go  to  buy  some 
bread;  go  {to  the  kitchen,  etc) 
to  fetch  some  bread;  5.  di- 
rection of  an  action:  npHCMai- 
pHBaTb  3a...  take  care  of..., 
look  after...;  keep  one's  eye 
on...;  cjieAHTb  /  Ha6jiioAaTb  3a 
qeM-ji.  [3a  kcm-ji.]  watch 
smth  [smb];  cjieAHTb  3a  mh- 
CTOTOH  see  that  it  is  clean; 
CJieAHTb  /  Ha6;iK)AaTb  3a  no- 
pHAKOM  keep  order;  yxa>KH- 
BaTb  3a  KCM-ji.  1)  nurse  smb, 
tend  smb;  2)  pay  court  to 
smb;  6.  cause  or  reason:  3a 
HeHMeHHCM  for  want  of;  3a 
HeAOCTaTKOM  for  want  of;  3a 
OTcyTCTBHeM  in  the  absence 
of;  for  want  of; 
II  with  ace  denoting:  1.  move- 
ment farther  than  or  to  the 
back  of  smth:  bmhth  3a  Asepb 
leave  the  room  [house,  etc]; 
nocxaBHTb  3a  6y4)eT  put  be- 
hind the  sideboard;  yexaTb 
sa  peKy  go  beyond  the  river; 
saBepHyib  3^  yroji  turn  a 
corner;  Bb'iKHHyTb  3^  6opT 
throw  overboard  {also  fig) ;  2. 
movement  to  the  close  vicinity 
of  smth  for  the  sake  of  some 


action;  the  beginning  of  some 
activity:  cecTb  3a  ctoji  sit 
down  at  a  table;  cecTb  3a 
KHHpy  start  reading  a  book; 
start  working  at  a  book; 
BSHTbCH  3a  padoxy  1)  under- 
take to  do  a  job;  2)  set  about 
some  work;  3.  purpose  or  aim: 
6opb6a  3a  Mnp  struggle  for 
peace;  rojiocoBaxb  3a  mto-.i. 
vote  for  /  in  favour   of  smth; 

4.  the  exceeding  of  some 
quantity,  limit,  etc:  euy  aa 
HHTbAecHT  he  is  over  /  past 
fifty;  3a  nojiACHb  afternoon; 
aa     nojiHOMb    past    midnight; 

5.  distance  from:  sa  jxecHib  kh- 
jiOMCTpoBOT...  ten  kilometres 
away  from...,  at  a  distance 
of    ten     kilometres     from,..; 

6.  time  separating  one  action, 
event,  etc,  from  another:  aa 
ABa  AHH  AO  SToro  two  days 
before  this;  7.  duration  of  an 
action:  OTAOXHyxh  aa  oxnycK 
have  a  good  rest  during  one's 
holiday;  3To  m6>kho  CAejiaTb 
3a  ABa  Maca  this  can  be  done 
in /within  two  hours;  aa  no- 
cjieAHHe  ipH  roAa  for  the  last 
three  years;  aa  nocjicAHee 
BpeMH  of  late;  8.  the  object 
of  a  feeling,  emotion,  etc: 
ApoHcaib  3a  Koro-Ji.  tremble 
for  smb;  paAOBaxbCH  aa  ko- 
ro-Ji.  be  glad  for  smb;  9.  a 
taking,  grasping,  etc,  move- 
ment; a  touching  or  hold- 
ing contact:  B3HTb  kofo-ji.  aa 
uJie^d  take  smb  by  the  shoul- 
der; Aep>KaTb  Koro-ji.  aa, 
pyKy  hold  smb  by  the  hand  J 
arm;  ymHOHyTh  Koro-Ji.  aa 
pyKy  pinch  smb's  hand  /  arm; 


123 


3a6 


flepjKaibCH  3a  mo-ji.  hold  on 
to  smth;  10.  cause  or  reason: 
HarpaAHTb  Koro-ji.  sa  mto-ji. 
decorate  smb  for  smth;  reward 
smb  for  smth;  naKasaxb 
Koro-Ji.  sa  HTo-ji.  punish  smb 
for  smth;  sa  mto?  for  what?; 
why?;  11.  exchange,  compen- 
sation, payment,  etc:  oiAaxb 
[nojiyHHTb]  MTO-Ji.  sa  mo-ji. 
give  [receive  /  take]  smth 
for  smth;  KynHib  sa  nnib 
py6jieH  buy  for  five  roubles; 
sa  nojiueHbi  at  half-price;  12. 
substitution,  performance  of 
smb  else's  functions:  h  CAejiaio 
3T0  sa  Te6H  I'll  do  it  instead 
of /for  you;  13.  equation  of 
smb's  activity,  work,  etc,  with 
the  usual  quota:  pa66TaTb  sa 
TpoHX  work  enough  for  three, 
do  the  work  of  three; 
III  as  an  adv  predic:  h  uejin- 
KOM  sa  3T0  I  'm  all  for  it;  h  — 
sa  col  I  don't  mind,  I  agree, 
I'm  for  it; 

<>  sa  ropofl  to  the  country, 
out  of  town;  sa  ropo;ioM  in 
the  country,  out  of  town;  sa 
py6e»(6M  abroad  {in  foreign 
lands). 

3a...  pref  J  of  verbs  denot- 
ing t.  beginning  of  an  ac- 
tion: saneTb  [zAp^et^j  begin 
to  sing;  2.  completion  of  an 
action:  sanbijiHibCH  [zap U^i- 
ttja]  become  dusty;  3.  an  in- 
tensive and  vigorous  action; 
an  action  overdone:  saKopMHTb 
[zakArm^it^j  overfeed;  sapa- 
CoxaTbCH  [zarAbotattja]  over- 
work oneself;  4.  the  fact  that 
an  action  is  directed  behind 
or  beyond  smth:   saexaib   sa 


AOM  ride  behind  a  house; saHiH 
sa  yroji  turn  a  corner;  saro- 
HHTb  [zagAn^at^j  drive  in 
{cattle;  a  nail, etc),  5.  an  action 
done  in  passing:  saflxH  sa 
KCM-Ji.  call  for  smb  {to  take 
him  away)', 

1 1  of  nouns  &  adjectives  denot- 
ing position,  location  behind^ 
beyond,  or  across  smth:  sape^be 
[zAr^ech^ya]  part  of  a  town, 
etc,  on  the  other  side  of  the 
river;  sanncxbe  [zAp^as^t^ya] 
wrist;  saropoAHbiH  [zagarad- 
niy]  out-of-town  {attr),  coun- 
try {attr). 

3a6aBji|aTbCH  [zabAvPattja] 
imperf  -HKXib,  -HeiubCH  amuse 
oneself;  make  merry. 

3a6aBH|biH  [zAbavnty]  ashf 
sa6aBeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  amusing; 
funny. 

saCacTloBaxb  [zabastAvat^] 
perf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -oeaji,  imp 
-VH  go  on  strike,  down  tools, 
come  out. 

3a5acT6B|Ka  [zabAstofka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  strike  {of  work- 
ers). 

3a6HB|axb  [zab^ivat^j  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  3a6|HTb 
[zAb^if^]  perf  -bib,  -beuib,  p 
-Hji,  imp  -eft  1.  drive  in 
{nails,  etc)',  drive  {nails,  etc, 
into  smth)',  2.  stop  up,  nail 
up  {a  window,  etc)',  nail  down; 
3.  sport  drive  {the  ball  into 
the  goal)',  score  (a  goal);  4. 
{no  imperf)  gush  {of  oil). 

3a6HHTOBaxb  see  6HHX0Baxb. 

3a6HTb  see  3a6HBaxb. 

3a6jiaroBpeMeHHo  [zablagA- 
vr^em^mna]  adv  in  good  time, 
in   advance;   ahead   of  time. 


3a6 


—  124  — 


3a6ji|y;i,HTbC5i  [zablud^ittsa] 
perf  -yH<ycb,  -y;iHiiibCH,  p  -y- 
;iHjiCH,  -yAHJiacb,  imp  -yAHCb, 
-yflHiecb  .lose  one's  way,-  get 
lost. 

3a6jiy7Kji\aTbca  [zabluzhda- 
ttja]  imperf  -anxF,  -aeiufcCH  be 
mistaken,  err. 

3a6jiy«fleHH|e  [zabluzhd'^e- 
n**iy9]  11  -H,  -H  error,  mistake, 
delusion. 

3a6ojieBaHH|e  [zabaPi^va- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  disease. 

3a6ojieB|aTb  [zabal^i^vat^] 
imperf  -k\o,  -aeuib,  3a6ojie|Tb 
[zabAl^et^]  perf  -lo  -emb,  p 
-j\,  imp  -H  fall  ill. 

3a6ojieTb  I  see  sadojieeaTb. 

3a6ojie|Tb  II  [zabA^et^] 
perf  -K),  -eiiib,  p  -ji,  imp  -ft 
begin  to  hurt,  begin  to  ache. 

3a66p  [zAbor]  m  -a,  -ob 
fence  (a  barrier). 

3a66T|a  [zAbota]  /  -bi,  ~  1. 
concern  {for),  care  {for,  of); 
6biTb  0Kpy>KeHHbiM  ~oS  be 
given  every  support  /  encour- 
agement; 2.  anxiety,  con- 
cern; ~bi  no  xosHHCTsy  house- 
keeping duties. 

3a66jTHTbc»  [zAbot^itt^a] 
imperf  -Mycb,  -THmbCH,  p  -thji- 

CH,       -THJiaCb,         imp         -TbCH, 

-Tbiecb,  noi3a66THTbCJi  [pazA- 
bof'ittja]  perf  1.  take  care 
{of),  show  concern  {for),  look 
{after);  2.  trouble  {about). 

3a66TjiHB|biH  [zAbotl'^iviy] 
a  sh  f  --,  -a,  -0,  -bi  solicitous 
considerate,  thoughtful. 

3a6pacbiB|aTb  I  [zAbrasi- 
vat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  3a- 
6poc|aTb  [zabrAsaf"]  perf  -aio, 
-aeuib:      saSpocaxb     Koro-Ji. 


KaMHHMH  stone  smb;  3a6po- 
caTb  ueexaMH  pelt  smb  with 
flowers;  3a6pocaTb  BonpocaMH 
ply  with  questions. 

3a6pacbiB|aTb  II  [zAbrasi- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sa- 
6p6c|HTb  [zAbros^it^]  perf 
3a6p6uiy,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  1.  throw  /  hurl  /  cast  far 
away;  cyAt.6a  3a6p6cHJia  er6 
B  9T0T  ropoA  fate  has  brought 
him  to  this  town;  2.  neglect, 
abandon;  give  up,  drop. 

3a6pocaTb  see  3a6pacbi- 
Baib  I. 

3a6p6cHTb  see  3a6pacbi- 
Baxb  II. 

3a6biB|aTb[zabivat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aemb,  3a6|biTb  [zAbtt^] 
perf  y^y,  -yAeiiib,  p  -biJi, 
imp  -yAb  1.  forget;  neglect 
{to  do  smth);  ne.  3a6biTb  6bi 
(MHe)...  I  must  remember 
to...;  2.    leave  behind,  leave. 

3a6bIBHHB|bIH  [zAbifch^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
forgetful  {easily  forgetting); 
absent-minded. 

saSbiTb  see  3a6biBaTb. 

3aBdpHB|aTb  [zAvar^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  3aBap|iiTb 
[zavAr'^it^]  perf  -ib,3aBapHiiib, 
p  HJi,  imp  -H  make,  brew 
{tea,  etc); 

<>  saBapHTb  Kdmy  col  ^  stir 
up  trouble,  start  trouble, 
make  a  mess. 

3aBe;ieHH|e  [zav^i^d^'en^lya] 
n  a,  -H  institution,  estab- 
lishment; Bbicmee  yqe6Hoe 
~e  higher  educational  insti- 
tution.   ' 

3aBeA|oBaTb  [zAv^edovat*"] 
imperf  -yp,  -yeuib,  p    -oBaji, 


—  125  — 


sas 


imp  -yH  be  in  charge  of, 
manage,    be   at   the  head  of. 

saBCflyiomlMH  [zAv^eduyu- 
sh^:iy]  m  -ero,  -hx  manager, 
chief,  head. 

saeesTH  see  aasosHTb. 

saBepSoB^Tb  see  Bep6oBaTb. 

saBepHTb  see  BasepflTb. 

saBepHyxb  see  saBepTbiBaib. 

saBepTbiBJaxb  [zAv^orti- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sa- 
BepnlyTb  [z9v^i^rnut^]  perf 
-y,  -eiub,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1. 
wrap  up,  wrap;  2.  screw  up 
(a  nut,  etc);  ^axb  Kpan  turn 
off  a  tap;  3.  roll  up,  tuck 
up;  4.  turn  (to  the  left,  etc); 
saBepnyTb  aa  yroJi  turn  a  corn- 
er. 

3aBepui|aTb  [zav^i^rshat^] 
imperf  -^lo,  -^euib,  saBcp- 
uj|HTb  [zav^i^rshit^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  complete, 
conclude. 

saBCpl^Tb  [zav^i^r^at^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heiub,  saBeplHTb 
[zAv^er^it^]  perf  -lo,  -uuih,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -b  1.  assure  (smb); 
2.  witness,  certify. 

saBecHTfa    see    saBeiUHBaTb. 

saBCCTH  see  saBOAHTb. 

saBeuiUB  I  arb  [zAv^esh  ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  saBeclHXb 
[zAV^es^it^]  perf  saBemy, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  curtain 
off,  curtain;  veil,  cover  {a 
portrait,  etc). 

3aBemaHH|e  [z9v^i^sh^:a- 
n'iys]  n  -h,  -h  will  {at 
death);  will    and    testament. 

saBemiaxb  [zav^i^sh^iat^] 
perf  &  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub  be- 
queath; devise,  leave  by 
will. 


3aBHB|aTbC5I  [z9v^ivatts9] 
imperf    -aiocb,    -aeiubcn,    sa- 

B|HTbCfl  [ZAV^lttj9]  perf -bVJCh, 

-bembCH,  p-HjicH,  -HJiacb,  -h- 
Jiocb,  -HJiHCb,  imp  -eficH, 
-eiiTecb  1.  curl /frizzle  one's 
hair;  have  one's  hair  curled/ 
frizzled;  2.  curl,  wave  {of 
hair) . 

3aBHB|Ka    [ZAV^ifk9]    /     -KH, 

-OK  1.  curling,  frizzling  {the 
act  of);  2.  wave  {hair-do). 

SaEHAlOBaXb      [ZAV^id9V9t^] 

imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yfl,  noisacHAOBaTb  [p9- 
ZAV^id9V9t^]  perf  envy,  be 
envious  of;  (h)  ne  ~yio  efl 
[cMy  u  m.  d.]  I  wouldn't  be 
in  her  [his,  etc]  place. 

3aBHc|eTb  [zAv^is^it^]  im- 
perf saBHuiy,  -Hiub,  p  -eJi  de- 
pend {he  caused  or  controlled 
by);  H  c^eJiaio  Bce,  hto  ot 
MeHH  ~HT  I'll  do  all  in  my 
power. 

3aBHCHM0CTlb  [ZAV^lS^l- 

m9s^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -H  depend- 
ence {on  circumstances,  etc); 
<>  B  ~H  OT...  depending 
on...,  subject  to... 

SaBHCTJlHBlblH       [ZAV^lS^Pi- 

viy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
envious. 

3aBHCT|b  [zav^is^t^,  -z^'d^] 
/  -H  envy  {a  feeling). 

3aB6Tbcfl    see    saBHBaTbCH. 

3aB6i^  I  [zAv6t,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
factory,  mill,  works;  refinery; 
KHpnHHHbiH  ^  brick-field; 
caxapHbiH  —  sugar  refinery; 
nocJie  ujKOJibi  oh  nomeJi  na 
~  when  he  had  finished 
school  he  became  a  (factory) 
worker. 


3aB 


126  — 


SEBOA    II    [zAVot,  -d]   m  -a 

1.  winding  mechanism;  2. 
winding  up  {of   a   timepiece). 

saBOflJMrb  [zavAd^it^]  im- 
perf  3aB0}Ky,  aaBOAHUib,  p 
-H.n,  imp  -H,  saBejcTH  [z9- 
^bjegbj-bjj    pg^^  .^^^  -Aeuib,  p 

aaeeJi,  -Jia,  /mp  -ah  1.  bring, 
lead  [smb  somewhere);  take, 
lead  {smb  somewhere)  {both 
on  foot,  to  the  wrong  place  or 
very  far);  2.  acquire,  buy;  3. 
establish,  introduce  {a  rule, 
etc);  4.  start  (a  business,  con- 
versation, etc);  5.  wind  up 
{a  timepiece);  start  {an  en- 
gine). 

saBocBarb  see  saBoeBbieaTb. 

saBoeBUBJaTb  [zavAyovt- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib  sa- 
BojeBaTb  [zavayi^vat^]  perf 
-K)io,  -ibeiiib,  p  -CBaji,  imp 
-K)H  J.  conquer  {a  country, 
etc);  2.  fig  win  {freedom,  a 
victory,  etc);  imperf  also  try 
to  win,  struggle  for. 

3aB03|HTb[z9VAz*'ft^]  imperf 
3aB0>Ky,  3aB63Hmb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H,  3aBe3|TH  [zav^i^s^t^i] 
perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  3aBe3,  -jia, 
imp  -H  1.  bring;  take  {both 
by  vehicle,  on  one's  way,  very 
far,  or  to   the   wrong   place); 

2.  supply,  deliver;  bring  {sup- 
plies). 

3aB0paHHB|aTb  [zavArach^'i- 
vat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib=3a- 
BepTbiBaTb. 

saBxpa  [zaftra]  adv  tomor- 
row; ~yTpOM  tomorrow  morn- 
ing; ~  HOMbK)  tomorrow 
night  {after  midnight);  ao  — 
till  tomorrow  [also  see  <>]; 
<^  AO  ^  see  you  tomorrow, 


saBTpaK  [zaftrak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  breakfast;  lunch;  luncheon. 

sasTpaKlaTb  [zaftrakat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  noisaBTpa- 
Kaxb  [pAzdftrakat^]  perf  have 
breakfast. 

3aBTpauiHHH  [zaftrashn^iy] 
a  tomorrow's. 

3aBsi3aTb    see    3aBfl3biBaTb. 

3aB^3|Ka  [zAV^aska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  string,  lace;  2.  begin- 
ning of  the  plot  {of  a  novel, 
etc). 

3aB^3biBlaTb  [zAv^'azlvat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  3aB$i;3aTb 
[zav^'i^zat^]  perf  -my,  saBH- 
jKeiub,  p  -3aJi,  imp  ->kh  1. 
tie  up;  tie  {smth  with  a 
string,  etc);  knot;  —atb  6o- 
THHKH  lace  up  one's  shoes; 
2.  start  {a  conversation,  etc); 
set  up  {an  acquaintance,  etc). 

3aBflHyTb  see  BHHyib. 

saraAJKa  [zAgatka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  riddle,  puzzle;  2.  mys- 
tery, enigma. 

saraAOHHlbifl  [zAg^dach^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  saraAoqen,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  mysterious,  enigmatic. 

sarap  [zAgar]  m  -a  sun- 
burn, tan. 

3arjiaBHie  [zAglav'iya]  n 
-H,  -H  title,  heading. 

sarjiaAHTb  see  3arAa}KH- 
Baxb. 

3arjid}KHB|aTb  [zAgl^zht- 
vat*']  imperf  -aro,  -aeuib,  sa- 
rjiaA|HTb  [zAglad^it'']  perf  3a- 
rAa>Ky,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp  -b 
1.  iron  down,  press;  smooth 
down;  2.  fig  make  amends 
for;  expiate;  3arJiaAHTb  BHHy 
redress  one's  wrong  act,  re- 
deem one's  fault. 


—  127  — 


3afl 


sarjiyuilaib  [zaglushat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  aarjiy- 
lu'iHTb  [zaglushlt^]  perf  -y, 
-Hiufa,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  muf- 
fle, deaden  {a  sound);  drown 
(a  sound);  2.  //g  still,  soothe 
(a  pam,  e^c);  suppress  {one's 
feelings);  3.  //^  choke,  sup- 
press, stifle  (a  protest,  etc); 
4.  jam  {broadcasts). 

sarjiMflbiBJaTb  [zAgl^adi- 
vat*']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sa- 
rjiJiH|yTb  [zagl^i^nut^]  per/  -y, 
aarJiHHeiub,  p  -yji,  /mp  -h 
1.  peep  in;  peep  {into);  glance 
in,  look  in;  glance  {into), 
look  {into);  2.  col  call,  drop 
in  {at  a  place,  at  smb's  place); 
call  {on  smb); 

<>  ^aib    enepcA   anticipate, 
look  forward. 

aaroBop  [zagavar]  m  -a, 
-OB  plot,  conspiracy;  6biTb  b 
—e  plot  {against). 

sarojiOBlcK  [zagAlovak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  headline;  title, 
heading. 

3aropa}KHB{aTb  [zagArazht- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  sa- 
ropofl|HTb  [zagarAd'^it^]  perf 
3aropo>Ky ,  3arop6;iHmb  (-riuib), 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  fence  in; 
enclose  (a  garden,  etc);  2. 
block  up,  bar  {the  entrance, 
etc);  stand  {in  smb's  light); 
barricade. 

aaropjaTb  [zagArat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiiib,  aaropl^xb  [zagA- 
r''et^l  perf  -ib,  -Hiub,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H  get  sunburnt;  imperf 
also  bask  in  the  sun. 

saropojiHTb  see  saropajKH- 
BaTb. 

3aroTaBJiHB|aTb  [zagAtavl^i- 


vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sa- 
roTOBiHTb  [zagAtov^it*"]  perf 
-jiio,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1. 
lay  in,  store  up,  stock  up; 
2.  prepare  {in  good  time). 

3aroT6BlKa  [zagAtofka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  storage;  rocy^apcT- 
BeHHbie'  ~KH  state  purchases 
{of  agricultural  produce). 

3arpaHHHHbiH  [zagrAn^ich''- 
nty]  a  foreign  {goods,  etc); 
foreign-made;  ~  nacnopx 
passport  (/or  going  abroad). 

3arrfl5r;HTb  see  rpHSHHTb. 

sarc  [zaks,  -gz]  m  -a,  -ob 
registry  office,  registrar's 
office. 

sajiaJBaTb  [zadAvat^]  imperf 
-K),  -eiiib,  p  -Baji,  imp  -Baft, 
saAJaTb  [zAdat'']  perf  -aM, 
-aiiib,  -acT,  -aAHM,  -a^HTe, 
-aAyi,  p  saAaji,  -ajia,  aa^ajio, 
saAaJiH,  imp  -aft:  —BaibypoK 
Ha  AOM  give  /  assign  a  home- 
task  /  home-work;  mo  aaAaHO 
Ha  ceroAHH?  what  is  the 
home-work  for  today?;  aa^axb 
aara^Ky  set  a  riddle; 
<>  aa^axb  Bonpoc  ask  a 
question;  --BaTb  toh  set  the 
tone  /  fashion;  a  reoe  aa^aiwl 
col  I'll  give  you  what-for!, 
you'll  catch  it! 

aaflaHHJe  [zAdan^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  task,  job;  no  -— lo  kofo-ji. 
on  smb's   instructions. 

saAaTJoK  [zAdatak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  pi  -KH,  -KOB  1.  advance, 
deposit,  earnest;  2.  pi  in- 
clinations {for),  makings  {of), 

aa^arb  see  saAasaTb. 

saAanja  [zAdach^a]  /  -h,  ^ 
1.  problem  {a  difficult  ques- 
tion);    sum    (a    problem     in 


safl 


128 


arithmetic);  2.  task,  aim, 
object;  oMepeAHan  ~-a  imme- 
diate task;  nocxaBHTb  ~y 
nepeA  KeM-Ji.  set  smb  a  task; 
ueJiH  H  —  H  aims  and  purposes. 

saAeBJaTb  [zad^i^vat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  saAJeTb 
[zAd^et^]  perf  -eny,  -eHeiiib, 
p  -en,  imp  -enb  1.  touch,  in- 
jure slightly  (said  of  a  mov- 
ing object);  come  (against), 
brush  (against);  be  caught 
(in);  knock  (against);  2.  fig 
hurt,  offend. 

saACpataTb  see  3aAep}KH- 
Baxb. 

3aAep)KHB|aTb  [zAd^erzhi- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  3a- 
Aep>K|aTb  [zad^'i^rzhat^]  perf 
-y,  3aAep>KHmb,  p  -aJi,  imp 
-H  1.  delay,  detain,  keep  off; 
keep  back,  retard;  —  axbpas- 
BHXHe  hamper  the  develop- 
ment   (of);   2.  arrest,  detain. 

3aAeTb  see  3aAeBaxb. 

saAHJHH  [zad^n^iy]  a  back, 
hinder,  rear;  hind; 
<>   ~flji   Mbicjib    secret    pur- 
pose, ulterior  motive;  noMe- 
THTb  -^HM   HHCjiOM    antedate. 

3aA6ji2KeHHOCT|b  [zAdolzhan- 
nas^'t*',  -z^d'']  /  -h,  -efl  debts, 
liabilities,  arrears. 

saAoxHyTbCJi  see  saAHxaxb- 

CH. 

saAyMaxb   see  saAyMbmaxb. 
saAyMaxbCfl     see     3aAyMbi- 

BaXbCH. 

3aAyMMHB|biH  [zAdumch^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
thoughtful,  pensive;  melan- 
choly. 

saAyMbielaxb  [zAdumivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  saAyMJaxb 


[zAdumat^]  perf  -aio,  -aeuib 
1.  plan,  conceive;  2.  intend, 
have  the  intention  (to  do 
smth). 

saAyMbiBJaxbCJi  [zAdumiva- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiib- 
CH,  3aAyM|axbcji  [zAdumattsa] 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH  fall  to 
thinking,  become  thoughtful; 
be  thoughtful;  be  lost  in 
thoughts;  muse,  ponder,  med- 
itate; o  MeM  xbi  aaAyMaJiCH? 
what  are  you  thinking  of?; 
<>  He  ~ajicb  without  a  mo- 
ment's hesitation. 

saAyuiHTb  see   AyuiHXb. 

saAbixjaxbcsi  [zadtkhattsg] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  3a' 
AOXHlyibca  [zsdAkhnuttja] 
perf  -ycb,  -euibCH,  p  -yJiCH, 
-yjiacb,  imp  -iicb,  -Hxecb 
choke,  suffocate  (also  fig); 
pant  (breathe  hard);  gasp  lor 
breath;  --axbCH  ox  rneBa  [ox 
CM^xa  u  m.  n.]  choke  with 
anger  [laughter,  etc]. 

3ae3Klaxb  [zayi^zh^iaf*] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  saexjaxb 
[zAyekhat^]  perf  3aeAy,  sa- 
eAeuib,  p  -aji  1.  come  (by 
vehicle)  and  stay  (with  smb 
or  at  a  place  for  a  short  time); 
call  on  the  way  (by  vehicle, 
on  smb  or  at  a  place);  visit 
(smb  or  some  place);  2.  get 
(somewhere,  into),  reach  (some 
place)  (by  vehicle,  very  far  or 
the  wrong  place);  3.  fetch 
(smb),  call  (for  smb)  (by  ve- 
hicle, on  one's  way);  4.  go; 
come  (both  round,  from  the 
left  or  the  right,  or  from  be- 
hind); 3aexaxb  3a  yroJi  turn 
a  corner  (in  a  vehicle). 


—  129 


saji 


sacM  [zAyom]  m  aaftMa,  pi 
saHMbi,  saHMOB  loan  {of  mon- 
ey). 

aaexaxb  see  saesKaxb. 

samapHTb  see  H^apHTb. 

saataxb  see  sajKHMaib. 

3a%e4b  see  aajKHraxb. 

3a}KHB|aTb  [z9zhtv^t^]  im- 
perf  -aex,  sajKJ^Tb  [zAzhtt^] 
perf  -HBCT,  p  3a>KHJi,  -HJia,  sa- 
yKHJio,  saMCHJiH  heal,  close,  be- 
come well  {of  wounds,  etc). 

3aasHraji|Ka  [zazhigalka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  (cigarette-)lighter. 

sajKHrjaTb  [z9zhtgat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  3a3K|eHb 
[zAzhech^]  perf  -ry,  -}Kemb, 
-mo-T,  -H^exe,  -rvT,  p  -er,  -rjia, 
imp  -FH  light  {a  candle,  a  fire, 
etc);  —  axb  sJieKXpHHecTBO  / 
CBex  turn  on  the  light;  sa- 
HiCHb  cnH^Ky  strike  a  match. 

3a»HM|axb  [zazhimat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  saacjaxb  [za- 
zhat^]  perf  -My,  -Meiub,  p  -aji, 
imp  -MH  1.  clutch,  squeeze; 
sajKaxb  B  pyKe  grip  close 
one's  hand  over;  2.:  '-axb 
Koc  hold  one's  nose;  ^axb 
yiuH  stop  up  one's  ears;  3. 
fig  suppress  {criticism,  etc); 
keep  down  {initiative,  etc); 
<>  3a»axb  pox  KOMy-ji.  col 
stop /shut  smb's  mouth. 

3a3KHXOHH|bIH       [ZAZhltsCh^- 

nly]  a  sh  f  sa^KHxoHeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  well-to-do,  prosperous. 

3a%HXb  see  sajKHsaxb. 

sasHaJBaxbcsi  [zaznAvattja] 
imperf  -locb,  -euibCH,  p  -Baji- 
C5I,  -BaJiacb,  imp  -BaftcH, 
-Baftxecb,  3a3H|axbC5i  [zAzna- 
ttsa]  perf  -aiocb,  -aeuibcn  col 
be  too  proud  of  oneself,  think 


no  small  beer  of  oneself;  put 
on  airs,  give  oneself  airs. 

3aHK|axbC5i  [zaikattsa]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  sa- 
HKH|yxbCfl  [zaiknuttsa]  perf 
-ycb,  -embCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb 
1.  {mostly  imperf)  stutter; 
stammer,  hesitate  in  speak- 
ing; 2.  mention,  touch  {upon). 

sai^McxBJOBaxb  [zAimst- 

yvat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-OBa Ji,  imp  -yft,  nojsaHMCXBo- 
Baxb  [pazAimstyvat^]  perf 
adopt,  borrow. 

3aHHxepec|oBaxb  [zain^t^ir^i- 
sAvat^]  perf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yft  cause  to  take 
interest,  interest;  excite 
{smb's)  curiosity;  mchh  -^OBa- 
Jia  axa  KHHra  I  took  an  in- 
terest in  that  book. 

3aMHxepec|oBaxbcji  [zain^t^i- 
r^isAva-ttja]  perf  -yiocb,  -yeiiib- 
CH,  p  -OBaJicH,  -OBaJiacb,  imp 
-yflcH,  -yuxecb  get  inter- 
ested {in),  take  an  interest 
{in).  ^ 

saHCKHBJaxb  [zAisk^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib:  --axb  ne- 
pe^  KCM-ji.  fawn  upon  smb, 
curry  favour  with  smb. 

3aHMa  [zayma],  3aHM0B 
[zaymaf,  -v]  see  aaeu. 

saHMH  I  [zAym^i]  imp  of 
saHHXb;  see  3aHHMaxb  I. 

3aHMH  II  [zAym^i]  imp  of 
3aHHXb;  see  3aHHMaxb  II. 

3aKMHCb  [zAym^'is^,  -z^], 
safiMHxecb  [zAym^it^is^,  -z^j 
imp   of    saH^xbCH;    see   saHH- 

MaXbCH. 

3aHMy  I  [zAymu],  3aJiMeuib 
[zAym^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  per- 
sons of  3aHflTb;  see  saHHMaxb  I, 


saH 


130  — 


saHMy  II  [zAymu],  safiMeuib 
[zAym^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2  nd 
persons  of  saHHTb;  see  saHH- 
Maxb  II. 

safiMycb  [zAymus'',  -z^j, 
saMMeuibca  [zAym^oshs^a]  1st 
&  2nd  persons  of  saHHTbcn; 
see  aaHHMaxbCH. 

safiTH  see  aaxoAHXb. 

saftua  [zaytsa],  safiueB  [zay- 
tsaf,  -v]  see  aanu. 

Sanaa  [zAkas,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
order  {made  at  a  store,  etc); 
Ha  ~  (made)  to  order;  (made) 
to  measure;  ctoji  -~ob  order 
counter;  order  department. 

sakasaib    see    aaKaabisaxb. 

saKasHHK  [zAkash^:ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  customer,  client. 

saKasbiBlaxb  [zAkazivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  saKaajaxb 
[zakAzat^]  perf  3aKa>Ky,  3a- 
KajKeiub,  p  -aji,  imp  aaKajKH 
order  {dinner,  etc);  saKasaxb 
6HJiex  book  a  ticket. 

saKajieHHbiH  [zakAl^onniy] 
a  {pa\  sh  f  saKaJicH,  saKaJiena, 
saKajiCHO,  saKajieHb'i  hardened 
{also  fig);  tempered  {steel). 

saKaHHHBiaxb  [zAkan^ch^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sa- 
KOHHJHXb  [zAkon^ch^it'']  perf 
-y,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  fin- 
ish, end,  complete;  conclude 
(a  speech,  etc). 

3aKaHHHB|axbC5i  [zAkan''- 
ch^ivattja]  imperf  -aexca,  sa- 
KOHwlHxbCH  [zAkon^'ch^itlsa] 
perf  -HXCH,  p  -h;ich,  -HJiacb 
come  to  an  end,  finish;  end 
{in,  with). 

3aKax  [zAkat,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  sunset;    Ha  -^e  at    sunset; 

2.  fig  decline. 


3aKJiaAbiB|axb  [zAkladivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  3aji03K|Hxb 
[zalAzhit^]  perf  -y,  aaJio- 
jKHiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  put, 
lay  {mostly  behind  smth.  or 
deep  into  smth);  put  in,  push 
in;  put  {into),  push  {into); 
2.  mislay,  put  {in  the  wrong 
place  making  it  difficult  to 
find);  3.  place /put  a  (book-) 
mark  at  a  page;  mark  (a 
page);  4.  stop  up,  fill  up  {a 
void  or  an  opening);  5.  heap, 
pile  {with  smth);  6.  lay  the 
foundation  of  {a  house,  etc); 
lay  the  foundation-stone  of; 
7.  pawn;  mortgage;  8.  impers 
col:  ewiy  [une  u  m.  d.]  sajio- 
>kh;io  hoc  [vuih]  his  [my, 
etc]  nose  is  [ears  are]  stuffed. 

3aKjieHB|axb  [zAkPeivat*"] 
imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,  3aKji6|HXfa 
[zAkPeit^]  perf  -lo,  -Huib 
glue  up;  seal  up  {a  window, 
envelope,  etc). 

saKjiefiMHXb   see   KJieflMHXb. 

saKjnoHJaxb  [zakl'^uch^at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  3aKJiH)H|iiTb 
[zakl^uch^it'']  perf  -y  -Huib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.:  ~axb  b 
xiopbMy  imprison,  put  into 
prison;  —axb  noA  cxpan^y 
take  into  custody;  2.  close 
(down),  wind  up  {a  speech, 
etc);  3.  conclude,  infer,  gath- 
er; 4.  conclude  {peace,  a 
treaty,  etc);  contract  {a  loan, 
etc);  ~axb  napH  bet,  make  a 
bet;  5.  {no  perf)  contain 
{meaning,  words,  etc);  —  axb 
B  ce6e  contain  {meaning, 
words,  etc). 

3aKjiK)H|aTbCJi  [zakPuch^'a- 
ttja]  imperf  -aexcfl  consist  (m), 


—  131  — 


saK 


be;  m,€jio  — aeicn,  b  tom,  hto... 
the  thing /point  is  that... 

3aK.iM)HeHM|e  [zakl^'uch^e- 
n^iys]  n  -h,  -h  1.  imprison- 
ment; confinement,  detention, 
commitment;  iiojKHSHeHHoe 
~e  life  imprisonment;  2.  con- 
clusion {of  a  treaty,  etc); 
3.  conclusion,  inference;  find- 
ings, resolution; 
<>    B   — e  in  conclusion. 

3aKJiK)HeHHlbiH  [zakl^'u- 

chMnniy]    m    [pa]   -oro,   -bix 
prisoner,  convict. 

3aKJiK)HUTejibH|biH  [zakPu- 
ch'^it^il'^niy]  a  final  {concert, 
etc);  concluding  {remarks,  etc). 

saKjiioHHTb  see  saKJiioHaTb 
1.  2,  3.  4. 

saKOH  [zAk6n]  m  -a,  -ob 
law  {1)  of  a  state;  2)  of  na- 
ture, etc;  3)  of  honour,  etc); 
act,  statute;  cboa  ~ob  stat- 
ute-book, code;  no  -~y  ac- 
cording to  the  law; 
O  o6-b5iBHTb  BHC  -~a  outlaw, 
proscribe. 

saKOHHibiH  [zAkonniy]  a  sh 
f  saKOHCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  legal 
{actions,  etc);  legitimate, 
lawful  {also  fig). 

saKOHOAaTejibHibiH  [zakanA- 
dat^il^nly]  a  legislative. 

3aK0H0MepH|biH  [zakanA- 
m^ernty]  a  sh  f  saKOHOMepeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  natural,  regular, 
law-governed. 

saKOHonpoeKT  [zAkonaprA- 
ekt,  -gd]  m  -a,  -ob  bill  {a 
proposed  law). 

saKOHHHTb  See  saKaH^HBaxb. 

saKOHMHTbCJi    see    saKaHHH- 

BaTbCH. 

saKpeniiTb  see  aaKpenjiSTb. 


3aKpenji|HTb  [zakr^i^pPat^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  saKpenJHTb 
[zakr^i^p^it'']  perf  -jik>,  -riiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  fix,  fasten, 
secure;  2.  consolidate  {success, 
positions,  etc). 

3aKpbiB|aTb  jzakrivat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aemb,  3aKp|biTb 
[zAkrit^]  perf  -oio,  -oeuib,  p 
-hiji,  imp  -OH  1.  shut,  close; 
~aTb  Ha  saMOK  lock  (up) 
{the  door,  etc);  ~aTb  Ha  sa- 
coB  [Ha  ?.ajiBH>KKy]  bolt  {the 
door,  etc);  —  ajb  Ha  KpioqoK 
hook  {the  door,  etc);  saKpb'iTb 
KpbiuiKy  close  the  lid;  aa- 
Kpb'iTb  KpbiujKofl  put  the  lid 
on    (a    stew-pan,     jar,    etc); 

2.  cover    (up)     {thoroughly); 

3.  shut  off,  turn  off  {the  gas, 
etc);  4.  lock  in,  lock  up  {smb 
in  a  room,  etc);  5.  close,  break 
up  /  off  (a  meeting,  etc);  6. 
shut  down,  close  down  {an 
enterprise,  etc);  suppress  (a 
publication); 

O  —aib  rjia3a  na  hto-ji.  shut 
one's  eyes  to  smth;  — arb 
pOT  KOMy-ji.  shut  smb  up,  si- 
lence smb. 

3aKpbiT|bifl  [zAkritiy]  a  [pa] 
sh  f  -~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  closed; 
--oe  saceAaHHe  closed  meet- 
ing; private  /  secret  session; 
<>  B  —CM  noMemeHMH  in- 
doors. 

saKpbiTb  see  saKpbmaTb. 

saKycHTb    see    saKycbisaTb. 

3aKyc|Ka  [zAkuska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  hors  d'oeuvre,  appetizer; 
snack,  bite;  refreshments; 
xoJiOAHan  -~Ka  cold  dish, 
hors  d'oeuvre;  ropaqaH  --Ka 
hot  appetizer;  na  --Ky  for  an 


saK 


132  — 


hors  d'oeuvre  [also  see  <>]; 
<>  Ha  ~Ky  for  a  titbit. 

3aKycoHH|aH  [zAkusach^- 
naya]  /  -oh,  -lix  snack  bar. 

3aKycbiB|aTb  [zAkusivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  saKycjMTb 
[zakus^if^]  perf  saKyiuy,  3a- 
kycHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  1.  have 
a  snack;  2.:  ~aTb  pbi6oH 
have  some  fish  {with  one's 
brandy,  etc). 

aaji  [zal]  m  -a,  -ob  hall  (a 
large  room  or  building);  ~ 
o^HAaHHH  waiting-room; 

waiting-lounge. 

sajiHB  [zAl^if,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
bay,  gulf. 

3ajiHB|aTb  [zal^ivat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  saji'iMTb  [zAl^it^] 
perf  -bK),  -beuib,  p  sajiHJi  (-hji), 
-HJia,  saJiHJio  (-HJio),  saJiHJiH 
(-hjih), /mp -eft  1.  flood,  inun- 
date; 2.  fig  fill  with  [fresh  air, 
sun,  etc);  3.:  saJiHXb  ctoji  qep- 
HHJiaMH  spill  ink  on  the  table; 
4.:  ~aTb  ac4)aJibT0M  lay  as- 
phalt {over  a  road). 

sajior  1  [zAlok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  deposit,  guarantee;  se- 
curity, caution  money;  ocxaB- 
jiHTb  B  ~  leave  as  a  deposit; 
noA  —  on  a  deposit;  on  the 
security  (o/);  2.  //g  guarantee, 
pledge. 

sajior  II  [zAlok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  ling  voice;  cipa^aTejib- 
Hbifl  ~' passive  voice. 

3aJiOH(MTb  see  saKJiaAbiBaib. 

3aji6)KHHK  [zAlozhn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  hostage. 

sajin  [zalp,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
volley,  salvo;  ^aTb  ~  fire  a 
volley/  salvo. 

3aMaHHB|aTb  [zAman^'ivat^J 


imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  3aMaH!HTb 
[zamAn^it'']  perf  -lo,  3aMa- 
HHUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  decoy 
[into),  entrap;  entice  Jure, 
attract. 

3aMaHHHB'jbiH  [zAman^ch^i- 
vty]  a  sh  f  --,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
tempting,  alluring. 

3aMacKHpoBaTb  see  MacKH- 
pOBaxb. 

3aMeAJiHTb    see    saMeA^iHib. 

3aMeAJi|flTb  [zam^i^dPat^] 
imperf -iv),  -nemb,  3aMeflJi|HTb 
[zAm^edPit^]  perf  -k),  -Huib, 
-HJI,  imp  -H  slow  down;  retard, 
delay. 

3aMeH|a  [zAm^'ena]  /  -bi,  ~ 

1.  replacement,   substitution; 

2.  substitute. 
saMeHHTb  see   saivieHHTb. 
3aMeH|flTb        [zam^i^n^at^] 

imperf  -hk),  -Heuib,  3aMeH!HTb 
[zam^i^n^it'']  perf  -ib,  saMe- 
HHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  re- 
place, substitute;  2.  take  the 
place  of;  oh  saMeHHJi  pe6eHKy 
OTua  he  was  a  father  to  the 
child. 

3aMep3|aTb  [zam^i^rzat**] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  3aMep3l- 
Hyxb  [zAm^orznut^j  perf  -ny, 
-Heuib,  p  ~,  -Jia,  imp  -hh 
freeze  up,  become  frozen;  be 
frozen;  die  of  cold. 

3aMecTMTejilb  [zam^i^s^t^i- 
t^iP]  m  -H,  -eft  deputy  {act- 
ing for  another). 

saivieTHTb  see  aaMenaTb. 

3aMeT|Ka  [zAm^etka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  paragraph,  short  item 
{in  a  paper);  2.  note  {a  short 
record). 

3aMeTH|biH  [zAm^etniy]  a 
sh  /  aaMeren,  -a,  -o,    -ti  vis- 


—  133  — 


3aH 


ible,  noticeable;  appreciable, 
marked. 

saMeHaHHJe  [zam^i^ch^a- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  remark, 
observation;  2.  reprimand, 
reproof;  cAeJiaxb  --e  KOMy-ji. 
rebuke  /  reprimand  /  reprove 
smb. 

aaMeHaTejibHJbiH  [zam^i^- 
ch^'at^iPniy]  a  sh  f  saMe^a- 
TeJieH,  ra,  -o,  -bi  wonderful, 
remarkable,  splendid. 

saMeHJaxb  [zam^i^ch^at^] 
intperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  saMeilHTb 
[zAm^et^it^]  perf  saivieqy, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  notice, 
see,  get  siglit  of;  2.  take  no- 
tice of,  mark;  3.  remark,  ob- 
serve. 

3aMemaTejibCTB|o  [zam^i^- 
shat^il^'stva]  n  -a  confusion, 
embarrassment;  npHBecra  b 
~o  throw  into  confusion; 
npHHTH  B  —o  become  embar- 
rassed /  confused. 

saMcmldib  [zam^i^sh^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib  1.  replace, 
substitute;  2.  .act  for    {smh). 

3aMKHyT|biH  [zamknutiy]  a 
[pa]  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,-  -u  1.: 
—  bifl  Kpyr  exclusive  circle; 
2.  reserved  {disposition,  etc); 
^biH  66pa3  JKH3HH  a  secluded 
life. 

3aMloK  [zamak,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  castle  (a  fortress;  resi- 
dence) . 

3aM|6K  [zAmok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  lock  {to  fasten  doors^ 
etc);  padlock. 

3aM0JiKlaTb  [zamAlkat^]  im- 
perf -aro,  -aeuib,  saMOjiKJHyTb 
[zAmolknut^]  perf  -Hy,  -neuib, 
p  --,  -Jia,  imp  -HH,  3aM0JiH|aTb 


[zamAlch^at^]  perf  -y,  -rimb, 
p  -aji,  imp  -H  become  silent; 
stop  speaking  [singing,  read- 
ing, etc];  break  off,  cease  {of 
a  conversation,  etc). 

saMOposKlH  [zamarask^i]  pi 
-OB  slight  frosts. 

3aMy}K  [zamush,  -zh]  adv. 
BbiHTH  -^  3a  Koro-Ji.  marry 
smb  {of  a  woman);  BbiAaib  ~ 
marry  off  {a  woman). 

3aMy>KeM  [zamuzham]  adv. 
oHa  ~  she  Is  married;  6biTb 
~  3a  KeM-Ji.  be  married  to 
smb  {of  a  woman). 

saMyHHTb  see  My^HTb. 

saMbicjeji  [zamis^d]  m  -Jia 
-JiOB  intention,  plan;  scheme, 
conception;  npecxynHbift  -~eJi 
criminal  design. 

saMbicjiHTb  see  saMbiuiJiHTb. 

3aMb]uiJi|flTb  [zamishl^at^] 
imperf -iio,  -Hemb,  saMbicji'iHTb 
[zAmis^l^it^]  perf  -k>,  -Huib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  contemplate, 
intend,  plan;  hto  bh  —  nexe? 
what  are  you  up  to? 

saHaeec  [zanav^is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  curtain  {a  cloth);  ony- 
cTHTb  —  drop  the  curtain. 

3aHaBec|Ka  [zanAv^eska]  / 
-KH,  -OK  curtain(s)  {at  a  win- 
dow or  door);  saAepnyib  —  Ky 
draw  the  curtain(s). 

SaHCCTH    SSe   3aH0CHTb. 

3aHHM|aTb  I  [zan^imat**] 
imperf  -an),  -aeuib,  3aH|flTb 
[zAn^at^]    perf    3aiiMy,    aaft- 

MeUlb,  p  SaUHJI,    -HJI^,   3aH5IJI0, 

aauHJiH,  imp  aaPiuE  borrow 
{money,  etc). 

3aHHMlaTb  II  [zan^imat^] 
imperf  -aro,  -aeuib,  sanj^Tb 
[zAH^at^]    perf    saiiMy,    aaH- 


-  134 


Meiub,  p  aaHHJi,  -HJia,  saHHJio, 
saHHJiH,  imp  safiMH  1.  occupy; 

KapTHHbl       ~aJlH       BCK)      CTCHy 

the  pictures  took  up  the 
whole  wall;  ~aTb  A6Ji>KH0CTb 
hold  an  office/  a  post;  2.  en- 
gage, keep,  secure  (a  seat, 
etc);  3.:  sto  aafiMeT  HCMHoro 
BpeMeHH  it  won't  take  much 
time. 

3aHHM|aTbCfl  [zan^imattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  3a- 
HlflTbCH  [zAn^attja]  perf  saft- 
Mycb,  saHMeiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  saiiMHCb,  saHMH- 
xecb  1.  be  engaged  {in),  en- 
gage {in),  be  occupied  {with); 
indulge  {in);  devote  oneself 
{to);  go  in  {for);  2.  do,  be 
busy  {with);  be  busy  {doing 
smth);  study  {medicine,  etc); 
perf  also  take  up  {a  question, 
etc);  neM  bm  ^aexecb?  what 
are  you  doing?;  what  do  you 
do?;  3.  {no  perf)  study  {at 
school,  etc). 

saHOBO  [zanava]  adv  anew. 

saHOBJa  [zAnoza]  /  -u,  ^ 
splinter  {a  sharp  piece  of 
wood,  etc). 

aaHocJHTb  [zanAs^it^] /mpe/-/ 
saHOuiy,  saHocHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H,  aaHcclTH  [zan^'i^s^t^i] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  saHec,  -Jia, 
imp  -H  1.  bring  {1)  smth 
somewhere  or  to  smb,  mostly 
on  one's  way;  2)  smb  to  a 
remote  or  strange  place); 
2.  register,  enter  {in  the 
minutes,  etc);  3.:  bck)  Aopo- 
ry  sanecjio  chcfom  the  road 
is  snow-bound. 

3aH6cHHB|biH  [zAnosh^'-.ivly] 
a  sh  J;  '^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  arrogant, 


insolent;  overbearing,  haugh-        I 
ty.  1 

3aHflTH|e  [zAn'^at^iya]  n  -h, 
pi  -n,  -H  1.  seizure,  occupa- 
tion; 2.  occupation,  business, 
work,  pursuit;  3.  pi  studies, 
lessons;  qacu  ~h school  hours. 

3aHnTH|biH  [zAn'^atniy]  a 
sh  f  saHHTeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  amus- 
ing, entertaining. 

aaHHTOH  [zan^i^toy]  a  busy 
{man). 

saHHxIbiH  [zan^at+y]  a  [pa] 
sh  f  — ,  -a,  -0,  -bi:  xbi  — ? 
are  you  busy?;  Mecxo  —o  the 
seat  is  occupied;  ~o!  en- 
gaged!, the  line  is  busy!  {in  a 
telephone  call);  na  sxom  saBo- 
Ae  ~o  ABe  xbicHMH  pa66qHX 
two  thousand  workers  are  em- 
ployed in  this  factory. 

saHMxb  I  see  saHHMaxb  I. 

3aHflXb  II  see  sauHMaxb  II. 

3aHnTbCH  see  saHHMaxbCH 
1.  2. 

saoAHo  [zAAdno]  adv  1.  in 
concert  {with),  together,  at 
one  {with  smb);  2.  col  at  the 
same  time,  while  one  is  about 
it;  KynH  xjie6a,  a  ~  saftAH 
sa  KHHFOH  go  and  buy  some 
bread,  and  fetch  the  book,  too. 

saocxpHxb  see  saocxpnxb. 

3aocxp|Hxb  [zAAstr^at^]  /m« 
perf  -HK),  -Heiub,  3aocxp|Hxb 
[zAAstr^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Huib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  sharpen  (a 
pencil,  etc);  2.  fig  stress, 
emphasize;  ~HXb  BHHMaHHe 
Ha  qeM-ji.  direct  one's  [smb's] 
attention  to  smth. 

3a6HH|biH  [ZAoch^nty]  a 
correspondence  {attr)  {teach- 
ing, courses,  etc). 


—  135  — 


san 


Sanaa  [zapat,  -d]  m  -a 
west;  Ha  ~e  in  the  west;  na 
^  OT...  to  the  west  of...; 
exaTb  Ha  -—  go  to  the  west. 

sanaAHbiH  [zapadniy]  a 
west,  western;  occidental. 

3anaflH|H  [zapAd^n^a]  /  -i5, 
-eft  trap,   snare,   pitfall   {also 

aanac  [zApas,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  stock,  supply,  reserve;  ne- 
npHKocHOBeHHbiH  -^  emergen- 
cy  store;    emergency   ration; 

2.  mil  reserve;  yeojiHTb  s  -^ 
discharge;  dismiss;  transfer 
to  the  reserve. 

sanacjdTb  [zapAsat^]  irnperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  3anac|TH  [zapAs^- 
t^i]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  aanac, 
-jia,  imp  -H  lay  in  a  stock, 
stock    up,   store  (up),  hoard. 

3anac|aTbCfl  [zapAsattja] 
imperf  -^locb,  -aembCH,  aa- 
naclxHCb  [zapAs^'t^is^]  perf 
-ycb,  -eiiibCH,  p  aanaccH, 
-jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -iiTecb  lay 
in  {for  the  winter,  etc);  pro- 
vide oneself  with  (cer/Z/Zra/es, 
etc); 

<>  ~aTbcii  repn^HHCM  be  pa- 
tient, arm  oneself  with  pa- 
tience. 

sanacHJofl [zapAsn6y]  &  3a- 
nacHbifl  [zApasnIy]  a  spare 
{parts,  etc);  ~6h  HrpoK  sub- 
stitute {in  games);  sanacHbifl 
BbixoA  emergency  exit. 

3anacTH  see  sanacaxb. 

aanacTHCb  see   aanacaibCH. 

3anax  [zapakh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-OB  smell,  odour. 

sanaHKaTb  see  na^KaTb. 

aanepexb  see  sanHpaxb. 

sanepexbCfl  seesanHpaxbCH. 


3anHp|axb  [zap^irat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  3anep|eTb 
[zap^i^r^et^]  perf  sanpy,  sa- 
npeiub,  p  sanep,  -jia,  sanep- 
jio,  sanepjiH,  imp  sanpH  1. 
lock  {the  door,  etc);  ~axb  na 
sacoB  [na  sa^BiiJKKy]  bolt 
{the  door,  etc);  ~a.xb  na  Kpio- 
^6k  hook  {the  door,  etc);  2, 
lock  in,  lock  up. 

3anHp|axbCH  [zap^irattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  sa- 
nep |eTbc$i  [zap^i^^r^'ettja]  perf 
sanpycb,  sanpeiubcn,  p  -ch, 
-jiacb,  -jiocb,  -JiHCb,  imp  sa- 
npHCb,  sanpHxecb  lock  oneself 
up. 

sanHcaxb  see  sanHCbmaxb. 

sanHcJKa  [zAp^'iska]  /  -kh', 
pi  -KH,  -OK  1.  note  {a  very 
short  letter);  2.:  AOKJiaAHaK 
~Ka  memorandum,  written 
report    {to    one's   chief,   etc); 

3.  pi  notes  {for  a  speech,  etc); 

4.  pi  memoirs;  5.  pi:  yqenbie 
~KH  transactions. 

sanHCbiBJaxb  [zAp^islvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sanHcjaxb 
[zap^isat^]  perf  sanHiuy,  sa- 
HHmeiub,  p  -&Ji,  imp  sanHuiH 
1.  put  down,  take  down, 
write  down;  jot  down;  put  on 
record;  2.:  ~axb  na  nJieHKy 
record  (on  tape),  make  a 
recording  {of  smth);  3.  enter 
{on  a  list);  register  {in  the 
minutes,  etc). 

sanHcjb  [zap^is^,  -z^]  /  -h, 
-eft  1.  writing  down;  2.  re- 
cording {on  tape,  etc);  3.  en- 
try {in  a  book,  etc). 

aanjiaxja  [zAplata]  /  -bi,  -^ 
patch  {on  a  hole);  b  ~ax  all 
patched. 


san 


—  186  ^ 


san.iaTHTb  see  njiaxHTb. 

3anoBe;;HHK  fzapAV^'ed^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  preserve;  reserve, 
reservation. 

sanosflajiwH  [zapAzdaliy]  a 
belated,  delayed. 

sanoJiHHTb   see    aanojiHHTb. 

3anojiH|nTb  [zapAln^'at''] 
imperf  -hio,  -neiiib,  sanoji- 
HlHTb  [zApoln^it^]  perf  -k), 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  fill  (up, 
in);  pack  {a  hall,  etc). 

sanoMHHJaTb  [z9p9m^inat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  sanoM- 
HjHTb  [zApomn^it^]  perf  -lo, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  memo- 
rize,  remember. 

3anoH|Ka  [zapanka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  cuff-link. 

sanpCTHTb    see    sanpeinaib. 

sanpeii^jaTb  [z9pr^i^sh^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  sanpe- 
TJMTb  [zapr^i^t^it^]  perf  sa- 
npemy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  forbid;  prohibit,  ban; 
sanpexHTb  raseTy  suppress  a 
newspaper. 

sanpoc  [zApros,  -z]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  inquiry  {an 
official  question);  CAeJiaxb  -- 
ask  [write]  for  information; 
make  an  inquiry  {about)',  2. 
pi  requirements,  needs;  in- 
terests  {spiritual,  etc). 

sanpyflja  [zApruda]  /  -bi, 
--  1.  dam,  weir;  2.  pond 
{formed  by  a  z£;e/r);  mill-pond. 

sanpflrjaTb  [z3pr^i^gat^]/m- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiub,  sanpfllwb 
[zApr^ach^]  perf  -ry,  ->Keiiib, 
-ryx,  p  -r,  -rJia,  imp  -fh 
harness  {a  horse). 

sanycKJaTb  I  [zapuskat^] 
imperf    -aio,     -aemb,    aany- 


crlHTb  [zapus^t^it^]  perf  3a- 
nymy,  sanycTHiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  \.  col  fling,  throw, 
shy  {a  stone,  etc);  2.  start 
{an  engine);  3.  launch  (a 
rocket,  etc). 

3anycK|aTb  II  [zapuskat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  3any- 
CT|HTb  [zapus^t'^it^]  perf  sa- 
nymy,  sanycTHiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  neglect  {one's  household 
duties,  etc). 

sanycTHTblsee  sanycKaib  I. 

sanycTHTb  II  see  sany- 
CKaxb  II. 

3anyTaTbcji      see     sanyibi- 

BaibCH. 

3anyTbiB|aTbCJi  [zAputtva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
3anyT|aTbcn  [zAputattsa]  per/ 
-aiocb,  -aeuibCH  1.  ^tangle, 
get  entangled;  entangle  one- 
self {in  a  net,  etc);  2.  fig 
entangle  oneself  {in  debt,  etc); 
get  into  a  difficult  position; 
3.  fig  confuse  everything 
[things],  get  everything 
[things]  mixed  up. 

3ansiT|afl  [zap^i^taya]  / -68, 
-b'lx  comma. 

3apa6aTbiBlaTb  [zarAbati- 
vat^j  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sapa- 
66T|aTb  [zarAbotat^]  per/-aK), 
-aemb  earn,  make  {money). 

3apa6oT|oK  [zarabatak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  earnings;  jicfkhh 
•~0K  easy  money. 

3apam\dLTb  [zarAzhat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  3apa3|HTb 
[zarAZ^ft^]  perf  3apaH<y,  -rimb, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  infect  {also 
fig);  contaminate;  pollute' 
{the  atmosphere,  etc). 

sapajKJaTbCfl     [zarAzhattsa] 


—  137  — 


sac 


imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  sapa- 
sJHTbcs!  [zarAz^itbsa]  perf 
8apa>Kycb,  -HuibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
catch  [a  disease);  be  infected 
by  (a/so  fig). 

3apajKeHH|e  [zarAzhen'^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  infection  {the  act  or 
state  o/);  contamination;  pol- 
lution [of  the  atmosphere, 
etc);  ~e  KposH  blood-poison- 
ing. 

aapasja  [zAraza]  /  -bi  in- 
fection, contagion  {a  disease). 

sapasHTCJibHlbiH  [zarAz^i- 
t^iPnly]  a  sh  '/  sapasHTCJieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  infectious. 

sapasHTb  see  aapa^Kaib. 

sapasMTbcfl  see  aapajKaxbCH. 

3apa3H|biH  [zArazniy]  a 
sh  f  aapascH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  in- 
fectious, contagious  {disease, 
etc). 

sapanee  [zAran^iya]  adv 
beforehand,  in  advance;  in 
good  time. 

3apeB|o  [zar^iva]  n  -a  glow 
(0/  a  fire,  etc). 

3aperHCTpHpOBaTb    see    pe- 

THCXpHpOBaTb. 

saperHCTpHpoBaxbcsi  see  pe- 

FHCXpHpOBaXbCH. 

3ape3axb  see  pesaxb  2. 

3apHHu|a  [zArn^itsa]  /  -bi, 
—  summer  lightning;  US 
heat-lightning. 

3ap6Abiiii  [zArodish,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  embryo  {also  fig); 
noAasHXb  B  ~e  nip  in  the 
bud. 

3apocji|b  [zaras^l^]  /  -h, 
-eii  brush,  thicket,  under- 
growth. 

3apnjiaT[a   [zArplate]   /  -u 


col  (=  3apa6oxHaH  njiaxa) 
wages;  pay,  salary. 

3apy6e»HbiH  [zarub^ezhnly] 
a  foreign  {country,  etc). 

3apbiB|axb  [zarivat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiijb,  3ap|bixb  [zArtt^] 
perf  -OK),  -oeiub,  p  -biJi,  imp 
-OH  bury  {a  treasure,  etc). 

3SLp\a  [zAr^a]  /  -h,  pi  sopH, 
3opb,  -HM  (aopHM)  1.  dawn, 
daybreak;  sunset,  evening 
glo\v;  Ha  -~e  at  dawn;  2.  fig 
outset,  start; 

<>  ox  ~M  Ao  --H  1)  all  day 
long;  2)  all  night  long;  hh 
cBex  HH  —fl  before  dawn, 
very  early. 

3apflA  [zAr^at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  charge,  load. 

3apsiAHxb  see  sapHjKaxb. 

3apH;i|Ka  [zAr^atka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  loading,  charging;  2. 
sport  setting-up  exercises; 
morning  exercises. 

3apfl>Klaxb  [zar^i^zhat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  sapHAlHxb 
[zar^i^d^if"]  perf  sapHJKy, 
-Huib  (sapHAHUJb),  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  load,   charge. 

3acafl|a  [zAsada]  /  -bi,,'-' 
ambush;  ycxpOHXb  --y  make 
an  ambush.  '•• 

3aceAaHHle  [zas^i^dan^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  sitting,  session, 
conference,  meeting. 

3acjiyr|a  [zAsluga]  /  -h,  — 
service  {to  one's  country,  etc); 
«C>  no  —aM  according  to  smb's 
deserts;  cxaBHxb  KOMy-ji.  b 
— y  put  down  to  smb's  credit. 

sacjiyiKCHH  I  biH  [z/vsluzhaniy  ] 
a  [pa]  1.  well-deserved,  mer- 
ited; 2.  honoured,  merito- 
rious {as  part  of  a  title). 


3a  c 


—  138  — 


3acjiy}KHB|aTb       [zAsluzht- 
V9t^]     imperf      -aio,     -aeuib 
sacjiymJHTb    [zasluzhtt^]  perf 
-y,  sacjiyjKHiub,    p    -hji,   imp 
-H  deserve,  be  worthy  of. 

aacMelHTbCfl  [zasm^i^yattsa] 
perf  -K)Cb,  -embCH,  p  -h;ich, 
-Hjiacb,  imp  aacMeflcjl,  sacMeft- 
Tecb  begin  laughing;  burst 
out  laughing. 

aacHyib  see  aacbinaxb  I. 

sacopHTb  see  aacopHTb. 

3acop|flTb  [zasAr^at'']  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heiub,  sacoplHTb 
[zasAr^'it^]  perf  -ib,  -riiub,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  litter  (up); 
2.  obstruct,  jam  {the  passage 
of  a  tube,  etc);  ~HTb  meJiy- 
ji,OK  constipate  the  bowels; 
cause  constipation;  h  ~hji 
^ejiy^oK  I  have  constipation. 

sacrdBJa  [zAstavs]  /  -bi,  — 
1.  (town)  gate;  2.:  norpaHHM- 
Han  ~a  frontier  post;  frontier 
guards. 

sacral  Barb  [zastAvat^]  im- 
perf -K),  -eiiib,  p  -saJi,  imp 
-safl,  3acT|aTb  [zAstat^j  perf 
-any,  -anemb,  p  -aji,-  imp 
-aHb  1.  find,  catch  (smb  in, 
at  home,  etc);  2.  catch  {smb 
doing  smth). 

sacraBHTb   see  sacraBJiHTb. 

sacTaBJijiiTb  [zastAvl^at**] 
imperf  -aio,  -Heuib,  sacra- 
B|HTb  [zAstav^it*"]  perf  -jik), 
-HUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  make, 
force,  compel;  aaciaeHTb  aa- 
AyMaibCH  set  thinking;  oh  hc 
aacxaBHJi  ceSa  npocHTb  we 
[they,  etc]  didn't  have  to 
persuade  him;  he  was  will- 
ing enough. 

sacraTb  see  sacTaeaTb. 


3acTerHB|aTb  [zAs^t^og^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -avD,  -aeuib,  sa- 
CTerHJyTb  [zas^'t^i^gnut'^]  perf 
-y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  do 
up  (a  button,  etc);  button 
(up);  hook  (a  dress,  etc). 

3acTe3K|Ka  [zAs^t^oshka]  / 
-KH,  -eK  fastening  {mostly  a 
hook  or  button);  clasp,   hasp. 

3acTeH4HB|bih  [zA$'*t''en^- 
ch^iviy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  shy,  coy,  bashful. 

sacTolfi  [zAstoy]  m  -h,  -es 
stagnation  {the  state  of);  de- 
pression, slack. 

sacTpejilHTb  [z8str^i^l''it*'] 
perf  -K),  sacTpejiHiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  shoot  (down),  kill  by 
shooting. 

sacTpejijiiTbCJi  [z9str^i^l''i- 
tts9]  perf  -K)Cb,  aacTpeJiHiub- 

CH,    p  -HJICH,  -HJiaCb,  imp  -HCb, 

-Hxecb  shoot  oneself. 

sacTpejibmHK  [zAstr^el''- 
sh^rik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  pioneer, 
initiator. 

sacTynjaTbcq  [z9stupatts9] 
imperf  -arocb,  -aembCH,  sa- 
CTyn|HTbCfl  [z9stup''ittS9]  perf 
-jiiccb,  aaciynHuibCH,  p-HJiCH, 
-HJiacb,  imp  HCb,  -Hiecb 
stand  up  {for  smb),  take 
{someone's)  part;  intercede 
{with  smb  for  smb). 

sacyxja  [zasukhg]  /  -h,  ~ 
drought  {want  of  rain). 

sacb'maTb  see   aacbmaib  II. 

sacwnjaTb  I  [Z9sipat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  sacHlyxb 
[zAsnut'']  perf  -y,  -emb,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  fall  asleep. 

3acbin|aTb  II  [z^sipai^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  3acbm|aTb 
[zAStpaf*]    perf   -Jiio,    -Jieuib, 


—  139  — 


sar 


p  -aji,  imp  -b  1.  fill  up 
{jsDith  sand,  earth,  etc);  2.  cov- 
er {with  sand,  leaves,  etc); 
3.:  ~aTb  BonpocaMH  ply  with 
questions;  sacbinaTb  noAap- 
KaMH  load  with  presents. 

aaxcM  [zAt^em]  adv  1.  then, 
after  that;  2.:  -^,  HT66bi... 
in  order  that... 

aareMHeHHle  [zat^i^mn^e- 
n^iya]  n  -«,  -ii  mil  black-out. 

saTHxjaxb  [zat^ikhat^]  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aeuib,  saTHXHJyTb 
[zAt^'ikhnut'']  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  saTHx,  saxHxjia,  imp  -ii 
calm  down,    lull;    die   away. 

aaxKHyTb  see  saTbiKaxb. 

3aTMeHH|e  [zAtm^en^'iya]  n 
-H>  -H  1.  as/ron  eclipse;  2.  col: 
Ha  Hero  namjio  -~-e  his  mind 
has  gone  [went]  blank. 

3aT6  [zAt6]  cj  denoting 
compensatory  comparison  or 
consequence',  sia  KOMHara  Ma- 
jieHbKaa,  —  yibxHaH  this 
room  is  small,  but  cosy. 

sarop  [zAtor]  m  -a,  -ob  jam, 
obstruction;  (traffic)  jam, 
congestion. 

SaTOpMOSHTb  SCC  T0pM03HTb. 

sarpaeliTb  see  xpaBHTb  2,  3. 

3aTpdrHB|aTb  [zAtrag^ivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  sarpo- 
H|yTb  [zAtronut^]  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -b  1.  affect 
{smb's  interests,  etc);  2.  touch 
on  (a  subject,  etc). 

saTpyflHeHHJe  [zatrud^n^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  difficulty; 
embarrassment;  b  ~h  at  a 
IpSS;  BblHTH  H3  ~H  get  Out 
of  trouble  /  a  difficulty;  Hcnw- 
TbiBaxb  —51  be  in  a  diffi- 
cult position. 


saipyAHHTb  see  saTpy^HHTb. 
sarpyAHHTbCH    see    saxpy^- 

HflTbCH. 

saTpyAHJflTb  [zatrud^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  sarpyA- 
H|HTb  [zatrud^n^it^j  perf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJi  1.  give  trouble, 
trouble;  embarrass  {of  a 
question,  etc);  Bac  He  —ht 
npHHTH  saBxpa?  col  would 
you  mind  coming  tomorrow?; 

2.  hamper,  impede;  make 
difficult. 

3axpyAH|flxbCfl  [zatrud^n^a- 
ttsa]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -Heuib- 
CH,  3axpyAH|HxbC5i  [zatrud^- 
n^'ittsa]  perf  -wcb,  -HuibCH,  p 
-HjicH,  -HAacb  find  it  difficult, 
hesitate. 

saxxjijbiH  [zatkhliy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  stuffy,  close 
{air);  musty  {room,  etc). 

3axbiK|dxb  [?attkat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  saxKHJyxb 
[zAtknut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  1.  stop  up,  plug 
(up);  cork  up  (a  bottle);  2. 
thrust  {into),  push  {into), 
shove  {into); 

<>  3axKHyxb  Koro-Ji.  sa  none 
col  ^  be  one  too  many  for 
smb,  outdo  smb. 

3axbijiloK  [zAtllak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  back  of  the  head; 
<>  B  ~0K  in  file,  one  behind 
another. 

saxflrHBJaxb  [zAt^ag^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  3axnH|yxb 
[zat^i^nut^]  perf  -y,  saxH- 
Heuib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  tight- 
en {a  knot,  etc);  2.  drag  in, 
suck    in    {of   a   swamp,  etc); 

3.  cover,  close  {the  sky,  said 
of  clouds)^  4.  delay,  drag  out. 


sax 


^  140  -^ 


saTii^KHOH  [z9t^i^zhn6y]  a 
long,  protracted,  delayed. 

saxflHyTb    see    sax^rHBaxb. 

3aypnAH|biH  [zaur^adniy]  a 
sh  /  'SaypHAeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
ordinary,  commonplace;  — lih 
qeJiOBCK  mediocrity, 

aaxeaxHxb  see  saxsaxbiBaxb. 

3axBaxbiB|axb  [zAkhvati- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
3axBax|Mxb  [z9khvAt^it^]  per/ 
saxBa^y,  saxBaxHiub,  p  -hji,. 
imp  -H  1.  take  along,  take 
{with  oneself);  bring  {with 
oneself);  2.  seize,  capture;  3. 
col',  ero  saxBaxHJi  ao^a^  he 
was  caught  in  the  rain;  4. 
carry  away,  captivate,  thrill, 
charm; 

<>  aaxBaxHXb  epacnjiox    take 
by  surprise,  take  unawares. 

saxjieSHyxbCfl  see  3ax;ie6bi- 

BaXbCH. 

3axjie6biB|axbCJi  [zAkhPobi- 
V9tts"9]  imperf  -aiocb,-  -aeiiib- 
CH,  3axjie5H|yxbCfl  [z9khl''i^b- 
nutts9]  perf  -ycb,  -eiubCH, 
p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  choke  {with  water,  etc); 
swallow  {water,  etc)  the 
wrong  way. 

saxjionHyxb  see  saxJionbi- 
Baxb. 

saxjionbiBJaxb  [zAkhlopt- 
V9t'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
3axji6nHlyxb  [zAkhlopnut^] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
slam,    ijang    {the    door,    etc). 

saxoA  [zAkhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-ob:   —  coJiHua  sunset. 

saxoAlHxb  [z9khAd^it^]  im- 
perf 3axo>Ky,  saxoAHLUb,  p 
-H.T,  imp  -H,  3aH|xH  [zAyf^i]. 
perl    -Ay,    -Aeiiib,   p   aauieji, 


3am jia,  imp  -ah  1.  drop  in 
{at  some  or  smb's  place), 
call  {on  smb  or  at  some  place); 
~HXb  3a  KeM-Ji.  fetch  smb, 
call  for  smb  {on  one's    way); 

2.  get,  come  {very  far  or  to 
the  wrong  place);  find  oneself 
{in    a    strange    place,     etc); 

3.  go;  come  {both  mostly 
behind  smth  or  from  some 
side);  saftxH  3a  yro;i  turn  a 
corner;  4.  set  {of  the  sun); 
5.  turn  {on  smth,  of  a  con- 
versation). 

3axoxexb  see  xoxexb. 

3aHaxHyxb  see  waxnyxb. 

3aHeM  [zAch^'em]  adv  inter  & 
rel  what  for;  why  {do  it,  etc). 

aaneM-xo  [zAch''emt9]  adv 
for  some  reason  or  other,  for 
some  purpose  or  other. 

3aHepKHB|axb  [zAch^ork^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
saHepKHJyxb  [z9ch^i^rknut^J 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
cross  out,  strike  out. 

3aHex  [zAch^'ot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  (course)  credit  test;  -- 
no  pyccKOMy  HSbiKy  credit 
test  in  Russian;  cAaxb  — - 
pass  a  credit  test;  nojiymixb 
—  get    credit    for    a    course. 

3a4HCJlHXb      see     3aHHCJlHXb. 

3aHHc;i|«xb  [z9ch^is''Pat^] 
imperf  -hk>,  -neuib,  3aHHC- 
jiJHXb  [zAch^is^Pit'']  perf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  take  on 
(the  staff);    put    on  the  list. 

sameji  [zAshol],  sauijia 
[zAshla]  p  of  saftxH;  see  aaxo- 

AHXb. 

3aiuHB|axb  [z9shivat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  3am|Hxb 
[zAshtt^]  perf  -bib,  -beiiib,  p 


—  141 


3Be 


-HJi,  imp  -efl  sew  (up);  mend 
{smth  made  of  fabric). 

aaiuTonarb     see     uiTonaTb. 

3aii;HT|a  [zAsh^n'ta]  /  -u 
protection,  defence  {also  sport 
&  law);  safeguard. 

saujHTHTb  see  3am.HmaTb 
1.  2. 

samMTHHK  [zAsh^-.it^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  1.  protector, 
defender;  2.  law  counsel  for 
the  defence;  3.  sport  (full-) 
back. 

samHmjaTb  [z8sh^:ish^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  samH- 
T|HTb  [zash^-.it^it^]  perf  sa- 
iUHmy,    -HiKb,  p  -HJI,    imp  -h 

1.  defend  {one's  country,  a 
child,  etc);  protect  {smb,etc); 

2.  defend,  stand  up  for, 
speak  in  support  of;  3.  {no 
perf)  law  plead  for. 

sasiBHTb  see  sansJiHTb. 

saHBJKa  [zAyafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  demand  {for),  claim  (/or); 
KOHuepT  no  ~KaM  listeners' 
choice  concert. 

aaflBJieHHJe  [zayi^vPen^'iys] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  statement,  decla- 
ration; 2.  application  {a  writ- 
ten request). 

saflBJilnxb  [zayi^vl'at^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heuib,  SaflBJilTb 
[zayi^v^it^]  perf  -jiib,  sa- 
HBHUib,  p  -H.i,  imp  -H  declare, 
state;  announce,  let  know; 
saHBHTb  npoxecT  make  a  pro- 
test; ~^Tb  npasa  na  mo-Ji. 
claim  smth,  claim  one's 
right  to  smth. 

saau  [zayats,  -dz]  m  3aH^a, 
pi  'saflubi,  3aHu,eB  1.  hare; 
2.  col  stowaway  {one  who 
wants  to  get  a  free  passage); 


exaxb  saftueM  stow  away 
{without  a  ticket); 
<>  norHaTbCJi  3a  AByMfl  3aH- 
UaMH  ^  want  to  kill  two 
birds  with  one  stone;  sa  ARy- 
Mfl  3aHi^aMH  noroHHuibcsi,  hh 
oflHoro  He  noHMaeiub  prov  ^ 
grasp  all,  lose  all. 

SBaHHJe  [zvan^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  rank,  title. 

3Ba|Tb  [zvat^]  imperf  soey, 
soBeuib,    p    -Ji,    -jia,    ssajio, 

3BajIH,      imp      30BH,      nO':3BaTb 

[pAzvat^]  perf  1.  call  {to 
make  smb  hear  or  come);  ~Tb 
Ha  noMomb  cry  for  help;  sac 
soBVT  you  are  wanted;  2. 
invite,  ask;  no3BaTb  b  Tearp 
[b  khho  u  m.  n.\  invite  to 
the  theatre  [cinema,  etc];  3. 
{no  perf):  KaK  sac  soByT? 
what's  your  name?;  Menn  30- 
Byr...  my  name  is... 

3Be3flla  [zv^i^zda]  /  -b'l,  pi 
3Be3Abi,  3Be3;^,  3Be3AaM  star 
{also  fig); 

<>  OH  3Be3A  c  He6a  He  xBa- 
raer  col  ^  he's  no  genius; 
he  won't  set  the  Thames  on 
fire. 

SBenlexb  [zv^i^n^et^]  im- 
perf -K),  -Huib,  p  -eJi,  imp 
-H  ring,  clang;  clank,  jangle, 
clink,  jingle. 

3BeH|6  [zv^i^no]  n  -a,  pi 
3BeHbH,  3BeHbeB  1.  link  (of  a 
chain);  2.  team,  group  {in 
farming). 

3BeHbeB|6H  [zv^m^'yi^voy] 
m  -oro,  -bix  field-team  leader 
{in  farming). 

3BepHHbiH  [zv^i^r^inty]  a 
1.  of  a  beast;  2.  fig  savage, 
wild. 


3Be 


142  — 


SBepCKJHH  [zv^ersk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  brutal,  savage, 
atrocious. 

3Bepib  [zv^er^]  m  -h,  pi 
'H,     -eft,    -HM    (wild)    beast. 

3B0H  [zvon]  m  -a  ringing, 
clanging,  clang;  clank,  tin- 
kling; chime  {of  bells). 

sBOHiHTb  [zvAn^it^]  ittiperf 
-K),  -Hiiib.  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
nojSBOHMTb  [p9zvAn^it^]  perf 
1.  ring  {at  the  door,  of  the 
telephone,  etc);  —  HTb  e  sbo- 
HOK  [b  kojiokoji]  ring  the 
bell;  ~HT  there's  a  ring, 
somebody  is  ringing;  2. 
phone,  ring  up;  bh  He  xy^a 
~HTe  you've  got  the  wrong 
number  {said  over  the  tele- 
phone). 

SBOHKJHH  [zvonk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  bbohok,  -a,  -o, 
■-H  ringing,  clear  {voice,  etc); 
<>  ~HH  cor,iacHbiH  ling 
voiced  consonant;  ~aji  mo- 
Heia  hard  cash. 

3bqh|6k  [zvAnok^  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1.  bell  {at  the  door, 
etc);  2.  ring  {of  a  bell);  flaxb 
—OK  ring,  ring  the  bell; 
pa3AaJiCH  ~6k  a  bell  rang; 
the  telephone  rang;  —ok  no 
Tejie^ony  /  Tejie4)6HHbiH  —ok 
telephone  call. 

3ByK  [zvuk,    -g]    m  -a,  -ob 
1.    sound;    2.    ling:   rjiacHbift 
—  vowel;  corJiacHbiH  —  con- 
sonant; 
<>  nycTOH  —  merely  a  sound. 

sByHJaTb  [zvuch^'at^]  im- 
perf  -HT,  p  -aji,  npo;3ByHaTb 
[pr9zvuch^at^]  perf  sound 
{of  music,  smb's  voice,  etc); 
be  heard. 


3AaHHie  [zdan^'iya]  n  h, 
-H  building,  edifice. 

3Aecb  [z^d^es^,  -z^]  adv 
here  (/)  in  this  place;  2)  at 
this  point). 

3AeujKHH  [z^d^'eshn^iy]  a 
local,  of  this  place;  —  >kh- 
TCJib  resident  of  this  place; 
H  He  —   I'm  a  stranger  here. 

3Aop6B|aTbC5i  [zdArovattsa] 
imperf    -awcb,    -aeuibcn,  no:- 

3AOp6BaTbCfl       [p9ZdAr6V9ttS8] 

perf  greet,  say  "how  do  you 
do";  — aibCH  c  KeM-Ji.  3a  pyKy 
shake  hands  with  smb. 

3Aop6B|biH  [zdAroviy]  a  sh 
/  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1,  healthy 
{person,  etc);  strong,  robust; 
2.  healthy,  wholesome;  sa- 
lubrious {air);  3.  fig  sound 
{idea,  etc);  4.  col  huge,  big; 
strong,  hard; 

<>  Synbie  — bi!  1)  good-bye!; 
good  luck!;  2)  keep  well!; 
bless  you!  {said  when  a  per- 
son sneezes). 

3A0p6Bb|e  [zdArov^ya]  n  -h 
health;  KaK  Bame  — e?  how 
are  you?;  no  coctohhhk)  ~5I 
for  reasons  of  health; 
<>  3a  Bame  —el  (to)  your 
health!;  na  —el  to  your  pleas- 
ure!; you're  welcome! 

3jipaBHHu|a  [zdravn^itsa]  / 
-bi,  —  health  resort. 

3flpaBooxpaHeHM|e  [zdravA- 
AkhrAn^'en^iya]  n  -h  public 
health;  health  service. 

3flpaBCTByfi(Te)  [zdrastvuy 
{-i^i)]  int  how  do  you  do! 

3eB|aTb  [z^'i^vat'"]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib,  seeHlyrb  [z'^i^V- 
nut'']  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H,    npoiseBaxb  [pr9z^i^- 


—  143  — 


3JI0 


vat^]  perf  1.  (seBHyTb)  yawn 
{in  sleepiness);  2.  {no  perf) 
col  gape  {at)\  be  idle  {not 
busy);  3.  (npoaesaTb)  col  miss, 
let  slip;  He  ~aft!  look  sharp! 
*3ejieHbiH  [z''i^l''6niy]  a  shf 
sejieH,  aejiena,  aejieno,  ae- 
jieHbi  green  {also  fig). 

seJieHJb  [z^'ePin^]  /  -h  1. 
verdure;  2.  greens,  vegetables. 

3eMeJibH|biH  [z^i^m^el^'niy] 
a  ~aH  pe(i)6pMa  land  reform; 
--biH  yqacTOK  plot  of  land. 

seMJieBJiajiejileufz^imPivlA- 
d*'el''its,  -d?]  m  -bua,  -bues 
landowner. 

seMJieACJiMJe  [z^iml^i^d^'e- 
Piya]  n  -h  agriculture,  farm- 
ing. 

seMJiCTpflceHHle  [z^iml*'i- 
tr^'i^s^en^iya]  n  -h,  h  earth- 
quake. 

3eMJi|fl  [z^i^ml^a]  /  -h,  ace 
SCMJIK),  pi  SCMJIH,  seMejib, 
seMJiHM  1.  earth  {our  planet); 
2.  earth,  world;  3.  ground, 
earth;  4.  land  {1)  property; 
2)  opposite  of  sea);  5.  soil 
{mould) ; 

"^  cpoBHflTb  c   — efi    raze   to 
the  ground. 

scMJiflK  [z^i^mPak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  (fellow-)countryman; 
fellow-lownsman;  fellow-vil- 
lager. 

3eMJiflHHK|a  [z^iml^'i^n^ika] 
/  -H  wild  strawberry. 

seMJiflHJKa  [z^i*^mPank9j  / 
-KH,  -OK  mud-hut;  dug-out. 

scMHOH  [z^i^mnoy]  a  earth- 
ly; ~  map  the  globe. 

3epKaji|o  [z^erkab]  n  -a, 
pi  -a,  3epKaji,  -au  looking- 
-glass,  mirror  {also  fig); 


<0>  KpHBoe  ~o  crooked/ dis- 
torting mirror. 

3epH|6  [z^i^rno]  n  -a,  pi 
aepna,  sepeH.sepHaM  1.  grain, 
seed;  K6(|)e  b  sepnax  coffee- 
-beans;  2.  corn,  food  grains, 
cereals;  3.  fig  kernel,  core; 
~6  HCTHHbi  grain  of  truth. 

3HM|a    [z^ima]    /    -bi,    ace 

BHMy,     pi     SHMbl,      — ,      SHMaM 

winter. 

3HMHHM  fz^imn^'iy]  a  winter. 

3HM|oBaTb  [z^'imAvat'']  im- 
perf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -yft,  nepej3HM0BaTb  (p^i- 
r^iz^imAvat^]  perf,  npojaHMo- 
Baxb  [praz^imAvat^j  perf 
winter,  pass  the  winter;  hi- 
bernate; 

<>  noKasarb  KOMy-ji.,  rAepaKH 
-^yiOT  ^  give  it  hot  to  smb. 

3hm6h  [z^imoy]  adv  in  win- 
ter; npomjioH  ~  last  winter; 
6yflymeH  ~  next  winter. 

3jia  I  [zla]  see  3jio. 

3Jia  II  [zla]  see  -djiou. 

3JiaK|H  [zlak^i]  pi  -ob  ce- 
reals. 

3JIH|Tb  [Z^l^it^]  /mp^A/ 3JIIO, 
-lUb,   p  -Jl,   imp  ~,  pa30|3JlMTb 

[razAz'^Pit^]  perf  vex,  anger; 
tease,  irritate. 

3.iM]Tbcn  [z^l^ittja]    imoerf 

SJUOCb,    -lUbCH,   p  -JICH,   -jiacb, 

imp  -Cb,  -Tecb,  pa^o;3jiHTbcfl 
[razAz^l^ittja]  perf  be  angry 
{with),  be  cross  {with);  be 
in  a  bad  temper,  be  irri- 
tated. 

3JI0  I  [zlo]  n  sjia,  pi  only 
gen  30JI  evil;  harm;  npHMH- 
HHTb  ~  do  harm,  injure;  co 
3Jia  with  anger;  ero  fee 
u  m.  d.] -^  6epeT  col  he  [she,^ 


3JI0 


—  144  — 


etc]  feels  vexed,  it  makes 
him  [her,  etc]  wild. 

3J10  II  [zlo]  see  3jioh. 

3Ji66|a  [zlobaj  /  -bi  spite 
{ill-will)',  anger;  no  ~e  out 
of  spite;  6eccHJibHaH  ~a  im- 
potent rage; 

<>  ~a  Ana  the  evil  of  the 
day;  Ha  ~y  akh  concerning 
the  news  of  the  day. 

3Jio6oAHeBHlbiH  [zlabA- 

d^'n^'evniyl  a  sh  f  3jio6oAHe- 
BeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi:  -~biH  Bonpoc 
burning  question  /  problem; 
~aH  TCMa  burning  topic. 

3Jiofle|H  [zlAd^ey]  m  -h,  -ee 
villain,  scoundrel,  rascal. 

3J10H  fzloy]  a  sh  f  3oji,  3Jia, 
3;io,  3Jibi  wicked,  malicious; 
vicious  {look,  etc)',  bad-tem- 
pered; ~  yMbiceji  evil  intent; 
—  H3biK  bitter  tongue;  h  3o;i 
Ha  Hero  I'm  angry  /  cross  with 
him. 

3JionaM$iTH|biH  [zlApam^it- 
nty]  a  sh  f  sjionaMHxeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  vindictive  and  ran- 
corous. 

sjiocTH'ibiH  [zlosniyj  a  sh  f 
sjiocxeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  mali- 
cious-, ill-natured;  2.  invet- 
erate, persistent. 

3JiocT|b  [zlos^t^,  -z^'d^]  / 
-H  malice;  fury,  anger. 

3JioynoTpe6HTb  see  sjioyno- 
Tpe6jiflTb. 

3JioynoTpe6ji|flTb  [zlaupa- 
tr'^i^bl^'at'']  imperf  -hk),  -h- 
eiub,  3JioynoTpe6|HTb  [zlaupa- 
tr^'i^b^it^]  perf  -jiib,  -HUJb, 
p  -Hji,  imp  -H  abuse  {one's 
power,  position,  smh's  confi 
dence,  etc). 

3J1K)    [z^'Pu]    see   3JIHTb. 


3JiK)cb     [z^l^us^,    -z^]     see 

SJIHTbCH. 

sMe'i^  [z'^m^i^ya]  /  -h,  pi 
SMEH,  -H  snake  {also  fig)',  ser- 
pent. 

3HaK  [znak,  -g]  m  ra,  -ob 
I.  sign,  mark;  symbol;  4)a6- 
pHqHbiH  --  trade  mark;  2. 
omen;  3.  signal  {given  by 
smb); 

<>  ~H  OTjiHHHJi  decorations, 
orders  and  medals;  —  h  pas- 
jihhhh  mil  insignia;  ~h  npe- 
nHHaHHfl  punctuation  marks; 
B  ~  flpyjKSbi  in  token  of 
friendship;  noA  —cm...  in  an 
atmosphere  of... 

3HaK6M|HTb  [znAkom^it^] 
imperf  -jiio,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  no;3HaK6MHTb  [paznAko- 
m^it^]  perf  I.  introduce  {smb 
to  smb);  2.  acquaint,  let 
know;  —HTb  Koro-ji.  c  ropo- 
AOM  show  smb  round  the 
town;  ~HTb  c  nporpaMMOH 
show  the  programme. 

3HaK6M|HTbCJi  [znAkom^'i- 
ttja]  imperf  -JiKDCb,  -HUJbCH, 
p  -HJica,  -Hjiacb,  imp  -bcH, 
-bTecb,  nobnaKOMHTbCfl  [pa- 
znAkom^'itt^aj  perf  1.  get 
acquainted  {with),  make  the 
acquaintance  {of),  meet;  2. 
acquaint  oneself  {with),  get 
to  know;  visit,  see  {museums, 
etc). 

SHaKOMCTBlo  fznAk6mstv9] 
n  -a,  ~  acquaintance  {with); 
knowledge  (o/);  noAAep^cH- 
Baib  -~o  c  KeM-ji.  keep  up 
friendly  relations   with  smb. 

3HaK6M|biH  fznAkomty]  I  a 
sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  famil- 
iar {word,   etc);   2.  familiar, 


145  — 


30H 


acquainted  (with);  h  xopouio 
'-  c  HHM  I  know  him  well; 
II  as  a  noun  sHaKOMibifl 
m  -oro,  -bix  acquaintance 
{a  person). 

3HaMeH^TejibH|biiH  [znam^i^- 
nat^il^niy]  a  sh  f  SHaMena- 
TejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  significant, 
important. 

3HaMeHHTlbiH  [znam^i^n^i- 
tiy]  a  sh  f  -~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  fa- 
mous, celebrated. 

3HaM|ji  [znam^9]  n  -enH, 
pi  SHaMena,  SHaMen,  anaMe- 
HaM  banner  {also  fig);  colours, 
standard;  nepexoAnmee  ~5i 
prize  banner. 

3HaHHie  [znan^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  knowledge;  co  ~eM  jxejia 
skilfully,  with  expert  knowl- 
edge. 

3HaTH|biH  [znatniy]  a  sh  f 
SHaTCH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  well- 
-known,  renowned,  distin- 
guished; 2.  noble  {birth,  etc). 

SHaxoK  [znAtok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  expert,  connoisseur;  6biTb 
-—OM  CBoero  /^ejia  know  one's 
business. 

3HaTb  [znat^]  imperf  SHaio, 
SHaeuib  1.  know  {1)  some  facts, 
etc,  about  smth;  2)  a  lan- 
guage, one's  lesson,  etc;  3)  life, 
etc);  2.  know;  be  acquainted 
with; 

<>  ~  ce6e  ueny  know  one's 
own  value;  have  a  high  opin- 
ion of  oneself;  ^  tojik  b 
HCM-Ji.  be  an  expert  in  smth, 
be  a  good  judge  of  smth;  ^ 
Mepy  know  when  to  stop; 
SHaere  (jih)  you  know;  na- 
cKOJibKo  H  sHaio  as  far  as  I 
know;   kto   ero   SHaer   col    I 


don't  know;  KaK  ^  col  who 
knows;  Kan  sHaeuib  (it's) 
up  to  you. 

3HaHeHHle  [znAch^en'iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  meaning,  sense; 
2.  significance,  importance; 
HMeib  6ojibm6e  '-e  be  of  great 
importance  /  significance. 

3HaHHT  [znach^it]  parenth 
col  so,  then,  well  then. 

3HaHHTejibH|biH  [znAch^'f- 
t^iPniy]  a  sh  f  SHaMHTejien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  considerable, 
substantial;  2.  important,  sig- 
nificant. 

sHaHlHTb  [znach^it^]  imperf 
-y,  -Huib,  p  -HJi  mean,  signify. 

3HaH|6K  [znAch^ok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1.  badge  {that  is 
worn);  2.  small  mark  /  sign. 

3Ho6|HTb  [znAb^it'']  impers: 
MeHH  -~HT  1  feel  chilly,  I'm 
shivering. 

3ho|h  [znoy]  m  -h  (exces- 
sive) heat. 

30BH  [zAV^i[  see  SBaxb. 

aoey  [zavu],  soeeuib  [za- 
v^osh,  -zh]  see  SBaxb. 

30J1  I  [zol]  see  sjio. 

30J1  II  Jzol]  see  sjiou. 

30ji|a  [zAla]  /  -bi  ashes 
{dust). 

sojiotIg  [zobta]  n  -a  gold. 

3ojiot|6h     [zalAtoy]     a    1. 
gold;  2.  fig  golden; 
<>     ^an    MOJiofleKb     gilded 
youth;    -~a5i     cepeflHHa     the 
golden  mean. 

aoHJa  [zona]  /  -bi,  —  zone. 

30HT  [zont,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
umbrella;  parasol,  sunshade. 

36hthk  [zon^t^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  umbrella;  parasol,  sun- 
shade. 


800 


—  146  — 


300JiorHMecK|HH  [zaaIaq^'i- 
rh^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  zo- 
ological;-~hh  can/ napKZoo, 
zoological  gardens. 

30onapK  [zAApark,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  Zoo. 

sopH  [zor^i],  30pb  [zor''] 
see  3apH. 

sopKlHfl  [zork^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  1.  sharp-sighted;  2.  fig 
vigilant. 

3paM|6K  [zFAch^ok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  pupil  (of  the  eye). 

3p6jiHm|e  [zT^e\^[sh^:d]n  -a, 
—  sight,  spectacle;  perform- 
ance, show;  jKajiKoe  ~e  a 
sorry  spectacle. 

3peJi|biH  [zr^eliy]  a  sh  f  ^ , 
-a,  -0,  -bi  ripe,  mature  {also 

3peHHle  [zr^en^iya]  n  -h 
eyesight; 

4^  nojie  ~fl  field  of  vision; 
B  nojie  ~fl  in  sight;  roHKa  ~« 
point  of  view;  noA  yrjioM  ~fl 
from  the  standpoint  {of). 

3pe|Tb  [zr^et**]  imperf  -kd, 
-enib,  p  -Ji,  co!3pfTb  [sAzr^et^j 
perf  ripen,  mature  {also  fig). 

3pHTeji!b  [zr^it^iP]  m  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft'spectator,  onlooker; 
pi  also  audience. 


3pHTejibHbifl  [zr^it^iPnty]  a 

1.  visual,  optic;  2.:  ~  saji 
hall  {in  a  cinema,  etc). 

3p5i  [zr^a]  adv  col  in  vain; 
for  nothing;  ~  tbi  xoahji 
Tyaa  you  shouldn't  have  gone 
there;  you  needn't  have  gone 
there. 

3y6  [zup,  -b]  m  -a,  pi  sydbi, 
-OB  {technol  -bH,  -bes)  tooth; 
BCTaBHbie  ~bi  artificial/  false 
teeth; 

<>  cKB03b  — bi  through  clench- 
ed teeth;  — w  3aroBdpHBaTb 
col  fool  smb    by    fine  words. 

3y6H|6ft  [zubn6y]  a:  ~aH 
6ojib  toothache;  — 6h  mexKa 
tooth-brush;  --an  nacra  tooth- 
-paste;  ~6h  nopomoK  tooth- 
-powder. 

3yA  [zut,  -d]  m  -a  itch  {al- 
so fig) 

3H6HlyTb  [z^abnut^]  imperf 
-y,  -euib,  p  3h6,  3H6;ia,  imp 
-H,  oJ3H6HyTb  [Az^'abnut*']  perf 
feel  chilly,  shiver. 

3fl6|b  [z*'ap*',  -b^l  / -H, -eft 
agric  plough-land. 

3siT|b  [z^at*",  -d^]  m  -h,  pi 
-bH,  -beB,  -bHM  1.    son-in-law; 

2.  brother-in-law  {the  hus- 
band of  one's  sister). 


H,  H 


H  I  \\]  c]  denoting  1.  con- 
nexion, addition  and;  and 
then;  h  h  oh  he  and  I;  mbi 
CHflejiH  H  MHxajiH  we  sat  and 
read;  see  sto  snajiH,  h  Bce 
6bi;in  paAbi  everybody  knew 
it   and    everybody  was  glad; 


OH  no;iajT  CHrnaji,  h  pa3;iajicH 
Bbicxpeji  he  gave  the  signal 
and  then  a  shot  was  heard; 
OH  co6HpajicH  yexaxb  h  yexaji 
he  was  going  to  leave  and  so, 
he  did;  6bijio  hos/^ho,  h  oh 
yuieji  it  was  late  and  he  left; 


—  147  — 


Hrp 


it  was  late  and  so  he  left;  2. 
enumeration:  h  khhph,  h  xex- 
pa/lH,  H  cJioeapH  books,  note- 
books, and  dictionaries;  h... 
H...  both...  and...;  3.  empha- 
sis, sometimes  also  connexion 
with  the  preceding  statement 
{mostly  used  at  the  beginning 
of  exclamatory  and  interroga- 
tive sentences):  h  KaK  tu  cm6- 
euib  Tax  roBopHTb!?  how  dare 
you  say  such  a  thing!;  h  bh 
corjiacHbi?!  and  you  agree?; 
4.  emphatic  surprise,  emphatic 
disapproval  coupled  with  the 
idea  of  connexion  even,  and 
even;  see  ono3Aa;iH,  h  tu  (t6- 
jKe)  everybody  was  [is]  late, 
(and)  even  you;  oh  ymeji  h 
He  npocTH^iCH  he  left  without 
even  saying  good-bye;  5.  con- 
cession {in  sentences  with  the 
other  clause  having  a,  ;ia,  xaK 
or  HO  at  the  beginning):  w 
Hy)KHo  MHe  noflTH  TyA^,  Aa 
HeKor;ia  though  I  should  go 
there,  I  haven't  the  time; 
(h)  h  noexaji  6bi,  ]\^  speMeHH 
Hex  I'd  like  to  go,  but  I 
haven't  the  time;  6.  the  idea 
of  'too',  'likewise':  h  b  stom 
caynae  oh  6biJi  npas  in  ,that 
case  too  he  was  right;  Anna 
He    3HaJia    SToro,    TorAa    uu 

CnpOCHJlH    BHKTOpa,    HO     H    OH 

He  anaji  Anna  didn't  know 
it,  and  so  we  asked  Victor, 
but  he  didn't  know  either; 
7.:  TaK...  H...  that's  (just/ 
exactly)  what...;  raK  h  h  ^y- 
Maji  that's  exactly  what  I 
thought;  3T0  H  ecTb...  that's 
just... 
H    II    [i]  part  intens  even; 


He  Mory  h  no;;yMaTb  o6  stom 
I  can't  even  think  of  this. 

h6o  [iba]  cj  denoting  cause 
for. 

Hoa  [iva]  /  HBbi,  HB  willow 
{a  tree). 

Hrji|a  [igla]  /  -b'l,  pi  rirjibi, 
■—,  HFjiaM  needle  [1)  for  sew- 
ing, knitting,  etc;  2)  for  a  syr- 
inge; 3)  of  a  fir  or  pine); 
prickle,  thorn  {of  plants); 
quill  {of  porcupines,  etc). 

HrHopHp|oBaTb  [ignAr^ira- 
V9t^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio,  -y- 
eujb,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yw  ignore, 
disregard. 

Hro  [iga]  n  Hra  yoke  {bond- 
age). 

Hr6ji|Ka  [igolka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
=  Hr;ia; 

<>  CHACTb    KaK    Ha    ~Kax  be 
on  pins  and  needles. 

Hrpjd  [igra]  /  -bi,  pi  Hrpbi, 
~,  HrpaM  1.  game  {of  chess, 
tennis,  etc;  also  fig);  na- 
cTOJibHbie  Hrpu  indoor  /  table 
games;  asapiHan  —a  gamble; 
2.  acting,  performance  (o/ a/i 
actor,  musician,  etc); 
<>  -—a  c-ioB  pun,  play  on 
words;  —a  ne  ctoht  cbch  the 
game  is  not  worth  the  candle. 

Hrpjaxb  [igrat^l  imperf -avi, 
-aeuib,  cbirplaxb  [sigrat^j 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib  1.  {no  perf) 
play  {of  children)}  2.  play 
{1)  games,  cards,  etc;  2)  mu- 
sic, a  musical  instrument; 
3)  with  a  person's  affections, 
etc;  4)  on  smb's  feelings, 
nerves,  etc);  ,^aTh  b  hphtkh 
play  hide-and-seek  {also  fig); 
~aTb  qecTHO  [He^ecTHo]  play 
fair  [loulj;  3.  theat  act,  play; 


Hrp 


—  148  — 


<>     --aTb    nepBVK)    CKpHnny 

play    first    fiddle;    -^axb    na 
pyKy    KOMy-ji.   col    play    into 
smb's  hands. 
HrpoK  [igrok,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 

1.  player  {in  games)',  2.  gam- 
bler. 

Hrpyui|Ka  [igrushka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  1.  toy,  plaything;  2.  fig 
pawn  (a  person). 

Hjieaji  [id^i^al]  m  -a,  -ob 
ideal. 

HAeajiMCT  [id^iAl^ist,  -zd]  a/z 
-a,  -OB  idealist. 

HAeajibH|biH  [id^i^al^niy]  a 
sh  f  HAeajieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  ideal. 

H.neHHlbiH  [id^eyniy]  a  sh  f 
HAeeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  ideologi- 
cal {content);  2.  (high)prin- 
cipled  {person,  etc). 

Hfleoji6rH|fl  [id^'iAlog^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  ideology. 

HAejJi  [id'^eya]  /  -h,  -h  1. 
idea,  notion,  concept;  2. 
thought,  idea;  plan,  scheme; 
noflaib  ~K)  suggest  an  idea; 
3T0  -~5i!  capital  idea!;  3. 
idea  {of  a  novel,  etc). 

]\m  [id^i]  see  h^th. 

HATH  [it^'t^'i]  imperf  H^y, 
HAeiiib,  p  meji,  lujia,  mjio, 
lujiH,  imp  HAH  a  concrete  move- 
ment in  a  definite  direction 
— 1,  2  [cf  xoAHTb  1,2]  1.  go 
{move,  pass  on  foot);  come 
{on  foot  towards  the  speak- 
er, etc)    walk,  move  {along); 

2.  go,  run  {of  a  bus,  etc);  3. 
start,  leave  {of  a  train,  etc); 

4,  lie,  go,  run  {of  a  road,  etc); 

5,  enter  {school,  etc);  join 
{the  army,  etc);  6.  pass,  elapse 
{of  time);  7.  go,  work  {of  a 
watch,  etc);  8.  fall  {of  precip- 


itations); HACT  cner  it  is 
snowing;  9.  be  on  {of  a  play, 
negotiations,  etc);  10.  suit,  be- 
come {of  a  dress,  coat,  etc); 
11.  be  required. (/or),  be  used 
{in);  Ha  koctiom  hact  xpH 
Meipa  MaxepHH  three  metres 
of  material  are  required  for 
a  suit;  Tpjinbe  hact  na  H3ro- 
TOBJieHHe  6yMarH  rags  are 
used  in  paper-making; 

<>     AeJlO  /  pCHb      HACT     O    TOM, 

HTO...  the  question   is  that... 

H)KAHBeHHle[izhd^iv^en^iya] 
n  -h:  6biTb  Ha  MbeM-Ji.  --h  be 
smb's  dependant;  HMexb  na 
~h  have  to  provide  for  {par- 
ents, etc). 

H3  [is;  in  all  pretonic  posi- 
tions —  iz,  is;  in  a  stressed 
position  —  iz],  h30  [iza;  in  the 
first  pretonic  position  —  izA; 
in  the  second  pretonic  posi- 
tion —  iza]  prep  with  gen  de- 
noting 1.  movement  oat  of 
smth;  the  starting  point  of  a 
movement:  bwhth  h3  AOMy  go 
out  of  the  house,  leave  the 
house;  go  outdoors;  npHexaxb 
H3  KHCBa  come /arrive  from 
Kiev;  nnxb  hs  qaujKH  drink 
from  a  cup;  2.  a  source  of 
information,  etc.  ysnaxb  hs 
rasex  learn  from  the  papers; 
3.  material  of  which  smth  is 
made:  KyBUJHH  hs  cxcKAa  a 
jug  made  of  glass;  sapeHbe 
HS  BHiuen  jam  prepared  from 
cherries;  sxox  xa6ypex  cAe.naH 
HS  HiUHKa  this  stool  is  made 
out  of  a  box;  4.  a  whole  from 
which  some  part  is  singled 
out;  also  with  the  superlative 
degree:  oahh  hs  mohx  ApyseM 


—  149  — 


RSd 


one  of  my  friends;  h3  66mero 
MHCJia,  paBHoro  ;;ByMCT£M  out 
of  a  total  of  two  hundred; 
HH  OAHH  H3  cTa  uot  oue  in  a 
hundred;  jiy^iuHH  us  xyAOHC- 
HHKOB  the  best  of  the  artists; 
5.  reason  or  cause:  c/iejiaTb 
qio-ji.  H3  jik)6bh  k...  do  smth 
for  the  love  of...;  do  smth 
for  the  sake  of...;  hs  CTpaxa 
for  fear,  out  of  fear;  hs  ne- 
HaBHCTH  through  hatred;  hs 
6;iaroAapHOCTH  in  gratitude; 
6.:  HSOBcexcHJj  with  all  one's 
might;  hso  ahh  b  ]\QUh  day 
in,  day  out;  every  day; 

H3...,      H30...,     H3T>..,,     HC... 

pref  of  verbs  denoting  1.  move- 
ment out  of  smth;  extraction 
of  a  certain  part  of  smth:  h3- 
rnaTfa  [izgnat^]  drive  {smh) 
out,  drive  {smb)  away;  nsBJie- 
KaTb  [izvl^i^kat^]  extract, 
take  out,  draw;  2.  an  action 
affecting  or  covering  the  whole 
of  a  thing  or  carried  beyond 
the  normal  limit:  Hspesaxb 
Becb  CTOJi  cut  up  the  whole 
table;  ns-besj^Hib  [iz^yez^d^it''] 
travel  all  over;  HSHocHXb  [iz- 
HAs^it^]  wear  o\xi  {clothes,  etc); 
HCHHcaib  [isp^isat^]  tover 
with  writing;  3.  the  perfec- 
tive aspect:  H3>KapHTb  [izh:a- 
r^it^]  perf  of  jKapHXb. 

H36|a  [izba]  /  -bi,  ace  -y 
(Hs6y),  pi  Hs6bi,  ~,  H36aM 
hut,  peasant  house. 

H36aBHTb   see    HSfiaBJIHTb. 

H36aBHTbCfl  see   H^6aBjiHTb- 

CH. 

HsSaejiiflTb  [izbAvI^at^]  im- 
perf  -mo,  -nemb,  H36aB|HTb 
[izbav^it*']    perf    -jiio,    -Hiiib, 


p  -Hji,  imp  -b  save,  deliver, 
rid  of;  ~HTb  kofo-ji.  ot  xjio- 
noT  save  /  spare  smb  the  trou- 
ble. 

H36aBJi|«Tbcsi  [izbAvPattja] 
imperf  -Hiocb,  -HeuibCH,  h3- 
6aB|HTbCJi  [izbav^ittja]  perf 
-jiK)Cb,  -HuibCH,  p  -h;ich,  -h- 
jiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -biecb  get 
rid  {of). 

H36ajioBaTb  see  6aji0BaTb. 

M36a-HHTajibHfl  [izbach^i- 
tal^n^a]  /  H36bi-qHTa;ibHH,  ace 

HsSy-qHXaJIbHK),     pi     H36bI-qH- 

TajibHH,  H36-qHTajieH  village 
reading-room. 

HsSerjaxb  [izb^i^gat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  HsCerHJyrb 
[izb^egnut^]  perf  -y,  -euib, 
H36er  (-yji),  HsSerjia,  imp  -h, 
H36el»axb    [izb^i^zhat^]    perf 

-ry,       ->KHUIb,        -H<HX,       -JKHM, 

-jKHxe,  -ryx,  p  -JKaji,  imp  -ra 
avoid  {doing  smth,  danger, 
etc);  escape  {punishment,  etc). 

HsSHpaxejijb  [izb^irat^iP] 
m  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  voter,  elec- 
tor; pi  also  electorate. 

HsSHpaxejibHJbiH  [izb^ira- 
t^il'^niy]  a  election  {attr), 
electoral;  ~oe  npaBO  suffrage; 
~biH  ueH3  electoral  qualifi- 
cation; — biH  oKpyr  election 
district;  — -bift  yqacxoK  1) 
election  precinct;  2)  polling 
station;  —uh  6iojiJiexeHb  vot- 
ing-paper; —an  ypna  ballot- 
-box. 

Hs^Hplarb  [izb^irat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  H36|paxb 
[izbrat^]  perf  -epy,  -epeuib, 
p  -paji  -pajia,  -pajio,  -pa;iH, 
imp  -epH  1.  choose,  select, 
pick  out;  2.  elect  \by  voting). 


H30 


—  150 


H36HT|biH  [izb^itiy]  a  [pa]: 
'-an  4)pa3a  hackneyed  /  stock 
phrase;   ~aH    HCTHHa  truism. 

H36paHH|biH        [izbranniy] 
[pa]  I  a:  ~bie  npoHSBeAeHHH 
selected  works; 
1 1  as  a  noun   H36paHH|bie 
pi  -bix  the  elect. 

H36paTb  see  HsCHpaib. 

H36biTloK  [izbitak,  -g]  m 
-Ka  surplus,  redundancy; 
B  ~Ke  in  plenty;  ot  -~Ka 
qyBCTB  OH  He  Mor  rosopHTb 
his  feelings  were  too  strong 
for  him  to  speak. 

M3BecTH|e  [iz'^v^es^t^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  news,  (piece  of)  infor- 
mation; nocJieAHHe  ^n  the 
(latest)  news. 

H3BecTH0  [iz^v^'esna]  impers 
predic  it  is  known  (that...), 
it  is  common  knowledge 
(that...);  ciajio  ~  it  became 
known;  sto  naM  ~  this  is 
known  to  us; 
<>  KaK  ~  as  is  known. 

H3BeCTH0CTlb[iz''V^esn8S^t^, 

-z'^d^]  /  -H  reputation,  fame; 
notoriety; 

<>  nocTaBHTb  Koro-Ji.  b  --b 
o  HCM-Ji.  inform  smb  of  smth. 
u3BecTH|biH  [iz^v^'esniy] 
a  sh  f  HssecTeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
1.  well-known,  famous;  noto- 
rious;  3T0T     paCCKaS     HHKOMy 

He  H3BecTeH  this  story  is 
known  to  nobody;  2.  certain 
{not  named). 

H3BeCT|b  [iz^v^is^'t^,  -z^d''] 
/  -H  lime;  whitewash  {for 
walls)',  ramenaH  '^b  slack 
lime;  nerameHaH  --b  quick- 
-lime. 

ji3BeineHHle     [iz''v''i^sh'':e- 


n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  notification, 
notice;  summons  (a  writ\. 

HSBMBJaTbcfl  [iz^v^ivattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH  1.  coil, 
wriggle  {of  snakes,  etc);  2. 
twist,  wind;  meander  {of  a 
road,  etc). 

H3BHHeHHle  liz''v''in^en''iyaj 
n  -H,  -ft  apology,  excuse; 
npocHTb  ~H  y  Kor6-Ji.  apolo- 
gize to  smb. 

H3BHHHTb    See    H3BHHHTb. 
H3BHHHTbCli  See  HSBHHHTbCH. 

H3BHHiflTb  [iz'^v^in^at''] 
imperf -Ak),  -neuib,  H3BHH|HTb 
[iz^v^'in^'it'']  perf  -k),  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  excuse,  pardon 
{forgive);  —Hie!  (I  am)  sor- 
ry!, excuse  me!; 
<>  HCT,  yjK  —  HTc!  oh  no, 
that  won't  do! 

HSBHHJflTbCfl  [iz^'v^in^attja] 
imperf  -Hiocb,  -fleiiibCH,  h3- 
BHHJHTbca  [iz*'v^in*'ittjaj  perf 

-K)Cb,     -HUlbCH,     p     -HJICH,     -H- 

jiacb,  imp   -HCb,  -Hxecb  apol- 
ogize, make  an  apology; 
<>  ~flK)Cb!  col  sorry! 

H3BJieK|aTb  [izvl^i'^kat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  MSBjieiHb 
[izvl^'ech^]  perf  -Ky,  -qeuib, 
-qeT,  -qexe,  -KyT,  p  H3B.neK, 
-KJia,  imp  -KH  1.  extract,  take 
out,  draw;  derive  {profit, 
etc);  2.:  ~aTb  ypoK  learn  a 
lesson. 

H3BHe  [izvn^'e]  adv  from 
without,  from  outside;  no- 
Momb  -~  outside  help. 

H3BOp6TJIHB|biH     [izVArotl^l- 

vty]  a  sh  f  — •,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
tricky,  dodgy,  resourceful. 

H3BpaTHTb    see   n3Bpam,aTb. 

usBpainjaTb     ^iZYFAsh^'iaf] 


—  151  — 


R33 


imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  H3Bpa- 
TJHTb  [izvrAt^it^]  perf  H3Bpa- 
my,  -Huib,  p  -liji,  imp  -H 
pervert,  distort,  twist  {mean- 
ing, words,  etc);  misinter- 
pret. 

HarHaHHJefizgnan^iya]  n  -h 
1.  banisliment,  expulsion;  2.: 
5KHTb  B  ~H  live  in  exile 
{abroad). 

H3ropoJilb  [izgarat^,  -d^]  / 
-H,  -eH  fence  (a  wall,  railing); 
5KHBafl  ^b  hedge. 

HSrOTOBHTbSee  HSrOTOBJlHIb. 

H3roTOBJi|flTb  [izgatAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  H3roT6- 
BJHTb  [izgAtov^it^]  perf  -Jiio, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  make, 
manufacture. 

HSAaJBETb  I  [izdAvat^]  im- 
perf -K),  -euih,  p  -BaJi,  imp 
-Bafi,  H3A|aTb  [izdat^]  perf 
-aM,  -aiiib,  -acT,  -aAHM,  -aAH- 
Te,  -aAYT,  p  -aJi,  -ajia,  -^jio, 
-ajiH,  imp  -aft  publish  (feoo/js, 
etc);  issue  {orders,  etc);  pro- 
mulgate {laws,  etc). 

H3AalBaTb  II  [izdAvat^] 
imperf  -ib,  -emb,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Baft,  H3fl|aTb  [izdat^]  perf 
-aM,  -aujb,  -acT,  -aAHM,  -a^H- 
Te,  -a^yT,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
-ajiH,  imp  -aft  1.  utter  {a 
sound);  2.  {no  perf)  give  out/ 
off  {a  smell);  -^saTb  bjiobo- 
HHe  stink,  stench. 

H3AajieKa  [izdaPi^ka]  adv 
from  afar,  from  a    distance. 

H3AaJiH  [izdal^i]  adv  from 
afar,  from  a  distance. 

H3AaHH|e  [izdan'^iya]  n  -h, 
-ft  1.  publication  {the  process 
of);  promulgation  {of  laws, 
etc);   publishing   {o(  newspa- 


pers, etc);  2.  edition;  nepHo- 
AH^ecKoe  -~-e  periodical. 

H3AaTejibCTBio  [izdat^il**- 
stva]  n  -a,  ~  publishing 
house. 

H3AaTb  I  see  HBAaBaxb  I. 

HSAaxb  II  seeHBAaBaxb  II  1. 

HBAeBaxeJibCTBlG  [iz^d^i®- 
vat^iPstvg]  n  -a,  —  mock- 
ery, jeering;  insult,  humilia- 
tion. 

H3AeB|dxbcsi  [iz^d^i^vattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH  jeer, 
mock,  scoff;  insult,  humili- 
ate. 

HSAeJiMJe  [iz^d^el^iya]  n -n, 
-ft  (manufactured)  article, 
ware;  rjiHHHHbie  —h  earthen- 
ware; KycxapHbie  ~h  handi- 
craft wares. 

H3Aep)K|KH  [iz^d^ershk'i]  pi 
-CK  cost(s)  {of  production,  etc); 
cyAe6Hbie  ~kh  costs  {of  a 
lawsuit);  c  6ojibmHMH  ~KaMH 
at  great  cost. 

H3%apHXb  see  >KapHXb. 

H3-3a  [izza;  in  the  first 
pretonic  position  —  izzA;  in 
the  second  pretonic  position  — 
izza]  prep  with  gen  denoting 
1.  movement  from  behind  or 
from  around  smth:  oh  BbiuieJi 
•~  AOMa  he  came  from  behind 
the  house;  Bcxaxb  —'  cxojia 
rise  from  the  table;  2.  cause 
or  reason:  n  onosAaji  ~  nero 
I'm  late  because  of  him, 
I  was  late  because  of  him; 
Mbi  He  noexaJiH  '-  ao)kah  we 
didn't  go  because  of  /  owing 
to  the  rain;  ~  Heocxop6>K- 
HocxH  through  carelessness; 
ccopHXbCH  '^  sero-Ji.  quarrel 
over  smth* 


HSJI 


—  152  — 


HSJiarlaib  [izlAgat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiiib,  HSJiOKJHTb  [IzIa- 
zhtt^]  perf  -y,  H3Ji6>KHiiib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  state  {a  request, 
one's  point  of  view,  etc); 
dwell  on  (a  subject). 

H3JiHiij|eK  [iz^l'^ishak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  surplus,  excess. 

H3JioiKeHH|e  [izlAzhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  account  {of  smb's 
speech,  etc);  statement  {of 
facts,  etc);  b  ero  [ee  u  m.  d.] 
~H  according  to  him  [her, 
etc]. 

H3JioiKHTb  see  H3JiaraTb. 

HSJiyHJaTb  [izluch^af^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  HSJiyniMTb 
[izluch^'it^]  perf  -y,  -riuib, 
p  -h;i,  imp  -\i    radiate    {also 

H3JiyHHHia[izluch^in9]  f  -u, 
'^  bend,    curve    {of    a  river). 

H3JiK)6jieHHbiH  [iz^l^ubl^m- 
niy]  a  [pa]   favourite. 

HSMeHja  [izm^'ens]  /  -bi,  -~ 
treason,  treachery,  betrayal; 
adultery. 

H3MeHeHHle  [izm^i^n^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  change,  al^ 
teration. 

HSMCHHTb  I  see  HSMCHHTb  I. 
H3MeHHTb  II  Sg^HBMeHHTb  II . 
HSMCHHTbCfl  see  HSMeHHTbCH. 

H3MeHHHK  [izm^en^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -oB  traitor. 

H3MeH4HB|biH  [izm^cn^ch^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  '^,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
changeable  {weather,  etc); 
fickle. 

MSMeHJ^Tb  I  [izm^'i^n^at^'j 
imperf  -hio,  -Heiiib,  H3MeHJHTb 
[izm^i^n^'it'']  perf  -io,  nsMe- 
HHuib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  change, 
alter. 


H3MeH|«Tb  II  [izm^i^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  H3MeH!HTb 
[izm'^i^n^it^J  perf  -i6,  HSMe- 
HHuib.  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  betray 
{one's  country,  etc);  be  false 
to;  be  unfaithful;  fail  {of 
one's  memory,    strength,  etc). 

H3MeH  I  flTbCJi  [  izm'^i'^n^attja] 
imperf  -nwcb,  -neiubCH,  h3- 
MeHiHTbca  [izm^i^n^ittja]  perf 

-K)Cb,      HSMeHHlUbCH,    p    -HJICH, 

-Hjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -rixecb 
change  {become  different). 

K3MepHTbSee  H3MepHTb. 

HswepiflTb  [izm^i*-'r^at^]  im- 
perf   -HK),      -HeUIb,      H3Mep|HTb 

[izm^er'^it^]  perf  -k),  -Huib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -b  measure,  i^auge. 

H3MyHeHHbiH  [  izmuch^mnty] 
a  \pa\^  haggard,     exhausted. 

H3MyMHTb  see  MyqnTb. 

H3MflTb    see    MHTb    2. 
H3M«TbCJI    see   MHTbCH    1. 

H3HaHlKa  [iznanko]  /  -kh 
wrong  /  reverse  side. 

H3Haii]HB|aTbCJi  [iznashiva- 
ttja]  /mpe/-/-aeTCH,H3HociHTb- 
CH  [iznAs'^ittsa]  perf  h3h6- 
CHTCH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb  Wear 
out  {of  shoes,  machine  parts, 
etc). 

H3HyTpH  [iznutr**!]  adv  from 
within;  on  the   inside. 

H30    see  H3. 

H30...  see  H3..^ 

H3o6MJiHle  [iz^Ab^il^iya]  n 
-H  abundance,  plenty. 

H3o5pa>KlaTb  [izabrAzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  H3o6pa|- 
3MTb  [izabrAz^it*']  perf  -my, 
-3H[iib,  p  -3HJI,  imp  -3H  depict, 
portray;  theat  represent; 
■0  ~aTb  H3  ce6a  make  one- 
self out  to  be. 


—  153  — 


HSU 


n^iya 


HSoSpajKCHHle  [izabrAzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  depiction, 
portrayal  {the  process  of)',  2. 
image,  picture. 

M3o6pa3MTb  see  H3o6paH<aTb. 

H3o6pecTH  see    HSodpexaTb. 

HSodpexaTejilb  [izabr^i^ta- 
t^.il'']  m  -H,  -eft  inventor. 

H3o5peTaTejibH|biM  [izsbr'^i^- 
tatil^niy]  a  sh  f  H3o6peTa- 
TeJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  inventive, 
ingenious. 

H3o6peT|aTb  [izabr^i^tat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  H3o6p|e- 
CTH  [izabr'^i^s'^t^i]  perf-ery, 
-CTemb,  p  -eji,  -ejia,  imp  -cth 
invent  {a  new  instrument,  etc). 

HsoSpeTeHHje  |izabr^i^t^e- 
n  -a,  -H  invention  {a 
new  device,  etc). 

H30JiHploBaTb  [izA^iravat^] 
perf  &  imperf  -yio,  -yeiub,  p 
-OBaJi,  imp  -yft  isolate;  tech- 
nol  also  insulate. 

H30JiflTop  [izApatar]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  technol  insulator;  2. 
isolation  ward  (m  a  hospital, 
etc). 

h30ji«uh1«  [izAPatjtya]  -h 
1.  isolation;  2.  (p/  -h,  -h) 
technol  insulation. 

H30MHeTCJi  [izAmn^ottsa] 
3d  person    of    H3MHTbCH;    see 

MHTbCH. 

H30MHH    [izAmn^i]    imp   of 

HSMHTb;    see    MHXb. 

H30MHy  [izAmnu],H30MHeuib 
[izAmnMsh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons   of  HSMHTb;  see  MHTb. 

HSOTon  [izAtop,  -b]  m  -a, 
-08  isotope. 

H3-noA  [ispot;  in  the  first 
pretonic  position  —  jspAt,  -d; 
in  the  second   and   other  pre- 


tonic positions  —  isp^t,  -d] 
prep  with  gen  denoting  1. 
movement  from  below  or  from 
under  smth:  —  cTOjia  from  un- 
der the  table;  ■—  cnera  from 
beneath  the  snow,  from  un- 
der the  snow;  2.  movement 
from  the  vicinity  of  smth:  -^ 
MocKBbi  from  near  Moscow; 
3.  the  former  purpose  of  a  re- 
ceptacle: 6yTbiJiKa  '-  MOJioKa 
milk  bottle;  Kop66Ka  -~  ch- 
rapeT  cigarette  box;  KyBuiHH 
~  BHHa  jug  in  which  there 
was  wine. 

H3paHJibCK|HH  [izrail^sk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Israeli. 

HspacxoAOBaxb  see  pacxo- 
flOBaib. 

H3peAKa  [izr^itka]  adv  now 
and  then,  from  time  to  time. 

HSpCHCHH  |e  [izr^i^ch^en^iyaj 
n  -H,  -ft    apothegm,    maxim. 

H3yMHTejibH|biH  [izurfi^i- 
f'lPniy]  a  sh  f  HsyMHTe- 
jieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  amazing,  won- 
derful. 

H3yMJieHHle  [izumPen^'iya] 
n  -H  amazement,  wonder. 

H3yH|aTb  [izuch^at^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeujb,  HsyHJHTb  [izu- 
ch^it^]  perf  -y,  H3yqHiiJb,  p 
-Hji,  imp  -H  1.  study,  mak-e  a 
study  of;  master  {a  language, 
etc);  2.  {no  imperf)  learn; 
come  /  get  to  know. 

H3'b...  see  H3... 

H3'bflTb    see   H3bIMaTb. 

MSbiMJaTb  [iztmat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  H3iifl|Tb  [iz**- 
yat^]  perf  HSbiMy,  HSbiMemb, 
p  -Ji,  imp  H3biMH  withdraw, 
remove  {Jrom  sale,  circulation, 
etc). 


H3bl 


154  — 


H3bicKaHHle  [iziskan^iya]  n 
-n,  pi  -H,  -H  1.  finding,  pro- 
curing; 2.  {mostly  pi)  inves- 
tigation, research;  geol  pros- 
pecting. 

HSbicKaHHJbiH  [izislonnty] 
a  [pa]  sh  f  H3bicKaH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
refined  {taste,  manners,  etc); 
dainty  {dish). 

H3K)M  [iz^um]  m  -a  (-y)  rai- 
sins. 

H3iiii^HlbiA  [iz^ash^iniy]  a 
sh  f  H3HiueH,  -a,  -o,  -u  ele- 
gant, graceful,  refined. 

HKaTb  [ikat^]  imperf  hkAio, 
HKaeiiib,  HKHlyxb  [iknut''] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
hiccup,  hiccough. 

HKOHia  [ikona]  /  -bi,  —  icon 
(a  sacred  image). 

HKp|d  I  [ikra]  /  -bi  1.  roe, 
spawn;  2.  caviare  {food);  3. 
paste  [made  from  vegetables). 

HKpla  II  [ikra]  /  see  HKpbi. 

HKpw  [ikri]  pi  HKp  {sing 
HKpja  /  -bi)  calfs  {of  the  leg). 

HJi  [il]  m  HJia  silt. 

HJiH  [il^'i]  cj  denoting!,  an 
alternative,  sometimes  cou- 
pled with  addition,  connexion 
or  with  warning,  threat  or; 
Tenepb  ~  HMKor^a  now  or 
never;  na  6epery  peKH,  npy^a 
'-  osepa  on  the  bank  of  a  riv- 
er, pond,  or  a  lake;  ~...  --... 
either...  or...;  —  >Ke  or  (else); 
2.  explanation  {always  pre- 
ceded by  a  comma):  asponJi^H, 
~  caMOJieT,  6biJi  H3o6peTeH... 
the  airplane,  or  the  aircraft, 
was  invented... 

HJiJiioMHHaTop  fiPum^ina- 
tarjm  -a, -ob  porthole,  scuttle. 

H^iJiiOMHHanHlfl   [il^'um'^ina- 


tslya]  /  -H,  -H  illumination 
{for  a  festival,  etc). 

HJiJiK)CTpauH|5i  [il^ustra- 
tslya]  /  -H,    -H    illustration. 

HJIJlK)CTpHplOBaTb[il^UStr^i- 

ravaf*]  perf  &  imper4  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yft  il- 
lustrate. 

HM  [im]  I  instr  of  oh  &  oho; 
see  oh; 
II  dat  of  ohh;  see  oh. 

HMCHH  [im^in^'i],  hmSh 
[im*'6n]  see  hmh. 

HM^HH'ie  [im^^n^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  estate,    landed    property. 

HMeHHo  [im^inna]  part  1. 
denoting  specification,  indi- 
cation, emphasis,  etc.  mhc 
HyjKHo  ~  3T0  this  is  exactly 
what  I  want;  —  sTa  KHHra 
just  this  very  book;  —  Bhk- 
Top  c;ieJiaJi  sto  it  was  Victor 
who  did  it;  hot  —  TaM  h  na- 
iiieji  ero  just  where  I  found 
him;  it's  just  the  place  where 
I  found  him;  kto  [mto,  r^e 
u  m.  n.]  ^?  who  [what, 
where,  etc]  exactly?;  2.  used 
in  explanatory  parts  of  a  sen- 
tence and  before  enumeration 
namely;  that  is;  viz;  3.;  bot 
— !  that's  it!;  exactly! 

HMeJTb  [im^et^]  imperf  -lo, 
-emb  have  {1)  possess;  own; 
2)  possess  as  a  quality,  etc); 
~Tb  3HaHeHHe  be  of  impor- 
tance ; 
<>  ~Tb  MecTo  take  place. 

HMe|TbCJi  [im^ettja]  imperf 
-ctch:  ~TbCH  HajiHuo  be  avail- 
able; be  on  hand;  be  present; 
B  6H6JiHOTeKe  —ctch  necKOJib- 
Ko  KHHf  no  sTOMy  Bonpocy 
there    are   several    books   on 


—  J55  — 


HHe 


the  subject  at  the  library; 
the  library  has  several  books 
on  the  subject. 

HMH  [imi]  instr  of  ohh; 
see  oh. 

HMnepHajiHSM  [imp^ir^iA- 
Pizm]  m  -a  imperialism. 

HMnepHajiHCTMHecK|HH  [im- 
p^ir^iaPist^i'ch^isk^iy]  a  -aH, 
-oe,  -He  imperialist(ic). 

HMnopT  [impart,  -d]  m  -a 
econ  import;  imports. 

HMnopTHploBaTb  [impArt^i- 
r9V9t^]  perf  Sc  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yH  econ 
import. 

HMymecTB|o  [imush*':istv9] 
n  -a  property  {things  owned); 
belongings,  possessions;  ne- 
ABHJKHMoe  ~o  real  estate. 

HMH     [im^9]     n     HMCHH,      pi 

HMCHa,  HMCH,  HMCHaM  1.  name 
{an  appellation)',  2.  name, 
fame;  npHo6pecTH  —  become 
famous;  3.  ling:  ~  cymecxsH- 
TCJibHoe  noun;  --  npHJiara- 
TCJibHoe  adjective;  '-  qHCJiH- 
TCJibHoe  numeral; 
<0>  ox  HMCHH  on  behalf  of; 
Hasbiearb  eemH  cbohmh  HMe- 
HaMH  =  call  a  spade  a  spade; 
c  HMeHCM  well-known. 

HHane  [inach^i]  &  uname 
[inach^i]  I  arfo  differently,  in 
another  way; 
II  cj  or  (else),  otherwise; 
<>  xaK  HjiH  ~  in  any  case; 
in  one  way  or  another;  ne 
~  KaK  OH  cflejiaji  axo  col  it's 
he  who  has  done  it. 

HHBajiHA  [invAPit,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  invalid;  ^  xpy^a 
disabled  worker. 

HHBeHxap|b  [inv^i^ntar'J  m 


-H  1.  stock,  equipment;  xop- 
roBbiH  -~b  stock-in-trade 
{tools,  materials);  2.  invento- 
ry, catalogue. 

HHAe|eu  [in^d^ey9tj,  -dz]  m 
-Hua,  -HueB  (American  /  Red) 
Indian. 

HHAeflcK|HH  [in^d'eysk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  (American/ 
Red)  Indian. 

HHAHdH|Ka  [in^d^iank9]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  [c/ HHAHeu]  Indian 
woman;  Indian  girl;  2.  (Amer- 
ican /  Red)  Indian  woman; 
(American /Red)  Indian  girl. 

HHAHBHAydjibHibiH  [in^d^i- 
v^iduaPniy]  a  sh  f  hhahbh- 
Ayajien,  -a,  -o,  -bi  individ- 
ual. 

HHAH|eu  [in^d''iy9tj,  -dz]  m 
-Hua,  -HUCB  Indian  {a  native 
or  inhabitant  of  India).  • 

hhahhck|hh  [in'^d^iysk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Indian  {of  In- 
dia) . 

HHAOHesMJeu  [ind9n^i^z^i- 
y9tj,  -dz]  m  -Hua,  -hucb  In- 
donesian. 

HHAOHesHHCKJHH  [indan^i^- 
z^iysk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne 
Indonesian. 

HHAycxpHajiH3ai;Hlji  [indust- 
r^i9Pizatjiy9]  /  -h  industri- 
alization. 

HHAycxpHlH  [industr^iy9]  / 
-h  industry  {light,  heavy). 

HHAK)K  [in^d**uk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  turkey  (-cock). 

HHAH)ui|Ka  [in^d^ushk9]  f 
-KH,  -eK  turkey(-hen). 

HHe|H  [in^iy]  m  -h  hoarfrost. 

HHepxH|biH  [in^ertnty]  ash 
f  HHepxeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  inert 
{also  fig). 


hhx 


—  155  — 


HHJKCHep  [inzhi^n^er]  m 
-a,  pi  -bi,  -OB  (civil)  engineer 
{with  college  education). 

HHHi;Haji|bi  [in^'itsiali]  pi 
-OB  {sing  MHHUHaji  m  -a)  ini- 
tials. 

HHHUHaTHBla  [in^itsiAt^i- 
V8]  /  -bi  initiative. 

HHorAa  [inAgda]  adv  some- 
times. 

HHOH  [inoyl  a  1.  different 
{shape,  approach,  etc);  hkhmh 
CJioBaMH  in  other  words; 
2.  some  {certain  but  unspeci- 
fied); B  HHbix  cJiy^aHx  in 
some  matters; 

O  HHoe  Aejio  (it's)  another 
matter;  ~  pas  sometimes, 
at  times;  He  kto  -^j  naK... 
none  other  than... 

HHOCTpaHJeu  [inAstran^itj, 
-dz}  m  -ua,  -ueB  foreigner. 

MHocTpaHHbiH  [ inAstrannty] 
a  foreign  {language,  etc). 

HHcneKTOp  [insp^ektar]  m 
-a,  pi  -a,  -OB  inspector. 

HHCTHHKT  '[ins^t^inkt,  -gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  instinct. 

MHCTHxyT-  fin^s^'t^'itut,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.'  college  {of  high- 
er learning);  institute  {edu- 
cational or  scientific);  2.  in- 
stitution {established  law, 
custom,  practice,  etc). 

HHCxpyKTOp  [instruktar]  m 
-a,  pi  -bi  (-a),  -OB  (-6b)  in- 
structor {mainly  in  sports). 

HHCxpyKUH^si  [instruktjiya] 
/  -H,  -H  instructions,  direc- 
tions, orders. 

HHCTpyMCHT  [  instrum^cnt , 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  instrument, 
tool  {also  fig);  implement(s). 

iiHTejijiHreHTH|uH  [in'^t^'iPi- 


g^entniy]  a  sh  f  HHieJiJiHreH- 
TCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  cultured,  edu- 
cated. 

HHTCjiJiHreHUHlR  [in^t^iPi- 
g^entsiya]  /  -h  intelligentsia, 
intellectuals. 

HHTepBeHUH|fl  [int^i^rv^en- 
tjiya]  /  -H,  -H  intervention 
{invasion). 

HHTepBbK)  [interv^yu]  n  in- 
decl  interview  {for  the  press). 

HHiepec  [in^t^i^r^es,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  interest  {1)  concern  or 
curiosity;  2)  importance). 

HHTepecH|biH  [in^t^i^r^es- 
nty]  a  sh  f  HHTepecen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  interesting  (fact, 
etc);  2.  attractive  {woman, 
etc). 

HHxepecloBaTbcsi  (in^t^ir^i- 
SAvattja]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yeuib- 
CH,  p  -OBaJiCH,  -OBajiacb,  imp. 
-yflcH,  -yflxecb  be  interested 
{in),  care  {for). 

HHxepHax  [int^i^rnat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  boarding-school. 

HHxepHauHOHaji  [interna- 
tjtAnal]  m  -a  1.  {pi  -u,  -ob) 
International  {the  organiza- 
tion); 2.  (H.)  the  Internatio- 
nale. 

HHxepHau,HOHajibH|biii  [in- 
ternatsiAnal^'niy]  a  sh  f  hh- 
xepHauHOHaJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
international. 

HHXHMH|biH  [in^f'imnty] 
a  sh  f  HHXHMeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
intimate,  familiar. 

HHxpHrla  [intr^iga]  /  -h, 
~   intrigue. 

HH(l)eKUM|fl  [inf^ektjiya]  / 
-H  infection  {a  disease). 

HH^JJiflUHifl  [infl'^atstyaj  | 
-H  econ  inflation. 


—  157  — 


ncK 


HH(t)0pMauHl5!  [infArma- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  1.  information, 
news;  2.    data,    information. 

HH4)opMMp|oBaTb  [infArm^i- 
ravat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yft  in- 
form {acquaint  with   a   fact). 

HHUHACHT  [intjid^ent,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  incident,  happen- 
ing. 

H.o.  [i-6]  abbrev  (=  HcnoJi- 
HHiomHH  o6H3aHHOcTH)  acting 
{for  another);  h.o.  AHpeKTopa 
acting  director. 

HnnonpOM  [ipAdrom]  m  -a, 
-OB  hippodrome,  racecourse, 
the  turf. 

HpaKCKJHH  [iraksk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Iraqi. 

HpaHJeu  [iran^itj,  -dz]  m 
-Ubi,  -ueB  Iranean. 

HpaHCK|HH  [iransk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -ne  Iranian. 

HpJiaHAleu  [irlan^d^its,  -dz] 
m  -na,  -ues   Irishman. 

HpjiaHflCKJHH  [irlansk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Irish. 

HpoHHHecKlHH  [irAu^ich^i- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  ironical. 

Hp6HH|fl  [iron^iya]  /  -h 
irony. 

Hc...  see  H3... 

HCK  [isk.  izg]  m  -a,  -ob 
law  action,  lawsuit. 

HCKaMJaTb  [iskAzhat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuLib,  ucKaslHTb 
[iskAz^it^]  perf  HCKascy,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  distort,  misrep- 
resent. 

HCKaweHHle  [iskAzhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  distortion,  misrep- 
resentation. 

HCKasMTb  see  HCKajKaxb. 

HCKiaxb     [iskat'']      imperf 


Hmy,  Hmeuib,  p  -aji,  imp 
HiuH  look  for,  search  for; 
seek  {employment ,  etc). 

HCKjiK)H|aTb  [iskl^uch^'at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  hckjik)- 
HJMTb  [iskl^uch^it^]  perf  -y, 
-Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  ex- 
clude, rule  out,  preclude; 
2.  expel  {from  school,  etc). 

HCKjiioHeHHle  [iskPuch^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  exclusion, 
elimination;  2.  expulsion 
{from  school,  etc);  3.  excep- 
tion {to  a  rule). 

HCKjiioHHTejibHQ  [iskl^uch^i- 
t^il^na]  1  adv  exceptionally; 
II  part  exclusively,  only. 

HCKJIK)4MTejIbH|bIH       [iskPu- 

ch'^it^il^'niy]  a  sh  f  hckjik)- 
HHTeJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  exception- 
al; ~oe  npaBo  exclusive 
right. 

HCKJIIOHHTb    see      HCKJlKDHaXb. 

ucKonaeMbiH  [iskApayamly] 

I  a  fossil; 

II  as  a  noun  h  c  k  o  n  a  e  - 
M  I  bi  e  pi  -bix  minerals. 

HCKOpeHHTb  see  HCKOpeUHTb. 

HCKOpeHJaTb  [iskar^'i'^n^at''] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  HCKope- 
H|HTb  [iskar^i^n^it**]  perf  -k>, 
-Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  eradi- 
cate. 

HCKpja    [iskra]    /    -bi,     ^ 
spark;  fig  also  gleam; 
<>  y  Hero  ~bi  h3    rjias    no- 
cbinajiHCb  ^  he  saw  stars. 

HCKpeHH|HH  [iskr^m^n^iy] 
a  sh  f  HCKpeHeH,  -a,  -e  (-o), 
-H  (-bi)  sincere,  frank,  can- 
did; unaffected. 

HCKpHBjieHH|e  [iskr^ivl^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  I.  bend, 
curve;     2.    med     curvature; 


HCR 


155  — 


3.  fig  distortion  {of  apolitical 
line,  etc). 

HCKyniaxb  I  see  Kynaxb. 

HCKvn  axb  II  [iskupat''] 
imper'f  -aio,  -aeiiib,  HCKynlMib 
[iskup^it^]  perf  -Jiib,  HCKy- 
RHLUb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  expi- 
ate, atone  for;  2.  make  up 
for,  compensate. 

HCKynaTbCH    see   Kynaibcn. 

HCKynHTb  see  HCKynaib  II. 

HCKycH|biH  [iskusniy]  as/i  / 
HCKyceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  skilful, 
clever,  expert. 

HCKyccTBeHH|biH  [iskus^t^- 
v^mniy]  a  sh  f  HCKyccxBen, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  artificial. 

HCKyccTB|o  [iskustva]  n  -a, 
—  1.  art  {1}  painting,  sculp- 
ture, etc;  2)  of  medicine,  war, 
etc);  H3o6pa3HTe.ibHbie  ~a 
fine  arts;  2.  skill,  art,  crafts- 
manship. 

HCJiaHfljeu,  [islan^dhtj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Icelander. 

HCJiaHACKJHH  [islansk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Iceland(ic). 

HcnaHJei;  [ispan^itj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -ues  Spaniard. 

McnaHCK|HH  [ispansk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Spanish. 

HcnapeHHJe  [ispAr^en^iya] 
n  -H,  pi  -H,  -H  1.  evapora- 
tion; 2.  pi  fume(s),  vapour; 
BpeAHbie  —  H  miasma. 

ucnapHTbcn  see  HcnapHTbCH. 

Hcnap|HTbCfl  [ispAr^dttja] 
Imperf  -^locb,  -HeiiibCH,  Hcna- 
p|HTbc$i      [ispAr^ittja]      perf 

-K)Cb,  -HUIbCa,  p  -HJICH, 
-H.iaCb,    imp     -HCb,     -HTeCb    1. 

evaporate  {become  vapour); 
2.  fig  col  disappear,  vanish, 
evaporate. 


HcnaHKaib  see  naqKaib. 

HcneHb  see  neMb  I  1. 

McnoBeflloBaTb  [ispAv'^eda- 
vat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yfl  1. 
confess  {hear  a  confession); 
2.  {no  perf)  profess  {beliefs, 
etc). 

McnoATHiiiKa  [ispat^t^ishka] 
adv  col  stealthily,  in  an  un- 
derhand way;  CMenxbCH  --' 
laugh  in  one's  sleeve. 

HcnojiKOM  [ispAlkom]  m  -a, 

-OB   (  =  HCnOJIHHTeJIbHblft  KOMH- 

Tei)  executive  comrriittee/ 
board. 

HcnojiHeHH|e  [ispAln^e- 

n^iya]  n  -h  1.  fulfilment, 
execution;  2.  performance 
{of  a  play,  etc);  b  ~h..,  per- 
formed /  played  by...;  sung 
by...; 

<>  npHBOAHTb  B  ~e  carry 
out,  execute,  put  into  effect. 

Hcno.iHHTeji|b[ispAln^it*'il^] 
m  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  executor 
{a  person  who  does  smth);  2. 
theat  performer;  pi  cast;  kto 
~b  rJiasHOH  poJiH?  who  plays 
the  leading  part?; 
O  cy^eSHbiH  -~b  bailiff. 

HcnojiHHTejibH|biH  [ispAl- 
n^it^il^'nty]  a  sh  f  hchojihh- 
TCJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  executive 
{committee,  power,  etc);  2. 
industrious,  painstaking; 
<>  ~biii  jiHCT  writ  of  execu- 
tion. 

McnojiHHTb  see    HcnoJiHHib. 

HcnojiHUTbCfl  see  HcnoJiH^Tb- 

CH. 

McnojiHl«Tb  [ispAln^at^'l 
imperf  -hk),  -Heuib,  Hcnoji- 
uluTb    [ispoln^'it^J    perf    -w. 


—  159  — 


HCT 


-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  carry 
out,  fulfil,  execute;  2.  theat 
perform. 

HcnojiH|flTLCJi  [ispAln^attja] 
imperf  -HeTCH,  HcnojiHJHTbCfl 
[ispoln^ittja]  perf  -htch  1. 
be  fulfilled;  come  true  {of 
dreams,  etc);  2.  impers  {of 
age,  time):  saBxpa  MHe  Hcnoji- 
HHTCH  ABaAuaxb  jiex  I'll  be 
twenty  tomorrow. 

Hcn6jib3|oBaTb  [ispol^za- 
V9t'']  perf  &  impsrf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -OBaJi,  imp  -yft  use, 
utilize,  make  use  of;  make 
the  most  of;  take  advantage 
of;  exploit,  turn  to  (one's) 
account. 

HcnopTHTb  see  nopxHTb. 

HcnopTHTbca  see  nopTHTbCH. 

Hcn6pHeHH|bm  [isporch^m- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  Hcnopqen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  spoilt;  rotten, 
bad,  decayed;  2.  vicious, 
spoilt  {child,  etc). 

HcnpaBHTb  see  HcnpaeJiHTb. 

HcnpaBHTbcsi    see     Hcnpas- 

JIHTbCn. 

Hcnpaejij^Tb  [isprAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hio,  -neuib,  Hcnpa- 
B|HTb  [isprav^it^]  perf  -jifo, 
-Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1.  re- 
pair, mend;  2.  correct  {a 
mistake,  etc);  ~HTb  nojio>Ke- 
HHe  improve  the  situation; 
3.  reform,  correct  {smb). 

HcnpaBJi|nTbcn  [isprAvl^a- 
ttsa]  imperf  -^locb,  -neuibCH, 
HcnpaB  I  HTbcsi  [isprav'itts9] 
perf  -Jiiocb,  -HUJbCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  im- 
prove, change  for  the  better, 
reform  {of  a  child,  criminal, 
etc). 


,i^      [ispitan^iys] 
test,    trial;  2. 


Hcnyr  [ispuk,  -g]  m  -a  (-y) 
fright,  scare. 

Hcnyraxb  see  nyraxb. 

HcnyraxbCfl  see  nyraxbCH. 

HcnbixaHMJe 
n    -H,    -H 
examination    {for    students)', 
3.  test,  trial,  ordeal. 

Hcnuxaxb  see   Hcnbixbmaxb. 

HcnbixbiBJaxb  [ispltivat^] 
Imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Hcnbixjaxb 
[ispitat**]     perf    -aio,    -aemb 

1.  test,  put  to  the  test,  try; 

2.  experience,      feel    {fear, 
pleasure,  etc). 

HccjicAOBaHHle  [is^s^l^eda- 
van^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  investi- 
gation, research;  exploration 
{of  a  country);  analysis  {of 
blood,  etc);  2.  paper,  essay, 
dissertation. 

HCCJieflOBaxejilb  [is^s^Pe- 
davat^il'']  m  -h,  -eft  investi- 
gator, explorer. 

HccjicAJOBaxb  [is^s^l^eda- 
vat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -OBavX,  imp  -yft  1. 
investigate,  make  a  thorough 
study  of;  explore;  2.  med 
examine;  analyse  {blood,  etc). 

HCC5iK|axb  [is^s^i^kat^]  im- 
perf Aqt,  HccnKH|yxb  [is^- 
s^'aknut^]  perf  -ex,  p  hcchk, 
HCCHKJia  be  exhausted  {of 
supplies,  patience,  etc). 

HcxcKiaxb  [is^f'i^kat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  HCx|eHb[is^- 
t^ech^]  perf  -exy,  -CMeuib,  p 
-eK,,  -CKJia,  imp  -ckh  1.  elapse, 
expire;  BpeMH  ~-ji6  the  time 
is  up;  2.:  —axb  KpoBbK)  bleed 
profusely. 

HcxHHJa  [is^t^ina]  /  -u,  — - 
truth,  verity. 


HCT 


—  160 


HCTHHH|biH  [is^t^innty]  a 
sh  f  HCTHHCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  Ver- 
itable, true. 

HCTOpHK  [istor^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  historian,  student  of 
history. 

HCTopHMecK|HH  [istAr^ich^i- 
sli^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1.  his- 
torical {science,  epoch,  etc);  2. 
historic  {figure,  speech,    etc). 

HCTopHJJi  [istor^iya]  /  -h, 
-H  1.  history  {of  a  nation, 
etc);  2.  story  (1)  a  happening; 
2)  a  narrative,  tale). 

HCTOHHHK  [istoch^'n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  spring  {of  water); 
source  {also  fig). 

HCTomjaTb  [istAsh^:at^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  HCTOiu,iHTb 
[istAsh'^iit^]  perf  -y,  -Hiiib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  exhaust,  use 
up;  2.  exhaust,  tire  out,  wear 
out. 

HCTpaxHTb  see  xpaxHTb. 

HCTpeSHTejijb  [istr^i^b^i- 
t^iP]  m  -H,    -efl    av    fighter. 

HCTpe6HTb  see    HCTpe6jiHTb. 

HCTpeSjilflTb  [istr^i^bl^at^] 
imperf  -hhd,  -aemb,  Hcxpe- 
6lMxb  [istr^i^b^it^]  perf  -Jiib, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  destroy, 
annihilate;  exterminate. 

Hcxfl3|axb  [is^f^i^zaf"]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub  torture. 

Hcxofl  [iskhot,  -d]m-a  out- 
come, result; 

<>  6bixb    Ha    ~e   be    coming 
to  an  end,  be  nearing  the  end. 

HcxloflHxb  [iskhAd'^it^]  im- 
perf -o>Ky,  -oAHiiib,  p  -oAHJi, 
imp  -OAH  1.  issue  {from),  come 
{from);  originate  {from);  2. 
proceed  {from)  {an  assump- 
tion, etc). 


HCHesjaxb  [ishch^i^zat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  hchcs- 
HJyxb  [ishch^eznuf^]  perf  -y, 
-einb,  p  HCHea,  Hcnesjia,  imp 
-H  disappear,  vanish. 

HCHepnaxb  see  HCMepnbiBaxb. 

HCHepnbiBJaxb  [ishch^erpi- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
HCHepn|axb  [ishch^erpat''] 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib  exhaust,  use 
up;  Bonpoc  Hcqepnan  the 
question  is  settled. 

HCHepnbiBaK)iu,|HM  [ishch^er- 
piv9yush^:iy]  a  [pa\  -an,  -ee, 
-He  exhaustive,  comprehen- 
sive. 

HxaK  [itak,  -g]  cy  denoting 
conclusion,  summing  up  thus, 
so. 

HxajibflHlei;  [itApyan^its, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ueB  Italian. 

HxajibnHCKJHH  [ItAPyan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Italian. 

H  X.  A.  [i-te-de,  itAgdaPiya] 
abbrev  (=h  xaK  Aajiee)  and 
so  on,  and  so  forth;  etc  (et 
cetera). 

Hxor  [itok,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
sum,  total;  result  {also  fig); 
<>  B  -~e  as  a  result;  in  the  end. 

H  X.  n.  [i-te-pe,  itAmCipA- 
dobnaya]  abbrev  (=h  xomv 
noAofinoe)  and  the  like;  and 
so  on,  and  so  forth. 

Hx  [ikh,  igh]  I  gen    &  ace 
of  ohh;  see  oh; 
II  pron  poss   corresp    to   ohh 
their;  theirs. 

HiuH  [ish^'.i]  see  HCKaxb. 

Hmy  [ish'^iu],  Hmeuib 
[ish^:ish,  -zh]  see  HCKaxb. 

KK)Ji\b  [iyul^]  m    -H    July. 

HK)Hib  fiyun'']  m  -h    June. 

iiOA  [yot,  -d]  m  -a   iodine. 


^.  161 


KSLH 


K 


K  [k,  g],  KO  [ko;  in  the 
first  pretonic  position  —  k a; 
in  the  second  pretonic  posi- 
tion —  ka]  prep  with  dat  de- 
noting 1.  an  action  or  move- 
ment directed  to,  towards  smb, 
smth:  noAOHTH  k  aockc  go  up 
to  the  black-board;  come  up 
to  the  black-board;  hath 
K  cTOJiy  go  to  the  table,  go 
towards  the  table;  npH6jiH- 
3HTbCH  K  qeMy-Ji.  [kkomy-ji.] 
approach  smth  [smb];  noS- 
TH  K  Bpa'iy  go  to  the  doc- 
tor, go  and  see  the  doctor; 
o6paTHTbCH  K  KOMy-ji.  address 
smb;  turn  to  smb  {for  smth); 
o6paTHTbCH  K  Bpauy  consult 
a  doctor;  take  medical  advice; 
KO  MHe  npHiuJiH  ApysbH  my 
friends  have  come  [came]  to 
see  me  /  to  my  place;  saftxH 
K  KOMy-Ji.  call  on  smb;  2.  con- 
tiguity: npHCJiOHHTbCH  K  CTCHC 

lean  against  the  wall;  3.  ad- 
dition, joining,  belonging, 
etc:  K  OAHOMy  npH6aBHTb  xpn 
add  three  to  one;  npHMKHyTb 
K  KaKOH-Ji.  rpynne  join  a 
group,  side  with  a  group; 
np^coeAHHHTbCH  K  HbeMy-Ji. 
MHeHHK)  subscribe  to  smb's 
opinion;  npHHaAJieJKarb  k  Ka- 
Koii-Ji.  napTHH  be  a  member 
of  a  party;  A.  time  limit:  k 
TpeM  MacaM  by  three  o'clock; 

5.  purpose:  roTOBHTbCH  k  ne- 
My-Ji.  get  ready  for  smth, 
prepare  for  smth;  nepeoAexbCH 
K  o6eAy    change    for    dinner; 

6.  attitude  to,    treatment   of: 


;iio66Bb  K...  love  of...;  love 
for . . .  /  to. . . ;  AOBepHe  k  KOMy-ji. 
confidence  in  smb,  trust  in 
smb;  7.  appeal,  call:  k  h6- 
BbiM  ycnexaM!  may  we  [you] 
score  further  successes! 

Ka6aH|6K  [kabACh^'ok,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KoB  vegetable  marrow. 

KaSejijb  [kab^iP]  m  -h,  -eft 
cable. 

KaSiiHla  [kAb^ina]  /  -bi,  ^ 
booth,  box;  bathing-hut;  ~a 
rpysoBHKa  [Kpana  u  m.  n.] 
box  /  cab  of  a  lorry  [crane, 
etc];  ~a  JiemnKa  cockpit. 

Ka6HHeT  [kab^in^et,  -dj  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  private  office; 
study  (a  room);  2.  med  con- 
sulting room,  surgery;  3.  pot 
cabinet. 

KaSjiyK  [kAbluk,  -g]  m   -a, 
-OB  heel  {of  the  shoe); 
<>  6biTb  noA  ~6m    y    Koro-ji. 
col  ^  be  under  smb's  thumb. 

KaBajiepH|ji  [kavAl^er^iya] 
/  -H  cavalry. 

KaeuHlKH  [kAvkh^k^i]  pi 
-CK  {sing  KaebiHKla  /  -h)  in- 
verted commas,  quotation- 
-marks;  b  ~Kax  in  inverted 
commas  [also  see  <>]; 
<>  B  ~Kax  so-called. 

KaAp  [kadr]  m  -a,  -ob  shot, 
sequence  {in  motion  pictures); 
still  {a  photograph). 

Kaflplbi  [kadri]  pi  -ob  1. 
personnel  {skilled  specialists 
and  workers  in  a  certain  field); 
noAroTOBKa  --ob  training  of 
specialists /personnel;  2.  mil 
cadre. 


Kax 


162  — 


KaKAJWH  [kazhdty]  I  pron 
every,  each;  ~bie  nHTb  ahch 
every  five  days; 
II  as  a  noun  Ka»A|biH  m 
-oro,  -bix  everyone;  ot  —- oro 
no  cnoc66HOCTHM,  ~0My  —  no 
ero  Tpy^y  from  each  accord- 
ing to  his  ability,  to  each 
according  to  his  work. 

KaiKycb  [kAzhus^,  -z^],  na- 
KeuibCJ!  [kazhashs^a]  see  Ka- 
saxbCH. 

KasaK  [kAzak,  -g]  m  -a,  pi 
-11  (-H),  -OB  (-ob)  Cossack. 

KasjaTbCH  [kAzattja]  1  im- 
perf  Ka»<ycb,  KajKeuibcn,  p 
-aJicH,  -aJiacb,  nolKasaxbcji 
[pakAzattja]  perf  1.  seem, 
appear,  look;  -^-aibCH  cxpan- 
HUM  [cMemHbiM  u  m.  n.]  seem 
strange  [ridiculous,  etc];  2. 
impers:  Ka>KeTCH,  mto...  it 
seems  that...;  eiviy  Ka>KeTCH, 
»iTo...  it  seems  to  him  that...; 
II  as  parenth  Ka>KeTCH  it 
seems  (that);  KasaJiocb  it 
seemed  (that);  Ka>KeTC5i,  hh- 
KTo  He  ono3AaJi  it  looks  like 
everybody  was  in  time;    ~a- 

JlOCb,      MTO      HHKTO      HC      SHaCT 

o6  3T0M  it  seemed  (that)  no- 
body knew  about  it;  Bce, 
'-aJiocb,  ujjio  xopoiiio  all 
seemed  to  be  going  well. 

Kasax  [kAzakh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-08     Kazakh. 

KasaxcKJHH  [kAzakhsk^'iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Kazakh. 

Ka3au,KiHH  [kAzatjk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Cossack. 

Ka3aM]Ka  [kAzach^ka]  /  -kh, 
-en  Cossack  woman;  Cossack 
girl. 

KaaauilKa  [kAzashka]  / -kh, 


-CK  Kazakh  woman;    Kazakh 
girl. 

KaseHHbiM  [kAz^onniy]  a  1. 
public  {property,  money,  etc); 

2.  fig   bureaucratic,    formal; 

3.  commonplace,  trite. 
Ka3HaHe|H  [kaznAch^ey]   m 

-Ji,  -CB  treasurer;   paymaster. 

KasHJHTb  [kAz^n^it^]  perf 
&  imperf  -ib,  -Huib,-  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  execute,  put  to  death. 

Ka3H|b  [kaz^n'']  /  -h,  -eft 
execution,  capital  punish- 
ment;   npHFOBOpHTb    K    CMCpT- 

HOH  ~H  sentence  to  death. 
KaK  [kak,  -g]  I  adv  inter, 
ret  &  def  how;  ~  mhc  npoHTH 
Ha  KpacHyio  njiomaflb?  how 
do  J  get  to  the  Red  Square?, 
can  you  tell  me  the  way  to 
the  Red  Square?;  ^  Baiue 
SAopoBbe?  how  are  you?;  — 
Bac  30ByT?  what  is  your 
name?  ~  sto  HasbiBaexcH? 
what  do  you  call  it?;  —  na- 
3biBaeTCH  3T0T  ^^HjibM?  what 
is  the  title  of  the  film?;  ^ 
Bbi  CKasaJiH?  what  did  you 
say?;     ~     Bbi    oTHocHxecb    k 

TOMy,  MT66bI  nOHTH   B  KHHO? 

what  do  you  think  of  going 
to  the  cinema?;  51  3a6biji,  ~ 
9T0  ACJiaeiCH  I  forget  how  to 
do  it;  BOT  ~  Mbi  nyTemecT- 
BOBaJiH  that's  how  we  trav- 
elled; BOX  —  HaAO  9T0  CAe- 
jiaTb  that's  the  way  to  do 
it;  ^  xoJioAHo!  how  cold  it 
is!;  -~  BaM  He  ctuaho!  you 
ought  to  be  ashamed  of  your- 
self!; ^  >Kajib!  what  a  pity!; 
II  part  denoting  1,  surprise, 
indignation:  ~,  oh  eme  He 
npHuieji?    what,    Ke     hasn't 


163 


KaK 


come  yet?;  2.  a  sudden  and 
vigorous  character  of  an  ac- 
tion expressed  by  perf:  ona  -~ 
saKpHMHT!  all  of  a  sudden 
she  screamed  /  yelled; 
III  cj  1.  denoting  comparison 
like;  as;  oh  roBopHT,  ~  pyc- 
CKHfl  he  speaks  like  a  Rus- 
sian; roBoppo  Te6e  -'  Apyr 
I'm  telling  you  this  as  a 
friend;  6yAbTe  ~  AOMa  make 
yourself  at  home;  CHfleib  ~ 
Ha  HFOJiKax  be  on  pins  and 
needles;  2.  denoting  manner. 
OH  nocTynHJi,  ~  eiviy  cKaaaJiH 
he  did  as  he  was  told;  h  c^e- 
jiaK)  TaK,  ~  H  3T0  cfleJiaJi  b 
npoiiiJibiH  pa3  I'll  do  it  the 
way  I  did  it  last  time;  3. 
introducing  clauses  of  time'. 
^  npHeAy  B  Omck,  (xaK) 
saHAy  K  HCMy  when  /  as  soon 
as  I  arrive  in  Omsk,  I'll 
call  on  him;  -~  saKOH^Hiiib, 
no3BOHH  MHe  give  me  a  ring 
when  you're  through;  npouiJio 
TpH  ro^a,  ~  -ivibi  paccxaJiHCL 
three  years  have  passed  since 
we  parted;  4.  used  with  the 
pronoun  kto  and  a  negation 
in  the  sense  of  'but',  'besides': 

KTO  §T0   CACJiaCT,     ~     He    TbI? 

who'll  do  it  but  you?,  who'll 
do  it  besides  you?,  there's 
nobody  to  do  it  besides  you; 
5.  introducing  object  clauses: 
H  BH^eJi,  ~  OH  Boiiieji  I  saw 
him  come  in;  h  cJibimaji,  -^ 
OH  neji  I  heard  him  singing; 
6:  ~  OH  HH  cTapajicH,  oh  ne 
Aocraji  KHHrH  however  hard 
he  tried  /  try  as  he  would, 
he  failed  to  get  the  book;  ~ 
HH  ipyAHo,  9T0  HaAO  cAeJiaxb 


however  difficult  it  is,  it 
must  be  done;  --  oh  hh 
Ao6p,...  kind  as  he  is...; 
<>  ~  6bi  as  if,  as  though; 
--  6bi  He  Tan!  co/ not  likely!, 
nothing  of  the  kind!;  ^  6w 
TO  HH  6biJio  be  that  as  it 
rnay;  ~  KorAa  it  depends; 
~  pas  1)  just,  exactly;  2) 
fit  {of  clothes,  etc);  ^  TOJib- 
Ko  as  soon  as. 

KaKao  [kAkao]  n  indecl  co- 
coa. 

KaK-jiH6o  [kakPiba]  adv  =a 
KaK-HH6yAb  1. 

KaK-HH6yAb  [kakn^ibut'', 
-d^]  adv  1,  somehow,  in  some 
way;  2.  col  anyhow,  in  a 
slipshod  manner;  3.  col  some 
time,  some  day. 

KaKOB  [kAkof,  -v]  pron  pred- 
ic  -a,  -6,  -bi  1.  inter  what; 
-^bi  HOBOCTH?  what  is  the 
news?;  ~  oh  co66h?  what 
does  he  look  like?;  2.  def: 
BOT  ~bi  AeJia  this  is  how 
matters  stand;  3.  rel:  hhtc- 
pecHo,  ~bi  ero  njianbi  I  won- 
der what  his  plans  are  (like); 
<>  -^l  col  how  do  you  like 
Him! 

KaKJOH  [kAkoy]  pron  -aH, 
-6e,  -He  1.  inter  &  rel  what; 
~yK)  raaeTy  AaTb  eaivi?  what 
newspaper  shall  I  give  you?; 
~6e  ceroAHH  ihcjio?  what  is 
the  date  (today)?;  h  3a6biJi, 
—6e  ceroAHH  qncjio  I  forget 
what  is  the  date  (today);  2. 
def  {in  exclamatory  sentences) 
what;  how;  ~6h  KpacHBbiH 
ropOAl  what  a  beautiful 
city!;  ~6ii  sto  KpacHBbiH 
ropoA!  how  beautiful  the  city 


KaK 


—  164  — 


is!;  ~6h  Bbi  yMHbift!  how 
clever  you. are!;  3.  rel\  (la- 
koh)...,  -~6h...  such...  as...; 
-O  ~6h  hh...  whatever. ..;~6h 
6bi  TO  HM  6biJi(o)  any  what- 
soever. 

KaKiOH-jiHSo  [kAkoyl'^iba] 
pron  indef  -a9i-Jiii6o,  -6e-jm6o, 
•■He-;iH6o=KaK6H-HH6yAb   1. 

KaK|6H-HH6yAb  [kAkoyn^i- 
but^,  -d^]  pron  indef  -an-HH- 
6yAb,  -6e-HH6yAb,  -He-HH6yAb 
1.  some,  some  kind  of;  any, 
any  kind  of  {in  inter  or  neg 
sentences);  2.  (with  numerals) 
col  (only)  about,  some;  ~He- 
-HH6yAb  flBaAUaTb  py6jieH 
some  twenty  roubles. 

KaK|6H-T0  [kAkoyta]  pron 
indef    -aa-xo,    -6e-T0,    -ne-TO 

1.  some,  a;  2.  a  kind  of; 
something  like. 

KaK-TO  .  [kakta]  I  adv  1. 
indef  somehow,  in  someway; 

2.  of  time  once,  one  day;  3. 
inter  &  rel  how;  ~-  ero  npH- 
MyT?  I  wonder  how  they  will 
take  him,  I  wonder  what 
welcome  he  will  get; 

II  as  a  particle  {before  enu- 
meration) col  that  is. 

KajieKJa  [kAPeka]  m  Sc  f 
-H,  ~  cripple,  maimed  per- 
son. 

KajieHAapjb  [kal^i^ndar^]  m 
-H,  -efl  calendar;  HacTOJibHuft 
~b  loose-leaf  calendar;  oipuB- 
HOH     ~b     tear-off    calendar. 

KajiMTJKa  [kApitka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  wicket  {in  a  gate  or 
fence). 

KajibcoHlbi  [kAPsoni]  pi  ~ 
drawers,  underpants. 

KaM6oA«Hieu    [kambAdzhf- 


yatj,  -dz]  m -Hua, -HueB  Cam- 
bodian. 

KaMSoAJKMHCKJHH  [kambA- 
dzhtysk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne 
Cambodian. 

KaMeHH|biH    [kam^mnty]    a 

1.  stone  (attr);  2.  fig  hard, 
stony,  relentless; 

<>  ~oe  cepAUe  a  heart  of 
stone;   ~biH  yrojib  coal. 

KaMeHiu,HK  [kam^m^sh^:ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  mason,  brick- 
layer. 

KaMJeHb  [kam^in^]  m  -hh, 
pi  -HH,  -Heft  1.  stone,  rock; 
TomiJibHbift  —eHb    whetstone; 

2.  pi  med  stones; 

<>  —CHb  npeTKHoeeHHfl  stum- 
bling-block; KpaeyrojibHbiH 
--CHb  corner-stone;  np66HbiHi 
~eHb  touchstone. 

KaMcpja  [kam^ira]  /  -bi,  -' 
1.  cell,  chamber;  ■~a  xpane- 
HHH  (pyHHoro)  6ara>Ka  cloak- 
-room  {at  a  railway  station); 
TiopeMHan  ~a  cell,  ward;  2. 
inner  tube  {of  an  automobile 
tyre);  bladder  {of  a  ball);  3. 
photo  camera. 

KaMnaHH|5i  [kAmpan^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  campaign,  drive;  h3- 
SHpaxejibHaH  ~-h  election 
campaign. 

KaM4)ap|a  [kamfAra]  /  -bi 
camphor. 

KaMbiui  [kAmish,  -zh]  m  -a, 
pi  -H,  -eft  can,  rush,   reed. 

KaHaBJa  [kAnava]  /  -bi,  — 
ditch;  cTOMHaa  ~a   gutter. 

Kanaji  [kAnal]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
canai;  channel  {also  fig); 
opocHTejibHbiH  ~  irrigation 
can3l;  2.  bore  {of  the  gun 
barrel). 


—  165  — 


Kap 


KaHajiH3au,H|$i  [k^ngPiza- 
tsiya]  /  -H  sewerage,  sewer- 
age system, 

Kanax  [kAnat,  -d]  m  -a^ 
-OB  rope,  cable. 

KaHAHAar  [kan^d^idat,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  candidate;  -^  b 
MJieHbi  Knee  probation  mem- 
ber of  the  Communist  Party 
of  the  Soviet  Union;  2.:  — 
HayK  Candidate  of  Science 
(a  scientific     degree);  —  xh- 

MHqeCKHX         [4)HJI0JI0rH^eCKHX 

u  m.  n.]  HayK  Candidate  of 
Chemistry  [Philology,  etc]. 

KaHAHAarypla  [k8n^d^idA- 
tura]  /  -bi,  ~  candidature; 
VS  candidacy. 

KaHHKyjibi  [kAn^ikuli]  pi 
KaHHKyJi  vacation,    holidays. 

KaHHTeji|b  [kan^it^el^]  /  -h 
col  tedious  and  long  business; 
waste  of  time. 

KanyH  [kAnun]  m  -a  eve; 
B  --  on  the  eve  {of). 

KaHi^ejiflpH|5i  [kantsi^l^a- 
r^iya]  /  -h,  -h  seal  and  cor- 
respondence office. 

Kanjaxb  [kapat^]  imperf 
-acT  drip,  dribble,  fall  in 
drops. 

KanHxaji  [kap^'ital]  m  -a, 
-OB  econ  capital. 

KanHxajiHSM  [ksp^itAl^izm] 
m  -a  capitalism. 

KanHxajiHcxHHecKlHH  [ka- 
p^itaPis^t^ich^isk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He  capitalist(ic). 

KanHxajibHbiH  [kap^itaPniy] 
a  capital  {repairs,  construc- 
tion, etc);  ~  TpyA  funda- 
mental work. 

KanHxaH  [kap^itan]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  captain  (a  military  of- 


ficer); 2.  master,  captain  {of 
a  ship);  3.  sport  captain  (of 
a  team). 

KanHxyjiHpioeaxb  [kap^itu- 
l^iravat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -Obaji,  imp  -yft  ca- 
pitulate, surrender. 

KanHxyjiflu,H|$i  [kap^ituPa- 
tsiya]  /  -H  capitulation,  sur- 
render. 

Kan|jifl  [kapPa]  /  -jih,  pi 
-JIH,  -ejib  1.  drop  {of  liquid); 
2.  fig  col  a  bit,  a  little; 
HH  ~JIH  He  HcnyraxbCH  not 
to  be  a  bit  frightened;  3.  pi 
med  drops; 

<>  nocjieAHjiH  —jiji  the  last 
straw;  noxo^H  KaK  abc  —jih 
BOAbi  as  like  as  two  peas; 
^jiH  B  poT  He  6paxb  never 
touch  wine. 

Kanpiis  [kApr^is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  whim,  caprice. 

KanpH3H|biH  [kApr^iznty] 
a  sh  f  KanpHsen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
capricious  {also  fig). 

KanpoH  [kApron]  m  -a  kap- 
ron  {a  kind  of  synthetic  ma- 
terial) . 

Kanycx|a  [kApusta]  /  -bi 
cabbage(s);  KHCJiafl/KBameHaH 
~a  sauerkraut;  uBexHan  --a 
cauliflower. 

KapaKyji|b  [kArakuP]  m  -h 
astrakhan. 

KapaHAaiu  [karAndash,  -zh] 
m  -a,  -efl  pencil  {for  writing); 
UBexHOH  ~  coloured  pencil; 
XHMHqecKHH  -^  ink  pencil; 
npocxoft  ^  lead  pencil. 

Kapac|b  [kAras^,  -z^]  m  -h, 
-efi  crucian  (carp). 

Kapajxb  [kArat^]  imperf 
-K),    -euib,    nojKapaxb    [pakA- 


Kap 


—  166  — 


rat^]  perf  punish,  inflict  pen- 
alty on. 

Kapayji  [karAul]  I  m  -a,  -ob 
guard,  watch; 
II  as  an  int  help! 

KapayjilHTb  [karAuPit^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -HUJb,  p   -HJi,  imp  -h 

1.  guard,  keep    watch    over; 

2.  col  watch  for,  lie  in  wait 
for. 

Kap6T|a  [kAr^ets]  /  -bi, 
~  coach  (a  kind  of  carriage)', 
<>  --a  cKopoH  noMOiAH  am- 
bulance (car). 

KapHKarypla  [kar^ikAtura] 
/  -bi,  —  caricature,  cartoon. 

KapjiHK  [karl^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  dwarf,  pigmy. 

KapMaH  [kArman]  m  -a,  -ob 
pocket  (m  a  suit,  etc); 
<>  3T0  eMy    He  no  ~y   col  it 
is  more  than  he  can    afford. 

KapHaBaji  [karnAval]  m  -a, 
-08  carnival. 

Kapn  [karp,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
carp  {an  edible  freshwater 
fish). 

KapTJa  [karts]  /  -u,  ~  1. 
geog  map;  MopcKan  ~a  sea 
chart;  2.  (playing-)card;  ko- 
ji6;i,a  -~  pack  of  cards; 
<>  craBHTb  Ha  ~y  stake 
{one's  all,  etc);  pacKpbiTb  cboh 
~bi  show  one's  hand;  ero 
—a  6MTa  his  game  is  up. 

KapraeiHTb  [kArtav^it^]  im- 
perf  -jiK),  -HUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-h  burr. 

KapTMHla  [kArt^ina]  /  -bi, 
'-  1.  picture,  painting,  can- 
vas; 2.  fig  picture;  laKOBa 
'-a     such     is      the    picture; 

3.  theat  scene    (a  part  of  an 
act). 


KapTHHlKa  [kArt^inka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  (small)  picture;  ne- 
peBOAHbie  ~KH  transfers. 

KapTOH  [kArton]  m  -a  paste- 
board, cardboard. 

KapT64)eji|b  [kArtof^iP]  m 
-H  potatoes;  potato  plant. 

KapT04|Ka  [kartach^ks]  / 
-KH,  -CK  card  (a  piece  of  pa- 
per or  thin  pasteboard);  (|)o- 
Torpa4)HqecKaH  ~Ka  photo- 
graph. 

KaprouiKla  [kArtoshks]  / 
-H  co/=KapT64Dejib. 

Kapbep|a  [kAr^yers]  /  -bi 
career  {1)  in  life;  2)  a  profes- 
sion). 

KacaJTbcfl  [kAsattja]  imperf 
-K)Cb,  -euibCH,    p  -jicH,  -jiacb, 

imp    -HCH,    -HTCCb,    KOCH}yTbCSl 

[kAsnuttja]  perf  -ycb,  -embCH, 
p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-lixecb  1.  touch  {with  a  fin- 
ger,  etc);  2.  fig  touch  {upon 
a  matter,  etc);  3.  fig  concern, 
affect,  apply  to;  sto  ero  ne 
~eTCH  it  does  not  concern 
him;  xe,  Koro  sto  --excH 
those  concerned; 
O  HTO  ~eTCfl  as  to,  as  con- 
cerns; HTO  ~eTCJi  MCHfl  as  to 
me,  as  far  as  I'm  concern- 
ed. 

Kacc|a  [kasss]  /  -bi,  —  I. 
cash-box,  till;  pay-desk, 
cashier's  desk;  SHJieiHaH  -—a 
booking-office;  xeaTpajibHan 
-~a  box-office;  ticket-agency; 
2.  cash,  receipts;  3.:  c6epera- 
TCJibHaH  —-a  savings-bank; 
~a  B3aHMon6Mou;H  mutual 
benefit  fund. 

KaccMp  [kAs^'s^ir]  m  -a,  -ob 
cashier. 


—  167  ^ 


Kan 


KacTpK).Fi|fl  [kAstr^uPa]  / 
-H,  -b  pot^  pan,  stew-pan. 

Karajior  [katAlok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  catalogue. 

KaTacTp6(j)|a  [katAstrofa]  / 
-bi,  —  catastrophe,  disaster; 
»ejie3Ho;i,op6HCHaH  --a  rail- 
way accident. 

KaxjaTb  [kAtat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib  [cf  KaxKib]  1.  roll 
(smth  along);  wheel  (a  bar- 
row, etc);  2.  take  for  a  drive  / 
ride. 

KaxlaTbCJi  [k A tattja  1 /m per/ 
-aiocb,  -aeiiibCH  [cf  KaxHTbCH] 
1.  roll  {of  a  ball,  etc);  2.  roll 
{over  and  over);  3.:  -— axbCH 
Ha  MaiiiHHe  have  a  ride  (in 
a  car);  —axbCH  na  jio^Ke 
boat,  go  boating;  ^axbCH  Ha 
KOHbKax  go  skating;  -^axbCH 
BepxoM  ride  on  horseback; 
'-axbCH  Ha  BeJiocHne^e  bicy- 
cle, ride  on  a  bicycle; 
<>  KaK  cbip  B  Macjie  -—axbcsi 
col  ^  live  in  clover. 

KaxeropHHecKJHH  [kat^igA- 
r^'ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
categorical,  absolute;  --hh 
oxKaa  flat  refusal. 

KaxeropHJH  [kat^i^gdr^iya] 
/  -H,  -ft  category. 

Kdxep  [k^t''ir]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  launch,  motor  boat. 

Kax|iixb  [kAt^it^J  imperf 
Kaiy,  K^XHUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp  -h, 
noJKaxHxb  [pakAt^it^]  perf 
a  concrete  action,  movement 
in  a  definite  direction  [cf  Ka- 
xaxb  1]  roll  {smth  along); 
wheel  (a  barrow,  etc). 

KaxjiixbCfl  [kAt^ittja]  im- 
perf Ka^ycb,  KaxHuibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,      -HJiacb,      imp    -HCb, 


-Hxecb,  noJKaxHxbCJi  [pakAt^i- 
ttsa]  perf  a  concrete  move- 
ment in  a  definite  direction 
[cf  KaxaxbCH  1]  roll  {of  a 
ball,  etc). 

KaxjOK  [kAtok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  1.  skating-rink;  2.  tech- 
nol  steam-roller. 

KaxyiuJKa  [kAtushka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  1.  reel,  bobbin,  spool;  2. 
electr  coil,  bobbin;  HH;^yK^H- 
OHHan    ~Ka    induction    coil. 

KaynyK  [kauch^uk,  -g]  m 
-a  (India)rubber;  cHHxexHqe- 
CKHH  ~  synthetic  rubber. 

Ka4)e  [kAfe]  n  indecl  cafe, 
coffee-house, '— -KOH^HxepCKaH 
tea-room. 

Ka(|)eflpla  [kaf^idra]  /  -bi, 
—  1.  rostrum,  pulpit;  2.  de- 
partment {of  law,  philology, 
etc,  at  a  university,  etc); 
chair  {at  a  university,  etc). 

Kanjaxb  [kAch^at^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aemb,  KaHH|yxb  [kAch'*- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  rock,  swing,  sway; 
2.  impers:  JiojxKy  —aex  the 
boat  is  rolling  (and  pitching); 
ero  —  ajio  h3  cxopoHbi  e  cxo- 
pOHy  he  was  reeling;  3.  {no 
perf)  pump  {water,  etc)\ 
<^  ~axb  rojioBOH  shake  one's 
head. 

KaHJdxbCH  [kAch^'attja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  Kan- 
H|yxbcsi  [kAch^nuttja]  perf 
-ycb,  -embCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1.  rock, 
swing;  2.  reel,  stagger. 

KanejilH  [kAch^el^i]  pi  -en 
swing  {a  hanging  seat). 

KaHecxBJo  [kach^istva]  n 
-a,     ^    quality    U)    philos; 


Ka4 


168  — 


2)  high,    low,    etc);    nepexojii 
KOJiH^iecTBa  B  -~-o  philos  tran- 
sition from  quantity  to  qual- 
ity; 
<>  B  ~e  in  the  capacity  {of). 

KEHHyTb  see  Ka^aTb  1,2. 

KaMHyxbcn  see  Ka^axbCH. 

Kany  [kAch^u]   see    KaiHib. 

Kanycb  [kAch^us^,  -z^]    see 

KaTHTbCH . 

Kauj|a  [kasha]  /  -h,  — 
(cooked)  cereal,  porridge,  gru- 
el; MaHHan  -~a  semolina;  ob- 
CHHan  —a  oatmeal; 
<>-  caM  aaeapHJi  ~y,  caM  h 
pacxjie6biBaH  col  you  made 
the  broth,  now  sup  it. 

Kauijejib  [kashal^]  m  -jih 
cough. 

KaiujiMHyTb  see  KamjiHib. 

KauiJijnTb  [kashPat^]  im- 
perf  -HK),  -Heuib,  KauiJiJiH|yTb 
[kashp9nut^]  perf  -y,  -eiiib, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  cough;  have  a 
cough;  perf  also  give  a  cough. 

KauiHe  [kAshne]  n  indecl 
muffler,  scarf. 

KaiuraH  [kAshtan]  m  -a, 
-OB  chestnut;  chestnut-tree. 

KaK)T|a  [kAyuta]  /  -bi, 
/^  naut  cabin;  state-room. 

Keaflpar  [kvAdrat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  square  (a  figure); 
2.  math  the  second  power; 
B03BecTH  B  ~  raise  to  the 
second  power. 

KBaAparHbiH  [kvAdratniy]  a 
square  {in  shape). 

KBajiM{j)HKauHJJi  [kvaPif^i- 
katsiy.9]  /  -H,  -H  qualifica- 
tion, skill;  npoHSBOACTBeHHaH 
~fi  professional    skill. 

KBajIH4}HUHpOBaHHbIH     [kV9- 

l^if^itj+ravannty]  a  [pa\  qual-, 


ified,  skilled,  expert;  —  xpyA 
skilled  labour. 

KBapraji  [kvArtal]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  block  {in  a  city);  2.  quar- 
ter {of  a  year). 

KBapTHp|a  [kvArt^ira]  /  ^bi, 
~  flat,  apartment. 

KBac  [kvas,  -z]  m  -a  kvass 
{a  kind  of  brewed  soft  drink). 

KBepxy  [kv^'erkhu]  adv  up, 
upward(s). 

KBHTaHi;H|fl  [kv^itantsiya] 
/  -H,  -H  receipt  {a  document); 
6ara}KHaH  ~H  luggage /bag- 
gage ticket. 

KCAp  [k^edr]  m  -a,  -ob  ce- 
dar. 

KeM  [k^em]  instr  of  kto. 

KenJKa  [k^epka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
cap  {vi sored). 

KepocMH  [k^irAS^in]  m  -a 
kerosene. 

KCTJa  [k^eta]  /  -bi  Siberian 
salmon. 

Ke(J)Hp  [k^i^f^ir]  m  -a  kefir 
{made  from  milk  by  fermenta- 
tion). 

KHBJArb  [k^ivat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiJb,  KHBHJyTb  [k^iv- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  -yji,  imp 
-H  1.  nod  {in  agreement ,  etc); 

2.  motion    {with   the  head  in 
some  direction). 

KKA|aTb     [k^'idat^]     imperf 
-aio,  -^eiiib,  KHHlyxb  [k^inut^] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,    imp  -b 
throw,  cast,  fling; 
<>  -^axb  )Kpe6HH  cast  lots. 

KHAJ^Tbcti  [k^id^ttja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  kh- 
H|yTbCJi  [k^inuttja]  perf  -ycb, 
-eiubcfi,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb,  imp 
-bCH,  -bxecb  1.  {no  perf): 
---aTfaCJi  HCM-Ji.    throw /fling/ 


169  — 


KHUI 


shy  smth  {stones,  etc,  at  smb); 
2.  throw /fling  oneself  {at 
smb,    on    smb's    neck,    etc); 

-~aTbCH    H3    CTOpOHbl    B    CTOpO- 

Hy  rush  from  side  to  side; 
--aTbCH  B  peKy  plunge  into 
the  river;  KHHyTbCH  6eH<aTb 
rush  off;  KHHyTbCH  KOMy-Ji. 
Ha  noMomb  rush  to  smb's  aid. 

KHJiorp^MM  [k^ilAgram]  m 
-a,  -03  kilogram(me). 

KHJioMCTp  [k^ilAm^etr]  m 
-a,  -OB  kilometre. 

KHJibK|a  [k^iPka]  /  -h,  pi 
-H,  KHJieK  sprat;  pi  spiced 
sprats  {tinned). 

KHHO  [k^ino]  n  Indecl  1. 
cinema,  picture  palace;  2.  cin- 
ema, motion  pictures;  3By- 
KOBoe  -—  sound-films. 

KHHO...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to  'cin- 
ema Vmotion  pictures', 'films': 
KHHO(})ecTHBaJib  [k^inaPis^t^l- 
vaP]  film  festival;  KHHOce- 
aHC  [k^lnas'^i^ans,  -z]  (cine- 
ma) show. 

KHHyTb  see  KH^aTb. 

KHHyTbCfi   see   KHAaTbCH  2. 

KHOCK  [k^iosk,  -zg]  m  -a, 
-03  stall,  stand,  booth,  kiosk; 
raseTHbiH  ~  news-stand. 

KHn|eTb  [k^ip^et^]  imperf 
-nib,  -Hiub,  p  -eji,  imp  -h 
seethe,  boil  {also  fig);  kh- 
nexb  3ji66oH  boil  with  hatred; 
pa66Ta  ^ht  work  is  in 
full  swing. 

KHnpHOT  [k^ipr^idt,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  Cypriot. 

KHnpcKJHH  [k^iprsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Cyprian. 

KHnflTJHTb  [k^ip^i^t'it^] 
imperf  KHnnqy,  -Huib,  p  -h;i, 


imp  -H,  BciKHnflTtiTb  [fsk^i- 
pMn^ft^J  perf  boil  {water, 
etc). 

KHHJlTlHTbCH  [k^ip'i^t^l- 

ttsa]  imperf  KHnaqycb,  -Huib- 

CH,    p  -HJICH,  -HJiaCb,  imp  -HCb, 

-HTecb  1.  boil  {of  water,  etc); 
2.  fig  col  get  excited. 

KHnflT|6K  [k^ip^i^tok,  -g] 
m  -Ka  boiling  water. 

KHprH3  [k^irg^is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  Kirghiz. 

KHprHscKJHJi  [k^irg^issk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Kirghiz. 

KHpnH4  [k^'irp^ich'',  -j^]  m 
-a,  -eft  brick  {used  in  build- 
ing, etc). 

KHcejijb  [k^is^eP]  m  -h 
kissel,  thin  jelly. 

KHCjiopofl  [k^isUrot,  -d}  m 
-a  oxygen. 

KHCJioTJa  [k^isUta]  /  -w, 
KHCJioT  1.  sourness,  acidity; 
2.  chem  acid. 

KHCji|biH  [k^isliy]  a  sh  f 
KHceji,  -a,  -o,  -bi  acid,  sour 
{also  fig). 

KHCT|b[k^is^t^,  -z^d^]  f  -H, 
pi  -H,  -eft  1.  hand  {of  the 
arm);  2.  bot  cluster,  bunch 
{of  grapes,  etc);  3.  brush 
{used  in  painting);   4.  tassel. 

KHT  [k^it,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
whale. 

KHTilei;  [k^'itaygts,  -dz]  m 
-Hua,  -HueB  Chinese. 

KHTaHCK|HH  [k^itaysk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Chinese. 

KHTaflHlKa  [k^itAyanka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  Chinese  woman; 
Chinese  girl. 

KHUieHHHK  [k^'ishech^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  anat  bo.vels, 
intestines. 


KHIU 


170  — 


KHuilKa    [k^ishka]    /    -kh,  " 
-OK    1.    anat   gut     intestine; 
2.  hose  {for  water). 

KjiaA^Hiuje  [kladb^isli^'.a] 
n  -a,  --  cemetery,  grave- 
yard. 

KJiaAOB[afl  [kladAvaya]  / 
-OH,  -bix  larder,  pantry; 
store-room,  lumber-room. 

KJiaHJHTbCfl  [klan^attjg]  im- 
perf  -HKDCb,  -HeuibCJi,  noKJio-- 
HJHTbcsi    [pakUn^ittja]     perf 

-K)Cb,    nOKJTOHHUIbCH,    p  -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
bow  {in  respect,  recognition, 
etc);  2.  send  one's  respects  / 
compliments;  ^-HHTecb  hm 
OT  MCHH  remember  me  to 
them. 

KJianaH  [klapan]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  'technol,  anat  valve;  2.  flap 
{of  a  pocket). 

Kjiacc   [klas,  -z]    m  -a,  -ob 

1.  class  {1)  a  group,  divi- 
sion,   etc;  2)  a  social  group); 

2.  class-room. 
KjiaccHHecK|Hfl     [klAs^ich^i- 

sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  clas- 
sic(al). 

KJiaccoBbiH  [klass9viy]  a 
class  {consciousness,  struggle, 
differences,  etc), 

KJialcTb  [klas^'t^]  imperf 
-fly,  -fleujb,  p  -ji,  Kjiajia,  imp 
-flH,  nojioKlMTb  [palAzhtt**] 
perf  -y,  nojioHcnmb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  put,  lay,  place; 
•~cTb  Ha  MecTO  put  in  place; 
--CTb  HTO-ji.  ce6e  Ha  xapejiKy 
help  oneself  to  smth  {at  ta- 
ble); —  CTb  Hory  Ha  Hory  cross 
one's  legs;  2.  lay  {bricks, 
the  foundation,  etc); 

<>      ~CTb      HTO-Jl.      B      OCHOSy 


base  oneself  on  smth;  ~CTb 
flHua  lay  eggs. 

KjieBajTb  [kPi^vat**]  im- 
perf    KJIIOK),     KJHOeUIb,    p     -Jl, 

imp  KJiioH,  KJiK)H|yTb  [kl^u- 
nuf*]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -h  1.  peak;  2.  bite  {of 
fish); 

<>  ~Tb  HocoM  col  nod,  be 
drowsy;  y  Hero  flener  nypw 
He  KJiK)K)T  col  ^  he  is  rolling 
in  money, 

KJiCBcp  [kl^ev^ir]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -6b  clover. 

KJieBeTJa  [kPiv^i^ta]  /  -m 
slander,  calumny,  libel, 

KJieBexalxb  [kPiv'^i^tat^J 
imperf  KjieBemy,  KjieBemeiiib, 
p  -JI,  imp  KJiesemH,  HaiKJie- 
Bexaxb  [nakl^iv^i^tat^]  perf 
slander,  calumniate, 

KjieeHJKa  [kPi^yonka]  f 
-KH,  -OK  oilcloth. 

K.iielHXb  [kl^'eif]  imperf 
-K),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -ft  glue; 
paste. 

KJielfl  [kPey]  m  -a  (-ra) 
glue;  paste  {for  sticking  to- 
gether). 

KJieHMJHxb  [kl'i^ym^it*'] 
imperf  -Jiib,  -HUJb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  sa'.KJieHMHXb  [zakl^i^y- 
m^'it'']  perf  1.  stamp,  mark, 
brand;  2.  fig  brand,  stigma- 
tize. 

kjichmIo  [kl*'i^ym6]  n  -a, 
pi  KjieftMa,  '-,  KJieHMaM 
stamp,  mark,  brand;  4)a6- 
pHMHoe  —6  trade  mark. 

Kjien  [kPon]  m  -a,  -ob 
maple(-treeV 

KJiexJKa  [Kl^'etka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
1.  cage  {for  birds  and  ani- 
mals);   2     check    {on  cloth); 


—  171  — 


KHO 


square  {on  paper);  3.  biol 
cell. 

KJi6m|H  [kl^esh^:i]  pi  -eft 
technol  pincers,  nippers, tongs. 

KJiHeHT  [kPient,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  client,  customer. 

KJiu3M|a  [kl^izma]  /  -u, 
~  enema,  clyster. 

KJiHMax  [kl^imat,  -d]  m  -a 
climate. 

KjiHH  [kPin]  m  -a,  pi  -lh, 
-beB  wedge; 

<>      ~      ~0M      BblUlHdaiOT      ^ 

like  cures  like. 

KJiHHHK|a  [kl^in^ika]  /  -h, 
'-  clinic,  hospital. 

KJion  [klop,  -b]  m  -a,  -6b 
(bed-)bug. 

KJioyH  [kl6un]  m  -a,  -ob 
clown. 

kjio4|6k  [klAch^ok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1.  scrap  {of  paper, 
etc);  2.  patch  {of  land). 

KJiyS  I  [klup,  -b]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  puff  {of  smoke);  cloud 
{of  dust). 

KJiy6  II  [klup,  -b]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  club  {1)  an  organ- 
ization; 2)  the  premises  of 
such). 

KJiy6HHK|a  [klubn^ika]  /  -h 
garden  strawberry. 

Kjiy6|6K  [klubok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB    1.    ball    {of   thread    or 
yarn);  2.  fig  tangle; 
<>     ceepHyTbca     ~k6m     roll 
oneself  up  into  a  ball. 

KJiyM6|a  [klumba]  /  -bi, 
--  (flower)bed. 

KJibiK  [kllk,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b  t. 
canine  (tooth);  2.  fang;  tusk. 

KJiiOB  [kPuf,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
beak,  bill. 

Kjiioft  [kPuy]  see  KJiesaTb. 


KjiibKB|a    [kPukva]    /    -u 

cranberry. 

KJiioHyTb  see  KjiesaTb. 

KJiioH  I  [kl^uch^,  -j^]  m 
-a,  -eft  1.  key  {to  a  lock); 
2.  fig  key,  clue;  3.  technol 
span;ier,  wrench. 

KJiK)H    II    [kPuch^,   -j^]    m 
-a,  -'?ft  spring  {of  water); 
<>  fiiTb  —OM  spout,  jet. 

KJiKJK)  [kPuyu],  Kjiioeiiib 
[kPuy6sh,    -zh]   see  KJieBaib. 

KJi«Kc|a  [kPaksa]  /  -bi,  ~ 
blot  (of  ink). 

KjiH|cTbCH  [kPastjg]  im- 
perf  -Hycb,  -HeuibCH,  p  -ncn, 
-jiacb,  imp  -HHCb,  -HHiecb, 
noiKJiflCTbcsi  [pAkl^^st§9]  perf 
swear,  vow;  —  cibCH  b  sep- 
HOCTH  vow  fidelity. 

KJiflTB|a  [kPatva]  /  -bi, 
■^  vow,  oath;  jiomaasi  ~a 
perjury. 

KHHrja  [kn^iga]  /  -h,  — 
book  {1)  a  literary,  scientific, 
etc,  work;  2)  a  part  of  such; 
3)  for  keeping  accounts,  re- 
cords, etc);  dyxrajiTepcKaH 
-—a  ledger. 

KHHKJKa  [kn^ishka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  book  {1)  a  literary,  sci- 
entific, etc,  work;  2)  for 
notes,  records,  etc;  3)  of  bus, 
etc,  tickets);  sanHCHan  --Ka 
notebook,  diary;  HjieHCKan 
—  Ka  membership  card. 

KUHMHuPi  [kn^izhniy]  a  1. 
book  {attr);  —  nepenJiex 
book-cover;  2.  bookish,  ab- 
stract. 

KHM3y  [kn^izu]  adv  down, 
downward(s). 

KHdn'iKa  [kn6pka]/-KH,  -ok 
1.  drawing-pin;    US   thumb 


KHy 


—  172  — 


-tack;  2.  press-stud;  US 
snap-fastener;  3.  electr  but- 
ton; 

<>  HajKaxb  (he)  Bce  —  kh  col 
pull  the  wires. 

KHyr  [knut,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
whip,  lash. 

Ko  see  K, 

KoSypja  [kabura]  /  -u,  ko- 
6yp  holster. 

KOB^pHjbifi  [kAvarnty]  ash 
f  KOBapeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  insidi- 
ous, perfidious,  crafty. 

KOBa|Tb  [kAvat^]  imperf 
KyK),  Kyeiiib,  p  -Ji,  imp  Kyft, 
noAiKOBaTb  [patkAvat^]  perf 
1.  {no  perf)  forge  {also  fig); 
2.:  -~Tb  jiomaAb  shoe  a  horse; 
<0>  Kyft  »ejie30,  noKa  ropHHO 
prov  strike  while  the  iron  is 
hot. 

KOBlep  [kAv^or]  m  -pa, 
-poB  carpet,  rug. 

KOBiu  [kofsh,  -vzh]  m  -a, 
-eft  1.  dipper,  ladle;  2.  tech- 
nol  scoop,  bucket. 

KorAa  [kAgda]  I  adv  1.  in- 
ter &  rel  when;  ~  oh  npH- 
flCT?    when    will    he   come?; 

H     He     3H§K),      —      OH      npHACT 

I  don't  know  when  he  will 
come;  2.:  —  b  "cySfiory,  ~ 
B  BOCKpeceHbe  sometimes  on 
Saturday,  sometimes  on  Sun- 
day; 

II  cj  of  time  when;  as;  while; 
O  —  6bi  HH  whenever;  ~  6bi 
Bbi  HH  no3BOHHJiH...  whenever 
you  rang  me  up...;  ecTb  ~! 
col  no  time  for  it! 

Korfla-jiH6o  [kAgdaPiba], 
KOFAa-HHSyflb  [kAgdan^ibut'', 
-d'']  adv  some  time,  some 
day;  ever  {in  inter  sentences). 


KOFAa-TO  [kAgdata]  adv 
1.  once,  at  one  time,  for- 
merly; 2.  in  the  future;  -^ 
OH  eme  npHAex!  but  when  will 
he  come!,  it'll  be  a  long  time 
before  he  comes! 
^  Koro    [kAvo]    ace  &  gen  of 

KTO. 

KorjOTb  [kogat^,  -d^]  m  -th, 
pi  -TH,  -reft  claw,  talon; 
<>  noKasbiBaTb  cboh   ~th  s 
show  one's  teeth. 

KOAeKc  [kodeks,  -gz]  m  -a, 
-OB  code  {!)  of  laws;  2)  of 
rules,  principles,  etc). 

Koe-rAe  [koyagd^e]  adv  here 
and  there. 

Koe-KaK  [koyakak,  -g]  adv 
1.  carelessly,  anyhow;  2.  with 
difficulty. 

Koe-KaKloH  [koyakAkoy] 
pron  indef  -an,  -6e,  -rie  1. 
some,  certain;  2.  some,  a 
little;  pi  also  a  few. 

Koe-KJTO  [koyakto]  pron 
indef  -oro,  -OMy,  -oro,  -cm, 
Koe  0  KOM  some  people; 
somebody. 

Koe-KyAa  [koyakuda]  adv 
somewhere,  to  some  place. 

koc-hIto  [koyashto]  pron 
indef  -ero,  -eiviy,  -to,  -eM,  Koe 
o  qe.M  something;  a  little. 

K6«|a  [kozha]  /  -h,  -- 
1.  skin  {of  the  body,  fruit, 
etc);  2.  leather; 
O  --a  na  KOCTH  col  ^  a  bag 
of  bones;  hs  ~h  boh  jiesxb 
col  ^  lay  oneself  out. 

KowaHbiH  [kozhaniy]  a 
leather. 

Kosja  [kAza]  /  -b'l,  pi  kosh,. 
— ,  KosaM  goat  {an  animal}i 
she-goat. 


—  173  — 


KOJl 


Kosjeji  [kAz^6l]  m  -Jia,  -jiob 
he-goat; 

<C>  ~eji  oxnymeHHJi  co/ scape- 
goat. 

KoflKJa  [koylo]  /  -h,  kock 
1.  cot,  bunk,  berth;  2.  bed 
{in  hospital). 

KOKJiibui  [kAkPush,  -zh]  m 
-a  (w)hooping-cough. 

KOKC  [koks,  -gz]  m  -a  coke. 

K0Ji6ac|a  [k^lbAs5]  /  -m,  pi 
K0Ji6acbi,  K0Ji6ac,  K0Ji6acaM 
sausage;  BapeHan  [Kon^eHaH] 
~a  boiled  [smoked]  sausage; 
JiHeepnaH  ~a  pluck  sausage. 

K0Jie6aHH|e  [kal^i^ban^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  oscillation,  vi- 
bration; ^e  MaHTHHKa  swing 
of  the  pendulum;  2.  fluctua- 
tion {of  temperature,  prices, 
etc)',  3.  hesitation,  wavering; 
6e3  ~H  unhesitatingly,  with- 
out hesitation. 

KOJieSjaTbCJi  [kaPi^battja] 
imperf  KOJie6,niocb ,  K0Jie6- 
jieuibCH,      p     -ajiCH,     -ajiacb 

1.  oscillate,  vibrate,  vacillate; 

2.  fluctuate  {of  temperature, 
prices,  etc);  3.  hesitate,  wa- 
ver; He  K0Jie6jiHCb  without 
hesitation,  unhesitatingly. 

KOJieH|o  [kAl^^na]  n  -a,  pi 
-H,  -eft  1.  knee;  cTaib  na  '-h 
kneel;  no  ~o  knee-deep; 
2.  pl\  MaTb  c  pe6eHK0M  Ha 
~5ix  mother  with  a  child  in 
her  lap;  3.  {pi  -bH,  -bee) 
Jechnol  elbow; 
<)v  M6pe  no  --G  col  ^  devil- 
-may-care  attitude, 

Kojiec|6  [kal^i^so]  n  -a,  pi 
KOJieca,  KOJiec,  KOJiecaM  wheel 
{of  a  cart,  etc);  MaxoBoe  ^6 
fly-wheel. 


KOJl  I  en  [kaPi'^ya]  /  -en,  -eft 
1.  rut;  2.  (railway)  track; 
<>  BOHTH  B  ~eK)  settle  down; 
BbiSHTb  H3  ~eH  unsettle 
{make  smb  insecure  or  uncer- 
tain) . 

KOJiHHecTB|o  [kAPicH'istva] 
n  -a  quantity,  amount;  (the) 
number. 

KOJijierHajibH|biH     [kal^ig^i- 

arniy]  a  sH  f   KOJiJierndJieH, 

a,    -o,    -bi   collegiate,  joint; 

—oe    pyKOBOACTBO  collective 

leadership. 

KOJiJierH|fl  [kAl^eg^'iya]  / 
-H,  -ft  board  {of  a  ministry); 
^n  aABOKaxoB  College  of 
Barristers. 

KOJiJicKTHB  [kal^i^kt^if,  -v] 
m  -a,  -OB  collective,  body; 
group  {of  performers);  CTyAOH- 
qecKHH  —  student  body. 

KOJiJiCKTHBRbift  [kal^i^kt^iv- 
niy]  a  collective,  joint;  -' 
AoroBOp  collective  agreement. 

KOJiJieKUH|ji  [kAp^ktjtya]  | 
-H,  -ft  collection  {of  paintings, 
etc). 

KOJioAleu  [kAlod^its,  dz]  m 
-ua,  -ueB  well,  draw-well; 
maxTHbift  -— eii.  pit,  shaft. 

KOJiOKOJi  [kolakal]  m  -a,  pi 
-^,  -OB  bell  {of  a  church,  etc). 

KOJiOK6jib4HK  [kalAk61^- 
ch^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  1.  hand- 
bell, bell;  2.  bot  bluebell. 

KOJioHHin  [kAlon^lya]  /  -h, 
-ft  i.  colony;  2.  settlement, 
community. 

K0Ji6HH|a  [kAlona]  /  -bi,  -^ 
1.  archit  column,  pillar;  2 
column  {of  demonstrators,  etc). 

KOJioc  [kolas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
Kajiocbfl,  KOJiocbeB  bot  ear. 


KOJI 


174  — 


KOjijoTb  I  [kAlot*']  imperf 
'K>,  KOJieiub,  p  -oji,  imp  -h 
1.  prick,  stab;  2.  impers: 
y  Hero  KOJiex  b  6oKy  he  has 
a  stitching  pain  in  the  side; 
-<^  npaBAa  rjiasa  kojict  prov 
^  home  truths  are  hard  to 
swallow. 

koji)6Tb  II  [kAlot^]  imperf 
-ib,  Kojieiiib,  p  -OJI,  imp  -h, 
pacjKojiOTb  [rasKAlot'']  perf 
break,  chop  (wood);  crack 
(nuts). 

KOJiyMSHJeu  [kalumb^iyatj, 
-4z]  m  -Hua,  -HueB  Colui;n- 
bian. 

KOjiyMSHHCKlHH  [kslumb^iy- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Co- 
lumbian. 

KOJixos  [kAlkhos,  -z]  m  -a, 
-08  collective  farm. 

KOJix63HHK  [kAlkhoz^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -oe  collective  farm- 
er (a  member  of  a  collective 
farm). 

KOJixosHbiH  [kAJkhozniy]  a 
collective  farm  (attr). 

K0jibi;|6  [kAPtjo]  n  -a,  pi 
KOJibua,  Kojieu,  KOJibuaM  1. 
ring  (a  circle);  o6pyqaJibHoe 
--6  engagement  ring,  wed- 
ding-ring; 2.  fig  ring  {of  en- 
circlement, etc). 

kojik)h|hh  [kAl^uch^iy]  a 
-aH,  -ee,  -ne,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -e, 
-H  1.  prickly,  thorny;  — aH 
npOBOJioKa  barbed  wire;  2.  fig 
biting. 

KOJiac|Ka  [kAl^iska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  carriage  {a  horse-drawn 
vehicle);  2.  perambulator,  ba- 
by carriage. 

KOM  I  [kom]  m  -a,  pi  -bH, 
•bee  lump,  clod  {of  earth). 


KOM  II  [kom]  pr  of  kto. 

KOManjlla  [kAmands]  /  -bi, 
~  1.  command,  order;  2.  m// 
party,       detachment,      crew; 

3.  (ship's)    crew,    company; 

4.  sport  team. 

KOMaHflHp  [kamAn^d^ir]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  commander;  2.  mil 
commander,  commanding  of- 
ficer; captain;  leader. 

KOMaHflMpoelKa  [kaman^d^i- 
rofka]  /  -KH,  -OK  mission, 
business  trip. 

KOMaHAloeaTb  [kAmanda- 
vat'']  imperf  -yK),  -yeuib,  p 
-OBaJi,  imp  -yfl  1.  give  or- 
ders, command,  order;  2.  be 
in  command  {of);  3.  fig  col 
order  about,  boss. 

KOM^p  [kAmar]  m  -a,  -6b 
gnat,  mosquito. 

K0M6aHH  [kAmbayn]  m  -a, 
-OB  combine  {in  farming  or 
mining). 

KOMSaMHep  [kAmbayn^ir]  m 
-a,  -OB  combine  operator  {in 
farming). 

KOMSHHar  [kamb^inat,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  1,  works,  plant; 
group  of  enterprises;  —  6bi- 
TOBoro  o6cjiy>KHBaHHH  com- 
bined service  shop,  every- 
-day  service  centre;  2.  train- 
ing centre. 

K0M6HHau,Hlji  [kamb^'ina- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  1.  combina- 
tion; 2.  (underwear)  slip;  com- 
binations. 

K0M6jiHlfl     [kAm^ed^iya]     / 
-H,  -H  comedy  {also  fig); 
<>  pasbirpweaTb  ~k)  play  the 
fool. 

KOMeHAaHT  [kam^i^ndant, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  1.  commandant; 


175  — 


2.  superintendent,  official  in 
ciiarge  of  quarters. 

KOMHccHOHHbiH  [k^m^is^ion- 
niy]  I  a  comrnission  (attr); 
— '  MarasHH  commission  sfiop 
(selling  second-hand  goods  on 
commission); 

II  as  a  noun  komhcchoh- 
H|bie  pi  -bix  commission 
{a  payment  made  to  smb  for 
selling  goods,  etc). 

KOMMccHJfl  [kAm^is^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  1.  commission,  com- 
mittee, board;  2.:  6paTb  na 
— K)  take  on  commission. 

komht6t  [kam^if'et,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  committee,  board. 

KOMM^pHccK  I  uPi  [kAm^er- 
ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  com- 
mercial. 

KOMMyHJa  [kAmuna]  /  -bi, 
—  commune. 

KOMMyHajibHJbiH  [kamun^l^- 
n*yl  a  municipal;  communal; 
--bie  npeAnpHHTHH  municipal 
services;  —  bie  ycjiyrH  public 
utilities. 

KOMMyHH3M  [kamun^izmj  m 
-a  communism. 

KOMMyHHCT  [kamun^ist,  -zd] 
m  -a,  -OB  communist. 

KOMMyHHCTHHecKJHH  [kamu- 
n^is^'t^'ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  communist;  --an  napTHH 
Communist  Party, 

KOMMyraTop  [kamutatar]  m 
-a,  -OB  electr  switchboard; 
commutator, 

KOMHarla  [komnata]  /  -bi, 
~  room  {in  a  house,  etc); 
BaHHan  ~a  bath-room. 

KOMOA  [kAmot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
chest  of  drawers. 

KOMnaHHJfl  [kAmpan^'iya]  / 


-H,  5H  1.  company  (1)  of  peo- 
ple; 2)  companionship);  bo- 
AHTb  —  K)  c  KeM-Ji.  col  asso- 
ciate with  smb;  2.  company, 
firm. 
KOMnapTH|n    [kompart^iya] 

/  -H,   -H  (  =  KOMMyHHCTHqeCKaH 

napTHH)  Communist  Party. 

K6Mnac  [k6mpas,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  compass  {for  showing  di- 
rection). 

KOMneHcai^HJH  [kamp^i^nsa- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  compensa- 
tion. 

KOMneKCHploeaTb  [kam- 
p^i^n^s^iravat^]  perf  &  im- 
perf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yfl  compensate,  make 
up  for;  indemnify  for. 

KOMnjiCKT  [kAmpl^ekt,  -gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  complete  set. 

KOMnjiHMeHT  [kampPim^ent, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  compliment. 

KOMnosHTop  [ka'mpAz^itar] 
m  -a,  -OB  composer. 

KOMnoT  [kAmpot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  stewed  fruit. 

KOMnpecc  [kAmpr^es,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  compress. 

KOMnpoMeTMp|oBaTb  [kam- 
pram^i'-'t^'iravat']  imperf  -yio, 
-yemb,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yfl, 
c'lKOMnpoMeTHpoeaTb  [skam- 
pram^'i^t^iravat']  perf  com- 
promise (a  person). 

KOMnpoMHcc  [kamprAm^is, 
-z]  m  -a,  -OB  compromise; 
HATH  Ha  ~  compromise, 
make  a  compromise. 

KOMcoMOJi  [kamsAmol]  m  -a 

(=BceCOl63HbIH        JleRHHCKHii 
K0MMyHHCTH4eCKHft  C0K)3  Mo- 

jioAejKH)    Komsomol,    Young 
Commurtist  League. 


KOM 


—  176 


KOMCoMOJileu  [k8msAm6- 
l^its,  -d^]  m  -bua,  -buee  mem- 
ber of  the  Komsomol,  mem- 
ber of  the  Young  Communist 
League,  YCL'er. 

K0MCOM6jibCK|HH  [kamsA- 
mol^sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
Komsomol  {attr). 

KOMy  [kAmu]  dat  of  kto. 

KGHBefiep  [kAnv^§y9il  m  -a, 
■OB  technol  conveyor,  produc- 
tion  line. 

KOHBepr  [kAn^v^'ert,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  envelope  {for  letters), 

KOHrojiesleu,  [kengAl^ez^itj, 
-d?]  m  -ua,  -ueB  Congo- 
lese, 

KOHrojie3CK)HH  [ksngAl^es- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  »He  Congo- 
lesct 

KOHrpecc  [kAngr^es,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  congress, 

KOHflMTepCK|HH  [kAn^d''!- 
t^irsk^iy]  I  a  -aH,  -oe,  -He: 
--HH  Mara3HH=K0HAHTepcKaH; 
II  as  a  noun  KOHAHTep- 
ck|  aH  /  -OH,  -HX  confection- 
er's, pastry-cook's^ 

KOHflyKTop  [kAnduktsrj  m 
-a,  pi  -a,  -OB  conductor  {on 
a  tram,  train,  etc). 

KOHlen  [kAn^etj,  -dz]  m  -ua, 
-iioB  1.  end  {of  a  rope,  book, 
winter,  etc);  2.  distance^  way 
{from  one  place  to  another)] 
B  66a  ~ua  there  and  back; 
both  ways;  3.  fig  death,  end; 
O  6e3  ~u,a  endless,  without 
end;  ao  -~ni  to  the  end; 
B     ~ue    ~u6b    in    the    end; 

CBOAMTb      ~UbI     C     -~U,aMH   COl 

make  both  ends  meet;  Ha 
xyflofl  ~eu.  col  if  the  worst 
comes    to    the    worst;   najiKa 


o   AByx    —uax    a    two-edged 
weapon. 

KOHeHHO  [kAn^eshna]  par- 
enth  &  part  of  course,  cer- 
tainly, sure(ly);  —  j^al  of 
course!,  you  betl;  ~  Hex! 
certainly  not!,  no  fear! 

koh6hhoct1h  [kAn^ech^'nas^- 
t^i]  pi  -eft  {sing  KOH^HHocTlb 
/  -h)  anat  extremities. 

KOH^MHlbifl  [kAn^ech^niy]  a 
sh  f  KOH^qen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  fi- 
nal, last;  ~aH  cxanuHH  ter- 
minal, terminus;  2.  ultimate, 
eventual; 
<>  B  --0M  HTore  in  the  end. 

KOHKp^THJbiii  [kAnkr^etniy] 
a  sh  f  KOHKpereH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
concrete,  specific. 

KOHKypeHUHiH  [kankur^'en- 
tjiya]  /  -H  competition  {busi- 
ness rivalry). 

KOHKypHploBaxb  [kankur^i- 
ravat'']  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yft  compete  {in 
trade,  etc);  vie  {in  some  qual- 
ity). 

KOHKypc  [kdnkurs,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  competition  {for  a  posi- 
tion, prize,  etc). 

KOHHbiH  [konnty]  a  1.  horse 
{attr),  equestrian;    2.  mount- 
ed   {army,  police);    3.  horse- 
-drawn; 
<>  ~  saBOfl  stud  farm. 

KOHonjilH  [kanApl^'a]  /  -i5 
bot  hemp. 

KOHcepBaropMlfl  [kans^irvA- 
tor^'iya]  /  -h,  -h  conserva- 
toire. 

KOHcepBlfai  [kAn^s^ervi]  'pi 
-OB  tinned  /  canned  food; 
oBomubie  -~bi  canned  vege- 
tal) k.s. 


—  177  — 


KOH 


KOHcncKT  [kAnsp^'ekt,  -gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  summary,  synop- 
sis, abstract;  notes  {of  a  lec- 
ture). 

KOHCTHTyu,H|fl  [lonst^itu- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  constitution 
(i)  pol;  2)  physical  make-up). 

KOHCTpyKUHJin  [kAnstruk- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  1.  design  {the 
relation  of  parts  of  a  ma- 
chine); 2.  construction,  struc- 
ture. 

KOHcyji  [konsul]  m  -a,  -ob 
consul. 

KOHcyjibCTBlo  [konsuPstva] 
n   -a,  ~  consulate. 

KOHcy.ibTau,H|ji  [kansuPta- 
tsiya]  /  -H,  -H  1.  consulta- 
tion, advice;  2.  consultation 
office;  HceHCKan  —h  materni- 
ty centre. 

KOHcyjibTHploeaTbCH  [kan- 
sul^t^iravattja]  imperf  -yiocb, 
-yeiubCH,  p  -oeajiCH,  -OBajiacb, 
imp  -yftcH,  -yflxecb,  npOiKOH- 
cyjibTHpoeaTbCfl  [prakansul^- 
t^iravattsa]  perf  consult 
{smb)\  consult  together. 

KOHxaKT  [kAntakt,  -gd]  m 
-a,  -03  contact  {also  fig). 

KOHTHHCHT  [kstt^t^in^ent, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  continent, 
mainland. 

KOHTHHCHTdjibHbiH  [kan^t^i- 
n^i^ntaPniy]    a   continental. 

KOHTOpja  [kAntora]  /  -bi,  -~ 
office,  bureau;  ~a  cbhsh 
post-office. 

KOHTp...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting  opposi- 
tion to  what  is  expressed  by 
the  second  element:  KOHTpMe- 
pbi  [kontrm^eri]  counter-meas- 
ures; KOHTppeBOjiKDUHH  [kontr- 


r^iVAl^utslya]  counter-revolu- 
tion. 

K0HTpa6aHfl{a  [kantrAban- 
da]  /  -bi  1.  smuggling;  2.  smug- 
gled goods. 

KOHTpaKT  [kAntrakt,  -gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  contract,  agree- 
ment. 

KOHTpojiep  [kantrAl^or]  m 
-a,  -OB  controller,  comptrol- 
ler; ticket-collector. 

K0HTp6ji|b  [kAntrol^]  m  -h 
control  {1)  supervision; 
2)  power,  authority;  3)  means 
of  suoh);  3T0  He  noflAaerca 
--K)  it  is  impossible  to  ver- 
ify it;  OTAeji  TexHHqecKoro 
— H  checking  department. 

K0HTy3H|ji  [kAntuz^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  confusion,  shell-shock, 
concussion. 

K0H4)epeHUH)H  [kanf^i^r^en- 
t§*y9]  /  -H,  -H  conference 
{a  formal  meeting). 

K0H4)eT|a  [kAnf'eta]  /  -bi, 
~  sweet,  sweetmeat;  US  can- 
dy. 

KOH4)HCK|oBaTb  [kanf^iskA- 
vat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yfl  con- 
fiscate, seize. 

KOH^jiHKT  [kAnfPikt,  -gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  conflict. 

K0H(j)y3lHTbCfl  [kAnfuz^ittsa] 
imperf  K0H4)y}Kycb,  -HUibCH, 
p  -HjiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -bCH, 
-bxecb,  ciKOH4)y3HTbCfl  [skAn- 
fuz^ittja]  perf  be  embarrass- 
ed, be  shy;  become  embar- 
rassed, become  shy. 

KOHi^eHTpHploBaTb  [kan- 
tsi^ntr^fravat^]  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -OBa;i,  imp  -yfi, 
ciKOHi^eHTpHpoeaTb        [skan- 


KOH 


178 


tst^ntr^'iravat^l  perf  concen- 
trate; mil  also  mass. 

KOHuepT  [kAntsert,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  concert;  2.  concerto. 

KoHHJaTb  [kAn^ch^at^]  itn- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiub,  K6HH|HTb 
[kon^ch^'it^]  perf  -y,  -huib,  p 
-HJi  1.  end,  finish;  2.  grad- 
uate from  {an  educational  es- 
tablishment); finish  (school). 

KOHH|aTbCfl  [kAn^ch^dt1^9] 
imperf  -aeicji,  kohhIhtbcsi 
[kon^ch^ittja]  perf  -htch,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb  end,  finish, 
come  to  an  end,  terminate; 
imperf  also  be  drawing  to  a 
close. 

KOHHHTb    see    KOH^aTb. 
KOHHHTbCH      See     KOHMaXbCJI. 

KOH|b  [kon^]  m  -H,  pi  kohh, 
-eft,  -HM  1.  horse  [an  animal); 
2.  chess  knight;  3.  sport 
vaulting  horse; 
<>  flapCHOMy  ~H)  B  3y6bi  He 
cMOTpax  prov  never  look  a 
gift  horse  in  the  mouth. 

KOHbK|H  [kAn^k^i]  pi  -6b 
{sing  KOHJeK  m  -bKa)    skates. 

KOHbKoSeJKleu  [kan^kAb^e- 
zh9t§,  -4?1  f^  -na»  -ueB  skat- 
er. 

KOHb«K  [kAn^yak,  -g]  m  -a 
(-y)  cognac,  brandy. 

kohk)iii|hh  [kAn*ushn*'a]  / 
-HH,  -eH  stable,  mews. 

KOonepaTHB  [kAAp^irAt^if, 
-v]  m  -a,  -OB  1.  co-operative 
society,  co-operative;  2.  col 
co-operative  store. 

KoonepauH|«  [kAAp^'i^ra- 
tstya]  /  -H,  -ft  1.  co-opera- 
tion, collaboration;  2.  co-op- 
eration, association;  co-opera- 
tive system;  noTpeCHTejibCKan 


~H  consumers*  co-operative 
societies. 

KonjaTb  [kApat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib  1.  dig  (a  hole, 
etc);  2.  dig  out  {potatoes,  etc). 

KoneMK)a  [kAp'^eyka]  /  -h, 
KoneeK  copeck  {the  hun- 
dredth part  of  the  rouble). 

KonHjilKa  [kAp^ilka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  money-box. 

KonHp|oBaTb  [kAp^iravat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -yft,  ciKonHpoBaTb  [skA- 
p'^fravat^]  'perf  copy,  imitate 
{also  fig). 

Kon|HTb  [kAp^it^]  imperf 
-jiK),  KonHiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -ft, 
HaJKonHTb  [nakAp^it^]  perf 
accumulate,  amass,  hoard; 
HaKOUHTb  onbiT  gain  experi- 
ence. 

KonHJJi  [kop^iya]    /    -h,   -ft 

1.  copy,   replica,    duplicate; 

2.  col  image. 

KonHJa  [kApna]  /  -b'l,  pi 
KonHbi,  KOneH,  -aM  shock, 
stook;   --a  cena   (hay)cock. 

Konoilb  [kopat^,  -d^]  /  -h 
soot,  lampblack. 

KonT|HTb  [kApt^it^]  imperf 
Konny,    -ftmb,  p  -hji,   imp  -ft 

1.  smoke,    cure    in     smoke; 

2.  smoke  {of  an  oil  lamp, 
etc). 

KonHeHUH  [kApch^only]  a 
smoked,  smoke-dried,  cured, 
kippered. 

Kop|a  [kAra^  /  -bi  1,  bark 
{of  a  tree);  2.  crust  {of  the 
earth,  etc); 

<>  ^a  rojiOBHoro  Mosra  anat 
cortex. 

Kopa6jilb  [kArabl'']  m  -h, 
-eft  ship,  vessel; 


—  179  — 


KOp 


<>  cwHraTb   CBOH    ~H    burn 
one's  boats. 

KOpajiji  [kAral]  m  -a,  -ob 
coral. 

Kope|ei;  [kAr^'eyats,  -dz]  m 
-Hua,  -HueB  Korean. 

KOpeHCK|HH  [kAr^eysk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Korean. 

KopcHHloH  [kar^i^nnoy]  a 
1.  native,  aboriginal,  indig- 
enous; 2.  radical,  fundamen- 
tal; -^bie  HHTepecbi  vital  in- 
terests; 
<>  ~6fi  3y6  molar. 

KopleHb  [kor^m^]  m  -hh,  pi 
-HH,  -Heft,  -HHM  root  (1)  of  a 
plant,  etc\  2)  of  some  matter, 
trouble,  etc\  3)  math  &  ling); 
<;>  B  —He  radically;  basical* 
ly;  yHHHTOJKHTb  B  ~He  erad- 
icate, uproot;  Jiec  na  ~hk) 
standing  timber;  CMOTpexb  b 
'—eHb  get  at  the  root. 

K0p3HH|a  [kArz^ina]  /  -u, 
~  basket. 

KopHA6p  (ksr^'idor]  m  -a, 
-OB  corridor,  passage. 

KOpiiHHeBbiil  [kAr^ich^n^'i- 
viy]  a  brown. 

KOpJKa    [korka]    /    -kh,  ^ok 

1.  crust    {of   the   bread,  etc)\ 

2.  rind,    peel   {of  fruit,  etc)\ 

«C>   OT      ~KH     AO     ~KH    col    ^ 

from  cover  to  cover. 

KopM  [korm]  m  -a  (^y),  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  forage,  feed,  fod- 
der; Ha  noAHOJKHOM  ~y  at 
grass;  2,  feeding  {of  ani- 
mals). 

KopMld  [kArma]  /  -bi  stern 
{of  a  boat  or  ship), 

KopMJHTb  [kArm^'it^]  imperf 
-jiK),  KopMHiub,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-H,  HaJKOpMHTb    [nakArm^it**] 


perft  noiKopMHrb  [pakArmMt^] 
perf  1,  feed  {a  baby,  a  horse, 
etc);  3Aecb  xopomo  KopMHT 
the  fare /food  is  good  here; 
2.  {no  perf)  fig  keep,  support, 
provide  for; 

<>  ~HTb  o6eii;aHHflMH  col 
feed  with  promises. 

Kop66|Ka  [kAropka]  /  -kh, 
•OK  1.  box  {of  or  for  matches, 
etc);  2.:  —  Ka  sa^hhh  frame 
(of  a  building)! 
<>  ~Ka  CKOpocT^H  technol 
gear-box;  Hepennaa  — na  anat 
cranium. 

KopoBJa  [kAr6va]  /  -bi^  -^ 
cow;  AOHHan  —a  milch  cow 
{also  fig). 

Kop6ji|b  [kArol^]  m  -h,  -eS 
king. 

Koponla  [kArona]  f  ' -hi,  ^ 
crown  {of  a  monarch). 

KopoHlKa  [kAronka]  /  >-kh, 
-OK  crown  {for  a  tooth). 

KopoTKJHH  [kArotk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,    -ne,    sh  f    KopoToK 

(KOpOTOK),      -a,     -0    (KOpOTKO, 

-6),~-H  (KopoTKH,  -h)  1.  short 
{!)  street,  hair,  etc;  2)  legs, 
etc;  3)  life,  etc;  4)  story,  etc); 
2.  prompt  and  resolute^  sum- 
mary; 

<>  ~oe  saMbiKaHHe  electr 
short  circuit;  Sbixb  na  —oh 
Hore  c  KCM-ji.  col  ^  be  on 
friendly  terms  with  smb; 
pyKH  KopoTKH!  col  ^  try  and 
get  it! 

KopoHC  [kAroch^i]  comp  of 
KOpOTKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

Kopnyc  [korpus,  -z]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  1.  {pi  -bi,  -oB)body 
{of  a  man  or  animal);  2.  hull 
{of  a  ship  or  tank);  3.  build- 


KOp 


—  180  — 


ing;  4.  mil  corps;  5.  technol 
frame,  case. 

KoppecnoHfleHT  [kar^ispAn^- 
d^ent,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  corres- 
pondent (o/  a  newspaper, 
etc). 

KoppecnoHAeHi;Hlji  [lor^is- 
pAn^d^'entstya]  /  -h,  -h  1. 
mail,  correspondence;  saKaa- 
HaH  ~H  registered  mail;  2. 
report  (in  the  pressy 

K6p4|HTbCJi  [korch^ittj9] 
imperf  -ycb,  -HiubcH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  clkopHHTbcji  [sk6r- 
ch^'ittsa]  perf  writhe,  squirm. 

KopuiyH  [korshun]  m  -a,  -ob 
(black)  kite  (a  bird). 

KOpbiCTH|biH    [kArtsnly]    a 

Sh     f     KOpblCTCH,     -a,     -O,     -bl 

mercenary,  selfish. 

KopbiTlo  [kArfta]   n    -a,  ~ 
trough,  wash-tub; 
<>    OKaadTbcn    y    pasdiiTGro 
■~a^be  no  better   off  than 
at  the  start. 

KOp|b  [kor^]  /  -H  measles. 

Koc|a  I  [kAsa]  /  -bi,  ace 
Kocy,  pi  K6cbi,  ~,  KocaM 
plait,  tress,  braid. 

KOc|a  II  [kAsa]  /  -bi,  ace 
Kocy  (-y),  pi  Kocbi,  ^.KocaM 
scythe; 

<>  Haiujia  --a  ua  KaMeHb 
prov  diamond    cut    diamond. 

KOCBeHHJbiH  [kos^v^mnty]  a 
indirect  {1}  result,  tax,  etc; 
2)  ling);  ^bie  yjiHKH  circum- 
stantial evidence. 

Koc|HTb  I  [kAs^it**]  imperf 
Komy,  KocHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
:iK0CHTb  [sk.As^it^]  perf  1. 
mow,  cut;   2.  fig  mow  down. 

KOc|HTb  II  [kAS^'it*']  imperf 
Kom>^,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,    imp  -h, 


CiKocHTb  [skAs'^it^]  perf 
squint;  imperf  also  be  cross- 
-eyed. 

K0CMH4ecK|HH  [kAs^m^ich^i- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  cosmic, 
space  (attr);  —Hft  kopaSjib 
spaceship;  ~oe  npocTpancTBO 
(cosmic)  space, 

KOCMOflpoM  [kasmAdrom]  m 
-a,  -OB  cosmodrome. 

KocMOHaeT  [kasmAnaft, -vd] 
m  -a,  -OB  sj^aceman,  cosmo- 
naut. 

k6cmoc  [kosmss,  -z]  m  -a 
space,  cosmos. 

KocHyxbCJi  see  KacaibCH. 

KocTjep  [kAs^t^or]  m  -pa, 
-poB  fire,  bonfire,  camp-fire. 

KOCTOHlKa    [kostach^ka]     / 
-KH,  -eK  1.  dim  of    KOCTb;  2. 
stone  {in  fruit);  US  pit; 
«0  nepeMbiBarb    --kh   col    ^ 
pick  to  pieces. 

KOCTbIJl|b  [kAsttl'']  m  -H, 
-eft  crutch  {used  by  lame 
people). 

KocTJb  [kos^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -H, 
pi  -H,  -eft,  -HM  1,  anat  bone; 
2.  pi  dice  {in  gambling);  3.: 
cjiOHOBan  ^b  ivory; 
<>  AG  ~eft  to  the  bone  /  mar- 
row; $i3biK  6e3  --eft  col  ^ 
loose  tongue. 

KGCTioM  [kAs^t^um]  m  -a, 
-OB  costume,  dress;  suit  {of 
clothes). 

KGCUHJKa  [kAsfnka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  (triangular)  kerchief; 
scarf  {worn  about  the  head, 
etc);  neckerchief. 

KOT  [kot,  -d]  m  -a,  -oe 
tom-cat; 

<>  '-'  Hanjiaxaji  col  ^  next 
to    nothing;    KyniiTb    --a    b 


181  ~ 


Kpa 


MeuiKe  ^  buy  a  pig  in  a 
poke. 

KOT|eji  [kAt^ol]  m -jia, -jioB 
1.  copper,  cauldron;  2.  tech- 
nol  boiler. 

KOTeH|oK  [kAt^onak,^  -gl  m 
-Ka,  -pi  KOTHTa,  KOTHT  kit- 
ten. 

KOTJiexja  [kAtPeta]  /  -u, 
'-:  0T6HBHaH  —a  cutlet,  chop; 
py6jieHaH  —a  rissole. 

KOTOplbiH  [kAt6riy]  pron  1. 
inter  which;  — -hh  ^ac?  what's 
the  time?;  b  ~-om  Macy? 
when?,  at  what  time?;  2.  rel 
introducing  attributive  clauses 
that;  who;  which;  KHHra, 
'-'yio  OH  noiepHji  the  book 
(that)   he  lost. 

K6(J)e  [k6f'9]  m  indecl  cof- 
fee. 

ko(|)6hhhk  [kAf'eyn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  coffee-pot. 

K6(|)T[a  [kofta]  /  -bi,  --  wom- 
an's jacket,  blouse. 

K04erap  [ksch^'i^gar]  m  -a, 
-OB  stoker,  fireman. 

KOHeHjerb  [kach'i^n^et^] 
imperf  -e}o,  -eQuih,  oiKOHeHeTb 
[Akach^i^n^et^]  perf  become 
numb  (with  cold). 

KouiejijeK  [kashi^l^ok,  -g] 
m  -bKa,  -bKOB  purse  {for  car- 
rying money). 

K6m|Ka  [koshka]  /  -kh,  -en 

1.  cat  (an  an/ma/);  pussy-cat; 

2.  technol  grapnel,  drag. 
Kouiy    I    [kAshu]    see    ko- 

CHTb    I. 

KOuiy  II  [kAshu]  see  ko- 
CHTb  II. 

Knee  [ka-pe-es-es]  abbrev 
(/)(=KoMMyHHCTH4ecKaH  nap- 
THH  CoyeTCKoro  CoK)3a)  CPSU^ 


(Communist  Party  of  the 
Soviet  Union). 

Kpa6  [krap,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
zool  crab. 

KpacBOH  [krayi^voy]  a  re- 
gional [cf  KpaH  3]. 

KpiKJa  [krazha]  /  -h,  -^ 
theft,  larceny. 

KpaJH  [kray]  m  -h  (-io),  pi 
-H,  -en,  -HM  1.  edge,  brim, 
brink;  ~h  Tpoxyapa  curb;  2. 
land,  country;  3.  territory, 
region  {an  administrative  di- 
vision); 

<>  Ha  ~K)  r"u6ejiu  on  the 
brink  of  ruin;  h3  ~ji  b  — ii 
from  one  end  to  another; 
B  HauiHX  — flx  in  our  parts; 
xBaxHTb  qepes  —ft  col  ^ 
overdo,  lay  it  too  thick. 

KpaHHc  [kr^yn^i]  adv  ex- 
tremely; ~  HyjKAaxbCH  B 
qeM-ji.    need  smth  badly. 

KpdfiH|HH  [krayn^iy]  a  1. 
extreme  {!)  north,  right,  etc; 
2)  views,  measures,  etc);  ~hh 
AOM  cjiesa  the  last  house  to 
the  left;  ~hh  cpoK  dead-line, 
time  limit;  the  last  date;  ?. 
dire  {need,  poverty,  etc);  utter, 
uttermost  {surprise,  etc); 
<>  B  ~eM  cjiynae  at  a  pinch, 
in  an  emergency;  na  ~hh 
cjiynafi  if  the  worst  comes 
to  the  worst;  no  —eft  Mepe 
at  least. 

KpaHH0CT|b  [kraynas^'t^, 
-z^d^]  /  -H,  -eft  1.  extreme 
{an  excessive  degree);  sna- 
Aaxb  B  —b  run  to  extremes; 
2.  extremity  {an  extreme 
necessity,  danger,  etc). 

KpaH  I  [kran]  m  -a,  -ob 
tap,  cock;  US  faucet;  no>Kap- 


Kpa 


182  — 


HbiH    ~    fire-cock;    BOAOpas- 
66pHbiH   —  hydrant. 

KpaH  II  [kran]  m  -a,  -ob 
crane  {a  machine). 

KpanHB|a  [krAp^ivaJ  /  -u 
(stinging)  nettle.  ( 

KpacaBJeu  [krAsav^itj,  -d^] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  handsome    man. 

KpacaBHUja  [krAsav^itja]  / 
-bi,  ~  beauty,  beautiful  wom- 
an; beautiful  girl. 

KpacHB|bifi  [krAs^iviy]  ash 
f  —,  -a,  -o,  -bi  beautiful, 
handsome; 

O—biecjioBa  fine  words;  fair 
words. 

Kpac|HTb  [kras^it^]  imperf 
Kpaiiiy,  -HUib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -b, 
BbilKpacHTb  [vfkras^it^]  perf, 
ojKpacHTb  [Akras^it^]  perf, 
noJKpacHTb  [pAkras^it^]  perf 
1.  paint,  dye;  2.  {no  perf) 
adorn,  make  beautiful. 

Kpac|HTbcji  [kras^ittja]  im- 
perf Kpamycb,  -HiiibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -Hjiacb,  imp  -bCH, 
-bxecb,  HaJKpacHTbCH  [nAkra- 
s^ittsa]  per/ make  oneself  up, 
use  cosmetics. 

KpacJKa  [kraska]  /  -kh,  pi 
-KH,  -OK  1.  paint,  dye;  2. 
{mostly  pi)  colour  {also  fig); 
<>  crymaxb  --kh  exaggerate; 
BOFHaTb  B  ~Kyco/make  smb 
blush. 

KpacHldib  [krAs^n^et^]  im- 
perf -eio,  -eeiiib,  noiKpacHeTb 
[pakrAs^n^et^]  perf  1.  redden, 
grow  red;  flush,  blush;  2. 
(no  perf)  blush  {for),  be 
ashamed  {for). 

KpacHopeHHB|biH  [krasna- 
r^'i^ch^iviy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a, -o, 
-w  eloquent,  expressive. 


KpacHJbiH  [krasniy]  a  sh  f 
KpaceH,  -a,  -o,  -u.  red; 
<>•  ~biH  yrojioK  room  for 
reading  and  recreation;  --asi 
cTpoKa  new  paragraph;  ~oe 
A6peB0  mahogany. 

KpacoT|a  [krasAta]  /  -h\,pl 
KpacoTbi,  KpacoT,  KpacoTaM 
beauty  {of  a  face,  voice,  na- 
ture, etc). 

Kpa|cTb  [kras^t^]  imperf 
-ay,  -fleiub,  p  -ji,  -jia,  imp 
-AH,  yiKpacTb  [ukras^t^j  perf 
steal,  practice  theft. 

Kpa|cTbC5i  [krastsa]  imperf 
-Aycb,  -AeiiibCH,  p  -JicH,  -jiacb, 
imp  -AHCb,  -AHxecb  steal, 
slink,  sneak. 

KpdTKJHH  [kratk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  KpaxoK,  -^,  -o, 
-H  short,   brief,  concise. 

KpaxKO  [kratka]  adv  briefly. 

Kpax  [krakh,  -gh]  m   -a  1. 
crash,     bankruptcy;     2.     fig 
break-up,  collapse; 
<>  noxepnexb  —  go  bankrupt; 
fail  {of  plans,  etc). 

KpaxMaji  [krAkhmal]  m  -a 
starch   {powder). 

KpaxMaji(  HXb  [  krAkhmal^it^] 
imperf  -lo,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  HaiKpaxMajiHXb  [nakrAkh- 
mal^it^i  perf  starch. 

KpcAMx  [kr^i^d^it,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  fin  credit. 

Kpeficep  [kr^eys^ir]  m  -a, 
-OB  cruiser  {a  warship). 

KpeM  [kr^em]  m  -a,  -oe 
cream  {1}  a  sweet  food',  2)  a 
cosmetic). 

KpewaxopHJH  [kr^imAtor^'iy] 
m  -H,  -eB  crematorium. 

KpeMjilb  [kr'^em!^]  m  -n,  -eft 
1.    kremlin   {in    old    Russia, 


183  — 


KpO 


the  citadel  of  a  city);  2.  (K.) 
the  Kremlin  {of  Moscow). 

KpeHflejijb  [kr^en^d^iP]  m 
-H,  pi  -H,  -eft  knot-shaped 
roll. 

KpenK|HH  [kr^epk^iy]  a -an, 
-03,  -He,  sh  f  KpenoK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  strong,  sturdy,  firm;  — oe 
SAOpoBbe  sound  health; 
— oro  cjiojKeHHH  of  sturdy 
build;   ^HH  Mopoa  hard  frost. 

KpennyTb  see  oKpennyTb. 

KpenocT|b  I  [kr^epas^t^, 
-z^'d^]  /  -H  strength  (o/ dru^s, 
liquors,  etc). 

KpenocT|b  II  [kr^epas^t^, 
-z'^d^]  /  -H,  p/ -H, -eft  strong- 
hold; mil  fortress. 

Kpenne  [kr^epch^i]  comp  of 
KpenKHH  Sccorresp  adv. 

Kpecjjio  [kr^esla]  n  -Jia,  -eji 
arm-chair,   easy  chair. 

KpecT  [kr^est,    -zd]    m    -a, 
-OB  cross  {also  fig); 
<>  nocTaoHTb  ~Ha  hcm-ji.  [hr 
KOM-ji.]  col  ^  give    up  smth 
[smb]  as  hopeless. 

KpecTbaH|HH  [kr^i^s^t^ya- 
n^in]  m  -una,  pi  -e,  --  peas- 
ant. 

KpHejoH  [kr^ivoy]  \  a  sh  f 
'^,  -a,  KpHBO,  KpHBbi  1.  crook- 
ed, curved,  wry;  2.  one-eyed; 
II  as  a  noun  k  p  h  b  |  a  h  / 
-OH,  -b'lx  math  curve,  curved 
line; 

<>     ~aji     yjibiSKa      crooked 
smile. 

KpHSHc  [kr^iz^'is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  crisis. 

KpHK  [kr^ik,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
-OB  1.  cry,  shout,  yell,  scream; 
2.  fig-  —  AyuJH  a  cry  from 
the  heart; 


<>nocjieflHHH  ~  MOAbico/  the 
last  word  in  fashion. 

KpMKHyTb  see  KpHHaXb. 

KpHcxajiJi  [kr^istal]  m  -a, 
-OB  crystal  {a  form  of  sub- 
stance) . 

KpHTHK  [kr^it^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  critic;  xeaTpajibKbifl  -^ 
art  critic. 

KpHTMKJa  [kr^it^ika]  /  -h 
1.  criticism;  ne  BbiAepJKHBaib 
~H  be  beneath  criticism, 
hold  no  water;  2.  critique. 

KpHTHK|oBaTb  [kr^it'^lkA- 
vat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yemb,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -VH  criticize. 

KpHTMHecKJMH  I  [kr^it^i- 
ch^'isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
critical  {mind,  approach,  es- 
say, etc). 

KpHTHHeCKiHH      II      [kr^lt^l- 

ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne 
critical,  crucial. 

KpHH|aTb  [kr^ich^at^]  im- 
perf -y,  -Hmb,  p  -aji,  imp 
-H,  KpHKH|yTb  [kr^iknut^] 
psff'-y,  -eiub,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 

1.  cry,  shout,    scream,    yell; 

2.  shout  {at  smb);  3.  call  out 
{to  smb). 

KpoeaTJb  [krAvat^]  /  -h, 
-eft  bedstead,  bed. 

Kp68H|biH  [krovniy]    a     1. 
blood    {attr)    {relatives,    etc); 
2.  fig  vital  {interests^  etc); 
<>    — aH    MecTb   blood    feud; 
~biH  Bpar  deadly  enemy. 

KpOBO...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to 
'blood':  KpoBOo6pameHHe[kr9- 
VAAbrAsh^'.en^iya]  circulation 
of  the  blood. 

KpoBOTeHeHH|e  [kravat^i®- 
ch^en^iya]  n  -a  med  haemor- 


KpO 


—  184  — 


rhage;  extravasation;    bleed- 
ing. 

KpOBJb  [krof**,  -v^]  /  -H 
blood  {in  the  body); 
<>  3T0  y  Hero  [y  nee  a  tn.  d] 
B  — H  it  runs  in  his  [her, 
etc]  blood;  -— b  c  mojiokom  ^ 
the  very    picture   of   health. 

KpoJHTb  [kvAii^]  imperf  -k), 

-HUJb,   p    -HJI,  imp  'H,  C'iKpOHTb 

[skrAit^]   peri    cut    (out)     (a 
garment). 

KpoKOAMJi  [krakAd^il]  m  -a, 
-OB  crocodile. 

KpojiHK  [krol^'ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  rabbit. 

KpoMe  [krom^i]  prep  with 
gen  used  1.  in  the  'sense  of 
*not  including',  'apart  from'i 
Bce  ^  Hero  everybody  except 
he,  everybody  but  he;  2.  in 
the  sense  of  'in  addition  to'i 
KTO  TSM  6biJi  -~  Te6H?  who 
was  there  besides  you?; 
<0>  -'  Toro  besides,  in  addi- 
tion, furthermore;  ^  uiyTOK 
joking  apart. 

KponoTJiHB|biH  [krapAtl^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
laborious,  toilsome;  2.  pains- 
taking, laborious. 

Kpocc  [kros,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
sport  cross-country  race. 

Kp6TK|Hft  [krotk^'iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  KpoTOK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  gentle,  meek. 

KpoiulHTb  [kr Ashtt^] /mper/ 
-y,  KpOLUHuib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h, 
HalKpoiuHTb  [nakrAshit^]  perf 
crumble,  crumb. 

Kp6u]|Ka  [kroshks]  /  -KH,-eK 
1.  crumb  [of  bread,  etc);  2.  m 
&  /  col  little  one;   darling;' 
-^  HH  ~KH  not  a  bit. 


Kpyr  [kruk,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -H,  -OB  1.  math  circle;  2. 
fig    sphere,    range,    domain; 

§T0     He     BXOAHT     B      ~      MOHX 

o6fl3aHHOcTeH  this  is  outside 
the  range  of    my    duties;    3. 
fig  circle  {of  people); 
O  rojioBd  Hfl§T    --0M   col  s 
I'm  all  in  a  whirl. 

Kpyrji|bifl  [kruglty]  a  sh  f 
—  ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  round  {in 
shape);  2.  whole  {year,  etc); 
3.  col  perfect,  utter,  com- 
plete. 

KpyroBloH  [krugAvoy]  a 
circular  {movement,  etc); 
<>  -aa  nopyKa  1)  mutual  re- 
sponsibility/guarantee; 2)  mu- 
tual shielding/ saving  {from 
punishment,  etc). 

Kpyro36p  [krugAzdr]  m  -a 
mental  outlook;  hcjiobck  c 
uiHpoKHM  ^OM  broadminded 
person. 

KpyroM  [krugom]  I  adv  1. 
round  {of  turning,  etc);  2. 
around,  all  round;  3.  col 
entirely,  wholly;  ^  b  AOJirax 
heavily  in  debt; 
II  prep  col  with  gen  denot- 
ing movement  in  a  circle 
about  smth  round. 

Kpy«eBJo  [kruzhava]  n  -a, 
pi  -a,  — ,  -aM^lace,  point-lace. 

Kpy)K|MTbcji  [kruzhlttjaj/m- 
perf  -ycb,  Kpyn^HuibCH  (-Hmb- 
ch),  p  -hjich,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -HTecb  1.  whirl,  spin, 
go  round;  2.  circle  {of  birds, 
airplanes,  etc); 
<>  rojioea  Kpy)KHTcsi  I  feel 
giddy. 

Kpy^lKa  [krushka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  mug,  tankard, 


—  185  — 


KTO 


KpyjKiOK  [kruzhok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  circle,  society;  hobby 
group. 

Kpynja  [krupa]  /  -bi,  pi 
Kpynbi,   -—  groats. 

KpynHJbifi  [krupnty]  a  sh  f 
KpyneH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  large, 
big;  large-scale;  2.  great, 
important;  3.  prominent, 
outstanding,  major;  4.  big, 
tall,  well-grown; 
<>  —biH  pasroBop  col  high 
words. 

KpyT|HTb  [kfut^it^]  imperf 
Kpyqy,  KpyiHiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  turn  (a  handle,  wheel,  etc). 

KpyrjOH  [krutoy]  ashf  ^, 
-a,  KpyTo,  Kpyibi  1.  steep 
(descent,  bank,  etc);  2.  sud- 
den, abrupt;  ^oft  nepeJioM 
drastic  change;  3.  strict, 
stern,  severe; 

<^  -^OH  KHnsiTOK  boiling  wa- 
ter (just  off  the  fire);  ~6e 
fliiuo  hard-boiled  egg;  ~asi 
Kama  thick  gruel. 

Kpyne  [kruch^i]  comp  of 
KpyTOH  &  corresp  adv. 

KpymcHHle  [krushen^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  wreck  (of  a  ship); 
crash  [of  an  aircraft);  ~e 
noesfla  railway  accident;  2. 
fig  ruin  {of  one's  hopes,  etc). 

KpbiJi|o  [krtlo]  n  -a,  pi 
KpbiJibH,  KpbijibeB  wing. 

KpHjibujo  [krtl^tjoj  n  -a, 
pi  Kpbijibua,  Kpujieu,  -a.M 
porch. 

Kpbicla  [kriS9]  /  -bi,  ~  rat 
{a   rodent). 

Kpbimla  [krisha]  /  -h,  -r 
roof  (of  a  house,  etc). 

Kpbiui|Ka  [krtshka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  lid,  cover. 


KpK)K  [kr^uk,  -g]  m   -a,  pi 

-H     (KpiOHbH),     -OB     (KpIOMbeB) 

1.  hook  {for  hanging  heavy 
things  on);  2.  col  detour. 

KpionloK  [kr^uch^6k,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  small  hook;  pbi6o- 
jioBHbiH  ~6k  fish-hook;  bh- 
aajibHbiH  —OK  crochet;  sa- 
cxernyTb  -^6k  do  up  a  hook; 
sacxerHyTb  Ha  —ok  hook  (a 
dress,  etc). 

KcraTH  [kstat^i]  I  adv  1.  to 
the  point,  opportunely;  o^ieHfa 

—  most  welcome;  2.  at  the 
same  time,  while  one  is 
about  it; 

11  parent h  by  the  way,  by 
the  by. 

KTO  [kto]  pron  Koro,  KOMy, 
Koro,  KCM,  (o)  KOM  1.  inter 
who;  —  3TO  HAeT?  who  is  it 
coming?;  kopo  tm  BHAeji? 
whom  did  you  see?;  KOMy  bm 
AajiH  raaery?  whom  did  you 
give  the  newspaper?;  2.  rel 
who;  he  who;  h  He  3HaK),  — 
3T0  6mji  I  don't  know  who 
it  was;    —    xo^ct    hohth    na 

SKCKypCHK),      AOJIJKCH      BHeCTH 

ABaAuaib  KonecK  he  who 
wants  to  go  on  an  excursion 
must  give  twenty  copecks; 
3.  indef  col  some  {of  people); 

—  neji,  —  MOJiMaji  some  sang, 
some  were  silent;  He  noft^eT 
JIH  —  CO  MHOH  B  TeaTp?  will 
someone  go  to  the  theatre 
with  me?;  —  mto  jik)6ht  tastes 
differ; 

<>  —  6bi  HH  whoever;  —  6bi 
HH  npHiueji...  whoever 
comes...;  ~  6bi  to  hh  6biJi 
whoever  it  may  be;  ~  Koro? 
who  will  win?;   — — ,    a   oh 


kT6 


-  186- 


jtoJixeH  3T0  3HaTb  he  should 
know  it,  if  anybody  does. 
kt6-jih6o  [ktol^iba]  pron= 

KT6-HH6yflb. 

KT6-HH6yAb  [kton^ibut^, 
-d^]  pron  indef  Kor6-HH6yAb 
somebody,  someone;  anybody, 
anyone  {in  inter  sentences). 

kt6-to  [ktota]  pron  indef 
Koro-To  somebody. 

Ky6  I  [kup,  -b]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  math  cube. 

Ky6  II  [kup,  -b]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  boiler  {for  boiling, 
distilling,  etc). 

KySHHjeu  [kub^In^its,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Cuban. 

KySHHCKJHH  [kub^insk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Cuban. 

KySjoK  [kubak,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  1.  goblet;  2.  sport   cup. 

KyeiuiiH  [kufshtn]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  --OB  jug,  pitcher. 

Kyjia  [kuda]  adv  1.  inter  & 
indef  where,  which  way;  — 
OH  noexaji?  where  did  he  go?; 
•—  HAex  3T0T  aBT66yc?  what's 
the  route  of  the  bus?;  ro- 
pOA,  ^  OH  yexaji  the  town 
where  he  has  gone;  2.:  ~ 
(6bi)  HH  wherever  {denoting 
direction);  ~-  oh  hh  noHAex 
wherever  he  goes;  —  6bi  oh 
HH  nomeji  wherever  he  may 
go; 

<>  xoTb  —I  col   couldn't    be 
better! 

KyAa-JiH6o  [kud^l^iba],  Ky- 
fla-HH6yAb  [kudan^ibut^,  -d^], 
KyAa-TO  [kudata]  adv  some- 
where, to  some  place. 

KyAp|H  [kudr^i]  pi  -efl 
curls,  curly  hair.. 

KyApflBJbiH     [kwdr^avi^]    a 


sh  f  —,  -a,  -0,  -bi  curly, 
curly-headed. 

KysHci;  [kuz^n^etj,  -dz]  m 
-a,  -OB  (black)smith,  ham- 
mersmith. 

KysHCHMK  [kuz^n^ech^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  grasshopper, 

KysoB  [kuzaf,  -v]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  body  {of  a  car  or  car- 
riage). 

Kyft  [kuy]  see  Kosaxb. 

KyK|jia  [kukb]  /  -jibi,  -oji 
doll  {also  fig);  xeaxp  ~oji 
puppet  theatre;  puppet-i.how. 

KyKypyaja  [kukuruza]  /  -bi 
maize;  US  corn. 

KyKym|Ka  [kukushka]  /  '•kh, 
-eK  cuckoo. 

KyjiaK  [kulak,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 

1.  fist    {a    clenched    hand); 

2.  technol  cam; 

<>  CMeHTbcji  B  ^  col  ^  laugh 
in  one's  sleeve, 

KyjiHHapH(ji  [kuPinar^iyaj 
/  -H  cookery. 

KyjiHcja  [kul^'isa]  /  -bi,  pi 
-bi,  ~-  {mostly  pi)  theat  wing, 
side-scene; 

<>  3a  '-aiMH  behind  the 
scenes  {of). 

KyjibT  [kul^t,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  cult,  worship;    2.  fig  cult 
{of  beauty,  etc); 
<>    cjiy^KHrejib    —a    minister 
of  religious  worship. 

KyjibT...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to  'cul- 
ture': KyjibXXOBapbi  [kiil^'t- 
tAvari]  articles  for  cultural 
needs. 

KyjibTHBHp|oBaTb  [kul^t^i- 
v^iravat'']  imperf  -yio,  -yeiub, 
p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft  cultivate 
{also  fig). 


—  187 


Kyc 


KyjibTyp]a  [kuPturs]  /  -bi," 
--  1.  culture  (1)  of  a  man; 
2)  of  a  given  people  in  a 
given  period,  etc);  2.  agric 
culture,  crop;  xexHHqecKHe 
--bi  industrial  crops;  KOpMO- 
Bbie  ~bi  forage  crops. 

KyjibTypH|biH  [kul^turniy] 
a  sh  f  KyjibxypeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  cultural  {level,  standard, 
revolution,  etc);  2.  cultured 
{person);  3.  agric  cultured 
{plants). 

KynajibHbiH  [kupal^nty]  a 
bathing  {cap,  suit,  etc). 

Kyn|aTb  [kupat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  BbiKynjarb  [vl- 
kupat^]  perf  -aK),  -aeiub, 
HC;KynaTb  [iskupat^]  perf 
bathe,  give  a  bath  to. 

KynjarbCfl  [kupattja]  imperf 
-aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  BbiKynjaibCfl 
[vtkupattsa]  perf  -aiocb, 
-aeinbCH,  HciKynaTbcsi  [isku- 
pattja]  per/ bathe,  go  bathing; 
take  a  bath. 

Kyne  [kupe]  n  indecl  (sleep- 
ing) compartment  {on  a  train)^ 

Kyn|eu  [kup^ets,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -uoB  tradesman;  trader, 
merchant. 

KynHTb  see  nOKynaxb. 

Kynoji  [kupal]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  cupola,  dome. 

Kyp|HTb  [kur^it^]  imperf 
-K),  KypHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
smoke  {cigarettes,  etc). 

KypH^|a  [kur^itja]  /  -bi,  pi 
Kypbi,  Kyp,  KypaM  hen,  chick- 
en; • 

<>    KypaM    Ha    cmcx    col    = 
enough  to  make  a  cat  laugh. 

KypHocjbiH  [kurndsiy]  a  sh 
i  --,  -a,  -0,   -u    snub-nosed. 


Kypopx  [kurort,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  health-resort. 

Kypc  [kurs,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  course  {1)  of  a 
ship,  etc;  2)  of  lectures;  3)  at 
a  university,  etc);  2.  pi  (in- 
struction) courses;  3.  fin  rate 
of  exchange; 

O  6bixb  B  —e  ;iejia  be  well- 
-informed  (on  the  matter). 

KypcHB  [kurs^if,  -v]  m  -a 
italics,  italic  type. 

Kypc6B(Ka  [kursofka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  kursovka  {a  sanatorium 
voucher  entitling  to  board 
and  medical  treatment  with- 
out lodging). 

KypxJKa  [kurtk9]  /  -kh, 
-OK  jacket  {a  short  coat). 

Kypbep  [kur^yer]  m  -a,  -ob 
messenger,  courier. 

Kycajxb  [kusat^l  imperf 
-K),  -euib  bite  {of  a  dog,  flea, 
etc). 

KycdlxbC5i  [kusattsa]  imperf 
-K)Cb,  -euibCH    bite    {with  the 
teeth). 

KycloK  [kusok,    -g]    m  -Ka, 
-KOB    piece,     bit;     slice    {of 
bread);  lump  {of  sugar);  cake, 
bar  {of  soap); 
<>  jiaKOMbiM  ~6k  titbit. 

Kycx  [kust,  -zd]  m  -a,  -6b 
bush,  shrub; 

<>  cnpHxaxbCM    b    --bi  col  ^ 
show  the  white  feather. 

KycxapHHK  [kustarn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  bushes,  shrubbery, 
undergrowth.. 

KycxapH'ibiH  [kustarniy]  a 
1.:  —  bie  H3AejiHH  handicraft 
wares;  —  bift  npoMbiceji  do- 
mestic craft;  2.  fig  primitive, 
amateurish    {methods,  etc). 


Kyx 


—  188  — 


KyxaplKa  [kukharka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  cook. 

KyxJHsi  [kukhn^a]  /  -hh, 
-OHb,  -HHM  1.  kitchen;  2.  cook- 
ing, cuisine. 

Kynja  [kuchma]  /  -h,  ~ 
1.  heap,  pile;  2.  fig  col  heap 
{of),  heaps  {of). 

KyuiaH|be  [kushan^ya]  n 
-bH,  -HH,  -bHM  food,  dish. 


KymaJTb  [kushat^]  imperf 
-K),  -eiiib  eat  {food);  have, 
take  {food);  -~Tb  noAano  din- 
ner [supper,  etc]  is  served; 
~HTe  DHpor  have  some  pie, 
please. 

KymeTJKa  [kushetka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  coucn  {furniture). 

Kyib  [kuyu],  Kyeuib  [kuyosh, 
-zh]  see  KOBaib. 


JI 


jiadopaTopHiJi  [bbarAtd- 
r^iya]  /  -h,  -h  laboratory. 

jiaBMHJa  [lAV^ina]  /  -bi,  — 
avalanche  {also  fig). 

jiaBJKa  I  [lafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  bench  {a  seat). 

jiaB|Ka  II  [lafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  (small)  shop;    US    store. 

jiaep  [lavr]    m    -a,    -ob  bot 
laurel,  bay(-tree); 
O  noKHHaib    ~bi    reap  lau- 
rels; noHHTb  Ha  ~ax  rest  on 
one's  laurels. 

jiarepjb  [lag^ir^]  m  -h,  pi 
-H  (-H),  -en  (-efl)  camp  {also 
fig);  pacnojiaraxbcH  ~eM 
camp;  CHHMaibCH  c  ~h  break 
camp. 

jiaflHo  [ladna]  part  col  denot- 
ing consent,  affirmation  all 
right,  (very)  well,  agreed; 
US  O.K. 

;iafl6H|b  [Udon^]  /  -h,  -eft 
palm  {of  the  hand). 

jiaflb|«  [Ud^'ya]  /  -h,  pi 
'ii,  JiaAefl,  -HM  chess  rook, 
castle. 

jia)Ky  [lazhu]  see  jiasHTb. 

AasJHTb     [laz^it^]     imperf 


jiajKy,  -Huib,  p  -HJi  [of 
jiesTb  1]  climb,  clamber. 

jiafl  [lay]  m  JiaH  bark(ing). 

jiaK  [lak,  -g]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-H,  -OB  lacquer,  varnish. 

jiaKelfi  [Uk^ey]  m  -h,  -cb  1. 
footman,  man-servant;  2.  fig 
lackey,  flunkey. 

jiaKHpoBaHHlbifl  [bk^iro- 
vanniy]  a  [pa]  varnished, 
lacquered;  -—an  Koma  patent 
leather. 

jiaMnja    [lampa]    /    -bi,    — ' 

1.  lamp;      (electric)     bulb; 

2.  valve,  tube  {in  radio,  etc); 
<C>  ~a  flHeBHoro  CBera  fluo- 
rescent lamp. 

ji^MnoHJKa  [lampach^ka]  / 
-KH,    -CK     dim    of   jiaMna    1. 

ji^HAbiui  [landfsh,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  lily  of  the  valley. 

jiaoccKJHH  [lAossk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -ne  Laotian. 

jianja  [laps]  /.  -bi,  ^  1. 
paw  {1)  of  a  bear,  wolf,  etc; 
2)  col  a  human  hand);  2.  tcch- 
nol  claw,  dovetail; 
<>  nonacTb  b  --w  k  KOMy-ji. 
col  fall  into  smb's   clutches. 


—  189  — 


jier 


jianiu|a  [Upsha]  /  -ri  noo- 
dles. 

jiapjcK  [Ur^ok,  -g]  m 
-bKa,  -bKOB  stall  {for  selling 
things). 

jidcKJa  [laska]  /  -h  1.  ca- 
ress, endearment;  2.  kind- 
ness. 

jiacK|dTb  [lAskat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -^euib  1.  caress,  fondle; 
2.  fig  caress  {of  a  voice,  mu- 
sic, etc). 

jiacKOBlbiH  [laskaviy]  a  sh 
f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  affection- 
ate, tender;  2.  fig  caressing 
{wind,  sun,  etc). 

jiacTOH|Ka    [lastach^ka]     / 
-KH,  -eK  swallow  {a  bird); 
<>  nepeasi  --Ka    ^  the  first 
sign(s). 

jiaTBHflcK|Hfi  [Utv^iysk^iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  Latvian. 

jiaTyH|b  [lAtun^]  /  -H  brass 
{an  alloy). 

jiaTbim  [Utish,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-eft  Lett. 

jiaTUiuicK|HH  [Utlshsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Lettish. 

jiaypeax  [laur^i^at,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  laureate  {of  a  poet, 
artist,  etc);  ~  JleHHHCKOH 
npeMHH  Lenin  prize  laureate  / 
winner. 

jiaHJTb  [layst^]  imperf 
jiaer,  p  -ji,  -jia,  imp  Jiaft 
bark,  bay. 

Ji6a  [Iba],  ji6ob  [Ibof,  -v] 
see  Jio6. 

jiraJTb  [Igat^]  imperf  jiry, 
jijKeuib,  JiryT,  p  -ji,  -jia,  Jira- 
jio,  jirajiH,  imp  jifh,  coji- 
r|aTb  [sAlgat^]  perf  -y,  coji- 
Hceiub,  -yT,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
'^m,  imp  -h  lie,  tell  lies. 


jiryH  [Igun]  m  -a,  -6b  liar. 

jieSe^lb  [Peb^it^,  -d^]  m 
-H,  pi  -H,  -eft  swan  {a  wa- 
ter-bird). 

jieB  [Pef,  -v]  m  jibBa,  pi 
jibBbi,  jibBOB  lion. 

jieBuijd  [Pi*^fsha]  m  &  f 
-H,  -eft  left-handed  person. 

jieB|biH  [P6v*y]  a  1.  left, 
left-hand;  ^aa  ciopona  left- 
-hand  side  [also  see  <>];  2.  pol 
left,  left-wing; 
<0>  —  aa  cTOpoHa  the  wrong 
side  {of  a  material,  clothe 
etc);  BbiBepHyxb  Ha  —yio  cto- 
pOHy  turn  inside  out. 

jier  [Pok,  -g],  jierjia  [Pi^- 
gla]  p  of  jie^b;  see  jio^HTbcn* 

jierajibHJbiH  [l^i^gal^niy]  a 
sh  f  jierajieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  le- 
gal {party,  methods,  etc). 

jierdHA|a  [Pi^g^6nda]  /  -bi, 
--  legend. 

jierKJHe  [Pokhk^iya]  pi  -hx 
{sing  jierK|oe  n  -oro)  anat 
lungs;  BocnaJieHHe  — hx  pneu- 
monia. 

jiePKlHft  [Pokhk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  jieroK,  JierKa, 
jierKo,  jierKH  (-h)  1.  light 
{not  heavy);  2.  easy  {not  dif- 
ficult); ^an  pa66Ta  easy/ 
light  work;  3.  light,  slight; 
~Hft  cjiyqaft  mild  case  {of 
illness);  4.  light,  wanton; 
5.  companionable,  sweet- 
-tempered,  friendly;— rift  xa- 
paKxep  sweet  temper; 
<>  ~afl  axjicTHKa  track  and 
field  athletics;  y  nero  —aa 
pyKa  col  he  brings  .luck;  jie- 
roK  Ha  noMHHe!  col  talk  of 
the  devil  /  angel  (and  he  is 
sure   to  appear)! 


jier 


—  190  — 


jierKOMbicjieHH|biH  [l^ikhkA- 
mis''l''inniy]  a  sh  f  jierKO- 
MbicjieH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  light- 
-minded,  fri/olous. 

jierne  [Pekhch^i]  I  comp 
of  jierKHH  &  corresp  adv; 
II  impers  predlc  it  is  easier; 
-~  cKaaaTb,  mcm  CACJiaxb  eas- 
ier said  than  done; 
<>  Mac  6t  Hacy  He  ~  col 
(things  are  going)  from  bad 
to  worse;  eiviy  or  axoro  He 
~  he's  none  the  better 
for  it. 

jiefl  [IM,  -d]  m  Jibfla 
(jibAy),  pi  Jibflbi,  JibAOB  ice 
{frozen  water). 

jieflHHK  [Ped^n^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  ice-house;    ice-box. 

jie^HMK  [I'^i^d^n^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  glacier. 

jie;ioK6ji  [PidAkol]  m  -a, 
-OB  ice-breaker  (a  ship). 

.neflMHJOH  [l^'id^i'^noy]  a 
1.  icy,  glacigl;  —an  cocyjib- 
Ka  icicle;  2.  ice-cold,  chill- 
ing; 2.  fig  icy  {welcome, 
stare,  etc). 

jiecK  [l^'eyak,  -g]  see  jieftKa. 

jiejK|aTb  [l^i^zhat^l  imperf 
-y,  -Hiub,  p  -aji,  imp  -h 
1.  lie  {in  a  horisontal  posi- 
tion); be  {in  some  place,  said 
of  things);  --arb  b  hoct^jih 
lie  in  bed;  keep  the  bed; 
~aTb  B  jiHXopaAKe  be  laid 
up  with  fever;  ^axb  b  6ojib- 
HHue  be  in  hospital;  2.  lie, 
be  situated  {of  a  town,  road, 
lake,  etc);  3.  tig  rest  {with 
smb,  of  responsibility,  etc); 
be  the  duty  {of  smb);  4.  fig 
weigh  heavily  {on  one's  con- 
scimae,  etc); 


«0  —axb  B  ocHOBe  underlie 
{of  a  principle,  etc);  —  axb 
noji  cyKHOM  be  shelved; 
flyuia  /  cepAue  ne  ~hx  feel 
a  distaste,  have  no  liking 
{for  smth  or  smb). 

jie3BH|e  [l^ez^v^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  blade  {of  a  knife,  for 
shaving,  etc). 

jiealjb  [l^es^t^]  imperf  -y, 
-eiiib,  p  ~,  -jia,  imp  -b  a 
concrete  movement  in  a  defi- 
nite direction  —  1  {cf  jiasHXb] 
1.  climb  {a  tree,  through  a 
window,  etc);  2.  fig  col  thrust 
oneself  {upon);  interfere, 
meddle;  --xb  He  b  CBoe  Aejio 
poke  one's  nose  into  other 
people's  affairs;  3.  get  {into 
some  place,  for  burglary,  etc)', 
4.  fall  out  {Of  hair); 
<>  —xb  KOMy-ji.  B  jiyuiy  col 
=  worm  oneself  into  smb's 
confidence. 

jiefi  [l^ey]  see  jiHXb. 

jieHK|a  [l^'eyka]  /  -h,  jieeK 
watering-pot. 

jieftxenaHx  [l^iyt^i^nant, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  lieutenant 
{a  military  officer). 

jieKapcxBlo  [l^i^karstv9]  n 
-a,   —  m.edicine  {a  drug). 

jiCKxop  [l^'ektar]  m  -a,  -os 
lecturer  {a  person  who  gives 
lectures). 

jieKUH|fl  [l^ektstya]  /  -h, 
-H  lecture. 

.len  [l^on]  m  jibua  flax;  — 
-AOJiryneu  flax-fibre. 

jieHHBJbiH  [l^'i^n^iviy]  a  sh 
f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  lazy. 

jieHHHHSM  [Pm^in'^izm]  m 
-a  Leninism  {the  teaching  of 
Lmn), 


^  191  — 


JieT 


jieHHHCKJHH  [Pen^insk^iy] 
a  -asi,  -oe,  -He  Lenin  (attr), 
Leninist. 

jicHlHTbCH  [l^i^n^ittsa]  im- 
perf  -K)Cb,  jieHHUibCH,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -lijiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
be  lazy. 

jieHTJa  [l'ent9]  /  -bi,  — 
1.  ribbon  (1)  for  trimming, 
etc;  2)  a  symbol  of  honour); 
(hat)  band;  2.  fig:  BHTbCH 
--0H  wind  its  way  {of  a  river, 
road,  etc);  3.  technol  tape, 
band  {of  steel,  paper,  etc); 
ryceHH^Han  —a  caterpillar 
track;  4.  film  {of  celluloid, 
used  in  cinema). 

jieHTH|H  [Pi^n^t^ay]  m  -h, 
•eB  col  idler,  lazy-bones. 

jieHJb  [Pen^]  I  /  -h  lazi- 
ness, indolence; 
II  predic  col  be  (too)  lazy 
{to  do  smth);  euy  —  b  pyKoft 
nomeBeJiHTb  he  is  too  lazy 
to  lift  a  finger; 
<>  see  KOMy  He  ~b  col  any- 
one who  feels  like  it. 

jienJHTb  [Pi^p^it^l  imperf 
-jiib,  JienHUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
BbiJienJHTb  [vtl^ip^it^l  perf 
-jiKD,  -Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H, 
CiJienHTb     [s^l^i^p^it^]      perf 

1.  (BbiJienHTb)  mode!,    sculp- 
ture   {in    clay,     wax,     etc); 

2.  (cjienHTb)     make,      build 
{birds'  nests,  honeycombs). 

jiec  [Pes,  -z]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  woodland,  wood(s), 
forest'j  CMemaHHbiH  -^  mixed 
forest;  2.  timber,  lumber; 
<>  -~  pyGsiT  —  luenKH  jiexflx 
prov  ^  you  cannot  make  an 
omelette  without  breaking 
eggs;  KTO  B  '^,  KTO  no  Apoea 


prov  =  one  pulls  one  way 
and  the  other  pulls  the  other 
way. 

jiec|a  [Pi^sa]  pi  -6b  scaf- 
fold(ing)  {used  in  construc- 
tion, etc). 

jiecHHK  [Pi^s^n'^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  forest-guard,  forester. 

jiecHJOH  [Pi^snoy]  a  forest; 
timber;  — 6e  xoshhctbo  for- 
estry; --bie  Haca>KAeHHH  af- 
forested areas. 

jiecTHHuja  [Pes^n^itja]  / 
-bi,  ~  stairs,  staircase;  lad- 
der {for  gQing  up  and  down; 
also  fig);  cKJiaflnan  ^a  step- 
-ladder;.  noHcapnaH  ~a  fire- 
-escape;  napa^Han  ~a  main 
staircase;  Mepnan  ~a  back- 
stairs. 

jiecTHJbiH  [Pesnly]  a  sh  f 
jiecxeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  compli- 
mentary {words,  etc);  flatter- 
ing {to  one's  vanity). 

jiecxjb  [Pes^t^,  -z^d*']  /  -h 
flattery. 

jiexa  [Pi^ta]  pi  Jiex,  -m 
1.:  CKOJibKO  eMy  jiex?  how 
old  is  he?;  eMy  nnxb  jiex  he 
is  five  (years  old);  c  agxckhx 
Jiex  from  /  since  childhood; 
cpeAHHX  Jiex  middle-aged; 
2.  years  {time);  npomjio  mho- 
ro  Jiex  many  years  passed; 
<>  B  --x  elderly;  Ha  cxa- 
pocxH  Jiex  in  one's   old    age. 

jiexjaxb  [Pi'^tat^j  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib  [cf  jiexexb  1]  fly 
{through  the  air). 

jiex|exb  [Pi^t^et'']  imperf 
jieqy,  -Hiub,  p  -eji,  imp  -A 
a  concrete  movement  in  a  de- 
finite direction  —  1  [cf  jie- 
xaxb]  1.  fly  {through  the  air); 


Jier 


—  192  — 


2.  fig  fly   (0/  time);  3.    tear 
along  at  breakneck  speed; 
<>    jiereTb   CTpejiofl    fly    like 
an  arrow  from  the  bow. 

jieTKHH  [l^'et^n^iy]  a  sum- 
mer {attr). 

jieTH|bifi  [l^otnty]  a  flying 
{field,  weather,  etc);  ~biH 
cocT^B  air  crew;  US  flight 
personnel;  ~oe  flejio  aero- 
nautics. 

jieT|o  [Peta]  n  -a  summer; 

<>     CK6jIbK0    ~,    CKOJIbKO     3HM 

it's  ages  since  we  met;  I 
haven't  seen  you  for  ages. 

jiexoM  [l^'etam]  adv  in 
summer. 

jiexHHK  [Pot^ch'^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  flyer,  pilot,    aviator. 

jieH66HHu|a  n^i^ch^^ebn^'i- 
tj9]  /  -bi,  ~  hospital,  nurs- 
ing home. 

jieneSHbifi  [l^i^ch^ebniy]  a 
1.  medical  {establishment, 
aid,  etc);  2.  medicinal  {herb, 
etc). 

jieH|HTb  [Pi^ch^if]  imperf 
-y,  jieHHUib,  p  -ifji,  imp  -u 
treat  {medically). 

jiCHJIiTbCJi  [l^i^ch^ittja] 
imperf  -ycb,  jie^HiiibCH,  p 
-H^cn,  -HJiacb,  imp  -iicb, 
-rixecb  undergo  a  cure,  take 
a  treatment,  receive  treat- 
ment {for). 

jiCH^    I    [Pi*ch''u]    see    Jie- 

TeTb. 

jieny  II  [l^i^ch^u]  see  Jie- 
qHTb. 

JICHb   see    J10>KHTbCfl. 

jiem  [I'^esh^:,  -zh'^:]  m  -a, 
-efl  bream  {a  freshwater  fish). 

jiiKc...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds   denoting     'pseudo-', 


'false':  ji>KeHayKa  [IzhenAuka] 
pseudo-science;  ji>KecBHAe- 
Tejib  [Izhes^v^id^et^il'']  false 
witness,  perjurer. 

jiMteuib  [Izhosh,  -zh]  set 
JiraTb. 

ji}KH  [Izhi]  see  .no>Kb. 

jDKHBibiH  [Izhtviy]  u  sh  f 
^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  lying,  un- 
truthful; false,  deceitful. 

jiH  [I'^i],  Jib  [1^1  I  part 
used  1.  in  general  questions: 
6biji  JIH  OH  B  xe^xpe?  was  he 
at  the  theatre?;  He  Aauib  jih 
xbi  MHe  cxaKan  boaw?  will 
you  kindly  give  me  a  glass 
of  water?;  2.  in  combination 
with  some  words  to  express 
doubt,  uncertainty,  etc:  spHA 
JIH  hardly,  scarcely;  e^Ba  jih 
hardly,  it's  doubtful  wheth- 
er...; ^y^h  jih  He  almost, 
nearly; 

II  cj  1.  introducing  an  indi- 
rect question  if,  whether;  h 
He  3Haio,  xaM  jih  oh  I  don't 
know  if  /  whether  he  is  there; 
2.:  JIH,..,  JIH...  whether... 
or... 

jiHSepaji  [l^ib^i^ral]  m  -a, 
-OB  liberal. 

jiHSepajibHJbifi  [l^'ib^i^ral^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  jiH6ep^JieH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  pol  liberal. 

jih6o  [l^iba]  cj  denoting 
1.  an  alternative,  sometimes 
coupled  with  addition,  connex- 
ion or  with  warning,  threat 
or;  — ...,    ^...  either...  or... 

-jih6o  part   forming  indefi- 
nite pronouns  or  adverbs  when 
added  to  kxo,  qxo,  etc:  kxo--' 
somebody,    someone;     FAe-  — 
■  somewhere,     in    some   place. 


—  193  -^ 


jiHeaHJei;  [l^ivan^its,  -dz] 
n  -ua,  -ueB  Lebanese. 

jiHBaHCKJHH  [l^ivansk^iy]  a 
-aji,   -oe,  -He  Lebanese. 

jiHBJeHb  [l^iv^in^]  m  -hh, 
-Heft  heavy  rain,    downpour. 

jiHBHJei;  [Piv^iyats,  -d^]  m 
-Hua,  -Hues  Libyan. 

jiHBHHCKJMH  [l^iv^iysk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Libyan. 

jiHrja  [l^iga]  /  -h,  —  league 
(a  society). 

jmmvi    [Pizht]    see   jiH3aTb. 

jiH)Ky  [Pizhu],  jiHjKeuib 
[Pizhash,  -zh]  see  JiHsaxb. 

jiH3|aTb  [Pizat^]  imperf 
jiH^y,  jiHJKeuib,  p  -aji,  imp 
JIH}KH,  jiH3H|yTb  [Piznut^] 
psrf  -y,  -eiub,  p  -yji,  imp 
-H  lick  {of  a    cat,    dog,    etc). 

jiHKBHAMploBaxb  [l^ikv^i- 
d^iravat^]  perf  &  imperf 
-yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -oBaji,  imp 
-yft  liquidate,  eliminate,  do 
away  with. 

jiHKcp  [l^ik^or]  m  -a,  -ob 
liqueur. 

jiHK|oBaTb  [l^ikAvat^l  im- 
perf -yK)  -yeujb,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yft  rejoice,  exult. 

jiHJi  [l^il],  JiHJia  [Pila]    see 

JIHTb. 

jiHjiHlfl  [l^il^iya]  /  -h,  -h 
lily;  BOAHHan  — h  water- 
-lily. 

jiHjioBbiH  [l^ilovly]  a  violet. 

jiHjicH  [Pils*'a],  jiHJiacb  [l^i- 
las^,   -z^]  see  jiHibcn. 

jiHMOH  [I'^imon]  m  -a,  -ob 
lemon;  lemon-tree. 

jiHHeHKJa  [IMn^eyka]  /  -h, 
jiHHeeK  1.  ruler  {for  drawing 
straight  lines,  measuring 
length,    etc);     JiorapH(J)MHHe- 


CKan  —a  slide  rule;  2.:    6y- 
Mara  b  —y  lined  paper; 
<>     nHOHepcKafl     —a    Young 
Pioneer  parade  {line-up). 

jiHHHJfl  [l^in^iya]  /  -h,  -ft 
line  (/)  straight,  carved,  etc, 
2)  of  a  railway,  etc;  3)  tele- 
graph, telephone;  4)  of  con- 
duct, etc);  npoBOAHTb  -~io 
draw  a  line  [also  see  <>]; 
<>  npoBojiHTb  ~K)  pursue  a 
policy;  hath  no  ~h  HaHMCHb- 
uiero  conpoTHBJieHHa  follow 
the  line  of    least    resistance. 

jiHHa|Tb  [l^in^at^]  imperf 
-ex,  noljiHHHTb  [pal^in^at^j 
perf  1.  ifade,  lose  colour  {of 
materials);  run  {of  colours); 
2.  {no  perf)  shed  hair,  cast 
the  coat  {said  of  animals); 
moult,  shed  feathers  {said  of 
birds);  slough  {of  snakes). 

jiHn|a  [Pipa]  /  -hi,  ^ 
lime(-tree),  linden. 

jiHnK[HH  [l^ipk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  jihrok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  sticky,  adhesive;  ~Hft 
njiacTbipb   sticking-plaster. 

.iHnHJyTb  [l^ipnut^]  imperf 
-CT,  p  jiHH  (-yji)  stick  {re- 
main  fastened   by   adhesion). 

jiHc|a  [l^isa]  /  -bi,  pi  jihcm, 
■—,  jiHcaM,  jiHCHu,|a  [l^ls^itsa] 
/  -bi,   ~   fox  {also  fig). 

jiHCT  [l^ist,  -zdj  m  -a,  pi 
-b'l  (-bH),  -OB  (-bes)  1.  {pi  -bH) 
leaf    {of  a   plant,    tree,    etc); 

2.  {pi  -hi)  leaf  {in  a  book); 
sheet    {of   paper,   metal,  etc); 

3.  {pi  -bi):  onpocHbiH  —  ques- 
tionnaire; noAnHCHoft  —  sub- 
scription list; 

<>  HPpaTb  c  ~a  mus  play 
at  sight. 


JIHC 


194  ^ 


jiHCTBeHHbiH  [l^is^t^v^m- 
niy]  a  leaf-bearing;  ~  Jiec 
foliage  forest. 

.jiHCTOBiKa  [l^istofka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  leaflet    {printed    matter). 

jiHTeHHbiH  [l^it^eyniy]  a 
foundry  (attr);  ^  aaBOA  found- 
ry (a  works). 

jiHTCparypla  [l^it^irAturs]  / 
-u  literature;  xyAomecTseH- 
Han  --a  fiction    {novels,  etc). 

jiHTepaTypH|biH  [Pit^irAtur- 
niy]  a  sh  f  jiHiepaxypeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  literary  (language, 
style,  etc). 

jiHTOBleu  [l^itov^its,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -ueB  Lithuanian. 

jiHTOBCKJHH  [l^itofsk^iy]  0 
-aH,  -oe,  -He  Lithuanian. 

jiMTp  [Pitr]  m  -a,  -ob  litre. 

jiHTb    [l^it^]    imperf    jibio, 

JIbeillb,    p     JIHJl,     JIHJia,    JIHJIO, 

jiHJiH,  imp  Jieu  1.  pour  {a  liq- 
uid or  of  a  liquid);  jihji  cHJib- 
HbiH  AO>KAb  it  was  pouring; 
2.  technol  cast,  mould  {mol- 
ten metal,  etc); 
<>  ~  cjiesbi  shed  tears;  ~ 
BOfly  Ha  MbK)-ji.  MejibHHU.y  ^ 
draw  water  to  smb's  mill; 
play  into  smb's  hands. 
jiMTbca       [l''ittj8]       imperf 

JlbeiCH,  p  JIHJICH,  JlHJiaCb, 
JIHJlCCb,         JIHJlHCb        1.        flow, 

stream,  pour  {of  water,  tears, 
etc);  2.  fig  stream  {of  light, 
etc);  pour  {of  words,  a  song, 
etc). 

jiudj^T  [l^ift,  -vd]  m  -a,  -ob 
Hfi,  elevator. 

jiH^HHK  [I'^ifch^'ik, -g]  m -a, 
-ob  brassiere,  bra. 

jiMxopafllKa  [l^'ikhAratka]  / 
-KM  fever  {also  fig). 


jiHxopaAOHH|biH  [l^ikhAra- 
dach^niy]  a  sh  f  jiHxopa;;o- 
Hen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  feverish  {also 

fig)- 

jiHueMepHJbiH  [Pitst'^m^er- 
niy]  a  sh  f  JiHueMepen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  hypocritical. 

jiHi^jo  [l^itjo]  n  -a,  pi 
jiHua,  -~,  jiHuaM  1.  face  {of  a 
person);  2.  fig  individuality, 
individual  character;  noKa- 
3aTb  CBoe  ~6  show  one's 
real  worth;  3.  person  {any 
individual);  ^acTHoe  —6  pri- 
vate person;  AOJDKHocxHoe  -^6 
official,  functionary;  4.  the 
right  side  {of  a  material,  of 
an  article  of  clothing);  5. 
ling  person; 

<>  B  ~e  in  the  person  {of);  na 
oflHO  ~6  as  like  as  two  peas; 
HeBSHpaji  Ha  jiHu,a  without 
respect  of  persons;  b  ~6  to 
smb's  face;  anarb  b  ^6  know 
by  sight;  axo  eiwy  ne  k  '-y 
this  doesn't  become  him  {also 
fig);  noKaaarb  roBap  ~6m  col 
show  smth  to  advantage;  ne 
y^apHTb  —  6m  B  rpfl3i>  col  = 
not  disgrace  oneself;  be  up 
to  standard|the  mark. 

jiHHHo  [I'^ich^na]  adv  per- 
sonally, in  person. 

jiMHHOCTlb  [Pich^'nas^t^, 
-z^'d^]  /  -H,  -eft  1.  person 
{any  individual);  HciopHqe- 
cKan  ~b  historical  figure; 
HenpHKocHOBeHHocTb  ~H  per- 
sonal immunity;  2.  personal- 
ity, individuality. 

jiUHHbiH  [Pich^nty]  a  per- 
sonal {affair,  hygiene,  etc)-, 
private  {life,  property,  etc); 
<>  ^  cocidB  mil    personnel. 


195 


JlOfl 


jiHiujaTb  [Pishat^l  imperf 
-aio,  -aenib,  jiMui|HTb  [l^i- 
shlt^]  perf  -y,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  deprive  of  {rights, 
property,  etc);  deny  {pleasure, 
etc);  --aTb  CBo66Abi  imprison; 
~aTb  BOHHCKoro  SBaHHH  re- 
duce to  the  ranks; 
<>  jiHuiHTb  ce6fl  )KH3HH  Com- 
mit suicide. 

jiHui|aTbCJi  [Pisliattja]  /m- 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  jiHuiJHTb- 
cfl  [Pishfttsa]  perf  -ycb,  -Hiiib- 
CH,  p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -HTecb  lose,  be  depriv- 
ed {of),  forfeit;  jiHUiHTbCH 
3peHHH  lose  one's  sight;  jih- 
iiiH^CH  HyscTB  faint;  jih- 
lUHTbCH  pe^H  be  deprived  of 
speech,  lose  one's  tongue. 

jiHuicHHle  [l^ishen'^iya]  n 
-H,  pi  -H,  -H  1.  deprivation 
{the  act  of);  ~e  rpajKAancKHx 
npaB  disfranchisement;  2. 
{mostly  pi)  privation,  hard- 
ship. 

jiHuiHTb  see  JiHiuaTb. 

JIHIUHTbCSI    see   JIHUJaTbCH. 

jihuihIhh  [l^ishn^iy]  a  1. 
spare,  extra;  2.  superfluous, 
unnecessary;  oh  sjxecb  ~hh 
he  is  not  wanted  here; 
<>  c  ~HM  col  more  than; 
TpH  KHJioMeTpa  c  -~HM  more 
than  three  kilometres,  three 
kilometres  odd. 

jiHiub  [l^ish,  -zh]  I  part 
denoting  restriction,  limita- 
tion only,  but; 

11  c/  1.  introducing  an  ad- 
ditional thought:  Mbi  noHACM 
TyAa,  -~  HCMHoro  otaoxhcm 
we'll  go  there,  only  first  we'll 
rest  a  little;   we'll    go   there 


after    a    short    rest;    2.:    ^ 
TOjibKo  as  soon  as; 
<>    ~    6bi     if   only;    ~    6bi 
yexaxb  ceroAHH  if  only  I  could 
leave  today. 

jio6  [lop,  -b]  m  Ji6a,  pi 
Ji6bi,  ji6oB  forehead  {of  the 
face) . 

jiOB|HTb  [lAv'^it'^]  imperf 
-jiK),  jioBHiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H, 
noHMJaTb  [pAjmat^]  perf  -aro, 
-aeuib  1.  catch  {a  ball,  mice, 
etc);  capture  {a  thief,  butter- 
flies, etc);  pick  up  {signals); 
2.  fig  seize  {an  opportuni- 
ly)\  3,  fig  catch  {snib's  eye); 
<>  —  HTb  Ha  cjioee  col 
take  smb  at  his  word;  b 
MyTHOH  BOAC  pbi6y  ~HTb  fish 
in  troubled  waters. 

jiOBKJHH  [lofk'^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  jiobok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  deft,  dexterous,  adroit; 
2.  ingenious,  dodgy,  tricky; 
~HH  xoA  clever  stroke. 

jiOBjiiM  [16vp9]  /  -H  hunt- 
ing, catching;  fishing;  bird- 
-catching. 

jioBym|Ka  [Uvushka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  trap  {for  animals,  etc; 
also  fig). 

jiorHKla  [locj^ika]  /  -h  logic. 

jiorHHecK|HH  [lAg^ich^'i- 

sk^iy]   a    -an,  -oe    -ne    logi- 
cal {approach,  result,  etc). 

jiorHHHlbiH  [lAg^'ich^niy]  a 
sh  f  jiorHMen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  logi- 
cal {argument,  action,  etc). 

jiOAJKa  [lotka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
boat  {a  small  open  vessel); 
noABOAHan  ~Ka  subma- 
rine. 

jiOAbipjb  [lodir^]  m  -a,  -en 
idler,  loafer. 


nom 


—  196 


jiojKJa  [lozha]  /  -h,  --  theat 
box. 

jiojK|HTbCJi  [lAzhitts9]  im- 
perf  -ycb,  -Hiubcji,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb, 
jiewb  [l^ech'']  perf  jinry,  jih- 
jKCLUb,  jiHryT,  p  jier,  Jierjia, 
imp  Jinr  1.  lie  down;  '-HTbCH 
cnaTb  go  to  bed;  2.  cover  {of 
snow);  fall  (o/  folds  in  a 
dress,  etc). 

jioiKlKa  [16shk9]  /  -kh,  -ck 
1.  spoon  (for  eating,  etc);  2. 
spoonful  (of); 

<0>  ~Ka  Acrxji    B   SoHKC  Me^a 
^  a  fly  in  the  ointment. 

ji6«h1wh  [lozhniy]  a  sh  f 
jio/KeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  false  (i) 
theory,  rumour,  etc;  "2)  pride, 
shame,  etc). 

jio}Kb  [losh,  -zh]  /  ji>KH  lie, 
falsehood. 

jioaynr  [lozunk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  slogan,  catchword. 

ji6K|oTb  [lokat^,  -d^]  m  -th, 
pi  -TH,  -Teft  elbow  {of  the 
arm); 

<>    HyBCTBO   -^TJi    feeling    of 
fellowship. 

jioM  I  [lorn]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  crow-bar. 

JIOM  II  [lorn]  m  -a  scrap 
metal. 

jioMJaTb  [Umat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  ciJioMdTb  [sIa- 
mat^]  perf  break  {1)  a  chair, 
arm,  etc;  2)  traditions,  etc); 
<>  —  axb  rojioBy  Han  hcm-ji. 
col  =  puzzle  over  smth. 

jioM|aTbC5i  [lAmattja]  im- 
perf -aKx:b,  -aeuibCH,  noijio- 
Maxbcsi  [paUmattja]  perf, 
cijiOMaTbcji  [slAmaltja]  perf 
I,  break,  crack,  smash,  burst; 


2.  (nojiOMaTbCH)  col  grimace; 
put  on  airs. 

jiOM6apfl  [lAmbart,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  pawnshop. 

jioM|6Tb  [Umot^,  -d^]  m 
-TH,  pi  -TH,  -Ten  slice  {of 
bread). 

jionaTJa  [lApata]  /  -bi,  — ' 
spade  {for  digging);  shovel. 

ji6n|aTbCfl  [lopattja]  imperf 
-aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  ji6nH|yTb 
[lopnut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-yji,  Imp  -H  1.  break,  burst 
{of  a  rope,  string,  etc);  crack 
(of  a  glass,  bottle,  etc);  2.  fig 
col  go  bankrupt  {of  a  busi- 
ness, policy,  etc): 
<>  ero  repncHHe  JionHyjio 
his  patience  was  exhausted, 
he  lost  all  patience. 

jiococHH|a  [lasAS^ina]  /  -bi 
salmon  {the  flesh  of). 

ji6coc|b  [16s8s^,  -z**]  m  -h, 
-eft  salmon  (a  fish). 


jioc|b    [los' 


■H,  pi 


-H,  -eft  elk  {a  kind  of  deer). 

jiOTepe|ji  [bt^i^r^eya]  /  -h, 
-ft  lottery. 

jioxMaxbiJI  [lAkhmatiy]  a 
shaggy;  tousled,   dishevelled. 

jioxMOTblM  [lAkhmot'ya]  pi 
-eB  rags    {old,  worn   clothes), 

jiouwaH  [lotsman]  m  -a,  -ob 
naut  pilot. 

ji6iiiaA|b  [loshat^,  -d^]  /  -h, 
pi  -h,  -eft,  -HM  horse  {an 
animal). 

jiyr  [luk,  -g]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  meadow. 

jiy)K|a  [luzha]  /  -h,  ^  pud- 
dle {of  water); 

^  cecTb  B  ~y  col  =  get 
into  a  mess;  disgrace  one- 
self. 


197  — 


JIK)6 


jiyxaHKJa  [luzhayka]  /  -h, 
jiyjKaeK  lawn,  grass-plot. 

jiyK  [luk,  -g]  m  -a  (-y) 
onion(s). 

jiyK^BlbiH  [lukaviy]  a  sh  f 
'-,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  cunning  [per- 
son); 2.  sly,  arch. 

jiyHJa  [luna]  /  -bi,  pi  jiyHbi, 
'-,  jiynaM  moon  {a  satellite). 

jiyHHbiH  [lunniy]  a  lunar; 
moonlit    {night). 

jiyn|a  [lupa]  /  -u,  ~  mag- 
nifying glass. 

jiyn  [luch^,  -j^]  m  -a,  -eft 
beam  {from  a  lamp,  etc);  ray 
{of  light,  etc). 

jiyHUiC  [lutshi^]  I  comp  of 
xopoiKHH  &  corresp  adv; 
II  impers  predic  it  is  better; 
BMy  --  he  feels  better;  eMy  — 
yHTH  it  would  be  better  for 
him  to  go  away;  he  had  bet- 
ter go  away; 
«0>  TCM  ~  so  much  the  better. 

jiynuilHH  [lutshiy]  I  -an, 
-ee,    -He   comp   &   super  I    of 

XOpOIIIHH; 

II  as  a  noun  ji  y  q  m  ]  e  e  n 
-ero  (the)  best;  (the)  better; 
3a  HeHM^HHCM  --ero  for  want 
of  smth  better. 

jibi3KH-[lizhi]  pi  JibiJK  {sing 
jibiiK|a  /  -H)  skis. 

jibiiKHHK  [Hzhn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  skier. 

jibijKHbiH  [Hzhniy]  a  ski 
{attr)\   —  cnopT  skiing. 

jibicHH|a  [Hs^ina]  /  -bi,  '^ 
bald  spot. 

jibiclbiH  [Hsiy]  a  sh  f  —, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  bald,  bald-headed. 

Jib  see  jiH. 

jibBa  [Pva],  JibBOB  [l^vof, 
-v]  see  jiee. 


jibBHu|a  [Pv^itja]  /  -bi,  ^ 
lioness. 

jibrorla  [l^gota]  /  -bi,  -- 
privilege  (a  favour  not  en- 
joyed by  others). 

jibroTHJbiH  [Pgotniy]  a: 
— bie  n6iiiJiHHbi  preferential 
duties;  Ha  -~bix  ycjiOBHHX 
on  favourable  terms;  no  ~oft 
ueH^  at  a  reduced  price. 

jibfla  [l^'da],  jibAOB  [l^'dof, 
-v]  see  JIQ.JX. 

jibAHHJa  [l^d^ina]  /  -bi,  — 
block  of  ice,  ice-floe. 

jibercii  [l^yottsa]  see  jiHXbCH. 

jibHa  [l^na]  see  jich. 

jibHHHl6ft'[l^n'i^n6y]  a  flax- 
en; -~6e  nojioTHo  linen;  -^66 
M^cjio  Unseed  oil. 

jibCTHBlbifi  [Ps^'t^iviy]  a 
sh  f  •~,  -a,  -0,  -bi  smooth- 
-tongued;  obsequious,  fawn- 
ing. 

jibcrlHTb  [l^s^t^it^]  imperfi 
jibmy,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
nojibcrlHTb  [pAl^s^t^it^]  perf 
nojibuiy,  -HUib,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-H  flatter  {!)  praise;  2)  grati- 
fy the  vanity  of). 

jibw  [l^'yu],  Jibeiiib  [Pyosh, 
-zh]  see  jiHTb. 

jiK)5e3H|biH    [l^ub^ezniy]    a 
sh  f  jiK)6e3eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  kind, 
obliging,  considerate; 
<>  Syflbxe  ~bi  please,  would 
you  be  so  kind. 

jiroSHMJei;  [Pub^imhts,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ues  favourite. 

jiK)5HMbiH   [Pub^imiy]  [pa] 

I  a  favourite;  dear,  dearly- 
-loved,  beloved; 

II  as  a  noun  ji  lo  6  h  m  |  bi  h 
m  -oro,  -bix  darling,  dear, 
dearest. 


jiio6 


198 


jiK)6HTejilb  [l^ub^it^iP]  m 
-H,  -eft  1.  amateun  2.  fan, 
lover  {of  music,  etc). 

jiK)6|HTb  [l^ub^it^]  imperf 
-jiK),  jiK)6Hmb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
1.  love  (a  c/i//rf,  e^c);  2.  like, 
be  fond  of{  love  {music,  etc)\ 
3.  fig  need,  require;  sth 
UBexbi  jik)6ht  Bo^y  these  flow- 
ers require  much  water; 
KapT6(|)ejib  jiioSht  necManyK) 
noHBy  potatoes  thrive  in 
sandy  ground; 

<>  JiK)6Hiiib  KaraTbcsi,  —  h  h 
caHOHKH  BOSHTb  prov  ^  aft- 
er dinner  comes  the  reckon- 
ing. 

jiio5|oBaTbcsi  [PubAvattja] 
imperf  -yKx:b,  -yeuibCH,  p 
-OBajiCH,  -OBajiacb,  imp  -yftcH, 
-yfiiecb,  noiJiH)6oBaTbcsi  [pa- 
PubAvattja]  perf  admire,  feast 
one's  eyes  {on)\ 
<>  nojiK)6yHTecb  Ha  ce6a! 
col  just  look  at  yourself! 

jik)66bhhk  [l^ubovn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,   -08  lover,  paramour. 

jiioSoBHHula  [l^ubovn'^itja] 
/  -bi,   ~  mistress,  paramour. 

jiK)6|6Bb  [Pubof^  -v^]  / 
-BH,  instr  -oBbKD  love;  H3  ~bh 
K...  out  of  love  of...  /  for... 

jiK)6o3HaTejibH|biH  [l^ubA- 
znat^il^nty]  a  sh  f  jiKD6o3Ha- 


TejieH,  -a,    -o,  -u  inquisitive 
{eager  to  learn). 

jik)56h    [l^uboy]     I    a    any 
{no  matter  which); 
1 1  as  a  noun  Ji  lo  6  |  6  ft  m  -oro, 
-bix    anyone;  either  {of  two). 

jiK)6onbiTHlbiH  [PubAptt- 
niy]  a  sh  f  jiio6oribiTeH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  1.  inquisitive,  curious; 
2,  curious,  unusual,  odd. 

jiio6onbiTCTB{o  p^ubApttjt- 
V9]  n  -a  curiosity,  inquisi- 
tiveness. 

jik)a1h  [l^ud^i]  pi  -eft,  -hm, 
-bMH,  (o)  -Hx  people,  men; 
<>  BbiHTH    B    ~H   make  one's 
way  in  life. 

jiiOAHJbiH  [l^udniy]  a  sh  f 
jiiOAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  densely 
populated;  2.  crowded  {street, 
meeting,  etc). 

jiK)K  [Puk,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  manhole;  2.  naut  hatch- 
way, hatch;  3.  theat  trap. 

jiiocTpla  [Pustra]  /  -bi,  -' 
chandelier  {hanging  from  the 
ceiling). 

ji5ir  [Pak,  -g]  imp  of  Jienb; 

see    JI0>KHTbCH. 

jiflry  [Pagu],  jiR»eiub  [l^'a- 
zhash.  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  persons 
of  AeHb;  see  jiomvnbCfi. 

jijiryui|Ka  [l^i'^gushka]  f 
-KH,  -eK  frog  {an  animal). 


M 


MaBsojielfi  [m9vzApey]  m 
-fl,   -eB  mausoleum. 

MarasHH  [magAz^in]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  shop,  store;  yHHsep- 
cajibHbiH  ~  department  shop  / 


store;  npOMTOBapHbifl  <—  dry 
goods  shop;  2.  technol  supply 
chamber  {in  a  rifle,  etc). 

MarHcxpajilb    [mag^'istral^] 
/    -H,    -eft    1.    highway    {the 


199  — 


Maji 


main  route);  >jceJie3Ho;];op6}K- 
Han  ^h  rly  main  line,  trunk 
line;  2,  main  {for  water,  gas, 
etc). 

MarHHT  [mAgn^it,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  magnet  {also  fig). 

MarHHT0(j)6H  [magn^itAfon] 
m  -a,  -OB  tape-recorder. 

MaeK  [mayak,  -g]  see  MaHKa. 

Mimy  [mazhu],  Ma»ceiiib 
[mazhash,  -zh]  see  Masaib. 

Mawb  [mash,  -zh]  see  ui- 
3aTb. 

MasaJTb  [mazat^]  imperf 
Ma>Ky,  Ma>Kemb,  p  -ji,  imp 
MajKb  1.  oil,  grease,  lubricate; 
butter;  2.  cover  /  soil  with 
smth  greasy  /  dirty;  3.  col 
miss  the  mark. 

Masjb  [mas^,  -z^]  /  -h,  -eft 
ointment,  liniment;  can6>K- 
Haji  ^b  shoe  polish. 

Man  [may]  m  Man  May. 

MaHK[a  [mayka]  /  -h,  MaeK 
undervest,  singlet,  T-shirt; 
sports  shirt,  jersey. 

Maflop  [mAyor]  m  -a,  -ob 
major  {a  military  officer). 

MaftcKlHH  [maysk^iy]  a -an, 
-oe,  -He  May  {attr). 

MSLK  [mak,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
-OB  1.  poppy  {the  plant  and 
flower);  2.  poppy  seed. 

MaKapoHbi  [mskAroni]  pi 
MaKapoH  macaroni. 

MaKCHMajibH|bifi  [msks^i- 
maPniy]  a  sh  /MaKCHMajien, 
-a,  -o,    -bi    maximum    {attr). 

Majiajei;  [mAlayats,  -dz]  m 
-Hua,  -HueB  Malay,  Malayan. 

MajiaHCKlHH  [mAlaysk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  Malayan. 

MajieHiulHH  [mAPeyshty]  a 
-an    -ee,  -He  least,   slightest. 


MajicHbKlHH  [mapin^k^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1.  small, 
little;  2.  small,  young;  3. 
little,  slight;  ordinary  {man). 

Ma.iiHH|a  [mApina]  /  -bi  rasp- 
berry. 

Majio  [mala]    I    adv    little; 
II  as  a  nam  few  {books,  etc); 
little  {tea,  etc); 
<>  —  Toro  moreover;    ~    jih 
4To!  col  what  of  it! 

Majio...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds  denoting  insufficiency^ 
a  small  degree  of,  etc:  Majio- 
jiexHHH  [malA^et^n^iy]  young 
{boy,  etc);  juvenile;  Majiorpa- 
MOTHbiH  [makgramatniy]  al- 
most illiterate,  uneducated; 
MaJioonbiTHbiH  [mabopttnty] 
of  little  experience,  inexpe- 
rienced. 

MajiOAyuiHlbiH  [malAdush- 
niy]  a  sh  f  MaJioAymen,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  cowardly,  faint-hearted. 

MajioKpoBH  1  e  [malAkrov^iya] 
n  -H  med  anaemia. 

Majio-noMajiy  [mabpAmalu] 
adv  little  by  little,  gradu- 
ally. 

MajiOHHCJieHHlbiH  [malAch^i- 
s^Pmniy]  a  s/i/Majio'^HCjien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  small   in    number. 

Maji|biH  [maliy]  a  sh  f  — -, 
-a,  -6,  -bi  1.  small  {in  size, 
quantity);  2.  {only  sh  f)  too 
small,  tight;  najibxo  '-6  the 
coat  is  too  small, 

Majibraui  [mAl^gash,  -zh] 
m  -a,  -eft  Malagasy. 

MajibramcKJHH  [mApgash- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  Mala- 
gasy. 

MajibMHK  [mal^ch^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  boy. 


Maji 


200  — 


MajiMp  [mAl^ar]  m  -a,  -6b 
(house-)painter, 

MajinpM|fl  [maPi^r^iya]  / 
-H  malaria. 

MaM|a  [mama]  /  -u,  •— 
mother  {a  female  parent); 
mummy,  ma. 

MaHAapHH  [mandAr^'m]  m 
-a,  -OB  tangerine. 

Maneep  [mAn^ovr]  m  -a, 
-OB  mil  manoeuvre  {also  fig). 

Manepja  [mAn^era]  /  -bi, /?/ 
-bi,  -~  1.  manner  {customary 
behaviour);  2.  style  {in  liter- 
ature, etc);  3.  pi  manners 
{good,  bad,  etc). 

MaHweTJa  [mAnzheta]  / 
-ti,  ~  cuff  {of  a  sleeve). 

MaHH(|)ecT  [man^if'est,  -zd] 
m  -a,  -GB  manifesto. 

MaHy4)aKTyp|a  [manufAktu- 
ra]  /  -bi  1.  {pi  -bi,  ~)  econ 
manufactory;  2.  textilG(s), 
drapery. 

MaprapHH  [margAr^in]  m  -a 
margarine. 

MapHHoeaHHbifi  [mar^ino- 
vanniy]  a  {pa\  preserved  in 
pickle,  piclded. 

MapJKa  I  (marka]  / -kh,  -ok 
1.  (postage)  stamp;   2.  mark, 
brand,  label;  trade  mark; 
<>  noA  —KOH  under  the  guise 

{of). 

Map'|Ka  II  [marka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  mark  (a   monetary   unit). 

MapKCHSM  [mArks'^izm]  m 
-a  Marxism. 

MapKCH3M-jieHHHM3M  [mArk- 
s^izml'^in^'in^izm]  m  MapK- 
CH3Ma-JieHHHH3Ma  Marxism- 
-Leninism  {the  teaching  of 
Marx,    Engels    and    Lenin); 

KJiaCCHKH        MapKCH3Ma-JieHH- 


HHBMa  the  classics  of  Marxism- 
-Leninism. 

MapKCMCT  [mArks^ist,  -zd] 
m  -a,  -OB  Marxist, 

Mapji|«  [marina]  /  -h 
cheese-cloth,  gauze. 

MapOKKaH|eu  [marAkan^its, 
-dz]  m   -ua,    -ueB    Moroccan. 

MapOKKaHCKJHH  [marAkan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Moroc- 
can. 

MapT  [mart,  -d]  m  -a 
March. 

Mapiu  [marsh,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-efl  march  {1)  movement;  2) 
music). 

Mapmaji  [marshal]  m  -a, 
-OB  marshal  {a  military  of- 
ficer) . 

Maprnpyr  [mArshrut,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  route,  itinerary. 

Mac|Ka  [maska]  /  -kh,  -ok 
mask   {also  fig). 

MacKapaA  [maskArat,  -d]  tn 
-a,  -OB  masquerade,  fancy- 
-ball. 

MacKHploeaTb  [mask^irA- 
vat^]  imperf  -yra,  -yeiub,  p 
-oBaji,  imp  -yft,  saiMacKHpo- 
eaib  [zamask^irAvat^]  perf 
1.  mask  {also  fig);  2.  mil 
camouflage. 

MacjieHJKa  [mAs^l^onka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  butter-dish;  2. 
technol  lubricator,  oil  cup. 

Mac;i|o  [masla]  n  -a  1. 
butter;  oil  {vegetable  and 
mineral);  2.  oil  colour/  paint; 
<>  HACT  KaK  no  ~y  col  ^ 
it  goes  like  clock-work. 

Maccja  [massa]  / -bi,  pi  -bi, 
~  1.  phys  mass;  2.  paste  (/) 
a  substance;  2)  a  food-stuff); 
pulp    {of   wood,    etc);    3.    a 


201 


Mam 


large  amount  /  quantity  (of), 
a  lot  (of),  a  great  deal  {of); 
4.  col  mass,  the  bulk  {of);  5. 
pi  masses  {of  the  popula- 
tion). 

MaccoBbiH  [massaviy]  a 
mass  {attr),  popular. 

Macrep  [mas^t^ir]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  foreman  {in  a  fac- 
tory, etc);  2.  expert;  3.  sport 
master; 

<>  OH  —  Ha  Ece  pyKH  he's  a 
Jack  of  all  trades. 

MaaepcKlan  [mas^t^i^r- 
skaya]  /  -oh,  -hx  workshop, 
studio  {of  an  artist). 

MacTepcTBJo  [mas'^t^i^rstvo] 
n  -a  1.  handicraft,  trade;  2. 
skill,  mastership,  workman- 
ship. 

MacuiTaS  [mAshtap,  -b]  m 
-a,  -OB  scale  {of  a  map,  etc); 
B  wajieHbKOM  ~e  on  a  small 
scale. 

Mar  [mat,  -d]  m  -a  chess 
checkmate,  mate. 

MaiewaTHK  [mat^i*^mat^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  mathematician. 

MarcMaTHKla  [mst^i^mat^i- 
ka]  /  -H  mathematics. 

MarepHaji  [mat^i^r^yal]  m 
-a,  -OB  material. 

MarepHajiHSM  [mst^ir^iA- 
l^'izm]  m  -a  philos  material- 
ism; AHajieKTH4ecKHH  -~  di- 
alectical materialism;  hcto- 
pH^ecKHH  —  historical  mate- 
rialism. 

MaTepHajlHCTHHeCKJHH    [m9- 

t^'ir^iA^is^'t^ich^isk^iy]  a -an, 
-oe,  -He  p/i//os  materialist(ic). 
MaTepHajibHJbiM  [mat^i*^- 
r'^yaPniy]  a  sh  f  MaiepHa- 
JieH,-a,-o,  -bi  material  {1)  val- 


ues, etc;  2)  philos);  ^oe  nojio- 
^enne  financial  position; 
~aH  noMomb  pecuniary  aid. 

MarepHK  [mat^i^r'^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  mainland,    continent. 

MaTepMHCTB|o  [mat^i^r^in- 
stva]  n -a  maternity,  mother- 
hood. 

MarepHsi  [mAt^er^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  1.  philos  substance, 
matter;  2.  cloth,  fabric. 

MaTOBbiH  [mataviy]  a  1. 
dull,  lustreless;  mat  {skin)', 
2.  opaque,  frosted  {glass). 

Marpac  [mAtras,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  mattress. 

Marpoc  [mAtros,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  seaman,  sailor. 

MaTH  [mach^:]  m  -a,  -eS 
sport  match. 

MaTJb  [mat^,  -d^]  /  -epH, 
instr  -epbK),  pi  -epn,  -epefl 
mother  {a  female  parent). 

wax  [makh]  m  -a:  oahhm 
—  OM  col  at  one  stroke. 

Max|aTb  [niAkhat^]  imperf 
Mamy,  Mameiub,  p  -aji,  imp 
MaiiiH,  MaxH|yTb  [mAkhnut^l 
perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
wave  {one's  hand,  handker- 
chief, etc);  wag  {the  tail)', 
flap    {wings); 

<0>  Maxnyrb  KyAa-ji.  col  go 
off  somewhere;  waxnyxb  py- 
KOH  col  give  up  as  hopeless, 
give  up  as  a  bad  job. 

Manexja  [mach^ikha]  /  -h, 
~  stepmother. 

MaHTJa  [mach^ta]  /  -h,  -' 
mast  {on  a  boat). 

MauuH  [mAsht]  see  Maxarb. 

MamiiH|a  [mAshfna]  /  -u, 
~  1.  machine,  mechanism; 
engine;  2.    motor-car;   lorry; 


Mam 


—  202  — 


US  truck;  AaeaH   noeAeM    na 
—e    let's    take   a    car;  let's 
drive  {in  a  car); 
<>  rocyAapcTBCHHafl   ~a  ma- 
chinery of  state. 

MauiHHHCT  [mashin^ist,-zd] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  machinist, 
machine-operator;  2.  engine- 
-driver,  locomotive-driver. 

MaiuHHHCT|Ka  [mashin^ist- 
ke]    /    -KH,  -OK  (girl)  typist. 

MamHH|Ka  [mAshinka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  dim  of  MauiHHa; 
2,:  nHiuyman  —Ka  typewriter; 

---Ka      AJIH        CTpHJKKH      BOJIOC 

clippers. 

MauiHHOCTpoeHH  I  e[m9shina- 
strAyen^iya]  n  -h  engineer- 
ing industry. 

Mauiy  [mAshu],  Mauieuib 
[mashash,  -zh]  see  Maxaib. 

MaslK  [mAyak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  lighthouse;    beacon    {also 

MaflTHHK  [mayat^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  pendulum. 

MFJija  [mgla]  /  -bi  haze, 
mist. 

MrHoeeHHle  [mgnAv^en^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  instant,   moment; 
<>  B  ~e  OKa  col  in  the  twinkl- 
ing of  an  eye. 

MrHOBeHH|biH  [mgnAV^en- 
niy]  a  sh  f  MrHOBeneH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  instantaneous,  im- 
mediate. 

McSeJilb  [m^eb^'il^]  /  -h 
furniture  {in  a  room,  etc). 

MCA  [m^ot,  -d]  m  -a  (-y) 
honey  {made  by  bees). 

MCA...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds pertaining  to  'medi- 
cine: MCAcecipa  [ni^ets'^i^stra] 
(hospital)    nurse,     MCAnyHKT 


[m^etpunkt,  -gd]  dispensary; 
aid  post. 

MeAajijb  [m^'i^dal^]  /  -h, 
-efl  medal; 

<>      oSopOTHaSI      CTOpOHa      ~H 

the  reverse  side  of  the  med- 
al. 

MeABCAJb  [m^i^d'^v^et^,  -d*'] 
m  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  bear  {an 
animal). 

MeAHUHHJa  [m^'id^'itji'na]  / 
-bi  medicine  {a  science). 

MeAHU.MHCK[MH  [m^id^itjfn- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  medi- 
cal. 

MeAJieHHJbiH  [m^'ed^l^mniy] 
a  sh  f  MeAJieH  (MeAJieneH), 
-a,  -0,  -bi  slow  {horse,  jour- 
ney,  worker,  poison,  march, 
etc). 

MeAH|biH  [m^edniy]  a  cop' 
per  {attr),  coppery; 
<>  —biH  BCK  the  Brazen  Age. 

MCAJb  [m^et^,  -d^]  /  -H  1. 
copper  {a  metal);  2.  col  cop- 
per coins. 

Me«...  =  MeHiAy... 

MejKAOMeTHJe  [m^izhdAm^e- 
t^iya]  n  -h,  -h  ling  interjec- 
tion. 

MCjKAy  [m'^ezhdu]  prep  with 
instr  {sometimes  gen)  corre- 
sponding  to  the  English  'be- 
tween' and  'among'; 
<0  ~  TCM  meanwhile,  in  the 
meantime;  a  --  tcm  never- 
theless; ~  TeM  KaK  while; 
whereas;  ~  npoHHM  1)  in 
passing  {say  smth,  etc)  2)  by 
the  way,  by  the  by;  ~  Ae- 
jiOM  at  odd  moments. 

Me/KAy...  fifst  element  of 
compounds  denoting  position, 
location  between  smth  or  rela- 


—  203  — 


Men 


tions  between,  among  smth, 
smh:  MejKAyBeAOMCTBeHHbiH 
[m^izh  duv^'eda  ms^t^v^in  niy] 
interdepartmental;  Me}K6H- 
6jiH0TeHHbiH  [m^ezhb^ibPiA- 
t^ech^'nty]  inter-library(fl//r); 
Me>KAypHflbe  [m^izhdur^a- 
d^ya]  agric  space  between 
rows. 

Me^AynapOAHbiH  [m^izhdu- 
HAFodniy]  a  international. 

MeKCHKaH|eu  [m^iks^'ikd- 
n^its,  -dz]  m  -ua,  -ueB  Mexi- 
can. 

MeKCHKaHCKlHft  [m^iks^i- 
kansk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
Mexican. 

MCji  [m^el]  m  -a  (-y)  chalk 
{1}  chem;  2)  for  writing); 
whitening. 

MCJi  [m^ol],  Mejia  [m^i^la] 
see  MecTH. 

Mejie|Tb  [m^i^l^et^]  imperf 
-ex,  o6:MejieTb  [Abm^'i'^Pet^] 
perf  shallow,  become  shallow. 
MejiM  [m^i^Pi]  see  MOJioxb. 
MejiKJHH  [m^elk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  mcjiok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  small  {in  size,  value, 
etc);  ~HH  necoK  fine  sand; 
2.  econ  petty,  small,  small- 
-scale;  --hh  c66cTBeHHHK 
small  owner;  3.  minor,  insig- 
nificant; 4.  //g- petty,  narrow- 
-minded,  mean;  5.  shallow 
{river,  pond,  etc);  ^an  ra- 
pejiKa  flat  plate,  dinner-plate; 
<>  —lie  flCHbrH  small  change 
{money). 

mcjioahIji  [m^i^lod^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  melody,  tune. 

MCJioiHlbiH  [m'elach^niy] 
a  sh  f  MejioHCH,  -a  -o,  -bi 
petty,  small-minded,    mean. 


MCJioHlb  [m^elach^,  -j^]  / 
-H,  -efi  1.  small  /  miscella- 
neous things  /  articles;  2. 
small  change  {money);  3.  tri- 
fle, trivial  thing-. 

MCJijb  [m^el'']  /  -H,  -eft 
shoal,  shallow;  bank  {in  the 
sea);  cecxb  na  ~b  run 
aground,  na  ^u  aground 
[also  see  <>]; 

<0>  Ha  ~H  in  low  water,    on 
the  rocks. 

MejibKJaTb  [m^i^l^kat^]  im- 
perf -aex,  MCjibKHlyxb* 
[m^i^Pknut^]  perf  -ex,  p  -yji 
1.  flash;  be  seen  for  an 
instant,  appear  for  a  mo- 
ment; 2.  fig:  y  Hero  —nyjia 
Mbicjib  an  idea  flashed  across 
his  mind. 

MCjibKOM  [m^el^'kam]  adv 
in  passing;  cursorily;  ysH- 
Aexb  ~  catch  a  glimpse; 
BsrjiHHyxb  '-  give  a  cursory 
look. 

MCjibHHK  [m^ePn^'ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  miller  {a  flour  mill 
operator  or  owner). 

MCjibHHula  [m^ePn^itsa]  f 
-bi,  ^  1.  flour  mill;  2.  coffee- 
-mill. 

MCJibHC  [m^el^ch^i]  comp  o/ 
MejiKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

MCjiK)  [m^i^l^u],  MCjieuib 
[m^ePish,  -zh]  see  MOJioxb. 

MCHce  [m^en^iya]  adv  used 
to  form  comp  less;  ~  KpacH- 
BbiH  less  beautiful; 
<>  TCM  He  ~  nevertheless. 

MCHbuie  [m^en^shi^]  I  comp 
of  MajibiH  &  MajieHbKHH; 
II  comp  of  Majio; 
<>  ~  Bcero  least  of  all. 

MeHbuiJHH  [m^en^shiy]  -aa, 


—  204  — 


-ee,  -He  1  comp  of  Majibift  & 
MajieHbKHH; 

II  superl  o/MajibiH  &  MajieHb- 
KHH; 

-<0>  no  --eM  Mepe  at  least; 
caMoe  -~ee  not  less  than. 

MCHbuiKHCTBlo  [m^in^sliin- 
stvo]  n  -a,  pi  MeHbiuHHCTBa, 

MeHblUHHCTB,      MeHblllHHCTBaM 

minority; 

•^  HauHOHajibHoe  --'O  nation- 
al minority. 

MCHK)  [m^i^n^u]  n  indecl 
bill  of  fare,  menu. 

MeHfl  [m'^i^n^a]  gen  8c  ace 
of  H. 

MeHlflTb  [m^i^n^at^^]  imperf 
-HK),  -Heiiib,  noiMeHHTb  [pa- 
m^i^n^at^]  perf  1.  change 
\l)  clothes;  2)  money);  2.  ex- 
change {gifts,  stamps,  etc); 
3.  (no  perf)  change,  alter 
(one's  opinion,  etc). 

MeHlflTbCJi[m^i^n^attj9]  im- 
perf -Hiocb,  -neiiibCH,  noiMe- 
HHTbCH  [p9m''i^n^attS9]    perf 

1.  {no  perf)  change  {become 
different);  2.  exchange. 

Mepja  [m^era]  /  -bi,  —  1. 
measure  {standard);  ^u  }\Jiu- 
Hbi  linear  measures;  ~bi  no- 
sepxHocTH  square    measures; 

2.  measure,  step;  npHHHTb 
cpoqHbie  ~bi  take  prompt 
action;  npHHHTb  HaAJieH^amHe 
'-bi  take  proper  measures; 
take  adequate  measures; 

^  Bbicmasi  ~a  HaKasaHnn 
capital  punishment;  ceepx 
'-hi  to  excess;  b  -— y  within 
reasonable  limits;  no  ~e  roro 
KaK  as  (while);  no  ~e  chji 
as  far  as  possible. 
Mep3KiHM     [m^'ersk^iyl     a 


-aH,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  MepaoK, 
-a,  -o,  -H  1.  vile,  disgusting, 
loathsome;  2.  co/ nasty  (very 
unpleasant). 

Mep3|HyTb  [m^orznut'']  im- 
perf -Hy,  -Heuib,  p  —,  -;ia, 
imp  -HH  freeze,  feel  cold. 

MepHAHan  [m^ir^id^ian]  m 
-a,  -OB  gecg  meridian. 

Mep|HTb  [m^^r^'it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1. 
measure,  get  /  take  measure- 
ment; 2.  try  on  (a  dress ,  etc); 

<>    ~HTb    Ha   CBOH    apUIMH  Col 

=  measure  others'  corn  by 
one's  own  bushel. 

Mep|Ka  [m^erk9]  /  -kh,  -ok 
1.  measure,  measurement; 
CHHTb  ~Ky  c  Koro-Ji.  take 
smb's  measurements;  2.  in- 
strument for  measuring  (a 
measuring  rod,  yardstick,  etc); 
3.  fig  yardstick. 

MeponpHflTHle[m^ir9pr^iya- 
t^iy9]  n  -H,  -H  measure, 
undertaking. 

MepTBlbiH  [m^ortvty]  a  sh 
f  ~,  MepTBa,  -o  (MepTBo), 
-bi  (MepTBbi)  1.  dead;  2.  fig 
dead;   lifeless; 

<>  --a.a  nexjifli  av  loop;  ~aji 
XBaxKa  mortal  grip;  hh  )khb 
HH  ~  col  more  dead  than 
alive. 

Mepulaxb  [m'i^rtjat^]  im- 
perf -aer  twinkle,  flicker, 
shimmer,  glimmer. 

Mec|HTb  [m^i^s^it^l  imperf 
Memy,  Mecnmb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-h  knead  (dough,   clay,    etc). 

iwecTH     [m^'i^s'^t^i]     imoerf 
MCTy,  Mexeuib,   p  mcji,  Me;ia 
imp  MeiH    1.    sweep    (with  a 
broom)\  2.  impers  snow  hard. 


205  — 


MCT 


MecTKOM  [m'^i^stkom]  m  -a, 

-OB        (=MeCTHbIH  KOMHXeT 

npo4)co{b3HOH     opraHHsauHH) 
local  trade-union  committee. 

MecTHOCT|b  [m^esnas^t^, 
-z^d'']  /  -H,  -eft  1.  country 
{wooded,  open,  etc);  6o;i6th- 
CTan  ~b  marshland;  2.  local- 
ity, district,  neighbourhood; 
;;a4HaH  —b  country  place. 

MecTHJbiH  [m^'esnty]  a  lo- 
cal; —  biH  >KHTejib  native; 
'-oe  caMoynpaBJieHHe  local 
government. 

MecT[o  [m^esta]  n  -a,  pi 
Mecxa,  —,  -aM  1.  place,  spot, 
locality;  '— o  HasHaneHHH  des- 
tination; —o  p0H<AeHHH 
birth-place;  — o  ctchhkh  Ma- 
iiiHH  parking  place;  2.  seat 
{in  a  theatre,  at  the  table,  etc); 
berth  {on  a  train,  ship);  3. 
space,  room;  4.  post,  posi- 
tion, office,  situation;  6e3 
'-a  out  of  work;  5.  place, 
passage  {in  a  book,  maga- 
zine, etc);  6.  standing,  place 
{in  society,  history,  sports, 
etc);  7.  piece  of  luggage; 
<>  Ha  BauiCM  --e  if  I  were 
you;  K  —y  pertinent,  apt; 
He  K  --y  out  of  place;  He 
HaxoAHTb  ce6e  ^a  ^  eat 
one's  heart  out;  sacTaxb  /  sa- 
CTHHb  /  noHMarb  Ha  ^e  npe- 
cxynjieHHa  catch  red-handed, 
catch  in  the  act. 

MecxoiKMxejibcxBlo  [m^esta- 
zhit^iPstva]  n  -a,  —  (place 
of)  residence,  domicile. 

MecxoHMeHH|e  [m^istoim^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  ling  pronoun; 
:303BpaxHoe  ~e  reflexive  pro- 
iioun;    npHXHJKaxejibHoe    -— e 


possessive  pronoun;  yiosa- 
xeJibHoe  ~e  demonstrative 
pronoun;  onpeAejiHxejibHoe 
— e  defining  pronoun. 

MecxonojiomeHHJe  [m^esta- 
palAzhen^iya]  n  -h  position, 
location,  situation. 

Mecxonpe6biBaHH|e  [m^esta- 
pr'^ibtvan'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  resi- 
dence, dwelling-place  {per- 
manent or  temporary);  ~-e  npa- 
BHxejibCxea  seat  of  govern- 
ment. 

MecxopoiKAeHHle  [m^istarA- 
zhd'^en'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  geol  de- 
posit, layer. 

Mecx|b  [m^es^t^,  -z^d^J  / 
-H  vengeance,  revenge. 

Mecni;  [m^es^atj,  -dz]  m  -a, 
-CB  1.  month;  2.  moon; 
<>  MeflOBbiw    -~    honeymoon. 

MecflHHbiH  [m^es^ach^'nty] 
a  monthly. 

Mexajiji  [m^i^tal]  m-a,  -ob 
metal. 

MexajiJiHHecKlHH  [m^itAPi- 
ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
metal  {attr);  metallic. 

MexajiJiyprMHecK|HH  [m^ita- 
lurg^ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  metallurgical. 

Mex|axb  [m'^i^tat^l  imperf 
Meuy,  Meqeuib,  p  -aji,  imp 
MeMH,  MexHJyxb  [m^i^tnut^] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
1.  sport  throw,  fling,  cast; 
—  aXb  AHCK  [KOHbe,  mojiox] 
throw  the  discus  [javelin, 
hammer];  2.  {no  perf):  —axb 
HKpy  spawn; 
<>  -^axb    wpeSHH    cast   lots. 

Mcxejilb  [m^i^t^'el*']  /  -h, 
-eft  snow-storm. 

MexeopoJiorM4ecK|MH     [m^i- 


Met 


206  — 


t^iAralAg^ich''isk''iy]    a    -an 
-oe,  -He  meteorological. 

MeTeopoji6rH|H  [m^it^iAFA- 
log^iya]  f  -h  meteorology. 

MCTH  [m^i^t^i]    see    MecTH. 

MeT|HTb  I  [m^et^it^]  im- 
perf  Mewy,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  noiMeTHTb  [pAm^et^it''] 
perf  mark  {a  page,  linen,  etc). 

McrlHTb  II  [m^et^it^]  im- 
perf  Me^iy,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  1.  aim  [a  weapon,  blow, 
etc);  2.  fig  aspire  {to  a  post). 

McrlKa  [m^etka]/  -kh,  -ok 
mark,  sign. 

mctkIhh  [m^etk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  mctok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  well-aimed  (blow,  etc); 
accurate  (fire);  ~hh  cxpeJioK 
good  marksman;  ~Hn  rjias 
keen  eye;  2.  fig  neat,  point- 
ed, apt  {remark,  etc). 

MCTJila  [m^i^tla]  /  -b'l,  pi 
MCTJibi,  Mexeji,  MexjiaM  broom. 

MCTHyTb  see  Mexaxb  1. 

Meioji  [m^'etat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  method. 

MCTp  [m^etr]  m  -a, 
-OB  metre;  KBaApaTHbift  -^ 
square  metre;  Ky6HtiecKHH 
---  cubic  metre. 

MeTpHKJa  [m^etr^ika]  / -h, 
"^  birth-certificate. 

iwexpo  [m^i^tro]  n  indecl 
the  underground,  metro; 
exaxb  Ha  /  B  ^  go  by  the 
underground;  travel  by  the 
underground. 

••  Mcry      [m^'i^tu],      Mereuib 
[m^i^t^osh,  -zh]  see  MecxH. 

Mcx  [m^ekh, -gh]m -a  (-y), 
pi  -a,  -OB  1.  fur;  2.  furriery; 
furs  {garments,  neck-pieces, 
etc);  3.  wineskin;  water-skin. 


MexaHH3ai;Hl5i  [m^ikhan^i- 
zatjiya]  /  -h  mechaniza- 
tion. 

MexaHHSM  [m^ikhAn^izm]  m 
-a,  -OB  mechanism  (a/so //g^); 
machinery,  gear(ing);  works 
{of  a  clock);  MacoBofl  ~  clock- 
-work;  nepeAaxoMHbift  -^ 
transmission  gear. 

McxaHHK  [m^'i^khan^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  mechanical  engi- 
neer, mechanic. 

MexaHHKJa  [m^i^khan^ika] 
/  -H  mechanics;  npHKJiaA- 
nan  —a  applied    mechanics. 

MexaHMHecKJHH  [m^ikhAn^i- 
ch^isk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  1. 
mechanical,  power-driven; 
~oe  c6opyAOBaHHe  machin- 
ery; 2.  fig  mechanical,  ma- 
chinelike. 

McxoBOM  [m^ikhAvoy]  a  fur 
{attr). 

MCHH  [m^i^ch^i]  see  Mexaxb. 

MCHxja  [m^i^ch^ta]  /  -bi 
dream;  day-dream,  fancy. 

MeHx|axb  [m^i^ch^tat^] /m- 
perf  -aK),  -aeuib  dream,  day- 
-dream. 

Meny    I    [m^ech^u]  see  Me- 

XHXb    I. 

Meny  II  [m^ech^u]  see  Me- 
XHXb   II. 

MCHy  [m^i^ch^u],  Meneuib 
[m^ech^ish,  -zh]  see  Me- 
xaxb. 

Meiujaxb  I  [m^'i^shat^]  im- 
perj  -aio,  -aeuib,  nolMeiuarb 
[pam^i^shat*"]  perf  prevent, 
hinder,  hamper;  obstruct, 
bar;  ecjiH  nnqxo  He  noMemaex 
if  nothing  interferes; 
<>  He  —ajio  6bi  it  would  be 
advisable. 


—  207  — 


MHM 


Mem|aTb  II  [m^i^shat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noiivie- 
uiaxb  [p9m^i*^shat^]  perf, 
ciMemaxb  [s^m^i^shat^]  perf 
\.  (noMemaxb)  stir  [coffee, 
etc,  with  a  spoon);  2.  (cMe- 
maib)  mix  (up),  mingle, 
blend;  3.  (cMeuiaxb)  col  con- 
found, mistake  {one  for  an- 
other). 

MeiujoK  [m^'i^shok,  -gl  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1.  bag;  sack;  Be- 
meBOH  ~6k  rucksack,  knap- 
sack; 2.  sack(ful)  (o/po/ato<?s, 
etc); 

<0>  cnajibHbiH  ~6k  sleep ing- 
-bag;  —KM  noji  rjiasaMH  bags 
under  the  eyes. 

Mcuiy    [m^i^shu]     see    ue- 

CHTb. 

Mem,aHCK|HH  [m^i^sh^:an- 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1. 
petty  bourgeois  {attr)\  2.  fig 
Philistine  (attr),  narrow- 
-minded,  vulgar. 

MHr  [m'^ik,  -g]  tn  -a  mo- 
ment, instant; 

<>  B  OAHH  —  in  a  flash,  in 
a  jiffy. 

MHrjaxb  [m^igat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  MHrH|yTb  [m^ig- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -eujb,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  blink;  —-yxb  ko- 
My-Ji.  wink  at  smb;  2.  twin- 
kle, flicker. 

MwroM  [m^igam]  adv  col  in 
a  flash,  in  a   jiffy. 

MM3MH|ei;  [m^'iz^in^itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -uee  little  finger;  lit- 
tle toe. 

MHKpo...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting  small- 
ness,  minuteness:  MHKpoa.Mnep 
[m^ikraAmp^er]microampere; 


MHKpo6HOJi6rHH  [m^'ikrab^'iA- 
log^iya]  microbiology. 

MMKp66  [m^ikrop,  -b]  m  -a, 
-OB    microbe. 

MHJiHxapH3M  [m^il^itA- 

r^izm]  m  -a   militarism. 

MHJiHUHOKep  [m^il^'itjiA- 
n'^er]  m  -a,  -ob  militiaman 
[cf  mhjihuhh]. 

MHJiHUH'ifl  [m^il^'itslya]  /  -h, 
-H  militia  {a  governmental 
body  in  the  USSR  responsible 
for  maintaining  public  order). 

MHJiJiHapfl  [m^il^iart,  -d] 
nam  card  -a,  -ob  milliard- 
's billion. 

MHJiJiHMexp  [m^il^im^etr]  m 
-a,  -OB  millimetre. 

MHJiJiHOH  [m^il^ion]  nam 
card  -a,    ob  million. 

MHjiocxlb  [m'^Ilas'^t^,  -z^'d^] 
/  -H,  -CH  1.  favour,  grace; 
2.  mercy,  clemency;  charity; 
H3  ~-H  out  of  charity; 
<>  ~H  npocHM!  welcome!; 
cKaHiHxe  Ha  — b  col  you  don't 
say;  cAeJiafixe  — -b  be  so 
kind. 

MHJi|biH  [m^iUy]  I  a  sh  f 
^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  (-bi)  1.  nice, 
sweet,  2,  dear,  darling; 
1 1  as  a  noun  m  h  ji  |  bi  h  m 
-oro,  -bix  sweetheart,  darling, 
lover. 

MMjija  [m'^il^a]  /  -h,  -b 
mile. 

MHMO  [m^'ima]  adv  &  prep 
with  gen  past,  by;  nonacxb 
—  miss  (one's  aim);  ~  uejiH 
beside  the  mark,  wide  of  the 
mark; 

<0>-  nponycxHXb  ~  yuieri  pay 
no  attention  to,  take  no  heed 
of,  give  no  ear   to. 


208  — 


MHMOXOAOM  [m'^imAkhodam] 
adv  1.  in  passing  (by);  by  the 
way;  2.  in  passing  {say  smth, 
etc). 

MMMJa  1  [m^ina]  /  -bi,  ~ 
mil,  naut  mine. 

MHHla  II  [m^ina]  /  -bi,  ~ 
countenance,  expression;  c^e- 
jiaTb  KHCjiyK)  ~y  col  pull  a 
wry  face; 

<>  Aejiaxb  xopomyK)  ~y  npH 
njioxoH  Hrpe  put  a  good  face 
on  the  matter. 

MMHAajilb  [m^indaP]  m  -h 
almond;  almond-tree. 

MMHCpaji  [m^in'^i^ral]  m  -a, 
-OB  mineral  {an  inorganic  sub- 
siance). 

MHHepajibHbiH  [m^in^i^ral^- 
nty]  a  mineral  {attr). 

MHHHMajibH|biH  [m^ln^i- 
mal^niy]  a  sh  f  MHHHMajieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  minimum  {attr). 

MHHHCTepcTBlo  [m^'in^is^- 
t^erstva]  n  -a,  ^^  ministry, 
board  {a  branch  of  govern- 
ment); US  department;    Mh- 

HHCiepCTBO    HHOCTpaHHblX  A^JI 

Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs; 
MHHHCTepCTBO  4)HHaHC0B  Min- 
istry of  Finance;  MHHHCTep- 
CTBO  BHyipeHHHx  AeJi  Minis- 
try of  Internal  Affairs;  Mh- 
HHcrepcTBO  couHajibHoro  o6e- 
cne«ieHHH  Ministry  of  Social 
Maintenance. 

MHHHCTp  [m'^in^istr]  m    -a, 
-OB  Minister    {head    of    some 
department  of  state); 
<>  --  6e3  nopT^ejifl  Minister 
without  portfolio. 

MHH|oBaTb  [m'^inAvat*'] 
perf  -yio,  -ycmb,  p  -OBaji, 
imp    -yti    1.  go   past,   pass, 


leave  behind  {a  place,  town, 
etc);  imperf  also  be  in  the 
act  of  passing  /  going  through 
(a  place,  town,  etc);  2.  {with 
neg)  escape  {danger,  death, 
etc);  3.  be  over,  be  past; 
3HMa  —oBajia  winter  is  over; 
<>  —yji  noAp66HOCTH  omit- 
ting details. 

MMHOMCT  [m^'inAm^'ot,  -d]  m 
-a, -OB  (trench)  mortar. 

MHHOHOcleu  [m^'inAnos^'itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ucB  naut  torpe- 
do-boat; scKaApeuHbiH  ~eu 
destroyer. 

MHHyc  [m^inus,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  math,  electr  minus; 
2.   drawback,  shortcoming. 

MMHyTJa  [m^'inuta]  /  -bi,  -^ 
minute; 

<>  B  ojiHy  ~y  in  no  time,  in 
an  instant;  c  ~bi  Ha  — y  ev- 
ery minute;  '-as  ~y  to  a 
minute. 


MHp    I    [m^ir] 


(-y), 


pi  -hi,  -OB  world,  universe; 
globe,  earth;  bo  bccm  ~eall 
over  the  world;  -~  ^kubothux 
animal  world;  ~  pacxeHHH 
vegetable  kingdom; 
<>  He  OT  '-a  cero  col  un- 
worldly. 

MHp  II  [m^'ir]  m  -a  peace 
{!)  freedom  from  war  or  civil 
disorder;  2)  a  treaty  to  end 
war);  ohjiot  --a  stronghold 
of  peace;  aaKjiioMHTb  —  make 
peace. 

MHplHTb  [m^'ir^it^]  imperf 
-lb,  -HUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H, 
noJMHpHTb  [pam^ir^'it'']  per^ 
reconcile,  restore  peace. 

MHplHTbcji  [m^'ir'^ittso]  im- 
perf  -ibCb,    -HUIbCH,    p   -HJlCa, 


—  209  — 


MHO 


-lijiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb, 
noJMHpHTbCfl  [p9m^ir*'itts9] 
perf,  npH';MHpHTbC5i  [pr^im^i- 
r^'ittsa]  perf  1.  make  it  up 
{with,  smb),  be  reconciled 
(with  smb);  2.  (npHMMpHTbcn) 
reconcile  oneself  {to  smth); 
put  up  {with  smth);  ~HTbCH 
c  cosAaBiUHMCH  nojio»:eHHeM 
accept  the  situation;  c  9Thm 
HejibSH  --HTbCH  it  cannot  be 
tolerated. 

MHpHJbiH  [m^irnty]  a  sh  f 
MHpeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  peace 
{attr),  peaceful;  ~oe  ypery- 
jiHpOBaHHe  peaceful  settle- 
ment; -^-oe  cocymecTBOBa- 
HHe  peaceful  coexistence;  2. 
peaceful,  peaceable;  tranquil, 
placid. 

MHpoB033peHHle  [m^'irsvA- 
zr^en^iya]  n  -h,  -h  world 
outlook;  ideology  {doctrines, 
opinions,    way   of    thinking); 

MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKOe        ~e 

the  Marxist-Leninist  outlook. 

MHpoBOH  [m^irAVoy]  a 
world  {attr). 

MHpojiK)6HBlbiH  [m^iral^u- 
b^ivty]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
peaceable,  peace-loving. 

MHc|Ka  [m^iska]  /  -kh,  -ok 
basin  {a  kind  of  bowl);  (soup) 
tureen. 

mhcch|si  [m^is^iya]  /  -h, 
-H  1.  mission  {a  special  task, 
work);  2.  dipt  mission,  lega- 
tion. 

MMTHHr  [m^it^'ink,  -g]  m 
-a,  -oB  (mass)  meeting,  rally. 

MHUjeH|b  [m^ishen'']  /  -h, 
-eft  target  {also  fig). 

MjiaflCHleu  [mlAd^en^'itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ueB  baby,  infant. 


MJianuiiHH  [mlatshiy]  a 
-an,  -ee,  -He  1.  younger; 
the  youngest;  2.  junior  {of 
lower  position,  rank,  or  stand- 
ing). 

MHC  [mn^'e]  dat  &  pr  of  h, 

MHeHH|e  [mn'^en^iya]  n  -h, 
-ft  opinion,  judgement,  esti- 
mation; o6iuecTBeHHoe  ~e 
public  opinion;  6biTb  o  cede 
BbicoKoro  —H  think  highly  / 
too  much  of  oneself;  no  mo- 
eMy  ~K)  in  my  opinion. 

MHH  [mn^i]  see  MHXb. 

MHMTejibH|biH  [mn^it^il^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  MHHiejieH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  overanxious  about  one's 
health. 

MH6r|He    [mnog^iya]    I     a 
pi    many;    bo    ~hx   oxHOuie- 
HHHx  in  many  respects; 
II  as  a  noun  m  h  6  r  |  h  e    pi 
-Hx  many  (people). 

MHoro  [mnoga]  I  adv  1. 
much,  a  lot,  a  great  deal; 
2.  (with  comp)  much; 
II  as  a  num  many,  plenty 
of,  a  lot  of;  much; 
<>  HH  ~  HH  Majio  no  less 
than. 

MHoro66pb  I  e  [mnagAbor^'ya] 
n  -H  sport  combined  compe- 
tition. 

MHoro3HaHHTejibH|biH  [mna- 
gaznAch^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f 
MHorosHaHHTejieH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
significant  {look,  etc);  mean- 
ingful. 

MHorojieTHHH  [mnagAl^et^- 
n^iy]  a  1.  of  many  years; 
■~  TpyA  many  years'  work; 
2,  bot  perennial. 

MHoroceMeHH|b!H  [mnaga- 
s^i^m^eyniy]  a  ^h  f  MHoroce- 


MHO 


—  210  - 


MeeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  having  a 
large  family. 

MHorocTOp6HH|iiH  [mnaga- 
stAFon'Ti^iy]  a  sh  f  Mnoro- 
CTopoHeH,  -H,  -e,  -H  1.  math 
polygonal,  multilateral;  2. 
multilateral  {treaty,  etc);  3. 
many-sided,  versatile. 

MHoroMHCJieHH|biH  [mn9- 
gAch'*is^l''mnty]  a  sh  f  mho- 
roMHCJieH,  -a  -o,  -bi  numer- 
ous. 

MH6)KecTB|o  [mnozhastva] 
n  -a  great  number  {of),  great 
deal  {of),  lots  (o/);  68Cko- 
HeHHoe  ---o  infinite  number 
{of). 

MH6)K[HTb  [mnozhtt^]  im- 
perf  -y,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  noJMHo^HTb  [pAmnozhU''] 
perf,  yJMHOJKHTb  [umnozhit*'] 
perf  1.  math  multiply;  2. 
(yMH6>KHTb)  increase,  mul- 
tiply, augment. 

MHOH  [mnoy],  mhok) 
[mnoyu]  instr  of  h. 

MHy  [mnu],  MHeujb[mn^osh, 
-zh]  see  unih. 

MHycb  [mnus**  -z''],  MHeuib- 
cji    [mn^oshs'^a]    see   MHibcn. 

M06HJiH3auH|fl  [mab'^il'^i- 
z^tjtya]  /  -H  mobilization 
{also  fig). 

Mo6HjiH3loBdTb  [m9b'*il''i- 
ZAVat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yfl 
mobilize  {forces,  means,  etc). 
^  Mor  [mok,  -g],  Morjia  [niAg- 
la]  see  Moqb. 

MorMJi|a  [mAg^ib]  /  -bi,  ^ 
grave,  tomb. 

Mory  [mAgu],  M6)Kemb 
[mozhas'i,  -zh]  see  MOMb. 

MoryH|HH     [mAguch^'iy]     a 


-an,  -ee,  -He,  sh  f  — -,  -a,  -e, 
-H  powerful,  mighty. 

Moryiii,ccTB|o  [mAgush^^.i- 
stva]  n  -a  power,  might. 

MOflja  [moda]  /  -bi,~  fash- 
ion, vogue, 

MOfleji|b  [mAdel^]  /  -h,  -eft 

1.  model    {of   a    ship,    etc); 

2.  pattern,  model;  3.  style, 
model. 

Moe  [mAyo]  pron  n  Moero, 
MoeM-y,   ~,  MOHM     (o)  -M    see 

MOH. 

Moero  [mayi^vo]  gen  &  ace 
of    MOH,    gen    of      MOe;     see 

MOH. 

Moeft  [mAyey]  gen  dat, 
instr  &  pr  of  moji;    see   moh. 

MoeiM  [mAyom]  pr  of   moh. 

MoeMy  [mayi^mu]  dai  of 
MOH  &  Moe;  see  moh. 

MoeK)  [mAyeyu]  instr  of 
moh;  see  moh. 

MOJKHO  [mozhna]  impers 
predic  one  can;  it  is  pos- 
sible; one  may;  sto  —  cj^e- 
jiaTb  one  can  do  it,  it  can 
be  done;  sAecb  ~  KypHib 
one  may  smoke  here;  smok- 
ing is  allowed  here,  ecjiH  ^ 
if  (it  is)  possible;  KaK  -' 
66jihiuQ  as  much  as  possible; 
as  many  as  possible;  KaK  -' 
CKopee  as  soon  as  possible; 
•~-  BOHTH?  may  I  [we]  come 
in?; 

<>  KaK  ~!  col  it's  out  of 
the  question! 

M03r  [mosk,  -zg]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -H,  -OB  brain;  kocthmh  ^ 
marrow  {of  the  bones); 
<0>  AG  ~a  KocTeM  col  to  the 
bone;  uieBCJiHTb  —awH  col 
=  use  one's  brains. 


211  — 


MOJl 


M036jl|b  [mAzol^]  /  -H.  pi 
-H  -eft  corn,  callus,  callos- 
ity. 

MOH  [mAi]  pron  pi  -x,  -m, 
'-'  (-x),  -MH,  (o)  -X  see    moh. 

MOMM  [mAim]  Instr  of  moh 
&  Moe;  see  moh. 

Moii  I  [moy]  I  pron  poss 
corresp  to  ^  m  Moero,  MoeMy, 

^    (MOero),      MOHM,     (o)    MOeM, 

Moa  /,    Moe   n,    mom   pi   my; 

mine; 

II  as  a  noun   moh  pi  -x  my 

p&o^\%  Xrelatives). 

moh  II  [moy]  see  mmtb. 

MOHCfl  [moys^a],  MOHxecb 
[moyt^is^,    -1^]    see    Mbixbcq. 

MOKHlyxb  [moknuf'J  im- 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  mok  (-yji), 
MOKJia,  imp  -H  become  wet; 
soak  {remain  in  liquid);  -^-yxb 
noA  AO>KAeM  be  out  in  the 
rain. 

MOKpoTJa  [mAkrota]  /  -bi 
phlegm  {mucus). 

MOKplbiH  [mokrty]  a  sh  f 
'— ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  wet,  soggy; 

<>     — bIM     flO     HMTKH     wet      to 

the  skin;  y  nee  rjiasa  Ha 
--0M  Mecxe  col  =  she  is  a 
cry-baby;  she  is  close  to 
tears. 

MO.JI  [mol]  m  -a,  -ob  pier, 
breakwater. 

MOjiBJa  [mAlva]  /  -bi  1.  ru- 
mour, general  talk;  HAet  —a 
it  is  rumoured  that;  2.  fame 
{reputation). 

MOJiAaeaHlHH  [maldAva- 
n^in]  m  -Hna,  —  Moldavian. 

MOjiflaBCKJHH  [mAldafsk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Moldavian. 

m6jihh|s!  [moln^iya]  /  -h, 
-H   I.  lightning;  2.  col  light- 


ning-cable; 3.  special  issue 
(<)/  a  newspaper);  4.  zipper, 
slide  fastener. 

MOJioAe)K|b  [malAd^osh,  -zh] 
/  -H  youth,   young  people. 

MOJioA|eTb  [malAd^et^]  im- 
perf  -eK),  -eeiub,  noJMOjiG- 
flexb  [pamaUd^et'']  perf  look 
younger,  feel  rejuvenated  / 
younger;  grow  young   again. 

MOJiOAlei;  [maUd^etj,  -4z] 
m  -ua,  -uoB  brick,  fine  fel- 
low/lad; fine  girl;  BecTH 
ce6H  ~u,6m  behave  magnifi- 
cently; ~eu!  col  well  done!, 
good  for  you  [him,  etc]\ 

mojioaIoh  [mslAdoy]  a  sh  f 
MojiOA,  -a,  mojioao,  mojioau 
1.  young  {of  age);  2.  new 
{potatoes,  wine,  etc). 

MOJiOAOcxlb  [mobdas^t^, 
-z^d^]  /  -H  youth,  young  age; 
<>  He  nepBOH  ~h  not  in 
one's  first  youth. 

Mojiome    [mAlozhi^]     comp 

of    MOJIOAOH. 

Mo.riOK|6  [maUko]  n  -a 
milk. 

MOJiox  [molat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  hammer  (/)  a  machine 
for  beating,  breaking,  etc;  2) 
^port);  napOBOH  ~  steam- 
-hammer. 

MOJioxHJiJKa  [malAt^ilka]  f 
-KH,    -OK    threshing-machine. 

MOJIOX  I  Hxb  [malAt^it^]  im- 
perf  MOJio^iy,  MOJioxHuib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  thresh. 

mgjiox|6k  [m3lAt6k,  -g}  m. 
-Ka,  -KOB  hammer  {for  driv- 
ing^ in  nails,  etc);  mallet; 
gavel. 

MOJiolxb  [mAlot^]  imperf 
MeAK),    MCJieuib,    p    -A,    imp 


MOJI 


—  212  — 


MejiH,     cjMOjioTb      [smAlot^] 
perf  grind,  mill; 
<>  ~Tb  B3A0p  col  talk    non- 
sense. 

Moji6HH|biH  [mAl6ch''nfy]  a 
1.  milk  {attr),  dairy;  2.  milch 
{cow). 

M0jiHajiH3|biH  [malch^'i^l*'!- 
viy]    a   sh   f    ~,    -a,  -o,   -u 

1.  taciturn,  reticent;  2.  tacit, 
unspoken,  silent. 

MOJiHaHH|e  [mAlch^'an^'iya] 
n  -H  silence  {not  talking, 
etc);  xpaHHTb  —e  keep  si- 
lence; 

^O'  060HTH  '-CM  pass  over  in 
silence. 

MOJiM|aTb  [mAlch^'at^]  im- 
perf  -y,  -Huib,  p  -aji,  imp 
-H  keep  silent  /  silence,  be 
silent. 

MOJI  I  b  [moP]  /  -H,  -eft 
(clothes-)moth;  Hs-beAeHHbm 
~bK)  moth-eaten. 

MOMCHT  [mAm^'ent,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB    1.  moment,     instant; 

2.  feature,  peculiarity;  point 
(m  a  report,  etc);  sto  HHie- 
pecHbiH  ~  that  is  an  inter- 
esting point; 

<*  xeKymHH  —  the  present 
situation. 


MOMeHrajibHO 


mam^rn- 


t^l^na]  adv  instantly,  on  the 
spot,  immediately. 

MOHapxHJfl  [mAnar^kh^'iya] 
/  -H,  -fl  monarchy. 

MOHFOJi  [mAngol]  m  -a, 
-OB  Mongolian. 

M0Hr6;ibCK|HH  [mAngol**- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Mon- 
golian., 

MOHeT|a   [mAH^eta]   /    -bi, 

~  coin; 


<>     npHHRTb      HTO-JI.      3a     HH- 

cxyio  ~y  take  smth  at  its 
face  value;  (0T)n,jiaTHTb  toh 
iKC  ~0H  pay  smb  in  his 
own  coin. 

MOHonojiHifl  [manApol^'iya] 
f  -H,  -ft  monopoly. 

MOHTa>K  [mAntash,  -zh]  m 
-a.  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  technol 
assembly,  mounting,  install- 
ing; 2.  montage. 

MOHxep  [mAn''t''6r]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  fitter  (a  person  who 
installs,  etc,  machinery);  2. 
electrician. 

MOpaji|b  [mAral^j  /  -h,  -eft 

1.  morals,  ethics;    morality; 

2.  moral,  moral  lesson; 

<>  HHTaib  ~b  KDMy-ji.  lec- 
ture smb. 

MOpajibHlbiH  [mAral^niy]  a 
sh  f  MOpajieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  moral,  ethical;  2.  spirit- 
ual, mental;  ~bifl  Ayx  mo- 
rale. 

Mopr|aTb  [mArgat^j  imperf 
-aKD,  -aemb,  MOprH|yTb  [mArg- 
nut*']  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  blink,  wink  (at); 
<>  He  ~HyB  rjiaaoM  co/ with- 
out batting  an  eyelid. 

M6p;i|a  [morda]  /  -bi,  -' 
1.  muzzle,  snout;  2.  col  mug, 
ugly  face. 

MOple  [mor^'a]  n  -h,  pi  -h, 
-eft  sea;  Ha  Mope  at  sea;  y 
—  H  by  the  sea;  by  the  sea- 
side; 3a  MopcM  overseas, 
beyond  the  sea; 
<>  Kanjin  b  ~e  a  drop  in 
the  bucket. 

MOp|HTb  [mAr^'it'']  imperf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1. 
exterminate    {vermin,    pest. 


—  213  — 


MOM 


etc);  2.  exhaust,  bore,  tire; 
~HTb  rojiOAOM  starve,  cause 
to  starve. 

MOpKOBJb  [mArkof^,  -v^]  / 
-H  carrot(s). 

Mop6iKeH|oe  [mArozhanaya] 
n  -oro  ice-cream. 

Mopos  [mAros,  -z]  m  -a 
(-y),  -OB  frost  {extreme  cold); 
<>  ~  no  KOHce  noAHpaex  col 
=  it  makes  one's  flesh 
creep. 

MopoclMTb  [marAS^it**]  im- 
perf  -HT  drizzle;  (AO>KAb) —HT 
it's  drizzling;  it  drizzles. 

MopcK|6H  [mArskoy]  a  -an, 
-6e,  -He  sea  {attr),  marine, 
nautical,  naval;  —annexoTa 
marines;  -^an  CBHHKa  zool 
guinea  pig;  -^an  aeesAa  200/ 
starfish; 

<>  —OH  BOjiK  old  salt;  —aa 
6ojie3Hb  seasickness. 

Mopui,MH|a  [mArsh^'iina]  / 
-bi,  —  wrinkle  (m  the  skin). 

MopmJHTb  [m6rsh^:it^]  im- 
perf  -y,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp-h, 
HaJMopmHTb  [nAmorsh^-.it^j 
per/.feiMopmHTb  [smorsh'^.it^] 
perf  1.  (HaMopmHTb):  — HXb 
■no6  knit  one's  brow;  2. 
(cMopiUHTb)  wrinkle,  pucker, 
contract. 

MopmlHTbCJi  [m6rsh^:ittja] 
imperf  -ycb,  -HiiibCH.  p  -hjich, 

-HJiaCb,      HaJMOpIMHTbCfl      [nA- 

morsh^iittja]  perf,  ciMOp- 
ij^HTbcn  [sm6rsh^:itt^sa]  perf 
1.  (HaMopmHTbCH)  knit  one's 
brow;  2.  (cMopmHTbcn)  screw 
up  one's  face,  make  a  wry 
face;  shrivel;  oh  CMopmHJiCH 
OT  66jih  his  face  was  distort- 
ed with  pain. 


MOpMK  [mAr^ak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  sailor,  seaman. 

M0CKBH4  [mAskv^ich^,  -j**] 
m  -a,  -efl  Muscovite,  inhab- 
itant of  Moscow. 

mock6bck|hh  [mAskofsk^iy] 
a  -an    -oe,  -He  Moscow  (a//r). 

MOOT  [most,  -zd]  m-a(-a), 
pi  -bi,  -OB  bridge  {across  a 
stream,  etc);  noATjeMBbiH  -^ 
drawbridge. 

M0CT0B|iji  [mastAvaya]  / 
-OH,  -bix  roadway. 

MOTHB  [mAf'if,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  motive,  cause,  ground; 
2.  mus  tune. 

MOTop  [mAtor]  m  -a,  -ob 
motor,  engine. 

motoi;hkji  [matAtslkl]  m  -a, 
-OB  motor-cycle. 

Mox  [mokh,  -gh]  m  Mxa 
(-a),  pi  MXH,  MXOB  bot  moss. 

MoxHarlbiH  [mAkhnatty]  a 
sh  f  --,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  hairy; 
shaggy;  2.:  ~oe  nojioienue 
Turkish  towel. 

MOHJa  [mAch^'a]  /  -h  urine. 

MOHaji|Ka  [mAch^alka]  /-kh, 
-OK  wisp  of  bast  {used  in 
taking  a  bath). 

MOH|HTb  [mAch^it'']  imperf 
-y,  MOHHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
1.  wet,  make  wet;  2.  soak, 
saturate. 

MOHb  [moch'']  imperf  Mory, 
M6>Keiiib,  MoryT,  p  Mor,  Mor- 
Jia,  ciMOMb  [smoch^]  perf  be 
able;  oh  cAeJiaex  Bce,  mtomo- 
JKCT  he'll  do  all  he  can;  oh 
M6H<eT  noHTH  c  BaMH?  can  he 
go  with  you?;  may  he  go 
with  you?; 

<>      MOJKCT      6biTb     perhaps, 
maybe;  Momei  6wTbH...;  mo- 


MOID 


—    214 


JKCT   6bITb    OH    H    B    ropOAC,    HO 

H  He  ysepeH  he  might  be  in 
town,  but  I'm  not  sure;  hc 
MOHcex  6wTb!  it's  impossit)le!; 
you  don't  say! 

moui6hhhk  [mAshen^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  swindler. 

MoiUHocTlfa  [mosh^-.nas^t^, 
-z^d**]  /  -H,  -eft  technol  out- 
put, capacity;  power,  horse- 
power; HOMHHaJlbHaH  ~b 
rated  capacity. 

M6iu,H|b!H  [mosh^miy]  a 
sh  f  Momen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  power- 
ful. 

MOK)  [moyu],  Moeuib  [mo- 
yosh,  -zh]  see  Mbiib. 

MOK)  [mAyu]  dat  of  moh; 
see  MOH. 

MOiocb  [moyus^,  -z^],  m6- 
euibcfl  [moyashs^a]  see  MbiTb- 

CH. 

MOfl  [mAya]  proti  f  Moefl, 
MOeH,  MOK),  Moeft  (Moeio),  (o) 
Moeft  see  moh. 

MpaK  [mrak,  -g]  m  -a  gloom, 
darkness,  blackness; 
<C>  noKpbiTO    --CM    HCHseecT- 
HocTH     it     is    shrouded     in 
mystery. 

MpaMop  [mramar]  m  -a  mar- 
ble. 

MpaHH|biH  [mrach^niy]  a 
sh  f  MpaMCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
dark,  gloomy,  sombre;  2. 
gloomy,  dismal. 

MCTHJib  [ms^t^it^]  imperf 
MLuy,    -uib,    p    -ji,    imp    ~, 

OTOMCTlHTb   [AtAmS^t^it^]  per/ 

OTOMmy,    -Huib,    p    -HJi,    imp 
-H     revenge      oneself  {upon), 
avenge;     ~Tb     Bpary      take 
veng3ance  on  one's  enemy. 
IviyAPlb'H    [mudrly]    a   sh  f 


— ',  -a, -o,  -bi  wise,  sagacious, 
judicious. 

MyjK  [mush,  -zh]  m  -a,  pi 
-bH,  -eft  husband. 

MyiKecTBeHH|wH  [muzhast- 
v^mniy]  a  sh  f  MymecTBCH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  manly,  courageous. 

MyjKecTBJo  [muzhastva]  n 
-a  courage,  valour,  fortitude. 

MyjKCKioH  [mushskoy]  a  -5h, 
-6e,  -He  1.  male;  man's, 
men's;  gentlemen's;  2.  ling 
masculine. 

MyiKHiiaja  [mush^n'na]  m 
-bi,   —  man,  male. 

MyaeJH  [muz^ey]  m  -h,  -cb 
museum. 

My3biK|a  [muzika]  /  -h  mu- 
sic (/)  sweet  sounds;  2)  the 
art  of  producing  such). 

My3biKajibH|biH  [muztkal^- 
n*y]  a  sh  f  MysbiKajien,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  music  (attr),  musical; 
~oe  conpoBO^ACHHe  accom- 
paniment; HMCTb  ~bift  cjiyx 
have  an  ear  for  music. 

My3biKaHT  [muzikant,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  musician. 

MyKJa  [mtjks]  /  -h,  -^  tor- 
ment, torture;  --h  cobccth 
pangs  of  conscience;  ^-h 
TBopqecTBa  throes  of  creation. 

MyK|a  [muka]  /  -h  meal, 
flour;  KapT6(j)ejibHaH  ~a  po- 
tato-starch. 

MyHAHp  [mun^d^ir]  m  -a, 
-OB  full  dress  coat. 

Mypaelefi  [murAV^'ey]  m  -hi, 
-bCB  ant. 

MycKyji  [muskul]  m  -a,  -ob 
muscle. 

Mycop  [musar]  /n  -a  1.  de- 
bris, rubbish,  refuse;  (75  gar- 
bage; 2.  sweepings^  rubbish: 


~  215  — 


MbIT 


KopsHHa  fl,Jisi  --a  waste-pa- 
per-basket. 

MycoponpoBOA  ImusarsprA- 
vot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  refuse 
chute;  US  garbage  chute. 

MyTHlbiH  [mutniy]  a  sh  f 
MyieH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  turbid, 
muddy;  2.  fig  dull,  lacklus- 
tre. 

Myxja  [mukha]  /  -h,  ^  fly 
{an  insect); 

<>    ACJiaTb    H3     —  H     CJIOHa    ^ 

make  a  mountain  out  of  a 
nolehill. 

MyneHHle  [much^en^iya]  n 
-^n,  -H  torture,  torment. 

MyHJHTb  [much^it^l  imperf 
-y  (-aio),  -Hiub  (-aeiub),  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  (-aft),  saiMyHHTb  [za- 
much^it^]  perf,  HBJMyHHTb  [iz- 
much^it^j  perf  1.  torture, 
torment;  ero  — -ht  noAarpa 
he  is  martyr  to  gout;  2.  har- 
ass, worry,  tease. 

Mxa  [mkha],  mxob  [mkhof, 
-v]  see  Mox. 

MHaJTbcji  [mch^attsa]  im- 
perf IvmyCb,  MMHIUbCH,  p  -JICH, 

-Jiacb,  imp  MHHCb,  ivwHTecb 
rush  /  speed  along;  -—tlch 
cjioMH  rojioBy  rush  headlong; 
BpeMH  M^HTCH  time  flies. 

Miii,eHH|e  [msh^:en^iy8]  n 
-H  vengeance,  revenge. 

Mmy  [msh^m]  see  MCTHXb. 

Mbi  [mi]  pron  pers  pi  1st 
person  nac,  HaM,  uac,  HaMH, 
(o)  Hac  1.  we;  6e3  Hac  without 
us;  Hac  TaM  He  dbiJio  we 
weren't  there;  sry  KHHry  AaJi 
HaM  OH  it  was  he  who  gave 
us  the  book;  Tbi  rhacji  nac? 
did  you  see  us?;  Bhktop  ceft- 
^ac   y  Hac   Victor  is  at  our 


place  now;  oh  6hiJi  c  naMH 
he  was  with  us;  hto  oh  ro- 
BOpHJi  Te6e  o  nac?  what  did 
he  tell  you  about  us?;  2.  in 
combination  with  the  prep  c 
and  another  pron  pers  or  noun 
denoting  'smb  else  and  I':  mm 
c  6paT0M  my  brother  and  I; 
y  Hac  c  HUM  ecTb  6HJieTbi  he 
and  I  have  tickets. 

Mbiji  [mil],  Mbijia  [mfla] 
see  MbiTb. 

MbijilHTb  [mll^it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b,  Hai- 
MbijiHTb  [nAmfl^it^]  perf  soap; 
■0  HaMbijiHTb  rojioey  KOMy-ji. 
col  =  give  smb  a  good  rat- 
ing. 

Mbijijo  [mlla]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 
~,  -aM  soap. 

MbiJicn  [mils^a],  Mbijiacb 
[mHas^,  -z^]  see  Mbixbcn. 

MbijibHHu,|a  [mtPn^itja]  / 
-hi,  ~  soap-box,  soap-tray. 

MbijibHbiH  [mtPniy]  a  soap 
{attr),  soapy; 
<>  --  nysbipb  soap-bubble. 

Mbic  [mis,  -z]  m  -a,  pi  -u, 
-OB  cape,  promontory. 

Mbicjilb  [mis^P]  /  -H,  -eft 
thought,  idea;  nppBOAHTb  ~b 
adhere  to  an  idea;  no  — h 
^BTOpa  according  to  the  au- 
thor; eMy  npHmJia  b  rojiosy 
~b  a  thought  occurred  to 
him; 

<>  66pa3  -—CH  way  of  think- 
ing; (one's)  views. 

MbiTb  [mit^]  imperf  mok), 
Moeuib,  p  MhiJi,  Mbijia,  imp 
MOH,  BbiMbiJTb  [vlmit^]    per/ 

BblMOK),  BblMOeUIb,  p  -Jl,  -Jia, 
imp  BblMOH,  nG|MbITb  [pAmit^j 

perf  wash  {clean  with  water). 


MbIT 


—  216  — 


MbiTbcsi  [m+ttsa]  imperf  m6- 

lOCb,    MOeillbCH,    p  MblJlCH,   Mbl- 

i/iacb,    imp    MOHCH,    MOHxecb, 

BblMlblTbCH  [vim*ttS9]  pe/f 
-OKDCb,      -OeUJbCJI,      p       -bIJICH, 

-biJiacb,  imp  -OHCH,  -OHTecb, 
noiMbiTbCfl  [pAmittsa]  per] 
wash,  wash  oneself;  ^  b  Ban- 
He  have  /  take  a   bath. 

MbiMJaTb  [mich^at^]  imperf 
-y,  -Hiiib,  p  -aji,  imp  -h  1. 
low,  moo,  bellow;  2.  fig  col 
mumble,  hem  and  haw. 

MbiiiijieHH|e  [mtshPen^iya] 
n  -H  thinking,  thought. 

Mbiuiuja  [m+shtja]  /  -bi,  ~ 
anat  muscle. 

Mbiui|b    [mish,    -zh]   /  -H, 
-efl  mouse; 
<>  jiexyMaji  ~b  zool  bat. 

M^rK|HH  [m^akhk^'iy]  a-an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  mhfok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  soft;  gentle,  sweet,  mild; 
-~aH  Me6ejib  upholstered  fur- 
niture; ~HH  x;ie6  fresh  bread; 
~HH  xapaKTep  sweet  temper. 

MMji  [m^al],  Mfljia  [m^ab] 
see  MHTb. 

Mnjicfl  [m^als^a],  MHJiacb 
[m^alas^,  -z^]  see  MHTbCH. 

mhch|6h  [m^'i^snoy]  a  meat 
{attr)\  ~aH  nnma  animal 
food;  ~faie  KOHcepBbi  tinned  / 
canned  meat. 


MHcjo  [m^asa]  n  -a  flesh; 
meat  {food); 

<>  nyiueHHoe  ~o  cannon- 
-fodder. 

MjiTejK  [m^'i^t^esh,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  mutiny,  revolt. 

MHTb  [m^at^]  imperf  MHy, 
MHeujb,  p  MHJi,  MHjia,  imp 
MHH,  HSMHJTb  [\z^m^ki^\  per f 
H30MHy,  H30MHemb,  p  -Ji,  imp 
H30MHH,  noMH|Tb  [pAm^af*] 
perf  noMHy,  noMHemb,  p  -r^ 
imp  noMHH,  pasMnJTb  [rAz**- 
m^at^]  perf  pasoMHy,  paso- 
MHeiub,  p  -JI,  imp  pasoMHH, 
CMJi|Tb  [s^'m^'at^j  perf  coMHy, 
coMHeiiib,  p  -ji,  imp  comhh  1. 
(pasMHTb)  knead;  2.  (HSMJiTb, 
noMHTb,  CMHTb)  crumple, 
rumple,  muss. 

MHTbcsi     [m^attja]     imperf 

MHyCb,      MHeiUbCH,      p     MHJICH, 

MHJiacb,  H3MH{Tbcii     [iz^m^'a- 

ttsa]per/    H30MHeTC5I,    p     -JICH, 

-.nacb,  noJMHTbCH  [pAm'^attja] 
perf,  cMfl|TbC5i[s*'m^attja]per/ 
coMHeicH,  p  -;icH,  -jiacb  1.  get 
crumpled,  become  rumpled; 
2.  (noMHTbCH)  fig  col  hesi- 
tate, waver,  display  indeci- 
sion. 

MH4  [m^'ach'',  -j^]  m  -a, 
-eft  ball  {of  rubber  or  leather)', 
Hrpaxb  B  —  play  ball. 


H 


Ha  I  [na;  in  the  first  p re- 
tonic  position  —  nA;  in  the 
second  and  other  pretonic  po- 
sitions —  na;  in  a  stressed  po- 
st tiori  —  na]   prep    I    i^'ith  pr 


denoting  1.  position,  location 
on  the  surface  of:  Ha  cxojie 
on  the  table;  Ha  6yMare  on 
paper;  na  noxojiKe  on  the 
ceiling     BHcexb    Ha    noxojiKe 


—  217 


Ha 


hang  from  the  ceiling;  2.  po- 
sition, location  in  some  area, 
etc,  at  the  scene  of  some  action, 
etc:  Ha  ypajie  in  the  Urals; 
Ha  yjiHUe  in  the  street;  out- 
doors; Ha  ceeepe  in  the  north; 
on  the  north;  Ha  co6paHHH  at 
a  meeting;  Ha  npeAnpHHTHH 
in  a  factory,  at  a  factory; 
3.  means  of  communication, 
instrument  of  performing  an 
action:  exaib  na  noesAe  go 
by  train;  exaib  na  MauiHHe 
drive  /  ride  in  a  car;  KaxaTbCH 
Ha  KOHbKax  skate;  Hrpaxb  na 
CKpHHKe     play     the     violin; 

rOBOpHTb       Ha        (})paHUy3CK0M 

H3biKe  speak  French;  4.  the 
time  of  an  action:  na  jiecArou 
roAy  CBoeft  »h3hh  in  one's 
tenth  year;  na  npoiujiOH  ne- 
neJie  last  week;  na  toh  hc- 
ACJie  last  week;  na  stoh  hc- 
AeJie  this  week;  na  6y;^yI^eH 
He^ejie  next  week;  5.  the  fact 
that  smth  is  made  with  smth, 
that  smth  is  used  as  a  fuel, 
etc:  BapeHbe  na  caxape  jam 
made  with  sugar;  ABHrarejib 
pa66TaeT  na  6eH3HHe  the  en- 
gine works  on  petrol; 
II  with  ace  denoting  1.  move- 
ment directed  to,  towards  smth: 

nOJIOJKHTb    MTO-Jl.   Ha    CTOJI    put 

smth  on  the  table;  noeecHib 
q,To-Ji.  Ha  BepesKy  hang  smth 
on  a  line;  noHTH  na  paSoiy  go 
to  work;  noexaxb  na  roctok 
go  (to  the)  east;  go  east- 
wards; noes;!  na  JleHHHPpaA 
a  train  to  /  for  Leningrad;  2. 
a  period  of  time,  the  time  of 
an  action:  njian  na  roA  a  plan 
for  a    year;  aa   TpeiHH   ;teHfa 


on  the  third  day;  na  pOHC- 
AecTBo  at  Christmas;  nasna- 
MHTb  mo-Ji.  Ha  cpeAy  [Aecnxoe 
um.n.]  fix  smth  for  Wednes- 
day [the  tenth,  etc];  nojio- 
menue  na  nepBoe  Mapxa  situ- 
ation as  on  the  first  of  March; 
3.  purpose,  aim,  etc:  pacxoAbi 
Ha  BoeHHbie  nyjKAbi  war  ex- 
penditure; npaBO  Ha  TpyA 
[Ha  o6pa30BaHHe  u  m.  n.] 
right  to  work  [education, 
etc];  na  ^^o  §to  Te6e  nyjKHO? 
col  what  do  you  need  it  for?; 
4  quantity,  measure,  limit, 
etc:  KynHib  khmf  na  nnxb 
py6jieH  buy  five  roubles' 
worth  of  books;  pa3AejiHTb 
Ha  HecKOJibKo  qacTeft  divide 
into  several  parts;  o6eA  na 
HHTepbix  dinner  for  five;  h3- 
BecTHocTb  Ha  Becb  MHp  world 
renown;  no  abc  khhfh  Ha 
KajKAoro  two  books  for  each; 
npoAasaTb  ^to-.t.  na  sec  [na 
MCTp  u  m.  n.\  sell  smth  by 
weight  [by  the  metre,  etc];  5. 
quantative  difference  Sc  ratio: 
Ha  RHTb  HejioBCK  66jibme[MeHb- 
mejfive  people  more  [less]; 
na  MecHU  paHbuie  [n63Hce]  one 
month  earlier  [later];  onos- 
AaTb  na  AecHib  MHHyi  be  ten 
minutes  late;  naceJienHe  bo3- 
pocjio  [yMeHbuiHjiocb]  na  oahh 
MHJiJiHOH  the  population  in- 
creased [decreased]  by  a  mil- 
lion; OAHH  Ha  TbiCHMy  one  in  a 
thousand;  6.  mode  of  action: 
roBopHTb  Ha  naMHTb  speak  by 
heart;  BepHXb  KOMy-Ji.  na  cjio- 
BO  take  smb's  word  [for  smth); 
7.  multiplier,  factor,  or  divi- 
sor by; 


Ha 


218 


<>  Ha  MOHX  rjiasax  before  my 
eyes;   in  my  presence. 

Ha  II  fna]  part  imperative 
col  here,  here  you  are,  take  it. 

Ha...  pref  of  verbs  denoting 
1.  direction  of  an  action  onto 
smth  or  to  smth:  Ha6p6cHTb 
[nAbros^it^]  throw  {on,  over)\ 
HaKJieHTb  [nAkl^'eit^]  stick  on, 
paste  on;  HaAasPiTb  [nadA- 
v^it^]  press,  exert  pressure 
on;  2.  a  full,  intensive,  or 
excessive  character  of  an  ac- 
tion: HaKH^aTb  [nak^idat^] 
throw  about;  litter  a  place 
{with  smth);  3.  a  small  degree 
of  an  action'.  naneBaxb  [na- 
p^i^vat^]  hum,  croon;  sing 
softly;  4.  {with  -ch)  an  action 
resulting  in  complete  satis- 
faction: HaecTbCH  [nAyestja] 
eat  one's  fill;  5.  the  perfec- 
tive aspect:  nanoHib  [na- 
pAit^]  perf  of  noHTb. 

HaSejio  [nab^ib]  adv:  nepe- 
nHcaxb  —  make  a  clean  copy. 

HaSepe^HJan  [nab^ir^izh- 
naya]  /  -oh,  -bix  embank- 
ment, quay. 

Ha^HBlaTfa  [nab^ivat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aciub,  HaSJHjb  [nA- 
b^it^]  perf  -bib,  -beiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -eft  stuff  with,  fill  with; 
•0  HaSHTb  pyKy  na  hcm-ji. 
col  get  the  knack  of  doing 
smth;  HaSHTb  ocKOMHHy  set 
one's  teeth  on  edge  {also  fig); 
—arb  Heny  drive  up  the 
price. 

HagHplaib  [nab^irat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Ha6plaTb 
[nAbrat^]  perf  Ha6epy,  na- 
6epemb,  p  -an,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
-aJiH,  imp    Ha6epH  1.  gather, 


collect  {a  certain  quantity  of); 
2.  recruit  {workers,  etc); 
<>  ~aTb  HOMep  Tejie^ona. 
dial  a  telephone  number; 
HaCpaib  BOflbi  B  pox  col  ^ 
keep  mum. 

Ha6HXb  see  HadHsaxb. 

HaSjiioflaxejibHlbiH  [nabPu- 
dat^il^nty]  a  sh  f  m6j\\o]\i' 
xejieH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  observant, 
keenly  watchful;  2.  obser- 
vation {attr);  ~biH  nyHKx  ob- 
servation post. 

Ha6jiK)Alaxb  [nabl^udat^] 
imperf  -aio, -aeuib  1.  observe, 
watch;  2.  take  care  (o/),  look 
{after),  keep  an  eye  {on);  3. 
supervise,  control,  watch. 

Ha6jiK)fleHHie  [nabl^ud^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  observa- 
tion, watching;  2.  superin- 
tendence, supervision,  con- 
trol; 6bixb  noA  ~eM  be  under 
observation;  be  under  con- 
trol. 

Ha66p  [nAbor]  m  -a,  -oe  1. 
admission,  enrolling,  enrol- 
ment; recruitment,  taking  on 
{of  workers,  employees);  2.  en- 
rolment, admitted  candi- 
dates; 3.  complete  set,  col- 
lection; ^  HHCxpyNienxoB  tool 
kit, 
<>  ~  cjioB  jumble  of  words. 

Ha6pacbiB|axbCH  [nAbrast- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
Ha6p6|cHXbCJi  [nAbros^ittja] 
perf  -iiiycb,  -CHuibCH,  p  -chji- 
CH,  -CHJiacb,  imp  -Cbcn,  -cb- 
xecb  fall  (upon),  pounce  (on); 
attack,  assault. 

HaSpaib  see  Ha6Hpaxb. 

Ha6p6cHXbCH    see    Ha6pacbi' 

BaXbCH. 


—  219  — 


Has 


HaeeflaTbCfl      see     HaBCAbi- 

BaTbCH. 

HaBeflbiBJaxbCJi  [nAV^ediva- 
tts9]  imparf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH, 
HaeejljaTbCJi  [nAV^edattsa] 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH  co/ visit, 
pay  a  call. 

HaeepHO  [nAV^erna]  parenth 
probably,  most  likely;  oh, 
--,  3a6oJieji  probably  he  has 
fallen  ill,  he  must  have  fall- 
en ill. 

HaeepCTaTb  see  HaBepcTbi- 
eaxb. 

HaeepCTbiBlaxb  [nAV^orsti- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Ha- 
BepcTJaTb  [nav^i^rstat^]  perf 
-aro,  -aeiub  make  up  for, 
catch  up  on;  HaeepcxaTb  no- 
TepHHHoe  speMji  make  up  for 
the  time  lost;  HaeepcraTb 
ynymeHHoe  make  up  for  the 
opportunities  missed. 

Haeepx  [uAV^erkh,  -gh]  adv 
1.  up,  upward(s);  2.  upstairs, 
up  the  stairs. 

Haeepxy  [nav^i^rkhu]  adv 
1.  above;  2.  upstairs  (on  an 
upper  floor). 

Haeec  [uAv^es,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  penthouse,  a  sloping 
roof;  awning. 

Haeecejie  [nav'is^i^l^e]  adv 
col  a  bit  drunk. 

HaeecTH  see  HaBOAHXb. 

HaeecxHxb  see  HaBemaxb. 

Haeemlaxb  [nav^i^sh^iat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Haee- 
cx|Hxb  [nav^i'^s^t^'it^]  perf 
Hasemy,  -Hiiib,  p  -iiJi,  imp  -h 
visit,  pay  a  call. 

HaB|oAHXb  [navAd^it^]    im- 

'',    -oflHUIb, 


perf  -omy, 


p     -OAHJI, 


imp  -OAH,    HaeeicTH    [nav^i^ 


s^t^i]  perf  -Ay,  -Aeiub,  p  Ha- 
BeJi,  -Jia,  imp  -ah  direct,  head; 
aim  (a  gun,  etc);  ~0AHXb  Ha 
cjieA  put  on  the  track;  --'OAHXb 
Ha  Mbicjib  suggest  the  idea; 
make  [smb)  think  {that...); 
<>  --OAHxb  nop^AOK  introduce 
proper  order;  put  to  rights; 
•~OAHTb  cxpax  inspire  fear; 
— 'OAHxb  KpHXHKy  criticize; 
— OAHTb  cnpaBKH  make  in- 
quiries. 

HaBOAHeHH|e  [navAdn^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  flood,  inun- 
dation. 

Haeos  [nAvos,  -z]  m  -a  ma- 
nure, dung,  muck. 

HaBOJioM|Ka  [navalach^ka] 
/  -KH,  -eK  pillow-case. 

HaBcerAa  [nafs^i^gda]  adv 
forever. 

HaecxpeHy  [nAfstr^ech^u] 
adv:  ABHraxbCH  KOMy-Ji.  ^  be 
moving  to  meet  smb;  oh 
nomeji  efi  —  he  went  to 
meet  her;  —  exajia  MauiHHa 
a  car  was  coming  from  the 
opposite  direction; 
<>  HATH  —  KOMy-ji.  meet 
smb  half-way. 

HaBbiK  [navtk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  habit,  skill  {in  doing 
smth.). 

HaBHsaxb   see    HaBHSbmaxb. 

HaBflSHHBJbiH  [nAV^ash'".i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -u 
1.  obtrusive,  importunate;  2. 
fig:  -— an  hach  fixed  idea, 
idee  fixe. 

HaBHSMBJaxb  [nAV^aztvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  HaBsi|3aTb 
[nav^i^zat**]  perf  -JKy,  naBH- 
x^euib,  p  -3aji,  imp  -jkh  im- 
pose (one's  ideas,  etc,  on  smb). 


Har 


—  220  — 


HarH6|aTb  [nag^ibat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  HarnlyTb 
[nAgnuf]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  bend  (a  tree,  one's 
head,  etc). 

HarH6|aTbCJi  [nag^ibattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  na- 
rHJyTbCJi  [nAgnuttsa]  perf 
-ycb,  -eiubCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  stoop,  bow, 
bend. 

Harjiocxlb  [naglas^t'',  -z^d^] 
f  -H  impudence,  insolence, 
effrontery,  brazenness. 

HarjijbiH  [nagliy]  a  sh  f  --', 
-a,  -0,  -bi  impudent,  insolent, 
brazen;  ~ayi  jio>Kb  blatant  lie. 

HarjiflAH|biH  [nAgl^adniy]  a 
sh  f  HarJiHAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
visual  {methods  of  teaching, 
aids,  etc);  2.  graphic,  obvious; 
---oe  AOKaaaTCjibCTBO  visual 
evidence;  graphic  demonstra- 
tion. 

HarnyTb  see  HarH6aTb. 

HarHyrbCfl  see  HarH6aTbC5i. 

HaroTOBe  [nagAtov**!]  adv 
in  readiness,  all  set  and 
ready. 

Harpa;i|a  [nAgrada]  /  -bi, 
-^  reward;  award  {for  smth). 

HarpaAMTb  see  Harpa^AaTb. 

Harpa>KA|aTb  [nagrAzhdat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Harpa- 
jtJMTb  [nagrAd^'it^j  perf  na- 
rpa>Ky,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
1.  reward,  give  a  reward  {to)\ 
award  {a  decoration,  prize, 
etc);  2.  fig  endow  with  {tal- 
ent, etc). 

HarpcBJaTb  [nagr**i^vat^] 
imperf  -k\o,  -aeiub,  Harpe|Tb 
[uAgr^'et*']  perf  -k>,  -eiiib 
warm,  heat; 


<>  Harpeib  pyKH  col  =    line 
one's  coat. 

Harpy>K|aTb  [nagruzhat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Harpy|- 
3HTb  [nagruz^it^]  perf  -my, 
HarpysHuib  (-SHiijb),  p  -3hji, 
imp  -3H  1.  load  (a  ship,  horse, 
etc);  2.  burden,  load  {with 
work,  etc). 

HaA  [nat;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  UAt,  -d;  in 
the  second  and  other  pretonic 
positions  —  nat,  -d],  HaAO 
[nada;  in  the  first ;  pretonic 
position  —  nadA]  prep  with 
instr  denoting  1.  position,  lo- 
cation, or  movement  above  or 
over  smth  over;  above;  -~  ro- 
poAOM  over  the  town;  —  HaMH 
above  us;  naAO  mhoh  above 
me;  2.  superiority,  domina- 
tion, prevalence  over;  3.  the 
fact  that  an  action  is  directed 
at  smth;  pa66TaTb  —  MeM-Ji. 
work  at  /  on  smth;  saAyMbi- 
BaxbCH  '^  qeM-ji.  meditate 
on  smth;  ponder  over  smth. 

HaA...,  HaAO...  pref  I  of 
verbs  denoting  1.  addition: 
HaAcrpoHTb  [uAtstroit'']  raise 
{a  building);  build  a  super- 
structure; 2.  partial  character 
of  an  action:  HaAopeaTb  [na- 
dArvat^]  tear  slightly;  naA- 
KycHTb  [natkus^'it'']  give  a 
bite,  nibble  {at  smth); 
II  of  nouns  and  adjectives 
denoting  position,  location 
above,  over  smth:  HaAseMHbifi 
[uAdz^'emnty]  overground; 
HaACTpoHKa  [UAtstroyka]  su- 
perstructure. 

HaAeeiaxb  [nad'^i^vat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  HaAeJTb  [nA- 


221  — 


Hae 


d^et'*]  perf  -ny,  -Heiub,  p  -ji, 
imp  -Hb  put  on  {clothes,   etc). 

HaAejKflla  [nAd^ezhds]  /  -bi, 
'^  hope;  noTepHTb  BCHKyio 
—  y  Ha...  lose  all  hope  of...; 
HH  MajieftuieH  --bi  not  the 
slightest  hope. 

HaACiKHlbiH  [nAd^ozhniy] 
a  sh   f   HaAe>KeH,  -a,    -o,    -bi 

1.  reliable,  safe;  dependable; 

2.  reliable,  trustworthy. 
HaflCTb  see  HaAeBaib. 
Hafle|5iTbC5i      [nAd^eyattja] 

imperf  -locb,  -euibCH,  p-HjicH, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCH,  -fixecb  1. 
hope;  2.   rely  (on),  trust. 

HaA36p  [nAdzor]  m  -a  1.  su- 
pervision, control;  surveil- 
lance; 2.:  caHHTapHbiH  '- 
sanitary  inspection;  npoKy- 
popcKHH  — '  the  procurator's 
supervision;  the  procurator's 
office. 

HaAMeHH|biH  [nAdm^enniy] 
a  sh  f  HaAMeHeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
haughty,  arrogant,  supercil- 
ious. 

HaAO  I  [nada]  impers  predic 
it  is  necessary;  —  npoHHxaTb 
siy  CTaxbK)  it  is  necessary  to 
read  this  article;  this  article 
must  /  has  to  be  read;  CMy 
[eft  u  m.  d.]  -^  npoHHTaib 
3Ty  CTaTbK)  it  is  necessary 
for  him  [her,  etc]  to  read 
this  article;  ~  6biTb  octo- 
p6>KHbiM  one  should  be  care- 
ful, one  ought  to  be  careful; 
MHe  ~  HATH  I  muot  /  have 
to  go;  MHe  ~  6biJio  hohth 
TyAa  I  had  to  go  there,  I 
should  have  gone  there;  ce- 
roAHH  BocKpeceHbe,  h  CMy 
He    —    npHXOAHTb    today    is 


Sunday  and  he  need  not  come; 
Te6e  He  —  6bijio  sqepa  npH- 
xoAHTb  you  needn't  have 
come  yesterday;  you  shouldn't 
have  come  yesterday;  ~  6biJio 
BHAeTb,  KaK  OHo6paAOBaJiCH! 
you  should  have  seen  how 
glad  he  was!;  hto  saM  --? 
what  do  you  want  /  need?; 
<>  raK  eMy  h  ~I  col  serves 
him  right! 

HaAO  II  see  naA- 

HaAo...  see  HaA... 

HaAoeAJaTb  [nadayi^dat''] 
imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,  HaAolecTb 
[nadAyes^t^]  perf  -eM,  -euib, 
-ecT,  -eAHM,  -eAHxe,  -eAHT,  p 
-eJi,  imp  -eiiib  1.  pester, 
bother;  plague,  annoy;  bore 
{smb)\  2.  impers:  euy  naAoe- 
jio...  he  is  sick  and  tired  of... 

HaAOJiro  [nAdolga]  adv  for 
a  long  time  {arrive,  leave,  etc). 

HaAnMcjb  [natp^is**,  -z^]t/-H, 
-eft  inscription;  superscrip- 
tion {on  a  letter,  etc). 

HaAyB|aTb  [naduvat^]  im- 
perf-slk),  -aeuib,  HaAyJTb  [nA- 
dut^]  perf  -K),  -eujb  1.  in- 
flate, blow  up,  puff  out;  2. 
col  dupe,  swindle; 
<>  HaAyxb  rySbi  col  pout  one's 
lips. 

HaAyTbCfl  see  AyTbcn. 

HaAyuiHTbCJi  see  jxymmbcn. 

HaeAHHC  [nayid^'in^'e]  adv 
in  private,  privately,  tete- 
-a-tete. 

Haesmjarb  [nayi^zh^iat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeujb,  Hae|xaTb 
[nAyekhaf*]  perf  -Ay,  -Aeuib, 
p  -xaJi  run  {into,  against), 
collide  {with)  {while  driving 
or  riding);  Ha   Hero   naexajj^ 


Hae 


222  — 


MaiUHHa  he  was  run  over  by 
a  car. 

HaeM  [nAyom]  m  HafiMa  1. 
hire,  hiring  {of  workers,  etc); 
paSoxaTb  no  naftMy  work  for 
hire;  2.  renting  {of  a  room, 
etc). 

Haexaib  see  HaesHcaxb. 

HajKaxb  see  HajKHMaxb. 

HaMiHMJaTb  [nazhimat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Ha^jaxb 
[nAzhat^]  perf  -My,  -Meiiib,  p 
-an,  imp  -mh  1.  press  (a  but- 
ton, the  door,  etc);  2.  fig  col 
put  pressure  {on),  bring  pres- 
sure to  bear  {on);  pull  wires. 

Hasaji  [nAzat,  -d]  adv  1. 
back,  backward(s);  2.:  xoMy 
~  ago  {past);  xpH  ro^a  TOMy 
~  three  years  ago; 
<>  nepeeecxM  nacbi  ~  put  the 
watch  back;    —!  stand   back! 

HasBaHHJe  [nAzvan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  name  {of  a  town,  etc); 
title  {of  a  film,  etc);  reorpa- 
(|)H4ecKHe  ~H  geographical 
denominations. 

HasBaxb  see  Hasbieaxb. 

nasjio  [nazb]  &  nasjio  [nA- 
zlo]  adv  out  of  /  from  spite; 
to  spite  {smb); 

<>  KaK  ^  as  ill  luck    would 
have  it. 

HasHaHJatb  [naznAch^at^] 
imperf  -ara,  -aeuib,  iiasHa- 
HJHTb  [nAznach^it^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  fix, 
set  (a  price,  term,  etc);  ap- 
point {a  time,  place,  etc); 
~axb  neHCHKD  fix  a  pension; 
grant  a  pension;  2.  appoint, 
nominate  {for  an  office,  etc); 
3.  prescribe  {medicine,  treat- 
ment). 


HasoHJiHBlbiH  [nAzoyl^'iviy] 
a  sh  f  ■~-^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  impor- 
tunate {person,  thought,  etc), 

Ha3UB|aTb  [nazivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  Ha3B|aTb 
[nAzvaf*]  perf  Haaosy,  Haao- 
eeiiib,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH, 
imp  HaaoBH  1.  call  {smb  by 
some  name,  etc);  name,  give 
a  name  to;  ee  HaasajiH  Ah- 
HOH  she  was  named  Anna; 
2„  name,  mention,  give  the 
name  of,  call  by  name;  oh 
Haaeaji  ceSn  he  gave  his  name. 

HaH...  pref  forming  superl 
and  denoting  the  highest  pos- 
sible degree  of  smth:  HaHjiyq- 
uiHH  [nailutshty]  the  best; 
HaHMenee  KpacnsbiH  the  least 
beautiful. 

HaHSojiee  [naibol^'iya]  adv 
used  to  form  superl:  —  ynp6- 
HbiH  the  most  convenient;  -^ 
npocxoH  the  simplest. 

HaHBHJbiH  [nAivnty]  a  sh  § 
HaHseH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  naive. 

HaHSHaHKy  [naiznanku]  adv 
inside  out,  en  the  wrong 
side;  sbiBopaqHsaxb  --  turn 
inside  out. 

HaHsycTb  [naizus^t^,  -z^d''] 
adv  by  heart,  by  rote;  mh- 
xaxb  -^  recite  (from  mem- 
ory). 

HaHMCHee  [naim^'en^'iya]  adv 
used  to  form  superl  least. 

HauMeHOsaHHte  [naim^'mA- 
van^'iya]  n  -a,  -h  name,  de- 
nomination, designation. 

HaHCKocb  [naiskas**,  -z^) 
adv  obliquely. 

HaHwa    [nayma]    see    HaeM. 

HaH  MM  [nAym""!]  imp  of  na- 
niik;  see  HauuMai^. 


—  223  — 


Haji 


HaJiMy  [nAymu],  naHMeuib 
[nAym''6sh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  HaHHXb;  see  naHH- 
Maxb. 

HaHTH  see  naxoAHTb. 

HaifTHCb  see  naxoAHTbCH  1. 

HaKaaaHHJe  [nakAzan^iya] 
n  -51,  -H  punishment,  punish- 
ing; penalty  {for  a  crime, 
etc);  noHecTH  —e  be  punished; 
<>  HTO  3a  -^•e!  col  what  a 
nuisance! 

HaKasarb   see   HaKasbiBarb. 

HaKa3biB|aTb  [nAkazivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  HaKaj- 
saxb  [nakAzat^]  perf  ->Ky,  na- 
KaHceiiib,  p  -saji,  imp  ->kh 
punish,    inflict    penalty  on. 

HaKanyHe      [nskAnun'^il     I 
adv  the  day  before; 
II  prep  with  gen  on  the  eve 
of. 

HaKjiaAbiB|aTb  [nAkladt- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Ha- 
jio}K|MTb  [nalAzhit^]  perf  -y, 
Haji6»:Hmb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h  1. 
put  {on,  over),  superimpose; 
2.  put  {a  certain  quantity  of 
into  smth  or  on  smth);  3.  im- 
pose {a  tax,  fine,  etc); 
<>  najiomuTb  Ha  ce6fl  pyKH 
col  commit  suicide. 

HaKjieBcxaTb  see  KJieBexaTb. 

HaKJIOHHTb    see     HaKJIOHHXb. 

HaKjioHHTbCfl     see     HaKJio- 

HHTbCH. 

HaKjioHHOCxIb  [nAklon- 

nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -efl  incli- 
nation, leaning,    propensity. 

HaKjioHlflxb  [naklAn^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  naKjio- 
H|HXb  [naklAn^it^]  perf  -ib, 
HaKJioHHUib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
tilt,  bend. 


HaKjioHl^xbcsi  [naklAn^'a- 
ttja]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -HeiiibCH, 
HaKjioH|Mxbcji     [nakUn^ittsa] 

perf  -KDCb,  HaKJlOHHUIbCH,  p 
-HJICH,       -HJiaCb,       imp        -HCb, 

-Hxecb  stoop,  bend;  -—nxbCH 
K  KOMy-ji.  bend  forward  to 
smb. 

HaKOHeu  [nakAn^etj,  -dz]  I 
adv  1.  at  last;  2.  finally; 
I!  parenth  after  all;  at  last; 
<>   — xo!  at  last! 

HaKonHXb  see  Konnxb. 

HaKOpMHXb  see   KOpMHXb   1. 
HaKpaCHXbCH  see  KpaCHTbCH. 

uaKpaxMajiHXb  see   KpaxMa- 

JIHXb. 

HaKpoiuuxb  see  KpoiuHXb. 

HaKpbielaxb  [nakrtvat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  HaKp|bixb 
[nAkrt't^]  perf  -oio,  -oemb,  p 
-b'lji,  imp  -OH  1.  cover  {with 
a  blanket,  cloth,  etc);  overlay 
with  a  covering;  2.  co/ catch 
in  the  act  {of);  catch  smb 
red-handed; 

<C>  '-axb  Ha  cxoji  lay  the 
table. 

Hajiarjaxb  [nalAgat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  HajiojKlHxb 
[nalAzhtt^]  perf  -y,  Hajio- 
jKHUib,  p  -11  Ji,  imp  -H  impose 
{a  fine,  tax,  responsibility)', 
—  axb  sanpex  prohibit,  ban. 

najiaAHxb  see   Hajia>KHBaxb. 

Hajia}KH8|axb  [nAlazhivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Hajia|- 
AHXb  [nAlad^it^l  perf  ->Ky, 
-AHuib,  p  -AHJi,  imp  -Ab  put 
right,  adjust;  repair,  fix; 
— axb  flejia  put  things  right; 
set  things  going. 

Ha^ieeo  [nAl^eva]  adv  left, 
to  the  left;  on  the  left. 


Haji 


224  — 


Hajierne  [nal^i^kh^k^e]  adv 
1.  without  luggage;  2.  lightly 
clothed  /  clad. 

HajiCT  [nApot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  raid,  attack;  2.  thin 
coating;  —  b  ropjie  patch 
{in  the  throat);  3.  fig  touch 
(of  sentimentality,  etc). 

HajiHsjaTb  Inal^ivat*']  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aemb,  HajiJHTb 
[nAl^i't^]  perf  -bib,  -beiiib,  p 
HajiHJi  (-HJI),  -HJia,  HajiHJio 
(-HJio),  HajiHJiH  (-HJiH),/mp  -eft 
pour  {liquids);  fill  {with  a 
liquid). 

HajiMHHJe  [nAl^ich^iya]  n 
-H  availability;  npH  ~h  jie- 
Her    if    money    is  available. 

HajiMHH|bm  [nAl'^ich^'niy]  I 
a:  ~bie  AeHbrH  ready  money; 
3a  —biH  pacqer  for  cash 
(payment); 

1 1  as   a   noun    HaJiHHHJbie 
pi  -bix  ready  money. 

Hajior  [nAlok.  -g]  m  -a  -ob 
tax  {on  income,  property,  etc); 
noAoxoAHbiii  —  income-tax; 
'—  c  oSopora  turnover  tax; 
o6jio>KHTb  -^-OM  tax,  impose 
a  tax. 

HajioKHTb  see  HaKjiaAbmaib 
&  HajiaraTb. 

HaM  [nam]  dat  of  Mbi. 

HaivieK  [nAm^ok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-ob  hint,  allusion. 

HaMeKJaxb  [nam^i^kat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeu.ib,  HaMCK- 
H|yTb  [nam^'i^knut^]  perf  -y, 
-emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  hint, 
allude. 

HaMepeBJaTbcsi  [nam^ir^i^- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH  intend,  plan,  be  going 
{to  do  smth). 


HaiviepeH  [nAm^er^m]  predic 
-a,  -o,  -bi:  qxo  sbi  ~bi  ^e- 
jiaTb?  what  are  you  going  to 
do?;  OHa  —a  ocMOxpeib  ropoA 
she  intends  to  do  the  town's 
sights. 

HaMepeHHle  [nAm^er^m^'ya] 
n  -H,  -H  intention,  purpose; 
A66pbie  — H  good  intentions, 
good  resolutions;  TsepAoe  — e 
fixed/ steady  purpose;  firm 
resolve;  c  sapaaee  o6AyMaH- 
HbiM  ~eM  deliberately. 

HaMCTHTb  see  naivieqaTb. 

HaMeHJarb  [nam^i^ch^at^j 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  HaMeJTHTb 
[nAm^et^'it^]  perf  -My,  -THuib, 
p  -THji,  imp  -Tb  1.  plan,  pro- 
ject; map  out  {concrete  meas- 
ures, etc);  schedule  {for  a 
certain  day  etc);  2.  nominate, 
name,  suggest  (for  an  office). 

HaMH  [nam'^i]  instr  of  Mbi. 

HaMOpflHHK  [nAmordn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  muzzle  {over 
the  mouth  of  an  animal). 

HaMopiuHTb  see  MopmHib  1. 

HaMopiuHTbCfl  see  MopmHTb- 

CH    1. 

HaMblJIHTb    see   MblJIHXb. 

HaHecxH  see  HanocHXb. 

HaHHMJaxb  [nan^imat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  HaH^xb  [nA- 
n'^at'']  perf  HaHMy,  naftMeuib, 

P      HaHHJI,      HaHHJia,      HaHHJIO, 

HaHHjiH,  imp  HaHMH  1.  hire, 
engage;  2.  rent  {a  house, 
etc). 

HaHoc|Hxb  [nanAs^it'']  im- 
perf HaHomy,  HaHocHUib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H,  HaHec|xH  [na- 
j^bjegb^bj-j    pg^^    .y^     -euib,     p 

HaHec,  -Jia,  imp  -h  1.  bring 
{a  certain  quantity  of);  2.  plot 


225 


Han 


(on  a  map)\  3.  inflict  {pain, 
wounds,  etc)\  ^mh  ocKop6jie- 
HHe  insult;  ~HTb  ypoH  cause 
damage;  HaHecxH  y^ap  deal 
a  blow  {also  fig);  4.  impers: 
Hanecjio  cnery  much  snow- 
has  drifted; 

<0'  -~HTb  BusMTbi  make  calls, 
pay  visits. 
HaHHTb  see  HaHHMaTb. 
HaoSopOT  [nAAbAFot,  -d] 
I  adv  1.  the  wrong  side  out; 
back  to  front;  2.  the  other 
way  round;  the  wrong  way 
round; 

U  parent h  on  the  contrary; 
<>  KaK  pas  ^  quite    the  re- 
verse. 

HanaAlaTb  [napAdat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  HanjacTb 
[nApas^'t^]  perf  -aAy,  -aAeuib, 
p  -aji,  imp  -aAH  1.  attack, 
assault;  2.  come  over  {of 
fear,  etc);  3.  come  (across). 
HanaACHHle  [napAd^en^'iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  attack,  assault; 
2.  sport  forwards. 

HanacTb  see  HanaAaxb. 

HanepCKOp       [nap^ir^i^kor] 

prep  with  dat  in  defiance  of. 

HanepCTJOK        [nAp^orstak, 

-g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  thimble  (for 

sewing). 

HanenaxaTb  see  ne^axaTb. 
HanHB|axbcji    [nap^ivattsa] 
imperf   -aiocb,    -aeuibCH,    na- 
n|HxbCJi       [nAp^'ittja]       perf 

-bibCb,      -beUIbCH,      p       -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -eficH,  -efixecb 
1.  have  (some  tea,  milk,  etc); 
quench  one's  thirst;  2.  get 
drunk. 

HanHcaxb  see  nncaxb    1,   3. 

HanHxloK  [nAp^itak,  -gj  m 


-Ka,  -KOB  drink,  beverage; 
npoxjiaAHxejibHbie  -~kh  soft 
drinks. 

HanHXbcsi    see   uanHBaxbCH. 

HanjibiB  [nApHf,  -v]  m  -a 
influx  (of  visitors,  etc). 

HanoMxb  see  noHXb. 

HanoKaB  [napAkas,  -z]  adv 
for  show. 

HanojiHHXb  see   HanojiHHXb. 

HanojiHlnxb  [napAln^'at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  uanoji- 
H|HXb  [nApoln^it^]  perf  -k>, 
-Huib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  1.  fill, 
make  full;  2.  fig  fill  (with 
joy,  etc). 

HanojioBHHy  [napalAV^fnu] 
adv  half  (done,  etc). 

HanoMHH|axb  [napam^inat**] 
imperf  -aw,  -aeuib,  HanoM- 
H|HXb  [nApomn^it^]  perf  -k) 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  re- 
mind (cause  to  remember);  2. 
remind  (smb  of  one's  father, 
etc);  imperf  also  resemble. 

HanpaBHXb  see  HanpaBJiHXb. 

HanpasHXbcn    see    HanpaB- 

JlflXbCH. 

HanpaBjieHH|e  [napxAvl^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  direction 
(of  movement,  development, 
etc);  2.  trend,  tendency;  ~e 
nojiHXHKH  orientation  of  pol- 
icy; jiHxepaxypHoe  —  e  lit- 
erary school;  3.  order,  permit 
(a  document);  ~e  Ha  pa66xy 
assignment  to  a  job. 

HanpaBji|nxb  [napxAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  nanpa- 
BJHXb  [nAprav^'it^]  perf  -jik), 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1.  direct 
(a  movement ,  ^development, 
etc);  2.  send,  direct  (a  person 
somewhere);  3,  dispatch,  send, 


Han 


—  226  — 


forward  (a  letter,  telegram, 
etc);  4.  fig&im,  direct  (one's 
actions,  etc). 

HanpaBji|flTbCH  [naprAv- 
l^attsa]  imperf  -hkdcb,  -neiub- 
CH,  HanpaBJHTbCH  [nApra- 
v^ittsa]  perf  -Jiiocb,  -HUibCH, 
p  -HjicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -bcn, 
-bTecb  make  one's  way  {to), 
direct  one's  steps  {to)\  be 
bound  {for). 

Hanpaeo  [nAprava]  adv 
right,  to  the  right;  on  the 
right. 

HanpacHO  [nAprasiia]  I  adv 
1.  in  vain,  for  nothing;  2. 
wrongfully,  unjustly;  bh  -^ 
TaK  flyMaeie  you  are  mis- 
taken; 
II  impers  predic  it  is  useless. 

HanpdcH|biH  [nApr^snty]  a 
sh  f  HanpaceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  vain,  futile;  useless  {effort, 
etc);  2.  wrongful,  unjust. 

HanpHMep  [napr^im^er]  par- 
enth  for  example,  for  in- 
stance. 

HanpoKax  [naprAkat,  -d] 
adv  for  /  on  hire;  B3HTb  ~ 
hire  {a  car,  etc);  A^Tb  ~  hire 
out. 

HanpoTHB     [nAprof'if,     -v] 

I  adv  1.  opposite;  across  the 
road;  2.  on  the  contrary; 

II  prep  with  gen  opposite. 
Hanp«r|aTb       [napr^i^gat^] 

imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  HanpjMHb 
[nApr^ach^]  perf  -5iry, 
-HH<euib,  -HryT,  p  -ar,  -nrjia, 
imp  -HFH  1.  strain,  exert, 
tax  to  the  utmost;  —axb  see 
CHJibi  strain  every  nerve;  2. 
fig  strain  {one's  voice,  mem- 
ory, etc). 


HanpH>KeHH|e      [napr^i^zhe- 


n^iya]    n     -h, 


effort, 


strain;  2.  p/zi/s  tension;  strain, 
stress. 

HanpsiMeHH|biH  [napr^i^- 
zhonntyj  a  [pa]  sh  f  Hanpn- 
JKCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  strained, 
tense;  strenuous  {work);  in- 
tense {struggle,  etc). 

HanpflMHK  [napr^i^m^ik,-g] 
adv  col  1.  straight  (without 
a  detour);  2,  fig  frankly, 
bluntly. 

HanpsiHb  see  HanpHraib. 

Hanyraib  see  nyraxb. 

Hanyrarbcfl  see  nyraxbCH. 

HanyflpHTbCfl  see  ny^pHTbCJi. 

HapaBHe  [narAvn^'e]  adv 
on  a  level  {with);  on  an  equal 
fooVmg  {with),  equally  {with). 

HapBlaxb  I  [nArvat^j  perf 
-y.  -eiiib.  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
-ajin  imp  -h  pluck,  pick  {a 
certain  quantity  of  flowers^ 
apples,  etc). 

HapBaib  II    see    HapbiBaxb. 

HapeHHJe  I  [nAr^ech^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  (local)  dialect. 

HapeHHJe  II  [nAr^ech^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  ling  adverb. 

HapHCOBaTb  see  pHcoBaxb. 

Hapofl  [nArot,  -d]  m  -a  (-y), 
-OB  1.  people,  nation;  2.  peo- 
ple {considered  indefinitely); 
xaM  6bi;io  mhofo  ~y  there 
were  many  people  there. 

HapoAHOcxIb  [nArodnas^t'', 
-z^d'']  /  -H,  -eft  1.  national- 
ity, people;  2.  national 
character  {of  poems,  etc). 

Hapo^iHJwH  [nArodniy]  a  sh 
f  HapoAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  peo- 
ple's, popular,  folk;  —bift 
no3x  national  poet. 


227 


Hac 


HapoHHo  [oAroshna]  adv  1. 
on  purpose,  deliberately;  2. 
for  fun. 

Hapy}KHOCT  1  b  [n  Ar  uzhnas^t' , 
-z'^d'']  /  -H  1.  appearance, 
look(s);  2.  exterior,    outside. 

HapyjKHbiH  [nAruzhniy]  I  a 
1.  external,  outward;  2.  os- 
tensible, affected  {calm,  etc); 
II  as  a  noun  Hapy}KH|oe 
n  -oro  "not  to  be  taken" 
{on  a  bottle  of  medicine). 

Hapyui|aTb  [narushat^]  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aeiiib,  Hapyiii|HTb 
[nArushit^]  perf  -y,  -Huib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -h  1.  break,  disturb 
{peace,  silence,  etc);  2.  violate 
[a  treaty,  law,  etc);  infringe 
on  {smb's  rights,  etc);  Hapy- 
lUHTb  KJiHTBy  break  one's 
oath. 

HapyuieHH|e  [narushen^iya] 
n  -51,  -ii  breach  {of  law,  obli- 
gation, etc);  violation  {of  a 
'treaty,  etc);  —  e  o6ineCTBeH- 
Horo  nopHAKa  breach  of  the 
peace. 

HapyiuHTb  see  HapymaTb. 

Hapb'iB  [nArff,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
abscess,  boil. 

HapbiBJaTb  [narivat^]  im- 
perf  -aeT,  HapBJarb  [nArvat^] 
perf  -ex,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
-ajiy  gather  (to  a  head)  {of 
an  abscess);  najieu.  —aer 
there  is  a  boil  on  my  [his, 
etc]  finger. 

HapflA  1  [nAr^at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  dress,  attire. 

HapflA  II  [nAr^at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  warrant  {for  the  re- 
ceipt of  goods);  2.  mil  duty; 
fatigue;  detail. 

HapaAHJbiH    [nAr^adnty]    a 


sh  f  HapHAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
smart,  well  dressed. 

Hapji^y  [nar'^i^du]  ac?o:  —  c 
on  a  level  with,  equally  with; 
at  the  same  time  with;  side 
by  side  with;  —  c  sthm  side 
by  side  with  it;  at  the  same 
time. 

Hac  [nas,  -z]  gen,  ace  &  pr 
of  Mbl. 

Haca}KfleHHle  [nasAzhd^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  planting; 
2.  plantation  {of  trees). 

HaceKOMloe  [nas^i^komaya] 
n  -oro,  -bix  insect. 

HacejieHHJe  [nas^i^l^en^iya] 
n  -H  population;  inhabitants. 

HacejieHHbiM  [nas^i^l^'onnty] 
a  [pa]  sh  f  HacejieH,  nacejie- 
Ha,  HacejieHo,  HacejieHu  pop- 
ulated;  inhabited. 

HacH^nHJe  [nAs'^il^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  violence,  brute  force;  coer- 
cion, constraint. 

KacKBosb  [nAskvos^,  -z^\ 
adv  1.  through  (and  through); 
npoMOKHyTb  ~  get  wet 
through;  2.  fig  throughout; 
nporHHBUJHH  —  rotten 
throughout. 

HacKojibKO  [nAskol^ka]  adv 
1.  as  far  as,  so  far  as;  2. 
{in  exclamatory  sentences  with 
comp)  how  much;  ^  3Aecb 
jiyMUje!  how  much  better  it 
is  here! 

HacKopo  [naskara]  adv  col 
hastily;  AeJiaTb  hto-ji.  --  do 
things  hastily, 

HacjiaflMTbCfl  see  Hacjianc- 
AaxbCJi. 

Hacjia>Kfl|aTbCfl  [nasUzhda- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
HacjiaAlMTbCfl      [naslAd^ittsa] 


Hac 


228 


perf  Hacjia>Kycb,  -riuibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -hcb, 
-HTecb  take  pleasure  (in), 
delight  {in),  enjoy. 

HacjiawAeHHle  [nasUzhd^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -a,  -h  delight, 
enjoyment. 

HacjiCAHHK  [nAS^'Ped^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  heir  (also    fig). 

KacjieACTBJo  [nAs^'l^etstva] 
n  -a  inheritance,  heritage, 
legacy  {also  fig). 

HacMepTb  [nas'Tn^'irt*',  -d''] 
adu  1.  mortally,  to  death; 
2.  fig  to  the  last  man,  to 
the  last  ditch. 

HacMeui|Ka  [nAs^m^eshka] 
/  -KH,  -CK  mockery,  derision; 
sneer,  gibe. 

HacMopK  [nasmark,  -g]  m 
-a  cold  in  the  head;  y  pe- 
6eHKa  —  the  child's  nose 
runs. 

HaCOpHTb    see    COpHTb. 

Hacoc  [nAsos,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
pump  {for  raising  liquids, 
etc). 

Hacnex  [nas^p^'ikh,  -gh] 
adv  in  a  hurry,  hastily;  any- 
how,  carelessly. 

HacnjieTHHHaTb    see    cnjiei- 

HHMaTb. 

HacTaHBJaTb  [nAstaivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  HacTo|jiTb 
[nastAyat*']  perf  -k),  -Huib, 
p  -5iji  insist;  persist  (m); 
'-axb  Ha  CBoeM  insist  on 
having  one's  own  way. 

HacTOHHHBlbiH  [nAstoych^i- 
vty]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  insistent  {person);  persist- 
ent {man,  efforts,  etc);  2,  ur- 
gent, pressing,  insistent  {de- 
mands, etc). 


HacTOJibKO  [nAstol^ka]  adv 
so,  thus  much. 

HacTOflTejibH|biH  [nastAya- 
t^iPniy]  a  sh  f  HacTOHxejieH, 
■a.  -o,  -bi  1.  insistent  {de- 
mands); 2.  urgent,  pressing, 
imperative. 

HacTOMTb  see  HacxaHBaTb. 

HacTOflm'HH  [nastAyash^.iy] 
a  -an,  -ee,  -He  1.  present 
{moment,  etc);  b  ~ee  speMH 
at  present;  2,  real,  true, 
genuine;  3.  (the)  given  {ar- 
ticle, paragraph,  etc). 

HacTpaHB|aTb  [nAstraivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  HacxpoHTb 
[nAstroit^]  perf  -lo,  -HUJb, 
p  -Hji,  imp  -ft  1.  tune,  tune 
up  {musical  instruments);  tune 
in;  2.  dispose  {a  person  to  a 
certain  mood  or  attitude); 
-~aTb  Koro-Ji.  npoTHB  kofo-ji. 
set  smb  against  smb;  — axb 
npoTHB  ce6H  antagonize,  in- 
cur the  dislike  of. 

HacTpoeHH|e  [nastrAye- 

n'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  mood,  hu- 
mour, frame  of  mind;  feeling, 
sentiments  {of  the  public,  etc). 

HacrpoHTb  see  HacTpaHsaTb. 

Hacxynlarb  I  [nastupat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  Hacry- 
ri|HTb  [nastup^it'']  perf  -jiib, 
HacTynHuib,  p  -hji,  imp  -vi  1. 
tread  {on);  step  {on);  ~HTb 
KOMy-ji.  Ha  Hory  tread  on 
smb's  foot;  2.  {no  perf)  mil 
advance,  be  on  the  offensive. 

HacTynlarb  II  [nastupat^] 
imperf  -aer,  HacTynlMTb  [nas- 
tup^it*']  perf  HacryoHT,  p  -hji 
come  {of  morning,  etc);  set  in 
{of  a  period,  etc);  fall  (o/ 
silence,  night). 


—  229 


Hax 


HacrynHTb  I  see  HacTynaxb 
I   1. 
HacxynMTb     II     see     Hacxy- 

HHXb    II. 

HacxynjieHH|e  I  [nsstupl^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  coming,  ap- 
proach; c  -~eM  AHH  at  day- 
break; c  ~eM  Ho^H  at  night- 
fall. 

HacxynjieHHle  II  [nastup- 
l^'en^iyg]  n  -h,  -\Cmil  offen- 
sive, attack;  nepefixH  b  —- e 
assume  the  offensive. 

Hacyiij,H|biH  [nAsush^:niy]  a 
s/i/nacymeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  vital, 
urgent. 

HacHex  [nAsh^:6t,  -d]  prep 
with  gen  concerning,  as  re- 
gards, about. 

HacHUXbiBJaxb  [nAsh^:itt- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub  num- 
ber, amount  to. 

Hacb'maxb  see  Hacunaxb. 

Hacbin|axb  [nastpat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  Hacb'injaxb  [nAsl- 
pat^]  perf  -Jiio,  -jieiiib,  p  -aji, 
imp  -b  1.  pour  {sand,  grain, 
etc);  2.  fill  up  {with  sand, 
grain,  etc). 

Hacbin|b  [nastp^,  -b^]  /  -h, 
-eft  embankment  {of  a  road, 
etc). 

Haxepexb  see  naxHpaxb. 

HaxHp|axb[nat^irat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  Hax|epexb  [na- 
t^i^r^et^]  perf  -py,  -peuib, 
p  -ep,  -epjia,  imp  -pH  1.  rub 
{smth  with  ointment,  etc); 
2.  rub  sore;  6oxhhok  naxep 
MHe  Hory  the  boot  has  given 
me  a  blister;  3.  polish 
{brighten  by  rubbing). 

HaxHCK  [nat^'isk,  -zg]  m  -a 
onslaught,  charge. 


HaxoMHxb  see  xo^HXb. 

HaxomaK  [natAsh^:ak,  -g] 
adv  on  an  empty  stomach. 

HaxpeHHpoBaxb  see  xpeHH- 
poeaxb. 

HaxpeHHpOBaxbca  see  xpe- 
HHpoeaxbCH. 

HaxarHB|axb  [nAt^ag^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Hax5iH|yTb 
[nat^'i^nut^]  perf  -y,  Haxa- 
Hemb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1. 
stretch  (a  rope,  etc);  draw 
{a  bow,  etc);  2.  col  pull  on 
{stockings,  etc);  c  xpy^oM  na- 
xHHyxb  Ha  ce6H  struggle  into 
{tight  clothes,  etc). 

Hayrafl  [naugat,  -d]  adv 
col  at  random,  by  guess-work. 

HayK|a  [nAuka]  /  -h,-'  sci- 
ence. 

HayMJHxb  [nauch^it^]  perf 
-y,  HayMHiub,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
teach  {smb  a  language,  to  do 
smth,  etc);  --HXb  kofo-ji. 
FpaMOxe  teach  smb  to  read 
and  write. 

HayHJHxbCJi  [nauch^ittsa] 
perf  -ycb,  HayqHuibCJi,  p 
-HJicH,  -Hjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  learn  {a  language,  to 
do  smth,  etc). 

HayHH|biH  [nAuch^nty]  a 
sh  f  HayqcH,  -a,  -o,  -w  sci- 
entific. 

HayuiHHK|H  [nAushn^ik^i] 
pi  -OB  {sing  HayiuHHK  m  -a) 
1.  ear-flaps  {to  protect 
against  cold);  2.  headphones. 

Haxaji  [nAkhal]  m  -a,  -ob 
impudent  fellow. 

HaxajibcxBlo  [nAkhaPstva] 
n  -a  impudence,  insolence, 
effrontery. 

HaxMypHxb  see  XMypHXb. 


nax 


—  230 


HaxMypHTbCJi  see    XMypHXb- 

CH. 

HaxoflJHTb  [n9khAd''it^]  im- 
perf  Haxo>Ky,  HaxoflHiiib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H,  HaH|TH  [nAyt^i] 
perf  -Ay ,  -fleiiib,  p  Haiiieji, 
Hamjia,  imp  -m  1.  find  {1} 
smth  lost;  2)  smb  in  a  certain 
condition);  2.  find,  discover 
{new  deposits,  etc);  ~HTb 
npHMeHCHHe  find  application 
(for);  HaHTPi  b  ce6e  chjim  (be 
able  to)  muster  sufficient 
courage;  3.  consider,  find,  be- 
lieve; H  HaxojKy,  HTOOHnpaB 
I  believe  him  to  be  right. 

HaxoAlHTbca  [nDkhAd'^ittja] 
imperf  HaxoM<ycb,  HaxoAHUib- 
CH,  p  -HJIC5I,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -Hxecb,  HaH|THCb  [nAy- 
f'ls*']  perf  -AercH,  p  HamejiCH, 
Haiujiacb  1.  be  found,  turn 
up;  HauiJiHCb  >KeJiaK)mHe  some 
people  volunteered  (to  do  it); 
paSoxa  HaflAexcH  ajih  ecex 
we  will  find  work  for  every- 
body; there  will  be  work  for 
everybody;  He  HaftAexcn  jih 
y  Bac?  do  you  happen  to 
have..?;     can    you    spare..?; 

2.  {no  perf)  be,  be  situated; 

3.  {no  perf)  be    {in  a  certain 
^mood,  state,  etc);  —HXbCJi  noA 

Bne^axjieHHeM  be  under  the 
impression  {of,  that). 

HaxoAlna  [nAkhotka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  find;  godsend,  wind- 
fall;   2.    fig  boon,    treasure. 

HaxoAHHBJbiM  [nAkhot^ch^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  — -,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
resourceful. 

HauHCHajiHsauHlii  [ndtjiana- 
l^izatsiya]  /  -h  nationaliza- 
tion. 


Hau,H0HajiH3Hp|oBaTb  [nd- 
t^ianal^iz^irovat^]  perf  & 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -yft  nationalize  {indus- 
tries, etc). 

HauHOHa;ibHocx|b  [natjiA- 
nal^nas^t'',  -zM^]  /  -H.^-efi 
nationality. 

HauHOHajibH|biH  [natjtA- 
nal^niy]  a  sh  f  HauHOHajien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  national;  —bift 
OKpyr  autonomous  region. 

HaMHlsi  [natjiya]  /  -h,  -h 
nation,  people. 

HaHajijo  [nAch^ala]  n -a,  pi 
-a,  --  1.  beginning,  com- 
mencement; c  caMoro  —a 
from  the  very  beginning; 
from  the  very  outset,  right 
fi^om  the  start;  b  — e  qexBep- 
xoro  soon  aiter  three;  2.  pi 
principle,  basis;  Ha  KOjijieK- 
xHBHbix  -'ax  on  a  collective 
principle;  na  Ao6poB6jibHbix 
~ax  voluntarily,  on  a  vo- 
luntary basis; 

<>      nOJlOKHXb       ^O       HCMy-JI. 

start  smth,  initiate  smth; 
mark  the  beginning  of  smth; 

nOJIO^KHXb       ^O      HOBOH       dpbl 

usher  in  a  new  era;  noA 
~-0M  under  the  command  of. 

HanajibHHK  [nAch^'aPn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  head,  chief, 
superior;  —  cxanuHH  station- 
-master;  ~  uexa  shop  super- 
intendent; '-'  luxaSa  mil 
chief  of  staff. 

HaHajibHlbiii  [nAch^al'nty] 
a  1.  initial,  first,  opening; 
2.  elementary,  primary 
{school,  etc). 

HaHajibCTB|o  [nAch^al^'stva] 
n   -a    1.    authorities,    higher 


231 


He 


quarters;    the    heads;    2.    col 
chief,  boss. 

HanaTb  see  Ha^HHaTb. 

HaneKy  [nach^i^ku]  adv  on 
the  alert,  on  one's  guard. 

HanepHO  [nach^irna]  adv 
roughly;  HanHcaxb  ~  write 
out  roughly,  make  a  rough 
copy  {of). 

HanepTHTb  see  nepTHTb. 

HaHHHJaTb  [nach^'inat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  Hanjarb 
[nAch^at*"]  perf  -ny,  -Heuib, 
p  Haqaji,  -ajia,  naqajio,  Ha- 
naJiH,  imp  -hh  begin,  start, 
commence;  HaMaxb  see  c  ua- 
Majia  begin  all  over  again; 
start  anew; 

<>  HanaTb   c   loro,    hto    «... 
to  begin  with,  I... 

Ham  [nash,  -zh]  I  pron 
poss  corresp  to  mh  m  -ero, 
-eMy,  <^  (-ero),  -hm,  (o)  -cm, 
Hauia  /,  Hauie  n,  HauiH  pi 
our;  ours; 

II  as  a    noun    h  a  m  h    pi  -x 
our  people  {relatives). 

Haul  I  a  [nasha]  pron  f  -efi, 
-eft,  -y,  -eft  (-eio),  (o)  -eft 
see  Ham. 

Haii]|e  [nasha]  pron  n  -ero, 
-CMy,  -e  (-ero),  -hm,  (o)  -cm 
see  Ham. 

Hauieji  [nAshdl],  uauijia 
[nAshla]  p  of  naflTH;  see  na- 

XOAHTb. 

Haujejicsi  [nAshols^a],  na- 
uijiacb  [nAshlas^,  -z^]  p  of 
HaftiHCb;  see  HaxoAHXbCJi. 

uaujH  [nashi]  pron  pi  -x, 
-M,  -—  (-x),  -MH,  (o)  -Hx  see 
Ham. 

HaJiey  [nayi^vu]  adv  in 
reality,  when   one  is  awake. 


He  I  [n^'e;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  n^i^;  in  the 
second  and  other  pretonic 
positions  —  n^i]  part  neg  1. 
denoting  complete  negation: 
He  ceroAHH,  a  saBipa  not 
today  but  tomorrow;  sasTpa, 
a  He  ceroAHH  tomorrow  and 
not  today;  ne  xoah  xy^a 
don't  go  there;  h  ne  xo>Ky 
xyAa  I  don't  go  there;  h  He 
6y]\y  xoAHXb  xyAa  I  won't 
go  there;  ne  noHHManaxoro... 
not  understanding  this...;  oh 
ymeji.  He  npocxHsmHCb  he  left 
without  saying  good-bye;  h 
He  HHcaxejib  I'm  not  a  writ- 
er; I'm  no  writer;  aasxpa 
co6paHHH  He  6yAex  there 
will  be  no  meeting  tomor- 
row; KHHT  xaM  He  6biJio  the 
books  were  not  there;  xaM  ne 
6biAo  KHHr  there  werenobooks 
there;  y  Menn  ne  6biJio  Bpe- 
MCHH  I  had  no  time;  eMy  ot 
sxoro  He  Jierne  he  is  none 
the  better  for  it;  He...  h  He... 
neither...  nor...;  oh  ne  ycxaji 
H  He  66jieH  he  is  neither 
tired  nor  ill;  2.  in  conjunc- 
tion with  an  infinitive,  de- 
noting inability,  etc:  CMy 
3X0X0  He  CACJiaxb  he  won't 
be  able  to  do  this;  ero  He 
yanaxb  one  would  not  recog- 
nize him;  3.  in  conjunction 
with  HCJibSH,  HeBOSMOHiHO  or 
the  neg  form  tf  MOMb,  denot- 
ing affirmation:  nejibsg  ne 
jiio6HXb  nymKHHa  one  can't 
but  like  Pushkin;  h  ne  Mor 
He  yjibi6HyxbCH  I  couldn't 
help  smiling;  4.  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  prep  6e3,  denot' 


He 


232  — 


ing  partial  affirmation:  He 
6e3  HHTepeca  not  without 
interest;  with  a  certain  in- 
terest. 

He  II  [n*'e]  forming  part 
of  the  pron  HeKOro,  Henero 
in  conjunction  with  a  prep: 
euy  6biJio  He  Ha  mo  jkhtl 
he  had  nothing  to  live  on; 
HecKeM  noroBopHTb  (there's) 
nobody  to  speak  to;  He  na 
Koro  nojio^HTbCH  (there's) 
nobody  to  rely  upon;  He  k 
^eMy  there's  no  need;  He  3a 
MTo!  don't  mention  it!,  it's 
all  right! 

He...  pref  of  nouns  and 
adjectives  denoting  1.  the 
opposite  of  what  is  expressed 
by  the  stem:  nenopHflOK  [n^i- 
pAr^'adgk,  -g]  disorder;  nese- 
ce.TbiH  [n*'iv**i^s*'6Uy]  sad; 
2.  a  moderate  degree  of  the 
opposite  of  what  is  expressed 
by  the  stem:  nerjiynbift  [n^'i^- 
glupjy]  having  common 
sense,  sensible;  Henjioxoft 
[n^iplAkhoy]  rather  good;  3. 
lack  of  what  is  expressed  by 
the  stem:  neceMeftHbiH  [n^is^'i^- 
m^eynty]  having  no  family, 
single;  necneuHajiHCT  [n**!- 
sp^itjtAl^ist,  -zd]  layman 
(a  non-professional  man). 

He6|o  [n^'eba]  n  -a,  pi  -eca, 
-ec,  -ecaM  sky,  heaven; 
•O  nofl  OTKpbiTbiM  ~0M  in  the 
open;  6biTb  Ha  ceflbMOM  ~e 
col  be  in  the  seventh  heaven; 
npeB03H0CHTb  Ao  --ec  praise 
to  the  skies;  c  --a  ceajiHTb- 
CH  col  fall    from   the    moon. 

He6|o  [nMba]  n  -a  anat 
palate. 


He6ojibiiil6H  [n^ibAPshoy] 
a  -an,  -6e  -He  small,  not 
big,  not  great;  ~6e  paccTO- 
HHHe  short  distance;  --an 
BbicoTa  low  altitude; 
<>  c  ~HM  odd,  a  little  over. 

He6peiKHlbifi  [n^'i^br^ezh- 
niy]  a  sh  f  He6pe)KeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  careless,  negligent; 
2.  casual  {smile,  handshake, 
etc). 

He6biBa,nbiH  [n^ibtvaliy]  a 
unprecedented,  unheard-of. 

HeeaKHO  [n*'i^vazhn9]  1  adv 
poorly,  indifferently;  so-so; 
II  impers  predic  1.  it  is  unim- 
portant; 2.  it's  all  right, 
never  mind. 

HeBe%A|a  [n''i^v^ezhd9]  m 
&  f  -bi,  -—  ignoramus. 

HeBe}KecTB|o  [n**i^v^ezh9- 
stv'9]  n  -a  ignorance  {lack 
of  knowledge,  education). 

HeBejhJiHBJbiH  [n**i^v''ezh- 
l^iviy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -u 
impolite,  rude,  uncivil. 

HeBepHJbifl  [n^'i^v^'ernty]  a 
sh  f  HesepeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi) 

1.  unfaithful,  disloyal,  false; 

2.  incorrect,  wrong. 
HeBecTJa  [n^i^v''est9l  /  -u, 

--  bride;   fiancee. 

HeBecTJKa  [n^'i^v^estkg]  / 
-KH,  -OK  daughter-in-law 
{son's  wife);  sister-in-law 
{brother's  wife). 

HeBHHH|biH  [n^i^v^inniy]  a 
sh  f  HesHHeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1. 
innocent,  guiltless;  2.  ingen- 
uous, naive;  3.  harmless, 
inoffensive;  4.  virgin  {attr), 
virginal. 

HeBMemdTejibCTBlo  [n'T- 
vm''iShat''il''stv9]   n  -a  non- 


—  233  — 


Heji 


-interference,     non-interven- 
tion. 

HeBHHMaTejibHJbiH  [n^'ivn^i- 
mat**il'*niy]  a  sh  f  HeBHHMa- 
TejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  inatten- 
tive; careless,  thoughtless; 
2.  uncivil,  unobliging;  incon- 
siderate. 

HeB03M6»ll|bIH  [n^'lVAZ- 

mozhniy]  a  sh  f  HCBoaMOHceH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  impossible. 

HeBpeAMM|biH  [n^ivr^i^d**!- 
miy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
unharmed,  safe;  ueji  h  — 
safe  and  sound. 

HeBbIHOCHM|blH  [n^'ivinAs^'i- 
mty]  a  sh  f  -^,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
intolerable,  unbearable. 

Herjie  [n^egd''!]  adv  (there 
is)  no  room,  (there  is)  no 
place  {to  sit,  put,  etc);  — 
B3HTb  there  is  nowhere  I 
can  /could  get  it. 

Hero  [n^i^vo]  gen  &  ace  of 
OH  &  oho;  see  oh. 

HeroAOBaHH|e  [n^'igadAva- 
n**iy9]  n  -h  indignation. 

HeroA^|fi  [n^igAd^ay]  m  -h, 
-es  scoundrel,  villain. 

Herp  [n^'egr]  m  -a,  -oe 
Negro. 

HcrpaMOTHlbiH  [n^i^gramat- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HerpaMOTen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  illiterate. 

HerpHTflHJKa  [n^igr^'it^an- 
ka]  /  -KH,  -OK  Negro  woman; 
Negro  girl. 

HerpHTflHCK|HH  [n**igr**it^an- 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Negro. 

HeAaBHO  [n^i^davna]  adv 
not  long  ago,  recently. 

HCAajieKo  [n^'idal^'i^ko]  I  adv 
not  far,  near,  close; 
II  impers  predic:  eMy  hath  ^ 


he  has  a  short  way  to  go; 
Ao  ropoAa  '-'  the  town  is 
not  far  away. 

HeAapoM  [n^'i^daram]  adv 
1.  not  for  nothing,  not  with- 
out reason;  2.  not  without 
purpose;  not  in  vain. 

HeAeHCTBHTejibH|wH  [n^i- 
dMS'sn'^v^ifil^niy]  a  sh  f 
HeAeflcTBHTe/ieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
invalid,  void,  null. 

HeAeJil«  [n''i^d''el**a]  / -H,  -b 
week;  na  sxoii  — e  this  week; 
Ha  npouiJiOH  [na  cjieAyio- 
men]  — e  last  [next]  week; 
Ha  TOH  ~e  col  next  week. 

HeAO...  pref  denoting  the 
partial  character  of  an  action, 
lack  of  completeness:  hcao- 
Aaxb  [n^idAdat^]  give  less; 
HeAo6paTb  [n'^idAbrat*']  not 
get  the  full  amount;  hcao- 
apejibiH  [n^idAzr^'eliy]  unripe, 
green;  HCAOoueHKa  [n^idA- 
Atsenka]  underestimation. 

HeAOBepHJe  [n^'idAv^'er^iya] 
n  -H  distrust,  mistrust. 

HeAOEOJlbCTBlo  [n^'idAvol''- 
stva]  n  -a  dissatisfaction, 
discontent,  displeasure. 

HeAOJiro  [n'^i^dolga]  adv 
not  long  {of  time). 

HeAOMoraHHie  [n^idamAga- 
n^iya]  n  h,  -h  indisposition 
{a  slight  illness). 

HCAonycTHMlbiM  [n^idapus^- 
t^imiy]  a  sh  f  --,  -a,  -o,  -u 
inadmissible,  intolerable. 

HeAopaayMeHHJe  [n^'idarazu- 
m'^en'^iya]  n  -h,  -fi  misunder- 
standing. 

HeAOCMOTp  [n^idAsmotr]  m 
-a  o^'ersight;  no  --y  through 
oversight  /  negligence. 


HCfl 


—  234 


HenocTalBaTb[n^id9stAvat^] 
imperf  -ei  impers  1.  be  miss- 
ing, lack,  be  wanting  in;  eMy 
—ex  AeHer  he  is  short  of 
money;  eMy  — ct  onbixa  he 
lacks  the  experience;  2.  miss 
{smb  who  is  absent); 
<>  3Toro  eme  —Bajio!  col 
that  would  be  the  limit! 

HeAOCTaTtoK  [n^idAstatak, 
-g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  1.  lack  {of), 
shortage  {of),  deficiency  (m); 
3a  -~K0M  BpeMeKH  for  want 
of  time;  HcnbiTbieaTb  —ok  be 
short  {of);  2.  shortcoming, 
defect;  ^aamecKm  ~ok  de- 
formity. 

HeflocTOHHlbiH  [n^idAstoy- 
niy]  a  sh  f  neAocTOHH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  unworthy  {of  love,  etc); 
2.  worthless,  unworthy;  mean 
{action,  etc). 

HeAOCxynHlbiH  [n^idAstiip- 
nty]  a  sh  f  HeAocxyneH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  inaccessible;  2.  d'lf- 
iiculi  {for  understanding);  be- 
yond comprehension;  3;  out 
of  reach  of    smb's    purse. 

HefloyMeB|axb  [n^idaum^i^- 
vat^i  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub  be 
puzzled,  be  perplexed. 

HefloyMCHHle  [n^idaum^e- 
n*'iya]  n  -h,  -h  bewilderment, 
perplexity. 

HCAOHex  [n^idAch^ot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -05  defect,  shortcom- 
ing. 

He;tpa  [n^edra]  pi  HCAp:  ~ 
seMJiH  bowels  of  the  earth; 
6oraxcxBa  neAp  (aeiviJiH)  min- 
eral wealth. 

Hee  [n^i^yo]  gen  &  ace  of 
OH  a;  see  oh. 

HejKH|biH  [n^ezhnty]  a  sh  f 


He>KeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  1.  ten- 
der, loving,  fond,  affectio- 
nate; 2.  sweet,  gentle;  ten- 
der {skin,  etc);  3.  delicate 
{creature,  etc); 
<>~biH    noji  the  fair  sex. 

He3a6yA|Ka  [n^izAbutka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  forget-me-not. 

He3aBHCHM0Cx|b     [n^IZAV^i- 

s^imas't^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  inde- 
pendence; sovereignty. 

He3aBHCHM|bIH         [n^IZAV^l- 

s^imty]  a  sh  f  ~-,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
independent. 

HesaypHAHJbiH  [n^izaur^ad- 
nty]  a  sh  f  HesaypnAen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  outstanding  {talent, 
personality,  etc);  out  of  the 
common/  ordinary. 

He3aHeM  [n^'ezach^im]  adv 
col  there  is  no  need  {to  do 
smth);  there  is  no  point  {in 
doing  smth). 

nesAOpOBHlxbCfl  [n^izdAro- 
v^ittja]  imperf  -xch,  p  -jiocb 
impers:  Mne  [hm  a  m.  d.\  ~xch 
I  [they,  etc]  don't  feel  well. 

He3Aop6B|biH  [n^izdAroviy] 
a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  un- 
healthy {look,  climate,  etc); 
sickly. 

HesnaKOMleu,  [n^iznAko- 
m^itj,  -dz]  m  -ua,  -neB  stran- 
ger    {not     an    acquaintance). 

tie3HaHMxejibH|biM  [n^iznA- 
ch^it^il^'niy]  a  sh  f  He3Ha'ii5- 
xejien,  -a,  -o,  -bi  inconsider- 
able; negligible;  small,  slight. 

He3bi6jieM|biH  [n^i^ztbl'^i- 
mty]  a  sh  /  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
firm,  stable,  unshakable  {ba- 
sis, etc). 

HeH36e)KHlbiH  [n^iizb^ezh- 
nty]    a   sh  f   HeH36e}KeH,-a, 


—  235  — 


H&n 


-o,  -bi  inevitable,  unavoid- 
able. 

Hei«MeHHlbiH  [n^iizm^en- 
niy]  a  s/z/HeHSMCHeH, -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  invariable;  2.  unfail- 
ing  {friend,  etc). 

HeHcnpaBHlbiH  [n*'iisprav- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HCHcnpaBeH,  -a, 
-o,  -H  1.  defective,  in  disre- 
pair; 2.  careless,  unpunctual. 

Heii  [n^ey]  dat,  instr  &  pr 
of  OHa;  see  oh, 

HeHTpajiHTCT  [n^iytral^'i- 
t^et,  -d]  m  -a  neutrality. 

HefiTpajibHlbiH  [n^i^ytral^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HeftTpajieH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  neutral  {country,  etc). 

HCKeM  [n^ek^im]  instr  of 
HeKoro. 

HeKJHfi  [n^'ek^iy]  pron  in- 
def  -an,  -oe,  -He  some,  a 
certain. 

HCKorfla  I  [n'ekggda]  im- 
pers  predic  there  is  no  time; 
MHe  —  I  have  no  time. 

H^KorAa  II  [n^ekagda]  adv 
in  former  times,  in  the  old 
days. 

HeKoro  [n^ekava]  pron  neg 
gen  {no  nom),  dat  HCKOMy, 
instr  HCKeM,  pr  He  o  kom 
there  is  nobody  one  can...; 
--  nocjiaxb  sa.BpaHOM  there's 
Hobody  we  can  send  for  the 
doctor;  we  have  nobody  to 
send  for  the  doctor;  HCKOMy 
HrpaTb  c  HHM  there  is  nobody 
to  play  with  him;  He  k  KOMy 
o6paTHTbCH  I  [we,  etc]  have 
nobody  to  apply  to;  mhc  He 
c  KCM  Hrpaxb  I  have  nobody 
to  play  with;  CMy  ne  o  kom 
3a6dTHTbCH  he  has  nobody 
to  take  care  of. 


HeKOTOplbifi  [n^eka^arty]  I 
pron  indef  1,  some,  certain; 
c  ^bix  nop  for  some  time; 
B  /  Ao  '-OH  cieneHH  to  a  cer- 
tain degree,  to  some  extent-; 
\\  as  a  noun  HCKOTop  |  bie 
pi  -bix   some,   some    people. 

HeKpojior  [n^ikr-Alok,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  obituary    (notice). 

HeKcxaxH  [n^i^kstat^i]  adv 
1.  inopportunely,  malapro- 
pos; 2.  irrelevantly,  ©Bit  of 
place;  not  to  the  point; 
npHftxH  ~'  be  unwelcome. 

HCKxc  [n^^kta]  pron  indef 
indecl  someone;  ~  llexpoB 
a  certain  Petrov. 

He«yAa  [n^ekuda]  adv  no- 
where {to  0.0,  etc);  CMy  ~ 
noHXH  he  has  nowhere  /  no 
place  to  go; 

<>    flajibuie    exaxb     —I    col 
that's  the  limit! 

HCJienlbiH  [n^i^l^epiy]  a  sh 
f  -— ,  -a,  -0,  -bi  absurd,  ri- 
diculous, incongruous. 

HCJioBKO    [n^i^ldfka]   I  adv 
awkwardly,  ill  at  ease; 
II     impers    predi-c    it     feels 
awkward  {to  do  smth). 

Hejibsa  [n^i^Pz^a]  in^pers 
predic  1.  it  is  impossible  {to 
do  smth);  one  cannot;  hx  — - 
ocxauoBHXb  it  is  impossible 
to  stop  them;  —  jih  ua^ 
noHXH  xyaa  cefliac?  can  we 
go  there  now?;  —  jih  noMOMb 
CMy?  is  it  possible  to  help 
him?;  2.  it  is  not  allowed, 
it  is  prohibited;  one  [you, 
etc]  niustn't  [shouldn't,  etc] 
{do  smth);  sxoro  AeJiaxb  ^ 
it  is  not  allowed  to  do  it, 
one  mustn't  do   i*t,    na   nero 


HeM 


—  236  — 


^  nojiO)KHTbCH  he  cannot  be 

trussed; 

-<>  KaK  --  jiyHuie  in  the  best 

way  possible;   -—  He  CKaaarb 

one  cannot  help  saying. 

HCM  [n^om]  p'r  of  oh  &  oho; 
see  OH. 

HCMijio  [n^i^mala]  adv  not 
a  little,  much;  not  a  few, 
many;  oh  ^  nopa66Taji  he 
has  worked  a  great  deal; 
ecTb  ~  CTaieft  na  siy  leMy 
there  are  many  articles  on 
the  topic. 

HCMefljieHHO  [n^'i^m^edl^'ma] 
adv  immediately,  at  once, 
right  away. 

HeMJeu  [n^em^itj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -ucB  German. 

HeMCUKlHM  [n''i^m''etsk''iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  German. 

HeMHorJHH  [n^'i^mnog^iy]  1 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1.  pi  few; 
B  —Hx  cjiOBax  in  a  few 
words;  2.:  ~hm  {used  with 
comp)  a  little  {larger,  older, 
etc); 

1 1  as  a  noun    HeMHorJHe 
pi  -Hx  few  people. 

HeMHoro  [n^i^mnoga]  adv 
1.  a  little,  some;  a  few; 
little;  Few;  2.  somewhat, 
slightly;  y  Hero  ~  6oMt 
rojiOBa  he  has  a  slight  head- 
ache. 

HCMHOXKO  [n^i^mnoshka] 
adv  co/=HeMH6ro. 

hcmIoh  [n^'i^moy]  \  a  sh  f 
---,  -a,  HeMo,  HCMbi  1.  dumb 
{unable  to  speak);  2.  mute 
{appeal,  reproach,  etc); 
11  as  a  HQun  h  e  m  |  6  ft  m 
-ODO,  -b'lx,  HCM  I  an  /  -OH, 
-ux  dumb  person; 


<>  ~afl  Kapxa  skeleton  map; 
'-OH  (J)HJibM  silent  film. 

newy  [n^i^mu]  dat  of  oh  & 
OHo;  see  oh. 

HenaBM  ,neTb  [n^'mAv'id^it^I 
imperf  -my,  -AHiiib,  p  -^eJi 
hate;  abhor,  detest. 

HeHaBHCT|b  [n^enav^'is^t^, 
-z^d^l  /  -H  hate,  hatred; 
abhorrence. 

HeHacTHJbiH  [n^'i^nasniy]  a 
sh  f  HenacTeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
rainy,  inclement,  foul  {weath- 
er, etc). 

Heo6xoflHMO  [n'lApkhAd^i- 
ma]  impers  predic  it  is  neces- 
sary; —  npo4HTaTb  aiy  ciaTbib 
it  is  necessary  to  read  this 
article;  this  article  must  / 
has  to  be  read;  eMy  [eft 
u  m.  d.]  -'  npoHHiaTb  sxy 
cxaibK)  it  is  necessary  for 
him  [her,  etc]  to  read  this 
article;  ~  Bce  c^eJiaxb  k  se- 
nepy  it  is  necessary  that 
everything  should  be  done 
by  the  evening;  mhc  ~  hath 
I  must  /  have  to  go;  MHe  -^ 
6biJio  noftiH  xyAa  I  had  to 
go  there. 

HeoexoAHMJbiH  [n^iApkhA- 
d^'imiy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -u 
necessary,  indispensable. 

He06WKH0BeHH|bIH[n^IAbik- 

nAv^^nniyl  a  sh  f  Heo6biKHo- 
BeHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  extraordi- 
nary, remarkable. 

HeorpaHHHeHH|biH  [n^iAgrA- 
n^'ieh^mniy]  a  sh  f  neorpa- 
HHqen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  unlimited, 
unrestricted;  ^aH  BJiacxb 
absolute  power. 

HCOAHOKpdXHO    [tt^'lAdttA- 

kratna]  adv  repeatedly,  more 


—  237 


than  once,  over  and  over 
again. 

HeojKHiiaHHO  [n'lAzhtdana] 
adv  unexpectedly;    suddenly. 

HeonpeAejieHH|biH  [n^iApr^i- 
d^i^l^onnjy]  a  sh  f  Heonpe- 
flejiCHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  indefi- 
nite, indeterminate;  2.  vague, 
uncertain; 

<>  —aji  $6pMa  rjiarojia  in- 
finitive. 

HeonpoBepmHMlbiH  [n^iApra- 
v^i^rzhlmiy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  irrefutable,  undeni- 
able, incontrovertit)le. 

HeOCTOp6«H|bIH         [n^IAStA- 

rozhniy]  a  sh  f  neocTopo- 
>KeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  careless,  in- 
cautious;  imprudent,  rash. 

HeoTJi6}KH|biH  [n^iAtlozh- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HeoTjioH^eH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  pressing,  urgent;  --aH 
(MeAHUHHCKaH)  noMomb  first 
aid. 

HeoTi>eMJieM|biH  [n^iAtyem- 
Pimiy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
inalienable;  --an  qacxb  in- 
tegral part. 

Henajijei;  [n^i^paPitj,  -dzj 
m  -bua,  -buee  Nepalese. 

HenajibCK|HH  [n'i^paP- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Nepa- 
lese. 

HenoSeflHMlbiH  [n^ipab^'i^- 
d^imiy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
invincible,  unconquerable. 

Henor6;i|a  [n^ipAgoda]  /  -bi 
foul  weather. 

HenOABH3KH|blH  [n^ipAd^- 
v'izhnty]  a  sh  f  HenoflBH>KeH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  immovable,  mo- 
tionless, still;  fixed,  station- 
ary. 

HenoAxoflflmJHH  [n^'ipatkhA- 


d^ash^:iy]  a  -an,  -ee,  -hc, 
sh  f  ~,  -a,  -e,  -H  unsuitable, 
inappropriate. 

Hen6jiH|biH  [n^'i^polniy]  a 
sh  f  HenojioH,  -a,  -o  (-6), 
-bi  (-bi)  incomplete;  short 
{weight,  etc);  —  hh  paSoMHH 
ACHb  short  hours;  no  —um 
AaHHbiM  according  to  prelimi- 
nary data. 

HenocpeACTBeHHibiH  [n^i- 
pAsr^etjt^v^innf^T]  a  sh  f  ne- 
nocpeACTBCH,  -a,  -o,  •-bi  I. 
immediate,  direct;  2.  spon- 
taneous, ingenuous. 

H€nOCTOflHH|b!H      [n^ip3StA- 

yanniy]  a  sh  f  nenoCTOHHeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  inconstant,  change- 
able, variable. 

HenpasHJibHO  [n^i^pra- 

v^iPna]  ac?u  wrongly,  errone- 
ously; in  the  wrong  way;-- 
noHHTb  misunderstand;  -^ 
npoHSHocrixb     mispronoun5,e. 

HenpaBHJibHJbiH  [n^i^pra- 
v^il^'nty]  a  sh  f  HenpaeHjien, 
-a,  -a,  -bi  1.  anomalous; 
2.  erroneous,  wrong,  incor- 
rect; 

<>  ~biH  rjiaroji  irregular 
verb. 

HenpeMCHHO  [n^ipr'i^m^en- 
na]  adv  without  fail;  cer- 
tainly; OH  —  onosAaex  he 
will  certainly  be  late;  he  is 
sure  to  be  late. 

He,npepbiBH|bifi  [n^ipr^i®- 
rfvnty]  a  sh  f  HenpepbiBeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  continuous,  unbro- 
ken, uninterrupted. 

HenpHFOAHlbiH  [n'lpr^igdd- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HenpHroAen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  unfit,  ifseless;  unsuit- 
able, ineligible. 


Hen 


—  238 


HenpHKOCHOBeHHOCTJb    [n**!-" 

pr^ikasnAv^ennas^t^,  -z^d^]  / 
-H  inviolability;  AHnjiOMaiH- 
qecKan  --b  diplomatic  im- 
munity. 

nenpHHymjieHHlbiM  [n'^ipr^i- 
nuzhd^onniy]  a  sh  f  Henpn- 
Hy>KAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  natural, 
free  and  easy;  -^bm  paaro- 
Bop  free  and  easy  talk; 
small  talk. 

HenpHCTynHJbiH  [n^ipr^i- 
stupn^y]  a  sh  f  HenpHcxy- 
neH,  -a,  -0,  -u  1.  inacces- 
sible, impregnable;  2.  unap- 
proachable, haughty. 

HenpHflxeji'ib  [n^'ipr^iya- 
t*'il^]  m  -H  mil  enemy. 

HenpHflTHOCT|b  [n''ipr''iyat- 
nss*'t*',  -z'^d'']  /  -H,  -eft  trou- 
ble, annoyance,  nuisance; 
KaKaH  ~bl  how  annoy- 
ing! 

HenpH^TUJbiH  [n^ipr^'iyat- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HenpHHTen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  unpleasant,  disagree- 
able, objectionable. 

HenpOMOKaeM|biH  [n^ipra 
raAkayamiy]  a  sh  /  ~,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  waterproof. 

He[>aBeHCTB|G  [n^i^rav'm- 
stva]  n  -a  inequality  (/)  in 
rights,  circumstances,  etc; 
2)  math). 

Hepa366p*tHB{Mft  [n^irAZ- 
borch^iviy]  ashf  '^,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  illegible  {handwriting, 
etc);  2.  not  fastidious;  3.  un- 
scrupulous. 

Heps  [n^'erf,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
anat  nerve; 

<>  AeiicTBOBaTb  KOMy-ji.  na 
'-W  get  on  smb's  nerves, 

HepBHHHJaTb         [n^crvH^'i- 


ch^at**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib  be/ 
feel  nervous. 

HepBHlbiH  [n^'ervnty]  a  sh 
f  HepseH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  nerv- 
ous; --bift  yseji  nerve-knot. 

HepeiiiHTejibH|biH  [n^ir^i®- 
shlf'il^niy]  a  HepernHxejieH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  irresolute,  indeci- 
sive; ~biM  xoHOM  in  a  hesi- 
tating manner. 

Hepflxja  [n^i^r^akha]  m  & 
/  -H,   ~  col  sloven. 

HecKOJibK|o  I  [n^eskal^'ka] 
num  -Hx  several;  some,  a 
few; 

<>  B  ~MX  cjioBax  in  a  few 
words. 

HecKOJibKO  II  [n^eskal^ka] 
adv  somewhat,  a  bit. 

Hecjib'ixaHHbift  [n^'i^sH- 

khannty]  a  unheard-of,  un- 
precedented. 

HecMoxpfl  [n^ismAtr^'a]  prep 
with  ace:  —  na  in  spite  of, 
despite,  notwithstanding; 
<>  ~  HH  Ha  HXG  in  spite  of 
everything,  despite  every- 
thing. 

HeeoBepmeHHOJierHHH  [n'l- 
sav^irshanAl^et^'n^iy]  I  a  un- 
der age; 

11  as  a  noun  Hecosep- 
lueHHOJiexHJHH  m  -ero, 
-HX  minor  {below  18). 

HecoBMecxHM|biH  [n^isav- 
m^i^s^'t^imiy]  a  s/i  /  —,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  incompatible. 

HecoMHeHHo  [n^isAmn^en- 
na]  parenth  undoubtedly, 
beyond  all  question. 

Hecocxo^xejibH|biH  [n'^isa- 
stAyafrPnty]  a  sh  f  neco- 
cxo^xejiCH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  un- 
founded,     groundless,     un- 


239 


Hey 


sound;  —  bih  aqboji,  uncon- 
vincing argument. 

HecfiM  [n^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-y,  -euib,  p  Hec,  -Jia,  imp 
-H,  nolHecTH  [pan^i^s^t^i] 
perf,  cjHecTH  [s^n^i^s^t^i] 
perf  a  concrete  action,  move- 
ment in  a  definite  direction  —  1 

[Cf     HOCMTb     1]      1.     (nOHeCTH) 

carry  {on  one's  person,  in 
one's  hands);  2.  (nonecxH)  im- 
pers  col:  ox  OKHa  ~e.T  xo^to- 
AOM  there  is  a  cold  draught 
from  the  window;  ot  Hero 
-—eT  Ta6aK6M  he  reeks  of 
tobacco;  3.  (noHecxH)  bear, 
suffer,  sustain  {loss,  punish- 
ment, etc);  4.  {no  perf)  per- 
form {duties,  etc);  ^xh  ^e- 
^ypcxBO  be  on  duty;  5.  {no 
perf)  bring,  cause,  carry 
{death,  sorrow,  etc);  6.  (cHe- 
cxh)  lay  {eggs,  of  hens,  etc); 
<0>  ~TM  BSAOp  col  talk  non- 
sense. 

He.c|THCb  [n^i^s^t^is^]  im- 
perf -ycb,  -eiubCH  p  HeccR, 
-jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb, 
noi«ecTHCb  [pan^i^s^t^is**] 
perf,  cjHecTHCb  [s^n'^i^s^t^is^j 
perf  a  concrete  movement  in 
a    definite    direction  —  I     [cf 

HOCHXbCH     1]     1.     (nOHeCXHCb) 

move  at  great  speed;  2.  {no 
perf)  pass  very  quickly,  fol- 
low in  quick  succession  {of 
time,  events,  etc);  3.  (cne- 
cxHCb)  lay  eggs  {of  hens, 
etc). 

HecHacTH|biH  [n^i^sh^:as- 
niy]  a  sh  f  Hecqacxeu,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  unhappy,  unfortunate, 
miserable. 

Hec4acTlbe[n''i^sh'':asH^y9] 


n   -bH,    -HH  misfortune,    dis- 
aster; 
<>  K  — bK)  unfortunately. 

Her  [n^et,  -d]  I  impers 
predic:    y    mchh    -^    BpeivieHH 

I  have  no  time;  khhf  xaM 
—  the  books  are  not  there; 
xaM  ^  KHHr  there  are  no 
books  there;  b  6H6jiHoxeKe 
3XHX  KHur  '^  they  don't 
have  these  books  at  the  li- 
brary; Koro  ceroAHH  ~?  who 
is  absent  today?; 

I I  a  word  of  negation  or  dis- 
agreement no;  «Th  H^euib 
c  HaMH?»  «Hex».  "Are  you 
coming  with  us?"  "No,  I'm 
not";  «Bbi  He  BH/iejiH  axox 
4)HjibM?»  «Hex,  BHAeji».  "Have 
you  seen  the  film?"  "Yes, 
I  have";  xbi  HAeiUb  hjih  ~? 
are  you  coming  or  not?; 
H  Aocxaji  KHHPy,  a  oh  -' 
I  got  the  book  and  he  didn't; 
BOBce  ~  not  at  all;  --  eu;e 
not  yet; 

<>  ~  KEK  —  no  trace  of...; 
Hd  -~'  to  nought,  to  nothing 
{of  reducing,  etc);  Ha  ~  h 
cyAa  -^  prov  ^  if  there 
isn't  any,  we  must  do  with- 
out. 

HeTpyAocnoc66H|biH  [n^i- 
trudaspAsobniy]  a  sh  f  hc- 
xpyAOcnoc66eH,  -a,  -o,  -m 
disabled,  invalid. 

HeyAanja  [n^tudach^a]  f 
-H,  --  failure;  misfortune, 
bad  luck;  noxepnexb  — y  fail 
{in  smth.);    suffer  misfortune. 

HeyAaHHJbiH  [n'^iudach^'niyl 
a  sh  f  HeyAaqen,  -a,  -o,  -u 
unsuccessful;  -—wh  npHM^p 
unhappy  example. 


Hey 


240 


Heyfl66HlbiH  [n**iud6bnty]  a 
sh  f  HeyA66eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
uncomfortable,  awkward;  in- 
convenient (time,  etc);  2.  fig 
embarrassing  {situation);  3. 
fig  improper. 

HeyjKCjiH  [n^iuzliel^i]  part 
inter  denoting  surprise,  dis- 
belief, etc  really?,  is  it  pos- 
sible?; '-  3T0  npaBAa?  can 
it  be  true?;  — -  oh  3a6ojieji? 
can  he  have  fallen   ill? 

HeyKjijbw'iHH  [n^iukl'^uzhiy] 
a  -aH,  -ee, -He,  s/i/ — , -a,  -e, 
-H  clumsy,  lumbering,  awk- 
ward. 

HeyMecTHJbiH  [n^ium^esnly] 
a  sh  f  HeyMecieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
irrelevant,  inappropriate, 
out  of  place. 

HeypoKaJH  [n^iurAzhay]  m 
-H,  -eB  bad  harvest  crop 
failure. 

He4)TenpoB6A  [n^'ift^'iprA- 
vot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  pipeline, 
oil-conduit. 

Het|)Tlb  [n^efM^  -vM^]  / 
-H  (mineral)  oil. 

Hexopouio  [n^ikharAsho]  I 
adv  badly  {opposite  of  well); 
U  inipers  predic  it  is  bad, 
it  is  wrong;  it  is  wicked; 
--  TaK  AejiaTb  it  is  wrong 
to  do  things  like  that. 

HexoTfl  [n*'ekhat''9]  adv 
unwillingly,  reluctantly. 

HenanHHo  [n^'i^ch^'ayana] 
adv  inadvertently,  acciden- 
tally; unintencionally. 

HCHero  I  [n''ech''iV9l  pron 
neg  gen  {no  nom),  dat  HeneMy, 
instr  He4£M,  pr  He  o  mcm 
there  is  nothing  to...;  ~  qw- 
Taib    (there    is)    nothing   to 


read;  eMy  ~  MHTaib  he  has 
nothing  to  read;  HeqeMy 
yAHBJiHTbCH  (there  is)  nothing 
to  be  surprised  at;  neqcM 
HHcaxb  (there  is)  nothing  to 
write  with;  He  c  qeM  hath 
K  HeMy  we  have  nothing  to 
take  to  him;  He  o  qeM  roBO- 
pHTb  (there  is)  nothing  to 
talk  about;  we  have  nothing 
to  talk  about; 

<>  ~  cKasarb!  well!,  well 
I  declare! 

Henero  II  [n^'ech^'iva]  pred- 
ic col  it's  no  use  {doing 
snith),  it's  no  good  {doing 
smth);  there's  no  need  {to  do 
smth);  —■  o6  stom  paaroBa- 
pHBaxb  it's  no  use  talking 
about  this;  ~  eMy  bojiho- 
BaxbCH  there's  no  need  for 
him  to  worry;  he  needn't 
worry. 

HeHeM  [n^ech'^im]  instr  of 
neqero  I. 

HencMy  [n^ech^imu]  dat  of 
Heqero  I. 

HeneTHbifi  [n^i^ch^otnty]  a 
odd  {of  numbers). 

HCHTG  [n^ech^'ta]  pron  in- 
def  something;  ~  BpoAe  SToro 
something  like  this. 

HH  I  [n^'i]  I  part  intens 
{used  with  a  noun  in  the  sing, 
often  in  con  fund  ion  with  omH 
or  eAHKbiii)  not  a  (single); 
Ha  yjiHue  hh  jxymn  there  is 
not    a    soul    in    the    street; 

y  MCHH   Hef    HH    OAHOH  (|)paH- 

uyacKOH  KHHTH  I  have  not  a 
single  French  book; 
W  cf:  HH....    HH...   neither... 
nor...;  hh  h,    hh   oh    hc  no- 
meji  xyAa   neither   he  nor   I 


241  — 


HHK 


went  there;  hh  tot  hh  Apy- 
roH  neither. 

HH  II  [n^i]  forming  part 
of  the  pronouns  HHKaKOH,  hh- 
^ev^,  hhkto,  hhhto  in  conjunc- 
tion with  a  prep:  h  hc  bh- 
AejiCR  HH  c  KeM  I  didn't  see 
anybody;  BCe  sto  hh  k  i^eMy 
it  is  all  no  good;  it  is  all 
xn  vain;  sto  hh  Ha  mto  He 
roAHTCH  it  is  good  for  noth- 
ing; OH  HH  3a  MTO  He  peiiiHT 
sry  sa^aMy  he  will  never 
solve  the  problem. 

HHFAe  [n'igd^e]  adv  no- 
where; ee  —  HeT  she  [it]  is 
not  to  be  found  anywhere. 

HHrepH|eLi  [n^ig^i^r^iyatj, 
-dz]  m  -fiua,  -Hues  Nigerian. 

HHrepHHCK'iHH  [n^ig^'i^r^iy- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Nige- 
rian. 

HHwe  [n'izhi^]  I  cotnp  of 
HH3KHH  &  corresp  adv; 

II  adv  1.  below  {in  a  text); 
2.:  —  no  TeqeHHK)  farther 
down  the  stream; 

III  prep  with  gen  below; 
HHTb  FpaAycoB  ~  HyjiH  five 
degrees  below  zero; 

<>    ~     HberO-Jl.     AOCTOHHCTBa 

beneath  smb's  dignity. 

hhm(h|hji  [n^izhn^'iy]  a  low- 
er {in  position,  elevation, 
rank,  etc);  —hh  STajK  ground 
floor;  — eeTeqeHHe  peKH  lower 
reaches  of  the  river. 

HH3  [n^is,  -z]  m  -a  (-y) 
bottom,  lower  part  {of  a  col- 
umn, etc). 

hhskIhh  [n^isk'iy]  a  -aa, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  hh30k,  -a,  -o, 
-H  (-H)  1.  low  {1)  wall,  ceil- 
ing,   etc;      2)     temperature. 


prices,  etc);  2.  bad,  low,  poor, 
inferior;  3.  base,  mean',  low. 

HH3MeHH0CT|b  [n^iz^'m^iii- 
nas^'t*',  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -eft  low- 
land, depression. 

hh30ct|i.  [n^izas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  -eft  baseness,  meanness; 
3T0  -— b  it  is  despicable. 

hh3ui1hh  [n^ish:iy]  I  superl 

of    HH3KHH; 

II  a  -an,  -ee,  -ne  elementary, 
primary    {education,  etc). 

hhrek  [n^ikak,  -g]  adv:  ^ 
He  in  no  way,  by  no  means; 
—  HejibSH  it  is  quite  impos- 
sible. 

HHKaKJoft  [n^ikAkoy]  pron 
neg  -aH,  -oe,  -ne  no  {with  a 
noun  following);  none;  —  hx 
BOspaH^eHHH  no  objections 
(whatsoever);  «EcTb  B03pa- 
>KeHHH?»  «HHKaKHx!»  "Any 
objections?"  "None  (what- 
ever)!" 

HHKCM    [n^ik^em]    instr  of 

HHKTO. 

HHKorfld     [n^ikAgda]     adv 
never  {not  ever). 
HHKoro    [n^ikAVo]    gen    & 

ace    of   HHKTO. 

HHKOMy    [n^ikAmu]    dat  of 

HHKTO. 

HHKTO    [n^ikto]    pron    neg 

HHKOrO,  HHKOMy,  HHKOro,  HH- 
KCM, HH  o  KOM  nobody,  no 
one;  ero  —  He  BCTpeTHji  no- 
body met  him;  HHKoro  He 
6bijio  AOMa  no  one  was  at 
home;  oh  ne  j\aji  khhfh  HH- 
KOMy H3  HHX  he  gave  the 
book  to  none  of  them;  oh  a 
HH  o  KOM  He  3a66THJiacb  she 
didn't  take  care  of  any- 
body. 


HHK 


—  242 


HHKyAa  [n^ikuda]    adv  no- 
where (to  no  place); 
<>  ~    He   roAHTCfl    it   won't 
do;  -^  He  rOAHUH  worthless, 
useless. 

HHM  [n^im]    I    instr   of  oh 
&  oho;  see  oh; 
II  dat  of  ohh;  see  oh. 

HHMH  [n^im^l]  instr  of 
ohh;  see  oh. 

HHCKOJibKO  [n^iskol^lo]  adv 
not  at  all,  not  in   the  least. 

HHT|Ka  [n^itka]  /  -kh,    -ok 
thread  {used  in  sewing);  Bi;e- 
Baxb    -~Ky    B    HFOJiKy  thread 
a  needle; 
O  Ha  wHByK)  ~Ky  col  hastily. 

HHTJb  [n^t^,  -d^l  /  -h, 
-eft  1.  see  HHTxa;  2,  elect r, 
hot  filament; 

O  ~b  paccKasa  thread  of  a 
story. 

HHx  [n^ikh,-gh]  gen  &  pr 
of  ohh;  see  oh. 

HHwero  I  [n^ich'i'^vo]  col  \ 
adv  so-so,  not  bad; 
II   predic   it  doesn't   matter, 
it's    all    right,  never    mind. 

HHHero  II  [n^'ich^i^vo]  gen 
of  hhmto. 

HHH|eH  [n^ich^ey]  pron  poss 
neg  -bH,  -be,  -bH  nobooiy's, 
no  one's. 

HHHCM  [n^ich^em]    instr  of 

HHMTO. 

HHH€My  [n^'ich^i^mu]  dat 
of  hh»it6. 

hhh|t6  [n'^ishto]  I  pron 
neg  -ero,  -eMy,  -to,  -cm,  hh 
o  MCM  nothing;  anything  {in 
neg  sentences);  ~t6  He  mofjio 
yteiuHTb  ee  nothing  could 
console  her;  y  nero  —ero  Hex 
he   has   nothing,    he   doesn't 


have  anything;  3to  ^cm  ne 
KOHMHjiocb  it  came  to  noth- 
ing; H   He  CnopHJI  C  HHM    HH  0 

MCM     I    didn't     argue     about 

anythin^j  with  him; 

II  as  fl  noun  m  indecl  nought, 

nothing. 

HHHTOWHlbifi  [n^ich^tozh- 
niy]  a  sh  f  HHHioHieH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  insignificant;  paltry. 

HHHyxb  [n^'ich^ut^]  adv  col 
not  a  bit,  not  at  all; 
<>  -^  He  SbiBajio  col  not  at  all. 

HHHb|q  [n^ich^ya]  /  -eft, 
-Hx  sport  a  draw,  drawn 
game. 

HHmeTJa  [n^ish'':i^ta]  /  -b'l 
destitution,  poverty. 

hmii;|hh  [n^ish^iiy]  I  a  -an, 
-ee,  -He,  sh  f    -^,    -a,    -e,  -h 
beggarly,  poverty-stricken; 
II  as  a  noun  h  h  m.|HH  m  -ero, 
-HX  beggar,  mendicant. 

HO  [no]  cj  denoting  contrast, 
restriction,  etc  but;  xoth  y>Ke 
nosflHO,  HO  H  xony  noryjiHTb 
though  it  is  late,  I  want  to 
go  for  a  walk. 

HOBarop  [nAvatar]  m  -a, 
-OB  innovator. 

HOBUH|Ka  [nAv^'inka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  novelty. 

hobhhIok  [nav^ich^ok,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  col  novice,  be- 
ginner, tiro. 

H0B03ejiaHA|ei;  [navaz^i^- 
lan^d^itj,  -4z]  m  -u,a,  -uee 
New  Zealander. 

HOBoaejiaHACKlHH  [navaz^'i^- 
lansk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  New 
Zealand  {attr). 

HOBopo>KAeHH|bifi  [navarAzh- 
dMnnty]  I  a  new-born; 
II     as   a   noun   HOBopo«- 


—  243  — 


HOC 


AeHH|biH  m  -oro,  -bix  new- 
-born  child. 

HOBOceji|be  [navAs^ePya]  n 
-bH,  -HH  house-warming  party. 

H0B0CTp6|HKa  [navAstroy- 
ka]  /  -HKH,  -eK  1.  newly 
erected  building  [works,  etc]; 
2.  new  construction  site. 

HOBOcrlb  [novas^t^,  -z^d''] 
/  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  news, 
tidings;  2,  novelty;  latest 
achievement. 

HOBuiecTBlo  [nofshastva]  n 
-a,  -^    innovation,    novelty. 

HOBlbiH  [noviy]  \  a  sh  f 
^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  new,  nov- 
el, modern; 

II  as  a  noun  h  6  b|o  e  n  -oro: 
HTO  -^-oro?  what's  the  news?; 
<>H6BbiH  rofl New-Year's  day. 

Horjd  [nAga]  /  -h,  ace  Hory, 
pi  HorH,  -~,  -aM  leg  {of  a 
man,  animal);  foot  {of  the  leg); 
<>  HjlTH  /  mararb  b  Hory 
keep  step  /pace  {with);  Bcxaxb 
c  jieBOH  ~H  col  get  out  of 
bed  on  the  wrong  side. 

HorjOTb  [nogat^,  -d^]  m 
-TH,  pi  -TH,  -Teft  nail,  finger- 
-nail;  toe-nail. 

HO)K  [nosh,  -zh]  m  -a,  -efl 
knife;  nepomiHHbiH  ^  pen- 
knife. 

HOiKlKa  [noshka]  /  -kh,  -ck 
1.  dim  of  Hora;  2.  leg  (o/ 
furniture);  3.  60/  stalk. 

HoxcHHUbi  [nozhn^itsi]  pi 
Ho^HHU    (pair    of)    scissors. 

H03flp|a  [nAzdrM]  f  -h,  pi 
H63;ipH,  -eii   nostril. 

HOH  [noy]  see  HbiTb. 

Hoji|b  [nol^]  m  -H,  -eft  & 
Hyjijb  [nuP]  m  -h  -eft  1. 
math   nought,    zero;    2.    nil; 


<>  cBecTH  K  HyjiK)  bring  to 
nought. 

Howep  [nom^ir]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  number  {of 
a  telephone,  ticket,  etc);  2. 
number,  issue  {of  a  period- 
ical); 3.  room  {at  a  hotel, 
etc);  4.  size  {in  clothes,  shoes, 
etc);  5.  turn,  item,  number 
{of  a  concert,  program,  etc); 
6.  fig  col  trick;  BbiKHHyxb  — 
do  /  play  a  trick; 
<>  3T0T  ~  He  npOHflex  col 
that  trick  won't    work  here. 

HOpja  [nAra]/  -bi,  ace  -y,  pi 
Hopbi,  -— ,  HopaM  burrow,  hole. 

HopBe}K|eu  [nArv^ezhatj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ues  Norwegian. 

HOpBeiKCK|HH  [nArv^esh- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Nor- 
wegian. 

H6pM|a  [norma]  /  -bi,  -'  1. 
norm,  standard;  npaBOBbie 
— bi  legal  regulations;  2.  rate, 
quota  {in  production,  etc); 
<>  BOHTH  B  — y  return  to  the 
normal  {routine,  way  of  life, 
size,  etc). 

HopMajibH|biH  [nArmaPnty] 
a  sh  f  HOpMaJien,  -a,    -o,   -bi 

1.  normal,  standard,  regular, 

2.  sane. 

HOC  [nos,  -z]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  nose  {on  the  face 
or  muzzle);  2.  prow  {of  a 
ship,  airplane,  etc);  3.  beak 
{of  a  bird); 

<>     OCTaTbCH     C     --0M     col    ^ 

be  duped;  Bemaxb  ^  col  be 
discouraged;  sa^Hpaxb  ~  col 
put  on  airs;  coBaxb  cboh  ^ 
col  poke  one's  nose,  pry. 

hochjiIkh  [nAs^ilk^i]  pi  -ok 
stretcher,  litter. 


HOC 


—  244 


HOCH^ibmHK  [HAs'^ii^sh'^iik, 
-yl  m  -a,  -ob  porter  {at  a 
station,  etc). 

HOCJHTb  [nAs^it^]  imperf 
HOiiiy,  HccHiub,  p  -HJi.  imp 
-H  \cf  HecTH  1]  1.  carry  {on 
one's  person,  in  one's  hands); 
2.  wear  (/)  clothes,  rings, 
etc;  2)  a  beard,  etc);  3.  bear 
{traces,  marks,  etc); 
<>  ~MTb  Koro-ji.  Ha  pyKax 
^  make  much  of  smb. 

HOc|HTbcsi  [nAs'^ittsa]  im- 
perf HOIliyCb.  HOCHlUbCH,  p 
-HJICH.        -HJiaCb,       imp       -HCb. 

-HTecb  [cf  HecTHCb  1]  1.  move 
along /about  very  quickly; 
move  very  quickly  {along  the 
street,  etc;  about  the  town, 
etc);  2.  col\  —riibCH  c  kcm-ji. 
make  much  of  smb;  —HXbCH 
c  MbicjibKD    cherish    an    idea. 

hockIm  [nAsk^'i]  pi  -6b 
{sing  HOC  I  OK  m  -Ka)  socks 
{short  stockings). 

HocoK  I  see  hockh. 

hoc|6k  II  [nAsok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  toe  {of  the  foot, 
shoe,  etc);  Ha  — Kax  on  tip-toe. 

Horla  I  [nota]  /  -bi,  pi  -u, 
^   1.  mas  note;  2.  pi  music 
{musical  score); 
O  KaK  no  —aiM    like    clock- 
-work. 

HOTJa  II  [nota]  /  -u,  ~ 
dipt   note. 

HOTau,H|fl  [nAtatjiya]  /  -h, 
-H  lecture,  scolding. 

HOHJeBaTb  [nach'^i^vat'^l 
perf  &  imperf  -yvd,  -yeiiib,  p 
-eBaji,  imp  -yft  spend  the 
night. 

HOHjier  [nAch^Pek,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  lodging  for  the  night. 


HOHHOH  [nAch^'noy]  a  night 
{attr). 

HOH|b  [noch**,  -j^]  /  -H, 
-efl  night  {mostly  after  mid- 
night); ocxaibCH  Ha-HOMb  stay 
overnight;  bck)  — b  nanpo- 
Jie?  all  night  through;  b 
ABa  ^aca  — h  at  two  a.m.; 
O  nk  HOHb  before  going  to 
bed;  na  noHb  rjiflAfl  col  at  this 
time  of  night,  so  late  at 
night. 

HOHbK)  [noch^'yu]  adv  at  / 
by   night,  in  the    nighttime. 

Homja  [nosha]  /  -h,  ~ 
burden,  load  {carried  by  a 
person). 

Hoijuy  [nAshu]    see    HOCKTb. 

Hoiiiycb  [nAshus*',    -z^]  see 

HOCHTbCH. 

Hoto  [noyu],  Hoeuib  [no- 
yash,  -zh]  see  HbiTb. 

HOflSplb  [nAyabr^]  m  -a 
November, 

HpaB  [nraf,  -v]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  disposition,  tem- 
per; 2.  {mostly  pi)  morals 
and  manners,  customs. 

HpaB|HTbcn  [nrav^'ittsa] /m- 

perf    -JlHDCb,    -HUJbCH,   p   -HJlCH, 

-HJiacb.  no:HpaBHTbcji  (pAnra- 
v^'ittsa]  perf:  mhc  [hm  u  m.  d.] 
—  HTCH  3T0  I  [they,  etc]  like 
it;  I  am  [they  are.  etc] 
charmed  /  delighted  by  it. 

HpaBCTBeHH|biH  [nrafs^'t'*- 
v^'inniyj  a  sh  f  HpaBCTBCH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  moral  {principles, 
action,  etc). 

Hy)Kflla  [nuzhda]  /  -b'l,  pi 
HyH<Abi,  ~  1.  want,  indi- 
gence, poverty;  ?.  need, 
want,  requirement;  6e3  ~bi 
without  necessity. 


245  — 


HyMCAaJTbCH  [nuzhdattsa] 
imperf  -locb,  -embcn  1.  live  in 
poverty,  be  hard  up;  2.  need, 
want,  require. 

HyHCHO  [nuzhna]  impers 
predic  it  is  necessary;  —  npo- 
MHTaxb  3Ty  ciaTbK)  it  is  nec- 
essary to  read  this  article; 
this  article  must  /  has  to  be 
read;  eMy  [efl  a  m.  d.]  ^ 
npo^iHTaxb  aiy  cxaxbib  it  is 
necessary  for  him  [her,  etc] 
to  read  this  article;  -^  Bce 
CAeJiaTb  K  Benepy  it  is  neces- 
sary that  everything  should 
be  done  by  the  evening;  — 
6biTb  0CT0p6)KHbiM  one  should 
be  careful,  one  ought  to  be 
careful;  Tbi  npocTy^HjiCH?  -^ 
6biJio  Ha^eTb  najibTo  have  you 
caught  cold?  you  should  have 
put  on  your  coat;  MHe  ~' 
HflTii  I  must  /  have  to  go; 
MHe  —  6faiJio  noHTH  Ty^a 
I  had  to  go  there;  I  should 
have  gone  there;  ceroAHH 
BocKpeceHbe,  h  eMy  He  ~ 
npHxoAHTb  today-  is  Sunday 
and  he  need  not  come;  Te6e 
He  —  6biJio  B^epa  npHxoAHXb 
you  needn't  have  come  yes- 
terday; you  shouldn't  have 
come  yesterday;  ^  6bijio 
BHAexb,  KaK  OH  o6paAOBajic5i! 
you  should  have  seen  how 
glad  he  was! 

HyxH|biji  [nuzhniy]  a   sh  f 


Hy>KeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  neces- 
sary; CMy  [eft  u  m.  d.]  ny- 
HieH  3X0X  cjioBapb  [--a  sxa 
KHHra]  he  [she,  etc\  needs 
this  dictionary  [book];  mxq 
BaM  -^0?  what  do  you  want  / 
need?;  eMy  ^o  cxo  pydjieft 
he  wants  /  needs  a  hundred 
roubles;  oh  HyHieH  3Aecb  he 
is  wanted  here. 

Hyjlb  =  H0JIb. 

Hbiji  [nil],  HMjia  [n4l9]    see 

HblXb. 

HblpHyXb    see   HblpHXb. 

Hbip|flTb  [nir^at^]  imperf 
-HK),  -Heuib,'  HMpHJyxb  [nlr- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  dive  {into  water). 

HWTb  [nit^]  imperf  hok), 
Hoeuib,  p  HbiJi,  HbiJia,  imp 
HOH  1.  ache,  hurt;  2,  col 
complain,  belly-ache. 

Hibxjaxb  [n^ukhat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  nOjHibxaxb  [pA- 
n^ukhat^]  perf  smell  [use  the 
sense  of). 

HnHHJHXb  [n'an^ch^'it^l  im- 
perf -y,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp^-H 
nurse,  take  care  of  (a  baby). 

HHHH|HTbcsi  [n^an^'ch^lttsa] 
imperf  -ycb,  -HiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
take  care  {of  babies)-,  2.  col 
fuss  {over). 

HnHJJi  [n^'an^a]  /  -h,  -b  1. 
(dry-)nurse;  2.  col  nurse  {in 
hospital). 


O 


o  I  [o;  in  the  first  pretonic 
position  —  a;  in  the  second 
pretonic      position  —  d],     o6 


[op;  in  the  first  pretonic 
position  —  hh\  in  the  second 
pretonic  position  —  ^h]   in   a 


—  246  — 


stressed  position — op,  6b],  060 
[oba;  in  the  first  pretonic  po- 
sition —  AbA]  prep  I  with  ace 
denoting  contiguity,  collision, 
etc:  YAapHTbCH  tojioboh  o  cie- 
Hy  strike  one's  head  against 
the  wall;  cnoTKHyxbCH  o  Ka- 
MeHb  stumble  over  a  stone; 
onepeTbCH  o  ctoji  lean  on 
the  table;  onepeTbCH  o  ABepb 
lean  against  the  door; 
II  with  pr  denoting  the  object, 
aim  of  a  conversation,  smb's 
solicitude,  etc,  or  the  subject, 
theme  of  a  book,  etc:  ue^raTb 
o  qeM-ji.  dream  of  smth;  3a- 
66THTbCH  o  KOM-Ji.  take  care 
of  smb;  co>KajieTb  o  hcm-ji. 
regret  smth;  KHrira  0  kocmh- 
MecKHX  nyTemecTBHjix  a  book 
on /about  space  travels;  jieK- 
UHH  06  3JieKTpHqecTBe  a  lec- 
ture on  electricity;  ohh 
roBopHJiH  060  MHe  they  spoke 
about  me. 

o'  II  [o]  int  expressing  a 
strong  feeling  or  intensifying 
smth  oh! 

o...,  o5...,  060...,  o6t>... 
pref  of  verbs  denoting  1.  the 
fact  that  the  action  applies 
to  a  number  of  or  many  peo- 
ple, things:  o6eraTb  [Ab^e- 
gat**]  call  on,  see  {many  peo- 
ple, everybody)',  visit,  drop 
in  at  {many  or  all  the  shops); 
2.  the  fact  of  surpassing, 
getting  the  upper  hand:  06- 
cKaKaTb  [ApskAkat^]  outgal- 
lop; o6birpaTb[Abtgrat*']  beat, 
win  a  victory  over  {at  a 
game,  etc);  3.  damage  caused: 
o6BecHTb  [Abv^'es'^it*']  cheat 
(in  weighing);    4.    {with  -ca) 


a  mistake  made:  ocjibimaTbCH 
[AsHshattja]  not  hear  aright, 
mishear;  oroBopHTbCH  [Aga- 
VAr^'ittja]  make  a  slip  (in 
speaking);  5.  the  imparting^ 
of  a  quality,  feature,  etc: 
ocjio>KHHTb  [AslAzhn^'it^]  com- 
plicate, render  complex;  03e- 
jieHHTb  [AZ^iPi^nMt^]  plant 
trees  and  shrubs  {in  a  town, 
street,  etc);  6.  the  perfective 
aspect:  orjioxHyxb  [Aglokh- 
nut^]  perf  of  rjioxHyxb. 

06  see  o  I, 

06...  see  0... 

66a  [oba]  nam  collect  m  & 
n  o66hx,  o66hm,  ■—  (o66hx), 
o66hmh,    (06)    o66hx,    66e  f 

both;      OHH     ^     MOH     ApysbH 

they  are  both  my  friends;  oh 
jik)6ht  o6eHX  Ao^epeft  he 
loves  his  two  daughters; 
<>  o6eHMH  pyKaMH  col  readily, 
eagerly;  CMOTpexb/rJiJiAeTb  b 
~  col  be  on  one's  guard, 
keep  one's  eyes  open. 

o6BHHeHH|e  [Abv'^in^en^iya] 
n  -a,  -H  1.  charge,  accusation; 
no  —K)  B...  on  a  charge  of...; 
2.  law  the  prosecution. 

o6BHHMxeJilb  [Abv^in^'it^il^] 
m  -H,  -eft  law  prosecutor. 

06BHHHXb    see   06BHHHXb. 

oSBHHJflXb  [Abv^in^at'']  /m- 

perf     -HK),     -Heillb,     06BHH|HXb 

[Abv^in^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Hiub, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -it  1.  accuse, 
blame,  put  in  the  wrong; 
2.  law  accuse,  charge,  indict; 
bring  charges  against. 

o6roHH  [AbgAn''i]  imp  of 
o6orHaxb;  see  o6roHHXb. 

oSroHH)  [AbgAn^'u],  o6r6- 
HHiiib  [Abgon^ish,  -zh]  1st  Sc 


247  — 


o6e 


2nd  persons  of    o6orHaTb;  see 

06r0HHTb. 

o6roH]HTb  [AbgAn^at^]  im- 
perf  -HK),  -Heiiib,  oSorHJaTb 
[AbAgnat^]  perf  o6roHK),  06- 
roHHiub,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
-ajiH,  imp  o6roHH  1.  outrun, 
outspeed,  outdistance,  out- 
strip; leave  behind,  pass;  2. 
fig  outstrip. 

oSAyMaxb  see   o6AyMbiBaTb. 

o6flyMbiB|aTb  [Abdumivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  o6flylMaTb 
[Abdumat'']  perf  -aio,  -aeuib 
consider,  think  over. 

66e  [6b ^1]  num  f  o6eHx, 
o6eHM,  —•  (o6eHx),  o6eHMH, 
(06)  o6eHX  see  66a. 

o6eA  [Ab^et,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
dinner;  SBanbiH  ^  dinner- 
-party;NAo  ~-a  before  dinner; 
in  the  morning;  n6cjie  -~-a 
after  dinner;  in  the  afternoon. 

o6eA|aTb  [Ab^edat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  noioSeflaTb  [pA- 
Ab^edat'']  perf  have  one's 
dinner,  dine. 

o6e3...,  o0ec...  pref  of 
verbs  denoting  deprivation  of 
smth,  freeing  of  smth:  o6e366- 
jiHTb  [Ab^'i^zboi^It^]  anaesthe- 
tize; o6ecKp6BHTb  [Ab^i^skro- 
v^it^]  drain  of  blood,  bleed 
white. 

o6e3BpeflHTb     see    o6e3Bpe- 

JKHSaib. 

oSesBpemHBJaTb  [Ab^i^z- 
vr'^ezhtvat^}  imperf  -aio, 
-aemb,  o6e3Bpe;i|HTb  [Ab'^i^z- 
vr^ed^'it'']  perf  o6e3Bpe>Ky, 
-Huib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -b  render 
harmless. 

o6e3bflH|a  [Ab^'i^z^'yana]  / 
-ti,  -'  monkey,  ape. 


o6eH  [Ab^ey]  imp  of  o6HTb; 
see  o6HBaTb. 
*o6epHyTb  see  o6epTbiBaTb. 
o6epHyTbCJi     see     o6opaqH- 

BaTbCH. 

o6epTbiB|aTb  [Ab^6rtiv9t^l 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  o6epH|yTb 
[Ab^i^^rnuf]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  1.  wrap  up,  do 
up  in  a  wrapping;  2.  fig 
turn  {change  the  trend  of); 
o6epHyTb  B  CBOK)  n6jib3y  turn 
to  account  /  to  one's  own  ad- 
vantage; 

<>  oSepHyxb  Koro-Ji.  Bonpyr 
najibi^a  col  twist  smb  round 
one's  little  finger. 

oSecneHeHH  ]  e  [  Ab^'i^sp^ech^i- 
n^iya]  n  -a.  1.  providing 
{with),  supplying  {with);  2. 
guaranteeing,  securing;  ~e 
MHpa  safeguarding  of  peace; 
3.  maintenance  {by  the  state, 
etc);  4.    guarantee,    security. 

o6ecneMeHHbiH  [Ab^i^sp^e- 
ch^innly]    a    [pa]  well-to-do. 

o6ecneHHB|aTb  [Ab^i^sp'^e- 
ch^'ivat*']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
o^ecnenlHTb  [Ab^i^sp^ech^if] 
perf  -y,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -b 
1.  provide  {with),  supply 
{with);  provide  for  {smb);  2. 
secure,  ensure,  guarantee; 
o6ecneMHTb  MHp  bo  bccm  MHpe 
ensure  world  peace. 

o6eccHJi|eTb  [Ab^i^s^sM- 
l^it^]  perf  -eio,  -eeiub  lose 
strengh,  grow  weak. 

o6eu;aHHle  [Ab^'i^sh^ia- 

n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  promise  {to 
do  smth);  KJiHTBCHHoe  —  e 
oath;  ASTb  — e  promise,  make 
a  promise;  cACpHcaTb  /  bu- 
noJiHHTb  ~e  keep  a  promise. 


o6e 


248  — 


o6em|aTb  [Ab**i^sh^:at^] 
perf  &  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib 
promise. 

o6}Ka;iloBaTb  [Abzhalavat'*] 
perf  -yK),  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yft  lodge  a  complaint 
against. 

odweHb  see  o6>KHraTb. 

o6)KHr|aTb  [Abzhigat**]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  o6>Ke4b  [Ab- 
zhech'']  perf  o6oHcry,  060- 
>K>Keiiib,  p  o6>Ker,  o6o>Krjia, 
imp  o6o>KrH  1.  burn,  scorch, 
scald;  2.  bake  {bricks,  pot- 
tery, etc). 

0636P  [Abzor]  m  -a,  -ob 
survey  {of  a  subject)',  review 
{of  events,  etc). 

o6HB|aTb  [Ab^'ivaf]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  o6H|Tb  [Ab^it''] 
perf  o6o6bK),  o6o6beiiib,  p  -ji, 
imp  o6eH  upholster  {furni- 
ture)', ~aTb  jKejieaoM  bind 
with  iron. 

o6HBlKa  [Ab^'ifka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  upholstering  {the  pro- 
cess of)',  2.  upholstery. 

o6MA|a  [AbMda]  /  -bi,  ~ 
1.  offence,  insult,  injury; 
HanecTH  --y  komv-ji.  offend 
smb,  hurt  smb's  feelings;  2. 
resentment,  grudge;  6biTb  b 
~e  Ha  Koro-ji.  bear  smb  a 
grudge;  aaiaHib  — y  nurse  a 
grudge; 

<>  HC  B  —  y  6yflb  CKasaHO 
col  no  offence  meant;  He 
Aaxb  ce6fl  b  ~y  stand  up 
for  oneself. 

o6HiieTb  see  o6H>KaTb. 

odHACTbcn  see  o6H>KaTbca. 

o6H}K!aTb  [Ab''izhat''J  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  oSiijileTb 
(Ab''id'*it''J  pe/-/o6H>Ky, -Huib, 


p  -e;i,  imp  -b  1.  offend,  hurt 
smb's  feelings;  2.  col  treat 
badly  and  unjustly. 

o6H>K|aTbCJ!  [Ab^'izhattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  o6h- 
fl|eTbCJi      [Ab^'id^ittja]      perf 

06H>KyCb,     -HlUbCH,     p      -ejlCH, 

-ejiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -biecb  take 
offence,  feel  hurt;  be  offend- 
ed, feel  angry. 

o6HJibH|biH  [Ab^fl^niy]  a 
sh  f  o6HJieH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  abun- 
dant ,  plentiful. 

o6HTb  see  o6HBaTb. 

oSKpaAy  [ApkrAdu],  o6Kpa- 
Acuib  [ApkrAd**6sh,  -zh]  1st 
&  2nd  persons  of  o6oKpacTb; 
see  o6KpaAbiBaTb. 

o6KpaAbiB|aTb  [Apkradivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  060- 
Kp|acTb  [AbAkras^'t'']  perf 
o6KpaAy,  o6Kpa;ieiiib,  p  -aji 
rob  (a  house,  etc)',  ero  o6o- 
Kpa;iH  he  had  all  his  things 
stolen. 

o6jiaB|a  [Ablava]  /  -bi,  — 
round-up  {of  suspected  per- 
sons, etc). 

oSjiaAlarb  [AbUdat^l  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib  possess, 
have;  '^axb  xopouiHM  3ao- 
p©BbeM  enjoy  good  health. 

66jiaK|o  [oblaka]  n  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  cloud  {in  the  sky); 
noKpbiBaTbCH  --aMH  be  over- 
cast; 

<>  BHTaxb  B  ^dx  be  up  in 
the  clouds. 

o6jiacTH6H  [AblAsnoy]  a 
regional,  district  {attr). 

66jiacT|b  [oblas^'t'',  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  region, 
district  {part  of  a  country); 
2.  field,  province,  sphere. 


—  249 


o6m 


oCjiaHHJbift  [obbch^niy]  a 
sh  f  66jiaqeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
cloudy  {day,  etc). 

ofijierHlaTb  [AbPi^khch^at**] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  oSjier- 
KiHTb  [Abl^i^khchMt'']  perf 
-y,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1. 
lighten  {the  weight,  etc); 
2.  facilitate,  make  easier/ 
easy;  3.  relieve  {pain);  alle- 
viate {sufferings,  etc). 

o6jiefleH }  exb  [  Abl^id^'i^n^et*'] 
perf  -eio,  -eeuib  become  cov- 
ered with  ice. 

o6jiHB|aTb  [Abl^ivat^]  im- 
perf -aio.  -aeiub,  o6jiiHTb 
[AbPit**]  perf  o6ojihV),  o6ojib- 
eiub,    p    66jiiiji   (-HJi),    -HJia, 

66J1HJI0  (-HJI0),  66JIHJIH  (-HJIH), 

imp  -efl  pour  {water,  etc)  over 
{smb,  smth);  o6;iHTb  ctoji  Mep- 
HHJiaMH  spill  ink  on  the 
table; 

<>  -—axb  rpnsbK)  kofo-ji.  col 
sling  mud  at-  smb;  o6jiMTb 
npespeHHCM  col  treat  with 
scorn. 

o6jiHrau,H|ji  [Abl^^igatjiya] 
/  -H,  -H  bond  {of  a  state 
loan,  etc). 

66jihk  [obl^ik,  -g]  m  -a 
1.  appearance,  look;  j2.  cast 
of  mind;  MOpajibHbiH  ^  mor- 
al make-up. 

odjiHTb  see  odjiHsarb. 

o6jiHq|aTb  [Abl''ich''at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  oSjiHHlHTb 
[Abl^ichMt^]  perf  -y,  -riuib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  expose  and 
condemn,  denounce. 

o6ji6}K|Ka  [Abloshka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  cover,  wrapper;  folder, 
dust-cover. 

o6jiOKaHHB|aTbCfl     [AbUka- 


ch'^ivattja]       imperf     -aKx:b, 

-aeiUbCH,    06jl0K0T|MTbC51    [Ab- 

bkAt^ittsa]  perf  o6jioKOHycb, 

06jI0K6THUIbC5I  (-HlUbCH),  p 
-HJICH,        -HJiaCb,        imp      -HCb, 

-Hiecb  lean  one's  elbows 
{on);  He  —aTbcn!  no  lean- 
ing! 

oGjiomIck  [Ablomak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  pi  -KH,  -KOB  1.  fragment 
{of  smth  broken);  2.  pi  de- 
bris, wreckage. 

o6MaH    [Abman]    m  -a,  -ob 
fraud    deception;  deceit; 
<>  ^  speHHJi  optical  illusion. 

c6MaHyTb  see   o6MaHbiBaTb. 

o6MaH4HBlbiH  [Abman^ch^'i- 
vty]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
deceptive,  deceitful,  deceiv- 
ing. 

oSMaHbiBlaxb  [Abmaniv9t'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  oSMaHlyxb 
[AbmAnut^j  perf  -y,  o6Ma- 
Heiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  deceive; 
cheat,  swindle;  o6MaHyTb 
Hbe-Ji.  AOBepne  betray  smb's 
trust;  oSManyTb  HbH-ji.  na- 
Ae^Aw  disappoint  smb's 
hopes. 

oSMejiexb  see  Mejiexb. 

o6MeH  [Abm^'en]  m    -a,  -ob 
exchange      {of     commodities, 
greetings,  etc); 
O   ~  eemecxB  metabolism. 

o6MeHHB|axbCfl  [Abm'en**i- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  o(5MeHlflxbc«  [Abm^i^- 
n'^attsa]  perf  -Hiocb,  -HeiubcH 
exchange  {opinions,  greetings, 
etc);  o6MeHHTbCH  Bneqaxjie- 
HHHMH  share  one's  impres- 
sions. 

66MopoK  [obmarak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  faint,  fainting-fit. 


o6m 


250  — 


oeMyHflHpoBaHHJe  [Abmun^- 
d^'irAvan^iya]  n  -h,  -h  uni- 
form. 

o6Harji|eTb  [AbnAgl^et^] 
perf  -eio,  -eeiub  become  inso- 
lent /  brazen. 

o6Hap6flloBaTb  [AbnAroda- 
vat^]  perf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -o- 
BaJi,  imp  -yft  promulgate, 
make  public. 

o6»apyiKHB|aTb  [AbnAruzhi- 
vat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
o6HapyjK|HTb  [AbnAruzhit^] 
perf  -y,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji,  imp  -b 
1.  find,  discover,  detect;  2. 
display,  reveal,  show;  —aib 
CBOib-  paj^ocTb  betray  one's 
joy. 

o6HHM|aTb  [Abn^imat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  o6H|flTb 
[Abn^'at*']  perf  -HMy,  -HMeiiib, 
p  66hhji,  -Jijia,  66HJ1JIO,  66- 
HHJiH,  imp  -HMH  embrace, 
clasp  in  the  arms;  put  one's 
arms  round. 

o6HHM|aTbC5i  [Abn^imattja] 
irj^perf  -aKx:b,  -aeiiibCH,  c6- 
HJnTbCfl       [Abn^attja]       perf 

-HMyCb,  -HMeUIbCH,  p  -HJICH 
(-HJICH),  -HJiaCb,  -HJlOCb,  -H- 
JlHCb,    imp      -HMHCb,     -HMHTeCb 

embrace,  hug  one  anoth- 
er. 

06HflTb   see   06HHMaTb. 
06HHTbCfl     see     06HHMaTbCH. 

o6o  see  o  I. 

o6o...   see  o... 

o6o6m|aTb  [AbApsh'':at'*] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  o6o6m|HTb 
[AbApsh^.it'']  perf  -y,  -HUJb, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  generalize, 
summarize. 

c6o6bib  [AbAb^'yu],  o6o6b- 
eujb  [AbAb*'y6sh,    -zh]    1st  & 


2nd    persons    of    o6iiTb;    see 

06HBaTb. 

oScraTHTb    see    oSoramaxb. 

o6oramiaTb  [AbagAsh^.at''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  o6ora- 
TJHTb  [AbagAt^it^]  perf  o6o- 
ramy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
1.  enrich  {one's  experience, 
knowledge,  etc);  2.  concen- 
trate, dress  {ore,  etc). 

o6orHaTb  see  o6roHHTb. 

oScFH^Tb  see  orHCaxb. 

o6ojpHTb  see  o6oflpHTb. 

o6o;ip!flTb  [AbAdr^^t^]  im- 
perf    -5§IO,     -HeiUb,    060Ap|HTb 

[AbAdr^it^]  perf  -k),  -Hiub,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  encourage,  reas- 
sure. 

o6o«laTb  [AbAzhat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb  adore,  wor- 
ship. 

oSoKPH  [AbAzhg'']]  imp  of 
o6>KeMb;  see  o6}KHraTb. 

o6o)Krjia  [AbAzhgla]  p  of 
o6>KeHb;  see  o6>KHr^Tb. 

o6o)Kry  [AbAzhgu],  o6o- 
)K>Keuib  [AbAzh:6sh,  -zh]  Jst 
&  2nd  persons  of  o6»^eqb;  see 
ofijKHraTb. 

o6o3HaHiaTb  [AbaznAch^'at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  o6o3Ha- 
HJHTb  [j\bAznach^it^]  perf  -y, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1.  de- 
signate, mark  (out);  2.  {no 
perf)  mean,  signify. 

o6o3peBaTejilb  [Abazr^i^va- 
t^il'']  m  -H,  -eH  reviewer; 
observer  {of  a  newspaper, 
etc). 

o6o3peHHle  [AbAzr^'en^'iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  review  {literary, 
critical,  etc);  2.  theat    revue. 

o66|h  [Ab6i]  pi  -es  wall- 
paper. 


—  251  — 


o6p 


o66hm  [Aboim]  dat  of  66a. 

o66hmh  [Aboim^'i]  instr  of 
66a. 

o66hx  [Aboikh,  -gh]  gen, 
ace  &  pr  of  66a. 

060HTH  see  o6xoAHTb. 

060HTHCb   see  06x0AHTbCH. 

o6oKpacTb     see     o6kp  aAW- 

BBTb. 

o6oji64|Ka  [AbAloch^ka]  / 
-KH,  -eK  1.  cover,  jacket; 
2,  technol  jacket,  casing; 
3.:  cjiii3HCTaH  ~Ka  anat  mu- 
cous membrane. 

o6ojibK)  [AbAl^yu],  o6ojib- 
euib  [AbAPyosh,  -zh]  1st  & 
2nd    persons    of   o6jiHTb;    see 

06jIHBaTb.. 

o6oH^HH|e  [AbAn^an^iya]  n 
-H  sense  of  smell. 

o0onpHCb  [AbApr^is^,  -z^], 
o6onpHTecb  [AbApr^it^is^,  -z*"] 
imp   of   onepeTbca;    see  ohh- 

paTbCH. 

o6onpycb  [AbAprus**,  -z^], 
o6onpeiiibC5i  [AbApr'6shs^9] 
1st  &  2nd  persons  of  onepexb- 
ch;  see  onHpaxbcn. 

oSopaHHBJaTbCM  [AbArach^i- 
V9ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiib- 
CH,  o6epH|yTbC5i  [Ab^i^rnu- 
ttja]  perf  -ycb,  -euibCH,  p 
-yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hiecb  turn  (rouad),  turn  one's 
head. 

o6opBaTb  see  o6pbiBaTb, 

oSopoHJa  [AbArona]  /  -u 
1.  defence;  2.  mil  defensive 
position;  defences. 

oSopoT  [AbArot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  revolution,  turn;  2. 
econ  turnover;  3.  turn  (of 
speech),  phrase;  4.:  Ha  ~e 
pn  the  back  {of  a  page);  cm. 


Ha  — e  P.T.O.  (please,  turn 
over); 

O   AeJIO     npHH5IJI0    AypHOM    — 

the  affair  took  a  bad  turn; 
BSJiTb  B  ~  col  put  to  task. 

o6opyAOBaHH|e  [AbAruda- 
van^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  equip- 
ping, equipment;  2.  equip- 
ment, furnishings,  machinery. 

o6ocHOBaHH|e  [AbasnAva- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  substantia- 
tion {of  a  theory,  etc);  2.  rea- 
son, basis,  ground. 

oSocHloBaTb  [AbasnAvat^] 
perf  -yib,  -yeiiib,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yft  substantiate  {a  the- 
ory, argument,  etc). 

o6ocTpeHH|e  [AbAstr^en^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  aggravation  {of  con- 
tradictions, etc). 

oSocTpHTb  see  060CTpHTb. 

060CTpHTbCSI  see  060CTpHTb- 
CH. 

o6ocTplflTb  [AbAstr^at^] /m- 
perf  -HK),  -Hemb,  o6ocTplMTb 
[AbAstr^it^]  perf  -kd,  -Hiub,  p 
-Hji,  imp  -H  sharpen,  bring 
to  a  head;  aggravate  {contra- 
dictions, etc);  —  HTb  OTHome- 
HHH  strain  the  relations. 

o6ocTp|flTbCfl  [AbAstr^a- 
ttsa]  imperf  -hctch,  060- 
CTplHTbCfl  [AbAstr'^ittsa]  perf 
^HTCH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb  1.  be- 
come more  sensitive  {of  the  or- 
gans of  perception);  2.  become 
aggravated,  become   acute. 

o6oK)AH|biH  [AbAyudniy]  a 
sh  f  o6oibAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  mu- 
tual, reciprocal;  no  ~0My 
corjiacHK)  by  mutual  consent. 

o6pa6aTbiBlaTb  [AbrAbati- 
vat^j  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
oSpaSoTlaxb  [AbrAb6tat^]  perf 


o6p 


252  — 


-aio,  -a«mb  1.  work  (up),  pro- 
cess (a  material  for  use);  treat 
{with  a  chemical  agent,  etc); 
2.  till,  cultivate;  3.  col  work 
on,  influence  {a  person,  etc); 
perf  also  persuade,  get  (a  per- 
son) to  think  [act]  in  a  cer- 
tain way. 

oSpaAOBaTb  see  pajiOBaTb. 

o6paAOBaTbC5i  seepaAoeaTb- 

CH. 

66pa3  [6br9s,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  image  {in  the  mind);  2. 
mode,  manner;  ~  >kh3hh 
way/  mode  of  life;  3.:  KaKHM 
~0M?  how?;  HHKOHM  ~0M  by 
no  means;  HaAJieHcamHM  ~om 
in  the  proper  way,  prop- 
erly. 

oGpaalei;  [AbrAz^etj,  -dz] 
m  -u,a,  -uoB  1.  sample,  spe- 
cimen; HOBeftmero  ~ua  of 
the  latest  pattern;  2.  stand- 
ard, model,  pattern  {to  be 
imitated). 

o6pa30BaHH|e  I  [AbrazAva- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  formation 
{the  process  of). 

o6pa30BaHH|e  II  [AbrazAva- 
n*'iy9]  n  -h  education  {sys- 
tematic instruction);  HapoA- 
Hoe  ~e  public  education. 

o6pa36BaHH|MH  [AbrAZova- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  o6pa36BaH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  (well-)educated. 

o6pa30BaTb  see  oSpasoBbi- 
saTb. 

o6pa30BaTbC5i    see    o6pa36- 

BblSaTbCH. 

o6pa36BbiB|aTb  [AbrAzovt- 
vat*"]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  o6- 
paajoBaTb  [AbrazAvaf*]  perf  & 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -OBaji, 
imp    -yii    1.    form,  organize, 


set  up  (a  committee,  etc);  2. 
make  up,  constitute. 

o6pa36BbiB|aTbC5i  [AbrAZo- 
vivattja]  imperf  -aeica,  o6- 
pasloBaTbCM  [AbrazAvattja] 
perf  &  imperf  -yercji,  p  -o- 
BajiCH,  -©Bajiacb  form,  ap- 
pear; be  generated  {come 
into  being). 

o6pa3yMJHTbCsi  [AbrAzum^i- 
ttja]  perf  -jiiocb,  -HuibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -b- 
Tecb  col  come  to  see  reason, 
come  to  one's  senses. 

cSpasuoBWH  [AbrAstjoviy]  a 
model  {attr),  exemplary. 

o6paTHTb  see  o6pamaTb. 

o6paTMTbCfl  see  o6pamaTb- 
CH    1. 

o6paTHO  [Abratna]  adv 
back,  backwards;  xyAa  h  — - 
there  and  back;  noesAKa  xyAa 
H  ^  round  trip. 

o6paTH|biH  [Abratniy]  1.  re- 
verse {motion,  etc);  return 
{ticket,  etc);  --bift  nyxb  return 
journey,  way  back;  2.  oppo- 
site {direction,  meaning,  etc). 

oGpamlaTb  [AbrAsh^.af] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  o6paTlHTb 
[AbrAt^'it^j  perf  odpamy, 
-riiiib,  p  -HA,  imp  -H  1.  turn 
{one's  eyes,  etc,  on,  to);  2. 
convert  {to  another  belief,  etc); 
3.  convert  {into),  turn  {into); 
<>  ~aTb  B  GercTBO  put  to 
flight;  ~aTb  Ha  ceSa  BHHMa- 
HHc  attract  attention. 

oGpamjaTbCJi  lAbrAsh'*:a- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
o6paT|HTbC5i  [AbrAt^'ittja] 
perf  oGpamycb,  -HUibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb    i.    apply   {for    help. 


253  — 


o6c 


etc);  address  {^b)\  2.  {no 
per})  treat  {a  person  or  ani- 
mal in  a  specified  manner); 
•— axbCH  c  KCM-Ji,  xopomo 
[njioxp]  treat  smb  well  [bad- 
ly]; 3.  {no  perf)  handle,  op- 
erate; 

<>  —axbCJi  B  6ercTBo  take 
to  one's  heels,  beat  a  hasty 
retreat. 

o6paiu,eHH|e  [AbrAsh^.e- 
n^'iyg]  n  -h,  -h  1.  address 
{a  speech);  appeal  {to  the  peo- 
ple, etc);  2.  treatment  {of 
people,  animals);  3.  handling 
{of  tools,  appliances,  etc);  4. 
circulation  {of  commodities, 
etc);  5.  ling  address. 

o6pe3aTb  see  oSpeaaxb. 

oSpeslarb  [Abr^i^zat'']  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  oSpes'iaTb 
[Abr^'ezat^]  perf  o6pe>Ky,  o6- 
pe>Kemb,  p  -aji>  imp  o6pe>Kb 
1.  cut  off;  clip,  pare;  2.  {no 
imperf)  col  snub,  rebuff. 

oSpeKJaxb  [Abr^'i^kat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  oSpelnb 
[Abr^'ech^]  perf  -Ky,  -Meuib,  p 
d^pcK,  -K;ia,  imp  kh  doom, 
destine;  ~axb  Ha  .HeyAany 
doom  to  failure. 

66pyH  [obruch^,  -j^]  m  -a, 
pi  -H,  -eft  hoop  (a  circular 
band). 

o6pyuiHBlaxbC5i  [Abrushiva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
o6pyuilHXbC5i  [AbrushUtja] 
perf  -ycb,  -Huibcji,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  1. 
collapse,  fall  in,  cave  in;  2. 
fig  befall  {of  misfortunes);  3. 
fig  col  pounce  {upon),  attack. 

odpuB  [Abrff,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
precipice. 


o6pbiB|axb  [Abrtvat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  o6opB|axb 
[AbArvat^]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p 
-aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp 
-H  1.  tear  off  {leaves,  etc); 
pluck,  pick;  2.  break  {a  wire, 
etc);  3.  fig  col  cut  short; 
snub,  rebuff. 

o6pflfl  [Abr^at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-08  rite,  ceremony. 

oScjieAloBaxb  [Aps^'l^eda- 
V8t^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -oBa.T,  imp  -yft 
inspect,  inquire  into;  exam- 
ine {a  patient). 

o6cjiy>KHBaHH|e  [Apsluzht- 
van^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  service 
{in  a  restaurant,  hotel,  etc; 
medical,  etc);  2.  maintenance, 
servicing  {of  cars,  etc). 

o6cjiyjKHB|axb  [Apsluzht- 
vat^l  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
o6cjiy>K|HTb  [Apsluzh+t**]  perf 
-y  o6cjiy>KHmb,  p  -ilji,  imp 
-H  1.  serve,  attend  to;  cater 
for;  2.  (no  perf)  operate  {ma- 
chine-tools, etc). 

o6cxaH6BK|a  [ApstAnofka]  / 
-H  1.  furniture  {in  a  room, 
etc);  2,  conditions,  situatioii; 
B  ~-e  ;ipy>K6bi  in  an  atmos- 
phere of  friendship. 

oScxoflxejibcxBlo  [ApstAya- 
t^il^stva]  n  -a,  —  1.  circum- 
stance {an  external  condition); 
no  ceMeHHbiM  ~aM  for  fami- 
ly /  domestic  reasons;  hh  npH 
KaKHX  —ax  under  no  circum- 
stances, in  no  case;  2.  ling 
adverb;  adverbial  modifier 
{of  place,  time,  etc); 
O  CMOxpfl  no  ~aM  it  depends; 
npH  xaKOM  cxeHCHHM  '-'  in 
.such  a  contingency. 


o6c 


254 


oScTojflTb  [ApstAyat^]  im- 
perf  -ht:  KaK  --ht  ^eJia?  how 
do  matters  stand?;  KaK  ~«t 
BauiH  Ae^ia?  how  are  you  get- 
ting on?;  Bce  ~ht  6jiarono- 
jiyqHo  all  is  well. 

o6cTpeji  [Apstr^el]  m  -a 
mil  firing,  fire;  shelling. 

o6cTpejiHB|aTb  [Apstr'^el^i- 
vat**]  imperf  -aK),  -aeiiib, 
o6cTpejil«Tb  [Apstr^i^l^af^] 
perf  -HK),  -jieuib  fire  at;  shell; 
machine-gun. 

o6cyfl,HTb  see  o6cyH<AaTb, 

o6cy)KA|aTb  [Apsuzhdat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  o6cyA|HTb 
[Apsud^it^]  per/  o6cy>Ky,  06- 
cyAHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  discuss; 
consider  {the  pros  and  cons); 
debate  {smth). 

oSyejb  [obuf'',  -v^l  /  -h 
foot-wear;  shoes,  boots. 

o6y3AaTb  see  o6y3flbiBaTb. 

oSyaAbiBJaTb  [Abuzdtvat^] 
imperf  -aw,  -aeiub,  odyBAJaTb 
[Abuzdat^]  perf  -an),  -aeuib 
curb,  restrain,  keep  in  check. 

oSycjioBHTb  see  o6yc;i6BJiH- 
Baib. 

o6ycji6BjiHB|aTb  [Abuslov- 
Pivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
qSycjiOBlHTb  [Abusl6v''it'']jc7er/ 
-JiK),  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1. 
stipulate,  make  a  reservation 
for;  2.  condition,  determine; 
cause,  bring  about,  call 
forth;  make  for  {some  develop- 
ment, etc). 

o6y4|aTb  [Abuch'^at*'] /mper/ 
-ara,  -aeiub,  o6yH|HTb  [Abu- 
ch^'it^l  perf  -y,  o6yqHmb,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  teach,  instruct, 
train. 

o6y4eHH|e  [Abuch''en'*iy9]  n 


-H  instruction,  training;  Bce- 
66mee  o6H3aTejibHoe  —e  uni- 
versal compulsory  education. 

oSyHHTb  see  o6yqaTb. 

o6x6a  [Apkhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  round  {of  a  watchman, 
etc);      2.      roundabout    way; 

3.  mil    turning     movement. 
o6xoA|HTb  [ApkhAd^'it'*]  f/n^ 

perf  o6xo>Ky,  o6xoAHUjb,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H,  O0OHJTM  [AbAyf^i] 
perf  -Ay,  -Aeuib,  p  o6omeji, 
o6oiijJia,  imp  -ah  1.  go  /  pass 
round,  round;  mil  turn  (a 
flank);  2.  give  a  wide  berth 
to;  3.  make  one's  round(s) 
{of  a  doctor,  watchman,  etc); 

4.  spread  (all  over)  (0/  news, 
etc);  5.  fig  avoid,  leave  out; 
pass  over  (a  question,  ete); 
6.  col  outspeed. 

o6xoA|MTbCH  [ApkhAd^ittsa] 
imperf  o6xoHcycb,   oSxoAHiiib- 

CR^  p  -HACH,    -HJiaCb,  imp  -HCb, 

-Hxecb,  o6oH|THCb  [AbAyt'^is''] 
perf  -Aycb,  -AeuibCH,  p  060- 
me/iCH,  o6oiiijiacb,  imp  -AHCb, 
-AHxecb  1.  treat  {smb  in  a 
specified  manner);  2.  col  cost, 
come  {to);  3.  manage  {with), 
do  {with);  — HTbCH  6e3  do 
without. 

o6iLiHpHlbiH  [Apshtrniy]  a 
s/i /o6uiHpeH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  vast, 
extensive  (a/so //g);  ~oe  3Ha- 
KOMGTBO  numerous  acquaint- 
ances. 

06  me...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting  1.  'com- 
mon','single':  *o6meropoACK6H 
[6psh'':igarAtjk6y]  all-city 
{attr);  townspeople's;  2.  'con- 
cerning everybody',  'charac- 
teristic of  everybody':  o6me- 


—  255  — 


oC-b 


o6H3aTejibHbift  [6psh^:iAb^i^za- 
t^il^nty]  compulsory  for  all; 
o6menpH3HaHHbiH  [Apsh^'ii^- 
pr'iznaniy]  universally  re- 
cognized. 

o6me)KHTH|e  [Apsh^:i^zhi- 
t^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  hostel  {for 
students,  etc);  2.  everyday 
life. 

06lU,eH3BeCTHlbIH       [Apsh^.i- 

izv^esniy]  a  sh  f  o6meH3Be- 
CTCH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  well-known, 
generally  known. 

oSmcHapoAHibiH  [Apsh^.inA- 
rddniy]  a  sh  f  06meHap6;ieH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  public,  national 
{property,  cause,  etc). 

o6meHH|e  [Apsh^ien^'iya]  n 
-H  (social)  intercourse;  nm- 
Hoe  -—e    personal    conl)act(s). 

o5mecTBeHHHK  [Apsh^'.es^t^- 
v^m^k,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  pub- 
lic-spirited person;  public 
worker. 

©SmecTBeHHocT'ib  [Apsh^:e- 
s^t^v^inas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h 
eommunit^y,  public;  public  or- 
ganizations; public  opinion. 

o6mecTBeHH|biH  [Apsh^:e- 
s^t^v^iniy]  a  1.  public,  social; 
—biH  CTpOH  social  system;  2. 
common  {animal  husbandry, 
etc). 

66mecTB|o  [6psb'':istv9]  n 
-a,  --  1.  society  {l)a  group 
of  people;  2)  a  social  system); 
2.  econ  company. 

66ii;|hh  [6psh':iy]  a  -aa, 
-ee,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -e,  -h 
1.  common  {property,  inter- 
ests, etc);  general  {princi- 
ples, crisis,  etc);  —  hh  3HaK6- 
MbiH     mutual     acquaintance; 

~HMH  CHJiaMH   [yCHJIHHMH]  by 


joint  efforts;  2.  total  {sum, 
etc); 

<>  ~ee  MecTO  commonplace; 
B  -~eM  on  the  whole;  b  ~eH 
cjioJKHOCTM  in  sum;  He  Hwexb 
HHHero  --ero  c...  have  noth- 
ing in  common  with...;  have 
nothing  to  do  with...;  bear 
no  resemblance  to... 

o6mMTejibHlbiH[Apsh^:it^iP 
niy]  a  sh  f  o6inHTejieH,  -a 
-o,  -bi  sociable,  companiable 

66mHocT|b  [6psh^:n9s^t^ 
-z^d'^]  /  -H  community  {of  in 
teres ts,  ownership,  etc). 

o6t>...  see  o... 

oSTjeAHHeHlMbiH  [Abyid^i- 
n^onnty]  a  [pa]  sh  f  ^,  0611- 
eflHHeHa,  ofi-bCAHHeHo,  0611- 
eAHHeHbi  united  {forces,  ete); 
amalgamated  {organizations); 
joint  {command,  etc);  combin- 
ed  {efforts,  etc). 

oS-besHHeHHle  [Abyid^'in^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  unification 
{the  process  of);  amalgama- 
tion^ merger,  joining  up;  2.  un- 
ion, society. 

o^-bCflHHHTb  see  oS-beAHHHTb. 

o6T>eAHHHTbC5i    see   oS-beAH- 

HHTbCH. 

oe-bejiHHlHTb  [Abyid^in^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  06'beflH- 
HJHTb  [Abyid^in^it^j  perf  -10, 
-Hiiib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  unite 
{people, etc);  SLxm Igamate {com- 
panies, etc);  pool  {resources, 
etc);   combine  {efforts,  etc). 

oSTjejiMHlflTbCfl  [Abyid^i- 
n^attsa]  /mper/ -Hiocb, -nemb- 
CH,  oS-bejiHHlHTbCJi  [Abyid^i- 
n^'ittja]  perf  -ibcb.  -HiiibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -Hjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -h- 
xecb  unite,  join  hands  {with). 


od-b 


256 


od-besAHTb  see  oe-beamaTb  1. 

oS-besjKlaTb  [Abyi^zh^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  oSbea- 
fllHTb  [Abyez^d^it^]  per/  o6b- 
eajKy,  -Hiub,  /?  -hji,  o6'bex|aTb 
[Abyekbat^]  perf  oe-beay, 
oSbeAeiiib,  p  -aji  1.  travel 
(all)  over;  2.  (o6bexaTb)  go 
round,  make  a  detour  round. 

oS-beKT  [Abyekt,  -gd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  object  (i)  philos;  2)  of 
study,  admiration,  etc);  2. 
unit,  enterprise;  mil  objec- 
tive. 

od-beKTHBHlbiH  [Abyi^kt^iv- 
niy]  a  sh  f  o6beKTHBeH,  -a, 
-o,  -u  1.  philos  objective; 
2.  unbiased,  objective. 

oe-bCM  [Abyom]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  volume  {1}  math;  2)  of  out- 
put, etc);  2.  fig  extent. 

o^-bexaxb  see  o6be3>KaTb. 

06b51BMTb    see   06bHBJIHTb. 

o6i>5iBjieHH|e  [Abyi^vl^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  declaration 
(the  process  of);'  announce- 
ment, announcing;  2.  an- 
nouncement, notice;  adver- 
tisement. 

oC-bMBjilHTb  [Abyi^vl'^at^l 
imperf  -hk),  -neiiib,  oC-bsiBlHTb 
[Abyi*^v^it^]  perf  -jiib,  o6bH- 
BHuib,  p  -TAJ],  imp  -H  declare, 
announce;  ~^Tb  djiaro^ap- 
HocTb  thank  officially. 

oG-bflCHCHHle  [Abyi^s^n^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h.  -h  explanation; 
<>  ~e  B  jik)6bh  confession  of 
love. 

06l>SICHHTb    see     06bHCHHTb. 

o6-bflCH|flTb  [Abyr^s'^n^at''] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  oC-bJic- 
HlHTb  [Abyi^s^'n^it^]  perf  -k>, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  explain; 


account  for  {smb's  behaviour, 
etc). 

o6bHTH|e  [Abyat^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  embrace;  6p6cHTbCH  ko- 
My-Ji.  B  ~H  throw  oneself 
into  smb's  arms; 

<>    C   pacnpOCTCpTblMH     ~S1MH 

With  open  arms. 

o6biBaTejiib  [Abivat^il^]  m 
-H,  -eft  Philistine  (a  smugly 
conventional  person). 

oSbirparb  see   oSbirpHBaTb. 

o&birpbiBlaTb  [Abtgfivat^ 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  odbirpjarb 
[Abigrat^]  perf  -aio,  -aemb 
beat,  win  a  victory  over 
[at  a  game,  etc), 

o6biKHOBeHH|e  [AbtknAv^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h:  HMexb  ~e  be 
in  the  habit  {of);  no  — K)  as 
usual;  npoTHB  -~h  contrary 
to  one's  habit. 

o6biKHOBeHHibiH  [AbiknA- 
v^enniy]  a  sh  f  o6biKHOBeHeH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  usual,  ordinary, 
common. 

66bicK  [obtsk,  -zg]  m  -a, 
-OB  (forcible)  search. 

o6biHalH  [Ablch^ay]  m  -si, 
-CB  custom,  habit,  usual 
practice. 

cSbWHlbiH  [Abtch^niy]  a 
sh  f  o6bneH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  usual, 
ordinary,  customary. 

o6n3aHHOCT|b  [Ab^aza- 

nas^'t*',  -z''d*']  /  -h,  -eft  duty, 
responsibility;      jie>KaTb      hb 

—  H  Koro-Ji.  be  smb's  duty  /  re- 
sponsibility; BMCHHTb  KOMy-JI. 
B  ---b  make  it  smb's  duty 
{to  do  smth);    HcnojiHHiomHft 

—  H  ::cting  {for  another). 
o6fl3aH|HbiH      [Ab^'azannty] 

a  sh  f  -^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  obliged; 


—  257  — 


orH 


Bbl      ~bl      HBHTbCH      K    ACBHTH 

qacaM  you  must  come  here 
at  9  a.  m.;  6biTb  — hum  ko- 
My.-Ji.  be  indebted  to  smb; 
H  MHorHM  --  CBoeMy  yqHTejiK) 
I  owe  much  to  my  teacher; 
qyBCTBOBaib  ce6H  ^-hhm  ko- 
My-Ji. .  feel  obliged  /  indebted 
to  smb. 

o6fl3aTejibHO  [Ab^i^zat^il^- 
n9]  adv  without  fail;  by  all 
means. 

o6fl3aTejibH|biH  [Ab^i^za- 
t^il^'niy]  a  sh  f  o6H3aTejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1,  obligatory; 
compulsory  {education,  etc); 
binding;.  2.  col  conscientious 
{person). 

o6»3aTejibCTB|o  [Ab'^i^za- 
t*'il''stva]  n  -a,  —  obligation, 
engagement;  commitment  {to 
do  smth);  6paTb  (na  ccSh)  —a 
undertake  obligations;  make 
pledges. 

oRec  [av'os,  -z]  m  OBca 
oats. 

OBeu  [AV^'ets,  -dz]  see  OBu,a. 

OBjiaAeB|aTb  [Avlad^i^vat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  oBjia- 
AJexb  [AvlAd^et^]  perf  -ew, 
-eemb  1.  seize,  take  posses- 
sion (o/);  2.  master  (ffl  sub- 
ject, machinery,  etc);  become 
an  expert  {in). 

OBomlH  [6v9sh^:i]  pi  -eft 
{sing  oBou;  m  -a)  vegetables. 

OBpar  [Avrak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  ravine. 

OBca  [Afsa]  see  obcc. 

OBuja  [Aftja]  /  -bi,  pi  6b- 
Ubi,  OBeu,  OBuaM  sheep  {an 
animal). 

OBUeBOACTBlo  [Aftji^VO- 

tstva]    n   -a    sheep-breeding. 


OBHaplKa  [Afch^arka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  sheep-dog;  HeMeuKan  —  Ka 
Alsatian  dog. 

orHSlaxb  [Ag^ibat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  o6orH|yTb  [AbA- 
gnut'']  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  go  round,  round; 
skirt. 

orjiaB;ieHH|e  [AgUvPe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  table  of  con- 
tents. 

orjiacHTb  see  orjiamaxb. 

orjiauijaTb  [AglAshat*"]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  orjiac|HTb 
[AglAs^it^]  perf  orjiauiy, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -M  an- 
nounce, read  out. 

onfioxHyxb    see     rJioxHyxb. 

orjiymjaxb  [Aglushat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  orjiymlHXb 
[Aglushtt'*]  perf  -y,  -Huib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  1.  deafen  {smb); 
2.  stun  {of  or  with  a    blow). 

orjisiAexbCH  see  orjiHAbi- 
BaxbCH  2. 

orjinAbiB|axbCfl  [AgPadtva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibcfl, 
orjiMfllexbCJi  [Agl^i^d^ettja] 
perf  orjiH>Kycb,  -HiubCH,  p 
-ejic5i,-4Jiacb,/mp-HCb,  -Hxpcb, 
GrjiJiH|yxbCJi  [Agl^i^nuttsa] 
perf  -ycb,  orjiHHeiiibCH,  p 
-yjicq,  -yjiacb,  imp  -licb, 
vHxecb  1.  (orjiHHyxbCH)  turn 
back  {to  look  at  smth);  2. 
(oFJiHAexbCH)  look  round  / 
about; 

<>  He  ycneji  orjiJiHyxbCfl, 
KaK...  =  before  he  could 
say  Jack  Robinson... 

orHeonacH|biH  [Agn^'iApas- 
nty]  a  sh  f  orneonaceH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  inflammable  {sub- 
stance, etc). 


orH 


258 


orHeTyiiiHTejilb[Agn^itushl- 
t^iP]  m  -H,  -eft  fire-extin- 
guisher. 

orHfl  [Agn^a],  orHcfi  [aq- 
n^ey]  see  oroHb. 

oroBapHBjaTb  [AgAvar^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  oro- 
Bop|MTb  [AgavAr'^it^'J  perf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  stip- 
ulate, make  a  reservation 
for;  2.  col  slander,  speak 
ill   of. 

oroBoplKa  [AgAvdrka]/  -kh, 
-OK  1.  reservation,  stipula- 
tion; 2.   slip  of    the    tongue. 

oroHb  [Agon^]  m  ofhh,  pi 
OFHH,  oFHeft  I.  fire  {active 
burning);  2.  light  (a  lamp, 
etc);  3.  mil  fire; 

«0*     H3      OrHfl      Ad      B      nOJlblMSI 

^  out  of  the  frying-pan  into 
the  fire;  npoHTW  —  h  BOAy 
=  go  through  thick  and 
thin. 

oropofl   [AgArot,    -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  kitchen  garden; 
<>    KaMeiueK    b    hch-ji.    --^ 
a  dig  at  smb. 

oropHlaTb  [AgArch^at^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  oropM|HTb 
[AgArch^'it^]  per^  -y,  -Huib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H    pain,    grieve. 

oropMMTb  see  oropqarb. 

orpaSHTb  see    rpa6HTb. 

orpaflla  [Aflrada]  /  -bi,  — 
fence  (round  a  house,  garden, 
etc). 

crpaHMMeHH|b,iH  [AgrAn^i- 
ch'^mnty]  a  \pa]  sh  f  orpaHH- 
MeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  limited, 
scanty  [funds,  means,  etc); 
2.  narrow-minded. 

orpaHHHHB|aTb  [AgrAn^'i- 
ch^'ivat*'!  imperf:  -aio,   -aeujb, 


orpaHMq|HTb  [AgrAn^ich^'it^] 
perf  -y,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  limit,  restrict;  —axb  ce6a 
BO  BceM  stint  oneself  in 
everything. 

orpoMHlbiii  [Agromniy]  a 
sh  f  orpoMeH,  -a  ~-o,  -bi 
enormfflus.  huge. 

orpbi3|oK  [Agrizak,  -g]  m, 
-Ka,  -KOB  col  bit,  end;  ~0R 
KapaHAama  pencil  stump. 

orypjeu,  [Agur^'etj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -uoB  cucumber. 

OAajiKHBJaTb  [Adalzhivat^] 
imperf  -aw,  -aeuib,  oaoji- 
jKJMTb  [AdAlzhtt^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  lend 
{money,  etc). 

GAeBJaTb  [Ad^i^vat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  ofle|Tb  [Ad^ef*] 
perf  -Hy,  -neuib,  p  -Ji,  imp 
-Kb  dress,  clothe. 

ojieB{aTbCJi  [Ad^'i^vattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
OAeiTbCJi  [Ad^ettja]  perf 
-nycb,  -neuibCH,  p  -jich, 
-jiacb,  imp  -HbCH,  -HbTecb 
1.  dress  (oneself);  —  axbCH 
BO  mo-ji.  put  smth  on;  2, 
{no  perf)  dress  {well,  badly 
etc). 

OAeiKflla  [Ad^ezkda]  /  -bi 
~  clothes;  garments;  ^6p 
MCHHaH  —a  uniform. 

ojiepiRaTb  see   0Aep>KHBaTb 

o;iep}KHB|aTb  [Ad**erzht 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
o;jep>KlaTb  [Ad^'i^rzhat^]  perf 
-y,  oAepJKHUib,  p  -aji,  imp 
-h:  0Aep>KaTb  Bepx  [no6eAy 
u  m.  n.]  gain  the  upper 
hand  [victory,  etc]. 

oAexb  see  oAesaxb. 

OA^TbCfl    see   OAeBaibCH    1. 


—  259  — 


OAH 


ofleflji|o  [Ad^i^yab]  n  -a, 
'-  blanket  [for  covering  in 
bed);  cieraHoe  -~o  quilt. 

oflHH  [Ad^'in]  I  num  card 
&  pron  indef  m  oAHoro,  oj\- 
HOMy,  —  (oAHoro),  oahhm, 
(06)  OAHOM,  oflHa  /,  oflHo  n, 
OAHH  pi  1.  one  {not  many); 
o^Ha  KHHra  one  book;  o;^- 
HH  qacbi  one  watch,  one 
clock;  OAHH  HOHCHHUbi  one 
pair  of  scissors;  2.  a  cer- 
tain, a  one;  one  thing;  ~- 
MejiOBCK  CKasaji  mhc,  mto... 
one  /  a  man  told  me  that...; 
oflHo  BpeMH  at  one  time,  at 
some  point;  time  was  when. . .; 
3.  one  (0/  us,  etc);  -^  h3  hhx 
one    of   them; 

li  as  an  adjective  1.  alone,  by 
oneself;  h  noHAy  -~  I'll  go 
alone;  TbiMOJKeiiib  c^ejiaTbSTo 
~?  can  you  do  it  alone /by 
yourself?;  can  you  do  it  on 
your  own?;  2.  the  same;  mh  c 
HHM  OAHoro  MHeHHH  he  and  I 
are  of  the  same  opinion-  ~ 
H  TOT  JKe  the  same;  one  and 
the  same;  3.  only;  nothing 
but;  OH  HbeT  oaho  mojioko 
he  drinks  only  milk /nothing 
but  milk;  b  KOMHaTe  6biJiH 
OAHH  AeTH  there  were  only 
children  in  the  room; 
III  as  a  noun  1.  oa  h  |  6  n 
-oro:  3T0  OAHO  h  to  H<e  it 
is  the  same  thing;  2.:  oah^ 
3Aecb,  ApyrHe  TaM  some  are 
here,  others  are  there; 
<>  --  Ha  ~  1)  in  private, 
privately;  2)  face  to  face 
[in  fighting);  (see)  kuk  — 
unanimously;  --'  sa  ApyrHM 
one  after   another;  one    after 


the  other;  oahhm  cjiobom  in 
one  word;  to  sum  it  all  up; 
in  short;  no  OAHOMy  by 
ones,  one  by  one. 

OAHHaKOB|biH  [Ad^lnakaviy] 
a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -0,  -H  iden- 
tical; the  same. 

OAHMHaAuaxbiH  [Ad^inatsa- 
tiy]  num  ord  eleventh. 

0AHHHaAUaT|b  [Ad^inatjat^, 
■d'']  num  card  -h,  -bio  eleven. 

oahh6k|hh  [Ad^inok^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  -^^  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  solitary,  lonely;  2.  un- 
married, single. 

OAHHOHecTBlo  [Ad^lnoch^i- 
stva]  n  -a  solitude,  loneli- 
ness; oKaaaTbCH  b  ^e  find 
oneself  in  isolation. 

©AH la  [Adna]  /  -oh,  -oh, 
-y,    -OH    (-OK)),    (06)    -OH    see 

OAHH. 

OAHaKAw  [Adnazhdi]  adv 
once,  one  day;  —  yxpoM 
[se^epOM,  HoqbK)]  one  morn- 
ing [evening,  night]. 

oAHaKo    [AdnakaJ    I    cj  de- 
noting    contrast,    incongruity 
with    the   previous    statement 
but;    still;    and    yet; 
II  parenth  however. 

OAHH  [Ad^n^i]  pi  -X,  -M, 
~    (-X),     -MH,    (06)    -HX    see 

OAHH. 

OAHHM  [Ad^'n^im]  instr  ofj 
OAHH  &  OAHo;  see  oahh. 

oahIo  [Adno]  n  -oro,  -OMy, 
-6    (-oro),    -HM,    (06)    -6m    see 

OAHH. 

OAHO...  first  element  ofj 
compounds  pertaining  to  the 
numeral  'one':  oaho66khh  [Ad- 
nAbok^iy]  one-sided;  oaho- 
KOJieiiHbifi       [AdnakApeynty] 


OflH 


--  260 


single  track  {railway);  ofl- 
HOCJiojKHbiH  [AdnAslozhniy] 
monosyllabic;  oAHonojiKxzHbift 
[AdnApoPusnty]  unipolar. 

oflHoro  [AdnAvo]  gen  &  ace 
of   OAHH    &   OAHo;    see  oahh. 

oflHOM  [Adnom]  pr  of  oahh 
&  oAHo;  see  oahh. 

oAHOMy  [AdnAmu]  dat  of 
OAHH  &  OAHo;  see  oahh. 

OAHOo6pa3HiwH  [AdttAAbraz- 
niy]  a  sh  f  OAHoo6pa3eH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  monotonous  {with- 
out variety), 

oAHop6AH|biH  [AdnArodniy] 
a  sh  f  OAHopoAen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  homogeneous,  uniform;  2. 
similar. 

oahoctop6hh|hh  [AdnastA- 
ron^n^iy]  a  sh  f  OAHocTopo- 
HeH,  -H,  -e,  -H  one-sided 
{also  fig);  unilateral. 

GAodpHTb  see  oAo6pHTb,, 

OAo6p|aTb  [AdAbr^at^]  itn- 
perf  -HK),  -Heuib,  OA66p|HTb 
[Adobr^it^]  perf  -lo,  -nmb,  p 
-HA,  imp  -H  approve,  endorse; 
approve  of. 

OAOJieBlaxb  [Adal^i^vat^] 
imperf  -aw,  -aemb,  OAOtiieTb 
[AdAl^'et**]  perf  -eio,  -eeuib 
li  overpower,  overcome 
{one's  enemy);  2.  fig  col 
cope  with  {a  book,  work, 
etc);  3.  fig  overcome  {ojf 
fear,  etc). 

oAOJi>KeHH|e  [AdAlzhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  favour  (a  kind, 
obliging,  or  generous  act). 

oAOjijKHTb       see        OAaA>KH- 

BaTL. 

oAyeaHHHK    [Aduvan^ch^'ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  dandelion. 
OAbiUiK|a    [Adishkd]    /    -h 


short  breath  /  wind;  cxpaAaxb 
—  OH  be  short-winded. 

0}KHB|aTb  [Azhivat'']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  0}KH|Tb 
[Azht't^]  perf  -By,  -Bcuib,  p 
omnJi,  -Jia,  6>khjio,  imp  -bh 
come  back  to  life,   revive. 

0}KHAaHH|e  [Azhtdan'^iya] 
n    -H,    pi    -H,    -H  1.  waiting; 

2.  expectation,  anticipation; 

3.  pi  expectations;  oCManyrb 
MbH-Ji.    — H    disappoint   smb. 

OKHUJaTb  [Azhtdat**]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib  I,  wait  for; 
2.  expect,  anticipate;  3.:  mo 
Hac  -^aei?  what  is  in  store 
for  us? 

O^KHTb    see   0>KHBaTb. 

OKor  [Azhok,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
burn  {an  injury). 

03a66MeHH|uH  [AZAboch^m- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  03a66MeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  preoccupied  {with 
one's  thoughts);  worried,  anx- 
ious. 

osarjiaBHTb  see  oaarAaBJiH- 
Baib. 

oaarjiaBjiHBlaTb  [AZAglav- 
l^'ivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
osarjiaBlHTb  [AZAglav^it''] 
perf  -AK),  -Hmb,  p  -ha,  imp 
-h  entitle  {a  book,  etc). 

03aAaHHB|aTb  [AZAdach^'i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -ara,  -aeuib,  oaa- 
AaMiHTb  [AZAdach''it^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HA,  imp  -b  puzzle, 
perplex. 

osejieHHTb    see    oaeAeHHTb. 

03ejieH|«Tb  [Az^il^i^n^'at*'] 
imperf  -hk3,  -neuib,  oseAC- 
H|HTb  [Az^il^'i^n^'it^]  perf  -k>, 
-Huib,  p  -HA,  imp  -H  plant 
trees  and  shrubs  {in  a  townt 
street,  etc). 


—  261 


OKO 


63eplo  [oz^ira]  n  -a,  pi 
osepa,  oaep,  oaepaM  lake. 

oauMJbie  [Az^imiya]  pi  -bix 
winter-crops. 

o3Jio6jieHH|e  [AzUbl^e- 

n'iya]  n  -a  bitterness,  ani- 
mosity. 

osHaMeHJOBaTb  [Aznam^i- 
HAvat^]  perf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yfi  mark  (a  holi- 
day, etc,  with  new  successes, 
etc). 

osHawiaTb  [AznAch^at'']  im- 
perf  -aex  mean,  signify,  de- 
note. 

03h66  [Aznop,  -b]  m  -a 
chill,  fit  of  shivering. 

03fl6HyTb  see  3H6HyTb. 

0Ka3aTb  see  oKasbiBaxb. 

OKasdrbcsi  see  OKasbieaTbCH. 

OKasbiBJarb  -fAkaztvat*"] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  0Ka|3aTb 
[AkAzat^]  perf  -}Ky,  OKancemb, 
p  -3aji,  imp  ->kh;  —- axb  co- 
flCHCTBHe  render  assistance; 
OKasaxb  ycjiyry  do  a  service; 
oKasaxb  npcAnoMxeHHe  give 
preference  to;  —  axb  conpo- 
THBJieHHe  put  up  resistance; 
OKasaxb  Hecxb  do  an  honour. 

0Ka3biB|aTbCJi  [Akaztvattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  oKa]- 
saxbcii  [AkAzattsa]  perf 
-}Kycb,  OKajKeiubCH^  p  -sajicn, 
-sajiacb,  imp  -H<HCb,  -»Hxecb 
1.  find  oneself  {in  some  place 
or  condition);  2.  turn  out, 
prove  (to  be),  be  found 
(that...);  —aexcH,  qxo...  it 
appears  that... 

0KaHHHB|  axb  [Akan^ch^'i- 
vat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
OKOHHiHTb  [Akon^ch^it^]  perf 
-y,  -Huib,  p  -H.n,  imp  -H  fin- 


ish,   end;    be  through    with; 

OKOHMHTb  HHCXHXyX  [yKHBCp- 

cHiex]  graduate  from  an 
institute  [a  university]. 

oKaHMUBlaxbcn  [Akan^ch'i- 
vattsa]  imperf  -aexcH,  okom- 
HH;xbCJi  [Akon^ch^ittsa]  perf 
-XCH,  p  -JiCH,  -.lacb  end,  fin- 
ish; terminate,  be  over. 

OKeaH  [Ak^'i^an]  m  -a,  -ob 
ocean. 

OKKynHp|oBaxb  [Akup^fra- 
vat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -oeaji,  imp  -yft  oc- 
cupy (a  country,  etc). 

OKJiafl[Aklat,  -d]  m  -a, -ob 
pay,  (rate  of)  salary. 

oKjieHBJaTb  [AkPeivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  oKjielHib 
[Akl^eit^]  perf  -k),  -Huib  paste 
over  {with);  -—axb  KOMHaxy 
o66hmh     paper    a  room, 

OKHJo  [Akno]  n -a,  p/ oKHa, 
OKOH,  oKHaM  window. 

OKOJio  [okala]  I  adv  near, 
near  by; 

II  prep  with  gen  denoting 
1.  proximity,  nearness  near, 
close  to;  ^  AOMa  near  the 
house,  close  to  the  house;  oh 
6hiJi  —-  MeHH  he  wasnear  me; 
he  was  beside  me;  2.  approx- 
imateness  of  an  amount 
about;  '—  cxa  KHJiOMexpoB 
about  a  hundred  kilometres. 

OKOH  [okan]  see  okho. 

oKOHHaHHle  [AkAn^ch^a- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  finishing, 
termination;  no  ~h  yHHsep- 
CHxexa  on  graduating  from 
the  university;  2.  end  {of  a 
book,  etcj;  3.  ling  ending. 

OKOHHaTejIbH|UH        [AkAn^- 

ch^'at^il'niy]  a  sh  f  OKOHna- 


OKO 


262  — 


TCJieH,  -a,  -o,  -u  final,   con- 
clusive. 

OKOHHHTb    566    OKaHMHBaTb. 
OKOHHHTbCSI       566       OKaHHH- 
BaXbCH. 

oKon  [Akop,  -b]  m  -a.  -ob 
mil  trench,  entrenchment, 

OKopoK  [okarak,  -g]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  ham,  gammon. 

OKoneHeTb  566  KoneHeTb. 

OKpaHH|a  [Akraina]  /  -bi, 
~  outskirts  {of  a  city,  6ic); 
outlying  districts  {of  a  coun- 
try). 

OKpaCHTb    566   KpaCHTb    1. 

OKpaclKa  [Akraska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  painting  (0/  a  roof, 
6tc);  2.  coloration,  colour, 
colouring. 

0Kp6nH|yTb  [Akr^epnut^] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  OKpen,  ok- 
penjia,  imp  -h,  KpenlHyxb 
[kr^epnut^]  /mper/ -ny, -He lub, 
p  ~,  -jia,  imp  -HH  become 
strong  {also  fig). 

OKpecTHOCT|b  [Akr^'esnas^t'', 
-z^d^]  /  -H,  -eft  environs, 
vicinity. 

OKpyr  [okruk,  -g]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  region,  district  {a 
territorial  divi5ion  for  admin- 
istrative  or   other  purposes). 

OKpy»jaTb  [Akruzhat**]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  OKpym|MTb 
[Akruzhlt^]  perf  -y,  -Hmb,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  surround, 
enclose;  hedge  in;  2.  mil 
surround,  encircle;  3.  {no 
perf)'.  ero  ~ajiH  HHiepecHbie 
jiioAH  he  was  among  inter- 
esting people. 

OKpy}KeHH|e  [Akruzhen^'iya] 
n  -H  1.  encirclement;  2.  en- 
vironment, surroundings. 


OKpyjKHTb  see  oKpyjKaxb 
1,  2. 

OKpyjKHOCT  1  b  [  Akruzhnas^'t^ , 
-z^d^l  /  -H,  -eft  circumfer- 
ence; Ha  ;;Ba  KHJiOMerpa  b 
—  H  within  a  radius  of  two 
kilometres. 

0KTH6p|b  [Akt^abr^l  m  -a 
October. 

6KyH|b  [okun'^l  m  -h,  pt 
-H,   -eft  perch  {a  fish). 

OKyploK  [Akurak, -g]  m -Ka, 
-KOB  (cigarette)  end,  (cigar-) 
stub. 

ojienlb  [Apen^]  m  -h,  -eft 
deer. 

ojioBJo  [olava]  n  -a  tin  {a 
metal).' 

OH  [on]  pron  pers  sing  3rd 
person  m  ero,  eiviy,  ero,  hm, 
(o)  HCM  {after  a  prep  Hero,  ne- 
My.  Hero,  hhm),  ohe  /,  oho  n, 
OHM  pi:  «rAe  BopHC?»  «0h 
66jiph».  "Where's  Boris?"  "He 
is  ill";  «rfle  CTyji?»  «0h  b  ko- 
pHA6pe».  "Where's  the  chair?" 
"It  is  in  the  corridor";  «r;te 
Bhktop?»  «Er6  hct  ji6Ma». 
"Where's  Victor?"  "He  isn't 
in";  «rfle  Be;ip6?»  «Er6  B3a- 
Jia  3HHa».  "Where's  the  buck- 
et?" "Zina  took  it";  r^e 
HsaH?,  qxo  c  hhm?  where's 
Ivan?  what's  the  matter 
with  him?;  npHCMHHK  He  pa- 
66TaeT;  hto  th  c^eJiaji  c  hhm? 
the  radio  doesn't  work,  what 
l;ave  you  done  with  it?;  «rAe 
AHHa?»  «OHa  6ojibHa». 
"Where's  Anna?"  "She  is  ill"; 
«rAe  KHHra?»  «OHa  na  noJi- 
Ke».  "Where's  the  book?"  "It 
is  on  the  shelf";  «rjxe  HHHa?» 
«Ee  HCT  AOMa».  "Where's  Ni- 


263  — 


na?"  "She  isn't  in";  r^e  khh- 
ra?;  ee  HHrAe  Hex  where's  the 
book?  it  is  not  to  be  found 
anywhere;  r^e  Jlena?,  mto 
c  Heft?  Where's  Lena?  what's 
the  matter  with  her?;  pyMKa 
He  nHuieT;  mo  tli  CAejiaJi 
c  HeS?  the  pen  doesn't  write, 
what  have  you  done  with 
it?;  npHHecH  Be;ip6,  oho  na 
KyxHe  fetch  the  bucket,  it 
is  in  the  kitchen;  jxau  euy 
CTanaH  boaw  give  him  a  glass 
of  water;  3to  Ay6,  eMy  cxo 
jiei  this  is  an  oak,  it  is  one 
hundred  years  old;  sto  QAe- 
jiaHo  HM  it  is  done  by  him; 
3T0T  K;iy6  nocTpoen  kojixos- 

HHKaMH,     H    OHH  FOpAHTCH     HM 

the  club  has  been  built  by 
the  collective  farmers,  and 
they  are  proud  of  it;  Bhktop 
He  66jieH,  He  CecnoKOHcn  o 
HCM  Victor  is  not  ill  don't 
worry  about  him;  a^h  efi 
cxaKaH  BOAbi  give  her  a  glass 
of  water;  sxo  apcbhhh  py- 
KOHHCb,  eft  ABe  xbiCHUH  Jiex 
this  is  an  ancient  manuscript, 
it  is  two  thousand  years  old; 
3X0  HanHcano  eio  it  is  writ- 
ten   by    her;    noesAKa    6biJia 

OMeHb    HHXepeCHOH,    H     OH   AO- 

BOJien  eio  the  trip  was  very 
interesting  and  he  is  pleased 
with  it;  OHH  b  xoft  KOMHaxe 
they  are  in  that  room;  qxo 
c  HHMH?  what's  the  matter 
with  them?;  hm  CKaaajiH, 
qxo...  they  were  told  that...; 
qxo  xu  3Haemb  o  hhx?  what 
do  you  know  about  them? 

ona  [Ana]    pron  /   ee,    eft, 
ee,  eft  (eio),    (o)    neft    {after 


a  prep    nee,    neu,    nee,  hch) 
see  OH. 

OHH  [An^f]  pron  pi  hx,  hm, 
HX,    HMH,    (o)    HHX    {after    a 

prep     HHX,     HHM,     HHX,    HHMh) 

see  OH. 

OHO  [Ano]  pron  n  ero.  eMy, 
ero,  HM,  (o)  HeM  {after  a  prep 
Herd,  HeMy,    nero,    hhm)    see 

OH. 

OOH  [o-6n]  abbrev  (/) 
(OppaHHaauHH  OSTjeAHHenHbix 
HauHft)  UNO  (United  Nations 
Organization). 

ona3AbiB|aTb  [Apazdtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aenib,  ono3- 
AJaxb  [ApAzdat^]  perf  -aio, 
-aemb  be  late;  be  overdue; 
onosA^Tb  Ha  noesA  [b  uiKOJiy 
u  m.  n.]  be  late  for  the  train 
[for  school,,  etc]. 

onac|atbCji  [ApAsattsa]  //n- 
perf  -aiocb,  -aenibCH  flar,  be 
apprehensive  {of). 

onaceHH|e  [ApAS^en^iya]  n 
-fl,  -ft  fear,  misgiving;  bm- 
sbiBaxb  ^-H  excite  apprehen- 
sion. 

onacHOCT|b  [Apasnas^t^, 
-z^d^]  /  -H,  -eft  danger,  per- 
il; noABepraxb  -~h  expose 
to  danger;  endanger,  jeopard- 
ize. 

onacHJbiH  [Apasntyj.a  sh  f/ 
onacen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  dangerous, 
perilous. 

onepja  [op^ira]  /  -u,  ^ 
opera. 

onepaxHBHlbiH  [Ap^irAt^fv- 
niy]  a  sh  f  onepaxiiBeH,  -a, 
0,  -bi  1.  operative,  effective, 
efficient;  2.  nied  surgicalj 
3.  mil  strategical;  opera- 
tion(s)  {attr). 


one 


—  264  — 


onepduH|ji  [Ap^l®ratsty9]  / 
-H,  -ft  operation  {surgical, 
military,  financial,  etc). 

onepejiHTb  see    onepe>KaTb. 

onepe)K|aTb  [Ap^ir^i^zHat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  onepe- 
fl|HTb  [Ap^ir^i^d*"!!**]  perf  one- 
pe5Ky,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
1.  pass  /  get  ahead  {of), 
outstrip;  2.  forestall,  antici- 
pate. 

onepexTla  [Ap^i^r^6t9]  /  -bi, 
~  musical  comedy. 

onepexbcji    see   onHpajbCH. 

onepHp|oBaTb  [Ap^i^r^ira- 
vat'']  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft  op- 
erate {1}  on  a  patient',  2)  with 
facts,  etc). 

oneHaxlKa  [Ap''i^ch*'5tka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  misprint. 

oniijilKH  [Ap^'ilk^i]  pi  -OK 
sawdust. 

onHp|aTbCfl  [Ap^irattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibcn,  one- 
plexbCJi  [Ap^'i^r^'ettsa]  perf 
o6onpycb,  o6onpeuibCH,  p 
onepCH,  -Jiacb  (onepjiacb), 
-jiocb  (on&pjiocb),  -jiHCb  (on^p- 
jiHCb),  imp  oConpHCb,  o6o- 
npHxecb  lean  {upon),  rest 
{upon)  {also  fig). 

onHcaHH|e  [Ap^isan^iya]  n 
-H,  -ft  description  {of  a  fact, 
phenomenon,  etc);  account  {of 
a  trip,  etc). 

onHcaxb  see  onftcbiaaxb. 

onHCbiBJaxb  [Ap^isivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  onMc|dxb 
[Ap'^is^f'l  perf  ooHUiy,  onft- 
meuib,  p  -aji,  imp  onHuiri  1. 
describe,  depict;  2.  make  an 
inventory. 

6nuc|b  [op^'is*',  -z^]   f   -h, 


-eft  list,  catalogue,  schedule; 
inventory  {of  books,  etc). 

onjiaxja  [Aplata]  /  -bi  pay- 
ment, remuneration;  noAen- 
HaH  ^a  pay  by  the  day; 
cAejibHan  ^a  payment  by  the 
piece. 

onjiaxHXb  see    onjiaqHBaxb, 

onjiaHHB|axb  [Aplach^ivat**] 
imperf -aio,  -aeuib,  onjiajxHxb 
[ApUt^it'']  perf  -qy,  onjia- 
xHuib,  p  -XHJi,  /mp -xrf  repay, 
pay  {for  goods  services)', 
~axb  pacxoAbi  meet  the 
costs: 

onji6uiHocx|b  [Aplosh- 

nas^t^,  -z^'d'']  /  -h,  -eft  mis- 
take, blunder  {caused  by  over- 
sight or  negligence). 

onoBeii;|dxb  [Apav^'i*- 

sh'^'.at^]  imperf  -aio,  -^euib, 
onoBecx|Hxb  [Apav'^i^s^'t^it*'] 
perf  onosemy,  -riuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  notify,  inform. 

ono3flaHH|e  [ApAzdan^iya] 
n  -H,  -ft  being  late;  delay, 
retardation;  6e3  --h  in  time; 
c  —CM  Ha  nojiqac^  half  an 
hour  late. 

onosfldxb  see   onasAbieaxb. 

on6MH|HXbC5i  [Apomn^ittsa] 
perf  -KDCb,  -Huibca,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
come  to  one's  senses;  2.  think 
better  of  it;  come  to  one's 
senses. 

onopja  [Ap6ra]/  -m,  ^  sup- 
port {a  person  or  thing  that 
supports); 

^  xoHKa  '-bi  fulcrum;  Hafi- 
XII  xowKy  ~'bi  gain  a  foot- 
hold. 

onno3HuH|fl  [ApAz^'itsiya]/ 
-H,  -ft  pol  opposition." 


—  265  — 


ony 


onnoHeHT  [ApAn^ent,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  opponent  {in  a 
debate,  etc). 

onnopryHHSM  [Apsrtu- 

n^izm]  m  -a  opportunism 
{the  policy  of  adapting  work- 
ing class  interests  to  the  inter- 
ests of  the  bourgeoisie). 

onpaBJa  [Aprava]  /  -bi,  — 
setting,  mounting,  casing; 
rim  {of  spectacles,  etc). 

onpaBAaHH|e  [AprAvda- 
n^'iya]  n  -a,  -h  1.  justifica- 
tion; 3T0  He  --e  tiiat  is  no 
excuse;  2.  law  acquittal. 

onpaB;iaTb  see  onpaeAbi- 
eaxb. 

onpaBAaTbCH  see  onpaB;;bi- 
saxbCH. 

onpaBAUBJaTb  [Apravdt- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  on- 
paBA|aTb  [AprAvdat^]  perf 
-aio,  -aeuib  1.  justify;  war- 
rant; —axb  ce6H  1)  justify 
oneself;  2)  prove  its  value 
{of  a  new  method,  etc);  pay 
(for  itself);  2.  law  acquit, 

onpaBAbiB|aTbC5i  [Apravdi- 
vattsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  ^npaBA|aTbcj!  [ApfAvda- 
ttsa]  perf  -awcb,  -aeiubCH 
iT  justify  oneself;  ~aTbCH 
nepcA  KCM-ji.  set  oneself 
right  with  smb;  2.  come  true, 
realize  {of  hopes,  etc);  prove 
to  be  correct. 

onpeflCJieHHle  [Apr^'id^'i®- 
Pen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  deter- 
mination, determining;  defi- 
nition, defining,  2.  ling  at- 
tribute,   modifier. 

onpeAejieHHJbiH  [Apr^id**!^- 
l^onniy]  a  {pd\  sh  f  onpe^e- 
jieneH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.    definite 


{answer^  meaning,  etc);  2.  cer- 
tain {unspecified). 

onpej;ejiHTb  see  onpeAe-nnxb. 

onpe;ieji|«Tb  [Apr^id^i^- 
l^at^]  impe-rf  -hk),  -neiiib, 
onpeAejilHTb  [Apr^id^i^Pit^j 
perf  -K),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  1.  define;  determine;  2.  de- 
termine, fix  (precisely). 

onpoBepr|aTb  [Aprav^i^r- 
gat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  on- 
poBeprHJyTb  [AprAv^ergnut^] 
perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  onpoeepr 
(-y/i),  imp -a  refute,  disprove 

onpoBep}KeHH|e  [Aprav^'i^r 
zhen^iya]  n  -a,  -h  refutation 
denial. 

OnpOKHAblBJaTb  [AprAk-1 
dWat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib 
onpoKHH|yTb  [AprAk^'inut'' 
perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -i 

1.  overturn,  upset,  tip  over 

2.  fig  upset,  frustrate. 
onpOMeTMHBJbiJi  [AprA 

m^'et^ch^iviy]  a  sh  f   — ,  -a 
-0,  -bi  rash,  hasty. 

onpoc  [Apros,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
interrogatory,  inquest,  refer- 
endum; poll  {to  find  out  the 
opinion  of  the  population). 

onpflTHJbiH  [Apr^atniy]  a 
sh  f  onpflxeii,  -a,  -o,  -bi  neat, 
tidy. 

onxoM  [optam]  adv  whole- 
sale. 

onySjiHKOBaxb  see  ny6jiHK0- 
Baxb. 

onycKiaxb  tApuskat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  onycx|MXb 
[Apus^f'it'']  per/onymy,  ony- 
cxHUJb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  I.  low- 
er, put  down;  drop  {one's 
eyes,  a  coin  in  the  slot,  etc); 
onycxHXb  rojiosy  hang  one's 


ony 


—  266  — 


head;    2.:    onycTHTb    nHCbMo 

post  a  letter;  3.  omit,  leave 

out; 

<>     onycTHTb     pyKH   ^    lose 

heart. 

onycK|aTbCfl  [Apuskattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  ony- 
cxlHTbCM  [Apus^t^ittse]  perf 
onymycb,  onyCTHiiibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  1.  lower,  sink,  go 
down;  2.  fig  degenerate,  de- 
teriorate [morally). 

onycTHTb  see  onyeKaxb. 

onycTHTbCH  see  onycKaTbCH. 

onycTouijaTb  [ApustAshat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  onycTO- 
iii|HTb  [ApustAshtt^]  perf  -y, 
-HiiJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  devas- 
tate, ravage,   lay  waste. 

onyxjaTb  [Apukhaf*]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  onyxH|yTb 
[Apukhnut^]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p 
onyx,  onyxjia,  imp  -h  swell 
{of  a  part  of  the  body). 

6nyxoji|b  [opukhai^]  /  -h, 
-efi  swelling,  tumour. 

onwT  [opU,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  experience,  knowledge, 
prpficiency;  mchtchckhh  — 
knowledge  of  life.;  oSmch  --^om 
sharing  of  knowledge  [expe- 
rience]'; nepcHHMaTb  neft-ji.  ^ 
adopt  smb's  methods;  2.  ex- 
periment, test. 

6nbiTH{biH  [opttniy]  a  sh  f 
onbiieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  expe- 
rienced; 2.  experimental. 

onbsiHeTb  see  nbHHexb. 

onflTb  [Ap*'at^,  -d*'l  adv 
again,  once  more. 

opaHjKeBbiH  [Aranzhaviy]  a 
orange  {colour). 

opaHiKepe|si  [Ardnzhi^r^eya] 


/  -H,  -H  hothouse,  conserva- 
tory. 

opaTop  [Aratar]  m  -a,  -ob 
orator,  speaker. 

opraH  [organ]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
organ  {1}  of  perception,  di- 
gestion, etc;  2)  a  newspaper^ 
magazine);  2.  body,  agency 
{of  government,  legislation, 
etc);  cjieACTBeHUbie  ~bi  inves- 
tigating authorities. 

opraHHsaxop  [Argan^izatar] 
m  -a,  -ob  organizer. 

opraHHaauHifl  [Argan^iza- 
tstya]  /  -H,  -ft  1.  organizing, 
organization;  2.  organization 
(a  public,  political,  or  gov- 
ernment body-  or  its  struc- 
ture); OpraHH3au,HH  06i>eAH- 
HCHHbix  HauHH  (OOH)  the 
United  Nations  Organization 
(UNO). 

opraHH3M  [ArgAn^izm]  m 
-a,  -OB  organism. 

opraHH3|oBaTb  [Argan^'izA- 
vat**]  perjf  &  imperf  yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yS  or- 
ganize; arrange  (a  meeting, 
etc). 

6pj?eH  [ord^'m]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  order  {a  decoration);  — ' 
«3HaK  noMeTa»  the  Badge  of 
Honour. 

opfleHOHGc|eu  [Ard^'mAno- 
s^its,  -dz]  m-ua,-u,eB  person 
decorated  with  an  order 
[orders]. 

opeji  [Ar^ol]  m  opjia,  pi 
opjibi,  opjioB  eagle. 

opex  [Ar^'ekh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-OB  nut;  nut-tree. 

opHrHHajibH|biH  [Ar^ig**!- 
nal^'niy]  a  sh  f  opHrHHajien, 
-a,  -o,  -hi  1.  original,    genu- 


—  267 


OCB 


ine,  authentic;  2.  new,  novel, 
original,  unortiiodox. 

Oi  HeHTHp|OBaTbCSI        [Ar**i- 

yi^nt^iravattja]  perf  &  imperf 
-yKDGb,  -yeiubCH,  p  -OBajicn, 
-OBajiacb,  imp  -yficH,  -yHiecb 
Grient(ate)  oneself;  — osaTbCH 
Ha  MecTHocTH  find  one's 
bearings;  —oBaTbCH  Ha... 
be  guided  by...,  pattern 
one's  beJiaviour  [policy]  on... 

opKecTp  [Ark^estr]  m  -a, 
-OB  orchestra  {1)  a  group  of 
musicians;  2)  instruments). 

opjia  [Aria],  opjioe  [Arlof, 
-v]  see  opeji. 

opocHTb  see  opomaxb. 

opouilaTi.  [ArAshat^]  imperf 
•aio,  -aeujb,  opOGlHTb  [afa- 
B^it^]  perf  opomy,  -i5mb,  p 
•HJi,  imp  -H   water,    irrigate. 

opyAHJe  [Arud^'iya]  n  -h, 
■H  1.  instrument,  implement, 
tool;  2.  fig  instrument,  tool; 
3.  mil  gun,  piece  of  ord- 
nance. 

opyiKH|e  [Aruzhiya]  n  -h  1. 
arm,  weapon;  arms;  weapons; 
or-HecTpejibHoe  ~e  fire- 
-arm(s);  2.  fig  weapon; 
-^  SpJiuaTb  —CM  rattle  the 
sabre. 

op(J)orpa(j)H|5i  [ArfAgraf'iya] 
/  -H  orthography,  spelling. 

oca  [Asa]  /  ocbi,  pi  ocu, 
oc,  ocaM  wasp. 

ocaAJa  [Asada]  /  -u  siege 
{of  a  fortress,  etc). 

ocaAHTb  see  oca^^axb. 

ocaAJOK  [Asadak,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
pi  -KH,  -KOB  1.  sediment, 
deposit;  2.  fig  feeling  of  re- 
sentment; 3.  pi  precipitation 


aKTHBHbie  ~KH  Fadioactivtt 
fallout. 

ocawAlaTb  [ASAzhdat^'l  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  ocaA  HTb 
[ASAd^it*']  perf  ocaJKy,  -Huib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  lay  siege 
to,  besiege;  2.  fig  col  beset, 
beleaguer. 

ocaHK|a  [Asanka]  /  -h  car- 
riage, bearing. 

ocBaHBJaTb  [Asvaivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  ocBOlUTb 
[Asvoit^]  perf  -k),  -Huib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  master  (a  sub- 
ject, machinery,  etc);  become 
an  expert  in;  ~aTb  npoH3- 
BOACTBo  Hero-ji.  organize  pro- 
duction of  smth;  2.:  ^axb 
uejiHHHbie  3eMJiH  bring  hew 
lands  under  the  plough. 

ocBaHB|aTbcsi  [Asvaivattsa] 
imperf  -aK)Cb,  -aeuibCH, 
ocBolHXbCH    [Asvoittsa]    perf 

-K)Ct>,         -HIHbCH,         p        -h:)1CH, 

-Hjiacb  imp  -HCH,  -Hxecb  get 
familiar  with  {one's  work, 
surroundings,  etc);  oh  y>Ke 
ocBOHjiCH  he  feels  quite  at 
ease. 
ocBeAOMHTbCfl  see  ocbcaom- 

JIHXbCH. 

ocBeAOMJilflxbCfl  [as^v'*!- 
dAmPattsa]  imperf  -niocb, 
-HeuibCH,  ocBeflOM|HTbCfl  [as^- 
v^edam^ittja]  perf  -juocb, 
-HUibCH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb  in- 
quire, make  inquires  (about). 

ocBexHTb  see  ocBeu;axb. 


ocBeii^|a.Tb 

imperf    -aio. 


[as^ 


-aeuib, 


•:at^] 
ocBe- 


X|HXb    [as** 

Bemy,  -HUib 
light    up, 


v'^in^it^]  perf 
p    -HJi,    imp 
illuminate; 


oc- 


{rainfall  or  snowfall);  paAHo-  [fig  elucidate,  throw  light  on 


OCB 


—  268 


ocBeiu,eHHte  [As^v^i^sh^.e- 
n^iya]  n  -h  1.  light,  light- 
•ing,  illCimination;  2.  fig  elu- 
cidation, interpretation. 

0CB060AMTejIbHbiH    [AsvabA- 

d^it^iPniy]  a  liberation  {move- 
ment, war,  etc). 

ocBo6oAHTb  see  ocbo6ohc- 
Aaxb. 

ocBo6ox(A|aTb  [AsvabAzh- 
d^t^]  imperf  -aio,  -5eiiib, 
ocBo6oA|HTb  [AsVabAd^it'^i 
perf  ocBodoJKy,  -i^iiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  liberate;  emanci- 
pate; set  free;  2.  free  {from 
taxation,  obligation,  etc); 
excuse  {from  classes,  etc); 
exempt;  3.:  —axb  kofo-ji.  ot 
saHHMaeMOH  aojijkhocth  re- 
lieve smb  of  his  post;  ocbo- 
6oAHTb  OT  o6H3aHHocTeH  re- 
lease from  duties;  4.:  —axb 
noMemeHHe  vacate  the  prem- 
ises; 

^  --eHHbiH  ccKperapb  napi- 
opraHHsauHH  [npo({)coK)3HbiH 
padoTHHK.  u  in.  d.]  full-time 
secretary  of  a  party  organi- 
zation [trade'union  official, 
etc]. 

ocBOHTb  see  ocBaHsaTb. 

OCBOHTbCSI  SeeOCBaHBaTbCH. 

oceji  [as^oI]  m  ocjia,  pi 
ocjib'i,  ocjioB  donkey,  ass. 

oceHHHH  [As^en*'n''iy]  a 
autumn. 

6ceH|b'[6s^m'']  /  -h  autumn; 
US  fall. 

oceHbK)  [6s^m'*yu]  adv  in 
autumn. 

oceTp  [As^otr]  m  ocerpa, 
ocexpoB  sturgeon  {a  fish). 

oceTpAHla  [As''i^tr''ina]  / 
•u  sturgeon  {the  [les'h  of). 


ocHH|a  [As^'ina]  /  -bi,  ^ 
asp,  aspen. 

ocHHOBbiH  [As^in9vty]  a 
aspen; 

<>      flpOKaXb       KaK      ~      JIHCT 

tremble  like    an    aspen  leaf. 
ocKOJiloK    [Askolak,    -g]    m 
-Ka,     -KOB      splinter,      frag- 
ment. 

OCKOp^MTb    see   0CK0p6jIHTb. 

0CK0p6jiiaTb  [AskArbl^at*"] 
imperf  -hio,  -^euib,  ocKop- 
6|HTb  [AskArb^if*]  perf  -jiib, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  insult, 
outrage. 

ocjia  [Aslal,  OCJIOB  [Aslof, 
-v]  see  oceji. 

GCJia6eB[aTb  [Asbb^'i^vat^I 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  ocjia- 
djexb  [AsUb^et*']  perf  -^lo, 
-eemb  1.  weaken,  grow  weak/ 
feeble;  2.  slacken,  relax  {of 
attention,  strain,  etc). 

ocjia66xb  see  ocJiadeBaxb  & 
CJia6exb. 

ocjia6HXb  see  ocJia6jiHXb. 

ocjia6ji|«xb  [AslAblMt^]  im- 
perf    -HK),     -HeiUb,     0CJia6|HXb 

[Aslab'^it*']  perf  -jiio,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -b  1.  weaken; 
2.  relax  {one's  attention,  ef- 
forts, muscles,  etc). 

ocjienHxejibH|biH  [As^'l^i^- 
p^it^'il^'nty]  a  sh  f  ocjienn- 
xejiCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  blinding; 
dazzling  {also  fig). 

ocjienHTb  see  ocjienjiHXb. 

ocjienji|«xb  (As^l^'i^pl^at**] 
imperf  -^lo,  -neuib,  ocjie- 
n|Mxb  [AS^l^'i'^p^'it'']  perf  -jiib, 
-Huib,  p  -Yin,  imp  -H  I.  blind, 
make  blind;    2.    dazzle  (also 

fig)- 
ocjienHyxb  see  cjiennyxb. 


269  ~ 


OCT 


ocjiojKHeHHJe  [AslAzhn^e- 
n'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  complica- 
tion (stnth  that  makes  things 
more  difficult,  etc);  2.  com- 
plication, after-effect  {of  a 
disease). 

ocMaTpHB|aTb  lAsmatr^i- 
vaf*]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
ocMOTpjexb  [AsmAtr^et^]  perf 
-K),  ocMOTpHiub,  p  -eJi,  imp 
-H  examine,  view,  survey; 
see  {an  exhibition,  etc);  in- 
spect {a  building,  luggage, 
etc);  do  {a  city). 

0CMejiHB|aTbCfl  [As^m'^el^i- 
V9ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiub- 
CH,    ocMejilHTbCM    [As'^m^cl'^i- 

ttjS]  perf  -K)Cb,  -HlUbCH,  p 
-HJIC5I,       -HJiaCb,        imp       -bCH, 

-bxecb  dare  {do  smth);  take 
the  liberty  {of  saying,  etc), 
venture  {a  remark,  etc). 

ocMOTpeTb  see  ocMaxpHBaTb. 

ocHoela  [Asnova]  /  -bi,  pi 
-bi,  '-'  1.  base,  basis,  foun- 
dation; npHHHTb  3a  —y  as- 
sume as  a  basis;  3ajio:»cHTb 
~y  lay  (down)  the  founda- 
tions; 2.  pi  principles,  funda- 
mentals; 3.  ling  stem. 

ocHOBaHH|e  [AsnAvan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  foundation  {the  pro- 
cess of);  2.  foundation,  base 
{of  a  wall,  building,  etc); 
foot  {of  a  mountain);  3. 
grounds,  reason;  6biTb  jih- 
lueHHbiM  BCHKoro  ~H  be  abso- 
lutely unfounded;  c  noji- 
HbiM  --eM  with    good  reason, 

ocHOBarejibHlbiH  [AsnAva- 
t^'il'^nty]  a  sh  f  ocHOBaiejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  well-grounded; 
2.  solid,  sound,  thorough. 

ocHoeaTb    see   ocHosuBaTb. 


ochobh|6h  [AsnAvnqy]  a 
fundamental,  basic,  princi- 
pal; —  an  Macca  khhf  the 
bulk  of  the  books; 
O  B  ~6m  on  the  whole  in 
_  the  main. 

i  ocHOBbiBlaTb  [Asn6viv9t^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  och|o- 
Barb  [AsnAvat^]  perf  -yib, 
-yeuib,  p  -OBaji  1.  found 
{a  city,  etc);  2.  base  {research, 
etc,  on  smth);  sto  hh  na  mcm 
He  ocHOBaHO  it  is  unfounded. 

oc66eHHO  [Asob^inna]  adv 
1.  especially,  particularly;  2. 
unusually,  more  than,  usual; 
<>  He  —  not  very  (much). 

oc66eHHOCTib  [Asob^mas'^t^, 
-z^d'']  /  -H,  -eft  peculiarity, 
feature; 

<>  B  — H  especially,    in  par- 
ticular. 

ocoCeHHJbiH  [Asob^'mnty]  a 
sh  f  {no  m),  -a,  -o,  -u  parti- 
cular, special;  peculiar  {man- 
ner, etc); 

<>  HHHero    —ore   nothing  in 
particular,  nothing  much. 

oc66[uH  [Asobiy]  a  special, 
specific,  peculiar,  particu- 
lar; —oe  MHeHHe  dissenting 
opinion. 

6cn|a  [ospa]  /  -u  smallpox; 
BCTpHHan  —a  chicken-pox. 

ocnapHB|aTb  [AsparMvot^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiijb,  ocno- 
pJHTb  [Aspor^it'']  perf  -k), 
-Hijjb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  dis- 
pute {a  matter,  rights,  etc); 
call  in  question;  2.  {no  perf) 
contend,  contest. 

ocTa|BaTbCfl  [AstAvattga] 
imperf  -ibcb,  -eiubCH,  p  -Baji- 
CH,  -Bajiacb,  into  -BaHCH.-Bafl- 


OCT 


270  — 


Tecb,  ocT|aTbCfl  [Astattsa] 
perf  -anycb,  -aHeuibCH,  p 
-ajicH,  -ajiacb,  imp  -anbCH, 
-aHbjecb  1.  remain,  stay;  2. 
be  left  {of  a  certain  amount, 
etc);  y  nac  ociaJiocb  naib 
MHHyT  we  have  five  minutes 
to  go;  H^TH  ocrdjiocb  He- 
MHoro  there  is  only  a  little 
way  to  go;  3.:  no6eAa  ocxa- 
jiacb  3a  HaMH  the  victory  was 
ours;  3a  hhm  ocxajiocb  AccHib 
py6jieH  he  owes  me  ten  rou- 
bles; 

<>  ocraTbCji  HH  c  hcm  suffer 
a  fiasco;  He  ocTaeTCJi  HMHero 
jipyroro,  KaK...  nothing  else 
is  left  but... 

ccraEHTb  see  ociaBJiHib. 

ocTaBjil«Tb  [AstAvl^at'']  im- 
perf  -HK),  -^eiiib,  ocTaelHTb 
[Astav^it^]  perf  -jiio,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -h  \.  leave  {delib- 
erately or  through  careless- 
ness)', 2.  reserve,  keep  {for 
future  use)',  3.  abandon,  for- 
sake; 

<>  ~«Tb  B  noKoe  leave 
alone;  KaMHji  na  KaMHe  ne 
ocxaBHTb  leave  no  stone 
unturned. 

ocxajibHloH  [AstAl^'noy]  I  a 
the  rest  of;  ~6e  BpeMH  the 
rest  of  the  time;  ^-b'le  ahh 
the  rest  of  the  days; 
II  as  a  noun  1.  o  c  t  a  Ji  b- 
HJbie  pi  -b'lx  the  others,  the 
re?t;  2.  ocTajibHJoe  n  -oro 
the  rest;  Bce  •~-6e  every- 
thing else;  b  ~6m  in  other 
respects. 

ocTaHaBJiHB|aTb  [AstAnav- 
l^ivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
ocTaHOBJMTb        [AstanAv^it''] 


perf  -jiK),  ocTaHoBHiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  stop,  bring  to  a  stop; 
—-axb  BsrjiHA  Ha  kom-ji.  rest 
one's  gaze  on  smb. 

OCXaHaBJIHB|aXbCfl  [AStA- 

navl^ivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH,  ocxaHOBlHxbcsi  [Asta- 
UAV^ittja]    perf  -Jiibcb,    ocxa- 

HOBHUIbCH,      p      -HJICH,    -HJiaCb, 

imp  -itcb,  -Hxecb  1.  stop, 
come  to  a  stop;  come  to  a 
standstill;  2.  put  up,  stay 
{at  a  hotel,  etc)',  3.  dwell 
{on  a  subject,  etc); 
<>  KM  nepcfl  HCM  He  —-axbCH 
stop  at  nothing. 

ocxaHOBHXb  see  ocxanaBJiH- 
Baxb. 

ocxaHOBHXbcsi    see  ocxanaB- 

JIHBaXbCH. 

ocxaHOBJKa  [AstAnofka]  f 
-KH,  -OK  1.  stop,  stoppage; 
2,  stop,  station;  KOHe^HaH 
~Ka  terminal,  terminus; 
<>  ~Ka  3a...  all  that  is  want- 
ed is... 

ocxax|oK  [Astatak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1.  remainder,  the 
rest,  remnant;  ~kh  CAbi 
le  It -overs  of  food;  2.  math 
remainder. 

ocxaxbCJi  see  ocxaBaxbCH. 

ocxeperjaxbcsi  [As^'t^ir^i'^ga- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
ocxepe|HbCJi  [As^f'i^r^ech^s^a] 
perf  -rycb,  -JKeuibCH,  -ryxcH, 
p  ocxepercH,  -rjiacb,  imp 
-FHCb,  -FHxecb  beware  (o/j, 
be  careful  {of)\  be  careful 
not  to  (catch  cold,  etc);  be 
on  one's  guard  {against). 

ocxop6)KH|biH  lAstArozhniy] 
a  sh  f  ocxop6>KeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
careful,  cautious. 


—  271  — 


OT 


ocTplMTb  [Astr^it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
ciocTpMTb  [sAstr^'it^]  perf  joke, 
make  jokes. 

ocxpoB  [6str9f,,-v]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  island,  isle;  Heo6H- 
TaeMbifl  ~'  desert  island. 

ocTpOTJa  [Astrota]  /  -bi,  pi 
-bi,  — ,  -aM  witticism,  witty 
remark. 

ocTpoyMHJbiH  [AstrAumnty] 
a  sh  f  ocTpoyMCH,  -a,    -o,  -bi 

1.  witty;  2,  clever,  ingenious. 
6cTp|biH  [ostriy]  a  sh  f  ^, 

-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  sharp  {pin,  cor- 
ner, pain,  etc);  keen  (knife, 
interest,  etc);  acute  {pain, 
corner,  etc);  ~-oe  cjiobuo  wit- 
ticism; —oesaMcqaHHe  point- 
ed remark;  ~oe  nojion^eHHe 
critical  situation;  2.:  ~oe 
6jik)Ao  savoury  dish;  -~-biH 
coyc  piquant  sauce. 

ocTbiB|aTb  [Asttvat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  ocTbiJTb 
[Asttt^l  perf  -Hy,  -neuib,  p 
-ji,  imp  -Hb  1.  get  cold,  cool; 

2.  fig  cool,  lose  interest. 

ocyAHTb  see  ocys^AaTb. 

ocyjKAlaTb  [Asuzhdat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  ocyAlMTb 
[Asud'^it^]  perf  ocy>Ky,  ocy- 
AHUib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  law 
convict,  condemn;  ero  ocy- 
AHJiH  na  TpH  roAa  he  was 
sentenced  to  three  years  of 
prison;  2,  condemn,  censure, 
denounce. 

ocymecTBHTb     see     ocyme- 

CTBJIHTb. 

ocymecTBJiJHTb  [Asush^:i^- 
stvl^at^]  imperf  -hk),  -^euih, 
ocymecTBliiTb  [Asush^:i^- 


-HJi,  imp  -H  carry  out,  real- 
ize; fulfil,  put  into  practice; 
implement  {a  decision,  etc); 
exercise  {control,  etc);  ~HTb 
pe>KHM  SKOHOMHH  practise 
economy;  ocymecTBHTb  cBoe 
HaMepeHHe  make  good  one's 
intentions. 

ocbinarbcn    see    ocbmaxbcn. 

ocbin|aTbC5i  [Asipattja]  im- 
perf -aexcH,  ocbinlaTbcji  [ASt- 
p9ttj9]  perf  -JiexcH,  p  -ajiCH, 
-a„iacb  1.  crumble  {of  plaster- 
ing, etc);  2.  fall  {of  flowers, 
leaves). 

OCb     [os'',     -Z^]      /     OCH,      pi 

ocH,  oceft  1.  axis;  2.  technol 
axle,  pin. 

ocfi3aHn|e  [As^i^zan^iya]  n 
-H  sense  of  touch. 

OT  [ot;  in  the  first  preton- 
ic  position  —  At,  Ad;  in  the 
second  pretonic  position  — 
at,  ad;  in  a  stressed  posi- 
tion—  6t,  od],  OTO  fota;  in 
the  first  pretonic  position  — 
AtA]  prep  with  gen   denoting 

1.  the  starting  poirit  of  a 
movement  from;  ox  OiMCKa  ao 
ToMCKB  from  Omsk  to  Tomsk; 
nojiymirfa  nncbMO  ox  Koro-Ji. 
receive   a    letter    from    smb; 

2.  side:  Hanpaso  ox  AOMa  to 
the  right  of  the  house;  on 
the  right  of  the  house;  cnpa- 
Ba    ox    Bac    on    your    right; 

3.  cause  or  reason:  6AeAHbiH 
ox  cxpaxa  pale  with  fright; 
njiaKaxb  ox  paAocxH  cry  for 
joy;  yMepexb  ox  roAOAa  die 
of  hunger;  4.  a  state,  condi- 
tion, etc,  against  which  some 
precautions,  etc,  are  taken: 
cexKa  OT  KOMapoB   mosquito- 


OT 


—  272  — 


-net;  jieKapcTBo  or  rpHnna 
remedy  for  the  flu;  5.  the 
fact  that  a  thing  forms  part 
of  smth  or  belongs  to  smth: 
KpbiiiiKa  OT  KacTpiojiH  the  lid 
of  a  saucepan;  a  saucepan 
lid;  6.  date:  «npaBAa»  ot  4 
anpejiH  "Pravda"  of  Ap/il  4, 
"Pravda"  dated  April  4; 
<>  OT  pyKH  by  hand  (of  writ- 
ing, etc). 

oT...,  OTO...,  ottj...  pref  of 
verbs  denoting  1.  movement 
away  from  smth:  otdejKaTb 
[Adb^'i^zhat^]  run  off  (a  few 
steps,  etc);  OT-bexaib  [At- 
yekhat^]  drive  off  (a  short 
distance,  etc);  2.  detachment, 
separation:  OTBHHTiiTb  [At- 
v^in''t'it^]  unscrew;  3.  com- 
pletion, cessation  of  an  action: 
OTueecTii  [Attsv^i^s't'i]  finish 
blossoming;  OT^ejKypHTb  [Ad^- 
d^'i^zhur^il*']    come  off  duty. 

0T6epH  [Adb^'i^r^i]  imp  of 
OTo6paTb;  see  0T6HpaTb. 

0T6epy  [Adb^i^ru],  OT^e- 
peiub  [Adb^i^r*»6sh,  -zh]  Jst 
&  2nd  persons  of  OTo6piTb; 
see  oT^HpaTb. 

or6HB|aTb  [Adb^ivat^]  im- 
perf  -aib,  -aeuib,  0T6JMTb  [Ad- 
b'lt^]  perf  oToCbK),  oTo6beiiJb, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -eft  1.  break 
off  (with  a  hammer,  etc); 
2\  beat  off,  repulse  (an  at- 
tack, etc);  3.  col  take  away 
(the  smell,  taste); 
<>  0T6HTb  oxoTy  col  discour- 
age (from  doing  smth). 

0T6HplaTb  [Adb^iraf*]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeujb,  OTo6p|aTb 
[AtAbrat**]  perf  oT6epy,  ot- 
Oepeiub,   p    -aji,    -a;ia,   -ajio, 


-ajiH,  imp  0T6epH  1.  take 
away  (against  a  person's 
will);  2.  choose,  select. 

0T6HTb  see  oTdHsaTb. 

0T6dp  [Adb6r]  m  -a  1.  se- 
lection, selecting;  2.  biol 
selection. 

oxGopHlbiM  [Adbornty]  a 
1.  select,  choice;  2.  col:  ~bie 
Bbipa>KeHHH  refined  expres- 
sions; ~aH  pyraHb  vile  abuse. 

OTCpacbiBJaTb  [Adbrasfvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  OT6p6- 
cJHTb  [Adbros^'it^]  perf  ot- 
6p6iiiy,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
1.  throw  (to  a  side,  back, 
etc);  toss  away;  2.  mil  hurl/ 
throw  back;  3.  fig  give  up,  re- 
ject, dismiss  (ideas,  theories, 
etc);  4.  fig:  ~aTb  TCHb  throw 
a  shadow. 

OT6p6c|bi  [Adbrosi]  pi  -ob 
garbage,  refuse;  waste  matter. 

0T6biB|aTb  [Adbtvat'']  im- 
perf -5k),  -6euib,  0T6|biTb 
[Adbtt*"]  perf  -y^y,  -yjieuib, 
p  -b'lji,  imp  -yAb  1.  depart, 
leave;  2.:  '-aTb  HaKaaaHHe 
serve  one's  sentence. 

OTBdrja  [Atvaga]  / -h  cour- 
age, valour. 

OTBa)KH|biH  [Atvazhniy]  a 
sh  f  oTBan^eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  cour- 
ageous, brave. 

OTBesTH  bee  OTBoaiiTb. 

OTBeprjaTb  [Atv^i^rgat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  OTedpr- 
HJyTb  [Atv^ergnut'']  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  OTBepr  (-yji),  OTBepr- 
jia    imp  -H  reject,  turn  down. 

OTBepHyTbCJi  see  otbop^mh- 

BaTbCH. 

OTBepCTHJe  [Atv^'ers^'t^'iyaJ 
n  -H,  -H  opening,    hoi?;  sjpt 


—  27a  — 


OTB 


(for  coins,  etc);  BxoAHoe  ^-e 
inlet;  BbixoflHoe  ~e  outlet. 
OTBecHJb/H  [Atv^'esniy]  ash 
f  oTBeceH,  -a,  -o,  -u  plumb; 
steep,  sheer. 

OTBCCTH    see   OTBOAHTb. 

OTBCT  [Atv^'et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  answer,  reply;  b  ~ 
Ha...  in  reply  to...  [also  see 
<>];  2,:  npHSBaxb  k  ~-y  call 
to  account; 
<>  B  ~  Ha...  in  response  to... 

OTBeTHTb  see  oTBeqaib  1,  2. 

OTBeTCTBeHHOCT|b  [Atv^e- 
tsf'v^inas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  re- 
sponsibility; 6paTb  qro-Ji.  na 
CBOK)  ~b  do  smth  on  one's 
own  responsibility,  take  smth 
upon  oneself;  npHBjieKaxb  k 
'-H  call  to  account. 

OTBeTCTBeHH|blfi  [Atv^Ctst''- 

v^mnty]  a  sh  f  OTBexcxBen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  responsible;  2. 
important,  crucial;  ~-biH  mo- 
MCHT  crucial  point. 

OTBeH|aTb  [Atv^i^ch^'at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  OTBexJHTb 
[Atv^et^it**]  perf  oxBeny, 
-HU!b,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  an- 
swer, reply;  2.  be  responsi- 
ble (for);  --axb  tojioboh  3a 
Mxo-Ji.  stake  one's  life  on 
smth;  3.  {no  perf):  —  axb 
Tpe6oBaHHHM  [HasHa^eHHio 
u  m.  n.]  meet  the  require- 
ments [purpose,  etc];  ~axb 
HHxepecaM...  accord  with  the 
interests  of... 

oxBJieK|axb  [Atvl^i^kat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  oxBjie|Hb 
[Atvl**ech^]  perf  -Ky,  -weuib, 
p  oxBJieK,  -KJia,  imp  -kh  dis- 
tract, divert    {attention,  etc). 

OTBJieKlaxbcsi       [Atvl^i*^ka- 


tts9]  imperf  -aiocb,  ^eiubCH, 
oxBJie|HbCH  [Atvl^ech^'s^a] 
perf  -Kycb,  -MeuibCH,  p  ox- 
BJieKCH,  -KJiacb,  imp  -KHCb, 
-KHxecb  1.  be  distracted  /  di- 
verted; digress  {in  talking  or 
writing);  2.  abstract  oneself 
{from). 

OXEJieieHHiblH  [Atvl^i^- 

ch^onnty]  a  {pa\  sh  f  oxBJie- 
MCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  abstract  (tfifea, 
etc). 

oxBjieHb  see  oTBJieKaxb. 

oxB.ieqbCft  seeoxB.JieKaxbCH. 

dXB0A|HXb  [AtvAd^it^]  im- 
perf OXBO^y,  OXBOAHUJb,  p 
-HJi,     imp    -H,    OXBe|cXH     [At- 

oxBeji,  -j\a,  imp  -ah  1.  lead, 
take  {to  some  place,  in  a  cer- 
tain direction);  -— HXb  soficKa 
withdraw  the  troops;  2.: 
~HXb  BOAy  drain;  oxBecxH 
rjiasa  look  aside  \also  see  OJ; 
3.  parry  {a  blow);  4.  fig  re- 
ject {a  candidacy);  5.  allot, 
destine  {land,  premises  for 
smth); 

<>  ~Hxb  pojib  assign  a  part; 
OTBecTH  Ayuiy  unburden  one's 
heart;  oxBecxH  rjiasa  Koiviy-Ji. 
=  deceive  smb. 

oxBoalHXb  [AtvAz^it^]  im- 
perf OXBOJKy,  OXBOSHIIIb,  p  -HJI, 

imp  -H,  OTBcajxH  [Atv^i^- 
s^t^'i]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  ox- 
Bes,  -Jia,  imp  -h  take  away 
{in  a  vehicle). 

oxBOpaHHB|axbcsi  [AtvAra- 
ch^ivattsa]  imperf  -aracb, 
-aeuibCH,  0TBepH|yxbCH  [At- 
v''i^rnuttj9]  perf  -^Cb,  -euibCH, 
p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  I.  avert   one's    face  / 


0TB 


—  274  — 


eyes;  look  the  other  way;  2. 
fig  break  (with  smb). 

OTBpaTHTeJlbH|blH       [AtvrA- 

t^it^'il^nly]  a  sh  /oTEpaTrite- 
jieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  disgusting, 
loathsome. 

OTBpameHHie  [AtviAsh^ie- 
n^iya]  n  -h  aversion,  disgust, 
repugnance;  BHyiiiaxb  ~e  fill 
with  disgust;  nHTaxb  -^e  k... 
loathe... 

OTBbiKJaTb  [Atvlkat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  OTBbiKH|yTb 
[Atviknut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
OTBbiK,  oTBWKJia,  imp  -H  fall 
out  of  the  habit  of,  lose  the 
habit  of. 

OTBJISaTb     sec     0TBH3bIBaTb 
OTBSJSaTbCfl        see       0TBH3bI- 
BaTbCH. 

0TBfl3biB|aTb  [Atv^'aztvat^l 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  0TBsi|3aTb 
[Atv^i*^zat^]  perf  -my,  ot- 
BflH<eiiib,  p  -3aji,  imp  -jkh 
untie,  unfasten  [separate 
from). 

0TBn3biB|aTbcsi  [Atv^aziva- 
ttj9]  imperf  -aioGb,  -aeiubCH, 
0TBfl|3aTbCfl  fAtv^i^zattja] 
perf  ->Kycb,  0TBHH<embCH,  p 
-3ajicH,  -sajiacb,  imp  -M<HCb, 
->KHTecb  1.  come  untied,  come 
loose,  get  undone;  2.  fig  col 
get  rid  (of);  3.  fig  cot  leave 
alone,  leave  in  peace;  stop 
nagging.^ 

OTraitaxb    see    OTra;ibiBaTb. 

OTraAbiB|aTb  [Adgadtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  OTrafljaTb 
[AdgAdaf*]  perf  -aio,  -aeuib 
guess  (a  riddle,  etc). 

OTroBapHB|aTb  [AdgAvar^i- 
V9t''l  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  ot- 
roBoplMTb  [AdgavAr^it*'!  perf 


-K),  -rfuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  dis- 
suade   talk  out  {of). 

OT;ia|BaTb  [AddAvat**]  im- 
perf -K),  -euib,  p  -saji,  imp 
-Baft,  OTA|aTb  [Addat^l  perf 
-aM,  -aujb,  -acT,  -aAHM,  -aAH- 
Te,  -aAyT,  p  oTAaji,  -a;ia,  6t- 
Aajio,  OT^ajiH,  imp -avi  1.  re- 
turn, give  back;  2.  give  up, 
hand  over,  relinquish;  3.  fig 
give  up,  sacrifice,  devote 
wholly;  4.  send,  put  (a  child 
to  school,  a  kindergarten,  etcy^ 
5.  col  let  have  (in  selling)-, 
6.:  —BaTb  npHKasaHHe  issue 
an  order,  give  an  order; 
—  BaTb  npeAnoMxeHHe  show 
preference  (to),  give  pref- 
erence (to);  7.  (no  perf) 
taste   (of),  savour  (of);  smell 

(Of)', 

<>  -^Baib  ;i6ji)KHoe  KOMy-ji. 
[HeMy-ji.]  do  justice  to  smb 
[smthl;  --BaTb  noA  cya  pros- 
ecute. 

oTAajieHHibiH  [AddAl^onniy] 
a  [pa]  sh  f  oTflajieH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  remote,  distant. 

OTjiaTb  see  oT^aBaTb  1,  2, 
3,  4,  5,  6. 

OTAeji  [Ad^d^ell  m  -a,  -ob 
(office)  department;  —  Ka;;- 
poB  personnel  /  staff  depart- 
ment. 

OTAejieHH|e  [Ad^d^i^Pe- 
n^iys]  n  -h,  -h  1.  separation 
(the  process  of)',  2.  compart- 
ment, section;  MauiHHHoe  ~e 
engine  room  /  compartment; 
--e  nHCbMCHHoro  CTOJia  pi- 
geon-hole (in  a  desk);  3.  de- 
partment, (local)  branch  (of 
a  bank,  etc);  — e  mhjihixhh 
local  militia  station;  4»  part 


^  275  — 


OTK 


(of  a  concert,  etc);  5.  mil  sec- 
tion; US  squad. 

OTACJlHTb   see  0TA6JlHTb. 

OTAejibH|biH  [Ad^d^el^niy]  a 
separate;  ~biH  bxoa  private 
entrance;  —  bie  jiHua  individ- 
uals. 

OTflejiiaxb  [Ad^d^i^l'at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  0Tfleji|HTb 
tAd^d^i^l^it^]  perf  -ib,  otac- 
jiHuibi  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  separate, 
detach,  disjoin;  — HTb  3a- 
HaseCKOH  [neperopoAKofi]  cur- 
tain [partition]  off. 

OTflOXHyTb  see  oT^bixaxb. 

OTAbix  [oddjkii,  -gh]  m 
-a  rest,  repose;  relaxation 
{amusement)',  rest  and  recre- 
ation. 

OTAbix|aTb  [Addikhat^]  /m- 
perf -mi,  -aemb,  0TA0XH|yTb 
[AddAkhnut^]  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  rest,  have  a 
rest;  -^axb  y'MopH  spend  one's 
holidays  at  the  seaside. 

oxei;  [At^ets.  -dz]  m  oTua, 
pi  OTiibi,  OTUOB  father  {of  a 
family). 

OTeHecTBeHH|bifl  [At^'ech*'!- 
s^t^v^inniy]  a  home  {attr) 
{industry,  etc);  Toeapbi  ~or,o 
npoHSBOACTBa  home-made 
goods; 
<0^  ~aji  BOHHa  patriotic  war. 

OTeHecTBlo  [At'ech^'istva]  n 
-a  native  land,  fatherland. 

0T3QBI1  [AdzAv^i]  imp  of 
OTosBBTb;  see  oTSbiBaxb, 

OXSOBHCb    [AdZAV^is^,     -Z^], 

OXSGBHXeCb  [AdzAv^'if'is^,  -z^] 
imp  of  oxosBaxbCH;  see  ox3bi- 

BaXbCH. 

OX30By  [AdzAVU],  OXSOBeUIb 

[AdzAV^osh,  -zh]  1st     &  2nd 


persons  of  oToasaxb;    see  ox- 

3bIBaXb, 

OXSOByCb  [AdzAvus^,  -z^], 
OXSOBeUlbGH  [AdzAV^6shs^8] 
1st  &  2nd  persons  of  oxosBaxb- 
ch;  see  ox3biBaxbC5i. 

6x3biB  [odztf,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
opinion,  reference;  review 
{of  a  book,  article,  etc);  aaxb 
xopoiiiHH  — /o  KOM-ji.  give  a 
good  reference  to  smb. 

ox3biB|axb  [Adzivat^l  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  oxo33|axb 
[AtAzvat^l  perf  0T30By,  ofab- 
fieujb,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -aJiH, 
imp  0X30BH  1.  take  /  call 
aside;  2.  recall  {an  ambassa- 
dor, etc). 

oxswEJaxbCJi  [Adztvattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  oro- 
3B|axbcji     [AtAZvattja]      perf 

0X30ByCb,    OXSOBCUIbCH,  p  -3J\- 

CH,  -ajiacb,  -ajiocb  (-a.nocb), 
-ajiHCb  (-ajiHCb),  imp  0x3o- 
BHCb,  oxsoBHxecb  1.  answcr 
{when  one  is  called);  2.  speak 
(0/  smb,  smth,  in  a  specified 
way). 

0X3bIBHHB|bIl!         [Adz+fch^i- 

viy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -0,  -bi  re- 
sponsive, sympathetic. 

oxKas  [Atkas,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
refusal,  repudiation;  He  npH- 
HHMaxb  ~a  not  to  take  "no" 
for  the  answer;  oxBexHXb  —om 
deny  (a  request); 
<>  pa66xaxb  6e3  ^a  run 
smoothly  {of  an  engine,  etc); 
flo  —a  1)  to  overflowing  /  sa- 
tiety; 2)  as  far  as  it  will 
go  {of  a  screw,  etc). 

oxKa3axb   see   oxKasbmaxb. 

oxKa3axbcsi     see     oxKa3bi- 

BaXbCH. 


OTK 


—  278  — 


OTKdsbiBJaTb  [Atkazlvat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  OTKaajaTb 
[AtkAzat^]  perf  oTKa^Ky,  ot- 
Ka>Kemb,  p  -aji,  imp  oTKajKH 
1.  deny  (a  pleasure,  etc)\  re- 
fuse (a  request,  etc);  —aib 
KOMy-ji.  B  qcM-Ji.  deny  smb 
smth;  2.  'col  not  work;  nacoc 
OTKaaaji  the  pump  wouldn't 
work; 

^  ^arb  ce6e  bo  eceivi  stint 
oneself  in  everything;  eiviy 
HCJibsn  oTKasaTb  e  Be^jiHBo- 
CTH  [ocTpoyMHH  u  m.  n.] 
there's  no  denying  that  he 
is  polite  [witty,  etc];  He  ot- 
Ka^KHTC  B  jiK)6e3HOCTH  be 
so  kind  {as  to). 

0TKa3bIB|aTbCJI       [AtkaZfV9- 

ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
0TKa3|aTbc$i  [AtkAzatts9]  perf 
OTKaJKycb,  0TKa>KembCH,  p 
-ajiCH,  -ajiacb,  imp  oTKa- 
jKHCb,  0TKa>KHTecb  1.  refuse, 
decline,  repudiate;  —axb- 
CH  OT  CBorix  CJIOB  eat  one's 
words;  go  back  on  one's  word; 

— -aTbCH     OT     CBOefi      nOAHHCH 

deny  one's  signature;  OTKa- 
saTbCJi  Haoxpea  refuse  point- 
-blank;  2.  relinquish,  give  up; 

■~aTbCH  OT   npHTHSaHHH   Ha... 

renounce  one's  claims  to.,.; 
OTKaaaTbCH  ot  aojdkhocth  re- 
sign one's  post;  ^aTbCJi  ot 
6opb6bi  give  up  struggle. 

oTKjiaAbiBlaTb  [Atkladivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  oTJioKJHTb 
[AtlAzhft'']  perf  -y,  otjio- 
jKHUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  put  / 
lay  aside;  2.  hoard,  put  by; 
3.  put  off,  delay,  postpone; 
oTJio>KHTb  napTHK)  adjoum  a 
game  (of  chess). 


OTKjiHK  [6tkl''ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
pi  -H,  -OB  1.  -response  (a  feel- 
ing); HaftTH  lUHpoKHH  ~  meet 
with  a  warm  response;  2.  pi 
comments  {on  a  political 
statement,  etc). 

OTKJIHK  I  axbcsi  [AtkPikattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  ot- 
KJiHKHJyTbCfl  [Atkl^iknutts9] 
perf  -ych,  -euibCH,  p  -yjiCH,  -y- 
jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  1.  an- 
swer {when  one  is  called);  2. 
fig  respond  {to  an  appeal, 
etc). 

OTKJlOHHTb     See     OTKJIOHHTb. 

OTKJioHJflTb  [AtklXn^^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiiib,  otkjio- 
HJHTb  [AtkUn^it^]    perf    -ib, 

OTKJlOHHIUb,     p      -HJI,     imp     -H 

1.   deflect;    2.  fig  decline  (a 
request,  proposal,  etc). 

otkoc  [Atkos,  -z]  m.-a,-0B 
slope  {of  a  hill,  etc); 
<>  nycTHTb  noA  ^  derail. 

OTKpoBeHH|biJf  [AtkrAv^^n- 
nty]  ashf  oTKpoBeneH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  frank,  outspoken,  candid. 

0TKpbiB|aTb  [Atkrivaf*] //n- 
perf  -kK),  -^eiub,  OTKp|biTb 
lAtkrtt^l  perf  ^oio,  -oeuib,  p 
-biji,  imp  -6ft  1.  open  (a  door 
window,  etc);  —  aTb  HacTe>Kb 
open  wide;  2.  inaugurate  {an 
exhibition,  monument,  etc); 
open  {a  theatre,  meeting,  etc); 
3.  discover  {a  new  land,  de- 
posit, etc);  4.  let  out,  reveal 
{a  secret); 

<>    OTKpbiTb    flyuiy    KOMy-ji. 
open  one's  heart  to  smb. 

OTKpbiTH|e  [Atkrtt^iys]  n 
-fi,  -ft  1.  opening  (//le  process 
of);  inauguration-  2.  discov- 
ery {scientific,  geographical). 


^277  — 


OTKpMTlKa  [Atkr+tks]  /-kh, 
-OK  postcard;  picture  post- 
card. 

OTKpbiT|biH  [Atkrttty]  a[pa] 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  open  {1) 
window,  etc;  2)  country,  etc; 
3)  car,  etc);  2.  frank,  open- 
-hearted; 

<>    ^oe    rojiocoBaHHe    open 
ballot. 

OTKpblTb    see   OTKpblBaTb. 

OTKyna  [Atkuda]  adv  \.  in- 
ter where  from;  ^  bm  npH- 
exajiH?  where  do  you  come 
from?;  ^  sbi  3to  SHaexe? 
how  do  you  (happen  to)  know 
it?;  2.  rel  from  which; 
<>  ~  HH  BosbMHcb  col  ^  Sud- 
denly. 

OTKyncpHB|aTb  [Atkupar^i- 
vat'']  imperf  -aro,  -aeuib,  ot- 
KynoplHTb  [Atkupar^it^]  perf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp 'U  un- 
cork. 

OTKycHTb  see    oTKycbisaTb. 

OTKycbiB|aTb  [Atkusivat^l 
imperf  -aio, -aeiiib,  axKycliiTb 
[Atkus^'it^]  perf  oTKymy,  ot- 
KycHuib,  p  -vLJi,  imp  -h  bite 
off. 

OTJiefl  [AtPey]  imp  of  ot- 
jiHTb;  see  oTjiHsaxb. 

OTJlHB    [AtPif,    -V]m    -a, -OB 

ebb  {also  fig);  ebb-tide. 

OTjiHRJaTb  [Atl^ivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  OTJi|HTb 
[AtPit^J  perf  oTojibK),  oxo- 
jibeiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -efl  1. 
pour  off  /  out  (a  certain  quanr 
tity  of  some  liquid);  2.  found, 
cast  in  mould. 

OTJiH4|aTb  [Atl^'ich'aJ^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  OTJiHH|HTb 
(AtPich^it^'J  perl  -y,  -Hiub,  p 


-HJI,  imp  -H  distinguish,  tell 
{one  from  another). 

0TJiH4|aTbC5i  [Atl^ich^attgaJ 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  ot- 
jiHH|HTbc$i  [Atl^ich**ittsa]  perf 

-yCb,     -HIUbCH,     p     -HJICH,    -H- 

jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  1.  {no 
perf)  differ  {from);  2.  {no 
perf)  be  notable  {for),  be  re- 
markable {for);  3.  distinguish 
oneself  {also  ironically). 

OTJiMHHle  [Atl^ich^iya] /I -H, 
-H  1.  difkrence,  distinction; 
2.  merit,  distinguished  serv- 
ices; AHnjioM  c  —eM  honours 
diploma; 

<>  B  ^e  ox...  as  distinct 
from... 

0XJIH4HXb   see  OXJIHMaXb. 
OXJlHHHXbC»     see    OXJIHMaXb- 
CH    3. 

oxjiHHH|biH  [Atl^ich^niy]  a 
sh  f  oxjiMMeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
different  {from);  2.  excellent, 
perfect;  ~oe  Hacxpoenne  high 
spirits. 

oxjiojKHXb  see  oxKjiaAUBaxb. 

oxMejijb  [otm^iP]  /  -H,  -efi 
(sand-)bar,  shallow,  shoal. 

oxMeHHxb  see  oxMCHHXb. 

oxMeH|HXb  [Atm^i^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -Jieujb,  oxMeHJl^xb 
[jvtm^i^nMt^]  perf  -ib,  oxm^- 
HHuib,  p  -HJI, /mp -H  abolish, 
repeal,  abrogate;  cancel;  re- 
verse, disaffirm. 

oxMCXHXb  see  oxMenaxb. 

cxMexlK-a  [Atm^etka]  / -kh, 
-OK  1.  mark,  notch;  2.  mark, 
grade  {at  school). 

oxMenlaxb  [Atm^'i^ch^at^] 
imperf -aio,  -aeiiib,  oxMex|MXfa 
[Atm^'et^it^]  perf  oxMe^y, 
-uiub,  p  -liJii  imp  -b  1.  mark, 


OTM 


—  278  — 


note;  mark  off  {with  a  tick, 
marker,  etc);  2.  mention  {fa- 
vourably or  unfavourably); 
cjieAveT  OTMexHTb,  hto...  it 
should  be  noted  that...;  3. 
mark,  celebrate. 

OTMOpajKHBlaxb  [AtmAra- 
zhiv9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
OTMoposiHTb  [AtmAroz^it^j 
perf  0TM0p6>Ky,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -hi  oTMoposHTb  ce6eD;e- 
KH  [hoc  u  m.  n.]  get  one's 
cheeks  [nose,  etc]  frostbitten. 

OTHeCTH  see   OTHOCHTb. 
OTHeCTHCb  see     OXHOCHIbCH 

1,  2. 

OTHHMlaxb  [Atn^imat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  OTHfl[|Tb  [At- 
n^k\^\perf  oTHHMy.orfiHMemb, 

P  OTHHJl,  -Jia,   OTHHJIO,  OTHHJIH, 

imp  OTHHMH  1.  take  (away) 
{smth  from  smb);  2.  col  sub- 
tract; 3.  col  amputate;  4.  take 
{time,  energy,  etc); 
<>  — axb  OT  rpyAH  wean  {a 
baby);  HCJibsn  oTHMTb  y  Hero 
[y  Hce  u  m.  d.\  ocTpoyMHH 
[cKpoMHOCTH  u  m.  n.\  it  can't 
be  denied  that  he  [she,  etc] 
is  witty  [modest,  etc]. 

OTHOCHTeinbHO   [AtnAS^It^ll''- 

na]  I  adv  relatively; 

II  prep-with  gen  concerning, 

relative  to,  about. 

OTHOCHTeJIbHJblH        [AtnAS^l- 

t^il^'niy]  a  sh  f  oxHOCHxejieH , 
-a,  -0,  -bi  relative  {position, 
success,  etc). 

oxHoc|HXb  [AtnAS^it^]  im- 
perf OXHOUiy,  OXHOCHlUb,  p  -HJI, 

imp  -H,  oxHeclxH  [Atri^'i^s^'t^i] 
P^^f  -y,  -euib,  p  oxHec,  -jia, 
imp  -H  1.  take  {smth  some- 
where on  feat);  2.  carry  away 


{by  the  wind,  current);  3.  at- 
tribute {to),  ascribe  {to);  h 
He  oxHomy  sxy  KHHry  k  mhc- 
jiy  HHxepecHbix  I  don't  think 
/  consider  the  book  to  be 
interesting. 

oxHoclHxbCfl  [AtnAs^ittja] 
imperf  oxHomycb,  oxHocHmb- 
CH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb,  oxHec|xMCb  [Atn^i^- 
s^t^is^]  perf  -ycb,  -eiiibCH,  p 
oxHeccH,  -jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -h- 
xecb  1.  treat  {smb  kindly, 
badly,  etc);  2.  regard  {in  a 
certain  light);  --HXbCH  cepb- 
e3Ho  take  seriously;  KaK  Bbi 
oxHocHxecb  K  sxoMy?  what  do 
you  think  of  it?;  3.  {no  perf) 
concern,  have  to  do  {with); 
9X0  K  jiejiy  He  oxhochxch  it's 
neither  here    nor    there;    sxo 

B  OAHHaKOBOH  MCpe  OXHOCHXCH 

K...  it  applies  equally  to...; 
4.  {no  perf)  date  {from);    axo 

OXHOCHXCH      K     XOMy    BpCMeHH, 

KorAa...  it  dates  back  to  the 
time  when... 

oxHoujeHH|e  [AtnAshen^iya] 
n  -H,  pi  -H,  -H  1.  attitude  {to 
smb,  smth);  6e3AyuiHoe  ~-e 
callous  attitude;  6=jiaro}Kejia- 
xejibHoe  ^e  good  will;  Jiio- 
66BHoe  ---e  k  A^Jiy  enthusiasm 
about  one's  work;  2.  pi  re- 
lations; 6bIXb  B  XOpOUIHX  ~HX 

be  on  good  terms;  3.  relation, 
connexion;  4.  (official)  letter; 
<>  B  3X0M  ~H  i'n  this  respect; 
no  ~io  K...  in  respect  to... 

oxHHXb  see  oxHHMaxb. 

0X0  see  ox. 

oxo...  see  ox... 

oxo6paxb  see  ox6Hpaxb. 

oxo6bio  [AtAb^'yul,  oxo6beuib 


—  279  -- 


OTn 


[AtAb^yosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  0T6HTb;  see  ot6h- 
Baxb. 

OTOBCibfly  [AtAfs^udu]  adv 
from  everywhere,  from  every 
quarter. 

OTOflBHrjaxb  [Atadv^igat^] 
imperf  -ara,  -aeuib,  otoabh- 
HJyTb  [AtAdv^inut^l  perf  -y, 
-eiiib,  p -yji,  imp  -b  1.  move/ 
push  aside;  2.  fig  col  put  off 
postpone, 

0T03BaTb  see  OTSbmaib. 

OTosBaxbcsi  see  OTSbmaTb.cH. 

OTOHTH    see   OTXOAHTb. 
OTOJlbK)  [AtAl^yu],  OTOJIbeiUb 

[AtApyosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  oTjiHTb;  see  otjih- 
saTb. 

OTOMCTHTb   see   MCTHTb. 

OTonjieHHle  [AtApPen^iya] 
n  -H  heating  {in  a  house,  etc). 

OTonpH  [AtApr^i]  imp  of 
OTnepexb;  see  oinHpaxb. 

OTonpy  lAtApru],  OTonpeuib 
[AtAprMsh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  oxnepeTb;  see  ot- 
nHpaxb. 

OTOpBarb  see  OTpbieatb. 

oTopBaxbCJi  see  oipbiBaxbCH. 

oxocjiaxb  see  oxcbijiaxb. 

oxnafllaxb  [AtpAdat^]  im- 
perf -aex,  oxnajcxb  [Atpas^t^] 
perf  -Aex,  p  '-ji  1.  fall  off  / 
away;  2.  become  unnecessary, 
pass;  Bonpoc  ~aex  the  ques- 
tion no  longer  arises;  Heo6- 
xoAHMOcxb  oxnajia  there  is  no 
need  for  it  any  longer. 

oxnepexb  see  oxnupaxb. 

oxneHax|oK  [Atp^i'^ch^'atak, 
-g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  imprint,  im- 
press {also  fig);  ~ok  najibua 
finger-print;        HaKJiaAbiBaxb 


~0K  leave  a  mark,  imprint. 

oxnHp|axb  [Atp^irat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiijb,  oxnepjexb 
[Atp^i^r^et^]  perf  oxonpy, 
oxonpeuib,  p  oxnep,  -jia,  6x- 
nepjio,  oxnepJiH,  imp  oxonpH 
unlock;  unbolt;  open  {a  door, 
etc). 

oxnjiaxMxb  see  oxnjiaqHBaxb. 

oxnjiaHHBJaxb  [Atplach^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  ox- 
njiaxlHxb  [AtplAt^it^]  perf  ox- 
njiaqy,  oxnjiaxHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  pay  back,  repay. 

oxnop  [Atpor]  m  -a  rebuff, 
repulse. 

"oxnpaBHxb  see  oxnpasjiHXb. 

oxnpaBHxbCii    see     oxnpaB- 

JlHXbCH. 

oxopaBjijaxb  [AtprAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hhd,  -nemb,  oxnpa- 
BJHXb  [Atprav^it^]  perf  -jik), 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b  send,  dis- 
patch. 

oxnpaBji|flxbCfl  [AtprAvl^a- 
ttj9]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -HeiiibCH, 
oxnpaB|HxbCM  [Atprav^ittja] 
perf  -jiiocb,  -HiubCH,  p  -hjich, 
-Hciacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  set 
off  /  out,  go  {to  a  place);  no- 
e3A  —HexcH  b  AecHXb  the 
train  leaves  at  ten;  -— HXbCH 
noesAOM  go  by  train. 

oxnpdsAHOBaxb    see    npasA- 

HOBaXb. 

oxnycK  [otpusk,  -zg]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  holiday,  leave, 
leave  of  absence;  — -  no  6o- 
jiesHH  sick-leave;  ACKpexHufi 
—  maternity  leave. 

oxnycKJaxb  [Atpuskat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  oxnycx|HXb 
[Atpus^t^it^]  perf  oxnymy, 
oxnycxHuib,    p    -hjt,    imp    -h 


OTp 


—  280 


1.  let  go,  let  off;  release;  set 
free;  2.  slacken,  loosen  {one's 
grip,  a  rope,  reins,  etc);  3. 
grow  {a  beard,  moustache,  etc); 
4.  sell,  serve;  issue  {supplies 
from  a  warehouse);  ~aTb  cpe;i- 
CTBa  allocate  funds  {for  con- 
struction, etc); 

<>  --arb  ccTpoTW  col  crack 
jokes;  --aTb  KOMnjiHMeHTbi 
col  pay  compliments. 

OTpaSaTbiBiaxb  [AtrAbati- 
vat^i  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ot- 
pa^oTJaTb  [AtrAbotat'']  perf 
-aio,  -aemb  1.  clear  /  repay  by 
working;    work    off    {a  debt); 

2.  work  {for  a  certain  period); 

3.  {no  imperf)  col  finish  (one's 
work);  4.  master  {by  practis- 
ing). 

orpaBHTb  see  oipaejiHTb. 

OTpasjilflTb  [AtrAvl^at^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -nemb,  oxpaelHTb 
[AtrAV^it^]  perf  -jitb,  orpa- 
BHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  poison 
{also  fig). 

oTpawlaxb  [AtrAzhat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  oxpaalHTb 
[AtrAz^it'']  perf  OTpa^^y,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  repulse,  re- 
pel, parry;  2.  reflect  {1)  light, 
heat,  etc;  2)  an  image,  etc; 
3)  life,  reality,  etc). 

oxpacjijb  [otras^l'']  /  -h,  -eft 
branch,  field,  sphere. 

oxpejtaKxMpoBaxb  see  pe^aK- 

THpOBaXb. 

oxpeaaxb  see  oxpeaaxb. 

oxpesl^xb  [Atr^'i'^zat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -keuib,  oxpeajaxb 
[Atr^ezat**]  perf  orpewy,  ot- 
p6}Kemb,  p  -aji,  imp  oxpe>Kb 
1.  cut  off,  snip  off;  2.  col 
snub,  cut  short. 


oxpeKlaxbCJi  [Atr^i^kittsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  ox- 
pel  Hbcn  [Atr^ech^'s^a]  perf 
-KyCb,  -MSlIIbCH,  -KyxcH,  p 
OTpeKCH,     -KJifiCb,     imp    -KHCb, 

-KHTecb    renounce    {one's   be- 
liefs, a  wicked  son,  etc);  dis- 
own, repudiate; 
<>  oxpeHbCfl  ox  npecxojia  ab- 
dicate. 
oxpeMOHXHpoBaxb    see    pe- 

MOHTHpOBaib. 

oxpeHbCfl  see  oxpeKaxbCH. 

oxpHuaHH|e  [Atr^itsan^iya] 
n  -H  1.  denial,  negation;  2. 
ling  negation. 

oxpHudxejibHlbiH  [Atr'itja- 
t^ii^'niy]  a  sh  f  oxpHuaxejien, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  1.  unfavourable 
{estimate^  opinion,  etc);  neg- 
ative {answer,  etc);  2.  nega- 
tive {character,  results,  etc); 
3.  phys  negative. 

oxpHujaxb  [Atr^itjat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib  deny,  dis- 
claim; ^axb  CBOK)  BHHy  1)  de- 
ny one's  guilt;  2)  law  plead 
not  guilty. 

oxpbiB|axb  [Atrivaf]  im- 
perf -aw,  -aemb,  oxopB|axb 
[AtArvat**]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-aji,  -ajia,  -^Jio,  -ajiH,  imp  -h 
1.  tear  off  /  away;  2.  interrupt, 
disturb;  oxopBaxb  kofoji.  ot 
pa66xbi  distract  smb  from 
work, 

oxpbiB|axbcsi  [Atrivattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  oxo- 
pBlaxbCfl  [AtArvattja]  perf 
-ycb,  -eujbCH,  p  -ajicH,  -ajiacb, 
-ajiocb    (-ajiocb),    -ajiHCb  (-a- 

JlHCb),     imp    -HCb,     -Hxecb     1. 

tear  off,  come  off  {of   a  but- 
ton,  etc);    Z     take   off  {of  a 


—  281  — 


plane);  3.    tear  oneself   away 
(from);  lose  touch  {with); 
<>■    He    — aacb    without  stop- 
ping {work,  etc). 

OTpbiB|oK  [Atrtvsk,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  'KGB  fragment,  extract, 
passage,  excerpt. 

OTpflA  [Atr'at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  detachment,  unit. 

OTCpOMHBlaTb  [Atsroch'i- 
vat^l  imperf  -aw,  -aeuib,  ot- 
cp6H|HTb[Atsr6ch*'it^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  postpone, 
put  off. 

OTCTalBaxb  [AtstAvat^]  im- 
perf -K),  -euib,  p  -eaji,  imp 
-Baft,  OTCTalxb  [Atstat^j  perf 
-Hy,  -Heuib,  p  -Ji,  imp  -Hb  1. 
fall  /  lag  behind  {also  fig);  be 
(a  certain  distance)  behind; 
He  —  Baxb  OT  JKH3HH  keep 
abreast  of  the  times;  2.  be 
slow  {of  a  timepiece);  3.  come  / 
peel  off  {of  wallpaper,  paint, 
etc);  4.  col  leave  /  let  alone. 

oTCTaelKa  [Atstafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  resignation  {from  a  post, 
etc);  B  ~Ke  retired  {officer, 
etc);  yftiH  b  ~Ky  resign 
{one's  post). 

OTCTaHB|aTb  [Atstalvat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiiib,  0TCT0|HT.b 
[AtstAyat^]  perf  -k>,  -riiub,  p 
-HJi  defend,  advocate,  cham- 
pion, uphold;  — aTbCBoe  mhc- 
HHC  persist  in  one's  opinion. 

OTCT-ajibifi  [Atstaliy]  a  back- 
ward, retarded;  underdevelop- 
ed. 

OTcraTb  see  OTCTaBaib. 

OTCTOflTb'  see  OTCXaHBaTb. 

OTcrpaHHTb  see  OTCxpaHHTb. 

oTCTpaHlflTb     [AtstrAn^at'l 

imperf   -hio,    -neuib,   oicTpa- 


HlHTb  [AtstrAn^it^]  per/  -ib, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  push 
aside;  2.  remove  (from  a  post); 
suspend    (from   one's   duties). 

OTCTynjaTb  [Atstupat^j  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  0TCTyn|HTb 
[Atstup^'it^]  perf  -jito,  OTCTy- 
HHuib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  step 
back,  recoil;  2.  mil  retreat, 
fall  back;  3.  fig  retreat;  4. 
deviate,  depart  (from  the  let- 
ter of  the  law,  the  truth , 
etc). 

oTCTynjieHHle  [Atstupl^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  mil  retreat 
(also  fig);  oTpeaaTb  ce6e  nyxb 
K  -— K)  burn  one's  boats; 
2.  departure  (from  the  rules, 
etc);  digression. 

OTcyTCTBHJe  [Atsutst^v^'iya] 
n  -H  absence;  lack  (of),  want 
(of);  3a  —CM  BpeMCHH  for  lack 
of  time. 

OTcyTCTBloBaTb  [Atsutstva- 
vat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-oBaji,  imp  -yfl  be  absent;  — o- 
Baxb  Ha  co6paHHH  [jickuhh 
u  m.  n.\  be  absent  from  a 
meeting  [lecture,  etc]. 

OTCbiJilaTb  [Atstlat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiiJb,  0T0CJi|aTb  [AtA- 
slat^l  perf  otouijik)/  oxOmjieuib, 
p  -aji,  imp  oTouiJiH  1.  send 
away  /  off;  send  back;  2.  refer 
(a  person  to  smb  or  smth  for 
aid,  information,  etc). 

0TCH)jKSi[Ais^ud9]adv\.  from 
here;  2.  hence  (therefore). 

0TTajiKHB|aTb  [Attalk^ivat*'] 
imperf  -aip,  -aemb,  ottojik- 
H|yTb  [AttAlknut^l  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  push 
away;  2.  alienate,  antago- 
nize. 


—  ZS2  — 


ottchIok  [At^t^enak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  nuance,  shade  (also 

fig)' 

OTTenejijb  [ot^t^'ip^il^]  /  -h, 
•eft  thaw,  thawing. 

OTToro  lAttAvo]  adv  that's 
why;   --  MTO  because,  since. 

oTTOjiKHyib  see  orrajiKH- 
BaTb. 

oTxoAJHTb  [AtkhAd'^it^]  im- 
perf  oTxo>Ky,  oTxoAHUib,  p 
-i5ji,  imp  -H,  otoh|th  [AtAyt^i] 
perf  -fly,  -Aeiub,  p  oTomeji, 
OTouijia,  imp  -ah  1.  move 
away  /  off;  leave,  start  {of  a 
train,  etc);  depart  (according 
to  schedule)',  2.  mil  withdraw, 
fall  back;  3.  step  aside;  4. 
fig  deviate,  digress  [from  a 
subject,  etc);  5.  come  off  [of 
a  fixture,  fitting,  etc);  6.  col 
recover,  come  to  oneself. 

0Tx6A|bi  [Atkhodi]  pi  -ob 
waste  (material). 

oma  [Attja],  OTUOB  [Attjof, 
-v]  see  oTeu. 

OTHaHBJaTbcsi  [At^ch^aiva- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
OTHa|flTbCJi  [Af'ch^ayattja] 
perf  -locb,  -eiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb  despair  (of);  give  way 
to  despair. 

oTHacTH  [At^ch^as^'t'^i]  adv 
partly. 

OTHajiHH|e  [At^ch^ayan^iya] 
n  -H  despair  (the  state  of). 

cTMajiTbcji  see  omaHBaxbCH. 

OTHero  [At*'ch''i^v6]  adv 
inter  &  rel  why. 

6THecTB|o  [ot^ch^'istva]  n 
-a,  ~  patronymic. 

OTMCT  [At^ch^'ot,  -d]  m    -a, 
-OB  account,  report; 
<^  OTAaBaTb  ce6e  ^  e  hcm-ji. 


be  aware  of  smth,  realize 
smth;  He  OTAaBaxb   ce6e    ^a 

fail  to  realize. 

OTHeTJlHB|bIH       [At^ch^otl^i- 

viy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -u 
distinct  (articulation,  etc). 

OTHHM  [ot'^ch'^im]  m  -a,  -ob 
stepfather. 

OTMHTarbCfl      see      oxMHTbi- 

BaXbCH. 

oxHHxbiBlaxbcji  [At^ch^'iti- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
OTMHx|axbcji  [At^ch^itattja] 
perf  -aipcb,  -aeiiibCH  give  an 
account  (of),  report  (on). 

0TmjiH4)0Baxb  see  iujih^k)- 
Baxb. 

OTi....  see  ox.... 

ox-besA  [Atyest,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  departure,  going  away. 

oxbicKaxb  see  oxb'iCKHBaxb. 

oxbicKHB|axb  [Atlsk^'ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  oxbicK|axb 
[Atiskat^]  perf  oxbimy,  oxbi- 
meujb,  p  -2lj\,  imp  oxbimH 
find  (discover  by  search);  im- 
perf also  look  for,  search  for. 

c(|)Huep  [Af^itser]  m  -a,  -ob 
(commissioned)  officer. 

o4)Hi;HajibH|biA  [Af^itjtal^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  o^wixaajieu,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  official;  formal  (call, 
etc). 

o(t)HUHaHX  [Af^itjtant,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  waiter  (at  a  restau' 
rant,  etc). 

o(j)HUHaHx|Ka  [Af^itjtantka] 
/  -KH,  -OK  waitress. 

o(|)6pMHXb  see  o^^opivijiHXb. 

o4)opMJilHXb  [AfArmPat''] 
f'mper/ -HK), -HeiiJb,  0(J)6pM|HXb 
[Aform^it'']  perf  -jik),  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  put  into 
shape,  get  up;  2.  register  of- 


—  283  — 


OMK 


ficially,  make  official;  o(|)6p- 
MHTb  Ha  pa66Ty  put  on  the 
staff. 

oxBaTHTb  see  oXBaibiBaTb. 

oxBaTbiBJaTb  [Akhvativat^] 
imperf  -aro,  -aeiub,  oxeaTlHTb 
[AkhvAt^'it^]  perf  oxBaqy, 
oxBaTHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  1. 
envelop,  embrace;  2.  seize, 
grip  {of  feelings,  etc);  3.  in- 
clude, embrace,  cover. 

oxoTJa  I  [Akhota]  /  bi 
hunt,  hunting, 

oxoTJa    II    [Akhota]  I  /  -bi 
wish,  inclination; 
I!   impers  predic  col:  ~a  re- 
6e   §THM    aaHHMaxbCH?    what 
makes  you  do  it? 

oxoTHHK  [Akhot^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  hunter,  sportsman; 
trapper. 

oxoTHo  [Akhotna]  adv  will- 
ingly. 

oxpaHJa  [Akhrana]  /  -bi  1. 
guarding,  protection;  2.  guard 
(of  soldiers,  etc);  norpa- 
KHMHaH    —a  frontier  guard. 

oxpaHifltb  [AkhrAn^at'']  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heiub  guard,  pro- 
tect, safeguard. 

oxpHnlHyxb  [Akhr^ipnut*'] 
perf  -Hy,  -Heiiib,  p  — ,  -jia, 
imp    -HH    grow /get    hoarse. 

oueHHB|aTb  [Atjen^ivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  oi;eH|MTb 
[Atjt^n^it^l  perf  -ib,  oueHHuib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  fix  the 
price  of;  state  the  value  of; 
estimate,  evaluate;  2.  appre- 
ciate, appraise. 

oueH|Ka  [Atjenka]  / -KH,  -ok 
I.  estimation,  estimate;  val- 
uation; appraisal;  2.  mark, 
grade  {at  school). 


oHapoBdTb  see  o^apoBbi- 
Baxb. 

0Hap6BbiB|axb  [Ach^i^r6v4- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
0Hap|0Baxb  [Ach^irAvat^l  perf 
-yK),  -yeuib,  p  -oBaji,  imp 
-yft  charm,  fascinate. 

04eBM;ileu,  [Ach^i^v^id^its, 
-dz]  m  -u,a,  -ues   .eyewitness. 

OMeBHjiHo  [Ach^i^v^idna] 
pare/i/Zz  obviously, apparently. 

oHCHb  [och^m^]  adv  very; 
very  much,  greatly. 

OHepeAHloH  [Ach^ir^i^dnoy] 
a  1.  next,  next  in  turn;  2. 
usual,  regular;  —oft  njienyM 
regular  plenary  session. 

OHCpejlIb  [och^ir^it^,  -d^j  / 
-H,  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  turn  {in 
doing  smth.  etc);  --bsaBaMH 
it's  your  turn;  2.  queue,  line; 
6e3  ~K  without  queuing  up; 
<>  Ha  — H  next  (in  turn); 
B  nepByio  --b  in  the  first 
place;  no  ~h  in  turn,  one 
after  another. 

oHepK  [och^irk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  sketch,  essay. 

OMepxaHH|e  [Ach'^i^rtan^iya] 
rt  -H,  -H  outline  {of  an  object). 

OMHHMXb    see   qHHHXb    I    2. 

OHMcxHxb  see  o^nmaxb. 

OHHm  1  axb  [ Ach^ish^ :  at*']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  OHHcxiHXb 
[Ach^is^tMt*']  perf  OHHiuy, 
-Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -h\.  clean, 
clear;  .2.  refine  {alcohol,  oil, 
etc);  3.  peel  {an  apple,  etc); 
4.:  -— axb  TKeji-^j^oK  evacuate 
the  stomach. 

ohkIh  [Ach^k^'i]  pi  -OB  spec- 
tacles,   eye-glasses;    goggles. 

oHKJo  [Ach^ko]  n  -a,  -6b 
sport  point; 


OMH 


—  284  — 


<>       BTHparb  ^U        KOMy-JI. 

col  =  humbug  smb. 

0MH|yTbcn  [Ach^'nuttsa] 
perf  -ycb,  -euibCH,  p  -yjicH, 
-yjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
come  to  oneself,  regain  con- 
sciousness. 

OHyTJHTbCJl  [Ach''ut^itts9J 
perf  OMyTHuibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  find 
oneself  (somewhere  unexpect- 
edly). 

oiBH6|aTbcsi  [Ashibattsa] 
imp'erf  -aiocb,  -aeuibcn,  ouih- 
6|HTbC5i  [Ashib^ittss]  perf- 
-ycb,  -embCH,  p  oiuhSch, 
omH6jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
make  mistakes,  be  mistaken; 


perf  also  make  a  mistake; 
be  at  fault. 

oiiiH6|Ka  [Ashfpka]  /  -kh, 
-ok  mistake,  blunder;  no  — Ke 
by  mistake. 

ouiTpa(}}OBaTb  see  mTpa4)o- 
Baxb. 

ouiTyKaxypHTb  see  iiixyKa- 
xypHXb. 

omyxHxb  see  omymaxb. 

omym|axb  [Ash'':ush^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  oiuy- 
xlHXb  [Ash'':ut^it^l  p^A-/ Oiny- 
my,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
feel,  sense. 

omymeHHle  [Ash^:ush^:e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  sensation  {of 
heat,  joy,  etc). 


n 


naBHJibOH  [pav^il^yon]  m 
-a,  -OB  pavilion  (1)  a  light 
building;  2)  part  of  an  ex- 
hibition or  fair). 

naBjiHH  [pAvl^in]  m  -a, 
-OB  peafowl,  peacock. 

na^laxb  [padat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aemb,  nacxb  [pas^f^] 
perf  naAy.  naAemb,  p  naJi, 
najia,  ynajcxb  [upas^t'']  perf 
'}xy,  -AGiiib,  p  -ji  -jia,  imp 
-AH  1.  fall  (/)  from  a  higher 
place;  2)  from  a  standing 
position;  3)  become  lower  or 
less;  4)  to  come  as  one's  lot, 
duty,  share,  etc);  ynacxb 
HaB3HHMb  fall  flat  on  one's 
back;  2.  (no  perf)  fall  (of 
snow,  etc);  3.  (nacxb)  die,' 
perish  (of  cattle);  4.  (no  im- 
perf) (nacxb)  fall  (/;  in  battle; 


2)  of  a  fortress,  etc);  nacxb 
^epxBOH  qero-ji.  fall  a  victim 
to  smth. 

nsLjiim  [pAd^esh,  -zh]  m 
-a,   -efi  ling  case. 

nafleHH|e  [pAd'^en^iya]  n 
-H,  -ft  1.  falling,  fall;  2. 
drop  (in  prices,  etc);  3.:  mo- 
pajibHoe  ~e  moral  degrada- 
tion; 4.  downfall,  fall  (of  a 
government,  etc). 

naAy  [pAdu],  naAeuib 
[pAd^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  nacxb;  see  naAaxb. 

naAHCpHula  [pat^'ch^ir^'itsa] 
/  -bi,  —  stepdaughter. 

nacK  [pAyok,  -g]  m  naflKa, 
pi  naftKH,  naftKOB  ration  (of 
food). 

na3  [pas,  -z].m  -a,  pi  -bi,  -6b 
technol  slot,  groove. 


—  285  — 


nam 


naayxja  Ipazukha]  /  -h,  ~: 
33  --0H  in  one's  bosom;  aa 
~y  into  one's  bosom. 

nafi  [pay]  m  nan,  pi  nan, 
nacB  share  (a  portion  to  be 
contributed  by  smb)\  BCxynH- 
lejibHUH  —  initial  shares. 

naHKa  [pAyka],  naHKoe 
[pAvkof.  -v]  see  naeK. 

naKCT  [pAk^et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  packet,  parcel;  2.  of- 
ficial letter  {with  the  enve- 
lope); 

<>  HHAHBHAyajibHUH  '^  first- 
-aid  kit. 

naKHCxaHleufpak^'istan^itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,    -ueB    Pakistani. 

naKHCTaHCK'iHH  [pak'istan- 
sk^iy]  a  -an.  -oe,  -He  Paki- 
stani. 

naKT  Ipakt,  -gd]  m  -a,  -ob 
pact;  -~'  o  HeHanaAeHHH  non- 
-aggression  pact;  --  o  Bsan- 
MonoMomH  mutual  assistance 
pact. 

naji  [p^l],  najia  [pala]  p 
o/  nacTb;  see  na^axb. 

najiarla    [pAlata]    /  -bi,   -- 

1.  ward  {in  a  hospital);  2. 
chamber,  house  {of  a  parlia- 
ment, etc);  ~a  66mHH  House 
of  Commons;  3.:  xoproBan 
~a    Chamber   of  Commerce. 

najiaxJKa  [pAlatka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  tent  {a  portable  shel- 
ter); 2.  stall,  booth;  npoAO- 
BOjibcxBeHHan  ~Ka  food- 
-stuffs  stall. 

najidn  [pAlach^,  -j*',]  m  -a, 
-eft  1.  executioner,  hangman; 

2.  fig  butcher. 

n^jijei;  [pal^itj,  -dz]  m 
-bua,  -bueB  1  finger  (o/  the 
hand);  toe  {of  the  foot);  Cojih- 


iiioH  ~eu  thumb;  big  toe; 
6e3biMHHHbiH  ~eu  fourth  fin- 
ger; yKaaaxejibHbiH  --eu 
forefinger;  2.  technol  pin, 
cam,  finger; 

<>  eiviy  ~bu,a  e  pox  He  KJia- 
m  col  ^  he  is  not  to  be 
trifled  with;  if  you  give  him 
an  inch  he'll  take  an  ell; 
SHaxb  Hxo-Ji.  KaK  CBOM  nnxb 
—  bu,eB  col  know  smth  thor- 
oughly, have"  smth  at  one's 
finger-tips;  CMoxpexb  wa 
HXO-JI.  CKBOsb  -~bUbi  wink  at 
smth,  connive  at  smth,  turn 
a  blind  eye  to  smth;  — eu,  o 
~eu  He  yjiapHXb  col  not 
stir  a  finger  {to  do  smth). 

najiJKa  [palka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
stick  (/)  a  piece  of  wood; 
2)  for  walking,  etc); 
<>  H3-nofl  --KH  col  undex  the 
lash(o/  dom^sm//i);  BcxaBjiflxb 
KOMy-ji.  — KH  B  KOJieca  col 
put  spokes    in    smb's  wheel. 

najiySja  [paluba]  /  -bi,  ^ 
deck  {of  a  ship). 

najibM|a  [p^l^'ma]  /  -h,  -^ 
palm(-tree); 

<>  ycxyniixb  Kowy-ji.  ^y 
nepBCHcxBa  yield  smb  the 
palm. 

najibxo  [pAl^to]  n  indecl 
(over)coat. 

naM^ixHHK  [pam''9t^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  monument;  me- 
morial {a  stone,  etc;  both  also 
fig);  tombstone;  nocxaBHXb  ^ 
set  up  a  monument;  —h  cxa- 
pHHbi  relics  of  the  past. 

naM5ix|b  [pam^it^,  -d^]  -h 
1.  memory  {the  power  of  re- 
membering); ecJiH  MHe  He 
nm^ni^T     —  b     if    memory 


nan 


286  — 


doesn't  fail  me;  2.  recollec- 
tion, memory,  remembrance; 
<>  Ha  ~b  1)  as  a  keepsake; 
2)  by  heart,  by  rote;  no  ~h 
from  memory;  by  heart; 
Ha  HbCH-ji.  ~H  within  one's 
recollection;  no  crapOH  ~-h 
by  force  of  habit;  6e3  ~h 
unconscious,  in  a  faint;  6biTb 
6e3  ~H  OT  Koro-Ji.  col  like 
smb  immensely,  be  in  rap- 
tures oversmb;  be  overhead 
and  ears    in  love   with  smb. 

naHHKJa  [pan^ika]/  -h  pan- 
ic, scare;  b  --e  panic-strick- 
en; BnaAaxb  s  ~y  become 
panic-stricken. 

nancHOH  [pans^ion]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  boarding-school;  2. 
boarding-house;  3.  board  and 
lodging. 

nanja  I  [papa]  m  -bi,  — 
col  dad(dy),  papa. 

nan^a  II  [papa]  m  -bi,  ~ 
pope. 

nanHpocja  [pap^irosa]  /  -bi, 
—  cigarette  {with  a  card- 
board mouthpiece). 

nanJKa  [papka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
paper-case,  attache  case. 

nanopOTHHK  [paparatn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  bot    fern. 

nap  I  [par]    m   -a  (-y),   pi 
-bi,  -OB  steam  (vapour); 
<>  Ha  Bcex    ~ax   col  at  full 
speed. 

nap  II  [par]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  ^gric  fallow;  qepHbift 
[qHCTbiH]  -^  bare  fallow. 

nap|a  [para]  /  -bi,  ~  1.  pair 
(i  )a  set  of  two;  2)  a  thing 
of  two  parts);  2.  pair,  couple 
(husband  and  wife);  cynpyyKe- 
CKafl  ^a  married  couple;  3.; 


oua  eMy  ne  ^a  col  she  is  not 
his  equal;  she  is  not  good 
enough  for  him;  4.  couple 
of,  one  or  two,  a  few; 
<>  --a  nycTHKOB  col  a  mere 
trifle,  child's  play;  aea  ca- 
nora  -—a  col  =  they  make 
a  pair. 

naparpa(j)  [pAragraf,  -v]  m 
-a,  -OB  paragraph  (a  section 
of  a  book  or  the  sign  §  mark- 
ing off  such  a  section). 

napaA  [pArat,  -d]  m  -a. 
^OB  parade  (a  procession);  mil 
parade,  review,  march  past; 
BOSAyiuHbifl  —  fly-past;  npH- 
HHMaxb  ~    take    the    salute. 

napajiH3|oBaTb  [paraPizA- 
vat'']  perf  &  imperf  -yip, 
-yeujb,  p  -OBaji  paralyse 
(also  fig). 

napajiMH  [parA.l^'ich^,  -j^] 
m  -a  paralysis;  ero  pasSHJi 
^  he  is  [was]  paralysed. 

napajiJieji|b  [parAPel^]  /-h, 
-eii  1.  math  parallel;  2.  geog 
parallel  (of  latitude). 

napajijiejibH|MH  [parAl^el^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  napajijiejien,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  parallel. 

napauiiOTHCT  [parashut^ist, 
-zd]  m  -a,  -OB  parachutist, 
parachute-jumper;  paratroop- 
er. 

nap|eHb  [par^m^]  m  -hh, 
pi  -HH,  -Heft  col  fellow,  lad, 
chap,  guy. 

napH  [pAr^i]  n  indecl  bet; 
AepHcaxb    —    bet,  lay  a  bet. 

napMK  [pAr^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  wig. 

napHKMaxep[par^ikmakh^ir] 
m  -a,  -OB  hairdresser;  bar- 
ber, 


287  — 


nac 


napHKMaxepcKlasi  [par'ik- 
makh^irskaya]  /  -oft,  -hx 
hair-dressing  saloon,  the  hair- 
dresser's; barber('s)  shop. 

napK  [park,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  park  (a  garden);  paaSnTb 
~  lay  out  a  park;  2.  fleet  {of 
tractors,  etc);  stock  {rolling, 
etc);  3.  depot  {for  city  trans- 
port). 

napJiaMCHT  [pArlam^int,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  parliament;  diet 
{an  assembly). 

napoBOs  [parAVos,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  engine,  locomotive 
[on  a  railway). 

napoeloH  [parAVoy]  a  steam; 
—  an  MaiiiHHa  steam-engine 
{stationary);  —oe  OTonjieHHe 
steam  heating;  central  heat- 
ing. 

nap6ji|b  [pArol^]  m  -h,  -eft 
password,  watchword  coun- 
tersign. 

napoM  [pArom]  m  -a,  -ob 
ferry(-boat). 

napoxoA  [parAkhot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  steamer,  (steam)ship; 
(steam)boat. 

napT...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to 
•party'  {mostly  the  Commu- 
nist Party  of  the  S.  U.):  napx- 
6HJieT  [pardb^il^et,  -d]  party 
(membership)  card. 

napxep  [pArter]  m  -a  theat 
pit;  stalls. 

napTHsan  [part^izan]  m  -a, 
-OB  guerilla,  partisan. 

napTHHHocTlb  [pArt^iy- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  1.  party 
affiliation,  party  member- 
ship; 2.  party  spirit,  party 
principle;      fidelity    to    the 


principles  of  the  Party  {said 
of  literature,  etc). 

napTHHHbiH  [pArt^iyniy]  a 
party  {attr);  —  6HJieT  party 
(membership)  card;  ~  c-besA 
party  congress. 

napTH|fl  [part^iya]  /  -h, 
-ft  1.  pol  party;  2.  group, 
detachment;  3.  batch,  lot, 
consignment  {of  goods);  4. 
game,  set ;  5.  mus  part;  —lo 
poHjiH  HcnojiH^ex  Bhkxop 
CeMepHXHH  at  the  piano  (is) 
Victor  Semerikhin. 

napxopr  [pArtork,  -g]  m 
-a,  -oB  (=napxHftHbift  opra- 
HHsaxop)  Party  organizer. 

napxopraHHsauHlfl  [part- 
Argan^izatjiya]  /  -h,  -ft 
(=napxHftHa5i  opraHHsai^Hsi) 
Party  organization. 

napyc  [parus,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  sail  {on  a  ship);  no^- 
HHXb  —  hoist  a  sail  [also 
see  <>]; 

<>  Ha  Bcex  ~ax  in  full  sail, 
with  all  sails  set;  noAHqxb 
—a  set  sail. 

nacMypH|biH  [pasmurniy] 
a  sh  f  nacMypen,  -a,  -o,  -m 
1.  dull,  cloudy;  overcast;  2. 
fig  sullen,  gloomy. 

nacnopx  [paspart,  -d]  m 
-a,  pi  -a,  -OB  1,  passport 
{an  identity  card);  2.  certifi- 
cate {of  a  machine,  etc). 

nacca)KHp  [pasAzhtr]  m  -a, 
-OB  passenger  {of  a  train,  etc). 

naccHBH|biH  [pAs^s^ivniy] 
a  sh  f  naccHBen,  -a,  -o,  -w 
passive  {inactive). 

nacxSHmje  [paz^b^ish^:a]  n 
-a,  ~  pasture,  grazing  land. 

naclxH  [pAS^'t^iJ  imperf  -y. 


nac 


—  288  — 


-eiiib,  p  ~,  -jia,  imp  -h 
shepherd,  graze,  pasture,  terfd. 

nacJTMCb  [pAs^t^is*']  imperf 
-eicH,  p  naccH,  -Jiacb  browse, 
graze,  'pasture. 

nacTyx  [pAstukh-,  -gh]  m 
-a,  -OB  herdsman;  US  cow- 
-boy;  shepherd. 

nacTb  I  see  na^axb  1,  3,  4. 

nacT|b  II  Ipas'^t'*,  -z^d^]  / 
-H,  -eft  mouth  {of  an  animal). 

nacx|a  [paskha]  /  -h 
Easter. 

nacbiH|oK  [pasinak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  stepson. 

nareHToeaHHlbiH  [pat^i^n- 
tovannty]  a  [pa]  patent  {pills, 
etc);  ~oe  cpeAcreo  patent 
medicine. 

naTe(j)6H  [pat^i^fon]  m  -a, 
-OB  gramophone. 

narpHOT  [patr^'iot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  patriot, 

naTpH0TH3M  [patr^iAt^izm] 
m  -a  patriotism. 

narpoH  [pAtron]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  mil  cartridge;  round  {of 
ammunition);  2.  electr  lamp- 
-socket,  lamp-holder;  3.  tech- 
nol  chuck. 

naxpyjilb  [pAtruP]  m  -h, 
-eft  patrol    {of   soldiers,  etc). 

nays] a  [pauza]  /  -bi,  ~ 
pause,  interval. 

nayK  [pauk,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
spider  {an  animal). 

nayTHHJa  [pauf^ina]  /  -bi 
cobweb,  web  {also  fig). 

nax|aTb  [pAktiat^]  imperf 
nauiy,  fiamemb,  p  -aji,  imp 
nauiH,  Bcinaxarb  [fspAkhat**] 
perf  plough,  till. 

naxHjyTb  [pakhnut**]  imperf 
-y,  -euib,  p  nax   (-yji),    nax- 


jia  smell  {1}  of  smth;  2)  give 
off  an  odour);  --ex  rapbio 
there  is  a  smell  of   burning. 

nauHCHT  [patjient,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  patient. 

nanlKa  [pach^ka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  bundle  {of  letters,  etc), 
packet,  package,  pack,  par- 
cel. 

nanKJaTb  [pach^kat'*]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiub,  aajnaHKarb 
[zApach^kat^]  perf,  MClnan- 
Kaxb  [ispach^'kat^]  perf  soil, 
dirty;  stain  {the  cloih  with 
wine,  etc); 

<>  --axb  Hbio-Ji.  penyxauHK) 
smear  smb's  reputation,  stain 
smb's  good  name. 

naujH  [pAshf]    see    naxaxb. 

nam|Hn  [pashn^'a]  /  -hh, 
-en  arable  land. 

nauixex  [pAsht^et,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  pate. 

nauiy  [pAshu],  naiueiiib 
[pashash,   -zh]  see  naxaxb. 

nanxb  [pAyat^l  imperf 
na^K),  nanemb  solder  {metal 
parts,  etc). 

neejeu  [p^i^v^ets,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -uoB  singer. 

neAaror  [p''idAg6k,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  teacher,  instructor; 
educationist. 

nefi  [p^'ey]  see  nnxb. 

neH3a)K  [p^i^yzash,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  landscape,  view, 

neK  [p^'ok,  -g],  neKjia  [p^'i^k- 
la]  see  ^e^b  I. 

neKap|Hfl  (p*'i^karn*'a]  / 
-HH,  -CH    bakery,    bakehouse. 

ncKH    [p'^i^k^'i]    see  ne^h  I. 

ncKy  [p''i^kul  see  nenb  I. 

neji  [p^'el],  nejia  [p**ela]  see 
nexb. 


289  — 


nep 


nejieHJaxb  [p^'iPi^nat'']  itn- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  cinejieHaxb 
[s^p^iPi*^nat^l  perf  swaddle 
(a  baby). 

nejibMeHJH  [p^'i^l^m^en^'il 
pi  -eft  (s/rtg"  nejibMen  I  b  m -h) 
pelmeni  {meat  dumplings). 

neH|a  [p^'ena]  /  -bi  foam, 
spume,  froth,  scum';  (soap-) 
suds;  cHHMaTb  ~y  skim  off 
(the)  scum; 

<0»  c  —  ofi  y  pra  furiously, 
passionately,  foaming  at  the 
mouth. 

neHH|e  [p^'eri^iya]  n  -h  sing- 
ing. 

n^HJKa  [p*6nka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
skin  {on  milk). 

ncHCHOHep  [p^m^s^iAn**er] 
m  -a,  -OB  pensioner,  old-age 
pensioner. 

neHCHJfl  [p^en^s^iys]  /  -h, 
-H  pension;  ~h  no  HHsajiHA- 
HOCTH  disability  pension;  — h 
no  CTapocTH  old-age  pension; 
yfiiH  Ha  —K)  retire  on  a 
pension. 

ncHb  [p^en^]  m  hhh,  pi 
RHH,  nneft,  hhhm  stump,  stub 
{of  a  tree); 

<>  CTonxb  KaK  —  col  ^  stand 
like  a  stone  image. 

nenjeji  [p'^ep^il]  m  *jia  ash, 
ashes  {dust); 

<>  o6paTHTb  B  ~eji  reduce  to 
ashes. 

neneJibHHu|a  [p^ep**il^n''i- 
tsa]  /  -bi,   ~  ash-tray. 

nepBeHCTB|o  [p^erv*'mstva] 
n  -a  spor^  championship;  ~o 
cTpaHbi  no  (|)yT66jiy  national 
football  championship;  3a- 
BocBaib  ~o  win  a  champion- 
ship, take  first  place. 


nepBHHH|biH  [p^i^rv^ich**- 
nty]  a  sh  f  nepBH^en,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  primary;  initial;  2.  lo- 
cal {party  or  trade-union 
organization). 

nepBo6biTHbiH  [p^irvAbft- 
niy]  a  primitive  {society, 
man);  primeval. 

nepBOHaHajibH|ufi  [p^'irva- 
nAch^al^niy]  a  initial,  orig- 
inal; ~oe  HaKonjieHHe  Kann- 
Tajia  primary  accumulation 
of  capital. 

nepBocTeneHHbiH  [p^irva- 
st^i^p^enniy]  a  paramount 
{importance,  etc). 

nepBJbift  [p^erviy]  I  num 
ord  &  a  1.  first;  —bift  HOMep 
number  one;  — hh  axajK 
ground  floor;  US  first  floor; 
~oe  MHCJio  the  first  of  {May, 
etc);  '-biH  qac  past  twelve 
(o'clock);  B  ~0M  Macy  after 
twelve;  oh  ymeji  -~-biM  he 
was  the  first  to  leave;  ~aH 
cTpaHHua  raaexbi  the  front 
page  of  a  newspaper;  2. 
prime  {necessity,  etc);  first, 
best; 

n  as  a  noun  1.  n  ep  bImh 
m  -oro,  -bix  the  former;  the 
first;  2.  nep  B|oe  n  -oro, 
-bix  first  course  {of  a  meal); 
3.:  nojioBHHa  ~oro  half  past 
twelve;  HeTBepTb  —oro  quar- 
ter past  twelve;.  AsaAuaTb 
MHHyT  ~oro  twenty  minutes 
past  twelve;  rpH  MereepTH 
—oro  a  quarter  to  one; 
<>  —06  BpcMJi  at  first;  Rep- 
Boe  MaH  May  Day;  —aw  no- 
MOLUb  first  aid;  He  —oii  cbc- 
JKCCTH  not  quite  fresh. 

nepe...  pref  of  verbs  denoU 


nep 


—  290  — 


ing  I.  an  action  directed 
from  one  place  over  to  another, 
from  one  side  over  to  another, 
or  across  smth:  nepe6e>KaTb 
[p^'ir^'ib^i^zhat^]  run  across 
{the  street,  etc),  nepececTb 
[p^ir^'i^s^esMb]  change  one's 
seat,  move  (to  another  seat); 
exchange  seat^;  2.  repetition 
of  an  action  anew  or  in  a 
different  way:  nepecipoHTb 
[p^ir^i^stroit'']  1)  rebuild; 
reconstruct;  2)  reorganize; 
nepeAejiaTb  [p^ir^i^d'^elat^j 
do  anew;  change,  alter; 
3.  an  action  carried  to  excess 
or  a  negative  result:  nepe- 
spexb  [p'^ir^'i^zr^et^]  grow 
overripe;  nepexeajiHTb  [p^i- 
r^'fkhvAl^it^]  overpraise;  4, 
the  fact  that  the  doer  of  the 
action  has  got  the  upper  hand, 
has  outdone  smb:  nepecno- 
pHTb  [p**ir''i^sp6r''it'']  out- 
-argue;  5.  an  action  directed 
at  many  objects,  one  after 
another:  nepeqHTaxb  [p^'ir^i- 
ch^itat*']  read  {all  the 
books);  nepejioBHTb  [p^ir^i- 
lAV^'it'']  catch  {all  the  birds); 

6.  a  one-time  action  or  an 
action  of  short  duration: 
nepeKypHTb  [p^ir^'ikur^it^] 
have  a  smoke;  nepeKycHib 
[p^ir^'ikus^'it'']    have    a    bite; 

7.  a  reciprocal  action:  nepe- 
nHCbiBaTbCH  [p^'ir^'i^p^isiva- 
ttj8]  correspond  {with  smb); 
write  to  each  other;  nepe- 
rjiHAbiBaTbCH  [p^'ir^'i^Ql^'adlva- 
ttsa]  exchange  glances,  look 
afone  another. 

nepe6HB|aTb  [p'*ir''ib'*ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -SiQiiib,  nepe6[HTb 


[p^'ir^'i^b^it^J  perf  -bK>,-heuih, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -efl  1,  kill,  slaugh- 
ter {everybody  or  many);  2. 
break  {everything  or  much); 
3.  break,  fracture  {mostly 
into  two,  as  a  limb,  stick, 
etc);  4.  interrupt  {smb,  a 
speech) . 

iiepeSHplaxb  [p^ir^'ib^irat^] 
imperf  -an),  -aeuib,  nepe|- 
Spaxb  [p^'ir^i^brat^]  perf  -6e- 
py,  -Sepeiub,  p  -6paji,  -6pajia, 
6pajio,  -6pajiH,  imp  -6epH  1. 
sort  out;  look  through  /  over; 
2.  fig  recall,  call  to  mind; 
bring  up,  touch  upon  {in  a 
conversation);  —  axb  e  nawHXH 
turn  over  in  one's  mind. 

nepe6Hxb    see    nepe6HBaxb. 

nepe6o|H  [p^'ir^i^boy]  m  -h, 
-eB  1.  irregularity  {of  sup- 
ply); interruption,  stoppage 
{in  work);  2.  med  intermis- 
sion, 

nepeSopjoxb  [p^'ir^ibArot'*] 
perf  -K),  nepe66pemb,  p  -oji, 
imp  -H  overcome  (a  feeling 
or  state);  —oxb  ce6H  master 
oneself. 

nepe6pacbiBJaxb[p*'ir'*i^br5- 
sivat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  ne- 
pe6p6|cHXb  [p''ir'*i®br6s''it**] 
perf  -my,  -CHUJb,  p  -chji, 
imp  -cb  1.  throw  (over),  fling 
(over);  2.  transfer,  move. 

nepe6paxb  see  nepe6Hpaxb. 

nepeSpocHxb    see   nepe6pa- 

CblBaXb. 

nepeeapHBlaxb  [p'*ir*'i^va- 
r^'ivat^i  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
nepeeapliixb  [p'^ir^'iVAr'^it''] 
perf  -K),  nepeBapHuib,  p  -h;i, 
imp  -H  1.  cook  anew  /  again, 
boil  anew /again;  2.  overdo, 


—  291 


nep 


spoil  by  overdoing;  3.  di- 
gest (food);  4.  fig  col  stand, 
bear  {in  neg  sentences). 

nepeeesTH  see  nepeBOSHib. 

nepeeepHyTb  see  nepesep- 
TbisaTb. 

nepeBepHyxbCfl     see    nepe- 

BepTblBaTbCH. 

nepeBepTbiBJaxb  [p^ir^i^- 
v^ortivat^]  imperf  -aro, 
-aeiub,  nepeeepHJyTb  [p^if^i- 
v'^i^rnut^l  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  1.  turn  over 
{move  so  that  the  other  side 
is  up;  cause  to  roll  over); 
2.  col  upset,  turn  over, 
knock  over;  3.  fig  col  trans- 
form, change  thoroughly. 

nepeBepTbiBJaTbCH  [p^ir^i^- 
v^orttvattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembC5i,nepeBepH|yTbCfl  [p^i- 
r'^iv^i^rnuttja]  perf  -ycb, 
-eiubCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb. 
imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  turn  over 
(change  one's  position  by  roll- 
ing over);  --aTbCH  c  66Ky  Ha 
6oK  turn  from  side    to    side. 

nepCBec  [p^ir^i^v^es,  -z]  m 
-a  preponderance;  MHCJieHHbiH 
^  numerical  superiority. 

nepcBecHTb  see  nepeBeuiH- 
BaTb. 

nepcBecTH  see   nepeBOAHTb. 

nepeBemHB|aTb  [p^ir^i^v^e- 
shivat'']  imperf  -aio.  -aeuib, 
nepeBeclHTb  [p^ir^i'^v^'es^it*'] 
perf  nepeBemy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  1.  hang  somewhere 
else;  move  from  one  place 
and  hang  in  another  [some- 
where, etc];  2.  weigh  anew/ 
again;  3.  outbalance,  over- 
balance, outweigh  {also  fig). 

nepeeofl  [p^ir^i^vot,   -dj  m 


-a,  -OB  1.  transference,  trans- 
fer; 2.  translation  {into  anoth- 
er language);  interpretation 
(oral  translation);  3.  remit- 
tance {of  money);  postal  or- 
der,   money  order. 

nepesojiJHTb  [p^ir^ivAd^it^] 
imperf  nepeBOJKy,  nepeBo- 
aHiiJb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H,  nepe- 
Be[cTH  [p^ir^'iv^i^s^t^i]  perf 
-Ay,  -Aeuib,  p  nepeseji,  -Jia, 
imp  -AH  1.  take,  lead  {smb 
across  the  street,  etc);  2.:  ~HTb 
crpejiKy  ^acoB  BnepeA  [na- 
3aA]  put  a  watch  [a  clock] 
forward  [back];  —HTbCipejiKy 
rly  switch,  shunt;  3.  move, 
transfer  {to  another  post, 
another  school,  a  higher  or 
lower  grade,  another  town, 
etc);  pass  {a  student  to  anoth- 
er course);  4.  translate  [into 
another  language);  interpret 
{translate  orally);  5.  remit, 
remit  by  post  {money,  etc); 
6.  convert  {measures,  etc); 
<>  nepeBccTH  Ayx/AwxaHHc 
take  breath;  He  —h  AUxanHH 
without  pausing    for    breath. 

nepcBOAHHK  [p^'ir^i^vot^- 
ch^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  trans- 
lator; interpreter  {one  who 
translates  orally). 

nepcBOslHTb  [p^ir^iVAZ^it^] 
imperf  nepeBO>Ky,  nepCBO- 
3Hmb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H,  nepe- 
BcalxH  [p^ir^iv'^i'^s^t^i]  perf 
-y^  -euib,  p  nepCBes,  -Jia, 
imp  -H  1.  put,  take  {across 
a  river,  etc,  in  a  boat,  etc); 
2.  transport;  carry,  take  {by 
vehicle,  from  one  place  to 
another). 

nepeB63[Ka    [p^ir^i^voskaj  / 


nep 


—  292 


-KH,  -OK  transportation,  con- 
veyance; MopcKHe  ~KH  sea 
shipping. 

nepcBOpOT  [p^ir^iVAFot,  -d] 
m-a,-OB  revolution,  uplieav- 
al  (a  complete  change);  boch- 
HbiH  —  military  coup  d'etat. 

nepeBM6op|u  [p^'ir^'i^viba- 
ri]  pi  -OB  (re-)election. 

nepcBbinojiHHTb    see    nepe- 

BbinOJlHHTb. 

nepeBwnojiHlflTb  [p^'ir^ivi;- 
pAln^at'']  imperf  -hk),  -Heuib, 
nepeBbinojiHlHTb  [p'^ir^i^vl- 
p9ln''it^]  perf  -lo,  -Huib,  p 
-Hji,  imp  -H  overfulfil,  ex- 
ceed {the  plan,  etc). 

nepeBJi3aTb  see  nepesHabi- 
BaTb. 

nepeB«3biB|aTb  [p''ir*'i^v''a- 
ztvat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
nepeBJilaaxb  [p^ir^iv^'i^zat^j 
perf  -my,  nepeBHjKeiiib,  p 
-3aji,  imp  -JKH  1.  bandage, 
dress  (a  wound);  2.  tie  (up), 
cord  (up)  (a  parcel,  etc). 

neperH6|aTb  [p^ir^ig^'ibat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  nepe- 
FHlyxb  [p^'ir^i^gnut'']  perf-y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  fold 
{paper,  etc,  in  two);  2.  bend 
(over),  bend  too  much; 
<0>  -^axb  najiKy  col  ^  go  too 
far;   run  into  extremes. 

nepepHarb  see  neperoHHXb 

nepernyxb  see  neperH6axb. 

neperoBopIbi  [p'*ir**igAv6ri] 
pi  -OB  negotiations    talks. 

neperoHJflXb  [p*'ir''igAn''at*'] 
imperf  -^k),  -neuib,  nepe- 
THJaxb  [p''ir*'i^gnat'']  perf 
neperoHK),  neperoHHUJb,  p 
-aj?,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp 
neperoHH     1.     drive   {cattle. 


etc)  somewhere  else;  drive 
{cattle,  etc)  from  one  place 
to  another;  2.  outdistance, 
outstrip,  outspeed,  leave  be- 
hind {also  fig);  outrun;  out- 
walk; 3.  technol,  chem  distil; 
sublimate. 

neperopoAJKa  [p^'ir^'igArdt- 
ka]  /  -KH,  -OK  partition  {a 
wall). 

neperpy>K|axb  [p^ir^'igru- 
zhat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
neperpysJHxb  [p^ir^'igruz^it'^j 
perf    neperpy>Ky,      neperpy- 

3HUIb   (-HUIb),    p     -HJI,     imp    -H 

1.  overload,  surcharge;  2.  fig 
overwork;  overburden. 

nepeA  [p^er^'it,  -d],  nepcAO 
[p'^er^ida]  prep  with  instr 
denoting  1.  position  in  front 
of;  MaiiiHHa  ocxanoBHJiacb  -' 
AOMOM  the  car  stopped  before  / 
in  front  of  the  house;  npHMO 
n^pcAo  MHOH  peKa  there's  a 
river  straight  in  front  of 
me;  ~  9thm  cjiobom  Hex  3a- 
HHxoH  there  is  no  comma 
before  this  word;  2,  preced- 
ence in  time;  qHxaxb  ~  chom 
read  before  going  to  bed;  ^ 
xeM,  KaK  before;  --  xeM,  KaK 
noHXH  B  KHHo  before  going 
to  the  cinema;  3.  the  rela- 
tion of  an  action  to  a  certain 
person  or  object;  HSBHHHXbCH 
~  KCM-Ji.  apologize  to  smb; 
He  oxcxynaxb  ~  xpyAHocxH- 
MH  boldly  face  difficulties; 
npeKJiGHHXbCH  ~  KCM-Ji.  Wor- 
ship smb;  npeKjioHCHHe  ~' 
KCM-ji.      worship     for     smb. 

nepeAaJBdxb  [p''ir''idAvat'*l 
imperf  -k),  -eiiib,  p  -saji,  imp 
-BaH,  nepcAJaTb  lp''ir''i^dat'*] 


293  — 


nep 


perf  -m,  -aiiib,  -act,  -bahm, 
-aAHxe,  -aAyT,  p  nepeAa.i, 
-ajia,  nepeAajio,  nepeAajiH, 
imp  -aid  1.  pass  (over),  pass 
on,  transmit  {to  smb),  turn 
over  {to  smb),  give  {over  to 
smb),  hand  {to  smb);  transfer, 
hand  over  {to  smb);  2.  tell, 
communicate;  nepeAaftxe  eMy 
npHBCT  remember  me  to  him; 
my  love  /  best  regards  to  him; 
~BaTb  6jiaroAapHOCTb  ko- 
My-Ji.  give  one's  thanks  to 
smb;  3.  reproduce  {what  was 
said,  etc);  4.:  —Baxb  no  pa- 
AHp  broadcast;  transmit; 
'-BaTb  no  xejieBHAeHHK)  tele- 
vise; show  on  TV;  5.:  nepe- 
Aaxb  ACJio  B  cyA  bring  the 
case  before  the  law; .  nepe- 
Aaxb  saKOHonpoeKX  b  komhc- 
CHK)  refer  a  bill  to  a  com- 
mittee. 

nepeAaxMHK  [p^ir^i^dat''- 
ch^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  (radio) 
transmitter. 

nepcAaxb    see    nepcAaBaxb. 

nepeAanja  [p^ir^i^dach^9]  / 
-H,  ~  1.  transmission,  pass- 
ing (over);  transfer,  handing 
over;  2.  broadcast  (pro- 
gramme); TV  programme;  bca 
— y  riexpoB  your  narrator 
was  Petrov;  nporpaMMa  — 
radio  schedule;  3.  parcel 
{for  a  patient  in  hospital, 
etc);  4.  technol  gear,  drive, 
transmission. 

nepeABHr|axb  [p^ir^idv^i- 
gat^i  imperf  -aio,  -aeiUb, 
nepeABMH|yxb  [p^'ir^i^dvinut''] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp 
-b  1.  move,  shift;  move 
somewhere,   move   from   one 


place  to  another;  nepeABH- 
Hyxb  cxpejiKy  qacoB  BnepeA 
[HasaAl  put  a  watcTi  [a  clock] 
on  /  forward  [back];  2.  col 
postpone. 

nepeABH^KCHHle  [p^ir^idv^i- 
zhen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  movement, 
moving;  cpeACXBa  — h  means 
of  communication  /  convey- 
ance. 

nepeABHHyxb  see  nepcABH- 
raxb. 

nepcAHlHii  [p^i'^r^ed^n^iy] 
a  front;  —He  K0He4HocxH 
forelegs,  forefeet;  ~hh  njian 
foreground; 

<C>  ~HH  Kpafl  (oSopoHbi)  mil 
main  line  of  resistance. 

nepcAHHK  [p^i^r^ed'^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -OB  apron;  pinafore. 

nepcAHlflJi  [p^i^r^ed'^'n^aya] 
/  -efl,  -Hx  ante-room,  hall. 

nepCAO  see  nepcA. 

nepcAOBHK  [p^ir^idAV^'ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -6b:  ~h  npoHSBOA- 
cxBa  shock-workers,  front- 
-rank  workers;  foremost  peo- 
ple in  industry;  ~h  cejibCKO- 
ro  xosHHCXBa  front-rank  col- 
lective farmers,  foremost  peo- 
ple in  agriculture. 

nepcAoeloH  [p^ir^idiwoy]  a 
1.  foremost,  forward,  advanc- 
ed, leading;  -—oh  oxpHA  mil 
advanced  detachment;  2.  ad- 
vanced; progressive;  ~6h  ox- 
pHA  vanguard;  —  bie  jiioah 
progressive-minded  people; 
foremost  people;  ~aH  xexHH- 
Ka  up-to-date  machinery; 
— bie  npeAnpHHXHH  foremost 
enterprises; 

<>  ^ka  cxaxbH  leading  ar- 
ticle, editorial. 


nep 


—  294 


nepeayiviaTb  see  nepeAyMbi- 
BaTb. 

nepeflyMbiBJaTb  fp^ir^i^du- 
miv9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
nepejiyMJaTb  [p^ir'^i^dumat^j 
perf  -aio,  -aemb  change  one's 
mind,  think  better  of. 

nepeAbiiu|Ka  [p^ir^i^dtshka] 
/  -KH,  -CK  breathing-space, 
respite:  He  Aaeaji  hh  MHHyibi 
'— KH  without  a  moment's  re- 
spite. 

nepee3fl[p^ir*'i^yest,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  removal  {to  a  new 
flat,  etc);  2.  passage  {the  act 
of);  crossing  {the  act  of); 
3.  (level)  crossing;  highway 
crossing. 

nepeesjKlajb  [p^ir^iyi^- 

zh^at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
nepeexjarb  [p^ir^'i^yekhat^] 
perf  nepee^y,  nepeeAeiob,  p 
-aji  1.  cross  {a  bridge,  river, 
etc,  by  vehicle);  2.  move,  re- 
move {to  a  new  flat,  etc); 
3.  run  over  {a  person  in  the 
street). 

nepe)KHBaHH|e  [p^ir^izhiva- 
n^iya]  n  -n,  pi  -h,  -h  {most- 
ly pi)  sufferings,  troubles; 
feelings,  emotional  experi- 
ences. 

nepeKHBJaxb  [p^ir^izhivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  nepe- 
}K|HTb[p^ir''i^zhit^]  per/-HBy, 
-Heeuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -hbh 
1.  experience,  go  through; 
suffer,  endure;  TH>Keji6  ~aTb 
MTO-ji.  feel  smth  keenly;  suf- 
fer greatly  because  of  smth; 
2. outlive, survive  {smb,smth). 

nepe>KHT|oK  [p^ir^'i^zhltak, 
-g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  remnant, 
vestige;  survival,  relic;  ~kh 


KanHTajiH3Ma  b  coanaHHH  Jiio- 
Aeft  the  survivals  /  relics  of 
capitalism  in  people's  minds. 

nepejKHTb  see  nepejKHBaTb. 

nepesHMOBaxb  see  SHMOBaxb. 

nepeHsSHpjarb  [p^ir^iizb^i- 
rat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  ne- 
peH36|paTb  [p^ir^iizbfat^]  perf 
-epy,  -epeuib,  p  -paji,  imp 
-epri  re-elect. 

nepeHMCHOBaTb    see    nepe- 

HMeHOBblBaXb. 

nepeHMeHOBbiBJaxb  [p^ir^i- 
im^i^novtvat^]  imperf  -aio, 
-aeuib,  nepeHMeH|oBaxb  [p^i- 
r^iim^'inAvat^l  p^rf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yft  re- 
name, give  a  new  name. 

nepefixH  see  nepexoAHTb. 

nepcKjiaAbiBJaxb  [p^ir^i^kla- 
dtvat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
nepejiGJKJHxb  [p^ir^iUzhft''] 
perf  -y,  nepejiojKHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  put  /  place  some- 
where else;  take  from  one 
place  and  put  /  place  in  anoth- 
er; 2.  interlay  {with);  3.  shift 
(off)  {the  responsibility,  etc). 

nepeKpecxjoK  [p^ir^'i^^kr^o- 
stak,  -g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  cross- 
-road,  crossing. 

nepeKpbiBJaxb  [p^ir^ikrt- 
vat^]  imperf  -ara,  -aeiiib,  ne- 
pcKplbixb  Ip^ir^'i^krft'']  perf 
-OK),  -oeuib,  p  -biji,  imp  -.oh 
1.  re-cover;  2.  col  exceed 
{a  plan,  etc);  3.  stop  up, 
shut  off;  block  {a  road),  dam 
{a  river). 

nepejiex  [p^ir^'i^l^ot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  flight  {of  aircraft, 
a  long  one  or  over  smth);  2. 
(trans)migration  {of  birds); 
3.  shot  over  the  target. 


—  295  — 


nep 


nepejiexjaTb  [p^ir^il^i^tat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  nepejiej- 
Texb  [p^ir^il^i^t^et^]  perf  -^y, 
-THiub,  p  -TCJi,  imp  -TH  1.  fly 
(over,  acros'i);  2.  fly  some- 
where else;  fly  from  one 
place  to  another. 

nepejiHB|aTb  [p^ir^iPivaf'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiUb,  nepejilHXb 

jpbjj-hjepj^bj  pQj.1  .j^j5^  -beiUb, 

p  -HJi,  -HJia,  -Hjio,  -HJiH,  imp 
-eft  1.  pour  somewhere  else; 
pour  from  one  vessel  into 
another;  2.:  -—axb  KpoBb  med 
transfuse  blood;  3.  let  over- 
flow. 

nepejiOJKHTb  see  nepeKjia- 
;;biBaTb. 

nepejioM  [p^ir^i^lom]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  break,  fracture  {of  a 
bone,  etc);  2.  //^crisis  {of  an 
illness);  turning-point;  great 
change;  AO^HTbCH  KopcHHoro 
'-a  bring  about  a  fundamen- 
tal change/ improvement, 

nepeMeHJa  [p^ir^i^m^enaj  / 
-w,  --  1.  changing,  change; 
2.  change,  alteration;  3.  in- 
terval, break,  recess  {between 
lessons). 

nepeMeHHTb  see  nepeMCHHTb. 

nepeMeH|HTbC5i  [p^ir^'im^i^- 
n^'ittja]  perf  -ibcb,  nepcMe- 
HHuibCH,  p  -HjicH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -HTecb  change  {become 
different). 

nepeMeHJflTb  [p^ir'Tm^i^- 
n^at'']  imperf  -aio,  -Heuib, 
nepeMeHJHTb  (p^ir^im^i^n^it''] 
perf  -K>,  nepCMeHHiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  change  {1)  replace; 
2)  make  different). 

nepeMeuiarb  see  nepeMeuiH- 
paxb. 


nepeMeiiiHBlaTb[p^ir^i^m^e- 
shivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
nepeMeui|aTb  [p^ir^im'^i^shat^j 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib  intermix, 
mix  (up),  intermingle. 

nepeMUpH|e  [p^'ir^i^m^'i- 
r^iya]  n  -h   armistice,  truce. 

nepenecTH  see  nepeHocHTb. 

nepeHOc|HTb  [p^'ir'^mAs^it^] 
imperf  nepenouiy,  nepeno- 
CHiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H,  nepe- 
Hec|TH  [p^ir^m^i^s^t^i]  perf 
-y,  -eiub,  p  nepenec,  -Jia, 
imp  -H  1.  carry  somewhere 
else,  take  somewhere  else, 
carry  from  one  place  to 
another;  transfer  somewhere 
else  {change  the  seat  of,  etc), 
transfer  from  one  place  to 
another,  ~-HTb  oroHb  mil 
shift /lift  fire;  2.  put  off, 
postpone;  adjourn  {a  meeting); 
3.  endure,  bear,  stand;  h  hc 
nepeHomy  SToro  I  can't  stand/ 
bear  it. 

nepCHOCHula  [p^ir^'i^nos^i- 
tsa]  /  -bi,  ~  bridge  of  the 
nose. 

nepeHOCHbiif  [p^ir^i^nosnty] 
a  1.  portable;  2.  figurative 
{of  meaning). 

nepeH04|eBaTb  [p^ir^ina- 
ch^'i^vat^l  perf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -cBaji,  imp  -yft  spend  /  sleep 
the  night  {somewhere). 

nepeofleB|iTb  [p^ir^iAd^i®- 
vat*']  imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  ne- 
peoAe|Tb  [p^ir^iAd^et^]  perf 
-Hy    -Hemb,    p    -Ji,    imp  -Hb 

1.  change     (smb's)     clothes; 

2.  disguise      {smb);     3.    col 
change  {one's  coat,  etc). 

nepeoACB  ]  axbCH  [p^ir'^iAd^i^- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 


nep 


—  296  — 


CH,  nepeofleJTbCfl   [p^ir^iAd^e- 
ttsa]  perf  -Hycb,  -HeuibCH,  p 

-JlCH.-JiaCb, /mp  -HbCH,  -HbTeCb 

1.  change    (one's    clothes); 

2.  dress  up;  disguise  oneself. 
nepeoACTb  see  nepeoAeeaTb. 
nepeofleTbCJi    see    nepeoAe- 

BaibCH. 

nepeou,eHHB|aTb  [p^ir^iAtse- 
n^ivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
nepeoueHJHTb  [p''ir^;Atsi^- 
n^it*']  perf  -k),  nepeoueHHiub, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  revalue, 
reappraise;  2.  over-estimate, 
overrate. 

nepenHcaxb  see  nepenHCbi- 
Baib. 

nepenHCbiBJaxb  [p^ir^i^p^i- 
sivaf^l  imperf  -aK),  -aemb, 
nepenH|caTb  [p^ir^ip^isaf*] 
perf  -my,  nepenHuieuib,  p 
-caji,  imp  -iiiH  1.  rewrite; 
(re)type;  have  smth  (re)typed; 
^aib  HaqHCTo  write  out  fair; 
make  a  clean  copy  of; 
2.  copy  {make  a  written  copy 
of);  3.  make  a  list  of. 

nepenHCbiB|aTbC5i  [p^ir^i*-'- 
p^isivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeujbCH  correspond  (with 
smb)\  write  to  each  other. 

n6penHc|b  [p^er^ip^'is^,  -z''] 
/  -H  census. 

nepenjiecTH  see  nepenJie- 
Taxb, 

nepenjiex  [p^ir^'i^pPot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  binding,  (book-) 
cover;  KHHra  b  -^e  bound 
book;x3TAaTb  mto-ji.  b  -^  have 
smth  bound; 

<>  nonacTb    e    ^    col  ^  get 
into  trouble /a  scrape. 

nepenjierlaTb  [p''ir'*ipPi^- 
tat**l  imperf  -aw,  -aeuib,  ne- 


penjielcTH  [p^ir^ipl^i^s^t^i] 
perf  -ly,  -leujb,  p  nepenjieji, 
-jia,  imp  -TH  1.  bind  (a  book, 
etc);  have  (a  book,  etc)  bound; 
2.  interknit,  interlace. 
nepenojiHHTb  see   nepenoJi- 

HHTb. 

nepenojiHJMT.b  [p^ir^ipAl- 
n^at'*]  imperf  -hk),  -neiub, 
nepenojiHlHTb  [p^'ir^i^pol- 
n^it^]  perf  -k),  -Hiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  overfill;  overcrowd; 
2.  fig  fill  (of  a  feeling). 

nepenojiox  [p'^ir^ipAlokh, 
-gh]  m  -a  commotion,  flurry, 
alarm;  noAHHTb  —  raise  an 
alarm";  give  rise  to  commo- 
tion. 

nepenpoHSBOACTBJo  [p^ir^i- 
praizvotjtva]  n  -a  over-pro- 
duction. 

nepenyrarb  see  nepenyxbi- 
Baxb. 

nepenyxbiBlaib  [p'^'ir^i^pu- 
ttvat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeujb, 
nepenyxjaTb  [p^'ir^i^putat''] 
perf  -aK),  -aemb  1.  entangle, 
tangle  (threads,  etc);  2.  mix 
(up),  confuse,  muddle  up. 

nepepeaaxb  see  nepepeaaxb. 

nepepe3|axb  [p^ir^ir^'i^zat^J 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  nepepel- 
3axb  [p^ir^i^r^'ezat^]  perf 
-my,  -H<emb,  p  -3a ji,  imp  -mb 

1.  cut     (mostly    into    two); 

2.  cut  off,  intercept. 
nepepbiB    [p^ir^i^rlf,   -v]  m 

-a,  -OB  interval,  break,  in- 
termission; recess,  adjourn- 
ment; —  Ha  HHXHaAUaxb  mh- 
Hyx  fifteen  minutes'  break. 
nepecaAJKa  [p^'ir^'i^satka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  transfer,  change  (of 
train,  etc);  AeJiaxb  ~Ky  trans- 


—  297  — 


nep 


fer,  change  trains  [buses, 
ttc]. 

nepecaxHB|aTbcsi  [p^ir^i®- 
lazhivattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH,  nepece|CTb  [p^ir**!^- 
s^es^t^]  perf  nepecH^y,  ne- 
pecHAeuib,  p  -Ji,  imp  nepe- 
CHAb  1.  change  one's  seat, 
move  (to  another  seat);  ex- 
change seats;  nepececTb  6m- 
me  [Aajibuie]  take  seats  closer 
[farther]  {in  a  theatre,  etc); 
2.  transfer,  change  trains 
[buses,  etc\\  '-aTbCH  Ha  aSTo- 
6yc  change  for  a  bus, 

nepeceKJaTb  [p^ir^is^i^kat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  nepece|Hb 
[phr^i^s^ech'*]  perf  -Ky, 
-Heiub,  p  nepeceK,  -KJia,  imp 
-KH  cross,  intersect;  cross,  go 
across,  move  across. 

nepecejiHTb  see  nepecejiHTb. 

nepecejiHTbCfl    see    nepece- 

JIHTbCH. 

nepeceji|HTb  [p^'ir^is^i®- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hio.  -neuib,  ne- 
pecejilHTb  [p^ir^is^i^l^it*']  perf 
-K),  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
move  {smb  to  a  new  flat, 
etc). 

nepeceji|flTbCfl  [p^ir^is^i^- 
Pattsa]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -nemb- 
CH,  nepeceji|HTbcji  [p^'ir^is^i'^- 
l^ittsa]  perf  -ibcb,  -HuibCJi,  p 
-HJiCHj  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  move,  remove  {to  a 
new  flat,  etc). 

nepececTb     see    nepecascH- 

BaibCH. 

nepeceHb  see  nepeceKaTb. 

nepecKas  [p^ir^'i'^skas,  -z] 
m  -a  1.  retelling,  narration; 
2.  reproduction,  exposition 
{of  smth  heard,  etc). 


nepecjiixb  see  nepecbuiaxb, 

nepecMaTpHBlaxb  [p^ir^i®- 
smatr^ivat^]  imperf  -aio, 
-aeuib,  nepecMOTplexb  [p^ir^i- 
smAtr^et^]  perf  -lo,  nepecMOT- 
pHuib,  p  -eji,  imp  -H  1.  look 
over,  look  through,  go  over; 
2,  revise  {review  and  amend)', 
reconsider. 

nepecralBaxb  [p^ir^istA- 
vat^]  imperf  -ib,  -euib,  p 
-saJi,  imp  -Baft,  nepecxlaxb 
[p^ir^i^stat^]  perf  -any, 
-anemb,  p  -aJi,  imp  -anb:  ne- 
pecxaxb  AeJiaxb  mxo-ji.  stop  / 
cease  doing  smth;  Ao^K^b  ne- 
pecxaji  the  rain  (has)  ceased; 
He  ~BaH  incessantly,  con- 
tinuously. 

nepecxaBHXb  see   nepecxas- 

JIHXb. 

nepecxaBJiJHxb  [p^ir^ist/«v- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hk),  -Hemb, 
nepecxaBJHXb  [p^ir^i^stav^it^] 
perf  -Jiio,  -Hoib,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-b  1.  move  somewhere  else, 
move  from  one  place  to 
another,  shift,  rearrange  (/«/•- 
nit'ure,  etc);  2.  put  on  /  for- 
ward [back]  {a  watch,  etc); 
<>  ejie  HorH  --flxb  be  hardly 
able  to  drag  one's  feet  along. 

nepecxaxb  see  nepecxasaxb. 

nepecxpaHBJaxbCsi  [p^ir^i^- 
straivattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH.nepecxpolHXbcji  [p^i- 
r^i^stroittsa]  perf  -locb,  -Huib- 
Cfl,  p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCH,  -Hxecb  change  one's 
views;  improve  one's  methods 
of  work;  reform  {become  bet- 
ter). 

nepecxpaxoBmHK  [p^'ir^i- 
strAkhofsh'';ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 


nep 


—  298  — 


eol  overcautioul  person, 
hedger. 

nepecTpdjilKa  [p'ir'i*str*'el- 
ks]  /  -KH,  -OK  skirmish,  fire 
tngagement,  exchange  of  fire. 

nepecTpoHTbCH    see     nepe- 

CTpaHBaTbCH. 

nepecxynlaxb  [p^ir^istu- 
pat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  ne- 
pecTyn|HTb  [p^ir^istup^it^] 
perf  -jiK),  nepecxynHuib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  step  (over), 
overstep;  2.  fig  transgress 
(a  bound,  etc),  exceed  {one's 
powers,  a  limit,  etc);  3.  {no 
perf):  -^axb  c  hofh  Ha  Hory 
shift  from  one  foot  to  the 
other. 

nepecbuilaxb  [p^ir^'isilat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  nepecji|axb 
[p'^ir^'i^slat^]  perf  nepemJiio, 
nepemjieiub,  p  -aji,  imp  ne- 
peiuJiH  send,  send  over  {smth); 
forward  {a  letter,  etc);  remit 
{money). 

nepeyji  ok  [p^ir^i^ulak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  side-street,  by- 
street. 

nepexofl  [p^ir^i^khot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -08  1.  passage,  crossing 
{the  act  of  passing  across  on 
foot);  mil  (one  day's)  march; 
npH  ~e  Mepea  yjiHuy  [py- 
^eli  u  m.  n.]  while  crossing  the 
street  [brook,  etc];  2.  crossing 
{the  place  of);  .3.  transition 
{from  one  state  to  another); 
~  B  jipyryio  Bepy  conver- 
sion to  another  faith. 

nepexofl|MXb  [p^ir^ikhA- 
d^it^]  imperf  nepexo>Ky,  ne- 
pexoAHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
nepeHJxM  [p^'ir'^i^yt^i]  perf 
-Ay,  -fleuib,   p   nepemeji,  ne- 


peiiijia,  imp  -ah  1.  cross,  get 
(over),  go  (across),  go  (over); 

2.  pass  on  /  over  {to  smth), 
proceed  {to  smth);  pass  {from 
smth  to  smth,  into  smb's 
hands,  etc);  turn  {to  smth); 
go  on  /  over    {to  smth,    smb); 

3.  turn    (into   a   new    state); 

4.  assume,  initiate,  launch 
{an  offensive,  attack); 

<>•    —  HXb       M3      pyK      B      PyKH 

change   hands  (many  times). 

nepexoflHbiH  [p'^ir^i^khod- 
niy]  a  1.  transition(al);  2.  ling 
transitive. 

nepjeu  [p*'er^its,  -dz]  m  -ua 
pepper. 

nepeHJeHb  [p^'er^ich^m'']  m 
-HH,  -HCH  list,  register,  in- 
ventory. 

nepeHMCjiHxb     see     nepcHH- 

CJlHXb. 

nepeMHCjijnxb  [p^ir^'ich^'is''- 
l^at^]  imperf  -hkd,  -nemb, 
nepeHMCjilHXb  [p'^ir'^i^ch^'is'*- 
Pit**]  perf  -K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi, 
imp  -H  1.  enumerate  (name 
over);  2.  transfer  {money). 

nepHjia  [p^'i^r^ib]  pi  nepHji 
rail,  railing;  banisters'(o/  a 
staircase). 

nepMOA  [p^i^r'^iat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  period  {of  time);  b  ~, 
3a  ~  during,  in  the  course 
of;  33  ~  c...  since...,  aa  ko- 
poxKHH  —  in  a  short  space 
of  time;  2.  geol  period,  epoch, 
age. 

nepjo  [p^'i^ro]  n  -a,  pi 
nepbH,  nepbCB  1.  feather  {of 
a  bird);  2.  pen  {for  writing). 

neppoH  fp'^i^ron]  m  -a,  oe 
platform  (of  a  railway,  etc, 
station). 


—  299  — 


nen 


nepcoHEJi  [p^irsAnal]  m  -a 
personnel,  staff. 

nepyaHCK|HH  [p^iruansk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Peruvian. 

nepySHJeu  [p^'iruan^'its,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Peruvian. 

nepMar  KH  [p^i^rch^atk^i] 
pi  -OK  {sing  nepMaTKJa  /  -h) 
gloves. 

necJHji  [p^es^n^a]  /  -hh,  pi 
-HH,  -en,  -HHM  song  {a  poem 
set  to  music);  HapoAHan  ~h5i 
folk-song; 

<>  flojirasi  —Hsi  col  a  long 
story;  cxapaji  —hh  col  ah  old 
story. 

necjoK  [p^i^sok,  -g]  m  -Ka 
(-Ky),     -KOB    sand;     3bi6yHHe 
'-'KH  quicksands; 
•0  caxapHbiH  —OK  granulated 
sugar. 

necTpjbiH  [p'^ostriy]  a  sh  f 
-^,  necTpa,  -o  (necipo),  -bi 
(necTpbi)  motley,  particol- 
oured; multicoloured;  gay, 
gay-coloured. 

nexjiHlua  [p^i^tPitja]  f -u, 
-^  1.  buttonhole;  2.  tab  {on 
a  uniform). 

neT|jifl  [p^etl^g]  /  -jih,  pi 
-JIH,  -ejib,  -JiHM  1.  loop, 
noose;  2.  loop,  buttonhole; 
3.  stitch  {in  knitting);  4.  av 
loop. 

nexyx  [p^i^tukh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-OB  cock  {ihe  male  of  a  hen); 
US  rooster; 

<>BCTaBaTb  c  — aMH  rise  at 
cock-crow. 

neib  [p^et^]  imperf  noib, 
noeuib,  p  neji,  nejia,  imp  noH, 
npoinexb  [prAp^et^]  perf, 
cinexb  [s^p^et^]  perf  1.  -sing 
{!)  a   song,  etc;  2)   of  birds; 


3)  of  a  kettle,  etc);  crow  {of  a 
cock);  ~  BnoJirojioca  hum 
{sing);  2.  {no  perf):  —  6acoM 
[xenopoM  u  m.  d.]  have  a  bass 
[tenor,  etc];  sing  the  bass 
[tenor,  etc\. 

nexoxja  [p^i^khota]  /  -u 
infantry. 

neHajibHJbiH  [p'^i^ch^aPniy] 
a  sh  f   neMajien,    -a,    -o,    -bi 

1.  sad,  sorrowful,  mournful, 
dismal;  2.  regrettable,  unfor- 
tunate,  grievous. 

nenaxjaxb  [p^i^ch^atat^J 
imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,  Ha;neHa- 
xaxb  [nap''i*^ch^at^t^]  perf  1. 
print  {1)  impress  on  paper; 
2)  publish);  type;  ~-aTb  na 
MauiHHKe  type;  2.  have  {one's 
article)  published  {in  a  mag- 
azine, etc);  imperf  also  write 
{articles  for  a  magazine,  etc); 
3.  carry  {of  a  newspaper,  etc). 

neHax|b  [p^i^ch'^at^]  /  -h, 
-en   1.  seal,    stamp  {also  fig); 

2.  press  {periodicals  and  the 
people   who    work  for    them); 

HMeXb  XOpOUIHe  6x3bIBbI  B   -~H 

have  a  good  press;  .3.  press, 
printing,  print;  Bb'iHXH  h3  — h 
be  published,  appear. 

nencHlb  [p^'ech^in^]  /  -h 
anat  liver. 

neHeHb|e  [p^i^ch^en^ya]  n 
-H  pastry  {small  flat  cakes); 
biscuits   {cakes). 

neH|Ka  [p^ech^ka]  / -KH,  -eK 
co/=neMb  II. 

ncHb  I  [p^ech^]  imperf  ncKy, 
neneuib,  p  neK,  ncKjia,  imp 
neKH,  HcincHb  [isp^ech^]  per/ 
1.  bake  {in  an  oven);  2.  {no 
perf)  scorch,  be  hot  (o/  the 
sun,   etc). 


neq 


300 


neHJb  II  Ip^ech'^,  -j^]  /  -h. 
-eft  stove  {for  heating  or  cook- 
ing)', oven;  technol  furnace; 
AOMeHHan  ~b  blast-furnace; 
MapTCHOBCKaH  ~b  open- 
-hearth  furnace. 

neuiexoA  [p^'isht^khot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  pedestrian. 

neui|Ka  [p'^eshka]  f  -kh, 
-CK  chess  pawn  {also  fig). 

neiiiKOM  [p'^i^shkom]  adv 
on  foot;  HATH  ~  walk,  go 
on  foot. 

nemep[a  [p^i^sh^:er8]  /  -bi, 
^  cave,  cavern. 

nHaHMHo  [p^'iAn^ina]  n  in- 
decl  (upright)  piano;  nrpaib 
Ha  ~-  play  the  piano. 

nHBH|aH  [p^ivnaya]  /  -oft, 
-bix  pub,  beerhouse;  US  bar- 
room, saloon. 

nHBJo  [p^iva]  n  -a  beer. 

HHA^aK  [p^idzhak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  coat,  jacket. 

nH>KaM|a  [p^izhama]  /  -bi, 
^  pyjamas. 

nHJi  [p^ii],  HHJia  [p^ila] 
see  HHTb^ 

nHJija  [p^ila]  /  -b'l,  pi  nft- 
Jibi,   ~,  HHJiaM  saw    (a  tool). 

nHji|MTb  [p^il^it^l  imperf 
-K),  nftjiHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
1.  saw;  2.  fig  col  nag,  pester. 

nHjioT  [p^'ilot,  -d]  m  -a, 
OB  pilot  {of  an  aircraft). 

oMjiibjilji  [p^iPul^a]  /  -H, 
-b  med  pill; 

<>  no30JiOTHTb  — K)  sugar  the 
pill. 

HHOHep  [p^iAn^er]  m  -a, 
-OB  Young  Pioneer,  pioneer 
(a  member  of  the  voluntary 
communist  organization  of 
children). 


nHp  [p^'ir]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  feast  {a  meal  or  banquet); 
<>  ~  Ha  eecb  mho  =  sump- 
tuous feast. 

nnnor  [p^irok,  -c|]  m  -a, 
-OB  pie,   pasty;  tart  {food). 

nHpojKHloe  [p'^irozhnayal  n 
-oro,  -bix  (fancy)  cake. 

oHpoK^OK  [p^'irAzhok,  -g] 
m  -Ka    -KOB  patty,  pie. 

nHcaTeji|b  [p^'isat^il^]  m 
-H,  -eft  writer,  author. 

nHc|aTb  [p^isat^]  imperf 
HHiiiy,  nHmeiub,  p  -aji,  imp 
nHuiH,  HainHcaxb  [nap^isat^J 
perf  1.  write;  2.  {no  perf) 
write  {for  a  magazine,  etc); 
3.  paint  {1)  a  picture,  etc; 
2)  in  oil,  etc). 

nHCTOjiex  [p^istAl^et,  -d] 
m  -a,  -oB  pistol,  gun. 

nHCbMeHHJbiH  [p^'is^m^m- 
niy]  a  1.  written  {work,  re- 
quest, etc);  2.:  —bift  ctoji 
desk,  writing-table; —bift  npH- 
66p    writing   set. 

nHCbMlo  [p^is^mo]  n  -a,  pi 
HHCbMa,  nftceM,  nricbMaM  1. 
letter  {a  message);  oTKpbiToe 
~-6  1)  postcard;  2)  open  let- 
ter; aaKasHoe  —6  registered 
letter;  peKOMeHAaxejibHoe  —6 
letter  of  recommendation;  2. 
writing  {the  art  of). 

nHxaHHle  [p'^itan^'iya]  n  -h 
1.  nourishment,  nutrition, 
feeding,  diet;  ycftjieHHoe  -~-e 
nourishing  diet,  high-caloric 
diet;  2.  technol  feeding; 
<>  oCmecTBeHHoe  —e  public 
catering. 

nHTaTeJibHJbiH  [p^itaf'il^- 
niy}  a  sh  f  nHTaieJieH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  nourishing,  nutritious. 


—  301  — 


njia 


HHTlaxb  [p^itat^]  imperf 
^aK),  -aeuib  1.  feed,  nourish 
{also  fig);  2.  fig  feel,  have 
{sympathy,  confidence,  etc); 
'-axb  Hajxemj^y  cherish  the 
hope;  3.  iechnol  feed. 

nHT|aTbCH  [p^itattsa]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aembCH  feed  {on 
smth),  live  {on  smth);  xopomo 
[njioxo]  -— axbCH  have  good 
[bad]  food;  —aTbcn  b  ctojio- 
BOH  have  one's  meals  at  a 
dining-room. 

nHTb  [p^it^]  imperf  uhio, 
Hbeiub,  p  HHji,  HHjia,  nHJio, 
oHJiH,  imp  nefl,  obinHTb 
[vfp^it^]  perf  Bb'mbK),  Bbi- 
nbeiub,  p  BbmHJi,  imp  Bbmeft 
drink,  take  {tea,  etc);  gulp 
{a  liquid);  sip;  h  xoMy  — 
I'm  thirsty;  BbinHXb  cxaKaH 
qaio  have/ take  a  glass  of 
tea;  — ■  aa  Koro-Ji.  drink  to 
smb;  ~  3a  Hbe-ji.  sAopoBbe 
drink  smb's  health. 

nHuiH  [p^ishl]  see    nHcaxb. 

nHuiy  [p^'ishu],  niiiiiemb 
[p^ish9sh,  -zh]  see  nHcaxb. 

nHm|a  [p^ish^:a]  /  -h  food 
(a/50  fig); 

<>  Aaeaxb  ~y  noflOspcHHRM 
JcjiyxaM  u  m.  n.\  feed  suspi- 
cions [rumours,  etc]. 

nHmjaxb  [p^ish^:at^]  im- 
perf -y,  -Huib,  p  -aji,  imp 
-H  squeak;  peep,  chirp;  whine 
{of  children), 

nHii;eBapeHH|e  [p^ish^iivA* 
r^en^iya]  n  -h  digestion;  pac- 
cxpoflcxBO  ~H  indigestion. 

nHmeeloH  [p^ish^-.i^voy]  a: 
'-bie  opoflyKXbi  food-stuffs; 
~a5i  npoMbmiJienHocxb  food 
industry. 


njiaBJaxb  [plavat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub  [cf  njibixb]  swim 
{1)  in  water;  2)  on  the  water); 
float,  drift;  sail  {on  board  a 
ship). 

njiaBH|biH  [plavnty]  a  sh  f 
njiaBCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  smooth  {not 
jerky);  flowing  {speech). 

njiaKax  [plAkat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  poster,  bill,  placard. 

njiaJKaxb  [plakat^]  imperf 
-^y,  -qeiiib,  p  -Kaji,  imp  -Mb 
1.  cry  weep;  sob  (m  d/s/ress); 
~Kaxb  HaBspbiA  sob;  2.  weep 
{for),  cry  {for);  mourn,  grieve 
{for); 

<>    xoxb     ~Hb!      col     it     is 
enough    to    make    you    cryl 

njiaM|ji  [plam'^a]  n  -eHH 
flame,  blaze;  BcnuxHyxb  — e- 
HCM  blaze  out  {of  a  fire). 

njiaH  [plan]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
plan  {for  the  future,  etc); 
target  [a  quantity  set  for  out- 
put); scheme,  project;  ccmh- 
jiexHHH  —  seven-year  plan; 
nepcneKXHBHbiH  ~  long-term 
plan;  —  BbiriycKa  npo^y^iUHH 
output  plan;  cxpoHXb  ~bi 
make  plans;  2.  plan,  map^ 
CHHMaxb  -~-  qero-ji.  make  a 
plan  of  smth;  3.:  saAHHH  — 
background;  na  nepe^HeM  [na 
aaflHCM]  ~e  in  the  foreground 
[background];  na  nepBOM  -'e 
in  the  forefront. 

njianep  [plAn^or]  m  -a,  -oe 
glider  {an  aircraft). 

njiaHejxa  [pUn^ets]  /  -bi, 
—  planet. 

njiaHOB|biH  [plansviy]  a 
planned,  systematic;  '— oe  xo- 
3HHCXB0  planned  economy; 
-^biH  oxfleji  planning  section; 


iiJia 


—  802  — 


— oe  saflaHHe  target  (figure), 
(production)  plan. 

njiaHOMepHtbiM  [pbnAm^er- 
niy]  a  sh  f  njianoMepeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  systematic,  planned, 
balanced,  regular. 

njiacTHH|Ka  [pUs^t^inlo]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  plate (2)  o/me/a/; 
2)  in  photography};  2.  (gram- 
ophone) record;  nocxaBHTb 
'-Ky  put  on  a  record. 
,  njiacTMaccja  [plAstmassa]  / 
-bi  plastic. 

njiacTbip|b  [plastir^]  m  -h, 
-eft  med  (sticking-)plaster; 
npHJioHCHTb  ~b  apply  plaster. 

njiarja  [plata]  /  -bi  pay, 
payment;  fee,  charge;  —a  3a 
npoesA  fare  passage;  sapa- 
6oTHaH  —a  wages;  pay,  sal- 
ary; KBapTHpHan  —a  rent 
{for  dwelling);  --a  aa  bxoa 
entrance  fee. 

njiaTHHJa  [plaf'ina]  /  -u 
platinum. 

njiarlMTb  [pUt^it^]  imperf 
njia^y,  njiaxHiiib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  sainjiaxHTb  [zapUt^it^] 
perf,  yinjiaiMTb  [upUt^it^] 
perf  1.  pay  {give  money,  make 
a  payment,  etc);  —Hib  Hajiijq- 
HbiMH  pay  in  cash/  ready  mo* 
ey;  —Hib  no  c^eTy  settle  an 
account,  pay  a  bill;  —Hib  b 
Kaccy  pay  at  the  cash-box; 
~HTb  B  .paccpo^Ky  pay  by 
instalments;  2.  (sanjiaTHTb)//^ 
pay;~HTb  ycjiyroft  aa  ycjiyry 
return  a  service/  a  kindness, 
payback;  ~HTb  KOMy-ji.  Bsa- 
liMHocTbK)  return  smb's  love. 

njiaxHbiH  [platniy]  a  1.  re- 
quiring payment;  2.  paid 
{.work,  etc). 


njiailoK  [pUtok,  -g]  m  -k5, 
-KOB  shawl;  kerchief;  HocoBoa 
■~6k  handkerchief. 

njiaT4)6pM|a  [plAtf6rm8]  / 
-bi,  ^  1.  platform  {1)  on  a 
railway;  2)  pol);  2.  (railway) 
truck;  US  flat-car. 

njiaTbje  [plaf'ya]  n  -n,  -ea 
1.  clothes,  clothing;  BepxHee 
— e  outdoor  wear,  outer 
clothes;  2.  dress,  frock, 
gown. 

njiauKaprla  [pUtskarta]  / 
--bi,  —  reserved  seat  (ticket) 
{for  passage);  berth  {for  sleep- 
ing); BSHTb  — y  book  a  re- 
served seat;  book  a  ticket. 

njian  [plach'',  -j^]  m  -a 
weeping,  crying. 

njianeBHlbiH  [plAch^evniy] 
a  sh  f  njianeBen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
deplorable,  lamentable;  b 
~0M  nojioHceHHH  in  a  sorry 
plight,  in  a  deplorable  posi- 
tion; ~biH  HcxoA  failure; 
HMexb  ~biH  BHA  cut  3  sorry 
figure. 

njiam  [plash^:,  -zh^:]  m 
-a,  -efi  1.  raincoat,  water- 
proof coat,  makintosh;  2. 
cloak  {an  outer  garment). 

njieearejibKHula  [pl^i^va- 
t^iPn^itsa]  /  -bi,  -^  spittoon. 

njieBJaxb  [pl^'i^vat^J  imperf 
n;iK)K),  njiioeuib,  p  -aji,  imp 
njDoPi,  njiK)H|yTb  [pl^unut^] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -b 
1.  spit  {throw  out  saliva);  2. 
fig  co/^spit  {on),  not  care  a 
fig  /  straw;  eMy  Ha  Bce  —axb 
he  doesn't  care  a  fig /straw. 

njieMJii  [pl^em^'a]  n  -chh, 
pi  -cHa,  -en,  -enaM  tribe 
{a  community). 


—  ws  — 


IIJIO 


njieMflHHMK  [pPi^m^an^- 
n^'ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob    nephew. 

njieMsiHHHula  [pPi'^m'^an''- 
B^itsa]  /  -bi,   —  niece. 

njicH  [pl^en]  m  -a  captivity 
[also  fig);  BSHib  b  ^  take 
prisoner. 

njieHJKa  [pl^onka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  film  [used  in  photography, 
etc);  sacHHTb  Ha  — Ky  pho- 
tograph; npOHBHTb  -~Ky  de- 
velop a  film. 

njieHHbiii  [pl^ennty]  I  a 
captive; 

1 1  as  a  noun  n  Ji  e  h  h  |  bi  h   m 
-oro,  -bix  prisoner    (of  v/ar). 

njienyM  [plenum]  m  -a, 
-OB  plenum,  plenary  session. 

njieceH|b  [pl^es^m^]  /  -h 
mould  {on  leather,  cheese,  etc). 

njiecK  [pPesk,  -zgj  m  -a 
splash,  swash;  lapping  {of 
waves). 

njielcTH  [pl^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-Ty,  -Teuib,  p  njieji,  -Jia,  imp 
-TH,  cinjiecTM  [spl^i^s^t^i]  perf 
1.  braid,  plait;  weave  {bas- 
kets, etc);  twine  {a  wreath, 
etc);  spin  {a  web,  etc);  2.  {no 
perf)  fig  col:  --cth  epyHAV 
[B3A0p]  talk  nonsense. 

njielcTHCb  [pPi^s^t^is^] /m- 
perf  -Tycb,  -xembCJi,  p  njieji- 
CH,  -jiacb,  imp  -THCb,  -THxecb 
col  drag  oneself  along,  walk 
slowly; 

<>■  --CTHCb  B  xBocTe  lag  be- 
hind; trail  along  at  the  back. 

iijieH|6  [pPi^ch^o]  n  -a,  pi 
njieqH,  ~,  -aM  1.  shoulder 
{part  of  the  body);  2.  technol 
arm; 

<»    HMCTb    rojioBy    Ha     '-ax 
have  a  good   hfead   on  one's 


shoulders;  He  no  ~y  KOMy-ji. 

beyond  smb's  power;  BbiHccxH 
Ha  CBOHx  ~ax  (bcw  xflacecTb 
Mero-ji.)  bear  the  brunt  of 
smth;  c  -'  aojioh  ^  that's 
done,  thank  goodness. 

njiHTJa  [pPita]  /  -b'l,  pi 
njiHTbi,  — ',  njiHiaM  1.  plate, 
slab,  flag(stone);  MorHJibHan 
~a  gravestone,  tombstone; 
2.  (kitchen-)range;  rasoBan 
—  a  gas-cooker. 

njioBJeu  [plAV^ets,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -uoB  swimmer.^ 

ojioji  [plot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
fruit  {also  fig);  npHHocHXb 
~bi  bear  fruit  {also  fig);  no- 
jKHHaxb  —bi  MyjKoro  xpy^a 
reap  where  one  has  not  sown; 
-—  HeAopasyMeuHJi  result  of 
misunderstanding. 

njioflop6;iH|biH  [pladArod- 
niy]  a  sh  f  njioj^opojieH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  fertile,  rich  {soil,  etc). 

nji0A0XB6pH|biH  [pbdAtvor- 
niy]  a  sh  f  njioAoxBopen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  fruitful  {idea,  etc). 

nji6M6|a  [plomba]  /  -bi,  -- 
1.  seal,  stamp,  lead  {on  the 
door,  etc);  2.  stopping,  filling 
{for  teeth);  cxaBHXb  — y  fill/ 
stop  a  tooth. 

n.iOM6Hp  [plAmb^ir]  m  -a 
(fancy)  ice-cream. 

nji6cK|HH  [plosk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  njiocoK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  flat  {ground,  etc);  2.  fig 
trivial,  stupid,  flat  {joke,etc). 

njiocKor6p|be  [pbskAgor^- 
ya]  n -bH,  -hh  plateau,  table- 
-land. 

nji6cKocx|b  [ploskas^t^, 
-z^d*']  /  -H,  -eft  math  plane 
{also  /f^);  HBKjiOHHaa  --bin- 


njio 


S04  — 


clined  plane;  b  toh  jkc  ~h 
on  the  same  plane  (also  fig); 
B  onpeAejieHHOH  --h  from  a 
certain  angle; 

<>     KaTHTbCfl    no      HaKJIOHHOH 

'--H  (morally)    go    downhill. 

njiOT  [plot,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
raft,  float. 

njiOTMH|a  [plAt^ina]  /  -bi, 
--  dam.  weir;  dike,   dyke. 

njioTHMK  [plot^n'^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  carpenter. 

njiOTHlbiH  [plotnty]  a  sh  f 
nJioTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  com- 
pact, dense,  close;  2.  thickset 
{person);  3.  col:  —bifi  o6eA 
[saBTpaK  u  m.  n.]  square 
meal. 

njioxo  [plokha]  I  adv  bad- 
ly; -—  ce6H  MyBCTBOBaTb  feel 
bad  /  unwell; 

II  impers  predic  that's  bad; 
MHe  ^  I  feel  bad  /  unwell;  en 
CTajio  --  she  fainted;  she 
felt  unwell; 

III  as  a  noun  n  indecl  bad 
mark  {at  school). 

njiox|6H  [plAkhoy]  I  a  -an, 
-6e,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  njioxo, 
njioxH  bad  {1)  opposite  of 
good;  2^  smell,  etc;  3)  clothes, 
etc);  ~6e  HacTpoeHHe  bad 
mood,  low  spirits;  ^6e  a^o- 
poBbe  poor  health;  '-oe  yie- 
meHHe  poor  consolation; 
II  as  a  noun  n  Ji  o  x  |  6  e  n 
-oro:  HTo  Tyx  --oro?  what's 
wrong  about  that?; 
<>  C  HHM  uiyrKH  njIOXH  ^ 
he  is  not  to  be  trifled  with; 
he  is  i  dangerous  customer. 

n;ioiuaA|Ka  [pUsh^iatka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  ground  {for  some 
purpose);  playground;  sports 


ground;  CTpoHTejibHan  ~Ka 
construction  /  building  site; 
2.  landing     {of   a   staircase). 

nji6maA|b  [pl6sh^:9t^,  -d^j 
/  -H,  -eft  1.  square  {in  a  pop- 
ulated area);  2.  areai  space; 
jKHjiaH  ~b  dwelling  space; 
floorspace;  dwelling,  flat;  3. 
math  area. 

njiyr  [pluk,  -g]  m  -a,  pi 
-H,  -OB  plough  {used  in  farm- 
ing). 

njiyr  [plut,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
cheat,  swindler,  knave; 
rogue,  rascal. 

njibiJTb  [plit^]  imperf  -By, 
-Beiiib,  p  -JI,  -jia,  njibijio, 
njibiJiH,  imp  -BH  a  concrete 
movement  in  a  definite  direc- 
tion {cf  HJiaBaTb]  swim  {1) 
in  water;  2)  on  the  water); 
float;  dtift;  sail  {of  a  ship, 
etc);  boat;  -~Tb  no  TeMeHHK) 
go  down  stream  [a/so  see  <>]; 
^Tb  np6THB  TeqeHHJi  go  up 
stream  [also  see  <>]; 
<>'^Tb  no  TCHeHHio  go  with 
the  stream/ tide;  ~Tb  npo- 
THB  TeneHHA  go  against  the 
stream. 

njiiOH  [pl^uy]    see  njieBaTt. 

njnoHyrb  see  njiCBaxb. 

njiioc  [pl^us,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  math,  elect r  plus;  2.  ad- 
vantage {smth  to  the  good). 

njiiom  [pl^'ush^:,  -zh^:]  m 
-a  ivy. 

njiioib  fpl'uyu],  njiioemb 
[pl^uy6sh,  -zh]  see    njieBaxb. 

njiam  [pl'^ash,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-eft  beach. 

njiJic|aTb  [pl^i^sat'']  imperf 
njiHuiy,  nJiHuieiub,  p  -aji,  imp 
njiHUJH  col  dance,  caper. 


-  305  — 


no 


nHJi  [pn^a]  nHefi  [pn^ey] 
see  neHb. 

no  [po;  in  the  first  preton- 
ic  position  —  pA;  in  the  sec- 
ond and  other  pretonic  posi- 
tions —  pa;  in  a  stressed  posi- 
tion —  p6]  prep  I  with  dat 
denoting  \.  a  thing,  place, 
etc,  along  or  on  whose  sur- 
face an  action,  a  movement, 
etc,  takes  place:  hath  [exaTb] 
no  yjiHue  [Aopore  u  m.  n.] 
go  [walk,  drive]  along  the 
street  [road,  etc];  hath  no 
Tpaee  walk  on  the  grass; 
cnycKaTbCH  no  jiecTHHue  go 
downstairs,  come  downstairs; 
no  KpaHM  along  the  edges; 
no  KpaHM  AopoFH  pocjiH  Ae- 
peBbH  there  were  trees  on 
both  sides  of  the  road;  2.  a 
thing,  place,  space  within 
which  an  action,  movement, 
etc,  takes  place:  ryjiHTb  no 
caAy  walk /stroll  in  the  gar- 
den; xoAliTb  no  KOMHaTe  walk 
to  and  fro  in  a  room;  nyTe- 
iiiecTBOBaTb  no  cTpane  tour 
a  country,  journey  through 
a  country;  xoAHTb  no  MyseHM 
do  museums,  visit  museums; 
xoAHTb  no  anaKOMbiM  pay 
visits  to  one's  friends/ ac- 
quaintances; no  BceMy  cBeTy 
all  over  the  world;  3.  some 
direction  that  is  followed: 
njibiTb  no  TeqeHHK)  go  down 
stream;  hath  no  cJieAaM... 
follow  (in)  the  tracks  of...; 
4.  smth  in  accordance  with 
which  an  action  is  perform- 
ed: no  coBCTy  Bpaqa  on  the 
advice  of  the  doctor;  no 
c66cTBeHH0My    meJiaauK)     of 


one's  own  free  will;  no  npa* 
BHJiaM  in  accordance  with  the 
rules;  according  to  the  rules; 
no  npHKaay  by  order;  cyAHTb 
no  BHeuiHocTH  judge  by  /  from 
(smb's)  appearances;  h^htb  no 
cpeACTBaM  live  within  one's 
means;  5.  cause,  reason:  no 
6ojie3HH  through  illness;  no 
pacceHHHocTH  through  absent- 
-mindedness;  no  neoSxoAHMo- 
CTH  of  necessity,  necessari- 
ly; no  omnSKe  by  mistake; 
no  qbeft-Ji.  Bnne  through  smb's 
fault;  no  npHBb'mKe  by  force 
of  habit;  no  o6biKHot!eHHio 
as  usual,  usually;  6.  a  thing 
by  means  of  which  or  with 
the  help  of  which  an  action 
is  performed:  roBopHTb  no 
Tejie4)6Hy  speak  over  /  on  the 
telephone;  no  noMTC  by  post; 
no  >Kejie3H0H  Aopore  -  by 
train;  7.  a  field,  sphere  of 
activity:  HccjieAOBanHe  no 
4)H3HKe  an  essay  in  physics; 
jieKUHH  no  Bonpocy  o...  a 
lecture  on  the  problem  of...; 
saHHTHH  no  reorpa4)HH  geo- 
graphy classes;  cneunajiHcx 
no  pyccKOH  JiHTepaType  a 
specialist  in  Russian  litera- 
ture, an  authority  on  Rus- 
sian literature;  ^leMnHOH  no 
njiaBaHHK)  swimming  cham- 
pion; 8.  a  thing  as  a  portion 
of  smth  that  is  equally  di- 
vided in  the  course  of  an 
action:  ohh  BbmnJiH  no  CTa- 
Kany  q^io  they  had  a  glass 
of  tea  each;  sanjiaTi^Tb  no 
py6jiK)  pay  a  rouble  apiece; 
9.  time,  term,  etc  (with  plu- 
ral nouns):  no  BOCKpecenbHM 


no 


—  306  — 


on  Sundays;  no  yxpaM  in  the 
morning  {as  a  rule);  no  ho- 
qaM  at  night  {as  a  rule);  oh 
He  HHcaji  HaM  no  MecHuaM 
we  received  no  letters  from 
him  for  months; 

II  with  ace  denoting  1.  dis- 
tribution: no  ABa  in  twos;  two 
each;  no  ABoe  in  twos,  two 
by  two;  2.  time  or  space 
limit:  no  rpyAfa  b  cnery  up 
to  one's  chest  in  (the)  snow; 
c  1958  no  1961  roA  from  1958 
to  1961;  no  nnioe  iviapxa 
up  to  the  fifth  of  March;  no 
cen  AGHb  up  to  /  till  now; 
3.  place:  no  sry  cTopoHy  on 
this  side  {of);  no  xy  cxopo- 
Hy  on  that  side  {of); 

III  with  pr  denoting  succes- 
sion in  time:  no  OKOH^aHKH 
yHHBepcHxexa  on  graduating 
from  the  university. 

no...,  no-...  pref  1  of  verbs 
denoting  1.  the  beginning  of 
an  action:  no6e>Kaxb  [pab^i^- 
zhat^]  start  running,  break 
into  a  run;  norHaxb[pAgnat^] 
start  driving,  drive    {along); 

2,  the  continuation  of  an  ac- 
tion for  some  time:  nopa66- 
xaxb  [parAbotat^]  do  some 
work,  work    for   some   time; 

3.  the  perfective  aspect:  no- 
6pHXb  [pAbr^it^]  perf  of 
6pHxb;  4.  acquirement  of 
a  quality  or  of  a  greater 
degree  of  a  quality:  no6e- 
jiexb  [pab^i^Pet^]  .  grow 
white;  noAemeBexb  [pad'T- 
shi^v^et'']  become  cheaper; 

II  of  adjectives  &  nouns  de- 
noting 1.  occurrence  after 
yiihat  is  expressed  by  the  stem: 


nocMepxHbifl  [pAs^m'ertnly] 
posthumous;  2!  position  class 
to  smth  or  along  smth:  node* 
pe>Kbe  [pab^'i^r^ezhya]  (sea) 
coast,  seaboard;  norpanHq* 
HbiH  [pagrAn^'ich^niy]  fron- 
tier {attr)^  border  {attr); 
III  of  adverbs  denoting  1. 
mode  of  action:  no-HOBOMy 
[pAnovamu]  in  a  new  fashion; 
roBopHXb  no-pyccKH  speak 
Russian;  2.  conformity  to 
smb's  or  one's  desire,  opin- 
ion, etc:  no-MOCMy  [pAmoya- 
mu]  l)to  my  mind;  I  think 
(that...);  2)  as  I  would  have 
it;  in  accordance  with  my 
suggestion  /  advice. 

no6er  [pAb^ek,  -g]  m  -a 
flight,  escape. 

noSeAJa  [pAb^eda]  /  -bi,  — 
victory;  triumph  {over  smth). 

nc6eAHTeji|b[pab^i^d^it^il^] 
m  -H,  -eft  winner;  conqueror, 
victor;  sbiftxH  — eM  hs... 
emerge  victorious  from... 

no6eAHTb  see  no6eJKAaxb. 

no6eAOH6cHibiH  [pab^idA- 
nosnty]  a  sh  f  no6eAOH6ceH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  victorious,  trium- 
phant. 

noSejKAlaib  [pab^i^zhdat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  no6e- 
AJHXb  [pab^'i^d^it'^l  per/  -niiib 
\.  defeat,  conquer;  win  a 
victory  over;  win  {in  a 
game,  etc);  2.  fig  triumph 
(over),  prevail;  3.  fig  over- 
come, conquer. 

no6ejiHTb  see  6ejiHXb. 

noSepewlbe  [pab^i^r^ezhya] 
n  -bH,  -HH  (sea)  coast,  sea- 
board. 

ao6uTb  see  6aTb  1,  ^ 


— .  807  — 


noSjiaroflapHTb  see  6jiaro- 
;^apHTb. 

no6.«eflMeTb  see  6jieAHeTb. 

no6jiH3ocTH  [pAbl^'izas^t^'i] 
adv  near  by,  near  at  hand; 
'-'  OT  qero-ji.  near  smth. 

no66|H  [pAboi]  pi  -es  beat- 
ing, thrashing. 

noSpHTb  see  6pHTb, 

no6pHTbC5i  see  6pHTbCH. 

no6yAMTb    see    no6y/KAaTb. 

noSyMfllaib  [p8buzhdat^] 
Imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  no5y- 
flJHTb  [pabud^it^]  perf  no6y- 
3Ky,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi  impel,  in- 
duce, prompt  {smb  to  do 
smth). 

no6y}KAeHHie  [pabuzhd^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  motive,  in- 
centive, inducement;  h3  ca- 
Mbix  jiymuHx  — H  from  the 
most  laudable  motives. 

no6biBJaTb  [pabivat^]  perf 
-aK3,  -aeiub  visit,  be  (to  some 
place,  somewhere). 

no61biTb  [pAbtt^]  per/-yAy, 
-yAeuib,  p  n66biji,  -biJia,  no- 
6biJio,  n66biJiH,  imp  -yAb 
stay,  remain  (for  some  time). 

noeajiMTb  I  see  eajiHTb  I  1. 

noBajiHTb  II  see  saJiHTb  II. 

noBajiHTbCfl    see   eajiHTbCH. 

noeap  [p6v9r]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  cook. 

no-Bauieiviy  [pAvashamu] 
adv  corresp  to  bh  [cf  no- 
-TBoeMy]  1.  to  your  mind,  in 
your  opinion;  you  think 
(that . . .);  2.  as  you  would  have 
it;  in  accordance  with  your 
suggestion  /  advice;  nycTb  6y- 
Aex  ~  let  it  be  your  way, 
have  it  your  own  way. 


n^iya]  n  -h  behaviour,  con- 
duct, deportment. 

noBesTH   I  see  Beax^  I. 

noBesTH  II  see  sesTH  II. 

noBepHTb  see  sepHTb, 

noBepHyrb  see  noBOpaiH- 
Baib. 

noBepHyTbCfl  see  noBopaqH- 

BaXbCH. 

noBepx  [pAv^erkh,  -gh] 
prep  with  gen:  njiam  —  ko- 
CTioMa  a  raincoat  over  one's 
suit;  CMOTpexb  —-  o^^kob  look 
over  the  top  of  one's  spec- 
tacles. 

n  OBepxHOCTH  i  bi  H  [  p  A  v^erkh- 
nasniy]  a  sh  f  noBepxHO- 
CTCH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  superficial 
(also  fig);  surface  (attr). 

noBepxHOCT'ib  [pAv^erkh- 
n9s^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -H,  -efi  sur- 
face. 

noBecHTb  see  Beuiaxb  I. 

noeecTH  see  bccth  1,  2,  3. 

noBecT'iKa  [pAv^estka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  summons,  writ; 
subpoena;  mil  call-up  papers; 
2.  (also  ~Ka  ahh)  agenda, 
order  of  the  day;  cxojiTb  na 
~Ke  AHH  be  on    the  agenda. 

noBecxIb  [pov^is^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,    -eft  story,  narrative. 

no-BHii,HMOMy  [pAv^id^ima- 
mu]  parenth  apparently,  in 
all  probability;  oh,  --,  sa- 
6o„ie;i  in  all  probability  he's 
fallen  ill,  he  must  have  fall- 
en ill. 

noBHHJOBiTbcsi  [psv^inA- 
vattja]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yeuib- 
CH,  p  -oBajicH,  -OBajiacb,  imp 
-yftcH,  -yftxecb  obey,  submit. 

noBJiHflxb  see  BJiHHXb. 

uoBOA  Lpovat,    -dj    m    -a, 


noB 


—  80S  — 


-OB  occasion,  reason,  ground; 
■no  — -y  qero-Ji.  in  connexion 
with  smtii,  on  tiie  occasion 
of  smth;  6e3  bchkopo  ~a 
apropos  of  nothing;  without 
any  reason;  cJiy>KHTb  ~om 
give  rise  (to). 

noBOpaHHB|aTb  [p9VAra- 
ch'^ivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
noBCpHlyTb  [pav^'i^rnut^i 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
turn  (1)  a  handle,  etc\  2) 
one's  head,  etc;  3)  to  the  right, 
etc);  ~aTb  sa  yroji  turn  a 
corner;  2.  fig  change,  turn; 
HejTb3H  noBepHyib  BcnHTb  ko- 
jieco  JiCTopHH  one  can't  re- 
verse the  course   of   history. 

noBOpaHHBJaTbcsi  [pavAra- 
ch^ivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeiiibCH,  noBepHiyxbcsi  [p9- 
v^i^rnuttja]  perf  -ycb,  -eiub- 
CH,  p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp 
-Hcb,  -Hiecb  turn  (change 
one's  position);  turn  round; 
swing  (round);  --axbCH  chh- 
HOH  K  turn  one's  back  upon. 

noBOpOT  [pavArot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  turn  (a  change  in 
direction};-  2.  turning,  turn; 
bend,  curve;  3.  fig  change, 
turn,    turning-point. 

noBpcAHTb  see  noepe^K- 
AaTb. 

noBpe}KA|aTb  [pavr^i^zh- 
dat^]  imperf -k\o,  -aeuib,  n©- 
BpeAJHTb  [pavr^i*^d^it^l  perf 
noBpejKy,  -Huib,  p  -liji,  imp 
-H  damage;  spoil  (a  car,  etc); 
injure,  hurt. 

noBpe}KAeHH|e  [pavr^i^zh- 
d^en^iya]  n  -h,  -h  damage, 
injury;  nojiyMHib  ~e  be  dam- 
aged; get  injured  /  hurt. 


noBceAHeBHJbiH  [pafs^i®- 
d^n^evniy]  a  sh  f  noBce^He- 
BCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  daily,  every- 
day; day-to-day  (concern,  etc). 

nOBCioAy  [pAfs^'udu]  adv 
everywhere. 

noBTopHTb   see   noBTop^ib. 

noBTOp|flTb  [jjaftAr^at*'] 
imperf  -hkd,  -neuib,  noBTO- 
p|HTb  [paftAr^it^]  perf  -vd, 
-Hiiib,  p  -VLJi,  imp  -H  1.  re- 
peat; reiterate;  2.  review, 
recapitulate,  revise  (one's 
lessons,  etc). 

noBbicHTb  see  noBbimaxb, 

noBbiCHTbCfl  see  noBbimaTb- 

CH. 

noBbiiii|aTb  [pavishat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  noBbi- 
c|HTb  [pAWs^it^]  perf  noBb'i- 
my,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b 
1.  raise,  increase,  heighten; 
improve  (well-being,  skill, 
etc);  enhance  (responsibility, 
prestige,  etc);  2.  advance, 
promote  (smb). 

noBbiuj|aTbCfl  [pavtshattja] 
imperf  -aeiCH,  noBMc|HTbCsi 
[pAvts^ittja]  perf  -htch,  p 
-HJicH,  -Hjiacb  rise,  increase; 
improve  (of  smb's  mood, 
etc). 

noBflslKa  [pAv^aska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  bandage;  Ha;io»HTb  ~Ky 
bandage,     dress     (a   wound). 

noraAaxb  see  raAaxb  1. 

noracMTb  see  racHTb. 

norH(5|aTb  [pag^'ibat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  norH6H|yTb 
[pAg^ibnut'']  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  norH6,  noFHfijia,  imp  -h 
[cf  THdHyxb]  perish  (1)  die; 
2)  be  destroyed);  be  killed, 
lose     one's     life;     be    lost, 


—  st^  — 


nott 


sink  (of  a  ship);  crash  (of  an 
aircraft). 

norjiaAHTb  see  rjia^HTb. 

norjiOTHTb  see   norjiomaxb. 

norjioimaxb  [p3glAsh^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  norjio- 
T|HTb  [paglAt^it^]  perf  no- 
rjiomy,  norjioTHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  absorb,  take  up 
(also  fig);  oh  ~eH  CBoeft  pa- 
66toh  he  is  absorbed  in  his 
work;  oh  —en  co66h  he  is 
wrapped  up  in  himself. 

^o^JlJ^;^eTb  see  rjiH^eTb. 

noroBopuTb  see  roBopHXb  3. 

noroBoplKa  [pagAvorka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  saying,  saw;  bohth 
B  ~Ky  'become  proverbial. 

noroflja  [pAgoda]  /  -bi 
weather;  HejiexHan  -^-a  non- 
-flying  weather;  npornoa  ~bi 
weather  forecast;  ~a  paary- 
jiHJiacb  the  weather  has  clear- 
ed (up). 

noroHJfl  [pAgon^a]  /  -h  1. 
pursuit,  chase;    2.    pursuers. 

norpaHHHHHK  [pagrAU^ich^- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  frontier- 
-guard,  border-guard. 

norpaHHHH|biH  [pagrAn^'ich^- 
niy]  a  frontier  (attr),  border 
(attr);  ^aH  nojioca  border, 
borderland. 

n6rpe6  [pogr^ip,  -b]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  cellar. 

norpyHijaTb  [pagruzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  norpy- 
3|MTb  [pagruz^it^]  perf  no- 
rpyjKy,  norpysHiub  (-Hiiib), 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  dip  (into), 
submerge  (m/o);  plung-e  (into) 
(also  fig);  2.  load  (goods, 
etc);  embark;  entrain;  em- 
plane. 


norpyiK|aTbCfl  [pagruzha- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
norpy3(HTbCfl  [pagruz^i- 

ttja]  perf  norpy^ycb,  norpy- 

SHIUbCH     (-HIUbCH),     p     -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
plunge  (into),  sink  (into); 
submerge,  dive  (of  a  subma- 
rine); sink  (of  a  ship);  2. 
fig  be  absorbed  (in),  be  lost 
(in),  be  buried  (in),  be  plung- 
ed (in);  norpysHXbCH  b  coh 
go  to  sleep,  subside  into 
sleep;  ropoA  norpysHJiCH  e 
XHiiiHHy  quiet  descended 
on  the  town. 

norpysHxb  see  norpy^axb 
&  rpysHXb. 

norpysMxbCJi      see    norpy- 

HCaXbCH. 

nory6HXb  see  ry6HXb. 

noryjinxb  see  ryjiHXb. 

nofl  [pot;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  ^hi,  -d;  in 
the  second  and  other  pretonic 
positions  —  pat,  -d;  in  a 
stressed  position  —  pod] ,  noAo 
fpoda;  in  the  first  pretonic 
position  —  padA]  prep  I  with 
ace  denoting  1.  direction  of 
an  action  beneath  smth: 
jiesxb  --  cxoji  get  under  a 
table;  cecxb  — -  AepeBo  sit 
under  a  tree;  noA  ropy  down- 
hill; 2.  a  state,  position 
into  which  smb  or  smth  is 
placed,  put:  ox^axb  ~  cyA 
prosecute,  bring  to  trial;  ox- 
Aaxb  —  cxpa}Ky  give  into 
custody;  nonacxb  —  AO)KAb 
be  caught  in  the  rain;  no- 
nacxb  noA  Mbe-ji.  bjihrhhc  be 
under  smb's  influence;  3.  an 
event   or   state   very  near  to 


nos 


—  flO  ^ 


some  time,  the  eve   of  smth: 

—  HoBbiH  roA  on  New-Year's 
Eve;  —■  BCMep  towards  eve- 
ning; ~  npasAHHK  on  the 
eve  of  the  holiday;  eMy  —- 
HHTbAecHT  he  is  close  upon 
fifty;  4.  accompaniment:  -^ 
anJioAHCMeHTbi  to  /  amid  ap- 
plause; nexb  ■—  MysbiKy  sing 
to  music;  —  AHKTOBKy  from 
dictation;  5.  resemblance, 
imitation:  BbiKpacHTb  ^Bepb 
~  Ay6  paint  the  door  in 
imitation  of  oak;  my6a  — 
KOTHK  an  imitation  sealskin 
coat;  6.  purpose:  6yTbiJiKa  ~ 
MOJioKo  a  bottle  for  milk; 
II  with  instr  denoting  1.  po- 
sition beneath   smth:    cxo^xb 

—  AepeBOM  stand  under  a 
tree,  stand  beneath  a  tree; 
noAO  JibAOM  under  the  ice;  2. 
state,  condition:  paSoxaxb  — 
^bHM-ji.  pyKOBOAcxBOM  work 
under  smb's  guidance  /  lead- 
ership; 6bixb  ~  HaAsopoM 
be  under   surveillance;    6bixb 

—  BonpocoM  be  undecided; 
^  AOHCACM  in  the  rain;  3.  a 
place  near  which  smth  is 
situated  or  an  action  takes 
place:  jkhxb  ~-  Mockboh  live 
in  the  suburbs  of  Moscow; 
live  in  the  environs  of  Mos- 
cow; 6HXBa  ~-  BepjiHHOM  the 
battle  of  Berlin;  6bixb  ~  py- 
KOH  be  at  hand;  noA  6okom 
col  quite  near. 

nOA...,  noAo...  pref  I  of 
verbs  denoting  1.  upward  di- 
rection of  an  action:  noA- 
6p6cHib  fpAdbros^it^]  toss 
up;  noAnpbiTHyxb  [pAtprlg- 
put^J    jump    up;    noAoCpaxb 


[padAbrat^]  pick  up,  take 
up;  2.  approaching:  noA6e- 
jKaxb  [padb^i^zhat^]  run  up 
{to  smby,  3.  a  secret  actioni 
noACJiyuiHBaxb  [pAtslushl- 
V3t^  ]  eavesdrop;  noArjiHAbiBaxb 
[pAdgl^adivat^]  watch  fur- 
tively, spy  {on  smb);  4.  addi- 
tion: noAJiHBaxb  [padl^ivat''] 
pour  some  more,  add  {some 
liquid); 

II  of  nouns  and  adjectives 
denoting  1.  position  beneath 
smth:  noASCMejibe  fpadz^i'^- 
m'^el^ya]  cave  {beneath  the 
surface  of  the  ground);  noA- 
Komwuk  [pAtkozhniy]  hypo- 
dermic; 2.  being  in  smb's 
charge,  under  smb's  control, 
etc:  noALue(bHbiH  [pAtshefnty] 
aided,  assisted;  under  the 
patronage  {of);  noAonbixHbiH 
[pAdopitniy]  experimental; 
3.  a  rank  or  title  one  degree 
below  what  is  expressed  by 
the  stem:  noAnoJiKOBHHK 
[patpAlkovn^ik,  -g]  lieuten- 
ant colonel;  noAMacxepbe 
[padmAs^'t^er^ya]  apprentice. 
noAaleaxb  [padAvat^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -eiub,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Bafl,  noAJaTb  [pAdat^]  perf 
-aM,  -aiiib,  -acx,  -aAHM,  -a- 
AHxe,  -aAyx,  p  noAaJi,  -ajia, 
noAaJio,  noAaJiH,  imp  -afl  1. 
give,  hand  (over)  {with  the 
aim  of  helping  or  obliging 
smb);  -— Baxb  najibxo  KOMy-Ji. 
help  smb  on  with  his  [her] 
coat;  noAaxb  pyKy  KOMy-ji. 
offer  /  hold  out  one's  hand 
to  smb;  ohh  noAa^H  ApyP 
Apyry  pvKH  they  shook  hands; 
2.  serve  {^dinner ^  etc};  3,  drivs 


^  ftl  — 


up  to  the  door  {of  a  car, 
etc)',  4.:  ^BaTb  saHBJieHHe 
hand  in  an  application; 
^Baxb  >K5jio6y  lodge  /  make 
a  complaint;  — Baxb  e  cy;; 
go  to  law,  bring  an  action 
{'against  smb);  —  saTb  b  ot- 
CTasKy  resign,  hand  in  one's 
resignation;  5.:  no^axb  coBex 
give  advice;  He  —Baxb  npH- 
sHaKOB  ^H3HH  show  no  sign 
of  life;  He  — Baxb  BHAy  make 
no  sign,  remain  imperturb- 
able; 

<>  noAaib  3HaK  give  a  sign; 
pyKofi  noAaxb  col  ^  a 
stone's  throw  {from,  to). 

noAi^BHXb  see  noflaBjiHXb. 

noAaBlMXbcsi  [padAV^ittsa] 
perf  -jiibcb,  noAaBHuibCH,-  p 
'^jicn,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-6xecb  be  choked;  choke 
{with  a  bone,  etc). 

noflaBjieHHbiH  [pAdavl^m- 
ntyj  a  [pa]  depressed,  dis- 
pirited. 

noflaejilflTb  [psdAvPat^] 
imperf  -hk),  -^eiub,  noAa- 
B|HXb  [padAv'it^]  perf  -jik), 
noAaBHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  1. 
suppress,  put  down  {a  rebel- 
lion, etc);  restrain,  choke 
down,  stifle;  2.  overwhelm, 
crush;  depress,  dispirit. 

noAaBjiflK)ii^|HH  [psdAvPa- 
yush^:iy]  a  [pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He 
overwhelming,  overpowering. 

noAapHXb  see  AapHTb. 

noAaploK  [pAdarak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  present,  gift;  b  ^ok 
as  a  present. 

noAaxb  see  noAaBaxb. 

noA6Hp|axb  [padb^irdt^] 
imperl    -4k),     -aewb,    noAo- 


6p|axb  [p9dAbrat^]  perf  noA- 
6epy,  noA6epemb,  p  -aji,  -ajia, 
-ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  noA^epH  1. 
pick  up,  take  up;  2.  select, 
sort  out;  choose  smth  to 
match. 

noASop  [pAdbor]  m  -a  selec- 
tion {of  personnel,  etc); 
<>  (KaK)  Ha  --  choice  {attr). 

noA6op6A|oK  [p9dbAr6d9k, 
-g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  chin. 

noABaji  [pAdval]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  basement;  2.  cellar. 

noABepr|axb  [padv^i^rgat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeinb,  noABep- 
rH|yxb  [pAdv^ergnut^]  perf 
-y,  -euib,  p  noABepr  (-yji),  noA- 
BepFjia,  imp  -h  sutjject  {to 
torture,  etc);  expose  {to  dan- 
ger, etc);  —axb  comhckhk) 
call  in  question;  ~axb  Hcnw- 
xaHHKD  put  to  the  test. 

noABepr|axbC5i  [padv^'i^r- 
gattsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aemb- 
Cf[,  noABeprH|yxbCJi  [pAdv^er- 
gnuttsa]  perf  -ycb,  -euibCH, 
p  noABeprcH  (-yjicn),  noABep- 
FJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  be 
subject  {to),  undergo;  ~axbCH 
onacHOCXH  be  exposed  to  dan- 
ger; run  the  danger  {of 
smth). 

noABeprnyxb  see  noABep- 
raxb. 

noABeprHyxbCfl  see  noABep- 
raxbCH. 

noABecxH  see  noABOAi^xb. 

noABHr  [podv'ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  heroic  deed,  exploit,  featj 
coBepuiHXb  ^  perform  a  ha» 
roic  deed. 

noABHrjaxb  [padv^igat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noABH- 
H[yTb    [pAdv^inut^J  perf  -y, 


fio« 


SI2- 


-euib,  p  -yji,    imp    -b    move, 
move  aside,  move  up  (to). 

noABH^KHJOH  [padv^izhnoy] 
a  1.  mobile,  movable;  —an 
lUKajia  sliding  scale;  2,  agile, 
lively,  active; 

<>  —oft    cocTaB    r/i/  rolling- 
-stock. 

noflBHJKHJMH  [pAdv^izhniy] 
a  sh  f  noABHHceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  = 

nOABHJKHOH    2. 

noABHHyTb    see    noABHraxb. 

noflBOA|HTb  [padvAd^it^] 
imperf  nofleojKy,  noABOAHuib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  noABelcTM 
[padv^i^s^t^i]  perf  -Ay,  -Aeiiib, 
p  noABeji,  -Jia,  imp  -ah  1. 
lead  up  {to),  bring  (to);  2. 
col  let  (smb)  dov/n,  do  an  ill 
turn;  3.:  ~HTb  HT6r(H)  sum 
up  {also  fig); 

<>  ~HTb  SpoBH  pencil  one's 
eyebrows. 

noABOAHibiH  [pAdvodniyj  a 
submarine;  —biH  KaMeHb  reef 
{a  rock);  ~bie  pacTeHHH  subi 
merged  plants;  ~oe  leqeHHe 
undercurrent,  underset. 

noAroplaxb  [padgArat^]  im- 
perf -aei,  noAropjeTb  [pad- 
gAr^et^]  perf  -ht,  p  -eji  get 
a  little  burnt  /  scorched;  be 
a  little  burnt  /  scorched  {of 
food,  etc). 

noAroTaBJiHB|aTb  [padgA- 
tavPivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
noAroTOBlHTb  [padgAtov^'it^j 
perf  -JiK),  -Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-h  prepare,  make  ready;  train 
{personnel,  etc);  -~aTb  noMBy 
fig  pave  the  way  {for}-. 

noAroTaejiMBlaTbCJi  [pad- 
gAtavl'^ivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
•a^iWbca,        noAroTOBlHTbca 


[padgAtov^ittsa]    perf  -jirocb, 

-HUJbCH,    p    -HJICH,      imp    -bCH, 

-biecb  prepare,  get  ready. 
noAroTOBHTb  see   noAroxaB- 

JIHBaXb. 

noAroxoBHXbcsi    see   noAro- 

XaBJlHBaXbCH. 

noArox6BK|a  [padgAtofka]  / 
-H  1.  preparation,  preparing; 
training,  education  {of  per- 
sonnel, etc);  2.  schooling, 
grounding,  background,  pre- 
paration. 

noAAaHHlbift  [poddanniy]  m 
-oro,  -bix  subject    {a  citizen). 

noAAaHCXBJG  [poddanstva] 
n  -a  citizenship,  nationality; 
npHHHXb  ~o  become  /  be 
naturalized,  become  a  citi- 
zen. 

noAACJiaxb  see  noAAeJibisaxb. 

noAAejiJKa  [pAd^d^elka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  imitation,  forgery, 
falsification. 

noAAeJibiB|axb  [pAd^'d^'elt- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
noAAeJijaxb  [pAd^d^elat^]  perf 
-aio,  -aeiijb  counterfeit,  fal- 
sify;  forge,  fabricate. 

noAAepJKaxb  see  noAAepJKH- 
eaxb. 

noAAepiKHB|axb  [pAd^d^er- 
zhfvat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
noAAep)K|axb  [pad^d^i^rzhat^j 
perf  -y,  noAAepJKHuib,  p  -aji, 
imp  -H  1.  support,  hold  up, 
bear;  2.  support,  back  (up), 
second;  encourage  {support 
morally);  3.  maintain,  keep 
up  {a  correspondence,  conver-. 
sat  ion,  etc). 

noAA6p>KK|a  [pAd^'d^'ershka] 
/  -H  support,  backing;  sup- 
porting,  seconding;    encoyr- 


—  S1^  — 


B^A 


ageroent  (moral  support);  npn 
•^e...  with  the  support   of... 

noACHCTBOBaTb  see  achct- 
BOBaib  2. 

noflCJiHTb  see  jiemrh  1. 

noflejiMTbCJi  see  AeJiHTbCH  2. 

nofleujeBeTb  see   jXQUieBerh. 

nojimeHb  see   noA>KHraTb. 

nojimiiraTeji\b  [padzhtga- 
t^il-^]  m  -H,  -eft:  —h  BoftHbi 
warmongers,  instigators  of 
war. 

noAHCHrlaxb  [padzhigat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noAiKeHb 
[pAdzhech^]  perf  noAOJKpy, 
noAO>K>Kemb,  p  noA>Ker,  no;^o- 
jKFJia,  imp  noAOJKFH  set  fire 
to,  set  on  fire. 

noA3eMH|bifi  [pAdz^emniy] 
a  underground,  subterranean; 
--biH  xoA  underground  pas- 
sage; ~aH  >Ke;ie3HaH  AOpora 
the  underground,  tube;  VS 
subway;  —bift  nepexoA  sub- 
way (across  the  street). 

noAKjiaAlKa  [pAtklatlo]  / 
-KH,  -OK  lining  (of  a  coat, 
etc). 

noAKjiaAbiBJaTb  [pAtkladt- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noA- 
jio}K|HTb  [padlAzhtt^]  per/-y, 
noAJio^KHuib,  p  -HJi,    imp    -h 

1.  put  (under),    lay    (under); 

2.  add,  put  some  more. 
noAKOBJa    [pAtkovs]    /    -bi, 

^  (horse)shoe. 

noAKOBaxb  see  KOBaib  2. 

noAKpenjieHH|e  [patkr^i®- 
pPen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  mil  rein- 
forcement(s). 

noAKynjdxb  [patkupat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  noAKynJHTb 
[pstkup^it^]  perf  -jiib,  noAKy- 
nHiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  bribe; 


2.  fig  win  (over),  greatly 
touch  (smb). 

noAJiejKam  I  ee  [padl^'i^zha- 
sh^:iya]  n  -ero,  -hx  ling  sub- 
ject. 

^OAJle^  [pA.dPets,  -dz]  m 
-a,  -OB  blackguard,  scoun- 
drel, villain.  • 

noAJiHHHHK  [podPin^n^ikr 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  original  (of  a 
book,  etc). 

noAJiHHHbiH    [podl^inniy]  a 

1.  authentic,  genuine;  origi- 
nal (text,  etc);   2.   true,   real. 

noAJior  [pAdlok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  forgery  (an  act  of). 

noAJiOKHTb  see  noAKJiaAU- 
BaTb. 

noAJio^KHJbiH  [pAdlozhniy] 
a  sh  f  noA^oH^e-H,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
false,  counterfeit. 

noAJijbiH  [podliy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  mean,  base.  foul. 

noAMeHHTb  see    noAMeHHXb. 

noAMeHiflTb  [padm^i^n^at^] 
imperf  -hio,  -Heiub,  noAMe- 
HiHTb  [padm^i^n^it^]  per/  -k>, 
noAMeHHiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h  1. 
substitute  secretly,  substitute 
imperceptibly  (sm//2  for  smth); 

2.  substitute  (for  smb). 
noAMCCTM  see  noAMeiaTb. 
noAMexlaTb     [padm^i^tat^] 

imperf  -aio, -aeuib,  noAMe|cTH 
[padm^i^s^t^i]  perf  -ly,  -Teiiib, 
p  noAMeji,  -Jia,  imp  -th  sweep 
(the  floor,  etc);  ~aTb  b  kom- 
naxe  sweep  the  room. 

noAMex|Ka  [pAdm^otka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  (half-size)  sole  (of  a 
shoe); 

<>    B  --KH  HerOAHXCJI  KOMy-Jl. 

col  s  is  not  fit  to  hold  a 
candle  to  smb. 


noa 


-  814  - 


noAMbiuilKa  [pAdmlshka]  / 
•KH,  -CK  (in  oblique  cases 
spelt  separately)  arm-pit;  ne- 
CTH  noA  Mb'iLUKOH  Carry  under 
the  arm;  }Kafl>  noA  MbiiuKaMH 
be  rather  tight  in  the  arm- 
-pits  (of  clothes). 

noAHHM|aTb  [padn^'imat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noAHJHTb 
[pAdn^at^jper/  -HMy,  -HMemb, 
p  noAHHJi,  -Hjia,  noAHHjio, 
noAHHJiH,  imp  -HMH  1.  pick 
up,  take  up;  2.  raise,  lift; 
uplift  (eyes,  etc);  hoist  (a  flag, 
etc);  ~aTb  bopothhk  turn  up 
one's  collar;  ~aTb  miopbi 
draw  up  the  blinds;  3.  wake 
up,  rouse;  4.  raise,  increase; 
enhance  (prestige,  etc);  5.: 
'--axb  KpHK  /  myM  1)  raise  a 
clamour,  make  a  noise;  2)  fig 
col  raise  hue  and  cry;  ~aTb 
TpeBory  give  the  alarm,  raise 
an  alarm;  ~aTb  6yHT  start  a 
mutiny;  stir  up  rebellion; 
6.:  ~aTb  uejiHHy  plough  up 
virgin  soil; 

•<0>  ~aTb  Bcex  Ha  hofh  ^ 
raise  a  general  alarm;  noA- 
HHTb  opyjKHe  take  up  arms; 
'-aib  Ha  6opb6y  stir  to  ac- 
tion; ~aTb  Koro-Ji.  Ha  CMex 
make  a  laughing-stock  of 
smb;  — axb  Hbe-ji.  HacTpoe- 
HHC  cheer  up  smb. 

noAHHMJaTbc«  [padn^ima- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aembcn, 
noAH|^Tbcn  [pAdn^attja]  per/ 

-HMyCb,  -HMeUJbCH,  p  -HJICH 
(-HJICH),    -HJiaCb,  imp   -HMIiCb, 

-HMHtecb  1.  rise,  get  up, 
stand  up;  2.  rise,  increase, 
go  up;  3.  climb,  ascend;  rise 
^/  a  hill,  eicy,  4.    ri^  (u;t), 


revolt;  5.  begin,  start;  b  sa- 
roHe  noAHHjicH  uiyM  the  car- 
riage became  noisy; 
<>  y  Hero  pyna  He  ^-^ercji 
cACJiaib  3T0  he  can't  bring 
himself  to  do  it. 

noAHoc  [pAdnos,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  tray  (for  carrying  arti- 
cles) . 

noAHflTb  see  noAHHMaxfa. 

noAHHTbCfl  see  noAHHMaTb- 
ca. 

noAO  see  noA. 

noAO...  see  noA... 

noAoSHlbiH  [pAdobniy]  a  sH 
f  noA66eH,  -a,  -o,  -u  like, 
similar;  such  a  /  an,  such; 
OH  He  BHACJi  HHqero  -~oro  he 
hasn't  seen  anything  like  it; 
B  ~bix  cjiynanx  in  such 
cases;  in  similar  cases; 
<>  HHHero  ~oroI  nothing  of 
the  kind!;  h  Towy  ~oe  and 
the  like;  and  so  on,  and  so 
forth. 

noAoSpaxb    see    noA6HpaTb. 

noAo6py-no3AOp6By  [padA- 
brupdzdArovu]  adv  col  before 
it's  too  late,  while  it's  safe 
for  you. 

HOAorpeBlaTb  [padagr^i®- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noAO- 
rpjexb  [padAgr^'et'']  perf -eio, 
-eeiiib  warm  up  (food,  etc). 

noAO«A|axb  [padAzhdat^] 
perf  -y,  -emb,  p  -aji,  -ajia, 
-ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  -i5  1.  wait 
(a  little  for  smb,  etc); 
2.  col  wait  a  little  (witk 
smth). 

riOA03peBldxb  [padazr**!*- 
v^f"]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib  sus- 
pect (smb  of  smth,  that  smth 
has  happened,  etc). 


—  815  — 


■ox 


noflospdHHJe  [padAzr^e- 
n**iy8l  n  -h,  -ft  suspicion 
(1)  mistrust;  2)  a  vague  be- 
lief)'. Ha  --H  under  suspicion; 
no  ^K)  B...  on  suspicion  of... 

nOA03pHTejIbH|bIH  [p9dA- 

zr^it^iPniy]  a  sh  f  noAoapH- 
Tejien,  -a,  -o,  -li  1.  suspi- 
cious; suspicious-looking; 
shady  {person,  etc);  2.  sus- 
picious, mistrustful. 

noAOHTb  see  ji,OHTb. 

noAOHTH  see  uojxxomih. 

noAOKOHHHK  [p9dAk6n^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  window-sill. 

noAopBarb  see    noApbieaTb. 

noA6iiiB|a  [pAdoshva]  /  -bi, 
'-  1.  sole  {of  a  shoe,  foot, 
etc)',  2.  foot  {of  a  mountain). 

noAnHcaTb  see  noAUHCbi- 
saTb. 

noAnMcaTbCfl   see  noAOHCbi- 

BaTbCR. 

noAnHclna  [pAtp^iska]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  subscription  {to 
a  newspaper,  etc);  2.  written 
promise,  signed  statement, 
engagement. 

noAni«:HHK[pAtp^ish^:  ik,-gl 
m  -a,  -OB  subscriber  {to  a 
newspaper,  etc). 

noAnHCbiB|aTb  [pAtp^i'st- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
noAnHCJaxb  [patp^isat^]  perf 
noAnHiuy,  noAnHuieuib,  p  -aji, 
imp  noAnHUJH  1.  sign  {a  let- 
ter, etc);  2.  subscribe  {smb 
for  a  newspaper,  etc). 

noAnHCbiB|aTbC5i  [pAtp^isi- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  noAnHc|aTbC5i  [patp^isa- 
ttsa]  perf  noAUHiuycb,  noAUH- 
uieuibCH,  p  -ajiCH,  -ajiacb, 
imp     BOAnHiuucb,    no^QHuiii- 


Tecb  1.  sign  {one'snams);  2.  sub- 
scribe {for  a  newspaper^ 
etc). 

noAHHclb  [p6tp''is'*,  -z^]  / 
-H,  -eft  signature  {on  a  doo 
ument,  etc);  aa  —bio  HBa- 
HOBa  signed  by  Ivanov. 

noAnojiKOBHHK  [patpAlk6v- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  lieute- 
nant colonel. 

noAnojibHUH  [pAtpoPnly]  a 
underground  {organization, 
etc). 

noApajKiaTb  [padrAzhat**] 
imperf  -ajo,  -aeiiib  imitate, 
copy;  cjieno  —axb  KOMy-ji. 
slavishly  imitate  smb. 

noApaayMeBiaxb  [padrazu- 
m^i^vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemfa 
imply,  mean,  implicate. 

noApaTbCfl  see  ApaTbCH  1. 

noAp66HocTlb  [pAdrob- 

nas^t^,  -z.^d^]  /  -h.  pi  -h, 
-efl  detail  {of  an  account , 
adventure,  etc);  pi  also  par- 
ticulars. 

noApoSHJbiH  [pAdrobniy]  a 
sh  f  noApc56eH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
detailed,  minute. 

noAp6cT|oK  [pAdrostak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  teen-ager;  juve- 
nile; youth,  young  boy; 
young  girl. 

noApyrja  [pAdruga]  /  -h, 
~-  (female)  friend;  playmate 
{a  girl);  uiKOJibHan  ~a  school- 
-mate  {a  girl). 

noApy%|MTbcsi  [padruzhf- 
ttja]  perf  -ycb,  -iimbCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hiecb  make  friends  {with 
smb). 

noApbiBldrb  [padrivat^]  /m- 
perl  -aio,    -aeuib,   QOAopB|aTii 


nofl 


—  S16  — 


[p9dArvat^]  perf  -y,  -eiub, 
p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH, 
/mp  -H  1.  blow  up,  blast, 
explode,  sap;  2.  fig  under- 
mine, sap;  noAopBaTb  qbe-Ji. 
flOBepHe  K  KOMy-ji.  shake 
smb's  faith  in  smb. 

noAp«A  [pAdr^at,  -d]  adv 
running,  in  succession;  on  end. 

nojlCBeHHHK  [pAts'^v^esh- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  candle- 
stick, candleholder. 

noACKasarb  see  noACKasbi- 
BaTb. 

noflCKa3biB|aTb  [pAtskazi- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
noiicKalsaTb  [patskAzat^]  perf 
->Ky,  noACKajKeuib,  p  -aaji, 
imp  ->KH  prompt  {whisper, 
etc;  also  fig);  suggest  (a  prop- 
er decision,  etc);  ue  -~aTb! 
no  prompting! 

noAcjiyiuaTb  see  noACJiyuiH- 
BaTb. 

noACJiymHB|aTb  [pAtslushf- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  noA- 
cjiyiii|aTb  [pAtslushat^]  perf 
-aio,  -aeiiib  overhear;  imperf 
also  eavesdrop,  listen  (at  the 
keyhole,  etc). 

noAcMaTpHB|aTb  [pAtsmat- 
r^ivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
noACMOTp|eTb  [patsmAti^et^j 
perf  -lb,  noACMOTpHmb,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H  spy  {through  keyholes, 
etc). 

noACHe}KHHK  [pAts^n^ezh- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  hot  snow- 
drop. 

noAc66HbiH  [pAtsobnty]  a 
subsidiary,  auxiliary. 

noAcojiHeHHHK  [pAtsoln^i- 
ch'^n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  sun- 
flower. 


noACTaB|Ka  [pAtstafka]  / 
-KH,  -ok  support,  prop,  rest, 
pedestal. 

noACTeperjaTb  [pats^t^ir^i^- 
gat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
noACTepjeHb  [pats^t'^i^r^ech^j 
perf  -ery,  -ememb,  p  -er, 
-erjia,  imp  -erH  lie  in  wait 
{for  smb),  be  on  the  watch 
(for  smb);  perf  also  catch, 
seize. 

noACTpCKlaTb  [patstr^i^- 
kat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
noACTpeKH|yTb  [patstr^i^k- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -emb,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  incite,  instigate, 
set  on;  2.  excite  {smb's  curi- 
osity; etc). 

noAcyAMMlbiH  [patsud^i- 
miy]  m  -oro,  -bix  defendant, 
the  accused;  prisoner  at  the 
bar. 

noACHCT  [pAtsh^:6t,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  calculation  {to  find 
a  result);  ~  fojiocob  poll, 
counting  of  votes. 

noATBepAHTb  see  noATBep- 
>KAaTb. 

noATBepJKAJaTb  [patt^v^i^r- 
zhdat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
noATBcpAlHTb  [patt^v^i^r- 
dh't^]  perf  noATBep>Ky,  -HUib, 
p  -Hji,  imp  -H  confirm,  cor- 
roborate; reaffirm;  ~aTb 
nojiyHeHHe  Mero-ji.  acknow- 
ledge the  receipt  of  smth. 


noATBepjKAeHHje 


[pat- 


f'v^i^rzhd^en^iya]  n  -h, 
confirmation,  corroboration; 
~e  noJiyqeHHH  Mero-ji.  ac- 
knowledgement of  the  receipt 
of  smth. 

noATflwlKH     [pAt^t^'ashk^iJ 
pi  -eK  braces,  suspenders. 


-  8ft- 


HM 


noA^M|aTb  [pAdumdi^]  per f 
-aw,  -aeiufa  1.  see  AyMaTb  1; 
2.  think  (a  little),  think  (for 
a  while); 

-<>  '-axb  /  ~afi(Te)  rdjiBKo! 
col  just  fancy!;  well!;  h  hc 
—aio!  col  I  wouldn't  think 
of  doing  such  a  thing! 

noflyxb  see  AYTb. 

noflyui|Ka  [pAdushka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  pillow  (^0  s/eep  0/1);  cush- 
ion. 

noAXOA  [pAtkh6t,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  approach  {the  act  or 
place  of)\  mil  approach  march; 
2.  method  of  approach,  ap- 
proach; point  of  view. 

noflxolflHTb  [patkhAdMt^] 
imperf  -w.y,  noAXOAHuib,  p 
-mR,  imp  -AH,  noAOH|TH 
[padAyt^i]  perf  -Ay,  -Aeiub,  p 
noAomeji,  noAomjia,  imp  -ah 
1.  come  up  {to),  go  up  {to), 
approach;  pull  in,  come  in 
{of  a  train);  2.  draw  near(er) 
{of  time,  etc);  3.  approach, 
consider,  treat  {from  a  cer- 
tain point  of  view);  4.  do 
{for);  suit  {1)  the  occasion, 
etc;  2)  smb). 

noAXOAHii])|HH  [patkhAd^'a- 
sh^:iy]  a  [pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He 
suitable,  proper,  appropriate; 
~HH  MOMCHT  the  right  mo- 
ment. 

noAHepKHBJaTb  [pAtchMr- 
k^ivat']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
noAHepKHlyxb  [patch^i*^rk- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  underline,  score 
under;  2.  fig  emphasize,  lay 
stress  on,  underline. 

noAHHHeH|HbiH  [patch^in^o- 
nniy]  [pa]  I  a  sh  f  -,  no;^- 


HHHeni,  noA'4[HHeH6,  hoa^h- 
HCHM  subordinate  {position, 
etc); 

H  as  a  noun  noA^HHCH- 
HJbiH  m  -oro,-  -wx  subordi- 
nate. 

nOAHHHHTb    see     nOA^HHHTb. 

noAHHHHTbCH     sce    noAHH- 

HHTbCH. 

noAHHH|HTb  [patch^in^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  noAHH- 
H|HTb  [patch^inMt'l  perf -k>, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  subor- 
dinate. 

noAHHHlHTbCJi  [patch^in^a- 
ttja]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -neuib- 
CH,  noAHHHJHTbCfl  [patch^i- 
nMttsa]  perf  -locb,  -HiubCH, 
p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  submit  oneself  {to), 
submit  {to);  obey  {an  order, 
etc). 

noA'besA  [pAdyest,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  entrance,  porch. 

noA'besjKJaTb  [padyi^- 

zh'':at'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
noATjexlaxb  [pAdyekhat^j  perf 
noAT^eAy,  noA'beAemb,  p  -aji 
drive  up  {to),  ride  up  {to); 
approach,  near  {in  a  vehicle). 

noATieM  [pAdyom]  m  -a, 
•OB  1.  lifting;  hoisting  {of  a 
flag,  etc);  2.  ascent  {of  a 
mountain);  3.  rise,  slope 
upgrade;  4.  upsurge,  upheav- 
al; progress,  advance,  rise; 
raising  {of  the  cultural,  etc, 
level);  5.  enthusiasm,  anima- 
tion; 

<>  jieroK  Ha  ~  col  light  on 
one's  feet. 

noA'bexaTb  see  noA'beajKaTb. 

noeAHHJOK  [payi^dMnak,  -g] 

tn  -K3,  -Kop  duel, 


!•• 


818 


^6e3;^  [poyast,  -zd]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -Of;  rly  train;  Kypbep- 
CKHft  '^  jxpress  (train);  to- 
BapHbiH  —  goods  train;  US 
freight  train. 

noe3AlKa  [pAyestka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  trip,  journey,  tour. 

noexjaTb  [pAyel<li3t^]  perf 
noeAy,  noe;ieiiib,  p  -aji,  imp 
noesjKaft  go  (by  vehicle  in  a 
certain  direction,  etc);  come 
{by  vehicle  towards  the  speak- 
er, etc);  start  {[or  some 
place  by  vehicle);  -~aTb  co 
cjie^yiomHM  aBiodycoM  tal<e 
the  next  bus;  ~ajiH!  col 
come  along!,  let's  start! 

noxcajieTb  see  JKajiexb, 

noKajioBaTbcsi    see    TKajio- 

BaXbCH. 

nomajiyH  [pAzhaluy]  parenth 
perhaps,  very  likely;  I 
think...;  would  rather;  had 
better. 

nowajiyficTa  [pAzhali^sts] 
part  used  1.  in  polite  requests, 
etc  please;  2.  with  a  polite 
consent  certainly;  with  pleas- 
ure; 3.  in  an  answer  to  an 
expression  of  gratitude  don't 
mention  it;  not  at  all;  you're 
welcome;  4.  in  giving  way  to 
smb  you  first; 

-<>  CKa}KH(Te)      —I     col   just 
fancy!,  I  say! 

nojKap  [pAzhar]  m  -a,  -ob 
fire,  conflagration. 

no%apH|biH  [pAzharniy]  I 
0  fire-  {attr);  ^aa  KOMaHAa 
fire-brigade; 

II  as  a  noun    noxcipH|biH 
m  -oro,  -bix  fireman. 

noJKaTb  see  no>KHMaTb. 

iio«ejiauu|e  [pdzhi^lan^iyal 


n  -H,  -ft  wish,  desire;  HaH- 
jiymuHe  ~h  best  wishes. 

nowejiarb  see  jKejiaxb. 

noHcepTBOBaTb  see  HcepTBO- 
saxb. 

nojKHBlaTb  [p9zhivat^I 

imperf  -aio,  -aeiub:  KaK  bm 
~aexe?  how  are  you?,  how 
are  you  getting  on? 

no%H3HeHHbiH  [pAzhfz^n^i- 
niy]  a  for  life,  life  {attr). 

no»(Hji]6H  [pazhHoy]  a  el- 
derly; B  -~6m  Bospacxe  eld- 
erly. 

noMHMlaxb  [pazhimat'*] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  no»|aTb 
[pAzhat'']  perf  -My,  -Meuib.p 
-aji,  imp  -MH  press  {for  a 
while);  nojKaxb  pyKy  KOMy-ji. 
shake  smb's  hand; 
<>  — ^axb  njienaMH  shrug  one's 
shoulders. 

noBaSoTHXbcsi      see     3a66- 

XHXbCH. 

no3aBHAOBaTb  see  saBH^o- 
Baxb. 

no3aBTpaKaTb  see  saBxpa- 
Kaxb. 

no3aBMepa  [pazafch^i^ra] 
adv  the  day  before  yester- 
day. 

no3aAH  [pazAd^'i]  adv  8c 
prep  with  gen  behind  {at  the 
back  of). 

no3aHMCTBOBaxb    see  saliM- 

CXBOBaXb. 

no3anp6uijibiH  [pazAprosh- 
Uy]  a  before  last;  ^  roA  th» 
year  before  last. 

no3Bdxb  see  ssaxb  1,  2. 

n03B0JieHH|e  [p9ZVAl^4- 

n^iya]  n  -h  permission;  c  sd- 
mero  ~h  with  your  permis- 
sioa,  by  your  leavo. 


—  819  — 


noft 


nosBOJiHTb  see  nosBOji^Tb  1. 

n03B0Jl|flTb  [p9ZVAl^at''] 

Imperf  -hio,  -Heiiib,  nosBo- 
flJHTb  [pAzvol^it^]  perf  -lo, 
-Hiiib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -fc  1,  allow, 
permit;  2.:  —bxe  mhc  allow 
me,  let  me  {do  smth); 
<>  --flTb  ce6e  1)  permit  one- 
self; venture  (a  remark,  etc)] 
2):  OH  He  MOMceT  no^^BOJiHTb 
ce6e  KynHTb  sto  he  can't 
afford  to  buy  it;  —flxb  ce6e 
cjiHiuKOM  MHoro  take  liber- 
ties. 

n03B0HHTb    See   3B0HHTb. 

nosBOHOHHHK  [pazvAnoch^- 
n^'ik,  -g]  m  -a.  -ob  anat 
backbone,  spine. 

nosAHJHH  [poz^n^iy]  a  late 
(1)  autumn,  dinner,  etc;  2) 
guest,  etc);  ao  -—eft  Ho^Htill 
late  at  night. 

nosAHO  [pozna]  I  adv  late 
(1)  after  the  time  expected; 
2)  at  or  up  to  an  advanced 
hour); 

II  impers  predic  it's  late; 
it's  too  late. 

nosAopOBaTbcsi    see    SAOpo- 

BaTbCH* 

nosApaBHTb    see    nos^paB- 

JIHTb. 

no3ApaBji(,flTb  [pazdrAv- 
l^'at^]  imperf  -hk),  -Heuib, 
no3ApaBlHTb  [pAzdrav^it^i 
perf  -jiio,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-h  congratulate;  greet  {smb 
on  the  occasion  of);  ~HTb 
Koro-ji.  c  HoBbiM  roAOM  wish 
smb    a    happy    New    Year; 

'-aiO     BaC     C   AHCM    p0>KAeHHH 

[c  npasAHHKOM]  (I  wish  you) 
many  happy  returns  of  the 
day. 


n63«e     [p6zh^:i]    comp    o/ 
nosAHHH  &  corresp  adv. 
no3HaK6MHTb     see     SHaK6- 

MHTb. 

no3HaK6MHTbCfl    see  3HaK6< 

MHTbCH. 

nosop  [pAz6r]  m  -a  shame, 
disgrace,  infamy. 

no36pH|biH  [pAzorniy]  a 
sh  f  nosopen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
shameful,  disgraceful; 

<>      npHrBOSAMTb        K      ~OMy 

CT0Ji6y  put  in  the  pillory. 

noHCKlH  [poisk^i]  pi  -ob 
search  (for  smth). 

noH|Tb  [pAit^]  imperf  noK>, 
-uib  (noHuib),  p  -ji,  imp  ~, 
HajnoHTb  [napAit^]  perf  give 
to  drink;  water  {animals); 
HanoHTb  HaeM  treat  to  tea, 
give  some  tea. 

noH  [poy]  see  nexb. 

noHMaTb  see  jioBjixb. 

noHMH  [pAym^i]  imp  of 
noHHTb;  see  noHHMaxb. 

noHMy  [pAymu],  noHMeuib 
[pAymMsh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  noHHXb;  see  dohh- 
Maxb. 

nofllxM  [pAyt^i]  perf  -Ay, 
-Aeaib,  p  nomeji,  nomjia,  imp 
-AH  1.  go  {on  foot  in  a  cer- 
tain direction,  etc);  come  {on 
foot  towards  the  speaker,  etc); 
start  (for  some  place  on  foot); 

2.  start,  leave  (o/  a  bus,  etc); 

3.  enter  {school,' etc);  join  {the 
army,  etc);  4.  be  required 
{for),  be  used  {in);  na  ko 
CXK)M  nouiAO  xpH  Mcxpa  Maxe 
pHH  three  metres  of  material 
were  used  in  making  the  suit 
5.   begin  {to  rain,  etc); 

<>  noiueji!  col  off  with  you! 


noK 


—  820  — 


nouieji  boh!  col  clear  out!, 
begone!;  ecjiH  y*  Ha  to  no- 
uiJio  col  for  that  matter,  as 
far  as  that  goes;  He  noHAer! 
col  that  won't  do!,  that  won't 
work! 

noKa  [pAka]  I  adv  so  far;  for 
the  present,  for  the  time  be- 
ing; for  a  while;  —  Bce  that's 
all  for  the  time  being; 
II  cj  1.  while  (as  long  as); 
2.  till;  —  He  until; 
<>  —  HTo  co/ in  the  meantime, 
in  the  meanwhile;  (ny)  ~! 
col  bye-bye!,  so  long! 

noKa3aHH|e  [pakAzan^iya] 
n  -H,  -ft  1.  evidence,  testi- 
mony; 2.  reading  {of  a  meter, 
etc);  CHHMaTb  ~h  CMemHKa 
[npH66pa]  read  an  electricity 
[gas]  meter  [a  gauge]. 

noKasarejibHlbiH  [pakAza- 
t^iPnty]  a  sh  /noKaaarejieH, 
-a.  -o,  -bi  1.  significant,  sig- 
nificative; 3T0  BecbMa  ~o 
this  is  very  significant;  2. 
model  {attr),  exemplary;  3. 
demonstrative,  demonstration 
(attr);  ~bifl  cyjx  show-trial. 

noKasaTb    see   noKasbiBaxb, 

noKasaTbcsi  seenoKasbieaTb- 
CH  &  KaaaibCH  I   1,  2. 

noKasHoA  [pakAznoy]  a  os- 
tentatious, for  show. 

noKa3biB|aTb  [pAkazivat^] 
imperf  aio,  -aeujb,  noKalsarb 
[pskAzat^]  perf  ->Ky,  noKa- 
JKeiub,  p  -3aji,  imp  ->kh  1. 
show  (/)  bring  before  the 
sight;  2)  point  out,  indicate; 3) 
exhibit,  demonstrate);  2,  point 
(at,  to);  noKasaib  pyKOH  na... 
motion  to...;  8,display  {cour- 
age, etc);    4.  show,  register, 


read  (of  a  meter,  etc);  5.  law 
give  evidence,  testify;  bear 
witness,  swear; 
<>noKa3aTb  ce6«  1)  prove  one- 
self to  be  (a  good  worker, 
etc);  2)  prove  one's  worth;  (h) 
BHAy  He  noKasaib  show  no 
sign. 

noKasbiBJaTbCfl  [pAkazlva- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aembCH, 
noKa3laTbCJi  [pakAzattja]  perf 
noKa}Kycb,  noKmembCH,  p 
-ajicH,  -ajiacb,  imp  noKaH<HCb, 
noKamHTecb  1.  show  oneself; 
come  in  sight;  2.  appear, 
turn  up;  oh  AaBHone  ~aeTCH 
he  hasn't  come  for  a  long 
time,  we  haven't  seen  him 
for  a  long  time;  3.:  ^aTbCH 
epaqy  see  a  doctor. 

noKapaTb  see  Kaparb. 

noKaTHTb  see  KaiiiTb. 

noKaTHTbCM    see   KaTHTbCH. 

noKHAlaxb  [pak^idat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  noKHHJyTb 
[pAk^inut^]  perf  -y,  -eujb, 
p  -yji,  /mp -b  leave  {a  place); 
abandon,  forsake,  desert. 

noKjiajiHCT|biH  [pAklad^i- 
stiy]  a  sh  f  '-,  -a,  -o,  -u  le- 
nient, easy,  forbearing,  com- 
plaisant. 

noKjioH  [pAklon]  m  -a,  -oe 
1.  bow  {a  greeting);  oTsexHTb 
Ha  qefl-Ji.  —  return  smb's 
bow;  2.:  nepeitaib  KOMy-ji. 
~  give  smb  one's  love/  com- 
pliments /  best  regards. 

nOKJiOHHTbCSI  SeeKJiaHHTbCH. 

noKjioHHHK  [pAklon^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  admirer, 

noKji^CTbcn    see   KJiHCTbCH. 

noK6|H  [pAkoy]  m  -h  rest, 
peace; 


—  321  — 


noji 


<>  npHCMHbiH  —H  reception- 
-room  {in  a  hospital);  yfiiH 
Ha  — H  retire. 

noKOHHHK  [pAkoyn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  the  deceased. 

noKOjieHHJe  [pakAPen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  generation  {people); 
<>  H3  ~ji  B  ~e  from  gene- 
ration to  generation. 

noKOHHlMTb  [pAkon^ch^it^] 
perf  -y,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  finish  {with),  be  through 
{with),  have  done  {with);  do 
away  {with),  put  an  end  {to); 
<>  —  HTfa  c  co66h  commit 
suicide. 

noKopHTb  see  noKopHXb. 

nOKOpMHTb    see     KOpMHIb    1. 

noKopHlbiH  [pAkorniy]  a  sh 
f  noKopcH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  obedi- 
ent, submissive;  resigned  Ito 
one's  fat§i  etc.) 

noKOpjsiTb  [pakAr^at^]  im- 
perf  -HK),  -Hemb,  noKO- 
p|HTb  [pakAr^it^]  perf  -ib, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  sub- 
jugate, subdue  {also  fig); 
2.  fig  win  smb's  heart,  fasci- 
nate, charm,  captivate. 

noKpacHTb  see    KpacHXb   1. 

noKpacHCTb  see  KpacHexb  1. 

noKpoBHTejibCTB|oBaTb  [pa- 
krAv^it^il^styvat^]  imperf 
-yio,  -yeuib,  p  -osaji,  imp 
-yft  patronize,  protect. 

noKpbiBaji|o  [pakrivala]  n 
-a,  —  bed-spread,  counter- 
panei'  veil  {to  protect  or  hide); 
shawl. 

noKpbiB|aTb  [pakrivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noKp|biTb 
[pAkrlt^]  perf  -oio,  -oemb,  p 
-biJi,  imp  -OH  1.  cover  (/)  with 
a  blanket,    etc;    2)    of  snow, 


etc);  roof;  paint  {with),  coat 
{with);  2.  cover  (a  certain 
distance);    3.    pay  off,   meet. 

noKpbiuilKa  [pAkrtshka]  / 
-KH,  -eK  tyre  {on  a  wheel). 

noKynaTeji|b  [pakupat^il^] 
m  -H,  -en  customer,  client 
{at  a  shop);  buyer,  pur- 
chaser. 

noKynjaTb  [pakupat^]  im- 
perf -aio.-aemb,  Kyn|HTb  [ku- 
p^it^]  perf  -JiK),  KynHuib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H    buy,    purchase. 

noKyn|Ka  [pAkupka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  buying,  purchasing, 
purchase;  2.  purchase  (a  thing 
bought);  AeJiaib  —  kh  do 
shopping. 

noKyuieHH|e  [pakushen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  attempt  {on  smb's 
life);  2.  encroachment  {upon), 
infringement  {upon). 

qoji  I  [pol]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-hi,  -OB  floor  {of  a  room). 

noji  II  [pol]  m  -a,  pi  -u, 
-OB  biol  sex; 

<>  npeKpacHbiH  ~  the  fair 
sex;  cjiaSbiH  '-  the  weaker 
sex. 

noji...,  noji-...  first  element 
of  compounds  denoting 'haW: 
nojinaca  [palch^i^sa]  half  an 
hour;  nojiAepeBHH  [pald^i^- 
r^evn^i]  half  the  village; 
noJi-oSopoxa  [polAbArota] 

half-turn;  nojiBioporo  [pal- 
ftArova]  half  past  one. 

nojiarjaTb  [palAgat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiub  think,  be- 
lieve, suppose,  consider;  a 
-^aK),  MTO...  I  think  /  suppose 
that...; 

<>  Haflo  —axb  it  is  to  be 
supposed  /  believed. 


noji 


—  322  — 


nojiarjaTbCfl  I  [pslAgattsa] 
imperf  -aeicH:  sAecb  KypHTb 
He  ~aeTC5i  one    is   not    sup- 

fiosed  to  smoke  here;  no  smok- 
nghere;  KaK  ~aeTCH  1)  prop- 
erly, in  a  proper  manner; 
2)  as  required  {by)\  sa  bxoa 
~aeTCH  njiaxa  admission  re- 
quires payment;  eMy  ~aeTCH 
DHTb  py6jieH  five  roubles  is 
due  to  him,  he  is  to  have 
five  roubles. 

nojiar|aTbCJi  II  [paUgattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  no- 
;io}K|HTbC5i  [p9lAzhlttj9]  perf 
-ycb,  nojiojKHiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  rely 
{upon);  pin  one's  hopes (wpon). 

nojiAeHb  [pold^m^]  m  no- 
jiyAHH  (noJiAHH)  noon,  mid- 
day; nocjie  nojiyAHH  in  the 
afternoon. 

nojije  [p61^9]  n  -h,  pi  -h, 
-eft  1.  field  {also  fig);  mn- 
poKoe  ~e  AeHTeJibHocTH  wide 
sphere  of  action;  2.  {mostly 
pi)  margin  (of  a  book,  etc); 
3.  pi  brim  {of  a  hat);  4.  phys 
field;  ^ 

^  OAMH  B  ~e  He  BOHH  prov 
^  the  voice  of  one  man  is 
the  voice  of  no  one. 

nojie3H|biH  [pAl^ezniy]  a 
sh  f  nojieseH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  use- 
ful, helpful;  healthy,  whole- 
some; ~aH  Harpy3Ka  technol 
pay(ing)  load. 

nojieHJo  [pApena]  n  -a,  pi 
-bH,  -bee  log,  billet. 

nojier  [pAl^'ot,    -d]    m    -a, 
-OB  flight  {also  fig); 
•()>  c  (BbicoTbi)  nTMHbero    ~a 
from  a  bird's-eye  view. 

a6ji3\siTb    [polzat^l    imperf  \ 


-aio,  -aeuib  [cf  nojiairi  1] 
crawl,  creep. 

noji3|TH  [pAls^t^i]  imperf 
-y,  -euib,  p  — ,  -jia,  imp  -h, 
nojnojiSTH  [papAls^t^i]  perf 
a  concrete  movement  in  a 
definite  direction  —  1  [cf  noji- 
saTb]  1.  crawl,  creep;  2.  fig 
col  crawl  along,  creep  along 
{of  a  car,  etc);  3.  fig  col 
spread  {of  rumours). 

nojiMBJarb  [pal^ivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  nojijurb 
[pAl^It^]  perf  -bK),  -beuib,  p 
nojiHJi  (-HJi),  -HJia,  n6jiH.ao 
(-HJio),  nojiHJiH  (-hjih),  imp 
-eft  water  {flowers,  etc);  pour 
{some  water,  etc)  upon. 

nojiMHMTb  see  JiHHHib  1. 

nojiMTHK|a  [pAl^'it^ika]  / 
-H  policy  {a  course  of  action); 
politics;  BHyxpeHHHH  ~a 
home  /  internal  policy;  Bneiii- 
HHH  ~a  foreign  policy. 

noiHTHHecKlHH  .  [pal^it^i- 
ch'^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
political. 

nojiMTb  see  nojiHBaTb. 

nOJlMT3KOH6MH|fl  [pAPlt- 

ekAnom^iya]  /  -h  political 
economy. 

nojiK  [polk,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
w.il  regiment. 

n6ji|Ka  [polka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
1.  shelf  (/or  things);  KHH>KHaa 
~Ka  bookshelf;  2.  rly  berth. 

nojiKOBHHK  [pAlkovn^'ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  colonel. 

nojiHOMOHHie  [palnAmo- 
ch^iya]  n  -h,  -h  power,  au- 
thority {to  do  smth);  cpoK 
~H  term  of  office;  nepCAaxb 
CBOH  ~H  KOMy-ji.  resign 
one's  commission  to  smb. 


323  — 


noji 


nojiHOCTLK)      [p61n9s^t^yu] 
odv  completely,    wholly,    in 
full; 
^  i;ejiHK6M  H  —  entirely. 

n6jiH04|b  [polnach^,  -j^]  / 
-H  (nojiyHOMH)  midnight;  b 
--b  at  midnight;  ji,<iJieK6  sa 
'-b  in  the  small  hours. 

nojiHlbiH  [polniy]  a  sh  f 
nojiOH,  -a,  -o  (-6),  -bi  (-h) 
]«  full  {backet,  etc);  packed 
(hall,  etc);  2.  complete,  total; 
B  — OM  cocxase  in  a  body, 
in  full  strength  {of  a  group 
of  people);  3.  absolute  {rest, 
etc);  perfect  {security,  etc); 
full,  complete  {independence, 
etc);  4.  stout  {person);  plump 
{child,  etc);  5.:  na  ~om  xoAy 
at  full  speed;  b  -—cm  pac- 
UBexe  cHji  in  the  prime  of 
one's  life;  b  -~oh  Mepe  fully, 
in  full  measure; 

•0  y  HHX    flOM asi    qauia 

e  they  live  in  plenty., 

nojioBHH|a  [palAv^ina]  / 
-bi  half;  ~a  qeiBepToro  half 
past  three. 

noji6r|HH  [pAlog^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He  gentle,  gradual, 
gently  sloping. 

nojio}KeHH|e  [palAzhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  position,  location; 
reorpa(|)HqecKoe  ~e  geograph- 
ical situation;  2.  attitude, 
position,  posture;  3.  condi- 
tion, state;  situation,  posi- 
tion; standing,  status;  6€j\- 
CTBeHHoe  ~e  distress;  KaKOBo 
'-e  AGJi?  how  do  matters 
stand?;  4.  point,  thesis;  tenet; 
clause,  provision  {of  a  trea- 
ty, etc);  5.  regulations,  statute 
{of  elections,  etc); 


-<>  oHa  B  —H  she  is  in  tha 
family  way;  Ha  ebicoxe  —a 
up  to  the  mark;  Bbixo;i  h3 
~5i  a  way  out;  no  —lo  1)  ac- 
cording to  the  regulations; 
2)  in  accordance  with  smb's 
[one's]  position. 

nojio}KHTejibH|biH  [palAzhf- 
t^il^nly]  a'sh  f  nojioH^HTejien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  favourable  {es- 
timate, reply,  etc);  affirma- 
tive {answer,  etc);  2.  positive 
{character,  results,  etc); 
3.  phys  positive; 
<>  -^aa  creneHb  cpaBHeHua 
ling  positive  degree. 

nojiojKHTb  see  KJiacib. 

nojioKHTbCfl  see  nojiaraxL- 
CJI   II. 

nojioMaTbcsi  see    JioMaxbCH. 

nojioc|a  [paJAsa]  /  -b'l,  ace 
-y  (nojiocy),  pi  nojiocu,  no- 
jioc,  -aM  1,  stripe;  strap, 
band;  2.  zone,  region,  belt; 
3.   period,  spell. 

nojiocaT|uH  [palAsatiy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  strip- 
ed. 

nojiocK|aTb  [palAskat^]  im- 
perf  nojiomy,  nojiomeuib,  p 
-aji,  imp  nojioinH  1.  rinse; 
2.  gargle. 

nojioTeHli^e  [paUt'entsa]  n 
-ua,-eu  towel;  nocyAHoe  —ue 
dish-cloth, 

nojiOTH|6  [palAtno]  n  -a, 
pi  nojioTHa,  nojioxeH,  nojiox- 
HaM  1.  linen  {cloth  made  of 
flax);  2.  rly  permanent  way, 
railway  bed;  3.  canvas  {paint- 
ing). 

nojixopa  [paltAra]  nam  card 
m  &  n  nojiyxopa,  nojixopbi 
[paltAriJ  /  nojiyxopa  one  and 


noji 


324  — 


a  half;  one...  and  a  half, 
a..:   and  a  half. 

nojiTOpacxa  [paltArasta] 
nam  card  nojiyTopacxa  one 
hundred  and  fifty. 

nojiy...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting  1.  'half: 
nojiyKpyr  [palukruk,  -g]  sem- 
icircle; nojiyofiopoT  [poUi- 
AbArot,  -d]  half-turn;  2. 
'partially',  'not  completely': 
nOviyrpaMOTHbiH  [palugra- 
matniy]  semi-literate;  no;iy- 
jie>KaTb  [palul^i^zhat*']  re- 
cline (lean);  3.  'half-mixed 
with  smth':  noJiyiiiepCTb  [p^- 
lushers^t^,  -z^d^]  wool  mix- 
ture, not  all  wool. 

nojiyroAHle  [palugod^'iya]  n 
-H,  -H  half-year,  six  months. 

nojiyocTpOB  [paluostraf, 
-v]  m  -a,  pi  -a,  -6b  penin- 
sula. 

nojiynpoBOflHHK  [polupra- 
VAd^n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b  phys 
semiconductor. 

nojiyH|aTb  [paluch^'at^]  //n*. 
perf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  nojiyH|MTb 
[paluch^'it'']  perf  -y,  no.ny- 
MHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  get, 
receive  (1)  presents,  orders, 
etc;  2)  an  education,  etc); 
obtain;  acquire  (a  s/e///);  take 
in  (a  newspaper,  etc);  ~HTb 
BbiroBop  [saMenaHHe]  be  rep- 
rimanded; —-aTb  yjioBOJibCT- 
BHe  derive  pleasure;  —riib 
M3BecTH0CTb  become  known; 
become  famous;  ~HTb  orjiac- 
Ky  become  known;  be  given 
publicity. 

nojiyHJaTbCH  [paluch''atts9] 
imperf  -aexcH,  nojiyHJHTbCfl 
[paluch'^ittsaj  perf    nojiymii- 


CH,  p  -HJiCH,  -lijiacb  turn  out, 
be;  pHcyHOK  —hjich  xopo- 
uiHM  the  drawing  is  good  / 
turned  out  to  be  good;  H3 
SToro  HHqero  He  ~aeTcji 
nothing  comes  of  it. 

nojiyHHTb  see  nojiynaxb. 

nojiyHHTbCfl  see    nojiyqaiL- 

CH. 

nojiy4|Ka  [pAluch^ka]  / 
-KH,  -eK  col  1.  pay  {salary, 
wag^s);  2.  payment  (of  waget, 
salary);  pay-day;  b  -~Ky  on 
pay-day;  after  pay-day. 

nojiyiuapHle  [palushar^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  hemisphere. 

nojibsja  [pol^'za]  /  -bi  use 
(of  doing  smth);  benefit  (ad- 
vantage, good);  npHHocHTb 
~y  do  good,  be  of  use,  be 
of  benefit; 

<>  B  — y  in  favour  (of),  in 
behalf  (of),  for;  axo  He  roBO- 
pHx  B  ero  ~y  it  does  not  do 
him  credit. 

n6jib3|oBaxbCJi  [p6l^zava- 
ttsD]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yembCH, 
p  -oBajicH,  -oBajiacb,  imp 
-yHCH,  -yiixecb,  Bocinojibso- 
BaxbCJi  [vAspol^'zavattsa] 

perf  1.  use,  make  use  (of); 
profit  (by);  perf  also  take 
advantage  (of),  avail  oneself 
(of);  —oBaxbCH  cjiyqaeM  take 
an  opportunity;  2.  (no  perf) 
enjoy  (rights,  smb's  confidence 
etc);  3.  (no  perf):  —oBaxbCH 
asxopHxexoM  have  authority 
(with);  have  prestige  (with); 
—  oeaxbCH  ycnexoM  be  a  suc- 
cess. 

n6^bK|a  I  [p6i^ka]  /  -h,  pi 
-H,  nojieK,  -aM  Polish  woman; 
Polish  girl. 


—  S25  — 


noM 


nojibRJa  II  [pol^ka]  /  -h, 
pi  -H,  nojieK,  -a.M  polka  (a 
dance). 

nojibCKJHH  [p61^sk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Polishi 

nOJIbCTHTb    see   JIbCTHTb. 

nojiK)6|MTb  [pd\^ub^ii^]perf 
-jiK),  noJiib6Hiub,  p  -HJi,'  imp 
-H  grow  fond  of,  come  to 
love;  fall  in  love  with. 

nojiK)6oBaTbCfl     see    jik)6o- 

BaXbCH. 

nojiioc  [pol^us,  -z]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  pole  (1)  of  the 
earth;  2)  phys\  3)  fig  ex- 
treme). 

nojiflK  [pAPak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-oB  Vo\q  {a  native  of  Poland). 

nojinH|a  [pAl^anaj  /  -u,  ~ 
glade,  clearing;  jiecHan  ~a 
glade. 

nojiflpHHK  [pAl^arn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  Arctic  worker. 

nojiflpHMH  [pAl^arniy]  a 
polar,  arctic;  FIoJinpnaH  sBe- 
3Aa  the  North  Star. 

noMCHflTb  see  MeH^fb  1,  2. 

noMeHflTbcsi  seeMeHHTbCJi  2. 

noMecTHTb  see-  noMemarb-. 

noMecTHTbcq  see  noMemaib- 

CH    1. 

noMCTHTb  see  MexHTb  I. 

noMexja  [pAm^ekha]  /  -h, 
pi  -H,  —  1.  hindrance,  ob- 
stacle; 6biTb  ~oH  stand  in 
the  way,  hinder,  be  a  hin- 
drance; 2.  pi  interference  {in 
radio). 

noMciuaTb  I  see  Memajb  I. 

noMeuiaxb  II  see  MeuiaTb 
II   1. 

noMeiul^Tb  [pam^i®sh':at'] 
imperf  -^ro,  -aemb,  noMe- 
CT|HTb  [pam^i^s^t^it^]    perf 


noMemy,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  place,  put,  locate;  in- 
vest [money)',  2.  accommo- 
date, put  up,  lodge;  3.  carry 
{of  a  newspaper ,  etc). 

noMem|aTbC5i  [pam^i^sh^td- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH, 
noMecTJHTbCJi  Ipam^i^s^'t^i- 
ttsa]  perf  noMemycb,  -HLUbCH, 
p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  1.  find  room;  go  in  {of 
things);  2.  {no  perf)  be,  be 
situated,  be    located. 

noMemeHH|e    fp9m^i^sh^:e- 


n^iya] 


■H,    -H  1.  placing, 


location  {the  act  of);  2.  prem- 
ises, housing;  apartment, 
room,  lodging;  jkhjioc  -~e 
living  accommodation,  habit- 
able premises. 

noMemHK  [pAm^esh^:ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  landlord,  lord  of 
the  manor. 

noMHJiop  [pam^idor]  m  -a, 
-OB  tomato. 

noMHJi|oBaTb  [pAm^ilavat^] 
perf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yfi  pardon,   forgive. 

noMHMO  [pAm^ima]  prep 
with  gen  denoting  1.  'in  ad- 
dition  to'lABeKHHrH    ~  3T0fi 

two  books  besides  this  one; 
—  ApyrHX  coo6pa>KeHHH  apart 
from  other  considerations; 
2.  'excluding'  or  'notwith- 
standing, in  spite  of:  sto 
6biJio  CAeJiaHo  ~  Menn  this 
was  done  without  my  knowl- 
edge; nojiymiTb  o6pa30BaHHe 
^  mKojiH  receive  an  educa- 
tion without  attending 
school;  ~  ero  bojih  in  spite 
of  himself. 

nOMHpHTb    see    MHptiXb, 


noM 


S26  — 


nOMHpHTbCfl  SeeMHpHTbCH  1. 

noMHJHTb  [p6mn^it^[  im- 
perf  -K),  -HiiJb,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-H  remember,  bear  in  mind. 

nOMHOWHTb    see  MHOn^HTb  1 . 

noMorjaTb  [pamAgat^]  im- 
perf  -aro,  -aeuib,  noM|6Hb 
■[pAmoch^j  perf  -ory,  -ojKeinb, 
-oryT,  p  -or,  -orjia,  imp  -ofh 
1.  help,  assist,  aid;  2.  re- 
lieve (of  a  medicine);  help 
(be  of  use);  sto  He  noM6>KeT  Ae- 
jiy  this  won't  mend  matters. 

no-MoeMy  IpAmoyamu]  adv 
1.  to  my  mind,  in  my  opin- 
ion; I  think  (that...);  2.  as  I 
would  have  it;  in  acco'rdance 
with   my  suggestion  /  advice. 

noM6|H  [pAmoi]  pi  -eB 
slops  (liquid  garbage); 

<>    06jIHBaTb      ~JIMH     Koro-Ji. 

col  throw  /  sling  mud  at  smb . 

noMOJiOjieTb    see  MOJio^exb. 

noMOHb  see  noMorarb. 

noMOiUHHK  [pAmoshn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  assistant;  help- 
er, help;  mate  (a  helper);-^ 
AHpeKTopa  assistant  direc- 
tor;  —-  KaoHTaHa  naut  mate. 

noMOii^lb  [pomash^:,  -zh^:] 
/  -H  help,  assistance,  aid; 
relief  (to  the  poor,  etc);  oKa- 
sbiBaib  ~b  help,  give  help, 
render  assistance;  ~b  na  ao- 
My  out  relief,  home  visiting 
(medical)  service;  6e3  nocxo- 
poHHeft  ^H  unassisted;  Ha 
-b!  help!; 

•<>  noflaxb  /  npoTMHyxb  pyny 
~H  KOMy-ji.  give  smb  a  helpr 
ing  hand;  npH  ~h  /  c  —bio 
with  the  help  (of),  by  means 
{of). 

nOMblTb    see    MblXb. 


nOMbIXbC5I    see   MblXbCH. 

noMaxb  see  MHXb  2. 

noM«xbC5i  see  MHXbca. 

noHaAo6|HXbC5i  fpAnadab'I* 
tts9]  perf  -Jiiocb,  -HiiibCH,  p 
-HjicH,  -HJiacb  col;  euy  [eft 
u  m.  d.]  3X0  He  -'HJiocb 
he  [she,  etc]  did  not  need 
this;  MHe  [eMy  u  m.  d.]  He 
--HJiocb  HAXH  xyAa  I  [he, 
etc]  didn't  need  [didn't  have] 
to  go  there;  sa^eM  xe6e 
—  Hjiocb  Aejiaxb  sxo?  what 
did  you  do  it  for?,  you 
shouldn't  have  done  it;  ec- 
jiH  —HXCH  if  necessary. 

noHCAejibHHK  [pan^i^d^eP- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  Monday. 

noHeMHory  [pan^'i^mnogu] 
adv  1.  little,  a  little  (at  a 
time);  2.  little  by  little. 

noHecxH  see  hccxh    1,  2,  3. 

noHecxHCb  see  necxHCb  1. 

noHHJKJaxb  [pan^izhat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aemb,  noHMslHxb 
[pAn^iz^it^]  perf  noHH>Ky, 
-Huib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -b  1.  lower 
(1)  rents,  etc;  2)  one's' voice); 
reduce  (prices,  speed,  etc);  2. 
col  demote,  degrade. 

noHHMlaxb  [pan^imat^]  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aemb,  noHJnxi* 
[pAn^at^j  perf  nOHMy,  noft- 
Meuib,  p  noHHJi,  -HJia,  no- 
HHJio,  noHHJiH,  imp  hohmh 
1.  understand,  comprehend; 
realize  (one's  mistakes,  etc); 
~axb  MysbiKy  understand  mu- 
sic; —  aio!,  noHHji!  I  seel;  h 
sac  — aio  I  understand  you; 
I  can  see  your  point;  noHHXb 
HaMCK  take  a  hint;  2.  (no 
perf):  ~axb  s  MysbiKe 
[b  HCKyccTse   u   m.  n.\  be  a 


327  — 


good  judge  of  music  [art, 
etc]. 

no-HOBOMy  [pAnovamu]  adv 
in  a  new  fashion. 

•noHoc  [pAnos,  -z]  m  -a  med 
diarrhea. 

noHpaBHTbCfl  see    HpasHTb- 

CH. 

noHibxaTb  see  HibxaTs. 

noHflTHle  [pAn^at^iya]  n  -n, 
-H  1.  philos  conception;  2. 
idea,  notion;  pacxHHCHMoe  ~e 
loose  concept;  hh  MaJieftiuero 
— H  6  MeM-Ji.  not  the  slightest 
idea/  notion  of  smth. 

noHHTHO  [pAn^atna]  impers 
predic  it  is  clear;  I  see. 

noHflTb  see  noHMMaib  1. 

nooSeflaxb  see  o6e;iaTb. 

nona^laTb  [papAdat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  nonajcTb 
[pApas^t'']  perf  -j\,y,  -Aeuib,  p 
•Ji,  imp  -AH  1.  hit  (the  mark, 
etc);  2.  get  (somewhere);  find 
oneself  (somewhere);  nonacTb 
Ha  noeoA  [na  asToSyc  u  m.n.] 
catch  a  train  [bus,  etc];  Kan 
nonacTb  na  BOKsaji?  what's 
the  way  to  the  station?,  how 
can  I  get  to  the  station?; 
KyAa  3T0  H  nonaji?  col  where 
on  earth  am  I?;  nonacxb  noA 
AOJKAb  be  caught  in  the  rain; 
nonacTb  b  njien  be  taken 
prisoner;  nonacTb  noA  cyA  be 
brought  to  trial;  3.  col  be 
admitted  (to);  4.  impers  col: 
eMy  [efi  u  m.  d.]  nonaAex!  he 
[she,  etc]  will  catch  it!;  eMy 
[eft  u  m.  d.]  nonajio  he  [she, 
etc]  caught  it;  he  [she,  etc] 
has  caught  it;  5.  (no  imperf) 
col:  KaK  nonajio  anyhow, 
carelessly,  in  a  slipshod  inan- 


ner;  fac  nonajio  anywhere 
(denoting  position);  KyAa  no- 
najio anywhere  (denoting 
direction);  KOMy  nonajio  to 
anybody; 

<>  nonacTb  BnpocaK  col  be 
taken  in,  be  trapped;  put 
one's  foot  in  it;  nonacTb 
najibucM  B  He6o  col  ^  take/ 
have  the  wrong  sow  by  the 
ear. 

nonaAlaTbcn  [papAdattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  no- 
najCTbCfl  [pApastsa]  perf 
-Aycb,  -AeujbCH,  p  -jicH,  -jiacb, 
imp  -AHCb,  -AHiecb  1.  be 
caught,  be  taken;  nonacTbCH 
c  nojiHMHbiM  be  caught  red- 
-handed;  66;ibiiie  He  ~aHCH 
don't  let  me  [him,  etc]  catch 
you  again;  2.  col:  mhc  no- 
najiCH  no  Aopore  JiHUJb  oahh 
^ejioBCK  on  the  way  I  met  / 
ran  into  only  one  man; 
<>  nonacTbcsi  KOMy-ji.  ua 
rjiasa  catch  smb's  eye;  nep- 
BbiH  nonaBiuHHCJi  the  first 
person  one  comes  across,  any- 
body; HTO  ~-eTCfl  col  any- 
thing. 

nonacTb  see  nonaAaib. 

nonacTbcsi     see   nonaAaxb- 

CH. 

nonepcK     [pap^i^r^ok,     -g] 
adv  &  prep  with  gen    across 
(from  side  to  side); 
<>  (B)cxaxb  KOMy-ji.  ~  ropjia 
col  stick  in  smb's  throat. 

noneqeHH|e  [pap'^i^ch^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h:  Ha  ~h  in  the 
charge  (of);  HMexb  kofo-ji. 
Ha  ~H  have  smb  to  take  care 
of;  ocxaBHXb  Ha  Hbe-Ji.  '— e 
leave  in  smb's  care. 


non 


328 


nono.aaM  [papAlam]  adv  1. 
in  two,  in  half,  into  two 
parts;  2.  mixed  (with  smt'h 
fifty-fifty)- 

nonojisTH  see  noJiaiH. 

nonpafiHTb  see  nonpasjisTb. 

nonpaBHTbcsi    see    nonpae- 

JlHTbCH. 

nonpaelKa  [pAprafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  correction  {of  a  mis- 
take, etc);  2.  amendment  {to 
a  resolution,  etc);  3.  col  re- 
covery {of  health);  ^ejio  hact 
Ha  ~Ky  he  [slie,  etc]  is  on 
the  way  to  recovery. 

nonpaB;i|flTb  [paprAvl^af*] 
imperf  -hio,  -Heiub,  nonpa- 
B|HTb  [pAprav'it'']  perf  -jiio, 


-HLUb,    p  -HJi,    imp  -b 


iix, 


repair,  mend;  2.  correct  {mis- 
take'i,  a  person,  etc);  put  (smb) 
right;  3.  put  straight,  adjust, 
readjust;  smooth  {one's  hair); 
4.  improve,  better;  restore 
(one's  health);  mend  (fi- 
nances,   things    in   general). 

noHpaBji|flTbcsi  [paprAV- 
I'attsa]  imperf  -flKx:b,  -Heiub- 
CH,  nonpaB|HTbcsi  [pApra- 
v'ittsa]  perf  -jiKXb,  -HUJbCH, 
p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -bCH, 
-bxecb  1.  correct  oneself;  2. 
improve,  become  better;  3. 
get  well,  recover;  perf  also 
be  well  again;  4.  put  on 
weight,  gain  weight. 

no-npe)KHeMy  [pApr^'ezh- 
n*'imu]  adv  as  before;  as 
usual. 

nonpHmie  [p6pr''ish'':8]  n 
-a  walk  of  rife,  field;  Ha 
$TOM  ~e  in  this  walk  of  life; 
Ha  HayMHOM  -— e  in  the  field 
of  science. 


nonp66oBaTb     see     np66o- 
eaxb. 
nonpocHTb  see  npocHXb. 
nonpoiu,aTbC5i  see  npomajb- 

CH. 

nonyraJH  [papugay]  m  -a, 
-en  parrot. 

nonyjiflpHlbiH  [papul^'arniy] 
a  sh  f  nonyjiapcH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
popular  (poet,  etc). 

nonyTH|biH  [pAputniy]  a: 
~biH  Bexep  fair  wind;  ~aH 
MauiHHa  passing  car;  — oe  aa- 
MenaHHe  passing  remark. 

nonyTHHK  [pAput''ch'*ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  fellow-traveller. 

nonbiraTbCH  see  nbixaibCH. 

nonhiT|Ka  [pApttka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  attempt,  endeavour. 

nonflTHTbcii  '^see  nHTHTbCH. 

nopja  [pAral  I  /  -bi,  ace 
nopy,  pi  gen  ~  time,  peri- 
od; BenepHeH  '--o'a  of  an  eve- 
ning; 

II  impers  predic  it  is  time 
(to  do  smth);  eaM  ~a  c^ejiaxb 
3T0  it  is  time  you  did  it; 
<>  c  KaKHx  ~?  since  when?; 
c  rex  —  since  then;  ao  Ka- 
KMX  — ?  till  when?,  till  what 
time?;  ao  rex  --,  noKa  un* 
til;  as  long  as;  jig  chx  ~-  1) 
up  till  /  to  now;  hitherto;  2) 
up  to  this  point;  up  to  here; 
c  xex  —,  KaK  ever  since; 
c  AaBHHx  —  long,  for  a  long 
time;  na  nepobix  ~ax  at 
first;  AG  ~bi,  flo  speivieHH 
until  a  certain  time;  for  the 
time  being. 

nopawjaxb  [parAzhat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  nopa3|Hxb 
[parAZ^'it'']  perf  nopa^iy, 
-HUJb,  p  -HJI,    imp    -H  1.  mil 


—  329  — 


nop 


h'li  (the  target,  etc);  2.  affect, 
strike  (of  an  illness);  3.  strike, 
startle;  stagger;  impress 
greatly;  amaze. 

nopa>KeHH|e  [parAzhen^iy?] 
n  -H,  -H  defeat  (the  act  of  de- 
feating); HaHecTH  ~e  defeat, 
inflict  a  defeat  upon. 

nopasHxejibHlbiH  [parAz^i- 
t^il^niy]  a  sh  f  nopasHieJieH, 
-s,  -o,  -bi  striking,  startling; 
amazing;  staggering. 

nopasHTb  see  nopajKaib. 

nopearb  see  nopbiBaxb  & 
pBaib  I   1,  3. 

nopejaaTb  [pAr^ezat^]  perf 
-Mcy,  -JKeuib,  p  -3aJi,  imp 
-)Kb  1.  cut  [one's  finger,  etc); 
2.  cut  (into  pieces);  slice. 

nope|3aTbCJ!  [pAr^ezattsa] 
perf  -jKycb,  -:H^eiiibCH,  p  -aaji- 
CH,  -aajiacb,  imp  -»<bCH,  -mh- 
xecb  cut  oneself. 

nopHi;aHH|e  [par^'itsan^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  blame,  reproach, 
reprimand;  censure,  reproof; 
BbiHecFH  — e  reprimand;  cen- 
sure; AocTOHHbiH  —-H  repre- 
hensible. 

nopOBHy  [poravnu]  adv 
equally,  in  equal  parts  /  por- 
tions; into  equal  parts  /  por- 
tions. 

nopor  [pArok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  threshold  {also  fig); 
2.  rapid(s). 

nopoflja    [pAroda]  /  -w,   ~ 

1.  breed,    species,    race;    2. 
kind,  sort,  type;  3.  geol  rock. 

nopoK  [pArok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB     1.    vice    (moral    fault); 

2.  defect,  vice,  fault; 

•0"  ~  cepAUa  med  heart  dis- 
ease. 


nopoceH|oK [parAs^onak, -gj 
m  -Ka,  pi  nopocHxa,  nopo- 
CHx  sucking-pig,  piglet. 

nopox  [porakh,  -gh]  m  -a 
(-y)  (gun)powder. 

nopoHH|biH  [pAroch^'niy]  a 
sh  f  nopoqeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
depraved,  vicious;  wanton 
(woman);  2.  faulty,  fallacious. 

nopoui|6K  [parAshok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KoB  powder  (a  fine  sub- 
stance); 

<>•    cxepexb    Koro-ji.    b     --^ok 
grind  smb   to  dust. 

nopx  [port,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
•bi,   -OB  port,  harbour. 

nopxJHXb  [port^it'']  imperf 
nopqy,  -HUib,  p  -hji,  imp  -b, 
HcinopxHXb  [isporf'it^]  perf 
spoil;  corrupt  (a  person,  etc); 
^-HXb  HacxpoeHHe  KOMy-ji. 
upset  smb,  put  smb  into  a 
bad  mood;  HcnopxHXb  mejiy- 
AOK  upset  the  stomach. 

n6px|HXbcsi  [port^ittsa]  im- 
perf nopqycb,  -HmbCH,^p  -h;i- 
CH,  -Hjiacb,  HcinopxHXbCfl  [is- 
port^'ittsa]  perf  1.  rot,  go  bad 
(of  food-stuffs);  2.  spoil,  get 
spoilt;  3.:  noroAa  ~Hxca  the 
weather  is  changing  for  the 
worse;  y  Hero  HcnopxHJiocb 
HacxpoeHHe  he  has  lost  his 
good  spirits,  he  is  in  a  bad 
mood. 

nopxHHxja  [pArtn^'ikha]  / 
■H,   --  dressmaker. 

nopxHJoJf  [pArtn6y]  m -ore, 
-bix  tailor. 

nopxpex  [pAftr^'et,  -d]  m 
-a,   -OB  portrait,  picture. 

nopxcHrap  [parts^'igar]  m 
-a,  -OB  cigarette  case. 

nopryrajileu   [partugal^i^f, 


nop 


—  330  — 


-dz]  m  -bua,  -bucB  Portu- 
guese. 

nopTyrajibCK|HH  [partu- 
gaPskMy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
Portuguese. 

nopT(t)ejilb  [pArtPel^]  m 
-H,  -eft  I.  brief-case;  papcr- 
-case;  2.  portfolio. 

no-pyccKH  [pArusk'^i]  adv 
in  Russian;  roBopHTb  [hh- 
caib]  -^  speak  [write]  Rus- 
sian. 

nopyHJaTb  [paruch'*at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  nopy- 
H'lHTb  [p9ruch''it*']  perf  -y, 
nopyMHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
ciiarge  {smb  with  smth), 
entrust  (  smb  with  smth);  in- 
struct (smb  to  do  smth). 

nopyHeHHJe  [paruch^e- 

n^iya]  n  -h,  -ii  commission, 
errand;  mission;  message;  jxa- 
eaxb  —-e  charge  (smb  with 
smth),  instruct  {smb  to  do 
smthy,  cliarge  witii  -^  a 
mission;  no  — kd  authorized 
{by);  af  {smb'<i)  request,  on 
the  instructions  {of);  on  be- 
half {of). 

nopywHTb  see  nopyqaxb. 

nopyHHTbCM  see    pyqaTbCH. 

n6pUH|5i  fportjiya]  /  -h, 
-H  portion  {of  food,  etc); 
helping  {of  food). 

nopMla  [porch^a]  /  -h  spoil- 
ing, damage. 

n6pu]|eHb  [porshan^]  m  -hh, 
-HCH  technol    pistpn;   sucker. 

nopUB  [pArIf,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  gust,  rush;  2.  fit,  gust, 
burst;  6jiarop6AHbiH  ~  noble 
impulse. 

nophiBlaTb-[parivat'']  im- 
perf -aio,     -aeuib,    nopBJaTb 


[pArvat^]  perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  aji, 
imp     -H    break   (off)    {with). 

nopbiBHCT|biH  [pAr J v^'istty] 
a  sh  f  '^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  gusty 
{wind);  2.  jerky  {movements); 
3.  impetuous  {people). 

nopflAJoK  [pAr^'adak,  -gj 
m  -KB,  -KOB  t.  order  {in  a 
room,  in  public  places,  etc); 
npHBOAHTb  B  —OK  put  in  or- 
der, arrange,  tidy;  npHBo- 
AHTb  ce6H  B  -—OK  tidy  one- 
self up;  CJieAHTb  sa  —kom 
keep  order;  He  b  ~Ke  out  of 
order;  there  is  smth  wrong 
with;  2.  order,  sequence;  no 
—Ky  in  succession,  in  turn, 
one  after  another  /  the  other; 
B  — Ke  onepejiH  in  turn; 
waiting  until  one's  turn;  3. 
procedure  {of  voting,  etc); 
—OK  padoTbi  procedure,  rou- 
tine; B  06H3aTeJlbH0M  — Ke 
without  fail;  obligatorily; 
opraHHSOBaHHbiM  — KOM  in  an 
organized  manner;  b  AHCKyc- 
CHOHHOM  — Ke  open  to  dis- 
cussion {of  an  article);  b  — Ke 
KyjibiypHoro  o6MeHa  by  way 
of  cultural  exchange;  b  — kc 
o6cyHCAeHHH  as  a  matter  for 
discussion;  b  ycTanoBJieHHOM 
—  Ke  in  accordance  with  es- 
tablished procedure;  4.  sys- 
tem, regime,  order; 
<>  npH3BaTb  Koro-Ji.  k  —ny 
call  smb  to  order;  ece  b  ~- 
KC  all  is  well,  everything  is 
all  right. 

nopnjiGHHibiH  [pAr^'adach'*- 
nty]  a  sh"  f  nopHAOMen,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  1.  decent,  honest,  re- 
spectable; 2.  considerable 
{distance,  etc). 


—  331  — 


noca^HTb  see  cajKarh. 

nocaflJKa  [pAsatke]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  planting  (of  trees, 
etc);  2.  boarding,  entrain- 
raent;  embarkation  {of  pas- 
sengers); BHHMaHHe!  HaMH- 
HaeTCH  -^Ka!  attention!  pas- 
sengers are  invited  to  take 
their  seats!;  3.  av  landing; 
BbiHyjKAeHHan  — Ka  forced 
landing;  coBepiuHTb  ---Ky 
make  a  landing,  land. 

no-CBocMy  [pAsvoyamu]  adv 
in  one's  own  way  /  man- 
ner. 

nocBJiTHTb  see  nocBjimaTb. 

nocB5mi,|aTb  fpas^v^i^- 

sh^:at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
nocBHT|HTb  [pas^v^i^t^it^j 
perf  nocBHiAy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  initiate  {into), 
let  {into);  2.  devote,  dedi- 
cate {oneself,  one's  life  to 
smth);  3.  dedicate  {a  book, 
etc). 

noccB  [pAs^ef,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  sowing  {of  seeds); 
2.  crops  {products  grown, 
sprouts). 

noceBHOH  [pas^i^vnoy]  a 
sowing  {campaign,  area,  etc). 

noceflCTb  see  ce^^exb. 

nocejiHTb  see  nocejiHTb. 

nocejiHTbcsi  see  nocejiHxbCH. 

nocejijoK  IpAs^obk,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  settlement,  small 
town. 

noccilflxb  [pas^i^l^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -aeuib,  noce- 
jiJHxb  [pas^i^l^it^j  perf  -ib, 
-iiiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  settle 
(people);  lodge  {people). 

noceji|^xbcn  [pas^'i^l^'attsa] 
imperf   -^locb,   -aembCH,  no- 


cejiJHxbCJi  [pas^i^Pittja]  ;9er/ 

-K)Cb,        -l5mbCH,    p   -HJICH,    -H- 

-jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  set- 
tle, take  up  one's  residence 
{somewhere). 

nocepeAHHC      [pas^ir^i^d^i- 
n^ij   I  adv  in  the  middle; 
II  prep  with  gen  in  the  mid- 
dle of. 

nocexHxejijb  [pas'i^t^i- 
t^iP]  m  -H,  -eft  visitor, 
caller;  guest. 

nocexHXb  see  nocemaxb. 

nocem|axb  [pas^i^sh^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  noce- 
xJHXb  [pas^i^t^it^]  perf  no- 
ceiny,  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
1.  visit  {friends,  museums, 
etc);  call  on  {go  to  see);  2.  at- 
tend {lectures,  etc). 

nocejixb  see  cenxb. 

nocKOjib3H|yxbC5![  paskAPz- 
nutt^a]  perf  -ycb,  -euibCH, 
p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  slip  {lose  one's  foot- 
hold). 

nocKOjibKy  [pAskol^ku]  cj 
so  long  as;  since,  as, 

nocjiaHHPiK  fpAslan^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  minister,  en- 
voy. 

nocjiaxb  see  nocbiJiaxb. 

nocjie  [pos^Pi]  I  adv  aft- 
erwards, later  (on); 
II  prep  with  gen  denoting 
'later  in  time'  or  'next  in 
order':  BepnyxbCH  —  naxH 
return  after  five;  coSpaHHe 
cocxoHXCH  ~  saH^XHft  the 
meeting  will  be  held  after 
classes;  -^  co6paHMH  6yAex 
KOHuepx  the  meeting  will  be 
followed  by  a  concert;  oh 
ymeji  ^  Bcex    he    was    the 


noc 


—  332  — 


last  to  leave;  h  He  BHAeJi 
ero  ~  ero  BQSBpameHHH  I 
haven't  seen  him  since  he 
returned;  -^  ccero  after  all; 
when  all  is  said    and    done. 

nocjie...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting  'later 
than  the  period  indicated  by 
the  second  element':  noc;ie- 
BoeHHbiH  [pas^'PivAyenniy] 
post-war;  nocJieo6eAeHHbiH 
[pas^l^'iAb^ed'^miy]  after-din- 
ner. 

nocjieAHJHH  [pAs^l^'ed''- 
n''iy]  a  1.  last  {page,  day, 
etc);  B  ~HH  pa3  for  the  last 
time;  last  time;  ao  ~ero 
BpeMCHH  until  recently;  2. 
new,  the  latest;  3,  the  lat- 
ter {opposite  of  the  former); 
4.  worst,  lowest  {grade,  kind, 
etc);  pyraxbCH  ~hmh  cjio- 
BaMH  use  foul  language; 
~ee  Aejio  col  the  worst  so- 
lution. 

nocjieAOBaTeji|b  [pAs^'l^e- 
davat^^il^l  m  -h,  -efi  follow- 
er, adherent. 

noc;ieAOBaTejibH|biH  [pA- 
s''i*'ed8vat^iPniY]  a  sh  f  no- 
cjieAOBaiejieH,      -a,      -o,     -bi 

1.  successive,     consecutive; 

2.  consistent  {person). 
nocjieziOBaTb  see  cJie^oBaxb 

1,  2,  3. 

nocjieACTBHJe  [pAs''l''etjt*»- 
v^iya]  n  -h,  -h  consequence, 
sequel;  ~h  6o;ie3HH  after-ef- 
fects of  an  illness. 

nocjiesaBTpa  [pas'^l'^i^zaf- 
tra]  adv  the  day  after  tomor- 
row. 

nocji6BHij,|a  [pAslov'^itja]  / 
-bi.    ~  proverb,  saying. 


nocjiywHTb  see  c;iy»:HTb. 
nocjiyuiaTb     see     cjiymarb 
1,  3. 
nocjiyuiaTbCJi  see  cjiymaTb- 

CH. 

nocjiyiuHihiH  [pAslushniy] 
a  sh  f  nocjiyiueH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
obedient,  dutiful. 

nocMexb  see  CMeib. 

nocMOTpeTb  see  CMorpeib 
1,   2,  3,   4,  5. 

noc66H|e  [pAsob^'iya]  n  -h, 
-H  1.  grant,  allowance;  bene- 
fit, relief  {for  unemployed, 
etc);  2.  textbook,  manual, 
study  guide;  yqe6Hbie  -~h 
teaching  aids;  training  ap- 
pliances; HarJiHAHbie  — h  vis- 
ual aids, 

nocoBeTOBaTb  see  coBeio- 
BaTb. 

nocoBeTOBaTbCM    see   coBe- 

TOBaibCH. 

nocjoji  [pAsol]  m  -jia, 
-JioB    ambassador;      qpesBbi- 

MaHHblfl         H  nOJIHOMOMHblH 

~6ji     ambassador      extraor- 
dinary   and   plenipotentiary. 

nocojiHTb  see  cojiHxb. 

noc6jibCTB|o  [pAsoPstva] 
n  -a,   ~  embassy. 

nocneB|aTb  I  [p9s''p*'i^- 
vai^]  imperf  -aex,  nocn|eTb 
[pAs^p*'et''l  perf  -eer  ripen, 
get  ripe,  grow  ripe. 

nocneBJarb  II  [pas*'p''i^- 
vat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib. 
nocnjCTb  [pAs'^p^'et^]  perf 
-eio,  -eemb  col  be  in  time 
{for);  nocnexb  Ha  noesA 
catch  the  train;  —axb  aa 
KeM-ji.  keep  up  with  smb. 
riocneTb  I  see  nocneeaxb  I. 
nocneTbll  see  nocneaaTb  II. 


333 


noc 


nocneuiH|biH  [pAs^'p'esh- 
niy]  a  sh  f  nocnemcH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  hasty,  hurried, 
prompt;  2.  thoughtless,  rash, 
hasty. 

nocnopHTb  see  cnopHTb. 

nocpe^H  [pasr^i^d^i]  I  adv 
in  the  middle;  in  the  midst, 
amidst; 

II  prep  with  gen  in  the  mid- 
dle of. 

nocpeAHHK  fpAsr^'ed^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  mediator,  in- 
termediary; negotiator,  go- 
-between. 

nocpeflCTBeHH|wH  fpAsr^e- 
tjtv^mty]  a  sh  f  nocpeACT- 
BeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  mediocre; 
satisfactory  {mark). 

nocpeflCTBOM  [pAsr^etjt- 
vam]  prep  with  gen  by 
means    of;    by    the    use  of. 

noccopHTbCfl   see   ccopHTb- 

CH. 

nocT  I  [post,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-6b  post  (1)  mil  station, 
guard',  2)  job,  position,  of- 
fice); CTOHTb  Ha  ~y  be  at 
one's  post;  be  on  point-duty. 

nocT  II  [post,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-6b  fast,  fasting;  BeJiHKHH  ^ 
Lent. 

nocraBHTb    I  see   craBHTb. 

nocTaBHTb  II    see    nocraB- 

JIHTb. 

nocTaB|KH  [pAstafk**!]  pi 
-ok:  rocyAapCTBeHHbie  -^kh 
state  deliveries,  deliveries 
to  the  state. 

nocTaB.n|^Tb  [pastAvPat^] 
imperf  -hk),  -Heuib,  nocxa- 
BfHTb  [pAstav^it^]  perf  -jiio, 
-Huib,  p  -wji,  imp  -b  supply, 
deliver. 


nocTaHOBUTb  see  nocTanoB- 

JlHTb. 

nocraHOBlKa  [pastAn^ofka] 
/  -Kii,  -OK  1  theat  produc- 
tion; staging;  play,  perform- 
ance; 2,:  —Ka  Bonpoca  the 
way  a  question  is  formulated; 
statement  of  a  question;  ~Ka 
AeJia  the  way  of  doing  things; 
organization    {of   work,   etc). 

nGCTaHOBjieHH|e  [pastanAv- 
l^en^iya]  n  -h,  -m  decision, 
resolution;  decree. 

nocTaHOBJijiiTb  [p^stanAv- 
l^'at'^]  imoerf  -r\o,  -aeiub, 
nocTaHOBJMTb  [pastanAv^it^] 
p_erf  -jiK),  nocraHOBHiUb,  p 
-YiJi,  imp  -H  decree,  enact;  de- 
cide, resolve. 

nocTapaTbcsi    see  CTapaib- 

CH. 

nocTapexb  see   cxapexb    1. 

nocxejiMXb    co/=nocxjiaTb. 

nocxejijb  [pAs^'t^'el'']  /  -h, 
-efl  1.  bed,  bed-elothes;  2. 
bed  {with  bedding);  Bcxaxb 
c  ~H  get  up,  get  out  of  bed. 

nocxencHHo  [pas^'t^'i^p^'en- 
na]  adv  gradually,  little  by 
little. 

nocxecHflxbCfl  see  cxecHHXb- 
CH  2. 

nocxjiaxb  see  cxjiaxb. 

nocxojibKy  [pAstoPku]  cj 
in  so  far  as,  inasmuch  as; 
<>   ^,  nocKOJibKy  so  far    as. 

nocxopOHHlHH  [pastAron''- 
n^iy]  I  a  \.  strange  {peo- 
ple)', 2.  outside  {matters,  as- 
sistance, etc);  irrelevant; 
~ee  xejio  foreign  substance/ 
body; 

II  as   a   noun  nocTop6H- 
H  1  H  H  m  -ero,  -hx   stranger; 


noc 


334  — 


outsider;  — hm  bxoa  Bocnpe- 
mcH  no  admittance. 

nocTo^HH;b!H  [postAyanniy] 
a  '^h  f  nocTOHHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
pe-'manent;  constant;  contin- 
tous;  regular  {visitor,  army, 
etJ) 

nocTo|flTb  [pastAyat^]  perf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -HJT,  imp  no- 
CTOH  1.  stand  (for  a  wiiile); 
2.  stand  up  (for),  upliold; 
3.:  nocT6H(Te)!  wait  a  min- 
ute!; stop! 

nocTpaAaxb  see  cxpaAaib  2. 

nocTpHHb  see  cxpH^b. 

nOCTpHHbCfl    see     CTpHWbCH 

nocTpoeHHle  [pastrAye- 
n^iya]  n  -si  building,  con- 
struction (of  communism,  etc). 

nocTpoHTb  <:ee  cxpoHTb. 

nocTp6HK|a  [pAstroylo]  / 
-H,  nocTpoeK  1.  building,  con- 
structing, construction,  erec- 
tion; 2.  building  (a  thing 
built). 

nocxynlaTb  [pastupat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  nocry- 
n|HTb  [pastup^it^]  perf  -j{\b, 
nocTynHUJb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h  1. 
act,  behave;  KaK  HaM  xenepb 

—  HTb?  what  shall  we  do 
now?;  2.  treat  (smb  in  some 
■juay);  3.  enter  (the  universi- 
ty, school,  etc),  join  (the 
army,  etc)',  take  on  (a  job); 
~aTb  Ha  pa66Ty  go  to  work; 
get  a  job;  4.  be  received, 
come  in;  '-aib  b  npoAa>Ky 
be  on  sale,  be  in  the  market; 

—  axb  B  npoH3B6;icxBO  go 
into  production. 

nocxynloK  [pAstupak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  pi  -KH,  -KOB  act,  deed, 
action;     pi    also    behaviour. 


nocTyHaxb    see    cxy^axb  I. 

nccxyHaxbCH  see  cxy^axbCH. 

nocy;i|a  [pASuda]  /  -bi 
plates  and  dishes;  MaHHan 
~a  tea-things;  KyxoHHan  —a 
kitchen  utensils;  cxeKJiHHHan 
-^a  glassware;  4)ap4)6poBaH 
~a   china. 

nocHHxaxbcsi  see  CMHxaxb- 
CH    1. 

nocbiJi|axb  [pasilat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  nocji|axb 
[pAslat^]  perf  nouijiib,  no- 
mjieuib,  p  -aji,  imp  noiujiH 
send  (a  letter,  etc;  smb  or 
for  smb);  dispatch  (send  off). 

nocbiJiJKa  [pAstlka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  sending  (of  a  letter, 
etc);  2.   parcel  (for  the  post). 

nocbinaxb  see  nocwnaxb. 

nocbinjaxb  [pasipat^J  im- 
perf -ara,  -aeuib,  nocbin|axb 
[pASi'pat^]  perf  -jik),  -jiemb, 
p  -aj\,  imp  -b  sprinkle,  strew, 
powd&r  (smth  with  smth). 

nox  [pot, -d]  m-a(-y), -OB 
sweat,  perspiration;  o6jih- 
Bancb  --OM  running /wet 
with  sweat; 

<>  ~-0M  H  KpoBbK)  in  blood 
and  sweat;  e  ~ejiHi;a  in  the 
sweat  of  one's  brow. 

no-xBoeMy  [pAtvoyamu] 
adv  corresp  to  xbi  [cf  no- 
-BameMy]  1,  to  your  mind, 
in  your  opinion,  you  think 
(that...);  2,  as  you  would 
have  it;  in  accordance  with 
your  suggestion  /  advice; 
nycxb  6yflex  ~  let  it  be 
your  way,  have  it  your  own 
way. 

noxeM|KH  fpAt*'6mk''i]  pi 
-OK  darkness,  the  dark. 


—  335  — 


noTCMHeTb  seereMHeTb  1,  2. 

noTepn|eTb  [pat^i^^rp^et''] 
perf  -JiK),  noTepnHuib,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H  1.  be  patient,  keep 
one's  patience  {for  some 
time);  2.  suffer  {damages, a  de- 
feat,etc)\  noiepnexb  Kopa6.ne- 
KpymeHHe  be  sliipwrecked; 
3.  {in  neg  sentences,  mostly 
in  fut)  stand,  tolerate;  h  He 
-—JIK)  SToro  I  won't  stand  / 
tolerate  it. 

norepiji  [pAt^er^a]  /  -h, 
p/  -H,  -b  1.  loss  {of  smth); 
waste  {of  time);  ~h  Tpy^o- 
cnoc66HOCTH  disability  {the 
state  of);  2.  {mostly  pi) 
losses;  casualties;  — h  b  mu- 
BOH  CHJie  H  xexHHKe  losses 
in  manpower    and    materiel. 

norepflTb  see  Tepnib. 

noTepflxbCH  see   xepHTbcn. 

noTJCTb  [pAt^et^]  imperf 
-eio,  -eeiiib,  BcjnoTeTb  [fspA- 
t^et^]  perf  1.  sweat,  perspire; 
2.  {no  perf)  fig  col  toil  {at), 
grind  (away)  {at). 

noTHxoHbKy  [pat^'ikhon^'ku] 
adv  col  1.  slowly;  gradually; 
2.  noiselessly,  silently;  on 
the  sly,  secretly,  by  stealth. 

noTOK  [pAtok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-oB  stream,  torrent,  current, 
flow  {also  fig). 

noTOji|6K  [patAlok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  ceiling. 

noTOJicxeTb    see    xojicxexb, 

noxoM  [pAtom]  adv  then, 
afterw?[rds;  later  (on). 

nox6McxB|o  [pAtomstva]  n 
-a  posterity. 

noxoMy  [patAmu]  1  adv    & 
cj  that's  why; 
II  as   part  of    c/:  —  qio  be- 


cause,    for,    as;     -'...,     mxo 
because,   for,  as. 

noxoHyxb  see  xoHyxb. 

noxonMxb    see   xonnxb    III. 

noxoponHxb  seexoponnxb  1. 

noxoponHxbCJi      see     xopo- 

DHXbCH. 

noxoHHlbiH  [pAtoch^niy]  a: 
~a5i  jiHHHH  production  jline; 
~biH  MexoA  line  produc- 
tion. 

noxpaxHXb  see  xpaxHXb. 

noxpe6Hxeji|b  [patr^'i^b'''- 
t^iP]  m  -H,   -eft  consumer. 

noxpe6jieHH|e  [patr^i^bPe- 
n'^iya]  n  -h  consumption,  use. 

noxpe6jilflxb  [patr^i^bPat^] 
imperf  -hio,  -neiub  consume, 
use. 

noxpe6HOCx|b  [pAtr^eb- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^j  /  -h  necessity, 
requirement,  need;  demand 
{for  raw  materials,  etc). 

noxpe6oBaxb  see  xpeSo- 
Baxb. 

noxpeSoBaxbcji    see   xpe6o- 

BaXbCH. 

noxpeB6}KHxb      see     xpeBo- 

»CHXb    2. 

noxpsicaK)m|HH  [patr^i^sa- 
yush^:iy]  a  [pa]  -an,  -ee, 
-He  tremendous,  staggering; 
startling. 

noxyxHyxb    see  xyxnyxb  I. 

noxyiuHXb  see  xyuiHXb. 

noxsiHyxbCJi  see  XHHyxbCH 
3,  5. 

noywHHaxb  see  yjKHHaxb. 

noxBa./i|a  [pakhvAla]  /  -bi, 
noxBaji  praise,  commenda- 
tion;       C       '-OH       0X03BaXbCH 

o  KOM-Ji.^  praise   smb,    speak 
favourably  of  smb, 
noxBajiHxb  see  xBajiHxb. 


nox 


336  — 


noxea^UTbCfl    see  xeajiHTb- 

Cfl. 

noxBacTaibCfl  see  xsa- 
cxaTbCji. 

noxHiHTb  see  noxHiuaib. 

noxHimaxb  [pakh^ish^'.at^] 
imperf  -aw,  -aeiiib,  noxHT|HTb 
[pAkh^it^'it^]  perf  noxHiuy, 
-Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  steal 
(documents,  etc);  kidnap. 

noxjionoTaxb  see  xjiono- 
Taib   2,  3. 

noxoA  [pAkhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  march  (the  act  of  march- 
ing); naut  cruise,  trip;  ly- 
pHCTHHecKHH  ~  hiking  tour, 
hike,  tramp;  jibiH^Hbift  ■^  ski- 
ing trip;  BbiciynHTb  b  —  set 
out;  take  the  field;  b  — e  on 
the  march. 

noxoiilKa  [pAkhotka]  / -kh, 
-OK  gait,  step. 

nox6}K|HH  [pAkhozhty]  a 
-an,  -ce,  -He,  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -e, 
-H  alike;  ohh  oneHb  ^HApyr 
Ha  Apyra  they  are  very  much 
alike;  --hh  Ha  resembl- 
ing, looking  like;  like  (gold, 
etc);  6biTb  ~HM  Ha  resemble, 
look  like,  be  like;  sto  — e  na 
Hero  it's  just  like  him,  that's 
him  all  over; 

<>  — e  Ha  TO,  HTO...  it  looks 
as  if...;  Ha  Koro  tw  ~I  col 
just  look  at  yourself! 

noxopoHHTb  see    xopoHHib. 

n6xopoH|bi  [pokharant]  pi 
noxopoH,  -aM  funeral,  burial. 

noxy;ieTb  see  xy^exb. 

nouejioeaxb  see    uejiosaxb. 

nouejioBaxbCJi      see     uejio- 

BaXbCH. 

nouejiyiH  [patjt^luy]  m-H, 
-en  kiss;  nocjiaxb  BoaAyuiHbm 


~H  KOMy-ji.  wave  a  kiss  to 
smb. 

n6HB|a  fpoch^va]  /  -u,  ^ 
soil  (i)  the  surface  of  the 
earth;  2)  a  particular  kind 
of  earth); 

<>  BbiSHXb  --y  H3-noA  Hor 
y  Koro-ji.  col  cut  the  ground 
from  under  smb;  —aycKOJib- 
saex  y  hhx  hs-hoa  Hor  col 
the  ground  is  slipping  from 
under  them;  naiuyobiBaxb  / 
soHAHpOBaxb  ~y  explore  the 
ground;  na  ~e  Her6-.n.  be- 
cause of  smth,  owing  to  smth. 

noHeM  fpAch^'om]  adv  col 
1.  how  much?,  what's  the 
price?;  ■—  mchoko?  how  much 
is  the  milk?;  2.:  —  anaxb? 
who  can  tell?,  how  should 
we  know?;  --  h  sHaio?  how 
should  I  know? 

noHCMy  [pach^'i^mu]  adv 
inter  &  rel  why;  ~  bm  hc 
npHUJJiH  Bqepa?  why  didn't 
you  come  yesterday?;  h  ne 
3Haio,  --  OH  He  npHUieji  I  don't 
know  why  he  didn't  [hasn't] 
come;  —  6bi  ne  hohxh  xyAa? 
why  not  go  there? 

noHeiviy-xo  [pach^'i^mutaj 
adv  for  some  reason,  for  some 
reason  or  other. 

noHepK  [poch^'irk,  -g]  m  -a, 
pi  -H,  -OB  hand(writing). 

noHccaxb  see  Mecaxb  1. 


see 


qecaxb- 


noHecaxbCH 

CH   1. 

noHCT  [pAch^ot,  -d]  m  -a 
honour  (high  respect);  respect, 
esteem. 

noHexHlwH  [pAch^'otnty]  a 
sh  f  noHexen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  hon- 
ourable; honorary;  --wflrocxb 


—  337 


nod 


guest   of   honour;    ~biH    Ka- 
payji  guard  of  honour. 

nOMHHHTb     see    qHHHTb    I    1. 
nOHHCTHTb    see    HHCXHTb. 

noHJKa  I  [poch^'ka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  bot  bud. 

noHlKH  II  [poch^'ka]  /-kh, 
-eK  anat  kidney;  BocnaJieHHe 
~eK  nephritis. 

noMTJa  [poch^ta]  /  -bi  1. 
post-office;  2.  post,  majl;  no 
~e  by  post;  nocjiaxb  -~oh 
post,  send  by  post. 

noHxajibOH  [pach^tAl^yon] 
m  -a,  -OB  postman,  letter- 
-carrier. 

noHxaMT  [pAch^tamt,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  post-office. 

noHTeHHJe  [pAch^t^en^'iyaJ 
n  -H  respect,  esteem,  con- 
sideration. 

noHTdHHlbiH  [pAch^t^enniy] 
a  sh  f  noMTCHeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
honourable,  respectable;  ven- 
erable {of  age). 

noHTH    [pAch^'t^i]    adv    al- 
most, nearly,  practically; 
<>    —    HTO    almost,    nearly, 
practically. 

noHTHTejibHlbiii  fpAch'^t^i- 
t^iPnty]  a  sh  f  noHiHiejieH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  1.  respectful,  defer- 
ential; 2.  fig  col  respectful, 
considerable    {distance,    etc). 

noHTiHTb  [pAch^t^it^]  perf 
-y,  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  hon- 
our {smh  by,  with  stnth); 
pay  homage  {to  smb);  —HXb 
naMHXb  BCxaBaHMeM  stand  up 
in  honour  of  smb's  mem- 
ory. 

noHx6B|biM  [pAch^'toviy]  a 
postal,  post  {attr)\  ~biH  Hm.HK 
letter-box;   ^aa  MapKa  (post- 


age) stamp;  — oe  0T;iejieHHe 
post-office;  ~aH  oxKpbixKa 
postcard. 

noHyBcxBOBaxb  see    qyBcx- 

BOBaXb. 

noHyjixb  see  Myaxb. 

nouieji  [pAshol],  nouiJia 
[pAshla]  see  noflxH. 

noiujiM  [pAshl*"!]  imp  of 
noc/iaxb;  see  nocbiJiaxb. 

noiujiHHJa  [poshl'^ina]  / -bi, 
—  duty,  tax;  customs  duty; 
o6jiar^xb  —oh  impose  tax 
on,  tax. 

nouijijuH  [poshliy]  a  sh  f 
■—,  -a,  -0,  -bi  vulgar,  banal, 
commonplace. 

nouijiK)  [pAshPu],  no- 
uijieuib  [pAshPosh, -zh]  1st  Sc 
2nd  persons  of  nocjiaxb;  see 
nocbiJiaxb. 

nouiyxHxb  see  myxHXb  1. 

nomajlja  [pAsh'^.ada]  /  -bi 
mercy,  quarter;  MOJiHXb  o 
~e  beg  for  mercy. 

nom,a;iHXb  see  luaAHTb. 

nomcKoxaxb  see  meKOxaxb. 

nomeHHHla  [pAsh*':6ch*'ina] 
/  -bi,  ~  a  slap  in  the  face 
{also  fig);  a  box  on  the  ear; 
Aaxb  KoMy-Ji.  ~y  slap  smb 
in  the  face;  box  smb's  ears. 

nomynaxb  see  mynaxb. 

no33H|n  [poez^iya]  f  -h 
poetry. 

noaivila  [poema]  /  -bi,  ~- 
poem  {a  narrative  composi- 
tion in  verse;  a  composition 
of  great  beauty). 

no3x  [poet,  -d|  m  -a,  -ob 
poet. 

noaxHHecKMH  [poet^ich''i- 
sk^'iyj  a  -an,  -oe.  -He  poet- 
ic(al). 


no9 


338  - 


noaxoMy  [pAetamu]  adv 
therefore,  that's  why;  and 
so. 

noK)  I  [pAyu],  noeiub  [pA- 
yosh,  -zh]  see  nexb. 

noK)  II   [pAyu]   see    noHXb. 

nOHBHXbCJl    see  nOHBJIHXbCH. 

nojiBjieHHle  [payi^vPe- 
n^iya]  n  -h  appearance,  emer- 
gence. 

nosiBJij^xbcn  [payi'^vl^'a- 
ttj9]  imperf  -nracb,  -nembCH, 
noflB|HxbCfl  [payi^v^ittja] 
perf  -Jiibcb,  noHBHiiibCH,  p 
-H.iCH,  -gjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  appear,  make  one's 
appearance,  show  up;  emerge 
{come  into  view). 

none  [poyas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  belt,  girdle;  2.:  no 
'^  up  to  the  waist,  waist- 
-deep,  waist-high;  3.  geog 
zone,  belt; 
<>  cnacaxejibHbiH  —  lifebelt. 

no5icHeHH|e  [payi^s^n^'e- 
n^iya]  ti  -h,  -h  explanation, 
elucidation. 

noflCHHxb  see  noHCHHXb. 

noHCHHula  [payi^s^'n^itja] 
/  -bi,  ~  the  small  of  one's 
back. 

no5icH|HXb  [payi^s^n^at^] 
imperf  -hkd,  -nemb,  noac- 
HJHXb  [payi^s^n^it^J  perf 
-K),  -HUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H 
explain,  elucidate;  exemplify, 
illustrate  by  example. 

npa....  pre f  corresp  /o 'great-' 
in  words  like:  npa6a6ymKa 
[prAbabushka]  great-grand- 
mother; npaBHyK  [pravnuk, 
-g]  great-grandson. 

npaB^la  [pravda]  I  /  -bi  1. 
truth  (that  is  told,  etc,  or  of 


what  was  said);  §xo  ^a  it  is 
the  truth;  it  is  true;  2.  jus- 
tice (rightness); 
I!  as  an  adv  really,  indeed; 
xbi  ~a  yxojiHiiib?  are  you 
really  leaving?;  h  sbohhji 
eMy,  OH  —a  66jien  I  rang 
him  up,  he  is  really  ill; 

III  parenth  true;  though;  oh, 

—  a,  y^e  yexaji  true,  he  has 
left;  H,  ~a.  He  ycxaji,  ho... 
though  I'm  not  tired,-still...; 

IV  as  a  cj    though;    HHorjta, 

—  a  peAKo  sometimes,  though 
seldom; 

<>  BceMH  -^aMH  H  HcnpaB- 
AaMH  ^  by  hook  or  by  crook; 
Hxo  ~a,  xo  -^a  there's  no 
denying  the  truth;  no  ~e 
roBOpfl  /  cKaaaxb...  to  tell 
the  truth...;  He  — a  jin?  isn't 
it  so? 

npaBAHBJbiH  [prAvd^iviy]  a 
sh  f  — ,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  truth- 
ful, upright;  2.  true  {story, 
etc);  ~biH  oxBex  honest  /  up- 
right answer. 

npaBAcnofloSHlbiH  [pravda- 
pAdobniy]  a  sh  f  npaB^ono- 
A66eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  verisimilar; 
probable,  likely. 

npaBHJi|o  [prav^ila]  n  -a, 
~  1.  rule  {of  grammar,  etc); 
2.:  ^a  BHyxpeHHero  pacno- 
pH^Ka  office  [factory,  etc] 
regulations;  ~a  yjiHMHoro 
ABH}KeHHH  traffic  regulations; 
3.  principle,  rule,  maxim; 
y  Hero  ~o  —  ne  BMeiiiHBaxb- 
CH  B  qyjKHe  AeJia  it  is  a  prin- 
ciple/maxim with  him  not 
to  interfere  in  other  people's 
affairs;  3xo  ne  b  mohx  —-ax 
this  is  contrary  to  my  prin- 


—  339  — 


npa 


ciples;  BSHTb  3a  --o  make  it 
a  rule;  bshtb  ce6e  aa  ~o 
make  a  point  of  (doing  smth); 
O  KaK  —o  as  a  rule,  usual- 

ly. 

npaBHJibHo    [prav^il^na]    I 
adv  correctly;  rightly; 
II  impers  predic  that's  right, 
right  you  are,  exactly;   it   is 
correct. 

npaBHjibHlbiH  [prav^il^niy] 
a  sh  f  npaBHJieH,  -a,    -o,    -bi 

1.  correct,  right;  proper 
(correct);  2.  regular  (1)  fea- 
tures, etc\  2)  ling). 

npaBHTejibCTBJo  [prAv^i- 
t^'il^'stvaj  n  -a,  ~  govern- 
ment (the  ministry);  US  ad- 
ministration. 

npaslHTb  [prav^'it^]  imperf 
-JiK),  -HEib,  p  -HJ7,  imp  -b  1. 
rule,  govern;  2.  drive,  steer 
(a  car,  etc). 

npaBjicHHJe  [prAvl^en^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  rule,  government; 

2.  management,  board. 
npaBJo  [prava]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 

--,  -aM  1.  right  (1)  a  just 
claim;  2)  a  thing  justly  claim- 
ed); ~o  Ha  xpyA  the  right 
to  work;  ~o  rojioca  the  right 
to  vote,  suffrage;  Bceofimee 
HsSHpaxejibHoe  --o  universal 
suffrage;  nopasceHMe  b  ~ax 
disfranchisement;  c  nojiHbiM 
-—OM  rightfully;  Bocnojibso- 
eaxbCH  CBOHM  '—OM  exercise 
one's  right;  2.  law  (a  sci- 
ence); 3.  pi:  BOAHxejibCKHe 
~ a  driver's  license; 
<>  6biTb  B  --e  have  the 
right  (to  do  smth);  na  ~ax 
Koro-ji.  as  smb,  as  if  I  [he, 
etc]  were  smb. 


npaBonHcaHH|e  [pravsp^i- 
san^iya]  n  -n  orthography. 

npaBOcyAH|e  [pravAsu- 

d'^iya]  n  -a  justice  (adminis- 
tration of  law). 

npaB|biH  I  [praviy]  a  1. 
right  (handf  side,  etc);  right- 
-hand;  2.  po/ -right-wing. 

npaB|biH  II  [praviy]  a  sh 
/  ~-,  -a  -o,  -bi  1.;  Bbi  — bi 
you  are  right;  kto  ~?  who 
is  right?;  2.  righteous,  just, 
right  (cause,  etc). 

npaBsmi,|HH  [prav^ash^iiy] 
a  [pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He  ruling 
(classes,  etc). 

npasAHHK  [praz^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -oB  holiday,  festival; 
feast,  festive  occasion;  3to 
doJibuioH  ~-  /iJiH  Hac  this  is 
a  great  occasion  for  us;  c 
— om!  many  happy  returns 
of  the  day!,  besi  wishes  of 
the  season!; 

O  Sy^eT  H  Ha  Haiiiefi   yjiHU,e 
~!   ^  our  day  will  come. 

npasAHJOBaTb  [praznavat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -yft,  OTjnpasAHOBaTb 
[AtpraznSvat^]  perf  celebrate 
(a  victory,  holiday,  etc). 

npa3AH|biH  [praznty]  a  sh 
f  npasACH,  -a,  -o  -bi  1.  idle; 
2.  fig  useless,  unnecessary, 
idle. 

npaKTHKla  [prakt^ika]  /  -h 
1.  practice  (ij  contrasted  with 
theory;  2)  at  the  piano,  etc, 
3)  of  a  doctor,  etc);  na  ~e  1) 
in  practice  {in  action),  2) 
'through  practice;  saHHMaibCH 
MeAHUHHCKOH  —OH  practisc 
medicine;  bohth  b  —y  become 
customary;  2.  practice,  meth- 


npa 


—  340  — 


od;  3.  practical  (work),  prac- 
tice; npoxoAHTb  ~ydo  prac- 
tical  (work). 

npaKTHMecKlHii  [prAkf'i- 
ch^'isk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
practical  (activity,  man,  train- 
ing, etc). 

npaKTHHHlbiH  [prAkt^'ich''- 
nty]  a  sh  f  npaKTHHeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  practical  {man,  etc);  2. 
efficient  [method,  etc);  wear- 
ing well  {of  a  fabric,  etc). 

npax  [prakh,  -qhj  m  -a 
ashes,  remains;  3Aecb  no- 
KoHTCH  ~  repoH  here  lies  a 
hero  {of  a  grave). 

npaHeHHjaji  [prach^ishnaya] 
/  -OH,  -bix  laundry  {an  estab- 
lishment). 

npaHJKa  [prach^'ka]  /  -kh, 
'CK  laundress,  washerwom- 
an. 

npe...  pref  I  of  verbs  de- 
noting an  excessive  action: 
npeyMeHbuiaTb  [pr^'ium'^i^n''- 
shat'']  underestimate,  belit- 
tle; npeB03HccHTb  [pr^'ivaznA- 
s^if*]  extol,  exalt; 
II  of  adjectives  and  adverbs 
denoting  a  high  degree  of  the 
quality:  npeA66pbiH  [pr^i^- 
dobriy]  extremely  kind. 

npe6biBaHH|e  [pr^'ibtva- 
n''iy9]  n  -h  stay,  sojourn. 

npeBsoHTH     see    npesocxo- 

AHTb. 

npcBOcxofllHTb  [pr'^ivaskhA- 
d^'it'']  imperf  npeeocxojKy, 
npeeocxoAHmb,  p  -hji,  npe- 
B30HJTM  lpr''ivzAyt*'i]  perf 
-Ay,  -Aemb,  p  npeesoiiieji, 
npeeaoiiiJia,  imp  -ah  exceed, 
surpass,  outdo,  excel;  hhc- 
;ieHHo  ~HTb  outnumber; 


<>   npeBsoHTH    caMoro     ceSa 

surpass  oneself. 

npCBOCXOAHlblH  [pr^'lVAS- 

khodniy]  a  sh  f  npeeocxoAeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  splendid,  magnif- 
icent, excellent,  perfect,  su- 
perb; 

<0>  —  aw  creneHb  ling  super- 
lative degree. 

npeBOcxoACTBlo  [pr^ivAs- 
kholstva]  n  -a  superiority;  mh- 
cjiCHHoe  ~o  numerical  supe- 
riority. 

npeBpaiMTb  see  npeepa- 
maib. 

npCBpaTHTbCJi  see  npeepa- 
maTbCH. 

npcBpamlaxb  [pr^ivrA- 

sh^iat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
npeBpaTJMTb  [pr'^ivrAt^'it*'] 
perf  npcBpamy,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  turn  {to,  into),  con- 
vert (into);  reduce  (to,  into), 

npeBpamlarbCJi  [pr^ivrA- 
sh'':atts8]  imperf  -aiocb,  -a- 
embCH,  npeBpaT|HTbC5]  [pr^i- 
vrAf'ittsa]  perf  npeepamycb, 

-HUIbCH,      p      -HJICH,       -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  turn  (into), 
change  (into,  to),  pass  (into), 
become; 

<>  ripeBpaTHTbCJi  b  cjiyx  be- 
come all  ears. 

npeBwcHTb  see  npeBbimaTb. 

npeBbiuijaTb  Ipr^'ivishat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npCBu- 
cJHTb  [pr^i^vls^'it^'l  perf  npe- 
Bbiiuy,  -Hmb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -b 
exceed  (the  target  figures, 
one's  authority,  etc). 

nperpaAJa  [pr^'i^grada]  / 
-bi,   ~  barrier,  obstacle. 

nperpaAHTb  see  nperpax- 
Aaib. 


—  341  — 


npe 


nperpawfllaxb  [pr^igrAzh- 
dat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
nperpafl'HTb  [pr^'igrAd^it**] 
perf  nperpa}Ky,  -Hiub,  p  -h.i, 
imp  -H  bar,  block  (up),  stop 
(stub's  way,  etc). 

npefl...  pref  I  of  verbs 
denoting  'before  in  time': 
npcABHAexb  [pr^i^dv^id^'it^] 
foresee; 

II  of  adjectives  and  nouns  de- 
noting'before  in  place'  or  'in 
front  of:  npeAropbe  [pr''i^d- 
gor^ya]  foot-hills;  npcAno- 
cjieAHHH  [pr^itpAs**l^ed^n^iy] 
ast  but  one,  next  to  last. 

npefla|BaTb  [pr^idAvat^] 
imperf  -ib,  -euib,  p  -bslji,  imp 
-Baft,  npefljaxb  [pr^i^dat^l 
perf  -aM,  -aiub,  -aci,  -aAHM, 
-aAHTe,  -aAyT,  p  npeAaJi,  -ajia, 
npeAajio,  npeAajiH,  imp  -aft 
1.  betray  (to  the  enemy);  2.: 
~BaTb  orHK)  commit  to  the 
flames;  —  eajb  cyAy  bring 
to  trial;  —eaTb  rjiacHOCTH 
make  known,  give  publicity 
to;  ~BaTb  3a6BeHHio  bury 
in  oblivion. 

npeAaHHOCT|b  [pr'^eda- 

nas^t*',  -z^d^]  /  -h  devotion, 
loyalty. 

npeAaHHJbiH  [pr^'edaniy]  a 
[pa\  sh  f  npeAaH,  -a.  -o,  -bi 
(npeAaH,  npeAana,  npeAano, 
npeAaHbi,  when  used  with  an 
object)  devoted,  staunch; 
--bift  BaM  yours  faithfully, 
yours  truly  (in  a  letter). 

npcAaxejilb  [pr^'i^daf'il''] 
m  -H,  -eft    traitor,    betrayer. 

npeAaTejibCTB|o  [pr^i'^da- 
t^'il^stva]  n  -a,  ~  treachery, 
betrayal,  perfidy. 


npcA^Tb  see  npeAaBaib. 

npeABapMTejibH|biH  [pr^i- 
dvAr^it^rPntyl  a  prelimina- 
ry; no  ~biM  noACMeraM  by 
rough  calculation;  -~aH  npo- 
AajKa  6HjieT0B  advance  tick- 
ets sale. 

npeAB3flT|biH  [pr^i^dvz^a- 
tiy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
biassed,  preconceived. 

npcACJi  [pr^iM^el]  m  -a, 
-OB  limit,  bound;  b  —ax... 
within...,  within  the  limits/ 
bounds  (of)\  BbiftxH  sa  ~bi 
overstep  the  limits  (of),  ex- 
ceed the  bounds  (of);  ~  )Ke- 
.naHHH  summit  of  desires; 
noJioHCHTb  —  qeMy-ji.  put  an 
end  to  smth. 

npcAejibHbift  [pr^i^d^el^nty] 
a  maximum,  utmost;  ~  cpoK 
time-limit. 

npcAHCJioBHle  [pr^id^islo- 
v^'iya]  n  -h,  -ft  preface,  fore- 
word. 

npCAJiarjaTb  [pr^idlAgaf"] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npcAJio- 
jKJHTb  [pr^'idlAzhtt^'l  perf  -y, 
npeA-noacHiiib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
1.  offer  (to  help,  etc);  2.  pro- 
pose, move;  suggest  (doing 
smth,  a  plan,  etc);  —axb 
BHHMaHHK)  bring  forward, 
call  (smb's)  attention  (to 
smth);  3.  order  (command); 
eMy  npeA^OHCHJiH  CACJiaib 
310  HeMeAJieMHo  he  was  or- 
dered to  do  it   immediately. 

npcAJior  I  [pr^i^dlok,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  pretext,  pretence, 
excuse,  plea. 

npcAJior  II  [pr^i^dlok,  -g] 
m  -a.  -OB  ling  preposi- 
tion. 


npe 


342 


npejiJioweHHle  I  [pr^idU- 
zhen'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  offer; 
2.  proposal,  motion;  sugges- 
tion (1 )  an  act  of;  2)  an 
idea);  bhccth  — e  put  forward 
a  proposal,  make  a  motion, 
move,  propose;  3.  proposal 
(of  marriage);  cAejiaxb  —  e 
AeeymKe  propose  to  a  girl; 
4.  econ  supply. 

npcfljioKeHHe  II  [pr^idU- 
zhen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  lin^  sen- 
tence; clause. 

npeAJiojKMTb  see  npeA.na- 
raib. 

npeflMecTJbe  [pr^'iMm^e- 
s'^f'ya]  n  -bH,  -hh  suburb. 

npeAMCT  [pr^iMm'^et,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  object  (a  thing); 
article  (a  commodity);  —u 
LUHpoKoro  noipeSjieHHH  con- 
sumer goods;  2.  subject,  top- 
ic, theme;  —  cnopa  issue, 
pofnt  at  issue;  3.  subject 
(of  instruction). 

npeAHasHanjaTb  [pr^idnaz- 
nAch^'at'^l  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
npejlHaBHanlHTb  [pr^iduAzna- 
ch^'it'']  perf  -y,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  intend  {for),  destine 
{for),  mean  (for);  set  aside 
ifor),  earmark  (for). 

npefljoK  [pr^edak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  ancestor,  forefather. 

npeflocTaBHTb  see  npeAocia- 

B.THTb. 

npeAOCTaBji|«Tb  [pr^ida- 
stAvl^'at'']  imperf  -hk),  -neujb, 
npe;iocTaB  HTb  [pr'^idAsta- 
v'^it'']  perf  -j\K),  -HUJb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  1.  give,  grant;  place 
at  smb's  disposal;   2.:    —nib 

KOMy-Jl.        Bbl6op    "   B        MCM-JI. 

leave  smth  to  smb's  choice; 


eMy  npe^ocTaBHJiH  caMOMy 
peiiiHTb  3T0  the  decision  was 
left  to  him; 

<>  ~«Tb  cjioBo  Koiy-ji.  give 
smb  the  floor,  let  smb  have 
the  floor. 

npefl0CTeper|aTb  [pr^ida- 
3b|bjj.fajeg^^bj  itnperf  -aio,  -a- 
euib,  npeflocTepe|Hb  [pr^ida- 
s^'t^i^r^ech^]  joe/-/  -ry, -H<euib, 
p  npe/tocieper  -rjia,  imp 
-FH  caution  {against),  warn 
{against). 

npeAOCTepe«eHH|e  [pr'^ida- 
s^t^ir^i^zhen^iya]  n  -h,  -h 
warning,  caution. 

npeiiocTepeHb  see  npcAO- 
cieperaxb. 

npeAOCTOpojKHocTlb  [pr^i- 
dastArozhnas'^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h, 
-eft  precaution;  h3  ~h  out 
of  caution;  Mepu  —h  precau- 
tions, precautionary  meas- 
ures. 

npe;iOTBpaTHTb  see  npeAOT- 
Bpamaxb. 

npeAOTBpamiaTb  [pr^idat- 
vrAsh^at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
npeAOiBparlHTb  [pr^'idalvrA- 
t'^it'^J  perf  npeAOTBpamy, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  avert, 
stave  off,  ward  off,  pre-' 
vent. 

npeAoxpaHHTejijb  [pr^'ida- 
khrAn^if'il^]  m-H,  -eft  technol 
safety  lock,  safety  (device); 
safety-bolt;  electr  (safety) 
fuse. 

npeAOxpaHHTb  see  npeAo- 
xpaHHTb. 

npeAoxpaH|flTb[pr^idakhrA- 
n^'at^i  imperf  -hkd,  -neiub, 
npcAoxpaH  HTb  fpr'^idakhrA- 
n'^it'']  perf  -w,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 


343 


npe 


imp  -H  protect  (from, 
against),     preserve     (from). 

npe^nojiar  |aTb  [pr^itpalA- 
gat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
npCAnojioaciHTb  [pr^itpalA- 
zhlt^]  perf  -y,  npeAnojio- 
jKHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  sup- 
pose; believe,  think  (that...); 
surmise,  conjecture;  assume 
(that...);  2.  {no  perf)  intend, 
contemplate,  plan,  propose 
{to  do);  be  going  {to  do);  3. 
{no  perf)  presuppose. 

npeAnojio«eHH|e  [pr^itpa- 
lAzhen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  supposi- 
tion, speculation;  assump- 
tion. 

npertitojioKHTb  see  npe^no- 
jiaraxb  1. 

npe;inocjieAHlHM  [pr^itpA- 
s^Ped^n^iy]  a  last  but  one, 
next  to  last. 

npeiinoHecTb     see     npe^no- 

HHTaib. 

npe^moHHTJaTb  [pr^itpa- 
ch^itat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
npeAnoHJecTb  [pr^itpA- 

ch^es^t^]  perf  -xy,  -xemb,  p 
-eji,  -jia,  imp  -th  prefer,  like 
better;  h  —aio  hati^  neiuKoM 
1  prefer  walking,  I'd  rather 
walk. 

npeflnpHHMHHBJbiH  [pr^it- 
pr^iimch^ivty]  a  sh  f  — ,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  enterprising. 

npeflnpHHHMaTeji|b  [pr^it- 
pr^in^imat^iP]  m  -h,  -eft 
employer,  proprietor. 

npennpHHHMlatb  [pr^itpr^i- 
nMmat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npe;inpHJH«Tb  [pr^itpr^in^at^j 
perf  -My,  npeAnpHMeuib,  p 
npeAnpHHHJi,  -HJiJia,  npCA- 
npHHJiJio,  npeAnpHHHJjH,  imp 


-MH  undertake  {a  journey, 
etc);  launch  {an  attack,  etc); 
--axb  uiarH  take  steps. 

npeAnpH^THie  [pr^itpr^iya- 
t^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  enterprise, 
factory,  works;  2,  undertak- 
ing, enterprise,  business. 

npeApaccyA|0K  [pr^idrAssu- 
dak,  -g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  preju- 
dice {religious,  etc). 

npcAceAaxeji I b  [pr^its^i^da- 
t^il^]  m  -H,  -eft  chairman; 
chairwoman. 

npcACKasaxb  see  npcACKa- 
sbiBaxb. 

npeACKa3biB|axb  [pr^i^tska- 
zfvat^]  imperf  -aio;  -aeuib, 
npeACKajsaxb  Ipr^itskAzat"^] 
perf  -y^y,  npeACKa}Kemb,  p 
-saji,  imp  -JKH  foretell,  pre- 
dict, forecast. 

npeAcxaBHxeji|b  [pr^itstA- 
v^itiP]  m  -H,  -eft  represent- 
ative {of  a  firm,  class,  etc); 
spokesman. 

npeAcxaBHxejibH'ibiH  fpr^it- 
stAv^it^iPniy]  a  sh  f  npeA- 
cxasHxejieH,  -a.  -o,  -bi  1.  {no 
sh  f)  pol  representative;  2. 
impressive,  dignified,  impos- 
ing {appearance,  etc). 

npcACxaBHXb  see  npeACxae- 
jiHXb  1,  2,  3,  5.  6. 

npeACxacHXbCH  see  npeA- 
cxaejiflXbCH. 

npcACxaBJiCHHle  [pr^itstAv- 
l^en^'iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  presen- 
tation, handing  in  {of  docu- 
ments, etc);  2.  theat  perform- 
ance; 3.  notion,  idea  {of, 
about  smth);  hh  Majieftmero 
~H  not  the  slightest  idea. 

npeACxaBjijflxb  [pr^itstAv- 
Paf^l    imperf     -hk),     -neuib, 


npe 


344 


npcAcxaBHTb  [pr^'i^tstav^'it^] 
perf  -R\o,  -Muib,  p  -HJi,  Imp 
-b  1.  produce  {evidence,  a 
document);  present,  hand  in 
(a  document,  etc);  submit  {for 
consideration,  etc);  2.  present, 
offer  {some  difficulty,  etc); 
—  HTb  HHxepec  [ueHHOcTb]  be 
of  interest  [value];  3.  intro- 
duce {smb  to  smb);  4.  [no 
perf)  represent  {smb,  smb's 
interests,  etc);  5.:  npeAcra- 
BHTb  Koro-Ji.  K  Harpafle  re- 
commend smb  for  a  decora- 
tion [reward];  6.  imagine, 
conceive,  fancy,  picture,  real- 
ize; npeACTaBb(Te)  ce6e  Moe 
BosMymeHHe  imagine  how 
indignant  I  was;  Tbi  caM 
~Hemb,  MTo  H3  3Toro  nojiy- 
MHTCH  you  yourself  realize  / 
you  can  imagine  what  will 
come  of  it;  h  —hio  ce6e  ero 
eapocjibiM  I  imagine  him  as 
a  grown-up  man;  7.  {no  perf): 
'-HTb  co66h  MTo-Ji.  be  smth; 
represent  smth;  mo  oh  co66h 
'—HeT?  what  is  he  like?,  what 
kind  of  person  is  he?; 
«0^  npeflCTaBb(Te)  (ce6e)  just 
imagine. 

npeflCTaBJi|«TbCJi[pr^itstAi^- 
l^'attja]  imperf  -Hioch*  -Heiub- 
CH,npeACTaB|HTbca  [pr^i^tsta- 
v^ittja]  perf  -Jiracb,  -Huib- 
CH.  p  -HJicH,  -Hjiacb,  imp 
-bCH,  -bxecb  1.  introduce 
oneself;  2.  present  itself, 
occur,  arise,  offer  itself  {of 
an  opportunity,  etc). 

npeACTOJ^Tb  [pr^itstAyat**] 
imperf  -ht,  p  -hji  be  in  pros- 
pect, be  coming,  will  take 
place;     HaM    [eaw    u    m.  d.\ 


~HT...  we  [you,  etc]  are 
to  {do  smth),  we  [you,  etc] 
are  faced  with  {smth),  we 
[you,  etc]  will  have  to  {do 
smth). 

npeflySe^fleHHJe  [pr^idub^i^- 
zhd^en^iya]  n  -h,  -h  preju- 
dice (a^a/Ms/),  h'ms  {against); 

OTHOCHTbCH        K         KOMy-JI.       C 

~eM  be  biassed  against 
smb. 

npeAynpeAHTejibHJbiH  [pr^i- 
dupr^i^^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f 
npeAynpeAHTCJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  {no  sh  f)  precautionary, 
preventive;  2.  obliging, atten- 
tive; courteous. 

npeflynpeflHTb  see  npCAy- 
npejKAaxb. 

npeAynpe)KA|aTb  [pr^'idu- 
pr^i^zhdat^]  imperf  -aio, 
-aeuib,  npe;iynpefl|HTb  [pr^i- 
dupr^'i^d^it^]  perf  npcAynpe- 
>Ky,     -Huib,    p    -HJI,    imp    -H 

1.  let  know  (beforehand); 
give  notice,  n6tify;  warn 
{1)  that...,  about;  2)  against); 

2.  prevent,  avert  {an  accident, 
etc);  3.  anticipate,  forestall 
{smb,  events,  etc). 

npeAynpoKAeHHJe  [pr^idu- 
pr^i^zhd^en^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  1. 
warning;  notice,  notification; 
2.  prevention. 

npCAycMaTpHBlaxb  [pr^'idu- 
smatr^ivat^]  imperf  -aio, 
-aeiiib,  npeAycMOTpjexb  [pr^^i- 
dusmAtr^et**]  perf  -k>,  npe- 
AycMOTpHuib,  p  -eji,  imp  -h 
foresee;  provide  for,  make 
provision  for;  envisage,  stip- 
ulate. 

npcAHyBCTBHle  [pr''i^t''ch''u- 


s''t''v''iya] 


H,      -H     pre- 


-  345  - 


npe 


sentiment,  foreboding,  mis- 
giving. 

npeAuiecTBCHHHK  [pr'^i^t- 
shes^t^v^m^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
predecessor,  fore-runner,  pre- 
cursor. 

npe;mjecTB|oBaTb  [pr^i^t- 
shestyvat^]  imperf  -yex,  p 
-oBaji  precede,  forego,  fore- 
-run. 

npejimecTByiomlHH  [pr^i^t- 
shestvuyush'^-.iy]  a  [pa]  -an, 
-ee,  -He  former,  previous, 
preceding. 

npeATjABHTb    see    npeAi^HB- 

JIHTb. 

npCfl-bflBjilHTb  [pr^idyi^v- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hk),  -neiub, 
npcfl-bJiBlHTb  [pr^idyi^v^it^] 
perf  -jiK),  npeA'tHBHuib,  p  -h;i, 
imp  -H  1.  produce,  show  {docu- 
ments, proofs,  etc);  2.:  --HTb 
npexeHSHH  put  forward  pre- 
tensions /  claims;  lay  claim 
{to  smth);  — HTb  npaBO  Ha 
HTO-ji.     lay    claim    to  smth; 

--HTb       BblCOKHe        [60JIbIlIHe] 

Tpe6oBaHKH  K...  make  high 
[great]  demands  on...,  de- 
mand much  of...;  ~-HTb  o6- 
BHueHHH  KOMy-ji.  charge  smb 
{with  smth). 

npeAbiityiUJHH  [pr^ididu- 
sh^'iiy]  a  -an,  -ee,  -He  pre- 
vious {letter,  lesson,  etc); 
Ha  —efl  HCAeJie  last  week; 
B  ~eM  roAy  [MecHue]  last 
year   [month]. 

npCMiie  [pr^ezhd^i]  1  adv 
before,  formerly,  in  former 
times;  ~  naAO  npoHHxaTb 
3TO  first  you  must  read  this; 
11  prep  with  gen  before 
{smb); 


<>  ^  Bcero  first  of  all;  first 
and  foremost;  above  all;  ^ 
HCM  before. 

npeiKH|HH  [pr'^ezhn^'iy]  a 
previous,  former;  b  ^-ee  spe- 
MH  in  the  old  days,  in  form- 
er times. 

npesHjieHT  [pr^iz^id^ent, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  president  {of 
a  republic,  academy  of  sci- 
ences). 

npesMflHyM  [pr^i'^z^'id^iumj 
m  -a,  -OB  presidium. 

npesHpjaTb  [pr^'iz^irat^j 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb  1.  despise, 
scorn,  disdain,  hold  in  con- 
tempt; 2.  defy,  disdain. 

npe3peHH|e  [pr^i^zr^e- 

n^iy9]  n  -h  I.  contempt, 
scorn,  disdain;  2.  defiance, 
disdain. 

npe3pHTejibH|biH  [pr^i^zr^i- 
t^il^nty]  a  sh  f  npeapHxe- 
jiCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  contemptuous, 
scornful,  disdainful. 

npeHMymecTBJQ      [pr^iimu- 
sh^:istva]  n  -a,  ~  advantage 
{over),  superiority  {over); 
<>    no    ~y  mostly,    chiefly, 
for  the  most  part. 

npeKJiOHHbiH  [pr^i^klonnty] 
a:   ~  Bospacx  old  age. 

npeKjioH|«TbC5i  [pr^iklA- 
n^attja]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -Heuib- 
ch:  ~HXbCH  nepe;^  kcm-ji. 
[nepeA  ^em-Ji.]  worship,  ad- 
mire smb   [smth.]. 

npeKpacHJbiH  [pr^'i^krasnty] 
a  sh  f  npeKpaceH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
1.  beautiful,  fine;  2,  excel- 
lent; 

<>  B  OAHH  ~biH  ACHb  one 
fine  day;  b  oaho  —oe  yrpo 
one  fine  morning. 


npe 


-  346- 


npcKpaTHTb  see  npexpa- 
maTb. 

npeKpaxHTbCH  see  npeKpa- 
maxbCH. 

npCKpamlaTb  [pr^'ikrA- 

sh^'-.at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
npeKpaT|HTb  [pr^ikrAt^'it''] 
perf  npeKpaiuy.  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  stop,  cease,  discon- 
tinue; put  an  end  to;  break 
off,  sever;  drop  (an  argu- 
ment, inquiry);  npenpaTHTb 
noflany  sjieKiposHeprHH  -cut 
off  the  electricity. 

npeKpamlaxbCH  [pr^ikrA- 
sh^:atts9]  imperf  -aeiCH,  npe- 
KpaT{HTbC5i       [pr^ikrAt^itts^] 

perf      -HTCH,      p        -HJICH,       -H- 

jiacb  cease,  end,  come  to 
an  end. 

npejiecTHibiH  [pr^i^l^esnty] 
a  sh  f  npeJiecTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
charming,  delightful,  lovely. 

npejiecT|b  [pr^el^is^t^, 

-z^d'']  /  -H  charm,  fascina- 
tion; KaKan  ~b!  charming!, 
lovely! 

npeMHpJGBaTb  [pr^im^irA- 
vaf*]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -osaji,  imp  -yft 
give  a  bonus  /  premium  {for 
good  work,  etc);  ~OBaTb 
»ieM-ji.  award  smth  as  a 
prize. 

npeMHJfl  [pr^em^'iyo]  /  -h, 
-H  prize,  reward,  bonus; 
premium;  npHcy^HTb  — lo 
award  a  prize  /  bonus. 

npewbepla  [pr^'i^m^'yera]  / 
-H,  ~  theat  first  night;  new 
production. 

npcHeSperjaTb  [pr^in^i- 
br'' i ^gat** ] /mper/ -aio,  -aemb, 
npeHe6p|e4b  [pr''in^i^br^ech''l 


oerf  -ery,  -e)Keuib,  p  npene- 
6per,  -erJia,  imp  -erH  1.  neg- 
lect, disregard  {one's  duties, 
etc);  2.  ignore,  scorn  {smb's 
opinion,  advice,  etc). 

npeHeSpewHxejibHJbiH  [pi'^'i- 
n^ibr^i^zhft^iPniy]  q  sh  f 
npeHe6pe>KTiTejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
scornful,  slighting. 

npeneSpeHb     see    npenedpe- 
raxb. 

npeHHJfl  [pr^en^iya]  pi  -i* 
debate,  discussion. 

npeo6jia;i|axb  [pr^iAblA- 
dat^]  imperf  -aex  prevail, 
predominate  {over). 

npeojiojieB  axb  [pr^iAdaPi^- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npeoAOJi|exb  [pr^iAdApet^j 
perf  -ho,  -eeiiib  overcome, 
get  over  {difficulties,  etc); 
surmount,  negotiate  {obsta- 
cles); npeoAOJiexb  oTCxaeaHHe 
make  good  a  lag. 

npenoflaBaxeji|b  [pr^ipadA- 
vaf'il*']  m  -51,  -eft  teacher; 
instructor. 

npenoAaleaxb  [pr^ipadA- 
vat^]  imperf  -ib,  -eiub,/? -Baji, 
imp  -Ban  teach  {!)  Russian, 
mathematics,  etc;  2)  at  an  in- 
stitute, etc). 

npenoflHecxH    see    npenoA- 

HOCHXb. 

npenoAHOcJHxb  [pr^ipadnA- 
s^it'']  imperf  npenoAHomy, 
npenoAHocHiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  npenoflHec'iXH  [pr^ipad- 
j^bjegb^bj-j     pg^^     .^^     -euib,  p 

npenoAHec,  -Jia,  imp  -h  1. 
present,  make  a  present  of; 
2,  fig  col:  npenoAHCCXH  ciop- 
npH3  KOMy-ji.  give  smb  a 
surprise;     npenoAHecxH      ho- 


—  347  — 


npH 


BOCTb  KOMy-Ji.  bring  smb 
news  (mostly  bad). 

npennrcTBHle  [pr^i^p^atst^- 
v^iya]  n  -h,  -h  obstacle,  im- 
pediment, hindrance;  npe- 
oflojiexb  ~e  overcome  an  ob- 
stacle (also  fig);  surmount  / 
negotiate    an  obstacle. 

npenflTCTB|oBaTb  [pr^i^p^a- 
tjtyvat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib, 
p '  -osaji,  imp  -yft  hinder, 
hamper,    lay  obstacles    (to). 

npepBaxb  see  npepbisaTb. 

npepbiBJarb  [pr^irivat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  npepB|aTb 
[pr^i^rvat^]  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  -an,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajin,  imp 
-H  interrupt,  break  (off);  cut 
off    (a    telephone  connexion). 

npecjieflloBaxb  [pr^i^s^Pe- 
d8V9t^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib, 
p  -osaji,  imp  -yfi  1.  pursue, 
chase,  be  after;  2.  fig  haunt 
(of  thoughts,  etc);  3.  perse- 
cute, victimize;  4.  law  pros- 
ecute; 5.  pursue  (one's  own 
ends,  object,  etc). 

npecjiOByTbiH[pr'islAvutiy] 
a  notorious. 

npecH|biH  [pr'esniy]  a  sh  f 
npeceH,  -a,  -o,  -u  fresh,  sweet 
(water)',  unflavoured,  insipid. 

npeccja  [pr^essa]  /  -w  press 
(periodicals  and  the  people  who 
work  for  them). 

npecTynjie^HJe  [pr^istup- 
l^en^iya]  n  -a,  -fl  crime, 
offence,  felony;  yrojiosHoe 
'-e  criminal  offence. 

npecxynHHK  [pr^i^stupn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  criminal,  of- 
fender, felon. 

npereHAloBaTb  [pr^it^mdA- 
vat'']  imperf    -yio,    -yeiub,  p 


-OBaji,  imp  -yft  lay  claim 
(to),  have  a  claim  (on),  pre- 
tend (to). 

npeieHSHlfl  [pr^i^t^en^- 
z'iya]  /  -H,  -ft  claim,  pre- 
tension; comp-laint,  griev- 
ance; aaHBHTb  -^-K)  no  noBO- 
Ay  Meroji.  make  a  complaint 
about  smth; 

<>  6biTb  B  —11  Ha  Koro-ji. 
have  a  grudge  against  smb, 
bear  smb  a  grudge. 

npeyBejiHHHBJaTb  [pr^iu- 
v^i^l^ich^ivat^]  imperf  -aio, 
-aeuib,  npeyBejiHH|HTb  [pr^iu- 
v^i^Pich^it^]  perf  -y,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJi  exaggerate,  magnify, 
overstate. 

npH  [pr^i;  in  a  stressed 
position  —  pr^i]  prep  with  pr 
denoting  1.  close  vicinity:  — 
Aopore  near  /  by  the  road; 
6HTBa  —  BopOAHHe  battle  of 
Borodino;  npri  CMepxH  on  the 
verge  of  death,  dying;  —  no- 
cjie^HeM  HSAbixaHHH  at  one's 
last  gasp,  dying;  2.  the  state 
of  being  attached  to:  -^ 
HHCTHTyxe  (ecTb)  o6me^HTHe 
there  is  a  hostel  attached  to 
the  institute;  oh  hchbct  — 
cxaHUHH  his  house  is  attached 
to  the  station;  3.  the  fact 
that  smth  is  taking  place  in 
a  person's  presence:  AaBaftie 
cAe.JiaeM  sto  —'  hhx  let's  do 
it  in    their    presence;  --  ;;e- 

T5IX   [nOCTOpOHHHX     u     m.   n.\ 

in  front  of  /  before  children 
[strangers,  etc];  4.  an  epoch: 
~'  HBane  FposHOM  under 
Ivan  the  Terrible;  —  Flyiii- 
KHHe  in  Pushkin's  time;  -^ 
coBexcKOH    BjiacxH  under  So- 


npH 


—  348 


viet  Government;  after  the 
Revolution;  9tot  aom  cxpo- 
HJiH  —  MHe  this  house  was 
built  when  I  was  /  lived 
there;  5.  the  circumstances 
of  an  action:  ~  ceeie  4)o- 
HapH  by  the  light  of  a  lan- 
tern; ~-  CHjibHOM  Bexpe  when 
a  strong  wind  is  blowing; 
6.  possession,  availability  of 
smth:  CKoJibKo  y  Te6H  flener 
-—  ce6e?  how  much  money 
have  you  got  about  you?; 
~  ^eJiauHM  given  the  de- 
sire; ~  ero  cnoc66HocTHx  oh 
Mor  6bi  cAeJiaib  3to  JiyMUie 
with  his  abilities  he  could 
have  done  it  better;  ~  Bceft 
CBoeft  CHJie  OH  He  mop  ot- 
Kpb'iTb-  ABepb  for  all  his 
strength  he  could  not  open 
the  door;  7.:  ~  noMomn 
with  the  help  {of);  ~  coach- 
CTBHH  Apyaefl  with  one's 
friends*  assistance  /  help. 

npM...  pref  I  of  verbs  de- 
noting 1.  completion  of  an 
action  at  a  certain  point: 
npHUJibiTb  [pr^'ipHt*']  swim 
up,  come  swimming;  npH- 
rnaxb  [pr^ignat^]  drive  home, 
bring  home  {cattle,  etc); 
2.  achievement  of  a  certain 
result:  npHyqHTb[pr*'iuch*'it^l 
train,  school  {to  smth,  to  be 
smth);  npHKOHMHTb  [pr^ikon''- 
ch^it**]  finish  off;  3.  conti- 
guity, contact,  approaching, 
drawing  near:  npHCxasHTb 
lpr''istav*'it*']  set  {against), 
put  {against);  npHTp6HyTbC5! 
[pr^itronuttja]  touch  {smth); 
4.  connecting,  fastening  to- 
gether:   npHAejiaxb    (pr^'id^'e- 


bt^]  attach  {to),  fix  {to); 
npHiBHTb  [pr'ishft^]  sew  {on, 
to);  5.  addition:  npHKyuHib 
Ipr^ikup^it^]  buy  some  more; 
6.  partial  character  of  an 
action:  npHOiKpb'iTb  [pr^'iAt- 
krit^]  open  slightly,  half- 
-open;  set  ajar; 
11  of  nouns  &  adjectives  de- 
noting position  close  to  smth: 
npHMopbe  [pr^imor^ya]  sea 
country,  littoral;  npHropoA- 
HbiH  [pr^igaradnty]  subur- 
ban. 

npH6aBHTb  see  npHdaBJiHXb. 

npHSaBjij^Tb  [pr^ibAvl^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  npH6a- 
elHTb  [pr^ibav^'it*']  perf  -jiio, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  1.  add 
{smth  to  smth);  2.:  ~HTb 
aapnjiaxy  raise  the  wages; 
~HTb  mary  hasten  one's 
steps,  increase  one's  pace; 
~HTb  cKopocTb  increase 
speed. 

npH6er|aTb  I  [pr^'ib^'i^gat*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  iipM- 
6em\aTb  [pr^'ib^i^zhat^]  perf 
npH6ery,  -Huib,  p  -aji,  imp 
npH6erH  come  running  /  hast- 
ily. 

npHSerjaxb  II  [pr^ib^i^- 
gat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npM6er|HyTb  [pr^'ib^egnut**] 
perf  -ny,  -neuib,  p  -nyji  (~), 
-jia,  imp  -HH  resort  {to),  fall 
back  {upon). 

npH6emaTb  see  npHSeraxb  I. 

npM6MB|aTb  fpr'^ib'^ivat^J 
imperf  -aio,  -aeujb,  npMSlHTb 
[pr^ib^'it'^l  perf  -bib,  -beuib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -eft  1.  nail,  fas- 
ten with  nails;  2.  {mostly 
impers)  wash    ashore,    drive 


349 


npH 


ashore,  throw  on  to  the 
shore. 

npH6;iH%!aTbc$i  [pr^ibl^i- 
zhattjaj  linperf  -aiocb,  -aeiub- 
CH,  npH6jiH3|HTbC5i  [pr^'ibl^'i- 
z^'ittsa]     perf     npH6jiH}Kycb, 

-HlUbCH,      p      -HJICH,       -HJiaCb, 

imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  approach, 
come  /  draw  nearer,  near. 

npH6;iH3HTejibHO  [pr^ibl^i- 
z^'it^il^na]  adv  approximate- 
ly, roughly;  sHaxb  mo-j\.  secb- 
Ma  -'  have  a  vague  idea  of 
smth. 

npH6jiM3HTejibH|biH  [pr^i- 
bl*'iz^it'il''nty]as/i/  npH6;iH- 
SHxejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  approxi- 
mate, rough. 

npH6jiH3HTbCfi  see  npH6jiH- 
waibCH. 

npM66|H  [pr^ib6y[  m  -h 
surf;  breakers  (waves). 

npH66p  [pr^ibor]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  instrument,      apparatus; 

2.  set  {dinner,  tea,  etc). 
npM6biBlaTb      [pr^'ibtvat^] 

imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  npM6|biTb 
[pr^ibtt^J  perf  -yjiy,  -yjiemb, 
p  npH6biji,  -bijia,  npH6bmo, 
npridbiJiH,  imp  -y^b  1.  arrive, 
come;  2.  increase,  grow;  rise; 
swell  (of  water). 

npH6bi;i|b  [pr^ibil^]  m  -h, 
-eft  profit{s). 

npH6uTb  see  npHfiHBaxb. 

npHBaji  [pr^'ival]  m  -a, 
-OB  halt  (during  a  march, 
hike). 

npHsesTH  see  npHBOSHib. 

npHBepeAJiHB|biH  [pr^iv^i^- 
r^ed^l^iviy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  fastidious,  squeamish. 

npHBepKCHJei;  [pr^iv^er- 
ghan^its,    -d^j    m    -ua,    -uee 


adherent,    follower,  support- 
er. 

npuBecTH  see  npHSOAHTb. 

npHBCT  [pr^iv^et,  -d]  m 
-a.  -OB  regard(s);  nepe^aBarb 
~  KOMy-Ji.  send  /  give  smb 
one's  (kind)  regards;  nepe- 
iiaftxe  —  Bameft  cecxpe  my 
(best)  regards  to  your  sister, 
my  love  to  your  sister,  re- 
member   me    to    your  sister. 

npHBeTjiHB|biH  [pr^iv^et^- 
l^iviy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o^  -u 
friendly,  affable. 

npnBexcxB|oBaxb  fpr^iv^e- 
tstyvat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeiub, 
p  -OBaji,  imp  -yfi  1.  greet; 
welcome,  hail  (also  fig);  2. 
mil  salute. 

npHBHB|aTb  [pr^iv^'ivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npHBHib 
[pr^iv^'it^]  perf  -bib,  -beiub, 
p  -HJi,  -HJia,  -HJio,  -HJiH,  imp 
-eft  1.  bot  (en)graft;  2.  med 
inoculate  with;  vaccinate 
with;  3.  fig  inculcate,  im- 
part {a  habit,  love  for,  etc). 

npHBHB|Ka  [pr^iv^'ifka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  bot  inoculation, 
grafting;  2.  med  inoculation; 
vaccination. 

npHBHXb  see  npHBHsaxb. 

npHBKyc  [pr^'ifkus,  -z]  m 
-a  smack,  flavour  (also  fig). 

npHBjieKaxejibHJUH  [pr^i- 
vPi^kat^il^nty]  a  sh  f  npH- 
BJieKaxejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  attrac- 
tive, winning;  alluring,  in- 
viting. 

npHBjieK|axb  [pr^ivl^i®- 
kat*"]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
npHBJie|Hb  [pr^ivl^'ech'']  perf 
-Ky,  -qemb,  -Kyx,  p  npHBJieK, 
-KJia,  imp    -KH    1.    draw,  al- 


npH 


350  — 


tract;  2.  draw  in,  enlist; 
~aTb  Ha  CBOK)  CTopOHy  win 
over  /  round;  3.:  ~-aTb  k 
cyAy  put  on  trial,  bring  to 
trial,  take  to  court;   —axb  k 

yrOJIOBHOH       OTBeiCTBeHHOCTH 

start /take  criminal  proceed- 
ings against;  prosecute. 

npHBOfl|HTb  [pr^ivAd^it^] 
imperf  npHBOJKy,  npHBOAHiub, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  npHBelcTH 
Ipr^iv^'i^s^t^i]  perf  -Ay, 
-AeiiJb,  p  npHBeji,  -Jia,  imp 
-AH  1.  bring  {smh  somewhere, 
mostly  on  foot);  2.  lead  {of 
footprints,  etc,  also  fig);  sxo 
npHBCJio  K  neqajibHbiM  no- 
cJieACTBHJiM  it  led  to  unfor- 
tunate results;  ■  3.  adduce, 
cite;  npHBecTH  npHMep  give  / 
cite  an  example;  npHsecTH 
HTo-Ji.  B  npHMep  cite  smth 
as  an  example;  4.:  — htb  b 
6emeHCTB0  throw  into  a  rage, 
drive  mad;  ~HTb  b  npocib 
infuriate;  ~HTb  b  y>Kac  hor- 
rify; ~HTb  b  HsyMJieHHe  sur- 
prise, astonish;  ^-htb  b  ot- 
qaHHHe  drive  to  despair; 
^HTb-  Koro-Ji.  b  qyecTBO 
bring  smb  to  his  senses; 
~HTb  b  HeroAHOCTb  put  out 
of  commission,  make  useless; 

~HTb  B  COOTBCTCTBHe  C  WeM-JI. 

bring  to  conformity  with 
smth;  bring  in  correspond- 
ence with  smth;  5.  math: 
~HTb  K  66meMy  anaMena- 
TCJiio  reduce  to  a  common 
denominator. 

npMB03|HTb  [pr^ivAz'^it^] 
imperf  npHBO>Ky,  npHBosHuib, 

P       -HJI,      imp      -H,      IlpHBe3|TH 

(pr''iv''i^s''t''i]  perf  -y,  -euib, 


p  npHBea,  -Jia,  imp  -h  bring 
(by  vehicle). 

npHEbiKJaTb  [pr^ivikat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aetub,  npHSbiK- 
H|yTb  [pr^ivfknut^]  perf  -y, 
'euib,  p  npHBbiK,  npHBbiKJia, 
imp  -H  get  accustomed  /  used 
(to);  get  into  the  way  (of 
doing  smth);  be  accustomed  / 
used  (to). 

npHBbiHlKa  [pr^ivtch^ka]  / 
-KH,  -CK  habit  (of  doing 
smth,  etc);  no  (cxapoH)  ~Ke 
out  of  habit,  by  force  of  hab- 
it; HMCTb  ~Ky  AeJiaxb  mo-Ji. 
be  in  the  habit  of  doing 
smth,  be  accustomed  to  doing 
smth;  9T0  Bomjio  y  Hero  s 
— Ky  it  has  become  a  habit 
with  him. 

npHB^3aHH0CT|b  [pr^iv^a- 
zanas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -eft  at- 
tachment (to,  for),  affection 
(for,  towards). 

npMBflsaTb  see  npHBHSbi- 
Baxb. 

npHB^3biB|aTb  [pr^iv^azi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npHBH3|aTb  [pr^'iv^i^zat^] 
perf  npHBHHcy,  npHBH^euib, 
p  -aji,  imp  npHBH>KH  tie, 
bind,  fasten  (to  smth). 

npHFjiacMTb  see  npnrjia- 
maib. 

npHrjiamjaTb  [pr^iglAshat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npHrjia- 
c|HTb  [pr^iglAS^'it^]  joer/ npH- 
rjiamy,  -Huib,  p    -hji,  imp  -h 

1.  invite,  ask  (to  dinner,  etc); 

2.  engage  (for  service);  —  aib 
Ha  pa66Ty  offer  work. 

npMrjiauieHHle  [pr^'iglAshe- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  invitation; 
2.  engagement   (for   service). 


351  — 


npH 


npHroBapMB|aTb  [pr^igAva- 
r^ivat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npHroBOp|MTb  [pr^igavAr^it^] 
perf  -K),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  sentence  {to),  condemn 
ito). 

npHroBop  [pr^igAvor]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  law  sentence,  judge- 
ment; verdict;  BbinecTH  ~ 
pass  (a)  sentence  (on);  npH- 
secTH  --  B  HcnojiHCHHe  exe- 
cute a  sentence;  2.  fig  con- 
demnation, verdict. 

npHroBopHTb  see  npHrosa- 
p'HBaxb. 

npHroAJHTbcsi  [pr^igAd^i- 
tts9]  perf  npHFOH^ycb,  -iimbCH, 
p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  be  of  use,  come  in 
useful,  come  in  handy,  prove 
useful,  stand  (smb)  in  good 
stead. 

npHropo;;  [pr^igarat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  suburb. 

iipHroTaBjiHB|aTb  [pr^igA- 
tavl^ivat^]  imperf -am,  -aemb, 
npHroTOBlHTb  [pr^igAtov^it^j 
perf  -JiKD,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-b  1.  prepare,  make  ready; 
2.  cook  (food);  make,  fix  {din- 
ner, etc). 

npMroTOBji|flTb  [pr^igatAv- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hk),  -neuib  = 
npHroTaBJiHBaTb. 

npHflaJBaTb  [pr^idAvat^] 
imperf  -i6,  -eiiib,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Bafl,  npH;i|aTb  [pr^'idat^] 
perf  -aM,  -auib,  -acr,  -a^.M, 
-a/niTe,-aAyT,p  npH^aJi,  -ajia, 
npHnajio,  npH^ajiH,  imp  -afi 
1.  ^jnil  attach;  2.:.  —  Baxb 
ciLnbi     give   {smb)    strength; 

Baib  cMeJiocTH  make  {smb) 
bold,  embolden;   —  eaxb  66a- 


pocTH  /  Ayxy  encourage,  put 
heart  {into  smb);  3.  impart 
{a  quality,  state);  —  BaTb4)6p- 
My  mapa  u  m.  n.  shape 
into  a  ball,  etc  ;  4.:  — Baxb 
sHaneHHe  attach  importance 
{to). 

npHAaH|oe  [pr^idanaya]  n 
-oro,  -bix  1.  dowry;  trous- 
seau;  2.   layette. 

npHAaxb  see  npH^aBaxb. 

npHflHp|axbc«  Ipr^'id^ira- 
ttjaj  imperf  -awcb,  -aembCH, 
npHAplaxbCfl  [pr^'idrattja]  perf 
npH^epycb,  npH^epeiiibCH,  p 
-ajicH,  -ajiacb,  imp  npH^e- 
pHCb,  npH^epHTecb  find  fault 
{with),    cavil    {at),  carp  {at). 

npH^yMaxb  see  npH^yMbi- 
Baxb. 

npHflyMbiBJaxb  [pr^idumi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
npHflyM|axb  [pr^idi^mat^]  perf 
-aio,  -aeiub  think  up,  think 
of,  invent,  devise. 

npHesA  [pr^iyest,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  arrival,  coming  {by 
vehicle);  b  npouiJibiH  ~  during 
one's  previous/ last  stay;  c 
--om!  welcome!,  glad  to  see 
you! 

npHe3)KiaTb  [pr^iyi^zh^iat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aenib,  npH- 
exiaxb[pr^iyekhat^]per/npH- 
e^y,  npHe^eiiib,  p  -aji  arrive, 
come  {by  vehicle). 

npHCM  [pr^iyom]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  reception  (1)  of  food,  sig- 
nals, patients,  etc;  2)  warm, 
cold,  etc;  3)  a  party);  -^  jie- 
KapcxBa  1)  the  taking  of  a 
medicine;  2)  a  dose  of  medi- 
cine; ycipoHXb  "-  give  a  re- 
ception; HaM  oKaaajiH  pa^ym- 


npH 


352 


HbiH  -'  we  were  given  a 
warm/cordial  reception  /  wel- 
come; 2,  enrollment,  admis- 
sion, admittance  {to  a  trade 
union,  etc);  3.:  b  oahh  —  at 
one  go,  at  a  stretch;  b  Asa 
fipH  u  m.  d.]  ~a  in  two 
[three,  .etc]  motions  /  stages; 
4.  method,  technique,  device. 

npHeMjieMJbiH  [pr'^iyeml^i- 
miy]  a  sh  f  ■-,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
acceptable,  admissible. 

npHeMHHK  [pr^iyomn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a, -OB  radio/ wireless  set; 
(radio)  receiver. 

npHeMHJbiH  [pr^iyomnty]  I 
a  1.:  ~biH  fleHb  reception 
day;  —  bie  Macbi  reception/ 
calling  hours;  consultation 
hours;  2.'  ~aH  komhcchh  ad- 
mission committee  (at  an 
institute,  etc);  —bie  SKsaivieHbi 
admission  /  entrance  examina- 
tions; 

II  as  a  noun  npHCMHlaH 
/  -OH,  -bix  reception-room; 
waiting-room; 

<>  ~biH  oxei;  foster-father; 
~  an  Maxb  foster-mother;  — wh 
CbiH  adopted   son,  foster-son. 

npHexaxb    see    npHesMcaib. 

npH3  [pr^'is,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-b'l,  -OB  prize  (to  a  person 
winning  a  contest);  npHcy- 
flHTb  —  award  a  prize. 

npH3BaHH|e  [pr^'izvan^'iya] 
n  -H,  -H  vocation,  calling. 

npHSBaTb    see    npHSbiBaib. 

npHseivfjiHTbcsi  see  npnaeM- 

JlJ^TbCH. 

npHseMjilnrbcsi  [pr^'iz^i^m- 
I'^attja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -nemb- 
CH,npH3eMJi|HTbCJi  [pr^iz^'i^m- 
l^'ittsa]  perf    -ibcb,    -HiiibCH, 


p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  av  land,  touch  down. 
npH3Ha|BaTb  [pr'^iznAvat''] 
imperf  -ib,  -emb,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Bafl,  npH3H'aTb  Ipr^iznaf'] 
perf  -aio,  -aemb  1.  recognize 
(a  state,  smh's  right,  etc); 
2.  admit,  acknowledge  (one's 
guilt,  mistakes,  etc);    ^Baxb 

Ce6«    BHHOBHbIM,    —Baxb  CBOIO 

BHHy  law  plead  guilty;  3.  vote, 
pronounce  {smth.  to  he...); 
—  Baxb  Heo6xoAHMbiM  consider 
(smth)  necessary,  consider  it 
necessary;  — Baxb  kofo-ji. 
BHHOBHbIM  law  find  smb 
guilty;  — Baxb  HeAeftcxBHieJib- 
HbiM  declare  invalid,  nullify. 

npH3Ha!BaxbC}i  [pr^'iznAva- 
ttja]  imperf  -ibcb,  -embCH, 
p  -BaJicH,  -Bajiacb,  imp  -Baft- 
CH,  -Baftxecb,  npH3H|aTbC{i 
[pr*'iznatts8]  perf  -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH  I  confess,  admit,  own 
(up);  make  a  clean  breast 
of  it;  ~BaxbCH  b  qeM-Ji.  con- 
fess srnth;  — saxbCH  b  jik)6- 
Bi5  make  a  declaration  of 
love; 

1 1  parenth  npHsnaxbCH 
(also  npHSHaiocb,  ~ibcb) 
to  tell  (you)  the  truth. 

npHSHaK  [pr^'iznak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  sign,  indication; 
symptom  (of  a  disease);  o6- 
Hapy>KHBaxb  -~h  Mero-Ji.  show 
signs  /  indications  of  smth; 
cJiy>KHTb  — OM  Merd-Ji.  be  a 
sign  of  smth;  K;iaccH4)HUHpo- 
Baxb  no  ~y  qero-Ji.  classify 
on  the  basis  of  smth. 

npM3HaHH|e    [pr''iznan'*iya] 

n  -H,  -H  1.  acknowledgement, 

L  recognition;     nojiymixb     —e 


353  — 


npH 


win  recognition;  2,  admis- 
sion, confession,  declaration; 
— e  BHHb'i  avowal  of  guilt. 

npH3HaTejibH0CT|b  [pr^izna- 
t''Il^n9sM^  -z^'d^l  /  -H  grati- 
tude, thankfulness. 

npHsnaTb   see   npHSHasaTb. 

npHSHarbCfl     see     npHsna- 

BaibCH. 

npH3paK  [pr'^izrak,  -g]  m 
-a  -OB  spectre,  ghost,  appa- 
rition, phantom;  illusion  (of 
happiness,  etc). 

npH3biB  [pr^izif,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  mil  call-up,  call  to 
military  service;  2.  call,  ap- 
peal;     OTKJlHKHyTbCH      Ha     -^ 

respond  to  a  call,  take  up  a 
call;    3.  slogan  [of  a  party). 

npHSMBlaxb  [pT^\ziwai^]im- 
per)  -aio,  -aemb,  npH3B|aTb 
[pr''izvat*'l  perf  npnaoBy, 
npHsoBeiiib,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio, 
-ajiH,  imp  npHsoBH  1.  call  (for 
smth;  upon  smb  to  do  smth; 
to  smth);  2.  mil  call  up. 

npHHTH  see  npHxo;tHTb. 

npHHTHCb    see    npHXOAHTbCH 

1.  2,  ?. 

npHKas  [pr^ikas,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  order,  command. 

npHKa3aTb  see  npHKasbi- 
BaTb. 

npHKa3biB|aTb  [pr^'ikazt- 
vat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
npHKasjarb  [pr^'ikAzat*']  perf 
npHKascy,  npHKaxceuib,  p  -aji, 
imp  npHKajKH  order,  com- 
mand. 

npHKajibiB  |aTb  [pr^ikalivat*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npHKo- 
jijoTb  [pr^ikAlot^l  perf  -kd, 
npHKOJieiiib,  p  -oji,  imp  -ojih 
pin,  fasten  with  a  pin. 


npHKac|aTbCJi  [pr^ikAsattja] 
imperf  -awcb,  -aembCH,  npH- 
KOCHyTbCH  [pr^ikAsnuttsa] 
perf  -ycb,  -eujbCH,  p  -yji- 
CH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
touch  (slightly)  (with  the 
hand,  a  stick,  etc). 

npHKjiaAbiBlaxb  [pr^'ikladi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aw,  -aemb, 
npHJio>K|HTb  [pr^ilAzhtt'']  perf 
-y,  npHJiojKHmb,  p  hji,  imp 
-H  put  (close  to  smth);  apply 
(a  compress,  etc); 
O  npHjiojKHTbpyKy  K...  l)take 
a  hand  in...;  2)  sign,  add 
one's  signature  to... 
— lHpHKjiK)HeHH|e  [pr^ikl^u- 
ch^en^iy9]  n  -h,  -h  adventure 
(of  a  hunter,  etc). 

npHKOJiOTb  see  npHKa.iH- 
BaTb. 

npHKOCHyTbCfl  see  npHKa- 
caxbCH. 

npHKpenHTb    see    npHKpen- 

JIHTb. 

npHKpenji|flTb  [pr*'ikr*'i^p- 
l^at**]  imperf  -hk>,  -nemb, 
npHKpen'iHTb  [pr^ikr^'i^p^it**] 
perf  -JiK),  -Hmb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  fasten,  fix,  secure,  at- 
tach; 2.  attach,  assign  (a 
teacher,   etc,  to  a  class,  etc). 

npHKpbiBJaTb  [pr^ikrivat*"] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npH- 
KpjbiTb  [pr^ikrtt''l  perf  -ofo. 
-oemb,  p  -hiJi,  imp  -oh  1.  cov- 
er, protect,  shelter,  shield; 
2.  fig  conceal,  screen;  3. 
close/  shut  softly,  close  /  shut 
slightly;  cover,  screen;  4,  col 
liquidate,  shutdown  (a facto- 
ry,  etc). 

npHJiaBJOK  [pr^ilavak,  -g] 
m    -Ka,    -KOB    counter    (m    a 


npH 


—  354  — 


shop,  etc);  pa66THHK  -^-Ka 
salesman, distributive  worker. 

npHjiaraTejibHJoe  [pr^ilAga- 
t^il^'naya]  n  -oro,  -bix  ling 
adjective. 

npHJiarjaxb  [pr^iUgat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npHjio- 
HtjiiTb  [pr^ilAzhit^]  perf  -y, 
npHJi6>KHmb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
apply  {one's  knowledge,  etc); 
~aTb  ycHJiHH  make  efforts; 
—  aib  cTapaHHJi  take  pains, 
exert  oneself;  ~-aTb  Bce  chjih 
do  everything  in  one's  pow- 
er, do  one's  best;  make  every 
effort. 

npHJiejKHlbiH  [pr^il^'ezhniy] 
a  sh  f  np»JieMceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
diligent,  industrious;  assid- 
uous, studious. 

npHJiHB  [pr^'iPit,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  flow,  flood  (of  tide), 
high  tide;  —  h  otjihb  flow 
and  ebb,  high  and  low  tide; 
-^bi  H  OTJIHB bi  tides;  2.  fig 
surge,  flow;  ^  h  otjihb  flux 
and  reflux;  3.  med  rush  {of 
blood). 

npHJiMMMJe  [pr^il^ich^iya] 
n  -91,  -H  decency,  decorum; 
propriety  {correctness  of  man- 
ners). 

npHJiHHHJbiH  [pr^'il^ich^nJy] 
a  sh  f  npHJiHMen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  decent,  proper,  becoming; 
seemly;  decorous;  2,  col  de- 
cent, rather    good,  tolerable. 

npHJio}KeHH|e  [pr^'ilAzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  appendix, 
supplement;  2.  ling  apposi- 
tion. 

npH;io}KHTb  see  npHKJiaAbi- 
saTb  &  npHJiaraTb. 

npHMeHeHHJe  [pr^im^i^n^'e- 


n^iya]  n  -h  application,  use, 
employment;  nojiy^HTb  uih- 
poKoe  ~e  be  [become]  wide- 
ly adopted. 

npHMCHHTb  see  npHMeHHTb. 

npHMCHiflTb  [pr^im^i^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  npHMe- 
HJHTb  [pr^im^i^n^It'']  perf 
-K>,  npHMeHHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  apply,  use,  employ;  ~HTb 
Ha  npaKTHKe  put  into  prac- 
tice. 

npHMep  [pr^im^er]  m  -a, 
-OB  example,  instance;  no^a- 
BaTb  —  set  an  example;  CTa- 
BHTb  Koro-Ji.  B  --  hold  smb 
up  as  an  example;  noKasaTb 
~  give  the  lead;  no  ~y  qe- 
ro-Ji.  [Koro-Ji.]  after  the 
example  of  smth  [smb];  in 
imitation  of  smth  [smb]; 
<>  He  B  --  KOMy-ji.  col  un- 
like smb;  K  ~-y  col  1)  by 
way  of  illustration;  2)  par- 
enth  suppose,  say. 

npHMepHTb  see  npHMepHTb. 

npHMepHJbiH  [pr^im^erniy] 
a  sh  f  npHMepeH,.  -a,.-o,  -u 
1.  exemplary,  model;  2.  ap- 
proximate. 

iipHMeplflTb  [pr^im^i^r^'at''] 
imperf  -hk),  -aeiub,  npHMe- 
pJHTb  [pr^im^'er^it^]  perf  -ra, 
-HLUb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  try  on 
{a  dress,  etc);  fit  {a  dress, 
etc). 

npHMec|b  [pr^im^is*',  -z^] 
/  -H,  -efi  1.  admixture,  infu- 
sion, foreign  matter;  dash  {a 
slight  admixture);  tinge  (of 
colour);  2.  fig    touch,  tinge. 

npHwerja  [pr^'im^eta]  /  -m, 
~  sign,  token,  omen;  (dis- 
tinctive) mark; 


355 


npH 


<>  HMCTb  Ha  ~e  know,  have 
in  mind;  have  an  eye  to  / 
upon. 

npHMcnaHHle  [pr^im^i^ch^a- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  note,  com- 
ment; foot-note;  annotation 
(a  note). 

npHMHpeHHle  [pr^im^ir^e- 
n^'iya]  n  -a,  -h  reconcilia- 
tion, reconcilement;  concilia- 
tion. 

npHMHpHTbCSl  866  MHpHTbCH. 

npHHaAJieJKJaTb  [pr^inad- 
l^i^zhat^'i  imp6rf  -y,  -Huib,  p 
-aji,  imp  -H  belong  {to)\  be 
one  {of);  be   a    member  {of). 

npHHaAJie«HOCT|b  [pr^inAd- 
Pezhn9sM^  -zM^]  /  -h,  pi 
-H,  -eft  1.  {mostly  pi)  tackle 
{fishing,  6ic)\  accessories,  ar- 
ticles {ofy,  nHCbMeHHbie  —h 
writing-materials;  2.  belong- 
ing {to)\  affiliation  {to  a 
class,  party,  etc);  member- 
ship {of  a  party). 

npHHCCTH  see  npHHOCHXb. 

npHHHM|aTb  [pr^in^imat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  npHH|«Tb 
[pr^'in^at'']  perf  npHMy,  npH- 
Meiiib,  p  npHHHJi,  -HJia,  npn- 
HHJio,  npHHHJiH,    imp    npHMH 

1.  admit  {to),  accept  {for); 
'~aTb  Ha  paSoTy  take  on, 
give    employment    {to    smb); 

2.  receive  {people);  paAymno 
~aTb      welcome       heartily; 

3.  accept  (an  offer ,  etc);  pass, 
approve;  --aTb  KaK  AOJi^Hoe 
take  as  a  matter  of  course, 
accept  as  one's  due;  4.  take 
{1}  medicine,  a  bath,  etc; 
2)  precautions,  etc);  5.:  —axb 
MbKD-Ji.  CTopoHy  side  with 
smb,  take   the   part  of  smb; 


•^-axb  HTO-Ji.  B  luyxKy  take 
smth    as    a    joke;    -~-aTb    {na 

Ce65l)    pyKOBOACTBO  [KOMaHAO- 

BaHHe  u  m.  n.]  assume  lead- 
ership [command,  etc];  ^aib 
rpaHCAancTBo  be  naturalized; 
become  a  {Soviet,  etc)  citi- 
zen;        ~-aTb        XpHCTHaHCTBO 

adopt  Christianity;  -rarb  aa 
npaBHJio  make  it  a  rule;  3to 
laK  npHHHTO  it  is  the  cus- 
tom; 6.  take  {smb  for  smb); 
7.  assume  {a  certain  charac- 
ter, air,  etc);  --axb  (|)6pMy 
yero-Ji.  take  the  shape  of 
smth. 

npHHHMlaTbcs!  [pr^in^ima- 
ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  npHH|flTbcn  [pr^in^attsa] 
perf  npHMycb,  npHMeiiibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  npHMHCb, 
npHMHxecb  1.  begin,  start 
{doing  smth);  2.  set  (to),  get 
down  {to),  begin  {smth); 
3.  take  root;  take  {of  an  inoc- 
ulation). 

npHHGclHTb  [pr^inAs^it^] 
imperf  npHHomy,  npHHOCHuib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -i!,  npHHec'iTH 
[pr^in^i^s^'t^i]  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  npHHec,  -Jia,  imp  -h  1.  bring 
{smb  a  book,  etc);  fetch  {a 
chair,  etc);  2.  yield,  bear 
{fruit,  etc;  also  fig);  3.  bring 
(in)  {an  income,  etc);  4.:  ~HTb 
6jiaroAapHOCTb  express  one's 
gratitude. 

npHHyAHxejibHlbiH  [pr^inu- 
d^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f  npHHyAH- 
xejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  compulsory, 
enforced;  forced  {labour). 

npHHyAHTb  see  npHHyHCAaxb. 

npHHy>KA|aTb  [pr^'inuzh- 
dat']     imperf    -aio.     -aeiub, 


npH 


356  — 


npHHyAiHTb[pr''inud*'it*']  perf 
npHHy}Ky,. -Huib,  p  -hji  com- 
pel, force,  constrain,  coerce. 

npHHUHn   [pr^'intsjp,  -b]  m 
-a,  -OB  principle; 
^  H3  ^a  on  principle. 

npHHflTb  see  npHHHMaxb. 

npHH^TbCJi  see  npHHHMaxb- 

CH. 

npHo6pecTM  see  npHo6pe- 
Taxb. 

npHo6peTlaTb  [pr^'iabr^i^- 
taf"]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
npHo6pelcTH  [pr^iabr'^i^s^t'^i] 
perf  -xy,  -xeiiib,  p  npHo6peJi, 
-jia,  imp  -XH  1.  acquire,  gain 
experience,  knowledge  etc); 
2.  buy,  purchase. 

npHopHTCT  [pr^iar^it^et, 
-d]  m  -a  priority  {in  discov- 
ering or  inventing    smth). 

npHnafljOK  [pr^'ipadak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  fit,  attack;  par- 
oxysm. 

npHnee  [pr'*ip''ef,  -v]  m 
-a,  -OB  refrain. 

npHnHcaxb  see  npHOHCbi- 
Baxb. 

npHnHCbiBJaTb  Ipr^ip^isi- 
V9t**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
npHnH|caTb  [pr''ip''isat''j  perf 
-my,  npHnHiiieuib,  p  -caji, 
imp  -uiH  1.  add  (to  a  letter, 
etc);  2.  ascribe,  attribute 
(to);  put  down  (assign  the 
cause  of). 

npHp6fl|a     [pr'^irods]    /    -bi 

1.  nature  (the  external  world; 
natural  scenery);  HBJieHHH 
—  bi      natural       phenomena; 

2.  nature,  character; 

-<>  OT  ~bi  by  nature,  natu- 
rally. 

npHpOAHUH    Ipr''ir6dniyl  a 


1.  natural  (resources,  condi- 
tions, gas,  etc);  2.  inborn, 
innate. 

npHpocT  [pr^'irost,  -zd]  m 
-a  growth,  increase  (of  the 
population,  etc). 

npHCBaHB|aTb  [pr^isvai- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
npHCBoJHXb  [pr^'isvoit*']  perf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  1. 
appropriate,  take  for  oneself; 

2.  give,  confer,  award  (a  de- 
gree, rank,  etc);  ~axb  hmh 
name  (after). 

npMCJiarb  see  npncbiJiaxb. 
npMCJioKHxbCfl  see    npHcjio- 

HHXbCH. 

npHCjioH|MTbC5i  [pr^isUn^a- 
ttja]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -neujb- 
CH,  npHCJiOH|HTbC5i  [pr'^isU- 
n^'ittja]     perf    -wcb,    -HiubCH 

(npHCJIOHHUIbCH),        p       -UJIC^, 

-HJiacb,     imp     -HCb,      -Hxecb 
lean,  .rest  (against  smth). 
npHCJiymaxbCfl  see  npHCJiy- 

IlIHBaXbCH. 

npHCjiymHB|aTbcsi  [pr^'i- 
slushivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH,  npMCJiyui|aTbc» 

[pr^'islushattja]  perf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH  1.  give  ear  (to), 
listen  (to)  (fixing  one's  mind); 
2.  fig  give  ear  (to),  lend  an 
ear  (to);  consider  (smb's  opin- 
ion, advice). 

npMCoeflMHHXb  see    npHcoe- 

;iHHHXb. 

npHCoeAHHHTbCfl    see    npH- 

COeAHHHXbCH. 

npMCoeAHHJflTb  [pr^isayid^'i- 
n'^at'*]  imperf  -hk),  -Heuib, 
npHcoeAHHlMTb  fpr^'isayid^i- 
n^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  join,  adA  (one  thing 


357  — 


npH 


to  another)',  annex;  2.  elect r 
connect,  join. 

npMcoeflHH|HTbCfl  [pr^is9- 
yid^in^attsQ]    imperf    -Hiocb, 

-HeUIbCH,  npMCOeAHHiHTbCH 

[pr^isayid^in^ittsaj  per}  -ibcb, 
-HiubC5i,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -Hrecb  1.  join  {smb,  a 
society,  etc);  2.  associate  (one- 
self) *{with),  subscribe  (to 
stub's  opinion,  etc). 

npHcnoc66MTb  see    npncno- 

C06JIHTb. 

npHcnoc66MTbCJi    see    npn- 

CnOCOSjIHTbCH. 

npHcnoco6jieHH|e  [pr^'ispa- 
SAbl^en^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  adap- 
tation, accommodation;  2.  de- 
vice, contrivance,  appliance. 

npMcnoco6ji|flTb  [pr^ispa- 
SAbPat^]  imperf  -aio,  -neiub, 
npHcnoc66|HTb  [pr^ispAso- 
b^it**]  perf  -Jiio,  -uuih,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  adapt  (to),  fit  (to), 
accommodate  (to),  adjust  (to). 

npMcnocoSjiJMTbCii  [pr^i- 
spasAbl^attja]  imperf  -Hiocb, 
-HeiubCH,  npHcnoc66|HTbCH 
[pr^ispAsob^ittsa]  perf  -Jiiocb, 

-HlUbCfl,      p      -HJICH^       -HJiaCb, 

imp  -bCH,  -bTecb  adapt  one- 
self (to),  adjust  oneself  (to), 
accommodate  oneself  (to). 

npHCTaJBdrb  [pr^istAvaf*] 
imperf  -ib,  -eiub,  p  -Baji, 
imp  -Baft,  npHcraJTb  [pr^i- 
stat^]  perf  -ny,  -Heuib,  p  -ji, 
imp  -Hb  1.  stick  (to),  cling 
(to),  adhere  (to);  2.  put  in, 
pull  in  (to  the  shore,  etc);3. 
col  worry,  pester,  annoy; 
badger,    importune. 

npHCTaelKa  [pr^istafkaj  / 
-KH,  -OK  ling  prefix. 


npHCTHJibHlbig  [pr'istal^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  npHcxajien,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  fixed,  intent  (look, 
etc);  c  ~biM  BHHMaHHeM  with 
great  attention,  intently. 

npHCTaH|b  [pr^istan^]  /  -h, 
-eft  pier,  .landing-stage;  US 
dock;   wharf. 

npMCTaxb  see   npHCTaBaxb. 

npHCTpacTH|e  [pr^istras^- 
t^iya]  n  -h  1.  liking  (for), 
weakness  (for);  2.  bias,  par- 
tiality, prejudice. 

npHCTpacTHJbiH  [pr^istras- 
niy]  a  sh  /  npHcrpacTen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  partial,  biased,  prej- 
udiced, unfair. 

npiicTyn  [pr^istup,  -bj  m 
-a,  -OB  fit,  attack;  touch, 
bout;  paroxysm. 

npMCTyn|aTb  [pr'istupat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npHcry- 
n|HTb  [pr'^istup^'it^]  perf -jik), 
npHCTynHiub,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
begin,  start,  set  about  (smth, 
doing  smth);  get  down  (to), 
set  (to);  proceed  (to). 

npHcyflMTb  see  npHcyjK- 
Aaxb. 

npMcyjKfllaxb  [pr^isuzhd^t'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npHcy- 
AJHTb  [pr^isud^it^]  per/npH- 
cyjKy,  npHcyAHiiib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  sentence,  condemn;  2. 
award  (a  prize,  etc);  confer 
(a  degree,  etc). 

npHcyTCTBHle  [pr^isutst^- 
v^iya]  n  -h  presence  (in  a 
place);  b  qbcM-ji.  —Hinsmb's 
presence,  in  front  of  smb; 
in  smb's  hearing,  before 
smb. 

npHcyTCTBloBaTb[pr^isutjt- 
yvat**]    imperf   -yio,    -yeiub 


npH 


—  358  — 


p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yfl  be  present 
(at),  attend. 

npHCbiji|aTb  [p-r^isHat*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npH- 
cji|aTb  [pr^islat^]  perf  npH- 
mjub,  npHuj/ieiJib,  p  -aji,  imp 
npHLUjiH  send  (cawie  to  go  or 
be  carried,  as  viewed  by 
the  receiver). 

npHcnr|a  [pr^'is^aga]  /  -h, 
^  oath  [a  solemn  promise); 
mil  oath  of  allegiance;  US 
oath  of  enlistment;  npHBo- 
AliTb  Kor6-Ji.  K  — e  swear 
smb  in. 

npHTBOpHTbCfl  see  npHTso- 

p^TbCH. 

npHTBOplnTbcji  [pr^itvA- 
r^attsa]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -nemb- 
CH,  npHTBOpJHTbcn  [pr^'itvA- 
r^ittja]  perf  -K)Cb,  -rimbCH, 
p  -HJIC5I,  -rijiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  pretend  {to  be),  sham, 
feign,  simulate. 

npHTecHeHH|e  [pr^it^i^s^- 
n^en^iya]  n  -h,  -h  oppression, 
unjust  treatment. 

npHTecHHTb      see     npHiec- 

HHTb. 

npHTecH|«Tb  [pr^it^i^s^- 
n^'at'']  imperf  -hkd,  -neiiib, 
npHTecH|HTb  [pr^'it^i^s^n^it''] 
perf  -K),  -Hiiib,  p  -h;i,  imp  -h 
oppress,  keep  down. 

npHTOK  [pr^itok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  tributary  (of  a  river); 
2.  flow,  influx;  indraught. 

npHTOM  [pr'^itom]  cj  (and) 
besides^  (and)  at  that. 

npHTOpH|biH  [pr^'itarniy]  a 
sh  f  npHTOpeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
sickly,  saccharine,  luscious; 
2.  fig  sugary,   luscious. 

npHynjaTb       [pr'*iuch''at*'j 


imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npH- 
yHJHTb  [pr^'iuch^it^]  perf  -y, 
npHyqHUJb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
train,  school  (to  smth,  to  be 
smth). 

npHxofl  [pr^'ikhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  coming,  arrival,  ad- 
vent; 2.  receipts,  income. 

npHXOA|HTb  fpr^ikhAd'^it^] 
imperf  npHxojKy,  npHXoAHujb, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  npM|HTH 
[pr^iyt^'i]  perf  -^y,  -Aeuib, 
p  -me;i,  -uiJia,  imp  -;;h  1. 
come  (reach,  mostly  on  foot; 
also  of  a  train,  ship,  letter, 
etc);  arrive  (of  a  ship,  train, 
letter,-  etc);  —riib  nepBwM 
[BTopbiM  u  m.  d.]  come  in 
first  [second,  etc]  (of  a  race); 
2.  come  {to  an  agreement, 
etc);  arrive  {at  a  conclusion, 
etc);  3.:  ~HTb  b  oxqaHHHe 
give  way  to  despair;  ^-Hxb 
B  y>Kac  be  horrified;  -~rfTb 
B  HeroAOBaHHe  become  indig- 
nant; ~HTb  B  ynaAOK  fall 
into  decay; 

<>  — HTb  B  rojioBy  occur  to 
smb,  come  into  smb's  mind; 
~HTb  Ha  yM  occur  to  smb, 
come  into  smb's  mind;  —htb 
B  ceSn  come  to  oneself,  re- 
gain consciousness;  ^htb  b 
HyBCTBO  come  to  oneself,  re- 
gain consciousness. 

npHxoA|HTbc«  [pr^ikhA- 
d^ittjaj     imperf    npHxojKycb, 

npHXOAHUJbCH,  0  -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,      npH|HTHCb     [pr^'iy- 

^bj'gbj      p^jrf     -jy^zh,     -fleiUbCH, 

p  -meJiCH,  -lujiacb  1.  fit  (well) 
(of  clothes,  etc);  2.  fall  (on) 
(of  dates);  3.  impers  have  to 
(do    smth);     eMy     npHUJjiocb 


—  359  — 


npH 


»AaTb  he  had  to  wait;  4.  {no 
perf)  be  {one's  relative). 

npMuen  [pr^itsep,  -b]  m  -a, 
-OB  trailer  {a  vehicle). 

npHwajiMBJaTb  [pr^ich^aPi- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npHHaji|HTb  [pr^ich^aPit''] 
perf  -K),  -Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp -h 
moor  {to). 

npHHacTH|e  [pr^ich^as^- 
t^iy9]  n  -H,  -H  ling  parti- 
ciple. 

npHHCM  [pr^ich'om]  I  cj\ 
Ha  3T0M  npeAnpHHTHH  Tbicnqa 
pa66qHX,  —•  nojioBHHa  hs 
HHX-—  MceHmHHbi  there  are  one 
thousand  workers  in  this  fac- 
tory, half  of  them  being  wom- 
en; OH  KHXcenep,  -~-  onbiT- 
Hbifi  he  is  an  engineer,  and 
an  experienced  one  into  the 
bargain; 

11  adv.  --  TyT  H?  what  on 
earth  have  I  to  do  with  it?, 
how  on  earth  do  I  come   in? 

npHHecaxb  see  npHMecbi- 
saTb. 

npHHecaxbCji   see   npHMecw- 

BaTbCH. 

npHHec|Ka  [pr^ich\6sk9]  / 
-KH,  -OK  hair-cut;  hair-do; 
CAejiaxb  ~Ky  have  one's  hair 
done. 

npHHecbiBlaxb  [pr^ich^dst- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  npn- 
Hec|aTb  [pr'ich^i^sat^]  perf 
npHqemy,  npHqemeiiib,  p  -aji, 
imp  npHMeuiH  do,  dress  {the 
hair);  comb  {the  hair);  brush 
{the  hair);  ~aTb  kopo-ji.  do/ 
dress  smb's  hair. 

npHHecbiB|aTbC5i  [pr^'ich^d- 
sivattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeiiibcfl,  npHHeclaxbCfl  [pr^i- 


ch^i*^satts9]  perf  npHMemycb, 
npHqemeuibCH,  p  -ajicn, 
-ajiacb,  imp  npHMeuiHCb,  npH- 
iiemHTecb  do  one's  hair,  comb 
one's  hair;  have  one's  haii 
done. 

npHHHHla  [pr^ich^ina]  / 
-bi,  ~  cause  {that  produces 
an  effect);  reason  {a  cause; 
an  explanation);  yBajKHxejib- 
HaH  ~-a  good  reason,  valid 
reason,  good  excuse;  no  toh 
HJiH  HHOH  ~e  for  some  reason 
or  other;  no  ~e  because  (o/), 
owing  {to),  on  account  {of), 
by  reason  {of). 

npMHHHHTb    see    npHHHHHTb. 

npHHHH|nTb  [pr^ich^'in^at'] 
imperf  -hio,  -neuib,  npHHH- 
H|HTb     [pr^ich'^in^it^]     perf 

-K),      -HUIb,     p     -HJI,      imp     -H 

cause,  occasion;  ~-flTb  dojib 
hurt,  give  pain;  ~HTb  6ec- 
noKOHCTBo  gi\e  trouble,  trou- 
ble;    put    to    inconvenience. 

npHuiHB|aTb  [pr^ishivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npH- 
luJHTb  [pr^ishft^]  perf  -bib, 
-beuib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -eft  sew 
{on,  to). 

npHu^eMUTb    see    npHmeM- 

JIHTb. 

npHmcMjilflTb  [pr^ish^ii^m- 
l^at^]  imperf  -hk),  -neiub, 
npHmeM|HTb  [pr^ish^:i^m^it^] 
perf  -JiK),  -HUIb,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-H  pinch,  squeeze. 

npHm,ypHB|aTbcsi[pr''ish^:u- 
r^ivattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH,npHm,yp|HTbcsi  [pr^i- 
sh^:ur^itts9]  perf -loch,  -uuih- 
CH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-bCJi,  -bxecb  screw  up  one's 
eyes. 


tlpH 


—  360  — 


npHWT  [pr^iyut,  -d]  m  -a 
shelter,  refuge. 

npHK)|THTb  [pr^iyut^it^] 
per}  -^y,  -xHiub,  p  -thji,  imp 
-TH  shelter,  give  refuge. 

npHaxejilb  [pr^iyat^il**]  m 
-51,  -eft  friend  (an  intimate 
acquaintance). 

npMflXHo  [pr^iyatna]  I  adv 
pleasantry,  agreeably; 
II  impers  predic  it's  pleasant. 

npHflTH|biH  [pr^iyatniyj  a 
sh  /npHflieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  pleas- 
ant, pleasing,  agreeable, 
welcome. 

npo  [pro;  in  the  first  pre- 
tonic  position  —  prA;  in  the 
second  pretonic  position  — 
pra]  prep  with  ace  denoting 
the  direction  of  a  conversa- 
tion or  thinking:  paccKasbi- 
BBTb  ~  mo-ji.  tell  about 
smth;  tell  of  smth;  —  nero 
3a6biJiH  they've  forgotten 
a'bout  him. 

npo...  I  pref  of  verbs  de- 
noting 1 .  movement  through  or 
between  smth:  npoTOJiKnyxb 
[pratAlknut*']  push  through 
{a  cork,  etc);  nporepexb 
[prat^i^r^et*']  rub  through  a 
sieve;  2.  an  action  which  re- 
sults in  a  hole,  hollow,  crack, 
etc:  nporpbiaxb  [prAgrls^t^J 
gnaw  through;  npocBepjiHXb 
[pras^v^i^rl^it^]  bore,  pierce; 

3.  movement  past  smb,  smth: 
npoiuMbirHyxb  [prashmtg- 
nut'']  steal,  slip  {past,  into); 

4.  an  action  going  on 
for  a  certain  period:  npopa- 
66xaxb  BCK)  HOMb  work  all 
night,  spend  all  night  work- 
ing;    npocnaxb     ^o    agchxh 


MacoB  yxpa  sleep  till  ten 
a.m.;  5.  an  action  with  a 
harmful  result:  nporjiHAexb 
[pragl'^i^d^et^]  overlook  (fail 
to  see);  6.  the  perfective  as- 
pect: nponexb  [prAp^'et'']  perf 
of  nexb. 

npo...  II  pref  of  nouns  & 
adjectives  meaning  'acting 
in  the  interests  of,  'being  a 
partisan  of:  npo(f)aiiiHcx  [pra- 
fAshlst]  pro-fascist;  npoaMe- 
pHKaHCKHH  [prAAm^ir^ikan- 
sk^iy]   pro-American. 

np66|a  [proba]  /  -bi,  —  1. 
trial,  test;  try-out;  2.  sam- 
ple (a  small  portion);  3.  stand- 
ard {of  gold,  etc);  hallmark; 
aojioxo  56-6h  -—bi  14-carat 
gold. 

npoSerlaxb  fprab^i^gat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  npo6e- 
JKJaxb  [prab^i^zhat^'l  perf 
npo6ery,  -Huib,  npo6eryx,  p 
-aji,  imp  npo6erH  1.  pass 
(running),  run  by;  run  (past, 
through,  along,  over);  2.  run, 
cover  (a  distance);  3.  fig  col 
look  through,  skim. 

npo6eji  fprAb^el]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  blank,  gap;  2.  flaw,  defi- 
ciency, gap;  BOcnoJiHHXb  — 
make  up  for  a  deficiency; 
meet  a  lack;  fill  a  want. 

npo6HB|axb[prab''ivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  npo6|Hxb 
[prAb^it^]  perf  -bib,  -beiub, 
p  -HJi,  -HJia,  -HJio,  -HJiH,  imp 
-efl  1.  make  /  punch  a  hole; 
pierce,  go  through;  punch  (a 
ticket,  etc);  breach;  puncture 
(a  tyre,  etc);  2.  (p  np66HJi 
& -HJI,  -HJia,  np66HJio  &  -hjio, 
np66HJiH  &  -hjih)  {no  imperf) 


—  361 


npo 


have    struck,     strike    {of    a 

clock); 

<>  —  axb  ce6e  flopory  1)  force 

one's    way    through;    2)    fig 

make  one's  way  in  life. 

npo6Hp|aTbC5i  [prab^irattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  npo- 
6p|aTbCfl  [prAbrattja]  perf 
npo6epycb,  npo6epembCH,  p 
-aJicH,  -ajiacb,  imp  npo6e- 
pHCb,  npoCepHxecb  make  one's 
way,  thread  one's  way;  elbow 
one's  way;  steal  {through, 
into,  past);  ~aTbCH  omynbio 
feel/  grope  one's   way. 

npo6MTb    see.  npoSHBaxb   & 

6HTb    7. 

np66|Ka  [propka]  /  -kh, -ok 

1.  cork;  stopper,  plug;  2.  fig 
(traffic)  jam,  blocking;  traf- 
fic congestion;  3.  electr  fuze; 
<>  OH  rjiyn  KaK  — Ka  col  ^ 
he  is  a  blockhead  /  an  ass. 

npoSjiCMla  [prAbPema]  / 
-bi,  ■—  problem  {a  matter  of 
doubt  or  difficulty). 

np66|OBaTb  [probavat^]  im- 
perf -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -oeaji,  imp 
-yfl,  no:np66oBaTb  [pAproba- 
vat^]  perf  1.  taste  (/ood);  feel 
{examine    by    touching);  test; 

2.  attempt,  try  {to  do  smth). 
npo66p  [prAbor]  m  -a,   -ob 

parting  {in  the  hair). 

npo6paTbCfl  see  npo6H- 
paxbCH. 

npceaji  [prAval]  m  -a,   -oe 
failure,     fiasco;  •  miscarriage 
{of  plans,  etc); 
<>  y  Hero  -^  nariJiTH  his  mem- 
ory is  a  blank. 

npoBajiHB|aTbCH  [prAvaPi- 
vattsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,    npoBajiJHTbCfl  [pravAl^i- 


ttja]  perf  -locb,  nposajiHuibCH, 
p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -ricb, 
-Hxecb  1.  fall  through,  come 
^own,  collapse;  2.  fig  col 
fail,  miscarry;  3.  fig  col  dis- 
appear, vanish; 

<>       OH       rOXOB      6bIJl      CKBOSb 

seMJiK)  npOBajiMXbCfl  he  wished 
the  earth/  floor  would  open 
beneath  his  feet. 

npoBepHXb  see    npoBepnxb. 

npoeeplKa  [prAv^erka]  / 
-KH, -OK  verification  {the  pro- 
cess of);  checking,  check-up, 
control;  test,  examination. 

npoeepjaxb  [prav^i^r^at^] 
imperf  -hkd,  -Heuib,  npoBe- 
p|HXb  [prAv^er^it^]  perf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  check 
(up),  verify;  test;  -—nxbqacbi. 
set  a  v/atch  [clock]  to  the 
correct  time;  — Hxb  xexpa^H 
correct  {student^')  notebooks. 

npoBccxH  see  npOBOAHXb  I. 

npoBexpHB|axb  [prAv^etr^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npoBexplHXb  [prAv^etr^'it^] 
perf  -K),  -HUJb,  p  -HJI,  imp 
-H  air  {a  room,  clothes,  etc); 
ventilate  {a  room). 

npoBHH|HXbCfl  [prav^in^i- 
ttsa]  perf  -ibcb,  -HuibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  be  at  fault;  be  guilty 
{of),  commit  an  offence  {in); 
-—HXbCH  nepeA  kcm-ji.  do  smb 
wrong,  wrong  smb. 

npoBOfl  [provat,  -d]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  electr  wire,  lead, 
conductor. 

npoBOAlMXb  I  [pravAd^it^] 
imperf  npoBO^y,  npoBOfiyiuih, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H,  npoBejcxH 
[prav^i^s^t^i]  perf  -Ay,  -fleiub, 


npo 


362  — 


p  npoBeji,  -Jia,  imp  -ah  1. 
take,  lead  {smb  ikrough, 
into  smth);  pibt  (ships)- 
2.  run,  pass  (one's  hand,  etc, 
over  smth);  3.:  —htb  flopory 
lay  out  a  road;  —Hib^eJies- 
Hyio  Aopory  build  a  railway; 
-^HTb  Kanaji  build  a  canal; 
-^HTb  sjieKxpHMecTBO  install 
electrical  equipment;  install 
electricity;  ~HTb  BOAonpo- 
BOA  lay  on  water  (supply); 
~HTb  raa  lay  on  gas  (sup- 
ply ),  put  in  gas  pipes;  4.  draw 
(a  line,  etc);  5.  hold  (a  meet' 
ing,  etc);  carry  out  (reforms, 
tests,  etc);  conduct  (lessons, 
etc);  ~HTb  nojiHTHKy  pursue | 
follow  a  policy;  ~HTb  b 
>KH3Hb  implement,  realize, 
put  into  practice;  6.  spend, 
pass;  BeceJio  '-Hib  BpeMH 
have  a  good  time,  enjoy 
oneself;  7.  (no  imperf)  col 
cheat,  dupe,  trick,  take  in, 
fool;  Bbi  MeuH  He  npOBe- 
Aeie  you  can't  fool  me. 

npOBOAHTb  II  see  npoBO- 
H^aib. 

npoBOAHHK  I  [pr9VAd''n''ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -6b  1.  electr  con- 
ductor; 2.  fig  bearer,  cham- 
pion (of  ideas,  etc). 

npoBOAHMK  II  [prsvAd'^n^'ik, 
-q]  m  -a,  -6b  1.  guide,  con- 
ductor; 2.  rly  guard,  conduc- 
tor. 

npOBOKJaTb  [pr8VAzhat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npoBO- 
AlMTb  [pravAd^if'l  perf  npo- 
Bo^y,  npoB6Aniiib,  p  -\\j\ 
imp  -H  see  off;  see  (smb 
home,  etc);  accompany  (a 
woman,  etc)-. 


<>  ~aTb  rjiaaaMH  follow 
with  one's  eyes. 

npOBOsrjiacMTb  see  npOBoa- 
rjiamaxb. 

npoB03rjiaiij|aTb  [pravaz- 
glAshaf^J  imperf  -aFo,  -aemb, 
npoB03rjiac|HTb  [pravazglA- 
s^it^]  perf  npOBOBfJiaujy, 
-HUJb,  p  'liJi,  imp  -Id  proclaim 
(a  republic,  etc);  enunciate 
(a  theory,  etc);  —  arb  Ji63yHr 
advance  /  set  forth  a  slogan; 
—  aib  TOCT  3a...  drink  to..., 
toast  to...  propose  a  toast 
to... 

npoBOKauMpHHbiH  Iprava- 
k9tji6nniy]  a  provocative 
(act,  statement,  etc). 

npoBOKauHJ«[pr9VAkatjiy9] 
/  -H,  'H  1.  provocation,  in- 
citement; 2.  provocation  (in 
politics,  etc). 

np6B0ji0K|a  [pr6v9l9k9]  f 
-H  wire  (a  metal  thread). 

npoBopHlbiH  [prAv6rniy]  a 
sh  f  npoB6peH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
adroit,  dexterous,  agile; 
prompt,  quick,  swift. 

nporjiaTbiB|aTb  [prAglati- 
V9t'']  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
nporjiOT|MTb  [pr9glAt''it^] 
perf  nporjioqy,  npor;i6THmb, 
p  -ttJi,  imp  -H  swallow  (1) 
food,  etc;  2)  an  insult,  etc); 
gulp  (down). 

npopHaxb  see  nporoHHib. 

npoFHoa  |prAgn6s,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  prognosis,   forecast, 

nporojiOAlaTbcn  [pr9g9lA- 
datls9]  perf  -anDCb,  -aembCH 
get   hungry;   feel  /  be  hungry. 

nporoHJniTb  [pragAn'^at''] 
imperf  -hio,  -jiemb,  npo- 
rHJaib  [prAgnat'']   perf  npo- 


363  -^ 


npo 


roHK),  nporoHHiiib,  p  -aji, 
-ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  npo- 
roHH  drive  away,  send  away; 
dismiss,  fire,  sack. 

nporpaMMJa  [prAgramma] 
/  -bi,  ~  program! me);  curric- 
ulum; syllabus  {in  a  sub' 
Jecty,  schedule  {in  radio,  etc). 

npcrpecc  [prAgr'^es.  -z]  m 
-a  progress  {of  science,  etc); 
Ao6HTbCH  ~a  make  progress. 

nporyji  fprAgul]  m  -a,  -ob 
truancy  {an  act  of). 

nporyjiJKa  [prAgulka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  walk  {for  pleasure); 
trip  {to  the  country,  etc); 
drive  {in  a  car,  etc)r  ride 
{on  a  bicycle,  etc). 

npoAa|BaTb  [pradAvat^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -emb,  p  -eaji,  imp 
-Bafl,  npoAlaxb  [prAdat^] 
perf  m,  -amb,  acT,  -a^HM, 
-aAHxe,  -ajiy  ,  p  npoAaJi, 
-ajia,  npojxajio,  np6;iajiH  imp 
-afl  sell'  {goods,  etc;  also  fig). 

npoflaejeu,  [prsdAv^ets,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -uoB  shop-assistant, 
salesman;  seller;  vendor. 

npofla}K|a  [prAdazha]  /  -h 
sale,  selling;  -^a  6HJieT0B 
booking  {of  tickets);  a  ~e 
on  sale. 

npojiaxb  see  upojxaBSiTh. 

npoABHrjaxb  [pradvigat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npoflDii- 
H|yTb  [prAdv^inut^]  perf 
-y,  -emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -b 
1.  move  on  /  forward  /  further, 
push  on  /  forward  /  further; 
extend  {to,  as  far  as);  2.  fig 
col  promote,  further,  advance. 

npOABHr|aTbCM  [pradv^i- 
gattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aemb- 
ca,      npoABHHlyTbca      (pfA- 


dv^inuttja]  perf  -ycb,  -embCH, 
p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -bCH, 
-bxecb  advance  {also  fig), 
move  forward  /  on  /  further;  mil 
also  gain  ground;  —axbCH 
enepeA  advance,  move  for- 
ward /  on  /  further. 

npoziBHHyxb  see  npoflBH- 
raxb. 

npoiiBMHyxbcn  see  npOABH- 
raxbCH. 

npOiiejilKa  [prAd'^elka]  § 
•KH,  -OK  trick,  piece  of  mis- 
chief; prank. 

npoflMKxoBaxb  see  ahkxo- 
Baib. 

npoAJieBJaxb  [pradPi^vat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npo- 
flji|nxb  [prAclPit*']  perf  -ib, 
.'Hmb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  prolong, 
extend  (a  ticket,    term,    etc), 

npoAJiHXbcsi  see  A-^HXbcn. 

npoAOBOjibcxBeHHbiH  Ipra- 
dAvoPs^'t^v^'inniy]  a:  ~  Mara- 
3HH  grocery  and  provision 
shop,  food  store;  ~  CKJiaa 
food  storehouse. 

npofloBojibcxBHle  [pradA- 
vol^s^t^v^iya]  n  -h  food- 
-stuffs,    provisions,  victuals. 

npoAOJiroBaxIbiH  [pradalgA- 
vatty]  a  s/i  /  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  ob- 
long {greater  in  length  than 
in  breadth). 

npoAOJiJKlaxb  [pradAlzhat**] 
imperf  -aro,  ^aemb,  npojioji- 
jKJHXb  [prAdolzhit'']  perf'-y, 
'Huih,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  contin- 
ue, go  on  keep  on,  proceed 
with. 

npoAOji)K|axbCfl  [pradAl- 
zhattja]  imperf  -aexcH  last, 
continue,  go,  be  in  progress. 

npOA0flweHH|e    [pradAbhe' 


npo 


—  364  — 


n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  continua- 
tion; sequel  {that  which  fol- 
lows); 2.  continued  {at  the 
beginning  of  the  next  portion 
of  an  article,  etc);  —e  cjie- 
AyeT  to  be  continued  {at  the 
end  of  a  portion  of  an  article, 
etc);  --e  b  cjieAyiomeM  HOMepe 
to  be  continued  in  the  next 
issue; 

<>  B  —e  during,  tlirougliout, 
in  the  course  of. 

npo;iojiH<HTejibH|biH  [pra- 
dAlzh+t^il^nty]  a  sh  f  npo- 
AOJiJKHieJieH ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  long, 
prolonged. 

npo;t6ji»MTb  see  npoflOJi- 
jKaib. 

npoiiyKT  [prAdukt,  -gd]  m 
-a,  pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  {mostly  pi) 
food-stuffs,  victuals,  provi- 
sions; ~bi  HHTaHHH  food  prod- 
ucts,  food-stuffs;  2.  product 
(a  thing  produced,  etc);  —  bi 
ceJibCKoro  xosflflcTBa  agri- 
cultural produce. 

npoAyKu,Hlfl  [prAduktjtya] 
/  -H  production,  output;  Bb'i- 
nycK  npoMbiuiJieHHOH  ~h  in- 
dustrial  output. 

npoesii  [prAyest,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  passage,  thoroughfare; 
-^a  Her  no  thoroughfare. 

npoesAOM  [prAyezdam]  adv 
col  in  passing,  passing 
through;  ~  b  on  the  way  to. 

npoesjKJaTb  [prayi^zh^iat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npoex|aTb 
fprAyekhat^]  perf  npoe;;y, 
npoe^emb,  p  -a;i  1.  go  {past, 
by,  through),  pass  {by, 
through)  {both  in  a  vehicle); 
drive  {past,  by,  through); 
ride     {past,    by,    through)', 


pass  through  {to),  go  {to) 
{both  by  vehicle);  pass  {along), 
go  {along)  {both  in  a  vehicle); 
cover  {a  distance,  in  a  ve- 
hicle); 2.  miss    {a  stop,  etc). 

npocKT  [prAekt,  -gd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  project,  design;  2. 
draft  {of    a    resolution,   etc). 

npoexaib  see  npoesjKaib. 

npOKCKTOp  [prAzhektar]  m 
-a,  -OB  searchlight. 

np63|a  [proza]  /  -u  prose 
{also  fig). 

nposBHiule  [proz^v^ish'^.a] 
n  -a,    —  nickname. 

nposBynaxb  see  sBynaTb. 

nposeeaTb  see  seBaTb  3. 

nposHMOBaxb  see  sHMOBaib. 

npospaHHlbiM  [prAzrach^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  npoapa^eH,  -a, 
-Q,  -bi  transparent  {also  fig). 

npoHrpaxb  see  npoHrpw- 
Baxb. 

npoMrptielaxb  [prAigrivaf*] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  npo- 
Mrpjaxb  [praigrat^J  perZ-aio, 
-aeuib  lose  {a  game,  etc,  or 
in  a  game,  etc). 

npoHrpbiiii  fproigrtsh,  -zh] 
m  -a,  -efl  loss  {in  a  game, 
etc);  sport  defeat;  6bixb  b  ~e 
be  the  loser. 

npoH3Be;ieHHle  [praiz^v^i^- 


d^en^iya]    n    -h. 


work, 


production  {of  art,  etc);  opus, 
composition;  2.  math  prod- 
uct. 

npoHseecxH    see    npoHSBO- 

AHXb    1,    3. 

npoHSBOflHxejibHocxlb  [pra- 
izvAd^if'il^nasH^,  -zM'^JZ-H 
productivity  {of  labour, etc). 

npoH3BOAMTejibHlbiH  [pra- 
izvAd^it^'il^ntyJ  a  sh  f   npo- 


365  — 


npo 


H3B0AHTejieH     -a,  -o,  -bi  pro- 
ductive, efficient; 
■^  •~bie    cHjibi    econ    produc- 
tive forces. 

npoHSBOAJHTb  [praizvA- 
d^it^]  imperf  npOHseojKy, 
npoHSBOAHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
npOHSBejCTH  [praiz^v^i^s^t^ij 
perf  -Ay,  -Aeuib,  p  npoHsseji, 
-Jia,  imp  -AH  1.  make  {exper- 
iments, calculations,  etc); 
execute,  carry  out  {work, 
repairs,  etc);  2.  {no  perf) 
produce,  manufacture;  3.: 
—  HTb  BneqaxJieHHe  make  ^n 
impression;  ^HXb  uiyM  make 
a  noise; 

<>  ~HTb  Ha  CBCT  bring  into 
the  world,  give  birth  to. 

npoH3B6ACTBeHH|biH  [pr9- 
izvotjtv^mniy]  a  production 
{attr);  '-an  npaKXHKa  practi- 
cal (work),  practical  training; 
-~oe  3aAaHHe  output  pro- 
gramme; output  target;  '-oe 
o6yqeHHe  industrial  training. 

npoHSBOAcrBJo  [praizvotjt- 
V9]  rt  -a  1.  production,  man- 
ufacture; cn6co6  ^a  mode 
of  production;  cpeAcxea  ~a 
means  of  production;  opyAHH 
~a  implements  of  produc- 
tion; H3Aep>KKH  ~a  cost  of 
production;  2.  factory,  works; 
industry;  hohxh  Ha  ~o  be- 
come a  factory  worker. 

npOHSBOJi  [praizvol]  m  -a 
arbitrary  rule;  arbitrariness; 

<!>    6p6cHTb  /  OCraBHTb    Ha     '- 

cyAbSbi    leave    to   the   mercy 
of  fate. 
npOHSHecTH    see    npoHsno- 

CHXb. 

npoH3Hoc[HTb        [praiznA- 


s^it^]  imperf  npoH3Hoiuy, 
npoHSHocHiub,  p  -iij],  imp  -u, 
npoH3Hec|TH  [praiz'^n^i^s^t^i] 
perf  -y,  -eiub,  p  npoHSHec, 
-jia,  imp  -H  1.  pronounce, 
articulate;  2.  pronounce,  ut- 
ter, say;  -—Hxb  pe^b  make/  de- 
liver a  speech. 

np0H3H0iueHHle  [praiznA- 
shen^iya]  n  -h  pronunciation 
{of  words,  etc). 

npoH30HXH  see  npoHCxoAHTb 
1,  2. 

npoHcxoA|HTb  [praiskhA- 
d^it^]  npoHcxojKy,  npoHcxo- 
AHUib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H,  npo- 
H30h1xh  [praizAyt^i]  perf 
-Aex,  p  npoH3oiiie;i,  npOHSo- 
uijia,  imp  -AH  1.  happen, 
occur,  take  place;  mxo  SAecb 
npoHcxoAHx?  what's  up?; 
what's  going  on  here?;  2.  be 
the  result  {of),  take  place  as 
a  result  {of);  3.  {no  perf) 
come  {from)  {by  origin);  de- 
scend {from),  come  {of). 

npoHCxo)KAeHH|e  [prais- 
khAzhd^en'^iya]  n  -h  origin; 
birth,  descent,  extraction. 

npoHcuj€cTBH|e  fpraishe- 
s^'t^v^iya]  n  -h,  -h  incident, 
event';  accident  {an  unfortu- 
nate event). 

npoHXH  see  npoxoAHTb. 

npOKjiaAbiB|axb  [prAkladi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
npojiO)K|HXb  [pralAzhtt^]  perf 
-y,  npojioJKHmb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  lay  (a  pipeline,  etc); 
build  (a  tunnel,  etc);  --axb 
Aopory  /  nyxb  build  a  road; 
make  a  path  [also  see 
<0>];  ~axb  ce6e  Aopory  work 
one's  way;    elbow   one's  way 


npo 


—  366  — 


[also  see  <>];  2.  interlay 
(lay  between); 

^  ~aTb  ziopory  /  nyxb  pave 
the  way;  ~aTb  ce6e  Aopory 
make  one's  way  in  life;  —axb 
HOBbie  nyiH  blaze  new  trails. 
npOKjiflTHJe    [prAkl^at^iya] 

I  n  -«,  -ft  1.  damnation, 
imprecation;  2.  curse,  impre- 
cation; 

II  asanint  (also  npOKJiHTbe) 
damn!,  confoundl 

npoKOHcyjibTHpoBaTbCJi    see 

KOHCyJIbTHpOBaTbCH. 

npoKypop  [prakuror]  m  -a, 
-OB  public  prosecutor,  public 
procurator. 

npojierapHaT  [praPitar^iat, 
-d]  m  -a  proletariat  (the 
working  class). 

npojierapHlfi  [pral^i^tar^iy] 
m  -H,  -eB  proletarian;  -~h 
Bcex  crpaH,  coeAHHHHxecb! 
workers  of    the  world,  unite! 

npojieTapcK|HH  [pral^i^tar- 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  prole- 
tarian. 

npojiHB  [prAl^if,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  strait(s)  (a  water-way). 

npojiHBJaTb  [pral'^ivat^j 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  npojilHib 
[prAl'^it^]  perf  -bib,  -beuib, 
p    npoJiHji    (-HJi),    -Hjia,  npo- 

JIHJIO    (-HJIO),   npOJIHJIH  (-HJIH), 

imp  -eft  1.  spill  [a  liquid); 
2.  shed  {blood,  tears); 

<>       ~aTb      CBCT       Ha      HTO-JI. 

throw /shed  light  on  smth. 

npojiojKHTb  see  npoKjiaAW- 
eaTb. 

npowax  [promakh,  -gh]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  miss  {in  shooting); 
2.  fig  blunder;  slip  (an  error). 

npOMaxHlyTbcii     [pramAkh- 


nuttsa]  perf  -ycb,  -embCH,  p 
-yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -ftcb,  -h- 
lecb  miss  (one's  aim),  fail 
to  hit,  miss    the   mark  {also 

fig)- 
npoMefljieHH|e  [pram^i^dl^6- 

n^'iya]  n  -h  delay,  lingering. 

npoMeiKyT|oK  [pram^i^zhu- 
tak,  -g]  m  -Ka,  -kob  1.  space, 
gap;  2.  interval,  period  of 
time  (between). 

npoMOKarejibHlbm  [pramA- 
kat^iPniy]  a:  ~?yi  6yMara 
blotting-paper. 

npOMOKJaTb  [pramAkat^] 
imperf  -aw,  -aeuib,  npoMOK- 
H|yTb  [prAmoknut^]  perf  -y, 
-euih,  p  npoMOK,  npoMOKjia, 
imp  -H  1.  get  wet /soaked/ 
drenched;  npoMOKHyib  jip 
Kocreft  get  wet  /  drenched  to 
the  skin;  2.  [no  perf)  let 
water  through,  not  be  water- 
proof. 

npoMonlHTb  [pramAch^it^] 
perf  -y,  npoMOMHUib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  get  (smth)  wet;  drench, 
soak. 

npOMToeapIbi  [pramtAvari] 
pi  -OB  (=npoMbiiiiJieHHbie  lo- 
eapbi)    manufactured    goods. 

npOMbiLUJieHHOCT|b  [prAml- 
shPmnas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  in- 
dustry {1)  the  mining  and 
manufacturing  part  of  a  na- 
tional economy;  2)  any  branch 
of  this);  Ao6biBaK)maH  ~b  ex- 
tractive industry;  o6pa6aTbi- 
Baioman  ~b  manufacturing 
industry;  KpynHan  — b  large- 
-scale   industry. 

npOMbiuj.neHHb:ft  [prAmtsh- 
Pmnty]  a  industrial  {enter- 
prise, etc). 


^  2567  — 


npo 


npoH3HTejibH|biM  [pFAn'z'i- 
f'lPniy]  a  sh  f  npoHSHTejien, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  shrill,  piercing, 
sharp  {voice,  look,  etc), 

npOHUKJaTb  [pran^'ikat^] 
imperf  -ara,  -aeuib,  npoHHK- 
Hlyxb  [prAn^iknut^]  perf  -y, 

-eUIb,      p       npOHHK,       npOHHK- 

jia,  imp  -H  penetrate  {into, 
through])  also  fig)*  go 
{through)^  pass  {through). 

npoHuuaTejibH|biH  [pran^i- 
tjat^il^'niy]  a  sh  f  npoHHua- 
xejieH,  -a,  Vo,  -u  shrewd,  pen- 
etrating, acute,  perspica- 
cious; piercing  {look,  etc). 

nponaraHA|a  [prapAganda] 
/  -bi  propaganda  {dissemina- 
tion and  elucidation  of  theo- 
ries and  ideas). 

nponaraHflMpjOBaTb  [pra- 
pagAn^d^'iravat^]  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yfi 
advocate,  propagandize;  pop- 
ularize {science,  achieve- 
ments, etc). 

nponafllaxb  [prapAdat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npona|cTb 
[prApas^t^]  perf  -Ay,  -Aeuib, 
p  -Ji,  imp  -AH  1.  be  missing, 
be  lost;  2.  disappear,  vanish; 
die,  pass  {of  feelings);  3.  per- 
ish, die,  be  done  for,  be 
lost;  4.  be  wasted  {of  iime, 
etc); 

<►  FAe  Bbi  —ajiH?  where  have 
you  been?;  ohuih  nponajio 
col  it  is  as  good  as  lost. 

nponexb  see  nexb  1, 

iiponHcaxb  see  nponHCbi- 
Baxb. 

nponHc|Ka  [prAp^iska]  / 
-KH,  -OK  registration  {at  the 
place  of  residence). 


npooHCbiBJaxb  [prAp^isi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
nponHc|axb  [prap^'isat^]  perf 
nponumy,  nponuuieuib,  p  -aji, 
imp  npoDHUiH  1.  register  {ai 
the  place  of  residence);  2.  pre- 
scribe {a  medicine). 

nponoBeAJb  [pr6pav'it^,-d^] 
/  -H,  -eu  sermon  preach- 
ing. 

nponopuHOHajibHibiH  [pra- 
partstAnaPnty]  a  sh  f  npo- 
nopuHOHajieu,  -a,  -o,  .-u  pro- 
portional, proportionate. 

nponycK  [propusk,  -zg]  m 
-a,  pi  -H  (-a),  -OB  (-6b)  1.  {pi 
-a,  -6b)  pass  (a  document); 
2.  {pi  -H,  -ob)  blank,  gap, 
interval;  3.  {pi  -h,  -ob)  ab- 
sence, non-attendance. 

nponycK|axb  [prapuskat^] 
imperf  -aK),~  -aeuib,  npony- 
cx[Hxb  [prapus^t^it^]  perf 
nponymy,  nponycxHuib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  let  pass,  let 
go  (past),  make  way  for;  let 
in,  admit;  let  {smb)  out  {of 
a  room,  etc);  2.  {no  perf)  let 
pass  (through)  {water, 'etc);  be 
transparent;  be  pervious  to 
{water,  etc);  3.  miss  {a  lec- 
ture, etc);  let  slip  {an  op- 
portunity, etc);  4.  omit,  leave 
out,  skip. 

npopBaxb  see  npopbmaxb. 
/npopBaxbCfl      see     npopu- 

BaXbCH. 

npopbiB  [prArif,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  mil  break-through;  2. 
fig  hitch  {in  work,  etc);  lag, 
lagging  behind  the  plan; 
jiHKBHAHpoBaxb  ^  catch  up 
with  the  plan;  make  good 
(m  one's  work);  BUBecxH  npeji- 


npo 


npH^THe  H3  ~a  help  an  en- 
terprise out  {of  serious  pro- 
duction difficulties);  help  an 
enterprise  catch  up  with  the 
plan. 

npopbiB[aTb  [prarivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  npopB|aTb 
[prArvat*']  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p 
-aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  -h 
break  (through)  {also  mil). 

npopbiB|aTbCj!  [prarivattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aembcn,  npo- 
pelaTbcn  [prArvattsa]  perf 
-ycb,  -euibCH,  p  ajick,  -ajiacb, 
-ajiocb  (-a;iocb),  -ajiHCb  (-a- 
jiiiCh),imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  1.  tear, 
become  torn,  burst;  2.  burst 
open;  break  {of  an  abscess, 
dyke,  etc);  3.  force  one's  way 
(through),  break  (through) 
{also  mil);  4.  fig  burst  forth, 
burst  out  {of  anger,  etc). 

npocBemeHH|e  [pras^v^i^- 
sh^:en^iy9]  n  -h  education, 
national  education;  enlighten- 
ment. 

njJoclHTb  [prAs^it^]  imperf 
npomy,  npocHiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  noinpocHTb  [paprAs^it**] 
perf  1.  ask,  beg  {smb  to  do 
smth,  permission,  etc);  ask 
for,  beg  for;  -— Hxb  mhjioctlihio 
beg,  go  begging;  2.  plead, 
intercede  {with  smb  for  smb); 
3.  invite,  ask; 

<>  npomy  Bac!  1)  please!;  2) 
help  yourself,  please!;  npo- 
cflT  He  KypHTb!  no  smoking, 
please! 

npocKjioH«Ti>      see      ckjio- 

HHTb    II. 

npocjiymaxb     see     npocjiy- 

lIIHBaTb. 

npocjiyuiMBJaib  [prAslushi- 


V9t^]  imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,  npo- 
cjiyiu|aTb  [prAslushat^]  perf 
-aK),  -aeiiib  1.  hear,  listen  to; 

2.  hear,  attend  {lectures,  etc)*, 

3.  (no  imperf)  miss,  not  catch 
{what  has  been  said). 

npocMaTpHB|aTb  [prAsmat- 
r^ivat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib^ 
npocMOTplexb  [prasmAtr^ef^] 
perf  -K),  npocMOTpHUib,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H  1.  look  through  /  over, 
run  over 5  2.  {no  imperf)  over- 
look, miss;  3.  see  {a  film, 
etc);  preview  {a  film,  etc). 

npocHyibCfl       see      npocbi- 

n^TbCH. 

npocnaxb  see  npocbinaxb  I. 

npocneKT  [prAs^p^ekt,  -gd] 
m  -a,  -OB  avenue    {a    street). 

npocnpjiraTb  see  cnpHraxb. 

npocp6HHB)aTb  [prAsroch^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
npocp6H|HTb  [prAsroch^it^j 
perf  -y,  -mub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  exceed  the  time-limit; 
npocpOHHTb  ynjiary  fail  to 
pay  in  time. 

npocTepexbcsi  see  npocxH- 
paxbCH. 

npocxHp|axbcH  [pras^t^i- 
rattsa]  imperf  -aexcH,  npo- 
cxepexbCH  [pras^f'i^r^ettsa] 
perf  p  npocxepcH,  npocxep- 
jiacb  stretch  {of  a  forest,  etc); 
~-axbCH  ji,o  qero-ji.  reach 
smth,  stretch  to  "smth. 

npocxHXb  see  npouj.axb. 

npocxHXbCfl  see  npomaxbCH. 

npocxo  [prosta]  I  adv 
simply; 

II  impers  predic  it  is  simple 
{to  do  smth);  it  is  easy  {to 
do  smth); 

III  part   intens   &   r^str  cqI; 


—  369  -- 


npo 


'-  yscac!  it's  just  awful!;  oh 
—  He  MojKei  pa3o6paTb  sto 
he  simply  cannot  make  it 
out;  OH  -~  HHqero  ne  snaex 
he  just  knows  nothing; 
<>  ~  TaK  for  no  particular 
reason. 

npocxloH  I  [prAstoy]  a  sh  f 
'—,  -a,    npocTO,   npocTbi  {-hi) 

1.  simple;  easy  {not  diff-' cult); 

2.  common,  ordinary;  plain, 
simple; 

<>  ~biM  rjiasoM  with  the 
naked  eye. 

npocTolfl  II  [prAstoy]  m  -h, 
-eB  standing  idle;  time 
wasted  (standing  idle),  period 
of  idleness;  demurrage  {de- 
tention). 

npocTOKBauila  [prastAkva- 
sha]  /  -H  sour  milk. 

npocT6pH|biH  [prAstorniy] 
a  sh  f  npocTopen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
spacious,  roomy;  loose,  wide 
{clothes). 

npocTpaHCTBlo  [prAstran- 
stva]  n  -a  space  (1)  unlim- 
ited room',  2)  room  between 
smth);  6e3B03flymHoe  ~o  1) 
phys  vacuum;  2)  outer  space; 
nycToe    ~o  void,  space. 

npocTyflHTbCJi    see  npocry- 

HCaTbCH. 

npocTy}K|aTbC5i  [prastuzha- 
ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH. 
npocTy;ilHTbCfl  [prastud^ittsa] 
perf     npocTy}Kycb,      npocry- 

JlHUIbCH,       p      -HJICH,       -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  catch  (a) 
cold. 

npocxynloK  [prAstupak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  misdemeanour, 
bad  deed,  bad  conduct. 

npocTbiHlfl     [prasttn^'a]    / 


-H,    pi     npOCTUHH,     npOCTblHb, 

-HM  (bed-)sheet. 

npocbinaxb  see  npocbi- 
naTb  II. 

npocbinlaxb  I  [prasipat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  npocn|aTb 
[prAspat^]  perf  -Jiib,  -Hiub,  p 
-a./i,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp 
-H  1.  oversleep  (oneself);  2. 
{no  imperf)  sleep  (////  or  for 
a  certain  time);  3.  col  (over- 
sleep and)  miss  {a  train,  etc). 

npocbm|aTb  II  [prastpat^] 
imperf  -k\o,  -aeuib,  npocbi- 
n|aTb  [prAstpat^]  perf  -jiio, 
-Huib,  p  -aji,  imp  -b  spill 
{sugar,  flour,  etc). 

npocbm|aTbcsi  [prasipattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiUbCH,  npo- 
cHJyTbCH  [prAsnuttja]  perf 
-ycb,  -euibCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  wake  (up), 
awake. 

np6cb6|a  [proz^ba]  /  -u,  ^ 

1.  request  {1)  the  act  of;  2) 
what  is  asked  for);  o6pau;axb- 
CH  c  —OH  make  a  request; 
y  MeHH  K  BaM  —a  may  I  ask 
you  a  favour?;  ~a  ne  my- 
Mexb  silence,  please!;  —a  ne 
KypHXb  no  smoking,  please!; 
2.:  ~a  o  HOMHJioBaHHH  ap- 
peal for  mercy,  appeal  for 
a  pardon. 

npoxcKJaxb  [prat^i^kat^] 
imperf  -aex,  npoxelnb  [prA- 
t^ech^]  perf  -ner,  -Kyx,  p 
npoxeK,  -Kjia  1.  {mostly  im- 
perf) flow,  run  {of  a  stream); 

2.  be  leaky,  leak;  3.  ooze, 
leak;  4.  elapse,  pass  (of  time); 
5.  fig  proceed  {of  a  process); 
~axb  HopMajibHO  take  its 
normal  course. 


tipd 


370  — 


npoxecT  [prAt'est,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  protest;  BbipasHXb  ^ 
make  a  protest,  remonstrate; 
noABTb  —  lodge  a  protest 
(with  some  organization). 

npoTecTlosaTb  [prat^'istA- 
vat'']  Imperf  *-yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-oeaji,  imp  -yn  protest,  re- 
monstrate {against). 

npOTCHb  see  nporeKaTb. 

npOTHB  [prot^if,  -v]  I  prep 
with  gen  denoting  1.  position 
opposite  smth:  ~  Moero  oKHa 
pacTCT  6epe3a  there  is  a  birch 
opposite  my  window;  CH^eTb 
Apyr  ^  APyra  sit  facing  each 
'other;  2.  movement  in  the 
opposite  direction:  ^  leqeHHn 
[Beipa,  CBeia  u  m.  n.] 
against  the  current  [wind, 
light,  etc]\  3.  opposition  to 
smb  or  smth;  the  fact  that 
smth  is  done  in  spite  of  smh's 
opinion^  etc.  BbiCTynarb  -^ 
npeflJiojKeHHH  oppose  /  come 
out  against  a  proposal;  speak 
against  a  proposal;  HMeib 
qxc-Ji.  ~  have  smth  against, 
mind;  ~  bojih  against  one's 
[smb's]  will;  4.  the  fact  that 
the  object  of  the  action  is  to 
be  done  away  with:  jienap- 
ctbo  ~  Kamji5i  medicine  for 
coughing;  fiopoibCH  ~  ^a- 
lUHSMa  fight  /  struggle  against 
fascism; 

II  as  an  adv.  h  xo^y  sto 
CAeJiaTb,  a  OH  —  I  want  to 
do  it,  and  he  is  against  it/ he 
objects  to  it;  5i  coecewi  He  ~ 
I've  nothing  against  it. 

npOTMBHHK  [prAt^ivn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  1.  opponent; 
adversary;  2.  mil  enemy. 


npOTHBHO  [prAt^ivna]  I  adv 
in  a  disgusting  manner;  — 
naxHyib  stink,  have  a  bad/ 
disgusting  smell; 
II  impers  predic  it  is  dis- 
gusting/repulsive/repugnant; 
eMy  ~  he  is  disgusted. 

npoTHBHlbiH  [prAt^ivniy]  a 
sh  f  npoTHBen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
nasty,  offensive,  unpleasant; 
OH  MHenpOTHBeH  I  can't  stand 
him. 

npoTHBorda  [prat^ivAgds, 
-z]  m  -a,  -OB  gas-mask. 

npoTHBOfl^ficTBHle  [prat^i- 
vAd^'eys^'t^v^'iya]  n  -Ji,  -fi 
opposition,   counteraction. 

npoTHBonoJi6«HocTlb  [pra- 
t^ivapAlozhnas^t^,  -z^d'^]  f 
-H,  -efl  1.  contrast,  opposi- 
tionj  2v  philos  opposite;  3.  op- 
posite, antipode,  antithesis; 
npHMan  ~b  exact  opposite; 
nojinan  '~b  exact  antithesis; 
<0>  B  ~b  HeMy-ji.  contrary  to 
smth;  B  ~b  KOMy-ji.  unlike 
smb. 

npOTHBono.n6»{HlbiH  [praf'i- 
vapAlozhniy]  a  sh  f  npoiH- 
BonojiOH^en,  -a,  -o,  -bi  oppo- 
site {side,  direction,  opinion)-, 
contrary,  opposed. 

npOTHBonocTdBHTb  see  npo- 

THBOnOCiaBJlHTb. 

npoTHBonocTaBjilflTb  [pra- 
t^ivapastAvl^at^]  imperf  -mo, 

-HeiDb,  npOTHBOnOCTaBlHTb 

[prat^ivapAstav^it''!  perf 
-jiio,  -HUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp  -b  1. 
contrast  {smth  with  smth); 
2.  oppose  {smth  to  smth). 

npoTHBopcHHle  [praf'ivA- 
r^ech^'iya]  n  -n,  -h  contra- 
diction; npHXOAHTb  B  -^e  c... 


~  371  — 


npo 


come  in  conflict  with...;  na- 
xoflHTbCH  B  ~H  c...  be  at 
variance  witli... 

np0THB0pe4|HTb  [prat^ivA- 
r^ech^it^]  imperf  -y,  -Hiub, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -h  1.  contradict 
{stub),  gainsay;  2.  contradict 
(smth),  run  counter  (to),  be 
at  variance  {with). 

npoTKHyxb  see    npoibiKaxb. 

npoTOKOJi  [pratAkol]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  minutes  {of  a  meeting, 
etc);  BecTH  —  tal<e  the  min- 
utes; 2.  protocol  {diplomatic). 

nporyxHyxb  s^e  TyxHyxb  II. 

npOTbiK|aTb  [pratikat'']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeujb,  npOTKH|yTb 
[prAtknut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  pierce  (through); 
transfix. 

npOTHrHB|aTb  [prAt^ag^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeinb,  npo- 
TJiH|yTb  [prot^i^nut^]  perf 
-y,  npoTHHeuib,  p  -yji,  imp 
-H  1.  stretch  {along  or  as  far 
as  smth);  2.  stretch  out,  reach 
out,  extend;  offer,  proffer; 
3.  {no  imperf)  col  last,  lin- 
ger,  live; 

<0>  npOTjiHyTb  HOPH  col  ^  die, 
turn  up  one's  toes. 

npoTfl)KeHH!e  [prat^i^zhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h    extent,    stretch; 

Ha      ~H      ACCHTH      KHJIOMexpOB 

for  a  distance  of  ten  kilo- 
metres; Ha  BceM  ~H  all  (the 
way)  along,  the  full  length 
(of); 

<>  Ha  ~H...  for  (the  space 
of)  {several  days,  etc). 

npOTJiHyTb  see  npoTHPH- 
Baxb. 

npoyH|Hxb  [prauch^'it^]  perf 
-y,    npoyHHuib,     p    -idJi,    imp 


-i5"  col  teach  a  (good)  les- 
son. 

npo(|)eccHOHajibHbiH  [praf^i- 
s^iAuaPniy]  a  professional; 
occupational  {disease,  etc); 
vocational  {training,  etc). 

npocjjeccHJji  [prAf^es^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  profession,  occupation, 
trade. 

npo(j)eccop  [prAf^esar]  m 
-a,  pi  -a,  -OB  professor  (a 
teacher). 

np64)Hji|b  [prof^il^]  m  -h, 
-efl  1.  profile;  2.  speciality  (o/ 
an  educational  institution); 
type  {of  school);  cneuna- 
JiHCx  uiHpoKoro  -~5i  special- 
ist of  broad  specialization. 

npO(})coK)3  [prafsAyus,  -z] 
m  -a,  -OB  (=npo4)eccHOHajib- 
HbiH  coK)3)  trade  union. 

npo$coK)3HbiH  fprafsAyuz- 
niy]  a  trade-union  {attr). 

npoxjiaAH|b!H  [prAkhladniy] 
a  sh  f  npoxjiaflCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
fresh;  cool  {also  fig). 

npoxoA  [prAkhot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  passage  {1)  the  act  of; 
2)  a  corridor);  passage-way, 
pass;  aisle;  —'  saKpbix  no 
passage;  --a  Hex  no  passage; 
<>  3a;iHHH  —  anat  anus; 
zool  vent;  ne  aaeaxb  -~-a 
(~y)  KOMy-ji.  pursue  smb 
pestering  and  badgering  him. 

^poxo;^)Hxb  [prakhAd^it^] 
imperf  npoxoxcy,  npoxoAHuib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H,  npOH|xH 
[prAyt^i]  perf  -Ay,  -j\euib,  p 
npomeji,  npoiujia,  imp  -ah 
1.  walk  {move);  go  {on  foot) 
{both  mostly  in  a  certain  di- 
rection or  for  a  certain  dis- 
tance);  go    {along    a   certain 


npo 


—  372  — 


route  in  a  vehicle);  fly  (over, 
along);  drive  (along);  sail 
(along);  —htb  no  Mocry  cross 
abridge;  ~HTb  flBaAUaxb  kh- 
jiOMexpoB  B  AeHb  cover  twen- 
ty kilometres  a  day;  npoft- 
flHTe  ciofla  come  over  liere; 
npoHTH  cjiaBHbiH  nyib  cover 
a  glorious  path;  2.:  ~HTb 
MHMO  go  by,  pass  (by)  (both 
on  foot  or  in  a  vehicle); 
3.  spread  (of  rumours,  etc); 
npomeji  cjiyx,  mo...  it  was 
rumoured  that...;  it  has  been 
rumoured  that...;  4.  run,  lie, 
pass  (of  a  road,  etc);  5.  pass, 
elapse,  go  by  (of  time);  ex- 
pire (of  a  term);  slip  away 
(of  time);  6.  go  off,  pass  (of 
a  performance,  lesson,  etc); 
noBCioAy  npoxoAHT  mhthhth 
rallies  are  held  everywhere; 
7.  be  over,  pass  (of  a  season, 
illness,  etc);  8.  col  study  (a 
subject  at  school,  etc);  perf 
also  cover,  complete  (a  sub- 
ject), 

npox6)KfHH  [prAkhozhty]  m 
-ero,  -Hx  passer  by. 

npouBerjaTb  [pratjv^i^tat^] 
imperf  -^k),  -aeiub  prosper, 
flourish;  thrive  (of  economy). 

npoucHT  [prAtjent,  -d  j  m  -a, 
-OB  1<  per  cent;  percentage, 
rate;  2.  interest  (on  capital). 

npouecc  [prAtjes,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  process  (1)  of  growth, 
etc;  2)  technol;  3)  a  course 
of  events);  —  pasBHTHH  de- 
velopment; 2.  law  trial;  pro- 
ceedings; legal  action;  law- 
suit, suit;  3.  med'.  —  b  jier- 
KHX  tuberculosis  (of  the 
lungs). 


npouHTHpoBaxb  see  uHTHpo- 
Baib. 

npoHecTb  see  qHiaxb. 

np6H|HH  [proch^iy]  I  a -an, 
-ee,  -He  other  (different); 
I!  as  a  noun  n  p  6 h  |  He  pi 
-Hx:  Bce  ~He  (all)  the  others; 
<>  H  ~ee  et  cetera,  and  so 
on;  noMHMO  ecero  ~ero  in 
addition,  besides. 

npoHHiaTb  see  ^HTaxb. 

npOHHlbiH  fproch^nty]  a 
sh  f  npoHCH,  -a,  o,  -bi  (-h) 
1.  strong,  solid;  durable;  2. 
fig  'irm  {stand,  etc);  lasting 
(peace,  etc);  sound  (knowl- 
edge). 

npoHb  [proch^,  -j^]  adv 
away,  off;  —I  go  away!, 
away  with  youl;  ~  oxcfb^al 
get  out  of  here!,  clear  out!; 
~  c  AopoFH!  get  out  of  the 
way!,  make  way!; 
<>  He  —  1)  have  nothing 
against  (doing  smth),  have 
no  objections  to  (doing 
smth);  2)  be  willing  (to  do 
smth),  would  like(^o  do  smth). 

npouijibiH  [pr6shUy]  I  a 
past  (life,  etc);  last  (year, 
etc); 

II  as  a  noun    n  p  6m  Ji  joe  n 
-oro  the  past. 

npomafi(xe)  [prAsh^:ay(t^i)] 
Int  good-bye! 

npoiu,ajibHbiH  [prAsh^:al^- 
niy]  a  parting  (words,  etc); 
farewell. 

npomaHHle  [prAsh^.an^iya] 
n    -H,    -H    farewell;    parting, 
leave-taking; 
<>   Ha  ~e  at  parting. 

npomlaxb  [prAsh^'.at^]  im- 
perf   -aK),  -aeujb,    npocxlHib 


373  — 


ncn 


[prAs^'t^it'']  perf  npomy, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  forgive, 
pardon;  remit  (a  debt);  npo- 
CTH(Te)  mchh!  excuse  me! 

npoiu,|aTbCfl  [prAsh^:atts3] 
imperf  -arocb,  -aeuibCH,  npo- 
crlMTbCH  [prAs^'t^'ittsa]  perf 
npomycb,  -HuibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb,  noi- 
npomarbcfl  [paprAsh^iattsa] 
perf  say  good-bye  {to),  take 
(one's)  leave  {of). 

npome  [pr6sh'':i]  comp  of 
npocTOH  &  corresp  adv. 

nposKsaMeHOBaTb  see  3K3a- 
MeHOBaxb. 

npOHBHTb      see      npOHBJIHTb. 

npoHBji(flTb  [prayi^vl^'at^] 
imperf  -hkd,  -neuib,  npoHBlHTb 
[prayi^v^it^]  perf  -jik>,  npo- 
HBHiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1. 
show,  display,  manifest 
{some  feeling,  etc);  ~HTb  ne- 
peiuHxejibHocTb  hesitate,  be 
in  doubt;  2.  photo  develop; 
<>  '— «Tb  ce6fl  1)  prove  one's 
worth;  2)  prove  oneself  to  be 
(a   good  teacher,    etc). 

npyA  [prut,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
pond. 

npy)KMH|a  [pruzhtna]  /  -bi, 
^  spring  {in  a  watch,  etc; 
also  fig). 

npyx  [prut,  -dj  m  -a  (-a), 
pi  -bH,  -beB  1.  twig,  switch; 
withe;   2.  rod  {of  metal,  etc). 

nphirjaxb  [prtgat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  npbirHJyxb  [prtg- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  jump,  spring,  leap; 
bound  {of  a  dog,  etc);  perf 
also  take  a  leap  /  jump. 

npbiwIoK  [prizhok,'  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  jump,  spring,  leap; 


~6k  b  Bbicoxy  high  jump; 
-OK  B  ;;jiHHy  (long)  jump; 
~6k  r  mecxoM  pole  vault; 
~KH  B  BOAy  diving;  high 
diving. 

npbim  [prish^:,  -zh^:[  m 
-a,   -eft  pimple,  blotch. 

npflfljb  [pr^at^,  -d'']  /  -h, 
-eft  lock  {of  hair). 

np«)K|Ka  [pr^'ashka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  buckle,  clasp. 

npHMO  [pr^ama]  adv  1. 
straight  {in  a  direct  line); 
2.:  CHAexb  ~  sit  upright  / 
erect;  3.  straight,  directly  {to, 
from  some  place,  etc);  right 
{to);  4.  fig  frankly,  openly, 
bluntly. 

^jipnMJOH  [pr^i^moy]  a  sh 
f  — ,  -a,  npHMo,  npHMbi  1. 
straight  {line,  etc);  2.  upright, 
erect;  3.  direct  {answer,  elec- 
tions, etc);  through  {train, 
etc);  4.  frank,  sincere,  out- 
spoken; straightforward; 
<>  ~a5i  KHuiKa  anat  rectum; 
~6h  yroji    math  right  angle. 

npaHHK  [pr^an^ik,  -g[  m 
-a,  -OB  treacle-cake;  honey- 
-cake;  gingerbread. 

npMJxaxb  [pr^atat^]  imperf 
-My,  -'leuib,  p  -xaji,  imp  -Mb, 
cinpHxaxb  [spr^atat^]  perf 
hide,  conceal  {also  fig). 

npfl|xaxbCJi  [pr^atattja]  im- 
perf -^ycb,  -qeuibCH,  p  -xajicH, 
-xajiacb,  imp  -^bCH,  -^bxecb, 
c:npflxaxbcfl  [spr^atattja] 
perf  hide,  conceal    oneself. 

ncHXHHecKJHH  [ps^ikh^i- 
ch^'isk'^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  psy- 
chic(al),  mental. 

ncMXOJiorH'ifl  [ps'^ikhAlo- 
g^iya]  /  -h  psychology. 


nrn 


—  374  — 


niHuja  [pt^itsa]  /  -bi,  '~- 
bird;  fowl;  nepejieiHan  —a 
bird  of  passage  (also  fig). 

nyejiMKJa  [publ^ika]  /  -h 
public;  audience  (at  the  the- 
atre, etc);    the  spectators. 

nySjiHRJOBaTb  [publ^ikA- 
vat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeiub,  p 
-oeaji,  imp  -yfl,  o;ny6jiHKo- 
EaTb  [Apubl^ikAvat^]  perf 
publish;  carry  {of  a  newspa- 
per, etc). 

nySjiMHHbiH  [publ^ich^niy] 
a  public  (library,  lecture, 
etc); 

<>  ^  AOM    brothel,    house  of 
prostitution. 

nyr|dTb     [pucjj^*']     imperf 


-aio,  -aeuib,  hc 
gat^]  perf,  Ha 


nyraib    [ispu- 
nyraxb   [napu- 


gat^j  perf  1.  frighten,  scare; 
2.  threaten  (smb). 

nyrjaxbCM  [pugattja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  Hc;ny- 
raxbcn  [ispugattj9[  per/,  na;- 
nyraxbCJi  [napugattja]  perf 
be  frightened;  take  alarm. 

nyrjiHBlbiH  [pugPivty]  a 
sh  f  ~,  -a,  -0,  -bi  easi- 
ly frightened  /  scared;  fearful 
(look,  etc);  shy  (animals). 

nyroBHu|a  [pugav^itja]  / 
-bi,  —  button  (a  fastening  or 
ornament). 

nyA  [put,  -d]  m  -a,  pi  -u, 
-OB  pood  (16.38  kg). 

nyAp|a  [pudra]  /  -bi  (face) 
powder. 

nyAp|HXbCfl  [pudr^ittja]  im- 
perf   -KDCb,     -HLUbCH,     p     -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,      imp  -HCb,     -Hiecb, 

HainyflpHx'bCH  [nApudr^ittsa] 

perf  powder  (one's  face), 
use  powder. 


nyabipjb  [puzk^]  m  -h, 
-eft  1.  bubble,  bladder;  2. 
col  blister  (on  the  skin);  3. 
anat  bladder;  MoqeBOH  --b 
urinary  bladder. 

nyjieMex  [pul^i^m^'ot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  machine-gun;  pyq- 
HOH  ~  light  machine-gun; 
cxaHKOBbiH  —  medium  ma- 
chine-gun; 6^5  heavy  ma- 
chine-gun. 

nyjibc  [pul^s,  -z]  m  -a 
pulse  (also   fig);    pulse  rate. 

nyji|fl  [pul^a]  /  -h,  -b 
bullet. 

nyHKx  [punkt,  -gd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  point  (a  place);  onop- 
HbiH  --  mil  strong  point, 
stronghold;  2.  station  (for 
recruiting,  etc);  neperoBop- 
HbiH  —  trunk-call  office;  Me- 
AHUHHCKHii  ■—  dispensary;  3. 
item,  point;  4.:  KyjibMHHa- 
UHOHHbiH  ~  culmination  [the 
highest  point); 

<>  HacejieHHbiH  —  settle- 
ment (a  town  or  a  village); 
populated  area;  inhabited 
locality. 

nycKJaxb  [puskat"^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  nycx|Hxb  [pus^- 
t^it'']  perf  nymy,  nyciHiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  let  (smb  go 
somewhere);  allow  (smb  to  go 
somewhere);  2.  let  (smb)  in; 
3.  start,  put  in  action;  set 
working;  set  in  motion;  turn 
on  (water,  etc);  4.  bot  put 
forth;  --axb  KopHH  take  root 
(also  fig); 

<>  ~axb  B  npoMSBOAcxBO  put 
in  production;  ~axb  e  xofl 
Bce  cpcACXBa  ^  pull  every 
string,    leave   no    stone  un- 


—  375 


nyx 


turned:  --axb  cjiyx  spread  a 
rumour. 

nycTJOH  [pustoy]  a  sh  f  ^, 
-a,  nycTO,  nycru  1.  empty 
{box,  etc);  uninhabited 
(house),  deserted    (town,  etc); 

2.  fig  idle  (talk,  etc)',  shal- 
low (person)',  -^-bie  cjioBa 
mere  /  empty  words; 

^  -^oe  MecTO  nonentity; 
nepejiHBarb  h3  —ore  b  no- 
p6)KHee  col  ^  mill  the  wind; 
beat  the  air. 

nycTbiHH|biH  [pusttnniy]  a 
sh  f  nycTbiHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
desert  (lands,  etc);  deserted 
(street,  etc). 

nycTbiH|fl  [pustln^a]  /  -h, 
-b  desert,  wilderness. 

nycTb  [pus^t^,  -z^d'']  1 
part'.  —'  OH  BOHAeTl  let  him 
(come)  in!;  -^  6yAeT  no-Ba- 
meMy  have  it  your  own  way; 
II  cj  though,  even  if. 

nycTHK  [pus^t^ak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  trifle  (a  thing  of  lit- 
tle value); 

<>  ~m!  col  1)  it's  nothing!; 
2)  nonsense!;    3)  never  mind! 

nyxaHHula  [putan^'itsa]  / 
-bi  confusion,    mess,  muddle. 

nyTJaxb  [putat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aemb  1.  tangle  (threads, 
etc);    2.    confuse,    mix  (up); 

3.  confuse,  muddle,  bewilder. 
nyxeelKa  [put^ofka]  /  -kh, 

-OK  accommodation  ticket/ 
card;  voucher  (to  a  rest- 
-home,  etc). 

nyxeeoAHxejilb  [put^ivAd^i- 
t^il**]  m  -H,  -efi  guide-book 
(for  travellers). 

nyxcM  [put^om]  prep  with 
^en  by  means  of. 


nyxemecxeeHHHK  [put^i®- 
shes^t^v^m^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  traveller  (one  who  trav- 
els); explorer. 

nyxemecxBHle  [put^i^she- 
gbj-bybjygj    ^  .jj^  .g  journey, 

travel,  trip;  voyage. 

nyxeuiecxeloBaxb  [put^i*^- 
shestyvat^]  imperf -ywi,  -yeuib, 
p  -OBaji,  imp  -yH  travel, 
make  a    journey;    voyage. 

nyxjb  [put^,  -d^l  m  -u, 
-efi  1.  way,  track,  path; 
npoHAeHHbiH  —  b  traversed 
path;  2.  journey,  trip;  voy- 
age; oxnpaBHTbCH  /  nycTHTb- 
CH  B  ~b  set  out,  start  on  a 
journey  /  trip;  naxoAHTbCH 
B  — H  be  en  route,  be  on 
one's  way;  3.  fig  means, 
way;  mhphhm  — -cm  peace- 
fully, in  a  friendly  way; 
Apyroro  /  hhofo  -^h  hct 
there  are  no  two  ways  about 
it;  4.  fig  way,  path;  no  jie- 
HHHCKOMy  --H  aloug  the  path 
blazed  by  Lenin;  hath  no  —  h 
qero-Ji.  follow  the  path  of 
smth;  npOHTH  -—b  ox  pa66- 
Mero  Ao  MHHHcxpa  work  one's 
way  up  from  worker  to  min- 
ister; 

<>  Bcxaxb  Ha  ~b  4er6-ji. 
embark  on  the  path  of  smth, 
take  the  road  of  smth;  no 
--H  1)  on  the  way;  2):  BaM 
no  '-H  CO  MHOH?  are  you 
going  my    way?;    npOBO»axb 

KOrO-JI.       B        nOCJieAHHH       ~b 

attend  smb's  funeral;  cnacx- 
jiHBoro  ~h!  happy  journey!, 
bon  voyage! 

nyx  [pukh.  -gh]  m  -a  (-y) 
down  (soft  feathers); 


nym 


—  376  — 


<>  HH  ~-a  HH  nepa!  =  good 
luck!;  B  —  H  npax  utterly 
(defeat,  rout);  pasGHib  b  — 
H  npax  rout  (smb). 

nyiuHCT|biH  [pushlstiy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  fluffy, 
downy. 

nyiij|Ka  [pushka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  gun,  cannon. 

nyiijHHH|a  [pushn^ina]  / 
-bi  furs. 

nymy  [push^'iu]  1st  person 
of  nycTHTb;  see  nycKaxb. 

nnejija  [pch^i^la]  /  -bi,  pi 
rmejibi,  nweji  bee  •  (an  in- 
sect). 

nuieHHUJa  [psht^n'^itja]  / 
-bi  wheat;  npoBan  ~-a  spring 
wheat;  osHMan  ~a  winter 
wheat. 

nmeHJo  [pshi^no]  n  -a 
millet. 

nbiji  [pil]  m  -a  (-y)  ardour, 
fervour; 

^  B  — y  cnopa  in  the  heat 
of  an  argument;  b  —  y  cpa- 
»eHHsi  in  the  thick  of  a 
fight;  B  — y  rHCBa  in  a  fit 
of  anger. 

nbijijarb  [ptlat'']  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib  1.  be  ablaze; 
flame,  blaze;  glow  [of  the 
face,  etc);  2.  fig  burn  (with); 
~aTb  FHCBOM  be  in  a  rage. 

nbijiecoc  [ptl^'i^sos,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  vacuum  cleaner. 

nbiJiK|HH  [ptlk'^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  nujioK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  ardent,  passionate,  fer- 
vent. 

nbiji|b  [pil*']  /  -H  dust  (a 
powdery  matter);  spray  (small 
drops);  CMexaib  ~b  c  Mer6-;i. 
dust  smth; 


<C>  nycKaib    —b  b    rjiasa  col 

=  cut  a  dash,  show  off. 

obiJibHlbiH  [piPniy]  a  shf 
ObiJieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  dusty 
(road,  etc). 

nbiTJaxb  [pitat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeujb  torture,  torment 
(also  fig). 

nbiTlaibCji  [pitattja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeujbCH,  no:nbi< 
xaTbcn  [papitattja]  per/ try, 
attempt;  endeavour. 

nbiTJKa  [pftka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
torture,  torment  (also  fig); 
anguish;  noABepraxb  -— Keput 
to  torture. 

nbimH|biM  [pfshniy]  a  sh  f 
nbimen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  fluffy, 
luxuriant;  2.  pompous  (words, 
etc);    splendid,    magnificent. 

nbec|a  [p^'yesa]  /  -bi,  -- 
theat  play;  mus  piece;  cra- 
BHTb  ~y  stage  a  play. 

nbK)         fp'^yu],  nbeuib 

[p^yosh,  -zh]  see  nHXb. 

nb$iH|eTb  [p^yi^n^et*']  im- 
perf -eK),  -eeiiJb,  ojnbsiHeTb 
[Ap^yi^n^et^]  per/ get  drunk; 
get  intoxicated  (also  fig). 

nbflHHu|a  [p^yan'^itja]  m  & 
f  -bi,   ~  drunkard,  toper. 

nbHH|biH  [p^yaniy]  I  a  sh 
f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  drunk,  tipsy; 
intoxicated  (also  fig);  na- 
HHTbCH  —biM  get  drunk; 
II  as  a  noun  n  b  h  h  |  bi  ft  m 
-oro,  -bix  drunk  man. 

n5iTep|Ka  [p'^i'^t^'orka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  five  (a  figure); 
2.  five,  excellent  (a  mark 
at  school);  3.  col  fiver, 
five-rouble  note. 

HMxepio  [p^at^'ira]  num 
collect    -ux.    -WM,    -bix    (-0), 


~  377 


pa6 


■b'lMH,  (o)  -bix  five;  nac  6biJio 
~o  there  were  five  of  us. 

nflTH66pb|e  [p^it^ibor^ya] 
n  -H  sport  pentathlon. 

naTHitecsiTHJiCTHle  [p^it^i- 
d^is^it^il^et^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1. 
fifty  years;  2.  fiftieth  anni- 
versary; fiftieth   birthday. 

njiTHjiecaTibiH  [p^it'^id^i^- 
s'^atiy]  num.  ord  fiftieth; 
^bie  roAW  the  fifties. 

nflTHJieTJKa  [p^it^il^etka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  five-year  plan. 

nHT|HTbCfl  [p^at^ittja]  im- 
perf  HHHycb,  -HiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb, 
noinnxHTbcji  [pAp^'at^'ittja] 
perf  back,  move  back. 

nflT|Ka  [p^atka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
heel  {of  the  foot). 

nnxHaAuaTbiH  [p^i^tnattja- 
tiy]  num  ord  fifteenth. 

n«THaAU,aT|b  [p^i^tnattjat^, 
-d^]  num  card  -h,  -bK)  fifteen. 


n^THHu|a     [p^at^n^itja]     / 
-bi,   ~  Friday; 
<>  y  Hero  ccMb  -^  Ha  He^ejie 

col  ^  he  is  always  changing 
his  mind. 

nHTHJo  [p^i^tno]  n  -a,  pi 
HHTHa,  nnxeH.  nnxHaM  spot, 
stain  {aho  fig);  blotch,  blot; 
<>  poflHMoe  —6     birth-mark. 

nflT|biH  [p^atiy]  nam  ord 
fifth;  nojioBHHa  -~-oro  half 
past  four;  eMy  ~bift  roA  he 
is  in  his  fifth  year. 

nflTJb  [p^at'',  -d^]  num 
card  -H,  -bK)  five. 

njiTbflec^T  [p^id^d^i^s^at, 
-d]  nufn  card  nHiHAecHTH, 
nHTbiOAecHTbK)  fifty. 

nsiTbcoT  [p^i^tsot,  -d]  num 
card  njiTHCOT,  nHTHcxaM,  ~, 

HHTblOCTaMH,       (o)       HHTHCTaX 

five  hundred. 
HHHycb  [p^ach^us^,  -z^]  see 

HHTHTbCH. 


pa6  [rap,  -b]  m  -a,  -6b 
slave  {also  fig). 

pa^OTJa  [rAbota]  /  -u,  pi 
-bi,  -^  1.  work  {1)  labour; 
2)  something  to  do;  task, 
duty;  3)  something  made  or 
done;  4)  phys);  o6ii;ecTBeH- 
Han  ~a  social  /  public  work; 
6biTb  Ha  pyKOBOAHiueft  —e  be 
one  of  the  leadership;  hold 
a  responsible  post/  posit'on; 
jioMaiiiHHH  —a  home-work; 
KypcoBan  ~a  course /term 
paper;  AHnJioMHan  ~a  grad- 
uation /  diploma     thesis;      2. 


work,  job;  CHHTb  c  —bi  dis- 
miss, sack;  6biTb  6e3  ~bi  be 
out  of  work;  nojieBwe  ~bi 
field  work;  npHHyAHTejibHbie 
—  bi  fenced  labour. 

paSoTJaxb  [rAbotat^l  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib  1.  work  {1) 
do  work;  2)  be  employed: 
3)  operate,  be  in  action); 
—aTb  yMHTCJieM  work  as  a 
teacher;  KeM  bm  — aexe? 
what  do  you  do?,  what's 
your  occupation?;  -—axb  Ha 
Koro-Ji.  work  for  smb;  —axb 
HaA    HCM-Ji.    work    at   smthj 


pa6 


—  378  — 


^aTb  CBepxypoqHo  work 
overtime;  2.  be  open  (of  a 
library,  etc); 

^  ~aTb  Haji  coGoH  im- 
prove /  perfect  one's  profes- 
sional skill  [knowledge,  etc]. 
paSoTHHK  [rAbot^n'^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  worker  (1)  excel- 
lent, skilled,  etc,  said  of 
mental  and  manual  workers; 
2)  in  the  field  of  art,  etc); 
HayMHbiH  —  scientific  work- 
er; research  worker;  schol- 
ar; —  HapoAHoro  o6pa30Ba- 
HHH,  --  npocBemeH.HH  educa- 
tional worker;  oxBeTCTBen- 
HbiH    —    executive,    official; 

--H   4)H3HHeCKOrO     H    yMCTBCH- 

Horo  xpy^a  workers  by  hand 
and  brain. 

paSoTHHula  [rAbot^n^itja] 
/  -bi,  ^  (woman- )worker. 

pa6oTOcnoc66HocT|b  [rAbo- 
taspASobnas^t^,  -z^'d'*]  /  -h 
(great)  capacity  for  work, 
efficiency  (of  a  worker). 

pa66H|iiH  I  [rAboch^iy]  m 
-ero,  -HX  worker,  workman, 
labourer;  '-He  h  cjiyjKamHe 
industrial  and  office  work- 
ers. 

pa66H|HH  II  [rAboch^iy]  a 
-an,  -ee,  -He  1.  workers', 
working,  labour  (attr)^  ~hh 
KJiacc  the  working  class; 
~ee  flBH}KeHHe  working-class 
movement;  labour  movement; 
•~HH  nocejiOK  workmen's 
settlement;  2.  working  {time, 
clothes,  day,  etc); 
<«-  --He  pyKH  hands  (labour- 
ers); '-aa  cHjia  manpower, 
labour  power. 

pa6cK|HH  [rapsk^iy]  a  -an, 


-06,  -He  1.  slave  (attr);  2.  fig 
servile,  slavish. 

pa6cTB0  [rapstva]  n  -a 
slavery,  servitude. 

paeeHCTBlo  [rav^mstva]  n 
-a  equality. 

paBHHH|a  [rAvn^ina]  /  -u, 
^  plain,  flat  country. 

paBHOBecHJe  [ravnAv^'es^iya] 
n  -51  balance,  equilibrium 
(also  fig);  nojiHiHqecKoe  ~e 
balance  of  power;  AyiuesHoe 
~-e  mental  equilibrium;  bu- 
BecTH  H3  ^n  1)  upset  the 
balance  (of);  2)  fig  upset 
(smb),  upset  (smb's)  equanim- 
ity. 

paBHo;iyuiH|biH  [rsvnAdush- 
nty]  a  sh  f  paBHo;iyuieH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  indifferent,  apathetic. 

paBHOMepH|biH  [ravnAm^'er- 
niyj  a  sh  f  paBHOMepen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  even  (distribution, 
developmeni ,  etc);  uniform 
(motion,  acceleration,  etc). 

paBHonpaBH|e  [ravnApra- 
v'iya]  n  -Ji  equality  (of 
rights). 

paBHlwH  [ravnty]  a  sh  f 
paneH,  -a,  -6,  -bi  equal  (in 
amount,  size,  value,  etc); 
paccTOHHHe,  '— 'Oe  o^noMy 
KHJioMCTpy  a  distance  of  one 
kilometre;  A-nHna  ~a  AByM 
MexpaM  the  length  is  two 
metres;  oxHOCHXbCH  k  KOMy-Ji. 
KaK  K  -—OMy  treat  smb  as 
one's  equal;  b  --oh  cxenenH 
equally,  to  the  same  degree; 
npH  npo^HX  ~bix  ycjioBHHX 
other  things  being  equal; 
<>  ~biM  oSpasoM  equally, 
likewise. 

paBHlflTbCfl       [rAvn^attja] 


—  379  — 


paa 


imperf  -niocb,  -^euibCJi, 
cipaBHHTbCfl  [srAvn^attsa] 
perf  1.  {no  perf)  dress  (corns 
into  line);  2.  {no  perf)  be 
equal  {to),  be  equivalent  (/o); 
amount  (to);  Asa  njiioc  abb 
~HeTCH  qeTbipcM  two  and 
two  makes  /  is  /  is  equal  to 
four;  3.  col  vie  (with),  com- 
pete {with);  4.  {no  perf)  fig: 
— HTbCH  Ha  Koro-Ji./no  KOMy- 
-jih6o  follow  suit/smb's  exam- 
ple. 

pafl  [rat,  -d]  predic  -a, 
-o,  -bi:  H  [oh  u  m.  d.]  ^  I 
am  [he  is,  etc]  glad;  ona 
~a  STOMy  she  is  glad  about 
it. 

paAH  [rad^i]  prep  with 
gen  for  the  sake  of;  myxKH 
—  lor  fun;  qero  ~?  what 
for?; 

-^  ^  66ra  for  goodness' 
sake. 

paAHO     [rad^io]    n    indecl 

1.  radio,  wireless;  no  ~ 
over    the    radio;    by    radio; 

2.  col    radio  /  wireless  set. 
pa^HO...    first    element   of 

compounds  pertainin:;  to  'ra- 
dio', 'wireless':  pa^HOBemaHHe 
[rad''iav'*i^sh'*:an^iy9]  broad^ 
casting;  pa^HOjiaMna  [rad^ia- 
lamp9]  valve;  US  tube;  pa- 
AHonepeAaqa  [rad^'iap^'ir^i^- 
dach^a]  broadcast,  transmis- 
sion; programme  {items  of 
a  broadcast)',  pa^HOCBHSb 
[rad^ias^v^as^,  -z^]  radio/ 
wireless  communication. 

paAHonpHeMHHK  [rad'ia- 
pr^iyomn'ik,  -gj  m  -a,  -ob 
radio  set;  radio  receiver. 

paAH0CTaHi;H|fl       [rad^lA- 


stantsiya]  /  -h,  -fl  radio 
station;  broadcasting  station. 

paAHCT  [rAd^ist,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  wireless/ radio  opera- 
tor. 

paAHyc  frad^ius,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  math  radius. 

paAJoBaTb  [radavat^]  im- 
perf -yio,  -yeiub,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yH,  o6:paAOBaTb  [Abra- 
davat^]  perf  make  glad/ 
happy,  cause  joy,  gladden; 
3T0  H3BecTHe  oSpaAOBaJio 
MeHH  I  was  happy  to  hear 
the  news. 

paAloeaTbcn  [radavattsa] 
imperf  -yioch,  -yeuibCH,  p 
-oBajicH,  -OBajiacb,  imp  -yft- 
CH,  -yftxecb,  o6;paAOBaTbcsi 
[Abradavattja]  perf  rejoice, 
be  happy /glad  {about  smth. 
for  smb's  sake). 

paAOCTH|biH  [radasniy]  a 
'h  f  paAocreH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
joyous,  joyful;  ~oe  HSBe- 
CTHe  happy  /  glad  news. 

paAOCT|b  [radas^t^,  -z'd^] 
/  -H,  -efi  joy,  gladness;  ot 
^H  for/  with  joy. 

paAyrja  [raduga]  if  -h,  ^ 
rainbow. 

paAyiiiH|biH  [rAdushniyJ  a 
r/i  /  paAymen,  -a,  -o,  -u 
cordial  {welcome  etc);  --ufl 
X03HHH  generous  /  engaging 
host. 

pas  1  [ras,  -z]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -bi,  ^,  -aM  1.  time(i)  an 
occasion-,  2)  a  repeated  in- 
stance); Ha  3T0T  /  Ha  cefl  -^ 
this  time,  on  this  occasion;  e 
cJieAyiomHH  —  next  time; 
nepBbiH  '-  the  first  time; 
for  the  first  time;  --    b  AeHfe 


pas 


-  380  — 


[b  HCAeJiKD  u,  m.  d.\  once  a 
day  [week,  etc\\  BCHKHft  --, 
KorAa...  whenever...;  oahh 
'-  at  one  point,  once;  c  nep- 
Boro  ~-a  from  the  first;  hh 
--'y  not  a  single  time;  never; 
2.  indecl  one  (m  counting); 
<>  '^  (h)  HaecerAa  once 
(and)  for  all;  ne  ^  several 
times,  more  than  once;  time 
and  again;  ~  Ha  ~  He  npH- 
xoflMTCJi  it's  not  always  the 
same;  e  caMbifl  ^  be  an 
excellent  fit  (0/  clothes, 
etc). 

pas  II  [ras,  -z]  cj  denot- 
ing consequence,  condition, 
cause  or  reason:  ~  oh  3ao- 
poB,  oh  noHJier  c  naMH  since 
he  is  well,  he'll  come  with 
us;  ~  OH  CKasaJi,  to  sto 
fleftcTBHTejibHO  TaK  if  he  has 
said  it,  then  it's  really  so; 
-—  xaK...   in  that  case... 

pas...,  paso...,  pasTj..., 
pac...  pref  of  verbs  denot- 
ing 1.  breaking  up,  divi- 
sion: pa3py6HTb  [razrub^it^] 
cut  (into  two,  into  pieces); 
pacHHJiHTb  [rasp^'il^it**]  saw 
up,  cut  up;  2.  distribution: 
pasjiHBaib  BHHO  no  6yTbiJi- 
KaM  bottle  wine;  3.  the 
spreading  of  an  action  in 
different  directions:  paa- 
6pbi3raTb  [rAzbrtzgaf*]  splash 
(a  liquid);  4.  achievement  of 
a  result;  pas-bHCHHib  [raz''- 
yi^s*'n^it^]  explain,  elucidate 
{smth  to  smb);  pasSorareTb 
(razbagAt^et'']  become  rich; 
5.  reversal  of  an  action:  pas- 
jiK)6HTb  (raz^j^'ub^'it'']  cease 
to  love,  stop  loving;  pasMar- 


HHTHTb  [razmAgn^it^it^]  de- 
magnitize;  6.  an  excessive 
character  or  a'  high  degree 
of  an  action:  pacxeajiHTb 
[raskhvAPit*']  chower  praise 
on;  pacKpHTHKOBaTb  [raskr^i- 
t^ikAvat'']  criticize  severely; 
pasBOJiHOBaxbCH  [razvalnAva- 
ttja]get  excited  /  agitated. 

pasSaoHTb  see  pa36aBJiHTb. 

pa36aBJi|nTb  [razbAvl^'at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -fleiub,  pasSa- 
BJHTb  [rAzbav^it^]  perf -Ji\o, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  dilute 
(a  liquid). 

pasSerjaTbCH  [razb^i^ga- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
pa36e3K|aTbC5i  [razb^'i'^zha- 
ttja]  perf  pasSerycb,  -HUJb- 
CH,  pa36eryTCH,  p  -ajiCH,  -a- 
jiacb,  imp  pa36erHCb,  pas- 
6erHTecb  I.  make  one's  run, 
run  up  {before  jumping,  etc); 
2.  scatter,  run  away  in  dif- 
ferent directions; 
<>  y  Hero  rjiasa  ~aK)TCJi  he 
doesn't  know  what  to  choose 
{when  there  is  a  wide  choice, 
abundance,  etc). 

pa36HB|dTb  [razb^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pa36|HTb 
[rAzb^it^]  perf  pa3o6bib, 
pa3o6beuib,  p  -hji,  imp  -efi 
1.  break,  smash;  crash  {an 
aircraft,  etc);  2.  break  up  / 
divide  into  parts;  3.  lay  out, 
mark  out  {a  garden  etc); 
pitch,  set  up  (a  tent,  etc); 
4.  hurt  badly,  fracture  {the 
head,  etc);  5.  defeat,  rout, 
beat,  smash  {also  fig);  paa- 
6HTb  HaroJiOBy  defeat  utterly; 
—  axb  apryMCHTbi  smash  ar- 
guments. 


—  381  — 


pas 


'  pa36HB|aTbCJi  [razb^iva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiub- 
CH,  paaSlMTbCJi  [rAzb^ittsa] 
perf  pa3o6bK)Cb,  paaoSbeiubCH, 
p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -eflcfl, 
-CHxecb  1.  break,  get  broken, 
be  broken;  crash  (0/  an  air- 
craft, etc);  2.  hurt  oneself 
badly,  bruise  oneself;  3.  break 
up,  divide  {into  groupie,  said 
of  people). 

pasSHpjaxb  [razb^irat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  pa3o6p|aTb 
[razAbrat^]  perf  pa36epy, 
pa36epemb,  p  -aji,  -a.7ia,  -ajio, 
-ajiH,  imp  pasdepH  1.  take 
to  pieces,  disassemble,  dis- 
mantle; pull  down  (a  wall, 
etc);  2.  take  {all  the  things 
one  by  one);  buy  up  {all  the 
goods,  food-stuffs);  3.  arrange 
in  order;  sort  out;  4.  inves- 
tigate, inquire  into;  consid- 
er,, discuss;  5.  make  out 
(smb's  handwriting,  speech, 
etc);  imperf  also  try  to  make 
out;  6.  col:  ero  -^aer  Aoca^a 
[3aBHCTb  u  m.  n.]  he  is 
filled  with  vexation  [envy, 
etc];  ero  ~-aeT  3Ji66a  he  is 
overcome  with  anger;  ero 
^aer  CMex  he  is  bursting 
with  laughter. 

pasSHplaxbCH  [razb^'irattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aembCH,  paso- 
6plaTbC5i  [razAbrattjaJ  perf 
pasSepycb,  pa36epeiiibCH,  p 
-ajicH,  -ajiacb,-aji6cb(-aJiocb), 
-ajiHCb  (-ajiHCb),  imp  pas- 
6epHCb,  pa36epHTecb:  ~-aTb- 
CH  B  qeM-Ji.  understand  smth; 
know  smth  well;  imperf 
also  examine  smth;  try  to 
understand    smth;    perf  also 


get  /gain  an  insight  into  smth, 
gain  an  understanding  of 
smth. 

pasSHTb  see  pa36MBaTb. 

pasSHTbcsi    see    pasdnBaTb- 

CH. 

pasSoHKHK  frAzboyn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  robber,  highway- 
man. 

pa366pHMBJbiH  [rAzborch^i- 
vty]  a    sh   f    ~,    -a,    -o,  -bi 

1.  legible  {handwriting,  etc); 

2.  fastidious,  dainty,  partic- 
ular; discriminating,  exact- 
ing. 

pa36pacbiBlaTb  frAzbrasi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
pa36poclaTb  [razbrAsat^]  perf 
-aio,  -aeiiib  throw  about,  scat- 
ter (about),  strew. 

pasSyflHTb  see  6yAHTb. 

pa3BajiHB|aTb  [rAzvaPi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
pa3Baji|HTb  [razvAl^it^]  perf 
-K>,  pasBajiHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-n  1.  pull  down,  destroy; 
2.  fig  spoil,  mess  up  {man- 
agement, work,  etc). 

pa3BajiHB|aTbC5i  [rAzval^i- 
vattsa]  imperf  'arccb.-aeuib- 
CH,  pa3Baji|HTbCfli  [razvAl^i- 
i\s^]  perf  -KDCb,  pa3BajiHmbCH, 
p  -HJiCH,  -Hjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
•Hiecb  1.  crumble,  dilapidate; 
fall  to  pieces  {also  fig);  2. 
col  sprawl,  lounge  {on,  in  a 
chair) . 

pa3BajiHH|a  [rAzval^ina]  / 
-bi,  pi  -bi,  ~  1.  pi  ruins  {of 
a  town,  etc);  2.  col  decrepit 
man. 

paseajiHTb  see  pasBajiHsaxb. 

pasBajiMTbCfl    see  pasBajiH- 

BaibCJI. 


pas 


—  882  — 


pasBC  [raz'^v^i]  part  denot- 
ing surprise:  «0h  npHexaji». 
«Pa3Be?»  "He's  come".  "Real- 
ly?" /  "Is  that  so?";  -^  oh 
npHexa;i?  has  he  come?;  ~ 
Bbi  He  sHaeie?  don't  you 
know? 

pa3BeB|aTbCfl  [r9zv^i^va- 
ttj9]  imperf  -aercH  flutter, 
fly  {of  flags,  etc). 

paBBeflJKa  [rAz^v^etka]  / 
*KH,  -OK  1.  mil  reconnais- 
sance; intelligence;  2.  intel- 
ligence service,  secret  serv- 
ice; 3.  geol  prospecting. 

pasBeflHHK  [rAz^'v^et^ch^'ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  1.  mil  scout; 
intelligence  officer;  2.  secret 
service    man,    secret    agent. 

pasBepHyTb  see  paaeepTbi- 
Baib. 

paseepHyTbCfl    see    paasep- 

TWBaTbCH. 

pa3BepTbiB|aTb  [rAz^v^or- 
ttvat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
pa3BepH|yTb  [raz^v'^i^rnut*'] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp 
-H  1.  unfold  (a  paper,  etc); 
unwrap;  unroll,  unfurl;  2. 
fig  show,  display  {one's  tal- 
ent); 3.  fig  develop  {social- 
ist construction,  criticism, 
etc). 

pa3BepTUB|aTbCH  [rAz*"- 
v^orttvattja]  imperf  -aracb, 
-aembCH,  pasBepHJyTbCH 

[raz^v^i^rnuttja]  perf  -ycb,^ 
-euJbCH,  p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -Hiecb  1,  unfold  {of  smth 
folded);  become  unwrapped; 
unroll,  unfurl;  2.  fig 
show  oneself,  display  oneself; 
3.  fig  spread  {of  a  campaign, 
etc)\    paCoTa     pa3BepHy.nacb 


the  work  is  well  under  way; 
6opb6a  pasBepnyjiacb  bo- 
Kpyr...  the  struggle  raged 
around...;  4.  turn,  swing 
around  {of  a  car,  etc). 

pa3BecTH  see  pasBOflHXb. 

paseecTHCb  see    paseoAHTb- 

CH. 

pa3BHBlaTb  [razv^ivat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  pa3B|HTb 
[rAz^'v^it'']  perf  pasoBbib, 
pasoBbeuib,  p  -HJi,  -HJia,  -hjio, 
-HJiH,  imp  -eft  develop  {the 
body,  mind,  an  idea,  indus- 
try, etc);  promote  {cultural 
intercourse,  etc). 

pa3BHQ|aTbCH  [razv^iva- 
ttjaj  imperf  -aiQCh,  -aeiiibCH, 
pa3B|HTbc$i  [rAz^v^ittja]  jDg/-/ 
pa30BbK)Cb,  pasoBbeiUbCfl,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -eflcH, 
-eftrecb  develop  {of  a  child, 
industry,  etc). 

pa3BMTHle  [rAzv^it^iya]./i 
-H  development  {mental,  in- 
dustrial, political,  etc). 

pa3BHT|6H  [razv^itoy]  a 
sh  f  pa3BHT,  -a,  pasBHTO,  pas- 
BHTbi  1.  developed  {industri- 
ally, mentally,  politically, 
etc);  2.  intelligent  {child,  etc); 
well-developed  {cultured, 
etc). 

pa3BMTb  see  pa3BHBaTb. 

pa3BHTbCfl  see  pasBHBaibCH. 

pasBjieKJaib  [razvl^'i^kaf'J 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pa33jiel4b 
IrAzvl^'ech'']  per/ -Ky, -qeuib, 
-Kyr,  p  pasBJieK,  -KJia,  imp 
-KH  amuse,  entertain. 

pa3B;ieK|aTbCfl  [razvlM^ka- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  pa3BjielHbCJi  [rAzvl^ech**- 
t^9\    peri    -Kycb,    -seiubca, 


—  383  — 


pas 


-KyTCH,  p  pa3BJieKCfi,  -KJiacb, 
imp  -KHCb,  -KHiecb  have  a 
good  time,  amuse  oneself. 

pasBjieneHHle  [razvPi^ch^e- 
n'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  entertain- 
ment, amusement;  relaxation 
(recreation). 

pasBjieHb    see   pasBJieKaTb. 

pasBJieHbCM      see     pasB/ie- 

KaTbCH. 

pSLSBOji  [rAzvot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  divorce;  ;iaTb  KOMy-ji.  — 
agree  to  divorce  smb. 

pa3Bo;iiHTb  [razvAd^'it^] 
imperf  pasBOH^y,  pasBOAHUib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  pasBejCTH 
[raz^'v^i^s^t^'i]  perf  -jxy, 
-Aeuib,  p  pasBeji,  -jia,  imp 
-m  1.  take,  conduct  {each  to 
his  place);  2.  pull  /  bring 
apart;  ~HTb  moct  draw  a 
bridge;  raise  a  bridge;  3.  di- 
lute {a  paint,  etc);  4.  breed, 
rear  {animals,  etc);  cultivate 
{plants);  5.:  -~HTb  KOCTep 
make  a  (camp)  fire;  ^Hib 
oroHb  light  a  fire; 
<>  -~HTb  pyKaMH  s?  make  a 
helpless  gesture,  lift  one's 
hands  {in  dismay  or  despair). 

pa3Bo;i  I  HTbc  Ji  ]  razv  Ad^ittja  ] 
imperf  pasBOH^ycb,  pasBo- 
AHLLbCH,  p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp 

-HCb,       -HieCb,         pa3Be|CTHCb 

[rsz^v^i^s^t^is'']  perf  -j[ycb, 
-AeuibCH,  p  pasBejicH,  -jiacb, 
imp  -AHCb,  -jiHiecb  1.  di- 
vorce, get  a  divorce;  2,  mul- 
tiply, breed  {of  animals,  etc). 
pa3BpaT  frAzvrat,  -d]  m 
-a  depravity,  lewdness;  de- 
bauchery, dissipation;  npe^a- 
BaTbCH  --y  indulge  in  lewd- 
ness /  debauchery. 


pasBpaTHTbsee  pasBpamaxb. 

pa3BpaTH|biH  [rAzvratnty] 
a  sh  f  pasBpaieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
depraved,  dissipated  (life, 
etc);  lewd,  debauched  {person, 
etc). 

pa3Bpaiu,|aTb  [razvrA- 

sh^'.at'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
pa3BpaT|HTb  [razvrAt^it''] 
perf  pasBpamy,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -i!  corrupt,  deprave,  de- 
bauch. 

pa3B5i3aTb  see  pasBHSbisaTb. 

pa3B«3HlbiH  [rAz^v^aznty] 
a  sh  f  pasBHseH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
unduly  familiar,  pert,  too 
free. 

pa3Bfl3biB|aTb  [rAz^v^azi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
pa3BH3laTb  [raz^v^i^zat^j 
perf  pa3B5iH<y,  pasBHH^emb, 
p  -aji,  imp  pa3BH>KH  untie, 
unbind;  undo  {a  knot,  etc); 
<>  ^axb  BOHHy  unleash 
war. 

pa3ra;iaTb  see  pasra^bmaTb. 

pa3rajibiB|aTb  [rAzgadivat''] 
imperf  -aro,  -aeiiib,  pasra- 
AJaib  [razgAdat^]  perf  -aio, 
-aeuib  guess  {a  riddle,  smb's 
thoughts,  etc);  unriddle,  un- 
ravel. 

pa3rap  [rAzgar]  m  -a:  6biTfa 
B  ~e  be  in  full  swing;  be 
well  under  way;  b  — ecnopa 
[6HTBbi  u  m.  n.]  at  the  height 
of  the  argument  [battle,  etc]. 

pasrjiacHTb  see  pasrjiamaTb. 

pasrjiamjaTb  [razgUshat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pa3rjia- 
c|HTb  frazglAs^it^]  perf  pas- 
pjiauiy,  -Huib,  p  -liJi,  imp  -ii 
divulge;  betray,  give  away 
(a  secret). 


pas 


—  384  — 


pa3roBapHB|aTb  [razgAva- 
r^ivat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib 
1.  talk,  speak;  2.  col  be  on 
speaking    terms    {with  smb). 

pasroBop  [razQAvor]  m  -a, 
-OB  conversation,  talk;  aaen- 
sbiBaib  ~  enter  into  (a)  con- 
versation; 3aBo;;HTb  ~  o 
MCM-Ji.  bring  smth  up  {for  dis- 
cussion)', no;t;;ep^HBaTb  '- 
keep  up  a  conversation; 
<>  6e3  — 'Ob!  co/ and  no  argu- 
ment!; and  no  talking  back! 

pa3roBop|HTbC5i  [rdzgavA- 
r^ittja]  perf  -ibcb,  -HiiibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  get  /  enter  into  con- 
versation, get  talking. 

pasroBOpHHK  [rszgAvorn^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  phrase-book. 

pa3roB6pHHB|biH  [razgAvor- 
ch^iviy]  a  sh  f  '■^,  -a,  -o, 
'h\  talkative. 

pa3roHl«Tb  [rszgAn^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  pa30- 
rHJarb  [razAgnaf*]  perf  pas- 
roHK),  pasroHHuib,  p  -aji, 
-ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  pas- 
roHH  1.  disperse,  scatter  (a 
crowd,  etc);  dissolve,  disband 
(a  meeting,  etc);  2.  speedup, 
race  (a  horse,  etc). 

pasroplaTbCJi  [razgArattja] 
imperf  -aercH,  pasropleib- 
cji  [razgAF^ettja]  perf  -htch, 
p  -eJiCH,  -ejiacb  flame  up, 
flare    up    {also    fig). 

pasropsiHHTbcsi     see    ropH- 

MHTbCH. 

pa3rp6M  [rAzgrom]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  rout,  utter  defeat  {of 
the  enemy,  etc);  2.  havoc,  de- 
struction; complete   disorder. 

pa3rpy%|aTb   [razgruzhat^] 


imperf  -afo,  -aemb,  pasrpy- 
3|HTb  [razgruz'^it'']  perf  pas- 
rpyjKy,  pasrpysHuib  (-rimb), 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  I.  unload,  dis- 
charge {cargo;  a  ship,  etc); 
2.  fig  col  relieve  {smb  of 
part  of  difficult  or  extra 
work). 

pasAaJBaTb  [razdAvat^] 
imperf  -ib,  -eiiib,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Baft,  pa3fl|aTb  [rAzdat**] 
perf  -aM,  -auib,  -acT,  -a;tHM, 
-aAHTe,  -aAyi,  p  p63Aaji(-aji), 
-ajia,  px33Aajio  (-ajio),  poa- 
AajiH  (-ajiH),  imp  -aft  distri- 
bute {to  smb,  among  smb); 
give  out,  dispense. 

pasjiaJBaTbCfl  [razdAvattja] 
imperf  -ercH,  p  -BajicH,  -Ba- 
Jiacb,  pasAJaTbCfl  [rAzdattja] 
perf  -acTCH,  -a^yTCH,  p  -ajicH, 
-ajiacb  be  heard,  resound  {of 
a  cry,  bell,  etc);  pas^ajica 
CTyK  there  was  a  knock  (at 
the  door). 

pasflaib  see  pas^aBaxb. 

pa3AaTbCJi  see  pasAaBarbCH. 

paaABHrjajb  [razdv**!- 

gat^]  imperf -2iK)',  -aeiub, 
pa3ABHH|yTb  [rAzdv^inut^J 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp 
-b  move   apart;    draw    apart. 

pa3AeB|aTb  [raz^d^'i^vat^J 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pa3Ae|Tb 
[rAz^d^'et^]  perf  -ny,  -Heuib, 
p  -Ji,  imp  -Hb  undress,  strip 
{smb). 

pasACBlaTbcii  [raz^d^'i^va- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
pa3Ae|TbCfl  [rAz'^d^'ettsa]  perf 
-Hycb,  -HeuibCH,  p  -jicH,  -Jiacb, 
imp  -HbCH,  -Hbxecb  undress, 
strip,  take  off  one's  clothes; 
take  off  one's    coat  and  hat; 


—  385 


pas 


—  aibCH  Ao  noHca  strip  to 
the  waist;  ~aTbCH  jiorojia 
take  off  all  of  one's  clothes, 
strip. 

pasAeJi  [rAz^d^el]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  partition,  division  {of 
property,  eic);  2.  section  {of 
a  book,  etc). 

pasACJiHTb  see  pasAejiflxb  & 
AejiHTb. 

pasAejiMTbCfl  see  AejiHXbCH  1 . 

pasAejij^iTb  [raz^d^i^l^at^] 
imperf  -^k),  -nemb,  pasAC- 
jiJHTb  [raz^d^i^Pit'']  perf  -yo, 
pasAejiHUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
1.  separate,  keep  apart;  2. 
share    {smb's    opinion,    etc). 

pa3AeTfa  see  paaAeearb. 

pasACTbCfl  see  pasAeeaTbCH. 

pa3Apa}K|aTb  [razdrAzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pasApa- 
>K|MTb  [razdrAzhft^]  perf  -y, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJI  1.  irritate,  an- 
noy, vex,  exasperate;  get  on 
{smb's)  nerves;  2.  irritate  (//le 
skin,  etc). 

pa3Apa2KeHH|e  [razdrAzhe- 
n'^iya]  n  -h  irritation. 

pa3ApaH(HTejibH|biH  [razdrA- 
zhtt^il^niy]  a  sh  f  pasApa- 
>KHTejieH,  -a,  -o,  -w  irritable, 
short-tempered. 

pa3Apa}KHTb     see     pasApa- 

3KaTb. 

pasApoSHTb  see  Apo6HTb. 

pa3AyBlaTb  [razduvat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  pasAlyxb 
[rAzdut^]  perf  -yio,  -yeiub 
1.  blow,  fan  {a  fire,  etc);  2. 
impers  col',  y  Hero  pasAyJio 
meny  [jihuo  u  m.  n.]  his 
check  [face,  etc]  is  swollen;  3. 
fig  col  exaggerate  {the  news, 
etc);    fan  {war  hysteria,  eic). 


pa3AyMlaTb  [rAzdumat^] 
perf  -aK),  -aeiub  change  one's 
mind;  think  better  of  (doing 
smth). 

pa3AyMbiBlaTb  [rAzdumi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aK),  -aeiub  med- 
itate, ponder,  muse,  rumi- 
nate; deliberate,  consider;  He 
—an  without  hesitation. 

pasAyxb  see  pasAyBaxb. 

pa3iKeHb  see  pasjKHraxb, 

pa3iKHr[aTb  [razh:igat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pas^enb 
[rAzh:ech^]  perf  pasb- 
x^ry,  pa3o>K}Keiiib,  pasojKryx, 
p  pasjKer,  pasojKrjia,  imp 
pasojKFH  1.  kindle  {a  fire); 
2.  fig  rouse,  kindle,  stir  up. 

pa3jiar|aTb  [razlAgat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  pa3jio- 
JKJHXb  [razlAzhit^]  perf  -y, 
pa3Ji6}KHmb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
demoralize. 

pasjiHB  [rAzPif,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  flood,  overflow  {of  a  riv- 
er). 

pasjiHslaxb  [raz^l^ivat^] 
impe'-f  -aio,  -aemb,  pa3Ji|HTb 
[rAz^l^it^]  perf  pasojibib,  pa- 
30Jibemb,  p  -HJI,  -HAa,  -hao, 
-HJiH,  imp  -eS  1.  spill  (a 
liquid);  2.  pour  out  {tea,  etc); 
ladle  out  {soup,  etc); 
O  BOAOH  He  pasojibeiub  col 
^  (as)  thick  as  thieves. 

pa3JiHHJaxb  [raz^l^ich^at''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  pa3JiH- 
H|MXb  [raz^l^ich^'it^]  pe/-/  -y, 
-Hmb,  p  -HA,  imp  -H  1.  dis- 
tinguish, tell  {smth  from 
smth);  2,  make  out,   discern. 

pa3jiH4H|e  [rAz^'l^ich^'iya] 
n  -fl,  -H  difference  {between); 
distinction  {between);  --e  sg 


pas 


—  386 


harjiijiax  difference  of  opin- 
ion. 

pa3JiMMMTb    see   paajiHqarb. 

pa3„iH4HibiH  [rAz^'l^ich^niy] 
a  sh  f    pasjiH^eH,    -a,  -o,  -bi 

1.  different    [not    the    same); 

2.  different,  various. 
pa3jio>KeHH|e         [rszlAziie- 

n'^iya]  n  -h  1.  decomposition, 
disintegration,  decay,  rot;  2. 
decay,  corruption;  MopajibHoe 
'-e  demoralization,  moral 
degradation. 

pasjiOMtMTb  see  paCKJiaAU- 
BaTb  &  pasjiaraib. 

pasjiyKJa  [rAzlukal  /  -h 
1.  separation,  being  apart; 
mHTb  B  ~e  c  KeM  Ji.  live  apart 
from  smb;  2.  parting  (the  ac- 
tion of). 

pa3JiK)6;HTb  [raz^l^ub'^it''] 
perf  -jiib,  pasjiibSHUJb,  p  -iiJi, 
imp  -H  stop  loving;  love  no 
longer,  fall  out  of  love,  stop 
liking;   like  no  longer. 

pasMax  [rAzmakh,  -gh]  m 
-a  (-y),  -OB  1.  swing,  sweep; 
yAapHTb  c  ~y  strike  v/ith  a 
swing;  co  ocero  ~y  with 
all  one's  might;  2.:  ~  Kpb'i- 
jibee  wing-span;  3.  fig  scope, 
range. 

pa3MaxHB|aTb  [rAzmakh^i- 
vat'']  imperf  -aio.  -aemb  swing 
{arms,  etc);   brandish. 

pa3MeHM3!aTb    [rAzm*'en''i- 


val 


I  m  per  I 


-aio,      -aemb, 


pa3MeH|nTb  |r9zm''i^n''at''] 
perf  -flKD,  -Hcujb  change  (mon- 
ey). 

pa3Mftp  IrAzm'^er]  m  a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  dimensions;  size 
(/)  of  a  room;  etc'i  2)  of  shoes, 
etc);     2.     degree,     extent,    pi 


also  proportions;  b  6ojibmHX 
[b  liiHpoKHX]  ~ax  on  a  large 
scale. 

pasrviecTHTb  see  pasMcmaib. 

pa3MecTHTbc«  see  pasMe- 
maibcH. 

pasMemaxb  see  pasMeujH- 
Baib. 

pasMciuHBlaTb  IrAzm'^eshi- 
vat^]  imperf  -ara,  -aemb, 
pa3Mem!aTb  [razm^i^shat''] 
perf  -aio,  -aemb  stir  (sugar, 
tea,  etc). 

pa3Mem,laTb  [razm^i®- 

sh'':at'']  imperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
pasMCcxlHTb  [r9zm''i^s''t^it*'] 
perf  pa3Mem,y,  -Hmb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -6  1.  accommodate, 
place,  locate,  put;  quarter, 
billet;  ?.  place,  distribute 
{orders,  etc);    invest  (capital). 

pasMemjaxbca  [razm^i®- 
sh'^iattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
•aembCH,  pa3MecT|HTbc«  [raz- 
m^i^s^t^iiisd] perf  paswemycb, 
•limbCH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb, 
imp  -ikb,  »HTecb  find  and 
take  seats:  find  room;  find 
lodgings 

pa3MK0)K|aTbcji  IrazmnA- 
zhatts3l  imperf  -aeiCH  propa- 
gate, reproduce,  breed;  mul- 
tiply. 

pasMHOKeHHJe    (razmuAzhe- 


n^iyal 


reproduction, 


propagation. 

pasMbimjieKHJe  [razmish- 
l^en'^iya)  n  ^a,  -u  reflection, 
meditation,  musing,  rumina- 
tion; iiaBOAHTb  Ha  ~Ji  make 
(smb)  think  /  wonder. 

pa3MbiiiJJii«Tb  [razmisli- 
l^'at^]  imperf  -hk),  -aeurb 
reflect,     meditate,     ponder, 


387 


pas 


muse,    ruminate;    deliberate, 
consider. 

pasMMTb  see  mhtb  1. 

pasHecTH  see  pasHocHXb. 

pa3HHi;|a  [raz^n^itsa]  /  -bi 
difference  (between);  ~a  b 
OAHH  Meip  a  difference  of  one 
metre;  ~a  b  tom,  hto...  the 
difference  is  that...; 
<>  KaKaji  —a?  col  it  makes 
no  difference!;  what's  the 
difference? 

pasHO...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting  'differ- 
ent', 'various':  pasHOueex- 
HbiH  [raznAtjv^etniy]  multi- 
coloured; pasHoro^iocbiH  [raz- 
nagAlosiy]  discordant,  disso- 
nant; pa3Ho66fl  [raznAboy] 
lack  of   co-ordination. 

pa3HOBH.iH0CT|b  [raznA- 
v^idnas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -eft 
variety,  species. 

pa3HorjiacM|e  [raznAgla- 
s^iya]  n  -h,  -h  difference, 
discord,  disagreement;  ~e  bo 
BSfJiHAax  difference  of  opin« 
ion;  ycTpaHHTb  --h  settle 
differences. 

pa3Hoo6pa3H^biH  [raznAAb- 
razniy]  a  sh  f  pa3Hoo6pa- 
sen,  -a,  -o,  -u  various,  dif- 
ferent, diverse. 

pa3Hop6AH|biH  [raznArod- 
niy]  a  sh  f  pasHopo^eH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  heterogeneous. 

pa3HoclHTb  [raznAs^it^] 
imfierf  pasHouiYf  pasHocHiub, 
p  HJi,  imp  -H,  pa3Hec|TH 
[raz^'n^i^s'^t^ij  perf  -y,  -eiub, 
p  pasHec,  -Jia,  imp  -li  1.  deliv- 
er (letters,  etc);  2.  fig  col 
spread  (news,  etc);  3.  col 
smash   (to  piecisy,  4,  //^co/ 


attack,  criticize  severely  (a 
book,  etc). 

pasHocTOpOHHlHH  [razna- 
stAron^'n^'iy}  a  shf  pasHocxo- 
poHeH,  -H,  -e,  -H  many-sided, 
versatile;  all-round  (educa- 
tion, etc). 

pasHbiH  [razniy]  a  1.  dif- 
ferent (not  the  same),  2.  dif- 
ferent, various. 

pa3o...   see  pas... 

pasoSjiaHJaTb  [razablA- 

ch^at'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
pa3o6jiaH|HTb  [razablAch^it^J 
perf  -y,  -HUJb,  p  -iijijmp  -h 
expose,   unmask. 

pa3o6paTb    see    p.a36Hpaxb. 

pasoSparbCfl  see  pa36Hpaxb- 

CH. 

pasorHaxb    see    pasroHHXb. 

pa3orpeBiaxb  [razagr^i®- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
pasorpjeTb  [razAgr^et^]  perf 
-CK),  -eemb  warm  up  (food, 
etc). 

pa303jiHXb  see  sjiHXb. 

pa303JlHTbC51     see     SJlHXbCH. 

pa30HXHCb  see    pacxo^HXb- 

CH, 

pa30pBaxb  see    paapuBaxb. 
pa3opBaxBCfl      see    pa3pbi- 

BaXbCH. 

pasopHxb  see  paaopnxb. 

pa3opHxbCH  see  pasopnxbCH. 

pa30py>K|axb  [razaruzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  pa3opy- 
MJHxb  [razaruzhlt^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  disarm 
(soldiers,  etc). 

pa3opy»eHHle  [razaruzhc- 
n'^iya]  n  -h  disarmament, 
Bce66m.ee  h  nojiHoe  ~e  gen- 
eral and  complete  disarma- 
ment. 


pas 


—  388 


see     pa3opy- 


pasopyiKHTb 

pasoplflTb  [razAr^at^]  im- 
perf  -HK),  -Heiub,  paaopJMTb 
[rdZAr^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Hiub,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  destroy  (a  vil- 
lage, etc);  ravage,  pillage; 
2.  ruin  {make  bankrupt). 

pa30p|«TbCfl  [razAr^attsa] 
imperf  -Hiocb,  -neiubCH,  pa- 
sop  JHTbCji   [razAr^'ittsa]    perf 

-ibCb,    -HLUbCH,    p     -HJICH,      -H- 

Jiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  ruin 
oneself,  go  bankrupt. 

pasocjiaxb    see    paccbiJiaxb. 

pasoTpH  [razAtr^i]  imp  of 
pacxepexb;  see  pacTHpaxK. 

pasoTpy  [razAtruJ,  paao- 
Tpeuib  [razAtr^osh,  -zh]  1st 
&  2nd  persons  of  pacxepexb; 
see  pacxHpaxb. 

pasoHapoBdHHJe  [razach^'a- 
FAvan^iya]  n  -h,  -h  disap- 
pointment (the  state  or  act 
of). 

pasoHapoeaHHlbiH  [raza- 
ch^'i^rovanniy]  a  [pa]  sh  f 
pasoMapoBaH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
disappointed,    disillusioned. 

pasoHapoBaxbCfl  see  paao- 
qapoBbiBaxbCH. 

pa304ap6BbiB|axbCJi  [raza- 
chM^rovivattjaj  imperf -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH,  pa30Hap|oBaxbcji 
[razach^irAvattja]  perf  -yiocb, 
-yembCH,  p  -OBajiCH,  -0Ba;iacb, 
imp  -yficH,  -yfixecb  get  disap- 
pointed; be  disappointed. 

paspawjaxbcn  [razrAzhattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  pa3- 
pasJHxbCfl  [razrAz^ittja]  perf 
paspajKycb,  -HiubCH,  p -h;ich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
break    out,    burst  out    {of  a 


storm,  war,  etc);  2„  burst 
{into  tears,  etc);  burst  out 
{laughing,  etc). 

pa3pe3  [rAzr^es,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  cut,  slit;  2.:  nonepe4- 
HbiH  ~  cross  section;  npo- 
flojibHbiH  -—  longitudinal  sec- 
tion. 

paspesaxb    see    paspesaxb. 

paspesjaxb  [razr^'i^zat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeujb,  paspe- 
3|axb  [rAzr^ezat^]  perf  pas- 
pejKy,  paspeJKemb,  p  -aji, 
imp  pa3pe>Kb  cut  {divide 
with  a  knife,  etc);  slit. 

paspemjaxb  [razr^'i^shat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  paspe- 
uilMxb  [razr'^i^shit^]  perf  -y, 
-HUJb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  al- 
low, permit,  let;  2.  solve  (a 
problem,  etc);  settle  {a  ques- 
tion, etc);  3.  {no  imperf): 
~H(xe)  allow  me  [us]...,  may 
I   [we]..? 

pa3pem|axbCfl  [razr^'i^sha- 
ttja]  imperf  -aexcH,  paspe- 
uijiixbCfl  [razr^'i^shlttja]  perf 
-HXCH,  p  -HJICH,  -HJiacb  1.  be 
solved  {of  a  problem,  etc); 
be  settled  {of  a  question, 
etc);  2.  (no  perf)  be  allow- 
ed {of  smoking,  etc). 

paspeiueHHle       [razr^i^she- 


n^iya]    n  -h,  -h 


permis- 


sion, permit;  2.  solution  {of 
a  problem,  etc);  settlement 
(of  a  question,  etc). 

paspeiuHxb  see  paspemSxb. 

paspeuiMxbCfl  see  paspe- 
luaxbCH  1. 

pasposHeHHbiH  [rAzroz*'- 
n^'mnty]  a  [pa]  1.  separate, 
unco-ordinated;  2.  odd  {vol' 
umes). 


—  389  — 


pa3 


paspyxja  [rAzrukha]  /  -h 
(economic)  disorganization; 
devastation. 

paspymjaTb  [razrushat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  paspy- 
ui|HTb  [FAzrushU^]  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  de- 
stroy, demolish,  ruin;  —axb 
AO  ocHOBaHHH  raze  to  tlie 
ground;  2.  fig  destroy,  frus- 
trate, ruin. 

paspbiBJaxb  [rszrtvat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  pasopelaTb 
[razArvat^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp 
-H  1.  tear  (up)  (pull  apart); 
2.  fig  break  (with);  paao- 
psaTb  AHnjioMaxH^ecKHeoTHO- 
lueHHH  break  off  diplomatic 
relations. 

paspbiBJaTbCJi  [razrivattja] 
imperf  -aexcn,  paaopBlaxbCJi 
[razArvattsa]  perf  -excji,  p 
-ajicji,-ajiacb,  -aji6cb(-ajiocb), 
-ajiiicb  (-ajiHCb)  1.  tear,  be- 
come torn;  break,  burst  (of  a 
rope,  etc);  2.  burst,  explode; 
<>  y  Hero  fly  ma  /  cepAi^e 
~aexcfl  his  heart  is  breaking. 

paspflfl  [rAzr^at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  category,  rank;  kind, 
sort;  2.  class,  grade,  rating. 

paayM  [razum]  m  -a  1.  rea- 
son (the  power  to  think); 
2.  reason,  common  sense; 
mind,  intellect,  intelligence. 

p'aayMHlbiH  [rAzumnfy]  a 
sh  f  paayMeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
clever,  intelligent;  2.  reason- 
able,   rational,     sane,    wise. 

pa3yHHB|axb  [rAzuch^ivat^] 
imperf  -aio, -aeiiib,  pasynliixb 
[razuch^it^]  perf  -y,  p^ay- 
HHiiib,  p  -HJI,   imp    -H    iearn  I 


(a  song,  etc);  study  (a  role, 
etc). 

pas-b...  see  pas... 

pas-bCAHHHXb  see    paateAH- 

HHXb. 

paBTieflHHlHxb  [raz^yid^i- 
n^at^]  imperf  -mo,  -neiiib, 
pasiieAHHlHxb  [raz^yid**i- 

n^it'']  perf  -ib,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  disconnect,  break; 
cut  off  (wires,  etc);  2.  sepa- 
rate, part  (smb). 

pas-besA  [rAz^yest,  -zdj  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  departure  (of  gue^t&y 
etc);  2.:  6bixb  hocxohkho  b 
—ax  be  always  on  the  move, 
be  always  travelling  about; 
3.  rly  double-track  station 
(on  a  single-track    railway). 

pas-besxlaxb  [raz^yi^- 

zh^:at^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib 
drive  around  /  about,  ride 
around /about;  travel  around  / 
about. 

pas'besKldxbCfl  [raz^yi^- 
zh'^-.attsa]  imperf  -aeMCH,  -ae- 
xecb,  -aioxcH,  pa3i>ex|axbcsi 
[rAz^yekhatt^a]  perf  pasii- 
e^eMCH,  pasTsCAexecb,  paa-b- 
CAyTCH,  p  -ajiCH,  -ajiacb, 
-ajiHCb  1.  depart  (of  guests, 
etc);  2.  pass  one  another  (of 
vehicles  in  a  narrow  street); 
3.  col  run  /  slide  apart  (of/ 
skis,  etc). 

pa3i>flCHeHH|e  [raz^yi^s^- 
n^en^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  explana- 
tion, elucidation. 

paaiijicHHxb    see     paatHC- 

HHXb. 

pas-bHCHlflxb  [raz^yi^s*- 
n^at^]  imperf  -hk),  -neuib, 
pa33>flCH|iixb  [raz^yi^s*'n''it^] 
perf   -K),    -HUib,  p  -HJI,    imp 


pas 


—  390  — 


-Ji  explain,  elucidate  (smth 
to  smh). 

pasbirpaib  see  pasbirpbi- 
BaTb. 

pasbirpbiBlaTb  [rAzlgrtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  pasbi- 
rp|aTb  [raztgrat^]  perf  aio, 
-aeiub  1.  draw  {decide  by 
chance)',  raffle;  2,  col  kid 
{for  amusement)',  play  a  prac- 
tical joke  on. 

pasbicKarb  see  pasbiCKH- 
Baib. 

pa3bicKHB|aTb  [rAzls^k^i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
pa3biCK|aTb  [raziskat^]  perf 
pasbimy,  pasbimeiiib,  p  -aji, 
imp  pasbiLUH  look  for,  search 
for;  perf  also  find. 

pan  [ray]  m  pan  paradise. 

paHKOM     [rAykom]     m    -a, 

-OB      (  =  paH6HHbIH        KOMHTei) 

district  committee,  district 
committee  of  the  Communist 
Party. 

paJfOH  [rAyon]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  area,  region;  b  '-e  K^iHHa 
in  the  vicinity  of  Klin,  in 
the  Klin  area;  2.  (adminis- 
trative) district. 

pafioHHbiH  [rAydnniy]  a 
district  {attr)\  area  {attr). 

paK  I  [rak,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
zool  crayfish,  crawfish. 

paK  II  [rak,  -g]  m  -a  med 
cancer. 

paKCTJa  [rAk^eta]  /  -bi,  — 
rocket;  xnissWo^  {guided);  -~-a- 
-HocHTCJib  carrier-rocket;  aa- 
nycTHTb  ~y  launch  a  rock- 
et. 

paxerlKa  [rAk^'etka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  sport  racket. 

paKOBHHJa  [rakav^'ina]  /  -bi^ 


~  1.  shell  (o/  invertebrates); 
2.  sink  {under  a  tap). 

paw  I  a  [rama]  /  -bi,  ^  frame 
{of  a  picture,  etc). 

paM|Ka  [ramka]  /  -kh,  pi 
-KH,  -OK  1.  small  frame, 
frame  {of  a  picture,  etc);  2.  pi 
fig  limits,  bounds;  BbixoAHTb 
3a  --KH  exceed  the  limits 
{of);  jtepjKaibCH  b  —  Kax  keep 
within  the  limits  /  bounds 
{of);  B  ~Kax  saKOHa  within 
the  law. 

pan  la  [rana]  /  -bi,  —  wound. 

paHCHbifi     [ran^miy]     I    a 
wounded,  injured; 
n  as  a  noun  paHeH|biHm 
-oro,    -bix  wounded  man,  cas- 
ualty. 

paHJHTb  [ran^it'']  perf  & 
imperf  -lo,  -Hmb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  wound,  injure. 

paHH|HH  [ran^n^iy]  a  early 
(/)  morning,  etc;  2)  spring, 
etc;  3)  fruit,  etc). 

pano  [rana]  I  adv  early; 
II  impers  predic  it  is  early; 
cnaTb  eme  —  it  is  too  early 
to  go  to  bed; 

<0>  ~  HJiH  nosAHO  sooner  or 
later. 

paHbUje  [ran^sht^]  I  comp 
of  pano; 

II  adv  1,  beiove  {earlier);  oh 
ymeji  ~  nac  he  had  left 
before  us;  — -  BpeMCHH  earlier 
than  necessary;  ahead  of  time; 
2.  formerly,  in  the  past,  pre- 
viously. 

pac...  see  pas... 

pdcja  [rasa]  /  -bi,  —  race 
{a  distinct  ethnical  stock). 

pacKaHB|aTbcsi  [rAskaiva- 
ttja]  imperf  -awcb,  -aeuibCH, 


391  — 


pac 


pacKa|flTbCJi  [rAskayattsa] 
perf  -K)Cfa,  -euibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCH,  -Hiecb 
repent,  feel  remorse;  regret, 
deplore. 

pacKajieHHbiH       [rsskAPon- 
niy]    I      pa:      --     AOKpacHa 
red-hot; 
II  a  scorching,  burning   hot. 

pacKasiTbCfl      see     pacKaH- 

BaXbCH. 

pacKJiaAbiBJaTb  [rAskladi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
pa3jioiK|HTb  [razlAzhft^]  perf 
-y,  pasjio^Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  L  put  {things  in  a  num- 
ber of  places);  distribute 
{things  among  a  number  of 
places);  —axb  eemn  no  Mec- 
TaM  put  things  in  their  prop- 
er places;  2.  lay  out,  spread 
{paper,  etc);  3.  make,  build 
{a  fire). 

pacKjiaHHBlaTbcn  [rAskla- 
n^iv9ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH,  pacKjiaH|«TbCfl 

[rAsklan^attja]  perf  -Hiocb, 
-HeuibCH  exchange  greetings 
{with  smb);  make  one's  bow; 
lift  one's  hat  {to  smb). 

pacKOjiOTb  see   KOJioib    II. 

pacK6n{KH  [rAskopk'^i]  pi 
-OK  excavations  {in  archeol- 
ogy)- 

pacKpacHTb     see     pacKpa- 

UIHSaTb. 

pacKpauiMB|aTb  [rAskrashl- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
pacKpac|MTb  [rAskras^it^] 
perf  pacKpamy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  colour,  paint. 

pacKpbiBJaTb  [raskrivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pacKpjbiTb 
[rAskrtt^]    perf   -oio,    -oeuib, 


p  -biJi,  imp  -OH  1.  open  (a 
window,  book,  etc);  2.  re- 
veal, discover,    disclose. 

pacoBbiH  [rasaviy]   a  racial. 

pacnafl|aTbC5i  [raspAdattjaJ 
imperf  -aeicH,  pacna|cTbcsi 
[rAspastsa]  perf  -aeicH,  p 
-jicH,  -Jiacb  t.  disintegrate; 
chem  dissociate;  2,  fig  break 
up,  come  to  an  end. 

pacnaxMBJaxb  [rAspakh^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aK),  -aeuib, 
pacnaxH|yTb  [raspAkhnut''] 
perf  -y,  -emb,  p  -yji,  imp 
-H  throw  open,  fling  open; 
open  wide. 

pacneHaxaxb  see  pacne^a- 
xbieaxb. 

pacneHaxbiBJaxb  [rasp^i^- 
ch^attvat^]  imperf  -aio, 
-aeuib,  pacneMaxjaxb  [ras- 
p^i^ch^atat^]  perf  -aio,  -aeiub 
unseal;  open  {a  letter,    etc). 

pacnHcaHH'ie  [rasp^isa- 

n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  time-table, 
schedule;  no  — lo  according 
to  the  time-table. 

pacnMcaxbcsi  see    pacnHCbi- 

BaXbCH. 

pacnHCJKa  [rAsp^iska]  /  -k-h, 
-OK  receipt  {a  document); 
CAaxb  KOMy-Ji.  ^xo-Ji.  noji, 
~Ky  make  /  have  smb  sign  for 
smth. 

pacnHCbiBlaxbCsi  [rAsp^'ist- 
vattsa]  imperf  -arocb,  -aemb- 
CH,  pacnHCJaxbCfl  [rasp^'i- 
sattsa]  perf  pacnHuiycb,  pac- 
nHiueiiibCH,  p  -ajiCH,  -ajiacb, 
imp  pacnwrnHCb,  pacnHuiH- 
xecb  1.  sign  (one's  name); 
—axbCH  B  noJiyqeHHH  qero-Ji. 
sign  for  smth;  2.  col  regis- 
ter one's  marriage. 


pac 


—  392  — 


pacnjiaTJa  [rAsplatg]  /  -bi 
1.  payment  {the  act  of);  2. 
fig  atonement  (for  a  wrong). 

pacnjiaxHTbCM  see    pacnjia- 

^HBaTbCH. 

pacnjiaHMBlaxbCM  [rAspla- 
ch^'ivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH,  pacnjiaT|HTbCJi 

[rasplAf'ittja]  perf  pacnjia- 
qycb,  pacnJiaTHLUbcH,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
1.  pay  off,  pay  back;  pay 
the  bill;  settle  accounts; 
'-aTbCH  no  cqexy  pay  (up) 
a  bill;  — axbcn  c  ^oJiraMH 
pay  off  one's  debts;  2.  fig 
col  pay  (smb)  out;  get  even 
(with  smb);  be  quits  (with 
smb);  3.  fig  pay  {for  one's 
fault,  etc). 

pacnjibiBMax|biH  [rAspHf- 
ch^atiy]  a  sh  f  ^ ,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
diffuse  {style,  etc);  dim, 
vague  (idea,  etc). 

pacnojiarjaxb  I  [raspaU- 
gat**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
pacnojiOKJMXb  [raspaUzhit^] 
perf  -y,  pacnoji6>KHmb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  dispose,  arrange, 
place,  put;  napK  pacnoJi6>KeH 
B  ueHXpe  ropoAa  the  park  is 
situated  in  the  centre  of  the 
city;  2.:  pacnojiojKHXb  kofo-ji. 
B  CBOK>  nojibsy  win  smb's 
favour;  win  smb  over;  ~axb 
Koro-Ji.  K  ce6e  gain  /  win 
smb's  favour. 

^  pacnojiarjaxb  II  [raspaU- 
gat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub 
have  smth  at  one's  disposal, 
have  smth  available,  have 
smth  to  spare. 

pacno;iar|axbC5i  [raspaU- 
gat^a]  imper[  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 


C5I,  pacnojio%|Hxbcsi  [raspa- 
lAzhtttja]   perf    -ycb,   pacno- 

Jl6>KHmbCH,    p    -HJICH,     -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  settle  (down), 
make  oneself  comfortable 
{somewhere). 

pacnojioKeHHle  [raspalA- 
zhen^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  arrange- 
ment, disposition;  2.  situ- 
ation, location,  position;  3. 
favour,  inclination;  nojibso- 
eaxbCH  qbHM-Ji.  -^eM  enjoy 
smb's  favour,  be  liked  by 
smb. 

pacnoji9}KHXb  see  pacnojia- 
raxb  I. 

pacnojiOKHXbcn  see  pacno- 
jiaraxbCH. 

pacnopjiflHxbcji  see  pacno- 
pH>KaxbCH  1,  3. 

pacnopfl>KlaxbCfl  [raspo- 
r^i^'zhattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH,  pacnopJiAlHXbCfl 
[raspar'^i^d^ittja]  perf  pacno- 

pJIHCyCb,       -HUIbCH,     p     -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
order,  give  orders  (that 
smth  be  done);  perf  also 
have  {smth  done);  2.  {no 
per/) give  orders,  give  instruc- 
tions, be  in  charge,  boss;  3.: 
•—axbCH  MCM-Ji.  use  smth 
{in  some  way,  said  of  money, 
property,  etc). 

pacnopfl}KeHHle  [raspar^i^- 
zhen'^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  instruc- 
tion, order;  oxAaxb  — -e  give 
instructions  /  orders;  flo  oco- 
6oro  ~H  until  further  notice; 
<>  B  HbCM-ji.  ~H  at  smb's 
disposal;  Hiviexb  b  CBoeM 
— 'H  have    at    one's  disposni. 

pacnpaBJa  [rAsprava]  /  -bi 
massacre,  slaughter;    use   of 


393  — 


pac 


violence    (against    smb);    re- 
prisal(s). 
pacnpaBHTb    see    pacnpaB- 

JIHTb. 

pacnpaBJi|flTb  [rasprAv- 
Pat**]  imperf  -A\o,  -fleuib, 
pacnpaB|HTb  trAsprav^it^] 
perf  -JiK),  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b 
straighten  (out),  smooth  oiit; 
•<>  --flTb  Kpujibfl  spread 
one's  wings. 

pacnpeiiejiHTb  see  pacnpe- 
fleJiHTb. 

pacnpefleji|flTb  [rsspr^id^i^- 
l^at^]  imperf  -hk),  -Heiub, 
pacnpeflejiJHTb  [raspr^id^i^- 
l^it^J  perf  -K),  -Huib,  p  -HJi, 
imp  -H  distribute,  allot; 
—HTb  CBoe  epeMH  '  regulate 
one's  time. 

pacnpocTpaHeHHie  [rsspra- 
strAn^en^'iya]  n  -h  spreading, 
diffusion;  propagation,  dis- 
semination. 

pacnpocTpaHeHHbiH  [rospra- 
strAn^onniy]  a  {pa\  wide- 
spread, common. 

pacnpocTpauHTb  see  pac- 
npocTpaHHTb. 

pacnpocTpaHHTbCfl    >ee  pac- 

npOCTpaHHTbCH. 

pacnpocTpaH|flTb  [raspra- 
strAn^at^]  imperf  -hio,  -neuib, 
pacnpocTpaH|HTb  [rasprastrA- 
n^it^]  perf  -ib,  -HUib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  spread  [news, 
knowledge,  influence,  ru- 
mours, disease,  etc);  dissemi- 
nate, propagate;  popularize 
(advanced  methods  of  work, 
etc);  2.  give  out  (a  smell,  etc); 
3.  circulate  (a  document,  etc); 
distribute  (books,  etc). 

pacnpocTpaH|flTbCfl       [ras- 


prastrAn^attja]  imperf  -hct- 
CH,  pacnpocTpaHJiiTbCH  [ras- 
prastrAn^ittja]  perf  -htch, 
p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb  1.  spread  (of 
news,  a  disease,  rumour,  etc); 
2.:  ero  ejiacxb  He  ^nexcH  na 
3T0  this  is  not  within  his 
authority  /  power  /  commis- 
sion; saKOH  He  —flexcH  na 
3TH  cjiy^aH  the  law  does  not 
apply  to  these  cases;  the  law 
does  not    affect    these  cases, 

pacnycK|aTb  [raspuskaf*] 
imperf  -aro,  -aeiiib,  pacny- 
CT|HTb  [raspus^t^it^]  perf 
pacnymy,  pacnycTHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  dismiss,  break  up 
(a  meeting,  etc);  disband  (an 
organization,  etc);  2.  col 
slacken  the  discipline  of; 
spoil  (a  child);  3.  col  set 
afloat  (a  rumour). 

pacnycK|aTbCfl  [raspuska- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aenibCH, 
pacnycT|HTbCJi  [raspus^t^i- 
ttja]     perf  pacnymycb,    pac- 

nyCTHUIbCH,  p   -HJICH,    -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  1.  blossom 
out,  open;  come  out,  break 
into  leaf;  2.  col  become  un- 
disciplined /  unruly. 

pacnycTHTb  seepacnycKaxb. 

pacnycTHTbCH    see    pacny- 

CKaXbCH, 

pacnyiaxb  see  pacnyxH- 
eaxb. 

pacnyTHi;|a  [rAsput^itsa] 
/  -bi  bad  roads,  impassablli- 
ty  of  roads  (because  of  slush); 
the  season  of  bad  roads. 

pacnyxbiBJaxb  [rAsputivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pacny- 
x|axb  [rAsputat^[  perf  -aio, 
-aeiub   1.   untangle,  disentan- 


pac 


394 


gle,  untwine;  2.  fig  puzzle 
out,  untangle,  unravel. 

pacnyiueHH|biH  [rAspu- 

sh'':inty]  a  [pa]  sh  f  pac- 
nymeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  undis- 
ciplined; spoilt  {child);  2. 
dissolute,  loose,   immoral. 

paccBCT  [rAs^'s^v^et,  -d] 
m  -a,    -OB    dawn,    daybreak. 

pacceHB|aTb  [rAs^'s^eivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pacc^jsiTb 
[rAs^s^'eyat^J  perf  -yo,  -euib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  disperse,  scat- 
ter;   dispel,    dissipate    {also 

fig)- 

pacceHB|aTbc$i  [rAs^s^ei- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiub- 
CH,  pacce|HTbcsi  [rAs^s^eya- 
tts9]  perf  -locb,  -eiubCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -hch, 
-Hiecfa  1.  disperse,  scatter; 
dissipate  {also  fig)\  2.  fig 
divert/  amuse  oneself. 

paccepA|HTbC5i  Iras^s^i^rdi- 
ttja]   perf   paccep>Kycb,   pac- 

CepAHIIIbCH,    p    -HJICH,    -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  get  /  become 
angry. 

pacceflHH|biH  [rAs^s'^eya- 
niy]  a  [pa]  1.  scattered 
{here  and  there);  diffused 
(light,  etc);  2.  {sh  f  pacceHH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi)  absent-minded; 
—  biH  BsrjiHA  vacant    glance. 

pacceflTb    see    pacceHBaxb. 

paccesiTbCfl  see  paccenBaxb- 

CH. 

paccKas  [rAskas,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  account,  narrative;  2. 
story,  narrative. 

paccKasarb  see  paccKasbi- 
Baib. 

paccKasbialaib  ["Askazt- 
vat^J    imperf    -aw,     -aeujb, 


paccKalaaxb  [raskAzat^]  perf 
-jKy,  paccKa^euib,  p  -aaji, 
imp  -HCH  tell,  narrate,  relate, 
give  an  account  of; 
<>  ~aH  KOMy-ji.  (ApyroMy) 
col  =  tell  it  to  the  marines. 

paccjieAOBaHH|e  [rAs^s^l^e- 
davan^iya]  n  -h,  -h  investi- 
gation, inquiry  {into);  na- 
3HaqHTb  --e  order  an  investi- 
gation /  inquiry  {into). 

paccjieAJOBaTb  [rAs^s^'Pe- 
davat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft 
investigate,  inquire  into. 

paccMaTpHB|aTb  [rAssmat- 
r^ivat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
paccMOTplexb  [rassmAtr^et''] 
perf  -K),  paccMOTpHuib,  p 
-eji,  imp  -H  1.  examine,  scru- 
tinize; 2.  consider  (a  matter, 
etc);  3.  {no  perf)  consider, 
regard  {as);  4.  {no  imperf) 
discern,  see  clearly,  make 
out. 

paccnpauiMBJaTb  [rAsspra- 
shivaf*]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
paccnpoc|MTb  [rassprAs^it^] 
perf  paccnpomy,  paccnpo- 
cHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  ques- 
tion, ask  questions  of;  ask 
questions  {about),  make  in- 
quiries {about). 

paccpoHJKa  [rAssroch^ka] 
/  -KH,  -ck:  npcAocxaBHTb 
^-Ky  Ha  roA  grant  a  year 
for  installments; 
<>  B  ~Ky  by  installments; 
on  an  installment  plan. 

paccTa|BaTbC5i  [rastAva- 
ttja]  imperf  -ibcb,  -embCH,  p 
-BajicH,  -Bajiacb,  imp  -Baftca^ 
-BaHTecb,  paccTJaTbCJi  [tas- 
tattjaj  perf  -anycb,   -aHeiUb- 


--  395 


pac 


CH,  p  -ajiCH,  -ajiacb,  imp  -aHb- 
CH,  -aHbxecb  1.  part  {with 
stub);  leave  (one's  country, 
etc);  2.  fig  give  up  (an  idea, 
etc). 
paccraBHTb    see,    pacciaB- 

JIHTb. 

paccxaBjilflTb  [rasstAv- 

l^at^]  imperf  -hk),  -neuib, 
paccTaBJHTb  [rAsstav^it^] 
perf  -JIK),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-h  1.  arrange,  place  (in  a 
certain  manner)',  —  nxb  cexH 
set  /  spread  nets;  2.  place 
apart,  move  apart  (one's 
legs,  etc). 

paccTaxbcfl  see  paccxaeaxb- 

CH. 

paccxerHB|axb  [rAs**t^6g^i- 
vat^l  imperf  -aro,  -aeuib, 
paccxerHJyxb  [ras^'t^i^gnut^] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
undo,  unfasten  (a  ^oat,  etc); 
unbutton;  unhook;  unclasp; 
unbuckle;  unzip. 

paccxerHBJaxbCJi  [rAs^t^o- 
g^'ivattja]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aeiubCH,  paccxerHlyxbCfl 

[ras^f'i^gnuttja]  perf  -ycb, 
-euibCH,  p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -Hxecb  1.  get  undone/ 
unfastened  (of  a  coat,  etc); 
get  unbuttoned;  get  unhooked; 
get  unclasped}  get  unbuckled; 
2.  undo  /  unfasten  /  unbut- 
ton /  unhook  one's  coat  [shirt, 
etc], 

paccxernyxb  see  paccxern- 
saxb. 

paccierHyTbCfl    see  paccxe- 

PHBaXbCH. 

paccxoflHHle  [rastAyan^iya] 
/I  -H,  -H  distance  (also  fig)- 
space,    room    (between);    Ha 


oAHHaKOBOM  — H  at  the  same 
distance;  at  regular  intervals. 

paccxpaHBJaxb  [rAstraivat**] 
imperf  -am,  -aeiiib,  paccxp6|- 
Hxb  [rAstroit^]  perf  -lo, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  put 
into  disorder,  disturb,  throw 
into  confusion;  —  axb  pnAii 
break  the  ranks;  2.  shatter 
(nerves,  etc);  disorder  (one's 
health);  paccxpoHXb  Mcejiy^oK 
cause  indigestion;  3.  upset, 
frustrate,  disturb  (smb's 
plans,  etc);  4.  upset,  put  out 
(smb). 

paccxpaHBJaxbCH  [rAstrai- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  paccxpolHXbCJi  [rAstroi- 
ttja]  perf  -locb,  -HUJbCH,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -H,nacb,  imp  -hch,  -flxecb 
1.  fall  to  the  ground,  be  up- 
set (of  plans,  etc);  2.  get  up- 
set; be  upset;  3.  get  out  of 
tune  (of  an  instrument). 

paccxpeji  [rAstr^'elj  m  -a  1. 
shooting  (down)  (of  a  demon- 
stration, etc);  2.  execution 
(by  shooting). 

paccxpejiMBJarb  [rAstr^ePi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pac- 
cxpeji'jHXb  [rastr^'i^l^at^]  per^ 
-HK),  -Heuib  1.  shoot  (down) 
(a  murderer,  etc);  2.  use 
(up)  (cartridges). 

paccxpoHTb  see  paccxpa- 
Hsaxb. 

paccxpOHxbCfl  see   paccxpa- 

HSaXbCH. 

paccxpOHCTB  1  o  [  rAstroyst- 
va]  n  -a,  -^  1.  disorder, 
confusion;  npHBOAHXb  b  ~'0 
put  into  disorder,  throw  into 
confusion;  2.:  ^o  HcejiyAKa 
stomach  disorder,  indigestion; 


pac 


396  — 


3.  derangement,  frustration 
(0/  plans,  etc). 

paccyjTHTejibHlbiH  [rassud^'i- 
t^iPniy]  a  sh  f  paccyAHTe- 
jieH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  reasonable, 
judicious,  wise  sober-minded. 

paccyAJOK  [rAssLidal<,  -g] 
m  -Ka  1.  reason  {the  power 
to  think);  2.  reason,  common 
sense;  mind,  intellect. 

paccyiK;ilaTb  [rassuzhdat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -^euib  reason 
{think  things  out);  reason 
{about),  discuss;  argue 
{about). 

paccyiKAeHHle    [rassuzhd^'e- 


n^iya]  n  -h,  -h 


reasonmg; 


2.  argument,  discourse. 

paccHHTarb  see  paccMHibi- 
BaTb  1,  2. 

paccHHTaTbCfl  see  paccqHXbi- 

BaXbCH. 

paccHMTbiB|aTb  [rAsh^iitt- 
vot^]  imperf  -aro,  -aeuib,  pac- 
CMHT|aTb  [r8sh*':itat*']  perf 
-aio,  -aeiiib  1.  calculate,  rate; 
He  paccHHTaxb  cbohx  chji 
overrate  one's  strength;  2. 
discharge,  dismiss;  3.  {no 
perf)  mean,  intend;  expect 
(to  do  smth.);  4.  {no  perf) 
count  {on),   reckon  {on).   , 

pacc4HTbiB|aTbcji  [rAsh^:i- 
tivattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  paccMHTldTbcji  [rosh^.i- 
tattj9[  perf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH 
settle  accounts. 

paccbiJi|aTb  [rasstlat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  pa30CJi|aTb 
[razAslat'']  perf  paaoiujiib, 
pa 30111  Jieiub,  p  -aji,  imp  pa- 
aouiJiH  send,  dispatch  {letters, 
etc,   in   different    directions). 

pacchinaTb  see    paccbinaTb. 


paccbin|aTb  [rasstpat*']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  paccbinjaTb 
[rAsslpat^]  perf  -jikd,  -jieiiib, 
p  -aji,  imp  -b  1.  spill  {sugar, 
flour,  etc);  2.  pour  out,  pour 
{sugar,  flour,  etc,  into  sacks, 
etc). 

pacTanjiHB|aTb  I  [rAstapPi- 
VBi^]  imperf -aK),  -aeuib,  pac- 
TonlHTb  [rastAp^if*]  perf 
-JiK),  pacTonHiiib,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-H  kindle,  light  {a  stove). 

pacTan»iHB|aTb  II  [rAstap- 
l^ivaL**]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
pacTon|MTb  [rastAp^it'']  perf 
-jiK),  pacTonHujb,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-H  melt,  render   (down). 

paciajiTb  see  xaHTbl,  3,  4. 

pacTBop  [rAstvor]  m  -a, 
-OB  chem  solution. 

pacTBOpHTbcii  I  see  pacTBo- 

pHTbCH  I. 

paCTBOpMTbCH   II   igg  pBC- 
TBOpHTbCH  II. 

pacTBOplflTbCfl  I  [rastvA- 
r^attja]  imperf  -HercH,  pac- 
TBop|HTbCJi  [rastvAr^ittjaJ 
perf  pacTBopHTCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb  open  {of  a  door,  etc). 

pacTBOp|flTbcsi  II  [rastvA- 
r^attja]  imperf  -HexcH,  pac- 
TBOp|HTbCJi         [rastvAr^'ittja] 

perf    -HTCH,     p     -HJICH,     -HJiaCb 

chem  dissolve. 

pacTeHHJe  [rAS^'t^'en^iya]  n 
-fl,  -H  plant  {a  vegetable  or- 
ganism). 

pacxepeTb  see  pacTHpaxb. 

pacxepJiHHbiH  [rAs''t^er*'a- 
niy]  a  [pa]  embarrassed,  con- 
fused, perplexed;  at  a  loss. 

pacTep|flTbCJi  [ras^t*'i^r*'a- 
ttsaj  perf  -aiocb,  -neuibCH 
become      confused,      become 


—  397  — 


pac 


embarrassed,  become  perplex- 
ed, lose  one's  head;  be  ta- 
ken aback. 

pac|Tii  [rAs^t^i]  imperf  -Ty, 
-Teuib,  p  poc,  pocjia,  imp  -th 

1.  grow  up  {of  children,  etc); 

2.  grow,  increase,  mount. 
pacTHpjaTb        [ras^t^ir^t"'] 

imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  pacTepexb 
[ras^t^i^r^et'']  perf  paaoTpy, 
paaoTpeiub,  p  pacrep,  pacxep- 
jia,  imp  pasoTpH  1.  grind  {to 
powder,  etc);  2.  massage,  rub. 

paCTHTeJIbHOCT|b       [rAS^'t^'l- 

t^iPnas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  vege- 
tation, verdure. 

pacTHTejibHbiH  [rAs^t^it^il^- 
niy]  a  vegetable  {diet,  oil, 
etc);  ^  MHp  the  vegetable 
kingdom. 

pacTOjiOHb  see  TOJioMb. 

pacTonMTb  I  see  pacTanjiH- 
Baib  I. 

pacToniiTb  II  see  pacranjiH- 
BaTb  II. 

pacToprjaxb  [rastArgat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  pacxopr- 
H|yxb  [rAstorgnut^]  perf  -y, 
■euib,  p  pacxopr  {-yji),  pa- 
cxopFJia,  imp  -h  annul,  can- 
cel, abrogate,  dissolve  {a 
treaty,  agreement^  etc). 

pacxop)KeHH|e  [rastArzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -a.  annulment,  cancel- 
lation, abrogation;  dissolu- 
tion (of  a  marriage,  etc). 

pacxop6nH|biH  [rsstArdp- 
nfy]  a  sh  f  pacxoponen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  prompt,  quick,  effi- 
cient. 

pacxpaxja  [rAstrata]  /  -bi, 
^  embezzlement,    peculation. 

pacxporaHHbiH  [rAstrdga- 
niy]  a  [pa\  moved,  touched. 


pacxporjaxb  [rAstrogat^j 
perf  -aK),  -aeuib  move,  touch, 
stir. 

pacxHTMBJaxb  [rAs't^ag^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  pac- 
xflH|yxb  [ras^'t^i^nut'']  perf 
-y,  pacxHHeujb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 

1.  stretch  {rubber,  leather, 
etc);  2.  sprain,  strain,  pull; 
3.  drag  out  (a  report,  etc); 
prolong  {pleasure,  etc). 

pat:x«rHBlaxbCJi  [rAs^t^a- 
g^'ivattsa]  imperf  -aiocb, 
-aembCH,  pacxJiHlyxbCfl  [ras**- 
t^i'^nuttja]  perf  -ycb,  pacxH- 
HeujbCH,  p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1.  be  drag- 
ged    out,     draw     in    length; 

2.  stretch  oneself,  sprawl. 
pacxflHyxb  see  pacxHrHsaxb. 
pacxHHyxbCji    see   pacxarw- 

BaXbCH. 

pacxa}KHB|axb  [rAskhazht- 
vat*"]  imperf  -aw,  -aeuib  walk/ 
stroll  about;  strut  about; 
pace  {the  floor). 

pacxoA  [rAskhot,  -d]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  {mostly  pi)  ex- 
penses, expenditure; 

<>    BBCCXH    KOrO-Jl.    B     — -      put 

smb  to  expense. 

pacxoAJMXbCJi  [raskhAd^i- 
ttja]  imperf  pacxoHtycb,  pac- 

XOAHUIbCH,     p      -HJICH,     -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb,  paaofiixHCb 
[razAyt^is^]  perf  -Aycb,  -Aeuib- 
CH,  p  paaoiuejicji,  paaouiJiacb, 
imp  -AHCb,  -AHxecb  1.  go  away, 
depart  {of  guests,  etc);  dis- 
perse, break  up  {of  a  crowd, 
etc);  2.  fail  to  meet,  miss 
each  other  {said  of  two  mov- 
ing people,  cars,  etc);  3.  part 
{cease  associating);  drift  apart 


|)ac 


—  398  — 


(of  people);  get  divorced;  be 
divorced;  4.  diverge,  branch 
off;  5.  fig  d'lUev  {in  opinion); 
y  Hero  cjiosa  He  pacxoi^HTCH 
c  AeJioM  his  words  and  deeds 
are  never  at  variance;  6.  be 
sold  out;  be  out  of  print;  be 
spent  (of  money,  etc);  7.  fig 
fly  into  a  rage  /  temper; 
let  oneself  go. 

pacxofljOBaxb  [rAskhoda- 
vat*']  imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yft,  HsipacxoAo- 
Baxb  [izrAskhodavat^]  perf 
spend,  expend;  iise  (co/isume); 
perf  also  use  up,  run  out  of. 

pacxowAeHHie  [raskhAzhd^e- 
n^iya]  n  -ji,  -h  divergence, 
difference  {of  opinion,  etc); 
discrepancy. 

pacxoxo|TaTbcji  [raskhakhA- 
tattsa]  perf  -^ycb,  pacxo- 
xoMeuibCH,  p  -xajicfl,  -xajiacb, 
imp  -qHCb,  -qHxecb  burst 
into  laughter,  burst  out  laugh- 
ing. 

pacusecxH    see   pacitBexaxb. 

pacuBex  [rAstjv'^et,  -d]  m 
-a  1.  bloom,  blossoming, 
efflorescence;  2.  fig  heyday, 
flourishing,  golden  age;  6yp- 
Hbifi  —  rapid  growth,  astound: 
ing  growth;  b  ~e  chji'  in  the 
prime  of  life. 

pacuBex|,axb  [rastjv^i^ta^''] 
irnperf  -aip,  -aeiiib,  paci;Be|- 
cxii  [rastjv^i^s^t^'i]  perf  -xy, 
-xeiiib,  p  pacuBeji,  -Jia,  imp 
-XII  1.  blossom  (out),  bloom; 
2.  fig  flourish,  prosper. 

pacueHHB|axb  [rAstjen^i- 
vat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
pacueHJHXb  [rastst^n^it'']  perf 
•K),  pacueHHiub,   p   -h;i,    imp 


-H  1.  estimate,  assess;  2.  fig 
qualify,  regard,  consider;  KaK 
Bbi  -—aexe  axo  saivieqaHHe? 
what  do  you  think  of  this 
remark? 

paci^eHlKH  [rAstsenk^'i]  pi 
-OK  {sing  pacueHK|a  /  -h) 
rates,  prices. 

pacHecaxb  see  pacqecbisaxb. 

pacnecbiBlaxb  [rAsh*':6st- 
vat^j  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
pacHejcaxb  [rash^i^sat^]  perf 
-my,  pacqemeuib,  p  -caji,  imo 
-uiH  1.  comb  {the  hair);  2. 
scratch  raw  {the  skin). 

pacHex  [rAsh^:6t,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  calculation  {also 
technol);  estimate  {prelimi- 
nary calculation);  2.  settling- 
(of  accounts)  {with);  no  6e3- 
najiHWHOMy  -— y  by  written  or- 
der {of  buying,  etc);  3.:  Aaib 
~  discharge,  dismiss;  B3HXb 
•~  quit,  leave  one's  job;  4..: 
Hex  —a  AeJiaxb  axo  col  it's 
not  worth  the  trouble  /  doing 
this; 

<>  npHHHMaxb  B  —  take  into 
consideration  /  account;  6wxb 
B  --e  c  KCM-Ji.  be  quits  with 
smb;  B  ~e  Ha  hxg-ji.  count- 
ing on  smth.  calculating  on 
smth;  H3  ~a  at  a  rate   {of). 

pac4exjiHB|biH  [rAsh^iof*- 
l^iviy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
econornical  (perso/i);  prudent, 
circumspect. 

pacuiHpHXb  see  pacuiHpHXb. 

pacuiMpl«xb  [rashiir^at''] 
imperf  -hio,  -neuib,  pacuiH- 
p|HXb  [rAsh:fr^it'']  perf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b  widen, 
broaden,  enlarge,  expand, 
extend. 


—  399  — 


pe6 


pacuiH^poeaTb   see   paciim- 

4)p6BbIBaTb. 

paciuH(})p6BbiB|aTb  [r8sh:i- 
froviv^t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
pacuiH(|)p|oBaTb  [rashiJfrA- 
vat^]  perf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yfl  decipher  {also 

fig). 

pacmenjieHHle  [rash^:i^p- 
Pen^iya]  n  -a  phys,  chem 
splitting;  fission;  breaking 
up. 

pa(})HHaA  [raPinat,  -d]  m 
-a  lump  sugar. 

pauHOHajiHsauHJsi  [rgtsia- 
nal^'izatsiya]  /  -h  rationali- 
zation; improvements  {in 
production,  technique,  etc). 

pauHOHajibH|biH  [ratjtAnal^- 
niy]  a  sh  f  pauHonajieH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  rational  {expedient). 

pea  [rva],  pBoe  [rvof,  -v] 
see  poB. 

pBaH|bijf  [rvaniy]  a  torn 
{coat,  etc);  lacerated  {wound). 

pBaJTb  I  [rvat^]  imperf 
psy,  pBeiiib,  p  -ji,  -jia,  pBajio, 
pBajiH,  imp  pBH,  nopEJaxb 
IpArvat^J  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-aji,  -ajia,  imp  -h  1.  tear, 
rend;  2.  {no  perf)  pick  {flow- 
ers, etc);  3.  fig  break  (off) 
{with); 

<>  —Tb  3y6bi  extract  teeth, 
pull  out  teeth;  '--xb  h  mc- 
xaxb  col  ^  be  in  a  rage. 

pBaxb  II  [rvat^]  imperf 
pBex,  p  pBajio,  BbipBJaxb 
[virvat^]  perf  -ex,  p  -ajio 
impers  vomit,  throw  up;  ero 
psex  he  is  vomiting,  he  vom- 
its. 

pBa|xbCfl    [rvattj9]    imperf 

pByCfa,      pBeuibCH,       p        -JICH, 


-Jiacb,   -jidcb    (-jiocb),    -JiHCb, 

(-JIHCb),    imp     pBHCb,     pBHXeCb 

1.  tear  {become  torn);  2.  burst 
{of  shells,  etc);  3.  fig  be  dy- 
ing, strain  (/o  do  smth);  ^xb- 
cji  B  6oH  be  spoiling  for  a 
fight. 

pBeHHJe  [rv^en^iya]  n  -h 
zeal,  fervour,  ardour,  enthu- 
siasm. 

pBex  [rv^ot,  -d]  see 
pBaxb  II. 

pBH  [rv^i]   see  pBaxb  I. 

pBMCb      [rV^is^,      'Z^j,     pBH- 

xecb  [rv^it^'is^,  -z^]  see 
pBaxbCH. 

pBoxja  [rvota]  /  -bi  vomit- 
ing, vomit. 

pBy  [rvu],  pBCuib  [rv^osh, 
-zh]   see  pBaxb  I. 

pBycb  [rvus^,  -z^J,  pBeiub- 
csi   [rv'^oshs^'a]    see    pBaxbCH. 

pearMpjoBaxb  [r^iAg^'ira- 
vat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yemb, 
p  -oBaji,  imp  -yfl  1.  biol, 
chem  react;  2.  react  {to),  res- 
pond {to). 

peaKXHBHbiH  [r^iAkt^ivnty] 
a  jet  {attr)  {engine,   etc). 

peaKUHOHHibiM  [r^'iAktjtdn- 
niy]  a  sh  f  peaKUHoneH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  reactionary. 

peaKUHlsi  I  [r^i^aktsiya]  / 
-H,  -H  reaction  {to). 

peaKHH|si  II  [r^i^aktsiya]  / 
-H  pol  reaction. 

peajiHSM  [r^iAl^izm]  m  -a 
realism. 

peajibHJbiH  [r^'i^al^ntyj  a 
sh  f  peajieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  l.real 
{facts,  etc);  2.  practical,  real- 
istic; practicable,  feasible. 

pe6eH|oK  [r^i^b^'onak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  pi  pe6axa,  pe6flx,  pe- 


—  400 


6HTaM  child,  kid;  baby,  in- 
fant {also  fig). 

peSpjo  [r^'i^bro]  n  -a,  pi 
pe6pa,  pe6ep,  pe6paM  anat, 
technol  rib; 

<0>  cxaBHTb  Bonpoc  ~6m  put 
a  question  point-blank. 

pe6flTa  [r^i^b^ata]  see  pe- 
6eH0K. 

pee  [r^of,  -v]  m  -a  1.  roar 
{of  animals,  the  sea,  wind)', 
2.  col  howl,  weeping. 

peBJexb  [r^i^v^et^]  imperf 
-y,  -eiEb,  p  -eji,  imp  -h  1.  roar 
{of  animals,  the  sea,  wind)', 
2.  col  howl,  weep. 

peBH3H|H  [r^i^v^'iz^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  I.  inspection  [an  offi- 
cial examination,  check-up)',  2. 
revision  {distorting  changes). 

peBMaTH3M  [r'^ivniAt^izm] 
m  -a  med  rheumatism. 

peBHHB|biH  [r^i^vn^'iviy]  a 
sh  f  '^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  jealous 
{wife,  etc). 

peBH|oBaTb  [r^ivnAvat^] 
imperf  -y\o,  -yeiiib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yft  feel  jealousy  {of  a 
lover)',  be  jealous  of  {one's 
wife,  etc). 

peBHOCTJb  [r^evnas^'t^, 

-z^d^]  /  -H  jealousy  {of  a  lov- 
er); MyKH  ---H  torments  of 
jjealousy. 

peBOjiiouHOHep  [r^ival^u- 
tstAn'^er]  m  -a,  -ob  revolu- 
tionary. 

peB0jiK)U,H6iiH|biH  [r^'ivaPu- 
tjionnty]  a  sh  f  peBOJiiouHo- 
HCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  revolutionary 
{movement,  etc). 

peBOjiibuH|fl  [r'^ivAl^'utjiya] 
/  -H,  -H  revolution  {1)  pol; 
2)  a  complete  change). 


perHCTpaxypla  [r'lg^istrA- 
tura]  /  -bi,  —  registry  {an 
office). 

perHCTpHploBaxb  [r^'igist- 
r^iravat^l  /mper/ -yio, -yeinb, 
p  -oeaji,  imp  -yft,  3a!perH- 
cxpHpoBaxb  [zar^ig^istr^'i- 
ravat^J  perf  register,  rec- 
ord. 

perHCxpHp|oBaxfaCji  [r^ig^'i- 
str^iravattsa]  itnperf  -yiocb, 
-yembC5r,p  -oeajiCH, -oeajiacb, 
imp  -yftcH,  -yiiTecb,  saiperH- 
cxpHpoBaxbCfl  [zar^ig^istr^i- 
ravattsa]  perf  1.  register 
oneself,  register  one's  name; 
2.   register  one's  marriage. 

perjiaMeHx  [r^i^glam^'mt, 
-.d]  m  -a  time-limit  {at  a 
meeting)',  regulations  of  pro- 
cedure, standing  order  {at  a 
meeting). 

peryjiMpjoBaxb  [r^igul^ira- 
vat^j  imperf  -yK),  -yeuib,  p 
-oeaji,  imp  -yfl  regulate 
{speed,  prices,  etc). 

peryjiflpHlbiH  [r^'igul^arnty] 
a  sh  f  peryjiHpeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
regular  {life,  army). 

peAaKXHp|oBaxb  [r^idAkt^i- 
ravat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeiiib, 
p  -oeaJi,  imp  -yft,  oxjpeAaK- 
xHpoBaxb  [Atr^idAkt^iravat''] 
perf  edit. 

pcAaKxcp  [r^i^daktar]  m  -a, 
-OB  editor;  oTBexcxBeHHbiH  -^ 
editor-in-chief. 

pCAaKUHlfl  [r^i^daktjtya]  / 
-H,  -H  1.:  noA  —eft...  edited 
by.s.;  2.  wording  {new,  fresh, 
etc,  of  a  text);  3.  variant, 
reading  {of  a  hook);  4.  edi- 
torial board;  editorial  staff; 
5.  editorial  office, 


401 


peK 


pcuHcIna  [r^i^d^iska] /-KH, 
-OK  radish. 

peAKlHH  [r^etk^iy]  a  sli  f 
peAOK,  -a,  -o,  -H  1.  thin, 
sparse,  rare;  2.  rare  {guest,  oc- 
currence, etc). 

peflKOCT  1  b  [  r^etkas^t^ ,  -z^d^  ] 
/  -H,  -eft  rarity; 
<0-  Ha  ~h  A66pbiH  [KpacM- 
Bbiii  u  m.  n.]  of  rare  kindness 
[beauty,  etc\\  very  /  excep- 
tionally kind  [beautiful, 
etc]. 

pence  [r^ezhi^]  comp  of 
peAKHH  and  corresp  adv. 

pejKHM  [r^i^zhlm]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  regime  (also  pal)',  ^  hh- 
TaHHH  diet;  co6jiiOAaTb  no- 
CTejibHbiH  '—  tned  keep  one's 
bed;  2.  technol  rate,  condi- 
tions {of  temperature,  etc); 
<^  —  aKOHOMHH  economy,  pol- 
icy of  economizing. 

pewHCcep  [r^izhis^or]  m 
-a,  -OB  producer  {of  a  play, 
etc). 

pe)Ky  [r'^ezhu],  pcHceiub 
[r^'ezhash,  -zh]  see  pesaxb. 

pe)Kb  [r^esh,    -zh]    see   p§- 

3a  TK. 

pea]  ax  b  [r^ezat^]  imperf 
pe»cy,  pesceuib,  p  -aji,  imp 
pe>Kb,  Baipeaaxb  [zAr^ezat^] 
perf  \.  {no  perf)  cut  {1)  di- 
vide with  smtfi  sharp;  2) 
cause  pain,  as  of   a   string); 

2.  kill,  slaughter  (ca///e,  etc); 

3.  {no  perf):  ~axb  cjiyx  jar 
on  the  ears;  ---axb  rjiaaa  irri- 
tate the  eyes. 

pe3B|biH  [r^'ezviy]  a  sh  f 
'-',  -a,  -o  -bi  1.  frisky, 
sportive;  2.  fast  {horse). 

pesepB  [r^'i^z^erf,  -v]  m  -a, 


-08    reserve(s)  (1)  mil;   2)  of 
raw  materials,  etc). 

pesHHla    [r^ 
(india-)rubber. 

pe3HH|Ka  [r^i^z^inka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  eraser  {of  rubber); 
2.  elastic. - 

pesMHOBbiH  [r^i^z'^inaviy]  a 
rubber  {ball',  etc). 

pe3K|HH  [r^esk^iy]  a  -aH, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  pesoK,  -a,  -o,  -h 
sharp  {wind,  words,  change, 
etc);  harsh  {contrast,  voice, 
person,  etc);  short  {temper, 
manners,  etc);  —hh  sanax 
strong  smell. 

pe30JiH)UH|ii  [r^'izAputjiys] 
/  -H,  -ft  1.  resolution  7^/  ci 
meeting,  etc);  BbinecxH  ~k) 
pass  /  adopt  a  resolution; 
2.  decision,,  conclusion,  brief 
instructions  {written  on  an 
application,  report,  etc);  na- 
jiojKHTb  — -K)  write  brief  in- 
striictions,  write  one's  deci- 
sion /  conclusion  {on  an  appli- 
cation, report,  etc). 

pe3yjibxix  [r^izul't^t,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  result;  Ao6HXbCH 
x6p6mHX  -^OB  achieve  good 
results;  make  a  good  showing; 
make  good  progress; 
<>    B    ~e   as    a    result    {of). 

pefic  [r^eys,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
trip''  run;  av  flight. 

peK|d  [r^i^ka]  /  -h,  ace  -y 
(p^Ky),  pi  peKH,  — ,  -aM(pe- 
KaM)  river  {also  fig). 

peKBM3Hp|0Baxb  [r^'ikv^iz^i- 
ravat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yra, 
-yeuib,  p  rOBaJi,  imp  -yfi 
requisition  {property). 

peKjiaMJa  [r^'i^klama]  /  -bi, 
^     I.      advertisement,     ad; 


pCK 


—  402 


theat  h\\\\   2.    publicity,    ad- 
vertising. 

peKOMeHflauH|n  [r^ikam^'i^n- 
dat^tya]  /  -h,  -h  recommen- 
dation (/)  advice  or  praise; 
2)  a  letter  of  recommendation). 

peKOMCHAloBaxb  [r'^ikam^in- 
dAvat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yK), 
-yeiub,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yft  rec- 
ommend (/)  speak  in  favour 
of;  2)  advise). 

peKOHCTpyKi;H|n  [r^ikAn- 
struktjiya]  /  -h  reconstruc- 
tion. 

pcKopjl  [r^i^kort,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  record  {the  best  perform- 
ance); nociaBHTb  /  yciaHOBHTb 
^  set  a  record. 

pejiHrHoaHJbiH  [r^iPig^ioz- 
niy]  a  sh  f  pejiHrHoaen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  religious  {1)  beliefs, 
etc,  2)  person,  etc);  -~biH  o6- 
pHA  religious  rite/ ceremony. 

pejiHrHla  [r^i^l'^ig^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  religion  {belief  in  and 
worship  of  God  or  gods). 

pejibc  [r^el''?,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  rail  (for  trains,  etc). 

peM|eHb  [r^i^m'^en^]  m-nn, 
-Heft  strap  (of  leather,  etc); 
(waist-)belt. 

peMecjieHHHK  [r^i^m^es^Pi- 
n^ik,  -g]  m -a, -ob  1.  (handi-) 
craftsman;  2.  fig  mediocre 
worker  [artist,  etc] 

peMecjieHi 
I'mniy]    a:      ~oe     yqnJiHme 
trades  school. 

peMecjijo  [r^im^i^slo]  n  -^, 
pi  peMecjia  peMeceji,  peMec- 
jiaM  trade,  handicraft. 

peMOHT  [r^i^mont,  -d]  m  -a 
repair(s);  b  ~e  under  repair. 

peMOHTHp|oBaTb    [r^'imAn^- 


t^iraval^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft,  oxipeMOH- 
THpOBaTb[Atr^imAn^t^ir9V9t^] 
perf  repair,    refit,    overhaul. 

peHTa6ejibH|biH  [r^i^nta- 
b^'il^niy]  a  sh  f  peHiaSejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  non-deficient,  pay- 
ing {concern,  etc). 

peHTieHOBCKlHH  [r^i^ntg^e- 
nafsk^iy]  a  -aa,  -oe,  -He 
X-ray  {attr);  —ne  Jiyqii 
X-rays;  ~hh  chhmok  radio- 
graph. 

pen! a  [r^epa]    /  -bi  turnip. 

penepxyap  [r^ip^irtuar]  m 
-a  theat  repertoire,  reper- 
tory. 

pcnexHp!oBaxb  [r^ip^i^t^i- 
ravat'']  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -oeaji,  imp  -yft  theat  re- 
hearse. 

penexHUH|ji  [r^ip^'i^t^itjiya] 
/  -H,  -ft  theat  rehearsal. 

penopxajK  [r^ipArtash,  -zh] 
m  -a,  -eft  eyewitness  account 
{of  a  match,  etc);  reporting 
{for  the  press  or  radio). 

penopxep  [r^ipArt^or]  m  -a, 
-OB  reporter,  news-man. 

penpeccHlfl  [r^i^pr^'es^iya] 
/  -H,  -ft  repression  {.against) 
noAEepraxbCH  --'HM  be  perse- 
cuted, be  subject  to  repres- 
sions. 

penpoflyKxop  [r^iprAduktar] 
m  -a,  -OB  loud   speaker. 

penyxauHJfl  [r^iputatsiya] 
/  -H  reputation,  repute;  ;;o- 
po}KHXb  CBoeft  ^eft  value 
one's   reputation. 

pecHMuja  [r^i^s^n'^itsa]-  / 
-bi,   '—  eyelash. 

pecny6jiHK|a  [r^'i^spubPi- 
kaj  /  -H,  ^  republic. 


403 


pRH 


pecny6jiHKaHCK|HH  [r^ispub- 
l^ikansk^iy]  a  -aH,  -oe,  -He 
1.  republican;  2.  republic's, 
all-republic  (attr). 

pecTopaH  [r^islAran]  m  -a, 
-OB  restaurant. 

ped}6pM|a  [r^i^forma]  /  -bi, 
'-'  reform;  jieueyKHan  —a 
monetary  /  currency  reform. 

peueHSHJn  [r^i^tsen^z^iya] 
/  -H,  -H  review,  criticism; 
theat   notice   {in    the  precis). 

peuenr  [r^i'^tsept,  -bd]  m-a, 
-OB  recipe;  med  prescription. 

pcHHOH  [r^i^ch^noy]  a  river 
(attr);  riverain;  riverine;  ~ 
TpsMBaH  river  bus. 

peH|b  fr^ech^,  -j^]  /  -h, 
-eft  speech;  npHBeTCTBeHHan 
'--b  salutatory  address,  speech 
of  welcome;  o  qeivi  ~b?  what 
are  you  talking  about?;  o6 
9T0M  H  --H  He  6hiJio  there 
was  no  question    of   this;  o6 

3T0M     He    MOJKCT     6bITb   H     ~H 

this  is  out    of   the  question. 

peui|aTb  [r^i^shat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  pem'|HTb .  [r^'i'^- 
shft^]  perf  -y,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  decide,  resolve; 
make  up  one's  mind;  2.  solve 
(a  problem,  etc);  settle  {a 
question,  etc). 

peui|aTbC5i  [r^i*^shatts9] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  pe- 
ui|HTbC5i     [r^i^shfttsa]      perf 

-yCb,   -HIlJbCH,  p  -HJICH,  -HJiaCb, 

imp  -iicb,  -HTecb  make  up 
one's  mind,  determine;  ven- 
ture, dare. 

peuiaiomlHH  [r^i^shayu- 
sh^-.iy]  a  \pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He 
decisive  {battle,  step,  etc); 
deciding  {vote,  etc)^ 


peujeHH|e  [r^i^shen^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  decision  {of  a  commit- 
tee, etc);  resolution  {of  a  meet- 
ing); judgement  {of  a  court); 
verdict  {of  a  jury);  npHHHTb 
~e  1)  make  up  one's  mind, 
come  to  a  decision;  make  a 
decision;  2)  pass  a  resolution; 
BhinecTH  --el)  deliver  judge- 
ment; return  a  verdict;  2) 
pass  a  resolution;  2.  solution 
{of  a  problem,  etc);  settle- 
ment {of  a  question,  etc); 
3.  conclusion    {a  judgement). 

peuieT|Ka  [r*'i^sh6tk9]  / 
-KH,  -OK  grating,  grate;  fend- 
er; fire-guard; 

<>  sa  — 'KCH  col  in  jail;  no- 
caAHTbsa  ^Ky  col  jail,  put 
into  prison. 

peuiHTejibHOcxlb  [r^'i^sht- 
t^iPnas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  reso- 
luteness, resolution. 

peiiiHTejibH|biil  [r^i^^shi- 
t^iPnty]  a  sh  f  peiiiHTejieH, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  1.  decisive  {major 
deciding);  2.  determined,  de- 
cided, resolute;  3.  resolute, 
firm. 

peuiMTb  see  pemarb. 

peuiHTbcsi  see  pemaTbCH. 

p)KaB|eTb  [rzhav^it^]  im- 
perf -eeT  rust  {of    iron,    etc). 

piKaBHHHJa  [rzhafch^ina]  / 
-bi  rust  {on  iron,  etc). 

pjKaxb  [rzhat^]  imperf 
pjKex,  p  pjKaji  neigh. 

pwH  [rzhi]   see  po^b. 

pHHr  [r^ink,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
ring  {for  boxing,  etc). 

pHH|yTbcJi  [r^inuttja]  perf 
-ycb,  -euibCH,  p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -bCH,  -bxecfe  rush  (head- 
long), dash. 


pHC 


404  — 


pHC  [r^is,  -z]  m  -a  rice. 

pMCK  [r^isk,  -zg]  m -a  risk; 
nojtBepraTbCH  — y  run  risks; 
HATH  na  -'  run  the  risk  (o/); 
run  risks;  c  — om  hjih  >kh3- 
HH  at  the  risk  of  one's  life. 

pHCKHyxb  see  pHCKoeaTb. 

pHCK|oBaTb  fr^'iskAvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiijb,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yfl,  pHCKH|yTb  [r^isk- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  risk;  run  the  risk 
(o/);  imperf  also  run  risks; 
'— OBaxb  rojiOBOH  risk  one's 
neck  /  life;  2.  dare;  perf  also 
venture. 

pHcjOB^Tb  [r^isAvat^]  im- 
perf -yK),  -yeiiib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yfi,  HaipHCOBaib  [nar^i- 
SAvat^]  perf  1.  draw,  paint; 
2.  fig  depict,  paint;  3.  fig 
picture,  imagine. 

pHcyH|oK  Tr^isunak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  drawing,  picture; 
figure  (a  numbered  picture  in 
a  book). 

pMTM  [r^itm]  m  -a,  -ob 
rhythm. 

pHTMHHH|biH  [r^itm^ich^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  pHTMH^eH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  rhythmical. 

pH4)M|a  [r^'ifma]  /  -bi,  —' 
rhyme  {in  a  verse). 

p66k|hh  [ropk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  p66oK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  timid,  shy. 

pOB  [rof,  -v]  m  pBa,  pi 
pBbi,  pBOB    ditch  (a    trench). 

poeecHHK  [rAv^es^n^'ik,  -g] 
m  a,  -OB  coeval  {of  the  same 
age);  mm  ~h  we  are  of  the 
same  age. 

poBHo  [rovna]  I  adv  regu- 
larly, evenly; 


II  part  1.  exactly,  sharp, 
2.:  ~  HHMero  col  absolutely 
nothing,   just  nothing. 

p6BH|biH  [rovnty]  a  sh  f 
poBeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  flat, 
even,  level;  2.  str£.ight  {line, 
etc);  3.  even,  equal; 

<>        —blM        CHeTOM         HHMCrO 

col  absolutely  nothing,  just 
nothing;  jujin  -—ore  CMera  to 
make  it  even  {of  an  amount, 
etc). 

por  [rok,  -g]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  1.  horn  {of  a  deer,  etc); 
2.  horn,  bugle;  Tpy6HTb  b  — 
blow  the  horn. 

pofl  [rot,  -d]  m  -a,  pi  -u, 
-OB  1.  family,  kin;  sto  y 
HHX  B  —y  this  runs  in  their 
family;  2.:  6biTb  --om  H3... 
come  from...  {by  origin);  3. 
kind,  sort;  bchkofo  ^a  all 
kind  of,  of  all  kinds;  4.:  -' 
saHHTHH  trade,  profession;  5. 
ling  gender;  6.  biol  genus; 
O  —  qejioBeHecKHH  family 
of  man,  human  race;  --  bchck 
mil  (fighting)  arm;  h3  —a  b 
-^  from  generation  to  gener- 
ation; Ha  ^y  HanHcaHo  be 
predestined;  b  HeKoropOM  — -e 
to  some  degree;  b  CBoeM  ~-e 
in  his  [their,  etc]  way;  ht6-to 
B  3T0M  ~e  something  of  the 
kind;  njiTb  [uiecxb  u  m.  d.] 
jier  6t  pOAy  five  [six,  etc] 
years  old. 

pOAHJibH|biH  [rAd^iPnty]  a: 
'-HH  AOM  maternity  house  / 
hospital;  ~oe  oxACJieHHe  de- 
livery room  {in  hospital). 

poAHHla  [rod^ina]  /  -bi 
homeland,  motherland,  na- 
tive land. 


405 


pOM 


po;iHTeji|H  [rAd^it^iPi]  pi 
-eft  parents. 

poA|HTb  [rAd^'it*']  perf  & 
imperf   poHcy,    -Hinb,    p  perf 

-HJl,      -HJia,       -HJIO,       -HJIH,       p 

imperf  -hji,  -HJia,  -hjio,  -hjih, 
imp  -H  1.  give  birth  to;  2. 
fig  give  rise  to;  3  bear  {of 
soil,  etc). 

pOA|HTbCJi  [rAd^ittja]  perf 
&    imperf      -htch,      p     perf 

-HJICH  (-HJ1CH),  -HJiaCb  (-HJiaCb), 
-HaoCb     (-HJlOCb)       -HJlHCb   (-H- 

jiHCb),  p  imperf  -hjich,  -HJiacb, 

-HJIOCb,      -HJIHCb,       imp      -HCb, 

-Hiecb  1.  be  born;  2.  fig  come 
into  being. 

pOAHHK  [rAd^n'^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  spring  {of  water). 

poflHloH  [rAdnoy]  I  a  I. 
own  {uncle,  etc);  ~6h  6paT 
brother;  —an  cecrpa  sister; 
2.  native  {town,  etc);  3.:moh 
—  OH  (my)  dear,  (my)  darling 
{an  address); 

II  as  a  noun  p  o  ^  h  I  bi  e 
pi  -bix  relatives,  relations; 
MOH  — bie  my  relatives;  my 
people. 

poACTBCHHHK  [rotst^v^m^- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  relative, 
relation. 

poflCTBCHHlwH  [rotst^v^m- 
niy]  a  sh  f  poACTBen,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  kindred,  related. 

pOAlbi  [rodi]  pi  OB  child- 
-birth,  delivery.  • 

pojKlaTb  [rAzhaf*]  imperf 
-aio,  -aenib  col  give  birth  to. 

po)Kfl|aTb  [rAzhdat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiJb=poAHTb  1,  2. 

poxcAiarbCfl  [rAzhdattja] 
imperf    -aiocb,    -aeiiibCfl=po- 

JlHTbCfl, 


po3KAeHH|e  [rAzhd^en^'iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  birth  {of  a  child); 
2.  birthday. 

po«;iecTBl6  [razhd^i^stvo] 
n  -a  Christmas;  na  -^6  at 
Christmas. 

powy  [rAzhu]    see    poAHXb. 

pO)Kb      [fosh,      -Zh]     /     pJKH, 

instr  -K)  rye;  osHMan  —  win- 
ter rye;  nposaH  ^  spring  rye. 

p63|a  [roza]  /  -bi,  —  rose; 
rose-bush. 

posAaji  [rozdal]  p  of  pa3- 
AaTb;  see  pasAaBaxb. 

p630B[biH  [rozaviy]  a  sh  f 
~',  -a,  -o,  -bi  pink,  rose-col- 
oured; rosy; 

■0  BHAerb  Bce  b  ~om  cbc- 
xe  /  uBCxe  see  through  rose- 
-coloured  spectacles. 

posbirpbiui  [rozigrish,  -zh] 
m  -a,  -eS  1.  drawing  {of  a 
lottery);  2.  sport:  ^  Ky6Ka 
cup  tournament. 

pOH  I  [roy]  m  pon,  pi 
poH,  poeB  swarm. 

pOH  II  [roy]  see  pbiTb. 

poHCsi  [roys^a],  pOMxecb 
[royf'is^,  -z^]  see  pbixbCH. 

pOKOBOH  [rakAvoy]  a  fatal 
{hour,  mistake,  etc). 

poji|b  [roP]  /  -H,  -efi  role, 
part; 

<>  3X0  He  Hrpaex  --H  it  is  of 
no  importance. 

pOMaH  [rAman]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  novel;  2.  col  love-affair, 
romance. 

poMaHc  [rAmans,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  romance,  song. 

pOMaHXHHecKlHH  [ramAn**- 
t^ich^'isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
romantic. 

pOMauilKa      [FAmashkaJ     [ 


pOH 


—  406  — 


-KH,  -CK  ox-eye  daisy;  camo- 
mile. 

poHlflTb  [rAn^at^l  imperf 
-HK),  -neiiib,  ypoHlHTb  [ufa- 
n'^it*']  perf  -k>,  ypoHHiiib,  p 
-TAJi,  imp  -H  1.  drop,  let  fall; 
2.:  ~HTb  CBoe  aoctohhctbo 
lose    one's  dignity. 

ponoT  [ropat,  -d]  m  -a  mur- 
mur, grumble. 

ponTJaTb  [rAptat^]  imperf 
ponmy,  ponmeiub,  p  -aji,  imp 
ponmH  murmur,  grumble. 

poc  [ros,  -z],  pocjia  [rAsla] 
see  pacTii. 

poc  I  a  [rAsa]  /  -bi,  pi  pocbi, 
~  dew  (on  grass). 

pocKoiuHlbiH  [rAskoshnly] 
a  sh  f  pocKomeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  luxurious,  sumptuous;  2. 
col  splendid,  grand. 

p6cK0iu|b  [roskash,  -zh]  / 
-H  1.  luxury;  2.  splendour, 
greatness. 

pocjibifl  [rosHy]  a  tall  and 
stalwart. 

pocnycK  [rospusk,  -zg]  m 
-a  dismissal  {of  parliament , 
etc). 

poccHHCKlHft  [rAs*'iysk**iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Russian,  Rus- 
sia's. 

pocT  [rost,  -zd]    m    -a  (-y) 

1.  growth    {of   a  plant,  etc); 

2.  growth,  increase,  rise, 
development,  expansion; 

3.  height  {of  a  person)',  Bbi- 
coKoro  [HHSKoro]  ~a  tall 
[short]  {person);  no  —y  ac- 
cording to  height;  b  ~  qe- 
jioBCKa  of  man's  height; 

<>  BO  BCCb  ~  1)  upright 
{of  standing)',  2)  full-length 
{portrait)',  3)   fig  in   all    its 


magnitude  {of  a  problem  fac- 
ing smb,  etc). 

pOT  [rot,  -d]  m  pxa,  pi 
pxbi,  pxoB  1.  mouth  {in  the 
head);  2.  fig  col  mouth  {to 
feed); 

<>  He  Gpaxb  B  ~-  not  touch 
{wine.,  etc);  pasMuyB  —  col 
agape,  gaping. 

pox  I  a  [rota]  /  -u,  —  mil 
company;  troop  {of  mechaniz- 
ed cavalry). 

p6m|a  [rosh^'-.a]  /  -h,  ^ 
grove  {a  small  wood). 

poH)  [royu],  poeiub  [royash, 
-zh]  see  pwib. 

poiocb  [royus**,  -z^j,  p6- 
euibcsi  [royashs^'a]  see  pbixbCH. 

poflji|b  [rAyaP]  m  -h,  -en 
(grand)  piano. 

PC<1>CP  [er-es-ef-es-er]  ab- 
brev  if)  (=PoccHHCKaH  Co- 
BexcKan  4>eAepaxHBHayi  Co- 
UHaJiHCXHqecKan  Pecny6jiHKa) 
RSFSR  (Russian  Soviet  Fed- 
erative  Socialist    Republic). 

pxa  [rta],  pxoB  [rtof,  -v] 
see  pox. 

pxyxjb  [rtut'',  -d'']  /  -h 
mercury,  quicksilver. 

py6aui|Ka  [rubashka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  shirt;  chemise; 
<>    poAHXbcji    B    —KC    ^    be 
born  with  a  silver   spoon  in 
one's  mouth. 

py6e«  [rub^esh,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-eft  \»  boundary,  border;  2. 
mil  line,  objective,  position; 
<>  3a  ~6m  abroad. 

py6|eu  [rub^etj,  -dz]  m  -ua, 
-UOB  1.  hem,  seam;  2.  scar 
{on  the  skin). 

py6HH  [rub^'in]  m  -a,  -oa 
min  ruby. 


—  407  — 


pyK 


py6|iiTb  [rub^it^]  imperf 
-jiK),  py6Hmb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
c!py6HTb  [srub^it^]  perf  hew, 
hack,  cut;  chop  (up);  mince; 
fell,  chop  down. 

py6jilb  [rubP]  m  -h,  -efi 
rouble. 

pyranjb  [rugan^]  f-H  swear- 
ing; bad    language,    abuse. 

pyrjixb  [rugat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aenib,  Bbipyrjaxb  [vtru- 
gat^]  perf  -Sim,  -aeiiib  1.  scold, 
abuse;  reprimand;  2.  criticize 
severely. 

pyrlaxbcfl  [rugattsa]  imperf 
-aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  Bbipyr|aTbCfl 
[vtru^attsa]  perf  -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH  1.  swear,  curse;  im- 
perf also  call  names;  2.  {no 
perf)  quarrel  bitterly;  abuse 
each  other. 

pyflja  [ruda]  /  -bi,  pi  pyAti, 
—  ore;  AoCbiBaxb  ^y  extract 
ore. 

pyflHHK  [rud^n'^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  mine  {to  get  ore). 

py3Kb|e   [ruzhyo]    n  -h,    pi 
py>Kb5i,  py^eft,  py^L^M  gun, 
shot-gun;  oxoxHHqbe  -^-e  fowl- 
ing-piece; 
<>  noji  ~eM  under  arms. 

pyKJa  [ruka]  /  -h,  ace  py- 
Ky,  pi  pyKH,  ~-,  -aM  hand 
{1}  of  the  arm;  2)  possession, 
control;  3)  handwriting;  4) 
col  side,  direction);  arm  {the 
limb);  AepHcaxb  [hccth  u  m.n.] 
Ha  -—ax  hold  [carry,  etc]  in 
one's  arms;  /^epscaxb  b  ~ax 
hold  in  one's  hands  [also  see 
O];  HAXH  noA  pyKy  c  KeM-Ji. 
walk  arm-in-arm  with  smb; 
xporaxb  ~aMH  touch  {put  the 
hand  on  smth); 


<>  ~a  66  pyKy  hand  in 
hand;  y  nero  pyKH  onycKa- 
loxcsi  ^  he  is  losing  heart; 
HMexb    30j!oxbie   pyKH    ^  be 

master  of  one's  craft;  ;^ep- 
xaxb  B  —  ax  control,  have  in 
hand;  Bsnxb  ceSa  b  pyKH 
pull  oneself  together;  Swxb 
6e3  Hero-Ji.  KaK  6e3  —  feel 
helpless  without  smth;  h3 
nepBux  [h3  Bxopbix]  ~  at 
first  [second]  hand;  axo  eMy 
Ha  pyKy  this  serves  his  pur- 
pose; Ha  pyKy  hchhcx  col 
light-fingered,  pilferer;  axo 
coujjio  eMy  c  '—  co/  ^  he 
got  away  with  it;  noA  ~6h 
at  hand;  no  — aM!  col  it's  a 
bargain!,  settled! 

pyKaB  [rukaf,  -v]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  sleeve;  sacyqHXb 
~-a  roll  up  one's  sleeves;  2. 
branch,  arm  {of  a  river);  3. 
technol  hose. 

pyKOBOflHxejilb  [rukavAd^i- 
t^iP]  m  -H,  -eft  leader,  head; 
instructor  {of  a  circle,  etc); 
KjiaccHbiH  —  b  home  teacher, 
class  master. 

pyKOBOA^Hxb  [rukavAd^it^] 
imperf  pyKOBOJKy,  -HUib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  1.  lead,  guide, 
be  at  the  head  {of);  2.  direct, 
supervise. 

pyKOBOACXBlo  [rukAvotstva] 
n  -a,  -^  1.  leadership;  2. 
handbook,  manual. 

pyKOAejiH|e  [rukAd^el^iya] 
n  -H  needlework,  fancy-work. 

pyKonHcjb  [rulop^is^,  -z^\ 
f  -H,  -eft  manuscript. 

pyKOnoiKaxHle  [rukapAzha- 
t^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  handshake, 
handclasp;  o6MeHHBaxbCfl  '^a- 


pyji 


408  — 


MH   c     KCM-Ji.     shake    hands 
with  smb. 

pyjieBOH  [rul^i^voy]  I  a 
steering,  rudder  (attr); 
II  as  a  noun  p  y  ji  e  B^jo  h  m 
-dro,  -bix  1.  helmsman,  man 
at  the  wheel;  steersman;  2.  fig 
leader. 

pyjijb  [rul^]  m  -h,  -en 
rudder  (of  a  boat,  etc);  steer- 
ing-wheel; handle-bars;  helm 
(of  a  boat;  also  fig). 

pyiMbiH  [rumin]  m  -a, 
-^  Rumanian. 

pyMii'iHCK|HH  [rumlnsk'^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Rumanian. 

pyM«H|ei;  [rum^an^itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua  (high)  colour;  blush, 
glow, 

pyMflH|biH  [rum^aniy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  rosy,  rud- 
dy (cheeks). 

pynop  [rupar]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  megaphone,  speaking- 
-trumpet;  2.  fig  mouthpiece. 

pycjijo  [rusb]  n  -a,  --  riv- 
er-bed; fig  also  channel. 

pyccK|HH     [rusk^iy]     I     a 
-aH,  -oe,  -He  Russian; 
II  as  a  noun  pyccKlnft  m 
-oro,  -Hx  Russian. 

pyxHlyTb  [rukhnut^]  perf 
-y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
1.  collapse,  crash  down, 
tumble  down;  2.  fig  fail,  be 
destroyed  (of  plans,  etc). 

pyHJaTbCfl  [ruch^attja]  im- 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeiUbCH,  nopy- 
HlHTbCJi  [paruch^ittsa]  perf 
-ycb,  nopyMHUjbCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  nrecb 
vouch  (for);  answer  (for); 
guarantee,  warrant;  assure, 
promise. 


pyHJefl  [ruch^ey]  m  -bH, 
-bCB  brook,  stream. 

pyH|Ka  [ruch^ka]  /  -kh, 
-CK  1.  dim  of  pyKa;  2.  han 
die;  knob  (of  a  door,  etc) 
arm  (of  a  chair);  3.  penfhold 
er);  aBxoMaTHqecKaji  /  caMO 
nHiiiymaH  ---Ka  fountain-pen 

py4H|6H    [ruch^noy]    a 
hand  (attr),  arm  (attr);  — bie 
Macbi  wrist  watch;  2.  manua 
(labour,    etc);    3.  tame    (ani 
mat,  bird). 

pyui|HTbCJi  [rushlttja]  im 
perf  -HTCH  1.  fall  in,  col 
lapse,  cave  in;  2.  fig  fal 
to  the  ground,  be  destroyed 

pbiSja  [riba]  /  -bi,  —  fish 
yAHTb  — y  angle,  fish; 
^  HH  —a  HH  Mflco   col    nci 
ther    fish    nor    flesh,  neither 
one    thing,    nor    the    other 
KaK  ~a  B    BOAe    ^  in   one's 
element. 

pbi6aK  [ribak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  fisherman; 

<>  —  ^a  BHAMT  H3AajieKa 
prov  s  birds  of  a  feather 
flock  together. 

pbiSHlbiH  [rlbniy]  a  fish 
(attr);  fishing  (industry,  etc); 
~bfe  KOHcepBbi  tinned /can- 
ned fish. 

pbiSojioB  [ribAlof,  -v]  m 
-a,  -OB   angler,   fisher. 

pbiAJaTb  [rtdat^]  imperf 
-aK),     aeuib  sob. 

pbi>K|HH  [rlzhiy]  a  -an, 
-ee,  -He,  sh  f  ■—,  -a,  -e,  -h 
red-haired,  red. 

pbiji  [ril],  pb'ijia  [rila]  see 

pUTb. 

pbijicfl  [rlls'^a],  pbijiacb  [rt- 
las^,  -z^\  see  pbiibca. 


409  — 


pbiH|oK  [rinsk,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-KOB  1.  market(-place);  2. 
market  (opportunity  of  sell- 
ing); --OK  c6biTa  (commodi- 
ty) market. 

pwTb  [rit^]  imperf  poio, 
poeiiib,  p  pbiJT,  pbiJia,  imp 
pOH  dig  (fl  hole^  etc). 

pbiTbCfl  [rtttja]  imperf  p6- 
K)Cb,  poeuibCH,  p  pbiJicH,  pbi- 
Jiacb,  imp  poHCH,  poHTecb 
dig  {in  smth);  rummage,  ran- 
sack. 

pbixjijbiH  [rIkhUy]  a  sh  f 
^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  friable; 
loose  (earth);  2.  flabby. 

pbmap|b  [rftsar^]  m  -h,  -en 
1.  hist  knight;  2.  fig  chival- 
rous person. 

pbmar  [rich^ak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1,  technol  lever;  2.  fig 
lever,  key  factor. 

pbm|aTb  [rich^at^]  imperf 
-lAuih,  p  -aji  growl,  snarl. 

pbnHJbiH  [r^'yaniy]  a  sh  f 
^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  zealous;  invet- 
erate (smoker,  etc). 


pioKsaK  [r^ugzak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  rucksack,  knapsack. 

pibM}Ka  [r^umka]  / -kh,  -ok 
wineglass. 

pji6HH|a  Ir''i^b'in9]  /  -h, 
^   mountain  ash. 

pHA  [r^at,  -d]  m  -a  (-y) 
(with  Aea,  TpH,  qeibipe  —  pH- 
Aa),  pi  -hi,  -OB  1.  row,  line; 
2.  theat  row;  3.  number 
(of),  handful  (of),  series  (of); 
4.  mil  file;  line,  row;  5.:  b 
^ax...  in  the    ranks    (of)...; 

<>      H3     --a     BOH    BbIXOA^IU,HJ{ 

extraordinary,    unusual,  out- 
standing. 

psiAOBOH  [r^idAvoy]  I  a  1. 
rank  and  file;  2.  ordinary, 
common; 

II  as  a  noun   pHAOBJoft  m 
-oro,  -bix  mil   private,  man. 

pflAOM  [r^adam]  adv  1. 
side  by  side,  beside;  CHACTb 
~  c  KCM-ji.  sit  next  to  smb; 
AaBaft  CHACM  ^  let's  sit  to- 
gether; 2.  next  (to),  near; 
near  by. 


c  [s,  z],  CO  [so;  in  the 
first  pretonic  position  —  sa; 
in  the  second  pretonic  posi- 
tion .—  S9]  prep  I  with  gen 
denoting  1.  movement  from 
somewhere:  myM  c  yjiHUbi  a 
noise  from  the  street;  npHH- 
TH  c  co6paHHH  cornie  from  a 
meeting;  c6p6cHTb/co  cxojia 
throw  off  the  table;  yflrH  c 
nocTa  leave  one'sf  post;  2. 
the  fact  that  smthj  is  used  as 

I 


a  model,  pattern,  source,  etc: 
HHcaib  nopxpet  c  kofo-ji. 
paint  smb's  picture;  nepese- 
CTH  c  pyccKoro  translate  from 
Russian;  6paTb  npHMep  c  ko- 
ro-Ji.  follow  smb's  example; 
3.  smth  (time,  an  object,  etc) 
marking  th?  beginning  of  an 
action,  measurement,  etc:  oh 
padoTaei  c  BOCbMH  qacoB  he's 
been  working  since  eight 
o'clock;  c  AByx  ao  ccmh  from 


—  410 


two  to  seven;  oh  6yAeT  pa- 
CoiaTb  TaM  c-Man  he'll  work 
there  beginning  with  May; 
OH  HaqHCT  pa66TaTb  c  Mapia 
[c  noHejiejibHHKa,  c  hhth  na- 
cob]  he'll  begin  to  work  in 
March  [on  Monday,  at  five 
o'clock];  Haqaib  c  nero-Ji. 
begin  with  smth;  c  rojiOBbi 
flo  Hor  from  head  to  foot; 
4.:  c  MHHyibi  na  MHHyiy 
every /any  minute  (0/  a  pos- 
sible action);  co  ahh  na  ;;eHb 
any  day,  any  time  (of  a  pos- 
■  sible  action);  5.  cause  or  rea- 
son: c  ropH  for  grief;  co 
3Ji6cTH  out  of  spite;  ycrarb  c 
;iop6rH  be  tired  after  a  jour- 
ney; 6.  permission  or  con- 
sent: c  qbero-Ji.  noseojie- 
HHH  with  smb's  permission; 
c  Mbero-Ji.  o;io6peHH5i  with 
smb's  approval,  with  smb's 
consent;  7.  the  fact  that  smth 
is  employed  as  a  unit  in  cal- 
culation, that  smb  must  pay 
smth:  oHTHaAuaxb  ueHTHepoe 
c  reKTapa  fifteen  metric  cent- 
ners per  hectare;  c  sac  nnxb 
py6jieH  you  must  pay  five 
roubles;  8.;  esHTb  c  66k)  take 
by  storm;  9. :  c  mchh  ao- 
BojibHO  I've  had  enough;  I'm 
fed  up; 

II  with  ace  denoting  approx- 
imateness:  c  neAejiio  (for) 
about  a  week;  Ty^a  Cyaex 
c  KHJiOMerp  it  is  about  a 
kilometre  from  here;  eejiH- 
qHHOH  c  AOM  the  size  of  a 
house;  c  eac  pocTOM  about 
your  height; 

III  with  instr  denoting  \.  as- 
sociation or  joint  action:  pa- 


66TaTb  c  KCM-Ji.  work  with 
smb;  paarooapHBaTb  c  KeM-Ji. 
talk  to  /  with  smb;  MaTb  c  ot- 
UOM  mother  and  father;  mm 
c  to66h  you  and  me;  2.  pos- 
session or    presence   of  smth: 

COJIAai   C  BHHTOBKOH  a  soldicT 

with  a  rifle;  xjie6  c  MacjiOM 
bread  and  butter;  KHHra  c 
KapTHHKaMH  picturc-book;  3. 
means,  manner,  or  an  accom- 
panying action:  BepHyxbCH  c 
nocjieAHHM  aBx66ycoM  return 
by  the  last  bus;  c  yjibi6Kofi 
with  a  smile,  smiling;  c  hh- 
xepecoM  with  interest;  4.  aim, 
purpose:  o6paxHXbC5i  c 
np6cb6oH  make  a  request;  5. 
simultaneousness:  Bcxafeaxb  c 
BOCxoAOM  cojiHua  get  up  with 
the  sunrise;  6.  state,  condi- 
tion: ^^o  c  xo66h?  what's  the 
matter  with  you?;  c  pa66xoH 
Bce  B  nopHflKe  the  work  is 
going  on  all  right;  7.  con- 
gratulations, greetings:  noa/i- 
paoHXb  c  qeM-ji.  congratulate 
on  smth,  c  Hobhm  toaom!  a 
happy  New  Yearl;  8.:  3x0 
npoHAex  c  ro^aMH  [c  Boapa- 
cxom]  this  will  pass  with  the 
years  [age]. 

c...,  CO...,  c-b...  pref  of 
verbs  denoting  1.  converging 
movement;  connexion,  joining 
at  one  point:  c6eraxbCfi 
[z^b^i^gattjs]  come  running, 
gather  {running);  cbeajKaxbCH 
[s^yi^zh*':atts3]  come  togeth- 
er, gather  (by  vehicle);  CKpen- 
jiHXb  [skr^i^pl^at^j  fasten  (to- 
gether); pin  (together);  crpe- 
6axb[zgr^i^bat^]  rake  togeth- 
er, rake  up;  2.  movement  from 


411 


caM 


above:  cnphirnyxb  [sprlgnut^] 
jump  off,  jump  down;  3.  re- 
moval from  a  surface,  pi  ace ^ 
etc:  c6pHTb  [zbr^it^j  shave 
off;  CKOcHTb  [skAs^'it^]  mow 
down;  cocTporaxb  [sastrA- 
gat**]  pine  off  /  away;  4.  the 
perfective  aspect:  c^eJiaTb 
[z^d^ebt'']  perf  of  aejiaxb. 

ca6|ji5i  [sabl^9]  /  -jih,  -ejib 
sabre. 

carHTHpOBaTb  see  arHTHpo- 
Baxb  2. 

caA  [sat,  -d]  m  -a,  pi  -b'l, 
-OB  garden  (with  trees  and 
flowers);  ropoACKofi  -'  the 
gardens. 

caAJHTbCfl  [sAd^ittja]  im- 
perf  caHcycb,  -HoibCH,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb, 
cecTb  [s^es^t^]  perf  cAjxy, 
CHAeuib,  p  ceji,  cejia,  imp 
CHAb  1.  sit  down;  sit  up 
(from  a  reclining  position); 
'^HXbCH  3a  cxoji  sit  down  to 
table;  sit  down  at  a  table; 
~HXbC5i  oSe^axb  sit  down  to 
dinner;  2.  take,  board  (a ship, 
plane,  etc);  get  (in,  into  a  car, 
etc);  '-'HXbC5i  Ha  jiomaAb 
mount  a  horse;  3.  get  down 
(to  one's  books,  work,  etc); 
4.  alight  (of  birds,  insects); 
'-HXbCJi  Ha  Hacecx  go  to 
roost;    5.  land  (of  a   plane); 

6.  set    (of   the  sun,    moon); 

7.  fall  (of  the  fog,  mist);  set- 
tle (of  dust);  8.  settle,  sink 
(of  buildings);  9.  contract, 
shrink  {of  cloth); 

•^  cecTb  B  Kajiouiy  col  ^  get 
into  a  mess,  disgrace  oneself; 
cecTb  KOMy-ji.  Ha  uieio  col 
s  sponge  on  smb. 


caAOBHHK  [sAdovn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  gardener. 

caAOBOACXBlo  [sadAVotstva] 
n  -a  horticulture,   gardening. 

cajKla  [sazh9]  /  -h  soot, 
smoke-black,  smut;  b  ~-e 
sooty. 

cajKJaTb  [sAzhat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  nocaAlMXb  [p9SA- 
d^it^]  perf  nocaHcy,  noca- 
AHUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  seat, 
offer  a  seat;  2.  embark,  en- 
train; 3.  set  (to  work,  write, 
etc);  ^kih  Koro-Ji.  sa  KHHry 
make  smb  get  down  to  his 
books;  4.:  ~aTb  b  xiopbMy 
put  into  prison;  ~axb  noA 
apecx  arrest,  put  under  ar- 
rest; — axb  nxHuy  b  KJiexKy 
cage  a  bird;  ~axb  co6aKy  na 
uenb  chain  a  dog;  5.:  ~axb 
xjie6  B  neqb  put  the  bread 
into  the  oven;  6.  plant  (flow- 
ers, trees,  etc). 

caHcycb    [sAzhus^,  -z^]    see 

CaAHXhC5I. 

cajiax  [sAlat,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.   bot  lettuce;   2.  salad. 

caji|o  [sal9]  n  -a  fat  (of  a 
hog,  etc);  grease,  lard. 

cajiOH  [sAlon]  m  -a,  -ob 
salon;  saloon  (in  a  hotel, 
etc). 

caji4)eTlKa  [sAlf^etk9]  / 
-KH,  -OK  (table-)napkin,  ser- 
viette. 

cajiiOT  [sAl^ut,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  salute  (of  guns,  etc);  npo- 
H3Becx^  '-'  ABaAUaxbib  apxHJi- 
jiepHHCKHMH  aajinaMH  fire  a 
salute  of  twenty  salvoes. 

caM  [sam]  prondefm  -oro, 
-OMy,  -oro,  -HM,  (o)  -6m,  ca- 
Ma  /,  caMO  n,  caMH  pi  denot» 


caM 


-  412  — 


ing  the  fact  that  a  person  is 
the  direct  source  or  object  of 
an  action;  also  used  emphat- 
ically: H  ~  MHxaji  3TO  I  read 
it  myself;  Tbi  -'  BHJieji  ee? 
did  you  see  tier  yourself?;  oh 
~  CAeJiaJi  3T0  he  did  it  him- 
self, OHa  -^-a  CAeJiaJia  sto 
she  did  it  herself;  mbi  — h 
BHAeJiH  3T0  we  saw  it  our- 
selves;   Bbl     ~H     MHiaJlH     3T0? 

did  you  read  it  yourself?;  did 
you  read  it  yourselves?;  ohh 
— H  Bce  noHHJiH  they  under- 
stood everything  themselves; 
H  BHAGJi  ero  ~or6  I  saw  him 
personally;  oh  ^  BHHOsaT 
it's  his  own  fault; 
«0>  OH  ~  He  CBOH  he  is  not 
himself,  ~6  coSofi  pasyMeer- 
csi  it  goes  without  saying. 

caMJa  [sAma]  pron  f  -oh, 
-OH,  -oe  (-y),  -OH,  (o)  -oh 
see  caM. 

caM|eu  [sAm^etj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -HOB  male  (of  animals); 
cock  (of  birds);  buck  {of  deer, 
etc);  dog  (of  foxes,  etc). 

csiM\u  [sam^'i]  pron  pi  -hx, 

-HM,     -HX,   -HMH,     (O)     -HX     See 

caM. 

caivilKa  [samka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
female  (of  animals);  hen  (of 
birds);  cow  (of  elephants, 
etc);  doe  (of  deer,  etc). 

caM|6  [sAmo]  pron  n  -oro, 
-OMy.  -oro,  -i5m,  (o)  -6m  see 
caM. 

caMOfleHTejibHocTib  [samA- 
d''ey9thl''n9s''t'',  -z'^d'']  /  -h 
amateur  talent  activities, 
amateur  performances;  seqep 
~H  amateur  concert. 

CaMOAOBOJIbHJblH       [S8m9dA- 


vol^niy]  a  sh  f  caMOAOBo- 
jien,  -a,  -o,  -bi  self-satisfied, 
complacent,  smug. 

caMOKpMTHK|a  [samAkr^i- 
t^ika]  /  -H  self-criticizm. 

caMOjiex  [samAl^ot,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  aircraft,  plane;  -—om 
by  air. 

caM0JiK)6HBlbiH  [samaPub'^i- 
viy]  a  s7i  /  ~,  -a,  -o  -bi 
proud,  ambitious;  touchy. 

caMOJiibSHie  [samAl^ub^'iya] 
n  -H  self-respect,  pride;  Ji6«- 
Hoe  —e  false  pride;  6ojie3- 
iieHHoe  ~-e  morbid  pride; 
maAHTb  Mbe-Ji.  ~-e  spare 
smb's  vanity. 

caMOMHeHHJe  [samAmn'^e- 
n'^iya]  n  -h  (self-)conceit, 
presumption;  cxpaAaib  ~eM 
be  conceited. 

caMOHaAeJiHH|biH  [samanA- 
d^'eyahiy]  a  sh  f  caMonaAe- 
HH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  self-sufficient, 
presumptuous,  presuming. 

caMoo6jiaAaHMleIsamAAblA- 
dan^'iya]  n  -h  self-control, 
self-possession;  composure. 

caMoo6pa30BaHH|e  [samA- 
AbrazAvan'^iya]  n  -h  self-edu- 
cation. 

caM0o6cjiy}KHBaHH|e  [samA- 
Apsluzhtvan'^iya]  n  -Ji  self- 
-service;  MarasHH  — -h  self- 
-service  shop. 

caMOonpeAejieHHle  [samA- 
Apr^'id'^i^l'^en'^iya]  n  -h  pot 
self-determination. 

caMOOTBepweHHlbiH  [samA- 
Atv^'erzhaniy]  a  sh  f  caMO- 
OTBep>KeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  self-sac- 
rificing, selfless. 

caMOpOAJOK  [samArodak,  -cj] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB  1.  native/ virgin 


—  413  — 


can 


metal;  ~ok  aojioxa  nugget 
(of  gold);  2.  fig  a  person  of 
natural  gifts,  a  rough  di- 
amond. 

caMOCTOflxejibHO  [samastA- 
yaf'iPna]  adv  independently; 
without  assistance;  on  one's 
own. 

caMOCTOHTejibH|biM  [sama- 
stAyat^il^niy]  a  sh  f  caMO- 
CTOHxejieH,  -a,  -o,  -hi  inde- 
pendent, self-dependent,  self- 
-sufficient;  ~biH  qejioBCK  1) 
independent  person;  2)  a  man 
of  independent  views;  —oe 
Hccjie;tOBaHHe  independent  re- 
search; original  research. 

caMoy6HHCTBlo  [samaub^iy- 
stva]  n  -a,  —  suicide;  koh- 
HHTb  HCH3Hb  — OM  Commit 
suicide. 

caMoyBepeHH|biH  [sama- 
uv^er^miy]  a  sh  f  caMo- 
yeepeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  self-con- 
fident, self-opinionated,  cock- 
-sure. 

caMoynpaBjieHH|e  [sama- 
uprAvl^en^iya]  n  -h  self-gov- 
ernment; opraHbi  MecTHoro 
~H  institutions  of  local  gov- 
ernment. 

caMoyHHTejilb  [samauch^i- 
t^il^]  m  -H,  -CH  self-instruc- 
tor, manual  of  self-education. 

caMOHyBCTBH|e  [samAch^u- 
s^t^v^iya]  n  -h:  KaK  same 
-— e?  how  do  you  feel?;  y  He- 
ro xopomee  [njioxoe]  —e  he 
feels  well  [bad];  ~e  6ojib- 
Horo  yjiymuHJiocb  [yxyAuiH- 
jiocb]  the  patient  feels  better 
[worse]. 

caM|biH  [samty]  pron  def 
1.  (with  4em  pron)  the  very, 


the  same;  tot  —hh  yejicseK 
the  very  person,  the  same  per- 
son; Ta  —an  KHHra  the  very 
book;  Ta  me  —an  KHHra,  hto 
y  Te6H  the  same  book  as  you 
have;  sto  tot  ~biH  wejioeeK, 
KOTopbiH  HaM  HyjKeH  he  is 
the  very  man  we  want;  sto 
>Ke  ~-oe  the  same;  e  /  na 
TOM  }Ke  — OM  MecTe  in  the 
same  place;  b  to  me  — oe 
BpeMH,  KOFAa...  just  when...; 
2.  the  very  {essence,  etc); 
B  -~oM  ueHTpe  in  the  very 
centre;  b  ~om  naqajie  at  the 
very  beginning;  b  ~6m  npo- 
uecce  pa66Tbi  in  the  process 
of  the  work  itself;  c  —oro 
yTpa  from  /  since  early  morn- 
ing; jio  — 'OroBe^epa  till  late 
in  the  evening;  until  night;  ao 
~0H  CTaHUHH  right  up  to  the 
station;  okojio  — oro^OMa  just 
next  to  the  house;  ao  ~oro 
AOMa  all  the  way  home;  3.  / 
used  to  form  super  I:  ~biH  \ 
KpacHBbiH  the  most  beautiful;  \ 
—biH  jiyquiHii  the  best;  -^hh  ) 
CTapbiH  the  oldest; 
<>  B  -'DM  flcjie  indeed;  na 
~0M  ACJie  actually;  as  a 
matter  of  fact. 

canaTopHlH  [sanAtor^'iy]  m 
-H,  'CB  sanatorium;  nyTCBKa 
B    ~M  '    sanatorium  voucher. 

caHJH  [san^i]  p/  -eft  sledge, 
sleigh;  exaTb  na  — hx  drive 
in  a  sledge. 

caHHiap  [san^'itar]  m  -a, 
-OB  hospital  attendant;  mil 
medical  orderly;  stretcher- 
-bearer. 

caHHTapHbiH  [san^itarnty] 
a  sanitary,  medical;  --<    no- 


can 


—  414  ^ 


e3A  hospital-train;    —    caMo- 
jiei  ambulance  plane. 

cehIkh  [sank^'i]  pi  -ok  col 
sled;  KaxaTbCH  na  ^Kax  go 
sledding. 

caHTHMCTp  [s9n'*t*'im^etr] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  centimetre;  2. 
tape-measure. 

canep  [sAp^or]  m  -a,  -ob 
mil  field  engineer,  sapper, 
pioneer. 

canor|M  [s9pAg*»i]  p/ canor, 
-aM  {sing  canor  m  -a)  (high) 
boots,  Russian  boots; 
<>  noA  ~6m  under  the  heel. 

canowHHK  [sApozhn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  shoemaker,  boot- 
maker;  cobbler. 

capaJH  [sAray]  m  -h,  -eB 
shed,  barn  {also  fig);  — h 
AJiH  ceHa  hayloft. 

capaHnja  [sarAn^'ch^a]  /  -h 
zool   locust. 

capa(|)aH  [sarAfan]  m  -a, 
-OB  sarafan  {a  woman's  gar- 
ment). 

capAHH|a  [sArd^ina]  /  -bi, 
~  sardine. 

caTHH  [sAt^in]  m  -a  sa- 
teen. 

catHpla  [sAt^ira]  /  -bi  sat- 
ire;  lampoon. 

caxap  [sakhar]  m  -a  (-y) 
sugar  {a  substance);  TpocT- 
HHKOBbiH  ^  cane-sugar;  CBeK- 
jioBHqHbiH  ~-  beet-sugar;  Kyc- 
KOBOH  ~  lump  sugar. 

cSerlaxb  [z^b^'i^gat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  c6e%laTb 
[z^'b^i^zhat^]  perf  c6ery, 
-Hiiib,  c6eryT,  p  -^ji,  imp 
c6erH  1.  run  down  {from 
above);  ^aib  c  ropbi  run  down 
a   hill;     --aib    c    JiecTHHUbi 


run  downstairs;  2.  run  away, 
escape. 

c6eM  [z^'b^ey]  imp  of  c6\iih\ 
see  c6HBaTb. 

cSeiicji  [z^b^eys^'a],  cSefi- 
xecb  [z^'b^eyt^'is'',  -z^J  imp  of 
c6HTbCH;  see  cSHBaibCH. 

c6eperaTejibH|biM  [z^'b^'ir^i®- 
gat^il^niy]  a:  —an  Kacca 
savings-bank;  ~aH  KHH>KKa 
savings-bank  book. 

c6eper|aTb  [z^b%^i^gat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  ceepeJHb 
[z^b^i^r^ech^'Jp^r/  -ry,->Kemb, 
-ryx,  p  c6eper,  -rjia,  imp 
-PH  1.  save,  preserve;  2.  save 
(up),  lay  by,  put  by. 

c6epe»(eHH|e  [z^'b^'ir^i^zhe- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  pi  -ji,  -ft  1.  saving 
up,  preservation;  economy  {of 
strength,  etc);  2.  pi  savings, 
economies. 

c6HB|aTb  [z^'b^'iyat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  c6HTb 
[z^b^it^]  perf  co6bK),  co- 
6beiiib,  p  c6hji,  imp  c6eH  1. 
bring  down  {with  a  blow, 
shot);  —axb  c  hop  knock 
smb  down,  strike  to  the 
ground;  ~aTbH6.noKH  CAepe- 
Ba  shake  off  apples  from  the 
tree;  c6HTb  caMOjiex  shoot 
down  a  plane;  2.  confuse,  get 
smbc-onfused,  put  out;  cCnxb 
CO  CMCxa  get  smb  confused 
while  he  is  counting;  c6HXb 
c  xaKxa  put  out  of  time;  3. 
knock  together  {a  box,  boards, 
etc);  4.  churn  {butter);  whip 
{cream); 

<>  -— axb  u,6Hy  beat  down  the 
price;  --axb  c  xojiKy confuse, 
get  smb  confused;  c6Hxb 
cnecb  c  Kor6-;i.  ^  take  smb 


—  415  — 


cea 


down  a  peg  (or  two);  cShtb 
c  nyTH  lead  astray. 

c6MB|aTbC5i  [z^b^ivattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
cSHTbCM  [z^b^ittsD]  perf  co- 
6bibcb,  co6beiiibCH,  pc6hjic5I, 
c6HJiacb,  imp  c6eHCH,  cSefi- 
Tecb  1 .  be  /  go  awry,  be  all  on 
one  side;  2.:  c6HTbCH  c  jyo- 
poFH  /  c  nyxH  lose  one's  way, 
go  astray  {also  fig)\  3.  get 
confused,  lose  one's  train  of 
thought;  4.:  c6HTbCH  b  Ky^y 
bunch,  huddle  together; 
<^  c6HTbC5i  c  Hor  col  be  run 
off  one's  legs;  cSiiTbCJi  c 
HorH  fall  out  of  step. 

c6HTb  see  cdHBaxb. 

c6HTbCH  see  cSHeaxbCH. 

c6jiH)K|aTb  [zbPizhat'']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiiib,  c6jiH3|HTb 
[zbPiz^it^]  perf  c6jiH»cy, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h  draw  / 
bring  together. 

cSjiHMJaTbCH  [zbPizhattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuitCH,  c6jih- 
slHTbCfl     [zbl^fz^it'tsa]      perf 

c6jlHHCyCb,    -HUlbCH,     p    -HJICH, 

-Hjiacb,  imp  -bCH ,  -biecb  1. 
draw  together,  come  nearer, 
approach;  2.  become  good 
friends. 

c6jiH3HTb  see  cSjiHHcaxb. 

c6.iH3MXbCJi    see  c6jiH)Kaxb- 

CH. 

cSoKy  [zboku]  adv  at  the/ 
one  side;  on  one  side;  from  one 
side;  bha  ~  side-view;  Bcxaxb 
~  stand  at  the  side;  cxoHXb  ~ 
stand  (a  little)  to  one  side; 
060HXH  ~    pass  round. 

c6op  [zbor]  m  -a,  pi  -w, 
-OB  1.  collection  {the  process 
of):  ^    ypOHcaH    harvesting; 


-^  qaH  tea-picking;  --'  CBe- 
AeHHH  gathering  of  informa- 
tion; 2.  receipts,  takings, 
collection;  noJiHbift  ~  theat 
full  house;  Aejiaxb  xopouiHe 
~-bi  theat  get  good  box-office 
returns;  3.  tax,  duty,  dues; 
xaMOJKeHHbiH  -'  custom-house 
duty;  rep6oBbiH  —  stamp- 
-duty;  4.  gathering,  assembly, 
meeting;  -—  b  xpH  qaca  we 
meet  at  three;  5.  pi  prepara- 
tions; 
<>  Bce  B  --e  all  are  here. 

c66pHHK  [zborn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  collection  {of  stories, 
articles,  etc), 

c6pacbiB|axb  [zbrasivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  cSpoclHib 
[zbros^it^]  perf  c6p6my, 
-Hiiib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h  1.  throw 
down,  Ihrow  off,  drop;  2.  fig 
throw  off  {the  yoke,  etc);  3.  col 
throw  off  {one's  clothes,  etc)\ 
kick  off  {one's  boots,  etc); 
O  —axb  CO  ch€t6b  leave  out 
of  one's  reckoning. 

c6yflexcfl[zbud^ittj9]  5d  per- 
son of  c6bixbCH;  see  c6biBaxb- 

CH, 

c6biB|axbCJi  [zbtvattja]  im- 
perf -aexcH,  c6M|TbC5i  [zb(- 
ttja]  per/  cSy^excH,  p  -jich, 
-jiacb  come    true,  be-^realized, 

c6biT  [zbit,  -d]  m  -a  econ 
sale,  market; 

<>  HaxoAMTb  ce6e  —  com- 
mand a  ready  market,  sell 
well. 

c6biTbC5i  see  cdwBaxbCH. 

CBaAb6|a  [svad^ba]  /  -bi, 
CBaAe6,  -aM  wedding;  wed- 
ding party;  cnpasjinxb  — -y 
celebrate  a  wedding; 


CBa 


416  -^ 


<>    AO      ~bl      SajKHBCT      col    ^ 

never  mind. 

CBajiHB|aTb  [svaPivat*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  cBaji|HTb 
[svAl'^it^]  perf  -ib,  ceajiHiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  knock 
down  /  over;  bring  down, 
fell;  2.  fig:  6ojie3Hb  CBajiHJia 
ero  the  illness  confined  him 
to  bed;  3.  dump  {unload);  heap 
up,  pile  up;  4.  fig  blame 
{stub),  lay  the  blame  {on  smb). 

cBajiHB|aTbCJi  [sval'^ivattja] 
imperf  -aKDCb,  -aembCH,  cea- 
ji|HTbcsi       [svAl^ittja]       perf 

-K)Cb,     CBaJlHmbCH,     p      -HJICH, 

-lijiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  1. 
fall  {from  above);  fall  down, 
tumble  down,  collapse;  2. 
fig  col  fall  ill  {and  be  laid 
up); 

<>  CBajiHTbCM    KaK    CHer    Ha 
rojiOBy  col    ^    come    like  a 
bolt  from  the  blue. 
CBajiMTb  see    CBajiHBaxb    & 

BaJlHTb   I. 

ceajiHTbcsi  see  CBajiHsaTbCH. 

ceapHTb  see  oapHTb. 

CBapKTbCfl  see  BapHTbCH. 

CBefleHH'ie  [s^'v^'ed'^m^iys] 
n  -H,  p/-5i,  -H  1.  p/ informa- 
tion, intelligence;  no  ~hm  ne- 
qaTH  according  to  the  press; 
no  MOHM  —HM  to  my  knowl- 
edge; 2.:  npHHHMaib  k  ~io 
take  into  consideration  /  ac- 
count. 

CBewlHH  [s^v^'ezhty]  a  -an, 
-ee,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -6,  -h 
(-H)  1.  fresh  {1)  products,  etc; 
2)  face,  voice,  etc);  co  ~hmh 
CHJiaMH  with  renewed  strength/ 
vigour;  2.  \aiesi  {information, 
etc). 


CBefi  [s^v^ey]  imp  of  CBHib; 
see  BHTb. 

cBCKjija  [s^v^okb]  /  -bi 
beet,  beetroot;  KopMOBan  ~a 
mangel(-wurzel). 

cBeK|op  [s^v^'okar]  m  -pa, 
pi  -pu,  -poB  father-in-law 
{husband's  father). 

CBCKpoBlb  [s^v^i^krof'', 
-v^]  /  -H,  -efl  mother-in-law 
{husband's  mother). 

CBeprjajb  [s'^v'^i^rgat'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  cBeprHiyib 
[s^v^ergnut^]  perf  -y,  -emb, 
p  CBepr  (-yji),  cBeprJia,  imp 
-H  overthrow  {a  government , 
etc);  cBeprHyxb  c  npecrojia 
dethrone. 

CBep)KeHH|e  [s^'v^i^rzhe- 
n^'iya]  n  -h  overthrow  {of 
a  government,  etc). 

CBepKJaTb  [s'^v^'i'^rkat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  cBepKHlyrb 
[s^v'^i^rknut^]  perf  -y,  -emb, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  1.  sparkle, 
twinkle,  glitter;  2.  flash 
{of  light,  the  eyes,  etc);  CBepK- 
Hyjia  MOJiHHH  there  was  a 
flash  of  lightning. 

CBepjiJHTb  [s^v^i^rl^it''] 
imperf  -ib,  -uuih,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  technol  drill,  bore;  2. 
fig  prey  on  one's  mind; 
haunt. 

CBcpjilo  [s^v^i^rlo]  rt  -a,  p/ 
cBepjia,  cBepji,  cBepjiaM  auger, 
borer,  drill,  perforator. 

CBCpHyTb     see   CBepxbiBaTb. 

CBepHyxbcji      see     CBepxbi- 

BaXbCH, 

CBepCTHHK  [s^'v^ers'^n^'ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  coeval  {of  the 
same  age);  mm  c  hhm  '-h  we 
are  of  the  same  age. 


—  417 


CBC 


cBepTJOK  [s^v'ortak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  package,  parcel. 

cBepTMBlaTb  [s^v^ortivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib.  cBCp- 
H|yTb  [s^'v^'i^rnut^]  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  roll 
up  {the  carpet,  etc);  —axb 
nanHpocy  roll  a  cigarette; 
2.  fig  curtail  {production, 
etc);  3.  turn  {to  the  right, 
etc);  CBepHyib  c  AoporH  turn 
off  the  road;  leave  a  road; 
<>  CBepHyxb  uieK)  KOMy-Ji. 
col  wring  smb's  neck;  cBep- 
Hyxb  rojiOBy  KOMy-ji.  col 
screw  smb's  head  off. 

CBepTbiB|aTbC5i  [s^v^orti- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiib- 
CH,  CBepH|yTbC5i  fs^v^i^rnu- 
ttsa]  perf  -ycb,  -eiubCH,  p 
-yjicH,  -yjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  1.  curl  up,  roll  up, 
coil  up;  2.  curdle,  turn  {of 
milk,  cream);  coagulate  {of 
blood). 

cBepx  [s^v^erkh,  -gh]  prep 
with  gen  1.  besides,  in  ad- 
dition to;  2.  denoting  the 
exceeding  of  a  rate,  quota, 
limit,  etc.  paSoxaTb  —  chji 
work  beyond  one's  strength;. 
'-'  njiana  in  excess  of  the 
plan;  —  nporpaMMbi  in  ad- 
dition to  the  programme;  3.: 
--  ojKHAaHHH  beyond  expec- 
tation. 

CBepxy  [s^'v^erkhu]  adv  1. 
from  above;  Biopan  cxpoKa 
^  the  second  line  from  the 
top;  -~  BHH3  downwards;  2. 
from  higher  quarters; 
<>  ^  AOHMsy  from  top  to 
bottom;  CMOTperb  Ha  Koro-ji. 
--^  BHH3  look  down  on    smb. 


CBepxypoHHbiH  [s^v^irkhu- 
roch^niy]  I  a  overtime 
{work); 

II  as  a  noun  CBepxypoq- 
H  I  bie  pi  -bix  overtime  mon- 
ey. 

CBcpxi  ecxecTBeHHbifi 
[s^v^erkhyi^s^t^es^t'v^'mniy] 
a  supernatural. 

CBecTH  see  csoAHTb  I. 

CBecTHCb  see  csoAHTbCH. 

CBCT  I  [s^v^et,  -d]  m  -a 
(-y)  light  (/;  phys;  2)  oppo- 
site of  darkness;  3)  a  lamp, 
etc);  npH  ~e...  by  the  light 
(0/)...; 

<>  B  ~e...  in  the  light  {of)...; 
npeflCxaBjiflTb  htg-ji.  b  bw- 
rojiHOM  ~e  show  smth  to 
advantage;  nyxb  ~  at  day- 
break^ HH  ~  HH  sapfl  very 
early  (in  the  morning). 

CBex  II  [s^v^et,  -d]  m  -a 
1.  world,  universe;  cxpaHbi 
~a  the  cardinal  points;  2. 
world,  society;  BceMy  ~y  h3- 
eecTHO,  qxo...  it  is  common 
knowledge  that...; 
0-  nosiBjinxbcn  na  —  be 
born;  BbmycKaxb  b  ^^  publish, 
issue  {books,  etc);  release 
{films);  xox  ~  the  other 
world;  hhhxo  na  ~e  no  pow- 
er on  earth;  hh  sa  hxo  Ha 
•—e  not  for  the  world;  py- 
raxbcfl  Ha  hcm  —  cxohx  ^ 
swear  like  a  bargee. 

CBexlaxb  [s^v^i^tat'J  im- 
perf -aex  impers  dawn;  ~aeT 
day  is  breaking,  it  is  dawn- 
ing. 

CBexJHxb  [s^v^i^t^it^]  im- 
perf cseqy,  CBexHUib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -H  1.  shine  {of   the 


CBC 


—  418  ~ 


sun,  etc);  burn  (of  a  lamp, 
etc);  2.  give  some  light, 
flash  a  light  (to  enable  a 
person  to  see). 

cBexiHTbcji  [s^v^i^t^ittja] 
imperf  cBexHUibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb  shine  {of  stars,  etc); 
B  AOMax  cseTHTCH  orHH  there 
are  lights  in  the  windows. 

ceexjio  [s^v^i^tlo]  impers 
predic  it  is  light;  na  ^Bope 
coBceM  ~  it  is  broad  day- 
light. 

cBCTJilbiH  [s^v^etUyl  a 
sh  f  CBexeji,  -a  -o,  -bi  1. 
light  {not  dark);  light-col- 
oured; ~bie  KpacKH  light  col- 
ours; 2.  fig  bright,  radiant; 
3.  fig'-  ^-bm  yM  /  ~aH  rojio- 
Ba  bright  mind;  ~aH  JiHq- 
Hocxb  pure  soul;  bright  per- 
son; 

«0>  —OH  naMJixH  in  fond  mem- 
ory. 

CBexo{l)6p  [s^v^itAfor]  m 
-a,  -OB  traffic-lights;  signal 
lights. 

cBeHJa     Is^v^i*^ch^a]    /  -h, 
pi  cee^H,  -eft    {'^),     -aM     1. 
candle;  2.  electr  candle(-pow- 
er);    JiaMno^Ka    b     xpHAUaxb 
—  eft  bulb  of    thirty    candle- 
-power;  3.  med    suppository. 
cBeuuaxb  see  Beiiiaxb  II. 
CBHAaHH|e      [s^v^idan^iya] 
n   -H,  -H    meeting,     appoint- 
ment,   date;     Hasnaqaxb    --e 
make  an  appointment; 
<>   AG     ~fl!     good-b^ei;     ao 
CKOporo  ~h!    see    you    soon! 
ceHflexcji[b    [s'^v^'id^et'^il^] 
m  -H,     -eft    witness,    eyewit- 
ness; Bbicxynaxb    —cm    be    a 
witness. 


cBHflexejibcxB|o  [s^v^id^e- 
t^iPstva]  n  -a,  —  1.  evidence, 
indication,  proof;  illustra- 
tion; HpKoe  ~o  graphic  proof; 
2.  certificate  {of  marriage, 
etc);  ~o  o  pojKAeHHH  birth- 
-certificate. 

CBMAexejibcxB|oBaxb  [s^v^i- 
d^et^iPstyvat^j  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiiib,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yft 
testify  {to);  witness  {show); 
—yioiuHH  0  qcM-ji.  indicative 
of  smth. 

CBHHJeu  [s'^v^in'^etj,  -dz] 
m  -ua  lead  {a  metal). 

CBHHMHla  [s^v^in^ina]  / -bi 
pork. 

CBHHJOH  [s^v^inoy]  a:  ~6e 
MHco  pork;  ~6e  cajio  lard; 
—an  Koxjiexa  pork  chop;  —aH 
K6>Ka  pigskin. 

cbhhcxb|o  [s^v^instva]  n 
-a  col  swinishness;  swinish 
trick. 

CBHHUOBlbiH  [s^'v^'intjoviy] 
a  lead;  leaden  {also  fig);  ~aH 
npHMo^Ka  Goulard    water. 

CBHHb|q    Is^v^in'^ya]  /  -h, 

pi     CBHHbH,     CBHHeft,    CBHHbHM 

pig,  swine;  hog;  sow; 

<>    nOflJlOKHXb      ^-K)      KOMy-JI. 

col  ^  play  a^  dirty  trick  on 
smb,  queer  smb's  pitch. 

CBHpen|biH  [s^v^ir^epiyl  a 
sh  f  -^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  fierce, 
ferocious. 

CBMCT  [s^v^ist,  -zd]  m  -a 
whistle;  singing  {of  birds); 
whine  {of  bullets). 

CBHCxjexb       [s^v^is^f'et^J 

imperf   CBHmy,    -Hiub,  p  -eji, 

imp  -H,  CBHCxHJyxb    [s^'v^'is- 

Inut*']    perf    -y,   -euib,  p  -yji, 

I  imp  -H  whistle,  give  a  whis- 


—  419 


CBO 


tie;  sing  (of  birds);  whine 
(0/  bullets);  cBHcxeib  b  cbh- 
CTOK  blow  a  whistle. 

CBHCTJOK  [s^v^istok,  -gj  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  whistle  (an  instru- 
ment). 

CBHTb    see    BHTb. 

CBoSoflja  [svAboda]  /  -u, 
—  freedom,  liberty;  ^acjio- 
sa  freedom  of  speech;  oxny- 
CTHTb    Ha  --y    set    free;  npe- 

AOCTaBJIHTb     KOMy-JI.      nOJIHyK) 

— y  give  smb  a  free  hand; 
'(^  jieMOKpaTHHecKHe  —-bi  dem- 
ocratic    liberties;     Ha      — e 
1)  at    large,  free;    2)  at    lei- 
sure. 

cbo66aho  [svAbodna]  I  adv 

1.  freely,  easily,  with  ease; 
»iyBCTB0BaTb  ce6H  —  feel  at 
ease;  oh  ^  roBopHX  no-(})paH- 
uyacKH  he  has  a  perfect  com- 
mand of  the  French  language; 

2.  loose  (of  clothes); 

II  impers  predic:  b  aBT66yce 
6biJio  —  there  were  few  peo- 
ple in  the  bus. 

cBo66AH[biH  [svAbodnty]  a 
sh  f  CBodoAeH,  -a,  -o,  -u.  1. 
free  (people,  trade,  etc);  2. 
free  (not  busy);  vacant  (seat, 
etc);  3.  spare  (tinie,  money, 
etc);  B  '-bie  MHnyTbi  at  odd 
moments;  4.  loose,  loose-fit- 
ting (of  clothes); 
<>  HejiOBCK  --0H  npo4}eccHH 
professional  man;  --wii  yjiap 
sport  indirect  free  kick. 

cBOfl  [svot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  code  (of  laws,  etc);  2.  arch, 
vault;  3.:  He6ecHbm  ^  fir- 
mament. 

CBOA|HTb  I  [svAd^it^]  im- 
perf  cBOHcy,  CBOAHUib,  p    -hji, 


imp  -H,  CBejCTH  [s^v^i^^^t^i] 
perf  -Ay,  -Aemb,  p  cseji,  -jia, 
imp  -m  1-  take,  conduct 
(smb  down  a  hill,  downstairs, 
etc);  2.  remove,  take  out 
(a  stain,  etc);  ^.  bring /throw 
together;  4.  reduce  (Vo),  bring 
(to);  CBecTH  K  myxKe  turn  into 
a  joke;  cBecra  pasroBop  Ha 
qxo-ji.  lead  the  conversation 
to  smth;  5.:  y  nero  CBejio 
Hory  he  has  a  cramp  in  the 
leg; 

<>  — 'HTb  Ha  Hex  bring  to 
naught;  ~HTb  cqexbi  c  kcm-ji. 
get  square  with  smb;  rjias 
He  -'Mxb  c  Koro-Ji.  not  to 
take  one's  eyes  off  smb;  xu 
Mcna  B  MorHjiy  CBCAeuib 
you'll  be  the  death  of  me. 

cBOAlHxb  II  [svAd^it^]  im- 
perf  CBOJKy,  CBOAHiUb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  take,  takeout  (to  the 
theatre,  etc). 

cBOAHXbCJi  [svAd^ittsa]  im- 
perf      CBOAHTCH,       CBecxiicb 

jgbybjegb^bj'gbj    pe/-/  cBCAexCH,  ' 

p  cBejiCH,  cBCJiacb  come  (to)y 
amount  (to),  boil  down  (^0); 
Aejio  CBOAHXCH  k  cjieAyiouieMy 
the  matter  comes  to  the  fol- 
lowing. 

cBOAlKa  [svotka]  / -kh, -ok 
summary,  compendium,  re- 
port; onepaxHBHan  ~Ka  mil 
war  communique;  --'ka  no- 
roAbi  weather  report. 

CBo|e  [svAyo]  pron  n  -ero, 
-eMy,  -e  (-ero),  -hm,  (o)  -cm 
see  CBOH. 

CBoeBpeMeHH|biH  [svayi^- 
vr^em^mty]  a  sh  f  CBoeBpe- 
MeneH,  -a,  -o,  -u  timely, 
I  well-timed. 


CBO 


420 


cBoeo6pa3HlbiH  [svayiAb- 
razniy]  a  sh  f  cBoeo6pa3eH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  original,  distinc- 
tive;   peculiar    {person,  etc). 

CBOH  [svAi]  pron  pi  -x,  -m, 
^    (-X),     -MH,     (o)     -X      see 

CBOH. 

cbo|h  [svoy]  I  pron  poss 
m  -ero,  -eMy,  -ft    (-ero),  -hm, 

(O)    -CM,   CBOH    /,    CBOe   Al,  CBGH 

pi  1.  referring  to  the  doer 
of  the  action:  jiiofiHTb  ~k) 
cecTpy  love  one's  sister;  oh 
jik)6ht  ~er6  6paTa  he  loves 
his  brother;  ohh  jiib6HT  -— hx 
poACTBeHHHKOB  they  love  their 
relatives;  2.  one's  own;  y  hhx 
—  H  ManiHHa  they  have  a  car 
of  their  own;  y  nero  —  hkhh- 
ra  he  has  his  own  book; 
II  as  a  noun  cboh  pi  -x 
one's  people  {relatives); 
*0*  OH  3Aecb  --H  HejiGBCK  he 
is  quite  at  home  here;  he  is 
everybody's  friend  here;  —ero 
pojua.  kind  of,  sort  of;  yMe- 
pexb  ^iPi  CMepTbK)  die  a 
natural  death. 

cBOHCTBeHHlwfi  [svoys^t^- 
v^inniy]  a  sh  f  CBOHCTBen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  peculiar  {to),  char- 
acteristic {of); 

<>  MejioBCKy  —o   0UJH6aTbC5i 
it  is  human  to  err. 

cbohctbIo  [svoystva]  n  -a, 
^  characteristic,  peculiarity; 
property  {of  a  substance). 

'cBo|fl    [svAya]   pron  f  -eft, 
-eft,  -K),  -eft  (-eio),  (o)  -eft  see 

CBOH. 

CBbicoKa  [svlsAka]  adv  in 
a  haughty  /  condescending 
manner;  o6pamaTbCH  c  kcm-ji. 
'^  treat    smb  with  condescen- 


sion; CMOTpeTfa  —  Ha  Koro-ji. 
look  down  upon  smb. 
cBflsaxb    see   cBHSbiBaxb   & 

BHSaXb. 

CBfl3|Ka  [s^v^ask8]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  bunch  {of  keys);  sheaf 
{of  papers);  2.  anat  chord; 
rojiocoBbie  ^-kh  vocal  chords. 

cBM3biB|aTb  [s^v^'aztvat^] 
imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,    CB5]3|aTb 

[s^V^i^zat^j    per/  CBHHCy,  CBH- 

jKeuib,  p  -aji,  imp  cbh>kh  1, 
tie/ fasten  together,  bind; 
~aTb  B  yseji  make  a  bundle; 

2.  connect,  link;  stot  Bonpdc 
xecHO  cBHsan  c  j^pyrftM  this 
problem  is  bound  up  with 
another;  axo  CBHsano  c  6ojib- 
iiJHMH  pacxoAaMH  it  will  en- 
tail /  involve    great    expense; 

3.  fig  bind  {by  promise,  etc); 
■0  ~axb  no  pyKaM  h  HoraM 
bind  hand  and  foot. 

CBJi3|b  [s^v^as'',  -z^]  /  -H, 
pi  -H,  -eft  1.  tie,  bond,  con- 
nexion; npHqHHHaji —b  causal 
relationship;  2.  connexion, 
relation;  xepnxb  ---b  c...  lose 
touch  with...;  3.  pi  connex- 
ions; 4.  liaison,  love  affair; 
5.  communication  {by  radio, 
etc);  6.  technol  tie,  coupling; 
7.  mil  (inter)communication; 
signals;  liaison; 
<>  B  ~H  c  3XHM  in  this  con- 
nexion. 

cBJimeHHHK  [s^v^'i^sh^-.en''- 
n'^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  priest, 
clergyman. 

cB5imeHH|biH  [s*'v^i^sh'':en- 
niy]  a  sh  f  cbhuuch,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  sacred  {duty,  etc). 

crM61axbCfl  [zg^'ibattja]  im- 
perf    -aiocb,      -aeuibCH,    co- 


421 


ae 


rHlyxbCJi  [sAgnuttsa]  perf 
-ycb,  -eiiibCH,  p  -yjicn,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  bend  /  bow 
down;  stoop,  crouch. 

crHHTb  see  rHHXb. 

croBapHB|aTbCJi  [zgAvar^i- 
V9tts9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH, 
CrOBOpiHTbCJI  [zg9VAr''ittj9] 
perf  -ibcb,  -HiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  1. 
arrange  {to  do  smth);  come 
to  an  arrangement  /  agreement; 

2.:    C   HHM    JiePKO    CrOBOpHXbCH 

he  is  easy  to  deal  with. 

croBOpHHBlbiH  {zgAvorch^i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
compliant,  tractable. 

crop|aTb  [zgArat^]  imoerf 
-aK),  -aeiiib,  crop|eTb  [zgA- 
r^et^]  perf  -ib,  -Huib,  p  -eji, 
imp    -H    1.    burn  down /out; 

—  axb  j\OTJ\k  be  burnt  to  ashes; 
2.  be  consumed,  be  used  up 
{of  fuel);  3.  fig  burn  {with 
shame,  desire,  etc). 

cropSHXbCfl  see  ropSHXbcn. 

cropHHa  [zgar^i'^ch^a]  adv 
rashly;   in  a  fit  of  temper. 

crymeHHlbiH  [zgush^:6nniy] 
a  [pa]\  ~oe  mojioko  con- 
densed milk. 

CAa|Baxb  [zdAvat^]  imperf 
-K),  -eiiib,  p  -Baji,  imp  -Baft, 
c;ia|xb  [zdat^]  perf  -m,  -iiib, 
-cx,-AHM,  -AHxe, -;^yx,p-Ji,  -jia, 
c;tajio,  c^ajiH,  imp  -ft  1.  hand 
in  {papers,  documents,  etc); 
return,  turn  in;  —Baxb  ;tejia 
turn  over  one's  duties;  2.: 
-— Baxb  B  apeHAy  lease;  3.  mil 
surrender  {a  town,  village, 
etc);     4.     deal     {cards);     5.: 

—  eaxb  sKsaMCH  take  an  exam- 
ination;   c;;axb  SKaaMen   pass 


an  examination;  6.:  oh  c/na.^ 
eft  ;i,Ba  py6jiH  he  gave  her 
two  roubles  change. 

CAalBaxbCfl  [zdAvattj9]  im- 
perf   -KDCb,    -eillbCJI,   p    -BajICH, 

-eajiacb,  imp  -BaflcH,  -Bafixecb, 
cflajxbCJi    [zdattsa]  perf  -mch, 

-IIIbCH,      -CXCH,      -AHMCH,       -AH" 

xecb,  -AyxcH,  p  -jich,  -jiacb, 
-JiHCb,  imp  -HCH,  -Hxecb  sur- 
render, yield,  give  in;  ~Baxb- 
CH  Ha  MHJiocTb  no6eAHxejiH 
surrender  at  discretion. 

cjiaxb  see  c^asaxb. 

cjiaxbcsi  see  cAaBaxbCH. 

CAaM|a  [zdach^9]  /  -h  1.: 
■~a  xjie6a  rocyAapcxBy  grain 
deliveries  to  the  state;  —a 
BHaeM  letting,  hiring  out;  —a 
B  apeHAy  lease;  2.  mil  surren- 
der {of  a  town,  village,  etc); 
3.  change  {money  returned); 
<>  AaBaxb  ~H  col  hit /kick 
back. 

CABHr  [z^d^v^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-oB  1.  displacement,  shift 
{a  change  in  position);  2.  fig 
change  (for  the  better),  prog- 
ress, improvement;  3.  geol 
displacement,  fault. 

CAejiaxb  see  AeJiaxb. 

CAejiaxbCfl  see  AeJiaxbCH. 

cAejiJKa  [z^d^elk9]  /  -kh, 
-OK  transaction,  deal,  bar- 
gain;'3  aKJiiOHHXb  ~Ky  make 
a  bargain. 

CAepjKaHHlbiH  [z^d^erzha- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  cAepscan, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  reserved,  discreet; 
-— biH  oxBex  restrained  an- 
swer. 

CAepjKaxb    see  CAepjKHBaxb. 

CAepxcaxbCJi  see  CAep^H- 
Baxbc^i. 


CRQ 


422 


c;iep)KHB|aTb  [z^d^'erzht- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
cflepJKJaTb  [z^<^^'frzhki^\  per f 
-y,  CAepsiHuib,  p  -aji,  /mp  -h 
keep  back,  restrain,  hold  in 
check;  —aib  CMex  suppress 
laughter; 

<>  cflep«aTb  cjioBO  be  as  good 
as  otie's  word,  keep  one's 
word. 

CAepJKHBlaTbCfl  [z^d^erzhi- 
V9ttj9]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiub- 
CH,  cAep>K|aTbCfi  [z^d^i^r- 
zhatts9]  perf  -ycb,  c^ep- 
H<HmbCH,  p  -ajicH,  -ajiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -HTecb  control  oneself, 
hold  oneself  in  check. 

ceaHc  [s^i^ans,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  show,  performance  {at  the 
cinema);  ~  oAHOBpeMeHHoii 
Hrpb'i  simultaneous  exhibition 
{in  chess). 

ce6e  [s^i^b^e]  dat  &  pr  of 
ce6H. 

ceSecTOHMCCT  |  b  [s^ib^  i^stoi- 
mas^'t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  econ 
(prime)  cost,  cost  price;  npo- 
Aasaxb  no   —h  sell  at  par. 

ceSjfl  [s^i^b^a]  pron  reft 
gen  &  ace  {no  nam),  dat  -e, 
instr  co66h  (co66k)),  pr  {o) -e 
oneself  {or  another  form  in 
the  corresp  person);  He  yx- 
pyjKflaxb  ~H  spare  oneself; 
OH  He  yxpy>KAaex  '—h  he 
spares  himself;  KaKyio  aa^a- 
qy  oHa  ~e  nocxasHJia?  what 
task  did  she  set  herself?;  h 
CKaaaji  ~e,  qxo...  I  told  my- 
self that...;  B3HXb  Ha  ~h  ox- 
BexcxeeHHOcxb  assume  respon- 
sibility;  ona  o6paxHJia  na  ~h 
BHHMaHHe  she  attracted  our 
[their,  his,  etc]  attention; 


<>  OHa  xopouia  coSoii    she  is 

pretty,  she  is  good-looking; 
ejviy  He  no  —e  he  doesn't 
feel  quite  himself;  npo  ^a 
to  oneself  (not  aloud). 

ceB  fs^ef,  -v]  m  -a  (the 
period  of)  sowing. 

cesep  [s^ev^ir]  m  -a  north; 
K  — y  ox...  to  the  north  of...; 
Ha  ~e  in  the  north;  na  ~ 
northward(s). 

ceBepH|b!H  [s^ev^irniy]  a 
north,  northern;  caMbifl  —hh 
the  northernmost;  ~-oe  cHHHHe 
northern  lights. 

ceepibrla  [s^i^vr^ugs]  /  -h, 
~-  sevruga  {a  kind  of  stur- 
geon). 

cero  [s^i^vo]  gen  &  ace  of 
ceid,  gen  of  cne;  see  ceft  I. 

ceroAHfi  [s^i'^v6d''n''9]  adv 
today;  ~'  yxpoM  this  morn- 
ing; —  BewepoM  this  evening; 
tonight; 

<>    He saBTpa  any  day 

now;  Ha  ~  to  date. 

cer6;iHsimHlHH  [s^i^vod^- 
n^ashn^iy]  a  today's;  ~Hft 
AeHb  today;  na  ~hh  A^Hb  at 
present;  to  date. 

ccAlexb  [s'^i^d^et^]  imperf 
-eK),  -eeiiib,  nojcejieTb  [p9- 
s^i^d^et^]  perf  go  /  turn  grey 
{of  hair). 

ctj\.ti\6  [s^i^dlo]  n  -a,  pi 
cejxjia,  ce^eji,   ceA^aM  saddle. 

ce^loH  [s^'i^doy]  a  sh  f  -', 
-a,  ceAo,  ceAbi  grey,  grey- 
-haired. 

ccAbMloH  [s^i^d^moy]  num 
ord  seventh;  eMy  nomeji  —oh 
roA  he  is  in  his  seventh  year; 
eMy  -'OH  AecHXOK  he  is  past 
sixty;  s  -—om  qacy  after  six. 


423  — 


ceM 


cesoH  [s^i^zon]  m  -a,  -ob 
season  (0/  the  year). 

cefi  I  [s^ey]  pron  dem  m 
cero,  ceMy,  ^  (cero),  chm, 
(0)  ceM,  CHM  /  ceft,  CHe  n  ce- 
ro, CHH  pi  CHX  this;  Ha 
■—  pa3  this  time;  ;tocer6Bpe- 
MCHH  Up  to  now,  till  now; 
Ao  CHX  nop  1)  up  till /to 
now;  hitherto;  2)  up  to  this 
point;  up  to  here. 

cefi  II  [s^ey]  gen  of  chh; 
see  ceft  I. 

cefi  III  [s^'ey]  see  c^nxb. 

cefiwac  [s^i^ch^as,  -z]  adv 
1.  now,  right  now;  this  min- 
ute; TOJibKO  -'  just  now; 
only  now;  2.  presently,  soon; 
OH  ~  npHACT  he'll  be  here 
soon. 

ceKper  [s^'i^kr^et,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  secret;  Aepscaxb  wto-ji. 
B  ~e  keep  smth  secret;  bu- 
Aaxb  —  betray  a  secret;  ne 
cocxaBJiHXb  —a  be  no  secret, 
be  general  knowledge; 
<>  no  ^y  confidentially,  se- 
cretly; HH  ;tjia  Koro  He  — -, 
HTO...  it  is  no  secret  that..., 
it  is  common  knowledge 
that... 

ceKpexapHar  [s'lkr^itar^'iat, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  secretariat(e). 

ceKpexap|b  [s^ikr^i^tar^]  m 
-H,  -eft  secretary. 

ceKpeTH|bifi  [s^i^-'kr^'etnty] 
a  sh  f  ceKpexen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
secret,  confidential. 

ceKT|a  [s^ekta]  /  -bi,  ~ 
sect. 

ccKyHflja  [s^'i^kunda]  /  -h, 
'-  second  {a  time  unity, 
<>  (oflHy)  — y  wait  a  moment; 
CHK)  ~y  just  a  moment. 


ceji  [s^el],  cejia  [s^ela]  p 
of  cecxb;  see  ca^HXbCH. 

cejie^lKa  [s^i^l'^otka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  co/=cejibAb, 

cejie3eH|Ka  [s^iPi^z^onka] 
/  -KH  anat  spleen. 

cejiHxp|a  [s^i^Pitra]  /  -u 
saltpetre,  nitre. 

ceji|6  [s^i^Io]  n  -a,  pi   ce- 
Jia,  ceji  (big)  village; 
<>  HH  K  ~y  HH  K  ropofly  col 
^  neither  here  nor  there,  out 
of  place. 

cejibAlb  [s^ePt^,  -d^]  /  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft  herring;  KonqenaH 
~b  red  herring;  kipper; 
<>  KaK  ~H  B  SoHKc  ^  1  ikc 
sardines,  like  herrin,qs  in  a 
barrel. 

ce;ibCK!Hfi    [s^el^sk^iy]     a 
-an,    -oe,   -He    rural;    village 
(attr);   ^aa  MecxHccrfa   coun- 
try-side; 
<>  ~oexo3flHCTBo  agriculture. 

CejIbCKOXOSflfi  CTBCHHblH 

[s^'il^skakhAz^ays^t^'v^mniy] 
a  agricultural;  farming  (attr). 

cejibcoBer  [s^il^sAv^et,  -d] 
m  -a,  -oB  (=  cejibCKHft  cobcx) 
village  Soviet  (an  organ  of 
local  government). 

ceM  [s^om]  pr  of  ceft  I. 

ceMa(|)6p  [s^imAfor]  m  -a 
-OB  semaphore. 

ccMrja  [s^omga]  /  -h  salm- 
on. 

ceMeHH|ufi  [s^i*^m^eyniy] 
a  1.  domestic,  family  (attr); 
-^oe  nojioacenne  family  sta- 
tus; B  ~-0H  odcxaHOBKe  in  do- 
mestic surroundings;  2.  fam- 
ily (attr)  (man,  etc). 

ceMe$cxB|o  [s^'i^m^eystvaj 
n  -a,  ~  family  (also  bioL). 


ceM 


—  424  — 


s^atiy]  nam  ord  seventieth; 
—bie  roAbi  the  seventies. 

ceMHJierlKa  [s^'im'^ii^etka]  / 
-KH,  OK  1.  seven-year  school; 
2.  seven-year  plan. 

ccMHaAuaTufi  [s^i^mnattja- 
tty]  nam  ord  seventeenth; 
CMy  nomeji  -^  yoj\  he  is  in 
his  seventeenth  year. 

ceMHafluaTJb  [s^i^mna- 

ttjat^,  -d^i  nam  card  -h,  -bio 
seventeen. 

ceiviy  [s^i^mu]  dat  of  cePi  I. 

ccMlb  [s^em^]  num  card -VL, 
-bK)  seven; 

<>  ^bSefl  —  OAHH  OTBCT  prov 
^  as  well  be  hanged  for  a 
sheep  as  for  a  lamb;  y  ~h 
HflHeK  flHTfl  663  Fjiasy  prov 
^  too  many  cooks  spoil  the 
broth;  ~b  pas  oxMepb  — 
OflHH  OTpe»b  prov  ^  look 
before  you   leap. 

cdMbitecMT  [s^em^'d^'is^at, 
-d]  num  card  ceMH/tecHXH, 
ceMbioAecHTbK)  seventy. 

ccMbcoT  [s^'i^msot,  -dj  num 
card_ceMHc6T,  ceMHCTaM,  — -, 
ceMbiocTaMH,  (o)  ceMHcxax  sev- 
en  hundred. 

ceMb|fl  [s^i^m^ya]  /  -h,  pi 
ceMbH,  ceMeft,  ceMbHM  family 
{mostly  of  people); 
<>  B  ^e  He  663  ypofla  prov 
s  it  is  a  small  flock  that 
has  not  a  black  sheep. 

ceM|fl  [s^em^a]  n  -eHH,  pi 
-em,  -HH,  -enaM  bot  seed  {also 

fig). 

C6Heraji|eu  [s^m^i^gai'^it^, 
-4z]  m  -bua,  -bueB  Senegal- 
ese. 

ceHerajibCK|HA  [s^'m^'i^gal^- 


sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Sene- 
galese. 

ccHJo  [s^ena]  n  -a  hay; 
CTor  —a  hayrick,  haystack; 
KOCHTfa  ~o  cut  the  grass  for 
hay;  CKJiaAbmaxb  — o  e  cTora 
cock  hay. 

ceHOKOc  [s^mAkos,  -z]  m 
-a    haymaking,    haymowing. 

ceHcau,H|5i  [s^i^nsatsiya]  / 
-H,  -H  sensation  {1)  excite- 
ment; 2)    smth    sensational). 

c6HTa6pib  [s^i^n^f'abr^]  m 
-H  SeptemlDer. 

cepja  [s^'era]  /  -bi  1.  chem 
sulphur;   2.  ear-wax. 

C6p6,  [s^erp,  -b]  m  -a,  -os 
Serb,  Serbian. 

cep6cK|HH  [s^'erpsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Serbian. 

cepeaHT  [servant,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  sideboard. 

cepBM3  [s^i^rv^is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-ob:  CTOJioBbiH  ~  dinner-set; 
qaHHbiH  ~-  tea-set. 

cepfleHH|biH  [s^i^rd^ech^- 
nty]  a  sh  f  cepAe^en,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  1.  heart  {attr);  anat  car- 
diac; ^biH  npnnaAOK  heart  at- 
tack; 2,  cordial,  sincere;  — biH 
qe.noBeK  warm-hearted  person; 
oKaaaTb  ~biH  npHeM  accord  a 
cordial  welcome. 

cepflHT|biM  [s^i^rd^'itiy]  a 
sh  f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  angry, 
cross. 

cepfliHTbCfl  [s^'i^rd^ittja] 
imperf   cepjKycb,    cepAHuibca, 

p     -HJICH,      -HJiaCb,      imp     -HCb, 

-Hxecb  be  angry,  be  cross. 

cepAJue  [s^ertja]  n  -ua,  pi 
-ua,  -eu,  -uaM  heart  (/)  an 
organ;  2)  fig  soul);  npHHcaTb 
K  —  uy  press  to  one's  bosom; 


425 


CXCH 


*0>  OT  Bcero  ~ua  from  the 
bottom  of  one's  heart;  bccm 
~u,eM  with  all  one's  heart; 
npHHHMarb  hto-ji.  6jiH3ko  k 
~uy  take  to  heart;  nojio»a 
pyKy  Ha  —ue  quite  candidly; 
CKpenfl  --i^e  ss  reluctantly; 
no  — uy  (no  cepjiuy)  after 
one's  own  heart;  oxjierjio  ox 
'^ u,a  feel  relieved;  c  rjias  jio- 
jiofi  —  H3  ~ua  BOH  prov  out 
of  sight,  out  of  mind. 

cepe6p|6  [s^ir^i^bro]  n  -a 
silver  (1)  a  metal;  2)  ware, 
coins) . 

cepe6p5iHlbiH  (s^i^r'^ebr^a- 
niy]  a  silver;  --bie  najiejiun 
silverware;  e  ~oh  onpaee 
silver-mounted. 

cepejiHHla  [s^ir^iM^ina]  / 
-bi  middle,  midst. 

cepHcaHT  [s^i^rzh^nt,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  mil  sergeant. 

cepH|5i  [s^'er^iya]  /  -h.  -h 
series;  KHHo4)H;ibM  b  n^CKOJib- 
KHx  — 'HX  serial  film. 

cepn   [s^erp,  -b]   m  -a,  -6b 
sickle,    reaping-hook;     —     h 
MOJioT  hammer  and  sickle; 
<>  —  jiyHbi  crescent. 

cepjbiH  [s^erty]  a  sh  f  --, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  grey;  2.  fig  dull, 
monotonous;  3.  fig  col  igno- 
rant. 

cepbrja  [s^i^r^ga]  /  -h,  pi 
cepbFH,  ceper,  -aM  ear- 
-ring. 

cepbesHlbiH  [s^i^r^yozniy] 
a  sh  f  cepbescH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
serious  {interest,  etc);  grave 
(look,  etc). 

ceccH|fl  [s^es^iya]  /  -h,  -fi 
session,  sitting;  BbiesAHaH  — -h 
cy;ia  assizes. 


cecTp|a  [s^i^stra]  /  -h,  pi 
cecxpbi,  cecxep,  cecxpaM  1. 
sister;  ABOibpoAHaH  ~a  cous- 
in; 2.  sick-nurse;  trained  nurse. 

cecxb  see  ca^HibCJi. 

cex|Ka  [s^etka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
1.  net,  netting,  mesh;  2.  col 
string-bag;  3.  grid  (on  a  map); 
4.:  xapH4)Ha}i  ~Ka  (tariff) 
scale. 

cexjb  [s^et^,  -d^]  /  -h,  pi 
-H,  -eft  1.  net  {also  fig);  pbi- 
6oji6BHaH  —b  fish-net;  2.  net- 
work {of  railways,  etc). 

ccK)  [s^eyu],  ceeuib  [s^e- 
yash,   -zh]  see  cenxb. 

cefljiJKa  [s^eyalka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  seeding-machine. 

ceji|xb  [s^eyat^]  imperf 
ceio,  ceeiiib,  p  -Ji,  imp  ceii, 
noicejixb  [pAs^eyat^]  perf 
sow  {also  fig). 

cjKajiJHXbcsi        [zh:aPitt§a] 

perf    -KDCb,    -HIUbCH,     P     -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  take 
pity,  feel  compassion. 

cxaxbifl  [zh'.attyj  a  [pa] 
condensed,  compressed. 

cwaxb  I  see  cJKHMaxb. 

c%axb  II  see  )Kaxb  II. 

cjKer  [zh:ok,  -g]  p  of 
CHcewb;  see  OKHxaxb. 

CHceHb  see  cHcnraxb  & 
jKe^b  1. 

CHCHrjaxb  [zh:igat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib,  cwenb  [zhiech^] 
perf  coHcry,  coHCJKeuib,  p 
cjKer,  coacrjia,  imp  cojkfh 
burn,  burn  down  /  out;  ^axb 
B  KpeMaxopHH  cremate. 

CHCHMJaxb  [zhitmat**]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  CHcalxb 
[zhiat'']     perf     coJKMy,     co- 

JKMeUIb,     p     -JI,      imp     COHCMll 


426  — 


squeeze;  compress;  —axb  3y6bi 
clench  one's  teeth;  ^aib-  b 
oe-bHTHHx  hug  (smb). 

csaiiH  [zzad^i]  1  adv  behind 
(at  the  back,  in  the  rear); 
from  behind;  from  the  end; 
II  prep  with  gen  denoting 
position,  location  at  the  back 
of  smth  behind. 

cHrapja  [s^igara]  /  -bi,  ^ 
cigar. 

cHrapeTJa  [s^'igAr^eta]  / -bi, 
—  cigarette. 

cHPHaji  [s^ignal]  m  -a,  -ob 
signal  (&j/  a  gesture,  mechani- 
cal device,  etc);  ~  B03Aym- 
HOH  TpeBorH    air-raid    alarm. 

CHAeH'|be  [s^'id^en^ya]  M-bH, 
-HH  seat  {a  chair  or  of  a 
chair). 

CHiieTb  [s^id^et^]  imperf 
CH:«y,  cHAHUib,  p  CHAeJi,  imp 
CHAH  1.  sit,  be  seated;  ~-  Ha 
cxyjie  sit  on  a  chair;  ^  b 
KpecJie  sit  in  an  arm-chair; 
~  3a  cTOJioM  sit  at  the  table; 
sit  at  table;  ~-  noA^^aB  hofh 
sit  cross-legged;  ~  Ha  Kop- 
TOMKax  squat;  2.  be  [experi- 
ence a  certain  condition);  be 
engaged  (in);  stay  {somewhere 
for  a  long  time);  ~  6e3  AeJia 
have  nothing  to  do,  be  idle; 
~  6e3  Aener  be  without  mon- 
ey; —  3a  KHHfOH  read  a  book; 
sit  over  a  book;  -^  AOMa 
stay  at  home;  ^  b  TiopbMe 
be  in  prison;  —  HoqaMH  sit 
up  nights;  3.  fit  {well,  etc, 
said  of  clothes). 

CHA^HJHH  [s^id^'ach^'iy]  a 
-aH,  -ee,  -He  1.  sitting  {pos- 
ture, etc);  —He  wecia  seats; 
2.  sedentary  {life,  etc). 


one  [s^iye]  pron  nseec&k  I. 

CM«y  [s^izhu]    see   cHAexb. 

CHM  [s^'ii]  pron  pi   see  cen  I. 

cMJiia  [s^'ib]  f -hi, pi  -bi,  ~ 
1.  strength,  force;  Hafinpaib- 
CH  ~-  gather  strength;  AeJiaxb 
qxo-ji.  qepes  ~y  force  oneself 
to  do  smth;  ~a  Ayxa  [xapax- 
xcpa]  fortitude;  2.  technol, 
phys  power,  force;  --a  xh- 
^ecxH  gravity;  3.  law  va- 
lidity, strength;  ocxaBaxbCH  s 
~e  remain  valid;  remain  in 
force;  4.  pi  mil  force;  strength; 
<>  Bbi^HTbCM  H3  —  be  ex- 
hausted {said  of  people);  H3o 
Bcex  —  &  BceiMH  -^aiviH  with 
all  one's  might;  b  — y  because 
of,  on  account  of,  owing  to; 
B  --y  o6cxoHxejibcxB  owing 
to  the  force  of  circumstances; 
ox  ~bi  col  at  the  utmost;  He 
noA  —-y  beyond  one's  power; 
outside  one's  competence;  be- 
yond endurance. 

cHJiofi  [s^ilay]  adv  by  force. 

cHjioc  [smiles,  -z]  m  -a  silo, 
silage. 

cHjibH|bifl  [s^iPniy]  a  sh  f 
CHJie.H  (cHJien),  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi) 
1.  strong,  powerful;  violent 
{storm,  etc);  2.  impressive, 
powerful  {speech,  play,  etc); 
3.  good  {at);  well- versed  {in). 

CHM   [s^im]   instr  of  ceft  I. 

CHMnaxHHHJbiH  [s^impA- 
t^ich'^niy]  a  sh  f  cHMnaxHMen, 
-a,  -0,  -bi  nice,  winning,  at- 
tractive. 

CHMnaxHlfl  [s^impaf'iya]  f 
-H,  -H  liking  {for  smb);  sym- 
pathy {for  smb);  qyBCXBOBaxb 
~io  K  KOMy-ji.  feel  drawn  to 
smb,  have  a  liking  for    smb. 


—  427 


CKB 


CHMyjiHp|oBaTb  [s^imuPi- 
ravat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -oBajT,  /mp.-yH  sim- 
ulate, sham,  feign. 

cHM(|)OHHqecK|HH  fs^'imfA- 
n^icli^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
symphonic;  symphony  (atir). 

CHHHH  [s^'in^iy]  a  blue, 
darl<  blue. 

CMHflK  [s^in''al<,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  bruise;  —  noA  rjiaaoM 
black  eye; 

<>   ~H     ^0J^    rjiaaaMH     shad- 
ows under  the  eyes. 

CHpeH  |b  [s^ir^'en^]  /  -h  li- 
lac; lilac-bush. 

CHpH|eu  [s'^ir^iyats,  -dz]  m 
-Hua,  -Hues  Syrian. 

cHpHHCK|HH  [s^  ir^iysk^  iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Syrian. 

cHpoTJa  [s^irAta]  m  &  f  -hi, 
pi  CHpoTbi,  CHpoT  orphan. 

CHCTeM|a  [s^is^t^ema]  /  -bi, 
—  system  (of  education,  etc); 
BOHTH  B  —  y  become  the  rule. 

cMCTeMaTHHecK|HH  [s^'is^t^i- 
mAt''ich*'isk''iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  systematic,  methodical. 

cHT|eu  [s^it^'itj,  -dz]  m  -ua 
(-uy)  cotton  print,  calico, 
chintz. 

CHTyauH|H  [s^ituatjiya]  / 
-H,  -H  situation  (circum- 
stances). 

CHx  [s^ikh,  -gh]  gen  of 
chh;  see  cen  I. 

CMfl  [s^iya]  pron  f  see 
ceft  I. 

cHfl|Tb  [s^iyat^]  imperf -lo, 
-eiub  shine,  beam  (also   fig). 

cKaaaxb  see  roBopHXb  2. 

CKasiKa  [skaska]  /  -kh,  -ok 
tale,  story;  B0Jim66HaH  --Ka 
fairy-tale. 


cKasycMJoe  jskAzuyamaya] 
n  -oro,  -bix  ling  predicate. 

cKaKJaTb  [skAkat^]  imperf 
CKaqy,  cKa^emb,  p  -aji,  imp 
CKaqH  I.  skip,  jump,  hop;  2. 
gallop  (of  a  horse). 

cKaji|a  [skAla]  /  -b'l,  pi 
CKajibi,   ~-  rock,  cliff. 

CKaMeHK|a  [skAm^'eyka]  / 
-H,  cKaMeeK  =  CKaMbH. 

CKaMb|n  [skAm^'ya]  /  -h, 
pi  -H  (cKaMbH),  cKaMefl,  *  -Am 
bench,  seat; 

<>  ~^fl  nojicyflHMbix  law  the 
dock;  CO  uiKdjibHOH  -^h  since 
one's  school-days. 

cKaHflaji  [skAndal]  m  -a, 
-OB  scandal,  row;  ycTpoHTb---- 
raise  a  row;  KaKoft  --!  what 
a  disgrace! 

cKapjiaTHH|a  [skarlAt^ina] 
/  -bi  med  scarlet  fever. 

CKaxepTlb    [skat^irt**,    -d^] 
/  -H,  -eft  table-cloth; 
<>  ~-bK)    flopora  col  ^  good 
riddance. 

cKaHKaMH  [skAch^kam^i] 
adv  1.  by  leaps  and  bounds; 
2.  by  fits  and  starts. 

CKanlKH  [skach^k^i]  pi  -eK 
horse-race. 

CKaHJoK  [skAch^ok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  jump,  bound,  leap 
(also  fig). 

cKBaxHH|a     [skvazhina]    / 
-bi,  ^    chink,    slit;    6ypoBaH 
—  a    bore   hole,    boring  well; 
He4)THHaH  -^-a  oil-well; 
<>  saMOMHasi  —a  keyhole. 

cKBCp  [skv^'er]  m  -a,  -ob 
(small)  public  garden. 

CKBepHlwH  [skv^erniy]  a 
sh  f  CKBepCH,  -\,  -0,  -u  bad, 
nasty. 


CKB 


—  428 


cKBOsHflK  [skvAz^n^ak,  -g]  • 
m  -a,  -OB  draught  {in  a  room, 
etc);  Ha    ~-e    in    a    draught. 

CKB03b  [skvos^,  -z^]  prep 
with  ace  denoting  movement 
through  smth  through. 

CKBOp|eu  [skvAr^etj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -u6b  starling  (a  bird). 

CKCJier  [sk^i^l^'et,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  skeleton. 

CKHii|Ka  [sk^itka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
rebate,  discount,  abatement; 
Aejiaxb  ~Ky  1)  give  a  reduc- 
tion; 2)  fig  make  allowances; 
CO  — 'KOH  at  cut  rates;  co 
~KOH  B...  at  a  discount  of... 

CKjiaji  I  [sklat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  storehouse,  warehouse; 
mil  dump,  depot. 

cKJiafl  II  fsklat,  -d]  m  -a: 
—  yMa  mental  make-up,  cast 
of  mind. 

CKjiaA|Ka  [sklatka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  fold,  crease,  pleat;  b 
'-'Ky  pleated;  2.  wrinkle,  fur- 
row; 3.  accident  (of  the 
ground). 

cKjiaiiHOH  [skUdnoy]  a  fold- 
ing, collapsible. 

cKJiaAMHH|a  [sklat^ch^ina] 
/  -bi:  KynHTb  [c^ejiaTb]  hto-ji. 
B  ~y  club  together  to  buy 
[doj  smth. 

CKjiaAbiBJaTb  [skladWat^] 
imperf  -aK),  -aeuib,  cjiow:iHTb 
[slAzhit^]  perf  -y,  CdHo^KHuib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  put  togeth- 
er, heap,  pile;  --'aTb  semn 
pack  one's  things;  2.  math 
add  (up);  3.  compose  (songs, 
poems,  etc);  4.  fold  (up)  (a 
newspaper,  etc); 
<>  cjioK^Tb  opymiit  lay  down 
arms;  cjiojKHTb  rojiosy  s  lay 


down  one's  life;  CHiierb  cjio- 
»a  pyKH  col  be  idle. 

CKJiaAbiBJaTbcsi  [skladiva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aK)Cb,  -aeuibCJi, 
cjio»|HTbCfl   [slAzhtttja]    perf 

-yCb,      CJIO^HUIbCH,      p      -HJICH, 

-rijiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
form,  take  shape;  arise  (of  a 
situation,  etc);  o6cTOHTejib- 
CTBa  cJiojKHJiHCb  SjiaponpHHT- 
Ho  the  circumstances  are  fa- 
vourable; y  Hero  cjiojKHJiocb 
MHeHHe,  MTo...  he  formed  the 
opinion  that...;  2.  col  club, 
pool    (money,  etc). 

cKjioH    [sklon]    m   -a,    -ob 
slope  (of  a  hill,  etc);  otjiophh 
'--  gentle  slope; 
<>  Ha  ---e  jier  in  one's  declin- 
ing years. 

CKJioHeHHJe    [sklAn^en^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  ling  declension; 
<>    MarHHTHoe    ~-e    magnetic 
declination. 

CKJIOHMTb     see     CKJIOHHTb     I. 

CKji6HH0CT|b  [sklonnas^t'*, 
-z^d^]  /  -H,  -eft  inclination 
(to),  disposition  (to,  for), 
bent  (for);  tendency  (to);  —b 
K  H3biKaM  gift  for  languages; 
nHxarb  --b  m  KOMy-ji.  feel 
kindly  disposed  towards  smb. 

CKji6HH|biH  [sklonnty]  a 
sh  f  CKJioHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  in- 
clined (to),  disposed  (to),  li- 
able (to);  OH  CKJioHCH  AyMaxb, 
qro...  he  is  inclined  to  think 
that... 

CKJioH|«Tb  I  [sklAn''at'»]  im- 
perf   -HIO,      -Heillb,      CKJIOH|HTb 

[sklAn^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Hiiib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  1.  incline,  bend, 
bow;  2.  fig  persuade,  try  to 
win  over  (to  one's  side). 


—  429  — 


CKO 


ckjiohIhtb  II  [sklAH^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -Jiemb,  npoicKjio- 
H«Tb  [praskUn^at^]  perf  ling 
decline. 

ck661kh  [skopk^i]  pi  -ok 
{sing  CK66K|a  /  -h)  brackets, 
parentheses;  KpyrJiwe  -—kh 
round   brackets,    parentheses. 

cKOBopo;i|a    [skavarAda]    / 

-bl,    pi    CKOBOpOAbI,     CKOBOpOA, 

-aM  frying-pan. 
CKOBOpOA  I  Ka  [skavArotka]  / 

-KH,    -OK   C0/=CKOBOpOAa. 

CKOJIb3|HTb  [skAPz^it^] 

imperf  cKOJihmy,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 

imp   -H,  CK0jlb3H|yTb   [skAl^z- 

nut^J    perf    -y,    -euib,  p  -yji, 

imp  -H   1.  slip,    slide;    glide 

{on  water,  ice,  etc);  2.:  —HXb 

BsrJiHAOM    throw    a    cursory 

glance; 

<>   ~HTb  no    noBepxHOCTH  be 

superficial. 

CKOJibSKJHH  [skoPsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  cKOJibSOK, 
-a,  -o,  -H  1,  slippery  (also 
fig);  2.  fig:  --an  TeMa  tick- 
lish matter. 

CKOJibSHyxb      see      cKOJib- 

3HTb. 

cKOJibKJo  [skol^ka]  adv  & 
pron  inter  &  rel    {pron:  -hx) 

1.  how    much;    how    many; 

2.  as  much  as;  as  many  as; 
'-'  xoMeiub  /  yroAHO  as  much 
[many,  long,  etc]  as  you 
like. 

CKOMnpoMeTHpoeaTb         see 

KOMRpOMeTHpOBaTb, 

cKOH4)y3HTbCfl    see    KOH(J)y- 

SHTbCH, 

CKOHueHTpHpoeaTb  see  koh- 

UeHTpHpOBaXb. 

CK0H4[aTbCfl       [skAn^ch^a- 


ttj9]  perf  -arocb,  -aeuibCH  die/ 
pass  away. 

CKonHpoeaTb  see  Konnpo- 
BaTb. 

CK0p6|b  [skorp^,  -b^]  /  -h 
sorrow,  grief. 

CKopee  [skAr^eya]  I  comp 
of  CKopbiH  &  corresp  adv;  Kan 
MOJKHO  ^  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble; as  quickly  as  possible; 
II  adv  rather  sooner;  — ' 
coBceM  yHAy,  ^eM  corjia- 
mycb  Ha  3to  I'll  sooner  go 
away  than  agree  to  it;  oh  ~' 
noxoHc  Ha  MaTb  he's  more 
like  his  mother;  he  rather 
resembles  his  mother; 
<>  -~  Bcero  most  likely. 

CKOpjiyn|a  [skarlupa]  /  -bi, 
pi  CKOpJiynbi,  CKopjiyn,  CKop- 
JiynaM  shell  {of  an  egg,  nut, 
etc);   oHHmaTb   ot  ^bi    shell. 

CKopo  [skors]  I  adv  quick- 
ly, fast; 

II  predic  soon,  shortly;  -' 
BecHa  spring  will  soon  be 
here. 

CK6pocT|b  [skoras^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  -eft  speed,  rate;  phys 
velocity;  MaKCHMajibHan  ^b 
top  speed;  ^osBOJieHHan  --b 
esAW  speed-limit;  naSHp^Tb 
—  b  gain  speed;  nepefixH  na 
ApyryK)  --b  change  gear. 

CKOpHHTbCH    see    KOp^HTbCH. 

cKdpjbiH  [skoriy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  quick,  fast, 
speedy;  2.  near,  forthcoming; 
B,  ~0M  BpeMeHH  before  long, 
in  a  short  time; 
O  —aa  noMomb  1)  (emer- 
gency) first  aid;  2)  ambu- 
lance (car);  na  ~yio  pyKy  in 
haste;    in  an   off-hand    man- 


CKO 


430 


ner;  n,o  ~oh  bctpchh!  see  you 
soon! 
CKOCHTb  1  see  kochth  I. 

CKOCHTb    II    see     KOCHTb    II. 

CKOT  [skot,  -d]  m  -a  cat- 
tle, live-stock;  nJieMeHHOH  ~ 
pedigree  cattle. 

ckotoboactbIo  [skatAvotst- 
V9]  n  -a  cattle-breeding,  ani- 
mal husbandry. 

CKpHn  [skr^'ip,  -b]  m  -a, 
-OB  squeak,  creak;  crunch  {of 
the  snow,  etc). 

CKpHnan  [skr^ipach^,  -j^] 
m  -a,  -eft  violinist 

CKpHn|eTb  [skr^ip^'et^]  im- 
perf  -jiK),  -Huib,  p  -eji,  imp 
-H  squeak,  creak;  crunch  {of 
the  snow,  etc);  CKpHnexb  ay- 
6aMH  grit  one's  teeth. 

CKpHnJKa  [skr^ipka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  violin,  fiddle;  Hrpaib  na 
'-Ke  play  the  violin. 

CKpOHTb    see    KpOHTb. 

CKpoMHibiH  [skromniy]  a  s/z 
/  CKpoMeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  modest, 
unassuming;  --bm  o6e;t  fru- 
gal dinner;  no  MoeMy  -'OMy 
MHeHHK)  in  my  humble  opin- 
ion. 

CKpwBlaTb  [skrtvat'']  im- 
perf  -^K),  -aeiub,  cKpbilrb 
[skrtt^]  perf  cKpoio,  CKpo- 
eiub,  p  -Ji,  imp  CKpOH  hide, 
conceal;  hold  back  {informa- 
tion, etc);  —axb  mo-Ji.  ox 
Koro-Ji.  keep  smth  from  smb; 
He  — ^xb  xoro,  qxo...  make 
no  secret  of  the    fact    that... 

CKpbiBlaTbCfl  [skrivattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
CKpbiJTbCfl       [skrtttsa]      perf 

CKp6l0Cb,    CKpoeiUbCH,    p    -JICJI, 

-Jiacb,  imp  CKpoHCH,  cKpoflxecb 


1.  hide /conceal  (oneself);  oh 
CKpbijiCH  B  xojine  he  was  lost 
in  the  crowd;  coJiHue  CKpbi- 
jiocb  3a  xyqaMH  the  sun  was 
hidden  behind  the  clouds; 
3Aecb  qx6-xo  ~aexcH  there  is 
smth  behind  that;  2.  escape, 
steal  away;  CKpbixbCH  nesa- 
MexHO  slip  away. 

CKpbiTH|biH  [skrftnty]  a  sh 
f  CKpbixeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  re- 
served, reticent,  secretive. 

CKpbiTb  see  cKpbiBaxb. 

cKpbiTbCJi   see   cKpbiBaxbCH. 

CKyAHlbiH  [skudnty]  a  sh  f 
CKyACH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  scanty, 
poor,  meager;  -~bie  CBeAGHHH 
scant  information. 

CKyK|a  [skuka]  /  -h  bore- 
dom, tedium;  HaroHHXb  --y 
Ha  Koro-Ji.  col  bore  smb;  Ka- 
Kan  —a!   what  a  bore! 

CKyjibnxop  [skul^ptar]  m 
-a,  -OB  sculptor. 

CKyjibnxypla  [skul^ptura]  / 
-bi,   --  sculpture. 

CKyn|6H  [skupoy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  stingy,  nig- 
gardly, miserly;  2.  fig  chary 
{words,  etc). 

CKyHJaxb  [skuch^at^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib  1.  be  bored; 
2.:    ~axb  o  kom-ji.  miss  smb. 

CKyMHo  [skushna]  I  adv  bor- 
ingly,  tediously; 
11  impers  predic    it   is  dull/ 
boring;    eMy    ---  he    is  bored. 

CKyHHlbiH  [skushnty]  a  sh 
f  CKyqeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  dull, 
boring,  tiresome;  2.  bored; 
noqeMy  xbi  xaKofi  ~biH?  what 
makes  you  sad  /  unhappy? 

cjia6|eTb  [sUb^'et'']  imperf- 
-eio,  -eeuib,  0:Cjia6eTb   [asIa- 


431 


cjie 


b^et**]     perf     weaken,     grow 
weak  /  feeble. 

cjiadHTejibHJoe  [sUb^it^'iP- 
n9y8]  n  -oro,  -bix  purgative, 
laxative. 

cjia6ocT|b  [slabas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  -eft  1.  weakness,  feeble- 
ness, debility;  qyBCTBosaTb 
~b  feel  poorly /weak;  b  mh- 
Hyry  — h  in  a  weak  moment; 
2.  weak  point  /  side  {of  a  book, 
etc);  3.  weakness  {for). 

cjiaSjbiH  [slabiy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  weak,  fee- 
ble; 2.  slack,  loose;  3.  weak, 
thin  {tea,  etc);  4.  poor  {speak- 
er, student,  etc);  ~aH  ot- 
roBopna  lame  excuse; 
<>  -~oe  MecTo  weak  point; 
HaxoflHTb  ~oe  MecTO  ^  find 
the  joint  in  the  armour. 

cjiaeja  [slava]  /  -bi  1.  glo- 
ry, fame;  AocTHrnyTb  ~bi  win 
fame;  2.  fame,  name,  repu- 
tation; A66paji  ~a  good 
name;  npnoSpecTH  AypHyio 
•--y  fall  into  disrepute; 
O  BO  ~y  to  the  glory  of; 
Ha  — y  col  excellently,  very 
well   indeed. 

cjiaBH  I uii  [slavnty]  a  sh  f 
cjiaBeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  glorious, 
famous;  2.  col  nice  {child, 
person,  etc). 

cjiasfiHHH  [slav^i^n^'in]  m 
-a,  pi  cjiaBHHe,  cjiaBHH  Slav. 

cjiaBflHCK|HH  [slAv^ansk^iy] 
a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  Slav. 

cjiar|aTb  [slAgaf^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  cjiojk  Hxb  [sIa- 
zhtt^]  perf  -y,  cjioJKHiub,  p 
^HJi,  imp  -h:  --aib  c  ce6H 
06H3aHH0CTH  /  nojiHOMOMHH  re- 
sign   (one's    duties);   — axb   c 


ce6H  OTBeiCTBeHHOCTjj  lay 
down   all  the   responsibility. 

cjiaAKlHH  [slatk^iy]  I  a -aji, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  cjia^OK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  sweet  {also  fig);  cnaxb 
—  HM  CHOM  be  fast  asleep; 
2.  fig  honeyed  {praises,  etc); 
II  as  a  noun  cjiaAKJoe 
n  -oro  dessert. 

cjiaiu,e  fslash^:i]  comp  of 
cjiaAKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

cjieBa  [s^Peva]  adv  from 
the  left;  on  /  at  the.  left;  to  the 
left  {of);  ■—  HanpaBO  from  left 
to  right. 

cjierKa     [s^Pi^khka]      adv 

1.  somewhat,  in  some  degree; 

2.  gently,    lightly,    slightly. 
cjicfl  [s^'Pet,   -dj  m  -a  (-y), 

dat  -y,  pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  track, 
footprint;  nanacTb  na  —  find 
the   tracks;    scent   the    trail; 

2.  trace,  sign,  vestige;  ne 
ocxajiocb  H  —a  not  a  trace 
remains; 

<>  c6HBaxb  CO  ~a  put  off 
the  tracks;  put  off  the  scent; 
saMcxaxb  -— w  cover  up  one's 
tracks. 

cjieflJHxb  [s^Pi^d^it^]  im- 
perf cjie^y,  -Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  1.  watch,  keep  under  ob- 
servation; BHHMaxeJIbHO  ~HXb 
watch  closely;  ~HXb  HcnoA- 
xHiiiKa  3a  KeM-Ji.  spy  on  smb, 
shadow  smb;  2.  follow  {asto- 
rg,  the  thread  of  smb's 
thoughts,  etc);  ~  lixb  sa  hojih- 
XHKOH  keep  up  with  politics; 

3.  look  {after),  take  care  {of); 
keep  an  eye  {on);  ■~HXb  sa 
xeM,  qx66bi...  seeto  it  that...; 
<>  ~HXb  sa  coSoH  look  after 
one's  health;  be  very  partic- 


cjie 


—  432  — 


ular      about      one's       dress 
[looks,  etc]. 

cjie;ioBaTeji|b  [s^l^edava- 
f^il*"]  m  -H,  -eft  inspector,  in- 
vestigator. 

cjieflOBaxejibHO  [s^l^'edava- 
t^il^najc/ consequently,  there- 
fore. 

cjieAloBaxb  [s^Pedavat*'] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yft,  noicjiejiQBaTb  [pA- 
s^Pedavat^]  perf  1.  follow, 
go  after;  -— oeaTb  aa  kcm-ji. 
no  nnxaM  follow  hard  on 
smb's  heels;  2.  follow  {in 
succession);  come  next;  Jiexo 
~yeT  3a  bcchoh  summer  fol- 
lows spring;  3.  follow  {the 
example  of,  fashions,  etc); 
comply  {with  rules,  etc); 
—OBarb  npHHUHuaM  adhere  to 
principles;  4.  {no  perf)  be 
bound  {for  a  port,  etc);  5.  {no 
perf)  ensue,  follow  {as  a  re- 
sult, consequence);  KaK  — yer 
H3  cKasaHHoro  as  it  follows 
from  the  above;  6.  {no  perf) 
impers:  euy  —yei  hohth  xy- 
fla  he  ought  to  go  there; 
-'yex  noMHHXb,  hxo...  it 
should  be  remembered  that...; 
sxoro  — oeajio  ox^HAaxb  it 
was  to  be  expected;  o6pa- 
maxbCH  KyAa  ~yex  apply  to 
the  proper  quarter;  7.  {no 
perf)  impers:  cKOJibKO  c  Hero 
— -yex?  how  much  must  he 
pay?; 
<>  KaK  --yex  properly. 

c;ieflOM  [s^'Pedam]  adv.  ha- 
XH  --  3a  KeM-ji.  follow  smb 
closely;  xoAHXb  -^  aa  KeM-;i.- 
dog  smb's  steps,  follow  smb 
around. 


cjieflcxBHJe  I  [s^Petjt^- 
v^iya]  n  -h,  -h  consequence, 
corollary;  npHmina  h  —e  phi- 
los  cause  and  effect. 

cjieflCXBHie  II  [s^'l^etjt^- 
v^iya]  n  -h,  -h  law  investi- 
gation, inquiry;  inquest;  npo- 
H3B0AHTb  — e  hold  an  inves- 
tigation; HaxoAHTbCH  noA 
~eM  be   under    examination. 

cjieAywmlHH  [s^l^eduyu- 
sh^-.iy]  a  [pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He 
next,  following;  ~-hm  66pa- 
30M  in  the  following  way; 
— hh!  next,  please! 

cjieaja  [s^'Pi^za]  /  -bi,  pi 
cjiesbi,  cjiea,  -aM  tear  {in  the 
eye);  aajiHXbcn  —aMH  burst 
into  tears;  cMenxbCH  ao  cjie3 
laugh  until  one  cries;  Aocjie3 
o6haho  enough  to  make  any- 
body cry;  ^aMH  ropK)  ne  no- 
MOHceuib  ^  what's  the  use  of 
crying  over  spilt  milk; 
CKB03b  cjiesbi   tearfully. 

cjie3|axb  [s^l^i^zat^^J  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  cjie3|xb 
[s^Pes^t*']  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
■~,  -Jia,  imp  -b  1.  come  /  get 
down,  alight;  ~axb  c  Jioma- 
AH  dismount;  2.  col  get  off 
{a  train,  tram,  etc);  3.  col 
peel  (off),  come  off  {of  paint, 
skin,  etc). 

cjienHXb  see  JienHXb  2. 

cjienHJyxb  [s^'l^'epnut'']  im- 
P^f'f  -y.  -euib,  p  cjien,  caenjia, 
imp  -H,  oicjienHyxb  [As^'Pep- 
nut^]  perf  become /get 
blind. 

cjienloii  [s^Pi^poy]  I  a  sh 
f  '-',  -a,  -o,  -bi  blind  {also 
fig);  ~6h  Ha  oahh  rjia3  blind 
jl  in  one  eye; 


433  — 


CJIQ 


II  as  a  noun  cjienjofi  m 
-oro,  -bix,  cjienjan  /  -oh, 
-bix  blind  person. 

cjiecapjb  [s^'l^'esar^]  m  -h, 
pi  -H  (-H),  -eft  (-eft)  metal- 
-worker,  iron-worker;  lock- 
smith;  ~b-MOHTa^HHK  fitter. 

cjiMBJa  [s^l^iva]  /  -bi,  — 
plum;  plum-tree, 

cjiHB|aTbcsi  [s^Pivattj9]/m- 
perf  -aeTCH,  cjiHlxbCfl  [s^l^i- 
tts9]  perf  cojihCTCH,  p  -jich, 
-jiacb  1.  come  /  flow  together 
{of  rivers,  streams,  etc); 
2.  fig  merge,  amalgamate 
(of  establishments,  organi- 
zations, etc);  3.  fig  blend, 
merge  {of  colours,  sounds); 
<>  cjiHTbCfl  BOCAHHO  become 
one. 

cjihbIkh  [s^Pifk^i]  pi  -ok 
cream  {also  fig);  c6HTbie  -—kh 
whipped  cream;  CHHMaTb  ~kh 
skim  the  milk  [also  see  <>]; 
<>  —  KH  oSmecTsa  cream  of 
society;  CHMMarb  ~kh  take 
the  cream  off. 

cjiH3|b  [s^l^is-^,  -z^]  /  -H 
mucus;  slime. 

cjiHTbCji  see  cJiHsaTbCfl. 

cjiMuiKOM  [s^l^ishkam]  adv 
too  {much,  few,  etc);  oh  He 
--  yMCH  he's  far  from  clever; 
<>  3T0  (yw)  ~!  it's  a  bit 
thick! 

cjiOBaplb  [slAvar^]  m  -h, 
-eft  1.  dictionary;  glossary; 
HCKaTb  cjioBO  B  --6  consult  a 
dictionary;  2.  vocabulary. 

cjiOBecHbiH  [slAV^esniy]  a 
verbal,  oral,  wordy. 

cjioBJo  [slova]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 
^  1.  word  {J)  a  unit  of 
speech;  2)  a  promise);  Aap  -^a 


gift  of  eloquence;  homh- 
HHTC  Moe  —o  mark  my  words; 
HapymHTb  ~o  break  one's 
wdrd;  2,  speech,  address  {at  a 
meeting);  saKJUo^HiejibHoe  ^o 
summation,  concluding  re- 
marks; AaTb  '-o  give  the 
floor;  B3HTb  -—o  take  the 
floor; 

<>  Ha  —ax  in  words;  c  nep- 
Boro  —a  at  once,  immedi- 
ately; no  (ero)  — aM  accord- 
ing to  (him);  ^  ner  1)  it 
goes  without  saying;  2)  words 
fail  me;  oh  He  naxoAMJi  — 
words  failed  him;  — o  e  ~o 
word  for  word;  —o  sa  cjiobo 
little  by  little. 

cjioBOM  [slovam]  parenth 
in  a  word,  in  short. 

cjior  [slok,  -g]  m  -a,  pi  -h, 
-OB  ling  syllable. 

cjiojKHTb  see  cKJiaAHBaxb  & 
cjiaraxb. 

cjioKHTbCfi  see  cKJia^bi- 
BaxbCJi. 

cji6}KH|uJi  [slozhniy]  a  sh  f 
cji6»:eH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  com- 
pound; -—oe  npeAJioHCCHHe 
ling  compound  sentence; 
complex  sentence;  2.  compli- 
cated, intricate;  —bift  Bonpoc 
knotty  problem. 

cjioIh  [sloy]  m  -h,  pi  -h, 
-CB  1.  layer  {also  fig);  stra- 
tum {also  fig);  tohkhh  —ft 
thin  layer/  film;  2.:  mHpOKHe 
—H  HacejieHHfl  broad  sections 
of  the  population. 

cjiOMarb  see  JioMaxb. 

cjioMaTbCfi  see  JioMaibca  1. 

cjioH  [slon]  m  -a,  -6b 
1.  elephant;  2.  chess  bish- 
op. 


cjiy 


—  434 


c;iyr|a  [sluga]  tn  -ri,  pi 
cjiyrH,  ~  servant  (also  fig); 
BepHbie  cJiyrH  faithful  servi- 
tors. 

cjiy>Kam|HH  [sluzli9sh^:iy] 
m  [pa]  -ero,  -hx  employee; 
office  worker;  rocy^apcTBeH- 
HbiH  ~HH  civil  servant. 

cjiym6\sL  [sluzhba]  /  -bi,   ~ 

1.  service,  work;  hath  na  — -y 
go  to  (one's)  work;  no  ^eJiaM 
— 'M    on     official     business; 

2.  (special)  service;  ^a  nyxH 
track  maintenance;  ^a  abh- 
meHHH    traffic    management; 

O   COCJiy»HTb   KOMy-Jl.     xopo- 

luyio  -^-y  1)  do  smb  a  good 
turn;  2)  stand  smb  in  good 
stead;  nocTaeHTb  mto-ji.  Ha 
— y  HCMy-ji.  place  smth  at 
the  service  of  smth. 

cjiy)Ke6H|biH  [sluzhebniy]  a 
1.  official  (duties,  etc);  office 
(attr)  (hours,  etc);  2.  auxil- 
iary; --oe  cjioBo  ling  form- 
-word,  functional  word. 

cjiyx|HTb  [sluzhlt^]  imperf 
-y,  cJiy>KHmb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h, 
noicjiywHTb  [pasluzhit'']  perf 
1.  work  (a^),  serve  (as);  oh 
cjiyjKHT  SyxrajixepoM  he  works 
as  an  accountant;  2.  serve, 
devote  oneself  to  the  service 
of;  ~HTb  BepoH  H  npaBAOH 
serve  faithfully;  —  Hib  HCKyc- 
CTBy  devote  oneself  to  (the 
service  of)  art;  3.  be,  serve 
(as  an  example,  etc);  be 
used  (for  a  certain  purpose  or 
as  smth); 

<^  MCM  Mory  ~HTb?  what 
can  I  do  for  you? 

cjiyx  [slukh,  -gh]  m  -a  (-y) 
1.   ear,   hearing;    tohkhh    ~ 


keen  ear;  aScojiibTHHft  '-  per- 
fect pitch;  Hrpaib  [neib]  no 
~y  play  [sing]  by  ear;  2. 
(pi  -H,  -OB)  rumour,  hearsay; 
xoAHT  —H,  qjo...  it  is  ru- 
moured that...; 
<>  OH  eecb  cSpaTMjicfl  b  ^ 
he  is  all  ears. 

cjiynalfl  [sluch^ayj  m  -h, 
-eB  1.  case,  instance;  2.:  b 
OTAeJibHbix  ~-HX  sometimes; 
AJiH  AaHHoro  ~5i  for  the  pre- 
sent instance;  b  npoiHBHOM 
~e  otherwise;  b  JiyqmeM  —e 
at  .best;  b  xyAmeM  --e  at 
worst;  b  ~e  KpaftHeft  Heo6- 
xoAHMOCTH  in  an  emergency, 
in  case  of  emergency;  3.  oc- 
casion, chance,  opportunity; 
BocnoJibsoBaTbCH  (yA66HbiM) 
~eM  seize  an  opportunity; 
4.  event,  incident,  occur- 
rence; HecHacTHbiH  '-H  acci- 
dent; c  HHM  npoH3ome;i  ne- 
c^acTHbiH  ~H  he  met  with 
an  accident;  5.  chance;  no 
cqacTJiHBOMy  -— lo  by  a  lucky 
chance; 

<>  B  -—e  Hcro-Ji.  in  case  of 
smth;  B  ~e,  ecjiH  in  case, 
if  by  chance;  hm  b  kocm  —  e 
on  no  account,  by  no  means; 
no  '-K)  HCro-ji.  on  the  occa- 
sion of  smth;  KyniiTb  no  — lo 
buy  by  chance. 

cjiynaiiHo  [sluch^ayna]  I 
adv  by  chance,  accidentally; 
OH  -'  OKaaajiCH  TaM  he  hap- 
pened to  be  there; 
II  parenth  by  any  chance; 
Bbi,  — ,  HesH^exe,  rj\e  oh?  do 
you  by  any  chance  know 
where  he  is?,  do  you  happen 
to  know  where  he  is? 


—  435  — 


CMC 


cjiyMafiH0CT|b  [sluch^ay- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -efl  1. 
chance,  fortuity,  luck;  CMa- 
CTJiHBaH  ^-b  sheer  luck;  2. 
philos  chance. 

cjiyHaHHfbifi  [sluch^aynty] 
a  sh  f  cjiynaeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  accidental,  casual,  chance 
{attr);  2.  chance  (attr),  inci- 
dental; — biH  3apa6oTOK  odd 
jobs. 

cjiyHlaxbCfl  [sluch^'attjg] 
imperf  -aexcH,  cjiyH|HTbCH 
[sluch^ittsa]  perf  -htch  1. 
happen,  occur,  come  to  pass, 
come  about;  qT6-HH6yAb  ~h- 
jiocb?  is  anything  the  mat- 
ter?; 2.  impers:  euy  [une 
u  m.  d.]  —  ajiocb  BCTpeqaxb 
ee  he  [I,  etc]  happened  to 
meet  her  from  time  to  time; 
he  [I,  etc]  used  to  meet  her. 

cjiyuiaxejilb  [slushat^iP]  m 
-fl,  pi  -H,  -efl  1.  hearer, 
listener;  pi  audience;  2.  stu- 
dent {of  some  courses,  etc); 
mil  cadet. 

cjiyiii|aTb  [slushat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiub,  nolcjiyuiaTb  [pA- 
slushat^]  perf  1.  listen  to, 
hear;  2.  (no  perf):  —  aib  jick- 
u,HH  attend  lectures;  3.  obey, 
listen  to  (advice,  etc);  4.  (no 
perf)  law  hear  (a  case); 
<>  '-aio!  hullo!  (in  answer- 
ing a  telephone  call);  bu 
—  acTe?  are  you  there?  (used 
in   telephone    conversations). 

cjiyiii|aTbCsi  [slushattsa]  f'm- 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  noicjiy- 
uiaTbcn  [pAslushatt^a]  perf 
obey;  listen  to,  take,  follow 
(advice,  instruction,  etc). 

cjibiiuiaTb  [sHshaf'l  imperf 


-y,  -rnub,  p  -aji,  yicjibimaTb 
[usHshat^]  per/  1.  hear  (smth, 
smb);  2.  (no  perf)  hear  (well, 
etc);  OH  n/ioxo  -~ht  he  is 
hard  of  hearing;  3.  hear  (of), 
get  news,  be  told  (of);  66jib- 
me  o  HCM  He  -'ajiH  he  was 
no  more  heard  of;  h  -—aji, 
qio  Bbi  yea^aexe  I  hear 
you're  leaving. 

cjiiOHJa  [s^Puna]  /  -b'l  sa- 
liva. 

cjik)h|h  [s*Pun^i]  pi  -eft 
col  slobber;  nycKaxb  ~h 
slobber;  —h  TCKyi  his  [her, 
etc]  mouth  is  watering. 

cjiMKOTJb  [s^'Pakat'',  -d*']  / 
-H  slush,  mire. 

CMasaxb  see  cMasbmaxb, 

CMasbiBJaxb  [smazivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  CMaslaxb 
[smazat^]  perf  cMa>Ky,  cMa- 
sceuib,  p  -aji,  imp  CMascb 
1.  grease,  oil,  lubricate; 
—  axb  HOAOM  paint  with  io- 
dine; 2.  fig  col  slur  over 
(a  question,  etc). 

cMaKJOBaxb  [smakAvat^] 
imperf  -yK),  -yemb,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -yfl  col  savour,  relish 
(also  fig). 

cMejiH  [s^m^i^l^i]  imp  of 
CMOJioTb;  see  MOJioxb. 

CMejiocx|b  [s^m^elas^'t'*, 
-z^d^]  /  -H  boldness,  courage, 
audacity; 

<>    B3flXb     HE     ce6H     — b    Cfle- 

jiaxb  Hxo-ji.  take  the  liberty 
of  doing  smth;  ^b  ropoAa 
6epex  prov  ^  fortune  fa- 
vours the  brave. 

CMeji|bifl  [s^m'^eUy]  a  sh  f 
'-,  -a,  -o,  -bi  bold,  coura- 
geous, daring,  audacious. 


CMC 


436 


cMCJiib  [s^m^'i^l^u],  cmc- 
fleiiib  [s^m^'el^ish,  -zh]  1st 
&  2nd  persons  of  cMOJioTb; 
see  MOJioTb. 

CMeHJa  [s^m^ena]  /  -bi,  — - 
1.  change,  changing;  replace- 
ment {the  act  of);  2.  shift 
(in  a  factory,  school,  etc); 
3.  young  /  rising  generation; 
roTOBHTb  ce6e  — y  prepare 
one's  successors;  4.:  ~a 
6ejibH  change  of  linen  [un- 
derwear, clothes]; 
<>  Ha  ~y  KOMy-ji.  to  replace 
smb. 

CMCHHTb    see   CMeH^Tb. 

CMeHJnTb  [s^m^i^n^at^l /m- 
perf  -HK),  -Hemb,  cMeH|MTb 
[s^m^i^n^it^]    perf    -ib,    cmc- 

HHUIb,     p      -HJl,     imp      -H      1. 

change,  replace;  2.  replace 
(smb  for  a  time);  take  over 
for  (smb); 

<0>  CMCHHTb  rnee  na  MHJiocTb 
^  let  mercy    season   justice. 

CMCpKldrbCJi  [s^m^i^rkattsa] 
imperf  -aeicH  impers  get 
dark. 

CMepT6jibH|biH  [s^'m^i^rt^eP- 
niy]  a  sh  f  cMepiejien,  -a, 
-o,  -bi'  1.  mortal,  deadly;  fa- 
tal {wound,  etc);  2.  fig  ex- 
cessive, extreme  {boredom, 
etc). 

cMepTH|biH  [s^m^'ertniy]  I 
a  sh  f  cMepTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  mortal  {of  man);  2.  death 
{attr);  —an  KasHb  capital 
punishment; 

W  as  a  noun  cMepTH|biH 
m  -oro,  -bix  mortal. 

cMepT|b  [s^'m^'ert^,  -d'']  / 
-H,  -eft  death;  HacHJibCTeen- 
Haa  -^b  violent  death; 


<>  Ha  BOjiocoK  OT  ~H  vvithin 
a  hair's  breadth  of  death; 
6biTb    npH    CMepTH  be  dying. 

cMec|b  [s^m^es^,  -z^]  /  -h, 
-efi  mixture,  compound;  med- 
ley, jumble. 

CMerja  [s^'m^'eta]  /  -bi,  ~ 
estimate  {of  expenditure  and 
income). 

CMeraHla  [s^m^i^tana]  /  -bi 
smetana     {thick   sour  cream). 

CMexb  [s^m^ef"]  imperf 
CMCK),  cMeeuib,  noxMeTb  [pA- 
s^m^et^]  perf  1.  dare;  be 
bold  enough;  He  CMefixe  SToro 
APJiaxb!  don't  you  dare  do 
it!;  2.:  He -- have  no  right  (/o 
do  smth). 

CMCX  [s^m^'ekh,  -gh]  m  -a 
(-y)  laughter,  laugh; 
<>  eMy  He  ao  —a  he  is  in  no 
mood  for  laughter;  6e3  —y 
col  jokes  apart;  -~a  paAH  col 
for  the  sake  of  fun,  in  jest; 
'-'  fla  H  TOJibKo  col  ^  it's 
enough  to  make  a  cat  laugh. 

cMeuiaHHJbiH  [s^'m^eshaniy] 
a  [pa]  mixed,  miscellaneous; 
joint  {commission,  etc). 

CMemarb  see  cMeiiiHBaTb  & 
Memaxb  II  2,  3. 

CMeiuarbCfl      see       CMeuiH- 

BaXbCH. 

CMeujHB|aTb  [s'^m^eshfvat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  CMe- 
ui|aTb  [s^'m^i^shat^]  perf -aio, 
-aemb-  1.  mix  (up),  mingle, 
blend;  2.  lump  together, 
bring  in  disorder;  3.  confuse, 
confound,  mix  (up). 

CMeuiMBjaTbcsi  [s^m'^eshi- 
vattja]  imperf  -awcb,  -aemb- 
CH,  cMeuj|aTbC5i  [s^'m^i^sha- 
ttja]  perf  -aiocb,  -aeujbCH  get 


437 


CMy 


mixed,  mix,  mingle,  blend; 
be  mixed;  cMeiuaxbCH  c  toji- 
noH  mingle  in  the  crowd. 

CMeuiHJOH  [s^'m^'i^shnoy]  a 
sh  f  CMemoH,  -a,  -6,  -bi  1. 
ridiculous,  ludicrous;  2.  fun- 
ny; B  3T0M  Hex  HH^ero  ~6ro 
it's  no  laughing  matter; 
<>  AO  ~6ro  to  the  point  of 
absurdity. 

CMel^TbCJi  [s^'m^i^yattsa] 
imperf  -ibcb,  -eiubCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  CMeftcH,  CMeflxecb 
1.  laugh  {when  amused,  ete)\ 
chuckle;  2.:  —nxbCH  na^  KeM- 
-jih6o  laugh  at  smb;  mock  at 
smb.  make  fun  of  smb; 
<>  xopoiiio  --excfl  xox,  kto 
— excji  nocjieAHHM  prov  he 
laughs  best   who  laughs  last. 

cMHpHo  [s^'m^irna]  adv 
1.  quietly,  still;  2.:  — I 
attention!,  'shun!  (a  military 
command). 

CMHpH|biH  [s^m^irniy]  a 
sh  f  cMHpeH  (cMHpeH),  -a,  -o, 
-bi  quiet,  mild,  tame,  gen- 
tle. 

CMOJi|a  [smAla]  /  -bi,  pi 
cMOJibi,  —  resin;  pitch,  tar. 

cMOJioxb  see  MOJioxb. 

cMOpK|axbcsi  [sniArkattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  bm- 
cMopK|axbcsi  [vtsmarkattja] 
per}  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH  blow 
one's  nose. 

cM0p6AHH|a  [smArod^ina]  / 
-bi  currant(s);  currant  shrubs. 

CMopu^HXb    see  Mopmnxb  2. 

CMOpU^HXbCfl  see  MOpmHXb- 
C5I   2. 

CMOTp  [smotr]  m  -a,  pi  -bi, 
-OB  1.  (pi  -bi,  -6b)  review  (of 
forces,  etc);    2,;    -'    xy^OXie- 


cxeeHHOH  caMo;;eHxejibHOcxH 
festival  of  amateur  arts. 

CMoxp|exb  [smAtr^et^]  im- 
perf -K),  CMOXpHUIb,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H,  noicMOxpexb  [p9- 
smAtr^et^]  perf  1.  look  (at); 
cMoxpexb  b  okh6  look  out  of 
the  window;  CMoxp^xb  BCJie;t 
KOMy-ji.  follow  smb  with 
one's  eyes;  2.  look  (after), 
take  care  (of);  cMoxpexb  aa 
pa66xaMH  superintend  work; 
CMoxpexb  3  a  nopHAKOM  keep 
order;  3.  look-through  (mag- 
azines, etc);  4.  see  (a  film, 
performance,  etc);  watch  (a 
TV  program,  etc);  5.  exam- 
ine (a  patient);  6.  (no  perf) 
fig  follow  smb's  example, 
imitate;  He  --h  Ha  nero  nev- 
er mind  him;  he  is  no  exam- 
ple for  you  to  follow; 
7.  (no  perf)  face,  look  (into, 
on,  over);  aom  CMOxpHX  na 
yjiHuy  the  house  faces  the 
street;  8.  (no  perf):  '~'H(xe)I 
look  out!,  take  care!;  —h 
He...  take  care  not  to  (fall, 
etc),  mind  you  don't  (lose  it, 
etc); 

<0>  CMoxpetb  B  rjiasa  onac- 
HocxH  look  danger  in  the 
face;  KaK  Bbi  Ha  axo  CMOxpn- 
xe?  what  do  you  think  of 
it?;  ~H  y  MeH«!  you  dare!; 
^H,  KaK  6bi  xy«e  He  6wjio 
see  smth  worse  doesn't  hap- 
peo. 

cMOHb  see  Moqb. 

CMyrji|biH  [smugliy]  a  sh  f; 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  dark,  dark- 
-complexioned,  swarthy. 

cMyxHxb  see  CMymaxb. 

CMyxHTbCfl  see   cMyu^arbCJi, 


CMy 


—  438  — 


CMymjaib  [smush^'iat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  cwyr  htb 
[smut^it'']  perf  CMymy,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  confuse, 
embarrass;  2.  disturb,  trou- 
ble; ~aTb  AyiueBHbiH  noKoft 
disturb    tlie    peace   of  mind. 

CMyiu,|aTbCfl  [smush^:atts9] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  cMy- 
TjMTbCH  [smut^ittja]  perf 
CMymycb,  -HLUbCH,  p  -h;ich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  be 
confused,  be  embarrassed; 
get  confused,  get  embar- 
rassed. 

cMbicji  [smisl]  m  -a  (-y) 
1.  sense,  meaning;  ue  HMeib 
•—a  make  no  sense;  Becb  — 
B  TOM,  HTO...  the  point  is 
that...;  B  H3BecTH0M  ~e  in  a 
sense;  2.  sense,  point  (m,  of 
doing  smth)\  ue  HMeei  ~a 
(it)  is  of  no  use; 
<>  sApaBbiH  —  common  sense; 
B  no.iHGM  --e  cjioea  in 
the  true  sense  of  the  word; 
B  -'C  as  regards,  in  rela- 
tion to. 

CMUHJOK  [smkh^'ok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  bow  {for  playing 
the  violin,  etc). 

cMflrHJaTb  [s^'m^'i^khch^at'^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  CMflrM|HTb 
[s'^m^i^khch^it'']  perf  -y, 
-Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  soften; 
mollify;  allay;  tone  down; 
mitigate;  —axb  npHroBop 
commute  a  sentence;  -— axb 
yAap  cushion  the  blow; 
—• axb  HanpjjjKeHHe  ease  ten- 
sion; ~aTb  6ojib  soothe 
pain. 

cMflTeHHJe  [s'^m^i^t^en^'iya] 
n  -a    1.    commotion,   pertur- 


bation; npHBO/iHTb  B  ~e  per- 
turb; 2.  confusion,  disarray. 

CMJlTb    see   MHTb    2. 
CMflTbCM    see    MHTbCH    1. 

CHa  [sna],  chob  [snof,  -v] 
see  coH. 

CHa6AHTb  see  CHa6>KaTb. 

cHa6>K|aTb  [snAbzhat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiiib,  cHa6A|HTb 
[snAbd^it^]  perf  CHa6>Ky, 
-Hujb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  supply 
{with),  provide  {with),  fur- 
nish {with). 

CHa6}KeHH|e  [snAbzhen^iya] 
n  -H  supply,  provision. 

cHapy^H  [snAruzhf]  adv 
from  the  outside;  on  the 
outside. 

.  CHapflfl  [snAr^at,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  mil  projectile;  (artil- 
lery) shell;  ynpaBjineMbiH  ^ 
guided  missile;  2.  spor/ gym- 
nastic apparatus. 

cHapfl»eHH|e  [snar^i^zhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h  equipment,  out- 
fit. 

cHanajia  [snAch^ala]  adv 
1.  firstly,  at  first;  first  {be- 
fore some  other  thing);  from/ 
at  the  beginning;  2.  all  over 
again. 

CHer  [s^'n^'ek,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -a,   -OB  snow; 
<>  KaK  ~  Ha   rojioBy   col  = 
like  a  bolt   from  the  blue. 

CHerHplb  [s'^n^i'^g^'ir'*]  m 
-H,  -eft  bullfinch. 

CHeronaA  [s^n^igApat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  snow-fall. 

cHejKHHKa  [s^n'M^zhlnka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  snow-flake. 

CHecTH  see   CHOCHXb  &  Hec- 

TH    6. 

cHecTHCb  see  HecxHCb  3. 


—  439  — 


CHH 


cHHjKJaTb  [s^n^izhat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  cHHaJHTb 
[s^n^iz^it'']  perf  CHHJKy,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -b  1.  bring  down, 
lower,  make  lower;  2.  reduce 
{speed,  one's  expenditure,  etc); 
lower,  cut  {prices,  etcu 

CHHJKiaTbCfl  [s^'n^izhattsa] 
imperf  -awcb,  -aeuibcn,  chh- 
3|HTbC5i      [s^n^iz^ittsa]     perf 

CHH>KyCb,      -HmbCH,      p      -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  1.  go 
down;  come  down  {both  to  a 
lower  place);  2.  be  reduced 
{of  prices,  etc);  3.  sink  {of 
the  water  level,  etc);  fall  {of 
temperature,  etc). 

cHH}KeHH|e  [s^n^izhen^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  lowering;  drop,  fall; 
reduction  {of  prices,  etc);  ~e 
ypoBHH  npoHSBOACTBa  drop  in 
production. 

CHHSHTb    see  CHHJKaib. 
CHMSHTbeJI     see     CHHJKaXbCH. 

CHHsy  [s^n^izu]  adv  1.  from 
below;  BxopaH  cipoKa  ~  the 
second  line  from  the  bottom; 
-~  BBepx  upwards;  2.  on  the 
initiative  of  the  masses;  Kpn- 
THKa  —  criticism  from  below; 
<>  ~  AOBcpxy  from  top  to 
bottom, 

CHHMJaTb  [s^n^imat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  CHfl|Tb 
[s^n^at^]    perf    cHHMy,     chh- 

MeiUb,    p    -Jl,    -Jia,    CHHJIO,    CHH- 

jiH,  imp  CHHMH  1.  take  down 
{a  picture  from  the  wall,  etc); 
take  off  {one's  clothes,  the 
cream,  etc);  remove  {an  item 
from  the  agenda,  etc);  2.: 
'-axb  ocaAy  raise  the  siege; 
-—aTb  aanpex  lift  a  ban;  —axb 
c    ce6H    OTBCTCTBeHHocTb    de- 


cline all  responsibility;  — axb 
npeA.'ioHceHHe  withdraw  one's 
motion;  3.:  -^axb  ypo^afi 
reap  /  gather  in  the  harvest; 
4.:  ~aTb  KonHK)  make  a  copy 
{of  a  document,  etc);  ---aTb 
MepKy  c  Koro-Ji.  take  smb's 
measurements;  5.  photograph, 
take  pictures;  ~aTb  (JjHJibM 
film)  shoot  a  film;  6.  rent, 
take  (on  lease); 
<>  — axb  c  ywera  strike  off 
the  register;  —axb  noKasa- 
HHsi  c  Koro-ji.  take  smb's 
evidence;  KaK  pyKOH  chsijio 
col  ^  it  vanished  as  if  by 
magic  {of  pain,  etc). 

cHMMJaxbCH  [s^n^imattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH, 
cHfl|xbCfl  fs^n^attja]  perf  chh- 

MyCb,  CHHMeUIbCH,  p  -JICH, 
-JiaCb,      imp     CHHMHCb,    CHHMH- 

xecb  1.:  KpbiuiKa  JierKo  '-aex- 
CH  the  lid  can  be  easily  re- 
moved; -— axbCH  c  HKopH  weigh 
anchor;  2.  have  one's  photo- 
graph   taken; 

<>  —  axbcfl  c  ynera  be  struck 
off  the  register. 

CHHMH  [s^'n^im'i]  imp  of 
CHHXb;  see  CHHMaxb. 

CHHMHCb  [s^n^im'is^,  -z^], 
cHHMHxecb  [s^n^im^it^is^,  -z^j 
imp    of    cHHXbCH;     see    chh- 

MaXbCH. 

CHHMJOK  [s^n^'imak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  photograph,  picture. 

CHHMy  [s'n^imu],  CHHMeuib 
(s'^n'^im^ish,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  CHHXb;  see  CHHMaxb. 

CHHMycb  Is^n^imus*",  -z^], 
cHHMeuibCH  [s^n^im''ishs*'aj 
l^t  &  2nd  persons  of  cHflxbca; 
see  CHHMaxbca. 


CHH 


—  440  — 


cHHCxo;iHTe;ibH|biH  [s^n^is- 
khAd^it^il^nty]  a  sh  f  chhcxo- 
AHTejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  conde- 
scending; 2.  indulgent,  leni- 
ent. 

CHHJTbCfl  [s^n^ittja]  imperf 
-TCH,  p  -JiCH,  -jiacb:  eMy  [eft 
u  m.  d.]  —Jiocb,  qxo...  he 
[she,  etc]  dreamt  that...  {dar- 
ing sleep);  eMy  [eft  urn.  d.] 
^jiCH  coH  he  [she,  etc]  had 
a  dream. 

CHOBa  [snova]  adv  anew, 
again,  over  again;  naqaxb  -— 
begin  all  over  again. 

CHon  [snop,  -b]  m  -a,  -6b 
1.  sheaf  {of  grain);  2.  fig 
shaft,  beam  {of  light). 

CHOcjHTb  [snAs'^it'']  imperf 
CHomy,  CHOCHiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  cHeclxH  [s'^n^i^s^'t^'i]  perf 
-y,  -euib,  p  CHec,  -Jia,  imp 
-11  1.  {no  imperf)  take  (a  letter 
to  the  post-office,  etc);  2.  take 
{downstairs,  etc);  3.  blow  off 
{a  roof,  etc,  said  of  a  storm, 
etc);  carry  /  sweep  away  {a 
dam,  etc,  said  of  floods,  etc); 
4.  tear  /  take/ pull  down  (o/d 
houses,  etc);  5.  fig  endure, 
bear,  put  up  with. 

cH6c|Ka  [snoska]  /  -kh,  -ok 
foot-note. 

CH6cH|biH  [snosniy]  a  sh  f 
CHOceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  tolerable, 
fairly  good. 

CHJITb    see   CHHMaTb. 
CHflTbCfl    see  CHHMaTbCH. 

CO  see  c. 

CO  ,,  see  c... 

co6aK|a  [sAbaka]  /  -h,  ~ 
dog  {an  animal);  roHwaa  —a 
hound;  -^a-HmeftKa  sleuth- 
-hound; 


<>  ~a  Ha  ccHe  dog  in  the 
manger;  ycxaji  khk  ~a  col 
he  is  dog-tired;  oh  Ha  sxom 
~y  cbcji  col  ^  he  knows  it 
inside  out;  box  r^e  —a  sa- 
pbixa  col  =  there's  the  rub, 
that's  where  the  shoe  pinches. 
coSeceflHHK  [sab^'i^s^ed''- 
n^'ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  interlocu- 
tor;  OH  HHXepeCHblft  [CKyHHblft] 

—  he  is  good  [bad]  company. 

co6Hp|axb  [sab'^irat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiJb;  co6p|axb 
[sAbrat^]  perf  co6epy,  co6e- 
peiiib,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH, 
imp  co6epH  1.  gather  (togeth- 
er), collect;  --axb  ypojKafl 
reap  /  gather  in  the  harvest; 
2.  convoke,  convene;  3.  as- 
semble {a  machine,  etc);  4.: 
~-axb  Koro-Ji.  B  Aopory  /  b  nyxb 
equip/  fit  out  smb  for  a  jour- 
ney; 5.  collect  (/)  faxes,  etc; 
2)  stamps,  etc);  ~axb  rojioca 
collect  votes;  canvass  votes; 
co6paxb  KBopyM  muster  a  quo- 
rum; 6.  col:  ~-axb  na  cxoji 
lay  the  table;  7.;  coSpaxb 
Bce  CBoe  My>KecxBO  muster  up 
one's  courage;  co6paxb  nocjieA- 
HHe  CHJibi  gather  one's  last 
strength. 

co6Hp|axbCji  [sab^irattsa] 
imperf  -awcb,  -aeiiibCH,  co- 
SplaxbCJi  [sAbrattja]  perf  co- 
6epycb,  co6epembCH,  p  -a;ica, 
-ajiacb,  -aji6cb(-ajiocb),  -ajiftcb 
(-ajiHCb),  imp  co6epHCb,  co6e- 
pftxecb  1.  gather,  assemble, 
meet;  2.  intend,  be  going  {to 
do  smth);  be  aboul  {to  do 
smth);  perf  also  make  up  one's 
mind  {to  do  smth);  3.:  co- 
6paxbCH    c   AyxoM   screw    up 


441  — 


COB 


enough  courage,  pluck  up 
one's  courage/  spirits;  co6paTb- 
CH  c  cHJiaMH  summon  enough 
strength;  ~aTfaCH  c  mbicjijimh 
collect  one's   thoughts. 

C06jia3HHTeJIbH|blfl[S9blAZ^- 

n^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f  co6jia3- 
HHTCJieH,  -a,  -o,  -h\  1.  seduc- 
tive, seducing;  2.  tempting, 
alluring. 

co6jia3HHTb  see  coSjiasH^xb. 

co6jia3Hi«Tb  [sablAz^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  coSjias- 
H|MTb  [sablAz^n^'it^]  perf  -kd, 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  entice, 
allure,  tempt;  2.  seduce. 

co6jiK);i|aTb  [sabPudat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  coSjiiocth 
[sabPus^t^i]  perf  co6jiioAy, 
co6jiK)Aemb,  p  co6jik)ji,  co- 
6jiiojia,  imp  co6jiioah  observe 
(the  law,  traditions,  etc);  keep 
(the  order,  etc);  --axb  AHCTy 
keep  a  diet. 

co66h  [sAboy]  instr  of  ce6A. 

co6ojie3HOBaHH|e  [sabAl^ez- 
navan^iya]  n  -h,  -if  condo- 
lence; BbipasHTb  — e  present 
one's  condolences. 

c66ojilb  [sobal^]  m  -h,  pi 
-H  (-H),  -eH  sable  (animal 
and  fur). 

co66p  [sAbor]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
cathedral;  2.  hist  council, 
synod. 

G06610  [sAboyu]  instr  of 
ce6H. 

co6paHHle  [sAbran^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  meeting,  gathering; 

2.  assembly  (a  state  organ); 
3aKOHO;HaTejibHoe  '— e  legisla- 
tive assembly;  yqpeAHTejib- 
Hoe  — e  constituent  assembly; 

3.  collection   (of   paintings, 


etc);  ~e  co^HHeHHA  collected 
v^orks;  noJiHoe  ~e  coHHHeHHfi 
complete  works. 

co6paTb  see  co6HpaTb. 

co6paTbCJi  see   co6HpaTbCH. 

c66cTBeHHOCT  b  [sobstv^i- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h  1.  prop- 
erty (possessions  collective- 
ly);  2.  ownership. 

c66cTBeHH|biH  [sobstv^miy] 
a  (one's)  own;  ~biMH  pyxaMH 
with  one's  own  hands;  no 
~0My  jKejiaHHK)  of  one's  own 
free  will; 

<)-  HMH  o-oe/mg"  proper  name; 
~0H  nepcoHOH  in  person; 
B  --OM  CMwcjie  in  the  true 
sense. 

co6biTH|e  [sAbft^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  event,  development;  no- 
cJieAHHe  —  H  latest  develop- 
ments. 

co6bib  [sAb^yu],  co6beuib 
[sAb^yosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  c6inb;  see  c6HBaTb. 

co6bK)Cb  [sAb^yus'',  -z^], 
co6bembcfl  [sAb^yoshs^a]  1st 
&  2nd  persons  of  c6HTbCH;  see 

c6HBaTbCH. 

COB  I  a  [sAva]  /  -bi,  pi  cobm, 
--  owl  (a  bird). 

coBepui|aTb  [say^i^rshat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  coBcp- 
m|HTb  [sav^i^rshtt^]  perf  -y, 
-HUib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  accom- 
plish, perform  (a  feat,  etc); 
commit  (a  crime,  mistake, 
etc);  -^axb  nyxemecTBHe  go 
on  a  trip  /  journey;  go  on  a 
voyage. 

coBepui^HHO  [sav^i^rshenna] 
adv  absolutely,  quite,  totally; 
--  He3HaK6MbiH  qejiOBCK  per- 
fect /  utter  stranger;  3to  ^  He- 


COB 


-  442  — 


bo3m6}kho  it's  out  of  the  ques- 
tion. 

coBepuieHHOjieTHHH  [sav^ir- 
shanAl^et^'n^'iy]  adult,  of  the 
full   legal  age. 

coBcpiuetiHlbiH  I  [sav^i^r- 
shenniy]  a  sh  f  coBepmeHeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  perfect,  most 
excellent;  2.  absolute,  com- 
plete, Utter. 

COBepIUeHHUH  II  [s9v'i^- 
shenniy]  a  ling:  ^  bha  per- 
fective aspect. 

coBepuieHCTB  1  oBaxb  [sav^  i^r- 
shenstyvat^]  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yfl, 
y  icoBepiueHCTBOBaTb  [usav^  i^r- 
shenstyvat^]  perf  perfect,  im- 
prove. 

coBepuiiiTb   see   coBepuiaTb. 

coBecTJb  [sov^is^t*',  -z^d**]/ 
-H  conscience;  HeMHCTan  —  b 
guilty  conscience;  yrpbiaeHHH 
~H  pangs  of  conscience  /  re- 
morse; 

•O*    flJIM     OMHCTKH      ~H     Col    for 

conscience's  sake;    6e3  saspe- 
HHfi  --H  col    shamelessly;  no 
^H  roBopfl  to  be  honest. 
coBex  [sAv^et,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  advice,  counsel;  no  ero  -— y 
on  his  advice;  nocjiymaxbCH 
Mbero-ji.'-a  take  smb'sadvice; 

2.  council;  CoBex  BeaonacHO- 
cxH  Security  Council;  3.  Soviet 
{the,  organ  of  state  govern- 
ment in  the  USSR}',  Cobcx 
flenyxaxoB  xpyAH^HXCH  Soviet 
of  Working  People's  Deputies; 
BepxoBHbiH  CoBex  CCCP  Su- 
preme Soviet  of  the  USSR; 
CoBex  CoK)3a  Soviet  of  the 
Union;  Cobcx  HauHonajibHo- 
cxeH  Soviet  of  Nationalities. 


coBex|oBaxb  [sAv^etavat**] 
imperf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yft,  nojcoBexoBaxb  [pa- 
sAv^etavat^]  perf  advise;  give 
advice;  counsel. 

coBex|oBaxbCfi  [sAv^etava- 
ttsa]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yeuibCH, 
p  -OBajicH,  -0Bajiacb,Wmp  -yft- 
CH,  -yflxecb,  nojcoBexoBaxbcsi 
[pasAV^'etavattja]  perf  1.  con- 
sult (smfe);  seek  advice/ coun- 
sel; 2.  put   together  heads. 

C0BexcK|HH  [sAv^etsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Soviet  (attr). 

coBcmaHHle  [sav^i^sh^-.a- 
n'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  conference, 
meeting^  (of  official,  etc,  to 
discuss  smthy,  npoHSBOACxBen- 
Hoe  ~-e   production  meeting. 

coBemaxejibHbiH[sav^i^sh^:a- 
t^il^'niy]  a  consultative,  de- 
liberative; -^  rojioc  deliber- 
ative  vote. 

coBemjaxbCji  [sav^i^sh':a- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibca 
confer  (with),  consult  (with). 

coBMccxHxejibcxB|o  [sav- 
m*'i^s''t^it*'iPstva]  n  -a  plural- 
ism (the  holding  by  one  per- 
son of  more  than  one  office)-, 
pa66xaxb  no  -'y  pluraiize. 

coBMecxHXb  see  coBMemaxb. 

coBMecxH|biH  [sAvm^'esnty] 
a  sh  f  coBMecxeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
joint,  combined;  --an  pa66xa 
team-work;  -—oe  o6yMeHHe 
co-education. 

coBMem|axb  [savm^'i^- 

sh^:at^]  imperf  -ara,  -aemb, 
coBMecx|Hxb  [savm^i^s^t^'it''] 
perf  coBMemy,  -HUJb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  combine  (work 
with  study,  etc);  2.  pluraiize 
(hold  more  than   one   office). 


443  — 


dtor 


coBHapxos  [s9vnArkh6s,  -z] 
m  -a,  -OB  (=coBeT  HapoAHoro 
xo3HHCTBa)  Council  of  Nation- 
al Economy. 

coBOKynHocT|b  [savAkup- 
nas^t^,  -z^d**]  /  -h  totality, 
the  aggregate,  the  sum  to- 
tal. 

coenaAiaTb  [safpAdat^]  im- 
perf  -aex,  coBna|cTb  [sa- 
fpas^t^]  perf  -act,  p  -Ji  coin- 
cide {with),  concur  {with). 

coBpaxb  see  Bpaxb. 

coBpeMCHHHK  [s9vr'i^m^en^- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  contem- 
porary. 

C0BpeMeHH|biH  [savr^i^m^en- 
n*y]  a  sh  f  coBpeMeHCH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  contemporary  {liter- 
ature, etc);  ~-oe  noJioHceHHe 
present  situation;  2.  modern, 
up-to-date. 

coBceM  [sAfs^em]  adv  quite, 
entirely;  —  He  to  nothing 
of  the  kind;  '—  He  to,  mto  h 
xoTeji  not  in  the  least  what 
I  wanted;  —  hct  not  at  all; 
OH  He  —  noHHMaex  sto  he 
does  not  quite  understand  it; 
OH  --  He  noHHMaeT  sToro  he 
does  not  understand  it  at  all; 

—  HOBbiH  brand-new;  yexaTb 

—  leave /go    away   for  good. 
coBXos  [sAfkhos,    -z]  m  -a, 

-OB  state  farm. 

COBbH)      [SAV^yU],      COBbeuib 

[sAv^ydsh,  -zh]  1st  &:  2nd  per- 
sons  of  CBHTb;    see    BHTb. 

corjiacH|e  [sAglas^iya]  n  -h 
1.  consent,,  assent;  MOJiqa- 
HHe  —  3HaK  '-fl  silence  gives 
consent;  c  66inero  — 'H  by 
common  consent;  2.  accord, 
concord,  harmony. 


corjiacHTbc«  see  corjia- 
maTbCH . 

corjiacHo  [sAglasnaJ  prep 
with  dat  according  to;  under 
{some  law,  etc). 

corjiacHbiH  I  [sAglasnIy]  a 
ling  consonant. 

corjiacH|biH  II  [sAglasnty] 
a  sh  f  corjiaceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  {only  sh  f)  predic:  h  [tw 
u  m.  d.]  corjiacen  Ha  sto 
I  [you,  etc]  agree  to  it;  h  [tm 
u  m.  d.]  corjiacen  CAeJiaTb 
3T0  I  am  [you  are,  etc]  ready 
to  do  it;  2.  {only  sh  f)  pred- 
ic: 6biTb  ~biM  agree  {with 
smb,  smthy,  h  corjiacen  c  hhm 
I  agree  with  him;  3.  harmo- 
nious, concordant. 

corjiacoBaxb  see  corJiacoBW- 
BaTb. 

corjiacoBbiBlaxb  [saglAsovi- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  co- 
rjiac|0BaTb  [saglasAvat^]  perf 
-yio,  -yemb,  p  -OBa.n,  imp 
-yft  1.  co-ordinate  {one's  ac- 
tions, etc);  2.  seek  agreement 
{with  smb  about  smth);  co- 
FJiacosaTb  Bonpoc  c  kcm-ji. 
come  to-  an  agreement  with 
smb  on  a  matter. 

corjiaiujaTbcfl  [saglAshattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  :aembCH,  co- 
rjiacJHTbCJi  [saglAS^ittja]  per/ 
corjiaiuycb,  -HUibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  1. 
agree  {to),  consent  {to);  2. 
agree  {with),  concur  {with); 
concede  {to  smb);  corjiacH- 
Tecb,  HTO...  you  must  admit 
that... 

corjiauieHH|e  [saglAshe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  agreement, 
understanding;    npHxoAHTb   k 


cor 


444 


-— K)  come  to  an  agreement; 
come  to  terms;  2.  agreement, 
covenant;  saKjnomiTb  -^e  sign 
an  agreement. 

corHyxb  see  rHyxb  1. 

corHyrbCfl    see    crHfiaibCH. 

corpeBjaTb  [s^gr^i^vat^J 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  corp|eTb 
[sAgr^et^l  perf  -eio,  -eeuib 
warm,  heat. 

corpeBlaxbCJi  [sagr'^i^va- 
ttj8]  imperf  -aiccb,  -aeiiibCH, 
corpjeTbcfl  [sAgr^ettja]  perf 
-eiocb,  -eeujbCH  warm  oneself, 
warm  up,  grow  warm. 

corpexb  see  corpesaxb. 

corpexbcsi  see  corpesaxbCH. 

c6fl|a  [soda]  /  -bi  chem 
soda;  nHXbeBan  —a  baking 
soda. 

cojieHCXBMle  [sAd^eys^t^- 
v^iya]  n  -h  assistance,  good 
offices. 

coAeHcxBloBaxb  [sAd^eyst- 
yvat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yemb,  p  -osaji,  imp  -yft  as- 
sist, help;  promote,  contrib- 
ute (to),  make  (/or);  ^osaxb 
pasBHXHio  facilitate  develop- 
ment. 

coAepwaHHJe  [sad^i^rzha- 
n'iya]  n  1.  maintenance, 
upkeep;  pacxoAti  no  -—k) 
maintenance  costs;  2.  pay, 
salary,  wages;  oxnycK  6e3 
coxpaHeHHH  -~5i  leave  with- 
out pay;  3.  content,  sub- 
stance; 4.  contents  {of  a  play, 
etc);  subject-matter,  5.  con- 
tent (the  amount  contained); 
~e  aojioxa  the  gold  content; 
<>  6bixb  Ha  ~H  y  Koro-Ji.  be 
kept  /  supported  by  smb. 

coAep»|axb    [sad'^i^rzhat''] 


imperf  -y,  coAepjKHiUb,  p  -aji, 
imp  -H  1.  keep,  maintain, 
support,  provide  for;  2.  con- 
tain (chemical  substances, 
useful  informMtion,  etc); 
3.  keep  (in  order,  etc);  ~-axb 
B  HcnpaBHOcxH  keep  in  work- 
ing order;  4.:  ~axb  a  xiopb- 
Me  [noA  cxpa>KeH]  keep  in 
prison  [under   arrest]. 

coeflHHeHHle  [sayid^'in^'e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  joining, 
junction;  combination,  join- 
ing together;  mccxo  —h 
joint,  junction;  2.  chem  com- 
bination; 3.  mil  forma- 
tion. 

coeAMHHXb    see    coeAHHHxb. 

coeAHHHxbcsi      see      coeAH- 

HHXbCH. 

cocAHHinxb  [sayid^in^at''] 
imperf  -hk),  -Heuib,  coeAH- 
HJiiXb  [sayid^in^'it^]  perf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  unite, 
join  (the  ends  of  a  wire,  etc); 
2.  connect,  link;  3.  c/zem  com- 
bine. 

coeAHHJqxbCfl  [sayid^'in^a- 
ttsa]  imperf  -HWCb,  -neiubCH, 
coeAHH|HXbC5i  [sayid^in^'ittja] 
perf  -K)Cb,  -viuibC9i,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,      imp      -HCb,     -Hxecb 

1.  join,    form    a    junction; 

2.  get  through  (by  telephone); 

3.  unite. 
co)KajieHHie[sazhi^l^en^iya] 

n    -H,  -H    1.     regret;  Hcnbixbi- 
Baxb  — e    regret,  feel    regret; 
2.  pity,  compassion;    h3    — h 
out  of  pity; 
<>  K  ~K)  unfortunately. 

co)Kaji|exb  {sazhi^l^'et'']  im- 
perf -eK),  -eeuib  regret,  de- 
plore; OH  ~eex,  4X0   He  npH- 


445  — 


COK 


uieji  paHbiue  he  wishes  he 
had  come  earlier. 

comrii  [sAzhg^i]  imp  of 
CHce^b;  see  c^Hraxb. 

co}Krjia  [sAzhgla]  p  of 
cjKeHb;  see  Cia^Hraxb. 

co)Kry  [sAzhgu],  cojKJKeuib 
[sAzh:6sh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  per- 
sons of   cjKeqb;    see  c^Hraib. 

coiHdviH  [sAzhm^i]  imp  of 
c^axb;  see  OKHMaxb. 

cojKMy  [sAzhmu],  coJKMeuib 
[sAzhm^'osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  CH^axb;  see  c^HMaxb. 

C03KHH  [sAzhn^'i]  imp  of 
CH<axb;  see  scaxb  II. 

cojKHy  [sAzhnu],  cojKHeuib 
[sAzhn^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  c«axb;  see  ^axb  II. 

co3BaTb  see  co3biBaxb. 

cosBesAH  I  e [sAz^ v^ez^d^  iya] 
n  -H,    -H  constellation. 

coanaJBaTb  [sazdAvat^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -eiiifa,  p  -eaji,  imp 
-Baft,  C03A|aTb  [sAzdat^]  perf 
-m,  -auib,  -acx,  -ajmM, 
-aAHxe,  -aAyx,  p  cosAaJi,  -ajia, 
cosAa^no,  cosAaJiH,  imo  -aft 
1.  create  (produce);  set  up, 
establish  (a  committee,  etc); 
2.:  OH  cosAaH  ajih  axoro  he 
is  cut  out  for  it. 

co3AaHH|e  [sAzdan^iya]  n 
-H,  -ft  1.  creation,  making 
(the  process  of);  2.  creation, 
work;  3.  col  creature  (poor, 
lovely,  etc). 

cos^axb  see  cosAaeaxb. 

cosHAaTejibHJbiH  [saz^ida- 
t''iPnly[  a  sh  f  cosHAaxejien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  creative,  construc- 
tive. 

cosHaJBaTb  [saznAvat^l  im- 
perl  -K),  -euib,    p    -bslji,  imp 


-eafi  1.  realize,  understand, 
be  (fully)  aware  /  conscious 
of;  2.  recognize,  acknowl- 
edge (one's  mistakes,  etc). 

co3Ha|BaTbC{i  [saznAvattja] 
imperf  -ibcb,  -euibCH,  p  -eajicH, 
-eajiacb,  /mp-BaftcH,co3HlaTb- 
CH  [sAznattja]  perf  -aiocb, 
-aeuibCH    confess,    own    (up). 

co3HaHH|e  [sAznan^iyaJ  n 
-H  consciousness;  --e  Ac3Jira 
sense  of  duty;  '-e  bhhm 
feeling  of  guilt;  npHXOAHTb 
B    — e   recover  consciousness. 

co3HaTejibH|biH  [sAznat^'iP- 
nty]  a  sh  f  cosnaxejieH,  -a, 
-0,  -bi  1.  conscious  (being, 
etc);  2.  conscientious,  con- 
scious; ~bift  pa66qHH  class- 
-conscious  worker;  3.  delib- 
erate (deception,   etc). 

cosHaxbcji  see  cosHaBaxbCH. 

coBpeBlaxb  [sazr^i^vat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  co3p|exb 
[sAzr^et^]  perf  -ero,  -eeiiib 
ripen,  mature  (also  fig). 

cospexb  see  cospesaxb  & 
spexb. 

co3biB|aTb  [sazivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  co3B|aTb 
[sAzvat^]  perf  cososy,  co3o- 
Beiiib,  p  -aji,  -ajia,  -sljio, 
-ajiH,  imp  C030BH  call  (to- 
gether), summon;  convene, 
convoke;   invite  (guests). 

COHXH  see  cxoAHXb  I. 

COHXHCb    see   CXOAHXbCH. 

COK  [sok,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
-OB  juice  (of  fruit,  etc);  sap 
(of   a   plant); 

<>  B  nojiHOM  ~y  in  the  prime 
of  life. 

coKOji  [sokal]  m  -a,  -ob 
falcon. 


COK 


—  446 


coKpaxHTb    see  coKpamaxb. 

coKpaiujaTb  [s9krAsh^:at^] 
imperf  -afo,  -aemb,  coKpa- 
TJHTb  [sakrAt^it^]  perf  co- 
Kpamy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,   imp  -h 

1.  shorten  [a  speech,  etc); 
abridge  [a  book,  etc);  2.  re- 
duce, cut  (down),  curtail; 
coKpaxHTb  BABoe  cut  by  half; 
—  axb  uixaTbi  cut  down  the 
staff;  3.  col  dismiss,  lay  off. 

coKpameHHJe  [sskrAsh'^.e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  shortening 
{of  the  working  day,  etc); 
c  ~HMH  abridged  {hook,  etc); 

2.  reduction,      curtailment; 

3.  abbreviation;  4.  contrac- 
tion {of  muscles). 

coKpOBHmIe  [sAkrov'^ish^a] 
n  -a,  —  treasure  {also  fig); 
<>  HH  3a  KaKHe  ~a  col  not 
for  all  the  riches  in  the 
world. 

coKpyiiiHxejibH|biH  [sakru- 
shft^iPniy]  a  sh  f  coKpymH- 
xejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  shattering, 
crushing;  HaHocHXb  ^bift  y^ap 
deal    a    crushing  blow. 

cojiraxb  see  Jiraxb. 

cojiflax  [sAldat,  -d]  m  -a, 
~  soldier  {of  an  army);  pri- 
vate, man. 

cojieHbiii   [sA^oniy]  a  sh  f 

COJIOH,      COJIOHa,      COJIOHO,      c6- 

jioHbi  salt  {fish,  water,  etc); 
salty,  salted;    pickled. 

cojiH;iapHocxib  [sal'^idar- 
nas^t'',  -z'^d'']  /  -h  solidar- 
ity. 

cojiHAH|biH  [sAl'^idnty]  a 
sh  f  cojiHAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  solid,  sturdy;  2.  profound, 
deep  {knowledge,  etc);  3.  re- 
liable, sedate:  ~biH  qejioeeK 


solid  /  reliable  man;  4.  corpu- 
lent; 5.  col  considerable, 
sizable. 

cojiHcx  [sA^ist,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  soloist. 

coji|HXb  [sApit^'l  imperf  -ib, 
cojiHuib  (-Huib),  p  -HJI,  imp  -H, 
iiojcojiMXb  fpasAPit^]  perf 
1.  salt;  2.  pickle;  salt  (down). 

c6jiHeHH|biH  [soln^'ich^niy] 
a  sh  /cojineqeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  sun 
{attr);  sunny;  solar; 
<>  ~bie  nacbi  sun-dial;  —biii 
y;iap  sunstroke;  ~oe  cnjiexe- 
HHe  anat  solar  plexus. 

c6jiHu|e  [sontja]  n  -a, 
~  sun. 

cojiOB|eH  [salAv^'ey]  m  -bH, 
-bCB  nightingale. 

cojioMja  [sAloma]  /  -bi 
straw  {for  thatching,  etc). 

cojioMeHHlbiH    [sAlom^miy] 
a  straw  {attr);    —an    Kpbima 
thatch; 
<>   ~-asi  BAOBa  grass    widow. 


COJlOH  Ka 


[sAlonka] 


-OK  salt-cellar. 
cojijb     [sol^]      /     -H,     -eii 

1.  salt  {1)  used  for  season- 
ing, etc;  2)  chem);  noBa^ 
peHHan     ~b     common     salt; 

2.  fig  point  {the  main  idea 
of  a  story,  joke,  etc). 

cojibexcfl    [sAl'^yottsa]    3rd 
person    of   cjiHXbCH;    see  cjih- 

BaXbCH. 

coMHeB|axbCJi  [samn^'i^va- 
ttsa]  imnerf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH 
doubt,  be  uncertain; 
O  MOJKexe  He  — axbcn  col 
you  need  not  worry  {about), 
you  may  rely  {upon). 

coMHeHHie     [sAmn''en''iya] 
n    H,  -H  doubt;    axo  He    noj\- 


—  447 


coo 


jiemm     --lo     it     is    beyond 

doubt; 

<>    6e3    --fl  without  /  beyond 

doubt,  undoubtedly. 

coMHeTC«  [sAHin^ottsa]  3d 
person  of   CMHXbCH;  see  MHXb- 

CH. 

coMHH  [sAmn^i]  imp  of 
CMHTb;  see  mhth. 

coMHHTejibH|biH  [sAmn^i- 
t^iPniy]  a  sh  f  coMHHiejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  doubtful,  ques- 
tionable; 2.  dubious  {charac- 
ter, etc);  shady  (reputation, 
etc)i 

coMHy  [sAmnu],  coMHeiub 
[sAmn^'osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of   CMHXb;    see  MHXb. 

coH  [son]  m  cna,  pi  chm, 
CHOB  1.  sleep,  slumber;  bo 
CHe,  cKB03b  ^  in  one's  sleep; 
ero  KJioHHT  KO  CHy  he  feels 
sleepy;  2.  dream  {during 
sleep);  BHAexb  qxo-Ji.  bo  cne 
dream  about  smth  {during 
sleep); 

<>    Ha    ^    rpHAymHH  s   be- 
fore going  to  bed. 

coHHUH  [sonnty]  a  sleepy, 
drowsy. 

coo6pa3K|aTb  [sAAbrAzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  coo6pa- 
3lHTb[sAAbrAz^it^]  pert  coo6- 
pa>Ky,  'Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 
1.  consider,  ponder,  deliber- 
ate; 2.  understand  {know  or 
grasp  what  is  meant);  xo- 
pouio  ~axb  grasp  quickly; 
njioxo  ~axb  be  slow  to  grasp. 

coo6paxeHH|e  [sAAbrAzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -fir  1.  understand- 
ing, grasping;  2.  considera- 
tion, reason;  BbiCKaaaxb  cboh 
-^fl   express  one's   point    of 


view;  make  one's  observa- 
tions; y  Hero  cboh  ~h  he 
has  reasons  of  his  own. 

coo6pa3HxejibH|biH  [sAAbrA- 
z^it^iPnty]  a  sh  f  coo6pa3H- 
xejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  quickwitted, 
sharp. 

cooSpasHXb  specoo6pa^axfa. 

coo6u],a  [sAApsh^:a]  adv 
together,  jointly. 

coo6m|axb  [sAApsh^:at^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  coo6- 
u;|HTb  [sAApsh^'.it^j  perf 
-y,  -Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  re- 
port, communicate,  impart, 
inform  {of);  --axb  noAp 66- 
HocxH  give  the  details  {of); 
KaK  ~aK)x  as  it  is  report- 
ed. 

coo6ui,eHH|e  [sAApsh^'ie- 
n^iya]  n  -r,  -h  1.  report,  in- 
formation, communication; 
no  — -K)  TACC  according  to 
TASS,''TASS  reports  {that...); 
2.  communication  {railway, 
telegraphic,  etc);  service  {air, 
railway,  etc). 

cooSiJUHTb  see  coo6maxb. 

co66iu,HHK  [sA6psh^:n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  accomplice,  part- 
ner. 

coopyAHTb  see   coopyxcaxb. 

coopywjaxb  [sAAruzhat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  coopy- 
AJHTb  [sAArud^it*']  perf  coo- 
py»cy,  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
build,  erect. 

coopyHceHHJe  [sAAruzhe- 
n^\yd\n  -h,  pi  -h,  -h  1.  build- 
ing, erection  {the  process 
of);  2.  building,  structure, 
construction;  pi  also  instal- 
lations. 

COOTBeTCTBeHHO  [SAAt- 


coo 


448 


v^etst^v^inna]  I   adv   accord- 
ingly, correspondingly; 
II  prep  with  dat  in  conform- 
ity     with,      in      accordance 
with  {an  order,  etc). 

COOTBeTCTBH|e  [sAAtv^etjt^- 
v'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  accordance, 
conformity,  correspondence; 
-0>  B  ~H  c  HCM-Ji.  in  accord- 
ance with  smth. 

COOTBeTCTB|QBaTb  [SAAt- 

v^etjtyvat^]  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft 
correspond  {to,  with),  con- 
form {toy,  be  in  keeping 
{with);  --OBaTb  jteftcTBHTeJib- 
HOCTH  correspond  to  the  facts; 
—oeaTb  Ha3HaqeHHK)  answer 
the  purpose;  ^osaTb  o6cTa- 
HOBKe  fit  the  situation. 

COOTBeTCTByK)m[HH        [SAAI- 

v^etjtvuyush^:iy]  a  \pa\  -an, 
-ee,  -He  suitable,  appropriate, 
proper;  o6paTHTbCH  b  ~ee 
yqpejKAeHHe  apply  to  the 
proper  quarters;  nociynaxb 
~HM  66pa30M  act  accord- 
ingly. 

COOTCHeCTBeHHHK        [SAAt^e- 

ch^is^t''v^in*'ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
compatriot,  fellow-country- 
man. 

coOTHouieHH|e  [sAAtnAshe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  correlation; 
ratio  {of  2  to  7,  etc), 

conepHHK  [sAp^ern^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  rival;  He  HMexb 
— OB  have  no  match. 

conocTaBHTb    see  conocTae- 

JlHTb. 

conocTaBji|flTb  [sapastAv- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hk),  -neuib, 
conocraBlHTb  [sapAstav^it^] 
perf  -Jiw,    -Hiub,   p  -h;i,  imp 


-b  compare  {in  consi'dering 
smth). 

conpHKOCHOBeHH  |e  [sapr^'i- 
kasuAv'^en^iya]  n -h, -ft  1.  con- 
tiguity; 2.  mil  contact. 

conpOBO}KA|aTb  [sapravAzh- 
dat'']  imperf  -aK),  -aeiiib  ac- 
company {smb  on  his  walk, 
one's  explanations  with  ges- 
tures,   etc);    escort;    convoy, 

conpOTHBjieHHje  [saprat^iv- 
Pen^iya]  n  -h  resistance;  op- 
position, opposing. 

conpOTHBJijflTbCfl  [saprat^iv- 
l^attja]  imperf  -niocb,  -Hemb- 
Cfl  resist,  oppose;  ~HTbCH 
HaxHCKy  Bpara  stand  up  to 
the  enemy. 

cop  [sor]  m  a  (-y)  litter, 
sweeping; 

<>    BblHOCHTb    —    H3    H36bl   Col 

^  wash  one's  dirty  linen  in 
public. 

copaTHHK  [sArat^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -oB  comrade-in-arms, 
companion-in-arms. 

copBaTb  see  cpbrnaxb. 

copBaTbCM    see    cpbiBaibCH. 

copeBHOBaHH|e  [sar^ivnAva- 
n^'iya]  n  -h,  -h  1,  competi- 
tion, emulation;  2.  sport 
contest,  competition;  ot66- 
poqHbie  —H  elimination  tri- 
als; ~Ji  Ha  Ky6oK  cup  cbqi- 
petition; 

<>  cou,HajiHCTHHecKoe  ~e  so- 
cialist emulation. 

copeBH|oBaTbCfl  [sar^'ivnA- 
vattja]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yeiub- 
CH,  p  -OBajicH,  -OBajiacb,  imp 
-yHCH,  -yftjecb  compete,  emu- 
late. 

coplHTb  [sAr^'it^'l  imperf 
-K),     -HUib,    p    -HJi,    imp    -H, 


—  449  — 


HaicopHTb      [nasAF^it^]      perf 
litter,  make   litter; 
<>   —HTbfleHbraMH  co/ squan- 
der one's  money. 

copoK  [sorak,  -g]  num  card 
-a  forty. 

copOKia  [sAroka]  /  -h,  ^ 
magpie  {a  bird). 

copoKOBJoH  [sarakAvoylnum 
ord  fortieth;  —  bie  roAw 
the   forties. 

copoHJKa  [sAroch^ka]  /  -kh, 
-eK:  MyjKCKan  ~Ka  shirt; 
H^eHCKan  -~Ka  chemise;  hoh- 
HaH  ~Ka  night-dress; 
<>  po;iHTbCJi  B  ~Ke  ^  be 
born  with  a  silver  spoon  in 
one's  mouth. 

copT  [sort,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -OB  1.  quality,  grade; 
nepBoro  [sToporo]  —-a  first- 
-rate  [second-rate];  2.  sort, 
kind;  ~  Ta6aKa  brand  of  to- 
bacco. 

coc|aTb  [sAsat^]  imperf  -y, 
-euib,    p    -aji,    imp    -h    suck. 

coceA  [sAs^et,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-H,  -eft  neighbour. 

coccAHHH  [sAs^ed^n^iy]  a 
neighbouring;  next,  adjacent. 

cocHc|Ka  [sAs^iska]  /  -kh, 
-OK  sausauge;   frankfurter. 

cocKaKHB|aTb  [sAskak^'i- 
V9t^]  imperf  -aro,  -aeuib,  co- 
cKOHJHTb  FsaskAch^it^]  perf 
-y,  cocKOMHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  1.  jump  off,  jump  down; 
2.  come  off,  fall  off,  break  off. 

cocjiaTb  sec  ccbiJiaxb. 

cocjiaxbCfl  see  ccbiJiaxbCH. 

cocH|a  [sAsna]  /  -bi,  pi 
cocHbi,  coccH  pine-tree. 

cocpeAOTOHHelaxbCfl  [sasr^i- 
dAt6ch''iv9tt§8]  imperf  -aiocb, 


-aeillbCJI,         COCpCAOTOMlHTbCfl 

[sasr^idAtoch^ittjaJper/  -ycb, 
-HiubCH,  p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-bCH,  -bxecb  1.  concentrate, 
mass  (of  troops);  2.  concen- 
trate (on  a  subject,  etc). 

cocxaB  [sAstaf,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  composition  (o/ a  sufe- 
stance,  etc);     XHMHqecKHH    ^ 

1)  chemical      composition; 

2)  chemical  compound;  bxo- 
AHXb  B  ~  form  (a)  part  (of); 
2.  staff,  personnel;  composi- 
tion, membership;  qHCJieHHbiH 
— '  numerical  strength;  ko- 
MaHAHbm    —     the    comn;iand; 

PHAOBOH      H      CepH<aHXCKHH    — 

enlisted  men,  other  ranks;  --' 
HcnoJiHHxeJieft  theat  cast;  3. 
train  (on  a  railway). 

cocxaBHXb  see   cocxaejinxb. 

cocxaBJi|flXb  [sastAvPat^] 
imperf  -hk),  -aeuib,  cocxa- 
BJHXb  [sAstav^it^]  perf  -jik), 
-Hmb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h  1.  put 
together  (two  tables,  etc);  2. 
compose,  compile  (a  diction- 
ary, etc);  draw  up  (a  letter, 
plan,  etc);  form  (a  sentence', 
a  group,  etc);  make  (a  math- 
ematical table,  etc);  3.  form 
(an  opinion,  idea,  etc);  4.: 
3X0  ~5iex  TJiaBHyK)  xpyAHOcxb 
this  is  /  presents  the  main 
difficulty;  5.  amount  to,  be 
equal  to  {a  certain  number); 
—  Hxb  B  cpeAHCM  average;  axo 
-^-Hex  HJixbAecnx  pyfijiefl  it 
makes  fifty  roubles; 
<>  cocxaBHXb  KOMy-ji.  KOMna- 
HHKJ.keep  smb  company. 

cocxaBH|6H    [sastAvnoy]    a 

1.  component     (part,    etc); 

2.  compound,  composite. 


coc 


450  — 


coCTORHH  |e  [sastAyan^iya] 
n  -H,  -H  1.  state,  condition; 
MOpa.JihHoe  -^e  morale;  b  He- 
BMeHHCMOM  ~H  1)  beside  one- 
self; 2)  not  answerable  for 
one's  actions;  2.  fortune, 
wealth,  prosperity; 
<>  6biTb  B  — H  be  in  a  posi- 
tion, be  able  {to  do  smth.). 

cocTo«TejibH|biH  [sastAya- 
t^iPniy]  a  sh  f  cocTOHreJien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  well-to-do,  well- 
-off;  2.  well-grounded  {argu- 
ment,  claim,  etc). 

cocTo|aTb  [s9stAyat^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -Huib,  p  -flji  1.  con- 
sist {of),  be  made  (o/); 
2.  consist  {in),  lie  {in);  3.: 
— HTb  wjieHOM  be  a  member; 
'-HTb  Ha  cJiyjK6e  be  in  the 
service;  -~HTb  na  HxcAHBeHHH 
be  smb's  dependant;  -~HTb 
B  6paKe  be  married. 

cocTolflTbca      [s9stAyattj9] 

perf    -HTCH,     p     -HJICH,     -HJiaCb 

take  place  {of  a  meeting, 
performance,  etc);  cAeJiKa  —h- 
jiacb  the  deal   went    through. 

cocxpajiaHHle  [sastrAda- 
n^'iya]  n  -h  compassion,  pity; 
H3  qyBCTBa  -^-h  out  of  com- 
passion. 

cocrpHTb    see  ocxpHTb, 

cocTMBaHHle  [sas^t^'i'^za- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  contest,  com- 
petition; match  {a  game); 
jibiJKHbie  -'H  skiing  competi- 
tion. 

cocyfl  fsAsut,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
vessel  (/)  a  hottle,etc;  2)  anat); 
KpoBeHocHbiH   —  blood-vessel. 

cocymecTBOBaHMJe  [s9su- 
sh'':istvAvan''iy9l  n  -h  co- 
existence. 


COCHHTaTb  see   CHHTaXb  1. 
COTBOpMTb  see    TBOpHTb. 

coTKarb  see  TKaxb. 
cotIha   fs6t^n^9]  /  -HH,  -en 

1.  one  hundred;  2.  col  a  hun- 
dred roubles;  3.  hist  sotnia 
(a  cossack  squadron). 

coTpM  [sAtr^i]  imp  of  cie- 
pexb;  see  CTHpaxb  I. 

coTpy  [sAtru],  coxpeuib 
[sAtr^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  cxepeib;  see  cth- 
paxb  I. 

coTpyAHHK  [sAtrud''n''ik,-g] 
m   -a,    -OB     1.     collaborator; 

2.  employee,  worker;-  ^  no- 
coJibCTBa  embassy  official. 

coTpyAHHHlaTb  [sAtrud^n^i- 
ch*'9t'']     imperf     -aio,    -aeiub 

1.  collaborate,      co-operate; 

2.  contribute  {to  a  newspa- 
per, etc);  write  {for  a  newspa- 
per, etc). 

coTpjiceHH|e  [s9tr^i^s^e- 
n''iy9]  n  -h,  -h  shaking,  con- 
cussion. 

coTJbi  [soti]  pi  -OB  honey- 
comb. 

coTbiH  [sotiy]  num  ord 
hundredth. 

coyc  [sous,  -z]  m  -a  (-y), 
-OB  sauce,  dressing. 

coywacTHle  [s9uch^as''t^iy9] 
n  -H  complicity. 

c6xH|yTb  [sokhnut^]  imperf 
-y,  -eiiib,  p  cox  (-yji),  coxjia, 
imp  -H  1.  dry,  get  dry;  get 
parched;  2.  fig  col  pine 
{away). 

coxpaHHTb    see    coxpaHHTb. 

coxpaHHTbCM       see    coxpa- 

HHTbCH. 

coxpaHJflTb  [sakhrAn^'at*'] 
imperf    -^k),    -neiiib,    coxpa- 


—  451  — 


COK) 


HjHTb  [s8khrAn^it^]  perf  -k>, 
-HLUb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  keep, 
preserve;  maintain  {order, 
etc);  —HTb  Ha  naMHTL  keep 
as  a  souvenir;  2.  keep,  retain, 
preserve;  —htl  xjiaAHOKpoBHe 
keep  cool. 

coxpaH|flTbCsi  [sakhrAn^a- 
tts9]  imperf  -siiocb,  -HeuibCH, 
coxpaHJHTbcsi  [s9khrAn^ittja] 

perf    -K)Cb,      -HIlIbCH,    p    -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  1. 
remain  {in  one's  possession, 
memory,  etc);  y  MeHH  coxpa- 
HHJiHCb  xopouiHe  BOCnOMHHa- 
HHH  o6  3T0M  I  havc  good 
memories  of  this;  2.  col;  oh 
xopomo  —HJicji  he  is  well- 
-preserved,  he  wears  his  age 
well. 

couHajiHSM  [satsfAlMzm]  m 
-a  socialism. 

COUHaJlHCTHHeCKlHH    [S9tsi9- 

l^is^t^fch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  socialist;  ~oe  66mecTBO 
socialist  society. 

co[j[HajibH|bifi  [s9tjlal^nly] 
a  social  {problems,  science, 
etc);  — oe  o6ecneHeHHe  social 
maintenance. 

coucopeBHOBaHHle  [sotssg- 
r^ivnAvan^iya]  n  -h,  -h 
(=coi;HajiHCTHqecKoe  copee- 
HoeaHHe)  socialist  emula- 
tion. 

coHeTaHHJe  [S9ch^i^tan^iy9] 
n  -H,  -fi  combination  {of 
words,  etc). 

coMHHeHHie  [s9ch^in^e- 


n^iy9]  n  -h,    -h 


composi 


lion,  composing;  2.  compo- 
sition {literary,  musical,  etc); 
work,  writing;  H36paHHbie  — h 
selected  works. 


coqjia  [sAch^la]  po/cqecxb; 
see  CHHTaxb. 

c6MH|biH  [soch^niy]  a  sh  f 
coMeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  juicy, 
sappy,  succulent;  2,  fig  rich 
{colours,  voice,  etc). 

coHTM  [sAch^t^iJ  imp  of 
cqecTb;  see  CHHiaTb. 

COHTy    [SACh^tu],      COHTeUIb 

[sAchM^osh,  -zh]'  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  c^ecxb;  see  cmh- 
xaTb. 

COHyBCTBH|e  [sAch^us^t^- 
v^iy9]  n  -H  sympathy  {for 
those  in  distress,  etc). 

coiue.i  [sAshol],  couiJia 
[sAshla]  p  of  cohth;  see  cxo- 

AHTb    I. 

coiuejicji  [sAsh61s^9] ,  co- 
uijiacb     [sAshlas^,  -z^]    p   of 

COHTHCb;    see   CXOJlHTbCH. 

coiiijiH  [SAshl^'i]  imp  of 
cocjiaxb;  see  ccbiJiaxb. 

coiujiMCb  [sAshPis'',  -z^], 
coiujiHTecb  [sAshPit^'is^,  -z^] 
imp  of  cocjiaxbCH;  see  ccbi- 
jiaxbCH. 

couiJiK)  [sAshl^u],  coiujieuib 
[sAshPosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  cocJiaxb;  see  ccbi- 
jiaxb. 

coiujiibcb  [sAshl^us^,  -z^], 
couijieuibcn  [sAshl^dshs^9] 
1st  &  2nd  persons  of  co- 
cjiaxbCH;  see  ccbiJiaxbCH. 

couibH)  [sAshyu],  couibeiub 
[sAshyosh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  ciiiHXb;     see  lUHxb. 

comypHTb  see  mypnxb. 

comypHTbCfl  see  mypHXbCH. 

coH)3  [sAyus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  union,  alliance;  2.  alliance, 
agreement;  3.  union  {of 
states);  CoBexcKHH   Cok>3    the 


COK) 


452 


Soviet  Union;  4.  organization, 
union,  league;  npo4)eccHO- 
HajibHbiH  —  trade  union; 
5.  ling  conjunction. 

coibsHHK  [sAyuz^'n'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  ally. 

coib3H|biji  [sAyuzniy]  a 
1.  allied  {powers,  etc);  2. 
Union  {attr)  (republics  of  the 
USSR,  etc)- 

cnajibHWH  [spaPniy]  a 
sleeping  {bag,  car,  etc). 

cnajibHlfl  [spal^n^3]  /  -h, 
cnajieH  bedroom. 

cnacjaTb  [spAsat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  cnac|Tii  [spAs^'t^i] 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  ^,  -Jia,  imp 
-H  save  {smb's  life,  smth 
from  fire,  etc)',  rescue  {a 
drowning  man,  etc), 

cnac|aTbC5i  [spAsattsa]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  cna- 
cJTHCb  [spAs^t^is'']  perf -ycb, 
-euibCH,  p  cnacca,  -Jiacb,  imp 
-licb,  -HTecb  save  oneself, 
escape;  oh  [a  u  m^  d.]  eAea 
cnaccH  he  [I,  etc]  made  a 
narrow  escape,  it  was  a  nar- 
row escape. 

cnaceHH|e  [spAs^'en^iya]  n 
-H  \.  rescuing,  saving;  2.  res- 
cue (of  a  drowning  man, 
etc);  3.  fig  salvation. 

cnacHdo  [spAs^ibs]  int 
thank  you,  thanks. 

cnacHTeji|b  [spAs^it^iP]  m 
-H,  -efl  rescuer,  saviour. 

cnacTH  see  cnacaxb. 

cnacTHCb  see  cnacaxbCH. 

cnaJTb  [spai^]  imperf  cnjiio, 
cnHUJb,  p  ji,  -jia,  cnajio, 
cnajiH,  imp  chh  sleep,  be 
asleep;  yoiAWBaTb  ^Tb  put 
to  bed;  qyiKo  ^Tb  be  a  light 


sleeper;  KpenKO  — Tb    be    fast 

asleep; 

<>  ~Tb    H  BHjueTb  dream  of, 

crave  for;  oh  chmt    KaK  ySii- 

TWH  ^  he  is  dead  asleep. 

cneKTaKji|b  [s^p^'i^ktakP] 
m  -H,  -eft  play,  performance. 

cneKyjiHp|oBaTb  [sp^ikul'i- 
ravat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p 
-oeaji,  imp  -yft  1.  speculate, 
profiteer,  gamble;  2.  fig iurn 
to  account,  profit  (by);  play 
(on  smb's  feelings,  etc). 

cncKyjiflHT  [sp^'ikul^ant,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  speculator,  profiteer. 

cnejienaTb  see  nejienaTb. 

cneji|biH  [s^p^eliy]  a  sh  f 
— ,  -a,  -0,  -bi  ripe  {fruit,  etc). 

cnepeflH  [s''p*'er''id''i]  1  adv 
in  front,  at  "the  front,  from 
the  front; 

II  prep  with  gen  denoting  po- 
sition, location  at  the  front 
of  smth  in  front  of,  at  the 
front  of. 

cnexb  I  see  neib  1. 

cnexb  II  [s^'p^et^]  imperf 
cneei  ripen  (of  fruit,  etc). 

cneuHajiHCT  [sp^itjtAl^ist, 
-zdj  m  -a,  -OB  specialist, 
expert. 

cneuHajibHOCT|b  [sp^'itsiaP- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^]  /  -h,  -eft  pro- 
fession, trade,  speciality  (of 
a  scientist,  etc);  npHo6pecTH 
—  b  acquire  a  profession; 
learn  a  trade. 

cneuHa,iibHlbift  [sp^it§ia]''- 
niy]  a  sh  f  cneuHajieH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  special  (correspondent, 
etc). 

cneuilMTb  [s^p^i^shtf*] 

imperf  -y,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H    1.    hurry,     make    haste; 


453  -^ 


cno 


^HTb  Ha  noesA  be  in  a  hurry 
to  catch  the  train;    ne  -—HTb 
take  one's    time;    2.  be  fast, 
gain  (of  a  timepiece); 
<>  He  --a  leisurely. 

cneuiHlbiH  [s^p^eshniy]  a 
sh  f  cnemeH,  -a,  -o,  -h  1. 
urgent,  pressing;  b  ~-om  no- 
pHAKe  quickly;  2,  special, 
express  {delivery,  etc). 

CHH  [s^p^i]   see  cnaxb. 

cnHH|a  [s^p^ina]  /  -bi, 
ace  cnHHy,  pi  cnHHbi,  ~-  back 
(of  the  body);  3a  qben-Ji.  -~6ft 
behind  smb's  back  {also  fig). 

cnHHJKa  [s'^p^inka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  back  {of  a  chair,  etc). 

cnHpaji|b  [s^p^iral^]  /  -h, 
-eft  spiral;  ~bK),  no  ~h  in 
a  spiral. 

cnMpT  [s^p^'irt,  -d]  m  -a 
(-y)  alcohol,  spirit(s). 

cnHcaTb   see  cnHCbmaxb. 

cnHcjOK  [s^p^isak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  list,  roll;  —-ok  y6H- 
Tbix  H  paneHbix   casualty  list. 

cnHCbiB|aTb  fs^p^isivat^] 
imperf  -aro,  -aeiiib,  cnHclaxb 
[s^p^'isat^j  perf  cnHuiy,  cnn- 
meiiib,  p  -aji,  imp  chhuih  1. 
copy  (from  a  book,  etc);  2. 
crib,  copy;  3.  write  off,  de- 
falcate. 

cnHHJKa  [s^p^ich^ka]  / -kh, 
-eK  match  {for  lighting  a 
fire); 

<0  xyflOH    KaK    ~-Ka    col    ^ 
thin  as  a  rake. 

cnjiae  [splaf,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  alloy. 

cnjiaHHB|aTbcsi  [splach^i- 
vattsa]  imperf  -aexcH,  -aeMCH, 
-aexecb,  cnjiox|HXbCfl  [splA- 
t^ittsa]     perf    -hxch,    -hmch, 


-Hxecb,  p  -HjiCH,  -Hjiacb,  tmp- 
-Hxecb  unite,  rally, 

cnjiecxH  see  njiecxH  1. 

cnjiexHHH|axb  [spl^et^n^i- 
ch^'at^  ]     imperf 


-aio,    -aeuib, 

fuAspPet^- 

gossip,  talk 


cnjiexHHHaxb 

n^'ich^at']    perf 
scandal. 

cnjiex|Hsi       [spl^6t^n*'9]     / 
HH,     -en     gossip,     piece    of 
scandal 

cnjioxKxbca  see  cnjia^H- 
eaxbCH. 

cnjiOHeHJHbiH  [splAch'^on- 
niy]  a  {pa\  sh  f  ■—,  cnjio- 
qena,  cnjio^ieHO,  cnjioqeHbi  ser- 
ried, solid,  united. 

cnjioiuHloH    [splAshnoy]    a 

1.  solid,  compact;  all-round, 
complete;  cxpana  ~6h  rpa- 
MOXHOCXH  a  country  of  uni- 
versal literacy;  ~bie  neflopa- 
ayMCHHH  continuous   trouble; 

2.  col:  —oft  B3Aop  sheer  non- 
sense; -~6e  yAOBOjibcxBHe 
sheer  joy  /  pleasure. 

cnjiouib  [splosh,  -zh]  adv 
completely,  entirely;  all  over; 
<>  —  H  pHAOM  &  --  Aa  pn- 
AOM  quite  often. 

cnjiK)  [spPu],  cnHUib 
[s^p^ish,  -zh]   see  cnaxb. 

cnofi  [spoy]  imp  of  cnexb; 
see  nexb. 

cnoKOHHlbifi  [spAkoynty] 
a  sh   f   cnoKdeH,    -a,    -o,    -bi 

1.  quiet,  calm,  tranquil; 
~bift  66pa3  JKH3HH  quiet  life; 

2.  easy-tempered;  composed 
{manner,  etc); 

<>  ~0H  hohh!  good  night!; 
6yAbTe  -~bi!  don't  worry!; 
CO  —OH  coeeCTbio  with  a 
clear  conscience. 


cno 


—  454 


cnop  [spor]  m  -a  (-y),  -ob 
argument,  controversy;  de- 
bate, discussion;  aaieBaxb  ~- 
start  an  argument; 
<>  ~y  HCT  it  goes  witliout 
saying. 

cnopjHTb  [spor^it^]  imperf 
-K),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b, 
noicnopHTb  [pAspor^it^]  perf 
1.  argue,  dispute;  2.  debate, 
discuss;  3.  col  bet,  wager. 

cn6pH|biH  [spornty]  a  sh  f 
cnopeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  disputable, 
contentious;  — uh  sonpoc 
(point  at)  issue,  outstanding 
question. 

cnopT  [sport,  -d]  m  -a 
sport(s);  saHHMaTbCJi  ~om  go 
in  for  sports;  JibijKHbiH  -- 
skiing;  eoAHbiH  ^  aquatics; 
rpe6H6H  ~  rowing. 

cnopTMBHbiH  [spArt^ivniy] 
a  athletic  {games,  etc);  sports 
{attr)  {society,  car,  etc);  ~ 
3aji  gymnasium,  gymhall. 

cnopTCMeH  [spArtjm^en]  m 
-a,  -OB  athlete,  sportsman. 

cn6co6  [sp6s9p,  -b]  m  -a, 
-OB  way,  mode;  method, 
means;  ApyrHM  •— om  in  a  dif- 
ferent way;  ■—  ynoxpedjieHHJi 
directions  for  use  {an  inscrip- 
tion on  a.  medicine,  etc). 

cnoc66HOCT|b[spAs6bn9s''t^, 
-z'^d^]  /  -H,  pi  -H,  -eH  1.  abil- 
ity {to  do  smthy,  capacity 
{for  containing,  ab-iyprbing, 
etc);  nponycKHan  ~b  xpanc- 
nopxa  transport  carrying  ca- 
pacity; noKynaxejibHan  -—b 
HacejieHHH  purchasing  capac- 
ity of  the  population;  2. 
{mostly  pi)  ability,  aptitude; 
yMCTBeHHbie  ^h  mental  facul- 


ties; MysbiKajibHbie  ~-h  apti- 
tude for  music. 

cnoc66H|biH  [spAsobniy]  a 
sh  f  cnocooeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
capable  {of)',  oh  cnoc66eH  Ha 
Bce  he  is  capable  of  anything; 
2.  able  {person);  gifted  {for). 

cnoH)  [spAyu],  cnoeuib  [spA- 
yosh,  -zh]  1st  &.  2nd  persons 
of  cnexb;  see  nexb. 

cnpaBa  [sprava]  adv  from 
the  r;giit;  on  /  at  the  right; 
to  the  right  {of);  —  najieBO 
from  right  to  left. 

cnpaBeA..iH3luH  [sprav^i^d''- 
Piviy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -u 
1.  just;  impartial,  fair;  2. 
true,  correct;  justified  {suspi- 
cions, etc). 

cnpaBHXbC5i      see      cnpaa- 

JIHXbCH. 

cnpaBJKa  [sprafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  information,  reference; 
o6pamaxbCH  sa  ~koh  apply 
for  information;  2.  certificate 
(a  document). 

cnpaBji|flxbCJi        [sprAvl^a- 
ttjaj  imperf  -niocb,  -HeuibCH, 
cnpaBjHTbCfl         [sprav^itt^a] . 
perf  -jiK)Cb,    -HmbCH,    p   -hji- 
CR,  -HJiacb,  imp    -bCH,   -bxecb 

1.  cope   with    {a     task,  etc); 

2.  manage,  handle;  perf  also 
get  the  better  of  {one's  feel- 
ings, e/c);  c  HHMxpyAHO  cnpa- 
BHXbCH  he  is  difficult  to  man- 
age/handle; 3.  ask  {about), 
inquire  {about). 

cnpaBOMHHK  [sprav9ch^n''ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  reference  book. 

cnpaBOHH|biH  [spravach^.- 
niy]  a\  ^oe  6iop6  inquiry 
office;  — bifl  MaxepHa.i  ma- 
terial for  reference  only. 


—  455  — 


cpa 


cnpaiuMBJaTb  [spr^shivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  cnpoc|HTb 
[sprAs^'it^]  perf  cnpoiuy,  cnpo- 
cHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  ask 
{smb  his  name,  etc);  inquire 
{about,  etc);  2.  wish  /  want 
to  see  {smb);  want  /  desire 
to  speak  {to  smb);  oh  ---aji 
Te6H  he  wanted  to  see  you; 
he  wanted  to  speak  to  you; 
3.  col  hold  responsible  {for 
smth);  c  eac  6y;iyT  —axb  aa 
3T0  you  will  be  held  respon- 
sible for  that. 

cnpoc  [spros,  -z]  m  -a  (-y) 
econ  demand;  --  h  npefljio- 
MceHHe  demand  and  supply; 
nojibsoBaibCH  6ojibmHM  ~om 
be  much  in  demand; 
<>  6e3  ~a  col  without  per- 
mission. 

cnpocMTb    see  cnpauiHBaTb. 

cnpHrjaTb  [spr^i*^gat^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  npojcnpsi- 
raxb  [praspr^i^gat^]  perf  ling 
conjugate. 

cnpAJK^HMJe  [spr^'i^zhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  ling  conju- 
gation. 

cnpflxaxb  see  npHxarb. 

cnpRxaxbCM  see  npHxaxbcn. 

cnycK  [spusk,  -zg]  m  -a 
(-y),  -OB  1.  lowering,  letting/ 
getting  down;  descending,  de- 
scent; 2.  launching  {of  a 
ship);  3.  descent  {a  way 
downward);  otjiophh  lKpy»- 
toh]  ~  gradual  [steep]  de- 
scent; gentle  [steep]  slope; 
<>  He  Aaeaxb  KOMy-ji.  --y 
col  give  smb  no  quarter. 

cnycKJaxb  [spuskat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  cnycxJHXb 
[spus^f'it^]        perf      cnym.y, 


cnycTHUib,     p     -HJI,     imp     -h 

1.  let  /  get  down,  lower, 
down;  2.  launch  {a  ship); 
3.  unleash,  unchain,  let 
loose;  --axb  c  uenH  unchain 
{a  dog);  4.  drain  {water); 
let  off /out  {steam,  etc); 
5.  fig  col  squander,  waste 
{money); 

0-  ~axb  KypOK  pull  the 
trigger;  cnycxiixb  nexjiio  drop 
a  stitch;  cnycx«  pynaea  in  a 
slipshod   manner,  anyhow. 

cnycKlaxbCfl  [spuskattja] 
imperf  -aracb,  -aeuibCH,  cny- 
ct|HXbCJi  [spus^t^ittja]  perf 
cnymycb,  cnycxHuibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  .-ricb, 
-Hiecb  1.  go  down,  descend; 
come  down  {of  people);  ~axb- 
CH  no  jiecTHHue  go  downstairs; 
come  downstairs;  2.  go  down- 
stream {along  a  river);  3.  fig 
fall  {of  night). 

cnycxHxb  see  cnycKaxb. 

cnycxHXbCfl  see  cnycKaxbCH. 

cnycxfl  [spus^t^a]  prep 
with  ace  denoting  time:  ~ 
rojl  after  a  year,  a  year  later. 

cnyxHHK  [sput^n^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,   -OB  1.  companion,  friend; 

2.  fellow-traveller,  compan- 
ion;      2.       astron     satellite; 

3.  sputnik,  satellite. 
cpaeHcHMle    [srAvn^en^iya] 

n  -H,  -H  1.  comparing,  com- 
parison; 2.  simile,  idiomatic 
comparison; 

<>  no  ~K)  c...  in  compari- 
son with... 

cpaeHHBlaxbl  [sravn^ivat*] 
imperf  -aio,  -aenib,  cpaBH|MXb 
[srAvn^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Huib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  compare  {with,  to). 


cpa 


—  456  — 


cpaBHMB|aTb  II  .  [sravn^i- 
v^i^]  itnperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
cpaBH  nrb  [srAvn^at^]  perf 
-HK),  -Hemb  make  equal  {to, 
with);  equalize,  even. 

cpaBHHBJaTb  III  [sravn^i- 
vat'']  itnperf  -aio,  -aemb, 
cpoBHJHTb  [srAvn^at^]  perf 
-HKD,  -Heuib  make  level,  lev- 
el. 

CpaBHHTCJIbHO  [^^FAvn^it^iP- 
na]    adv    comparatively. 

cpaBHMTb  "^ee  cpaBHHBaxb  I. 

cpaBHflTb  see  cpaeHUBaxb  II. 

cpaBH^TbCsi  see  paeHHTb- 
c«  3. 

cpa)K|aTbCJi  [srAzhattsa] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  cpa- 
slHTbcn  [srAz^'ittsa]  perf  cpa- 

)KyCb,     -HUIbCH,      p    -HJICH,    -H- 

Jiacb,  imp  -liCb,  -Hiecb  fight 
[with  an  enemy,  etc);  wage 
a  battle. 

cpajKCHHle  [sFAzhen^'iya]  n 
-«,    -H    battle. 

cpasHTbCfi    see    cpa>KaTbCH. 

cpasy  [srazu]  adv  1.  at 
once,  at  one  stroke;  2.  right 
away,  straight  away;  straight 
off. 

cpefl|a  I  [sr^'i^da]  /  -b'l,  ace 
-y,  pi  cpe^bi,  ~  1.  surround- 
ings, environment;  e  HameH 
—e  in  our  midst;  2.  biol, 
phy^  medium. 

cpeA|a  II  [sr^'i^daj  /  -b'l, 
ace  cpe;;y,  pi  cpeAU.  ^,  -aM 
Wednesday. 

cpcflH  (sr^'i^d^i]  prep  with 
gen  1.  among,  amongst;  2.  in 
the  middle   (of). 

cpeflHc...  first  element  of 
compounds  denoting    1.  posi- 


tion in  the  middle  part  of'. 
cpeflHeasHarcKHH  [sr^ed^'n^i- 
Az'^iat^k^'iy]  Central  Asian; 
2.  smth  pertaining  to  the 
middle  period  of:  cpe/tHeee- 
KOBbiH  [sr^'id^'n^iv'^i^koviy] 
medieval;  cpeAHeaHrjiHKCKHH 
[sr^ed^n^iAngPiysk^iy]  Mid- 
dle English;  3.  an  average 
quantity,  figure:  cpeAneMe- 
CHMHbiH  [sr^ed*'n^im''es''9ch''- 
niy]  average  monthly. 

cpeflHJHH  [sr^ed^n^iy]  a  I. 
middle;  medium;  ~hh  pocT 
medium  height;  ~hh  xex- 
HHqecKHH    nepcoHaji  medium- 

-  level  technical  personnel; 
2.  average,  mean;  ~hh  sa- 
pa6oTOK  average  earnings; 
~flH  BeJmqHHa  mean  quan- 
tity; 3.  col  middling,  so-so, 
average; 

<>   ~HH    poA    neuter   gender; 

—  He  Bena  the  Middle  Ages; 
~ji«  uiKOjia  s_econdary  school; 
~ee  o6pa30BaHHe  secondary 
education;  Bb'iuie  ~ero  above 
the  average;  hchto  ~ee  col 
something  in  between. 

cpeflCTB|o  [sr^et^tva]  n  -a, 
pi  -a,  ~  1.  remedy;  pa^H- 
KajibHoe  ~o  drastic  remedy; 
2,  {mostly  pi)  means  {of  con- 
veyance, etc);  HcnojibSOBaib 
Bce  ~a  ^  leave  no  stone 
unturned;  3.  pi  means  {mon- 
ey); funds;  jKHXb  He  no 
~aM  live  beyond  one's 
means. 
cpe3aTb  see  cpeaaxb, 
cpe3;aTb  [sr'^i^zat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aemb,  cpe3|aTb  [sr^'e- 
zat**]  perf  cpe>Ky,  cpe>Kemb, 
p  -aji,  imp  cpejKb    1.  cut  off 


—  457 


era 


(with    a    knife);    2.    col    fail 
smb  {at  an  examination). 

cpoBHHTb  see  cpasHH- 
Baxb  III. 

cpOK  [srok,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
-OB  1.  period,  space  of  time; 
term  {of  study,  etc),  2.  term 
{of  payment,  etc);  paHbuie  ~a 
before  the  appointed  time; 
ahead  of  time;  b  MecjmHbiH 
—■  within  a  month;  no  HCTe- 
qeHHH  ^a  when  the  time 
expires;  — om  Ha  hhtl  Jiei 
for  a  period  /  term  of  five 
years;  k  ~y,  s  ~  in  time; 
B  yKasaHHbiH  -^  by  a  speci- 
fied date; 

O  Ha  ~'  for  a  period  /  term; 
flafi(Te)  —  col  have  patience. 

cpoHHJbifl  [sroch^nty]  a  sh 
f  cpoqeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  urgent, 
pressing;  —an  xejierpaMMa 
express  telegram;  —mh  aanaa 
rush  order. 

cpy6MTb  see  py6HTb. 

cpbiB|aTb  [srtvat*']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  copB|aTb  [sArvat^] 
perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  -aji,  -ajia, 
-ajio,  -ajiH,  imp  -h  1.  tear 
away,  tear  off,  tear  down; 
pluck  {a  flow?r,  etc);  2.  fig 
frustrate,  upset;  wreck  {talks, 
etc);  foil  {plans,  etc);  dis- 
rupt, hamper  {work,  etc);  cop- 
Baib  neperoBopbi  wreck  the 
talks;  3.  fig  col  vent  {one's 
anger,  etc,  upon  smb). 

cpuB|aTbC5i  [srivattja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  cop- 
B|aTbCfl  [sArvattja]  perf  -ycb, 
-embCH,  p  -ajicH,  -ajiacb, 
-ajiocb  (-ajiocb),  -ajiHCb 
(-ajiHCb),  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb 
1.  break  loose,   break   away; 


2.  fall    {losing    one's   hold); 

3.  fig  col  fall  through,  mis- 
carry; 

<>  copBaxbCfl  c  sisMKa  escape 
one's  lips. 

ccopla  [ssora]  / -bi,  —  quar- 
rel, squabble;  6biTb  b  — e 
c  KeM-ji.  be  on  bad  terms 
with  smb;  saTenib  ~y  start 
a  quarrel. 

cc6p|HTbCfl  [ssdr^ittja]  im- 
perf    -K)Cb,    -HIIIbCH,    p    -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -biecb,  noj- 
ccopHTbCJi  [pAssor^ittga]   perf 
quarrel,  squabble. 
CCCP    [es-es-es-er]     abbrev 

{m)     (=C0K)3     COBexCKHX     Co- 

UHajiHCTHHecKHx  Pecny6jiHK) 
USSR  (the  Union  of  Soviet 
Socialist  Republics). 

ccyAJa  [ssuda]  /  -bi,  — 
loan,  advance-money;  Aaib 
— y  grant  a  loan. 

ccbuilaxb  [ssilat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiub,  cocjijaTb  [sAslat**] 
perf  couiJiK),  couijieuib,  p  -aji, 
imp  coiujiH  exile,  banish. 

ccbijijaTbCJi  [ssHattsa]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  co- 
cjijaTbcsi  [sAslattsa]  perf  co- 
iiijiK)Cb»  couijieiiibCH,  p  -ajicH 
-ajiacb,  imp  coiujiHCb,  couijih- 
Tecb  1.  refer  {to),  cite,  quote; 
2.  plead,  allege  {a  headache, 
etc,  as  an  excuse). 

ccbiJi|Ka  I  [ssllka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  exile,  banishment. 

ccbiji|Ka  II  [ssllka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  reference    {to   a    source). 

era  [sta]  see  cxo. 

cxaBJHXb  [stay^it^]  imperf 
-jiK),  -Huib,  p  -Hji,  imp  -b, 
nojcxaBHXb  [pAstav^'it^]  per^' 
1.  put,  place,  set;  2.  mount, 


era 


458  — 


install;  —  htb  Te;ie(J)6H  have 
a  telephone  installed;  3.  apply 
{a  compress,  etc);  4.  the  at 
stage,  produce;  5.  raise  (a 
question,  etc);  —  HTb  bo- 
npoc  nepeA  KeM-ji.  bring 
smb's  attention  to  a  question; 
—  HTb  Ha  o6cy^AeHHe  bring 
up  for  discussion;  ~HTb  ycjio- 
BHH  lay  down  terms;  6.:  shi- 
coKo  ~HTb  Koro-Ji.  think 
highly  of  smb;  7.  organize, 
put  right  (a  business,  etc); 
«0>  ~HTi>  rojioc  KOMy-ji.  train 
smb's  voice. 

cTaB|Ka  I  [stafka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  stake  {in  gambling); 
2.  rate  (of  wages,  etc); 
<>  AC'/iaTb  —  Ky  Ha  Koro-ji. 
(na  HTo-ji.J  stake  on  smb 
[.mth]. 

cxaelKa  II  [stafks]  /  -kh, 
-OK  General   Headquarters. 

cxaflHOH  [stad^'ion]  m  -a, 
-OB  sport  stadium. 

cTaAH|$i  [stad^iya]  /  -h,  -h 
stage,  phase. 

CTafljo  [stada]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 
~  herd  {of  cattle);  flock  {of 
sheep). 

cxaJK  [stash,  -zh]  m  -a  length 
of  service;  napTuftHbiH  — 
length  of  party  membership. 

cTanaH    (stAkan]  m  -a,  -ob 
glass  {for  drinking); 
<>    6ypa    B    --e    boabi    ^    a 
storm  in  a  teacup. 

CTajiKHB|aTbCJi  [stalk^iva- 
ttS9]  imperf  -arocb,  -aeuibCH, 
cT0jiKH|yTbC5i  [stAlknuttj;^] 
perf  -ycb,  -eiiibCH,  p  -yjicn, 
-yjiacb,  imp  -ricb,  -Hiecb 
1.  collide,  come  into  colli- 
sion;   clash    (o/    troops,  etc); 


2.  fig  clash,  come  into  col- 
lision    {of     interests,      etc); 

3.  fig  run  into,  clash  into; 
come  across  {quite  unexpect- 
edly);   —  aXbCH  C  Tpy^HOCTHMH 

meet  with  difficulties. 

CTaji|b  [staPl  /  -H  steel 
{iron  with  carbon);  HepH<a- 
Beroman    --b     stainless  steel. 

cTaHflapTHJbiH  [stAndartniy] 
a  sh  f  cxaHAapieH,  -a,  -o,   -bi 

1.  standard  {dimensions,  etc); 
~biH  AOM  prefabricated 
house;  2.  fig  stereotyped 
{idtas,  etc). 

CTaHOB|HTbCJi  I  JstsnAv^i- 
ttja]  imperf  -jiibcb,  ciaHO- 
BHUibCH,  p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -HTecb,  cxaTb  [staf*] 
perf  cxaHy,  cxanemb,  p  cxaji, 
cxajia,  imp  cxaub  1.  stand, 
take  one's  stand;  —HibCH  Ha 
Ubmo^KH  stand  on  tiptoe; 
•— HTbCH  B  o^epeAb  queue  up; 

2.  {no  imperf)  stop  {of  a 
watch,  etc);  peKa  cxajia  the 
river  is  ice-bound; 

<>  cxao-bHaynex  be  register- 
ed; get  registered;  cxaxb  na 
HKopb  anchor;  sa  hcm  acjio 
cxajio?  what's  the  hitch?;  bo 
Hxo  6u  xo  HH  cxajio  at  all 
costs;  by  all  means. 

cxaHOBJHXbCJi  II  [stanA- 
v^ittja]  imperf  -jiibcb,  cxano- 
BHUJbCH,  p  -vLJicsi,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-HCb,  -Hxecb,  cxaxb  [stat^J 
perf  cxany,  cxanemb,  p  cxaji, 
cxajia,  imp  cxaHb  become, 
get,  grow  {also  impers);  cxa- 
HOBHXCH  xeMHo  it  is  gettmg 
dark;  oh  cxaji  nHcaxb  he  took 
up  writing. 

cxaHiOK  [stAnok,  -g]  m  -Ka, 


459  — 


Cfe 


-KOB  mach'ne-tool;  TKauKHH 
~6k  loom;  ne^aTHbift  ~6k 
printing-press;  xoKapHbifl  ~6k 
iathe;  (})pe3epHbiH  ~6k  mill- 
ing machine. 

CTSLHuula  [stantsiya]  /  -h, 
-H  1.  station  {of  a  railway, 
etc);  ysjioBan  -— h  railway 
junction;  lOBapHan  ~h  goods- 
-Station;  2.:  Tejie4)6HHaH  —a 
telephone  exchange;  onbiTHan 
~H  agric  experimental  sta- 
tion. 

CTapaHH|e  [stAran'^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  endeavour,  effort;  dil- 
igence; application  {in  work). 

CTaplaxbCfl  [stArattsa]  im- 
perf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  noicra- 
paxbcfl  [pastArattsa]  perf  en- 
deavour, try,  seek;  — axbCH 
H30  Bcex  CHji  do  one's  best; 
—  axbCH  Bbmrpaxb  BpeMH  play 
for  time. 

cxapjexb  [stAr^et^]  imperf 
-6k),  -eeuib,  nojcxapexb  [pa- 
stAr^et^j  perf,  yicxapexb 
[ust'Ar^et^]  perf  1.  (nocxa- 
pexb)  grow  /  become  old, 
age;  '  2.  (ycxapexb)  become 
obsolete  {of  words,  machin- 
ery, etc);  become  old-fash- 
ioned  {of  views,    styles,  etc). 

cxapHK  [stAr^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  old  man. 

cxapHHH|MH  [stAr^inniy]  a 
ancient,    old;    old-fashioned. 

cxapocTJb  [staras^'t^,  -z^'d^] 
/  -H  old  age. 

cxapyx|a  [stArukha]  /  -h, 
'-  old  woman. 

cxapuilHH  [starshiy]  I  a 
-aH,  -ee,  -He  1.  elder;  oldest; 
eldest;  senior;  '-He  KJiaccbi 
senior    clas;3es,    upper  grades 


{at   school);    2.    senror,    head 

{attr); 

II  as  a  noun  1.  c  x  a  p  m  |  h  h 

m  -ero,  -hx  chief,    person  in 

charge;      kxo      s^ecb      —  hh? 

who's    in    charge    here?;     2 

cxapm|He  pi    -hx     elders. 

cxapjbiH  [stariy]  \  a  sh  f 
~',  -a,  -o  (-6),  -bi  (-bi)  1.  old 
{not  new);  2.  ancient,  outdat- 
ed; 

II  as  a  noun  1.  cxapjoe 
n  -oro:  npHHHMaxbCH  sa  ~oe 
lapse  into  one's  old  ways; 
KXO  ~oe  noMHHex,  xoMy  rjias 
BOH  prov  ^  let  bygones  be 
bygones;  2.  cxapjue  pi 
-bix  the  old; 
<>  ~-afl  Aeea  spinster. 

cxaxHcxHKJa  [stAt^is^t^ika] 
/  -H  statistics. 

cxaxyjsi  [statuya]  /  -h,  -h 
statue. 

cxaxb  I  see  cxaHOBHXbCH  J. 

cxaxb  II  see  cxanoBHXbCH  II. 

cxaxbla  [stAt^ya]  /  -h,  cxa- 
xeft  1.  article  {in  a  maga- 
zine, etc);  2.  article,  clause 
{of  an  agreement,  etc). 

cxa|fl  [staya]  /  -h,  -h  flock 
{of  birds);  shoal  {of  fish); 
pack  {of  wolves). 

cxBOji  [stvol]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  trunk  {of  a  tree);  2.  bar- 
rel {of  a  gun);  shaft  {of  a 
pit,  lift,  etc). 

cxe5|ejib  [s't^eb^il^]  m 
-jiH,  -jieH  stem,  stalk. 

cxeKjiio  [s^t^i^klo]  n  -a,  pi 
cxeKjia,  cxeKoji  1.  glass  {a  sub- 
stance); OKOHHoe  ~6  windovv- 
-pane;  2.  glassware; 
^  yBCjiHHHxejibHoe  ~o  mag- 
nifying glass. 


cxe 


460 


CTCJiH  [s''t*'i^l'"i)  see  cxjiaiL. 

cTejiJMTb  Is^'t^'i^l^it^]  im- 
perf  -K),  ciejieiiib  col= 
CTjiaxb. 

cTCJiK)  [s^'f'i^Pu],  cxejieuib 
[s^f'el^ish,    -zh]    see    cxjiaxb. 

cxcMHexb  see  xeMHexb  2. 

cxcHJa  [s^t^'i^na]  /  -bi,  ace 
cxeHy,  pi  cxeHbi,  ~,  -aM  wall 
(of  a  house,  etc); 
<>  npHwaxb  Koro-Ji.  k  ~e 
col  ^  drive  smb  into  a  cor- 
ner; jieaxb  Ha  cxcHy  col  ^ 
be  beside  oneself. 

cxeHra3ex|a  [s^t^mgAz^'eta] 
/  -bi,  ~'  (=cxeHHaH  rasexa) 
wall  newspaper. 

cxeHorpdMMJa  [s^'t^inAgram- 
ma]  /  rbi,  ~  shorthand  report, 

cxeHorpa^HcxJKa  [s^'t^ina- 
grAf'istlo]  /  -kh,  -ok  steno- 
grapher. 

cxeneHJb  [s'^t^'ep^m'']  /  -h, 
-eft  1.  degree,  extent;  b  eme 
66jibiiieH  ~H  to  an  even  great- 
er degree;  2.  degree  (aca- 
demic or  honorary);  npHcy- 
flhxb  yqcHyK)  ~b  confer  a 
degree;  3.  math  power;  4. 
ling:  cpaBHHxejibHan  ~b com- 
parative degree; 
O  B  BUCLueA  —^H  exceedingly, 
extremely. 

cxeji|b  [s^'t^ep*',  -b**]  /  -h, 
-eft  steppe. 

cxepexb  see  cxHpaxb  I. 

cxepe|Hb  [s^t^'i^r'^ech^]  im- 
perf  -ry,  ->Keiiib,  -ryx,  p  cxe- 
pSr,  -r;ia,  imp  -fh  1.  guard, 
keep  watch  over;  2.  watch 
{for). 

cxepwIcHb  [s''t''erzhan^l  m 
-HH,  -Heft  pin,  pivot. 

cxecHJHTbCfl     [s''t^i^s''n*'a- 


ttS9]  imperf  -Hrocb,  -aembCH, 
noicxecHwxbCfl  [pas^f'iVn^a- 
tt^a]  perf  1.  (no  perf)  feel  shy; 
2.  be /feel  ashamed  {to  do 
smth); 

«C>  He  -~flxbcfl  B  cpeflcxBax 
be  unscrupulous,  not  have 
many  scruples. 

cxHJijb  I  [s^t^il^]  m  -H,  -eft 
style  {in  architecture,  etc).' 

cxHJi|b  II  [s^f'iP]  m-H,  -eft: 
HOBbift  -~-b  new  calendar  {Gre- 
gorian calendar);  cxapbift  —  b 
old  calendar  {Julian  calen- 
dar). 

cxHJiflrja  [s'^t^il^agaJm-Hfo/ 
teddy  boy. 

cxHwyji  [s^'t'imul]  m  -a, 
-OB  stimulus,  incentive. 

cxMneHAHlfl  [s^'t^ip^'en''- 
d^iya]  /  -h,  -ft  (student)  al- 
lowance, grant,  scholarship. 

cxHpjaxb  I  [s^t^irat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  cxepjexb 
[s''t^i^r''et^l  perf  coxpy,  co- 
xpeiiib,  p  cxep,  cxepjia,  imp 
coxpH  1.  wipe  off,  clean; 
erase,  rub  out;  ~axb  nujib 
dust;  2.  rub  sore;  cxepeTb  h6- 
ry  get  foot  sores; 
<>  cxepexb  c  jiHua  scmjih 
wipe  out,  raze  to  the  ground. 

cxHplaxb  II  [s^f'irat'']  im- 
perf -aw,  -aemb,  BbicxMp|axb 
[vls''t''irat^]  perf  -aio,  -aeuib 
wash,  launder. 

cxHx  [s^'f'ikh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
pi  -H,  -OB  1.  verse;  2.  pi 
verses,  poems;  poetry. 

cxHXHHH|bift  [s*'t''ikh''iyntyl 
a  sh  f  cxHxfteH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
elemental,  natural;  2.  spon- 
taneous {speech,  movement^ 
etc). 


—  461  — 


cxa 


cthxhIsi  [s^t^ikh^iya]  /  -h, 
-fi  elements  (of  nature); 
<>    6iiiTb  B  cBoeH    ~H  be  in 
one's  element. 

CTMxoTBopeHHle  [s^t^ikha- 
tvAr^en'iya]  n  -h,  -h  poem 
(a  short  composition  in  verse). 

cTjiaJTb  [slat^]  imperf  cie- 
jiK),  cTejieiUb,  p  -Ji,  imp  cie- 
JiH,  noiCTjiaTb  [pAslat^]  perf 
spread  (a  cover^  etc)\  — Tb 
nocTejib  make  the  bed  {be- 
fore going  to  sleep). 

CTO  [sto]  nam  card  era  hun- 
dred. 

CTor  [stok,  -g]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  stack,  rick. 

cTOHMOcTJb  [stoimas^t^, 
-z^d**]  /  -H,  -eft  1.  cost,  price; 
66mm  ~bio  B  AecHTb  pyCjieft 
to  a  total  value  of  ten  rou- 
bles; 2.  econ  value;  npH6a- 
BoqHan  ~b  surplus  value. 

CTOJHTb  [stoit']  imperf  -k), 
-Huib,  p  -HJi  1.  cost  {of  an 
article)',  be  worth  {a  rouble, 
etc);  3T0  eMy  ~-hjio  6ojibm6ro 
TpyAa  it  cost  him  much  ef- 
fort; 2.  deserve,  be  worth;  3. 
impers  be  worth  {reading, 
seeing,  etc). 

ctohkIhA  [stoyk^iy]  a  -aH, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  cxoeK,  -a,  -o,  -h 

1.  stable    {gas,   etc);    2.    fig 
steadfast,  steady,  staunch. 

CTOJi  [stol]  m  -a,  -6b  1. 
table   (a   piece  of  furniture); 

2.  board     {meals);    cooking, 
cuisine. 

CTOJ16  [stolp,  -b]  m  -a,  -6b 
1.  post,  pole,  pillar;  2.  fig 
column  {of  water,  air,  etc); 
<>  nosBOHOHHbiH  ~  anat 
backbone,  spine. 


CT0Ji6|eu  [stAlb^etj,  -dz]  m 
-ua,  -uoB  column  {oj figures, 
in  a  newspaper,  etc). 

CTOJieTH|e  [stAl^et'iya]  n 
-fl,  -ft  1.  century;  2.  centenary. 

cTOjiHu|a  [stAPitsa]  /  -h, 
—  capital,  metropolis. 

cTOjiKHOBeHHje  [stalknAv^e- 
n'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  collision, 
clash  {also  fig);  Boopy}KeH- 
Hoe  ~e  armed  conflict. 

CTOJiKHyxbCJi    see    crajiKH- 

BaXbCH. 

CTOJioBlan  [stAlovaya]  / -OH, 
-wx  1.  dining-room;  2.  dining 
establishment;  saBOACKaH  -^an 
canteen. 

CT6;ibK|o  [stoPka]  adv  & 
pron  {pron:  -hx)  so  much;  so 
many;  eme  ~o  (>Ke)  as  much 
again;  as  many  again; 
<>  — o  cKOjibKo  as  much  as; 
as  many  as;  He  ~o...,  CKOJib- 
Ko...  not  so  much...  as... 

CTOjinp  [stAl^ar]  m  -a,  -6b 
joiner  {a  worker  in  wood). 

ctoh  [ston]  m  -a,  -ob  moan, 
groan. 

CTOH  I  axb  [stAnat^]  imperf 
-y,  CT6Hemb,  p  -aji,  imp  -h 
1.  moan,  groan;  2.  fig  suffer, 
languish. 

cTopoJK  [storash,  -zh]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -eft  watchman,  guard; 
jiecHOH  ~  forest  warden;  tk)- 
peMHbifi  ^  warder. 

cTopO)K|HTb  [starAzhft^] 
imperf  -y,  -iiuib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-6  guard,  keep  watch  over. 

CTOpOH|a    [star Ana]    /    -m, 

ace       CTOpOHV,      pi      CTOpOHU, 

CTopoH,  -aM  1.  side  {left, 
wrong,  etc);  BnyTpeHHHH  ~i 
inside;  BHeuiHHa  ~a  outside; 


CTO 


—  462  — 


jiHuesaH  —5  MaiepHH  right 
side  of  material;  c  BHeuiHeH 
'-bi  on  the  outside;  Ha  toh 
—  e  across,  on  the  other  side; 
yKJiOHHTbc^  B  CTOpoHy  devi- 
ate; 2.  land,  place;  poAnan  -^a 
native  land;  3.  party  (in  an 
argument,  etc);  law  side; 
BbicoKHe  AorosapHBaiomHecH 
CTopoHbithe  High  Contracting 
Parties;  4.  side,  aspect  {of 
a      matter,      problem,      etc); 

HNieXb    CBOH    XOpOUJHe   CTOpOHbl 

have  one's  good  points;  ero 
3HaiOT  c  xopouieft  ~bi  he  en- 
joys a  good  reputation; 
"0  B  cTopoHy  aside,  to  one 
side;  BcraTb  he  Hhw-n.  cto- 
poHy  take  sides  with  smb; 
c  qLCH-ji.  — bi  on  smb's  part; 
CO  cBoefi  ~w  51...  for  my 
part  I  ,.;  c  oahoh  — m..., 
c.  flpyroH  ~bi  on  the  one 
hand...,  on  the  other  hand. 

cTopoHHHK  [stAron^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  supporter,  adherent; 
partisan  (of  peace,  etc). 

CTOMHiKa  [stAyanka]  f  -kh, 
-OK  stand,  stop;  parking  (for 
or  of  cars);  mooring  (for  or 
of  ships);  ~Ka  TaKCH  taxi- 
-stand. 

CTOjflTb  [stAyat^]  imperf  -k>, 
-Hiub,  p  -flji,  imp  -if  1.  stand 
(on  the  feet);  2.  stand,  be,  be 
situated;  3.:  ~ht  luyM  there 
is  a  noise;  —ht  Mopoa  there 
is  a  frost;  ~ht  xopoman  no- 
roiia  we  are  having  a  spell 
of  fine  weather,  the  weather 
keeps  fine;  4.  -stop,  be  at  a 
standstill;  paSoxa  ~ht  the 
work  has  stopped;  qacbi  ~ht 
the    watch    has   stopped;    5.: 


—  HTb  nepeA  KeM-ji.  face  smb 
(of  problems,  etc);  6.  fig 
stand  (for),  uphold  (a  cause, 
etc);  7.:  CT6H{Te)!  1)  stop!; 
2)  wait  a  moment!;  3)  col 
let  me  see  (when  trying  to 
remember  smth); 

<>    (XBepAO)    —flTb     Ha    CBOeM 

(firmly)  hold  one's  own; 
~-«Tb  HaHbCM-ji.  nyxH  stand  / 
be  in  smb's  way;  — axb  naa 
Ayuiofl  y  Koro-ji.  col  ^ 
worry  the  life  out  of  smb. 

cxonH|HH  {stAyach'^iy]  a 
-an,  -ee,  -He  1.  standing, 
stand-up;  2.  stagnant  (water, 
etc). 

cx65iiu,|hh  [st6yash^:iy]  a 
[pa]  -an,  -ee,  -He  col:  axo 
AeJio  ~ee  it's  worth  while; 
3X0  ~HH  4)HJibM  the  film  is 
worth  seeing. 

cxpa^laxb  [strAdat^]  im- 
perf -aio  -aemb,  noicxpa^axb 
[pastrAdat^j  perf  \.  (no  perf) 
suffer  (from  a  disease,  etc); 
2.  suffer  (1)  from  drought, 
etc;  2)  for  a  cause,  etc). 

cxpa)K|a  [strazha]  /  -h 
guard,  watch; 

<>  6bixb  /  cxoRXb  Ha  --e.  be  on 
guard;  stand  guard  (over); 
6paxb  nofl  -^-y  take  into  cus- 
tody. 

cxpaHJa  [stxAna]  /  -bi,  pi 
cxpaHbi,  ~  1.  country  (the 
territory  of  a  nation);  land 
(of  socialism,  etc);  2.  coun- 
try, nation. 

cxpaHMuja  [strAn^itsa]  / 
-H,   ~  page  (in  a  book    etc). 

cxpaHHJbiH  [strannty]  a  sh 
f  cxpanen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  strange, 
queer,  odd. 


463 


CTp 


CTpaHCTBJoBaTb  [stranst- 
yvat'']  imperf  -yio,  -yeiub, 
p  -OBaji,  imp  -yft  wander, 
travel. 

CTpacTH|biH  [strasnty]  a  sh 
f  CTpacTeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  passion- 
ate, ardent. 


CTpacT|b  [stras^t 


'd^]/ 


-H,  -efl  passion  (1)  for  music, 
etc,  2)   strong  love). 

cTpax  [strakh,  -gh]  m  -a 
(-y),  -OB  fear,  fright;  h3  ^a 
out  of  fear; 

O    Ha   CBOH     —     (m     pHCK)     at 

one's  risk;  on  one's  own  re- 
sponsibility; noA  -~-0M  CMep- 
TM  on  pain  of  death. 

CTpaxoBaHMJe  [strakhAva- 
n^'iya]  n  -a  insurance 
(against  accidents,  etc). 

CTpamH|uH  [strashniy]  a 
sh  f  cTp^iueH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-b'l) 
terrible,  frightful,  dreadful, 
ugly  {face,  etc^. 

CTpejija  [str^i^la]  /  -u,  pi 
CTpeJibi,  ^  1.  arrow;  shaft 
{aho  fig);  2.:  MqaxbCH  ~6h 
^  run  like  a  deer;  3.  technol 
derrick  {of  a  crane). 

CTpe«ilKa  [str^'elka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  pointer,  indicator;  ar- 
row (a  sign);  hand  {of  a 
timepiece);  2.  railway  switch. 

CTpejijoK  [str^i^lok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  shot,  marksman; 
rifleman. 

cTpejioHHHK  [str^'elach^n^ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  switchman. 

CTpejib6|a  [str^i'^l^ba]  /  -u 
shooting,  firing;  OTKpbiXb  -— y 
open  fire. 

cTpeji|flTb  [str^i^l^at^]  im- 
perf -HK),   -Heuib    shoot,    fire. 

cxpeMrjiae  [str^'i'^mgjaf,  -v] 


adv  headlong  {of  rushing,  etc). 

cxpeMHTejibHlbiH  [str^'i^m^i- 
t^iPniy]  a  sh  f  cxpeMHxejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  swift,  impetuous. 

cxpeMJiixbCfl  [str^i^m^ittsa] 
imperf  -Jiibcb,  -HuibCH,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
seek,  aspire  {to),  strive  {for); 
long  {for). 

cxpeMJieHM|e  [str^i^mPe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  aspiration 
{for),  striving  {for). 

cxpHJHb  [str^ich^]  imperf 
-ry,  -H^euib,  -ryx,  p  -r,  -rjia, 
imp  -FH,  nojcxpHHb  [pA- 
str^'ich^]  perf  cut  {hair); 
shear  {sheep);  ~qb  narojio 
cut  (hair)  close  to  the  skin; 
~qb  HorxH  pare  one's    nails. 

cxpHJHbCJi  [str^ich^s^'a]  im- 
perf -rycb,  -HcembCH,  -ryxcH, 
p  -rcH,  -rjiacb,-  imp  -rHCb, 
-FHxecb,  nojcxpMHbCH  [pA- 
str'^ich^s^a]  perf  cut  one's 
hair;  have  one's  hair  cut. 

cxp6r|HH  [strog^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  -—,  -a,  -o,  -h 
1.  strict  {parents,  etc);  se- 
vere {look,  etc);  2.:  —He  qep- 
Xbi  JiHua  regular  features. 

cxpoeHHJe  [strAyen^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  building,  construc- 
tion {anything  built);  2. 
structure  {of  matter,  etc). 

cxpoace  [strozhi^]  comp  of 
cxporHH  &  corresp  adv. 

cxpoHxcjibcxelo  [strAit^il^- 
stva]  /x-  -a,  --  I.  building, 
constructing,  construction 
{also  fig);  pasBepnyxoe  -~o 
KOMMyHHSMa  comprehensive 
building  of  communism;  2. 
construction  site;  (construc- 
tion) project. 


CTp 


—  464  — 


CTpolHTb  [stroit^]  imperf 
-K),  -Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
no:cTpo;iTb    [pAstroit*']    perf 

1.  build,  construct  {also  fig); 

2.  mil  form  (up); 

«0>    — MTb    rjiasKH    col    make 
eyes    (at). 

CTpolH  [stroy]  m  -h,  pi  -h, 
-68  1.  system  (of  a  state, 
etc);  2.  {pi  -H,  -ee)  m//  for- 
mation; 

<>     BBOAHTb     B     '-fi    put     into 

service  /  operation. 

CTpoHKla  [stroyka]  /  -h, 
CTpoeK  1.  building,  construct- 
ing, construction;  pa66TaTb 
Ha  ~e  work  on  a  construc- 
tion job;  2.  building  under 
construction. 

cxpoHHlbiH  [stroynty]  a  sh 
f  crpoeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  slen- 
der {youngster,  etc);  well- 
-proportioned;  2.  harmonious 
{system,  etc). 

cxpoKJa  [strAka]  /    -h,  ace 

-y   (CTpOKy),     pi     CTpOKH,      ~, 

-aM  line  {of  a  text). 

cTpoH'iKa  [stroch^ka]  f  -kh, 
-eK  =  cTpoKa. 

CTpyKTypja  [struktura]  /  -bi, 
^  structure  {of  an  organiza- 
tion, etc). 

CTpyHJa  [struna]  /  -bi,  pi 
cTpyHbi,  ^  string  {in  musical 
instruments). 

cxpycHTb  see  rpycHTb. 

CTpyJM  [struya]  /  -h,  pi 
CTpyH,  -H,  cTpyHM  1.  jet, 
spurt;  2.  fig:  ~h  ceexa 
stream  /  beam  of  light; 
•^  BHecTH  }KHByK)  —K)  ^  in- 
fuie  a  new  spirit  {into);  put 
spirit  {into). 

CTyACHT    [stud^ent,    -d]   m 


-a,  -OB  student  {of  a  higher 
educational  establishment  or 
a  junior  college) . 

cxyK  [stuk,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
knock,  tap,  rap;  rumble  {of 
wheels). 

CTyKJaTb  [stukat^]  imperf 
-aio.  -aeiub,  cxyKHJyxb  [stuk- 
nut^l  perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  knock,  tap,  rap; 
2.  col  hit,  strike;  3.  {no  im- 
perf) col:  CMv  —  Hyjio  nHXb- 
AecHT  he  is  fifty. 

cxyKJaxbCH  [stukattja]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiUbCH,  cxyK- 
H|yxbcji  [stuknuttja]  perf 
-ycb,  -eiubCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  col  knock 
{against),  bump  {against); 
—HyxbCH  rojioBOH  o  ;iBepb 
strike  one's  head  against  the 
door. 

cxyKHyxb  see  cxyKaxb^ 

cxyKHyxbCji    see  cxyKaxbCH. 

cxyji  [stul]  m  -a,  pi  -bH, 
-bCB  1.  chair  {a  piece  of  fur- 
niture); 2.  med  stooI{s). 

cxyneHJb  [stup'^en^]  /  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft  1.  step  {in  a  lad- 
der, etc);  2.  {pi  gen  -eft) 
stage  {in  development): 

cxynjaxb  [stuch^at'']  imperf 
-y,  -Huib,  p  -kn,  imp  -h,  nol- 
cxynaxb  [pastuch^at**]  perf 
1.  knock,  tap,  rap;  —axb  Ky.ia- 
KOM  bang  one's  fist  {on  the 
table);  2.  {no  perf)  chatter 
{of  teeth);  make  a  noise  {of 
an  engine,  etc). 

cxyH|axbCJi  [stuch^'attja] 
imperf  -ycb,  -HiiibCH,  p  -ajicH, 
-ajiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb,  no;- 
cxyMaxbCR  [pastuch^'attja]  perf 
knock,  tap. 


—  465 


cyiK 


CTbifl  [stit,  -d]  m  -a  shame 
(a  sense  of  embarrassment); 
noxepHTb  ~  be  lost  to  all 
sense  of  shame. 

CTWAlHTbCM  [stid^ittja] 

imperf  cTbi>Kycfa,  -HiubCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  be  ashamed  {of). 

CTMAHO  [stidna]  impers 
predic  it  is  a  shame;  it  is 
shameful;  eMy  '-  he  feels 
ashamed. 

cTflrHBlaxb  [s^t'ag^ivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  cxsiHlyxb 
[s^f'i^nut^]  perf  -y,  CTHHeuib, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  1.  tighten 
{a  knot,  etc);  2.  draw  up 
{forces,  etc);  3.  pull  off 
{one's  clothes);  4.  {no  imperf) 
col  pinch,  steal. 

cy666x|a  [subota]  /  -bi,  ~ 
Saturday. 

cyG-bfRX  [subyekt,  -gd]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  philos  subject;  2. 
col  fellow,  person. 

cyrpoS  [sugrop,  -b]  m  -a, 
-OB  snow-drift. 

cy;t  [sut,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b  1. 
la\y-court,  court;  2.  trial  {of 
a  criminal). 

cy^aK  [sudak,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
pike  perch,   zander. 

cyflaHJeu  [sudan^it^,  -dz]  m 
-u,a,  -ueB  Sudanese. 

cyAaHCK|HH  [sudansk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Sudanese;  Su- 
danic. 

cyfleSHlbifi  [sud^ebniy]  a 
judicial  {proceedings,  etc);  fo- 
rensic {medicine,  etc);  court 
{attr);  ~oe  cjicacxbhc  inves- 
tigation, examination;  ~oe 
paaSHpaxeJibCXBo  lawsuit; 
'-UH  nponecctrial  (o/a  crim- 


inal); —  an  omH6Ka  miscar- 
riage of  justice;  ~biM  nopH^- 
KOM  in  legal  form. 

cyfljinb  [sud^it^]  imperf 
cy>Ky,  cyAHuib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  1.  law  try;  2.  judge  {smth); 

HaCKOJIbKO     OH     MOJKex     ~HXb 

to  the  best  of  his  judgement; 
3.  sport  referee,  umpire; 
<>  cyA«  no  BccMy  to  all  ap- 
pearances. 

cyfl|Hxbcji  [sud^ittsa]  im- 
perf cy>Kycb,  cyAHUibCH,  p 
-HJICH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  be  at  law  {with). 

cyAHlo  [sudna]  n  -a,  pi  cy- 
Aa,  cyAOB  naut    vessel,  craft. 

cyAopor|a  [sudaraga]  /  -h, 
~  cramp,  convulsion. 

cyAopojKHlbiH  [sudarazhnty] 
a  sh  f  cyAopoHcen,  -a,  -o,  -u 
convulsive,  spasmodic(al)  {al- 
so fig). 

cyAox6AH|biH  [sudAkhodniy] 
a  sh  f  cyAox6AeH,  -a,  -O)  -m 
navigable  {river,  etc);  --biH 
uiAioa  shipping  lock. 

cyAb6|a  [sud^ba]  /  -bi,  pi 
cyAb6bi,  cyAe6,  cyAb6aM  fate, 
destiny;  cyAb6H  Hap6A0B  the 
fortunes  of  nations; 
<>  KaKHiviH  ~aMH?  col  fancy 
meeting  you! 

cyAb|fl  [sud^'ya]  m  -h,  pi 
cyAbH,  cyAeft,  cyAbHM  1.  judge; 
xpexeficKHH  —  H  arbitrator; 
2.  sport  referee,  umpire. 

cyeeepHlbiH  [suyi^v^erniy] 
a  sh  f  cyesepeH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
superstitious. 

cyexja  [suyi^ta]  /  -br  fuss, 
bustle,  hustie. 

cyiKAeHH|e  [suzhd^en^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  judgement,  opinion. 


cyxc 


-~  466  — 


cywy  [suzhu]  see  cyjmih. 
cywycb    [suzhus*',    -z^]    see 

CyAHTbCH. 

cyK  [suk,  -g]  m  -a,  pi  cyqbH 
(-h),  cyMbCB  (-6b)  bough. 

cyKHJo  isukno]  n  -a,  pi 
cyKHB,  cyKOH,  cyKHaM  cloth, 
broadcloth; 

<>  nojio«HTb  HTO-ji.  nofl  —6 
shelve  smth.  pigeon-hole 
smth. 

cyMaciL'e;iiu|HH  [sumAshet- 
shiy]  I  a  -an,  -ee,  -He  mad, 
crazy  {also  fig); 
II  as  a  noun  cyMacuie^- 
ihIhh  m  -ero,  -hx  madman; 
cy  M  a  cui  e  jimja  H  /  -eft,. -hx 
\  madwoman. 
^  cyMaxoxja    [sumAtokha]     f 

-H  bustle,  turmoil. 

cyMeplKH  [sum^irk^i]  p/ -eK 
twilight,  dusk. 

cyMJeTb  [sum^et^]  perf  -eio, 
-eemb  be  able  {to  do  smth); 
manage,  succeed  {in  doing 
smth). 

cyMJKa  [sumka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
bag  {for  shopping,  etc);  hand- 
bag;       XOSHHCTSeHHaH        — Ka 

s.hopping-bag. 

cyMM|a  [summa]  /  -h,  ^ 
sum,  sum  total. 

cyMpaK  [sumrak,  -g]  m  -a 
dusk.  dark. 

cyMpaMHJbift  [sumrach^niy] 
a  sh  f  cyMpaqen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  dark,  dusky,  cloudy;  2.  fig 
gloomy,  sulky. 

cyHAyK  [sunduk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  trunk,  box,  chest. 

cyn  [sup,  -b]  m  -a,  pi  -u, 
-OB  soup. 

cynp^r  [supruk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  spouse,  husband. 


cynpyr|a  [supruga]  /  -h,  ^ 
spouse,  wife. 

cypryq  [surguch**,  -j^]  m 
-a  sealing-wax. 

cypoBJbiH  [surovty]  a  sh  f 
^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  severe,  stern; 
~biH  KJiHMai  rigorous  climate; 
~bie  roAbi  BOHHbi  grim  years 
of  the  war;  ~aH  >KH3Hb  hard 
life. 

cycraB  [sustaf,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  anat  joint. 

cyT|KH  [sutk^i]  pi  -OK  day 
{twenty-four  hours);  Kpyrjibie 
— KH  round  the  clock. 

cyTOJioK|a  [sutalka]  /  -h 
commotion,  turmoil. 

cyxyjijbiH  fsutulty]  a  sh  f 
— ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  round-shoulder- 
ed, stooping. 

cyTJb    [sut^,    -d'*]    /  -H  es- 
sence, gist;    crux,    kernel  {of 
a  problem,   etc); 
^  no  ~H   ;iejia  as  a  matter 
of  fact. 

ey(J)jiep  [sufPor]  m  -a,  -ob 
theat  prompter. 

cy(i)(|iHKc  [suf^iks]  m  -a, 
-OB  ling  suUix. 

cyxapjb  [sukhar^]  m  -h, 
-eii  dried  crust. 

cyxloH  [sukhoy]  a  -an,  -de, 
-He,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  cyxo,  cyxH 
1.  dry  {sand,  climate,  cough, 
etc);  2.  dried,  dry;  3.  cold 
{reception,  etc);  dried-up  {per- 
son). 

cyxonyxHwii  [sL'khAputnty] 
a  land  {attr)  {forces,  etc). 

cyHbsi  [sucb^'ya]  see  cyK. 

cyui|a  [susha]  /  -h  land 
{opposite  of  water). 

cyme  [sush**^]  comp  of  cy- 
xoH  &  cor  res  p  adv. 


—  467  — 


cxo 


cyuieHbiH  [sushonfy]  a  dry, 
dried. 

cyui'iHTb  [sushi t^]  imperf 
-y,  cyuiHinb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h, 
Bbicyiij|HTb  [vfsushit^]  perf 
-y,  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  dry 
{wet  things,  etc). 

cymecTBeHHlbiH  [sush'^:e- 
s^t^v^inty]  ash  f  cymecxBen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  essential,  material; 
important,  vital. 

cymecTBHxejibHJoe  [su- 

sh^'.i^s^t^v^it^iPnaya]  n  -oro, 
-bix  ling  noun,  substantive. 

cyiu,ecTB|6  I  [sush^'.i'^stvo] 
n  -a  essence  {of  a  matter,  etc); 
<>  no  —y  1)  to  the  point; 
paccMoxpexb  npej^jiojKeHHe  no 
-—y  examine  the  proposal  on 
its  merits;  2)  as  a  matter  of 
fact,  practically  speaking. 

cymecTBJo  II  [sush^'n^stvo] 
n  -a,  cymecTB  being,  crea- 
ture. 

cymecTBloBaTb  [sush^iist- 
VAvat'']  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -oeaji,  imp  -yft  exist,  be; 
--^yex  MHeHHe,  ^xo...  there  is 
an  opinion  that... 

cymHOCTJb  [sush^mas^t^, 
-z^d^]  /  -H  essence,  main 
point;  B  — 'H,  no  CBoeft  -^w 
virtually; 

<>    B    — 'H    (roBopfl)     practi- 
cally speaking. 

C(iep|a  [s^'f^era]  /  -bi,  ~ 
sphere;  b  bhciuhx  ~-ax  in  the 
higher  quarters. 

c(])opMHpoBaxb  see  4'opMH- 
poBaxb. 

c4)OTorpa^MpOBaTb  see  ^o- 
TorpacJjHpoBaxb. 

c(})oxorpa4)HpoBaTbc$i  see  4)o- 
Torpa4)HpOBaxbCH. 


cxBaxMTb  see  cxBaTbiBaxb  & 
XBax^xb  I. 

cxeaxMXbCfl  see   XBaxaxbca. 

cxBdT|Ka  [skhvatka]  /  -kh, 
pi  -KH,  -OK  skirmish,  close 
fight;  pyKonauiHaa  —Kahand- 
-to-hand  fighting;  2.  pi  fit 
(of  pain);  labour  {of  child- 
-birth). 

cxBaxbiBJaTb  [skhvativat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  cxBaxjiixb 
[skhyAt^it*"]  perf  cxsaqy, 
cxBaxHuib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h  1. 
snatch,  seize,  grip;  2.  col 
catch    {a    disease). 

cxcMJa  [skh^ema]  /  -bi,  — 
diagram,  sketch,  scheme, 

cxoAiHXb  I  [skhAd^it^]  im- 
perf cxoscy,  cxoAHUib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H,  cohIxh  [sAyt^i]  perf 
-Ay,  -Aeiub,  p  coiiieji,  comjia, 
imp  -AH  1.  go  down,  descend; 
come  down  {of  people);  get 
off  {a  tram,  etc);  2.:  cokxh 
c  AoporH  1)  leave  the  road; 
2)  get  out  of  the  way;  — HXb  c 
pejibcoB  go /run  off  the  rails, 
be  derailed;  3.  come  off,  peel 
off  {of  paint,  dirt,  etc);  4. 
col  pass,  go  off  successfully; 
Bce  couiJio  6jiaroiiojiyqHo 
everything  went  off  smoothly; 
5.  be  taken  {for  smb); 
<>  ~MXb  CO  cueHbi  leave  the 
stage;  hc  — h  c  iwecxa  on  the 
spot. 

cxoAlHXb  II  [skhAd^it^l 
perf  cxoJKy,  cxoAHiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  go  {somewhere  and 
return);  ~Hxb  nocMoxpexb  go 
and  see;  —HXb  aa  qeM-ji.  go 
and  fetch  smth. 

cxoA|HXbCfl  [skhAd^i'ttsaJ 
imperf   cxo>Kycb,  cxoAHiubca, 


cxo 


468  — 


p  -HJiCH,  -6jiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb,  coH|THCb  [sAyt^is''] 
perf  -Aycb,  -AeuLibCH,  p  co- 
luejicH,  coiiiJiacb,  imp  -^ikb, 
-;iHTecb  l.meet  {face  to  face); 

2.  meet,    gather,    assemble; 

3.  become    intimate    (with); 

4.  fig  agree  (sy/Y/i  smb  in  or 
about  smth);  coHXHCb  bo  mhc- 
HHHX  be  of  the  same  opinion; 

5.  coincide,  tally. 
cxoactbIo  [skhotjtva]  n  -a 

likeness  resemblance;  simi- 
larity (of  qualities,  etc). 

cueHJa  [stsena]  /  -bi,  —  1. 
theat  stage;  2.  scene  (of  a 
play,  etc);  3.  col  scene,  row; 
ycTpaHBaxb  --y  make  a  scene. 

C4acTJiMB|biH  [sh^:i^s^Pi- 
vty]  a  sh  f  c^acTJiHB,  c^acx- 
.HHBa,  CMaCTJIHBO,  cqacTjiHBbi; 
1.  happy  {childhood,  etc);  2. 
lucky,  fortunate; 
<>  ~o  ocTaBaTbcji!  good  luck! 
{said  by  one  who  is  leaving). 

ciacTble  fsh^:as^t'*ya]  n  -h 
1.  happiness;  2.  luck,  good 
fortune; 

<>  K  -—K)  fortunately;  no  —lo 
as  luck  would  have  it;  Hwerb 
~e  have  the  good  fortune. 

c«ecTb  see  CMHiaib  2. 

CHCT  [sh^:ot,  -d]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  cqeia,  cMexoB  1.  calcu- 
lation, count;  BecTH  ~  count, 
keep  count  {of);  2.  bill,  ac- 
count; 3.  fin  account;  JiHue- 
BOH  —  personal  account;  4. 
score  {in-  a  game);  5.  mus 
tact,  time; 

<«•  KpyrjiuM  ^ OM  in  round 
numbers;  3a  ~  1)  at  the  ex- 
pense of;  2)  owing  to;  b  ko- 
HewHOM  ~e    in  the  end;  ox- 


HCCXH   3a  /  Ha    ^    HCfO-JI.     put 

it  down  to  smth;  npHunxb 
Ha  cBoii  ^  take  smth  as  re- 
ferring to  oneself. 

cnexMHK  [sh*':6t^ch^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  technol  counter;  .sjickx- 
pHqecKHH  [rasoBbift]  -—  elec- 
tricity [gas]  meter. 

cHHxjaxb  [sh^iitat*']  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiub,  cojcHMxaxb  [sa- 
sh'':itat**]  perf,  cnecxb 
[sh^ies^t**]  perf  coqxy,  co- 
qxeuib,  p  cqeji,  coHJia,  imp 
coqxH  1.  (cocqHxaxb)  count, 
compute;  ~axb  b  yMe  do  men- 
tal arithmetic;  2.  (c^ecxb) 
consider,  think,  believe;  oh 
~aex,  qxo...  he  believes 
that... 

cHHxjaxbCJi  [sh^:itattj9]  im- 
perf -aKDCb,  -aeuibCH,  noicMH- 
xaxbCfl      [pash^'ntattsa]    perf 

1.  consider,  take  into  consid- 
eration, reckon  {with);  He 
—axbCH  c  KeM-ji.  refuse  to 
cons-ider  smb's  opinion;  axo 
He  ~aexcH    it  doesn't  count; 

2.  {no  perf)  be  considered/ 
reputed;  oh  --aexcH  xopouiHM 
yqHxeJieM  he  is  considered  a 
good  teacher. 

ciueft  [sh'.ey]  /mp  o/ cuiHXb; 
see  uiHXb. 

ciuHXb  see  uiHXb. 

cb...  see  c... 

c-beAJaxb  [s^'yi^dat'*]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  cbcjcxb  [s^yes^t**] 
perf  -M,  -ujb,  -ex,  -AHM,  -jiyi- 
xe,  -flHx,  p  -Ji,  imp  -lub  eat 
(up). 

c'beA66HlbiH  [s'yi^dobnty] 
a  sh  f  c-beAofieH,  -a,  -o,  -m 
eatable;  edible. 

c-besA    (s^'yest,    -zdj   m  -e, 


469  — 


rai 


-OB  congress  {of  a  party,  etc); 
conference,  convention. 

cbesAlHTb  [s^yez^d'^it^] 
perf  c'be3>Ky,  -Huib,  p  -aji, 
imp  -H  go  (somewhere  by  ve- 
hicle for  a  short  time);  make 
a  short  trip  (to);  ~HTb  k  poA- 
HbiM  go  to  see  one's  relatives. 

cbeMJKa  [s^yomkaj  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  survey  (of  land,  etc); 
2.  shooting  {of  a  film). 

cbecTb  see  cbe^aTb  & 
ecTb  I   1. 

cbiBopoT|Ka  [stvaratkaj  / 
-KH,   -OK  1.    whey;    2.  serum. 

cbirpaxb  see  Hrpaxb  2.  3. 

cbiH  [sin]  m  -a,  pi  -oBba, 
-oBeft,  -oBbHM  son. 

cbinjaxb  [slpat^]  imperf 
-jiio,  -Jieuib,  p  -aji,  imp  -b 
pour  (sand,  flour,  etc). 

cbinjb  [sip^,  -b^j  /  -H 
rash,  eruption, 

cbip  [sir]  m  -a,  pi  -bi,  -ob 
cheese. 

cbiploH  [siroy]  a  sh  f  ~, 
-a,  cb'ipo,  cbipbi  L  damp;  sod- 
den (ground,  etc);  2.  raw,  un- 
cooked; underdone;  3.  fig 
raw  (composition,  etc). 


cbipocT|b  [str^s^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H  dampness. 

cbipbje  [sir^yo]  n  -h  tech- 
nol  raw  material(s). 

cbiTHlbiA  [sttnty]  a  sh  f 
cbixeH,  -a,  -o  -bi  nourish- 
ing, satisfying,  filling;  ~biH 
o6kA  substantial  dinner. 

CbiT|biH  [sfiiy]  a  sh  f  ^, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  satisfied,  replete; 
OH  ~'  he  has  had  his  fill,  he 
has  had  enough. 

cbiii;HK  [sfsh'':ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  detective,  plain-clothes 
man. 

CSKOHOMHTb  See  SKOHO- 
MHTb    1,    2. 

cK)Aa  [s^uda]  adv  here,  to 
this  place;  no>KajiyHCTa,  -^ 
this  way,  please. 

cK))KeT  [s^uzhet,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  subject,  plot. 

cK)pnpH3  [s^urpr^is,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  surprise  (smth.  unex- 
pected). 

cflAy  [s^'aduj,  c^aeuib  [s^a- 
d^ish,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  per- 
sons of  cecTb;    see    ca^HTbCH. 

csiAb  [s^at^,  -d^]  imp  oi 
cecTb;  see  caAHTbCH. 


xa  [ta]  pron  f  xoh,  xoh, 
xy,  XOH,  (o)  XOH  see  xox. 

xa6aK  [tAbak,  -g]  m  -a  (-y) 
tobacco;  tobacco-plant;  hk)- 
xaxejibHbiH  —  snuff. 

xaSjiexJKa  [tAbr°etk9]  / 
-KH,  -OK  tablet  (of  medicine). 

xa6jiHi;|a  [tAbPitjal  /  -bi, 
'*'  table  (of  figures,  etc). 


xaeypexJKa  [tabur^etka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  stool  (a  seat  with- 
out a  back). 

xaAJKHK  [tAdzhfk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  Ta(d)jik. 

XaA)KUKCK|MM  [tAdzhik- 

sk'^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  Ta(d)ji.k. 

xas  I  [tas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi  -U, 
-OB  basin,  wash-bowl. 


ras 


470 


ras  II  [tas,  -z]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  anat  pelvis. 

TaHHCTBeHHJblH    [lAin^S^t^- 

v^'inniy]  a  sh  f  TaHHCxBen, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  mysterious,  secret; 
enigmatic. 

xafi  [tay]  see  raHTb. 

xafirla  [tAyga]  /  -h  taiga 
{dense  forests  in  the  north  of 
Asia  and  the  north-east  of 
Europe)^ 

raHKOM  [tAykom]  adv  se- 
cretly, surreptitiously,  on  the 
quiet;  ~  ot  kofo-ji.  without 
smb's  knowledge;  behind 
smb's  back;  yftxH  -^  steal 
out. 

TaHHJa  [tayna]  /  -bi,  —  1. 
secret  (of  the  -state,  etc);  se- 
crecy; Bbi/taeaTb  — -y  let  out  a 
secret;  aep^axb  b  ^e  keep 
(smth)  secret;  ;toBepHXb  cboh 
—bi  KOMy-Ji,  take  snib  into 
one's  confidence;  2.  mys- 
tery, secret;  enigma;    riddle. 

TaHHwii  [tayniy]  a  secret, 
clandestine. 

raK  [tak,  -g]  I  adv  1.  so, 
(in)  this  [that]  way,  like 
this,  thus;  cAeJiaftxe  sxo  ~, 
KaK  OH  aeJiajix  do  it  the  way 
he  did  it;  oh  ~  neji,  qxo 
see  BocxHmajiHCb  HM  he  sang 
in  such  a  way  that  every- 
body admired  him;  he  sang  so 
well  that  everybody  admired 
him;  oh  roBopHJi  •—,  KaK 
Hy>KHo  he  spoke  the  way  /  as 
it  was  necessary;  cflejiaft  ~ 
>Ke  do  it  in  the  same  way; 
OH  roBopHJi  -',  KaK  6yflxo... 
he  spoke  as  if /though...; 
nycxb  Bce  ocxanexcH  —  let 
everything  remain   as    it  is; 


xbi  He  ~  CAejiaji  3xo  you  did 
it  in  the  wrong  way;  a^ecb 
Mx6-xo  He  —  smth  is  wrong 
here;  ~  h  roBopib  [j\ejia]o 
u  m.  n.\>  am  I  right  [doing 
it  right,  etc]};  hmchho  ^ 
exactly,  just  so;  xomho  ~  in 
exactly  the  same  way;  -^  jih 
(3xo)?  is  that  so?;  ne  —  jih? 
isn't  that  so?;  y>Ke  hosaho, 
He  ~  JIH?  it's  late,  isn't  it?; 
OH  corjiaceH,  He  ~  jih?  he 
agrees,  doesn't  he?;  2.  so,  to 
such  a  degree;  --  xewHo,  ixo 
H  HHqero  ne  BH>Ky  it  is  so 
dark  (that)  1  can't  see  any- 
thing; 3.  without  taking  (nec- 
essary) measures;  6ojie3Hb 
He  npoHAex  --  the  illness 
will  not  pass  without  proper 
treatment;  sxo  eMy  ~'  ne 
npoHAex  he'll  pay  for  it,  he 
won't  get  away  with  it;  -^ 
9X0  He  npoHAex  the  matter 
will  not  rest  there;  it  will 
have  grave  consequences; 

II  cj  1.  then,  in  that  case; 
He  ceroAHH,  —  safixpa  if 
not    today,     then    tomorrow; 

exaxb exaxb   if   we  are 

to  go,  let's;  so  let's  start  /  go; 
2.  so,  then  [in  summing  up); 
~  xbi  coFJiaceH?  so  do  you 
agree?;  3.  and,  but;  roBopHJi 
H,  —  xbi  He  cjiymaji  I  told 
you  so,  and  you  wouldn't 
listen;  4.:  —  qx66bi  so  as; 
~  Mxo  so  tiiat;  —  KaK  as, 
since; 

III  part  denoting  1.  indiffer- 
ence, lack  of  a  definite  at- 
titude, etc:  «^^o  c  xo66h?» 
«TaK».  "What's  the  matter 
with  you?"  "Nothing  in  par- 


—  471  — 


TaM 


ticular";  «noqeMy  tm  oTKa- 
3ajiCH?»  «TaK».  "Why  did  you 
refuse?"  "Because";  2.  affir- 
mation yes;  3.  restriction, 
emphasis:  a  h  —  jtyiviaio,  hto 
OH  npae  as  to  me  I  think  he 
is  right;  cMy  Jier  --  tpha- 
uaxb  he"  is  thirty  or  so; 
^  BOX  —!  1)  that's  right!, 
that's  the  way!;  2)  quite  so!, 
even  sol;  --  box  now  then, 
well  then,  and  so;  -^--xo  box 
so  /  and  that's  that;  h  --  h 
CflK  this  way  and  that;  h  ~ 
as  it  is;  ~'  m  denotes  intensi- 
fication: y  Hee  —  h  jibioxch 
cjiesbi  she's  shedding  floods 
of  tears;  —  h  ecxb  so  it 
is;  ~...  H  denotes  disbelief, 
doubt:  -^  OH  3T0  h  c^eJiaex! 
catch  him  doing  it!,  he'll  do 
it,  like  hell!;  —  h  ne  never 
(contrary  to  what  was  expect- 
ed); —  Hex  denotes  indigna- 
tion: ^  Hex,  OH  He  corjia- 
maexcfl  but  he  won't  agree, 
in  spite  of  everything  he 
doesn't  agree;  ~  Hasbieae- 
MbiH  so-called;  xaK  ce6e  so-so, 
middling;    not  up    to    much. 

xaKJKC  [tagzha]  adv  also, 
too,  as  well;  either  (in  neg 
sentences);  a  —  h  as  well 
as. 

xaKJOH  [tAkoy]  pron  dem 
&  def  -an,  -6e,  -He  1.  suchi 
MHe  HpaBHx'cH  —He  usexfai 
I  like  such  flowers;  ona  ~a5i 
KpacHBan!  she  is  so  beauti- 
ful!, she  is  such  a  beautiful 
woman!;  2.  col  a  sort  of; 
that  sort  of,  like  this /that; 
«ropOAKH»  —  3X0  -—aH  Hrpa 
"gorodki"  is  a  sort  of  game;  [ 


ona  He  -—ofl  qejioRCK  she  is 
not  the  sort  of  person; 
<>  Kxo  Bbi  --OH?  who  are 
you?;  4X0  ~6e?  1)  what's 
the  matter?;  2)  sorry?;  what 
did  you  say?;  what's  that?; 
Hxo  —oe..?:  qxo  ~6e  «ro- 
poAKH»?  what  is  "gorodki"?; 
HXO  xyx  ~6ro?  col  nothing 
unusual  /  extraordinary  about 
it!;  ~HM  oSpasoM  1)  in  such 
a  way;  2)  parenth  thus;  flo 
--OH  cxencHH  to  such  an 
extent  /  a  degree. 

xaKCH  [tAks^i]  n  indecl 
taxi(-cab). 

xaKx  I  [takt,  -gdj  m  -a, 
-OB  mus  time,  measure;  tact; 
ox6MBaxb  '—  beat  time;  c6HXb- 
CH  c  —a  get  out  of  time. 

xaKx  II  [takt,  -gd]  m  -a 
tact  (in  dealing  with  people). 

xaKXHK|a  [takt^ika]  /  -h 
mil  tactics  {also  fig). 

xaKXHHecK|HH  [tAkt^ich'^i- 
sk'My]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  mil 
tactical. 

xaKXHHHlbiH  [tAkt^ich^nty] 
a  sh  f  xaKxii^eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
tactful. 

xajianx  [tAlant,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  talent,  gift;  2.  a  man 
of  talent,  gifted   person. 

xajiHlsi  [taPiya]  /  -h,  -h 
waist,  waistline;  xoHKan  —h 
slender  waist  njiaxbe  b  ~io 
a  dress  closely  fitting  in  the 
waist. 

xajioH  [tAlon]  m  -a,  -ob 
coupon  (1)  of  a  ration  book; 
2)  a  check). 

TAM  [tam]  adv  there,  in 
that  place;  —  /Ke  in  the 
same  place;   ibid; 


TEM 


—  472  — 


<>  ~  H  CHM  here  and  there; 
HH  ~  HM  CHM  neither  here 
nor  there;  — ,  r^e  cj  where 
(denoting  position). 

TaM6m\Ha  [tAmozhn'^a]  / 
-HH,  -eH  custom-house. 

TaHJeu  [tan^itj,  -dz]  m  -ua, 
pi  -ubi,  -ueB  1.  dance  [on  the 
stage,  etc);  2.  pi  dance,  danc- 
ing-party. 

TaHK  [tank,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
mil  tank, 

TaHKHCT  [tAnk^ist,  -zd]  m 
-a,  -OB  tankman,  member  of 
a  tank  crew. 

TaHUJeBaTb  [tantjAvaf*]  im- 
perf  -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -esaji, 
imp  -yS  dance  {to  music). 

TanoHJKH  [tapach'^k^i]  pi 
-eK  {sing  TanoMK|a  /  -h)  slip- 
pers; sport  shoes. 

xapaKaH  ftarAkan]  m  -a, 
-OB  cockroach. 

TapejiJKa  [tAr^'elka]  /  -kh, 
pi  -KH,  -OK  1.  plate  {a  shal- 
low dish);  2.  plateful,  plate 
(of);  3.  pi  mus  cymbals; 
<>  6wTb  He  B  cBoefi  ~Ke  col 
^  be  not  quite  oneself,  be 
out  of  sorts. 

TapH(J)  [tAr^'if,  -v]  m  -a, 
-oB  tariff. 

xacKlaxb  [tAskat'']  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib  [cf  xamHTb  1,  2,  3] 
1.  carry  {a  sack  of  coal,  etc); 
carry  about  {smth  heavy); 
drag,  lug,  pull  {a  heavy  ob- 
ject over  the  ground),  —  aib 
BOAy  fetch  water;  2.  col  car- 
ry, take  {things  somewhere); 
carry  about  /  along;  3.  col 
steal,  pilfer; 

<>  OH  ejie  Horn  ~aex  col  he 
can     hardly     drag     himself 


along;  ~axb  KaiuxaHu  m3 
orHM  ^  be  a  cat's  paw. 

TACC  ftass]  abbrev  (m) 
(=  Tejierpa4)Hoe  areHicTBo 
CoBCTCKoro  CoK)3a)  TASS 
(Telegraph  Agency  of  the  So- 
viet Union). 

xaxapJHH  [tAtar^in]  m 
-HHa,  pi  -bi,   -^  Tatar. 

xaxapcKJHH  [tAtarsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -pe,  -ne  Tatar. 

xaHJKa  [tach^ka]  /  -kh,  -ck 
wheelbarrow. 

xamlHxb  [tAsh^'.it'']  im- 
perf -y,  xaiuHuib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  a  concrete  action,  move- 
ment in  a  definite  direc- 
tion —  1 ,  2,  3  [c/  xacKaib  1 ,  2] 
1.  carry  {a  sack  of  coal,  etc); 
drag,  lug,  pull  [a  heavy  ob- 
ject over  the  ground);  2.  col 
carry,  take  {things  some- 
where); 3.  col  drag  (smb);  in- 
vite {smb  to  the  theatre,  etc); 
urge  {smb  to  come  along,  etc); 
4.   col  steal,  pilfer. 

xaw  [tayu],  xaeiiib  [tayash, 
-zh]  see  xanxb. 

xaHXb  [tayat^j  imperf  xaK), 
xaeuib,  p  xaHJi,  imp  xaft, 
pacjxaflxb  IrAstayat^j  perf 
I,  melt,  thaw;  2.  {no  perf)  im- 
pers:  xaex  a  thaw  has  set  in; 

3.  fig   melt   away,    dwindle; 

4.  fig  melt  {with  pleasure, 
etc), 

xBepA|MXb  [tv^'i^rdMt'']  im- 
perf    XBepH<y,    -Hlllb,     p     -HJI, 

imp  -H  say  /  repeat  over  and 
over  again,  reiterate;  o6  9xom 
—  jix  Bce  it's  the  talk  of  the 
town  [village,  etc]. 

xBcpflo  [tv^'orda]  adv  firm- 
ly, firm;   ^   peuiHXb    be   de- 


473  — 


TCK 


termined,  resolve;  -—  sanoM- 
HHTb  remember  well;  ~  cto- 
HTb  Ha  Horax  be  steady  on 
one's  feet  {also  fig). 

TBepflibiif  [tv^ordiy]  a  sh  f 
'—,  TBep;;a,  -o,  -bi  1,  hard, 
siiif  (not  soft);  solid  [not  liq- 
uid); firm,  strong;  2.  fig 
firm,  steadfast;  unwavering; 
unflinching;  — bift  jiyxoM  un- 
flinching; — aH  yeepeHHOCTb 
firm  belief;  — -bie  anaHHH 
sound  knowledge;  3.  stable 
{prices,  etc); 

<>  '-WH  3HaK  hard  sign  {the 
Russian  letter  «'5»). 

TBepjKe  [tv^orzhi^]  comp  of 
TBep/ibiH  &  corresp  adv. 

TBOJe  [tvAyo]  pron  n  -ero, 
-eMy,  -e  (-ero),  -hm,  (o)  -cm 
see  TBOH. 

TBOH  [tvAi]  pron  pi  -X, 
-M,  -'  (-x),    -MH,    (o)  -X     see 

TBOH. 

tbo|h  [tvoy]  I  pron  poss 
corresp    to  xbi  m    -ero,  -eMy, 

-H    (-ero),    -PIM,     (O)     -CM,    TBO« 

/,    TBoe    n,    TBOH    pi    your; 
yours;  thy;  thine; 
II    as    a   noun    tboh    pi  -x 
your  people  (relatives). 

TBOplHTb  [tvAr^it**]  imperf 
-K),  -Kuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
cojTBOpHTb  [sstvAr^it^]  perf 
1.  create,  produce;  2.  do, 
make;  --HTb  qy^eca  work 
miracles;  —HTb  cy^H  pacnpa- 
By  administer  justice. 

TBopJHTbCJi  [tvAr^ittja]  im- 
perf  -HTCH,    p   -HJICH,     -HJiaCb 

col    happen,    take   place,    go 

on;  qxo  a^ecb  ~-htch?  what's 

happening  here?;   what's  up? 

TBopor  [tvArok,  -gi  m  -a  (-y) 


&  TBopor  [tvorak,  -g]  m  -a 
(-y)  tvorog  (a  sort  of  dry, 
granulated  cream  cheese). 

TBOpHecKJHH  [tvorch^i- 

sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  creative. 

TB6pHecTB|o  [tvorch^istva] 
n  -a  \.  creation  (the  process 
of);  creative  work;  Hap6;;Hoe 
~o  people's  art;  2.  works  (of 
a  writer). 

TBolfl  [tvAya]  pron  f  -reft, 
-eft,  -K),  -eft  (-eK)),  (o)  -eft  see 

TBOH. 

Te  [t^e]  pron  pi  Tex,  tcm, 
Te  (Tex),  TCMH,  (o)  Tex  see  tot. 

T.  e.  Itoyes^t^,  -z^d^]  ab- 
brev  (=t6  ecTb)  i.  e.  (=id 
est),  that  is,  that  is  to  say. 

TeaTp  [t^i^atr]  m  -a,  -ob 
theatre;  onepHbift  —  opera- 
-house;  ■'■^  h  khho  stage  and 
screen; 

<>       —       BOeHHWX        AeHCTBHH 

theatre  of  war;  anaTOMiiHe- 
CKHH  --  dissecting-room. 

TeaTpajibHJbiH  [f'lAtraP- 
nty]  a  1.  theatre  (attr),  the- 
atrical; 2.  fig  theatrical,  af- 
fected, melodramatic. 

Te6e  [t^i^b'^e]  dat  &  pr  of 

TbI. 

Te6fl   [t^i^b^'a]   gen   &   ace 

of    TbI. 

TCSHC  [tez^'is,  -z]  m  -a,  -Ob 
thesis  (in  argument). 

TCK  [t^ok,  -g],  TCKjia  [t^'i^k- 
la]  see  Teqb  I. 

xeKCT  [t^ekst,  -gzd]  m  -a, 
-OB  text  (of  a  book,  etc); 
—'  necHH  words  of  a  song; 
noAJiHHHbiH  ~  the  original 
(text). 

TCKCTHJlbBblH      [f'i^ks^t^il''- 

niy]  a  textile  (attr). 


TeK 


474  — 


TeKym|HH  [t^i^kush^:iy]  a 
[pa]  current  (events,  etc); 
present-day; 

<>  —MH  pCMOHT  routine  re- 
pairs; --HM  CHCT  account 
current, 

TejieBHACHHle  [t^il^i^v^i- 
d^in^iya]  n  -h  television. 

TejieBHsop  [t^il^i^v^izar]  m 
-a,  -OB  television  set;  cmot- 
pCTb  —  col  watch  TV,  see 
in;  no  — y  on  television. 

TCJierla  [t^i^l'^ega]  /  -h,  ~ 
(horse-)cart,  waggon. 

TejierpaMMJa  [t^il^i^gram- 
ma]  /  -bi,  ■—  telegram,  wire, 
cable. 

xejierpacj)  [t^il^i^graf,  -v] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  telegraph;  2.  tel- 
egraph office. 

TejiewJKa  [t^i^Peshka]/-KH, 
-CK  1.  small  cart;  handcart; 
2.  technot  truck. 

xejiCHloK  [t^i^l^dnak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  pt  Tejiflia,  tcjiht  calf 
{a  young  cow  or  bull). 

xejiecfjoH  [t^il'^i^fon]  m  -a, 
-OB  telephone;  Me>K;tyrop6n- 
HhiH  '^  trunk-line;  noAOHiri 
K  ~y  answer  the    telephone; 

n03B0HHTb      KCMy-JI.      HO      —  y 

ring  smb  up;  nonpocHTe,  no- 
>KajiyHCTa,  k  ~y  FleTpoBa 
may  I  speak  to  Petrov, 
please;  y  —  a  hullo  {said  in 
answering  a  telephone  call). 
xejilo  [t^ela]  n  -a,  pi  -a, 
— ,  -£M  body  {1)  of  man;  2) 
a  piece  of  tfiatter);  xeep/ioe 
— o  phys  solid;  »H;iKoe  ~o 
phqs  liquid;  He6ecHoe  '-o 
heavenly  body; 
<>    B    ~e    col   stout,  plump; 


6bixb    npejiaHHbiM    AymoH    h 

— OM  be  devoted  body  and 
soul;  jiepjKaxb  b  MepHOM  ~e 
ill-treat. 

xejiocjioweHHle  [t^ibslAzhe- 
n^iya]  n  -h  build  {of  a  per- 
son). 

xejiflXHHJa  [t^i^Pat'^ina]  / 
-hi  veal. 

xcM  I  [t^em]  I  adv  with 
comp  so  much  the  {wonse, 
better,  etc); 

II  cj  with  comp:  hgm  panb- 
me,  ~  Jiy^me  the  earlier, 
the  better; 

<>  ~  Cojiee,  Hxo...  the  more 
so  as...,  especially  as... 

xeM    II    [f'em]    I    instr  of 
TOT  &  to;  see  tot; 
11  dat  of  Te;  see  tot. 

xcMJa  [t^ema]  /  -m,  ^ 
subject,  theme;  topic. 

TeMH  [t^em^i]  pr  of  xe; 
see  TOT. 

xeMHJexb  [t^i^mn^ef'l  im- 
perf  -eex,  noixeMHexb  [pa- 
t^'i^mn^et'']  perf,  cixeMHexb 
[s^t^'i^mn^et^l  perf  1.  (noxcM- 
HCTb)  darken,  grow /become 
dark;  2.  impers  get  dark;  3. 
(no  perf)  loom,  be  visible 
(of  some  dark  object). 

xcMHOxja  [t^imnAta]  /  -b'l 
dark,  darkness;  b  — e  in  the 
dark;  KaKan  —a!  how  dark  it 
is  here! 

xeMHJbiH  [t^omnty]  a  sh  f 
xeMeH,  xeMHa,  tcmho  (-o), 
TeMHbi  (-bi)  1.  dark  (colour, 
hair,  etc);  2.  fig  dark,  ob- 
scure, vague;  ~oe  mccto  b 
TCKCTe  obscure  passage  in  a 
text;  3.  //^  suspicious,  shady; 
~oe    AeJio     fishy    business; 


—  475  — 


rep 


4.    fig    ignorant;     illiterate, 
uneducated. 

TeMn  [temp,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
I.  rate,  speed;  tempo,  pace; 
-^  pocTa  rate  of  growth;  He 
CHH>KaTfa  --OB  keep  up  the 
pace;  2.  mus  tempo. 

TeMnepaMBHT  [t^'imp^i^ra- 
m^mt,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  temper- 
ament {a  passionate  dispo- 
sition). 

TeMnepaxypja  [t^imp^irA- 
tura]  /  -bi,  —  temperature; 
-—a  KHneHHH  boiling-point; 
^a  3aMep3aHHH  freezing- 
-point;  y  Hero  —a  he  has/ 
is  running  a  temperature. 

t6hhhc  [tenuis,  -z]  m  -a 
tennis;  HacxojibHbiH  -'  table- 
-tennis. 

TeHJb  [f'en^]  /  -h,  -eft  1. 
shade  {comparative  darkness); 
B  — H/noA-^bK)  in  the  shade 
(o/);  2.  shadow  (/)  from'  an 
object,  etc;  2)  a  ghost,  appa- 
rition); Teaxp  --eH  galanty 
show;  3.  fig  vestige,  shade, 
shadow;  hh  ---h  coMHeHHH 
not  a  shadow  of  doubt; 
<>  6pocaTb  — b  Ha  Koro-ji. 
cast  aspersions  on  smb;  jiep- 
jKaxbcji  B  ~H  keep  in  the 
background  /shade. 

TeopeTH4ecK|MH  [t^iAr^i^- 
t^ich^isk^iy]  a  -asi,  -oe,  -He 
theoretical. 

Te6pH|a  [t^i^or^iya]  /  -h, 
-H  theory. 

xenepb  [t^i^p^er^]  adv  now; 
at  present;  nowadays. 

xenjijo  I  [t^i^plo]  n  -a  1. 
phys  heat;  2.  warmth,  heat; 
ABa  rpa^yca  -~-a  two  degrees 
above  zero,  +2°  C. 


xenjio  II  [t^i^plo]  I  adv 
warmly  {also  fig); 
II  impers  predic  it  is  warm; 
B  3TCM  najibTo  ^  the  coat 
is  warm;  eMy  [efi  u  m.  d.] 
—  he  [she,  etc]  is  warm. 

xenjioxla     [t^iplAta]     /    -bi 

1.  phys  heat;  CAHHHua  —bi 
thermal  unit;  2.  warmth  {of 
the  air,  etc);  3.  fig  warmth; 
affection;  aymeBHaH  —a 
warm-heartedness. 

xenjioxoA  [f^ipUkhot,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  motor  ship  /  vessel. 

xenji|biM  [t^opUy]  a  sh  f 
lencT,  xenjia,  -o  (xenjio),  -bi 
(xenjibi)  \.  warm  {weather, 
etc);    lukewarm    {water,  etc); 

2.  fig  warm,  cordial;  affec- 
tionate; ~WH  npHCM  cordial  / 
warm  welcome, 

xepexb  [t^'i^r^et^]  imperf 
xpy,  xpeujb,  p  Tep,  xepjia, 
imp  TpH  1.  rub  {one's  eyes, 
etc);  2.  rub,  polish;  3.  rub 
sore,  chafe;    4.    grate,  grind. 

xepsjaxb  [t^'i^rzat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib  1,  tear  /  pull  to 
pieces;  2.  fig  torment,  prey 
on  one's  mind. 

xepMHH  [t^erm^in]  m  -a, 
-OB  term  {a  special  word), 

xepMOMcxp  [t^i^rmom^itr] 
m  -a,  -OB  thermometer. 

xepMoc  [termas,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  thermos  (bottle). 

xepnejiHB|biH  [t^irp'^i^Pi- 
viy]  a  sh  f  --',  -a,  -o,  -bi 
patient  {showing  patience). 

xepneHHJe      [t^i^rp^en^iya] 
n  -H  1.  patience,    endurance; 
forbearance;  2.  patience,  per- 
severance; 
<>    §10     nepenojiHHJio  naiuy 


rep 


476 


ero   -^a   ^    it    was    the  last 
straw. 

Tepn|eTb  [t^i^rp^et^]  im- 
perf  -jiK),  TepnHUib,  p  -eji, 
imp  -H  1.  suffer,  endure;  2. 
stand,  bear,  suffer,  tolerate, 
put  up  with;  H  ero  xepneTb 
He  Mory  I  can't  stand  him; 
<>  BpeMsi  xepnHT  there's 
plenty  of  time,  there's  no 
hurry;  acjio  hc  repnHT  the 
matter  is  urgent. 

TepnHM'|biH  [f'i^rp^imiy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  toler- 
ant, forbearing  (person);  2. 
tolerable,     bearable    (thing). 

Teppac|a  [t^'i^rasa]  /  -bi,  ~ 
terrace. 

TeppHTopHjfl  [t^ir^itor^iya] 
/  -H,  -ft  territory. 

xeppop  [teror]  m  -a  terror, 
terrorism. 

Tep|jiTb  [f'i^r^at^]  imperf 
-Hio,  -Heuib,  noiTepaxb  [p9- 
^bjej.b^t'']  perf  lose  (1)  a  book, 
money,  etc;  2)  one's  sense  of 
humour,  patience,  etc);  shed 
leaves,  etc);  --HTb  BpeMH 
waste  time;  bh  HHqero  ue 
—Heie  you  lose  /  miss  nothing 
by  it; 

<>    He     ~«Tb    rojiOBbi    keep 
one's  head. 

Tep|«Tbcsi  [t^i^r^attja]  im- 
perf -Hiocb,  -HeujbCH,  noJTe- 
pqjbCJi  [pat^i^r^attja]  perf  1. 
be  /  get  lost;  2.  be  at  a  loss, 
lose  one's  presence  of  mind. 

TeccMlKa  [t'^i^s^'omka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  tape,  ribbon,  braid. 

recHO    [f'esna]    I    adv    1. 
tight,  close(ly);    2.  -fig   inti- 
mately; 
II  impers  predic  1.:  b  Barone 


—  the  carriage  is  crowded; 
HM  —  B  3T0H  KBapxHpe  this 
flat  is  too  small  for  them; 
HM  —  CH^exb  they  are  sitting 
too  tight;  2.  it  is  tight;  b 
njieqax  —  it  is  tight  across 
the  shoulders. 

xecHoxla  [t^isuAta]  /  -bi 
closeness,  narrowness,  small- 
ness,  tightness;  KaKan  -^a! 
what  a  cram!,  how  crowded 
it  is  here! 

xecHJbiH  [t^esniy]  a  sh  f 
xeceu,  -a,  -o,  -u  (-bi)  1.  nar- 
row (passage,  etc);  cramped; 
small  (room,  etc);  2.  small, 
tight  (clothes,  boots);  3.  close, 
compact;  ~biM  cxpoeM 
shoulder  to  shoulder;  4.  fig 
close,  intimate. 

xecxjo  [t^esta]  n  -a  dough, 
paste;  Cfl66Hoe  —o  fancy  pas- 
try; cxaBHXb  -—o  make  dough. 

xecx|b  [t^es^t'',  -z^d*"]  m 
-H,  pi  -H,  -eft  father-in-law 
(wife's  father). 

xexJKa  [t^otka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
aunt. 

xexpa;i|b  [t^i^trat^,  -d^]  / 
-H,  -eft  notebook,  writing- 
-book,  exercise  book,  copy- 
-book. 

xexjji  [t^ot^a]  /  -H,  -eft 
col  1.  aunt;  2.  aunt,  aunty 
(form  of  address);  3.  woman, 
dame. 

xex  [t^ekh,  -gh]  gen,  ace 
&  pr  of  xe;  see  xox. 

xex...  first  element  of  com- 
pounds pertaining  to  "technol- 
ogy*', "technics":  xexMHHHMyM 
[t^ekhm^'in^'imum]  (required) 
minimum  of  technical  knowl- 
edge. 


—  477 


THX 


xexHHK  [t^ekhn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  technician,  mechani- 
cal engineer. 

xexHMKJa  [t^ekhn^'ika]  /  -h 
1.  techniques,  technics;  HavKa 
H  ~a  science  and  engineer- 
ing /  technology;  2.  technique 
{method  of  procedure)',  3. 
(technical)  equipment;  ma- 
chinery; 

<>    ~a   6e3onacHOCTH  safety 
arrangements. 

xexHHKyM  [t^ekhn^ikum]  m 
-a,  -OB  junior  college, 

TeHeHH|e  [t^i^ch^en^'iya]  n 
-51,  -ft  1.  flow,  course,  run; 
'-e  Aeji  course  of  affairs;  2. 
flow,  current,  stream;  3.  fig 
current,  trend,  tendency; 
<>  B  ^-e  during;  for  {some 
time). 

TCMb  I  [t^ech^]  imperf  le- 
qeT,  TCKyx,  p  xeK,  xeKjia  1. 
flow,  run,  stream;  gush,  pour; 
KpoBb  xe^ex  H3  paHbi  blood 
is  oozing  from  the  wound; 
y  Hero  m  Hocy  xenex  he  has 
a  running  nose;  2.  fig  pass 
{of  time);  BpeMH  xenex  6bicxpo 
[Me;i;ieHHo]  time  flies  [drags 
on];  3.   leak,  be  leaky. 

xeH|b  II  [t''ech^  j^]  /  -h, 
-eft  leak;  Aaxb  ~b  spring  a 
leak. 

xemja  [t^6sh^:a]  /  -h,  ~ 
mother-in-law (ziy//e's  mother). 

xHPp  [f'igr]  m  -a,  -ob  tigers 

xHHJa  [t^ina]  /  -u  mud, 
slime,  silt;  mire. 

XHH  [t^'ip,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  type,  class;  model,  pattern; 
species;  2.  col  fellow,  char- 
acter. 

xMflMHHJwM    [t^'ip'^ich^nty] 


a  sh  f  xHnftqeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
typical,   characteristic. 

XHnoBOH  [t^ipAvoy]  a  stand- 
ard {attr),  model  {attr),  pat- 
tern {attr). 

XHnorpa(i)M|5i  [t^ipAgra- 
f^iya]  /  -H,  -H  printing-house, 
printing-works. 

XHpa*  I  [t^irash,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  drawing  {of  a  lottery, 
etc); 

<>  BUHXH  B  -^  have  served 
one's  time;  become  superan- 
nuated. 

xHpaw  II  [t^irash,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  circulation  {of  a 
newspaper);  edition  {so  many 
copies). 

xHpe  [t^ire]  n  indecl  dash 
{in  writing). 

xHxyji  [t^itul]  m  -a,  -ob 
title  {1)  of  a  nobleman,  etc; 
2)  a  title-page). 

fMcJ)  [t^if,  -v]  m  -a  med 
typhus;  CpwiuHoft  —  typhoid 
fever;  cunHoft  -~-  typhus. 

XHXJHH  [t^ikh^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -h 
1.  quiet  {footsteps,  etc);  soft, 
gentle;  still,  serene;  low, 
faint;  2.  quiet,  calm,  peace- 
ful; 3.  slow,  unhurried;  slack, 
sluggish; 

<>  b  —  OM  OMyxe  nepxH  b6- 
jiMxcsi  =  still  waters  run 
deep. 

xHxo  [t^ikha]  I  adv  \. 
quietly,  softly,  gently;  si- 
lently; 2.  quietly,  calmly, 
peacefully;  3.  slowly;  slug- 
gishly; 4.  col;  ~!  1)  silence!, 
hush!;  2)  gently!,  careful!; 
II  impers  predic  1.  it  is 
!>  quiet;  2,  the  weather  i^  calm* 


THUI 


478 


THiue  [t^ishi^l  comp  of  th- 
XHH  &  corresp  adv. 

THuiHH|a  [t^ishina]  /  -bi 
quiet,  silence;  calm,  piece; 
—  a  H  cnoKOHCTBHe  peace  and 
quiet;  coS.riioAaTb  ~y  keep 
quiet;  keep  silence. 

TKaHJb    [tkan^]    /    -h,     -eft 

1.  cloth,  fabric,  material; 
MarasHH    —eft    drapery  shop; 

2.  hiol  tissue. 

TKalTb  [tkat^]  imperf  TKy, 
TKeuib,    p    -Ji,    -Jia    (TKajia), 

-JIO       -JIH,      imp  TKH,   COTK|aTb 

[sAtkat^]  perf-y,  -eiub,  p  -aji, 
-ajia  (-ajia),  -ajio,-ajiH,  imp  -h 
weave  (a  cloth,  threads). 

TKan  [tkach^,  -j^]  m  -a, 
-eft  weaver. 

TKH  [tk^i]  see  TKaib. 

TKy  [tku],  TKeuib  [tk^osh, 
-zh]  see  TKaxb. 

TJieJTb  [tl^et^]  imperf  -ex, 
p  -Ji  i.  rot,  decay,  putrefy; 
2.  smoulder  {also  fig). 

TO  I  [to]  cj  \.  introducing 
the  main  clause  that  follows 
a  preceding  clause  of  condi- 
tion: ecjiH  Te6e  He  xoneTCJi, 
TO  He  xojxii  Ty;ia  if  you  are 
unwilling,  (then)  you  may 
not  go  there;  paa  Taw,  to  h 
noHAy  if  so,  then  I  shall  go; 
2.:  TO...,  TO...  now...  now...; 
sometimes...  sometimes...;  He 
TO...,  He  TO...  either...  or...; 
He  TO  3HMa,  He  to  Becna  half 
winter,  half  spring;  to  jih..., 
TO  jiH...  whether...  or.  .; 
<^  (aa)  H  to  and  even  then; 
OH  npoqHTaji  CTaTbib  To.ibKO 
o^HH  paa,  Aa  h  to  6er.io  he 
read  the  article  only  once, 
and  even  then  hurriedly. 


to     II     [to]    pron    n    Toro, 

TOMy,    TO    (TOro),    TeM,    (o)    TOM 

see  TOT. 

-TO  [ta]  part  1.  intens: 
3Toro-TO  H  H  xoTeji  that's 
exactly  what  I  wanted;  b 
t6m-to  h  flejio  that's  just  it; 
r^e-TO  OH  ceftqac?  where  is 
he  now,  I  wonder?;  2.  form- 
ing indefinite  pronouns  or 
adverbs  when  added  to  kto, 
qTO,  etc:  kt6-to  somebody, 
someone;  r^e-To  somewhere, 
in  some  place. 

to66h  [tAboy],  toSojo  [tA- 
boyu]  instr  of  th. 

Toeap  [tAvar]  m  -a,  -ob 
goods,  wares;  merchandise, 
commodity;  npo^oBOjibCTBeH- 
Hbie  — bi  food-stuffs;  npo- 
MbimjieHHbie  ~bi  manufac- 
tured goods. 

TOBapHm,[tAvar^ish^:,-zh^:] 
m  -a,  -eft  1.  comrade;  friend, 
mate;  companion  {of  a  person); 
colleague;  ~  no  pafioTe  fel- 
low-worker, colleague;  —  no 
opyjKHK)  comrade-in-arms;  2. 
Comrade  {form    of    address). 

TOBapMmecKJMH  [tAvar^i- 
sh^:isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1. 
comradely,  friendly;  2.:  -^an 
BCTpeqa  sport  friendly  match; 
<>  — MH  cyfl  comrades' 
court. 

TOBapH|biH  [tAvarnfy]  a  1. 
econ  commodity  {attr)  {cir- 
culation, etc);  marketable 
{surpluses,  etc);  2.:  ~bjft 
CKJiaji  warehouse. 

Torfla     [tAgda]     adv     then 
(/)  at  that  time;  2)  in  that 
case); 
<>  -^  KaK  whereas. 


—  479 


TOJI 


Toro  [tAvo]  gen  &  ace  of 
TOT  &  to;  see  tot. 

TO  ecTb  [toyos^t^,  -z^d^] 
cj  that  is,  that  is  to  say. 

TOHte  [tozha]  I  adv  also, 
too,  as  well;  either  (in  neg 
sentences);  h  [mh  u  m.  d.\ 
■—  so  am  [do,  have,  must, 
etc]  I  [we,  etc];  neither  am 
[do,  have,  must,  etc]  I  [we, 
etc]; 

II    part:    th    —    xopom!    col 
you  are    a  nice  one,  you  are! 

toh  [toy]  gen,  dat,  instr 
&  pr.  of  Ta;  see  tot. 

tok  [tol<,  -g]  m  -a  (-y),  -ob 
electr  current. 

TOKaplb  [toksr^]  m  -h,  pi 
-H  (-H),  -eft  (-eft)  turner,  lathe 
operator." 

TOJiK  [tolk,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -H,  -OB  1.  col  sense  {smth 
sound,  wise,  or  reasonable), 
use,  usefulness,  utility;  hto 
—y?  what's  the  use?;  h3 
SToro  He  BbiH^eT  -~y  nothing 
will  come  of  it;  2-.  {mostly 
pi)  talk,  rumour(s); 
<>  c  --0M  intelligently,  with 
sense;  6e3  xcjiKy  to  no  pur- 
pose; B3$iTb  B  —  ^  under- 
stand. 

TOjiKJaTb  [tAlkat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  TOJiKH|yTb  [tAlk- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -eiiib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  push,  shove;  2.  fig 
incite,  instigate;  --aTb  ua 
npecTynjieHne  instigate  to 
crime. 

TOjiK|aTbc«  [tAlkattsa]  im- 
perf -aKDCb,  -aeuibCH  1.  push 
(one  another);  He  --aftcH!, 
He  ~aftTecb!  don't  push!; 
2.  col  loaf /gad  about. 


TOjiKHyxb  see  TOjiioTb. 

TOJiKJoBaxb  [talkAval*']  im- 
perf -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yft  1.  interpret  (the  law, 
etc);  jioHCHo  ~0BaTb  misinter- 
pret; 2.  col  explain,  make 
clear;  3.  col  talk  about,  dis- 
cuss; converse;  ~OBaTb  o  ;;e- 
jiax  talk  business. 

TOJiKOBJbiH  [tAlkovty]  a  sh 
f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  sensible, 
intelligent;  — bifl  qejioBCK  a 
man  with  a  good  head  on 
his  shoulders;  2.:  —bift  cjio- 
Bapb  an  all-English  [ali-Rus- 
sian,  etc]   dictionary. 

TOJiKOM  [tolkam]  adv  col 
plainly,  clearly;  sensibly. 

TOJijOKb  [tAloch^]  imperf 
-Ky,  -qeiub,  -KyT,  p  -ok,  -KJia, 
imp  -KH,  paciTOjioHb  [rastA- 
loch^]  perf  pound,  grind; 
<>  ~64b  BOAy  B  cxyne  ^ 
beat  the  air. 

TOJinja  [tAlpa]  /  -bi,  pi 
TOJinbi,   ~  crowd,  throng. 

TOjin|HTbCfl  [tAlp^ittsa]  im- 
perf -HTCH  crowd,  throng. 

TOJiCT|eTb  [tAlst^et^]  im- 
perf -eKD,  -eemb,  nojTOJicTeTb 
[patAlst^et^]    perf    grow    fat. 

TOjicrlbiH  [tolstiy]  a  sh  f 
—,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  \.  thick 
{book,  etc);  ~aH  najiKa  stout 
stick;  2.  stout,  fat,  corpulent; 
<>  —an  KHuiKa  anat  large 
intestine. 

TOJiHJoK  [tAlch^ok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  1.  push;  jerk,  jolt, 
shock;  2.  fig  impetus,  stimu- 
lus; 3T0  nocjiyjKHJio  fljiH  Her6 
~k6m  it  spurred  him, 

TOjime  [t61sh'':i]  comp  of 
TOJiCTbift  ^  corresp  adv. 


TOJl 


—  480  — 


TOJim,HHla  [t9lsh^:ina]  /  -bi 

1,  thickness  (of  a  book,   etc); 

2.  stoutness,  corpulence. 
TOJibKo  [tol^'ka]  I  part  de- 
noting 1.  restriction,  limita- 
tion only,  but;  2,  inten-^ifi- 
cation'.  KaKHX  '-'  khhf  hct 
y  Hero!  what  books  has  he 
not!;  KOMy  ~  ona  He  noMO- 
rajia!  whom  has  she  not  help- 
ed!; saqeM  [oTKyAa  u  ni.  n.] 
'—...  why  [where,  etc]  on 
earth...;  3.  prohibition,  threat'. 
nocMefi  --!  don't  you  dare!, 
if  you  dare!;  '-  nonp66yH 
B3HTb  3To!  if  I  catch  you 
taking  this!,  just  try  to  take 
it!; 

II  cj  \.  introducing  an  ad- 
ditional thought'.  Mbi  noHAeM 
Ty^a,  —  HCMHoro  oTAOxneM- 
we'll  go  there,  only  first 
we'll  rest  a  while;  we'll  go 
there  after  a  short  rest;  2.: 
'-  Bbi  yexaJiH,  KaK  oh  no3Bo- 
HHJi  hardly  had  you  left  when 
he  gave  us  a  ring;  3.:  -—  6bi 
if  only; 

«^  -^  HTO  just  now,  just; 
'-  ero  H  BHAe.iHl  col  and 
that  was  the  last  we  [they, 
etc]  saw  of  him! 

TOM  I  [tom]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  volume,  tome. 

TOM     II     [tom]      pr     of     TOT 

&  to;  see  tot. 

TOM|HTbcji  [tAm^ittja]  im- 
perf  -jiibcb,  -HiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-H.nacb,  imp  -HCb,  -HTecb  lan- 
guish; pine  {for);  ~HTbCH 
>Ka>KAOH  1)  be  parched  with 
thirst;  2)  fig  thirst  (for)', 
-^HTbca  no  HCMy-ji.  yearn  for* 
smth. 


TOMy  [tAmu]  dat  of  tot 
&  to;  see  tot. 

TOH  [ton]  m  -a,  pi  -a  (-u), 
-OB  lone  (/)  mus,  phys;  2)  of 
displeasure,  etc,  3)  in  paint- 
ing)', 

<>  '^OM  HHKc  1)  mus  one 
tone  lower;  2)  in  calmer 
tones  {of  the  voice)',  noBbi> 
cHTb  ^  raise  one's  voice; 
CHHSHTb  /  c6aBHTb  —•  sing 
small;  nonacTb  b  -—  hit  the 
right  tone;  xopoiuHH  [AypHOHJ 
—  good  [bad]  form  {of  behav- 
iour). 

tohkIhh  [tonk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  tohok,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  thin  {book,  etc);  fine, 
delicate;  slender,  slim;  2.  del- 
icate, subtle;  dainty;  3.  keen 
{senses);  4.  subtle  {critic,  ar- 
tist, etc);  --HH  Ha6jiio;ia- 
Tejib  keen  observer;  5.  subtle, 
shrewd,  astute. 

TOHHJa  [tdnns]  /  -bi,  ~  ton 
{one  thousand  kilograms). 

TOHHejijb  [tAnel**]  m  -h, 
-eft  =  Tynnejib. 

TOHlyTb  [tAnut^]  imperf 
-y,  Tonemb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h, 
noiTOHyTb  [patAnut^]  perf, 
y;TOHyi;b  [utAnut^]  perf 
1.  sink,  go  down  {of  a  ship, 
etc);  2.  drown,  get  drowned; 
3.  fig  be  lost. 

TOHbuie  [ton^sht^]  comp  of 
TOHKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

Ton|HTb  I  [tAp^it'']  imperf 
-jiK),  Tonnmb,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
heat  (a  stove,  etc). 

ToniHTb  II  [iAp^ii^]  imperf 

-JIK),    TOHHUlb,    p    -HJI,    imp     -H 

melt,  render  (down). 


481  — 


TOP 


TonJHTb  III  [tAp^'it^]  im- 
perf  -jiK),  Tonumb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  noiTonHTb  [patAp^it^] 
perf,  y.iTonHTb  [utAp'^it^j 
perf    1.    sink  (a    boat,    etc); 

2.  drown  {a  person,  animal); 

3.  fig  col  ruin. 

TonjiHBJo  [topPiva]  n  -a 
fuel;  >KHAKoe  ~o  fuel  oil; 
TBepAoe  ~o  solid  fuel. 

T6noji|b  [topal^]  m  -h,  pL 
-H,  -eft  poplar. 

Tonop  [tApor]  m  -a,  -6b 
axe. 

TonoT  [topat,  -d]  m  -a 
footfall;  tramping,  stamping; 
clatter  {of  hoofs). 

Tonxlaxb  [tAptat'']  imperf 
Tonqy,  Tonqeiub,  p  -aji,  imp 
TonqH  1.  trample  down;  tread 
under  foot;  2.  col  make  dirty 
{with  one's  feet,  boots); 
3.  fi^  trample,  ride  rough- 
shod over. 

ToprjoBaTb  [targAvat^]  im- 
perf -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yft  1.  deal  {in),  trade 
{in);  iTade{with);  sell  {goods); 
—  oeaTb  onTOM  [b  posHHuy] 
sell  by  wholesale  [by  retail]; 
2.:  MarasHH  —  yex  jxo  ceMH 
(qacoB)  the  shop  is  open  till 
seven  p.  m. 

TOprloBaTbCft  [targAvattja] 
imperf  -yiocb,  -yeuibCH,  p 
-OBajicfl,  -oBajiacb,  imp  -yflcH, 
-yH'recb  1.  bargain,  haggle; 
2.  fig  col  argue,  wrangle. 

Toprosleu  [tArgov^'itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  merchant,  dealer; 
trader;,  tradesman. 

ToproBJijji  [tArgovPa]  /  -h 
trade,  commerce. 

ToproBlbiii      [tArgoviy]      a 


trade      {attr);      commercial; 

—  biH    (|)jioT    merchant    fleet; 

—  an  ceTb  network  of  shops, 
trading  network. 

TOprnpeA  [tArkpr^et,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  (=  ToproBbiH  npe;t- 
CTaBHiejib  CCCP)  trade  rep- 
resentative of  the  USSR. 

Toprnpe;iCTB|o  [tArkpr^etjt- 
va]  n  -a,  -^  (=  xoproBoe 
npeflCTaBHTejibCTBO  CCCP) 
Trade  Mission  of  the    USSR. 

TopmecTBeHHlbiH  [tArzhe- 
s^'t^v^mnty]  a  sh  f  xopjKecT- 
BeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  festive, 
gala;  2.  solemn  {pledge,  etc); 
ceremonial. 

TopmecTBlo  [tarzhi^stvo]  n 
-a,  TopjKecTB  1.  festival, 
fete;  0KTH6pbCKHe  ~a  October 
celebrations  {to  mark  an 
anniversary  of  the  Great 
October  Socialist  Revolution 
in  Russia);  2.  triumph,  victo- 
ry; 3.  triumph,  exultation. 

TopMos  [tormas,  -z]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  1.  technol  brake; 
2.  {pi  -bi,  -OB)  fig  obstacle, 
hindrance. 

TopMoalHTb  [tarmAz^it^] 
imperf  xopMOJKy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H,  saiTopMosHTb  [zatar- 
mAz^it^]  perf  1.  technol 
brake,  apply  /  put  on  the 
brake;  2.  fig  hamper,  hinder, 
impede. 

Topon|HTb  [tarAp^it^]  im- 
perf  -JIK),    TOpOHHrnb,     p     -HJI, 

imp  -H,  npJTOponHTb  [pata- 
rAp^it^j  perf  1.  hurry,  hasten, 
urge  on;  2.  {no  perf)  precipi-. 
tate,  expedite. 

ToponlMTbCH  [tarAp^ittja] 
imperi    -jiibcb,    TopdnHuibca, 


Top 


—  482 


p  -HJica,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hiecb,  noixoponHTbCfl  [pa- 
tarAp^ittsa]  perf  be  in  a  hur- 
ry, hasten. 

ToponjiHB|biH  [tarApl'^iviy] 
a  sh  f  —,  -a,  -o,  -bi  hasty, 
hurried.. 

TOpneji|a  [tArp^eda]  /  -bi, 
~  mil  torpedo. 

Tppx  [tort,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
(big  fancy)  cal<e. 

Top(|)  [torf,  -v]  m  -a    peat. 

TOpHiaxb  [tArch^'at'']  imperf 
-y,     -HUJb,    p    -aji,    imp     -h 

1.  stick  out,  stand  out;  show, 
be  seen;  2.  col  stick  {at  home, 
etc);  ~aTb  nepe^  rjiaaaMH 
always  be  before  smb's  eyes; 

OH    ~HT     TaM     UeJIblMH    AHHMH 

he  hangs  about  the  place  for 
days  on  end. 

TOCKJa  [tAska]  /  -h  1.  mel- 
ancholy, depression;  anguish; 

2.  boredom,  tedium;  HasoAHTb 
--y  Ha  Koro-ji,  bore  smb  to 
death;  3.  longing,  yearning; 
—  a  no  poAHHe  homesickness, 
nostalgia. 

TocKjiuB|biH  [tAskl^iviy]  a 
sh  f  '^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  dreary, 
dull;  sad,  melancholy;  ~oe 
HacTpoeHHe  low  spirits. 

TocK|oBaTb  [taskAvat'']  im- 
perf -yvD,  -yeujb,  p  -o^aji, 
imp  -yft  1.  be  sad  /  melan- 
choly, feel' miserable,  2.  long 
(for),  pine  (/or),  miss;  -~o- 
Baxb  no  jiouy  be  homesick. 

TOCT  [tost,  -zd]  m  -a,  -ob 
toast  (to    smb's   health,  etc). 

TOT  [tot,  -d]  I  pron  dem  m 
Toro,  TOMy,    ~    (Toro),    tcm, 

(O)    TOM,      Ta     /,     TO     n,    TC    pi 

1.   that;   —  CTOJi    that    table; 


Ta  KHHra  that  book;  to  okho 
that  window;  Te  jho^h  those 
people;  hh  —  hh  ApyroH 
neither;  h  ~  H  Apyroft  either, 
both;  ~  HJiH  jipyroH  either 
{one  of  two);  ~  TKe  (caMbiH) 
the  same;  2.  the  other;  na 
TOH  cTopone  on  the  other 
side;  3.  the  right;  ne  to  the 
wrong  thing;  ne  coBce.M  to 
not  quite  the  right  thing; 
not  quite  the  same  thing; 
4.:  — ...,  KOTopbiH...  the... 
that...;  3T0  Ta  KHHra,  koto- 
pyK)  Tbi  MHe  o6emaji?  is  this 
the  book  (that)  you  promised 
me?; 

II  as  a  noun  to  n  Toro 
1.  that,  those;  to  6biJi  Tpy;;- 
HbiH  jieHb  that  was  a  diffi- 
cult day;  to  6bijiH  TpyjxHbie 
flHH  those  were  difficult  days; 
c  TCM  with  that;  o  tom  about 
that;  2.:  to,  mto...  the  fact 
that...; what...,  that  which...; 

III  as  part  of  cj:  bmcctq 
Toro,  MT66bi...  instead  of..,; 
c  TeM,  MT66bi...  in  order  to...; 
in  order  that...,  so  that...; 
nocji'e  Toro,  KaK...  after... 
{in  clauses  of  time)-,  j[o  Toro, 
KaK...  before...  {in  clauses 
of  time);  nepejx  TeM,  KaK... 
before...  {in  clauses  of  time); 
k  ToMv  jKe  besides,  moreover; 
into  the  bargain;  h  6e3  tofo 
as  it  is; 

<>  flo  Toro...,  HTO...  so... 
that...;  Ao  TOFO  »:apKO,  mto 
TpyAHO  pa66TaTb  it  is  so  hot 
that  it  is  difficult  to ,  work; 
TCM  caMbiM  thereby;  hm  to 
HH  ce  1)  neither  one  tiling 
nor  the   other;    2)    so-so;    hm 


483 


rpa 


c  Toro    HH    c    cero    all  of  a 

sudden;  for  no  reason  what- 
soever. 

TOM'|HTb  [tAch^it^]  imperf 
-y,  TOHHiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
HaixoHHTb  [natAch^lt^]  perf 
sharpen  {a  pencil,  etc);  grind 
{a  knife,  etc);  strop;  ~HTb 
HHCTpyMeHTbi  set  tools. 

TOHJKa  [toch^ka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  1.  point  (a  dot,  speck); 
— Ka  nepeceqeHHH  point  of 
intersection;  2.  full  stop; 
point  (in  writing);  dot  (in 
mathematics,  etc);  —Ka  c  sa- 
HHTOH  semicolon;  3.:  ~Ka  aa- 
MepaiaHKH  freezing-point;  ~Ka 
KHfieHHH  boiling-point;  4.:  or- 
HesaH  —Ka  mil  fire  emplace- 
ment; ToproeaH  ~Ka  shop 
(where  goods  are  sold);  US 
store;  stall  (for  selling  things); 

<>    CTEBHTb    — KH    Haj^  «H»  dot 

one's  "i's"  and  cross  one's 
"t's";  nonacTb  b  (caMyio) 
~Ky  col  ^  hit  the  nail  on 
the     head,     hit     the      mark; 

C^iDMHyxb      C      MepTBOH       -—KM 

get  going;  — Ka  b  —Ky  col 
exactly,  precisely. 

TGHHO  I  [toch^na]  adv 
exactly,  precisely;  correctly, 
accurately;  punctually;  ~  b 
nnxb  at  five  sharp. 

TOMHo  II  [toch^na]  cj  as  if, 
as  though. 

TOHHibiH  [toch^nty]  a  sh  f 
To^eH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  exact, 
precise,  accurate;  -~bie  npH- 
66pbi  precision  instruments; 
~biH  pacMCT  BpeMCHH  accu- 
rate  timing;  2.  punctual 
(people). 

TOHb-B-TOHb        [toch^ftoch'*, 


-i^]  adv  col  exactly;  word  for 
word,  the  exact  replica  of. 

ToiuHJMTb  ftAshn^it^]  im- 
perf -HT,  p  -HJio  impers:  ero 
[ee  Li  m.  d.]  ~ht  he  [she, 
etc]  feels  sick/ is    nauseated. 

t6ii^|mm  [t6sh^:iy]  a  -an, 
-ee,  -He,  sh  f  ■^,  -a,  -e,  -h 
1.  emaciated,  gaunt;  2.  fig 
col  empty;  3.  poor,  meagre 
(vegetation,  etc). 

xpaela  [trAva]  /  -bi,  pi 
xpaBbi,  —'  grass;  copHan  ~a 
weed(s), 

xpaB|MXb  ItrAv^it^]  imperf 
-JiK),  TpaBHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H, 
Bbixpaelnxb    [vttrav^'it^]  perf 

-JIK),      -HEIb,      p      -HJI,    imp    -H, 

saixpaBMXb  [zatrAv^'it*']  perf 
1.  (BbixpasHTb)  poison,  exter- 
minate with  poison;  2.  (33- 
xpaBHTb)  hunt  (with  horses, 
hounds);  bait  (bears,  etc)\ 
3.  (saxpaBHTb)  fig  persecute, 
hound,  bait. 

xpareAH|ji  [trAg^ed^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  tragedy. 

xparH4ecK|HH  [trAg^ich^'i- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  tragic, 
tragical. 

xpaKxop  [traktar]  m  -a,  _pl 
-hi  (-a),  -OB  (-6b)  tractor;  ~ 
Ha  KOJiecHOM  xoAy  wheeled 
tractor;  ryceHHqnbiH  —  cater- 
pillar tractor. 

xpaMBaJH  [trAmvay]  m  -h, 
-CB  1.  tram,  tramway;  US 
street-railway;  2.  tram-car; 
US  streetcar. 

xpaHCJiHUH|ji[trAnsPat^iya] 
/  -H,  -H  transmission,  broad- 
cast; relay    (of   a  broadcast). 

xpaHcnopx  [transpart,  -d] 
m    -a,    -OB    I.    transport   (the 


Tpa 


434 


system  and  means  of);  trans- 
portation; —  rpysoB  goods 
traffic;  2.  consignment,  sliip- 
ment;  3.  mil  transport,  train.' 

TpaHiuelfl  [trAnsheya]  /  -h, 
-H  mil  trench. 

Tpan  [t-rap,  -b}  m  -a,  -ob 
gang-plank,  gangway;  ship's 
ladder. 

TpaT|HTb  [trat^it^]  imperf 
Tpaqy,  -Hiub,  p  -hji,  imp  -b, 
HCiTpaTHTb  [istrat^it^]  perf, 
noixpaTHTb  [pAtrat^it'']  perf 
spend,  expend;  waste  {one's 
time,  etc). 

rpayp  [traur]  m  -a  mourn- 
ing. 

TpeSoeaHHle  [tr^ebavG- 

n^iya]  n  -h,  pi  -h,  -h  1.  demand 
{an  urgent  request);  claim  {for 
smth  rightfully  due);  re- 
quirement; HenoMepHbie  ~h 
exorbitant  demands/ require- 
ments; no  ~io  Koro-ji.  at 
smb's  demand  /  request;  ocia- 
HOBKa  no  ~io  stop  by  re- 
quest; 2.  {mostly  pi)  aspira- 
tions.desires;  3.  order,  requisi- 
tion {for  equipment,  etc). 

Tpe6oBaTejibH|biH  [tr^'eba- 
vat^il^niy]  a  sh  f  rpefioBa- 
TCJieH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  exacting, 
exigent;  particular,  fastid- 
ious. 

TpeSjoBaxb  [tr^ebavat**]  im- 
perf -yK),  -yeiub,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yft,  noiTpeSoBaTb  [pA- 
tr^ebavat*']  perf  1.  demand; 
2.  require,  call  for;  3To  -~yeT 
BpeMCHH  it  takes  time. 

Tpe6|oBaTbCfl  [tr^'ebavattja] 
imperf  -yexcH,  p  -OBajicH, 
-oBajiacb,  noiTpefioBaTbCfl  [pA- 
tr^'ebavattja]    perf    need,    re- 


quire {time,  attention,  etc, 
for  doing  smth);  Ha  3to 
~yeTCH  MHoro  jiener  it  will 
take  a  lot  of  money,  a  lot 
of  money  is  required  for  this, 
it  requires  a  lot  of  mon- 
ey. 

TpeBorja  [tr^i^voga]  /  -h, 
-^  1.  alarm,  anxietyj  Bbisbi- 
Baxb  ^y  cause  anxiety; 
2.  alarm,  alert. 

TpCBOJKlHTb  [tr^i^vozhit^] 
imperf  -y,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  BclxpeBOiKMTb  [fstr'^i^vo- 
zhit^]  perf,  no|xpeB6}KHXb 
[patr^i'-Vozhit'']  perf  1.  (Bcxpe- 
B6>KHTb)  worry,  trouble,  cause 
anxiety;  2.  (noxpcBOJKHXb) 
disturb,  bother. 

xpeB6«H|biH  [tr^'i^vozhniy] 
a  sh   f  xpeBOJKeH,    -a,  -o,  -bi 

1.  anxious,  uneasy,  troubled; 

2.  disturbing,  disquieting; 
alarming. 

xpe3B|biM  [tr^'ezviy]  a  sh  f 
— ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  sober  {])  not 
drunk;  2)  fig  temperate,  sen- 
sible). 

xpcM  [tr^om]  dat  of  xpn  I. 

xpeMCxaM  [tr^omstam]  dat 
of  xpHCxa. 

xpcMfl  [tr^i^m^a]  instr  of 
xpH  I. 

xpcMJicxaMM  [tr^i^m^'asta- 
m'^i]  instr  of  xpricxa. 

xpeHH|e  [tr^'en'^iya]  n  -h, 
pi  -H,  -H  1.  friction,  rubbing; 
2.  {mostly  pi)  fig  friction, 
conflicts,  clashes. 

xpeHHp|oBaxb  [tr''m*'irA- 
vat'']  imperf  -yK),  -yemb,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yft,  HalxpeHMpo- 
Baxb  [natr^m^irAvat^]  per^ 
train  (sportsmen,  etc). 


—  485  — 


TpH 


TpeHHploBaxbCJi  [tr^in^irA- 
vatts8]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yembCH, 
p  -OBajicH,  -OBajiacb,  imp 
-yftcH,  -yHTecb,  HairpeHMpo- 
BETbcsi  [natr^in^irAvattsa] 
perf  train  (oneself),  be  in 
training. 

TpeneTJaxb  [tr^ip**i^tat*']/m- 
perf  Tpenemy,  xpenemeuib,  p 
-aji,  imp  TpenemH  1.  flutter, 
palpitate,  beat;  2.  tremble, 
thrill;  quiver;  — axb  or  pa- 
flocTH  [oT  yjKaca]  thrill  with 
joy  [horror];  —aib  nepe^ 
KCM-Ji.  tremble  in  smb's  pres- 
ence. 

xpecK     [tr^esk,    -zg]    m   -a 
crash,  crack,  crackle; 
<*  c  — OM    npoeajiHXbcsi     col 
fail  ignominiously,    turn  out 
a  complete  fiasco. 

xpecKJa  [tr^'i^ska]  /  -h  cod 
(-fish). 

xpecHJyxb  [tr^esnut^]  perf 
-y,     -euib,     p    -yji,     imp    -h 

1.  crack  {of  an  egg,  cup,  etc); 
burst    {at    the    seams,    etc); 

2.  col  hit  hard,  strike;  3.  see 
xpeinaxb  3. 

xpecx  [truest,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  econ  trust. 

xpexlHM  [tr'et^iy]  I  num 
ord  -bH,  -be,  -bH  third;  eMy 
—HH  TOA  he  is  in  his  third 
year;  y^ce  --hh  qac  it  is 
past  two; 

II    as   a    noun    xpexbje   n 
-ero,    -HX   third    course,   des- 
sert; 
<0>  H3  — bHX  pyK  =  indirectly. 

xpexjb  [tr^'et^,  -d^]  /  -h, 
pi  -H,  -efl  a  /  one  third;  abc 
-^H  two  thirds. 

TpeyrojibHMK  [tr^iugoPn^'ik, 


-g]  m  -a,  -ob  math  trian- 
gle. 

xpex  [tr^okh,  -gh]  gen,  ace 
&  pr  of  xpH  I. 

xpex...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to 
three:  xpexcMeHHbiH  [tr^okh- 
s^m^ennty]  three-shift  {attr}; 
xpexcjiojKHbiH  [tr^okhslozh- 
niy]   trisyllabic. 

xpexcox  [tr^okhsot-,  -d]  gen 
of  xpHcxa. 

xpexcxax  [tr^okhstakh,  -gh] 
pr  of  xpncia. 

xpem|axb  [tr^i^sh^:  at^]  im- 
perf -y,  -Hiiib,  p  -aji,  imp  -h, 
xpecH|yxb  [tr^'esnut^]  perf 
-ex,  p  -yji  I.  {no  perf)  crack, 
crackle,  creak;  2.  {no  perf) 
fig  col  chatter,  jabber;  3.  col 
be  on  the  point  of  collapse; 
<>  rojiOBa  ~Hx  col  I  have  a 
splitting  headache;  ~axb  no 
BCCM  uiBaM  col  be  going  /fall- 
ing to  pieces. 

xpemMHia  *[tr^esh^:ina]  / 
-bi,  ~  1.  crack,  split;  fissure, 
cleft;  2.  fig  split,  breach, 
rift. 

xpH  I  [tr^i]  num  card  xpex, 
xpeM,  ^  (xpex),  xpeMH,  (o) 
xpex  three. 

XpH  II  [tr^i]  see  xepexb. 

xpHfiyHJa  [tr^ibuna]  /  -bi, 
—  1.  platform,  rostrum; 
2.  fig  tribune;  3.  stand  {at 
a  stadium). 

xpH6yHaji  [tr^ibunal]  m  -a, 
-OB  (military)  tribunal. 

xpHAUax|biH  [tr^'ittjatty} 
num  ord  thirtieth;  -^bie  roAU 
the  thirties. 

xpHAuaxlb  [tr^ittjat^,  -d^l 
num  card  -h,  -hK>  thirty. 


TpH 


—  486  — 


xpHiKflbi  [tr^izhdi]  adv  three 
times,  thrice. 
xpHKO     [tr^iko]      n     indecl 

1.  tricot    {a    woollen    cloth); 

2.  (a  pair  of)  tights;  (stocki- 
net) knickers. 

TpHKOTajKHJbitt  [tr^ikAtazh- 
niy]  a  knitted;  ~bie  HSAejiHH 
knitted  wear. 

TpHHafluaxbiH  [tr^inatts8- 
tiy]  num  ord  thirteenth. 

TpHHa;m,aT|b  [tr^inattsat^, 
-d^]  num  card  -h,  -bio  thir- 
teen. 

TpMcxa  [tr^ista]  num  card 
TpexcoT,  TpeMcxaM,  -~ ,  xpeMH- 
cxaMH,  (o)  xpexcxax  three 
hundred. 

xpHyMtf)  [tr^iumf,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  triumph;  c  ~om  in  tri- 
umph; with  signal  success. 

xporaxejibH'ibiH  [trogat^il''- 
niy]  a  sh  f  xporaxejieH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  touching,  moving;  pa- 
thetic. 

xporlaxb  [tro'gat^]  imperf 
►aio,  -aeiub,  xpoHJyxb  [tro- 
nut^]  perj  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji, 
imp  -b  1.  touch  {with  the 
hand);  2.  bother,  disturb;  He 
—  aft    ero    leave    him    alone; 

3.  fig  touch,  move,  affect; 
~axb  AO  cjie3   move  to  tears. 

xpole   [troys]    num   collect 

-HX,     -HM,    -HX     (-e),     -HMH,    (o) 

-Hx  three;  m^  Bcex  ~hx 
for  all  three. 

xpOHHOH  [trAynoy]  a  three- 
fold, triple. 

xpojiJiefiSyc  [trAJ^eybus,  -z] 
m  -a,  -OB  trolley-bus. 

xpoHyxb  see  xporaxb. 

xponHHina  [trAp^'inka]/  -kh, 
-OK  path(way). 


xpocxHHK  [trAs^n^ik,  -g]m 
-a,  -OB  hot  reed,  rush; 
<>  caxapHbiH    ~    sugar-cane. 

xpoxyap  [trafuar]  m  -a, 
-OB  pavement;    US  sidewalk. 

xpy  [tru],  xpeuib  [tr^osh, 
-zh]  see  xepexb. 

xpy6|a  [truba]  /  -bi,  pi 
xpy6bi,  ~  1.  pipe,  tube; 
chimney;  funnel  {of  a  ship, 
etc);  BOAOCTOHHan  —a  gutter; 
2.  mus  trumpet;  horn; 
<>  BbiJiexexb  B  -^y  col  ^  go 
smash. 

xpy6|Ka  [trupka]  /  -kh,  -ok 

1.  (small)  tube  {of  metal,  etc); 

2.  (telephone)  receiver;  3.  to- 
bacco-pipe. 

xpy  A  [trut,  -d]  m  -a,'  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  labour,  work;  ox- 
pana  ~a  labour  protection; 
2.  (mos^/i/ p/)  trouble,  effort, 
pains;  3.  (scientific)  work; 
<>  6e3  —a  without  effort; 
c  ~6m  with  difficulty;  esnxb 
Ha  ce6«  -^  take  the  trou- 
ble. 

xpyAJHxbCfl  [trud^ittja]  im- 
perf xpy>Kycb,  xpyAHuibCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  work  {at  smth);  toil, 
labour; 

<>    He    ~Hxecb!    don't   both- 
er! 

xpyAHJwH  [trudniy]  a  sh  f 
xpyAen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  diffi- 
cult, hard;  arduous. 

xpyAOBJOH  [trudAvoy]  a 
working  {population,  etc); 
labour  (attr);  ~bie  AenbrH 
hard-earned  money;  ~bie 
noABHTH  feats  of  labour, 
<>  ~afl  KHHJKKa  work-book 
{service  record). 


—  487  — 


TyA 


TpyAOJAeHb  [trudAd^en^]  m 
-AHH,  -AHGH  workday  unit 
(on  collective  farms). 

Tpyflocnoc66H|biH  [truda- 
spAsobniy]  a  sh  f  Tpy;;ocno- 
c66eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  able-bodied, 
able  to  work. 

Tpyji«m|HHCji  [trud^ash^:iy- 
s^9]  [pa]  I  a  -ancH,  -eecH, 
-HecH  working  {masses,  etc); 
II  as  a  noun  Tpy;;Hm|HH- 
c  H  m  -erocH,  pi  -hcch,  -hxch 
^worker,  working  person;  pi 
working  people. 

TpyiKeHHK  [truzhan^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  toiler. 

Tpyn  [trup,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
dead  body,  corpse;  carcass 
{of  an  animal). 

Tpynnja  [truppa]  /  -w,  — 
troupe,  company  {of  actors, 
etc). 

Tpyc  [trus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
coward. 

TpycHK|H  [trus^ik^i]  pi  -ob 
shorts;  bathing  trunks. 

Tpyc|HTb  [trus^it^]  imperf 
Tpyiuy,  -Hmb,  p  -hji,  imp  -b, 
ciTpycHTb  [strus^it^]  perf  be 
afraid,  fear,  dread;  be  fright- 
ened. 

TpycjiMBlbiH  [trus^Piviy]  a 
sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  cowardly; 
timid,  faint-hearted. 

TpycocT|b  [trusas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H  cowardice,  cowardli- 
ness. 

Tpyc|bi  [trust]  pi  -6b  shorts; 
bathing  trunks. 

TpymoSja  [trush^:6ba]  /  -bi, 
^  1.  slum;  2.  out-of-the-way  / 
remote  place. 

TpioK  [tr^uk,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
trick,  stunt. 


TpK)M  [tr^um]  m  -a,  -ob 
naut  hold. 

TpHn|Ka  [tr^apka]  /  -kh,  pi 
-KH,  -OK  1.  rag  {of  cloth); 
duster;  2.  pi  col  clothes;  fin- 
ery; 3.  col  milksop,  spine- 
less person. 

TpHCJTH  [tr^i^s^t^i]  imperf 
-y,  -emb,  p  ^,  -Jia,  imp  -h 
1.  shake  {a  tree,  one's  head, 
etc);  2.  impers:  ero  — -eT  ox 
xojioAa  he  is  shaking  /  shiver- 
ing with  cold;  ero  — er  ox 
cxpaxa  he  is  trembling  with 
fear;  3.  col  jolt  {of  a  wagon, 
etc). 

Tpjic|THCb  [tr^i^s^t'is^] /m- 
perf  -ycb,  -euibcn,  p  xpHCCH, 
-jiacb,      imp      -HCb,      -Hxecb 

1.  shake  {with  laughter,  etc); 

2.  tremble,  shiver,  quiver; 
OH  Becb  —  excH  he  is  trembl- 
ing all  over;  3.  be  jolted, 
jog;  4.  fig  col:  — XHCb  na^ 
pe6eHK0M  dote  on  one's  child; 

-~XHCb   Ha^  KaTKAOU  KOneHKOH 

grudge  every  penny. 

xy  [tu]  dat  of  xa;  see  xox. 

xyajiex  [tuAPet,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  dress,  attire;  2.  toilet, 
dressing;  3.  dressing-table, 
toilet-table;  4.  lavatory,  wa- 
ter-closet; public  convenience. 

xySepKyjies  [tub^irkuPos, 
-z]  m  -a  tuberculosis. 

xyrjoH  [tugoy]  a  -an,  -6e, 
-He,  sh  f  ■^,  -a,  -o,  -h  tight, 
taut; 

<>  —OH  Ha  yxo  col  hard  of 
hearing. 

xyaa  [tuda]  adv  there,  to 
that  place; 

<>  ~  h  cK)Aa  hither  and 
thither;  hh  ~  hh  ciOAa  neither 


rym 


—  488 


here   nor   there,    neither  one" 
way  nor  the  other. 

Tysce  [tuzhi^]  comp  of  ly- 
roH  &  corresp  adv. 

xyseMJei^  [tuz^em^its,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  native,  indigene. 

TyjioBMmje  [tul9v^ish^:8]  n 
-a,  --  trunk,  body. 

xyjiyn  [tulup,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
sheepskin  (coat). 

TyMaH    [tuman]    m    -a,    -oe 
mist,  fog,  haze; 
<>    y    Hero    ~    b    rojioe^  his 
mind  is    in  a  fog;   ~   e   rjia- 
3ax  a  mist  before  one's  eyes. 

TyMaHH|biH  [tumanniy]  a 
sh  f  TyManeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
1.  misty,  foggy;  2.  fig  ob- 
scure, vague, 

xyHflpla  [tundra]  /  -bi  tun- 
dra {the  vast,  level,  treeless 
plains  of  the  arctic  re- 
gions). 

xyHHclei;  ftun^is^itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Tunisian. 

xyHHCCK|HH  [tun^issk^iy]  a 
-aH,  -oe,  -He  Tunisian. 

xyHHCJiIb  [tuneP]  m  -h, 
-eft  tunnel;  subway  {for  pe- 
destrians). 

xynHK  [tup^ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  blind  alley;  2.  fig 
blind  alley,  impasse,  dead- 
lock; aaBecTH  kofo-ji.  b  ~ 
lead  smb  up  a  blind  alley; 
-0"  (no)cxaBHXb  Koro-Ji.  e  ~ 
nonplus  smb;  cxaxb  e  ~  be 
nonplussed. 

xynjOH  [tupoy]  a  sh  f  —, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  blunt  {knife, 
pencil,  etc);  2.  stupid,  slovv- 
-witted;  narrow-minded;  ~6fl 
qejioBeK  dullard;  3.  dull 
ifiain,  etc); 


<>  '-OH  yro.1  math  obtuse 
angle. 

xyp6HH|a  [turb'^ina]  /  -bi, 
~  turbine. 

xypeuK|MH  [tur^etsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Turkish. 

xypHcx  [tur^ist,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  tourist;  hiker. 

xypKMCH  [turkm^en]  ni  -a, 
-OB  Turkmen. 

xypKMCHCKJHH  [turkm^en- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  Turk- 
men. 

xypHHp  [turn^ir]  m  -a,  -ob 
tournament. 

xypjOK  [turak,  -g]  m  -Ka, 
-OK  Turk. 

xypHaH|Ka  [turch^anka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  Turkish  woman; 
Turkish  girl. 

xycKjilbiii  [tuskliy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  dim,  dull; 
2.  fig  dull,  dreary. 

xyx  [tut,  -d]  adv  col  here, 
in  this  place;  kto  — ?  who's 
there?; 

<>  ~  «e  on  the  spot;  there 
and  then;  He  ^-xo  6biJio  = 
nothing  of  the  kind. 

xy(j)|jiH  [tufPi]  pi  -ejib 
{sing  Ty^ji\n  f  -h)  shoes;  ao- 
MaiuHHe  --J1H  slippers;  JiaKH- 
poBaHHbie  ~JiH  patent-leather 
shoes;  saMuieBbie  --jih  suede 
shoes. 

xyxjilbiH  [tukhliy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  rotten,  bad, 
addle(d). 

xyxH|yxb  I  [tukhnut'']  im- 
perf  -ex,  p  xyx  (-yji),  xyxjia, 
noixyxHyxb  [pAtukhnut'']  perf 
go' out  {of  fire,  lights). 

xyxHJyxb  II  [tukhnut'']  im- 
perf  -ex,  p  xyx,  xyxjia,  npoj- 


—  489  — 


T5I3K 


TyxHyxb  [prAtukhnut^]  perf 
go  bad,  rot. 

xynja  [tuch^a]  /  -h,  — 
1.  (black)  cloud;  2.  fig  swarm, 
host;  cloud  (of  dust,  etc). 

Tyui|HTb  [tushit^j  imperf 
-y,  TyiuHiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h, 
noJTyuiHTb  [p9tushft^]  perf 
put  out,  extinguish;  col  turn 
off  {the  light). 

TmaTejibHJbifi  [ch^sh^:a- 
t^iPnty]  a  sh  /  Tmarejien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  careful,  thorough; 
—an  noAroTOBKa  thorough 
preparations. 

TmecjiaBH|biH  [ch^sh^-.i^- 
slavnty]  a  sh  f  imecjiaBeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  vain,  vainglorious. 

TmeTH|wH  [ch^sh^:etniy]  a 
sh  f  TmereH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  vain, 
futile. 

TH  [ti]  pron  pars  sing  2nd 
person  Te6a,  Te6e,  Te6H,  to- 
66h  (to66k)),  (o)  Te6e  you; 
thou;  Tbi  roTOB?  are  you 
ready?;  Te6a  m  6hiJio  jipua  you 
weren't  in;  y  ledn  ecxb  pyq- 
Ka?  do  you  have  a  pen?;  ohh 
aaHHMajiHCb  y  Te6H?  did  they 
study  at  your  place?;  Te6e 
xojioAHO?  are  you  cold?;  h 
Te6fl  BHAeJi  I  saw  you;  kto 
6biji  c  to66h?  who  was  with 
you?;  Mbi  roBOpHJiH  o  Te6e 
we  spoke  about  you. 

TbiKB|a  [ttkva]  /  -u  pump- 
kin. 

TWJi  [tH]  m  -a  (-y),  pi  -bi, 
-OB  mil  rear. 

Tbic5iH|a  [tfs^ach^a]  -h, 
instr  -eft  (-bio),  pi  -h,  ~  I 
nam  card  a  /  one  thousand; 
II  /  a  thousand;  ~h  jhoach 
thousands  of  people. 


TbMJa    [t^ma]    /    -bi    dark, 
darkness  (also  fig); 
<>     ^Si     KpOMeuiHan     pitch 
darkness. 

TK)K  [t^uk,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
package,  bundle;  bale  (of 
goods). 

TiojieH|b  [t^ul^en^]  m  -a, 
-eft  zool  seal. 

TtojibnaH  [t^u^l^^pan]  m  -a, 
-OB  tulip. 

TiopbM|a  [t^ur^ma]  /  -bi,  pi 

TK)pbMbI,        TK)peM,        TibpbMaM 

prison,  jail. 

THrja  [t^aga]  /  -h  1.  tech- 
nol  traction;  thrust  (of  rock- 
ets); 2.  thirst  (for),  craving 
(for);  1)ent  (for),  inclination 
(to),  propensity  (to). 

TnrocTH|biH  [t^agasniy]  a 
sh  f  THFOCTeH,  -a,  -o,  -w 
painful,  distressing;  burden- 
some, onerous,  wearisome. 

TJiroTlHTb  [t^igAt^'if'l  i^' 
perf  -Huib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h  be 
a  burden,  oppress,  weigh 
heavily;  oAHHOMecTBO  —  hjio 
ero  his  loneliness  Oppressed 
him. 

TSirOTlHTbCil  [t^igAt^itts9] 
imperf  inromycb,  -HiiibCH,  p 
-HJiCH,  -Hjiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  feel  (smth,  smb)  as  a 
burden. 

TsiKCjio  [t^izhi^lo]  I  adv  1, 
heavily  (burdened,  etc);  2. 
seriously,  gravely:  danger- 
ously, badly; 

U  impers  predic:  eMy  ~ 
1)  he  feels  miserable  /  wretch- 
ed; 2)  it  is  hard  /  painful 
for  him  (to  do  smth). 

T$iiKeji|biH  [t^i^zhoUy]  a 
sh    f    --',    TflJKejia,    THiKeji6, 


T533K 


490 


Tyi>KeJibi    1.    heavy,    weighty; 

2.  heavy,     hard,      difficult; 

3.  heavy,  severe  (punishment, 
etc);   ~oe  HcnbixaHHe    ordeal; 

4.  grave,  serious  (illness, 
etc);  ~biH  y;^ap  terrible 
blow;  5.  distressing,  painful 
(thoughts,  etc);  ~oe  qyecT- 
Bo  misgivings;  6.  difficult 
(people). 

Tfl)KecT|b  [t^azhas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -H,  -eH  1.  phys  gravity;  2. 
load,  weight;  3.  heaviness, 
weight,   burden. 

TfljKKJHH  [t^ashk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  TH>KeK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  heavy,  hard  (work,  etc); 
2.  serious,  grave  (crime,  dis- 
ease, etc);  3.  painful,  dis- 
tressing. 

TjiH|yTb  [t^i^nut^]  imperf 
-y,  THHeiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
1.  pull,  draw;  drag,  haul;  2. 
lay  (a  cable,  etc);  3.  delay, 
protract,  procrastinate;  — yib 
c  oTBeroM  delay  one's  answer; 
He  ~h!  hurry  up!,  be  quick!; 
4.  col  make    go,  force  to  go; 


5.  impers:  ox  okoh  THHer  x6- 
jioflOM  there  is  a  cold  draught 
from  the  windows;  6.  impers 
long  (for),  feel  an  inclina- 
tion (towards);  MeHH  thhct 
AOMOH  I  feel  like  going  home; 
I'm  homesick;  ero  THHei  k 
ApysbHM  he  misses  his  friends' 
company; 
<>   —yxb    Ha    6yKCHpe    tow; 

—  yrb  BpeMsi  drag  out  time; 
resort     to     delaying    tactics; 

—  yxb  sa  jisbiK  col  make 
(smb)  say  smth;  ~yxb  KaHH- 
xeJib  col  procrastinate. 

x5iH(yxbCJi  [t^i^nuttja]  im- 
perf -ycb,  xflHeuibCH,  p  -yjiCH, 
-yjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb, 
noixMHyxbCfl  [p9t^i^nutts9] 
perf  1.  (no  perf)  stretch,  ex- 
tend; 2.  (no  perf)  stretch  (of 
rubber,  etc);  3.  stretch  one- 
self; 4.  (no  perf)  drag  on, 
last  a  long  time;  hang  heavy 
(of  time);  5.  reach  out  (for), 
stretch  one's  hand  (for);  6. 
(no  perf)  move  slowly;  7.  (no 
perf)  strive  (after),  aspire  (to). 


y  [u]  prep  with  gen  denot- 
ing 1.  proximity:  cxoHXb  y 
cxeHbi  stand  by  the  wall, 
stand  at  the  wall;  y  caMoro 
MopH  close  to  the  sea;  2. 
possession:  y  Hee  ceexjihie  so- 
jiocbi  she  has  fair  hair;  y  Me- 
HH  Hex  BpeMCHH  I  have  no 
time;  y  Hero  6ojihx  roJioBa 
he  has  a  headache;  3.  living 
at     smb's    place,    in     smb's 


care,  etc:  ^HXb  y  poOTxejiefi 
live  with  one's  parents;  ocxa- 
HOBHxbCH  y  ApyseH  put  up  at 
one's  friends,  stay  with  one's 
friends;  y  nac  1)  at  our 
place;  2)  in  our  country;  y 
ce6H  (iioMa)  at  one's  place, 
at  home;  4.  source  or  origin: 
ysHaxb  mo-Ji.  y  Koro-Ji.  learn 
smth  from  smb;  Kynnxb  qxo-ji. 
y    Koro-Ji.     buy    smth     from 


—  491 


y6o 


smb;  KynHTb  y  6yKHHHCTa 
buy  at  a  second-hand  book- 
shop; npocHTb  noMomn  y-  ko- 
ro-Ji.  beg  smb  for  help. 

y...  pref  of  verbs  denoting 
1.  movement  away  from  smth: 
yrHaxb  [ugnat^]  1)  drive  away 
(cattle,  etc);  2)  steal  (a  car, 
etc);  yjieTeib  [uPi^t^et^]  fly 
off  /  away;  leave  by  air;  2. 
covering  all  over,  completely: 
ycbinaxb  [usipat^]  strew 
[with),  bestrew  {with);  3.  the 
perfective  aspect:  yKpacxb 
[ukras^t^]  perf  of  Kpacib. 

ySerjaTb  [ub^i^gat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  ySemjaTb  [ub^i^- 
zhat^]  perf  y6ery,  -Huib,  y6e- 
ryx,  p  -aji,  imp  y6erH  1.  run 
away,  make  off;  2.  escape 
(from  prison,  etc);  3.  col  boil 
over  (of  milk,  etc). 

ySejiHTejibRJbiH  [ub^i^d^i- 
t^il^niy]  a  sh  f  ySeAHTejien, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  1.  convincing,  con- 
clusive; 2.  earnest  (request, 
etc). 

ySe^HTb  see  ySeJKAaTb. 

y6e)KaTb  see  ySeraxb. 

y6e)Kfl|aTb  [ub^i^zhdat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  y6e;ilHTb 
[ub^i^d^it^j  perf  -Hiub,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1.  convince  (smb  of 
the  necessity,  etc);  2.  per- 
suade,  induce. 

y6e)KAeHH|e  [ub^i^zhd^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  persuasion 
(the  process  of);  2.  belief, 
conviction;  ;^eHCTBOBaTb  no 
~K)  have  the  courage  of  one's 
convictions. 

y6e)KHm|e  [ub^ezhish^:a]  n 
-a,  ~  1.  refuge,  asylum; 
TaifHoe    — e   hide-out;    npaeo 


—  aright  of  sanctuary;  2.  mil 
shelter,  dug-out. 

y6eH  [ub^ey]  imp  of  y6HTb; 
see  y6HBaTb. 

ySepH  [ub^i^r^i]  imp  of 
yfipaxb;  see  yCHpaxb. 

ySepy  [ub^i^ru],  y6epeujb 
[ub^i^r^6sh,-zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  y6paxb;  see  y6H- 
paxb. 

ySHBJaTb  [ub^ivat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiib,  ySHXb  [ub^it^] 
perf  y6bK),  y6bemb,  p  y6uji, 
imp  y6eH  1.  kill  (a  living 
being);  murder,  assassinate; 
2.  fig  col  waste  (time,  mon- 
ey, etc); 

<>  3xa  Mbicjib  --aex  Menn 
the  thought  breaks  my  heart. 

y6HHcxB|o  [ub^iystva]  n 
-a,  —  murder,  assassination; 
manslaughter. 

y6HHu,la  [ub'^iytja]  m  &  f 
-bi,  —  killer  (a  person);  mur- 
derer, assassin;  murderess. 

y6Hp|axb  [ub^irat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  y6p|axb  [ubrat^] 
perf  y6epy,  y6epemb,  p  -aji, 
-ajia,  -ajio,  -ajin,   imp  y6epH 

1.  take  away,  carry  away; 
take  out  of  the  way;  put 
away  (hide);  —axb  co  cxoJia 
clear  the  table;  ~axb  Bemn 
Ha  Mecxo  put  things  in  place; 

2.  gather  in  (a  harvest, 
crops);  3.  tidy,  clean;  do; 
put  (a  room,  etc)  in  order; 
~axb  nocxejib  make  the  bed 
(after  it  has  been  used);  4. 
decorate,  adorn. 

ySHXb  see  y6HBaxb. 

ySorJHH  [ubog^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  — ,  -a,  -o,  -h 
wretched,  miserable,  poor. 


y6o 


—  492  — 


y66p|Ka  [uborka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  1.  tidying  up,  doing  up; 
putting  (a  room,  etc)  in  or- 
der; 2.  harvesting,  gathering 
in. 

y66pH|a5i  [ubornays]  /  -oft, 
-MX  1.  lavatory;  water-closet; 
My>KCKaH  ~aH  gentlemen's 
room;  AaMCKan  —an  ladies' 
room;  oCmecTBeHHan  —an 
public  convenience;  2.  theat 
dressing-room. 

y66pmKu|a  [uborsh^iitja]  / 
-bi,  ~  office-cleaner;  maid 
{at  a  hotel);  charwoman. 

ySpaxb  see  y6HpaTb. 

y6biT|oK  [ubitak,  -g]  m -Ka, 
-KOB    loss,    damage;    sabiCKH- 
eaxb  ~KH  claim  damages; 
<0>  6biTb    B    —  Ke    lose    {in  a 
business,  etc). 

ySbib  [ub^'yu],  ySbeuib 
[ub^yosh,  -zh]  1st  &2nd  per- 
sons  of   y6HTb;  see    ySHsaxb. 

yBawacMWH  [uvAzhayamty] 
a  [pa]  honoured,  respected; 
^  ToeapHu;  dear  friend  {a 
form  of  address). 

yeawlaxb  [uvAzhat*']  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aeuib  respect,  hold 
in  respect,  esteem. 

yeaxceHHle  [uvAzhen^iya] 
n  -H  respect,  esteem. 

yeeaxH  see  yeoanxb. 

yeejiMMHElaxb  [uv^i^l'^ich^i- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib, 
yeejiHHlHXij  [uv^i^l^ich^it^j 
perf  -y,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji,  imp  -b 

1.  increase;  enlarge,    extend; 

2,  magnify  {with  a  lens,  etc); 
enlarge  {a  photo). 

yBepeHHOcxjb  [uv^'er^i- 

nas^t**,     -z*'d^]     /   -h    confi- 
dence,    assurance,    c     —bio 


with  certainty;  b  hojihoh 
^H,  Hxo...  in  the  firm  belief 
that... 

yBepeHHJbiH  [uv^er^'mty] 
a  \pa]  sh  f  yBepeH,  -a,  -o, 
-bi  assured,  sure,  confident; 
—  an  pyKa  steady  hand; 
<>  6y;ib(xe)  yBepeH(,bi)  you 
may  rely  on   it. 

yBepHXb  see  ysepnxb. 

yBep|HXb  luv^i*^r^at^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heuib,  yBep|HXb 
[uv^er^'it^]  perf  -lo,  -Huib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -b  assure  {smb)\ 
convince,  persuade. 

yBccxH  see  yBOAHXb. 

yBHflexb  see  BHAexb  1,  3, 
4,  5. 

yeMAexbCH  see  BH^exbCH. 

yBjieK|axb  [uvPi'^kat'']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aemb,  yBjijenb 
[uvPech*']  perf  -exy,  -eqeuib, 
-CKyx,  p  -CK,  -CKJia,  imp  -ckh 
1.  carry  {smb)  along  {said 
of  a  crowd,  etc);  2.  fig  carry 
(smb)  away  {said  of  a  book, 
etc);  fascinate,  captivate;  3. 
fig  allure,  entice  away. 

yBJieKJaxbcsi  [uvl^'i^kattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  yB- 
ji|eHbC5i  [uvl^ech^'s^'a]  perf 
-eKycb,  -eqeiiibCH,  -CKyxcH,  p 
-eKCH,  -eKJiacb,  imp  -CKHCb, 
-eKHxecb  1.  be  carried  away 
{by  a  story,  etc);  be  keen 
{on  smth);  2.  be  captivated 
{by),  be  enamoured  {of  smb). 

yBJieHeHHJe  [uvl*'i^ch*'e- 
n'^iya]  n  -h,  -ft  1.  enthusiasm, 
animation;  2.  passion,  incli- 
nation; 3.  love,  fondness  {for 
smb). 

yBjieHb  see  yBjienaxb. 

yBJie4bC}i    see   yBjicKaxbcH. 


493  — 


yro 


yBOfl|MTb  [uvAd^it^]  imperf 
yBOH<y,  yeo/iHuib,  p  -hji, 
Imp  -H,  yBe|cTM  [uv^i^s^t^i] 
perf  -j\y,  -Aeiub,  p  yeeji,  -ji3, 
imp  -AH  1.  take  away,  lead 
away;    2.    steal  {horses,  etc). 

yeoslHTb  [uvAz^it^]  imperf 
yBOJKy,  yBosHuib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  yBe3|TH  [uv^i^s^t^i]  perf 
-y,  -eiub,  p  yeea,  -jia,  /mp 
-H  1.  take  /  drive  away;  2.  kid- 
nap,  abduct. 

yeojiHTb  see  yeojibHHTb. 

yBOjibHeHH|e  [uvAl^n^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  release,  dis- 
charge, dismissal;  superannua- 
tion, pensioning  off;  npeAynpe- 
AHTb  o6  ~h  give  notice  {to  a 
worker,  employee). 

yeojibHlflTb  [uvAl^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neuib,  yB6ji|HTb 
[uvol^it^]  perf  -lo,  -Hiub,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -b  1.  dismiss,  dis- 
charge; yeojiHTb  B  OTCiaBKy 
retire;   2.  {no  imperf):  ysojib- 

Te     MeHH    OT  He06X0AHM0CTH... 

spare  me  the   necessity    {of). 

yBbi  [uvl]  int  alas! 

yraflaxb  see  y^a;^bIBaTb. 

yra;ibiB|aTb  [ugadivst'']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  yrafljaxb 
[ugAdat'']  perf  -aio,  -aeiiib 
guess  {the  meaning,  etc). 

yrjia  [ugla],  yrJioB  [uglof, 
-v]  see  yroji. 

yrjiepofl  [ugl^i^rot,  -d]  m 
-a  chem  carbon. 

yrjiOBOH  [uglAvoy]  a  1. 
corner  {house,  room,  etc); 
2.  phys,  math  angular. 

yrjiy6HTbC5i  see  yrjiy6jiHTb- 

CH. 

yrjiySjicHHle  [uglubl^en^i- 
ya]    n    -h,   -h    1.    deepening, 


making  deeper;  2.  cavity, 
pit,  recess,  hole,  hollow;  de- 
pression {in  the  ground,  etc). 

yrjiySjijflTbCJi  [uglubl^a- 
ttja]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -neiiibCH, 
yrjiy6|HTbcfl  [uglub^ittja] 
perf  -jiibcb,  -HuibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-Hjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
deepen,  become  deeper  {also 
fig);  2.  go  deep  {into),  plunge 
{into)  {the  forest,  etc);  3.  fig 
be  absorbed  {in  study, 
thought,  etc);  yrJiy6HTbCH 
B  pasMbiuiJieHHH  be  lost  in 
thought. 

yrjiM  [ugPa],  yrjiefi  [ugPiy] 
see  yrojib. 

yrHerlaxb  [ugn^i^tat'']  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeiiib  oppress  {a 
colonial  people,  etc;  also  fig). 

yrHCTeHlHbiH  [ugn^i^f'on- 
niy]  a  [pa]  sh  f  ~,  yrHere- 
Ha,  yrHeTCHO,  yrneTeHbi  1.  op- 
pressed {peoples,  etc);  2.  de- 
pressed, low-spirited. 

yroBapHB|aTb  [ugAvar^i- 
vaP]  imperf  -?k),  -aeuib, 
yroBop|HTb  [ugavAr^it^]  perf 
-K),  -Hiiib,  p  -Hji,  imp  H  per- 
suade,  talk  into,  induce. 

y^»^,\vnh  [ugAd^it*']  perf 
yro>Ky,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -h 
col  1.  see  yro>KAaTb;  2.  col 
fall  {into),  get  {into);  bang 
{against);  strike  {against); 
run  {into  a  tree,  etc);  ~HTb 
rojiOBOH  B  flBepb  strike  one's 
head  against  the  door;  ~HTb 
B  TiopbMy  find  oneself  in 
prison. 

yroAHo  [ugodna]  1  predic: 
^T0  BaM  -^P  what  can  I  do 
for  you?  {in  addressing  a 
customer);    what   would   you 


yro 


—  494  — 


like  to  have?;  Kan  BaM  ^  as 
yoa  choose  /  please; 
II  part  used  with  inter  & 
ret  pron  and  adv  with  the 
meaning  of  'any  (whatever)': 
KTO  —  anybody;  rAe  --  any- 
where, wherever  one  likes 
{denoting  position);  Ky^a  — 
anywhere,  wherever  one  likes 
(denoting  direction);  KaKOH 
--  any;  mo  -^  anything, 
whatever  one  likes. 

yro«fl|aTb  [ugAzhdat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  yrofli^Tb 
[ugAd^it^]  perf  yrojKy,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  please,  oblige, 
humour,  play  up  {to  smb)\ 
Ha  Bcex  He  —Hiub  there's  no 
pleasing  everyone;  eMy  ne 
— Huib  he  is  hard    to   please. 

yroji  [ugal]  m  yrjia,  pi 
yr.ibi,  yrjioB  1.  corner  {1)  in 
a  room,  etc;  2)  of  a  street); 
H3-3a  yrjia  round  the  corner 
(from  behind)  [also  see  <>]; 
2.  home  (the  place  where  one 
lives);  He  HMexb  CBoero  yrjia 
be  homeless;  3.  corner,  part 
of  a  room;  4,  math,  phys 
angle;  uqa  npHMbiM  yrJiOM  at 
right  angles; 
<>  H3-3ayr.iia  underhandedly. 

yroji6BH|biH  [ugAlovniy]  a 
criminal  {offence,  etc);  penal 
'{laws,  etc);  — oe  npecjie^oBa- 
HHe  prosecution; 
<>  ~biH  poBbicK  Criminal 
Investigation  Department. 

yrojib  [ugal^]  m  yrjin    (yr- 
jih),    pi    yrjiH,  yrjiefl  (yrjieft) 
coal; 
<>    ApeeecHbiH     ^    charcoal. 

yrocTHTb  see  yromarb. 

yromlaxb  [ugAsh^:at^J    im- 


perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  yrocT|HTb 
[ugAs^t^it^l  perf  yromy,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  entertain 
{guests);  treat  {to  an  ice- 
-cream,  etc). 

yromeHHle  [ugAsh^:en^iy8l 
n  -H  1.  entertainment,  treat- 
ing; 2.   food;   refreshments. 

yrpo>K|aTb  [ugrAzhat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib  threaten, 
menace. 

yrposla  [ugroza]  /  -u,  ^ 
threat,  menace;  cxasHTb  no;; 
— y  jeopardize  {an  undertak- 
ing, etc);  najx  hhmh  naeHCJia 
-~a  rojioAHOH  CMGpTH  they 
were  threatened  with  starva- 
tion. 

yrpWMlbiH.  [ugr^'umiy]  a 
sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  sullen, 
gloomy,  morose. 

yflaJBaTbCJi  [udAvattja]  /m- 
perf  -eicH,  p  -BajicH,  -sajiacb, 
yaalxbcsi  [udattja]  perf  -ctch, 
p  -jicH,  -jiacb  1.  turn  out 
well,  be  a  success;  2.  impers: 
eMy  [eft  u  m.  d.]  y^ajipcb  aa- 
KOHMHTb  paCoxy  he  [she,  etc] 
succeeded  in  completing  his 
[her,  etc]  work;  eMy  [eft 
u  m.  d.]  He  y;iaji6cb  HaftxH 
KHHpy  he  [she,  etc]  failed  to 
find  the  book. 

yjiajiHTb  see  yAaJiHXb. 

yAajiHTbCfl    see   y^ajinxbCfl. 

yflajil«Tb  [udAl^at^]  imperf 
-HK),  -Heuib,  yflajijiixb  [udA- 
l^it^]  perf  -K),  -Huib,  p  -HJI, 
imp  -H  1.  make  leave,  send 
away;  ~HXb  Koro-ji.  h3  kom- 
Haxbi  make  smb  leave  the 
room;  2.  remove,  extract; 
~HXb  3y6  have  a  tooth  pull- 
ed (out). 


495  — 


yflH 


yAajijaTbCM  [udAl^attsa]  im- 
pe*'f  -HK)cb,  -neuibCH,  y^a- 
jiJHTbCfl      [udAl^ittsa]       perf 

-ibCb.-HUIbCH,  p  -HJICH,  -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1.  move  off/ 
away;  —  HibCH  ox  TeMbi  wan- 
der from  the  subject;  2.  re- 
tire, withdraw,  go  away. 

y^ap  [udar]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
blow  {1)  a  hit,  stroke;  2)  a 
misfortune);  punch  {with  the 
fist);  kick  {with  the  foot); 
mTpa4)H6H  ~'  free  kick  {in 
football);  oi6mh  ~  parry  a 
blow;  2.  stroke  {of  the  bells, 
etc);  ~  rpOMa  thunderclap; 
3.  (apoplectic)  stroke;^ 
<>  6biTb  B  — e  col  =  be  at 
one's  best;  craBHTb  noA  ~ 
jeopardize  {an  undertaking, 
etc). 

yjtapcHHJe  [udAr^en^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  accent,  stress;  3HaK 
—  H  stress;  2.  fig  emphasis, 
stress;  ^ejiaxb  ~-e  emphasize. 

yAapHTb  see  y^apjixb. 

yAapHxbcji    see   y^ap^xbCH. 

yAapi^Tb  [udAr^at^]  imperf 
-HK),  -neuib,  yAapJHTb  [uda- 
r^it^]  perf  -k),  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  1.  strike,  hit;  punch 
{with  the  fist);  kick  {a  ball, 
etc);  lash  {a  horse,  etc);  slap 
{smb  in  the  face,  etc);  2. 
strike  {at  the  rear,  at  the 
enemy,  etc;  also  fig); 
-0  y^apnTb  no  KapMany  col 
2^  hit  hard;  cost  a  pretty 
penny;  bhho  y^apHjio  eiviy  b 
rojiOBy  the  wine  went  to  his 
head. 

yAaplflxbcsi  [udAr^atts9J  im- 
perf -Hiocb,  -HembCH,  yAa- 
pjMXbCji  [udar^ittja]  perf  -locb, 


-HUIbCH,        p       -HJICH,        -HJiaCb, 

imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  1.  strike 
{against),  bump  {against); 
yjxapvnhca  fojioboh  o6o  ixo-ji. 
strike  one's  head  against 
smth;  2.  fig  col  go  in  {for), 
addict  oneself  (to); 

<>    ~flXbCa     H3    OAHOH     Kpafl- 

HocxH  B  ApyryK)  go  from  one 
extreme  to  another. 

yAaxbcsi  see    yAasaxbCH. 

yaanla  [udach^a]  /  -h,  ^ 
good  luck,  good  fortune; 
piece  of  luck;  success  {in 
life,  etc);  jKejiaxb  —h  wish 
good    luck. 

yAaHH|biH  [udach^niy]  a 
sh  f  y^a^eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
successful  {attempt,  experi- 
ment, etc);  2.  good,  apt 
{choice,  comparison,  etc). 

yABaMBJaxb  [udvaivat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  yAEOJHxb 
[udvoit^]  perf  -lo,  -HUib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  double,  redouble. 

yAepjKaxb  see   y;iepH<HBaxb. 

yAepjKHBJaxb  [ud^erzhtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  yAep- 
m\a.Tb  [ud^i^rzhat^]  perf  -y, 
yAepJKHiub,  p  -aji,  im.p  -h  1. 
retain,  hold;  not  let  go; 
yAepmaxb  b  pyKax  hold  fast; 
2.  hold  back  {from),  keep 
(from);  3.  deduct  {from  the 
wages,  etc). 

yAepH  [ud^i^r^i]  imp  of 
yApaxb;  see  yAHpaxb. 

yAepy  [ud^i^ru],  yAepeuib 
[udM^r^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  yApaxb;  see  yAH- 
paxb. 

yAHBMxejibHlbiii  [ud^iv^i- 
t^iPnty]  a  sh  f  yAHBiixejien, 
-a,    -0,    -b|    1.     astonishing, 


ym 


—  496  — 


surprising;  — oe  coenaAeHHe 
miraculous  coincidence;  hh- 
qero  —  oro  small  wonder;  2. 
wonderful,  marvellous. 

yflHBMTb  see  yAHBJiHXb, 

yflHBHtbCH  see  yAHBJiHibCH. 

yAHBJijflTb  [ud^'ivl^at'']  im- 
perf  -HK),  -aeuib,  yflHBJHTb 
(ud^iv^'it^]  perf  -jiib,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  astonish,  sur- 
prise, amaze. 

yAHBjilflTbCJi  [ud^ivl^'attsa] 
imperf  -niocb,  -neuibCH,  ynH- 
BJiiTbcsi      [ud'^iv^'itlja]      perf 

-JllbCb,        -HUIbCH,        p        HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -rixecb  be 
astonished  /  surprised/  amaz- 
ed; wonder  {at). 

yflMpjaxb  [ud^irat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  yApjaxb  [ud- 
rat**]  perf  y^epy,  yAepeuib,  p 
-aji,  -ajia,  -ajio,  -ajiH,  imp 
yAepH  col  run  away,  bolt, 
take  to  one's  heels;  escape 
(from). 

yAHJxb  [ud^it'']  imperf  y>Ky, 
yAHiub,  p  -ji,  imp  ~  fish, 
angle. 

yAJiHHHXb    see      yAJiHHHXb. 

yAAHHJflXb  [udl^'in^'at^l  im- 
perf -HK),     -HeUIb,     yAJIHHJHXb 

[udl^in^'it^]  perf  -ib,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  lengthen,  make 
longer;  prolong  (a  term,  line, 
etc). 

yAoSHO  [udobnaj  I  adv  com- 
fortably, conveniently; 
II  impers  predic  1.  feel  /  be 
comfortable;  eMy  ~  he  is 
comfortable;  2.  it  is  conven- 
ient, it  suits  {one);  MHe  — - 
npHHXH  B  nnxb  it  is  conven- 
ient for  me  to  come  at  five; 
3,  it  is   proper;    -^    jih    3bo- 


HHXfa  eMy  xaK  nosAHo?  is  it 
all  right  if  I  call  him  up  at 
such  a  late  hour? 

yA66H|biH  [udobniy]  a  sh 
f  yA66eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  com- 
fortable, cosy;  handy  (thing); 
2.  convenient,  opportune; 
—biH  cjiyqaft  opportunity. 

yAoSpeHMJe  [udAbr^en^iya] 
n  -H  rii  1.  fertilizing,  ferti- 
lization; 2.   fertilizer. 

yAoScxBJo  [udopstva]  n  -a, 
~  1.  comfort  (a  state  of 
ease);  2.  convenience  (a  use- 
ful appliance);  KBapxHpa  co 
BceMH  ~aMH  flat  with  every 
convenience. 

yAOBjiexBopHxejibHlbiH  [uda- 
vPitvAr**it^il*'niy]  a  sh  f 
yAOBJiexBopHxejien,  -a,  -o,  -u 
satisfactory. 

yAOBjiexBopMxb  see  yAOBJiex- 

BOpflXb. 

yAOBjiexBoplHXb  [udavl^it- 
VAr^at'']  imperf  -hio,  -nemb, 
yAOBjiexBopliixb  [udavPitvA- 
r^'it^]  perf  -k>,  -uuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  1  satisfy,  gratify; 
comply  with  (a  request,  etc); 
2.  meet  (the  requirements^ 
etc). 

yAOBOJIbCXBHle  [udAVol^- 
gb^fa^bjygj  ^  .jj^  .g  1^  pleas- 
ure (delight,  joy);  k  66m,eMy 
— K)  to  everybody's  delight; 
2.  amusement,  diversion; 
<>  acHXb  B  CBoe  --e  ^  enjoy 
life. 

yAocxaHBlaxb  [udAstaivst''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  yAocx6|- 
HXb  [udAstoit'']  perf  -k), 
-HUJb,  p  -HA,  imp  -Pi  1. 
award  (a  prize,  etc);  confer 
(an  honorary  degree,    etc);  2, 


—  497 


y«e 


favour  (with),  honour  {with); 
OH  a  He  YAocTOHJia  ero  otbc- 
TOM  she  did  not  deign  to  an- 
swer him. 

y;]^ocTOBepeHHle  [udastav^i^- 
r^'en^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  certifi- 
cation, attestation  {the  pro- 
cess of);  2.  certificate  (a  doc- 
ument); -—e  JTHHHOCTH  iden- 
tification card. 

yAocTOBepHTb    see    yAocxo- 

BepHTb. 

yAOCTOBeplnTb  [udsstav^i^- 
r^at^]  imperf  -hk),  -neiiib, 
yAOCTOBep|HTb  [udastAv^e- 
r^it^]  perf  -lo,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b  certify,  attest  (that...), 

—  HTb  JIH^HOCTb  KOFO-Jl.   prOVe 

smb's  identity;  ~HTb  Mbio-Ji. 
noAHHCb  witness  smb's  sig- 
nature. 

yAOCTOHTb  see  yAOCiaH- 
Baxb, 

yflo^lKa  [udach^ka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  fishing-rod;  saKHHyxb  ^* 
Ky  cast  the  line  {also 
see  <>]; 

<>  saKHHyxb  --Ky  col  sug- 
gest tentatively;  ask  tenta- 
tively; noHMaxb  Ha  ~Ky  col 
dupe  (stTib);  nonacxbcji  na 
~Ky  col  swallow  /  take  the 
bait. 

yApaxb  see  y^Hpaxb. 

yAyuiJiHBlbiH  [udushPiviy] 
a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  suf- 
focating, choking,  stifling; 
2.:  ~biH  raa  asphyxiating 
gas. 

■yeflHHeHH  je  [uyid^in^en^iya] 
n  -a  solitude,  seclusion,  re- 
tirement. 

yeAy  [uyedu],  ycAeuib 
[uyed^ish.    -zh]    1st    &    2nd 


persons   of   yexaxb;    see   yes- 
>Kaxb. 

ye3>KaH  [uyi^zh^:ay]  imp 
of  yexaxb  &  yeamarh;  see 
yesmaxb. 

yesjKJaxb  [uyi^zh^:at^]  im- 
perf -aK),  -aeuib,  yexjaxb 
[uyekhat^]  perf  ye^y,  yeAeuib, 
p  -aji,  imp  yea^aft  leave, 
go  away,  depart; 
<>  Ha  3X0M  flajicKo  He  yeiieuib 
col  it  won't  take  you  far, 
you  won't  achieve  much  by 
it. 

ym  I  [ush,  uzh]  m  yma, 
ymeik  zool  grass-snake. 

y)K  II  [ush, uzh]  I  adv=ymk\ 
II  part  intens  1.:  oweHb 
ym  MHoro  acji  y  Hero  he  has 
too  many  things  to  do;  2.: 
yjK  ecJiH  ACJiaxb,  xo  A^Jiaxb 
xopoiuo  if  you  are  to  do  it, 
you  must  do  it  properly;  y>K 
6h-xo  3Haex  he  is  sure  to 
know;  yjK  KaK  oh  cxapa^cn! 
he  really  tried  it  hard! 

ywajiHxb  see  JKajiHXb. 

y>Kac  [uzhas,  -z]  I  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  terror,  horror; 
o6'bHXbiH  ~0M  terror-stricken; 
6bixb  B  ~e  be  horrified;  2. 
{mostly  pi)  horrors  {of  war, 
etc);  3.  dismay,  consternation; 
II  as  an  adv  col  terribly, 
horribly,  awfully;  — -  KaK 
^apKo  it's  terribly  hot. 

yma.cH\biK  [uzhasnty]  a  sh 
f  yjKacen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  terrible, 
horrible;  awful,  ghastly. 

yjKC  [uzhi^]  comp  of  ysKHH 
&  corresp  adv. 

yme  [uzhe]  adv  &  part 
already;  by  this  time,  by 
now;    ^    He    no    longer;    '^ 


yiKM 


498  — 


AaBHO  long   since,    long  ago; 
for  a  long  time  now. 

y«HH  [uzhin]  m  -a,  -ob 
supper. 

yxHulaTb  [uzhinat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  noiy^HHaTb 
[pAUzhinat^]  perf  have  sup- 
per. 

yjKy  [uzhu]  see  yAHXb. 

ysScK  [uz^b^ek,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  Uzbek. 

y36eKCKlHH  [uz^b^eksk^iy] 
a  -aji,  -oe,  -He  Uzbek. 

yaeji  [uz^'il]  m  ysjia,  pi 
ysjibi,  ysJioB  1.  knot  {in  a 
rope,  etc);  saBHSbmaTb  ysJioM 
make  a  knot,  knot;  2.:  ~ 
conpoTHBJieHHH  mil  centre  of 
resistance;    3.    bundle,    pack. 

ysKJHH  [usk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He,  sh  f  ysoK,  -a,  -o,  -h  (-h) 
1,  narrow  {street,  etc);  tight 
{clothes,  etc);  2.  fig  narrow 
{interests,  etc);  narrow-mind- 
ed; 
<>  -^oe    MecTo   weak    point. 

ysjia  [uzla],  ysnoe  [uzlof, 
-v]  see  yaeji 

ysHalBaxb  [uznAvat^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -euib,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Ban,  ysHJaTb  [uznat^j  perf 
-aio,  -aeiiib  1.  learn,  get  to 
know;  2.  find  out  {smb's 
address);  imperf  also  inquire 
{about);  3.  recognize  {an  old 
friend,  etc). 

y30K  [uzak,  -g]  see    ysKHH. 

yaop  [uzor]  m  -a,  -ob  pat- 
tern {a  decorative  design). 

yHAH  [uyd^i]  imp  of  yflTH; 
see  yxoAHTb. 

yflfly  [uydu],  yfi^iemb 
[uyd^osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  per- 
sons  of    yfliH;    see   yxojxuTb. 


yHTH  see  yxoAHXb. 

ynas  [ukas,  -z]  m  -a,  -oe 
decree,  edict. 

yKasaHHJe  [ukAzan^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  order;  instructions, 
directions. 

yKasaxejijb  [ukAzat^il^]  m 
-H,  -eft  1.  signpost;  finger- 
-post;  2.  indicator,  pointer 
{in  a  gauge,  etc);  3.  index 
{uf  names,  etc). 

ynasaxb  see  yxasbiBaxb. 

yKasbiBJaxb  [ukazivat^]  im- 
perf -avD,  -aeuib,  yKaajaxb 
[ukAzat^]  perf  yKa>Ky,  yKa- 
sceiub,  p  -Li,  imp  yKa>KH  1, 
point    {to,    at);    motion   {to); 

2.  point  out;   indicate,  name; 

3.  explain,  point  out  {how 
to  do  smth);  give  instructions 
{as  to). 

yKjiaAbiBJaxb  [ukladivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  yjio^lHXb 
[ulAzhit^]  perf  -y,  yji6>KHmb, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  1.  lay  {on  the 
floor,  etc);  —  axb  jiexeft  put 
^he  children  to  bed;  2.  pack 
(up)  {one's  things);  3.  stow; 
pile  {logs,  etc);  4.  lay  {rails, 
etc). 

yKJiaAbiB|axbCji  [ukladiva- 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH, 
yjiOKJiixbca  [ulAzhittja]  perf 
-ycb,  yjioHCHuibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb  1. 
pack  (up),  be  packing  one's 
things;  2.  go  {into  some  recep- 
tacle); B  3X0X  HIUHK  He  yjio- 
»caxcH  Bce  Bemn  the  box 
can't  hold  all  these  things; 
3.  fig  keep  {within  a  certain 
time  or  other  limit);  oh  ue 
yji6>KHxCH  B  AecHTb  MHHyx  he 
wants  more  than  ten  minutes; 


499  — 


yKp 


<^  3T0  He  ~aeTCJi    b    rojioee 

^  it  is  hard  to  believe. 

yKjioH  [uklon]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
inclination,  slope;  2.  fig 
deviation  {also  pol);  npasbm 
[jieBbm]  ~  right-wing  [left- 
-wing]  deviation;  3.  fig  bias 
{practical,  technical,  etc); 
<>  HATH  noA  ~  go  downhill. 

yKJIOHHTbCfl  SeeyKJIOHHTbCH. 

yKJi6HHHB|biH  [uklon^ch^'i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -u 
evasive,  equivocal. 

yKjioHlflTbCfl  [uklAH^attsg] 
imperf  -niocb,  -neuibCH,  yKjio- 
HJHTbCfl      [uklAn^ittsaj    perf 

-lOCb,    yKJIOHHUIbCH     (-HLUbCH), 

p  -HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-HTecb  1.  deviate  {from  the 
course,  a  subject,  etc);  2.  avoid 
{meeting  smb,  etc);  evade, 
dodge  {also  fig). 

yKOJi  [ukol]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  prick  {a  small  wound  or 
the  pain  caused  by  it);  2.  in- 
jection- {of' penicillin,  etc). 

yKopeHHTbCJi      see     ynope- 

HHTbCH. 

yKopeHlflTbCJi  [ukar^i^n^a- 
ttsa]  imperf  -nexcH,  yKope- 
H|HTbCfl  [ukar^i^n^Ittja]  perf 
-HTCH,  p  -HJICH,  -Hjiacb  take 
root  {also  fig). 

yKopHTb  see  yKopHxb. 

yKop|MTb  [ukAr^at^]  imperf 

-HK),     -neuib,     yKOp|HTb     [ukA- 

r^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  reproach,  reprove. 

yKpaflKOH  [ukratkay]  adv 
stealthily,  furtively. 

yKpaHHJeu  [ukrAin^itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Ukrainian. 

yKpaHHCK[HH  [ukrAinsk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Ukrainian. 


yKpacHTb  see  yKpamaxb. 

yKpacTb  see  Kpacib. 

yKpauijaTb  [uki'Ashat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiiib,  yKpac|HTb 
[ukras^it^]per/yKpamy,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -b  adorn,  deco- 
rate, ornament;  —axb  ejiKy 
dress  the  New  Year's  tree. 

yKpeoHXb     see    yKpeiiJiHXb. 

yKpenjieHH|e  [ukr^i^pl^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  strengthen- 
ing, consolidation;  2.  mil 
fortification  (work);  npe^MO- 
cxHoe  -— e  bridge-head. 

yKpenjijflxb  [ukr^i^pl^at^] 
imperf  -Ak>,  -Heiub,  yKpen|HXb 
[ukr^i^p^it^]  perf  -jiib,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  strengthen; 
consolidate  {power,  unity, 
etc);  2.  fix,  make  fast;  3.  mil 
fortify. 

yKp6MH|biH  [ukromniy]  a 
sh  f  yKpoMen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  se- 
cluded, quiet;  comfortable, 
cosy;  -biH  yrojiOK  nook. 

yKpon  [ukr6p,  -b]  m  -a 
fennel,  dill. 

yKpbiB|axb  [ukrtvat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  yKplbixb  [uk- 
rit^]  perf  -6k).  -deiiib,  p  -b'lji, 
imp  -OH  1.  cover  {with  a 
blanket,  etc);  2.  shelter,  give 
shelter;  conceal,  harbour, 
shield. 

yKpbiBJaxbCfl  [ukrivattsa] 
imperf  -aracb,  -aeuibCH,  yK- 
p|bixbCfl  [ukrtttja]  per/  -oiocb, 
-oeiubCH,  p  -bijicH,  -biJiacb, 
imp  -OHCH,  -oHxecb  1.  cover  / 
wrap  oneself  up;  2.  seek 
shelter,  shelter;  take  shelter  / 
cover;  3.  escape  {smb's  at- 
tention, etc). 

yKpbixb  see  vKpuBaxb. 


ynp 


500 


yKpuTbCfl   see  yKpbmaTbCH, 

yKcyc  [uksus,  -z]  m  -a  vin- 
egar. 

yKycliiTb  (ukus^'it'']  perf 
yKyiuy,  yKycHujb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-11  bite    {of  a  dog,  flea,  etc) 

yjiaejiMBJaTb  [ulavl'^ivat*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aemb,  yjioBJHTb 
[ulAv'^it'']  perf  -j\k),  yjioBHiub, 
p  -h;i,  imp  -h  catch  /  grasp 
[the  meaning,  difference,  etc). 

yjiajiHTb  see  y;ia>KHBaTb. 

yjia)KHBjaTb  [ulazhivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub,  yjiaA|HTb 
[ulad'^it*']  perf  yjia>Ky,  -mub, 
p  -HJT,  imp  -b  settle,  arrange 
{differences,  etc);  ~aTb  ccopy 
make  up  a  quarrel. 

yjieii  [ul'^iyl  m  y;ibH,  pi 
yjihw,  yjibee  (bee)hive. 

yjiexlaxb  [ul'^i^tat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeujb,  yjiexleib  [ul'^i^- 
t^'et'']  perf  yjieny,  -rimb,  p 
-eji,  imp  -H  fly  off  /  away; 
leave  by  air. 

yjiHKJa  [ul'^ika]  /  -h,  ~ 
evidence,  proof  {of  crime). 

yjiHT|Ka  [uPitka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
zool  snail. 

y;iHu|a  [ul'^itsa]  /  -bi,  ~ 
street;  Ha  ~e  1)  in  the  street; 
2)  out  of  doors,   in  the  open. 

yjiMMJaxb  [ul'^ich'^at'']  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  y;iH4|iixb 
[ul'^ich'^it'']  perf  -y,  -Huib,  p 
-ViJ\,  imp  -H  convict,  expose, 
catch  out;  ~aTb  kofo-ji.  bo 
ji>KH  catch   smb   lying. 

yinoBHXb  see  yjiaejiHBaxb. 

yjioKHXb    ^ee    yKJia^biBaxb. 

yjiowiixbcsi  see  yKjia^bi- 
eaxbCH. 

yjiymuiaxb  [ulutshat'']  im- 
perf  -aio,    -aeuib,  yjiyHu|HXb 


[ulutshtt'']  perf  -y,  -HUJb,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  improve,  make 
better,  better 

yjibi61axbc«  [uUbattsa]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aembCH,  yjibi6- 
H|yxbcji  [ulibnuttso]  perf 
-ycb,  -euibCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -\\Qh,  -Hiecb  1.  smile 
{also  fig)\  2.  {no  perf)  fig 
col:  eMy  [eft  u  m.  d.]  sio  ue 
~aeTCH  he  [she,  etc]  doesn't 
like  the  idea. 

yjibi6'|Ka  [ullpka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  smile  {on  the  face). 

yjibi6Hyxbc«  see  yjibi6axb- 
CH    1. 

yjibXHMaxyM  [ul''t''imatum] 
m  -a,  -OB  ultimatum. 

yjibH  [ul''y9],  yjibCB 
[lil'^yaf,  -v]  see  yjiefi. 

yM  [um]  m  yivia,  yMOB  mind; 
wit,   intellect; 

<>  B  cBoeM  yMe  in  one's 
right  mind;  He  b  cbgcm  yivi^ 
not  right  in  the  head;  6bixb 
6e3  yivia  ox  Koro-Ji.  [ox  ne- 
r6-ji.|co/  be  crazy  about  smb 
[smth];  ce6e  Ha  yivie  col  crafty, 
with  one's  wits  about  one; 
cBecxM  c  yivia  drive  mad;  cofl. 
xH  c  yivia  go  mad;  bu  c  yivia 
coiujihI    col    are    you    crazy? 

yMejibiH  [um''elty]  a  able, 
skilful,  capable. 

yivicH    [um'^on]    see   yMHbift. 

yMeHH|e  [um*'en''iya]  n  -a 
ability,  skill;  knack  {of  smth). 

yMCHbiuIaxb  [um'^i^n'^shat''] 
imperf  -aw,  -aemb,  yivieHb- 
uj|HXb.[um''en''shft'']  perf  -y, 
-HUib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  &yMeHb- 
iij|MXb  [um'^i^n^'shtt'']  perf 
-y,  -Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  di- 
minish,   decrease,    lessen;  re- 


501 


yHH 


duce  {prices,  etc);  abate  (the 
pain,  etc);  ~aTb  CKopocTb 
slow  down;  reduce   the  speed 

(of)- 

yMepeHH'ibiH  [um^'er^inty] 
a  [pa]  sh  f  yMepeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
moderate,  temperate. 

ywepexb  see  yMHpaxb. 

yMecTH|bFH  [um'^esnty]  a  sh 
f  yMecTeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  appro- 
priate; opportune,  apt,  timely. 

yMe|Tb  [um^'et'^]  imperf  -lo, 
-eiiib  be  able  {to  do  smth); 
be  good  {at  smth);  oh  —ex 
qHxaxb  H  nHcaxb  he  can  read 
and  write. 

yMHp|axb  [um^'irat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiiJb,  yMcpjexb  [um'^i^- 
r^'et'']  perf  VMpy,  yMpeuib,  p 
yMep,  -Jia,  yiviepjio,  yMepjiH, 
imp  yMpH  die,  pass  away; 
perf  also  be  dead; 
<>  ~axb  ox  /  CO  CKyKH  col 
be  bored  to  death. 

yMHOKjaxb  [umnAzhat^] 
imperf -3\o,  -aeiub,  yMH6iK|HXb 
[umnozhit'']  perf  -y,  -Huib, 
p  -HJi,  'mp  -h  1.  increase, 
multiply,  augment;  2.  math 
multiply. 

ywHOMtHXb  see  yMHOH<axb  & 

MH6>KilXb. 

yMHibifi  [umniy]  a  sh  f 
yuen,  -a,  -o  (-6),  -bi  (-bi) 
clever,  intelligent;  sensible 
{behaviour,   etc). 

yiMOH  [umoy]  imp  of  yMb'ixb; 
see  vMbiBaxb. 

yMOjiMXb  see  yMOjiHXb. 

yMOJiK  m  -y:  6e3  ~y  [b'^i^z- 
umalku]  unceasingly,  without 
stopping;  roBopHXb  6e3  ~y 
talk  nineteen  to  the  doz- 
en. 


yMOJi|flxb  [umAPat'']  imperf 
-H(o,  -Heuub,  yMOji|HXb  [umA- 
)''it'']  perf  -K),  yMOJiHuib,  p 
-uj\,  imp  -H  entreat,  implore; 
supplicate. 

yMOK)  [umoyu],  yMoeuib 
[umoyash,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  per- 
sons of  yMbixb;  see  yMbi- 
Baxb. 

yMpH  [umr^i]  imp  of  yue- 
pexb;  see  yMHpaxb. 

yMpy  [umru],  yivipemb  [um- 
r^'osh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd  persons 
of  vMepexb;    see  yMHpaxb. 

yMcxeeHHbiH  [ums^f'v^m- 
nty]  a    mental,    intellectual. 

ywbiBajibHMK  [umtval''n''ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  wash(ing)-stand. 

yMbiBJaxb  [umtvat'' ] /mper/ 
-aK),  -aeujb,  yMwxb  [umlt**] 
perf  yMOK),  yMoeiub,  p  yubiji, 
imp  yMOH  wash  {one's  hands, 
face,  etc); 

<>  —  axb  pyKH  col  wash  one's 
hands  of  it. 

yiMbicieji  [umis^il]  m  -jia, 
-jioB  design,  intention,  intent; 
c  —jioM  deliberately;  6e3  — 
jia  unintentionally. 

yMbixb  see  yMbmaxb. 

yMb'iujjieHH|biH  [umlshl'T- 
niy]  a  [pa]  intentional,  de- 
liberate. 

yHecxH  see  yHOCHXb. 

yHHBcpMar  [un^iv^i^rmak, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  (=yHHBepcajib- 
HbiH  Mara3HH)  department 
shop  /  store. 

yHHBepcajibH|biH  [un^iv'^i^r- 
sal^niy]  a  sh  f  yHHBepcajieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  universal  {1 )  knowl- 
edge, etc;  2)  remedy,  etc); 
~biH  cxaHOK  general-purpose 
machine-tool. 


yHH 


—  502 


yHHBepCMTex  [un^iv^irs^i- 
t^et,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  univer- 
sity. 

yHH)K|aTb  [un^izhat^]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeuib,  VHHslHTb 
[un^Iz^it^]  per/  yHH>Ky,  -Hiijb, 
p  -Hji,  imp  -b  iiumble,  liu- 
miliate. 

yHH)K|aTbC5i  [un^izliatts8] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuibCH,  yHH- 
sJHTbCfl  [un^iz^ittsa]  perf 
ymmycb,  -HiiibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-Hjiacb,  imp  -bcH,  -biecb  abase 
oneself,  humiliate  oneself; 
humble  oneself,  grovel;  stoop 
{to  begging,  etc). 

yHHJKeHMJe  [un^izhen^iya] 
n  -51,  -H  humiliation,  abase- 
ment; Tepnexb^fl  bear  hu- 
miliation; noABepraxbCH  ~jim 
suffer  indignity. 

yHH3HTejibHlbiH  [un^iz^i- 
t^il^niy]  a  sh  f  yHHSHxejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  humiliating,  de- 
grading. 

yHHSHTb  see  yHHJKaxb. 

yHH3HTbCJi  see    ynHjKaxbCH. 

yHHxas  fun^itas,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  lavatory  pan. 

yHHMTOKJaTb  [un^ich^'tA- 
zhat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeiub, 
yHMHxowj  HTb  [un^'ich'^tozhit^ j 
perf  -y,  -Huib,  p  -hji,  imp  -b 

1.  destroy  [enemy  tanks,  etc); 
annihilate,  exterminate,  wipe 
out;  2.  abolish,  do  away  with. 

yHoclHTb  [unAs^it^]  imperf 
yHomy,  yHocHuib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  yKcclTH  [un^i^s^t^i]  perf 
-y,  -emb,  p  ynec,  -Jia,  imp 
-H  1.  take  away,  carry  away; 

2.  col  carry  off  {steal). 
yHMBlaxb  [univat*']   imperf 

^aw,     -aeiub    lose    heart,    be 


depressed,  be  dejected;  lose 
courage. 

yHbiJi|biH  [unlUy]  a  sh  f 
~-,  -a,  -o,  -bi  sad,  cheerless, 
dismal;  despondent,  down- 
cast. 

yna;i!oK  [upadak,  -g]  m  -Ka 
1.  decline,  decay;'  decadence 
{in  literature,  etc);  depression, 
recession  {in  economic  ac- 
tivity); 2.:  —OK  CHji  collapse, 
break-down  {of  the  body). 

ynaKoeaxb  see  ynaKosbi- 
Baxb. 

ynaKOBbiBlaxb  [upAkovt- 
vat^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  yna- 
K|oBaTb  [upakAvat^]  perf  -yio, 
-^emb,  p  -OBaji,  imp  -yfi  pack 
{one's  things,  goods,  etc). 

ynacTb  see  na^axb  1, 

ynjiaxHTb  see  njiaxHXb  1. 

ynojiHOMOHeHHibiH  [upalnA- 
moch^iniy]  m  [pa]  -oro,  -bix 
representative,  delegate; 

proxy,  authorized  agent. 

ynoMHH|axb  [upani^inat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ynoMH- 
Hlyxb  [upam^i^nut^]  perf  -y, 
ynoMflHeuib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
mention,  refer  to. 

ynop  [upor]  m  -a,  -ob  prop, 
rest,  support  {for  a  gun,  feet, 
etc); 

0>  flejiaxb  —  Ha  hxo-ji.  /  Ha 
HCM-Ji.  lay  (special)  emphasis 
on  smth;  BbicxpejiHXb  b  — 
fire  point-blank;  cnasaxb 
HXO-JI.  B  —  tell  smth  right 
in  the  face;  CMoxpexb  b  ■— 
stare  {at  smb). 

ynopHJb'/H  [uporniy]  a  sh  f 
ynopeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  persistent 
{person,  etc);  stubborn  {re- 
sistance, etc). 


—  533 


yny 


ynopcTBJOBaTb  [uporst- 

vv9t^]  imperf  -yio,  -yemb,  p 
-oeaji,  imp  -yft  persist  {in 
one's  opinion,  etc);  be  obsti- 
nate. 

ynoTpeSHTejibHibiH  [upa- 
tr^i^b^it^iPniy]  a  sh  f  ynoT- 
pe6HTejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  wide- 
ly used,  in  common  use. 

ynoTpeSHTb     see    ynoTpe6- 

JIHTb. 

ynoTpe6jieHH|e  [upatr^i^b- 
l^en^iya]  n  -h  use,  employ- 
ment, application. 

ynoTpefijilflTb  [upatr^i^b- 
Pat^]  imperf  -hk),  -neuib, 
ynoTpe6|HTb  [upatr^i^b^it^j 
perf  -jiK),  -Hiiib,  p  -HJi,  imp 
-H  use,  make  use  of,  employ; 
take  {medicine,  etc); 
<>  —  HTb  B  ACJio  make  good 
use  of. 

ynpaBjiCHHle  [uprAvPe- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  governing, 
government,  administration; 
management  {the  process  of); 
direction,  control;  2.  conduct- 
ing    {of    an    orche'itra,    etc); 

3,  office,  department,   board; 

4.  control  {of  a  plane,  ship, 
troops,  fire,  etc);  5.  ling 
government. 

ynpaBjiJMTb  [uprAvPat^]  im- 
perf -^K),  -Heiub  1.  run,  op- 
erate {a  machine,  etc);  drive 
{a  car,  etc);  steer  {a  boat, 
etc);  2.  manage,  direct,  con- 
trol; govern  (/}  the  state,  etc; 
2)  one's  passions,  etc);  3.  con- 
duct {an  orchestra,  etc). 

ynpaBjiHtou^JHH  [uprAv- 

Payush^:iy]  m  [pa]  -ero,  -hx 
manager,  superintendent;  --hh 
AejiaMH  business  manager. 


ynpa>KHeHHJe  [uprAZhn^e- 
n^iya]  n  -h,  -h  exercise 
{1)  vocal,  gymnastic,  etc; 
2)  in  a  textbook,  etc). 

ynpajKHlflTbCH  [uprAzhn^a- 
ttja]  imperf  -Hiocb,  -neuibCH 
practise  (the  piano,  one's 
English,  etc). 

ynpasflHMTb      see     ynpaa^- 

HHTb. 

ynpasflHJflTb  [uprAz^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  ynpas/t- 
HJHTb  [uprAz^n'^It'']  perf  -k), 
-Hiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  abolish 
{an  institution,  custom,  etc); 
abrogate  {privileges,  etc). 

ynpaiuHBlaxb  [uprashtvat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  y  n  po- 
ol HTb  [uprAs^it^]  perf  ynpo- 
my,  ynpocHuib,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H  beg,  entreat,  urge,  coax, 
beseech;  perf  also  prevail 
(upon). 

ynpcK  [upr^ok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  reproach,  rebuke. 

ynpeKJaxb  [upr^i^kat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  ynpeKH|yTb 
[upr^i^knut^J  perf  -y,  -emb, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  reproach,  re- 
buke, upbraid. 

ynpocHTb  see    ynparnHBaxb. 

ynpyrJHH  [uprug^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -h 
elastic,  springy,  resilient. 

ynpflMJbiH  [upr^amiy]  a  sh 
/  — ',  -a,  -0,  -bi  obstinate, 
stubborn,  headstrong. 

ynycK|aTb  [upuskat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -^enib,  ynycTJHTb 
[upus^t^it^]  per/' yny  my,  yny- 
cTHuib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  let 
go /slip;  let  escape;  2.  miss 
{a  chance,  'etc); 
<>  ynycTHTb  H3  bhaV  forget, 


ypa 


504  — 


not  bear  in  mind;  fail  to 
take  into  consideration. 

ypa  [ura]  int  hurrah!,  hur- 
ray! 

ypaBHeHHJe  [urAvn'^en^'iya] 
n  -n,  -H  1,  equalization, 
equalizing;  2.  math  equation. 

yparaH  [urAgan]  m  -a,  -ob 
hurricane,  tornado. 

ypaH  [uran]  m  -a  chem 
uranium. 

ypHJa  [urna]  /  -bi,  —  1. 
urn  {to  hold  the  ashes  of  the 
dead);  2.  litter-box,  litter- 
-basket;  3.  ballot-box. 

ypoBjcHb  [ur9v*'m*'jm  -un, 
-HCH  1.  level  {of  the  sea, 
etc);  2.  standard  {of  living, 
etc);  level  {of  production, 
etc);  3.   level  (gauge). 

ypofl  [urot,  -d]  m    -a,    -ob 

1.  monster,   freak  of    nature; 

2.  ugly  person. 
ypOiiJiHBibiH  [urod^'l'^iviy]  a 

sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  ugly, 
deformed,  misshapen;  2.  fig 
abnormal,  monstrous. 

ypo>KalH  [urAzhay]  m  -h, 
-CB  1.  harvest,  yield,  crop; 
2.  rich  harvest,  abundant 
crop. 

ypo)KeHieu[urAzhen''itj,-dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  native  {of  some 
town,  etc). 

ypoK  [urok,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  lesson,  class;  2.  home-work, 
lesson,  task;  3.  teaching  pe- 
riod, lesson;  4.  fig  lesson; 
Aaxb  KOMy-Ji.  xopomwH  ~ 
teach  smb  a  good   lesson. 

ypoHHTb  see  poHHib. 

ycaaMTb  see  yca/KHBaib. 

yca>KHB!aTb  (usazhivat''] 
imperf     -aio,      -aeuib,      yca- 


fl|HTb  [usAd^'it^]  perf  yca>Ky 
yca/tHUJb,  p  -hj\,  imp  -h  1, 
seat  (a  person);  make  sit 
down;  ask  to  sit  down;  2 
set  {smb  to  work,  to  draw 
ing,  etc). 

yca}KHB|aTbcsi  [usazhiva 
ttja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aembCH 
yce|cTbCH  [us'^estsa]  perf 
ycHAycb,  ycHAeuibCH,  p  -jich 
-jiacb,  imp  ycHAbCH,  ycHAb 
Tecb  1.  take  a  seat,  take 
seats,  seat  oneself;  2.  set  /  set 
tie  (to  work,  etc). 

ycBaHB|aTb  [usvaivaf"]  im 
perf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ycB6|MTb 
[usvoit'']  perf  -lo,  -Hiiib,  p  -h.t 
imp  -H  1.  adopt,  acquire 
{a  habit,  etc);  2.  learn  {a 
lesson,  etc);  master  {a  sub- 
ject, etc);  '6.  assimilate,  ab- 
sorb. 

ycepAHlbiH  [us^erdniy]  a 
sh  f  ycepACH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  zeal- 
ous; assiduous,  diligent,  in- 
dustrious. 

ycecTbcfli  see  ycaH^HeaTbCH. 

ycHjieHH,biH  [us^il^'mty]  a 
[pa]:  ~aa  pa66Ta  strentious 
work;  ~bie  np6cb6bi  earnest 
requests;  BecxH  —  yio  no^ro- 
TOBKy  intensify  /  step  up  prep- 
arations. 

ycHjiMBJaTb  [us^il'^ivat*'] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  ycHJiJHTb 
[us*'il^it'']  perf  -k),  -Huib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -b  strengthen,  rein- 
force; increase,  intensify, 
step  up;  amplify  {sounds); 
~aTb  BHHMaHHe  K  qeMy-Ji. 
pay  more  attention  to  smth; 
~aTb  HHiepec  heighten  in- 
terest; —  aib  6AHTe;ibH0CTb 
enhance  vigilance. 


505 


yen 


ycHjiMJe  [us^iPiyo]  n  -n, 
-H  effort,  exertion. 

ycHjiHTb  see  ycHJiHeaTb. 

ycKOjibsIaxb  [uskAl^zat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ycKOjibs- 
HJyxb  [uskAl^'znut'']  perf  -y, 
-eiub,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  'I.  col  slip  / 
steal  away;  slip,  steal  {out 
of  the  room,  etc);  2.  fig  slip, 
escape  (smb's  attention,  etc); 
give  (smb)  the  slip. 

ycKopMTb  see  ycKopHXb. 

ycKopjwTb  [uskAr^at'']  im- 
perf   -HK),     -HeiUb,      yCKOpJHTb 

[uskor^'it^]  perf  -lo,  -wuih,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -b  1.  quicken,  has- 
ten; accelerate;  2.  precipitate 
{events,  an  occurrence,  etc). 
ycjiOBHle  [uslov^iya]  n  -n, 
pi  -H,  -H  1.  condition  {that 
on  which  smth  else  depends); 
prerequisite;  o6H3aTejibHoe 
—  e  indispensable  /  necessary 
condition;  nocxaeHTb  ~eM.., 
make  it  a  condition  that...; 
npH  --H,  qxo...  on  condition 
that...,  provided...;  2.  term, 
stipulation  {of  an  agreement, 
etc);  clause  {of  a  contract, 
etc);  3.  p/ conditions;  circum- 
stances;      6bIX0Bbie      [}KHJIHm- 

Hbie]  ~H  living  [housing]  con- 
ditions;   HH    npH     KaKHX    -^HX 

under  no  circumstances. 
ycjiOBHxbcfl     see    ycjioBjiH- 

BaXbCH. 

ycjioBJiHBlaxbCJi  [uslovl^'i- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,  ycjioBJHXbCji  [usl6v^ittj9] 
perf  -Jiiocb,  -HuibCH,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb 
agree,  arrange  {with  smb 
about  smth,  to  do  smth);  fix, 
settle  {the  date,  price,  etc). 


ycjiOBHlbiii  [uslovniy]  a  sh 
f  ycjiOBCH,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  con- 
ventional {signs,  symbols, 
etc);  ~biH  3HaK  prearranged 
signal;  2.  conditional  {award, 
consent,  etc);  —bift  npHfOBop 
law  nominal  sentence;  3.  rel- 
ative {character,  nature,  etc); 
4.  theat  symbolic;  5.  ling 
conditional; 

<>  ~biH  pe(l)jieKC  conditioned 
reflex. 

ycjiyr[a  [uslugs]  /  -h,  ~ 
service,  good  turn,  office; 
npeAJiaraxb  cboh  -—h  offer 
one's  assistance;  OKaaaxb  ko- 
My-Ji.  nJioxyK)  -^y  do  smb  an 
ill  turn; 

<>  MeABCJKbfl  ~a  co/^  dis- 
service; ill  turn;  k  eaiuHM 
'~aM  1)  at  your  service; 
2)  at  your  disposal. 

ycjiywjiHBlbiH  [usluzhl^'i- 
viy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
obliging,  complaisant. 

ycjibimaxb  see  cjib'imaxb 
1,  3. 

ycMeui|Ka  [us^m^eshka]  | 
-KH,  -eK  smile,  grin;  sneer, 
smirk. 

ycH|yxb  [usnut'']  perf  -y, 
-emb,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  fall 
asleep. 

ycoBepiueHcxBoeaTb  see  co- 
BepmeHcxBOBaxb. 

ycneBaeM0cx|b  [us^p^i^va- 
yamas^t'',  -z^'d^]  /  -h  pro- 
gress, results  {in  one's  stud- 
ies); HH3KaH  ~b  poor  progress  / 
results. 

ycneeiaxb  [us^p^i^vat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  ycnjexb 
fus^'p^'et*']  perf  -eio,  -eeuib  1. 
have  time  {to  do   smth);    be 


yen 


506 


in  time  (for  dinner,  a  train, 
etc);  2.  (no  perf)  advance, 
make  progress  {in  one's  stud- 
ies, etc);  He  ~-aTb  no  apH^)- 
MeTHKe  lag  behind  in  arith- 
metic; 3.  succeed,  be  success- 
ful {in  an  undertaking). 

ycnex  [us^p^ekh, -gh]  m  -a, 
pi  -H,  -OB  1.  success  {of  an 
experiment,  person,  etc);  2. 
pi  advancement,  progress  {in 
one's  studies,  etc); 
<0  c  xaKHM  me  -—om  with 
equal  success,  just    as    well. 

ycneuiHlbiH  [us^p^'eshn+y] 
a  sh  f  ycnemen,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
successful  {mission,  etc). 

ycnoKaMBlaTb  [uspAkaivat''] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ycno- 
KOJHTb  [uspAkoit^]  perf  -kd, 
-iiuib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  i.  calm, 
quiet  {a  child,  etc);  soothe 
{pain,  one's  conscience,  etc}; 
2.  reassure,  set  at  ease. 

ycnoKaHBlaxbCji  [uspAkai- 
vattja]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
C5i,    ycnoKOJHTbcsi    [uspAkoi- 

ttS9]  perf  -K)Cb,  -HIlIbCH,  p 
-HJICH,     -HJiaCb,    imp    -HC5I,    -fi- 

Tecb  calm  /  quiet  down  {of 
a  sick  person,  child,  etc); 
abate,  subside;  —aibCH  Ha 
AocTHrnyTOM  ^  rest  on  lau- 
rels; OH  He  ycnoKOHTCH,  no- 
Ka...  he  will  never  know 
rest  until... 

ycnoKOHTb  see  ycnoKaHBaxb. 

ycnoKOHTbcfl    see   ycnoKaH- 

BaibCH. 

ycrae  [ustaf,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  regulations,  statute(s);  ~ 
napxHH  party  rules;  ~  OOH 
UN  Charter;  2.  mil  regula- 
tions; manual. 


ycTaleaTb  [ustAvat^]  im- 
perf -K),  -eiiib,  p  -Baji,  imp 
-Baft,  ycraJTb  [ustat**]  perf 
-Hy,  -Heuib,  p  -Ji,  imp  -ub 
tire,  get  tired;  perf  also  be 
tired. 

ycxajibiH  [ustaliy]  a  tired 
weary,  worn-out. 

ycTaHaBjiHB|aTb     [ustAnav 
Pivat^]    imperf    -aio,    -aeuib 
ycxaHOBlHTb        [ustauAv^it^ 
perf  -jiK),  ycxanoBHuib,  p  -hji 
imp  -H  1.  set,  put,  place;   in 
stall  {machinery,    equipment 
etc);  mount  (a  gun);  2.  estab 
lish  {!)  laws,  order,    etc;    2) 
diplomatic  relations,  contact 
etc);     3.   ascertain;     establish 
{a    fact,     the    truth,    smb's 
identity,  etc);  4.  determine,  fix 
{the  price,  time,  etc). 

ycxanoBlKa  [ustAnofka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  1.  installing,  mount- 
ing; 2.  technol  installation, 
plant;  3.  aim,  purpose,  ob- 
ject; BSHxb  '-Ky  Ha...  aim 
at...,  have  as  an  object...; 
4.  directions,  instructions. 

ycxapexb  see  cxapexb  2. 

ycxaxb  see  ycxasaxb. 

ycxHbiH  [usniy]  a  oral 
{speech,  examination,  etc); 
verbal  (contract,  evidence, 
etc). 

ycx6HHHB|biH  [ustoych^iviy] 
a  s/i  /  ~',  -a,  -o,  -bi  stable 
(/)  prices,  weather,  etc;  2) 
views,  etc);   firm,  steady. 

ycxpaHBJaxb  [ustraivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib,  ycxp6|.HXb 
[ustroit^]  perf  -lo,  -Hiub,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -Pi  1.  organize,  ar- 
range {a  meeting,  exhibition, 
etc);    give  (a   reception,  etc); 


507  — 


ycy 


2.  settle,  put  in  order  (one's 
affairs,  matters,  etc);  3. 
place  (a  child  in  school, 
a  patient  in  hospital,  etc); 
ycTpoHTb  Koro-Ji.  Ha  pa66Ty 
procure  a  job  /  a  situation 
for  smb;  ycTpoHXb  kofo-ji. 
Ha  Hoqb  put  smb  up  for  the 
night;  4,  col  make  (a  scene, 
trouble  for  smb);  5.:  eauie 
npeAJiojKeHHe  mchh  --  aeT  your 
offer  suits  me;  axo  eac  ^aei? 
will  that  suit  you?;  is  it 
convenient  to  you? 

ycTpaHBlarbcsi  [ustraiva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -aiocb,  -aeuib- 
CH,    ycTp6'|HTbCfl    [ustroittsa] 

perf    -K)Cb,    -HIUbCH,     p     -HJICH, 

-Hjiaub,  imp  -HCH,  -ftiecb  1. 
come  right,  straighten  out, 
come  out  well;  2.  get  settled, 
settle  (in  a  new  flat,  etc); 
ycTpoHTbcH  Ha  pa66Ty  find  a 
sit-uation;  -—aiixecb  noyA66Hee 
make  yourself  comfortable; 
OH  yMeer  —  axbCH  ^  he 
knows  on  which  side  his 
bread  is  buttered,  he  is  very 
smart. 

ycTpaHHTb    see   ycxpaHHTb. 

ycTpaH|aTb  [ustrAn^at^j 
imperf  -hk),  -neiub,  ycrpa- 
HJHTb  [ustrAn^it^]  perf  -ib, 
-Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  remove 
(an  obstacle,  barrier,  etc); 
eliminate  (errors,  differences, 
etc). 

ycTpcMHTbcfl     see    ycTpeM- 

JIHTbCH. 

ycTpeMji|flTbcfl  [ustr^i^m- 
Pattsa]  imperf  -niocb,  -neuib- 
CH,  ycTpeM|HTbCfl  [ustr^i^- 
m^ittja]  perf  -Jiibcb,  -HiubCH, 
p    -HJiCH,    -HJiacb,    imp    -HCb, 


-Hiecb  1.  rush,  swarm  (to); 
2.  be  turned  (to)  (said  of 
the  eyes,  gaze,  look). 

ycxpoHTb  see  ycxpaHBaxb. 

ycxpoHXbCfl  see  ycxpaHsaxb- 

CH. 

ycxpoflcxBlo  [ustroystval  n 
-a,  •—  1.  arranging,  arrange- 
ment, organizing,  organiza- 
tion; putting  in  order;  2. 
lay-out,  plan  (of  a  flat,  etc); 
working  principle,  design  (of 
a  machine);  3.  structure,  sys- 
tem (of  a  state);  o6inecxBeH- 
Hoe  --o  social  order;  4. 
mechanism-,  contrivance,  de- 
vice. 

ycxynjaxb  [ustupat^j  im- 
perf -2LK>,  -aemb,  ycxyn|HXb 
[ustup^it^j  perf  -jivd,  ycxy- 
HHmb,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H  1.  give 
up,  surrender  (one's  rights, 
etc);  cede  (territory);  2.  yield, 
succumb  (to  force,  one's  ene- 
mies, temptation,  etc);  ne 
~axb  hold  one's  own;  be 
inferior  (to,  in);  4.  col  abate, 
take  off  (the  price);  5.  col 
let  have  (for  money,  as  a 
favour,  etc). 

ycxyn|Ka  [ustupka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  concession  (in  negotia- 
tions, etc);  HAXH  Ha  ~kh 
make  concessions  (to  smb); 
compromise  (in  negotiations, 
etc);  meet  half-way. 

ycxb|e  [us^'t^ya]  n  -h,  -ee 
estuary;  mouth  (of  a  river, 
etc). 

ycyrySHTb  see  ycyry6jiHXb. 

ycyry6ji|flTb  [usugubPat^] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  ycy- 
rySJHXb  [usugub^it*"]  perf 
-jiK),  -Huib,    p    -HJI,    imp    -H 


ycbi 


508 


aggravate  (an  offence,  fault, 
etc). 

ycM  [usf]  pi  ycoB  (sing  yc 
m  yea)  moustache;  whiskers 
(of  cats,  etc);  feelers  (of  in- 
sects); 

<>  KHTOBbiH  yc  whalebone; 
H  B  yc  He  flyxb  col  =  not 
care  a  hang. 

yCMHOBHTb  See  yCblHOBJIHTb. 

ycbiHOBji|flTb  [usinAvPat^] 
imperf  -hkd,  -neuib,  ycbiHO- 
BJHTb  [usinAv^'it^]  perf  -jiib, 
-Hiub,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  adopt 
(a  boy). 

ycbinHTb  see  ycbinjinxb. 

ycbinji|flTb  [usipl^at^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -Heiiib,  ycbin|HTb 
[ustp^it*']  perf  -jik),  -Huib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  1.  lull  to  sleep; 
put  to  sleep  (by  reading, 
etc);  make  drowsy  /  sleepy; 
2.  fig  lull  (suspicion,  vigi- 
lance, etc). 

ycHAycb  [us^adus^,  -z^], 
ycMfleuibCJi  [us^ad^ishs^a]  1st 
&  2nd  persons  of  ycecxbcn; 
see  ycajKHBaxbCH. 

ycMjibCfl  [us^at^s's],  ycH^b- 
xecb  [us^at^'t^is^,  -z^j  imp  of 
ycecxbCH;  see  ycajKHsaxbCH. 

yxBcpflHXb  see  yxsepH^Aaxb 
2. 

yxBepiKfljaxb  [utv^i^rzh- 
dat'']  imperf  -aio,  -aeiiib, 
yxBcpflJHXb  [utv''i^rd^it^] 
perf  yxBep>Ky,  -Hiiib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H  I.  (no  perf)  assert, 
hold,  maintain;  allege;  2.  ap- 
prove, endorse,  sanction  (a 
decision,  plan,  etc);  ratify  (a 
treaty). 

yxec  [ut^os,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
rock,  crag,  cliff. 


yxeui|axb  [ut^i^shat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeiub,  yxeiJu|HXb 
[ut^eshit^]  perf  -y,  -Hiub,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -b  comfort,  console. 

yxHji|b  [ut^iP]  m  -h  sal- 
vage, scrap. 

yxHxjaxb  [uf'ikhat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aemb,  yxMXHJyxb 
[ut^ikhnut'']  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
yxHX,  yxHXJia,  imp  -h  cease, 
die  down  (of  a  noise,  sounds); 
abate,  subside  (of  a  storm, 
etc). 

yxKJa  [utks]  /  -h,  yxoK  1. 
duck  (a  bird);  2.  fig  canard, 
false  report. 

yxojiHxb  see  yxoJiHXb. 

yxoji|flXb  [utAl^af*]  imperf 
-HK),  -Heuib,  yXOJl|HXb  [utA- 
l^it**]  perf  -K),  -Hiub,  p  -HJI, 
imp  -H  quench  (thirst);  ap- 
pease (hunger). 

yxoMHxejibH|biH  [utAm^i- 
t^'il^'nly]  a  sh  f  yxoMHxejieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  tiresome,  weari- 
some; fatiguing,  irksome. 

yxOiMHXb  see  yxoMJinxb, 

yxoMjii«xb  [utAmPat^]  im- 
perf -HK),  -Hemb,  yxoM|HXb 
[utAm^it'']  perf  -Jiib,  -Hiiib,  p 
-HJI,  imp  -H  tire,  weary, 
fatigue. 

yxoHyxb  see  xonyxb. 

yxonjaxb  [utApat**]  imperf 
-aio,  -aemb  roll  (in  luxury); 
—  axb  B  sejieHH  be  buried 
in  verdure. 

yxonHXb  see  xonHXb  HI. 

yxonjiCHHHK  [utopPin^'ik, 
-g]  m  -a,  -ob  drowned  man. 

yxoHHMXb  see  yxonnnxb. 

yxoHH|flXb  [utAch^n^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  yxoH- 
HJMXb  [utAch''n''it''l   perf  -ib, 


509 


yxy 


-Huib,  p  -HJi,  imp  -H  specify, 
make  more  definite  /  accu- 
rate, define  more  accurately  / 
exactly. 

y^rpaxja  [utrata]  /  -bi,  ~ 
loss  {to  smb,  etc);  noHeciH 
—  y  suffer  a  loss;  suffer  a 
bereavement. 

yTpeHHHH  [utr^m^n^iy]  a 
morning  (attr). 

yxpeHHHK  [utr^m^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  theat  morning  per- 
formance, matinee. 

yTp|o  [utra]  n  -a,  pi  -a,  ~, 
-aM  morning;  no  --aM  in  the 
morning(s); 

-^;^66poe  --o!  good  morning! 
{said  on  meeting). 

yrpoM  [utram]  adv  in  the 
morning. 

yxibr  [ut^iik,  -g]  m  -a,  -6b 
(flat-)iron. 

yxa  [ukha]  /  yxH  fish-soup. 

yxajKHBJaTb  [ukhazhivat^] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeiub  1.  nurse, 
take  care  {of  a  child,  patient, 
etc);  2.  court,  pay  court  {to), 
dance  attendance  {on);  woo 
{a  woman). 

yxBafJHTbCfl  [ukhvAt^ittsa] 
perf  yxBaqycb,  yxBaxHmbCH, 
p  -HJiCH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb, 
-Hxecb  1.  catch,  grasp,  lay 
hold  {of);  2.  fig  col  seize 
{an  opportunity,  etc);  snatch 
{at  an  idea,  proposal,  etc). 

yXHTpHTbCJI  seeyxHTpHTbCH. 

yxHTplMTbCM  [ukh^itr^'attsa] 
imperf  -Hiocb,  -HeiubCH, 
yxHTp|HTbcs!      [ukh^itr^ittsa] 

perf    -K)Cb,    -HLUbCJI,      p    -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hiecb  col 
contrive,  manage  {to  do 
smth). 


yxo  [ukha]  n  yxa,  pi  ymn, 
ymefi,  yuiaM  1.  ear  {the  or- 
gan of  hearing);  y  Hero  6ojiht 
yuiH  he  has  ear-ache;  2.  pi 
ear-flaps  {of  a  cap); 
■0  HaBocTpHTb  yiiiH  prick  up 
one's  ears;  uienraTb  na  yxo 
KOMy-ji.  whisper  in  smb's 
ear;  BjiioSiiTbCH  no  yuiH  be 
head  over  ears  in  love. 

yxoA  I  [ukhot,  -d]  m  -a 
departure,  leaving;  resigna- 
tion {from  office,  etc);  with- 
drawal {from  a  conference, 
etc). 

yxoA  II  [ukhot,  -d]  m  -a 
attendance,  care  {of  patients, 
etc);  servicing,  maintenance 
{of  cars,  equipment,  etc). 

yxoaJHTb  [ukhAd^it^]  im- 
perf yxojKy,  yxoAHmb,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H,  yflxH  [uyt^i]  perf 
yHAy,  yHAeiub,  p  ymeji,  ymjia, 
imp  yHAH  1.  go  away,  de- 
part, leave;  2.  resign  {a  post, 
etc);  retire  {from  the  stage, 
etc);  3.  get  away  {from), 
escape  {one's  fate,  punish- 
ment, etc);  4.  pass,  elapse 
{of  time,  years,  etc);  5.  be 
spent,  be  consumed  {of  ener- 
gy, time,  money,  etc);  na  9xo 
yuijio  xpH  qaca  it  took  three 
hours;  Ha  sxo  yxoAHX  MHoro 
Aener  it  costs  a  lot  of  mon- 
ey; 6.  col  run /boil  over  {of 
milk,  etc);  7.  fig  devote 
oneself,  give  oneself  up  {to 
science,  work,  etc). 

yxyAui|axb  [ukhutshat^] 
imperf  aio, -aemb,  yxyAuiJHXb 
[ukhutshit^]  perf  -y,  -Hiiib, 
p  -HJI,  imp  -H  make  worse, 
worsen,  deteriorate. 


vue 


—  510  — 


yuejijCTb  [utsi^Pet^j  perf 
-eio,  -eeiiib  remain  intact; 
come  off  unhurt;  survive; 
escape  {damage,  destruction). 

yMacTBloeaTb  [uch^'ast- 
yvat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeiub,  p 
-oeaji,  imp  -yft  1.  take  part, 
participate;  2.  share,  have  a 
share  {in). 

yHacTHJe  [uch^as^t^iya]  n 
-H  1.  part,  participation 
complicity  {in  a  crime,  etc) 

2.  share  {in  a  business,  etc) 

3.  sympathy,  interest,  con- 
cern; 

<>  npHHHwaTb  ~e  b  kom-ji. 
take  interest  in  smb. 

yHdcTHHK  [uch^as^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  participant;  ac- 
complice {in  a  crime);  con- 
testant, competitor;  partner 
{in  a  game). 

yHacTJoK  [uch^astak,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  I.  lot,  plot  {of 
land);  part,  section  {of  a 
road,  etc);  sector  {of  the 
front);  2.  ward,  district; 
3.  branch,  field  {of  work,  ac- 
tivity, etc). 

y4acT|b  [uch^'as^t'',  -z^'d^] 
/  -H  lot,  fate,  destiny. 

yamiMHCJi  [uch^ash^:iys''8] 
m  [pa]  -erocji,  -hxch  student, 
learner,  pupil. 

yneSja  [uch^oba]  / -bi  stud- 
ies, studying;  nocjiaxb  Ha 
~y  send  for  a  course  of 
study  [training]. 

yMe6HHK  [uch^'ebn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  textbook,  manual. 

yMe6HlbiH  [uch^'ebniy]  a 
educational  {establishment, 
film,  etc);  training  {appli- 
ances,   ship,    etc);  —bift   vojy 


academic  year;  school  year; 
~biH    HJiaH  curriculum. 

yneji  [uch^'ol],  ynjia  [uch^la] 
p  of  yqecTb;    see   ymiTbiBaxb. 

yHeHH|e  [uch^en^iya]  n  -h, 
-H  1.  learning,  studying, 
training,  studies;  apprentice- 
ship; 2.  teaching(s),  doc- 
trine;-^e  JleHHHa  the  teach- 
ing of  Lenin;  3.:  BoeHHbie 
—  H  manoeuvres. 

yMCHHK  [uch^'i^n^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  1.  student,  learner, 
pupil;  schoolboy;  apprentice; 
2.  disciple,  adherent. 

yHeH|biH  [uch^onty]  I  a  sh 
/  — ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  learned 
{person);  scientific  {society, 
secretary,  etc);  academic  (/) 
degree,  etc;  2)  discussion^ 
etc);  2.  trained  {animals,  etc); 
II  as  a  noun  yMeH|biH  m 
-oro,  -bix    scientist,    scholar. 

ynecTb  see  yqwibmaTb. 

yHCT  [uch^ot,  -d]  m  -a  1, 
calculation  {of  expenses,  etc); 
stock-taking;  accounting,  bal- 
ancing of  accounts;  2.  tak- 
ing into  account  {circum- 
stances, facts,  etc);  3.  registra- 
tion, registry;  Cpaib  Ha  '-' 
register. 

yHHJiHmIe  [uch''il''ish'':3]  n 
-a,  —  (special)  school;  col- 
lege; neAaroPHqecKoe  ~-e 
teachers'  college. 

yHHTCjiib  [uch^'it^il'']  m  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft  teacher,  master. 

yMHTbielaTb  [uch^'itivat'*] 
imperf  -aio,  -aeuib,  yMecxb 
[uch^'es^t'']  perf  ymy,  ymemb, 
p  yneji,  yqjia,  imp  ymri  take 
into  account  {circumstances^ 
etc). 


—  511  — 


4)aK 


yHH|Tb  [uch^it^]  imperf 
yqy,  yqHuib,  p  -ji,  imp  ~-  1. 
teach,  instruct;  2.  study, 
learn; —Tb  naHsycTb  learn  by 
heart. 

yHHlxbCJi  [uch^'ittsa]  imperj 
yqycb,  yMHiubCH,  p  -jich, 
-jiacb,  imp  -cb,  -xecb  learn, 
study  (1)  to  read,  etc;  2)  at 
the  university,  etc). 

ynpejKAeHHie  [uch^r^i^zh- 
d^'en'^iya]  n  -h,  -h  1.  found- 
ing, setting  up,  establish- 
ment; 2.  establishment,  in- 
stitution {social,  education- 
al, etc);  office  {the  quarters  or 
staff). 

yqxH  [uch^t^i]  imp  of 
ynecTb;  see  yMHTbiBaxb. 

ynxy  [uch^tu],  ynxemb 
[uchMMsh,  -zh]  1st  &  2nd 
persons  of  yqecxb;  see  yMHXbi- 
Baxb. 

yny  [uch^u]  see  yqnxb. 

yMycb  [uch^us^,  -z^l  see 
yqHXbCH. 

yuieji  [ushol],  yiujia  [ushla] 
p  of  yfixH;  see  yxo^HTb. 

yuiH  [ushi],  yuiefi  [ushey] 
see  yxo. 


yiuH6  [uship,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
injury,  bruise. 

ymH6|axbcsi  [ushibattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiubCH,  yiuH- 
SiHXbCJi  [ushib^Ittja]  perf 
-ycb,  -eiubCH,  p  yiiiH6cH, 
yiiiHSjiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb 
hurt    oneself,  bruise  oneself. 

ymejijbe  [ush^iel^ya]  n  -bH, 
-HH,  -bHM  gorge,  ravine; 
canyon. 

ymep6  [ush'^'ierp,  -b]  m  -a 
1.  damage,  loss;  detriment, 
injury,  harm;  b  ~  3;;op6BbK) 
to  the  detriment  of  one's 
health;  6e3 --a  ^.hh...  without 
prejudice  to...;  2.:  Jiyna  Ha 
—  e  the  moon  is  on  the  wane. 

yibx  [uyut,  -d]  m  -a  com- 
fort, cosiness    {in   the  home). 

y5i3BHM|biH  [uyi^z'^v^imiy] 
a  sh  f  --,  -a,  -o,  -u  vulner- 
able   {to  attack,    criticism). 

ysicHHXb  see  yHCHHXb. 

yjicH|Hxb  [uyi^s^n^at^]  im- 
perf     -HK),      -HeiUb,      yflCHlHXh 

[uyi^s^n^it^]  perf  -ib,  -Hiub, 
p  -HJi,  imp  -H  make  out,  size 
up  {circumstances,  the  situa- 
tion, etc). 


4> 


(|)a6pHK|a  [fabr^ika]  /  -h, 
—  factory,  mill  {mostly  in 
li[^ht  industry). 

4)a6pHMH|biH  [fAbr^ich^niy] 
a  1.  factory  {attr);  industrial, 
manufacturing;  ~-oe  npoHs- 
b6;;cxbo  manufacturing;  —an 
MapKa  trade  mark;  2.  factory- 
-made. 


(t)aKx  [fakt,  -gd]  m  -a,  -ob 
fact;  jiocxoBepHbiH  ~  certain- 
ty; npHBOOTTb  —bi  cite  facts. 

4)aKXHMecK|HH  [fAkt^ich^i- 
sk^iy]  0!  -an,  -oe,  -He  actual 
{state  of  affairs,  etc);  factual; 
virtual. 

(i)aKyjibxex  [fakul^t^et,  -d] 
m     -a,     -OB      faculty,      de- 


^aji 


—  512 


partment     {in    a    university, 
etc). 

(^ajibCH(])HKai;H|$i  [fal^s^i- 
Pikatsiya]  /  -h,  -h  falsifica- 
tion, forgery;  counterfeit. 

0ajibiuHB|biH  [fAPshfviy]  a 
sh  f  ^,  -a,  -0,  -bi  1.  false, 
forged,  counterfeit;  2.  false 
(note,  etc);  3.  false,  affected, 
insincere. 

^aMHJiH|fl  [fAm^'il^iya]  /  -h, 
-H    (sur)name,    family  name. 

(|)aMHjibflpH|biif  [fam^iPyar- 
nty]  a  sh  f  ^aMHjibnpeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  unceremonious,  famil- 
iar. 

(|)aHep|a  [fAn^era]  /  -bi 
veneer;  plywood. 

(})aHTa3Hlji  [fAntaz^iya]  / 
-H,  -H  1.  fantasy,  fancy; 
imagination;  2.  fancy,  dream; 
3.  col  fancy,  whim;  eMy  npH- 
iiiJia  B  rojioBy  —  h  he  took 
it  into  his  head;  4.  mus 
fantasia. 

(|)aHTacTHMecKlHH  [fantA- 
s^t^'ich^'isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  fantastic. 

(|)apla  [fara]  /  -bi,  ~  head- 
light. 

tJjapxyK  [fartuk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  apron  (a  garment  worn 
in  front  to  protect  the  clothes). 

(i[)ap(|)6p  [fArfor]  m  -a  1, 
china,  porcelain;  2.  china- 
-ware. 

(|)apui  [farsh,  -zh]  m  -a 
stuffing  {in  cooking);  mhchoh 
~  force-meat. 

(t)ac6jilb  [fAsol^]  /  -H  hari- 
cot, kidney  bean?. 

())ac6H  [fAson]  m  -a,  -ob 
fashion  style;  CHHib  ~  njia- 
TbH  copy  a  dress. 


(|)aiiiH3M  [fAshfzm]  m  -a 
fascism. 

(l)auiHCTCKlHH  [fAshtssk^'iy] 
a  -an,   -oe,   -He  fascist  {attr). 

4)eBpaji|b  [f'i^vral^]  m  -h 
February. 

(}}eAepajibHbiH  [f'ld^i^raP- 
niy]  a  federal. 

4)eAepaTHBHbiH  [f^id^irAt^iv- 
niy]  a  federative. 

(t)eHepBepK  [feyi^rverk,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  firework(s). 

(|)ejibeT6H  [f^il^'yi^ton]  m  -a, 
-OB  newspaper  satire. 

())eHOMeHajibH|biH  [f^ma- 
m^i^naPnty]  a  sh  f  4)eH0Me- 
najien,  -a,  -o,  -bi  phenome- 
nal, outstanding. 

(|]eoAajibH|biH  [f^iAdaPniy] 
a  feudal;  — bie  nepe^HXKH 
survivals  of  feudalism. 

(|)epM|a  [f^erma]  /  -bi,  - 
farm,  farmstead;  ~a  Kpyn- 
Horo  poraioro  cKoxa  cattle- 
-breeding  farm. 

(|)epMep  [f^erm^ir]  m  -a, 
-OB  farmer. 

())ecTHBaji|b  [f^is^f^ivaP]  m 
-H,  -eft  festival,  fete. 

4)eTpoBbiH  [f^etraviy'l  a 
felt  {attr). 

(|)exTOBaHH|e  [f^ikhtAva- 
n^iya]  n  -h  sport  fencing. 

4)Haji|Ka  [f'ialkaj  /  -kh, 
•OK  violet. 

4)Hryp|a  [f^igura]  /  -bi,  ^ 
1.  figure  {1)  of  a  man,  etc; 
2)  in  geometry;  3)  a  person; 
4)  in  dancing);  2.  chess-man, 
piece. 

(})H3HK  [f^iz^'ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  physicist. 

f|}H3HK|a  [f'^Iz'^ika]  /  -h 
physics. 


513  — 


ij)jie 


(|)H3HOji6rH,si  [f^iz^iAlo- 
g^iya]  /  -h  physiology. 

(jlHSHOHOMHiH  [f^iz^lAnO- 

m^iya]  /  -h,  -h  physiognomy, 
face. 

4}H3MHecKJHH  [f'iz^ich^i- 
sk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1. 
physical  {strength,  etc);  -~-hh 
Tpy;t  physical  /  manual  la 
hour;  2.  physics  (attr),  phys- 
ical; ~HH  Ka6HHeT  physical 
laboratory. 

(|)H3KyjibTypla[f^iskuPtLir9] 
/  -bi  (=4^H3HHecKaH  KyjibTypa) 
physical  culture,  physical 
training;  saHHMaxbCH  --oft  go 
in  for  athletics. 

^HSKyjibrypHMK  [f^iskuP- 
turn^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob  athlete, 
gymnast. 

(|)H3KyjibTypHbiH  [f^'iskuP- 
turniy]  a:  —  saji  gymhall; 
~  napaii  sports  parade. 

^HKTHBH|biH  [  f^ikt^ivnty  ] 
a  sh  f  4)HKTHBeH,  -a,  -o,  -w 
fictitious,  fake,  sham. 

(j)HjiHaji  [f^iPial]  m  -a,  -ob 
branch  {of  a  firm,  etc). 

(|)HJiHH  [f^iPin]  m  -a,  -ob 
eagle-owl. 

4}HjiHnnHH|ei;  [f^iPip^i- 
n^itj,  -dz]  m  -ua,  -ues  Fili- 
pino. 

4)HJiHnnMHCK|HH  [f^il^ip^in- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -HePhilip- 
prine,  Filipino. 

(})HJIOJIOrHHeCK|HH      [f^iblA- 

g^ich^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
philological. 

^HJioc6(])H  I  $1  [f^ilAsof^iya] 
/  -H  philosophy. 

(|)hjioc64)ck|hh  [f^ilAsof- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne  philo- 
sophical. 


^HjibM  [f^iPm]  m  -a,  -ob 
film,  motion  picture;  xyAO- 
^ecTBeHHbiH  —  feature  film; 
jlOKyMeHTajibHbiH  -^  docu- 
mentary; XpOHHKajIbHblH  ~ 
news-reel;  nojiHOMeipaHCHbift 
—  full-length  film;  KopoTKO- 
Meipa^HbiH  -^  a  short. 

4)HjibTploBaTb  [f^'il^trAvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yft  filter,  filtrate. 

^HHaji  [f^inal]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  finale;  2.  sport  final;  bhh- 
TH  B  ~  qualify  for  the  final. 

(|)HHaHcoBbiH  [f^inansaviy] 
a  financial;  ~  ^o;^  fiscal 
year. 

(})HHaHc|bi  [f^inansi]  pi  -ob 
finance(s). 

(l)MHHui  [f^in^ish,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-eft  sport  finish. 

4)HHH   [f^in]m-a,  -ob  Finn. 

(i)HHCK|HH  [f^insk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He  Finnish. 

4)H0JieT0BbiH  [f^iAl^etaviy] 
a  violet. 

(i)HpMla  [f^irms]  f  -bi,  -' 
(bus'ness)  firm. 

(|)jiar  [flak,    -g]    m   -a,  -ob 
flag  {of  a  country,  etc); 
<>  noA  ~0M  1)  in    the  name 
{of);  2)  under  the  guise  {of). 

(J)jiarMaH  [flagman]  m  -a, 
-ob  naut  1.  flag-officer;  2. 
flagship. 

^jiaKOH  [flAkon]  m  -a,  -ob 
bottle  {of  perfume,  etc). 

4)JiaHr  [flank,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
mil  flank,  wing;  o6ohth  c 
~a  outflank. 

(})jiaHeji|b  [flAn'^eP]  /  -h 
flannel  {a  material), 

(|)jieHT|a  [fPeyta]  /  -bi,  ^ 
flute  (a  musical  instrument). 


4)J1H 


514 


(|)jiHrejilb  [fl^ig^il^]  m  -h, 
pi  -H,  -eft  wing  {of  a  house); 
outbuilding. 

(|)jioT  [flot,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
fleet;  navy;  pe^Hoft  —  in- 
land water  transport. 

(|)jiioc  [fPus,  -z]  m  -a,  -ob 
med  gumboil,  swollen  cheek. 

(|)jiflr|a  [fl^aga]  /  -h,  ~ 
flask  (/or  carrying  liquids); 
mil  also  water-bottle. 

(jjofie  [foye]  n  indecl  foyer, 
lobby. 

(fjoKyc  I  [fokus,  -z]  m  -a, 
-oB   focus. 

(J)6Kyc  II  [fokus,  -z]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  (conjuring) 
trick;  2.  {mostly  pi)  col 
whims,   tricks. 

c|)0JibKJi6p  [fAl^'klor]  m  -a 
folk-lore. 

(j)OH  [fon]  m  -a,  -ob  back- 
ground (o/  a  picture,  etc); 
Ha  ~e  against  the  back- 
ground {of). 

(t)OHap|b  [fAnar^]  m  -h,  -eft 
lantern;  lamp,  light;  KapMan- 
Hbift  -~b  electric  torch. 

(JJOHA  [font,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  1.  fund,  stock;  ~ 
3apa6oTHOH  njiaTbi  wage 
fund;  seMejibHbiH  ^  cipaHbi 
the  lands  of  a  country;  2.  pi 
funds,  stocks. 

(})OHTaH  [fAntan]  m  -a,  -ob 
fountain  {of  water,  etc). 

(l]opeji|b  [fAr^'el^]  /  -h,  -eft 
troutl 

(})6pM!a  [forma]  /  -bi,  -~  1. 
shape,  form;  KsaApaTHofl  ~bi 
square  in  form;  oxpbiBaTb  ~y 
OT  coAepJKaHHH  divorce  form 
from  content;  2.  form  {1)  in 
art;    2)    of   government,   etc: 


3)  ling);  3.  uniform;  4.  tech- 
nol  mould,  form; 
<>  6biTb  B   ~e   col    feel    fit, 
be  in  good  shape. 

(|)0pMajibH0CT|b  [fArmal^- 
nas^t'',  -z^d^]  /  -h  formality. 

^opMajibHJbiH  [fArmaPniy] 
a  sh  f  (|)opMajieH,  -a,  -o,  -u 
formal  {approach,  etc). 

4)opMaT  [fArmat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  size  {of  paper  or  of  a 
book). 

4)6pMeHH|biM  [form^mly] 
a  1.  uniform  {attr);  2.  col 
regular,  downright. 

^opMHp|oBaTb  [farm^irA- 
vat^]  imp  erf  -yio,  -yeiub,  p 
-OBaji,  imp  -yfl,  ci^opMHpo- 
eaxb  [sfarm^irAvat^]  perf 
form,  {a  government,  etc); 
—OB^Tb  x.apaKTep  mould  the 
character. 

(fjopMyjija  [formula]  /  -m, 
-—  formula  {in  algebra,  chem- 
istry, etc);  maxim,  rule. 

([)0pMyjiHp|0RaTb  [farmuPi- 
ravat'']  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yemb,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yft  for- 
mulate. 

(J)OpcHp)oBaTb  [fArs*'iravat^] 
perf  &  imperf  -yio,  -yeiUb,  p 
-oBaJi,  imp  -yft  1.  speed, 
step  up,  intensify;  2.  mil 
force  {a  river,  etc). 

(|)6pT0H|Ka  [fortach^'ka]  f 
-KH,  -eK  fortochka  {a  small 
hinged  window-pane). 

t|)6c(f)op  [fosfar]  m  -a  chem 
phosphorus. 

(jDOTo  [fota]  n  indecl  col= 
(|)OTorpa4)H5i  2. 

(j)OTO...  first  element  of 
compounds  pertaining  to  'pho- 
tography' or  'light*:  4)OTo6y'i 


—  515  — 


<py* 


Mara  [fotabumaga]  photo- 
graphic paper;  4)OToaTejibe 
[fotAAtel^ye]  photographer's 
studio;  (|)0T0JiK)5HTeJib  [fota- 
l^ub^itJ'iP]  amateur  photog- 
rapher; 4)OT03JieMeHT  [fota- 
el^i'^m^ent,  -d]  photoelectric 
cell;  photopile. 

4)OT6rpa(t  [fAtograf,  -v]  m 
-a,   -OB  photographer. 

(|)OTorpa(|)Hp|oBaTb  [fatsgrA- 
f^iravat^]  imperf  -yK),  -yeiub, 
p  -oBaji,  imp  -yfl,  c;4)oto- 
rpa^HpoBaxb  [sfatagrAf^ira- 
V9t^]  perf  photograph,  take 
pictures;  take  a  photograph 
of. 

(})OTorpa([)HploBaTbc«  [fata- 
grAf'iravattsa]  imperf  -yiocb, 
-yembCH,  p  -OBajiCH,  -osajiacb, 
imp  -yficH,  -yftiecb,  c:4>o- 
Torpa(|)HpoBaTbC5i  [sfatagrA- 
Pir8V9ttj9]  perf  col  be  pho- 
tographed, have  one's  picture 
taken. 

(])OTorpa4)H  I  fl  [fatAgraf^iya] 
/  -H,  -H  1.  photography;  2. 
photograph,  picture;  3.  pho- 
tographer's studio. 

(|)pa3|a  [fraz9]  /  -bi,  — 
utterance,  sentence. 

(j)paK  [frak,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
dress  coat,  tail-coat. 

t})paKUH|j!  [fraktjiya]  /  -h, 
-H  pol  faction. 

(t)paHT  [frant,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
dandy. 

(J)paHuy3  [frAntsus,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  Frenchman. 

(|)paHUy3CK|HH  [frAntsu- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  ^He 
French. 

(J)paxT  [frakht,  gd]  m  -a, 
•OB  naut  freight. 


^poHT  [front,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
mil  front  {also   fig). 

^pyKT  [frukt,  -gd]  m  -^, 
-OB  fruit. 

4)pyKT6BbiH  [iruktoviy]  a 
fruit  {attr)\  --  caA   orchard. 

(|)yHAaMeHT  [fundam^mt,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  foundation,  ground- 
work {also  fig);  sayio^KHTb  — 
lay  the  foundation. 

(])yHAaMeHTajibH|biH  [fun- 
dam^i^ntal^nty]  a  sh  f  ^yn- 
AaMeHTajieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  funda- 
mental, solid,  substantial; 
~bie  sHaHHH  thorough  /  pro- 
found knowledge;  -^an  6h- 
6j]H0TeKa  main   library. 

^yHKU,HOHHp|oBaTb  [funk- 
tstAn^ir9V9t^]  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yft 
function,  operate. 

(|)yHKi;H|si  [funktjiya]  /  -h, 
pi  -H,  -ft-  function  {1)  of  the 
pancreas,  etc;  2)  math);  2. 
{mostly  pi)  functions,  duties. 

4)yHT  [funt,    -d]    m  -a,  -ob 
pound  {a  unit  of  weight); 
<>      ~      CTepjiHHroB     pound 
sterling, 

(jpypim  [fur ash,  -zh]  m  -a 
forage,  fodder. 

(j)ypa3K|Ka  [furashka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  (peak-)cap;     service    cap. 

4)ypr6H  [furgon]  m  -a,  -ob 
waggon  {with  a  roof). 

(i)yT66ji  [fudbol]  m  -a  foot- 
ball, soccer. 

(|)yT6ojiHCT  [fudbAl^ist,  -zd] 
m  -a,  -OB  football-player. 

4)yTJi«p  [futPar]  m  -a,  -ob 
case  {for  glasses,  jewels, 
etc). 

4)y(|}aHK|a  [fufayk9]  /  -h, 
4)y4)aeK  jersey,  sweater. 


xaji 


—  516  — 


X 


xajiax  [khAlat,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  oriental  robe;  2.  dressing- 
-gown;  smock  {of  a  doctor); 
pa66qHH  ~  overall. 

xajiaTH|biH  [khAlatniy]  a 
sh  f  xaJiaTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
careless,  negligent;  — oe  ox- 
HOLueHHe  K  AeJiy  neglect  of 
one's  work. 

xajiTyp|HTb  [khAltur^it^] 
imperf  -lo,  -HUJb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b  col  1.  be  a  pot-boiler,  do 
hack-work;  do  smth  as  a  side- 
-line;  2.  work  in  a  slipshod 
manner. 

xaHKJa  [khAnzha]  m  &  / 
-H,  -efi  bigot,  canting  hypo- 
crite. 

xaoc  [khAos,  -z]  m  -a  cha- 
os, mess. 

xapaKxep  [khArakt^ir]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  disposition,  temper, 
character;  qejioBCK  c  ~om  a 
character;  2.  nature  {of  the 
soil,  illness,  etc). 

xapaKTepMsjtoeaTb  [kharak- 
t^ir^izAvat'']  perf  &  imperf 
-yK),  -yeujb,  p  -OBaji,  imp 
-yft  1.  define,  describe;  2. 
characterize,  ,be  characteris- 
tic of. 

xapaKTepHCTHKJa     [kharak- 

acter    {written  by  an  employ- 
er, etc). 

xapaKTepH|biH  [kharAkt^'er- 
niy]  a  sh  f  xapaKrepeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  1.  typical  {example, 
etc);  2.  characteristic,  dis- 
tinctive; 3.  theat  character 
(attr)  {dance,  etc). 


XBaji|HTb  [khvAl^it^]  im- 
perf    -K>,      XBa.THIIJb,      p      -MJl, 

imp  -H,  noixBajiHTb   [pakhvA- 
l^it^]  perf  praise,   commend. 

XBajiJHTbca  [khvApitt^a] 
imperf  -tbch,  XBajiHiubCH,  p 
-HJicH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -HCb,  -h- 
lecb,  noiXBajiMTbCJi  [pakhvA- 
l^ittja]  perf  co/=xBacTaTbCH. 

XBacxIaxbCJi  [khvastattja] 
imperf  -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  noi- 
xBacxaxbCfl  tP^I<hvastattja] 
perf  brag,  boaSt. 

xBaxjaxb  I  [khvAtat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeujb,  cxBax|HXb 
[skhvAt^it^]  perf  cxBaqy, 
cxBaiHiub,  p  -HJI,  imp  -h 
snatch,  seize,  grasp,  grip; 
<>  — axb  Ha  jiexy  be  very 
quick  to  grasp;  ^-axb  sa  aY- 
uiy  tug  at  one's  heart-strings. 

xeaxjaxb  II  [khvAtat^]  im- 
perf -aex,  xeaxHXb  [khvAt^it''] 
perf  xBaiHx  impers  suffice, 
be  sufficient  /  enough;  last 
(out)  {a  certain  period  of 
time);  jxener  eiviy  •  ~hjio  na 
MecHu  the  money  lasted  him 
a  month;  mhc  He  ~aex  Bpe- 
MCHH  I  am  short  of  time; 
y  Hero  ~hjio  cmcjiocxh...  he 
had  the  courage...; 
<>  axoro  eme  He  -"ajio!  col 
that's  a  bit  too  thickl;  xea- 
xHx!  col  1)  that  will  do!; 
2)  I  have  had  enough!;  3) 
stop  it!,  enough  of  that! 

XBax|axbCfl  [khvAtattja]  im- 
perf -aKDCb,  -aeuibCH,  cxea- 
xJHXbCJi  [skhvAf'ittsa]  perf 
cxBaqycb,      cxeaxHuibca,     p 


517  — 


XJIO 


-HJICH,       -HJiaCb,        tmp        -HCb, 

-Hxecb    1.    snatch    {at),  catch 
(at);  2.  fig  take    up  eagerly 
{work,  reading,  etc); 
<>     -^axbcji    sa    cojioMHHKy 
catch  at  a  straw. 

xBaxHTb    see    xeaTaib    II. 

xBOHHbiH  [khvoyniy]  a  co- 
niferous. 

xBop|aTb  [khvArat^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib  col  be  ill. 

XBOCT  [khvost,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  tail  {1)  of  an  animal; 
2)  of  a  comet,  meteor);  2.  end, 
tail,  tail-end;  rear;  3.  col 
queue,  line; 

<>  noA^Karb  ~  have  one's 
tail  between  one's  legs;  Bep- 
TCTb  ~6m  cringe. 

xH>KHH|a  [kh^izhtna]  /  -bi, 
--  cabin,  hut,  shack. 

xHJi|biH  [  kh^iliy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -0,    -bi   sickly,    puny. 

XHMHK  [kh^im^'ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  chemist,  student  of  chem- 
istry. 

xHMHHecKlHH  [kh^im^ich^i- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  chem- 
ical; ~afl  MHCTKa  dry-clean- 
ing. 

xhmh|si  [kh^im^iya]  /  -h 
chemistry. 

xHHla  [kh^ina]  /  -bi  qui- 
nine. 

xHpypr  [kh^'irurk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  surgeon. 

xHpyprHJsi  [kh^irurg^iya]  / 
-H  surgery  {treatment  by  op- 
eration). 

xHTpocxlb  [kh^itras^'t^, 

-z^d'']  /  -H,  -efl  1.  cunning, 
slyness,  guile;  2.  ruse,  strata- 
gem, trick;  nycxHXbCH  Ha  ~h 
resort  to  cunning. 


xHxplbiH  [kh^itriy]  a  sh  f 
XHxep,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  sly.  cun- 
nmg,  crafty;  2.  col  intricate, 
involved. 

xH[u,HHK  [kh^ish^-.n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  beast  of  prey; 
bird  of  prey;  2.  fig  plun- 
derer . 

xhiuhhmcckIhh  [kh^ish^:n^i- 
ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -ne 
rapacious,  predatory. 

xHmHJbiH  [kh^ish^-.niy]  a 
sh  f  XHui.eH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
predatory,  raptorial;  -~biH 
3Bepb  beast  of  prey;  2.  fig 
rapacious,  grasping. 

xjiaAH0Kp6BH|biH  [khbduA- 
krovniy]  a  sh.f  xjiaAHOKpo- 
een,  -a,  -o,  -bi  cool,  compos- 
ed, cool-headed;  cold-blooded. 

xjiaM  [khlam]  m  -a  rubbish; 
lumber. 

xjie6  [khPep,  -b]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi  (-a),  -OB  (-6b)  1.  bread; 
3apa6axbiBaxb  ce6e  na  —  earn 
one's  living;  2.  {pi  -u,  -oe) 
loaf  (of  bread);  3.  {pi  -a,  -6b) 
grain,  grain  crops;  ~  Ha  Kop- 
HK)  standing  corn;  HpoBbie 
~a  spring  crops;  osHMbie 
~a  winter  crops. 

xjicB  [khl^ef,  -v]  m  -a,  pi 
-a,  -6b  cattle-shed;  pigsty 
{also  fig). 

xjionjaxb  [khl6p9t^]  imperf 
-aio,  -aeiub,  xji6nH|yxb  [khl6p- 
nut^]  perf  -y,  -emb,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  1.  bang,  slam;  --axb 
flBepbK)  slam  the  door;  2. 
clap  {at  a  concert,  etc);  ~axb 
B  Jia^omH  clap  one's  hands; 
3.  flap  {the  wings,  etc);  ~axb 
Kor6-Ji.  no  cnHHe  slap  smb 
on  the  back; 


XJIO 


—  518 


<>  —  atb    yuiaiMH  col  ^  look 
blank,     understand     nothing. 

xji6n|oK  [khlopak,  -g]  m 
-Ka   cotton;  cotton-plant. 

xjionoT|aTb  [khbpAtat^] 
imperf  xjionoMy,  xJionoqeuib, 
p  -a;i,  imp  xjiohohh,  nojxjio- 
noxaTb  [pakhbpAtat^]  perf 
1.  {no  perf)  bustle  about, 
toil  and  moil,  be  up  and 
about;  2.  solicit  {favours,  an 
office,  etc,  for  oneself  or 
smb);   3.  plead  {for). 

xji6noT|bi  [khl6p9tf  1  p/ xjio.- 
noT,  -aM  1.  bustle,  fuss;  2. 
trouble  {inconvenience,  extra 
work);  HaAejiaib  KOMy-ji.  xjio- 
noT  give  smb  a  lot  of  trou- 
ble; HecTOHT  xjionoT  it  is  not 
worth  the  trouble;  Bce  --bi 
nponaJiH  AapoM  the  efforts 
were  wasted; 

<>  y  Hero  xjionor  nojiOH   per 
col    ^   his    hands-    are     full. 

xjionbjfl  [khlop^'ya]  pi  -ee 
flakes  {of  snow,  etc). 

xjibiH|yTb  [khlinut'']  perf 
-ex,  p  -yji  1.  gush  out,  spout, 
spurt;  — y;i  AO>K;ib  the  rain 
came  down  in  torrents;  2.: 
TOJina  — yjia  k  Bbixo^y  the 
crowd    rushed    to    the    exit. 

xjibicT  [khltst,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  whip,  lash. 

xMejijb  [khm'^el^l  m  -h  1. 
bot  hop,  hops;  2.  drunken- 
ness, intoxication;  bo  ~k)  in 
a  state  of  drunkenness. 

xMyp|HTb  [khmur^'it'']  im- 
perf -K),  -HUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -b, 
HaixMypHTb  [nAkhmur^'it^i 
perf:  — HXb  6p6BH  knit  one's 
brows. 

XMyp|HTbCfi     [khmur'*itt§3] 


imperf  -locb,  -HiiibCH,  p -hjich, 
-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb, 
HaixMypHXbcji  [nAkhmur^'i- 
ttS8]  perf  1.  frown,  scowl;  2. 
ffg  be  overcast,  grow  cloudy, 

XMypjbiH  [khmuriy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  gloomy,  sul- 
len, surly;  2.  fig  gloomy, 
overcast,  cloudy. 

x66ox  [khobat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  trunk  {of  an  elephant); 
proboscis  {of  insects). 

xoA  Ikhot,  -d]  m  -a  (-y),  pi 
-b'l  (-bi),  -OB  (-0B)  1.  motion, 
movement,  run;  speed;  aa^- 
HHH  --  backward  motion,  re- 
verse; Ha  —  y  in  motion;  in 
working  order  [also  see  <>]; 
no  ~y  qacoBOH  cxpejiKH  clock- 
wise; 2.  fig  course,  develop- 
ment, progress;  --  Mbicjieft 
train  of  thought;  3.  entrance, 
entry;  passage,  passage-way; 
4.  move  {in  chess,  etc)-, 
<C>  nycxHXb  B  '-'  set  in  mo- 
t'on;  6bixb  e  ^y  be  in 
vogue,  be  in  great  demand; 
nojiHbiM  ~0M  in  full  swing, 
well  under  way;  eMyHCAaioT 
~a  col  they  won't  give  him 
a  chance;  Ha  ~y  in  passing, 
hastily;  without  sitting  down. 

xoAM|xb  [khAd^'it^]  imperf 
xoH^y,  xoAHUib,  p  -Ji,  imp  -^ 
[cf  HATH  1,  2]  1.  go,  walk, 
move  {along);  -^-xb  no  nnxaivi 
3a  KeM-Ji.  follow /tread  on 
smb's  heels;  -—xb  na  jibi>Kax 
ski;  2.  go,  run  {of  a  bus,  etc); 
noea^a  cero^Hg  ne  xoaht 
there  is  no  train  service  to- 
day; 3.  visit,  attend  {school, 
lectures,  etc);  4.  work,  go 
{of   a   watch,    etc);    5.;    — xb 


—  519 


xop 


B  najibTo  [b  iiijinne  u  m.  n.] 
wear  a  coat  [hat,  etc];  6. 
move,  make  a  move  {in 
chess,  etc);  7.  take  care  (of), 
nurse  (a  patient,  etc); 
«0>  '-Tb  BOKpyr  Aa  okojio  col 
=  beat  about  the  bush. 

xoAi>6|a  [khAd^ba]  /  -bi 
walking,  pacing;  xyAa  uHib 
MHHyr  —bi  it"s  a  five  min- 
utes' walk. 

xoKy  [khAzhu]  see  xoAHXb. 

xosflHH  [khAz^ain]  m  -a, 
pi  xosHesa,  xoaneB  I.  master, 
owner;  boss;  2. :  oh  xopoiuHH 
—  hie  is  industrious  and 
thrifty;  3.  host  (entertaining 
guests  in  his  own  home); 
<0>  OH  caM  ce6e  ~  he  is  his 
own  master, 

xosflHHHHJaTb  (khAz^ayn'i- 
ch8t^]  imperf  -aio,  -aeuib  1. 
keep  house,  manage  a  house- 
hold; 2.  plav  the  master, 
lord   it. 

xo3flHCTB[o  [khAz^aystva]  n 
-a,  ~  I.  economy  {world,  ru- 
ral, etc);  cejibCKoe  '— o  agri- 
culture; HapoAHoe  --o  nation- 
al economy;  ropo^cKoe  -—o 
municipal  economy;  2.  agric 
farm;  e^HHojiHWHoe  —  o  indi- 
vidual farm;  3.:  6biTb  aaHH- 
TbiM  no  ~y  be  busy  about 
the  house. 

xoKKe|H  [khAk^ey]  m  -h 
hockey;  -^-h  c  maH6oH  ice 
hockey,  Canadian  hockey;  —ft 
c  M^qoM  ice  hockey  with  the 
ball,  Russian  hockey. 

xojiepja  [khA^era]  f  -umed 
cholera. 

xojiM  [kholm]  m  -a,  -6b 
hill,  hillock. 


xojioA  [khobt,  -d]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  -a,  -OB  cold  (low  tempera- 
ture); AecHTb  rpaAycoB  ~a 
ten  degrees  below  zero, 
—  10°C;  nocHHexb  ox  ^a  be 
blue  with  cold. 

xojioAHJibHHK  [khalAd^iP- 
n^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -gb  1.  refrig- 
erator, ice-box;  2.  cold  stor- 
age. 

xojioflHo  [khobdna]  I  adv 
coldly  {also  fig);  ~  oxnecxikb 
K  KOMy-ji.  treat  smb  coldly; 
II  impers  predic  it  is  cold; 
ceroAHH  ~  it  is  cold  today; 
eMy  —  he  is  cold. 

xcjioahIwh     [khAlodniy]    a 
sh  f  xojiOAeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi) 
cold,  cool  (also  fig); 
<>  —06  opy«He  side-arms. 

xojiocx|6h  [khalAstoy]  a  sh 
f  xojiocx,  -a,  xojiocxo,  xojio- 
cxbi  1.  single,  unmarried;  2. 
technol  idle,  dummy;  —oh 
xoA  idle  running,  idling;  3. 
mil  blank  (cartridge,  shot, 
etc). 

xojiocTflK  [khalAs^t^ak,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  bachelor,  unmar- 
ried man. 

xojicT  [kholst,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  canvas  (1)  a  coarse  cloth; 
2)  an  oil-painting). 

xop  [khor]  m  -a,  pi  -u  (-u), 
-OB  (-0B)  1.  chorus,  choir;  2. 
chorus  (group  utterance). 

xopear  [khArvat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  Croatian,  Croat. 

xopBaTCK|HH  [khArvatsk^'iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Croatian. 

xopoM  [khoram]  adv  in 
chorus. 

xopoH|HTb  [kharAn'it^]  im- 
perf   -K),     XOpOHHUIb,    p    -HJI, 


xop 


-  520 


imp  -H,  noixopoHHTb  [pakha- 
FAn^it'']  perf  bury,  inter. 

xopomeHbKlHH  [khAroshan''- 
k^iy]  a  -aa,  -oe,  -He  pretty, 
nice; 

^  ^asi  HCTopHfl!  col  ^  a 
pretty  kettle  of  fish!;  —oro 
noHeMHOJKKy  col  ^  enougti 
is  as  good  as  a  feast. 

xop6iu|HH  [ktiAroshty]  I  a 
-aH,  -ee,  -He,  sh  f  — ,  -a,  -6, 
-H  1.  good  {music,  worker, 
supper,  etc);  2.  {only  sh  f) 
beautiful,  good-looking; 

II  as  a  noun  xopomjee  n 
-ero:  mto  ~ero?  what's  the 
good  news?;  nnqero  —ero  h3 
SToro  He  noJiy^HTCH  no  good 
will  come  of  it. 

xopouio  [kharAsho]  I  adv 
well  {1)  in  good  manner  or 
style;  2)  thoroughly);  bbi  — 
CACJiaeie,  ecjin  npoHHTaexe  sxy 
KHHry  you  would  do  well  to 
read  this  book; 

II  impers  predic  it  is  nice,  it 
is  pleasant,  it  is  good;  mhc  — 
3Aecb  I  am  comfortable  here, 
I  feel  good  here;  — ,  qxo  oh 
npHuieji  it  is  nice  that  he  has 
come;  6biJio  6bi  —,  ecjiH  6bi... 
it  would  be  a  good  /  fine  thing 
if...;  ^  BaM  roBopHTb  it  is 
all  very  well  for  you  to  say; 

III  part  affirmative  very 
Weill,  all  rightl,  good! 

xOTJexb  [khAt^'et*']  imperf 
xoqy,  xoqeuib,  xonet,  -hm, 
-Hie,  -HT,  p  -eji,  saixoTeTb 
[zakhAt^et'']  perf  want,  wish; 
xoxeib  cnaxb  want  to  sleep; 
fl  ~e;i  6bi  yBHAexbee  I'd  like 
to  see  her; 
<>    KaK.    -Hxe    just    as    you 


like /choose;  xoqeiub  He  x6- 
neuib  col  willy-nilly. 

xoxexbcji  [khAt^ettja]  im- 
perf xowexcH  impers:  mhc  x6- 
qexcH  cnaxb  I  want  to  sleep; 
eft  xoqexcH  noftxri  xy^a  she 
would  like  to  go  there;  she 
wants  to  go  there. 

xoxb  [khot^,  -d^]  I  cj  1. 
denoting  concession  or  con- 
trast though,  although;  — 
nosAHo,  ona  Bce  >Ke  npn^ex 
though  it  is  late  she  will 
come;  2.:  MOKpuft,  ~  bbihcmh 
wringing  wet;  —  y6eft,  hh- 
Mero  He  noHHMaio  I  don't  un- 
derstand it  for  the  life  of  me; 
II  part  intens  1,  at  least; 
MHC  Hy>KHO  ~-  ABa  Maca  I  want 
at  least  two  hours;  2.  even, 
if  you  like;  ~  aasxpa  tomor- 
row if  you  like,  even  tomor- 
row; 

-0^  —  6bi  1)  I  wish;  if  only; 
2)  even  if;  eiviy  —  6bi  hto 
col  he  doesn't  care;  —  6bi  h 
xaK  even  if  it  were  so. 

xox«  [khAf^a]  cj  denoting 
concession  or  contrast  though, 
although;  —  meji  AOHCAb,  mu 
noexajiH  3a  ropOA  though  it 
was  raining  we  went  to  the 
country;  oh  nosBOHHJi  mhc, 
~  h  qyBCXBOBaji  ce6a  njioxo 
he  rang  me  up  though  he  felt 
unwell  /  in  spite  of  the  fact 
that  he  felt  unwell; 
<>  ~  6bi  1)  I  wish;  if  only; 
2)  even  if;  —  6bi  h  xaK  even 
if  it  were  so. 

xoxox  [khokhat,  -d]  m  -a 
(loud)  laughter. 

xoxox|axb  [khakhAtat''] /m- 
perfj    xoxoHy,    xoxo^euib,   p 


—  521  — 


xyA 


-kji,      imp     xoxoMH      laugh, 
scream  with    laughter;    — axb 
flo  ynajty  ^  split  one's  sides 
with  laughter. 
xoHexcsi     [khoch'ittsa]     see 

XOXeTbCH, 

xoHy  [khAch^u],  xoneuib 
[khoch^'ish,    -zh]    see   xoxeib. 

xpa6p|biH  [khrabriy]  a  sh  f 
--,  -a,  -o,  -bi  brave,  valiant, 
courageous. 

xpaM  [khram]  m  -a,  -ob 
temple,  shrine. 

xpaHCHHle  [khrAn^en^iya] 
n  -H  keeping,  custody;  stor- 
ing, storage;  njiaxa  3a  —e 
storage  fee;  Aaxb  KOMy-ji. 
qxo-Ji.  Ha  ~e  leave  smth  in 
smb's  safe-keeping. 

xpaH|HXb  [khrAn^it^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -HUJb,  p  -HJi,  imp  -h 

1.  keep  {old  letters,  money 
in  a  savings-bank,  etc;  smth 
in  one's  memory);  2.  safe- 
guard, guard; 

<0>       ~HXb      HXG-JI.      B     raHHC 

keep  smth  secret. 

xpanjexb  [khrAp^et^]  im- 
perf  -jiK),  -Hiub,  p  -eji,  imp 
-H  1.  snore;  2.  snort  {of  a 
horse). 

xpeSjex  [khr^i^b^et,  -d]  m 
-xa,  -xoB  1.  spine,  backbone; 

2.  mountain  range. 

xpeH  [khr^en]  m  -a  horse- 
-radish. 

xpHnjexb  [khr^ip^et^]  im- 
perf  -JIK),  -Hiub,  p  -eji,  imp 
-H  1.  wheeze;  2.  speak  hoarse- 
ly- 

xpoMJaxb  [khrAmat^]  im- 
per)  -aK),  -aeuib  1.  limp;  2. 
fig  col  be  poor,  leave  much 
to  be  desired,  not  be    up    to 


the  mark;  y  Hero  ~-aex  apH4)- 
MexHKa  his  arithmetic  is  poor. 

xpoM|6H  [khrAmoy]  I  a  sh 
f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  lame,  limp- 
ing; 

II  as  a  noun  xpoM|6H  m 
-oro,  -bix  lame  man;  lame 
boy;  xpoM|aH  /  -oft,  -bix 
lame  woman;   lame  girl. 

xpoHHKia  fkhron^ika]  /  -h, 
~  1.  chronicle  (a  historical 
record);  2.  news  of  the  day 
{in  newspapers,  etc);  news- 
-reel. 

xpoHH4ecK|HH  [khrAn^i- 
ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
chronic. 

xpynK|HJf  [khrupk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He,  sh  f  xpynoK, 
-a,  -o,  -H  1.  fragile,  frail; 
brittle;  2.  delicate  {health, 
etc). 

xpycxajijb  [khrustap]  m  -A 
1.  cut-glass,  crystal;  2.  cut- 
-glass  ware. 

xpycxjexb  [khrus^t^et^] /m- 
perf  -Hx,  p  -eji,  xpycxHJyxb 
[khrusnut^]  perf  -ex,  p  -yji 
crunch. 

xyAiexb  [khud^et^]  imperf 
-eK),  -eeuib,  no;xyfl.exb  [pa- 
khud^et^]  perf  '  grow  thin, 
lose  flesh,  lose  weight. 

xyAo  [khuda]  I  adv  ill, 
badly; 

II  impers  predic:  mhc  ~  I  feel 
ill;  eMy  npnuijiocb  -^  it  fared 
ill  with  him;  he  had  a  bad 
time. 

xyA6%ecxBeHH|biH  [khudo- 
zhas^t^v^mnty]  a  sh  f  xyAo- 
scecxeeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  artistic 
{taste,  etc);  ~oe  npoHSBeAe- 
HHe  work  of  art. 


xyfl 


522 


xyAOMHHK  [khudozhn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB   artist;  painter. 

xyAJoH  I  [khudoy]  a  sh  f 
— ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  lean,  tliin;  ema- 
ciated, gaunt. 

xyAJOM  II  [khudoy]  a  sh  f 
-',  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  bad,  wicked, 
evil;  2.  col  worn  out,  thread- 
bare; --b'le  60THHKH  boots 
with  holes  in  them. 

xyAOiii,aB|biH  [khudAsh^:a- 
viy]  a  sh  /—,  -a,  -o,  -bi  lean, 
spare. 

xyAiii|HH  fkhutshiy]  I  -an, 
-ee,  -He  super  I  of  xyAoft  II 
&  njioxoH; 


II  as  a  noun  xyAiulee  n 
-ero:  nepeMena  k  ~eMy 
change    for  the  worse;  caMoe 

—  ee  the  worst  (thing). 
xyjKe  [khuzht^]  I  comp    1. 

of  xyAOH  II  &  corresp  adv\ 
2.  of  njioxoH  &  corresp  adv, 
II  impers  predic:  euy    cxajio 

—  he  is  worse; 

<>  TeiM  —  so  much  the  worse; 

—  Bcero  worst  of  all. 
xyjiHraH  [khul^'igan]   m  -a, 

-oB  hooligan,  ruffian. 

xyrop  [khutar]  m  -a,  pi  -a, 
-OB  khutor  (a  separated  farm); 
farm(stead). 


u 


i^anljin  [tsapl^'a]  f-m\,-ejib 
heron. 

uapanlaTb  [tjArapat**]  im- 
perf  -aio,  -aeiub,  u,apan- 
HJyTb  [tjArapnut^j  perf  -y, 
-eiiib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h  1.  scratch, 
bruise;  2.  {no  perf)  col  scratch, 
scribble. 

i;apan|aTbcsi  [tjArapattja] 
imperf-QKxib,  -aeiiibCH  scratch, 
scrape;  scratch  oneself. 

uapanHH|a  [tjArap'^ina]  / 
-bi,   —'  scratch,  graze. 

i^apanHyTb  see  uapanaib  1. 

i;ap|HTb  [tjAr^it'']  imperf 
-K),  -HUJb,  p  -Hji,  imp  -H  reign 
{also  fig). 

uapcTBJo  [tsarstva]  n  -a,  -~ 
1.  reign  {of  a  monarch);  2. 
kingdom,  realm  {also  fig); 
jKHBOTHoe  ~o  animal  king- 
dom /  world. 


uapjb  [tjar^]  m  -h,  -eft 
tsar;  ~b  SBepeft  king  of 
beasts. 

ueelcTH  [isv^i^s^i^i]  imperf 
-xy,  -leiub,  p  UBCJi,  -Jia,  imp 
-TH  1.  flower,  bloom  {also 
fig);  2.  be  overgrown  {of  a 
pond,  etc). 

ueex  I  [tjv^'et,  -d]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  colour;  ~  jiHua 
complexion;  ocHOBUbie  -^-a 
phys  primary  colours. 

ueex  II  [tjv'^et,  -d]  m  -a 
(-y)  1.  flower,  prime;  b  ~y 
in  bloom.  In  blossom;  2.  fig 
flower,  pick; 

<>  BO  ^e  jiex   in    the    prime 
of  life. 

ueexHloH  [tsv^'i'^tnoy]  a  col- 
our {attr),  coloured; 
<>   ~bie  MexajiJibi  non-ferrous 
metals. 


523 


ueH 


^BeTl6K  [tsv^i^tok,  -g]  m 
rKa,  pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  flower, 
blossom;  2.  pi  flowers;  kom- 
HaiHbie  ~bi  indoor-plants. 

^BeTyI^|HH  [tsv^i*^tush^:iy] 
a  [pa]  -aH,  -ee,  -He  h  blos- 
soming, flowering;  2.  very 
healthy,  blooming;  y  Hero 
~HH  BHA  he  is  a  picture  of 
health. 

i;BeTu  [tjv^i^tl]  see  UBe- 
TOK   2. 

UCAJHTb  [tst^d^it^]  imperf 
uexcy,  ueAHiiib,  p  -hji,  /mp  -h 
1.  strain,  filter;  2.  co/:  ~HTb 

CJIOBa,     — 'HTb       CKB03b       3y6bl 

speak  through  /  with  set  teeth. 

UCHjioHlei;  [tji^ylon^'its,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Ceylonese. 

^eHJIdHCKlHH  [tsi'^ylon- 

sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He Ceylon- 
ese, Ceylon  (attr). 

i;edie6H|biH  [tsi^l^'ebniy]  a 
sh  f  uejie6eH.  -a,  -o,  -bi  sa- 
lubrious, healthy;  — biexpaBbi 
medicinal  herbs. 

^CJlecoo6pa3H  j biil  [tsal^isA- 
Abrazniy]  a  sh  f  uejiecoo6- 
pasen,  -a,  -o,  -u  expedient, 
advisable. 

u.ejiHKGM  [tsal^'ikom]  adv 
1.  (as  a)  whole;  oh  nporjio- 
THJi  Bce  —  he  swallowed  the 
whole  of  it;  2.  wholly,  com- 
pletely. 

uejiHHJa  [tjaPina]  /  -u  new  / 
virgin  soil;  no  — 'C  across 
country. 

uejiJHTbcsi  [tsePittS9]  im- 
perf -K)Cb,      -HUIbCH,    p     -HJICH, 

-HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb  aim 
{aty,  take  aim. 

ueji|0BaTb  [tjalAvat^]  im- 
perf   -yio,     -yeujb,    p    -osaji, 


imp  -yft,  noiuejiOBaxb  [patsa- 
lAvat^]  perf  kiss. 

Uejl|OBaTbCJI         [tj8lAVattS3] 

imperf  -ywcb,  -yeiiibCH,  p 
-OBajiCH,  -osajiacb,  imp  -yflcH, 
-yHiecb,  noiuejioBaTbCfl  [pa- 
tjalAvattsa]  perf  kiss. 

U,eji|biH  [tseliy]  \  a  sh  f 
—  ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  intac4,  safe; 
2.  whole,  entire;  ^uh  Aenb 
all  day  long;  — umh  qacaMH 
for  hours  on  end;  3.:  ^bift 
pHA  BonpocoB  quite  a  number 
of  questions; 

II  as  a  noun  uejijoe  n  -ore 
(the)  whole; 

<>  ^  H  HeBpeAHM  safe  and 
sound. 

uejijb  [tsel^]  /  -h,  -ch  1. 
target,  mark;  mil  objective; 
nonacTb  b  ~b  hit  the  bull's 
eye  /  mark;  ne  nonacxb  b  --'b 
miss  the  mark  {also  fig);  2. 
aim,  goal,  object,  purpose; 
KOHeqnaH  — -b  ultimate  goal; 
npecjieAOBaxb  >-b  pursue  the 
aim  (of);  oxBewaxb  —h  an- 
swer the  purpose. 

i^eMCHx  [tsi^m'ent,  -d]  m 
•a  cement. 

ueHJa  [tjl^na]  /  -u,  aco 
ueny,  pi  uenbi,  ^  1.  price; 
cost;  BSBHuqHBaxb  uenu  inflate 
prices;  2.  fig  >  price,  worth; 
<>  --OK)  XII3HH  at  the  cost 
of  one's  life;  axoMy  Hex  — 'W 
it  is  beyond  price. 

i;eH3yp|a  [tji^nzura]  /  -u 
censorship. 

ueHlHXb  [tji^n^it^]  imperf 
-K),  ueHHuib,  p  -HJI,  imp  -H 
estimate,  value;  appreciate; 
BbicoKo  ~-HXb  set  much  store 
by;    BucoKO    ~HXb     Koro-ji. 


UeH 


—  524 


highly  appreciate  smb;  cjihui- 
KOM  BbicoKo    -^-HTfa    Overrate. 

ueHH0CT|b  [tjennas^t^, 

-z^d^]  /  -H,  pi  -H,  -eft  1.  val- 
ue, worth;  2.  {mostly  pi) 
valuables. 

ueHHlbiH  [tjenniy]    a    sh  f 
ueneH,  -a,  -o,  -u  valuable; 
<>    -^aji    nocbijiKa    registered 
parcel    (with  a  statement    of 
value). 

ueHTHep  [tjen^tn^ir]  m  -a, 
-OB  metric   centner    {100  kg). 

ucHTp  [tjentr]    m    -a,    -ob 
centre;  AHpeKTHBbi  --a  direct- 
ives of  a  central  body; 
O  6biTb  B  ~e  BHHMaHHfl  be 
the   focus  of  attention. 

ueHTpajibHJbiH  [tsi^ntraP- 
niy]  a  central;  —bie  raaexbi 
national  newspapers;  ^•biH  na- 
naAaiomHH  sport  centre  for- 
ward. 

uenK|HH  [tjepk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  uenoK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  tenacious  {also  fig). 

uenji|flTbCJi  [tsi^pl^attja] 
imperf  -HKDCb,  -HeuibCH  clutch 
{at)\  cling  {also  fig), 

uen|b  [tjep^]  /  -h,  pi  -h, 
-eft  1.  chain  {also  fig);  noca- 
AHTb  Ha  ~b  chain;  2.  pi  fig 
bonds,  shackles;  3.  chain  of 
mountains;  4.  mil  line; 
5.  electr  electric  circuit. 

uepeMOHlMTbCfl  [tjar^'i'^mo- 
n^ittja]  imperf  -locb,  -Huib- 
CH,  p  -HjicH,  -HJiacb,  imp 
-bCH,  -bxecb  1.  stand  on  cere- 
mony; He  -'bcn!  make  your- 
self at  home!;  2.  treat  with 
lenience,  indulge. 

uepeMOHHifi  [tjar^i^mo- 
n^iya]  /   -h,    -ft    ceremony; 


6e3  Aa^bHeftiuHX  —ft  col  with- 
out any  further  formalities  / 
ado. 

uepK|oBb  [tserkaf'',  -v^]  / 
-BH,  pi  -BH, -Beft,  -BaM  church; 
npaBocjiaBHaH  —oBb  the  Greek 
Orthodox  Church. 

uex  [tjekh,  -gh]  m  -a,  pi 
-H  (-a),  -OB  (-6b)  shop  {at  a 
factory,  etc);  npoKaxHbift  — 
rolling  shop;  c66poqHbifl  -^ 
assembly  shop. 

UHBHjiHsauHlfl  [tjiv^iPiza- 
tj^ya]  /  -H,  -ft  civilization; 
culture. 

UHKji  [ts*kl]  m  -a,  -ob  1. 
cycle;  2.:  -—  jickuhh  [cthxob 
u  m.  n.]  a  series  of  lectures 
[poems,  etc]. 

UHKjioH  [tjiklon]  m  -a,  -ob 
cyclone'. 

UHHr[a  [tjtnga]/-H  scurvy. 

UHHHHHJbiH  [tjin^ich^niy] 
a  sh  f  uHHHHeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
cynic(al). 

UMHK  [tjink,  -g]  m  -a  zinc. 

UMpK  [tjirk,  -g]  m  -a,  -ob 
circus  (Me  show  or  building). 

UHCTepH|a  [tjis^t^erna]  / 
-bi,   —  cistern,  tank. 

UMTarja  [tjitata]  /  -bi,  — 
quotation,  citation. 

UHTiipioBaTb  [tjU^iravat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeuib,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yft,  npojuHTHpoBaTb 
[pratjif'iravat^]  perf  quote, 
cite. 

UM(|)ep6jiaT  [tjif^i^rblat,  -d] 
m  -a,  -OB  dial(-plate),  face 
{of  a  timepiece);  CBexHiAHftcH 
—  luminous  dial. 

UH(J)p|a  [tsifra]  /  -bi,  ^ 
figure,  cipher;  number,  nu- 
meral. 


525  ~ 


Mac 


.  i^biraH  [tsigan]  m  -a,  pl-e, 
'■^  Gipsy. 

«     UbiraHCKJHH     [tsigansk^iy] 
a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Gipsy. 
■     ubinjieHJoK  [tsipl^onak,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  pi  ubinjiaxa,     ubinjiHX 
chicken,  chick; 


<>  ubinjiflT  no  oceHH    cHHTa- 

K)T  prov  don't  count  your 
chickens  before  they  are 
hatched. 

UbinoHKlM  [tsipach^k'^i]  pi: 
Ha  —ax  on  tiptoe;  xoAHXb  na 
—ax  tiptoe. 


HaA  [ch^at,    -d]    m  -a   (-y) 
fumes,  smoke. 
nafl    [ch^ay]  m    naH    (qaio) 

1.  tea  {plant  and    beverage); 

2.  tea -party; 

<>  npMrjiacHTb  Ha  nauiKy  nin 
ask  to  tea;  aaBaxb  Ha  —  col 
give  a  tip  (to  a  waiter,  etc). 

HaHK|a  [ch^'ayka]  /  -h,  qaeK 
(sea-)gull. 

HaHHMK  [ch^ayn^ik,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  tea-kettle;  tea-pot. 

Mac  [ch^as,  -z]  m  -a  (-y) 
(with  ABa,  TpH,  Hexbipe  — 
qaca),  pi  -u,  -6b  1.  hour 
(1)  sixty  minutes;  2)  point, 
period);  nOciTopa  ~-a  an  hour 
and  a  half;  xpHAUaxb  khjio- 
MeipoB  B  —  thirty  kilome- 
tres an  hour;  — -bi  o6ejxa  dinner 
hour  /  time;  aKaAeMH^ecKHft 
— '  teaching  period  (in  the 
Soviet  Union  45  or  50  min- 
utes); ABa  —-a  esAbi  oxciOAa 
it's  a  two  hour  journey  from 
here;  2.  o'clock;  ceMb  —6b 
seven  o'clock;  Kox6pbiH  — ? 
what's  the  time?;  3.  one 
o'clock;  b  nepBOM  — y  after 
twelve; 

<>  —  pacnjiaxbi  day  of  reck- 
oning;   B    A66pbiH    — !     good 


luck!;  cxonxb  na  —ax    stand 

sentry. 

HacoBJOH  I  [ch^isAvoy]  a 
hour-long,  haur's;  -an  onjia- 
xa  payment  by  the  hour. 

HacoBOH  II  [ch^isAv6y]  a 
clock  (attr),  watch  (attr). 

HacoB|6H  III  [ch^isAvoy]  m 
-6ro,  -bix  sentry,  sentinel. 

HacxHiija  [ch^i^s^t^itj8]  / 
-bi,  —  1.  fraction,  particle; 
2.   ling  particle. 

4acxH|biH  [ch^asnty]  a  1. 
particular,  special  (case,  etc); 
2.  private  {property,  etc); 
—  biM  66pa30M  privately,  un- 
officially. 

Hacxo  [ch^asta]  adv  often, 
frequently. 

Hacxym|Ka  [ch^i^stushka]  / 
■*KH,  -CK  chastooshka  (a  hu- 
morous and  topical  folk  verse 
sung  in  a  lively  manner). 

Hacx|biH  [ch^'astiy]  a  sh  f 
— ,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  thick  {wood, 
etc);  — biH  rpe6eHb  fine  tooth- 
-comb;  2.  frequent  {visitor, 
visits,  etc);  3.  quick  {pulse). 

Hacxjb  [ch^as^t^,  -z^d*']  / 
-H,  -efi  1.  part  {of  a  whole); 
share,  portion;  66jibmaH  — b 
the  greater    part;    most  (o/). 


Mac 


—  526 


the  bulk  (of);  cocTaBHan  ~b 
component;  njiaxHTb  no  -~hm 
pay  by  instalments;  2.:  caHH- 
TapHaH  — b  medical  depart- 
ment, yMe6HaH  ~b  curricu- 
lum department;  3.  mil  unit 
{self-contained  and  independ- 
ent); 

«0  66jibmeH  — ^bio  &  no  Sojib- 
uiefi  ~H  mostly;  for  the 
greater  /  most  part;  pearb 
Ha  ~M  pull  to  pieces;  aro  hc 
no  Moefi  '-H  col  it's  not  in 
my  line/ out  of  my  range. 

Hac|bi  [ch^i^sl]  pi  -OB  time- 
piece; clock  {on  the  wall,  etc); 
watch  {on  the  wrist,  etc); 
nocxaBHTb  ~bi  no  pa;tHO  set 
the  watch  by  the  radio  (sig- 
nal). 

HaxHJyTb  [ch^akhnut^l  im- 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  qax  (-yji), 
qaxjia,  imp  -h,  sajMaxHyrb 
[zAch^akhnut^]  perf  1.  with- 
er {of  plants);  2.  pine,  waste 
away. 

naxoTKla  [ch^'i^khotka]  / 
-H  col  consumption  (a  dis- 
ease); cKOpOTCMHaH  ~a  gal- 
loping consumption. 

Haiu|Ka  [ch^'ashlo]  /  -kh, 
-CK  1.  cup  {for  drinking);  2. 
cupful,  cup  (o/);  3.  scale, 
pan. 

Ham|a  [ch^ash^'-.a]  /  -h,  ~ 
thicket. 

Mauie  [ch*'ash'':i]  comp  of 
H^CTbiH  &  corresp  adv. 

Hero  [ch^i^vo]  genof  ^to\. 

MCH  [ch'ey]  pron  inter  & 
rel  m  Mbero,  qbeMy,  qew 
(Mbero),  qbHM,  (o)  qbCM,  hbh 
/,  Hbe  n,  HbH  pt  whose;  qbH 
aro  pyqKa?  whose  pen  is  it?; 


nucaxejib,  Mbe  hmh...  the  writ- 
er whose  name... 

HCK  [ch^ek,    -g]    m  -a,  -ob 

1.  cheque,  check;  2.  check 
{at  a  shop). 

HejioeeK  [ch^iUv^ek,  -g]  m 
-a,  -~  man,  a  human  being; 
person  {a  man  or  woman); 
BbiAaKDiiiHHCH  ^  outstanding 
person;  nac  6bijio  Aecnib  -' 
we  were  ten. 

HejioeeHecKlHH  [ch^iUv^e- 
ch^isk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  1. 
human;  2.  humane  {treat- 
ment, etc). 

HejiOBeMecTBlo  [ch^ilAv^e- 
ch^'istva]  n  -a  humanity,  man- 
kind. 

HejiK)cTlb  [ch^el^us^t^, 

-z^d^] /-H, -eft  jaw;  jaw-bone; 
jowl. 

HCM  I  [ch^em]  cj  1.  than; 
jiymue  nosAHO,  ^^  HHKorAa 
prov  better  late  than    never; 

2.  instead  of;  ~-  CHAexb  AOMa, 
jiyqme  noftxH  b  khho  you  bet- 
ter go  to  the  cinema  instead 
of  staying  at  home;  3.  used 
with  comp:  ~-...,  xeM...  the... 
the...;  —  paHbiiie,  xeM  Jiyq- 
me  the  earlier,  the  bet- 
ter. 

HCM  II  [ch^em]  instr  of 
qxo  I. 

HCM  [ch^'om]    pr   of  mxo  I. 

HCMOAaH  [ch^imAdan]  m 
-a,  -OB  trunk  {for  carrying 
clothes);  suitcase. 

HeMnHOH  [ch^'imp^'ion]  m 
-a,  -OB  spor/ champion;  title- 
-holder. 

HCMnMOHaT  [ch^'imp^'iAnat, 
-d]  m  -a,  -OB  championship 
(tournament). 


—  527 


Hep 


HCMy  [ch^i^mu]  dat  of 
qxo  I. 

Henyxja  [ch^ipukha]  /  -h 
col  nonsense,  rot,  rubbish. 
'  HepB|b  [ch^erf^,  -v*']  m  -h, 
pi  qepBH,  -eft  worm  {an  ani- 
mal); luejiKOBHqHbiH  — 'b  silk- 
worm . 

nepBRK  [ch^i^rv^'ak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  =  qepBb. 

HepfldK  [ch^i^rdak,  -g]  m 
-a,  -OB  garret,   attic. 

HepeA|oBaTbCfl  [ch^ir^idAva- 
ttsa]  imperf  -yiocb,  -yeuibCH, 
p  -OBajicH,  -oBajiacb,  imp 
-yflcH,  -yflTecb  alternate  {of 
two  events,  etc);    take  turns. 

Hepe3  [ch^er^is,  -z]  prep 
with  ace  denoting  1.  move- 
ment or  position  across  smth, 
movement  over  an  obstacle, 
etc:  nepeHTH  —  Aopory  cross 
the  road,  walk  across  the  road; 
npbiFHyTb  ~  pyqeft  jump 
across  a  brook;  npbirnyTb  ~ 
3a66p  jump  over  a  fence;  2. 
movement  through  smth: 
npoHTH  —  jiec  walk  through 
a  forest;  BJiesTb  —  okho  get 
in  through  a  window;  3.  move- 
ment via  some  city,  etc:  exaxbB 
PHry  —  Mhhck  go  to  Riga  via 
Minsk;  4.  a  period  of  time: 
^  Mac  in  an  hour;  in  an 
hour's  time;  an  hour  later; 
"^  HCKOTopoe  BpeMH  after  a 
while;  some  time  later;  5. 
means  of  doing  smth:  coo6- 
mHTb  ~  Apyr.a  let  smb  know 
through  one's  friend;  onoBe- 
CTHTb  —  rasexy  notify  through 
a  newspaper. 

HepeMyx|a  [ch^i^r'omukha] 
/  -H  bird-cherry  tree. 


nepen  [ch^er^ip,  -b]  m  -a, 
pi  -a,  -OB  skull,  cranium; 
death's  head. 

Hepenaxja  [ch^ir^i^pakha]  / 
-H,  —  1.  tortoise;  turtle;  2. 
tortoise-shell. 

4epenMi;|a  [ch^ir^i^p^itja]  / 
-bi  tile,  tiling;  KpbiTbiH  —eft 
tiled. 

Hepecnyp  [ch^ir^i^sh^-.ur] 
adv  too  {much,  bad,  etc)', 
3T0  yjK  — !  that's  going  too 
far!,  that's  a  bit    too    thick! 

HepemlHsi  [ch^i^r^'eshn^a]  / 
-HH,  -eH  sweet  cherry;  cher- 
ry-tree. 

HepHHKla  [ch^i^rn'^ika]  /-h 
bilberry;  bilberry-bush. 

HepHHjia  [ch^i^rn^ila]  pi 
qepHHJi  ink  {for  writing). 

qepHHjibHHula  [ch^i^rn^iP- 
n^itsa]  /  -bi,  —  ink-pot,  ink- 
-well. 

HepHOBHK  [ch^irnAv'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  rough  copy;  2. 
rough  notebook. 

HepHoscM  [ch^irnAz^om]  m 
-a  chernozem,  black  earth. 

qepHocjiHB  [ch^irnAs^l^if, 
-v]  m  -a  prunes. 

HepHJbiH  [ch^orniy]  a  sh  f 
MepeH,  qepHa,  qepHO  (-o), 
qepHbi  (-bi)  1.  black  {1)  colour; 
2)  envy,  etc);  — ue  mmcjih 
dark  thoughts;  2.  back  {attr); 
-^bift  xoA  backdoor; 
<>  ~oe  ;iepeBo  ebony;  —we 
MerajijiM  ferrous  metals. 

Hepn|aTb  [ch^erpat^]  im- 
perf -aio,  -aeuib,  HepnH|yTb 
[ch^'i^rpnut^]  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  1.  draw  {water 
from  a  well,  etc);  2.  {no  perf) 
draw  {inspiration,  etc);  —  axb 


Hep 


528 


CHJibi  H3...  derive  strength 
from... 

HepcTB|biH  [ch^orstviy]  a 
sh  f  ~,  qepcTBa,  -o, -bi(qep- 
CTBbi)  1.  stale  (bread);  2.  fig 
hard-hearted,  callous. 

Mepx  [ch^ort,  -d]  m  -a,  pi 
qepTH,  MepxeH  devil,  deuce; 
<C>  caM  '-'  Hory  cjiomht  col 
^  there's  no  making  head  or 
tail  of  it;  neM  —  hc  uiyxHT 
col  ^  you  can  never  tell;  -- 
suacT  4To!  col  what  the 
devil!;  k  ~y..!  col  to  hell 
with..!;  —  B03bMH  /  no6epH! 
col  confound  (it)!;  KEKoro 
—a..?  col  why  the  hell..?; 
what  the  deuce..?;  Ha  koh 
--..?  col  why  the  hell..?;  hh 
Hepra  col  not  a  thing,  noth- 
ing at  all. 

HepTJa   [ch^'i^rta]  /  -bi,    '- 

1.  line  (a  long  narrow  mar k)\ 
npoBecTH     — y    draw    a  line; 

2.  border,  boundary;  --a  ro- 
poAa  city  boundaries;  3.  fig 
trait;  oTjiHqHxejibHaH  —a 
distinguishing  feature; 

«>  ^u  jiHua  features  [of  the 
face)',  B  66u^Mx  ~ax  roughly, 
in  a  general  way. 

HepTCJK  [ch^i^rt^osh,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eH  draught,  drawing;  US 
draft;  sketch  (a  rough  draw- 
ing). 

HepTJMTb  [ch^'i^rt^it^]  im- 
perf  Mepqy,  qepiHuib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -H,  HainepTHTb  [nach'^i^r- 
f'it^]  perf  draw,  delineate, 
sketch,  diagram. 

HepHeHHJe  [ch^i^rch^en^iya] 
n  -H    (mechanical)    drawing. 

HecjaTb  [ch^'i^sat^]  imperf 
Heuiy,    Hemeiub,    p    -aji,    imp 


qeuiH,  noiHCcaxb  [pach^'i^saf] 
perf  1.  scratch  (to  relieve 
itching,  etc);  2.  (no  perf)  col 
comb  (one's  hair). 

Heclaxbcsi  [ch^i^sattja]  im- 
perf qeuiycb,  qemeiiibCH,  p 
-ajicH,  -ajiacb,  imp  qeiiiHcfa, 
qeuiHxecb,  nojHecaxbcsi  [pa- 
ch^i^sattja]  perf  1.  scratch 
oneself;  2.  (no  perf)  itch  (of 
the  skin). 

HecHOK  [ch^i^snok,  -g]  m 
-a  garlic. 

MecxB|oBaxb  [ch^estyvat**] 
imperf  -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yH  do  /  pay  honour  to 
(smb)]  celebrate  (a  hero,  smb's 
anniversary,  jubilee,  etc). 

HecxHJHH  [ch^esniy]  a  sh  f 
qecxcH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  honest, 
upright;  fair,  just; 
<>  ~oe  cjioBO  word  of  hon- 
our; Aaxb  '-06  CJIOBO  give 
one's  word  of  honour,  give  a 
pledge;  ~oe  cjiobo!  hon- 
estly!; upon  my  word! 

HecxojiK)6HB|biH  [ch^istal^u- 
b^iviy]  a  sh  f  ~,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
ambitious  (person). 

Hecx|b    [ch^'es^t^,    -z^'d^]  / 
-H    honour      (1)    reputation; 
2)  tribute,  respect); 
<>  oxAaBaxb    —-b  mil  salute; 

C    --bK)    BblHXM    M3  nOJlOWCHHA 

come  out  of  a  situation  with 
credit,  come  off  with  flying 
colours;  nopa  h  ~b  anaxb 
col  one  ought  not  to  [must 
not]  abuse  (smb's  hospitali- 
ty, etc). 

HeiBepr  [ch'^i'^t^v^erk,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  Thursday. 

HexBepeHbK|H  [ch''it''v*'i^- 
r^'en^k'^ij  pi:    Ha  --ax  on  all 


—  529  — 


4HC 


fours;  CTaxb  na  ~h  go  down 
on  one's  hands  and  knees. 

4eTBep|Ka  [ch^i^t^v^orka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  four  (1)  a  figure; 
2)  a  mark  at  school). 

'HeTBep|o  [ch^ef'v^ira]  num 
collect  -bix,  -biM,  -bix  (-o), 
-biMH,  (o)  -bix  four;  hx  ^o 
there  are  four  of  them. 

HCTBepTWH  [ch^i^t^v^ortty] 
num  ord  fourth;  --  qac  it  is 
past  three  (o'cl-ock). 

HexeepTlb  [ch^et^v**irt^j-d^] 
/  -H,  -eft  1.  a  quarter,  a 
'fourth;  6e3  ~h  ceMb  a  quar- 
ter to  seven;  2.  term  (a  part  of 
the  school- year). 

hctkImh  [chMtk^iy]  a  sh  f 
»ieTOK,  qexKa,  -o,  -h  clear, 
clear-cut;  ^wft  no^epK  legible 
handwriting;  --oe  aaAaHHe 
precise  instructions;  ~oe  hc- 
nojiHeHHe  sajxauna  efficient 
performance  of  a   task. 

HeTHbiH  [ch**6tniy]  a  even 
(number). 

qexbipe  [ch^i^tlr^i]  num 
card  qeibipex,  qexbipcM,  --' 
(qcTbipex),  .qexbipbMH,  (o)  qe- 
Tbipex  four. 

neTbipecxa  [ch^i^ttr^ista] 
num  card  qexbipexcox,  Mexbi- 
pexcxaM,  — ',  MexbipbMHcxaMH, 
(o)  qexwpexcxax  four  hundred. 

HCxbipHaAuaxbiH  [ch^i^tlrna- 
tts9tty]  num   ord    fourteenth. 

4exbipHa1iuax|b  [ch^i^ttrna- 
ttsat^,  -d^]  num  card  -h,  -bio 
fourteen. 

Hex  [ch^'ekh,  -gh]  m  -a,  -ob 
Czech. 

Hex|6ji  [ch^i^khol]  m  -jia, 
-jioB  case  (a  protective  cover); 
slip-cover. 


HexocjiOBai;KlHH  [ch^'ikha- 
slAvatsk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
Czechoslovak. 

4e>ieBHu|a  [ch^ich^i^v^itsa] 
/  -bi  lentil.  ^ 

HeiiiH  [ch^i^shf]  see  qecaxb. 

qeiuHCb  [ch^i^shls^,  -z^], 
HeuiHxecb  [ch^i^shit^is^,  -z^j 
see  MecaxbCH. 

HeuicKJHH  [ch^eshsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -ne  Czech. 

Hcuiy  [ch^i^shu],  Hemeuib 
[ch^eshash,  -zh]  see  qecaxb. 

qeiuycb  [ch'^'^shus**,  -z^], 
Heiueuibcsi  [ch^eshashs^a]  see 
qecaxbCH . 

4eiiiy|fl  [ch^ishuya]  /  -h 
scales  (of  fishes  and  reptiles). 

HHH  [ch^in]  m  -a,  pi  -u, 
-OB  rank,  grade;  noBbiuieHHe 
B  ~e  promotion  {to  a  higher 
rank). 

4HH|Hxb  I  [ch^in^it^]  im- 
perf  -K),  MKHHuib,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-H,  oJHHHHXb  [Ach^'in^it^l  perfy 
noiHHHHxb    [pach^inMt^]  perf 

1.  (noMHHHXb)    repair,    mend; 

2.  (oqHHHXb)    sharpen  (a  pen- 
cil). 

4HH|HXb  II  [ch^in^it^]  im- 
perf  -K),  -Hiub,  p  -Hji,  imp 
-h:  —  HXb  npenHxcxBHH  KOMy-ji. 
put  obstacles  in  smb's  way; 
— HXb  cy;t  H  pacnpasy  mete 
out  justice   and    punishment. 

HHHOBHHK  [ch^luovn^'ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  1.  official,  function- 
ary; 2.  bureaucrat. 

4HcjieHH0cx|b  [ch^is^l^i- 
nas^t^,  -z^d^J  /  -h  number, 
quantity,  strength;  —bio  b  cxo 
qejiOBCK  one   hundred  strong. 

4MCJiHxejibH|oe  [ch^is^l^i- 
t^il^naya]   n    -oro,    -ux    ling 


530 


numeral;  KOJiHMecTBeHHoe  — oe 
cardinal  number;  nopnuKOBoe 
~oe  ordinal  number. 

HHCJilHTbcn  [ch''is''l''itts9] 
i mpe r f  -loch,  -Huibcfl,  p  -hjich, 
-HJiacb  be  reckoned,  be  put 
(among  a  person's  friends, 
etc);  — HTbCH  B  cHHCKe  be  on 
the  list;  KHHra  ~htch  aa  hhm 
the  book  is  down  in  his  name. 

HHCJijo  [ch*'isl6]  n  -a,  pi 
MHCJia,  MHceJi,  MHCJiaM  1.  num- 
ber (1)  whole,  fractional, 
etc;  2)  sum,  aggregate;  3) 
ling);  MH6>KecTBeHHoe  ~6  ling 
plural  (number);  2.  date  {the 
day  of  the  month);  KaKoe 
ceronHH  ~6?  what  date  is  it 
today?;  b  nepBbix  HHCjiax  Man 
in  the  first  days  of  May;  3.: 
6biTb  B  — e...  be  among...,  be 
one  of...;  oahh  h3  hx  ~a  one 
of  them;  b  tom  ~e...  includ- 
ing...; 

<>  npeeocxoAHTb  ~6m  out- 
number. 

HHCTiHTb  [ch*'is''t*'it^]  im- 
perf  MHiuy,  -HUJb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-b,  noiMHCTMTb  IpAch^is'^t^it*'] 
perf  1.  clean,  scour;  ~HTb 
meTKOH  brush;  2.  peel  {fruit, 
vegetables);  scale  {fish);  shell 
{nuts). 

HHCTO  [ch^'ista]  I  adu  clean- 
ly; neatly; 
II  impers    predic  it  is  clean. 

HHCTonji6TH|biH  [ch^'istA- 
plotniy]  a  sh  f  MHCxonjioreH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  neat,  clean,  tidy 
{person). 

MHCTOcepfleHHibiH  [ch^'ista- 
si'i<^rd*'ech''niy]  a  sh  f  mhcto- 
cepAGMeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  candid, 
frank,  open-hearted. 


HHCT|biJI  [ch^fstiy]  a  sh  f 
~,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  1.  clean 
{unsoiled);  2.  pure  {gold,  etc); 
~aH  coBecTb  easy  conscience; 
3.  clear,  net  {profit,  weight, 
etc);  4.:  ~oe  coBnaneHHe  mere 
coincidence;  ~aH  cjiyqaflHocxb 
mere  /  pure  chance; 
<>  ~oe  nojie  open  country/ 
field;   —an    paCora  neat  job. 

HHTajibHifl  [ch^ital^'n^a]  /  -h, 
MHiajieH  reading-hall,  read- 
ing-room. 

HHTJaTb  [ch^'itat'']  imperf 
-aK),  -aeiub,  npoinHTaTb  [pra- 
ch^'itat'']  perf,  npo4|ecTb 
[prAch'^es^'t^]  perf  -ry,  -reuib, 
p  -eji,  -jia,  imp  -th  1.  read 
{a  book,  etc);  ~aTb  BCJiyx 
read  out  loud;  2.  deliver,  give 
{lectures);  3.  recite  {poetry, 
etc). 

HHx|aTb  [ch^'ikhat'']  imperf 
-aio,  -aeujb,  HHXHJyTb  [ch^'ikh- 
nut**]  perf  -y,  -eiiJb,  p  -yji, 
imp  -H  sneeze. 

HHiu,e  [ch''ish'':i]  comp  of 
MHCTbiH  &  corresp  adv. 

HHmy    [ch''ish'':u]    see    mu- 

CTHTb. 

HjieH  [ch^l'^en]  m  -a,  -oe 
member  {1)  of  the  Communist 
Party,  etc;  2)  math);  ~bi 
npeAJio>KeHH5i  ling  parts  of  the 
sentence. 

MOKlaxbCfl  [ch''6k9ttj9]  im- 
perf -aiocb,  -aeiiibCH,  hok- 
H|yTbCfl  [ch'^oknuttja]  per^ 
-ycb,  -eiubCH,  p  -yjiCH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -Hcb,  -Hiecb  touch /clink 
glasses  {with  smb). 

MpesBbiMaHH  biii  [ch'T^'izvi- 
ch'^ayniy]  a  sh  f  MpesBbiqaen, 
-a,     -0,      -bi      extraordinary 


—  531  — 


4T0 


{meeting,  measures,  etc)-,  ex- 
treme (danger,  actions,  etc); 
—bie  nojiHOMOMHH  emergency 
.powers;  '-oe  nojiOKCHHe 
state  of  emergency. 

HpesMepHJbiJi  [ch'^r^i^zm^er- 
nty]  a  sh  f  ^pesMepen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  excessive. 

4TeHH|e  [ch^t^en^iya]  n  -h, 
-ft  1.  reading  {of  books,  etc); 
2.:  ~-e  jieKUHH  lecturing  (a/ 
a  university,  etc). 

HTH|Tb  [ch^t^'it^]  imperf 
my,  -uib,  p  -ji,  imp  -~  hon- 
our, revere;  '-Tb  Mbio-ji.  na- 
MHTb  revere  smb's  memory, 

HTO  I  [shto]  I  pron  nero, 
qeMy,  — -,  neM,  (o)  mcm  1.  in- 
ter &  rel  what;  —  sto?  what 
is  this?;    h  He   snaio,    -^   sto 

I  don't  know  what  it  is;  o 
HCM  Bbi  AyMaexe?  what  are  you 
thinking  about?;  ~?  sorry?; 
2.  rel:  oh  He  npHmeji,  — 
OHeHb  cTpaHHo  he  hasn't  come, 
which  is  very  strange;  3.  rel 
that;  3T0  Bce,  ~  n  anaio  this 
's  all  (that)  I  know;  tot  jKe 
^ejioBCK,  -—  npHXOAHJi  B^iepa 
the  same  man  that  came  yes- 
terday; H  3HaiO,  '^  OH  HMeeT 
B  BHAy  I  know  what  he  means; 
4.  indef  anything;  ecjiH  — 
cjiymiTCH  if  anything  happens; 
5.:  —  OH  3a  MejiOBCK?  what 
sort  of  man  is  he?;  ~  sto  sa 
KHHra?  what  kind  of  book  is 
it?;  --  3a  KHHra!  what  a 
book!; 

II  as  an  adv  inter  why;  ~ 
tm  TaKOH  rpycTHbiH?  why  are 
you  so  sad?; 

<0  —  iK(e)  why;  well;  Hy  h 
'^  jK(e)?  col  well,  what  of  it?; 


~  H3  3Toro?  col  what  of  it?; 
K  weiviy?  what  for?,  why?;  axo 
HH  K  HeMy  it  is  of  no  use,  it 
is  no  good;  —  6bi  hh  what- 
ever;   HH     BO     ~    He     CXaBHTb 

Koro-Ji.  not  care  a  pin  for 
smb,  make  no  account  -for 
smb;  yflxH  hh  c  hcm  go  away 
empty-handed;  hh  sa  —  hh 
npo  ~  col  for  no  reason  at 
all. 
HTO    II    [shto]    cj    that;  h 

3HaK),      —     OH      CKOpO     npHflCT 

I  know  that  he  will  soon 
come;  oh  CKasaji,  ~  oh  npn- 
ji<kT  he  said  he  would  come; 
H  paA,  ~  BH>Ky  Bac  I'm  glad 
to  see  you. 

HTO 6  see  MT66bi. 

HToSbi  [sht6bi],HTo6  [shtop, 
-b]  cj  &  part  denoting  pur- 
pose, desirability,  possibil- 
ity, etc:  OH  BCTaji,  —  Bce 
BH^ejiH  ero  he  rose  (so)  that 
everybody  could  see  him; 
HyjKHO,  -—  OH  nonieji  Ty;ta  it 
is  necessary  that  he  should 
go  there,  it  is  necessary  for 
him  to  go  there;  He  MOJKeT 
6biTb,  —  OH  noTepHJi  kjhomI 
he  can't  have  lost  the  key!; 
He  flyMaio,  -~-  sto  eMy  noHpa- 
BHJiocb  I  don't  think  he  liked 
it;  H  xoqy,  ~  Bbi  houijih  c 
HaMH  I  want  you  to  come  with 
us;  H  npHexaji,  —  noroBopHTb 
c  BaMH  I've  arrived  (in  order) 
to  talk  to  you;  oh  b3hji  TaKCH 
—  He  ono3AaTb  he  took  a  taxi 
not  to  be  late. 

ht6-jih6o    [shtoPiba]    pron 
=  nT6-HH6yAb. 

HTO-HHSyflb       [shton^ibut^, 
-d'']   pron  indef   nero-HHdyAb 


—  532  — 


something;  anything  (in  inter 
sentences). 

mt6-to  I  [shtota]  pron  in- 
def  qero-TO  something. 

ht6-to  II  [shtota]  adv  col 
1.  somehow,    somewhat;    MHe 

—  HesAopoBHTCH  somehow 
I  don't  feel  well;  oh  —  pac- 
cTpocH  he  is  somewhat  upset; 
2.:  ^  H  sToro  He  homkhd 
I  don't  think  I  remember  it; 
— '  3Aecb  He  TaK  it  looks  as 
if  something   is   wrong   here. 

Mxy  [ch^'tu]  see  MTHTb. 

MyBCTBeHHJbiH  [ch^us^t^- 
v^mniy]  a  sh  i  HyBCTBen,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  sensual  (pleasures,  etc); 
'-oe  BocnpHHTHe  perception 
by  the  senses. 

HyBCTBHTCJIbHlblH  [ch'U- 

s^t^v^it^il^niy]  a  sh  f  ^yB- 
CTBHiejieH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1.  sen- 
sitive, susceptible;  ~oe  MecTO 
tender  spot;  2.  sensible,  per- 
ceptible; --an  yrpaxa  painful 
loss;  — 'biH  yaap  telling  blow. 
HyBCTB|o    [ch^ustv9]    n    -a, 

—  sense  (1)  of  hearing,  smell, 
etc;  2)  of  pain,  responsibil- 
ity, etc);  feeling,  sensation; 
opraHbi  ~  organs  of  sense; 
4'  o6MaH  ~  illusion,  delu- 
sion; 6e3  ■^  unconscious,  in- 
sensible. 

4yBCTB|oBaTb  {ch^ustyvat*'] 
imperf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -yfi,  noiHyBCTBoeaTb 
[pAch^ustyvat^]  perf  feel, 
sense,  have  a  sensation  of; 
<— OBaxb  TOJiojy  feel  hungry; 
'^OBaTb  ce6H  o6H>KeHHbiM  feel 
hurt. 

HyryH  [ch^ugun]  m  -a  cast 
iron. 


MyflaK  [ch^udak,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  eccentric  man,  crank. 

HyflecHlbiH  [ch^ud^esniy]  a 
sh  f  qy;teceH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  1. 
miraculous,  wonderful;  2. 
lovely,  beautiful,  marvellous, 
wonderful. 

MyflH|6H  [ch^udnoyl  a  sh  f 
HyjieH,  -a,  -6,  -bi  col  odd, 
strange,  queer. 

HyflHJbiH  [ch^udniy]  a  sh  f 
qyAen,  -a,  -o.  -bi  1.  wonder- 
ful, marvellous;  2.  lovely, 
beautiful. 

nyfljo  [ch^uda]  n  -a,  pi 
-eca,  -ec,  -ecaM  miracle;  won- 
der, marvel. 

HyflOBHmHibiH  [ch^udo- 

v^ish^-.niy]    a    sh    f    qyAOBH- 
men,  -a,  -o,  -bi  monstrous. 

HywloH  [ch^uzhoy]  a  -aH, 
-6e,  -Ke  1.  smb  else's,  belong- 
ing to  smb  else;  noa  ~hm 
HMeneM  under  an  assumed 
name;  2,  strange,  foreign, 
alien;   ~6h  qejioBCK  stranger. 

Hyji|KH  [ch^ulk^i]  pi  -OK 
(sing  Myji]6K  m  -Ka)  stockings. 

HyMJa  [ch^'uma]  /  -bi  plague, 
black  death. 

HyxKlMH  fch^utk^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  qyiOK,  -a,  -o, 
-H  1.  sensitive,  keen  (ear,  etc)\ 
2.  delicate,  tactful;  --oe  ot- 
HouieHHe  tactful  approach; 
<>   ~HH  coH  light  sleep. 

Hyxb  [ch^ut^,  -d^]  I  adv 
\.  hardly;  —  cjiuuiho  can 
hardly  be  heard;  2.  slightly, 
a  little;  ^  MCHbiue  a  little 
less; 

II  cj   as   soon    as;  -~'  xojibKo 
as  soon  as; 
<>   ~  Hc    almost,    nearly;  oh 


533  — 


tua;t 


~  He  ynaji  he  nearly  fell;   -' 
jiH  HC  almost,  nearly;  —  mto 
at  every  trifle;  — qyib  slight- 
ly, a  little. 
Hyxble     [ch^ut^yo]     n     -h 

1.  scent    {the  sense  of  smell); 

2.  fig  flair,  scent. 

Hy4eji|o  [ch'uch^ib]  n  -a, 
--  1.  stuffed  animal;  stuffed 
bird;  2.  scarecrow. 

Hyuilb  Ich^ush,  -zh]  /  -h 
col  nonsense,  rot;  hccth  -^-b 
talk  nonsense. 

HyHTb  [ch^uyat^l  imperf 
HyK),  qyeiiib,  p  MyHJi,  noi- 
HysiTb  [pAch^uy9t^]  perf 
smell,  scent  {also  fig);  ~ 
6eAy  scent  trouble. 

Hbe  [ch^yo]  pron  n  Hbero, 
qbCMy,   --,  HbHM,  (o)  ^heu  see 


Hbero  [ch^yi^vo]  gen  &  ace 
of  ^efl,  gen  of  ^be;  see 
qeft. 

HbCH  [ch^yey]  gen,  dat, 
instr  &  pr  of  m>5i;  see 
^efl. 

HbCM  [ch^yom]  pr  of  qeft 
&  qbe;  see  ^eft. 

HbCMy  [ch^yi^mu]  dat  of  qeft 
&  Mbe;  see  Mefi. 

Hbeio  [ch^yeyu]  instr  of 
MbH;  see  ^eft. 

HbH  [ch^yi]  pron  pi  -x,  -m, 
~    (-X),    -MH,  (o)  -X  see  qefi. 

HbHM  [ch^yim]  instr  of  ^e^ 
&  Hbe;  see  qefl. 

HbK)  [ch^yu]  ace  of  HbH; 
see  qefl. 

Hbfl  [ch^ya]  pron  f  qbefi, 
qbeii,  HbK),  Mbefi  (MbCK)),  (o) 
qbCH  see  qeft. 


UI 


uia6ji6H   [shAblon]  m  -a,  -ob 

1.  pattern,    mould;    templet; 

2.  fig    cliche;    padoxaTb    no 
~y    work     unimaginatively. 

mar  [shak,  -g]  m  -a  (-y) 
{with  ABa,  TpH,  qeibipe  — 
mara),  pi  -u,  -6b  1.  step 
{!)  in  walking,  etc;  2)  foot- 
fall); poBHbiH  ~  even  stride; 
2.  fig  step,  measure; 
<>  -^  3a  ^OM  step  by  step; 
Ha  KaxAOM  ^y  at  every 
step,  everywhere;  ne  otxo- 
flHTb  Hii  Ha  ~  OT  Kdro-ji.  not 
move  a  step  from  smb's^side. 

uiar|aTb  [shAgat^J  imperf 
-aio,  -aeuib,  uiarH|yTb  [shAg- 
nut^]   perf   -y,    eiub,  p  -yji, 


imp  -H  1.  step;  stride,  stride 
along;  march;  pace,  walk; 
perf  also  take  /  make  a  step; 
2.  fig  move  ahead,  make 
progress. 

uiaroM  [shag9m]  adv  at  a 
walking  pace;  slowly,  at 
a    slow   pace; 

<>  —  Mapui!  march!,  for- 
ward! 

uiaHK|a  [shayka]  /  -h, 
luaeK  gang,  band. 

uiajiaui  [shAlash,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-eft  hut  {made  of  branches, 
etc). 

uiajilHTb  [shAPit^]  imperf 
-K),  -Huib,  p  -iiji,  imp  -H 
play  pranks;  be  naughty. 


tiiaji 


534  — 


luajiocrlb  [shabs^t^,  -z^d^] 
f  -H,  -eft    prank  (of  a  child). 

uidjiyu  [shAlun]  m  -a,  -6b 
naughty  /  mischievous  boy. 

uiajijb  [shal^l  /  -",  -efi 
shawl. 

uiaHTajK  [shAntash,  -zh]  m 
-a  blackmail. 

uian|Ka  [shapka]  /  -kh,  -ok 
cap  {a  covering  for  the  head)', 
<>  '-KaMH  saKHflaeM!  = 
we'll  win  an  easy  victory  / 
hands  down! 

map  [shar]  m  -a  {with  ABa, 
TpH,  MCTbipe  —  map  a),  pi  -bi, 
-OB  ball,  sphere,  globe; 
<>  BosAyuiHbiH  —  balloon; 
np66HbiH  —  pilot /trial  bal- 
loon; xoTb  ~6m  noKaTH  col  = 
quite  empty. 

mapJK  [sharsh,  -zh]  m  -a, 
-eft  cartoon,  grotesque,  cari- 
cature. 

iiiapHKonoAiiiHn«HK  [shar''!- 
kapAtshlpn^ik,  -g]  m  -a,  -oe 
bail-bearing. 

iiiap4)  [sharf,  -v]  m  -a,  -ob 
scarf;  muffler,  comforter. 

luaxlaTbcsi  [shAtattsa]  im- 
perf  -aK)Cb,  -aeuibCH  1.  be/ 
get  loose  {of  a  nail,  tooth, 
etc);  be  unsteady  {of  a  chair, 
table,  etc);  2.  reel,  stagger 
{on  one's  feet);  3.  col  lounge 
about,  loaf;  -~aTbCH  6e3  AeJia 
idle  about. 

max  I  [shakh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-OB  shah. 

max  II  [shakh,  -cih]  m  -a 
chess  check;  —  h  Max  check- 
mate. 

maxMaxMCT  [shakhmAt^ist, 
•zd]    m    -a,   -OB  chess-player. 

uiaxMaibi    [shakhmstt]    pi 


uiaxMax  1.  chess;  2.  chess-men 
and  chess-board. 

maxx|a  [shakhta]  /  -bi,  ~ 
(coa}-)mine,  pit. 

maxxep  [shAkht^or]  m  -a, 
-OB  (coal-)miner. 

mamJKa  I  [shashka]  /  -kh, 
pi  -KH,  -eK  1.  draughtsman 
{a  piece);  US  checker;  2.  pi 
draughts;  US  checkers. 

mam|Ka  II  [shashka]  /  -kh, 
-eK  sabre,  sword. 

mea  [shva],  meoB  [shvof, 
-v]  see  uioB. 

meefl  [shv^et,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
.Swede. 

mBeACK|HH  [shv^etjk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Swedish. 

mBeHHJbiH  [shv^eyniy]  a 
sewing  {industry,  etc);  ~aH 
MaiiiHH(K)a  sewing-machine; 
-— afl  (|)a6pHKa  clothes  factory. 

mBeHu,ap  [shv'^i^ytjar]  m  -a, 
-OB  porter,  door-keeper,  com- 
missionaire. 

mBefiuapleu  [shv^i^ytja- 
r^itj,  -dz]  m  -na,  -ueB  Swiss. 

mBCHuapcKJHH  [shv^i^ytjar- 
sk^iy]    a  -an,   -oe,  -He  Swiss. 

mBbipHyxb   see  lUBbipHXb. 

mBHp|flXb  [shvir^at^]  im- 
perf  -HK),  -neuib,  mBbipHJyrb 
[shvtrnut^]  perf  -y,  -euib,  p 
-yji,  imp  -H  col  fling,  hurl, 
toss; 

<>  ~«xb     flCHbrH  /  ACHbraMH 
squander  money. 

mBbip|«xbCH  [shvir^attjs] 
imperf  -HK)Cb,  -neiubCH  col 
fling,  throw,  hurl;  — nxbCH 
KaMHHMH  throw  stones  (at  each 
other). 

meBejijiixb  [shav^i^Pit^J 
imperf  -ib,  -HUJb  (mefieAHUib), 


—  535  — 


uiec 


p  -HJi,  imp  -H,  uieBejibHlyxb 
[shav^i^l'^nut^]  perf  -y,  -eiub, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  move,  stir; 
--HTb  ry6aMH  move  one's  lips. 
uieBeji|MTbCfl  [shav^i^l^ittsa] 
imperf    -locb,  -HuibCH    (uieBe- 

JIHUIbCH),       p      -HJICH,     -HJiaCb, 

imp  -HCb,  -Hxecb,  uieeejib- 
H|yTbC5i  [shav^i^l^nuttsa]  perf 
-ycb,  -eiiibCH,  p  -yjicH,  -yjiacb, 
imp  -HCb,   -HTecb  move,  stir. 

uieeejibHyTb  see  meBejiHib. 

uieBCjibHyTbca     see     uicBe- 

JIHTbCH. 

iiiCAeBp  [shi^devr]  m  -a,  -ob 
masterpiece. 

luefi  [shey]  see  muTb. 

uieji  [shol]  see  hath. 

uiejiecT  [shel^'ist,  -zd]  m  -a 
rustle,  rustling;  murmur  {of 
the  wind). 

luejiecTJeTb  [shal^i^s^t^et^] 
imperf  -nmb,  p  -eji,  imp  -h 
rustle  {of  leaves,  silk,  etc); 
mejiecTexb  crpaHHuaMH  rustle 
pages. 

uiejiK  [sholk,  -g]  m  -a  (-y), 
pi  uiejiKa,  mejiKOB  silk  {the 
thread  or  stuff);  na  luejiKy 
silk-lined. 

uiejiKOBbiH  [sholkaviy]  a 
silk  {attr); 

•^  OH  cxaji  KaK  '—  col  ^ 
he  has  become  as  mild  as 
a  lamb. 

uiejiyxja    [shalukha]    /    -h 
shell,    husk;    scale    {of  fish); 
peel, 
uiennyxb  see  menxaxb. 
uienox    [shopat,    -d]    m  -a 
whisper. 

uienoxoM  [shopatam]  adv 
in  a  whisper,  under  one's 
breath. 


jnenxjaxb  [shi^ptat^]  imperf 
iiienMy,  uienqemb,  p  -aji,  imp 
LuenqH,  menH|yxb  [shi^pnut^J 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
whisper. 

uienxlaxbCfl  [sht^ptattsa] 
imperf  uienqycb,  menqeuibCH, 
p  -ajicH,  -ajiacb,  imp  uienqncb, 
LuenMLxecb  whisper,  talk  in 
whispers. 

luepeHrja  [shi^r^enga]  /  -h, 
^  rank  (0/  soldiers,  etc). 

mepoxoBax|biH  [sharakhA- 
vatiy]  a  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -0,  -u 
rough,  rugged. 

uiepcx|b  [shers^t^,  -z^d^]  / 
-H  1.  hair  {on  the  skin  of  an 
animal);  2.  wool  (/)  of  the 
sheep,  etc;  2)  used  for  knit- 
ting, etc);  3.  worsted;  woollen 
stuff. 

uiepcxjiHloH  [shars^t^i^noy] 
a  woollen;  —  bie  Beiu,H  wool- 
lens. 

iiiepmaB  I  biH  [shi^rshaviy]  a 
sh  f  —,  -a,  -0,  -bi  rough 
{not  smooth). 

uiecx  [shest,  -zd]  m  -a,  -6b 
pole  {a  long  rod). 

mecxBHJe  [shes^t^v^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  procession,  train. 

mecxHAecflx|bifi  [shas't^i- 
d^i^s^atiy]  num  ord  sixtieth; 
~bie  roAH  the  sixties. 

iiiecxHaAuaxuH  [shi^snattsa- 
tiy]  num  ord  sixteenth. 

uiecxHafluaxlb  [shi^sna- 
ttsat^,  -d^]  num  card  -h,  -bio 
sixteen, 

uiecxjOH  [sht^stoy]  num 
ord  sixth;  nojioEHna  --dro 
half  past  five. 

iuecx|b  [shes^t^,  -z'd'] 
num  card  -h,  -bib  six. 


uiec 


536 


uiecTbflecflT  [shaz^d^i^s^at, 
-d]  num.  card  mecTHAecnrH, 
uiecTbioAecHTbK)  sixty. 

luecTbcoT  [shi^ssot,  -d]  nam 
card  mecTHCOT,  luecTHCTaM,  ■-^, 
mecTbiocTaMH,  (o)  mecTHCxax 
six  hundred. 

uie(j)    [shef,    -v]    m  -a,   -ob 

1.  col  principal,  head,  chief; 

2.  patron  (a  factory,  etc,  giv- 
ing help  to  a  school,  collec- 
tive farm,  etc);  3.  chef,  head 
cook. 

uie(l)CTBloBaTb  [shefstyvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yeiub,  p  -oeaji, 
imp  -yft  be  patron  (of)  have 
the  patronage  (of)  [cf  mecj)  2]. 

uieJi  [sheya]  /  uieH,  mefl 
anat  neck; 

<>  cjiOMaxb  ce6e  meio  col 
break  one's  neck;  cHjierb  na 
iiiee  y  Koro-Ji.  col  ^  be  on 
smb's  hands,  be  a  burden  to 
smb;  BbirHaxb  /  BbiTOJiKarb 
Kor6-;i.  B  meio  col  chuck  smb 
out. 

iiiHji  [shtl],  lUMjia  [shila] 
see  ujHTb. 

lUMJijo  [shlb]  n  -a,  pi  -bH, 
-bee  awl; 

<0>  -^a  B  MciuKe  He  yxaHiub 
prov    ^    the    truth  will  out. 

iiiHH|a  [shina]  /  -bi,  — 
1.  tyre,    tire;    2.    med  splint. 

uiHHCJilb  [shin^'el'']  /  -h,  -en 
greatcoat,  overcoat  {as  an 
article  of  uniform). 

uiHn  [ship,  -b]  m  -a,  -6b 
1.  bot  thorn;  2.  technol  ten- 
on, pin. 

iiiHn|eTb  [ship^'et^]  imperf 
-JiK),  -Huib,  p  -eji,  imp  -H 
1.  hiss  {of  a  snake,  etc);  spit 
(©/  a  cat);  2.  sizzle;  fizz. 


uiHnoBHHK  [shipovn^ik,  -g] 
m  -a  bot  dog-rose. 

uiMpe  [shlr^i]  comp  of  uih- 
poKHH  &  corresp  adv. 

iuHpHH|a  [shfr^ina]  /  -b'l 
width,  breadth;  --oft  b  nHXb 
MexpoB  five  metres  wide. 

lUMpMla  [shi'rma]  /  -bi,  '- 
screen  (/)  a  folding  partition; 
2)  fig  camouflage). 

uiMpoK'iHH  [shirok^iy]  a  -an, 
-oe,  -He,  sh  f  ^,  -a,  -6  (-o), 
-H  (-h)  1.  wide,  broad;  2.  fig 
broad,  widespread  {support, 
etc);  wide-scale  {construction, 
etc);  extensive  {opportunities, 
etc);  ~oe  o6o6meHHe  sweep- 
ing generalization;  xoBapbi 
~oro  noxpe6jieHHH  consumer 
goods; 

<>  ~aji  Haxypa  generous 
nature. 

uiMpoxja  [shtrAta]  /  -bi,  pi 

LUHpoXbl,        lUHpOX,         UJHpOXaM 

1.  breadth  {of  views,  etc);  —a 
yMa  breadth  of  mind;  2.  geog 
latitude. 

uiHXb  [shtt^]  imperf  lubio, 
lUbeuib,  p  uiHJi,  ujHJia  imp 
meft,  ciuMxb  [sh:it^]  perf 
combK),  couibeiiib,  p  cujhji, 
cuiHJia,  imp  cmeft  sew;  make 
{a  shirt,  etc);  -^  ce6e  njiaxbe 
I)  make  a  dress;  2)  have  a 
dress  made. 

iuH(])p  [shtfr]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  code,  cipher;  2.  pressmark. 

uiH(})p6BaHHbiH  [shifrova- 
niy]  a  {pa\  cipher  {attr), 
ciphered. 

iuhuiIke  [shishka]  /  -kh,  -eK 
1.  bot  cone;  2.  bump,  lump; 
3.  col  big  bug,  VIP. 

iuKaji|a   [shkAla]   /    -bi,  pi 


--  537  -^ 


mna 


uiKajibi,  —,  iiJKajiaM  scale  (/or 
measuring);  CKOJibanmaH  -~-a 
sliding  scale. 

lUKaxyjilKa  [shkAtulka]  / 
-KH,  -OK  box,  casket. 

uiKa([)  [shkaf,  -v]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  cupboard;  njiaiHHOH 
'-  wardrobe;  khhjkhhh  -^ 
bookcase;  HecropaeMbift  ~  safe 
(for  money,  etc);  cxeHHoft  ~ 
built-in  closet. 

liiKOJija  [shkob]  /  -bi,  ~ 
school;  cypoBan  ^a  h<h3hh 
the  hard  school  of  life;  npofl- 
TH  xopoiuyK)  -^-y  1)  be  well 
trained;  2)  fig  gain  wisdom 
by  experience; 
<>  Bbiciuan  ^a  higher  school. 

uiKOjibHHK  [shkol^n^ik,  -g] 
m  -a,  -OB  schoolboy. 

uiKOJibHlbiH  [shkoPniy]  a 
school  (attr);  ~oe  sAaHHe 
schoolhouse;  -^•biii  ynynejih 
school-teacher. 

uiKypja  [shkura]  /  -bi,  ~ 
skin,  hide; 

•<>  flpaxb  — y  c  Koro-Ji.  col 
exploit  smb;  Hcnbixaxb  hto-ji. 
Ha  c66cTBeHHOH  -~-e  col  have 
felt  smth  on  one's  own  back; 
flpoxfarb  sa  cbok)  ~y  col  ss 
be  afraid  of  getting  into 
trouble. 

uijia  [shla]  see  H^m. 

lujiaK  [shlak,  -g]  m  -a  slag, 
dross. 

lujiaHF  [shlank,  -g]  m  -a,  ob 
hose  (a  flexible  pipe  or  tube). 

ujjieM  [shl^em]  m  -a,  -ob 
helmet,  headpiece. 

uijiH  [shl^i]  see  hath. 

uijiH4)|oBaTb  [shPifAvat^] 
imperf  -yio,  -yemb,  p  -osaji, 
imp  -ya,  0TiiiJjiH4)0BaTb  [At- 


shl^ifAvat^J  perf  grind  (a 
lens,  etc);  polish  {metals^ 
etc;  also  fig). 

iijjiK)3  [shl^us,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  sluice,  lock. 

uijiK)n|Ka  [shl'^upka]  /  -kh, 
-OK  (ship's)  boat;  cnacaiejib- 
Han  —Ka  lifeboat. 

lujinnja  [shPapa]  /  -w,  -' 
1.  hat  {with  a  brim  and  a 
crown);    2.  col  duffer,  gawk. 

lUHyp    [shnur]    m    -a,     -6b 

1.  cord     {a    thick     string); 

2.  electr  flex. 

lUHyploK  [shnurok,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  lace,  shoestring. 

uiOB  *[shof,  -v]  m  ujBa,  pi 
mBbi,  mBOB  1.  seam  {in 
clothes) ;  stitch  {in  embroid- 
ery); 2.  technol  joint,  jointing; 
<>  HaKjia;ibiBaTb  lUBbi  mcd 
put  in  the  stitches. 

uioKHp|oBaTb  [shAk^iravat^J 
imperf  -yw,  -yeiub,  p  -OBaji, 
imp    -yft    shock,    scandalize. 

uioKOjiaA  [shakAlat,  -d]  m 
-a  chocolate. 

iiiopox  [shorakh,  -gh]  m  -a, 
-OB  rustle,  rustling. 

luocce  [shosse]  n  indecl 
highway,  highroad;  motor 
road;  macadam  road. 

luoTjiaHfljeu  [shAtlan^d^itj, 
-dz]  m  -ua,  -ueB  Scot,  Scots- 
man. 

moTJiaHflCKjHii  [shAtlan- 
sk^iy]  a  -anj  -oe,  -He  Scot- 
tish, Scotch. 

uio(j)ep  [shAf^or]  m  -a,  -oe 
chauffeur,  driver. 

lunar  I  a  [shpaga]  /  -h,  ^ 
sword,  rapier. 

uinajija  [shpab]  /  -u,  '^ 
rly  sleeper;  VS  tie. 


uinH 


—  538  — 


uinHjibKJa  [shp^il^ka]  /  -h, 
iiinHJieK  1.  hairpin;  2,  fi^ 
col  caustic  remark;  noAny- 
CKaTb  ~-H  KOMy-ji.  liavc  a 
dig  at  smb. 

uinHOH  [shp^'ion]  m  -a,  -ob 
spy,  secret  agent. 

uinHOHajK  [shp^iAnasli,  -zh] 
m  -a  espionage. 

uinpHi;  [shpr'itj,  -dz]  m 
-a,  -es  syringe. 

lunpoTbi  [shproti]  p/uinpoT 
{sing  uinp6T|a  /  -bi  &uinpOT 
m  -a)  sprats. 

uipaM  [sliram]  m  -a,"  -ob 
scar  [on  the  skin). 

uipH(}}T  [siir^ift,  -vd]  m 
-a,  pi  -b'l  (-bi),  -OB  (-ob) 
print,  type;  KypcHBHbifl  ~ 
italics. 

uixaS  [shtap,  -b]  m  -a,  pi 
-bi,  -OB  mil  staff,  fieadquar- 
ters. 

uiraivin  [sfitamp,  -b]  m  -a, 
rOB  1.  stamp,  mark,  seal; 
2.  technol  punch,  stamp; 
3    fig  cliche. 

uiTaHJbi  [shtAnI]  pi  -6b  col 
trousers,  breeches;  US  pants. 

mxax  I  [shtat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  state  (a  territorial  and 
administrative  unit). 

uiTax  II  [shtat,  -d]  m  -a, 
-08  staff,  establishment. 

uixaxcK|MH  [shtatjk^iy]  I  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  civil,  civilian; 
II  as  a  noun  mxarcK  |  hh 
m  -oro,  -Hx  civilian  (not  a 
military  man). 

mxencejilb  [shteps^il^]  m 
-H,  pi  -H,  -eft  electr  1.  plug; 
2.  col  socket  (for  a  plug). 

mxHJi'ib  [shf'il*'!  "^  -^t  -6" 
naui  calm. 


luxonjaxb  [shtopat^]  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib,  sajuixonaxb  [za- 
shtopat^]  perf  darn,  mend. 

mxonop  [shtopar]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  cork-screw;  2.  av  spin. 

uixopia  [shtora]  /  -bi,  — - 
blind,  curtain;  cnycxHXb  ~bi 
draw  .the  blinds. 

mxopM  [shtorm]  m  -a,  -ob 
(strong)  gale,  storm. 

ujxpa^  [shtraf,  -v]  m  -a, 
-OB  fine,  penalty. 

iiJxpa(j)|oBaxb  [shtrafAvat^] 
imperf  -yK),  -yeuib,  p  -OBaji, 
imp  -yft,  oluixpacpOBaxb 
[AshtrafAvat^l  perf  fine, 
make   (a    person)  pay  a  fine. 

uixyKJa  [shtuka]  /  -h,  — 
1.  piece  (any  single  thing); 
AecHTb  ~  nanHpoc  ten  ciga- 
rettes; 2.  c.-)/ thing  (an  object 
or  phenomenon);  mto  sto  aa 
—a?  what  sort  of  thing  is 
this?;  3.  col  trick,  ruse;  prank; 
<>  BOX  xaK  ~a!  col  that's  a 
nice  thing!;  b  x6m-xo  h  ~a! 
col  that's  just  the  point! 

uixyKaxyp  [sht-ukAtur]  m 
-a,  -OB  plasterer,  pargeter. 

iiixyKaxypJHXb  [shtukAtu- 
r^it**]  imperf  -k),  -Hiiib,  p 
-HJi,  imp  -b,  oimxyKaxypHXb 
[AshtukAtur''it''j  perf  plaster, 
parget. 

ujxypM  [shturm]  m  -a,  -ob 
assault,  storm;  6paxb  — om 
capture  by  storm. 

mxypMan  [shturmsnl  m  -a, 
-OB  naut,  av  navigator,  nav- 
igation officer. 

luxypMloeaxb  [shturmAvat*] 
imperf  -yio,  yeuib,  p  -obslji, 
imp  -yft  storm,  assault. 


539  — 


mea 


lUTbiK  [shtik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-pB  bayonet. 

luySja  [shuba]  /  -bi,  ~  fur 
coat. 

uiyM  [shum]  m  -a  (-y),  -ob 
noise;  hubbub,  uproar; 
<>  --  B  ymax  buzzing  in  the 
ears;  Haflejiaxb  -—y  cause  a 
sensation;  MHoro  ~a  h3  hh- 
Hcro  much  ado  about  noth- 
ing. 

myMJeTb  [shum^et^]  i/72p(?r/ 
-jiK),    -Huib,    p    -eji,    imp    -H 

1.  make    a  noise,    be   noisy; 

2.  col  kick  up  a  row. 
luyMHlbiH  [shumniy]  a  shf 

iiiyMeH,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  noisy; 
loud,  tumultuous;  2.:  — biH 
ycnex  sensational  success. 

uiypmlaTb  [shurshat^]  im- 
perf  -y,  -riuib,  p  -aji,  imp 
-H  rustle  {of  leaves,  silk,  etc); 
--aTb  6yMaroH  rustle  papers. 

iiiyT|HTb  [shut^it^]  imperf 
uiyMy,  iiiyTHmb,  p  -hji,  imp 
-H,  nojmyTHTb  [pashut^it^] 
pert  1-    joke,  jest;  ^HTb  HaA 


KCM-Ji.    make    fun    of    smb; 
2.     {no    perf)     trifle     {with), 
play  (zai/M);    3THM    He  luyiHT 
don't  trifle  with  this. 
iiiyTjKa  [shutka]  /  -kh,  -ok 

1.  joke,  jest;  oTAejiMBaxbCH 
-^-KaMH  OT  qero-Ji.  laugh 
smth  off;  eiviy  He  ao  —ok  he 
is     in     no     laughing     mood; 

2.  trick,  prank;  practical 
joke; 

<>  3T0  He  ~Ka  it  is  no  joke; 
~K.H  B  CTOpGHy  col  joking 
apart;  ne  na  ~Ky  paccep- 
flHTbcfl  be  very  angry;  c  hhm 
~KM  njioxH  he  is  not  to  be 
trifled  with;  he  is  a  danger- 
ous customer;  — Ka  jih  CKasarb 
^  it's  not  so  easy. 

mypH  [shut^a]  adv  1.  easi- 
ly, without  an  effort;  2.  in 
jest,  for  fun. 

uiyny  [shuch^u]  seemyxmh. 

luxyHJa  [shkhuna]  /  -u,  — 
naut  schooner. 

uibK)  [shyu],  uibeuib 
[shyosh,  -zh]  see  lUHTb. 


m 


maBCJilb  [sh^:i^v^eP]  m  -h 
bat  sorrel. 

ii;aA|HTb  [sh^ii^d^it^]  im- 
perf maxcy,  -Huib,  p  -HJi, 
imp  -H,  noimaAHTb  [pash^ii^- 
d^'it^]  perf  spare  {oneself, 
smb's  life,  etc). 

lUeeeTJaTb  [sh^'.ib^i^tat^] 
imperf  u\e6eny,  me6eqeuib, 
p  -aji,  imp  me6eHH  1.  twit- 
ter, chirp;  2.  /<^  col  chatter, 
prattle. 


merojibHyxb  see  merojiHTb  2. 

merojiJHTb  [sh^:igAl^at^] 
imperf  -hk),  -nemb,  merojib- 
H|yTb  [sh^:igAPnut^l  perf  -y, 
-euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -A  col  1.  {no 
perf)  be  a  dandy;  ~HTb 
B  HOBOM  najibTo  sport  a  new 
coat;  2.  fig  show  off,  pa- 
rade; make  a  show  {of). 

meApibiH  [sh^:edriy]  a  sh 
f  ~,  -a,  -0,  -bi  generous, 
liberal;    lavish    {gitts^    etc); 


m,evi 


540  — 


—OH  pyKOH  lavishly,  unstint- 
ingly. 

meii  [sh^:ey]  see  mH. 

meK|a  [sh^:i^ka]  /  -h,  ace 
meny,  pi  mcKH,  meK,  -aM 
cheek  (of  the  face). 

meKOTJaTb  [sh'^iikAtat^]  im- 
perf  meKo^iy,  meKoqeiub,  p 
-aji,  imp  meKOHH,  no;m,e- 
Koxaxb     [p9sh^:ikAtat^]     perf 

1.  tickle  {also  fig);  2.  im- 
pers:  b  Hocy  meKoyex  my 
nose  tickles. 

mejiKJaxb  [sh^-.olkat^]  im- 
perf  -aK),  -aeiiib,  mejiKH|yTb 
[sh^:61knut^]  perf  -y,  -euib, 
p  -yji,  imp  -H  1.  flick,  fillip; 
mejiKHyxb  Koro-Ji.  no  HOcy 
give  smb  a  fillip  on  the 
nose;  2.  crack,  click,  snap; 
chatter  {of  the  teeth);  —axb 
HSbiKOM  click  the  tongue; 
~axb  opexH  crack  nuts. 

mejiMJOK  [sh^:i*''lch*'6k,  -g] 
m  -Ka,  -KOB    1.    flick,  fillip; 

2.  click,  crack,  snap;  3.  fig 
col  slight,  snub. 

mejijb    [sh^:eP]    /    -h,   -ch 

1.  chink,    crack;    slit,    slot; 

2.  mil  slit  trench. 

ii;eH|6K  [sh^;i^n6k,  -g]  m 
-Ka,  -KOB  puppy,  pup;  whelp, 
cub. 

u;enexHJibH|biH  [sh^:ip^i^- 
t^'il^niy]  a  sh  f  menexHJieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  overscrupulous, 
punctilious. 

iu,en|Ka   [sh^:epk9]    /    -kh, 
-OK  chip,  sliver,  splinter; 
<*  xyfloif  KSLK  --Ka  thin  as  a 
lath. 

in;exMHla  [sh':i*t**in9]  /  -bi 
bristle. 

ii^eT|Ka    [sh^:(5tk9l   /    -kh, 


-OK  brush  {of  bristle,  wire, 
etc);  nojioBan  — Ka  broom 
{for  sweeping). 

um  [sh^:i]  pi  men,  maM, 
mH,  maMH,  (o)  max  shchi 
{cabbage  soup);  CBCJKHe  mn 
cabbage  soup;  KHCJibie  uxn 
sauerkraut  soup;  aejienbie  uxu 
sorrel  soup. 

mHn|axb  [sh^:ipat^]  imperf 
-JiK),  inHRJieiiib,  p  -aji,  imp 
-jiH,  iu,HnH|yxb  [sh^iipnuf^l 
perf  -y,  -euib,  p  -yji,  imp  -h 
1.  pinch,  nip,  tweak;  2.  {no 
perf)  bite  {of-  the  frost,  etc); 
AbiM  mnnjiex  rjiaaa  the  smoke 
makes  the  eyes  smart;  3.  {no 
perf)  browse,  nibble  {grass, 
etc);  pluck  {a  goose,  etc). 

ii],Hn|axbC5i  [sh^:ipattj9] 
imperf  -jiibcb,  mnnjieiubCH,  p 
-ajiCH,  -ajiacb,  imp  -jiHCb, 
-jiHxecb  col  pinch,  nip;  pinch 
each  other. 

u^Hnnyxb  see  mnnaxb  1. 

mHnu|bi  [sh^:iptst]  pi  -6b 
tongs;  pincers;  --bi  a^h  aa- 
bhbkh  curling-irons;  XHpyp- 
rriqecKHe  ~bi  forceps. 

lUHx  [sh^:it,  -d]  m  -a,  -6b 
1.  shield;  2.  technol  panel, 
board;  pacnpeAeJiHxejibHbifl  — 
switchboard; 

<>  noAHnxb  Ha  --  ^  laud  to 
the  skies,  make  a  hero  of, 
make  much  of. 

myKJa  [sh^:uk9]  /  -h,  ^ 
pike  (a  fish). 

iu,yn|axb  [sh'':up9t'']  imperf 
-aK),  -aeuib,  no;iu,ynaxb  [pA- 
sh^iup^t'']  perf  feel,  touch 
{for  examination). 

ii^yp|HXb  [sh'':ur^it^l  im- 
perl    -K),    -HiiJb,    p    -HJi,   imp 


541  — 


3K0 


-b,    coimypHTb    [sAsh^:ur^it^] 
perf'.    — 'HTb    rjiaaa   screw  up 
one's  eyes. 
myplHTbcsi       [sh':ur'itts9] 


imperf  -locb,  -HuibCH,  p  -hji- 
CH,  -HJiacb,  imp  -bCH,  -bxecb, 
coimypHTbCM  [sAsh^:ur^itts8] 
perf  screw  up  one's  eyes. 


SBaKyauHJfl  [evakuatsiya]  / 
-H  evacuation  {of  troops, 
civilians,  etc). 

3BaKyHp|oBaTb  [evakuira- 
vat'']  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeiub,  p  -oBaji,  imp  -yfi 
evacuate  {troops,  civilians, 
etc). 

9B0JiK)i;H',fl  [evAPutjtya]  / 
-H,  -H  evolution  {gradual 
development). 

9roH3M  [egAizm]  m  -a 
ego'sm,  selfishness. 

aroHCT  [egAist,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  egoist,  selfish  person. 

9H  [ey]  int  col  {impolite) 
hi!,  hey!,  I  say. 

aKBaxop  [ekvatar]  m  '  -a, 
-OB  geog  equator. 

sKsaMCH  [egzam^in]  m  -a, 
-OB  examination,  test;  Bcxy- 
HHTejibRbiH  '—  entrance  ex- 
amination; BunycKHOH  —  fi- 
nal(s);  -^  Ha  axTecTax  ape- 
jiocxH  examination  for  the 
school- leaving  certificate; 
npHHHMaxb  --'bi  give  exami- 
nations. 

SKsaMeHJoBaxb  [egzam^i- 
nAvat^]  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -oBaji,  imp  -yft,  npojaKsa- 
MCHOBaxb  [praegzam^mAvat*'] 
perf  examine  (a  student). 

3K3eMnjiflp  [egzempPar]  m 
-a,    -OB  1.    copy   {of  a  book, 


etc);  B  AByx  ~ax  in  dupli- 
cate; 2.  specimen  (o/ an  msec^, 
etc). 

3KHna«  I  [ek^ipash,  -zh]  m 
-a,  -eft  carriage,  equipage. 

3KHnaiK  II  [ek^ipash,  -zh] 
m  -a,  -eft  crew  {of  a  ship, 
etc). 

3KOH6MHK|a  [ekAndm^ika]  / 
-H  1.  economic  structure; 
economy  {of  socialism,  etc); 
2.  economics. 

3KOH6M|HXb  [ekAnom^it^] 
imperf  -Jiio,  -Huib,  p  -hji, 
imp  -b,  c':3KOH6MHXb  [sekA- 
nom^it'']  perf  1.  economize, 
use  sparingly;  2.  economize 
{on),  save  {on);  3.  {no  perf) 
economize,  be  economical; 
cut  down  expenses. 

3K0H0MHHecK|HH  [ekanAm^i- 
ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
economic. 

3K0H0MHHH|bIH  [ekSHA- 

m^ich^niy]  a  aKOHOMH^eH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  economical  {machine, 
etc). 

3KOH6MH|f!  [ekAnom^iya]  / 
-H  economy,  parsimony,  sav- 
ing; co6jiK)Aaxb  —  K)  econo- 
mize; be  economical;  m^  —h 
BpeMCHH  [Aener  u  m.  n.]  to 
save  time  [money,  etc];  6opb- 
6a  /  ABH»eHHe  3a  ~K)  econo- 
my drive; 


dKO 


542  -^ 


<>  nojiHTMHecKan  ~Ji  politi- 
cal economy. 

9KOH6MH|biH  [ekAnomnty] 
a  sh  f  SKOHOMCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
economical;  thrifty    {person). 

3KpaH  [ekran]  m  -a,  -ob 
(cinema)  screen. 

SKCKaeaTop  [ekskAvatar]  m 
-a,  -OB  technol  excavator; 
iiiaraiomHH  —  walking  exca- 
vator. 

3KCKypcHjji  [ekskurs^iys]  / 
-H,  -H  1.  excursion;  trip, 
outing;  2.  party  of  excur- 
sionists. 

SKcneflHUHiJi  [eksp^i^d'^i- 
tjiya]  /  -H,  -H  1.  expedition; 
cnacaxejibHan  ^-h  rescue 
party;   2.   dispatch  office. 

SKcnepMMeHT  [eksp^'ir^'i- 
m''ent,  -d]  m  -a,  -oe  experi- 
ment. 

3KcnepT  [eksp^'ert,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  expert,  specialist. 

3KcnepTH3|a  [eksp^i^rt^iza] 
/  -bi,  — '  1.  examination,  min- 
ute inspection  [by  experts); 
2.  commission  of  experts. 

3KcnjiyaTai;H  I  SI  [ekspluAta- 
tsiya]  /  -H  1.  exploitation 
{of  people)',  2.  exploitation 
\of  a  coal-mine,  etc);  opera- 
tion, running;  maintenance 
{of  a  building,  etc). 

3KcnjiyaTHp{0BaTb  [eksplu- 
Af'iravat^l  imperf  -yio,  -yeuib, 
p  -oBaji,  imp  -yft  1.  exploit 
{people)',  2.  exploit  {a  coal- 
■mine,  etc)',  operate,  run. 

SKcnoHar  [ekspAnat,  -d]  m 
-a,  -03  exhibit  {in  a  museum, 
etc), 

SKcnopT  [ekspart,  -d]  m  -a 
econ  export;  exports. 


3KcnopTHp|oBaTb  [ekspAr- 
t^iravat**]  perf  &  imperf 
-yio,  -yeiub,  p  -OBaji,  imp 
-yft  econ  export. 

SKcnpecc  [ekspr^'es,  -z]  m 
-a,  -OB  express  (train). 

SKcnpOMTOM  [ekspromtam] 
adv  impromtu,  extempore. 

3KCTpeHHJbiH  [ekstr^'miy] 
a  sh  f   SKCipeH,    -a,    -o,    -bi 

1.  special,  exceptional,  ex- 
traordinary; ~biH  Bb'mycK 
special  edition;  2.  urgent. 

sjieraHTHlbiH  fePi^gantnty] 
a  sh  f  ajieraHTCH,  -a,  -o,  -bi 
elegant,  smart. 

3jieKTpH()}HKauH|si  [ePik- 
tr^if^ikatjtya]  /  -h  electrifi- 
cation. 

3jieKTpH4)H^HploBaTb  [el^'ik- 
tr^'if'it^lravat'']  perf  &  im- 
perf -yR),  -yeuib,  p  -oBaji, 
imp  -yH  electrify  {railways, 
etc). 

sjieKxpHHecKlHH  [ePi^ktr^'i- 
ch''isk*'iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
electric(al). 

3jieKTpMMecTBlo  [ePi^ktr^i- 
ch^'istva]  n  -a  1.   electricity; 

2.  electric  light. 
ajieKxpo...    first  element  of 

compounds  pertaining  to  'elec- 
tricity': BJieKipoannapaxypa 
[ePektrAAparAtura]  electrical 
equipment;  electrical  appli- 
ances; 3JieKxpon6e3A  [el^ektra- 
poyast,  -zd]  electric  train; 
sjieKxpoAHHaMHKa  [ePektra- 
d^inam^ika]  electrodynamics; 
sjieKxpoxexHHK  [el^'iktrA- 

t''ekhn''ik,  -g]  electrician. 

3jieKxpocxaHUH|fl  [el''iktrA- 
stantstya]  /  -h,  -h-  electric 
power-station. 


543  — 


9Ta 


ajicMCHT  [el^i^m^ent,  -d]  m 
■ -a,  pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  element  {of 
a  larger  whole);  2.  pi  ele- 
ments (o/  learning,  etc); 
3,  chem  element;  electr  cell; 
rajibBaHiiqecKHH  ~-  galvanic 
pile. 

ajieMCHTapHibiH  [ePim^i^n- 
tarniy]  a  sh  f  sjieMeHxapeH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  elementary  (also  fig). 

SMajiMpoeaHHlbiH  [emaPi- 
r6v9nly]  a  [pa]  enamelled; 
enamel  (attr). 

3Maji|b  [emal^]  /  -h,  -ch 
■enamel. 

3M6jieM!a  [embPema]  /  -bi, 
'—  emblem. 

3MHrpaHT  [em^igrant,  -d]  m 
-a,  -OB  emigrant. 

aMHrpHplOBaxb  [em^igr^ira- 
vat^]  perf  &  imperf  -yio, 
-yeuib,  p  -oBaJi,  imp  -yfi  emi- 
grate. 

3M0UH0HajibH|uH  [emstjiA- 
nal^niy]  a  sh  /sMouHonajieH, 
-a,  -o,  -bi  emotional. 

3HeprHHH|biH  [energ^ich''- 
niy]  a  sh  f  SHepriiqeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  energetic;  ~bie  Mepbi 
drastic  measures. 

3HeprHiji  [energ^iya]  /  -h 
energy;  lenjioBan  ~h  thermal 
energy;  H^HSHeHHaH  ~h  vital 
energy. 

SHxysHasM  [entuz^iazm]  m 
-a  enthusiasm. 

3Hi;HKjioneAHHecK|HH  [en- 
tsiklap^iM^ich^isk'^iy]  a -aa , 
-oe,  -He  encyclopaedic. 

3HUHKJioneAH|5i  [entjiklA- 
p^ed^iya]  /  -h,  -h  encyclo- 
paedia; 

<>  xoAflHan  -—H   col   walking 
dictionary. 


3nHAeMHifl  [ep^id^em'Mya] 
/  -H,  -H    epidemic  [also  fig). 

3nH36A  [ep^izot,  -d]  m  -a, 
-OB  episode. 

annjioT  [ep'^ilok,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  epilogue. 

3n6x|a  [epokha]  /  -h,  ~ 
epoch;  age,   era. 

spa  [era]  f  spbi,  sp  era; 
Ao  HameH  spbi  B.C.;  Hamefi 
apbi  A.D. 

spyflHUHJH  [erud^it^iya]  / 
-H  erudition,  learning. 

scKaAPla  [eskadra]  /  -bi,  -^ 
naut  squadron. 

3CKaApHJilbji  [eskAdr^il^ya] 
/  -bH,   -HH  (air)  squadron. 

3CKaflp6H  [eskAdron]  m  -a, 
-OB  cavalry  squadron. 

scKajiarop  [eskAlatar]  m 
-a,  -oB  escalator,  moving 
staircase. 

3CKH3  fesk^is,  -z]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  sketch,  study  {in  paint- 
ing); 2.  draft  (of  smth  to  be 
constructed). 

3CTa(|)eT!a  [estAf^eta]  /  -bi, 
—  sport  relay-race;  nepeAaib 
--y  pass  the  baton. 

scTeTHHecKJHM  [cstet^ich^i- 
sk^iy]  a  -aH,  -oe,  -He  aes- 
thetic(al). 

scTOHJei;  [eston^its,  -dzj  m 
-ua,  -ueB  Estonian. 

3ct6hck|hh  [estensk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Estonian. 

3CTpaA|a  [estrada]  /  -bi,  — 
1.  stage,  platform;  2.  variety 
(art). 

3CTpaAHbiH  [estradniy]  a  va- 
riety {attr),  vaudeville  (attr) 

3Ta      [eta]      pron    f   3toh, 

3T0H,     Biy,      3T0H,     (o6)      3T0H 

see  3T0T. 


9Ta 


—  544 


9Ta)K  [etash,  -zh]  m  -a,  -eft 
floor,  storey. 

arawepiKa  [etAzherka] /-kh, 
-OK  bookstand;  what-not. 

aran  [etap,  -b]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  stage,  phase;  2.  sport  lap. 

3TM  [et^i]  pron  pi  -x,  -m, 
~  (-X),     -MH,     (o6)    -X    see 

3T0T. 

3THKla  [et^ika]  /  -h  ethics. 

STHKerlKa  [et^ik^etka]  / 
•^KH,  -OK  label  (on  a  bottle, 
etc). 

axHM    [et^im]     I    instr   of 
3T0T  &  3T0  II;  see  stot; 
II  dat  of  3th;  see  stot. 

aTHMH  {et^im^'lj  instr  of 
9th;  see  stot. 

3THM0Ji6rHlH  [et^imAlo- 
g^iya]  /  -h  etymology. 

axHx  [et^ikh,  -gh]  gen,  ace 
&  pr  of  3th;  see  stot. 

aio  I  [eta]  part  1.  used 
with    the   predicate:    BocKpe- 

ceHbe BbixoAHOH     AeHb 

Sunday  is  a  day  off;  ^cth  — 
—  name  6yAymee  children 
are  our  future;  2.  intens  col. 
mo  —  c  BaMH?  what  is  the 
matter  with  you?;  r^e  —  bu 
6biJiH?  where  have  you  been? 

3T0  II    [eta]    pron   n    -ro, 

-My,    --    (-ro),     9THM,     (o6)     -M 

see  §TOT. 

3Toro  [etava]  gen  &  ace  of 
3T0T,  gen  of  310  II;  see  stot. 

aioH  [etay]  gen,  dat,  instr 
&  pr  of  3Ta;  see  stot. 

3T0M  [etam]  pr  of  stot    & 

3T0    II;    5ee  3T0T. 

axoMy  [etamu]  dat  of  stot 
&  3T0  II;  see  stot. 

aToJT  [etat,  -d]  I  pron  dem 
m  -ro,   -My,    -t   (-ro),   sthm, 


(o6)    -M,    3Ta   /,    3T0   n,    3TH  pi 

this;  ~T  CTOJi  this  table; 
9Ta  Baaa  this  vase;  ~-  okho 
this  window;  sth  .aioAH  these 
people; 

II  as  a  noun  axo  n  -ro  this, 
these;  that,  those;  it;  mto  ~? 
what  is  this?,  what  is  that?, 
what  is  it?;  -~  KHHra  this  is 
a  book;  that  is  a  book;  it  is 
a  book;  --  khhfh  these  are 
books;  those  are  books;  h  -'TO 
He  BHAeji  I  didn't  see  it;  oh 
—My  He  BepHT  he  doesn't  be- 
lieve it /that;  c  sthm  with 
it  /  that;  o6  ~m  about  it  /  that. 
3Ty    [etu]    ace    of  sia;  see 

3T0T. 

3TK)A  [et^ut,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
1.  sketch  (m  painting)',  2.  mus 
etude,  exercise. 

3(|)H6n  [ef^iop,  -b]  m  -a, 
-OB  Ethiopian  (a  native  of 
Ethiopia). 

3(t)H6ncKlHH  [ef^iopsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Ethiopian  {per- 
taining to  Ethiopia). 

34)Hp  [ef^ir]  m  -a  1.  ether 
{upper  regions  of  space);  nepe- 
AasaTb  B  -~-  broadcast;  b  ~e 
on  the  air  {of  a  wireless  broad- 
cast)', 2.  {pi  -bi,  -ob)  chem  ether. 

3(J)(|)eKT  [ef'ekt,  -gd]  m  -a, 
pi  -bi,  -OB  1.  effect;  2.  {most- 
ly pi)  theat  effects. 

a4)4)eKTHBH|biH  [ef'i^kt^iv- 
niy]  a  sh  f  34)4)eKTHBeH,  -a, 
-o,  -bi  effective,  efficacious, 
effectual. 

3X0  [ekha]  n  axa  echo. 

aiiiejiOH  [eshi^lon]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  mil  line,  wave,  eche- 
lon; 2.  rly  train;  BOHHCKHft 
-^  trcop-train. 


545  — 


K) 


loSHJielfi  [yub^iPey]  m  -h, 
-eB  anniversary;  jubilee;  ot- 
MCMaTb  ~H  celebrate  an  anni- 
versary . 

io6K|a  [yupka]  /  -h,  k)6ok 
skirt  {a  garment);  hhjkhhh 
^a  petticoat. 

lOBejiHpHlbiH  [yuv^i^l^irniy] 
a  1.  jewelry  (attr)',  -— bifi 
MarasHH  jeweller's;  ^bie  h3- 
AejiHfl  jewelry;  2.  fig  fine, 
minute;  '— an  paSoxa  1)  subtle 
workmanship;  2)  fine  piece 
of  work. 

lor  [yuk,  -g]  m  ibra  south; 
K  ibry  OT...  to  the  south  of...; 
Ha  ibre  in  the  south;  na  lor 
south-war d(s);  noexaxb  na  lor 
go  south. 

iorocjiaBCK|HH  [yugAslaf- 
sk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He  Yugo- 
slav(ian). 

ib)KHbiH  [yuzhniy]  a  south 
(attr),  southern;  caMbifl  ~  the 
southernmost. 

lOMop  [yumar]  m  -a  hu- 
mour. 

iOMOpHCTHMecK|Hfi  [yum9- 
r^is^t^'ich^isk^'iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He  humorous,  comic. 


ibHrja  [yunga]  m  -h,  — 
ship's  boy,  cabin-boy. 

ibHOCT|b  [yunas^t^,  -z^d^] 
/  -h  youth,  adolescence. 

fOHOuija  [yunasha]  m  -h, 
-eft  youth,  young  man. 

lOHbiH  [yuniy]  a  sh  f  kdh, 
K)Ha  K)Ho,  lOHbi  young,  youth- 
ful; lOHbie  roAW  the  green 
years. 

ropHAHHecKJHH  [yur^id^i- 
ch^isk^iy]  a  -an,  -oe,  -He 
juridical;  legal;  — -hh  (|)aKyjib- 
xei  department  of  law; 
<>  ^aH  KOHcyjibTauHH  legal 
consultation  office. 

lopHCKOHcyjibT  [yur^iskon- 
sul^t,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob  legal 
adviser,  jurist. 

lopHCT  [yur^ist,  -zd]  m  -a, 
-OB  lawyer;  npo4)eccHH  —a 
legal  profession. 

K)cthi;h|si  [yus^t^itsiya]  / 
-h  justice  {1)  administration 
of  law,  2)  law-courts  as  a 
whole). 

K)TH|TbC5i  [yut^ittsa]  im- 
perf  loqycb,  -uibCH,  p  -jich, 
-jiacb,  imp  -Cb,  -Tecb  be 
cooped  up. 


51 


51  lya]  I  pron  pers  sing 
Isf  person  mchh,  MHe,  Menn, 
MHofl  (mhok)),  (o6o)  mhc  I; 
51  saHHT  I'm  busy;  Menn 
He  6biJio  j\6ua  I  wasn't  in; 
Mbi    saHHMajiHCb    y   Mena    we 


studied  at  my  place;  y  mchh 
Hex  KapaHAama  I  have  no 
pencil;  mhc  xojioaho  I'm  cold; 
xbi  MeHH  BHAeJi?  did  you  see 
me?;  oh  6biJi  co  mhoh  he  was 
with  me;  o6o  mhc  about  me; 


fi6jf 


-^  546 


II  as  a  noun  n  fndecl  (the) 
ego,  (the)  I; 

<>  fl  6yAy  He  n,  ecjiH...  col 
my  name  is  not...    if  I... 

fl6jiOK|o  [yabbkaj  n  -a,  pi 
-H,  — ,  -aM  apple  (fruit); 
<>  rjiasKoe  ~o  anat  eye- 
ball; ~^o  pasAopa  apple  of 
discord. 

n6jioH|si  [yabbn^'a]  f  -h, 
-b  apple-tree. 

SIBMTbC}]    see   HBJIHTbCH. 

nBK|a  [yafka]  /  -h,  pi  -h, 
HBOK  1,  presence,  attendance; 
2.  secret  address. 

flBjieHHJe  [yi^vl^en^iya]  n 
-H,  -H  1.  phenomenon;  occur- 
rence; 2.  theat  scene. 

siBjiibcb  [yi^vl^'us^,  -z^]  Jst 
person    of    HBHTb^iH;    see    hb- 

JIHTbCH. 

$i3jifl|Tbc^  [yi^vPatt^a]  im- 
perf  -K)Cb,  -euibCH,  p  -jich, 
-Jiacb,  imp  -HCH,  -HTecb, 
siBH|TbC5i      [yi^v**ittj9]     perf 

HBJIKDCb,      HBHUIbCH,       p       -JICH, 

-jiacb,  imp  -Cb,  -Tecb  1.  ap- 
pear, present  oneself;  come, 
arrive;  ~TbC5i  Ha  pa66Ty  re- 
port for  work;  HBHTbCH  c  no- 
BHHHefi  law  give  oneself  up; 
2.  be,  turn  out  to  be;  sto 
'— eicH  AOKaaaiejibCTBOM  ero 
BHHbi  it  is  proof  of  his  guilt. 

RBHbiH  [yavniy]  a  evident, 
obvious;  visible. 

flBOK  [yavak,  -g]  see   HBKa. 

nroAJa    [yagada]    /    -u,    ~ 
berry  (small  fruit); 
<>  Hauaero  nojin    —a   col    ^ 
one  of  our  kind. 

siA  [yat,  -d]  m  HAa  (n^y), 
HAOB  poison  (also  fig). 

BACp  [yad^'ir]  see  HApo. 


flAepHwii  [yad'irnty]  a  nu- 
clear. 

MAOBHTlbiH  [yidAv^itty]  a 
sh  f  -^,  -a,  -o,  -u  1.  poison- 
ous; toxic;  2.  //^  poisonous, 
venomous. 

HApjo  [yi^dro]  n  -a,  pi 
HApa,  HAep  1.  kernel  (also 
fig);  nucleus;  2.  spor^  shot; 
TojiKaTb  ~6  put  the  shot; 
3.  shot,  (canon -)ball. 

HSBJa  [yazva]  /  -bi,  ---  ul- 
cer, sore  (also  fig). 

ji3BHTejibHlbiH  [yi^z^'v^i- 
t^il^niy]  a  sh  f  asBHTejieH, 
-a,-o,  -M  caustic,  biting,  spite- 
ful. 

ji3biK  [yi^zlk,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  anat  tongue  (also  fig); 
2.  tongue  (food);  3.  language, 
tongue;  4.  mil  col  identifi- 
cation prisoner; 
<>  y  Hero  ^  oth^jicsi  his 
tongue  failed  him;  y  Hero  ^ 
xopouio  noABeuieH  col  ^  he 
has  a  ready  tongue;  y  Hero 
-^  He  noBepHCTcn  cKasarb 
8T0  ^  he  won't  have  the 
heart  to  say  it;  y  Hero  -^ 
Meuiercji  cKasarb  axo  col  he 
is  itching  to  say  it;  aro  cjiobo 
BepTHTGJi  y  MCHfl  Ha  ~ c  col 
the  word  is  on  the  tip  of  my 
tongue. 

fl3WK03HaHHle  [yizikAzna- 
n^iya]  n  -h  linguistics. 

jiHHHHula  [yi^ishn^itja]  / 
-bi,  -—  omelette;  fried  eggs; 
scrambled  eggs. 

jiHUlo  [yi*-'ytj6]  n  -a,  pi 
HHua,  5IHU,,  HHuaM  egg;  biol 
ovum;  ^6  BCMHXKy  soft-boil- 
ed egg;  '-o  BRpyryio  Jiard- 
-boiled    egg;     CBapHXb*   ^6 


547 


nii^ii 


BCMHTKy    [BKpyTyio]    boil    an 
egg  lightly  [hard]; 
<>    3T0    BbieACHHoro    ~a    tie 
CTOHT  ^  it    is  not    worth    a 
.    brass  farthing. 

HKo6bi  [yakabi]  cj  &  pari 
allegedly,  supposedly;  as  if, 
as  though. 

SKOplb  [yakar^]  m  -h,  pi  -h, 
-eft  naut,  technol  anchor; 
electr  armature. 

flKyx  [yi^kut,  -d]  m  -a,  -ob 
Yakut. 

HKyxcKJHH  [yi^kutjk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Yakut. 

«Ma   [yama]  /  hmh,  hm  pit, 
hole;   Bbirpe6HaH  ■—  cesspool; 
Mycopnasi  -~  refuse  pit; 
<>  B03AyiiiHa5i  —^   air-pocket. 

5iHBap|b  [yi^nvar^]  m  -h 
January. 

flHxaplb  [yi^ntar^]  m  -h 
amber. 

sin6H|eu  [yi^pon^itj,  -dz] 
m  -ua,  -ueB  Japanese. 

5in6HCK|HH  [yi'^ponsk^iy]  a 
-an,  -oe,  -He  Japanese. 

flpK|HH  [yark'^iy]  a  -an,  -oe, 
-He;  sh  f  HpoK,  -a,  -o,  -h  1. 
bright  (light,  etc);  — nftoroHL 
blazing  fire;  2.  fig  striking, 
graphic  {example,  etc);  bril- 
liant (talent,  etc);  —an  Jinq- 
HocTb  brilliant  person. 

npjibiK  fyi^rllk,  -q]  m  -a, 
•OB  label;  tag;  npHKjieHXb  — 
label  {also  fig). 

MpMapJKa  [yarmarka]  /  -kh, 
•      -OK  fair,  market. 

apM|6  [yi^rmo]  n  -a  yoke 
{also  fig). 


flpoBlbie  [yirAVi'ya]  pi  -bix 
spring  crops. 

jipOK  [yarak,    g]  see  npKHH. 

flpocxH|wH  [yarasniy]  a 
sh  f  jipocxeH,  -a,  -o,  -bi  furi- 
ous, violent,  fierce. 

npocxlb  [yaras^t^,  -z^d^]  / 
-H  fury,  rage;  npHHXH  b  --b 
fly  into  a  rage;  npHBecxH  e 
—  b  infuriate;  bhc  ce6H  ox 
~H  beside  oneself  with  rage. 

flpyc  [yarus,  -z]  m  -a,  -oe 
theat  circle;  tier. 

jip4e  [y archil]  comp  of  Hp- 
KHH  &  corresp    adv. 

MCCH   [yas^m]  see  hchhh. 

flCjilH  [yas^l^i]  pi  eft  I. 
manger,  trough;  2.  creche, 
(day)  nursery. 

ncH|biH  [yasniy]  a  sh  f 
Hcen,  -a,  -o,  -bi  (-bi)  clear  (/) 
sky,  etc;  2)  idea,  etc);  distinct 
{writing,  etc);  serene  {smile, 
etc). 

flcxpe6  [yastr^ip,  -b]  m  -a, 
pi  -a  (-bi),  -OB  (-ob)  hawk. 

flxxja  [yakhta]  [  -bi,  — 
yacht. 

nMeHKla  [yi^ch^eyka]  /  -h, 
HMeeK  1.  biol  cell;  2.  cell, 
(small)  group  /  unit. 

flMMeH|b  I  [yi^ch^m^en^]-m 
-H  bot  barley. 

H4MeH|b  II  [yi^ch^m^'en^] 
m  -H,  -eft  sty. 

flmepHi;|a  [yash^:ir^itj9]  / 
-bi,   ~  lizard. 

amHK  [yash^:ik,  -g]  m  -a, 
-OB  1.  box  {of  wood,  etc); 
MycopHHH  ~  dustbin;  2.  draw- 
er {in  a  desk    etc). 


GRAMMAR  TABLES  AND  LISTS  OF  SUFFIXES 


The  Tables  and  Lists  that  follow  present  the  most  important 
grammatical  information  about  Russian  words.  They  are  in- 
tended to  aid  the  user  in  producing  the  correct  Russian  forms 
and  in  analyzing  Russian  forms  into  their  component  parts. 
The  Tables  contain  the  inflectional  paradigms  of  the  major  word 
classes.  The  Lists  of  Suffixes  are  divided  into  two  parts:  The 
first  part  contains  the  inflectional  endings  (case,  gender,  number 
and  person);  the  second  part,  the  most  important  suffixes  used 
in  the  formation  of  Russian  words. 


—  551 


o  tf 


tec   - 


1 

3 
1 

o- 
ca  >.      o\o 

ct!    eg    c\3    CO    TO    o 
CO    CO    CO    CO    CO ' 

X 

eg 

s^cx 

S  §  TO  3  1  o 
ex  ex  ex  ex  ex  TO 
-o  -o  "O  -o  -o  " 
\o  \o  o  vo  \o  ,^ 

eg   eg   eg   TO   TO   o 
CO    CO    CO    CO    CO  ~ 

o- 

W   >>TO  o'S 
ex  ex  o-  d,  a.  * 

t-,     U     C-,     C-,     C_    ^ 

<L)  v(U  ^<D  ^O)  Ml>  •^T' 

35    K    K    K    K  S- 

X 
TO 

s  cx 

«  cQ  s  CO  s.Jn 

i5   O    TO    O   TO^^ 

ci-  cx  ex  cxD,  * 

(-1    U    t-    u    u  , , 

X  X  S  X  x<^ 

In 

c 

1 

1 

^0) 

cx'^ca  ^>>  cx-o  o 
to)  ex  cx:<D  ex  » 

«  «  «  «  «>2. 

H  'TO 

.«    »    ^    -,   1    g' 
'^  -O  -TO  -^  -TO    o 

ci,cx  ex  Ci,  ex  S 
oa  ca  cQ  pa  m  ^ 
o  o  o  o  o  '::^ 

u 
^ 

O    <J    CJ    O    CJ  vS- 

X 
-TO 

'S-g-l'sl  ^^ 

SS2Sgf 

X 

«   OQ   S  „   S  3 
'U3  -O  -TO  -ja  -eg   H 

U    U    U    U    (J  <^ 

•S.§.S.as.e 

o  o  o  o  o  >2. 

X 
JS'TO 

-    CQ    S    CQ    S    5 

cx  cx  cu  cx  a,c?^ 
o  o  o  o  o  ^ 

"to" 

^0) 
-eg  ->,vcg  -.Q    M 

>=;  c^  t^  t^  c^ 
o  o  o  o  o  -^ 
ca  pa  (B  cQ  cQ  >ii. 

X 
^  ^O  .TO  -O  -TO    § 

oa  pa  oa  oa  cQ  3^ 

i  S  «  ^|:s 

—  552  — 


•§ 

-O) 

MS     1  5 

a 

^^ 

K   a;  K  K  K  y 

c 

ja    ►«    J3    J3    J3  ->, 

-TO 

->>       ^C   cj 

y     3-    3-    ff     3<    o 

g 

|3i    -iC 

iil    ^    ^ 

->,^>.->.->,->,^_^ 

s 

>.  >> 

>>  >>  >.'o^ 

CJ    W   CJ    o   o    o 

<J    O 

o    o   u  <> 

»^ 

,— «, 

X 

•5J 

B 

^ 

.^  15 

a 

:;^         s  '>^ 

K    OJ    K    K    K  v>. 

t-. 

TO  "■ 

ja    ^    J3    J3    J3    o 

H    H 

H    H    H    E-    H    ^ 

>.->> 

CX  Q. 

a.  CU  Q.  cx  D--;r- 
c  c  c  c  c  -S 

00 

C    C 

^ 

O) 

X 

c; 

s 

03    S           S    S 

•>^ 

%-o 

C 

;^ 

TO 

>>      o  ct 

a 

s  s 

s  s  s 

c 

O  'O 

§§§§§2 



f=C  t^ 

a> 

X 

Cu 

S  -TO 

s^2 

,-  CD  s  „  s  a. 

u, 

,-»v 

TO 

>>    ©a 

-Q  *0  -TO  'J3  -TO    TO 

TO 

J< 

a,  cu 

Q-CX:^ 

a.  a,  o.  a,  cu  3 

T3 

TO  -TO 

-TO    TO  -TO  - — - 

CU     C^     C^     C^     CO 

i 

3 

a  a 

a  a  a>£- 

a  a  a  a  35: 

CuO 
C 

TO 

X 

.—. 

S'>> 

3 

„    CQ    S    „    S    >. 

(/) 

'^    ^ 

TO 

>.      o  ^ 

J3  -O  -TO    J3  -CO    CO 

VO  VD 

VO  \o  ^  ^^ 

■^ 

VO  VO  VO  VO  VO  ^^ 

>^->. 

->,  >,^>.  o 

a 

^>1  >>  >.->,  >>'3 

— 

en   CO 

CO   en   00  - — ' 

CO  en   CO  00   CO  v_^ 

CQ    S    03    i    i 

S-TO 

K    OJ    K    OJ    K    H 

TO 

>>  TO  o  a. 

>«  :«  >a  aj  2'S 

•" 

TO  -TO 

H    H    H  \o 
-TO  -TO  -TO 

VO  \o  o  .S- 

H    H    H    H    £    O- 
-TO  -TO  -TO  -TO  vM  VO    X 
D-  Q-  CX  a,  Q,^  K 

on 

\o  \o 

VO  VO  \0  VO  VO  ^ 

a. 

X 

a 

S  o 

ffl  S  a  S  §- 

-TO  ^O  -TO  'O  -TO    ^ 

ci-  CU  cx  CL  a,  5 

s 

TO 

>>  TO    O    H 

JC 

a-  a. 

O-  Cl  O-  g 

S 

o  o 

o  o  o  ^o 

O    O    O    O    O    o 

^ 

H    H 

H    H    H    "^ 

H    H    H    H    H    & 

ii  is;  ^  ii  ii  r; 

til  ii 

-i:  ->  ii 

-O'O 

'O  ^O  ^O    o^ 

o  g-  o  o  o'o 

(=(  (=t 

ct  r^  ct^ 

S.^ 

S  'O 

CO    S    CQ    S    ex, 

'So 

TO 

>,TO    O    ^2 

2  '■O  -TO  -O  -TO    o 

CL  Q- 

a-  a,  Q-^ 

CX  Cl,  CU  Q-  a,  Bj 

O'O 

'O  ^o  'O  "3^ 

-o   o   O   O   O  ^_^ 

m  03 

CQ     03     CQ  vi' 

03    03    CQ    ca    CQ    o 

S  c 

-    ;,^-- 

s  c  ■*">  <^  "^  ~-» 

o  ^ 

C3    CJ    t/5  -O 

o  ^  a  CJ  ^  -o 

^o 

Q"^^^ 

:^OQ^-^'^ 

—  553  — 


C/5 


.E 
•3 

c 


eg  >,  C3  o  ^05 
K  a  K  «  K  m 
S  s  S  S  S  O 
"■K  ^K  ■■«  "Cs  "-d;  '^ 
CO     CO     CO     CO     CO 

O    O    O    O    O  '^ 


eg  ^^  ca  o  K 

a  ffi  K  ffi  E  « 

-s  ^s  ^s  ^s  'S  ex 

K   K    E    K  K  O 

K   «   CR   K  w  m 
CU  O-  CI.  CU  CU  1=^ 

o  o  o  o  o  ^_ 

ca  Ba  cQ  aa  03  ^ 


C3    >>  eg    O 


s  s  5  s  s  ^2 

K  K    K  K    K    H 

vK  -R  ^R  ^K  -R    u 

►Q  ja    gQ  J3    J3    OJ 

t-  H    H  t-    H    Oh 

CJ  O    O  O    U    scj 

O)  O)    OJ  <D    OJ 
CL  CU  CU  CI,  d,-^ 


eg    >>  eg  O    E 

K    E   E   K  K   eg 
^S  ^S  ^S  ^S  ^S   i< 

E    E    E    E  E    « 

S  S  S  2-  S- «« 

tt  t<  f=i  t=L  1=1  Cl 

^    ^    ^    ^  ^    S^ 

C^    CQ     C^     CO  CO 


eg  >,  eg  o   3- 

E    S  E    K  E    o 

'S  ^s  ^s  "S  "S  e 
t<  «  c<  t<  tt  o 

o  o  o  o  o  o 

e  c  c  c  c  u 

o  o  o  o  o  ^ 


i  S  «  ^|:s 


eg  eg  eg   ^ 

CQ  03  oa  CQ  CQ    J!^ 

(D  CU  <U  OJ  (D    g 

"K  'K  ^K  ^R  ^R    X 

CO  CO  CO  CO     CO    

O  O  O  O  O  '^ 

X  X  X  X  X  ci- 


eg 

S    E 

O)  eg  eg  CL, 
E  S  E  S  E  O 
'R  ^R  'R  ^R  'R    m 

cx,  o,  cx  a.  ci,  "< 
o  o  o  o  o  ^^ 

CQ    oa    CQ    CQ    CO  '5^ 


X 

eg 

S    E 

S  S^R 

O)         eg         eg   ja 

E    E   S   a   K    .^ 

^R  -R  ^R  ^R  ^R    y 

£    E?    e5    £    £    Oh 
H    H    H    H    H    tT' 

a  u  u  a  cj  * 

<3J    D    QJ    OJ    QJ 

CX  Oh  o-  o-  d.-^ 

W    M    M    «    W  vH- 


X 

eg 

S  E 

S         S  eg 

O)        eg  _  eg  i< 

E    W   E    W   E  ^ 

^eg  ^eg  ^cg  ^cg  »cg  ^_^ 

d.  O-  Oh  Cl,  Oh  O 


s  5: 

S        SO 

^cg       >.cg       '■eg  f^ 

c[  t<  t^  t:t  t=(  O 

O  'O   O  'O   o   P 

c  e  a  c  c  ^ 

CJ    CJ    CJ    CJ    o  ,_. 

o  o  o  o  O  o 


i  § Q  ^|s 

*5«,  r>^  r^  »a<  J~;  'sr 


o   ^   "o   <o 


—  554  — 


c 

o 
x 


Si 

O   tUD 

c 


CM 


^ 

2« 

CO    CO     CO     CO     CO     ^ 

o  o  o  o  o  ,^ 

CQ    CQ    oa    CQ    CQ    o 

X 

«   2         2   f^ 

«    CO    CO    CO     CO     ^ 

S  £  S £  §S 

^R-2^.i| 
2  2  2  2  2^ 

4)    (U    OJ    OJ    CU    O 

CL  o,  Q,  a,  ci.-ii' 

X 

'R 

s  a 
.s  S       S  2 

'S  vot  'R  'S  'R    0) 

K    K    K    I    E    O- 

2  2  2  2  2^ 

u 

X 

OJ 

R 

w 

K    X 

S«2£|^ 

«   2        2   t=( 

S    CD    R    S  "R 

CO 

S55S5°; 

_ 

K    X    X    K    X  'o' 

3 

CO 

Ci£ 

v(L) 

3 

X 

C 

"^ 

^i^ 

-R 

^ 

^^R.2  ja,i  o 

a 

K   K   K   K   ^   ^ 
(3J    Qj    (jj    D    QJ    * 

^ 

c/D 

1  Isli  ^ 
s  s  s  s  s  -r^ 

c 

«  «  «  «  « >S- 

u  cj  a  o  u 

S    S    S    S    S  "3^ 

«  «  «  «  «  ^ 

C3 

.^-v 

C 

XJ 

^  -R  -2    JD  ID    CL 

X 
,S   S         2   ^ 

'S  vO)  -R  -S  'K    CL. 

t?  t?   t;   c;   C5 

c-   c;   r-   c-   c:   '^ 

>^  >>  >>  >.  >,'r- 

a,  cx  o-  Q,  CL-S 

a-  CL  a.  Oh  D->ii- 

X 

f. 

^2i 

'R 

-§ 

K 

s  « 

J5  -R  -2  'R  lOJ    O 

i=(  t<  ti  fct  ef  m 

«  S  ,a  2  ^ 

_e 

'co' 

■•S  »<U  '■R  ^0)  '■K    O 

K  ei  X  Pt  c=C  m 

c 

S  S  ^  ^  ^ 

S   ^  S   i^  ^_ 

-t: 

o  o  o  o  o  -Q- 

CO    CQ    CQ    CQ    CQ  w' 

O    O    O    O   O  'o' 

oa  CQ  CQ  CQ  pa  -c- 

o  S  a  ^  gS 

555  ^ 


a. 
a; 

•5  C 


^  IS 


^ 


3 

c  :r 
S.5 

_  «j 


c  c 


3 
O 
C 

<u 

c 


X 

<v 

=■§ 

^ 

Ji    R    2    J3    S    C 

c  e  G  c  e  ,^ 

«  s      so 

-R  vO)  'R  'R  -R     a 

C3  c  a  a  c  ..^^ 

^ 

aS 

o     2  3 

»a  S       S  « 

<u 

ja  R  a  ja  o)  ^ca 

a  a;  K  a  R  ^f3 

-K» 

c^   «^   t;   c-   t-    H 

^-  isi  «  t<:  «  « 

'C^  >-ca  -ca  -ca  '■03    OJ 

c;  "^  «^  c-  c^  H 
fcS   «   tii   «   «   » 
^ea  ^cc  --ro  -^w  "-ca  ^ 

•»4 

H    H    H    t-    H    C 

f-    H    H    H    H    ft 

§ 

«  iij  tx:  «  «  a 

«  ic;  ji;  i(:  ^  ^ 

CU    d)    <U    d).  (U 

<y  Ol  o)  o)  a;  _^ 

c 

c  e  e  c  c  3" 

a  a  a  a  a  3^ 

"o^ 

o  u  u  o  o  --^ 

o  o  o  u  u  ^ 

u 

(U 

X 

R 

C3 

"=5 
ja  K  2  ja  S  H 

a  "=3 
»a  S       s  ^ 

^  ^  g  ^  ^  ^s 

nj    ca    C«    C«    C3    £• 

u   u   u   u   u   "^f 

3 

e;   t;   t^   c;  c^  2 

, 

tjje 

^^^^?i^g 

w 

c 

G3    ca    CO    CO    CO    S- 

Ui 

tn    u    u    u    u    K 

"^ 

vs  ^S  ^S  'S  ^S  ^^ 

3 

^a  ^a  ^a  ^a  ^a  _, 

CO 

^S^^Se 

„_< 

CQ    CQ    CQ    Cd    CO    o 

D- 

c(  t<  ftt  c[  ccS- 

X 

'R 

3    S 

3" 

ja  «  2  R  i^s 

-..;§|s.i| 

"=?  (^  t-  c^  c;  S" 

S3|Pg>. 

oj  <u  a*  (D  Ol  >i 

H    H    H    H    H 

1 

^s  ^a  ^a  -a  ^a  ^ 
3-  -r  ffi  3-  jr  "^ 

a  a  S  s  a  r^ 

.| 

C 

^ 

(V 

X 

a  c; 

»a  S  »3  S  0^ 

a  QJ  K  a>  R  t;: 

e    c    e    c    c?    Cs 

^  s  g  s  S-s 

^— ^ 

CC 

^^1^^^^ 

R    R    R    K    R    _. 

R    R    R    R    R    _. 

^^^^^^^^^^3 

'^^S^^'^^^e 

i  s « ^|s 

i^cSq-^^-^^ 

556  — 


1 

CO 

X 
C 

s: 

cu 
>0  'O  ^O  'O  'O  '^ 

X  X  X  X  x~!z^ 

TO 

E!gjE-|o 

tofi 

E 
J3            ^    ^    S    S 

K  K  a  K  a*  -co 
Oi    E    K    cu    X    « 

s  s  s  S  S  ^ 

-co  -ca  -TO  -TO  -TO  Q 

X 

S  -CU  'W    S  'K  -TO 

E    E    E    E    E    is; 
2   2   2   2   2^ 

-TO    TO    TO  -TO    TO    ,-, 

X  a  x  m  X  <Z^ 

'oT 

OJ    E    E    <u    X    ^ 

-OJ  -D  -IJ  -OJ  -<D 
CU  CU  CU  cx  cu'3^ 

X 

w 

E    E    E    E    E    g- 

-Qj  v4J  -OJ  .<Li  -4)  ^^ 
a«  CX  CU  Cu  O-  o 
t,    t-    u    u.    t,  >^ 

J3    D;    2    K    (L»    CQ 

CU  CU  a,  CU  a.  A 

0^  vQ^   ^QJ  *^^  ''(X) 

CQ    03    CQ    m    CQ    o 
CO   CO  CO   CO   CO  -ii^ 

•a       ^       2  ex 
jc  w  2  0?  a;  ^c^ 

a»    E    E    E    E    E 

cx  CU  Q,  cx  a, 

'TO  -TO  -TO  -TO  -TO    r^ 

C  C  C  c  c  >2. 

X 

fS   2  »s   2   OJ 
S  -cu  'K  -QJ  ^K    ^ 
CU  CU  Cu  CU  Cu  " 
-QJ    (U    <U    <U    <U  ^^ 
CQ     CQ    CQ    CQ    CQ    (~) 
CO     00    CO     CO     CO  -w 

X 

,s  2  =s  !S  cu 

S  -(U  ^K  -(U  'K    TO 
E    E    E    E    E    C 

CU  CU  Cu  CU  cu 

-TO    TO    TO    TO    TO    /-v 

E  C  c  c  c3 

i  s Q  ^|s 

—  557 


K 

0) 

TO 

:<: 

s  t*: 

S    K 

CQ    S          S    E 

Is-    TO   >,  t£!    O  '3 

s  o  ra  s  TO  "2 



o  is:  ii  o  ii:  Q, 

is:  ii;  ii  ^  u:  5_ 

-a 

E  I  a:  a:  x 
^S  '3  ^3  '3  '3  -5^ 
a.  a,  a-  Q.  a.>i> 

E  a:  s  X  X  '-^ 
'3  ^3  '3  '3  ^3  -^ 

a,  o-  cu  a.  o~<i^ 

^ 

a 

C 

« 

C 

X 

g^TO 
TO    >.         O    5 

TO 
tS    U 

S    O    c^    S    P3    S 

._ 

IIT 

1-  t:  u  u  u,  •©< 

u  u  u  u  I-  -e- 

« 

TO  ••TO  '■TO    TO  '■TO 

"TO  "TO  "TO  "TO  "-TO 

^ 

c;    r;    c^    c;    c;  'T'- 

|.^^4^o 

01 

4i,^^^o 

.(.I 

<Ii 

TO 

c 

c 

3 

TO 

•a 

c 

U' 

c 

.^ 

3 

o 

OO 

O) 

— ' 

X 

x; 

ii 

D, 

TO 

."ti 

S    E 

a  H 

^ 

ti:  TO  >.  ro  o  -oj 

s     s:s 

o  1^  ^  is:  :i!i  ^ 

TO          TO          TO  ^ 

,^ — 

K    K    K    5    K    OJ 

H    H    H    t-    f-    Q:^ 

"O:  ^K  -R  'K  'K    "■ 

XI 

:(L)  :QJ  :<U  .•(!;  :aj    '"^ 

VO  VO  VO  \0  \0   _, 

\o  \o  vq  xo  VO  ^_^ 

(LI     OJ     QJ     O)     QJ  '^ 

cu  a,  a,  a,  o-^S^ 

OJ    OJ    O)    OJ    CU  'g" 

a,  o,  a,  a,  ou-ii' 

S 

S 

-^ 

1^ 

«3    >,  TO    O    3^ 

isj  is:  «  «  fai  s 

s  s  s  is  s  ,S 

V    V    V    V    V    % 
A    A    A    A    A    ^ 

X 
TO 

s  « 

CQ    S    CQ    S    S 
S    O    TO    O    CO    3^ 
«    «    «    «    «    jS 

s  s  s  s  s  2 

jj.   3<   jr   tr   3"  '2 

^Q  ja  ja  jj  ja  S 

^    ^    "^    e;    t^ 

t?  «=?  t^  1=:  c^  ^^ 

"■TO  ^TO  "TO  "TO  "TO  '^ 

"TO  "TO  "TO  "TO  "TO  >r* 

S  S  2  s  s>2. 

S   2   S   2  2v2. 

—  558 


v/1 

O) 

X 

-is 

M 

-eg 

S  t=; 

ca  S  03  S  5 
S  -O  -eg  -o  -eg   o 

.§ 

^ 

ic;  «  bi  «  «  m 

c 

^ 

t^   5   >^  c^   "=5  ^^ 

(^  "=;  c?  c;  t^ 
^§  §  S  §  §  2 

"S 



X 

s. 

s 

.-2 

a 
S 

^ 

(U    (U    (V    OJ    (V  ^ 

m  2        S  ^ 
-eg  -o  -eg  -eg  -eg  Jrp 

S^ 

u   u   c_   u   u  .i^ 

c 

C3 

ex  cu  a,  CL  Q- _^ 

CX  CX  Oh  CX  O- _, 

C 

.QJ  vO)  -CU  v<U  -O)    o 

VO  \o  VO  \o  \o  -id- 

vovovSvoxo^. 

I 

■qJo 

-eg  ^>>     'O  \o 

it:    «    «    bi    «    eg 
-eg   eg   eg  -eg   eg   H 

X 

cfl  2        S  eg 
■;::  -O  -eg  -s  -eg  vO 
«   lit;   ii   «   ii:   eg 
eg  eg   eg   eg   eg   H 

^ 

\0\0  VO  >o  \o  .^ 

VO  VO  VO  VO  VO  ._ 

^ 

eg  eg  eg   eg   eg   f> 

eg   eg   eg   eg   eg   o 
H    H    H    H    H  v2. 

■^ 

H    H    H    H    H^ 

■a 

1 

— 

V 

5 

<« 

a 

« 

c 

X 

tn 

-eg 

se 

s  5 

ta  S        S  c; 

c 

!^^ 

« -eg  ->,  «  -o  5 

-S  -o  -eg  ^S  -eg   OJ 

'O  «  «  'O  it:  vo 

i*:  :<;«««  ^ 

•a 

c 

c^  "^  t;  cj  •=;  ^^ 

c;    c^    c-    cj    c; 

vSiSvSvSvSS 

vSv^vSvSvS^ 

^ 

s 

S 

-0) 

X 

-eg 

u. 

S    t-^ 

e 

S   w 

03   S   CQ   2  ^ 

S 

(U 

-eg  "^.-cg  -o  ex 

-2  -O  -eg  -O  -eg   ^ 

u    U    U    U    L,    03 

u    t-    t-    (-.    U    03 

c 

eg   eg   eg   eg  eg 

eg   eg   eg   eg   eg 

"^ 

CX  Q,  Q,  ex  O,'^ 
03    DQ    CQ    CQ    CO  vS' 

CX  O-  CX  cucx-^ 

D3    03    83    03    CQ  vT^ 

Nom 

Gen 

Dat 

Ace 

Insir 
Abl 

o  S  a  ^"22 

559  — 


c 
.S 

-a 


1 

TO 

C 
(/5 

'cT 

-'TO 

TO    >,         ^5 

^^    S    ^    ^    « 
"■TO  'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    cn 

c  c  c  c  c 
s  s  s  s  s  i;::^ 

jsi   «   «   «   M  *§ 
cn  cn  cn  cn  cn  -^^ 

TO 

3 

a 

S'i 

S    OJ     so     tS     TO     H 

^    S    S     ^    ^     « 
'TO  'TO  vcO  'TO  'TO    cn 

c  c  e  c  c  _ 

S    S    S   S    S  (n" 

«  w  «  w  «  o 
<D  cn  cn  cn  cn  >;> 

TO 

(U 

S  ^ 

TO    >,  TO    £    2 
^    ^    ^   ^   ^  'O 
O    O    O    O    O    H 

o-  Oh  cl  cu  a,  "^ 

'O  'O  'O  'O  'O  ^^ 

s  t;  t3  &  S3 

X 

'TO 

s  ^ 

.CO  '0)  'TO  'OJ  'TO   X 

^  «  S  ^  S  o 

O    O    O    O    O    H 

'^O   O  o   O 
e-    H    H    H    H  'o' 

OJ 

5  a 

TO  >,ca  £  2 

a  a  a  a  a  .g 

'S  'S  'S  'S  'S   o 

an  m  Hi  X  m  X 

t<  «  c<  i=c  i=( 

o  o  o  o  o^ 

X   X   X   X   x3. 

js  s  «  s  a 

S    OJ    TO    QJ    TO    2 

a  a  a  a  a  .5 

2  2  2  ^0  2  5 
^  «=f  "<  5  ^  « 

'S  'S  'S  ^S  'S    S 

gggggo 

o  S  cs  ^  g^ 

^  ^ 


J=^ 


^  =±: 


^ 


^iS 


TO    «« 


c 


c«;5 

-a  c 

TO 


c  c 
,:5TO 

c 


.g 

TO 

3 
tiZ) 

c 
on 

03 

'OJ 

'TO'>.       JI 

^    ^    ^    ^    ^_ 
o   O   O   O   O  -q" 

X  X  X  X  x<i^ 

TO 

3 

X 

'TO 

s  « 

'S  -O)  'TO  'S  'TO    2 

^  ^  ^  ^  s^ 

'TO  '>,'TO  'O 

«  ^  ^  ^  ^  o^ 

X 

'TO 

s  ^ 

'S  '<U  'TO  -O)  vcO 

^  ^  ^  ^  1^ 

o)  OJ  a>  OJ  cu  >--' 

—  560  — 


•a 

•^  ^ 

n 

c"K 

—  c 

\m3 

c 

••"  ttuD 

"S  c 

C  .S 

4>  -a 

fS 

on 

*>   M 

•*-•  J2 

^ 

* 

(A  ■<-• 

£ 

c 

o? 

c 

ge 

Cj~ 

Sf 

CO 

c 

CO 

CO 

CO  >>       <u'2 

rims 

CO 

3 

X 

CO 
S    3* 

S    dJ    CO    S    CO  '2 
3<    3*    IT    ff    3-    S 
H    H    H    H    H 

'CO  'CO  'CO  'CO  'CO  7> 
2  S  2  S   2>£' 

c«   >.co   t   S 

a  a  ^  a  ^'^ 

S    S    S    S    S    CD 

'CO  'CO  'CO  'CO  'CO    ^ 

CQ    CO    CO    CQ    CQ  ^^ 

X 

CO 

s  a" 

S    (U    CO    QJ    CO    ^ 
a   a   a  ^  ^'^ 

s  s  s  s  s   ffl 
a-  0,0,  a-  cxg 

'CO  'CO  'CO  'CO  'CO    ^ 
CQ    CQ    CQ    CC    CQ  ,^^ 

1  S  a  ^|:s 

Is 


'•a 
£      S 


=  25 


3    O 


s  = 


CO 

c 

CO 

X5 
CO 

'QJ 
3* 

'CO  '>,       'O    S 

3^    3^    3-    3-    3- 
«   K   K   CK   ts  <r^ 

S  2  s  s  s>2. 

CO 

X 

'CO 

S    3" 

'S  .o)  'CO  'S  'CO   2 
3*    3-    3-    3-    3* 
tS    K    K    D?    K  'T^ 
S    2    S    2    S-S 

'OJ 
3" 

S  '^ 

'CO  '>^'C0  'O    Cl- 

3*    3*    3"    3"    3*    CQ 
c^    c^    c^    cc    C^ 
0-0,0,0-  Q-'S" 
CQ    CQ    CO    CQ    CQ  -ii- 

X 

=  '? 

'S  v(U  'CO  '<U  'CO    Cl- 
3"    3*    3<    3"    3"    CQ 
CO    CO    CO    CO    CO 

(Ti.  o-  a,  o,  Oh-q^ 

1  S  a  ^|S 

—  561 


c 
a 

a 

c 

c  ^ 
..  <u 
•a  «/) 

_  ,  C 
'»*  a*  3 
»0  "to 

c 

O 

c 


o 

c 

<1 

>  o 

C3 

c 

x:  TS 

^ 

Ui 

TO 

3 

tuO 

^ 

C 

QJ 

.1-1 

&, 

rO 

^ 

o 

C3 

-a 

? 

O) 

c 

^ 

-^ 

b 
> 

«3    >i 

=f  ;=f  nf  rf 

tK    K    R    K 
O    U    CJ    o 

voj  ^oj  ^a>  ^oj 
S  S  S  S 


a; 

|s 

•1° 


TO    >.  <L)    ? 

Ci  ^  ::i  ^  ^<c 

O)    J3    .a    (U    J3 

c;  t^  c;  t=^  C3 

^TO  ^TO  '■TO  "-TO  "-TO 

c  c  e  G  c 


-TO 


ri- 

5 

(1) 

a 

•?; 

s 

-OJ 

-O) 

K 

a 

TO 

rf 

a 

(i> 

1=; 

>=: 

vdJ 

.ni 

i=r^ 

TO 

TO 

t^ 

(^ 

CQ 

CQ 

>>  TO    (U.g 

a  a  a^^ 
s  s  s  *^ 

y(V   vQJ  vO)   -^ 

a  a  X  vT- 


(V 
•>^  TO     3J    C 

^  f9  ^  ^ 

■^    "^    ~     TO 

-o)  v<u  SO)  c^ 

>=:C  «  t<   ffl 
TO    TO    TO 

^    f^    ^^ 

CQ  oa   CQ  nT^ 


a    , 

»_    CQ    S    „    S    R 

►a  oj  TO  ja  TO  o 

a  a  a  a  a  ^o)  X 

K    K    K    CK    K    S    TO 

o  o  o  a  o        -f 

v(D  -OJ  vOJ  voj  .cj  ---^  -' 

§  s  s  s  s  S 


X 

S    TO 

»,    CQ    S    H-    S    ^ 

ja  o)  I'g  J3  TO  a 

a  a  a  a  a  S 

J3  >Q  J3  >Q  ja  ^2 
2  t^  >=?  .«^  C:;  C 
"■TO  --TO  ^TO  "-TO  -TO  '^ 

a  a  a  c  c^ 


►Q    CD 

a  a 


X 

^   a 
I  M  ^  I 

TO    gj    TO  .S 

t:^  a  a  2^ 

><u  vQj  .<iJ  'r- 
a  a  a-S 


►-  CQ 

^  =f 

ja  ja 

TO  TO 

CQ  oa 


S  03  S  i 

TO  (U  TO  C 

a  a  a^oS 

ja  ja  ja  f< 

1=3  «^  c;  TO 

1=^  i=t  l=f  CQ    TO 

TO  TO  TO  a 


O    §   Q    O    ^^ 


o> 


0)    </) 
to   IM 

C 

<u  c 

^  =^ 


on 

«0 

a»ia 

« 

s 

-a  a. 

:!=;  ex 

c 

A£ 

Cj 

c 

••^^ 

-(_) 

"^•^ — - 

la  '= 

a 

x:^ 

tuO 

!<^ 

-I-' 

C 

Q 

^  ^ 

? 

C/5 

r^ 

a; -a 

-=1: 

a-«3->>  ^^o  ^ 
-o)  a  a-5j  a  ci- 

co   CO   fo   fo   n 

<V    (V    (U    ID    d)  '-^ 

a-  CL  o-  Oh  o->i£/ 


-<u 


-TO  '>^-TO  -O    O 

tj  a  a  a  avo 

v(u  ss  »a  ss  »a 

o  o  o  o  o  'S" 

VQ  \o  \0  VD  VO  vX' 


Zi  -TO  ->.-TO 

-CU  a  a  a 

H    H    H    H 
0000 


axo 


I^OQ-^^^^ 


X 

s  a 

-  CQ  S  ,«  S  CO 
ja  -o  -TO  hQ  -TO  o) 
a  a  a  a  a  ou 

CO    CO     00     CO    CO    __ 

CU  OJ  <u  CU  QJ  n 
Cl  Q.  CU  cx,  CL>c:^ 


a  ""^ 

„  CQ  S  CQ  IS  ,^ 
'►JQ  -O  -TO  -O  -TO  °^ 

a  a  a  a  a^ 
ss  »s  »a  »a  =s  rl, 
o  o  o  o  o  '3^ 
vo  vo  vo  \o  \o  <-^ 


X 
-TO 

„    CQ    :S    CQ    S    O 

'ja  -o  -TO  ^q-TO  ,^_ 
a  a  a  :::f  a^^ 

H    H    H    H    H    o 
o    O    O    O    O  ^-t' 


o  S  Q  ^  ^S 


—  562  — 


CM 


—     <j 

C 
(U  \st 

c-o 

3   C 

O  a; 

=  x: 

(U  ■*-• 
§•« 


X 

S 

« 

00 

s 

s  s 

^ 

^          5    CI- 

m   S         SO. 

« 

S    S    R    S    K  ^p 

s 

s  s  =  s  s  t: 

S   s   s   s   S   ^ 

o-  ex  a,  a-  cu  2 

a,  D-  o-  o-  a.  i2 

>0  ^O  'O  ^o  ^o  =S 

'O  ^o  ^o  ^o  ^o  S 

H    H    H    H    H    S^ 

H    H    H    H    H    «3 

CO    c^    CO    CT3    TO    <-• 

TO    TO    CO    TO    TO    '-' 

X  :5  X  I  X  ^ 

X    X    K    K    K  ^ 

"^ 

TO    TO    TO    P3    TO    (-) 

— < 

o  S  o  o  oS 

T—^ 

0    0    0    0    0-0 



3 
^ 

3 

X 

c 

s 

_ 

« 

<-0 

L 

sS    CR    2    K    OJ  'W 

a 

03  S  m  S  CL 

cS 

u) 

s  <u  K  a;  K  'f^ 

a 
? 

S    S    S    S    S    H 

S    S    S    S    S    H 

— ^ 

Q,  cu  a-  cu  o-  ^ 

cx  D.  CL  a,  cx  ^ 

cq 

••TO  ^TO  ^TO  vTO  ^TO    "2; 

'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    5 

ir'    k^    ir-    \r-    fr-    O 

H    H    H    H    H    2 

c 

(U    O    QJ    O    CU    CI. 

o)  O)  o;   a;  a>  CL 

-^ 

c^  c;  t^  c;  c:  c 

>=;  «^  e^  t=3  c;  e 

o  o  o  o  o 

c  c  c  c  c  S 

ex  D,  a.  a,  cx•7^ 
c  c  tn  c  c  S 

S  C  "ti  G  "^  "::? 

1  s  «  ^|:s 

o  S  <3  o  J  ^ 

^OQ^-^-^ 

c  "^ 
C   u 

c"o 

3    C 
O   ^ 

c 


X 

'O) 

'05 

TO 

S    eg 

»^'R^2«.g    1 

m  S        S3 

'S  :<U  'K  'S  'K    s 

'TO    eg    TO  'TO    TO    I- 

a  3  a  3  3_ 

TO    TO    TO    TO    TO    tr- 

3  3  3  3  3 

^ 

=  s  s  s  s  •^ 

s  s  s   s  s  '^ 

g 

r* 

>- 

X 

Ci 

TO 

'<!» 

' ' 

'R 

sr 

_> 

A 

TO 

S    J5 

3 

Id 

5!    D" 
sS  'K  '2  ^S  i<X>    ^ 

u, 

CO    S           S     !3* 
•■S  id)  'K  'S  'K    >> 

'cu  J  ja  'cu  j5  el- 

J3 ja  j:  ja  ja  Q- 

s'   3"   D"   y    s- 

■     ' 

Cr    3-    3-    3-    ET 

cu 

CX  O.  Ou  cx  cxS 

— 

c/: 

X 

^ 

v(U 

,   ?■" 

a 

»=  'K  '2  'K  XL)    O 

en  S  ta  S  e 

'S  lO  'K  .<U  'K    O 

C; 

CO 

vQj  .a  J3  ja  J  t^ 

J3    ja    J    J3    J3    'S 

ca    CQ    CQ    CQ    ffl    o 

cQ  cQ  oa  m  en  o 

r 

o  o  o  o  o  O 

o  o  o  o  o  o 

'^ 

^  c^  ^  t^  ^  ^ 

^.  ^  ^  ^.  f^ 

O   O   O   o   o   o^ 

o  o  o  o  o  ^ 
o  o  o  o  o  S 

O  O  o  o  o  >ii. 

S  c  "*-»  o  "t;5  ~^ 

Nom 

Gen 

Dat 

Ace 

Instr 

Abl 

o  ^  a  «j  ^  Ji 

—  563 


c 


« 

cu 

R 

CO 

S    TO 

«    K    2»S    S'>, 

CO    S           S3" 
S    <U    K    S    K  '>-i 

«     CO     TO    TO     P3     t^ 

TO    TO    TO    TO    TO    C? 

3*    D*    y    cr    B*    (J 

cr    y    3"    S"    3*    a 

^>.^>.'>,v>^^>,_ 

'>,'>,->.'>,'>, 

r1    5    f1    ^    f^  'O 

SSS55S 

^ 

CJ    CJ    CJ    CJ    O  ■^-' 

<ii 

a 

2 

g 

^ 

3 
O. 

1 

■o" 

c 

>^ 

iJ 

X 

!c 

<^ 

•■TO 

o 

c 

CO 

3 

»s  K  2  «  §  g, 

vTO  ^TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    r" 

^    ^    ^    ^    ^ 

0    0    0    0    0,-^:' 

S    Hi 

en  S        S3 

S    0)    K    S    R    Q^ 
'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    >->^ 
S    ^    ^    ^    S    "^ 

aaaaaf 

biO 

— ' 

■l 



c 

TO 

00 

3 

— < 

a 

f^ 

X 

^ 

<u 

R 

s~ 

'O 

»s  ts   2  K   ^  0^ 
'O  'O  'O  'O  'O    <- 

S  'O 

CO    S    03    S   o- 

S   oj   R   <u   R   <l^ 

'O  'O  'O  'O  'O    '- 

c 
-^ 

CL  cu  a-  ex  d-.-^ 
o)  oj  oj  a;  Qj  o 

\^       V^       v^^       ^^       ^^ 

a-  ex  ex  a,  a,_^ 
o)  oj  a;  a;  o)  0 

u    1-    U    U    U  ^i' 

■S2 

a  3 

j=  a 

-§ 

<fl  _ 

X 

c 

a 

<u 

•■R 

S  bf 

.g 

"co^ 

'O 
»S  R  2  =s  S 

_          SO 
CQ  S        S  CI. 

-t  5 

'S  <(L)  'R  'S  'R 

aaaaas 

i5 

^    Ci  ~*^     CJ  "S  •-» 

c)  ^  a  0  ^  <; 

—  564 


c 


•5 

c 


<u 

> 

c 

-0) 

X 
TO 

a: 

•S    CO 

, 

^ 

s  is: 

Xi 

S    O 

s      s^o 

'O  ^ca  '>.'0  ^O 

TO    K    TO    C3    TO 

id  a. 

1    I    X    E    X  ^ 

ii  ^  bi  «  ic  "5 
o  o  o  O  O  w 

a  o  ac  E  X  (^ 

r: 

S^ 

.5 

o. 

u. 

«3 

x 

QJ 

-^ 

TO 

^ 

CO 

S    ^ 

3 

s  «-> 

s       s  <-> 

^^ 

t>£ 

o  ca  >>o  o^aj 

t-i 

TO    c    TO    w    TO  ^^ 

"ca 

C 

"^  t^  c^  n  ^  s- 

3 

^  S  ^  c:  c^  9- 

cj  o  a  V,  ^  '^ 

, 

U    O    tJ    CJ    o    * 

3 

.— 

v^  -<D  >-QJ  "■*'  "-QJ 

a 

«.(L>  v(U  ^O)  ^OJ  v(D 

C/D 

a-  cu  0,0-  CL-^ 
«  «  «  «  «  S 

o-  cx  cx  cx  cx-^ 

cx, 

OJ 

> 

c 

CO 

c 

.— 

-o 

_aj 

u. 

CD 

on 

X 

n 

-<u 

TO 

.-H 

c; 

S    1^ 

a> 

^    y 

s      s,y 

^  r^  f^  f^  ^  V 
o  o  a  u  a  ^_ 

s  s  s  s  s  3^ 
V  V  v  :r  "s-  <i^ 

TO    c;    TO    TO    TO    5 
c;    S    1=^    •=:    c^    i^ 
a  cj  o  o  cj  ^^ 
vs  -s  -s  -s  -s  ^ 

:r  :r  3-  sr  3- .2. 

o  S  a  5:^  aS 

:^OQ'=^"^^ 

565  — 


1 

13 
(-. 

> 
'c 

.5 
-a 

QJ 

t-. 

cu 

(0 

_c 

1 

> 
o 

C 

CO 

c 

C/D 

toio 

Oh 

o-  ex  ex  ex  ex  _, 
oi  o)  o)  a»  (D  o 

CO 

u 

a! 

X 

«  S  i  «  i  .g- 

ja  ja  ja  J  j3  5 
ex  ex  ex  ex  a-  '- 

^OJ  ^(L  -<D  ^<U  vO)    o 

c  c:  c  e  c  3 

>=;  "^  c-  «=:  >=3  ^^ 

0)    QJ    cu    O)    OJ    o 

u  a  u  u  a  -id- 

CO           CO    CO    CO    o 
<=3   c;  1^   C5   >^  -v 

'8  'S  'S  u  u  -S 

"oT 

^O  -co  <p~,-o  ^O   y 

CQ    CQ    CQ    CQ    CQ    ^ 
H    H    H    H    H    3 

OJ  OJ  Qj  (u  OJ  ca 
3  ^  ^  3  &^ 
S  S  S  S  S  S 

-.  -co 
-■CO       "CO  -co  -co   o 

OQ    CQ    CQ    CQ    OQ    O) 

§§^3gjl 
S  S  S  m  «>£. 

'O 

II  III  g 

X 
S        So 

'CO         "CO  -CO  -CO    O) 

o)  Qj  cu  o)  <u  ';:r 

S  2  S  S  S3. 

'a~ 

<v 

OQ 
§    H 

O  CO   >>o  O   ^ 

CQ  CQ  oa  oa  CQ  .1^ 

H    H    H    H    H    ^ 
CJ    O    O    O    O    ET 

oa  n  CQ  CQ  CQ 
ff  ff  ff   S"  en  --> 

X 

CO            CO    CO    CO    o 

CQ    CQ    CQ    Oa    CQ    CQ 

CQ    CQ    oa    CQ    OQ   ll 

:j.  p.  -r  B*  pr  <i 

—  566  — 


<o 


c 

!*■ 

V  c 

c 

3 
O 
C 

u. 

s 
4; 


^ 

x3 

S   J 

5-        5-   Ja 

4> 

0 

'O  vTO  '>.^0  'O    "". 

t^            TO    C^    TO    f^ 

EJ  rJ  ^  i:^  :J  0 

=f   X  t:^  =f   X^O 

^  j3  ja  ja  J3  u: 

►Q  ^0)    Ja    -Q    J2    :si 

JZ 

"=:   c^   c;   c:   "=3 

1^    t5    t^    t^    C^ 

0   0   0   0   0  '^^ 

X  >ii  iti  i<  -x  ^ 

^ 

u« 

cu 

X 

TO 

« 

— ' 

s   ^ 

— ' 

^— s 

S^O 

S               S   VQ 

■•-• 

a 

o)  en  >,  dj  (u  1^ 

i_ 

TO           TO    TO    TO    c- 

^    «    ^    Si    S 

X 

hr 

^  S  ^  «  ^ 

3 

'O  0  ^0  'O  'O  ^ 

_ 

'O  0  'O  'O  'O  '?^ 

c^ 

a 

(U 

TO 

•<-' 

r^ 

S    £f 

g 

S   K 

S         S   X 

OJ    TO     >>  QJ    <U  ^QJ 

TO    a'   TO    TO    TO  ^<U 

_ 

tf  ^U  =J  rf  =:f  fr 

EJ  5;  :^  ::J  ::f  ^ 

^' 

CO 

X  X  X  a:  I  g 

X  X  X  X  X  2 

v(U  v<i;  .Qj  ^O)  vO)    5 

vd)  >(i;  vq;  vO)  ^O)    5 

S5S5S§ 

H    H    H    H    H    0 

0  0  0  0  0  c 

"^  "^  c;  c;  c^ 

r^    c;    c^    c;    t^ 

0       0       0       0       0    -Q- 

c  c  n  c  e>2. 

0    0   0    0    0  -5^ 

•Si 

^      «/)   c   c   "^ 

S  ^  5j= 


1 

X 

X 

vcS 

X 

S    X 

s  ^ 

S        2  ii 

S    S          (U    S 

"TO       "rt  •■ca  "C«   S 

^~v 

XX          X  '<" 

X    X    X    X    X    QJ 

u. 

R    O)    CD    tS    OJ    ex, 

(L)  igj  a;  o)  (u  cx, 

S  S  2  S  S  ffl 

S  S  2  S  S  m 

»4)  "OJ  "D  "CJ  "■4> 

,  , 

CU    O)    O)    QJ    OJ 

— 

a-  Oh  cxo,  cx'^^ 

TO 

cu  cu  o-cu  a-'o' 

p 

CQ    CQ    CQ    CQ    CQ  ">-^ 

tu) 

3 

C 

— 

(U 

CU 

CO 

«=: 

X    c- 

^-^ 

0       S^R 

.S    S          So 

<U    K    2    (U    CU    C 

"§^§^§^§-§s 

"R  ^$  'K  ^K  ^CR    C 

^  ■==  "^  ^  5^ 

c  c  c  c  c  ci- 

Nom 

Gen 

Dat 

Ace 

Instr 

Abl 

Nom 

Gen 

Dat 

Ace 

Instr 

Abl 

567 


ttUD 

.5 
-a 

c 


•§1 


TO 

C 
C/5 

-a 

ja 

(u  K  2  a;  I'S 
ja  ja  ja  ja  J  2 
b'  b-  H  ^  b'  ^ 

>-TO  •■TO  ^TO  'TO  'TO 

c  c  c  c  c  -S- 

TO 

X 

R    (U    R    R    R  'TO 

ja  ja  ja  ja  ja  c; 

H    H    H    H    S-    X 

^CO   ^C^   ^CQ  ^■CTS  ^CO 

X    C    C    C    Cv°^ 

a 

s 

s 

Qj  tx  2  0)  o)  '5 

-R  'R  'R  'R  'R    C^ 
K    X    X    X    X  „,^ 
TO    TO    TO    TO    TO    Q 
CO    CO    CO    CO    CO  >«-.^ 

X 

si? 

R  sS    R    R    R  'K 
S    S    S    S    S    X 
b-    b'    b-    b-    b'    •^ 
'R  'R  'R  'R  'R    ^5 
X    X    X    X    X  ^^ 
TO    TO    TO    TO    TO    O 
CO     CO     00     CO     CO  ^*-^ 

OJ   R   X   CL)   OJ   nf 
ja  ja  J  ja  ja  a 
t^   t^   c;   t^   c?   >> 
»(ij  -aj  vflj  'OJ  "CU  >-^ 

X 
R 

R  «    1     R     R  ^^ 

ja  s  ja  ja  .ia  a 
"^  >=^  t;  "^  «^  >^ 

•■QJ  •■CJ  -OJ  'flJ  -D  , ^ 

TO 

ja 

« « « « « 3 

X 

.   il 

R  »S    R    R    R  ,g 

ja  s  ja  ja  ja  c. 

X    C    C    C    X    ^ 
vQ  'O  'O  ^O  'O  -^ 

«     t£j     «     «     5<i  ^S' 

C 

c 


p**    c 

s 

O  ' 

c 


B      u. 


TO 

C 
c/) 

S" 

»OvTO'>,^0^0    5 

P*    3<    3-    3<    3<    C 

TO 

X 

S         VC3    S  'TO    C^ 

«=;  c?  t:;  c;  t=i^ 
c  c  c  c  c-2^ 

'to' 

J 

••S  *S  *■«  'S  ^s   « 
r^   c;   f-   t^   c;   ^ 
X    S    S    S    S  ,— V 

^  ^  S  ^  ^>2. 

X 
TO           TO    ™    CO    5 

•■s  ^x  -s  's  '■s  m 

^    <=i    ^    r^    ^    ^ 
X    S    X    S    S  .--. 

Nom 

Gen 

Dat 

Ace 

Instr 

Abl 

—  568 


^  a 

E    ^ 

(A 


^'        fc     ^ 


•a  I*- 
c  o 

•on  c 

o 

S^ 

E  X 

o  « 

"  a; 
n  -*- 

il. 


1 

I-, 

ca 

C 

'ca  '2  v(u  'ps^-o  ^ 
«  «  «  «  «>2^ 

eg 

X 

3     1     if 

00   CO  en   CO  CO 
'O   O  ^O   O  'O  -^ 

i<  X  a  X  m  -^ 

Oh 

„          »s  o 
-co  ^S  -o)  >-.*o  t, 
o,  a,  o,  ex  cx^^ 

2  2  2'2£2: 

X 

"■eg 

S     Oh 

«        S  -  s   O 
cx  Oh  cx  o.  ex^^ 

'2  2  2^2  2^ 

eg  2  <u  >>  o  ^>, 

CQ    m    CQ    CQ    PQ  vo 

is:  ^  jij  ^  ;x: 
vo  vo  vo  vo  vo  >i:i- 

X 

eg 

s  ca 

s  ^  S  ^ 

a        eg   a  eg  '>> 

CQ    03    OQ    CQ    CQ  vo 

iii    X    m    i^    >i 

vo  vo  vo  vo  vo  -2- 

ex  Oh  ex  ex  CX^^ 
S    S    S    S    S    o 

CJ  a  o  o  o  -S- 

.  il 

vQ  'O  vQ  'O  ^o    o 

ex  ex  o,  ex  o,^^ 
s  s  s  s  s  o 

CJ    (J    CJ    CJ    o  ^ii' 

vo 

eg  3  o)  >>  o  '^ 
vo  vo  vo  vo  vo  "- 

^2  ^S  ^3  'S  ^2  -^ 

X 

3         eg         c^   ^ 
vo  vo  vo  \0  VO   *-^ 

^3  3  ^3  3  ^3  -^ 
ex  ex  ex  o,  aH>S' 

o  g  a  ^  g>o 

—  569  — 


1 
1 

TO 

3 

c 

^ 

EC 

-TO  'S  -<u  >i>.o  S- 

K    K    K    K    a    O 
O   O   O   O   O   -^. 

Q,  Q.  o-  o,  a-  ^ 
o  O  O 'O  o  ^ 

o   o   o  o   o  --^ 

TO 

3    s  3  s  § 

a  EC  a  EC  a  0 

0  ^0    0    0    0    H 
0.0,0,0.0.0 

r:^ 

«  g 

-TO  'U3  «.qj  'Si^'O   o 
K   EC    a   K   K   O 

0  0  0  0  0  -i> 

is 

3  a  «J  33  '^  "O 

'So 

D,  0-  0-  0,  0-,^ 

si 
s  „  i  D. 

-a        »TO  ^3  -TO   <u 
OJ    O)    O)    (U    O)    0 

0*  cr  tr  cr  0-3 

-O)    OJ  -CU  -(D  -(D    0 

\o  \o  \o  \o  \o  <:> 

c:^ 

-TO  'ja  -0)  ••>i'0  c; 

s  s  s  s  s  ^ 

3S555S 

ja       'TO  jj  -TO  t; 

570 


<N      O 

^     o 


1 
! 

3" 
oc 

C 
1 

u 

■a 

i 

I 

u 
1 

t/3 

1 

C^ 

X 

K  s  Q.  2  'S  'i 

X    X    X    X    X    ■= 

.oj  -a>  '<v  -cd  -oj  •^ 

c  c   c  c   c  S 

K3 

.    is 

s  X  "^  s:  K  -cb 
X  a>  3:  X  X  c 

v<U  >cij  ^OJ  '11  -QJ  'S' 

c  c  c  c  c  S 

•"aT 

ex 

K    S    (U    2  'S    ^ 

Q-  a,  D,  a,  c,^ 
•a  -»^  ^  «  -,  o 

U    U    U    (-    u  _ 

X 

S    J    K    S    K    t- 
O.  Cl  Q,  a,  D,_ 

cK  s  <u  2  0)^2 
«=:  =^  =^  «^  c;  =^ 

c  c  c  c  c    _ 

X 

S    1=3 

j3    2    J3    S    C 

S    t;    tK    c;    K  ^CO 

<=i  <v  ^  (V  <=i  ^ 
c  c  c  c  c  ^ 
-rt  'CO  -w3  -TO  -ca  '5' 

0^ 

X 

K  s  (u  2  a!  = 

X    X    X    X    X 
■K  'K  -K  -CC  >K    o 

X  X  X  I  I  5i 

X 

K 

X    X 

s  J  K  ja  K  3: 

X    X    X    X    X 
X    X    X    X    X  ci- 

•K  -S  -<U    2  :(U    OJ 
<=:    1^    ^    c;    ^    "^ 
S    S   S    2    2  _ 

m   CO    en    en   cv    ^ 

X 

X    c^    K    S    K  -(U 
1=;  -<U    "^    t^    cj    fO 

:s  2  2  s  2  — . 

vOj     OJ  -OJ  -OJ  -(Li    o 
CO     CO     CO    CO    CO   - — 

X 

■0!  ^S  -CU   ^2  :S    i 
X    X    X    X    X    c 

a  a  a  a  a  ^ 

<U    <U    <V    d)    (V 

(^    c;    c^    r^    c^^ 

:£  iti  X  i:c  is:  ■zi' 

X 

s'x 
-X  'a>  'CK  -s  ^R   3 

X    X    X    X    X    ^ 

a  a  a  a  a  § 

<U    (V    <U    d)    (U 

^  o  Q  *=«:  -  ^ 

—  571 


c 

•5 

c 


CSJ 


X 

a> 

TO 

tf 

s  :^ 

C/! 

»s  s: 

S        §  s 

ca  3  a;  >>  (U  K 
;=r  =1  i::^  r::r  i=r  H 

^^§=f§? 

s   s   s    S   S  'C) 

s   s   s   S   S  'O 

_fc 

K    X    X    K    K  ^ 

X  M  a  K  xvo 

5 

f-,   (_   f«   f_   ^   c^ 

^  ^  .fc  ^  ^  "^ 

"•O  "■O  -O  '•O  'O    ^ 

-o  'O  'O  ^o  -o  a. 

-^ 

vo  \o  \o  vo  o  ^_^ 

TO     ro     TO     CC    CO     »-) 

VO  VO  ^  VO  vo 

TO    TO    w    TO    TO  •^ 

a 

X 

C<) 

aj 

TO 

^ 
« 
S 

s 

§  s  ^  ^1^5, 

S   „  S   c 
ja        TO  ja  TO  .>, 

Ef  :^  :J  =J  =f  ^ 

s  s  s  s  s  ,-:r 

s  s  s  s  s  ,-r- 

c;    c?    C5    t;    c^^O 

^  t^  "^  c^  s?^ 

CO 

„ 

X 

w; 



.Cj 

TO 

TO 

^ 

3 

zi 

u- 

Ef 

.1 

tijC 

S 

=3 

S    CQ 

c 

^TO  'JD  v<u  v>,.o  ^ 

— 

£,  sj  5  rf  «^  ^ 

C 

_ 

^  ^  zi  zi  r^o 

c. 

av(u  x.o)  a\o 

^ 

S 
g 

cr. 

05     CO     CQ    CQ     CQ    o 

o  o  o  o  o  ci- 

CQ    03    CQ    m    CQ  ^ 

■o  o  -o  o  ^o  -x- 

TO  3  0)  >-.  (D  t; 

X 

3       TO  3  1  '1 

sf  ::J  =J  a  S  o 

:J  a  :J  cf  a  5 

'S  -s  ^S  ^S  -S    ii 
f=^    ^    ^    ^    K    U 

^ 

^S  ^S  'S  -S  ^S    ^ 

1 

llllh 

O    O    O    O    O  ,-. 

a: 

H    H    H    H    H    o 

•y^ 

O) 

X 
TO 

■^ 

s 

S   Cf 

C3 

N-                  »S  ^S 

S         S^S 

.§ 

TO   3  0)   >.  S   f- 

3          TO          TO    H 

cf  tr  tj  :j  a'  c 

a  Ef  =f  Ef  =f  c 

5 

^s  ^s  ^s  ^s  ^s 

'S    S  ^S    S  ^S   -_ 

^ 

5££££S 

£^££^3 

o  ^  o  G  ^-o 

572 


■a 

<u 

t 

iv. 

c 

-§ 

c 

c  •!= 

<3 

? 

Hi 

c 

> 

a 

r 

-«-> 

>>^ 

c 

a> 

CiO 

=  15 

1/3 

<^ 

Q 

c 

g 

■"* 

c 

^ 

^ 

<u 

n^ 

\~ 

> 

eg 

Q 

■a 

"c 

S 

3 

ID 

c 

GT 

r. 

^^ 

c 

C 

3 

■^ 

•  — 

c 

CA) 

-T3  — 

w 

0)    O. 

{'. 

u 

CI 

•o 

c 

1/3 

s 

u 

_G 

s 

© 

^ 

(/5 

_C 

a 

T3;:r^ 

? 

O/    CO 

■^'  t- 

r* 

n^  =^ 

a 

S-H. 

c 

a» 



—  > 

<v  — 

00 

l$:t: 

-Si 

o  c 

C3 

>?i 

S 

o 

J;; 

c 

•^ 

vca  ^s  -<u  >~'-o  * 

u  u  u  u  u  ^^ 
O   O   O  'O   O  '^ 

X  X  X  X  X  -z. 


(V 

TO  s  (u  >»  o  "2 
is:  id  isi  «  «  >= 

cr    a-    3-    3"    3"  ^^ 

•■ro  «ca  •■TO  "■TO  'TO  o 
c  c  c  c  c  i, 


TO    S    O)    >i  O  ^O 

«  bi  i(J  ii  ^  <=[ 

a*  s*  s"  y  ff  _ 

vQ  'O  'O  'O  'O  '^ 


(V 

iC 

tX    ^ 

TO  s  a>  >>  o  "'^ 
m  X  iii  m  is:  ^ 
>=i  t=i  <=i  <=t  i=i  ^ 

"■TO  'TO  'TO  "■TO  'TO    (-, 

c  c  c  c  c  ^ 


TO    S    O)    >,  O  'TO 
«    «    «    «    «    ^ 

«=;  f^  f^  «=:  c^  ^ 

'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    o 


TO  S  (i;  >,  O  K 
U  U.  U  Ui  U  ^ 
'S  'S  'S  'S  'S 

X  a  K  K  a  -;:r 
«  ii  «  !«:  « vii. 


X 

TO    S    0)    >.  O    S 
X    X    X   X    X 

2   2   2   2   S  S 


:5: 0  ^  ^ -^  ^=1: 


2 

S  'TO 

u  u   u, 

'O  O   O 

X  X   s 


1  o 


•o  o 

X    X 


TO 

S  vjj  TO  S  TO  '=5 
«  O)  «  «  «  = 
3*  3*  3*  ir  3*  ._^ 
'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    o 

c  c  c  c  c  vi 


2 
S    «    TO 

«    S    ifi 

3<  3*  3* 
'O  'O  'O 
t=C  t<  1^ 


X 

2   ^ 

«  2'o 


2  2  ^ 
S  Ji!  TO  S  W  vca 
«  O  «  «  bS  c 
e;  t^  >^  c;  e;  X 
'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    o 

c  e  c  e  c  4:^ 


TO 
s    ixS 

2       2  ^ 

S  «  TO  «  TO  ^«0 
«  O  «  O  iC  ■- 
c;  t^  c;  e-  c;  ^ 
'TO  '•TO  'TO  'TO  'TO    Q 


X  2 

2         2'S 
S  TO    S    TO    X 

u   u   u   u   u   is; 
'S    S  -S  'S  ^S 

X   X   X   X   X  -^ 

m  m  X  >:i  a  3- 


X    X 
2        2'>» 

X  TO  TO    2 

X    X   X   X    X 
'>.  >,'>,  >,'>,'r-^ 
2   2  2  2  23 


^coQ-=C'i:-=c 


—  573 


C    At 

^  o 


a; 


CO 


5  >' 

*       «^    o 
Q       C«    CI. 

•a 

CO 

a  c 


n  4> 

x: 


E- 
&-.E 


vO) 

S     ' 

^R  'S  .(u  ^2  'S  S 

ja  ja  s  3  s  rr 

S  ts    ^  *S    R  .5. 
cc^  r<  5  §i^R 

ct  ^  §  §  t<^ 

>.>>>,>,>>  o 

'>.  >.'>.  >>^>,  o 

CJ    O    O    CJ    O  Ct' 

o  a  u  o  o  -^ 

u. 

u 

s   Si 

S  »S    R    S    R  ^S    ^^ 

ja  vS  ja  ja  ja  cj  X 

ca 

2  2  S  2  S  X 

2  2  2  2  2  ^K 

tU    QJ    D    (U    <U    O 

,.    , 

vO)    <U  -<l)  vO)  ^0)    o 

a  o  o  a  o-i 

c;5 

3 

u  o  cj  a  o  — ' 

«1 

•K  '5;  ^<V  "Q  :(U    P3 

^S  5S  'R  ^S  'R    W 

.„_ 

^ — , 

jQ  ^  ja  ja  jQ  H 

— 

j2^?i^f2iS^x 

c/:) 

-Q 

H    H    H    H    H    O 

Q. 

C^      ^      (>\i      C^      C^    ^^-^ 

CO  ca  en  CO  a  .^^'R 

H    H    H    H    H    O 

H    H    H    H    H    O 

o  o  a  o  a  ^-^ 

O    CJ    CJ    o    o  -_- 

.a; 

X 

J] 

s   ^ 

'R  'S  ^<u  '2  JO*  S 
ja  JJ  J  ja  ja  ffl 

2         I   ^ 
ja  .$  j:  <<u  ja  S 

X    X    X    X    X    g 

CO 

X    X    X    X    X    ^ 

s  s  s  s  s  ^ 

CO  cQ  ca  cQ  cQ  o 

OQ    ca    CQ    CQ    CQ    o 

(J  a  u  (J  u  — 

U    CJ    o    o    o  ^ 

1  S  «  ^|:s 

:^  CD  Q  -^  >H  -^ 

:^  o  Q  -s:  ^  -^ 

=  1 

Cp     -   > 
K     go. 

c 


C3 

3 

c 

CO 

^ 

1 
•K  ^S  >(U  '2  .-S    " 

CO    CO     CO     CO     0)   --i^ 

CO 

X 

2         1- 

2   2   2    2   2   o 

CO     CO     CO     CO    CO  - — - 

'tT 

JIHHHH 

JIHHHH 

JIHHHH 

JIHHHK) 

JIHHHeH 

(O)    JIHHHH 

JIHHHH 

JIHHHH 

JIHHHHM 

JIHHHH 

JIHHHHMH 

(O)  JIHHHHX 

S^ 

R  s  o)  2  a;  ^ 

X 

.     Il 

S  =S    R    S    R    CJ 
'CO    CO  "-co  "CO  "-co 
H    H    H    H    H    O 
O    CJ    U    CJ    CJ  — ' 

CO 

SCR  ^S  <(V  ^2  to;    H 

X 

s  «  R  s  R  e- 

0,0,  a,  a-  o,^ 

H    H    H    H    H    O 
O    CJ    U    CJ    o  -^ 

liaili 

1  S  a  ^1^ 

574 


= 


•a 

c 
to  '^ 
^    E 


5* 

d) 

^ — - 

OD                             X 

-a 

•m  'S  -<v  '>-.»o  o 

U                         .TO 
5"    3"    5"    3-    3*    ^ 

3*    D-    D"    a-    3* 

<y  oj  <u  oj  a*  , — . 

CQ    CO    CO     CQ     P3    O 

.<L>    OJ    at  vO)    (U  ..^ 
CQ    03    CQ    CQ    ca    O 

U    CJ    u    u    u  -_^ 

o  u  CJ  CJ  o  ^ 

—  X 

S  ^TO 

^      s  g 

S      'S5  >. 

'j^     a  ^ 

a     >,— 

s  a 

03 

CJ 

— 

' — 

^  'S    >. 

TO 

S                    Sv>, 

Z! 

.(73  ^S  .<U    >i^O    ^ 

l-> 

S          eg   S    03    cf 

tl£ 

a  3  a  a  3_ 

3 

3  a  a  3  3 

C 

>,     >.     >!'>.     >.     O 

1=1  nt  c^  «=(  n-zL 

ct  ct   c:(   ct  c^  .^ 

a 

CO 

X 

'TO 

- — - 

sS    QJ 

S           S    ^ 

JD 

•P3  'S  .0)  '>.'0    S 
S    ^    ^    t^    ^_ 

S  ^  ^  S  S_ 

2  S  S  2  SS 

TO 

^       5  ^ 

C3    S    O)    >i  <U    ^ 
^    ^    S    ^    S 

s      ^  .- 

03 

S            TO     S    TO    ;S 

^    ^    S    S    ?^    "^ 

'2  '3  '3  ^S  -3  -^ 
^  =:  f:  ^.  ^  S 

^3  3  '3  '3  '3  -5^ 

i  g  a  ^|:s 

o  fe  a  ;i  ^^  ^ 
<  o  Q  -^  ^  -t: 

575  - 


s  s 


<4j 

X 

c 

K 

X    H 

1- 

-Q 

K    S    OJ    2  'S  '^ 

::='s^gr- 

H    H    H    H    H  ._^ 

H    H    H    H    H^ 

■ij 

s<V  -.(V  iCU  i<U  !a>    o 

i<V  -.(V  ■•<v  i<V  i<U   o 

u. 

n 

r-    H    H    H    H  >r- 

TO 

H    H    f-    H    H  3 

<U 

3 

X 

fct 

■  "* 

=    «< 

3 

C/D 

^.^ 

o;  s  <u  2  0/  1=^ 

0. 

=S    ^  =S    2  -R 

^ 

TO 

X  <u  tR  a>  K  ci 

5? 

«=f  cc  ^  t=t  c^ 

§  ^  =t  ^  §  ^ 

f=t  e<  i=t  «=l  <=t^-- 

-tS  -0?  ^CC  -K  -K  ■^ 

S   C  ■tj    «j    to  ""-• 

S  c  ■;2  ^j  'S  ^ 

O    «;j    a    lo    C  "^ 

o  ^  a  a  S  -c 

^OQ^^^ 

^  = 


«»  ^ 


^  CO 
*«*  C 
^     3 


c  ■' 

O   KM 

E.5 
E-S 
o  c 


II 

TO 

a 
c 

TO 

TO    S    OJ     >,  O    S 
X    X    X    X    X    QJ 

-K  -tK  -o;  -K  -o;   X 
0,0,0,0.  cx^^ 
o)  a*  <u  oj  oj  o 
X  X  X  X  X  v2- 

TO 

X 

X           TO           TO    S. 

X  X  X  X  X  57 

-CK  -K  -K  -K  -K    X 
0,0,0.0,  O,^^ 
<U    QJ    <LI    <u    o;    o 
X    X    X    X    X  vli. 

.1 
1 

< 

0-1 
iC 

TO    X    <U    >.0    >, 
«    «    us    «    ^    rt^ 

a  a  a  a  3  -i 

cC  rt  cC  tt  ct  ^ 

X 

X    N^    TO    sc;    TO    a 

a  (V  ii  <v  i<  >> 

a  a  a  a  3.5 

c(  ct  ct  rt  cC^ 

•CS     3 


^   CO 


h 

o 
S  c 


is 

TO 

C 
CO 

X3 
TO 

.=  1 

■TO  -X  ^o;  ->^-o   S 

a  a  a  a  a  ^ 

03    CQ     CQ    OQ     CQ 

^  ^  ^  ^  ^2 

TO 

Q. 

X 
-TO 

s  g 

-X  -4)  -TO  -qj  -TO    <U 

a  a  a  a  a  ^ 

OQ   oa   oa   uj   03  ^ 

^    ^    ^   ^    ^   O^ 

a 

5X      O 

TO    X   qj    >-.  <u    33 

a  a  a  a  a  2 

O    O    O    Q    O 

X  X  X  X  X  -r- 
-2  -2  -2  -2  -2  S 

X 
TO 

^  »X    S  OS    S    1 
S    <u    TO    <1>    TO    g 

X    X    X    X    X  -^ 

-2  -2  -2  -2  -2  £ 

c  S  a  Qo  2  S 

576  — 


c^ 


T3^ 

c 
it 


£  5. 

U. 


TO 

c 

C/5 

X2 

"to" 

s 

2-5 

ja  s  s  j3  ja  X 

p"    3*    D"    ff    D* 

X    X    X    X    X  >S 

TO 

a. 

X 

»s  s       so 
s  .o)  'TO  X  vca  X 

3"    D*    D*    n*    3" 

'O  o  o  o  o  -Q^ 

X    X    X    X    X  sS- 

Mbllllb 

MblUIH 

MblUIH 

MblUIb 

MbllUbK) 

(O)    MblUIH 

'TO 

s  3 

S  .(U  -TO  vO)  'TO    a 

3  3  3  3  3^ 
'2  2  2  2  2^;:^ 
2  S  S  S  S>2' 

1  S  «  ^|:o 

•a 

II 

f  £ 

C 


=  ^ 
^ 


X 

s 

K 

^.^ 

^   ^=3 

S   e; 

CJ 

g'O 

ja  s  aa  u3  ja  ^o 

=^    t^    C3    t^    c^  ^ 
O  'O  'O    O  'O  'o' 

vo  \o  \o  vo  vo  ci. 

S    CU    K    S    K  VO 
^    ^    ^    ^    '^^ 

X 

s 

'K 

^  c 

s  c 

' — 

2^2^ 

X  'OJ  'K    S  'K    ^ 
C    C    C    C    C    " 

J  s  s  J5  ja  f-; 

c  c  c  c  c  ^ 

• — 

a*  vQj  -o)  oj  v(u  ^^ 

c^ 

.<u  <u  o)  -a>  a>  ^^ 

, 

H    H    H    H    H    o^ 

H    H    H    H    H  3^ 

3 

O    CJ    o    a    U  -S- 

a 

o  a  cj  a  o  <> 

c 

a 

's 

CO 

TO 

3 
o 

3x 

2  2 

5  §  §  S  S| 

^x'§ 
x!§'|!g^| 

t=C  t:C  c^  c(  ct  o 
TO    ca    CO    TO    TO    cq 

3  3  3  3  3 

■O  'O  ^O  'O  'O  -^ 

'i§§§§2 

S    C  ^    ;_)  to  "^ 

S  c  -^  "o  "t^  ^ 

o  $5  a  ^  2<i 
:$:  O  Q -^t:  ^  ^^q 

O   $j   <3   G   ^^ 

:^OCi"=i:^^ 

577  — 


•I  § 

o 


1 

c 

3 
1 

1 

c 

£ 
1 

TO 

c 

TO 

1 

c 
c 

1 

1 

:^ 

c 
S 

1 

cxapoe 
cxaporo 
cxapOMy 
cxapoe 

cxapbiM 
(o)  cxapoM 

TO 

a 

X 

2 
0. 

-TO 

(i>  X  2  oj  2-TO 
S  2  S  3  2  H 
ft  a,  Q,  a,  B.  «-• 

-TO  -TO  -TO  "W  -TO  ^v 

5  s&  t;  S£ 

o         t 

«^TO  'W  -C^  "TO         "Cd  —V 

i 

i.  all.  lis 

-TO  'CO  -eg  -TO  -TO  -TO  ^^ 

t;  t3  s  D  s  &£ 

o^'          2I 

e<  t=C  t=C  <        <  0 

§§S§     §^ 

iiii   io 

I. 

iliils 

§  i  §  §   §  ^- 

0000       0  -:r^ 
2  2  2  2        2  £ 

1 

2 

«2s,s2|l 
0  0  0  0  0  0  2 

0  S  0  ?^  ^-c 

578   — 


o   >> 

ffi 

2  ^ 

OJ    q;    OJ    OJ 

s  ^5^ 

I    X    K    K 

X  F^ 

*=<   ?f  ^   ^ 

t<  ^ 

.0)  vo  vO)  -0) 

'«L)  -_ 

a,  0.0-0, 

O-  o 

CJ    O    CJ    O 

o  >ii- 

tS  O)  <U  be 
X  X  X  X 
CC  et  c^  f=I 

^o)  -a>  -oi  '(1) 
o-  o.  o-  o. 
u  o  o  o 


X 

H 


£ 

•5 

c 

E 


»s  2  s  «  2  s  § 

S   (U  <D   X  a;  s  vo) 
a  K  X  X  X  X  o. 

cC  ef  cf  rf  ct  ct  o 
>aj  -o)  v(jj  vQj  "-a;  vqj  ,_^ 

0-0-0,0,0.0-0 

o  cj  o  u  o  u  ^ 


i  §  a  ^ 


X  s 


s  s 

a:  I  ac  X  X 

c(  ct  c:[  cf  KC 
v(i;  vnj  vflj  vflj  vO)  vo;  ^ 

O-  O-  O-  O,  O-  O-  o 
O    U    CJ   o   u    u  -^ 


X 

s 

S    X 

:■! 


I    S    Q    ^         "^S 


579 


^ 


a  .5 
^   1 


•a 

I 

c 

3 
01 

c 

c 

•a 

M 

C 

g 

CO 

3 
C 
CO 

CO 

•S 

1 

i 
i 

s 
o 

n  >^                  X 
<v  u   'S  (u        S  'S 
O    O    O    O          S    H 
X    X    X   X         X  ,_^ 
'S  ^S  'S  'S         'S    o 
H    H    H    t-          h-  ^ 

TO 

THXHe 

THXHX 

THXHM 

THXHe,  THXHX 

THXHMH 

(O)  THXHX 

o 

cq   O   o    >>        o   H 
X    X   X    X         X  ^^ 

i 

S    O    O    S    O    S    H 
X    X   X    X    X    X  ^^ 

o)  t-  S  a;        S  g 

^2 '2  ^2 '2     ^£o 

o  o  o  o       o  >=t 
o-  a,  o,  o,      o,.^ 

X 

'o 
o, 

0)  X  2  oT  2  O 

^S  ^S  \S  ^S  'S    G, 

»a 

^2 
1^2  ^2'^    '2| 

o  o  o  o       o  «=( 
o,  o,  a.o<      o,^.^ 

»s  2  s  «  2  2  o 

o  o  o  o  o  o  "=< 
0.0-  0,0.  o,  o,^^ 

O    S    Q    ^          g^ 

1  S  a  ^1^ 

—  580  — 


1 
1 

1 

i 

u 
c 

•a 

c 

V 

j= 

ca 

C 

S' 

i 

3 

1 

o  >>          -  i 

^  ¥  i  1     g  g 
vS  'S  J  .i     .5  _ 

03    oa    OQ    OQ           03    o 

CO 

Ui 

a 

X 

1 

X    ^ 

0)  X  S  a7  S  •.$ 
s  s  s  S  X  S 
^  ^  ^  ^  ^  0 

'00  'oa  'oQ^oa  'm  '0" 

0    0    U   0    0  vT- 

9S 

ea  (i>  (u  "^      0)  ca 
S  ^  ^  ^       ^  ^ 

v(U  'OJ  K(U  'OJ         v(U  ,^ 
OQ    03    oa    OQ           DO    O 

«  2  2« 2  ^S 

03    03    03    CQ    00    03  3^ 

ca 

S 

s  ^  S  s     ^  ^ 

jj.      3.      p.      g.                  p.3 

OJ  X  S  <u  S  >, 
'X  'X  'X  'X  'X    ff 

S  «  S  S  S^ 

.1 

1 

s  s  s  ^    ^  "^ 

3-    3"    3"    D"          tr  >S 

«2s«2sl 

'O  «o  'O  'o  »o  's  5? 
^  ^  S  ^  ^  ^ 
a-  o"  0"  a"  s"  a-  -zi- 

581 


Table  33 
Adjectives  with  stem  ending  in  soft  sibilants  (q,  m.) 


Singular 

Plural 

Masculine 

Feminine 

Neuter 

Norn 

rOpHMMH 

ropHqan 

ropaqee 

ropnqHe 

Gen 

ropyiqero 

ropHHefl 

ropHHero 

FopaqHX 

Dat 

ropnqeMy 

ropnqeH 

ropHHeMy 

ropnqHM 

Ace 

rOpHMHH, 

ropHMero 

ropHqyK) 

ropnqee 

Fopjiqne, 
ropnqHX 

Instr 

ropHHUM 

ropH.qefl 

ropjiqHM 

ropHqHMH 

Abl 

(o)   rOpHMCM 

(o)ropHqeH 

(o)  ropHqeM 

(o)  ropaqHX 

Table  36 
Adjectives  with  stem  ending  in  u 


Singular 

Plural 

Masculine 

Feminine 

Neuter 

Norn 

KyUblH 

KyuaH 

Kyuee 

Kyubie 

Gen 

Kyuero 

Kyuefl 

Kyuero 

Kyubix 

Dat 

KyueMy 

Kyuefl 

KyueMy 

KyUbIM 

Ace 

KyubiH, 
Kyuero 

KyuyK) 

Kyuee 

,  Kyubie, 
Kyubix 

Instr 

KyubiM 

Kyuefi 

KyiibiM 

KyUblMH 

Abl 

(o)  KyueM 

(o)  Kyuefi 

(o)  KyueM 

(o)  Kyubix 

Table  37 
Possessive  adjectives  ending  in  -hA,  -hn, 


•be 


Singular 

Plural 

Masculine 

Feminine 

Neuter 

Nom 

BOJiqHH 

BOJiqbH 

BOJiqbe 

BOJiqbH 

Gen 

BOJiqbero 

BOJiqbefi 

BOJiqbero 

BOJiqbHX 

Dat 

BOJiqbCMy 

BOJiqbefl 

BOJiqbeMy 

BOJiqbHM 

Ace 

BOJiqHH, 

BOJiqbero 

BOJiqbK) 

BOJiqbe 

BOJiqbH, 
BOJiqbHX 

Instr 

B6jiqbHM 

BOJiqbeH 

BOJiqbHM 

BOJiqbHMH 

Abl 

(O)    BOJiqbCM 

(o)  BOJiqbeH 

(O)  BOJiqbCM 

(O)    BOJiqfaHX 

582 


Table  38 
Possessive  adjectives  ending  in  -hh,  -uh,  -ob,  -es 


Singular 

Plural 

Masculine 

Feminine 

Neuter 

Norn 
Gen 
Dat 
Ace 

Instr 
Abl 

MaMHH 

MaMHHa 
MaMHHy 

MaMHH, 

MaMHHa 

MaMHHblM 
(O)  MaMHHOM 

MaMHHa 

MaMHHOH 
MaMHHOH 
MaMHHy 

MaMHHOH 
(O) MaMHHOH 

MaMHHO 

MaMHHa 
MaMHHy 

MaMHHO 

MaMHHblM 
(O)  MaMHHOM 

MaMHHbl 

MaMHHblX 

MaMHHblM 

MaMHHbl, 

MaMHHblX 

MaMHHblMH 

(O)  MaMHHblX 

Table  39 
Numerals 


!                                           a, 

Nom 

OAHH 

OAHa 

OAHO 

OAHH 

Gen 

OAHoro 

OAHOH 

OAHoro 

OAHHX 

Dat 

OAHOMy 

OAHOH 

OAHOMy 

OAHHM 

Ace 

OAHH, 

oAHoro 

oAHy 

OAHO 

OAHH, 
OAHHX 

Instr 

OAHHM 

OAHOH 

OAHHM 

OAHKMH 

Abl 

(06)  OAHOM 

(06)  OAHOH 

(06)  OAHOM 

(06)  OAHHX 

b) 

Nom 

ABa 

ABe 

rpH 

qcTbipe 

Gen 

AByx 

AByx 

ipex 

qcTbipex 

Dat 

AByM 

AByM 

TpeM 

qexbipeM 

Ace 

ABa. 

ABC, 

TpH, 

MCTbipe, 

AByx 

AByx 

Tpex 

MCTbipeX 

Instr 

AByMH 

AByMH 

TpeMH 

qeibipbMH 

Abl 

(o)  AByx 

(o)  AByx 

(o)  Tpex 

(o)  qcTbipex 

583 


Table  39,  continued 

c) 

d) 

e) 

Nom 

nHTb 

HHTHaAUaTb 

nHTbflecHi 

OHTbCOT 

Gen 

nHTH 

OHTHaAUaTH 

nHTH^eCHTH 

OHTHCOT 

Dat 

nHTH 

HHTHa/maTH 

nHTH^eCHTH 

DHTHCTaM 

Ace 

OHTb 

HHTHaAUaTb 

nHTb^ecHT 

HHTbCOT 

Instr 

HHTblO 

OHTHaAUaTbR) 

nHTbK)/ie- 

CHTbK) 

OHTblOCTa- 
MH 

Abl 

(o)  nHTH 

(o)  nHTHajiua- 

TH 

(o)  univ^A^- 

CHTH 

(O)  HHTHCTaX 

0 

g) 

h) 

Nom 

CTO 

ABeCTH 

nojiTopa, 
nojiTopbi 

noJiTopacTa 

Gen 

CTa 

AByXCOT 

no.riyTopa 

nojiyTopacTa 

Dat 

era 

jlByMCTaM 

nojiyropa 

nojiyTopacTa 

Ace 

CTO 

ABeCTH, 
AByXCOT 

nojiTopa, 
nojiTopbi 

nojiTopacTa 

Instr 

CTaMH 

flByMHCTaMH 

nojiyTopa 

noJiyTopa- 

CTaMH 

Abl 

(o)  CTa 

(o)  /iByxcTax 

(o)  nojiyTO- 

(o)  noJiyTO- 

\\ 

pa 

pacTa 

Nom 

ABoe 

HHTepo 

66a 

66e 

Gen 

flBOHX 

nniepbix 

o66hx 

o6eHx 

Dat 

ABOHM 

HHTepblM 

o66hm 

c6eHM 

Ace 

flBoe, 

flBOHX 

njiTepo, 

OHTepblX 

66a,  o66hx 

66&,   o6eHx 

Instr 

ABOHMH 

OHTepblMH 

o66hmh 

06eHMH 

Abl 

(O)  flBOHX 

(o)  HHTepblX 

(o6)  o66hx 

(o6)  o6eHX 

—  584  — 


Table  40 
Personal,  reflexive  and  possessive  pronouns 


a) 

Nom 

H 

TbI                           Mbl 

Bbl 

Gen 

MeHH 

Te6H                Hac 

sac 

Dat 

MHe 

Te6e                HaM 

BaM 

Ace 

MCHH 

Te6H                Hac 

Bac 

Instr 

MHOH 

to66h             HaMH 

BaMH 

Abl 

(060)  MHe 

(0)  Te6e           (0)  Hac             (0)  Bac 

b) 

Nom 

OH,    OHO 

OHa                         OHH 

_ 

Gen 

ero,  Hero 

ee,  nee           hx, 

HHX           ce6H 

Dat 

eMy,  HCMy 

eft,   Heft          HM, 

HHM         ce6e 

Ace 

ero,   Hero 

ee,  Hee           hx. 

HHX           ce6H 

Instr 

HM,    HHM 

eH,    HeH               HMH 

HHMH       C066h 

Abl 

(0)  HCM 

(0)  Heft            (0)  HHx            (0)  ce6e 

c) 

Nom 

MOH,    M0e(TB0H,            MOH     (TBOH 

MOH    (tBOH, 

TBOe,  CBOH,  CBoe)              cboh) 

cboh) 

Gen 

Moero 

Moeft 

MOHX 

Dat 

MOeMy 

MOCH 

MOIIM 

Ace 

MOH,  Moero, 

MOe            MOK) 

MOH,    MOHX 

Instr 

MOHM 

Moeft 

MOHMH 

Abl 

(0)  MOeM 

(0)  Moeft 

(0)  MOHX 

d) 

Nom 

Ham,  name 

Kama  (Bama) 

HamH  (Bamn) 

(Bam,  same) 

Gen 

namero 

Hamefl 

HamHX 

Dat 

HameMy 

Hamefl 

HamHM 

Ace 

Ham,  Hamero,       namy 

HamH,  HamHX 

name 

Instr 

HamHM 

Hameft 

HamHMH 

Abl 

(0)  HameM 

(0)  Hameft 

(0)  HamHX 

—  585 


^  1 


SI 

X 

X 

2i 

d) 

CJ 

H 

S    H 

X 

«  <2 

V. 

X  s    . 
a;  c;  a> 

a;  c;  a;  a;  ca 

oa  >z> 

s 

oa  cQ  m  oQ 

X 

H 

s 

9S 

-CTi 

=  '^5 

't 

x^  j: 

s  ^ 

^_^ 

CQ 

S 

=  s  S 

s  \o 

0) 

^^ 

H 

H    H    H 

H    O 

>s  >s  _ 

•£v8 

-cr> 

'CD  -o)  ^cn 

-cn  o- 

R  a;  <u  2 

o  o  a  S 

u  o 

,^-^ 

03  DQ  CQ  oa 

03  -2. 

JD 

»s 

'to' 

sS  'S 

.■i 

1              ^o 

s 

in, 

to 

o  o  >. 

Oyo 

-vo^>>    .  <v 

<"  -  -^ 

-S 

-Ct)  VCD  v(D 

H^S 

jQ    U    g    jfl    U 

a;  u  u  <u 

11 

si 

o>.  -§ 

IS 

CO    CQ    CQ    CQ 

CQ  -ii- 

MH 

MHX 

MHM 

MH, 

CEMHX 

X 

3;i 

H 

^    (-■    H 

H  o 

-TO    TO    TO  -TO 

So 

-cn 

-Ch  -<T)  <cr» 

^(T  -iii' 

cj  o  a  u 

s 

S 

^-^ 

»s 

O    ^'O 

_  ^j* 

'>» 

'O 

1 

u  S   u 
<u  <u  a» 

^0)  v(y  s(U 

(X>   o 

■a 

»s  »s  :fy  § 
-TO  ^o  -o  o  J« 
S  S  2  2  -S 

1 

K    S    X 

X    X 

TO    TO    TO    TO 

ss 

S  ^ 

O    CJ    CJ    O 

SI'S 

1 

^ 

sss 

^o 

S^o'>^      o 

i  s  i 

1 

scu  <a)  -a> 

vO;  vO) 

t-   S         2 

1 

K    K    K    ■ 

X    X 

-  O    O      ^  TO 

S  S  S  s  S 

^^ 

TO    TO    TO    TO 

TO    o 

'"^ 

•■O 

,_», 

a  o  a  o 

o  -r^ 

TO 

3* 

X 

S 

S    =^ 

s 

S 

^0^>' 

«<u  o 

X  S 

S    3" 

o 

t?  ^>  o 

S  ^  s 

a  s  s  s 

-s 

H 

a»  D  H 

iJ^x 

>JQ    >a    .Q    J3 

^S 

a" 

3"    3"    y 

3*  vX'-^. 

3*    3*    3*    3* 

^«^ 

'O 

o 

'5' 

S 

sD 

S 

'2's^2 

1° 

■St 

s^ 

^^ 

«    «    O 

sS    <U    O)  sS 

s  ^^ 

o 

S        s 

o)  ja  JQ  oi 

^S 

s 

o  o  o 

«  M  w 

ssl 

3*    3*    3-    3* 

1 

S"^B 

II 

ig-^^ 

ll 

^ 

OCj^ 

:5:OQ'^ 

586  — 


Table  of 


Present   tense  imperfective  aspect  and 

% 

n 

Infinitive 

future 

tense  perfective  aspect 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

Ist  person 

2nd  person 

■  3d  person 

42 

6paTb 

6epy 

6epeiub 

6epyx 

43 

Bbl6paTb 

Bbi6epy 

Bbi6epeiiib 

Bbi6epyx 

44 

pa3o6paTb 

pasSepy 

pa36epeujb 

pa36epyx 

45 

6pbi3raTb 

)  6pbi3>Ky 

6pbi3>KeiiJb 

6pbi3>Kyx 

\  6pbi3raK) 

6pbi3raemb 

6pbi3raK)x 

46 

6pK)3>KaTb 

6pi03>Ky 

6pK)3>KIimb 

6pK)3}Kax 

47 

Aep>KaTb 

Aep>Ky 

;iep>KHuib 

Aep>Kax 

48 

BHSaTb 

BH">Ky 

BH>KeilIb 

BH>KyX 

49 

oTpesaib 

OTpe>Ky 

oxpe>Kemb 

oxpe>Kyx 

50 

BsopBaib 

B3opBy 

BSOpBeiUb 

B3opByx 

51 

BCiaTb 

BCxaHy 

BCxaHeiiib 

Bcxanyx 

52 

Bbi;iep>KaTb 

BbiAep>Ky 

Bbi;iep>!<HLLIb 

BbiAep>Kax 

53 

BblSBail. 

BbOOBy 

BblSOBeiUb 

BblSOByX 

54 

BbinacTb 

Bbinaiiy 

Bbinajiemb 

Bbina;;yx 

55 

KJiaCTb 

KJiajiy 

KJia^emb 

K.na;iyx 

56 

BbinHcaTb 

BbinHLuy 

BbinHLuemb 

BbinHLuyx 

57 

riHcaib 

nHUjy 

nHUiemb 

nnmyx 

58 

BbipsaTb 

BbipBy 

BbipBeiUb 

Bbipsyx 

59 

BbiCKasaTb 

Bb'iCKa>Ky 

BbiCKa>Kemb 

BbicKa>Kyx 

60 

Bbic.naTb 

BblLUJlIO 

BbiuiJieiub 

BblUIJlIOX 

61 

OTOCJiaTb 

OXOUIJIK) 

oxouijiemb 

OXOmJIKDT 

62 

Bbicbinaxb 

BblCbin^HK) 

Bbicbinjieiub 

Bbicbinjiiox 

63 

iiaBaxb 

Jiaib 

Aaemb 

Aaibx 

64 

KynaTb(CH) 

Kynaio(cb) 

Kynaeiiib(CH) 

KynaK)x(cH) 

64a 

B3iKynaTb(cH) 

BbiKynaK)(cb) 

BbiKyna- 
eiub(cH) 

BbiKyna- 

K)X(CH) 

65 

paSoraxb 

pa66xaio 

pa66xaeiiib 

paSoxaiox 

65a 

BbipaSoiaib 

BbipaSoxaK) 

Bbipa6oxaeiub 

Bbipa6oxaK)x 

66 

ApeMaib 

/ipeMJiK) 

;ipeMJiemb 

jipeMjiiox 

67 

OTOSBaXb 

0X30By 

oxsoBeiub 

oxsoByx 

68 

SBaTb 

30By 

30BeiUb 

30Byx 

69 

MaxaTb 

Mamy 

Mameiub 

Mamyx 

70 

MeiaTb 

Meqy 

Meneiub 

Meqyx 

71 

exaxb 

e;iy 

e;iemb 

ejiyx 

72 

Bbiexaib 

BbieAy 

BbieAeiub 

BbieAyx 

73 

Tpeneiaxb 

xpenemy 

xpenemeiub 

xpenemyx 

587 


Verb  Forms 


Past  tense 

Imperative 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

Singular 

Masculine 

Feminine 

6paji 

Bbi6paji 

pasoSpaj] 

6pajia 

Bbi6pajia 

pa3o6pajia 

6pajiH 

BbigpajiH 

pa3o6pajiH 

6epH 

Bbi6epH 

pasSepii 

6pbi3raji 

6pbi3rajia 

6pbi3rajiH 

1    6pbI3>KH 

\  6pfai3raH 

6pHD3>KaJl 

6pK)3>Kajia 

6pK)3>KaJlH 

6pK)3>KH 

Aep>Ka;i 

Aep}Kajia 

jxepvKanu 

Aep>KH 

BHsaJi 

B5i3ajia 

BHSajlH 

BH>KH 

OTpesaji 

0Tpe3ajia 

oxpesajiH 

oxpe>Kb 

B30pBaJI 

B3opBajia 

B30pBaJIH 

B30pBH 

BCTaJT 

Bcxajia 

BCXajlH 

BCXaHb 

Bb'i^epjKaji 

Bbi;tep>Kajia 

BbiAep>KajiH 

BbiAepJKH 

BbI3BaJI 

Bbi3Bajia 

BbI3BaJlH 

BblSOBH 

Bbinaji 

Bbinajia 

BbinajiH 

Bbina^H 

Kjiaji 

Kjiajia 

KjiajiH 

KJiaflH 

BbinHcaji 

BbinHcajia 

BbinHcajiH 

BbinHiuH 

nHcaji 

nHcajia 

nHcajiH 

nHUIH 

Bbipeaji 

Bbipsajia 

BblpBaJlH 

BblpBH 

BtiCKa3aji 

BbiCKa3ajia 

BbiCKasajiH 

BblCKaJKH 

Bbicjiaji 

Bbicjiajia 

Bb'lCJiajlH 

BbllUJIH 

OTocjiaji 

OTOCJiajia 

oxocjiaJiH 

OXOUIJIH 

Bbicbinaji 

Bbicbinajia 

BbiCbinaJiH 

Bbicbinb 

AaBaji 

Aasajia 

AaeajiH 

;taBaH 

Kynaji(cH) 
BbiKynaji(cH) 

Kynajia(cb) 
BbiKynaJia(cb) 

KynajiH(cb) 
BfaiKynaJiH(cb) 

KynaH(c5i) 
BbiKynaH(c5i) 

pa66Taji 
Bbipa6oTan 

padoTajia 
Bbipa6oTajia 

pa66xajiH 
Bbipa6oxaJiH 

pa66xaH 
Bbipa6oxaH 

;ipeMaji 

ApeMajia 

jipeuajin 

/ipeMjiH 

0T03BaJI 

0T03Bajia 

0X03BaJIH 

0X30BH 

3Baji 

3Bajia 

3BaJIH 

30BH 

Maxaji 

Maxajia 

MaxaJiH 

MaUIH 

MeTaji 

Mexajia 

MexajiH 

Me^H 

exaji 

exajia 

exajiH 

(noe3)KaH) 

Bb'iexaji 

Bbiexajia 

BbiexajiH 

Bbie3}KaH 

___ 

Tpenexaji 

Tpenexajia 

xpenexajiH 

xpeneiHH 

—  588  — 


Present  tense  imperfective 

aspect  and 

"■~~ 

Infinitive 

future 

tense  perfective 

'  aspect 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

1st  person 

2nd  person 

3d  person 

74 

6e>KaTb 

6ery 

6e>KkUJb 

6eryx 

74a 

Bbi6e}Ka7b 

Bbi6ery 

Bbi6e}KHmb 

Bbi6eryx 

75 

npHTaib 

npHqy 

npHqeiiib 

npnqyx 

76 

cjibiuiaxb 

cjibimy 

CJlbllUHIUb 

cjibimax 

77 

cnaxb 

cnjiK) 

cnHiub 

cnHx 

78 

BbiKapaS- 

BbiKapaSKa- 

BbiKapa6Ka- 

BbiKapaSKa- 

KaTbCH 

K)Cb 

eiubCH 

KDXCH 

79 

Hcaxb 

>KMy 

JKMeiUb 

>KMyx 

80 

pa3>KaTb 

paaojKMy 

paaojKMeiub 

paaoHCMyx 

81 

BblHCaXb 

BblJKMy 

Bbi>KMemb 

BblJKMyX 

82 

jKaxb 

jKHy 

>KHeiUb 

HCHyx 

83 

HCKaXb 

Hmy 

Hmeiiib 

Hiuyx 

84 

KOBaXb 

Kyib 

Kyeuib 

KyiOT 

85 

KJieBaxb 

KJIIOK) 

Kjiioeinb 

KJIIOlbx 

86 

K0Jie6axb 

K0Jie6jiK) 

K0Jie6jieiiib 

K0Jie6jiK)x 

87 

Haqaxb 

Haqny 

Haqneiub 

Haqnyx 

88 

pH<axb 

P>Ky , 

pjKeilib 

pjKyx 

89 

CKaKaxb 

cKaqy 

CKaqeuib 

CKaqyx 

90 

xbiKaxb 

xbiqy 

xbiqemb 

xbiqyx 

91 

jiraxb 

jiry 

j]>Keiijb 

jiryx 

92 

cbinaxb 

Cbinjiio 

Cbinjieuib 

Cbin.FlK)X 

93 

cxoHaxb 

cxoHy 

cxoHeiiib 

cxoHyx 

94 

rnaxb 

rOHK) 

rOHHlUb 

rOHHX 

95 

Bbirnaxb 

Bb'irOHK) 

BbirOHHUIb 

BbirOHHX 

96 

o6orHaxb 

o6roHK) 

ofirOHHUJb 

cdroHHX 

97 

paaornaxb 

paaroHK) 

paaroHHUib 

paarOHHX 

98 

6ejiexb 

6ejieio 

6ejieemb 

6ejieK)x 

99 

o6eccHJiexb 

o6eccHjieio 

o6eccHJieeiiib 

o6eccHJieiox 

100 

Bejiexb 

BejiK) 

BeJIHLUb 

Bejiflx 

101 

CMoxpexb 

CMOXpib 

CMOXpHlUb 

CM6xp5IX 

102 

6epeMb 

6epery 

6epe}Keiiib 

6eperyx 

103 

neqb 

neKy 

neqeiub 

ncKyx 

104 

Bbixeqb 

BbixeKy 

Bbixeqeiub 

BbixeKyx 

105 

6.necxexb 

6jiemy 

1  6jiecxHiiib 
\  6;iememb 

6jiecxHx 
6jiemyx 

106 

Bepxexb 

aepqy 

BepxHiub 

BepXHT 

_^ 

589 


Continued 


Past  tense 

Imperative 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

Singular 

Masculine 

Feminine 

6e>Kaji 
Bbidewaji 

6e>Kajia 
Bbi6e>Kajia 

SeJKaJiH 
Bbi6e}KaJiH 

6erH 
Bbi6erH 

npHxaji 
cjibiiuaji 

npHxajia 
cjibimajia 

npHxajiH 
cjibimajiH 

npHMb 

cnaji 

BbiKapa6- 
KajiCH 

cnajia 

BbiKapa6Ka- 
jiacb 

cnajiH 
BbiKapa6Ka- 

JlHCb 

cnH 
BbiKapa6- 

KafiCH 

jKaji 

>Kajia 

HcaJiH 

5KMH 

pasjKaji 
BbijKaJi 

pa3>Kajia 
Bbi>Kajia 

pasjKajiH 

BblJKaJlH 

paaojKMH 

BbI}KMH 

jKaji 

jKaJia 

>KaJiH 

}KHH 

HCKajI 

HCKajia 

HCKaJlH 

HUIH 

KOBajI 

KJiesaji 
K0Jie6kJi 

KOBajia 

KJieBaJia 

K0Jie6ajia 

KOBaJIH 

KJieBajiH 
K0Jie6ajiH 

KyH 

KJIKDH 

K0Jie6jIH 

nemaji 

Hanajia 

HaMajiH 

HaqHH 

pjKaji 
CKaKaji 

pjKajia 
cKaKajia 

pjKaJiH 
CKaKajiH 

p5KH 
CKaMH 

TbiKaji 

TbiKajia 

TblKaJIH 

TUHh 

jiraji 

jirajia 

jirajiH 

JIFH 

cb'maji 

cbinajia 

cbinajiH 

Cbinb 

CTOHaJI 

cxoHajia 

CTOHaJIH 

CTOHH 

rnaji 

FHajia 

rnajiH 

rOHH 

BwrHaji 

o6orHaJi 

paaornaji 

6eJieji 

o6eccHJieji 

Bejieji 

CMOTpeJI 

6epgr 
ncK 

Bbirnajia 

o6orHajia 

pasornaji^ 

6ejiejia 

o6eccHJiejia 

BCJiejia 

CMoxpejia 

6eper;i^ 

neKjia 

BbirnajiH 

oGornajiH 

pasornajiH 

6eJiejiH 

o6eccHJiejiH 

BejiejiH 

CMOXp^JIH 

6eperjiH 
neKJiH 

BbiroHH 
o6roHH 
pasroHH 

BejiH 

CMOTpH 

6eperH 
neKH 

BbixeK 

BbixeK  Ji  a 

BbixeKjiH 

BbixeK  H 

djiecxeji 

6jiecxejia 

6jiecxejiH 

6jiecxH 

Bepxeji 

sepx^jia 

BepxejiH 

Bepxii 

590 


Present  tense  imperfective 

aspect   and 

^ 
n 

Infinitive 

future  tense  perfective 

aspect 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

tst  person 

2nd  person 

3d  person 

107 

rJiHflexb 

rJIH>Ky 

rJIHAHlUb 

rJlHAHX 

108 

BbirjiHAexb 

Bbir;i5i>Ky 

BbirJIHAHUlb 

BbirjlHAHT 

109 

06HAeTb(CH) 

o6H>Ky(cb) 

06HAHmb(CH) 

o6hahx(ch) 

110 

BHCeTb 

BHiuy 

BHCHUIb 

BHCHX 

111 

BJieSTb 

BJiesy 

BJie3eiub 

BJie3yx 

112 

BbIJie3TH 

BbiJiesy 

Bbijie3eiiib 

BbiJie3yx 

113 

HeCTH 

Hecy 

Heceiiib 

Hecyx 

114 

BblHeCTH 

BbiHecy 

BbiHeceuib 

BbiHecyx 

115 

rpeMCTb 

rpeMJiib 

rpeMHiiib 

rpeMHx 

116 

AeTb 

Aeny 

ACHenib 

ACHyx 

117 

aasKceTb 

saoHiiiy 

3aBHCHIlIb 

3aBHC5IX 

118 

saMepexb 

saMpy 

saMpeiiib 

saMpyx 

119 

KpHXTeTb 

KpHXMy 

KpHXXHIIIb  ■ 

Kp5IXXHX 

120 

lepneib 

xepnjiK) 

xepnHiiib 

xepnax 

121 

TepeTb(cH) 

xpy(cb) 

xpeiiib(cH) 

xpyx(cH) 

122 

BbixepeTb 

Bb'ixpy 

Bbixpeuib 

Bbixpyx 

123 

pacxepexb 

pasoxpy 

pasoxpeuib 

pa30xpyx 

124 

cxepexb 

coxpy 

coxpeiiib 

coxpyx 

125 

BOCKJIHKHyXb 

BOCKJIHKHy 

BOCKJIHKHemb 

BOCKJIHKHyX 

126 

ABHHyXb(CH) 

ilBHHy(Cb) 

ABHHemb(cH) 

ABHHyx{CH) 

127 

3H6HyXb 

3H6Hy 

3H6Hemb 

3H6HyX 

128 

BbirjiHHyxb 

BbirjiHHy 

BbirjiHHenib 

BbirJiHHyx 

129 

BXHHyXb 

BXHHy 

BXHHeillb 

BXHHyX 

130 

rHyxb(cH) 

rnylcb) 

rHeiub(c5i) 

rHyx(c5i) 

131 

jxyrh 

AyK) 

Ayeuib 

Ay'iox 

132 

BHHyXb 

BHHy 

BHHeiUb 

BHHyx 

133 

xoxexb 

xoqy 

xoqeuib 

XOXHT 

134 

xpycxexb 

xpymy 

xpycxHuib 

xpycxHx 

135 

KHIlieXb 

/  BbI3AOpO- 

KHiuax 

136 

BblBAOpOBeXb 

BbI3AOpOBJIK) 

j        BHIUb 
j  BbI3AOpO- 

[     Beeuib 

BbI3AOpOBeiOX 

137 

Bbijiexexb 

BbiJieqy 

BblJieXHIUb 

Bb'lJieXHX 

138 

Bbiqecxb 

Bb'mxy 

Bbiqxeiub 

Bbiqxyx 

139 

yqecxb 

yqxy 

yqxeuib 

yqxyx 



591 


Continued 


Past  tense 

Imperative 

Si  ng 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

Singular 

Masculine 

Feminine 

rsisijieji 

rjiHjiejia 

rjiH^ejiH 

rjiHAH 

BbirjiHAeJi 

BbirjiHAeJia 

BbirjiHjtejiH 

BbirjiHjlH 

o6HAeJi{cH) 

o6HAeJia(cb) 

o6HAeJiH(cb) 

06HAb(CH) 

BHCeJI 

BHcejia 

BHCeJIH 

BHCH 

BJie3 

BJie3Jia 

BJie3JiH 

Bjie3b 

BbiJies 

BbiJiesjia 

BbIJie3JIH 

BbIJie3H 

Hec 

Hecjia 

HeCJlH 

HeCH 

BblHeC 

BbiHecjia 

BblHeCJIH 

BblHeCH 

rpeMeji 

rpeMejia 

rpeMejiH 

rpeMH 

Reji 

flejia 

jiejiH 

ACHb 

saBHceJi 

saBHcejia 

3aBHcejiH 

SaBHCb 

saMep 

3aMepjia 

saMepJiH 

3aMpH 

KpHXTeJI 

KpHXiejia 

KpHXXeJIH 

KpHXXH 

Tepnej] 

Tepncjia 

xepnejiH- 

xepnH 

Tep{CH) 

Tepjia(cb) 

xepjiH(cb) 

XpH{Cb) 

BbiTep 

Bbirepjia 

BblXepJIH 

BblXpH 

pacrep 

pacTepjia 

pacxepJiH 

pa30xpH 

cxep 

CTepjia 

cxepjiH 

COXpH 

BOCKJlHKHyJI 

BOCKJIHKHyjia 

BOCKJIHKHyJIH 

BOCKJIHKHH 

;iBHHyji(c5i) 

flBHHyjia(cb) 

;iBHHyjiH(cb) 

ABHHb(CH) 

35i6,    3H6HyJl 

39.6  Jia 

3h6jih 

3h6hh 

BbirjiHHyji 

BbirjiHHyjia 

BbllJIHHyJlH 

BbirJIHHH 

BTHHyJI 

BTHHyjia 

BXHHyJlH 

BXHHH 

rHyji(cH) 

rHyjia(cb) 

rHyjiH(cb) 

rHH(Cb) 

jyyji 

AyJia 

flyjiH 

Ayfi 

BHJI 

BHjia 

BHJIH 

— 

xoxeji 

xoxejia 

xoxejiH 

— 

xpycxeji 

xpycxejia 

xpycxejiH 

xpycTH 

~ 

~ 

KHUieJIH 

~ 

Bbi3;topoBeji 

BblSAOpOBCJia 

BbI3;iOpOBeJIH 

BfaI3;iOpOBb 

BblJieTCJl 

BbiJiexejia 

BbiJiexejiH 

BblJieXH 

Bbmeji 

Bbiqjia 

BblMJlH 

Bb'lHXH 

yqeji 

yqjia 

yqjiH 

yqxH 

—  592  — 


Present  tense  imperfective 

aspect  and 

^ 
^ 

Infinitive 

future  t 

2nse  perfective 

aspect 

S  i  n  g  L 

I  lar 

Plural 

1st  person 

2nd  peison 

3d  person 

140 

peBCTb 

pCBy 

peBeiub 

peByx 

141 

onepexbCH 

o6onpycb 

o6onpeiubCH 

o6onpyTCH 

142 

oxnepeTb 

OTonpy 

oTonpeuib 

OTonpyr 

143 

HanpflMb 

Hanpnry 

HanpH>Kemb 

HanpHryT 

144 

menh 

}Kry 

JKHteUIb 

>KryT 

145 

o6>Keqb 

o6o>Kry 

o6o>K}KeiiJb 

o6o}KryT 

146 

KaHTbCH 

KaKDCb 

KaeuibCH 

KaWTCH 

147 

ToponHTb 

ToponjiK) 

ToponHiiib 

ToponHT 

148 

6eCHTb(CH) 

6eiiiy(cb) 

6ecHiiib(cH) 

6eCHT(CH) 

149 

6p6CHTb 

6p6iuy 

6p6cHiiib 

6p6C5IT 

150 

Bbl6pOCHTb 

Bbi6pomy 

Bbl6pOCHIlIb 

Bbl6pOCHT 

151 

SecnoKOHTb 

eecnoKOHD 

SecnoKOHUib 

SecnoKOHT 

152 

6pOAHTb 

6po>Ky 

6p6;iHiiib 

6p6;iHT 

153 

BOSpOAHTb 

BospoMcy 

Bosipomuih 

B03po;tHT 

154 

Bbiropo/iHTb 

Bbiropo>Ky 

BbiropOAHlllb 

BbiropoAHT 

155 

rjia^HTb 

rjia>Ky 

rji^muih 

rjia^HT 

156 

BaJIHTb 

BaJiK) 

BaJlHIUb 

BaJIHT 

157 

UeJlHTb(CH) 

uejiK)(cb) 

UeJIHLUb(CH) 

UeJIHT(CH) 

158 

yKOpe- 

yKopeHK)(cb) 

yKope- 

yKope- 

HHTb(CH) 

HIimb(CH) 

hht(ch) 

159 

BblHCHHTb 

BblHCHK) 

BblHCHHIUb 

BblHCHHT 

160 

Apa3HHTb 

iipasHib 

;ipa3HHmb 

Apa3HHT 

161 

B03BpaTHTb 

BosBpamy 

B03BpaTHIUb 

B03BpaTHT 

162 

BnycTHTb 

Bnymy 

BnycTHiiib 

BnyCTHT 

163 

Bb'inycTHTb 

Bbinymy 

BbinycTHiiib 

BbinycTHT 

164 

B0306H0BHTb 

B0306hOBJIK) 

B0306H0BHmb 

bo3o6hobht 

165 

BbinpHMHTb 

BbinpHMJIK) 

BbinpHMHIUb 

BbinpHMHT 

166 

BOCCTaHOBHTb 

BOCCXaHOBJIK) 

BOCCTaHO- 
BHIIIb 

BOCCiaHOBHT 

167 

Bb'inpaBHTb 

BbinpaBJIK) 

BbinpaBHUJb 

BbinpaBHT 

168 

BCiaBHTb 

BCTaB.aK) 

BCTaBHUIb 

BCTaBHT 

169 

KynHTb 

KynjiK) 

KynHiUb 

KynHT 

170 

BbiKynHTb 

BbiKynJiK) 

BblKynHLUb 

BbiKynHT 

]71 

Boopy- 

Boopy>Ky(cb) 

Boopy- 

Boopy- 

>KHTb(C5l) 

* 

>KHIlIb(CH) 

>KaT(CH) 

172 

Bb'lKJIIOMHTb 

BbiKjiioqy 

BblKJItOMHIUb 

BblKJIlOMaT 

—  593  — 


Continued 


Past   tense 

Imperative 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

^1    nrrii    1    ar 

Masculine 

Feminine 

o  1  n  g  u  1  a  r 

peeeji 

peBCJia 

pesejiH 

peBH 

onepcH 

onepjiacb 

onepjiHCb 

o6onpHCb 

oxnep 

oxnepjia 

OTnepjiH 

OTOnpH 

Hanpnr 

HanpHFjia 

HanpnrjiH 

HanpHTH 

>Ker 

>Krjia 

JKFJIH 

JKPH 

o6>Ker 

o6o>Krjia 

o6o>KrjiH 

o6o>KrH 

KaHJICH 

KaHjiacb 

KaHJIHCb 

KaflCH 

ToponHJi 

ToponHJia 

TOpOnHJIH 

TOponH 

6ecHJi(cH) 

6ecHJia(cb) 

6ecHJiH(cb) 

6ecH(cb) 

6p6cHJi 

6p6cHJia 

6p6CHJIH 

6pocb 

Bbl6pOCHJI 

Bbi6pocHjia 

Bbl6pOCHJlH 

Bbl6pOCb 

6ecnoK6HJi 

eecnoKOHJia 

eecnoKOHjiH 

eecnoKOH 

6po;iHJi 

6poAHJia 

6pOAHJIH 

6po;iH 

BoapoAH^ 

BOSpOflHJia 

B03pOAHJlH 

B03po;iH 

Bbiropo;tHJi 

BbiropoAHJia 

Bbiropo;iHJiH 

BbiropoAH 

rjia^HJi 

rjia;iHjia 

rJiajlHJiH 

rjiaAb 

BajiHJi 

BajiHJia 

BaJIHJIH 

BajiH 

UejIHJl(CH) 

uejiHJia(cb) 

UeJIHJlH(Cb) 

uejib(c5i) 

yKOpeHHJl(CH) 

yKope- 

HHJia(Cb) 

yKope- 

HHJIH(Cb) 

— 

BblHCHHJl 

BblHCHHJia 

BblHCHHJlH 

BblHCHH 

ApaSHHJI 

;tpa3HHjia 

Apa3HHJIH 

jxpasm 

B03BpaTHJl 

B03BpaTHJia 

B03BpaTHJlH 

BoaepaTH 

enycTHJi 

BnycTHJia 

BnycTHJiH 

BnycTH 

BbinycTHJi 

BbinycTHJia 

BbinycTHJiH 

BbinycTH 

bo3o6hobhji 

B0306H0BHJia 

bo3o6hobhjih 

B0306hOBH 

BbinpHMHJI 

DbinpHMHJia 

BbinpHMHJIH 

BbinpHMH 

BOCCiaHOBHJl 

BOCCTaHOBH- 

jia 

BOCCiaHOBH- 

JIH 

BOCCraHOBH 

BbinpaBHJi 

BbinpaBHJia 

BbinpaBHJiH 

BbinpaBb 

BCTaBHJI 

BCiaBHjia 

BCXaBHJIH 

BCXaBb 

KynHJi 

KynHJia 

KynHJiH 

KynH 

BbiKynHJi 

BbiKynHJia 

Bb'iKynHJiH 

BbiKynH 

Boopy- 

B00py>KH- 

B00py>KH- 

B00py}KH(Cb) 

>khji(ch) 

Jia(cb) 

JlH(Cb) 

BblKJlKDHHJI 

BblKJllOMHJia 

BblKJIFOqHJIH 

BblKJIIOqH 

-  594 


Present   tense  imperfective  aspect  and 

" 

^ 

^ 

Infinitive 

future 

tense  perfective 

;  aspect 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

1st  person 

1      2nd  person 

3d  person 

173 

yqHTb 

yqy 

yqHUib 

yqax 

174 

rpaHHHHTb 

rpaHHqy 

rpannqHiiib 

rpanriqax 

175 

;;ojio>KHTb 

jXOJioiKy 

A0Jl6>KHIIIb 

AOJiojKax 

176 

BCKHnHTHTb 

BCKHnnqy 

BCKHnHTHUIb 

BCKHHHXHX 

177 

BCXpeXHTb 

BCTpeqy 

BCTpeXHIlIb 

BCXpeXHX 

178 

;te>KypHTb 

AejKypio 

Ae>KypHiub 

iie>KypHX 

179 

nOMHHTb 

nOMHK) 

nOMHHLUb 

nOMHHX 

180 

BHTb 

BbKD 

Bbeuib 

BblOX 

181 

c6HTb 

C06hK) 

co6bemb 

C06bK)X 

182 

pasSHTb 

pa3o6bK) 

pa3o6beiiib 

pa3o6bK)x 

183 

06jlHTb 

060JlbK) 

o6ojiheuih 

o6o;ibKDT 

184 

0T6HTb 

0T06bK) 

OTo6beiiib 

0X06bK)X 

185 

06HTb 

o6o6bK) 

o6o6beiiib 

o6o6bibx 

186 

Bbl6HTb 

Bbi6b:o 

Bbi6beiiib 

Bbl6bK)X 

187 

rOCTHTb 

roiny 

rOCTHIUb 

rocxHx 

188 

BbipaSHTb 

BbipajKy 

Bbipa3Hmb 

BbipaSHX 

189 

rpesHTb 

rpe>Ky 

rpesHiub 

rpe3Hx 

190 

yB03HTb 

yBOHiy 

yB63Hmb 

yBOSHX 

191 

rp03HTb 

rpoJKy 

rposHiiib 

rp03HX 

192 

KaXHTb 

Kaqy 

kaTHiiib 

KaXHX 

193 

HHCTHTb 

qrimy 

qHCTHIlIb 

qHCXHX 

193a 

BbiqHCTHTb 

BbiHHmy 

BbiqHCTHllIb 

BbiqHCXHX 

194 

>KHTb 

JKHBy 

}KHBemb 

JKHByX 

195 

6pHTb 

6peK) 

6peeiiJb 

6peiox 

196 

THHTb 

rHHK) 

THHeUlb 

rHHK)X 

197 

nOHTb 

noK) 

noHuib 

noHT 

198 

SaTBHTb 

3aTaK) 

3aTaHmb 

3axaHT 

199 

orjiacHTb 

orjiaiiiy 

orJiacHiiib 

orjiacflx 

200 

CTpHqb 

crpHry 

cxpHHceiub 

cxpHryx 

201 

yiIJH6HTb 

yiiiH6y 

ymndemb 

yiiiH6yx 

202 

MOJlOTb 

MejiK) 

Mejieiiib 

Mejiiox 

203 

6op6TbCH 

6opK)Cb 

66pembCH 

66pKDXCH 

204 

TOJioqb 

TOJlKy 

xojiqemb 

xoJiKyx 

205 

^AOCTHMb 

AOCTHrny 

AocTHrHemb 

AocxHrnyx 

206 

3aHTH 

saHAy 

3aHAemb 

saHAyx 

207 

HATH 

HAV 

HAeiiib 

HAyT 

—  595  — 


Continued 


Past   tense 

Imperative 

Sing 

u  1  a  r 

Plural 

Singular 

Masculine       \ 

Feminine 

yqHJi 
rpaHHHHJi 

yqHJia 
rpaHHMHJia 

yqHJiH 

rpaHHHHJIH 

yMH 

JX0J\07KUJl 
BCKHDHTHJl 

AOJIOJKHJia 
BCKHRHTHJia 

H0JI0>KHJ1H 
BCKHnHTHJIH 

JIOJIOTKU 
BCKHnHTH 

BCTpeiHJl 

Ae>KypHJi 

nOMHHJI 

BCTpeTHJia 
;ie>KypHJia 
noMHHJia 

BCTpeTHJIH 

Ae>KypHJiH 

nOMHHJIH 

BCTpeTb 

AeHcypb 

nOMHH 

BHJ] 

c6hji 

pa36HJi 

66J1HJ1 

ot6hji 

o6hji 

Bbl6HJI 

BHJia 

c6Hjia 

pa36HJia 

o6jiH.na 

0T6HJia 

o6HJia 

BbiSHJia 

BHJIH 

c6hjih 

pa36HJIH 
66JIHJIH 

0T6rjiH 
o6hjih 

Bbl6HJIH 

Be  ft 

c6eH 

pa36eH 

o6jieH 

0T6eH 

o6eH 

Bbi6eH 

rOCTHJl 

rocTHJia 

rOCTHJIH 

rOCTH 

Bbipa3HJl 

rpesH.i 

yB03HJI 
rp03HJI 
KaTHJI 

BbipasHjia 

rpe3Hjia 

yB03Hjia 

rpo3HJia 

KaTHJia 

Bbipa3HJIH 

rpe3HJiH 

yB03HJIH 
rp03HJIH 
KaTHJIH 

Bbipa3H 
yB03H 

rpo3H 

KaTH 

qncTHJi 

qHCTHjia 

MHCTHJIH 

MHCTH 

BblHHCTHJl 

BblMHCTHJia 

BbmnCTHJIH 

BbmHCTH 

)KHJI 
6pHJI 

rHHJi 

)KHjia 
6pHJia 

FHHJia 

JKHJIH 
6pHJIH 
rHHJIH 

>KHBH 

6peH 

noHJi 

noHJia 

nOHJIH 

noH 

saxaHJi 

saTaHJia 

3aTaHJiH 

3aTaH 

orjiacHJi 

orjiacHJia 

orjiacHJiH 

orjiacH 

cipHr 
yuiHS 

MOJIOJI 

6op6jiCH 

TOJIOK 

CTpHFJia 

yiijH6jia 
MOJiojia 
6op6jiacb 

TOJIKJia 

CTpHTJIH 

ymiiSjiH 

MOJIOJIH 

6op6jiHCb 

TOJIKJIH 

CTpHFH 

yiiiHdH 
MejiH 

6opHCb 
TOJIKH 

flOCTHr 

sameji 

AOCTHPJia 

samjia 

AOCTHTJIH 

saiujiH 

AOCTHrHH 
3aHflH 

meji 

uiJia 

lUJIH 

HAH 

596 


Present  tense  imperfectlve 

aspect  and 

^ 
« 

Infinitive 

future  t 

ense  perfectly* 

as|)ect 

Singular 

Plural 

1st  person       | 

2nd  person 

3d  person 

208 

Db'lHTH 

BbiHAy 

BblHAeuib 

BblHAyx 

209 

DCKpblTb 

BCKpOlO 

BCKpoeiiib 

BCKpOlOX 

210 

6bITb 

6yjiy 

6yAeiub 

6yAyx 

211 

Bbl6bITb 

Bb'i6y;iy 

Bbi6y;ieiui. 

Bbi6yAyx 

212 

eCTb 

eM 

euib 

CAHX 

213 

rpbI3Tb 

rpbiay 

rpbiaeiub 

rpbi3yx 

214 

AaTb 

AaM 

Aaiiib 

Aa^yx 

215 

Bbi;taTb 

Bb'iAaM 

Bbl^aillb 

BbiAaAyx 

216 

KpaCTb 

KpaAy 

Kpa^t^LUb 

KpaAy-r 

216a 

BLIKpaCTb 

BbiKpa^y 

BbiKpaAeuib 

BbiKpaAyT 

217 

n;ibirb 

n^biBy 

nJibiHemb 

iiJibiByx 

218 

rpecTH 

rpe6y 

rpe6euib 

rpe6yx 

219 

necTH 

Bejxy 

BCAeiiib 

BeAyT 

220 

BblBeCTH 

HblBCAy 

Bb'iBeAeujb 

BUBCAyX 

221 

aanacTH 

aanacy 

aanacemb 

3anacyx 

222 

60HTbCH 

6oibcb 

60HlUbCH 

60HXCH 

223 

BaJlHTb(CH) 

BaJlHK)(Cb) 

BaJlHeLUb(CH) 

BaJlHK)x(CH) 

224 

CeHTb 

ceio 

ceeiiib 

CeKDX 

225 

BbicMeaTb 

BblCMCK) 

BbiCMeeiiib 

BfaicMeiox 

226 

Kaiii./inTb 

KaiiiJiHio 

KamjiHeiiib 

KaiUJlHlOX 

227 

CMGHTbCJI 

CMClbCb 

CMeeujbCH 

CMeibxcH 

228 

aacTpnib 

sacrpHiiy 

sacxpHHeuib 

3acxpaHyx 

229 

K;iHCTb(CJl) 

KJlHHy(Cb) 

KJlHlieiUb(CH) 

KJiHHyx(afl) 

230 

H3-bHTb 

n3biMy 

HbblMeUJb 

H3bIMyX 

231 

MHTb 

Miiy 

Mneiub 

MHyx 

232 

IIOAHHTb 

noAiiHMy 

noAHHMeiub 

noAHHMyx 

233 

HaHHTb 

naflMy 

HaftMomb 

HaflMyx 

234 

CThlTb 

CTtJuy 

CXblHCIllb 

cxbinyx 

235 

BblMblTb 

BtJMOK) 

BblMOeiUb 

BblMOlOT 

236 

B3JITb 

BOSbMy 

BOSbMCUIb 

B03bMyX 

237 

BCaXH 

Besy 

Beseiiib 

Beayx 

238 

BblBeSTH 

BbiBcay 

BbiBeaeiub 

BbiBejyx 

239 

CeCTb 

cH^y 

cHAeuib 

CHAyi 

240 

pacTH 

pacxy 

pacxeuib 

pacxyx 

241 

Bb'ipaCTH 

Bupacxy 

BbipacxeuJb 

Bupacxyx 

242 

UBCCTH 

UBCxy 

UBexeiiib 

ueexyx 

597  — 


Continued 


Past   tense 

Imperative 

Sing 

u  I  a  r 

Plural 

S  1  n  g  Li  1  a  r 

Masculine 

Feminine 

Bbime/i 

BbiuiJia 

BblUIJlll 

BbiH;;H 

BCKpblJl 

BCKpb'lJia 

BCKpblJlH 

BCKpOH 

6biJl 

6biJia 

6bIJlH 

6yAb 

Bbl6bIJI 

Bbi6biyia 

Bbl6bIJIH 

Bbi6yAb 

eji 

ejia 

ejiH 

eiiib 

rpbi3 

rpbisjia 

rpbiBJiH 

rpbi3H 

<aaji 

Aajia 

flaJiH 

JkaPi 

BbiAaji 

BbwaJia 

BbiAajiH 

Bb'ijiaH 

Kpaji 

KpaJia 

KpajiH 

KpaiiH 

BbiKpaji 

BbiKpa.ia 

BblKpaJIH 

BblKpaAH 

njiuji 

njibiJia 

njibiJiH 

njibiBH 

rpe6 

rpe6jia 

rpefijiH 

rpe6H 

Beji 

BCJia 

BejiH 

Bern 

Bbmeji 

BblBCJia 

Bb'lBCJlH 

BblBCAH 

aanac 

sanacjia 

sanacJiH 

sanacH 

60flJlCH 

6oH;iacb 

60HJIHCb 

66ftcH 

BaJlHJl(cH) 

Baji^Jia(cb) 

BaJIH;iH(Cb) 

BaJlflfl(CH) 

ceHJi 

ceHJia 

CeHJIH 

cefl 

BblCMeHJl 

BblCMEHJia 

BblCMCHJIH 

BblCMCH 

KaiilJlH,/! 

KaujJiHJia 

KamjiHJiH 

KamJiHH 

CMCJiyiCR 

CMejijiacb 

CMeJlJlHCb 

CMCHCH 

aacipHji 

aacTpHJia 

sacxpHjiH 

3aCTpHHb 

KJlHJl(CH) 

KJIHJia(Cb) 

K;ifl^H(Cb) 

K.lHHH(Cb) 

H3TjHJ1 

HS'bHjia 

HS-bHJlH 

H3bIMH 

MHJl 

MHjia 

Mfim\ 

MHH 

nOAHHJ] 

nomnm 

nOAHHJiH 

nOAHHMH 

HaHHJI 

HaHHJia 

HaHHJlH 

hbAmh 

CTblJl 

CTbijia 

CTb'lJIH 

CTblHb 

BblMblJl 

Bb'iMbiJia 

Bb'lMblJIH 

BblMOft 

B3HJI 

BBHJia 

B3HJ1H 

B03bMH 

Bes 

sesjia 

BeSJlH 

Be3H 

BblBOS 

BbiBesjia 

Bb'lBe3JlH 

BblBCBH 

ceji 

cejia 

cejiH 

CHAb 

poc 

pocjia 

POCJIH 

pacTH 

BblpOC 

Bbipocjia 

BbipOCJlH 

BbipaCTH 

UBCJI 

UBCjia 

UBe/lH 

ur^eTH 

-  598  — 


Present  tense  imperfective 

aspect  and 

^ 
^ 

Infinitive 

future  tense  perfective  aspect 

Singular 

Plural 

1st  person 

2nd  parson 

3d  person 

243 

rojiocoBaxb 

rojiocyK) 

rojiocyeiiib 

rojiocyicx 

244 

TpeSoBaxb 

xpe6yK) 

xpeSyeiub 

xpeoyrox 

24b 

perHcxpHpo- 

perHCxpHpyK) 

perHcxpH- 

perHCxpHpy- 

caTb 

pyeiiib 

K)X 

24b 

HOMCBaXb 

HoqyKD 

HOMyeiub 

Hoqyiox 

247 

Boesaxb 

BOICK) 

Boioeiub 

BOK)K)X 

248 

MOMb 

Mory 

MO>KeLUb 

Moryx 

249 

jieqb 

jiHry 

jia>KeiiJb 

Jiaryx 

250 

nexb 

noK) 

noemb 

noK)x 

—  599 


Continued. 


Past  tense 

Imperative 

Singular 

Plural 

Singular 

Masculine                  Feminine 

roJiocoBaji 

xpeSoBaji 

perHCTpripo- 

Baji 
HOMeaaJi 
Boesaji 
Mor 
jier 
neji 

rojiocoBajia 

Tpe6oBaJia 

perHCrpHpo- 

BaJia 
HoqeBajia 
BoeBajia 
MorJia 
jierjia 
nejia 

roJiocoBajiH 

Tpe6oBajiH 

perHCxpHpo- 

BaJiH 
HoqesajiH 
BoeBajiH 

MOrJIH 

jierjiH 
nejiH 

rojiocyfi 

xpe6yH 

perHcxpHpyH 

Hoqyfl 

BOIOH 
JIHF 

noH 

LISTS  OF  SUFFIXES 


A.  Inflectional  Endings 

I.  The  Noun 
1.  Masculine  and  Neuter 

Singular 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Nom 

see  Dictionary 

Gen 

see  Dictionary 

Dat 

-y,  -K) 

Aaii  3Ty  KHHpy  Majib^HKy.  Give 
this  book  to  the  boy.  Oh  ryjiH- 
ei  no  nojiK).  He  is  wallting  in 
the   field. 

Ace 

same    as     Nom 
for       inanimate 
nouns      and     as 
Gen  for  animate 

Instr 

-OM,    -CM 

3a  saBOAOM  jiec.  There's  a  for- 
est behind  the  works.  Onti  ;;o- 
BOJibHbi  9THM  caHaxopHCM.  They 
are  pleased  with  this  sanato- 
rium. Ona  npHe^eT  ahcm  n63>Ke. 
She'll  come  in   a  day. 

Pr 

-e,  -H 

Tboh  omkh  b  qeMOAane.  Your 
spectacles  are  in  the  suit-case. 
Oh  ceHMac  Ha  co5paHHH.  He  is 
at  a  meeting  now.  Mbi  fobo- 
pHJiH  0  ero  Spare.  We  spoke 
about  his  brother. 

—     602 


Plural 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Nom 

-bi,  -H  {m) 
-a,  -SI  (/!*) 

3th     CTOJibi     HeAoporne.     These 
tables    are   not    expensive.    F^e 
ero  yqeHHKH?  Where  are  his  pu- 
pils? KaK  AeJia?  How  are  things? 
riojifl      noKpbiTbi     CHeroM.     The 
fields    are    covered    with  snow. 

Gen 

see  Dictionary 

Dat 

-aM,    -HM 

3rHM  saBOAaM    HyjKHbi   pa66qHe. 
These      plants      need      workers. 
H    o6emaji     fleTJiM    noA^pKH.     I 
promised   presents   to    the    chil- 
dren. 

Ace 

same  as  Nom 
or  Gen 

Instr 

-MH 

Oh  Jiib6HT  qafl  c  nHporaMH.    He 
likes  tea  with  pies.    Ona  saHH- 
MaexcH  uejibiMH  ahhmh.  She  stud- 
ies all  days  long. 

Pr 

-X 

Mu  roBOpHJiH    0    ero  AeJiax.  We 
discussed  his  affairs.  HoA-bexajio 
HecKOJibKo    HeJioBCK    Ha    jioma- 
AHX.    Several    people   on    horse- 
back rode  up. 

*  The  few  cases   of    masculine    nouns    having    this    ending    are 
indicated  in  the  Dictionary. 


603     — 


2.    Masculine    Ending    in    -a,  -a  and    Feminine 
Singular 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Nom 

see  Dictionary 

Gen 

see  Dictionary 

Dat 

-e,  -H 

Cxpane     HyncHbi     KBaJiH(|)HUHpo- 
BaHHbie    pa66m\e.    The    country 
needs  skilled    workers.    K    njio- 
ma^H  npHJieraei    napK.    A  park 
adjoins  the  square.  H  AaJi  H^yp- 
Haji  STOMy    KDHoiue.    I    gave  the 
magazine  to  this  youngster.  Oh 
noexaji  k  ahac.  He  went  to  his 
uncle's. 

Ace 

-y,  -K) 

or  same  as 
Nom 

Mbi  yBH^ejiH  npHMyio  Aopory.  We 
saw  a  straight  road.  H  Jiio6jiib  hx 
ccMbK).  I  like  their  family.  H  .^lo- 
6jik)  CBoero  fle^yiiiKy.  I  love  my 
grandfather.      KouiKa      noiiMajia 
Mbiuib.  The  cat  caught  a  mouse. 

Instr 

-H,    -K) 

Ona    B35iJia    KapaHAam     npaBOH 
pyKOH    (pyKOK)).    She    took    the 
pencil  with  her  right   hand.  Oh 
yexaJi  c  ceMbefi.    He  went  with 
his  family.  HoJie  sacenno  pojKbio. 
The  field  is  sown  with  rye. 

Pr 

-e,  -H 

OhH    rOBOpHJIH    06    3T0H     ^eHmH- 

Hc.    They    were    talking    about 
that  woman.  CnojibKo  ;^om6b  na 
njioma^H?     How     many     houses 
are  there  on  the  square?  Mm  sa- 
jiBHjiH  06  3T0M    npH    cy^te.  We 
said  it  in  the  judge's    presence. 

604 


Plural 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Nom 

-bl,    -H 

9th     cxpaHbi      pacnoji6>KeHbi    b 
A(|)pHKe.     These     countries     are 
situated    in    Africa.    3th    k)ho- 
iiiH  —  CTYAeHTbi.     Tiiese     young- 
sters are  students. 

Gen 

see  Dictionary 

Dat 

-aiM,  -«M 

Oh      BcerAa      ycTynaeT     Aopory 
jKenmHHaM.    He    always    makes 
way  for    women.    CyAbJiM    6biJio 
TpyAHO     npHHHTb     peiueHHe.     It 
was  difficult    for    the  judges  to 
come  to  a  decision. 

Ace 

same  as  Nom 
for   inanimate 
nouns  and    as 
Gen    for    ani- 
mate 

Instr 

-MH 

MnorHe  UTHUbi    JieTaiox   CTaHMH. 
Many    birds    fly    in    flocks.  Oh 
CAeJiaji  3T0  CBOHMH   pyKaiwH.  He 
made    it  with     his    own  hands. 

Pr 

-X 

B    3THX     AepeBHHX     MHOrO      OXOT- 

HHKOB.     There  are    many    hunt- 
ers in  these    villages.  3t2l   o6h- 
3aHH0CTb  jie;«HT    na    CTapocTax, 
It  is  the  duty  of  the  monitors. 

—    605     — 

II  The  Adjective 

3.    Feminine,    Neuter,     and     Plural    Endings 
in    Relation    to    the    Masculine    Form 


Masculine 

Feminine 

Neater 

Plural 
(m,  /,  n) 

-biii 

-aa 

-06 

-bie 

KpaCHBblH 

KpacKBan 

KpacHBoe 

KpacHBbie 

jiec 

a    beautiful 

forest 

KapTHHa 

a  beautiful 

picture 

3AaHHe 

a  beautiful 

building 

3AaHH5I 

beautiful 
buildings 

-HH* 

-5151 

-ee 

-He 

BeCeHHHM 

BeCeHH5151 

BeceHHee 

BeceHHHe 

AeHb 

a  spring 

day 

noroAa 
spring 
weather 

yTpo 
a  spring 
morning 

AHH 

spring  days 

-OH 

-an 

-oe 

-bie 

CoJIbHOH 

6ojibHa5i 

6oJibH6e 

6oJibHbie 

MajibqHK 
a  sick  boy 

ACBO^Ka 

a  sick  girl 

AHTH 

a  sick  baby 

AeTH 

sick 

children 

*    For    feminine,  neuter,  and    nominative    plural    forms  of  adjec- 
tives ending  in  -hh  preceded  by  r,  k,  x,  k,  ui,  h,  m  see  Dictionary. 


606      -~ 


4.    Declension 
a.  Masculine  and  Neuter 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Nom 

see  Dictionary 

Gen 

-ro 

y  MeHH  HCT  KpacHoro  KapaH- 
Aama.  I  iiave  no  red  pencil.  r;^e 
npoTOKOJi  nocJiejiHero  co6paHHH? 
Where  are  the  minutes  of  the 
last  meeting? 

Dat 

-My 

Mbi  noAomjiH  k  6ojibiu6My  ^oMy. 
We  approached  a  big  house, 
no  cHHeMy  He6y  nJibiJiH  o6jiaKa. 
Clouds  were  floating  along  the 
blue  sky. 

Ace 

same    as    Nom; 

for   adjectives 
modifying    ani- 
mate  nouns 

same  as  Gen 

Inst 

-bIM,     -HA 

MaJibMHK  pasMaxHBaJi  KpacHbiM 
(|)jia>KK6M.  The  boy  was  swinging 
a  little  red  flag.  Ona  Bcerjia  hh- 
mex  CHHHM  KapaHAamoM.  She  al- 
ways writes      ith  a  blue  pencil. 

Pr 

-OM,    -CM 

H  MHoro  cjibimaji  06  stom  hhtc- 
pecHO  1  cneKxaKJie.  I  have  heard 
much  about  this  interesting 
play.  Tbi  6biJi  Ha  nocjieziHCM  co- 
6paHHH?  Were  you  present  at 
the  last  meeting? 

—       607 


b.  Feminine 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Gen 

Dat 

Pr 

-OH,  -efl 

y      Hee     HCT     KpaCHOH     KOCblHKH. 

She  has  no  red  kerchief.  Zlan 
MHe  HeMHoro  xopomefi  6yMarH. 
Give    me     some     good    paper. 

CKOJlbKO      Jiex       3T0H      MaJieHbKOH 

ACBoqKe?  How  old  is  this  little 
girl?  Ohh  CH/^ejiH  Ha  KpacHBofi 
jiyjKaflKe.  They  were  sitting  on 
a  beautiful  lawn.  Oh  comeji  na 
nocjieAHCH  ocxaHOBKe.  He  got 
off  at  the  last  stop. 

Ace 

-yiO.    -K)K) 

Oh  qHTaeT  pyccKyio  KHHry.  He 
is  reading  a  Russian  book.  Ona 
CAeJiajia  ce6e  shmhiok)  iiianKy. 
She  made  herself  a  winter    cap. 

Instr 

-OH      (-OK)) 

-efi  (-eio) 

Ha  CKaMeHKe  CH;iejia  AeeoMKa 
c  KpacHOH  cyMo^KOH.  A  j^irl 
with  a  red  handbag  was  sitting 
on  the  bench.  Mh  nacjiajKAa- 
jiHCb  xopomefi  noroAOH.  We 
were  enjoying  fine  weather. 

—     608     — 


c.  Plural 


Case 

Indication 

Examples 

Gen 
Pr 

-X 

B  3T0H  KHHre  MHoro  CMeUlHblX 
paccKaaoB.  This  book  has  many 
funny  stories.  B  stom  ropo^e 
Majio  6ojibmHx  ;]om6b.  There  are 
few  big  houses  in  this  town. 
Mbi  roBopHjiH  0  HOBbix  KapxHHax. 
We  spoke  about  new  pictures. 
Oh  HHKor^a  ne  roBopHX  o  qy- 
>KHx  AeJiax.  He  never  talks  about 
other  people's  affairs. 

Dat 

-bIM,    -HM 

3x0  AGJio  m6»:ho  AOsepHXb  xojib- 
Ko  cepbesHbiM  jiioAHM.  Only 
serious  people  can  be  trusted 
with  this  matter.  XopoiuHM  yqe- 
HHKaM  npenoAHecjiH  KHHfH.  Good 
pupils  were  presented  with 
books. 

Ace 

same    as     Nom; 
for  adjectives 
modifying     ani- 
mate nouns 
same  as  Gen 

Instr 

-MH 

Oh  yBJienaexcH  apH(})MexHqecKH- 
MH  saAa^aMH.  He  takes  a  great 
interest  in  sum.s.  Cxojibi  6bi;iH 
noKpbixbi  6ejibiMH  JiHCxaMH  6y- 
MarH.  The  tables  were  covered 
with  white  sheets  of  paper. 

609 


♦   5.    Deg 

r^es    of   Comparison 

Comparative 

Superlative 

-ee 

a.  -aHUi,  -eflui -|- adjective  ending: 

CTapbiH  old  -^ 

BejiHKHH  great  -^  BejiMqafiiuHH    the 

cxapee  older 

greatest 

Ba^HbiH    important  -^  BaHCHewiuHH 

the  most  important 

h.  with  the  help  of  "caMbiH": 

KpacHBbiH  beautiful  -^  caMbiH    Kpa- 

cHBbiH  the  most  beautiful 

III  The  Verb 

A.  6.    Present    Tense    (imperfective  aspect), 
Future    Tense    (perfective  aspect) 


Person  and 

Number 

Indication 

Examples 

ist    person 
sing 

see 
Dictionary 

2nd  person 
s-ing 

see 
Dictionary 

3rd   person 
sing 

-ex,    -HT 

Mtc  oh  jiejiaer?    What   is  he 
doing?    Oh    jik)6ht    KaxaxbCH 
Ha  jibi>Kax.  He  likes    to    ski. 
Oh  c;ieJiaeT  3to  saBxpa.  He'll 
do  it  tomorrow.  Oh  pasSyAHx 
tcSh  b  ceMb.  He'll  wake  you 
at  seven.  Oh  hohact  ly^a  co 
mhoh-  He'll  go  there  with  me. 

610 


Person  and 
Number 

Indication 

« 

Examples 

1st  person 
pl 

-M 

Mbi  ymiM  pyccKHH  5i3biK.  We 
study  Russian.  Mbi  qacio 
i^e.iaeiM  xaKne  ynpajKnenHH. 
We  often  do  such  exercises. 
Mbi  noroBopHM  sasipa.  We'll 
speak  tomorrow.  Mbi  Hsy^HM 
3Ty  npo6jieMy.  We'll  study 
this  problem. 

2nd  person 
pl 

-xe 

^T0  Bbi  BHAHTe?  What  do  you 
see?  3aqeM  Bbi  H^exe  xy^a? 
What  are  you  going  there 
for?  KoFAa  sbi  nofliiexe  xy^a? 
When  will  you  go  there? 
Bbi  yBHAHxe  ero  aasxpa. 
You'll  see  him  tomorrow. 
Bbi  noeAexe  aBx66ycoM?  Will 
you  take  a  bus? 

3rd  person 
pl 

-yx,  -K)x, 
-ax,  -flx 

Oh«  qacTO  6epyx  sxh  JKyp- 
najibi.  They  often  take  these 
magazines.  Ohh  ryjiaiox  no- 
cjie  y>KHHa.  They  go  for  a 
walk  after  supper.  Ohh  qacxo 
cMoipnx  pyccKHe  4)HJibMbi. 
They  often  see  Russian  films. 
rioqeMy  ohh  Kpnqax?  Why 
are  they  shouting?  Kor^a  ohh 
B03bMyx  3XH  raaexbi?  When 
will  they  take  these  news- 
papers? Ohh  He  onosAaiox. 
They  won't  be  late.  Ohh  npo- 
CMoxpflx  cxaibH  B  cy666xy. 
They'll  look  through  the  arti- 
cles on  Saturday.OHH  nojiyqax 
xejierpaMMy  cero^HH.  They'll 
get  the  telegram  today. 

—      611      — 

Note:  The  future  imperfective  is  formed  with  the  help  of 
the  verb  "Cbrrb"  in  the  future  tense  plus  the  infinitive  of 
the  finite  verb: 

Oh  6yAeT  qHTaxb.   He  will  be  reading. 

7.    Past    Tense 


Suffix 

Ending 

Examples 

m 

K 

Oh  6biJi  TaM.  He  was    there. 

f 

-a 

Oh  a  6biJia  TaM.  She  was 
there. 

n. 

-0 

OHCbMo  6bijio  TaM.  Tl.e  let- 
ter was  there. 

Pl 

' 

-H 

Ohh  6biJiH  TaM.  They  were 
there. 

8.    Conditional-Subjunctive   Mood 

Past  tense  forms -|- particle  "6bi"  or  conjunction  "qT66bi": 
51  6bi  nouie.i  Ty^a.  I  would  go  there.  H  xony,  mo^u  ohh 
nouiJiH  TyAa.  I  want  them  to  go  there. 

9.    Imperative   Mood 

Singular:  -h,  -h,  -b 

Plural:      -xe 
roBopH(Te)  no-pyccKH.    Speak    Russian.    OTAbixafllxe) 
peryjiflpHO.     Rest    regularly.    BcTaHb(Te)!    Stand    upl 


10.    The    Participle 
Active  Voice 


Present  Tense    m  -\-  adjective  ending 


qHTaioiuHH 
cjiyuiaiomaH 


Past  Tense         m  +  adiective  ending     B^AeBiuHH 

'  ^  ^       HeClUHH 


—      612       — 
Passive  Voice 


qHTaeMbiH 


Present    Tense      M-f  adjective     ending       i;^^^;;;^' 

P     t  Ten^e      hh -{- adjective      ending      BH/icHiibiH 

^  T -j- adjective     ending      bsAtue 

Note:  Participle    declensions  and  degrees  of  comparison 
as  for  corresponding  adjectives. 

It.    The   Verbal    Adverb 

Imperfective  Aspect  Perfective  Aspect 

-a,  -a  -B 

CTyna  npoMHiae 

KOHMafl 

Note:    Verbal    adverbs    derived    from    perfective    verbs 
end  ng  in    -en  are    formed    with    the   help    of   -(b^iiih:  no- 

SHaKOMHBUJHCb. 

B.  12.  Verbs    Ending   in  -cm   in  the  Infinitive 

-Cfi  is  added  to  the  regular    ending    if   preceded  by  a  con- 
sonant,   or    -cb    if   preceded    by    a    vowel:  cnacaTbca,  cna- 

CTHCb. 


B.  Word-forming  Suffixes 

In    this    List    the  suffixes    are    given   in    boldface    type    and  the 
endings,    if    at  all,  in  standard  type.   The  italicized   words  immedi- 
ately following  the  suffix  (or  the  ending)  denote  the  part  of  speech 
formed  with  its  help,  e.  g.: 
-a-Tb,  -H-Tb  imperf  verbs... 

[Read:  -a-xb,  -H-xb  forming  imperfective   verbs...] 
-aac  m  nouns... 
[Read:  -ajK  forming  masculine  nouns...] 

-a-Tb,  imperf   verbs,    derived   from   prefixed   verbs  of 

-fl-Tb  the  perfective  aspect'. 

sajiesaTb  [zal^i^zat^j  (  ^  saJiesJTb  ^  Jieaxb) 
get  {into),  penetrate  {into); 

BbicejiHTb  [vis^i^l^at^]  ( -«-  BwceJilHTb  -^  ce- 
jiHTb)  evict  {tenants). 

-aw  m  nouns,  denoting  1.  an  action-. 

TpenajK    [tr^i^nash,    -zh]    ( ^  TpeHlHpoBaTb) 
training; 
2.  a  quantity: 

KHJiOMexpaHC  [k^ilam^'i^trash,  -zh]  (  <-  khjio- 
MeTp)  distance  in  kilometres;  the  number  of 
kilometres. 

-anei;  see  -eu  I. 

aHHH  see  -hh. 

-aHT,  m  nouns,  denoting  a  person  who  does  the  action 

-am,  expressed  by  the    basal   word  or  is  in  some  re- 

-CHT  lation    to  what  is  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

KBapxHpaHT  [kvart^irant,  -dj  (  -^  KBapTHp|o- 

Baxb)  lodger; 

oKKviiaHT  [Akupant,  -d]  (  ^  OKKynJHpOBaxb) 
invader,  occupationist; 

anejiJiHHT  [Ap^'i'^Pant,  -dl  (  ^  aneji.TJHpoBaxb) 
applicant; 

onnoHCHT  [ApAn^ent,  -d]  (  ^-  onnoH|HpoBaTb) 
opponent  {in  a  debate,  etc). 


614 


-ax-biH 


a  augm  with  the  meaning  'having  in  abun- 
dance, in  excess'  the  quality  expressed  by  the 
basal  word: 

rjiasacTbiH  [gUzastty]  ( -«- rJiaa)  big-eyed; 
goggle-eyed;  sharp-sighted. 

a,  possessing  or  characterized  by  a  certain  qual- 
ity: 

6opoAaTbiH  [bsFAdatiy]  (  ^  6opoA|a)  beard- 
ed; 

KJieTMaxbifl  [kPet^ch^'atiy]  {<-  KJieTK[a) 
checked. 


-arop  see  -xop. 

-au,H-H  /  abstract  nouns,  denoting  an  action: 

KOJiJieKTHBHsauHH  [kaPikt^'iv'^izatsiya]  (  -^koji- 
jieKTHBH3|HpoBaTb  <-  KOJiJieKTHb)  collcct iviza- 
tion. 

-aM-HH  see  -yn-uu. 

-ea-Tb  imperf  verbs,  derived  from  prefixed  verbs  of  the 

perfective  aspect: 

ysnaeaTb     [uznAvat^]      (  ^  y3Ha|Tb  ^  sHaxb) 
1)    learn,     get    to    know;    2)  find  out     (smb's 
address);      imperf      also      inquire     (about); 
3)  recognize  [an    old    friend,  etc). 


-CB-OH 

see 

-OB-blH. 

-CB-blH 

see 

-OB-blH. 

-eeax-biH 

see 

-OBax-blH. 

-eecK-HH 

see 

-OBCK-HH. 

-CK 

see 

-OK. 

-CMOCXb 

see 

-MOCXb. 

-CHH-e 

see 

-HH-e. 

-CHK-a 

see 

-OHK-a. 

-eHH-blH 

a  rel: 

HMymecxBCHHbiH      [imush^:is^t^v^inniy] 
(-«-  HMymecxBlo)  property  (attr). 


615 


-CHCK-HH,        a,  meaning  'of   or   from  a  place,    district,  vil- 
-MHJK-HH     lage,  etc': 

neHSCHCKHH  [p^en'^z^insk^iy]  ( -f-  IleHaja) 
Penza  (attr); 

flepeBCHCKKH  [d^ir^i'^v^ensk^iy]  (-^nepeB|HH) 
rural;  village  {attr); 

HJiTHHCKHH  [yalt^insk^iy]  (^^Jixja)  Yalta 
(attr). 

-CHT  see  -aHT. 

-CHb-e  see  -HH-e. 

-eHbK-a  see  -oHbK-a. 

-eHbK-Hfi        a  augm  &  dim,  also  expressing  endearment: 

CJia6eHbKHH  [slab^in'^k^'iy]  ( -«- cjia6|biH)  rath- 
er weak;  on  the  weak  side; 

CHHeHbKHH    [s^in^m^k^iy]    ( -«-  chhjhh)  blue. 

-ecTB-o  see  -ctb-o. 

-ecTb  see  -ocTb. 

-eu,I,  m  nouns,  denoting  a  person  1.  coming  from,  or 

-aHei;,         residing  in,  a  country,  city,  place,  etc. 
-oeei;  jieHHHrpaflcu,  [Pin'^ingrad^its,  -dz]  ( -^  JleHHH- 

rpa;i)    Leningradian,     inhabitant     of     Lenin- 
grad; 

nepyaweu  [p^iruan^it^,  -dz]  ( -^  Flepy)  Peru- 
vian; 

2.  belonging  to  some  organization,    party,   etc, 
or  working  at  some  department'. 

HcnojiKOMOseu  [ispAlkomav^itj,  -dz]  ( -t- hc- 
nojiKOM)  worker  of  an  executive  committee; 

pecny6jiHKaHei;  [r^ispubPikan^its,  -dz]  (-s-pec- 
ny6jiHK|a)  republican. 

-eu,  II  m    nouns    dim,  expressing    smallness    in    size, 

endearment,  sympathy,  or  derision: 

xJieSei;  [khPeb^its,  -dz]  (-5-  xjie6)  small  loaf 
of  bread; 

6paTei;  [brat^its,  -dz]  ( ■<-  6paT)  1)  brother; 
2)    old  man /chap  {form  of  address). 

-cMK-a  see  -o^K-a. 

-e4K-o  n  nouns  dim: 

KOJiewKo   [kApech^ka]    ( -«-  KOJibjuo)   ringlet. 


-  616  - 

-H-e,  n  nouns,  denoting  a  state,  condition,  or  quality 

-b-e  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

ocTpoyMHe  [AstrAum^'iya]  (  ^  ocTpoyM|HbiH) 
wit; 

HeHacTbe  [n^i^nas^f'ya]  ( ^  HeHacTJHbifl) 
rainy  /  foul  weather; 

6eccHJiHe  [b^i^s^s^il^iya]  (  <-  SeccHJiblHbm) 
impotence. 

■HBa-Tb,  imperf  verbs,  derived   from    prefixed    verbs   of 

-WBE-Tb       the  perfective  aspect: 

aaceHBaxb  [zAS^eivat^]  (  ^  sace  nib  -^  ceHib) 
sow; 

noAnHCbiBaxb  [pAtp^'istvat'']  (  ^  noAnHCJaTb 
-f-  HHcaxb)  sign  {a  letter,  etc). 

■M3M  m  abstract    nouns,    denoting   a   doctrine,    sys- 

tem, or  practice;  an  action,  condition,  or  quali- 
ty' 

peajiHSM  [r^'iAl^izm]  {<-  peajiJHCT)  real- 
ism; 

onxHMHSM  [Apf'irxi^izm]  ( -^  onTHMJHCT)  op- 
timism; 

TypH3M  [tur^'izm]  (^Typjricx)  tourism; 
hiking. 

-HK  I  m  nouns,  denoting   1.    a   person   who  does  the 

action  or  follows  the  occupation  expressed  by  the 
basal  word: 

XHMHK  [kh^im'^ik,  -g]  (^xhmjhh)  chem- 
ist; 

pjiasHHK  [glAz^n^ik,  -g]  ( -«- rjiasHlofl) 
oculist; 

2.  a  person  characterized  by  the  quality  ex- 
pressed by  the  basal  word: 

osopHMK  [AZArn'^ik,  -g]  (  ^  030pH|6H)  mis- 
chievous person,  mischievous  boy; 

OTJIHMHHK  [Atl''ich*'n''ik,  -gl  (  ^  OTJinqnlbiH) 
excellent  pupil;  excellent  student; 

3.  things  the  characteristic  feature  of  which 
is  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

TynHK  [tup^'ik,  -g]  ( -f- Tynjoft)  blind 
alley; 

rpyaoBMK  [gruzAv^ik,  -g]  (^rpysoeloH) 
lorry;  US  truck. 


617 


-HK  II,  m  nouns  dim: 

-4HK  jioMUK    [dom^ik,    -g]    ( ^  aom)   small  house; 

TBosAHK     [gvoz^'d^ik,    -g]    ( -e-  reosAb)   tack, 
small   nail; 

6JIHHHHK  [bl^in^ch^ik,    -g]    ( ■«- 6jihh)    small 
pancake;  fritter; 

KOJiOKOjibHHK    [kalAkorch^ik,    -g]    ( -t-  kojio- 
KOJi)  handbell,  bell. 

-HH,  m  nouns    with   the  meaning   'of    a  certain  na- 

-aHHH,  tionality;  residing  in,  or  coming  from,  a  cer- 

-flHHH,         tain  country,  city,  place': 
•jiflHHH,  ocexHH  [As^i^f'in]  (  <-  OceTlHH)  Osset; 

'HaHHH  ropo>KaHHH  [garAzhan^in]    (-«-r6po;t)    towns- 

man, city-dweller; 

erHHTHKHH        [yig^'lpt^an^in]        ( -t-  ErHnex) 
Egyptian; 

KHCBjiflKHH  [k^'iyi^vPan^in]  ( -t-  Khcb)  inhab- 
itant of  Kiev; 

xapbKOBHaHHH  [khar^kAfch^an^'in]  ( -^  Xapb- 
kob)  inhabitant  of  Kharkov. 

HH-a  /  nouns,  denoting  the  result  of  an  action: 

uapanHHa  [tjArap^ina]  ( -^  uapanlaib)  scratch, 
graze. 

-HHK-a  /  nouns  dim,  denoting  individual  objects: 

nbiJiHHKa  [piPinka]  ( -(-  nujih)  speck  of  dust; 
necqHHKa     [p^'i^sh^iinka]     ( -f- necoK)     grit, 
grain  of  sand. 

-HHCK-HH        see-encK-m. 

-HCT  m  nouns,   denoting  1.  a  person  connected  with 

or  devoted  to  some  specific  occupation,  profes- 
sion, etc: 

KapHKaiypHCT  [kar^ikatur^ist, -zd]  ( -<- KapH- 
Kaxypja)  caricaturist,  cartoonist; 

nopxpeTHCT  [partr^i^t^ist,    -zd]    ( -f-  nopTpex) 
portrait-painter; 

2.  an  adherent  or  supporter   of  some  doctrine, 
custom,  practice,  etc: 

KOMMyHHCT  [kamun^ist,  -zd]  (  -«-  K0MMyH|H3M) 

communist; 

ryiviaHHCT    [gumAn^ist,    -zd]    ( -t-  ryMaHJHSM) 
humanist. 


—  618  — 

-HCT-uu  a,  having    or    characterized    by    the    qualities 

expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

xeHHCTbiH    [t^i^n^istty]    (  ^  Teiib)    shadowy; 
ropHCTbiH  [gAF^istty]  (  <-  rop|a)  mountainous, 
hilly; 
aaoTHCTbiH  [Azot^istiy]  (  -^  asox)  nitrous. 

-HU-a  I  /  nouns    1.    forming   feminine   from    masculine 

nouns  denoting  a  person's  occupation: 

MacxepHua  [mas^t^i^r^itjaj  (  -«-  Macxep)  seam- 
stress; milliner; 

neBHU,a  [p^i^v^'itsa]  (  -e-  neB|eu)  singer  {a  wom- 
an); 
2.  denoting  the  female  sex  of  animals: 

jibBHua  [Pv^itja]  ( -e-  jieB)  lioness. 

-HU-a  II  f  nouns  dim: 

KaujMua  [kAshftj9]  (  <-  Kaiii|a)  thin  gruel; 
qacxHua    [ch^i^s^t^itja]    ( -«- qacxb)    fraction, 
particle. 

-HU-e  see  -u-e. 

-HHecK-HH       a    1.    having   or    characterized   by    the  quality 
expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

MaxepHajiHcxHHecKHH       [mat^ir^iAPis^t^ich^i- 
sk'^iy]  ( -«- MaxepHajiHcx)  materialist(ic); 
2.  pertaining  to  the  science,  art,  etc,  expressed 
by  the  basal  word: 

reorpacjDHHecKHH  [g^iAgrAf^ich^isk^iy]  ( -^  reo- 
rpa4)|HJi)  geographical. 

•HHK-a  /  nouns  dim,  also  expressing  endearment: 

cecxpHHKa  [s^i^str^ich^k8]  (. <-cecxp|a)  little 
sister;  (my)  dear  sister. 

-HiuK-a  m  8c  f  nouns  dim: 

MajibMHuiKa  [mAPch^ishka]  ( -<- MajibqiHK) 
urchin,  boy; 

cuHHiiiKa  [sin^ishks]  ( -<-  chh)  sonny; 

acMjiHuiKa  [z^i^mrishka]  (  -<-  scmjiIh)  a  small 
plot  of  poor  land. 

-HDiK-o  m  &  n  nouns  dim: 

ropoAHuiKO  [garAd^ishka]  ( -<-  ropoA)  (god- 
-forsaken)  little  town; 

HHCbMHiiiKo  [p^'is^m^ishka]  (  -<-  nHCbMJo)  short 
letter;  unimportant  letter. 


—  619  — 

•Hm-a  /  nouns  augm: 

pyHHma  [ruch^ish^:a]  (  ^  pyKJa)   huge  hand; 
rpHSHma  [gr^i^z^ish^:a]  (  <-  rpnsb):  na  yjiHue 
rpH3Hii;a  it's  terribly  muddy  outside. 

-Hiu-e  m  &  n  nouns  augm: 

jXOMuuxe  [dAm^ish^:9]  (  <-  j[ou)  huge  house; 
nHCbMHu;e  [p^is^m^ish^iaj   (  <-  nHCbMJo)  very 
long  letter. 

-K-a  I  /   nouns    I.    forming  feminine   from   masculine 

nouns  denoting  a  person's  occupation,  a  repre- 
sentative of  a  nation,  nationality,  etc: 

HcnaHKa  [ispanka]  (  <-  HcnaHJeu)  Spanish 
woman; 

apMHHKa  [arm^anka]  (  <-  apMHH|HH)  Armenian 
woman; 

cKpHnaMKa  [skr^ipach^ka]  (  ^  CKpHoaq)  vio- 
linist (a  woman); 

KOMCOMOJiKa  [kamsAmolka]  (  ^  KOMcoMOJijeu) 
member  of  the  Komsomol  (a  girl); 

2.  denoting  a  process  or  action: 
BapKa  [varka]  (  <-  Bap!HTb)  cooking; 

3.  denoting  an  instrument,  tool,  etc: 
-repKa  [t^orka]  (^Tepjexb)  grater; 

4.  denoting  the  result  of  an  action: 
Bbi^yMKa    [vidumko]    (  ^  BbiAyMJaTb)     inven- 
tion; device. 

-K-a  II  /  nouns  dim: 

KuMHaxKa  [komnatka]  ( -«- KOMHaTJa)  small 
room; 

flopojKKa  [dAroshka]  (-«-Aop6r|a)  path, 
walk. 

K-HH  a  1.    having   the   sense   of    'suitable    for     the 

action'  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

KOBKHH  [kofk^iy]  ( <-  KOBJaxb)  malleable, 
ductile; 

2.  having,  possessing  the  natural  qualities 
expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

SBOHKHH  fzvonk^iyj  ( ■<-  3boh)  ringing,  clear 
{voice,   etc). 


620 


-jiuB-UH  a  1.  with  the  meaning  'having  a  tendency  to' 

what  is  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

BopMJiHBbiH  [vArch^Piviy]  (  "r-  BopqjaTb) 
grumbling,  peevish; 

sacyuiJiHBbiH  [zAsushPivty]  ( ^  3acyx|a) 
droughty,  arid; 

2.  denoting  the  presence  of    a    large    degree  of 
what  is  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

AOJKAJiHBbiH  [dAzh^-.Piviy]    (  <-  AomAh)  rainy; 

TajiaHTjiHBbiH  [tAlan'^t^l^iviy]  ( -^  xaJiaHT) 
talented. 

-jibH-UH  a,  denoting  suitability  for  the  purpose  expressed 

by  the  meaning  of  the  basal  word: 

KonHpoBajibHbiH  [kap^irAvaPniy]  ( -«-  KonHpo- 
Ba|Tb)  copying; 

cyiuHjibHbiH  [sushtl^'niy]  ( -^  cymH|Tb)  dry- 
ing. 

•jibiuHK  see  -mHK. 

-jibmHu-a      see  -mHu-a. 

-JISIHHH  see   -HH. 

-MOCTb,  /  abstract  nouns,  denoting  possibility  of,    pre- 

-CMOCTb  disposition  to,  or  the  degree  of  what  is  express- 
ed by  the  basal  word: 

pacTBopHMOCTb  [r9stvAr^im9S^t^,  -z^d^] 
( -«-  pacTB0pH|Tb)  dissolubility; 

3a6ojieBaeMocTb  [zabal^i^vayamss^t^,  -z^d^] 
( -«- 3a6ojieBa|Tb)  sick  rate; 

conpoTHBJiHeMocTb  [saprat^ivl^ayamas^t^, 
-z^'d^]  (  fr-  conpoTHBJiH|TbCH)  resistablHty;  electr 
resistivity. 

-H-HH  a,  denoting  relation  to  time  or  place: 

BeqepHHH  [v^i^ch^ern^iy]  (  <-  Benep)   evening 
{paper,  dress,  etc); 
BepxHHH  [v^erkhn^iy]  ( •<-  Bepx)  upper. 

-H-biH  a,  having,   possessing,  or  characterised    by  the 

quality  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

npHBbiHHbiH  [pr^ivkh^niy]  (  <-  npHBbiM|Ka) 
habitual,  usual; 

ceMeHHbiH  [s^i^m^eynty]  (-<-  ceMbJH)  domestic, 
family  {attr). 


-  621  - 

■HH-e,  n  abstract  nouns,  denoting  1.  an  action  or  pro- 

-Hb-e,  cess: 

-CHH-e,  npeno^aBaHHe    [pr^ipsdAvan^iya]    (  ^  npeno- 

-CHb-e         ^^aea'Tb)  teaching; 

o6MejieHHe    [Abm^i^l^'en^iya]     (  ^  o6Mejie|Tb) 
shallowing; 

KpHBJiHHbe    [kr^ivl^'an^ya]    (  ^  KpHBJiH|TbCH) 
wriggling;  making  faces; 

npHoSpexeHHe    [pr^'iabr^i^t^en^iya]    ( -5-  npH- 
o6peTJatb)  acquisition,  acquiring; 

rjia>KeHbe  [glazhan^ya]  (  ^  rJia;i,|HTb)  ironing, 
pressing; 

2.  the  result  of  an  action: 

npHKaaaHHe  [pr^ikAzan^iya]    ( •<-  npHKaaalxb) 
order; 

3.  mechanisms,  devices: 

saacHraHHe      [zazhtgan^iya]      ( <- aajKHralxb) 
igniter. 


■HHK  m  nouns,  denoting  1.  a  person  following   some 

occupation  or  possessing  certain  qualities: 

MHCHHK  [m^i^s^n^ik,  -g]  (  <-  mhc|o)  butch- 
er; saBHCTHMK  [zAv^is^n'^ik, -g]  (^saBHCTb)  an 
envious  person; 

2.  objects  connected  with  the  meaning  express- 
ed by  the  basal  word  (sometimes  with  the 
prefixes  na-,  HaA-,  noA-): 

rpa^ycHMK  [gradus^n^ik,  -g]  ( ■<-  rpa^yc) 
thermometer; 

noflOKOHHHK  [padAkon^n^ik,  -g]  ( -e-  okhjo) 
window-sill; 

3.  vessels,  containers: 

MaHHHK  [ch^ayn^'ik,  -g]  ( -e-  qaft)  tea-kettle; 
tea-pot. 


■HHu-a  /    nouns,  denoting    a    woman    following    some 

occupation: 

niicaTejibHHua  [p'isat^ipn^itja]  ( ■<-  nHcaxejib) 
lady  writer,  authoress; 

KOJixosHHua  [kAlkhoz^n^itja]  ( -e-  kojixos)  col- 
lective farmer  (a  woman  member  of;  a  collective 
farm). 


—  622 


-HOCTb 


-Hy-Tb 


■Hb-e 

-OB-Ofi 
■OB-blH, 

-OB-OH, 
-CB-blH, 
-^B-OH 


■OBaX-blH, 
-CBaX-blH 


-OBCU 

-OBCK-HH, 
-CBCK-HH 


/  abstract  nouns,  denoting  a  quality,  state,  or 
condition: 

paAHoaKTHBHOCTb  [rad^iAAkt^ivnas^t^,  -z^d^] 
( -(-  paAHoaKTHB|HbiH)  radioact ivity; 

He6pe>KH0CTb  [n^i^br^ezhnas^t^,  -z^d^]  ( -e-  ne- 
6pe}KlHbiH)  carelessness. 

perf  verbs,  derived  from  imperfective  verbs 
without  prefixes  and  denoting  a  momentaneous 
action: 

seBHyxb  [z^i^vnut^]  ( <-  3eB|aTb)  yawn  (in 
sleepiness); 

TpoHyib  [tronut^]  ( -e-  Tp6|raTb)  touch  {with 
the  hand); 

KpHKHyTb  [kr^iknut^]  (-e-  KpHMJaxb)  give  a  cry. 

see  -HH-e. 
see  -oB-biH. 

a,  having  the  quality  characteristic  of  what  is 
expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

;^y66BbiH  [duboviy]  ( -f-  fly6)  oak; 

MexoBOH  [m^ikhAvoy]  ( -«-  Mex)  fur  lattr); 

sapoAbimeBbiH  [zArodishaviy]  ( -«-  aapoAuui) 
embryonic; 

noJicBOH  [p9l^i^v6y]  ( -«- n6ji|e)  field  (attr). 
a   with    the   meaning   1.    'possessing   to   some 
extent'  the  qualities  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

wporoBaxbiH  [daragAvatiy]  (-^Aopor|6H)  a 
little  too  expensive; 

CHHCBaxbiH  [s^in^i^vatiy]  ( -e- chhIhh)  bluish; 
2.  'having,  in  accordance  with'  the  natural 
qualities  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

cyKOBaxbiH  [sukAvatiy]  ( <-  cyK)  branchy, 
with  many  boughs; 

MOJio;;u,eBaxbiH  [malattsi^vatty]    ( -e-  mojioacu) 
dashing,  sprightly. 
see  -eu. 

a,  having,  possessing,  or  characterized  by  the 
qualities  typical  of  what  is  expressed  by  the 
basal  word: 

cxapHKOBCKHH  [star^'lkofsk^'iy]  ( -e-  cxapHK) 
senile; 

KopoJicBCKHH  [karAl^cfsk^iy]  ( -^  Kopojib) 
royal,  king's;  queen's. 


623   — 


•CK 


-OHbK-a, 

-eHbK-a 


-OCTb, 
-eCTb 


-OHK-a, 
-CHK-a 


-CK-Hfl, 
-CK-OH 


m  nouns  dim,  also  expressing  endearment'. 

jiHCTOK  [l^istok,  -g]  (  ^  jihct)  small  leaf; 

neiyiiioK  [p^itushok,  -gj  (  <-  nexyx)  cockerel; 

pyneeK    [ruch^i^yok,     -g]    {<-  pyqelfi)     tiny 
brook,  streamlet. 
/  nouns  dim,  expressing    1.   derision,  contempt'. 

AyiuoHKa  [dushonka]  (-^-Aymia)  (mean)  soul; 
2.  endearment: 

cecTpcHKa    [s^i^str^onka]    (^cecrpja)    little 
sister;  (my)  dear  sister. 
f  nouns  dim,  also  expressing  endearment: 

6epe30HbKa  [b^i^r^ozan^ka]  {<-  Cepeaja)  little 
beautiful  birch; 

AymeHbKa  [dushan^ka]  (-«-  Jiyuija)  my  dear. 
/  abstract  nouns,  denoting  quality,  state,  or 
condition: 

njiaHOBOcTb  [planavas^t^,  -z^d^]  (-f-  njiano- 
BJbiH)  planned  character;  development  accord- 
ing to  a  plan; 

apejiocTb  [zr^elas^t^,  -z^d^]  (-«-  apejilbifl) 
maturity,  ripeness; 

CBe>KecTb  [s^v^ezhas^t^,  -z^d^]  (-e-  cBejKlHH) 
freshness;  coolness. 

/  abstract  nouns,  denoting  quality,  state,  or 
condition: 

KpacHora  [krasnAta]  (-t-  KpacHlbifl)    redness; 

necxpoxa  [p^'istrAta]  (-^  necxpjbiH)  diversity 
of  colours. 

/  nouns  dim: 

jieHxoHKa  [Pentach^ka]  {<-  JieRxJa)  narrow 
ribbon;  short  ribbon; 

KouieHKa  [koshach^ka]  (-e-  K6m|Ka)  pussy-cat. 

a  1.  having,  possessing,  or  characterized  by  the 
qualities  typical  of  what  is  expressed  by  the 
basal  word: 

6paxGKHH  [bratsk^iy]  (-«-  6pax)  fraternal; 

ropoACKOH      [garAtjkoy]     (^  ropoA)      urban, 
town    (attr),  city    (attr);    municipal; 
2.    with    the   meaning    'of   or    from    a    place, 
district,  village,  etc': 

capaxoBCKHH  [sAratafsk^iy]  (-^  CapaxoB)  Sa- 
ratov (attr). 


624  — 


-CK-OH  see      -CK-HH. 

-cTB-0,  n  abstract  &  collective  nouns,  denoting  a  quality, 

-eciB-o      s/a/e,  or  occupation: 

aBTopcTBO    [aftarstva]    {  <-    aBTOp)   authorship; 

yqeHHHecTBo  [uch''i^n''ich''istv9]  (  ■<-  y^ieHHK) 
pupilage;  apprenticeship; 

CTyAeHqecTBo  [stud^en^ch^istv9]  ( -«-  ciyAeHT) 
1)  the  students;  2)  student  days; 

BopoBCTBo  [varAfstvo]  {<-  BopoBlaxb)  stealing, 
thieving; 

KOBapcTBo  [kAvarstva]  (  -«-  KOBap|HbiH)  insid- 
iousness,  perfidity. 
-Cfl  perf    &    imperf  verbs  1.  denoting  an  action  di- 

rected at  the  subject: 

yMbiBaibCfl  [umivattja]  (  -e-  yMbmaxb  ceSa) 
wash  (oneself); 

2.  denoting  a    reciprocal  action  of  two  or  more 
people  or  things: 

BCTpexHTbCfl  [fstr^'et^ittja]  (  -^  BCXpeTHTb) 
meet  {of  people,  lines,  etc); 

3.  that  are  passive  forms   of    transitive  verbs: 
CTpoHTbCH  [stroittja]  ( -«-  cxpoHib)  be  built. 

-TCJib  m  nouns,  denoting  a  person's  occupation: 

BocnHxaxejib  [vasp^itat^il'']  ( -«-  BocnHxa|xb) 
educator; 

MeMxaxejib  [m^i^ch^tat^il^]  (  -f-  Menxalxb) 
day-dreamer. 

-TCJibH-HH  a,  denoting  1.  the  presence  of  the  quality  ex- 
pressed by  the  basal  word: 

OAo6pHTejibHbiH  [AdAbr^if'iPnty]  (<-  oj;66- 
pHJxb)    approving; 

ynoxpe6HTejibHbiH  [upatr^i^b^it^il^nty] 

(  -«-  ynoxpe6Hlxb)  widely  used,  in  common  use; 
2.  suitability  for  the  purpose  expressed  by  the 
meaning  of  the  basal  word: 

ocBexHxejibHbiH  [As'^v'^i^t^it^il^niy]  {<-  ocse- 
THJrb)  illuminating. 

-TOp,  m  nouns,  denoting  the  agent  or  doer  of  an  action: 

-axop  /iHpeKxop  [d^'ir^'ektar]  ( -<-  AHpeKJUHH)  direc- 

tor, manager; 

aPHxaxop  [Ag^itatar]  ( -*-  arHxjauHH)  propa- 
gandist; canvasser. 


^__ —  625  -       • 

-yH  m  nouns,  denoting  the  agent  or  doer  of  an  action: 

6ojiTyH  [bAltun]  ( -«-  SoJixjaTb)  talker,  chat- 
terer; gessip,  tattler. 

-yn-bH  /  nouns,  denoting  the  agent  or  doer  of  an  action: 

BopMyHbH  [vArch^un^ya]  (  ^  Bopq|aTb)  grum- 
bler {a  woman). 

-yp-a  /  abstract  &  collective  ncuns,  denoting  an  occu- 

pation, science,  art,  or  a  group  of  persons  fol- 
lowing some  profession: 

a/^BOKaxypa  [AdvakAtura]  (  ^  aABOKaT)  1)  le- 
gal profession,  the  bar;  2)  the  lawyers,  the  bar; 

apXHTCKiypa  [Arkh^it^i^ktura]  (  <-  apxHieK- 
T|op)  architecture. 

■yM-HH,  a   with    the    meaning   'having,    possessing,  or 

-K)H-HH,       characterized  by  the  quality  expressed  by  the 
-an-HH,        meaning  of  the  basal  word: 
-jiH-HH  naxywHH  [pAkhuch^iy]  ( -e-  nax|HyTb)  smelly; 

ropioHHH  [gAr^uch^iy]  {<-  rop|eTb)  combusti- 
ble; 

jieJKawHH  [Pi^zhach^iy]    (  <-  Jie}K|aTb)    lying 
{of  position); 
BHCH4HH  [v^is^ach^iyj  (  <-  BHc|eTb)  suspended. 

•yiDK-a,  m  &  f  nouns  dim,  also  expressing  endearment: 

-lOuiK-a  ReAyuiKa    [d^edushka]  (  ^  aga)  granddad; 

TexymKa  [t^otushka]  ( -«-  tctIh)  aunty; 
AHAKJiiiKa  fd^ad^ushka]  ( -s-  ahaJh)  (my  dear) 
uncle. 

■ym-HH,  a  augm: 

-lom-HH  SoJibiuymHH    [bAl^shush'^:iy]    (  -«-  SojibuijoH) 

huge,  great  big; 
3JiibmHH  [z^l*'ush^:iyj  (  <-  3ji|oh)  very  angry. 

n  nouns  dim: 

3epKajibi;e  [z^erkal^tja]  (  -f-  sepKajilo)  small 
looking-glass; 

AepeBuo  [d^ir^i^ftjo]  (  ^  AepeB|o)  small  tree; 

njiaxbHue  [plat^itja]  ( ■<-  njiarbje)  dress  for 
a  little  girl. 

see  -a-e. 

see  -HH. 


626 


-Har-biH  a   augm    with  the  meaning   'made  of,   looking 

like'  what  is  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

6peBeHHaTbiH  [br^i^v^en''ch''8t*y]  (  -«-  6peBH|6) 
timbered; 

yaopHarbiH    [uzorch^atty]    (  ■<-  yaop)  figured, 
patterned. 

-HHB-biH  a   with    the  meaning  'tending  to,  inclined    to 

the  action'  expressed  by  the  basal  word: 

saAyMHMBbift  [zAdumch^'ivty]  (^  3aAyM|aTbca) 
thoughtful,  pensive;  melancholy. 

•HHK  I  see  -mHK. 

-MHK  II  see  -HK  II. 

-MHU-a  see  -mHu-a. 

-ui-a  /  nouns,  denoting  1.  a   woman   following   some 

occupation: 

ceKperapma    [s^'ikr^'i^tarsha]  (  -^  ceKperapb) 
secretary  [a  woman); 

2.  the  wife  of  fhe  person  expressed  by  the  bas- 
al word: 

reHepajibuia     [g^m^'i^raPsha]    (  <-  renepaji) 
general's  wife. 

-uiHK,  m  nouns,  denoting  1.  a  person's  occupation: 

-HHK,  KOHTopiuHK  [kAntorsh'^'.ik,  -g]    ( -«- K0HT6p|a) 

-Jibui^HK        clerk; 

nyjieMeTMHK  [pul^'i^m^'ot^ch^ik,  -g]  ( -^  nyjie- 
mct)  machine-gunner; 

nepeeoaqHK    Ip^'ir^i^vosh^nk,     -g]    ( -<- nepe- 
B03|HTb)  ferryman;  boatman; 

noAHHCHMK    [pAtp^ish^iik,    -g]  ( -f- noAHHclbi- 
BaTbCH)  subscriber  (to  a  newspaper,  etc); 

saCacTOBiuHK    !z8bAst6fsh'':ik,    -g]    ( -t- 3a6a- 
CTOB|aTb)  striker; 

eojiejibiuMK    lbAl''el''sh'':ik,    -g]    ( -«- Cojiejib) 
sport  fan; 
2.  instruments,  mechanisms,  devices: 

goMSapAHpoBiuHK     [bambard^irofsh^'rik,      -g] 
(  <- 6oM6apflHpoBlaTb)  bomber; 

cMexMHK  lsh^:6t''ch''ik,  -gj  ( -*-  cnex)    lechnol 
counter. 


627  — 


-lUHH-a 


>mHU-a, 

-HHU,-a, 


■biBa-Tb 

WUIK-O 

b-e 

I 

■b-e 

II 

/  abstract  nouns,  denoting  certain  social  phe- 
nomena, trends,  often  derisive,  negative: 

o6biBaTejibm,HHa  [Abivat^iPsh^iina]  ( -^- o6hi- 
Baxejib)  Philistinism. 

/  nouns,  denoting  a  woman  occupied  in  some 
trade,    pf  of  ess  ion: 

rapziep66u;Hu.a  [gard^i^ropsh^ritsa]  (  <-  lapAe- 
p66)  cloak-room  attendant  {a  woman); 

6y4DeTHHua  [buf^et'ch^itsa]  (  <-  6y^eT)  bar- 
maid; 

noAaBajibiuHua  [p9dAvaPsh^:it^9]  (  ^  noAa- 
BaJTb)  waitress  {at  a  dining  establishment). 

see  -HBa-Tb. 

n  nouns  dim^  also  expressing  endearment: 

aepHbiiuKO  [z^ornishka]  (  -^aepHJo)  small 
grain. 

see  -H-e. 

n  nouns,  denoting  a  place,  region  (with  the 
prefixes  b3-,   sa-,   no-,   noA-,   npe^-,   npH-); 

BSMOphe  [vzmor^ya]  (  <-  M6p|e)  seaside;  sea- 
shore; beach  {of  a  sea); 

no6epe>Kbe  [psb^i^r^ezhya]  (  <-  6eper)  (sea) 
coast,  seaboard; 

npeflropbe  [pr'^i^dgor^ya]  (  -e-  ropja)  foothills. 


■K)H-HH 

see 

-yq-HH. 

K)UJK-a 

se^^ 

-yuiK-a. 

lOm-HH 

see 

ym-HH. 

■fl-Tb 

see 

-a-Tb. 

SIHHH 

see 

-HH. 

•flHT 

see 

-aHT. 

■JIH-HH 

see 

yq-HH. 

A  GUIDE  TO  RUSSIAN  PRONUNCIATION 


by  V.  A.  VASSILYEV 

Lecturer  in  English  Phonetics 

Moscow  State  Institute 

of  Foreign  Languages 


The  Type  of  Pronunciation  Represented 

The  pronunciation  represented  in  this  dictionary  is  typi- 
cal of  educated  Russian  speech  in  its  not  too  rapid  collo- 
quial and  not  too  slow  public  discourse  styles. 

The  Phonetic  Alphabet 

The  phonetic  alphabet  employed  consists  mostly  of  those 
Latin  letters  and  their  combinations  which,  in  certain 
English  words  spelt  conventionally,  stand  for  speech-sounds 
similar  to  Russian  sounds. 

English-speaking  users  of  the  dictionary  should  bear  in 
mind,  however,  that  although  there  is  similarity  of  vary- 
ing degree  between  certain  Russian  and  English  sounds, 
there  is  not,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  a  single  sound  in  Russian 
quite  identical  with  any  English  sound.  Therefore  it 
should  always  be  remembered  that  Russian  and  English 
sounds  denoted  by  the  same  Latin  letters  and  their  com- 
binations are  actually  different.  These  points  of  difference 
are  described  in  this  Guide  and  should  be  observed 
by  English-speaking  learners  of  Russian  as  closely  as 
possible. 

Those  Russian  sounds  which  bear  no  resemblance  to  any 
English  sounds  whatsoever  are  denoted  by  special  symbols, 
most  of  which  are  taken  from  the  alphabet  of  the  Inter- 
national Phonetic  Association  (IPA). 

Comparison  with  English  Pronunciation 

Russian  pronunciation  is  compared  in  this  Guide  mainly 
with  Southern  English,  or  Received,  Pronunciation  (RP), 
General  American  (GA)  and  Eastern  American  (EA)  Pro- 
nunciation. 


-  632        - 


0^  ^ 

O  CO 

'o  o 

^  c/) 

E  c 


O) 

3 

•a 

<U    CO    E 

y—^  cu       a> 

^1 

X2    CO  J5    3 

1^ 

-^3i!   ^ 

CO     >     CO 

revi 
Zeu 
regi 

C3 

'tx-     ^ 

u 

u,   3 

O 

o.  c 

C 

0,0 

c? 

<s. 

^3  -^    00 

lever 
ozone 
azure 
aha! 

c 

«5,  0  "a  CO 

CO    !>    CO 

o 

2 

na 

O) 

.^ 

"eg  _ 

,__,, , 

, , 

'o 

^^-f->  ^3 

•a     >fl     5"" 

> 

CO  — 

X>  |T3  cn 

,  • 

s^ 

■"^ 

c^ 

--N 

c 

s. 

i3  -a 

^ 

^  'O    CD 

'S. 

2]N]-g    05 

^S  ^ 

CO 

Vw 

N^^ 

O-f- 

i 

■5; 
.5 

2 

2 
'0 

.§ 

3 

Q. 

c 

,^-v  0)    (D 

A 

'-^ 

3 
1 

3^  OJ 

1*, 

^  -uj:  §) 

a,  00  u< 

OJ    3    <«   3 

^c 

C«    CO     C/5 

csi 

«=    cfl    CO.C 

^.2 

CO  "*^ 

E 
0 

-N 

1 

(a) 
lelper 
tar 
kulk 

0)     -ii 

I-, 
0, 
a. 

fine 
sun 
shor 
loch 
(Scot 

1 

< 

-C    CO    c/) 

. 

^ij 

_ 

■^■^H-I  T3 

^■5  J 

•a    V]    d 

^ — ^' — ','^■7^- 

CI. 

-^v. 

1.^1 

On^^risS 

ESfl 

"^  C   CO 

o-*- 

2:  '^ 

—    633     — 


<u 

^.^ 

SI     1 

w 

T3     1 

C3 

CD 

C 

^ 

1-^ 

n 

3 

o 

E 

c 

z; 

0^ 

CO 

o 

E 

JO 

>> 

i 
i 

1 

c  n  —  >■' 

m  O     W  *- 

2  2    0;  OJ 

c  Ex:  > 


a 


E  c:i-r  >; 


.^ 

CO 

n 

cd 

a 

<Z 

3 

03 

p__ 

o 

^"^ 

^)t 

c 
o 

^' 

o 

(/) 

2: 

J   ♦ 

>3 

QJ 

S 

^ 

1     ^ 

c^ 

W 

N 

^_^ 

C     1 

C3 

x:   ' 

1 

03 

1 

\% 

"^13 

CJ 

a 

Fc^^l 


o  ^ 
2^ 


-  634    - 


B.    Vowels 


Continued 


Unob- 
scured 

Obscured 
(un- 

Approximate pronunciation 

stressed) 

(a) 

(b) 

(a) 
father 

(b) 

[a] 

[A] 

(in  EA) 
aye 

(without  y, 
in  RP) 

quite  unknown 

[0] 

19] 

November 

sofa 

(without  u) 

ago 

In] 

— 

pulley 

— 

li] 

— 

chintzes 

— 

in 

— 

police 

— 

lei 

— 

Dell 

[i^l 

intermediate 
between  [i]  and  [e] 

vn 

— 

intermediate 
between  [4]  and  [e] 

[>1 

— 

city  (in  RP) 

Russian  Unobscured  Vowel  Sounds 
Represented  by  the  Letters  a  [a],  o  [o],  y  [u],  bi  [i],  s  [e] 

As  far  as  the  distinctness  of  vowel  quality  is  concerned 
vowel  sounds  in  Russian,  as  in  English,  fall  into  two  class- 
es: strong,  distinct,  unobscured  vowels,  which  occur  mostly 
in  stressed  syllables,  and  weakened,  obscured  vowels, 
which  can  only  occur  in  unstressed  syllables.  However, 
some  unobscured  vowel  sounds  in  Russian,  as  in  English, 
can  also  occur  in  unstressed  syllables. 

Both  an  unobscured  and  an  obscured  vowel  sound  is  rep- 
resented in  Russian  spelling,  as-  in  English,  by  one  and 
the  same  letter.  Table  1  deals  with  unobscured  vowels, 
some  of  which  occur  in  unstressed  syllables  as  well. 

The  unobscured  vowel  sound  of  a  Russian  vowel  letter 
represents  its  sound  value  1,  which  always  coincides  with 
the  vowel  sound    pronounced    in  the    alphabetical  name  of 

11111 
the  letter,  e.  g.  a  iS  [a],  o  is  [o],  y  is  [u],  bi  is  [i],  a  is  [e]. 


-   635 


Table'  1 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


Aa  = 

J  a 
[a] 


1.  [a] 


Like  the  first  element  of  the  RP 

diphthong  [au],  as  in  now,  the  EA 

[a]  in  father,  or  the  RP  [a]  in  cut 

(but    a    little    broader    than    [a]). 

in  father,  but   longer  than  [a]*. 


Shorter  than  [a 

ai=[a]  only  under  stress. 

E.g.      Aa        [a]       The  Russian  letter  a 
a       [a]       and,  but 
al       [a:]     ahi,  eh! 


Like  o  in  obey,  November,  molest 
(when  no  [u]  is  pronounced  after 
it  and  when  not  obscured  to  [a]). 
Preceded  in  Russian  by  a  faint 
[u]  — glide. 
0  =  [o]  only  under  stress. 

E.g.      Oo       [o]       The  Russian  letter  o 

0  [o]        about  prep 

01  [o:]      oh! 

Note.  In   a    few    loan-words   o  =  [o]    in   an  unstressed 
syllable  as  well. 


Like  «  in  full,  pat,  pulley,  but  a 
little    higher    and    more  back.  The 
lips  in  Russian    are    more    rounded 
and  protruded, 
[u]  both  in  stressed  and  unstressed  syllables. 
E.g.       yy        [u]        The  Russian  letter  y 
y        [u]        by,  with,  at  prep 
yl       [u:]       int 


*  Variations  in  the  length  of  Russian  vowel  sounds  never  distin- 
guish words  otherwise  alike.  Russian  vowels  are  considerably 
lengthened  only  In  emotional  speech,  as  In  interjections  (the  iengtl?- 
mark  used  in  this  dictionary  is  [:]). 


-  636     — 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


■  ^  J  No  English  sound   even  remotely 

resembles     this      characteristically 
[i]  Russian  vowel.  In    pronouncing  [i] 

the  central  part  of  the   tongue  (the 

one  opposite  the  middle  of  the  roof  of  the  mouth)  is 
raised  high  in  the  form  of  a  hunch,  and  the  lips  are 
spread.  Keeping  the  lips  in  this  position,  aim  at  pro- 
nouncing a  vowel  intermediate  in  quality  between  the 
sound  [u]  in  pull  and  the  sound  [i]  in  pill,  but  nearer 
to  the  latter. 

bi=:[i]  both  \n  stressed  and  unstressed  syllables. 

E.g.  bi     [i]  The  Russian  letter  w 


Like  e  in  well,  bell.  Still  more 
like  the  Russian  [e]  is  the  first 
element  of  the  RP  diphthong  [ea] 
as  in  where,  bare. 

3=[e]  both  in  stressed  and  unstressed  syllables. 
E.g.       33      [e]        The  Russian  letter  a 
3!      [e:]      eh! 


Sonorous  Consonants  (Sonorants)  [m],  [n],  (IJ,  |r],  [y) 
Represented  by  the  Letters  m  [em],  h  [en],  ji  [el],  p  [er],  h 

The  Russian  [m],  [n],  [1],  [r]  and  [y]  are  similar  to 
their  English  counterparts,  as  in  man,  month,  health,  very 
and  yes  respectively. 

But  the  Russian  [m],  [n]  and  [1]  are  never  so  long  as 
their  English  counterparts  after  a  stressed  short  vowel  in 
word-final  position  (cf  English  mam  with  Russian  MaM 
[ream]  fern,  gen,  pi  of  the  noun  meaning  mamm.a,  mammy). 

Sound  value  1  of  a  Russian  consonant  letter  is  always 
the  consonant  sound  pronounced    in  its  alphabetical  name. 


637      — 


Thus  sound  value  1  of  the  letter    m  [em]  is  [m]  (M  =  [m]), 
1 
H  [en]  is  [n],  etc. 

The  letters  m  [em],  h  [en],  ji  [el]  and  p  [er]  have 
their  sound  value  1,  i.e.  are  pronounced  as  [m],  [n],  [1]  and 
[r]  respectively,  in  the  following  positions: 

(a)  before  the  letters  a,  o,  y,  bi,  a; 

(b)  at  the  end  of  a  word; 

(c)  after  any  vowel  letter; 

(d)  before  a  non-palatalized  consonant; 

(e)  after  both  non-palatalized  and   palatalized  conso- 
nants (for  palatalization,  see  p.  XLVII). 

The  letters  m,  h,  ji  and  p  are  pronounced  as  sonorous 
consonants  in  all  positions. 

Table  2 


Russian 
letters 

Their 

sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

Mm  = 

1.    [IT 

i] 

Practically  the  same,  and  as  short 

in  all 

positions,  as  m  in  map,  fa- 

[em] 

moas. 

The  Russian  letter  m 

E.g. 

M   M 

[ei 

Tl] 

yM 

[urn] 

mind,  intellect 

yMa 

[uma] 

of  the  mind  (gen,  sing) 

yMy 

[umu] 

to  the  mind  {dat,  sing) 

yMOM 

[umom] 

by  the  mind  (instr,  sing) 

yMbi 

[umf] 

minds  [nom,  ace,  pi) 

yMaM 

[umam] 

to  the  minds  {dat*  pi) 

Mbl 

[mi] 

we 

MaMbi 

[mami] 

mammies  {nom,  pi) 

MaMbi 

mamt] 

of  mammy  {gen,  sing) 

yMa  Mbl 

u  mami] 

at  mammy's  (place)  {gen,  sing) 

MaMy 

[mamu] 

mammy  {ace,  sing) 

MaM 

[mam] 

mammies  {gen,  ace,  pi) 

Note  I.  For  the  position  of  word  accent  in  Russian,  as  in 
English,  there  are  no  invariable  rules:  the  accent  in  diffe- 
rent words  may  fall  on  any  syllable  (initial,  final,  penultimate, 


—      638     - 

^■■1  nam     I        !■— ^<— — w^— — ^     II     Lii  I  Ill-Ill    11 nil    ir     ii   mam  nix— tMM— 

etc.).  Therefore  it  is  necessary  for  tlie  foreign  student  to 
learn  the  accent  of  every  word  individually.  Since  the 
accent  is  not  marked,  as  a  rule,  in  the  conventional  spel- 
ling oi  Russian  words,  in  this  dictionary  it  is  indicated  in 
the  transcription  of  words  of  more  than  one  syllable  by 
the  acute  and  grave  stress  marks  placed  above  the  vowel 
letters,  i.e.  [']  for  primary  stress  and  [']  for  secondary 
stress.  Stress  in  monosyllables  pronounced  in  isolation  is 
taken  for  granted  and  not  marked. 

No^.c  2.  Syllable  division  in  Russian  differs  in  many 
cases  from  English  syllable  division.  The  principal  dif- 
ference consists  in  the  following. 

When  there  is  only  one  consonant  between  two  Russian 
vowels,  the  point  of  syllable  division  is  always  between 
the  first  vowel  and  the  consonant,  e.g.  yMa  [u-ma]  of  the 
mind,  intellect  (m,  gen,  sing).  Syllable  division  after  or 
within  an  intervocalic  consonant  characteristic  of  English 
words  with  a  short  stressed  vowel  separated  from  a  following 
vowel  by  one  consonant  sound  (e.g.  Spanish,  very,  city, 
honest,  study)  is  foreign  to  Russian.  Cf  MaMbi  fma-mi]  with 
its  English  equivalents  mammies,  mummies.  Syllable  divi- 
sion is  marked  in  this  dictionary,  where  necessary,  by  a 
hyphen,  e.g.  [u-ma]. 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


en 


1.  [n] 


E.g. 


H   H 

OH 


Like  n  before  th  in  month,  tenth. 
The  Russian  [n]  is  a  dental  conso- 
nant, i.e.  it  is  articulated  by  the 
blade  of  the  tongue  touching  the 
back  of  the  upper  teeth  while  the 
tip  of  the  tongue  is  lowered  and 
passive. 


[en] 
[on] 


The  Russian  letter  h 
he 


--    639    - 


Continued 


y  Ahhu  *  [u  annt]  at  Anna's 

OH  y  AHHbi  [on  u  annt]     he  is  at  Anna's  (place) 

AHHy  [annu]  ace  of  Anna 

Ha  [na]  on  prep 

HaM  [nam]  to  us 

HO  [no]  but 

MHy  [mnu]  (I)  crumple 

yiMHa  [umna]  (she  is)  clever 

VMHO  [umno]  it  is  clever 

yMHbi  [umnl]  (we,  you,  they)  are  clever 


Like  /  before  th  in  health,  al- 
though, i.e.  articulated  by  the 
tongue-tip  against  the  back  of  the 
upper  teeth. 

Care  should  be  taken  not  to  replace 
the  non-palatalized  very  "dark" 
Russian  [1]  by  the  "clear"  English 
[1]  which  in  RP  occurs  before  vow- 


els.  as 

in  last,  learn,  etc. 

E.g.     Jl  Ji 

[el] 

The  Russian  letter  ji 

.      MOJI 

MOjiy 

MOJIU 

[mal] 
[mol] 
[molu] 
[molt] 

small  (sh  f  of  a,  m) 

pier 

to  the  pier  {dat,  sing) 

piers  (nom,  ace,  pi) 

jiyna 
jiyHU 

[luna] 
[lunt] 

moon 

of  the  moon  (gen,  sing) 

Jiyay 

[lunu] 

moon  (ace,  sing) 

jiyHbi 
jiyn 

[lunt] 
[lun] 

moons  (nom,  pi) 
of  moons  (gen,  pi) 

Mbl  Jl 

[mtl] 

(I,  he)  washed 

*  Double  consonant  letters  in  some  Russian  words  are  pro- 
nounced as  a  single  short  consonant  sound  like  nn  in  announce, 
whereas  in  others  as  a  single  but  prolonged  consonant  sound,  as 
nn  in  unnatural,  unnamed  or  mm  in  room-mate  (and  not  as  mm  in 
rummage). 

Prolonged  geminated  consonant  sounds  are  shown  in  transcrip- 
tion by  doubling  the  corresponding  phonetic  symbol.  Cf  ou  y  Auhu 
[on  u  anniJ  {gen)  he  is  at  Anna's  {place). 


—     640 


Continued 


Russian 

letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


Pp:.=: 

[er] 


1.  [r] 


There  is  no  consonant  in  RP  or  GA 
and  EA  like  this  Russian  sound.  The 
closest  approximation  to  it  is  the  rol- 
led, or  trilled,    Scottish    [r],   i.e.  a 
consonant  articulated  by  a  rapid  suc- 
cession of  taps  of  the  tongue-tip  against  the  teeth-ridge. 
A  semi-rolled,  or  one-tap  [r],  similar    to    the  Rus- 
sian intervocalic  [r],  is  used  between  vowels  by  many 
RP  speakers,  as  in  marry,  very,  sorry,  hurry. 

The  Russian  [r],  unlike  its  RP  counterpart,  is  pro- 
nounced in  all  positions,  i.e.  before  consonants  and  at 
the  end  of  words  as  well.  In  word-final  position  it  is 
usually  devoiced,  especially  after  a  voiceless  consonant. 


E.g. 


P  p  [er] 

paMbi  [rami] 

paHU  [rani] 

ypa!  [ura:] 

ypaji  [ural] 

poM  [rom] 


9pbl 
M3p 

Pyp 


[eri] 

[mer] 

[rur] 


The  Russian  letter  p 

frames 

wounds 

hurrah! 

the  Urals 

rum 

eras 

mayor 

Ruhr 


m= 

i.[y] 

Like  ,)f 

in  yield,  yes,  boy,  employ. 

t   Li 

[may] 

E.g. 

MaS 

May 

MOH 

[moy] 

my,  mine 

moh! 

[moy] 

(thou)  wash! 

MHOH 

[mnoy] 

by  me 

jiaH 

[lay] 

barking 

paH 

[ray] 

paradise 

pOH 

roy] 

swarm 

pofi! 

roy] 

(thou)  dig! 

JiyHOH 

[lunoy] 

by  the  moon  {instr,  sing) 

yMHblH 

[umniy] 

clever 

641      — 


Palatalization  of  Consonants  in  Russian 

Palatalization  is  caused  by  raising  the  front  of  the 
tongue  to  the  height  of  the  [y]  or  [i]  sound  at  the  same 
time  when  the  other  organs  of  speech  are  held  in  position 
for  the  primary  articulation  of  the  consonant,  e.g.  while 
the  lips  are  closed  for  [m]  or  the  tongue-tip  is  pressed 
against  the  back  of  the  upper  teeth  for  [n]  or  [1]. 

In  RP,  slightly,  or  semi-,  palatalized  consonants  are  the 
sound  of  the  letter  1  in  value,  million  and  the  sounds  of 
the  letter  s  in  sure  and  pleasure.  However,  in  pronouncing 
Russian  palatalized  consonants  the  front  of  the  tongue  is 
raised  still  higher. 

A  close  enough  English  approximation  to  a  fully  pala- 
talized consonant  is  the  sound  of  the  letter  n  before  y  and 
i  in  the  words  vineyard  and  onion. 

A  palatalized  consonant  occurs  in  Russian  not  only 
before  a  vowel  of  the  same  word,  but  also  in  word-final 
position  and  before  a  consonant.  This  presents  great  diffi- 
culty to  the  English-speaking  learner. 

Most  consonant  letters  in  Russian  denote  both  non-pal- 
atalized and  palatalized  sounds.  Whether  a  consonant  let- 
ter represents  (and  should  therefore  be  pronounced  as) 
a  non-palatalized  or  palatalized  sound  is  indicated  by  the 
letter  that  follows.  Thus  a  consonant  letter  followed  by  the 
vowel  letters  a,  o,  y,  bi,  a  dealt  with  in  Table  1  repre- 
sents, as  a  rule,  a  non-palatalized  sound. 

That  a  consonant  letter  in  word-final  position  or  before 
a  consonant  represents  a  palatalized  sound  is  indicated  in 
Russian  spelling  principally  by  the  letter  b  (the  "soft" 
sign).  A  small-type  "soft"  sign  placed  above  the  line  and 
after  a  consonant  symbol  is  used  in  this  dictionary  to  indi- 
cate a  palatalized  consonant  sound  in  any  position,  e.g. 
MOJib  [mol^]  {clothes-)moth,  jibHa  [Pna]  of  flax  [gen,  sing). 

Most  consonant  letters  pronounced  as  palatalized  sounds 
are   considered    in   this   Guide   to   have  sound  value  2.  Cf 

A.  [m]  A.  [n]  A.  [1]  A.  [r] 

^2.  [m^],       ^2.  [n^],        ^2.  [P],       ^2.  [r^] 

Palatalization  plays  a  significant  role  in  Russian:  a 
non-palatalized  consonant  and  its  palatalized  counterpart 
distinguish  from  each  other  words  otherwise  alike.  Cf  mo„i 
[mol]  pier,  uojib  [mol^]  clothes-moth. 


—       642       — 

It  is,  therefore,  extremely  important  for  the  English- 
speaking  learner  to  master  Russian  palatalization,  which 
is  extremely  difficult  for  him  in  word-final  position,  as  in 
MOJib  [mol^]  {clotlies-)moth,  jianb  [lan^]  doe,  roe{-deer) 
and  before  a  consonant  (except  [y]),  as  in  Jibna  [Tna]  of 
flax.  To  master  palatalization  in  these  positions  the  fol- 
lowing hints  might  prove  helpful. 

Pronounce  the  English  consonants  [1],  [n]  in  the  v/ords 
million,  vineyard  pressing  the  tongue-tip  against  the  back 
of  the  upper  teeth  ^and  not  against  the  teeth-ridge)  and 
simultaneously  raising  the  front  of  the  tongue  still  higher 
than  for  [y],  prolong  the  [1]  and  [n]  sounds,  then  stop  at 
the  end  of  the  first  syllable  before  beginning  the  [y]  sound 
of  the  following  syllable.  Thus  the  syllables  [mir-]  and 
[vin*"]  will  be  pronounced.  Then  say  the  Russian  words 
MOJib  [mol'']  moth,  jianb  [lan^]  doe,  jibHa  [l^na]  of  flax  as 
if  they  were  followed  by  the  [y]  sound,  but  do  not  actually 
pronounce  -the  latter. 


Table  3 


Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

M  = 
H  = 

2.  [m^l 
2.  [n-] 
2.  [1-] 
2.  [r-1 

(1)  Before  b; 

(2)  Before  a  palatalizing  letter 
(see  examples  in  Table  4). 

E.g.    0Mb        [on 
jianb       [la 
paHb       [ra 
jibHy       [1^ 
MO  Jib       [m( 
HOJib       [no 
Hyjib       [nu 
pyjib       [ru 
jiapb       [la 

1^1              The  river  Om 

1^1              doe 

n'']             early  time,  early  hour 

nu]             to  flax  (dat,  sing) 

d1^]            clothes-moth 

r]  \     i   zero 

1^]  /    \  nought 

P]              rudder;  steering-wheel 

r'']              chest,  bin,  box 

—     643     — 

Unobscured  Vowel  Sounds  Represented  by  the  Palatalizing 
Letters  a  [ya],  e  [ye],  e  [yo],  h  [i],  k)  [yu] 

In  Russian  spelling,  each  of  these  letters  performs  si- 
multaneously two  functions.  Its  first  function  is  to  repre- 
sent a  vowel  sound,  e.  g.  [a],  [e],  [o],  [i]  and  [u]  respec- 
tively, when  the  letter  has  sound  value  1.  Thus  the  first 
sound  values  of  the  palatalizing  and  non-palatalizing  let- 
ters are  the  same  (except  bi  and  h).  Cf 


Ma]    U[al      jl^l    |  =  [e 
H  [ya]  J  e  [ye]  J  e    [yo] 

1  \  But:     1 


i  t°'  |=[oi 

2      [vol   i 


y    [U]      I  [,j  H[i]:=[ll 

K)  [yu]J  H   [i]  =  [il 

The  second  function  of  each  of  the  letters  a,  e,  e  and 
K)  is  to  indicate  at  the  same  time  that  the  preceding  con- 
sonant letter  represents  a  palatalized  consonant  sound 
(hence  the  term  "palatalizing"  vowel  letters)*. 

It  is  extremely  difficult  for  English-speaking  learners 
of  Russian  to  pronounce  a  palatalized  consonant  correctly 
before  a  vowel  sound.  They  should  bear  in  mind  that  when 
a  Russian  consonant  letter  is  immediately  followed  by  a 
palatalizing  vowel  letter,  no  [y]  or  [i]  sound  should  be 
inserted  between  them.  Thus  the  word  jien  flax  should  be 
pronounced  [Pon]  and  not  [l^yon]. 

A  very  close  English  approximation  to  a  palatalized 
consonant  not  followed    by    a    [y]  sound  before  a  vowel  is 

the  sound  [n]  in  new  which  is  pronounced  almost  as  [n^u:] 

and  not  [n-f-yu:'],    as    in   when   you  [wen  +  yuj.  Thus  the 
pronunciation  of  the  syllables  hh,  hk),  as  in  hhhkd  [n'^an^u] 

ace  sing  of  nurse  can  be  represented    as    [n^a]  -j-  [n^u]  and 

not  ['n-|-ya]  +  [n-hyul- 

The  consonant  [y]  is,  however,  pronounced  between  a 
palatalized  consonant  and  a  vowel  sound  when  the  consonant 
letter  is  followed  by  b,  e.  g.  SyjibOH    [buPyon]  broth. 


*  As  a  reminder  of  this  function,  a  small-tvpe  "soft'  sign  will 
be  printed  above  the  line  and  before  a  vowel  symbol  when  it  is 
used  in  isolation,  e.g.  [^e],  [i>aj,  etc. 


-.f,/\/[- 


Table  4 


Kussijiii 
letters 


S    SI 

lyal 


Thfir 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  icadinj^  rules 


1.   I'-aj 


After  a  palatalized  consonant  more 
advanced  (fronted)  than  la|  denoted 
by  llie  letter  a,  and  resembles  the 
first  element  of  the  RP  diphtonf^ 
laij,  as  in  ice,  atje  (r.-^yes).  B(>tween 
two  palatalized  consonants  |cil  is  still  more  front  and 
resembles  the  RP  vowel  sound  |.el,  as  in  man. 


fl  =  l'*a|  only 

E.g.        IVIM 

py.'iji 
py.;iM 
pyjiMM 

HblpMHt 


in  stressed  syllables. 

|ll''al  plant-louse 

|rul'';'i|  of  the  rudder,    stecring- 

-wlieel   {^en,   sing) 
|rul'':i|  while  steering   with  the 

rudder 
|rur'am|       to  rudders  {dat,  pi) 
lnir''ayl       (thou)  dive! 


After  a  palatalized    consonant    a 
(•  little  closer  than  lei  represented  by 

^^  9    and    resembles    \q\    in    men.    CI 

M  3  p  I.I  Imerll  mat/ors  and  Mepbi 
Im^'eril  measures.  Between  two  pa- 
latalized consonants  the  Russian  lei  is  still  closer,  e.g 
MCJi  b  lm''er'l  shoal. 

e  =  l''el  only  in  stressed  syllables  (with  the  exception 
of  some  loan-words  in  which  e:=:le]  i\fter  a  hard  con- 
sonant and   in  unstressed  syllables). 


E.g.       MCJI 

Me  Jib 

m''ell 
m"el»'l 

chalk 

shoal  (nam,  ace,  pi) 

MepiJ 

Ini'^eril 

measures 

Mep 

OH    HCM 

lm''erl 
jon  n''enil 

of  measures  (gen,  pi) 
he  is  dumb 

Miie 

jieiil 

jiyue 

yMe 

pyjieil 

Inm'-el 

li'vyl 

llun'-el 
liMn''el 
lrul"eyl 

to  me 

(thou)  pourl 

to  the  moon  (dat,  sing) 

about  Ihe  luind  {pr,  sing) 

of  the  rudders  (gen,  pi) 

645- 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

£e.-z= 

Se 
[yo] 

1.    ["0] 

After  a  palatalized  consonant  more 
advanced  (fronted)  than  [o]  denoted 
by  the  letter  o.  Between  two  pala- 
talized consonants  [o]   is    still  more 

e  can  only  occur 

E.g.       OH    yMCH 

JieH 
pyjieM 

MHCM 

JieH  Mbi 

MHeM 

front  and  resembles    the    RP  vowel 
sound  in  learn  (cf  jich   [I'^on]  flax). 
in  a  stressed  syllable.* 

[on  um'^on]      he  is  clever 

[Pon]                flax 

[rul'^om]           by  (with)  the  rudder, 

steering-wheel    {instr, 

sing) 
[mn''om]           (we)  crumple 
[Pon  mf           flax  is  scutched 
mn'^om]            (we  scutch  flax) 

HH=r 

[i] 

1.  [i] 

Like  the  RP  vowel  [i]  represent- 
ed   by    e    in   eve    and  i  in    police. 
Care  should  be  taken,  however,  not 
to    finish    the    Russian    [i]    with   a 

English     speakers 
as  in  me  [miy],  se 
vowel  [i]  be  repla 
sented  by  the  lett 
M^  [i]  both    in   s 
occurs  with  this  sc 
lized  consonant  of 
ginning  of  a  word 
preceding   word    e 
both  words  are  pre 
between  them. 

faint  [y]  sound,  as  is  done  by  some 

in    pronouncing    the    English    [ij, 

e  [siy],  etc.  Nor  should    the  Russian 

ced  by  the  English  vowel    [i]    repre- 

er  i  in  //,  ///,  did. 

tressed    and   unstressed  syllables  and 

)und  value    not    only    after  a  palata- 

the  same   word    but   also  at  the  be- 

pronounced   in    isolation    or  when  a 

nds    in    a    palatalized  consonant  and 

)nounced  without  the  slightest  pause 

*  In  ordinary  printing  and  handwriting^  the  letter  6  is  usually 
replaced  by  the  letter  e  whose  pronunciation  as  [''oJ  is  then  infer- 
red from  the  meaning  of  the  words. 


^  646  - 


Continued 


E.g.  Hh               |i| 

The  Russian  letter  h 

[i] 

and  cj 

HM                [iml 

to  them 

HMH              [im'^il 

by  (with)  them 

HJi                I  ill 

silt 

HJiH              lil''il 

or  cj 

pyjiH            frul'^il 

rudders,  steering-wheels 

[nom,  ace,  pi) 

pyjiHl           [rul'^il 

(thou)  steer! 

MejiH            Im^'el'^il 

shoals  {nom,  ace,  pi) 

HMCJiH          [im'^el^il 

(we,  you,  they)  had 

HMeJi            [irn^el] 

(I,  he)  had 

MHjibiH         Im'^iltyl 

nice,  sweet 

OH  MHJi        Ion  m'^ill 

he  is  nice 

MH.abi            [m'^iH] 

(we,  you,  they)  are  nice 

MHJiH            [m^il^'il 

miles  (nom,  ace,  pi) 

MHp               [m^irl 

world;  peace 

MHpbi            [m^irtl 

worlds  (nom,  ace,  pi) 

MHHHMyM     [m^'in'^imum' 

minimum 

Mejib  H  MOJi  [m^el''  i  mol] 

the  shoal  and  the  pier 

pyjiHMH        [rul'^am^i] 

by  (with)  the  rudders 

{instr,  pi) 

Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

H  = 

2.  [i] 

When 

M  occurs  after  a  non-pal- 

atalized 

consonant    belonging     to 
word  or  to  the    preceding 

the  same 

word  and  there  is  no  pause  between  the  two    words. 

E.g.  OH  H  Mu                [on  *  mtl            he  and  we 

OH  MHji  H  yMCH  [on  m^'il 

i  um'^onl  he    is    nice    and 

clever 

HM  H  HaM               [im  i 

naml         to  them  and  to  us 

M3p  H  Mbi               [mer  i 

mt]          the  mayor  and  we 

Moji  H  Mejib           [mol  f 

m''ell       the  pier  and  the 

shoal 

—   647    - 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


K)io  = 

JO  H^ 

[yul 


1.  [^u] 


After  a  palatalized  consonant 
more  advanced  (fronted;  than  [u] 
denoted  by  the  Russian  letter  y. 
Between  palatalized  consonants  the 
Russian  [u]  is  still  more   front  and 

resembles  the  English  vowel  [u]  (without  the  preceding 

[y])  in  mutiny. 

10=:::  [^u]  both  in  stressed  and  unstressed  syllables. 

luminal  (a  sedative) 
snivel  {col) 


E.g. 


JlKDMHriaJl 

HIOHH 

HHHKD 

pyjiK) 

MHpKD 


[l^'um^'inal 

[n^un^i] 

[n^an^u] 

[rul^u] 

[m^ir'^u] 


nurse  {ace,  sing) 

to  the  rudder  {dat,  sing) 

(I)  reconcile  {smb) 


Sound  Value  2  of  the  Letters  a,  e,  e,  10 
When  «,  e,  e  and  10  are  not    preceded   by  a  consonant 
letter,  each  of  them  represents  a  combination  of  two  sounds: 
[y]  plus    the    vowel    sound    of   the  alphabetical    name    of 

2222 
the  letter,  i.e.  ji  =  [ya],  e  =  [ye],  e=[yo],   io  =  [yu]. 

Table  5 


Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

51  = 

e  = 

K)  = 

2.  [ya] 
2.  [ye] 
2.  [yo] 
2.  [yu] 

(1)  At  the  beginning  of  a  word; 

(2)  After  a  vowel  letter; 

(3)  After  the  ".soft"  sign  b; 

(4)  After  the  "hard"  sign  t*.* 

*  -b  performs  a  purely  disjunctive  function,  i.e.  indicates  that 
a  following  vowel  is  preceded  by  the  syllable-initial  sound  [y].  As 
to  the  consonant  letter  before  t.,  it  is  pronounced  in  most  words 
as  a  palatalized  sound,  e.g.  HS-bHH  [iz^yan]  flaw,  defect.  Only  in 
some  words  does  it  indicate  that  the  preceding  consonant  is  hard. 


—   648   — 


Continued 


E.g.    Hh 

[ya] 

The  Russian  letter  « 

H 

[ya] 

I 

HMbl 

(yami] 

pits,  holes  (in  the  ground) 

HP 

[yar] 

steep  river  bank 

Hjibfl 

[il"ya] 

Elijah 

6yHH 

[buyan] 

rowdy,  ruffian 

HS-bHH 

[iz^yan] 

flaw,  defect 

Ee 

[ye] 

The  Russian  letter  e 

eM 

(yem] 

(I)  eat 

eji 

[yel] 

(I,  he)  ate 

ejib 

lyei'1 

fir(-tree) 

e;iH 

[yepi] 

(we,  you,  they)  ate;  firs 

Ee 

[yo] 

The  Russian  letter  e 

JlbCM 

fl'-yom] 

(we)  pour 

K)k) 

[yu 

The  Russian  letter  \o 

lojia 

lyu  a] 

whirligig;  a   fidget(-ing 
person) 

K)H(-blH) 

[yun(-iy)] 

young,  youthful 

OH    K)H 

[on  yun] 

he  is  young 

pOKD 

[royu] 

(I)  dig 

MOIO 

[moyu] 

(I)  wash 

HMCK) 

[im'^eyu] 

(I)  have 

JlbK) 

[i^yu] 

(I)  pour 

Hard  and  Soft  Voiceless  and  Voiced  Consonants 

Represented  by  the  Letters  n  [pe],  6  [be], 

T  [te],  fl  [de],  K  [ka],  r  [ge],  (|)[ef],  B[ve],  c  [es],  3  [ze], 

ui  [sha],  m  [sh'':a],  m  [zhe],  x  [kha],  u,  [tse],  h  [ch''e] 

Most  of  these  letters  represent  both  non-palatalized  and 
palatalized  consonant  sounds  in  the  same  positions  in  which 
the  hard  [m],  [n],  [l]  and  [r]  and  the  soft  [m''],  [n''],  [I''] 
and  [r'']  are  denoted  by  the  letters  m,  h,  ji  and  p  respec- 
tively. 

Therefore    sound    value   2   of    the   letters  listed  above, 


649  - 


is  the  palatalized  counterpart  of  the  consonant   pronounced 

2 

in    the    alphabetical    nanie    of    the    letter,    e.g.    n  =  [p''], 

[pe] 

6=[b^j,  etc. 
[be] 

However,  some  of  the  above  letters  represent,  irrespec- 
tive   of     their     positions,     either     only     hard     consonants 

1,  2  1,  2  1,2 

(uj  [sha]  =  [sh],    m    [zhe]^[zh],    i;    [tje]=[tj])    or    only 

1,2  1,2"^ 

soft  ones  (m  [sh'^ia]  =  [sh'^:],  h  [ch^e]  =  [ch^]). 


Peculiarities  of  Russian 
Voiced  and  Voiceless  Consonants 

One  and  the  same  of  the  above- listed  letters  in  differ- 
ent positions  can  be  pronounced  both  as  a  voiceless  and 
as  a  voiced  sound,  which  in  its  turn  can  be  hard  or  soft 
(with  the  above  exceptions).  This  adds  two  more  sound 
values  to  Russian  consonant  letters  Thus  most  consonant 
letters  in  Russian  have  four  sound  values,  which  can  be 
examplified  by  the  letters  6  and  n: 

1.  [b]  >1.  [p] 

2.  [b^]  n     . ^2.  [p'^l 

3.  [p]  [pe] >3.  [b] 

4.  [p^]  -— -~>4.  [b''] 

A  consonant  letter  with  a  voiced  non-sonorant  in  its 
alphabetical  name  (e.g.  6  [be])  is  pronounced  as  the  lat- 
ter's  voiceless  (hard  or  soft)  cognate  (i.e.  has  its  sound  val- 
ue 3  or  4,  e.g.  6  [be]  — 3.  [p]  and  4.  [p"^],  3  [ze]r=3.  [s], 
4.  [s^])  in  the  following  positions: 


(1)    Inside   a   word    before   a    voiceless   consonant,  e.g. 


3y6KH  [zupk^'i]  (pretty)  little  teeth; 

(2)  At  the  end  of  a  word: 

3  8 

(a)  before  a  pause,    e.g.    3y6    [zup]  tooth,  jio6  [lop] 


forehead,    rjiyCh    [glup^j    depth,    jiyr    [luk]    meadow,    rjiaa 
[glas]  eye; 


-    650 


(b)   when    an    immediately    following    word    begins 

3 

with  a  voiceless  consonant,  e.g.  Jiyr  KyoHJiH    [luk   kup^il^i] 
ihey  bought  the  meadow; 

(3)  At  the  end  of  a  word  when  an  immediately  follow- 
ing word  (except  a  preposition)  begins  with  a  vowel,  a  so- 
norant  (m,  h,  ji,  p,  h)  or  b  and  both  words  are  pronounced 

without  the  slightest  pause  between  them,  e.g.  jiyr  y  pewKH 

3 

[luk  u  r^ech'^k^i]  the  meadow  is  near  the  {little)  river,  jiyr 

3 

Maji  [luk  mal]    the    meadow    is   small,  ;iyr  bli  KynHjiH  [luk 
vt  kup^il^i]  you  bought  the  meadow. 

1  1 

But:  H3  peMKH  [iz  r^ech^k^i]  out  of  the  river,  b  hcm 
[v  n^om]  in   him. 

In  all  other  positions  such  a  consonant  retains  its 
voiced  sound  values  (i.e.  1  and  2,  e.g.  6  [be]  =  l.  [b], 
2.  [b^].  r  [ge]  =  l.  [g],  2.  [g^]).  Cf. 

3  1 

Jiyr  Ma/r  [luk  mal]  the  meadow    is   small,  Jiyr  6bi;i  Maji 

[lug  bil  mal]  the  meadow    was   small,    Ji6hi  [Ibi]  foreheads, 

1 
3y6bi  [zubi]  teeth. 

A  consonant  letter  with  a  voiceless  sound  in  its  alpha- 
betical name  (e.g.  n  [pe])  is  pronounced  as  the  latter's 
voiced  (hard  or  soft)  cognate  (i.e.  has  its  sound  values  3 
and  4,  e.g.  n  [pe]  =  3.  [b]  and  4.  [b^],  c  [es]  ==  3.  [z], 
4.  [z^])  before  a  voiced  consonant  both  of  the  same  and  of 
an  immediately  following  word    when   both    words  are  pro- 

3 

nounced  without  the  slightest  pause  between  them,  e.g.  cyn 

4 

6biji  BKycHbiM  [sub  bil  fkusntm]  the  soup  was    tasty,  cxenb 

3 

3HM0H  [s^t^eb''  z^imoy]  the  steppe  in  winter,  c  rop  [z  gor] 

4 

from  the  mountains,     npocb6bi  [proz^bt]  requests. 

In  all  other  positions  such  a  consonant  retains  its 
voiceless  sound  values  (i.e.   1  and  2). 

English-speaking  learners  must  pay  particular  attention 
to  the  above  peculiarities  in  the  use  of  voiceless  consonants 
and  voiced  non-sonorants  in  Russian  speech. 

Firstly,  in  contrast  with  English,  a  voiced  non-sonorant 
can    never    occur    at    the   end    of    a    Russian   word    before 


^ ^ -    651     -- ^ 

a  pause:  it  is  replaced  by  its  voiceless  cognate.  Cf  the 
English  word  snob  with  its  Russian  equivalent  cho6  [snop]. 
Secondly,  when  a  voiced  non-sonorant  and  a  voiceless  con- 
sonant come  together  inside  a  word  or  at  the  junction  of 
words  pronounced  without  a  pause  between  them,  the  first 
sound  must  become  assimilated  to- the  second  in  the  matter 
of  voice,  e.g.  [b]  +  [p]  — .  [p]  +  [p],  [p]  +  [b]  — .  [b]  -f  [b], 
[zl+[pl  — [sl-f  [p],  ls]  +  [bl—>[z]-f[b],  etc.  This  type 
of  assimilation  is  very  rare  in  English,  whereas  in  Russian 
it  is  a  general    phonetic    law.    It    affects  not  only  a  single 

4 

consonant  but  two  and  more.  Cf  npocbSbi  [proz^bi]  requests 

2    3 

and  npocb6  k  HaM  hct  [pros^p  k  nam  n^et]  there  are  no 
requests  to  us* 


Peculiarities  of  Russian  Plosives  (Stops) 

Unlike  the  English  voiceless  plosives,  their  Russian 
counterparts  ([p,  p^,  t,  t^,  k,  k^])  are  never  aspirated  and 
are  pronounced  in  this  respect  like  the  English  [p,  t,  k] 
after  [s]  or  before  an  unstressed  vowel. 

When  a  Russian  stop  ([p,  p^,  b,  b^,  t,  t'',  d,  d^,  k,  k\ 
g,  g^])  occurs  immediately  before  another  stop,  a  nasal 
([m,  m^,  n,  n^])  or  an  affricate  ([ch^,  tj])  which  has  a 
different  point  of  articulation,  this  stop  is  fully  exploded, 
i.e.  the  articulating  organ  is  quickly  removed  from  the 
point  of  articulation  before  the  closure  for  the  second  con- 
sonant has  been  formed,  whereas  an  English  stop  in  this 
position  remains  unexploded,  i.e.  the  articulating  or^an 
is  removed  from  the  point  of  articulation  only  after  the 
closure  for  the  second  consonant  has  already  been  formed, 
or,  in  other  words,  during  the  stop-stage  of  the  second  con- 
sonant. Cf  soup-kitchen  and  cyn-KOHCoMe  [supkonsome] 
consomme;  lag  behind  and  jiyr  6biji  Maji  [lug  bil  mal]  the 
meadow  was  small;  football  and  ^yrQoji  [fudbol]. 


*  The  following  device  is  used  in  this  dictionary  as  a  reminder 
to  replace  a  word-final  voiceless  consonant    by    its    voiced    cognate 

or  vice  versa  wherever  required  by  this  phonetic    law:  jio6  flop,  -b] 

4  1  2 

forehead,     pfl6b     'r^^ap^,     -b^]    ripple;s,    cyn    [sup,      bj     soup,     crenb 
[s^t^epi',  -b^J  steppe,  c  [s,  -z]  with,  from. 


652      - 


Table  6 


Russian 
letters 

Their 

1 

sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules      1 

nn=r 

1-  [P] 

^n 

2.  [P^] 

3.  [b] 

4.  [b^] 

The   Russian    [p]    and  fbl 

are 

[pel 

respectively    like     the    English' 

iin- 

asp 

rated    [p]    in  sport,  helper 

and 

R6  = 

1.  [b] 

the 

intervocalic  [b    in  about. 

^/ 

2.  [b^] 

3.  [p] 

Ibe] 

4.  [p^^] 

The  Russian  letter  n 

E.g.   On           [pe] 

OH  ynaji  [on  upal] 

he  fell  down 

non          [pol] 

floor;  sex 

nbiJib        Iptl''] 

dust 

HHJi          [p^il] 

(I,  he)  drank 

nHJia         [p^'ila] 

(she)  drank 

nHJiH         [p^il^l] 

(we,  you,  they)  drank 

nsp           [per] 

peer  {lord) 

jiaMn        [lamp] 

of  lamps  {gen,  pi) 

B6           [be 
6aji           [ba  ] 

The  Russian  letter  6 

(dance-)ball 

6biJi          [bil] 

(I,  he)  was 

6hji           [b^l] 

(I.  he)  beat 

6biJia         [b'^ila] 

(she)  was 

6biJiH        [bll'^ii 

(we,  you,  they)  were 

6HJIH         [b^ilM] 

(we,  you,  they)  beat 

py6jib       [rubl''] 

rouble 

py6jiH       [rubl^'i] 

roubles 

;ik)6jiio      [Publ^uj 

(I)  love 

6bio          [b^yu] 

(I  am)  beating 

6K)po        [b^yuro] 

bureau 

jio6          [lop] 

forehead 

pH6b        [r^'ap''] 

ripple/s 

cyn  6biJi  [sub  btl 

it  was  fish  soup 

pbi6HbiH     rtbnty] 

—     OD 

5    — 

Continued 

Russian 
letters 

Their 

sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

Tt=: 

1. 

[t] 

Mm 

[te] 

2. 
3. 

4. 

[d] 
[dN 

The 

Russian    [t]    and    [d]    are 

dptltCil     C^n<;nn?intQ       Qimilar     \n      +ha     1 

JXa  = 

1. 

[d] 

voiceless 

unaspirated  [t]  in  eigh\t\th 

S)  i}  d 

2. 

dij 

Hi) 

and    voiced  [d]  in  width.,    breadth 

3. 

'respectively. 

[de] 

4. 

te] 

The  Russian  letter  x 

E.g.   Tt 

TaM 

tarn] 

there  {place) 

ra 

tal 

that  (fern,  nom) 

TO 

to] 

that  {n  nom) 

TU 

tn 

thou 

TpH 

tri] 

three 

HCT 

n^et] 

no 

TOT 

tot] 

that  (m,  nom) 

6paT 

i 

brat] 

brother 

MHCT 

1 

mn^ot] 

(he,  she,  it)  crumples 

5beT 

1 

b^yot] 

(he,  she,  it)  beats 

MHyT 

[ 

mnut] 

(they)  crumple 

6bIOT 

[ 

b^yut] 

(they)  beat 

MOiOT 

moyut] 

(they)  wash 

MHTb 

m^at^] 

to  crumple 

MblTb 

, 

mit^] 

to  wash 

6bITb 

bit'] 

to  be 

6HTb 

bMt' 

to  beat 

yHTH 

uyt^i 

to  go  away 

HHTb 

p^at'] 

five 

9TH 

etM] 

these 

Te 

1 

t'e 

those 

TCTH 

1 

t'otM] 

aunts  {nom,  pi) 

JiA 

[ 

de] 

The  Russian  letter  a 

Aa 

da] 

yes 

AOM 

dom] 

house 

—  654  - 


Continued 


6yAy                [budu]            (I)  shall  be 

AbiM                 [dim]              smoke 

AJiH                  [dl^a]             for  prep 

AHH                  [d'^n^i]           days 

AeHb                [d^en^i           day 

AeiH                 [d^et^i]           children 

HACT                [id^ot]            (he,  she,  it)  goes 

AHAH                [d'^ad^i]          uncles  (nom,  pi) 

OH  0T6biJi        [on  odbil]      he  (has)  left 

MHe  6biTb        [mn^e  bid^     I  should  (have)  be(en) 

6bi  xaM            bi  tam]           there 
OH  paA  TaM    [on  rat  tam    he  is  glad  to  be  there 

6bITb                 btt^] 
6yAb  TBM        [but''  tam]     (thou)  be  there 
HATH                 [it^'t^'i]             to  go 

Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and   reading  rules 

Kk  = 
[ka] 

1.  [k] 

2.  [k''] 

3.  [g] 

4.  [g^] 

The  Russian  [k]  and  [g]  are 
practically  the  same  as  the  unas- 
pirated  [k]  in  skulk,  marker  and 
the  intervocalic  [g]  in  a^asp  respec- 
tively. 

The  palatalized  counterparts  of 
[k]  and  [g]  are  formed  by  pressing 
the  central  part  of  the  tongue 
against  the  middle  of  the  roof  of 
the  mouth  (somewhat  like  [k]  in 
skew  and  [g]  in  argue). 

Tz 
[gel 

1.  [g[ 

2.  [gN 

3.  [k] 

4.  [k''] 

E.g.   Kk        [ka] 
KaK        [kak 
KyAa      [kud 
pyKa       [ruk£ 
TKaTb     [tkat 
TKyT      [tku 
KTO        [kto; 
KeM        [k^'ei 
TKCT        [tk^'c 
KHHO      [k^ir 

The  Russian   letter  k 

how 
i]        where  (to) 
i]        hand;  arm 
^]       to  weave 
t]        (they)  weave 

who 
n        by  whom 
)t        (he,  she,  it)"  weaves 
i6]       cinema 

—   655    — 


Continued 


Fr 

jiyra 

roA 

roAbi 

ropbi 

TAe 

rjiy6b 

rwjx 

Mor 

jiyr 

KaK    6bITb? 

r^e  Mor  oh 

6bITb? 

jiyr  Maji 


[ge] 

[lugal 

[got] 

[godi] 
[gori] 
[gd^e] 
[glup-] 

[g^itl 

[mok] 
[luk] 

[kag  bit^] 
[gd^e  mok 
^on  bit^] 
[luk  mall 


The  Russian  letter  r 

meadows 

year 

years 

mountains 

where  (place) 

depth 

guide  (of  tourists) 

(I,  he)  could 

meadow 

what  am  I  (are  we)  to  do? 

where  could  he  (have)  be(en)? 

the  meadow  is  small 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


[ef] 


1.  [f] 

2.  [P] 

3.  [V] 

4.  [v*^] 


The  Russian  [f]  and  [v]  are 
practically  the  same  as  [f]  in  fine, 
life  and    [v]    'n    lever  respectively. 


[ve] 


E.g. 


1.  [v] 

2.  [v^] 

3.  [f] 

4.  [P] 


O  4)     [ef]       The  Russian  lettertj) 
4)aKT   [fakt]   fact 
(|)yHT  [funt]  pound 
jiH(|)T  [l^ift]  lift,  elevator 
pii4)     [r**if]    reef 
Py(|)b  [ruf^]  Ruth 

The  Russian  letter  b 

in,  at  prep 

you 

to  you 

view,  sight 

catch  noun 

blood 

the  lift  was  downstairs 

Ruth  was  at  the  cinema 


y^oBSbijiMaji  [ulovbtlmal]  the  catch  was  small 

KpoBb  Aaji  OH  [krov^  dal  on]  it  was  he  who  gave  (the)  blood 


Bb 

[ve] 

B 

y,  -f] 

Bbl,    Bbl 

vi] 

BaM,  BaM 

vam] 

BHA 

[vMt] 

yjioB 

ulof] 

KpOBb 

krof''] 

jih4)t  6bi;i 

Pivd  btl 

BHH3y 

vn^izu] 

Py4]b  6biJia 

[ruv^  btla 

B  KHHO 

f  kMno] 

—    656     — 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 

Their 

sound 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

values 

Cc  = 

1.  [s] 

C    C 

2.  [s^] 

3.  [z] 

[es] 

4.    z^l 

The   Russian    [s]    and    [z]    are 
dental   consonants,    respectively   si- 
milar to  [s],  [z]  immediately  before 

33r= 

1.  [z] 

or  after  th,  as  in  sixth,  withstand, 

3  ?  ' 

2.  [z^] 

3.  (s] 

who's[z]  there? 

[ze] 

4.  [S-] 

E.g.  Cc 

es]                        The  Russian  letter  c 

c 

;s,  -z]                    with,  from  prep 

caA 

sat]                       garden 

caM 

sam]                     (I.  he)  -self 

H  np 

HAy  caM 

ya  pr^idu  sam]    I  shall  come  myself 

OH  nj 

DHACTCaM 

onpr^idMtsam]  he  will  come  himself 

caMH 

sam^i]                  (we,  you,  they)  -selves 

ACTH 

npHjiyi 

d^et^i  pr^idut      the  children  will  come 

ca 

VI H 

sam^i]                   themselves 

COJIb 

[sol^]                     salt 

Cbip 

sir]                       cheese 

cyn 

sup]                      soup 

cap 

ser]                        sir 

CTeni 

I                1 

s^t^ep^]                steppe 

ceMb 

s^em^]                  seven 

CHJIbl 

s^ili]                    forces 

Hac 

nas]                      us 

Bac 

vas]                       you  {ace,  sing,  pi) 

Becb 

v^es^]                   (the)  whole,  all 

CHflb! 

s^at^]                    (thou)  sit  downl 

ciOAa 

s^uda]                  here  (direction) 

-     657 


Continued 


33 

3a 

3BaTb 
30HH 

3y6 
3y6bi 

P03bl 
3HMa 
SeMJlH 

3Aecb 

H3K)M 

3HTb 

B03 

CKB03b 

303  6hUl    MaJI 

CKB03b   AbIM 

c  rop 
npocbSbi 

BeCb    AGHb 


[ze] 

[za] 

[zvat^] 

[zont] 

[zup] 

[zubi] 

[rozt] 

[z^ima] 

[z^emPi] 

[z^d^es^] 

[iz^um] 

[z^at^l 

[vos] 

[skvos^] 

[voz  bJl  mal 

[skvoz^  dim 

[z  gor] 

[proz^bi] 

[v^ez^  d^'en^ 


The  Russian  letter  3 
for  pr2p 
to  call 
zones 
tooth 
teeth 
roses 
winter 
lands 

here  (place) 
raisins 
son-in-law 
cart(-load) 
through 
I  the  cart(-load)  was  small 
I  through  (the)  smoke 
from  the  mountains 
requests 
1  the  whole  day 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


Illm=: 

W  Ul 

[sha] 

[zhe] 


1.   [sh] 


3.  [zh] 
1.  [zh] 

3    [sh] 


The  Russian  [sh]  and  [zh]  are 
respectively  like  the  sounds  of  s  in 
sure  and  z  in  azure  or  sh  in  ship 
and  s  in  pleasure,  but  they  are 
quite  hard,  whereas  their  English 
counterparts  are  slightly  palatalized. 
This  dark  colouring  of  the  Russian 
[zh]  is  due  to  raising  the  back  of  the  tongue 
the  hard  palate  while  the  front  is  lowered   and 


[sh]  and 
towards 
the  tongue-tip  is  pressed  against  the  teeth-ridge 

ui=:[sh]  and  >K=r[zh]  before  all  vowels,  including  h, 
(which  is  pronounced  as  [t]  after  them)  as  well  as  e,  e 
and  K). 


658 


Continued 


E.g.   QIui 

[sha] 

The  Russian  letter  ui 

mar 

[shak]. 

step 

uiyM 

[shumj 

noise 

lUOK 

[shok] 

shock  noun 

mejiK 

[sholk] 

silk 

mecTb 

[shesH^] 

six 

yiiiH 

[Lisht] 

ears 

Ham 

[nash 

our(s) 

Bam,  Bam 

[vash] 

your(s) 

6pomb 

[brosh] 

brooch 

KyAa  Tbi 

[kuda  Vi 

where  are  you  (art 

HAemb? 

id^osh] 

thou)  going? 

>K>K 

[zhe] 

The  Russian   letter  m 

jKaib 

[zhat^] 

to  press,  to  squeeze 

H  >KMy  BaM 

fya  zhmu  vam 

I  shake  your  hand 

(Bamy)pyKy  "  (vashu)  ruku] 

>KAaTb 

[zhdaP] 

to  wait 

>Ke3Ji 

[zhezl] 

rod,  bajton 

JKCJITblH 

[zholtfy] 

yellow 

>KH3Hb 

[zhiz^n^] 

life 

)KHTb 

[zhie] 

to  live 

OH  >KHBeT 

[on  zhiv^'od 

he  lives  here 

3;iecb 

z^d^es^] 

mejiyjih 

zholut^l 

acorn 

>KypHaji 

zhurnal] 

magazine,  journal 

>KK)pH 

[zhur^'i] 

jury 

py>Kbe 

[ruzhyo] 

(shot)gun 

pOJKb 

[rosh] 

rye 

peJKb! 

[r^esh] 

(thou)  cut! 

HO>K 

[nosh] 

knife 

6pomb  sjiecb 

[brozh  z^d^es' 

the  brooch  is  here 

HO>K  6bi;i  Tyn 

nozh  btl  tup] 

the  knife  was  blunt 

po>Kb  rycTa 

rozti  gusta] 

the  rye  is  thick 

659    — 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


[sh^:a] 


The  Russian  •  [sh^:]  and  [zh^:] 
are  respectively  like  the  sound  of  s 
in  sure  and  z  in  azure,  but  they 
are  still  more  palatalized  and  pro- 
longed, i.e.  in  articulating  [sh^:] 
and  [zh^:]  the    front   of   the  tongue 

is  raised  still  higher  than  in  the   case   of  their  English 

counterparts. 

m=r[zh^':]  only  at  the  end  or    a    word   before  a  voiced 
non-sonorant  (except  b). 

Besides,  »»  before   h    has    a  variant  pronunciation 
[zh^:]. 


E.g.  mm 

me^pbiH 
mil 
njiau; 
6opm 

Momb 
6opm  6biJi 

BKyCHbIM 
BO>K}KH 
APOJK^KH 


[sh^:a] 

[sh^:edriy] 

[sh'^-.i] 

[plash*^:] 

[borsh^:] 

[mosh' 


[w6zh^:i] 
[dr6zh^:i] 


The  Russian  letter  m 

generous 

cabbage  soup 

raincoat 

beetroot  and  cabbage  soup, 

borshch 
might  noun 
[borzh^:  bil    the  borshch  was  tasty 
fkusnim] 

the  rein(s) 
yeast 


The  Russian  [kh]  is  the  same 
as  the  Scottish  sound  of  the  letter 
combination  ch  in  loch.  It  is  artic- 
ulated by  -the  back  of  the  tongue 
raised  towards  the  soft  palate  as  in  the  case  of  fk],  but 
so  as  to  form,  instead  of  the  complete  closure  of  [k], 
a  narrow  slit-like  passage  through  which  the  air  from 
the  lungs  is  forced  with  a  sound  of  friction. 


—     660     — 


Continued 


The  consonant  [gh]  has  the  same  place  and  manner 
of  articulation  as  [kh],  except  that  it  is  voiced. 

x  =  [ghj    only    at    the   end    of    a   word  before   a  voiced 
non-sonorant  (except  b). 

The  palatalized  counterpart  of  [kh],  namely  [kh^], 
has  the  same  place  of  articulation  as  [k^]  and  sounds 
like  the  h  which  many  English  speakers  pronounce  in 
huge,  human  (the  IPA  phonetic  symbol  is  [g]). 


E.g. 


Xx 

xaKH 

XOJIJl 

xyAOH 
xjie6 

HX 

B  yMax 
B  pyKax 
B  py6jiHX 

XHXpblH 

OH  XHxep 

XHMHK 

B    CHJlbHMX 

KpenKHX 
pynax 

BOX   HX   AOM 

HX  ;iexH 
3Aecb 


[kha] 

[khakH] 

[khol] 

[khudoy] 

[khlep] 

[ikh] 

[vumakh] 

[v  rukakh] 

[v  rubl^akh] 

[kh'^itriy] 

[on  kh^it^or] 

[khMm^ik] 

[f  s^il^ntkh, 

kr^epk^ikh 

rukakh] 
[vot  igh  dom] 
[igh  d^etM 

z^d^es^] 


The  Russian  letter  x 

khaki 

(entrance)  hall 

thin,  lean 

bread,  loaf 

their(s.) 

in  the  minds 

in  the  hands 

in  roubles 

sly,  cunning 

he  is  sly 

chemist  (not  druggist) 

ia  strong  firm  hands 


here  is  their  house 
their  children  are  here 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


%    t 
[ch^e] 


:}[ch^] 


q=:[j^]    only   at 
non-sonorant  (except  e 


The  Russian  [ch^]  and  [j^]  are 
respectively  like  ch  in  cheese  and 
j  in  ajar,  but  they  are  more  pala- 
talized than  their  English  counter- 
parts, which  is  due  to  a  higher 
position  of  the  front  of  the  tongue, 
the   end    of   a    word    before  a  voiced 


661 


Continued 


\  E.g.  qq 

qac 

qeft 

qbH 

qbe 

qbH 

Hoqb 

iioqb 

KJlKDq 

me  KJiroq? 
K;iK)q  3;iecb 
Hoqb  6biJia 

CblpOH 

[ch^e]                 The  Russian  letter  h 
[ch^as]               hour 
[ch''ey]               whose  (m  nom,  ace,  sing) 
[ch^'ya]                whose  {fern  nom,  sing) 
[ch'^yo]               whose  {n  nom,  sing) 
[ch'^yi]                whose  {nom,  ace,  pi) 
[noch'^]                night 
[doch'']               daughter 
[kluch^]              key 

gd^e  kluch'^]     where  is  the  key? 

kluj^  z'^d^'es^]  the  key  is  here 
[noj^  bila           it  was  a  damp  night 
siroy] 

Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

1X11=-- 

%    '^ 

[isej 

1.   [tjl 
3.  [d^z] 

The    Russian    [ts]    and  [dz]  are 
respectively  like    ts    in    tsetse  {fly) 
and  dz  in   adze,    but    they  are  not 
combinations  of  two  separately  pro- 
nounced sounds  ([t-f  s]  and  [d+z]); 

U  =  [ts]    even    bel 

after  it. 
i;=:[dz]    only   at 
non-sonorant  (exce 

E.g.  Uu          [tje] 
uejib         [tjeP 
ueHip       [tsen 
UHpK        [tjirl 
UbiraH      [tsig 
UBex         [tsv^ 
q-reu         Ich*^ 
qreu         [ch^'i 
3Aecb        z^ 

they   are   each    a    single   sound  (an 
affricate), 
ore   H,    which    .s    pronounced    as    [i] 

the   end    of    a    word   before  a  voiced 

pt   B). 

The  Russian  letter  u, 
]            aim,  purpose 
tr]           centre 
i]            circus  {show) 
an]          gipsy  (man) 
et]          colour 
^etj]       reader,  reciter 
.''edz       the  reader  (reciter)  is  here 
d^es''] 

—       662 


Obscured  Russian  Vowel  Sounds 
Represented  by  the  Letters  a,  o,  e,  si 

The  obscured  Russian  vowel  sounds,  which  can  only  occur 
in  unstressed  syllables,  are  [a],  [a],  [i^],  [i^]  and  [ij.  They 
are  represented  in  spelling  only  by  the  letters  a,  o,e,  and  a. 

The  meanings  of  unstressed  morphemes  with  these 
letters  in  them  remain  the  same  as  under  stress. 

Table  7 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


)= 


2.  [A] 


Like  the  RP  [a]  represented  by 
the  letter  u,  as  in  the  phrase  quite 
unknown  pronounced  with  no  stress 
on  un  [An].  Thus  [a]  is  an  [a]-like  sound,  but  weaker, 
shorter  and  a  little  closer  (higher)  than  the  stressed  [a]. 
Cf  caMa  [sAma]  {she)  herself  with  [sAmd:]  in  some  are 
[Ana]  she  with  [Ana:]   in  quite  unarmed. 

(1)  In  the  first  pretonic  syllable  when   pre- 
ceded by  a  hard  consonant; 

(2)  At  the  beginning  of  a  woi-d,  i.  e.  when 
not  preceded  by  any  consonant  and  no  matter  how  far 
removed  from  the  stressed  syllable. 

E.g. 


and 


OHa 
=  [A]: 


E.g. 


caMa 

[sAma] 

(she)  herself 

Majia 

[mAla] 

small,  little  {sh  f  of  a) 

KaKOH 

[kAkoy] 

what  kind,  which 

luarH 

[shAg^i] 

steps 

>Kapa 

[zhAra] 

heat(-wave) 

UapH3M 

[tsAr^fzm] 

tsar  ism 

AOMa 

[dAma] 

houses 

ropa 

[gAra] 

mountain 

Hora 

[HAga] 

foot;  leg 

H0>KH 

[nAzht] 

knives 

KOFAa 

[kAgda] 

when 

KOTOpblH 

kAioriy] 

which  {m  nam,  sing) 

annapai 

ApArat] 

apparatus 

OHa 

[Ana] 

she 

OHH 

[An^i] 

they 

o6biKHOBeHHbiH  [Ab tknAv^ennly]  usual,  customary 


663      — 


Russian 

letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Continued 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


:|  = 


3.  [a] 


Like  the  RP  neutral  vowel  [9]  re- 
presented by  the  letters  a  in  again, 
cadet  and  o  in  concurrent.  In  pre- 
tonic  syllables  (i.  e.  those  which  precede  the  stres- 
sed syllable)  the  Russian  [9]  has  a  faint  shade  of  the 
[i]  sound,  like  the  English  [a]  between  [k]  and  [g]  in 
back  again.  At  the  end  of  a  word  it  has  a  faint  shade 
of  [a],  like  the  RP  word-final  [a]  in  sofa  [soufa]  and 
runner  [rAna].  Cf  runner  [rAna]  with  pana  [rana] 
wound  and  paHO  [rana]  early,  and  concurrent  [kankAr- 
ant]  with  KOHKypeHX  [kankur^ent]  competitor. 

(1)  In  the  second  and  other  pretonic  sylla- 
bles (except  the  1st)  when  preceded  by  a 
hard  consonant; 

(2)  In  post-tonic  syllables  after: 

(a)  a  hard  consonant; 

(b)  the  soft  consonants  represented  by  the 
letters  4  and  m. 


|=[a]: 


E.g. 


caMOJieT 

[samA^et] 

napoxoA 

p^rAkhot] 

MOJIOKO 

[pialAko] 

xopouio 

[kharAsho] 

Ma  Ma 

[mama] 
[anna] 

Anna 

paHa 

[rana] 

paHO 

[rana] 

3Ta 

eta] 

3T0 

eta] 

njioxo 

[plokha] 

KOMHara 

[komnata] 

HaqaT 

[nach^at] 

poma 

[rosh^-.a] 

airplane 

steamship 

milk 

good,  well 

mammy 

Anna 

wound 

early 

this  {fern  nam,  sing) 

this  [n  nom,  ace  sing) 

bad(ly) 

room 

(is)  begun  (m) 

grove 


664    — 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


5.  [i^]^ 


Unlike  any  English  sound.  It  is 
a  single  vowel  (not  a  diphthong), 
intermediate  in  quality  between  [i] 
and  [e].  There  is  a  strong  tendency  in  Modern  Russian, 
especially  in  the  speech  of  the  younger  generation,  to 
pronounce  [i^]  very  much  like  [i]. 

a=[i^]  in  the  1st  pretonic  syllable  after  w  and  m. 


E.g. 


qacbi 

tiacTHua 

maAHTb 


[chM^si] 

[ch^i^s^t^itsa] 

[sh^:i^d^it^] 


hours;  clock 

particle 

to  spare  (life) 


Like  the  English    [i]    represented 

by     the     letters     a    in     tonnage, 

e     in    begin     and    pocket,      i     in 

porridge   and   y    in    many.    It    is    a   little    more   open 

(lower)  and  retracted  as  compared  with  [i]. 

a=[i]:  (1)  In  the    second    and  other    pretonic  syllables 

(except  the  1st)  after  h  and  m- 

(2)  In  a    non-final    post-tonic   syllable   after  4. 

E.g.     qacoBOH  [ch^isAvoy]        hour-long,  hourly 

qacTOTa  [ch^istAta]  frequency 

nomaJKena  [pash^-.izhi^na]  (she  is)  spared 

HanaTbi  [nach^itt]  (they  are)  begun 

HanajiH  [nach^il^'i]  (we,  you,  they)  began 


*  The  omission  of  a  number  indicating  a  sound  value  means 
that  the  letter  in  question  is  devoid  of  the  sound  value  with  this 
number,  which  other  letters  have.  See  sound  values  4,6  and  8  of 
the  letier  e. 


—     665 


Continued 


slightly  more  to  [ej 


Unlike  any  English  sound  It  is  a 
single  vowel,  intermediate  in  quality 
between    [i]    and  [e],    but    tending 


a=[f]  in  the  1st  pre+onic  syllable  after  ui,  m  and  u, 
(usually  before  a  soft  consonant).  In  some  words  [a] 
may  be  pronounced  after  these  letters  instead  of  [F],  in 
others  [i"]  is  the  only  norm. 


E.g.     jiomajxeu  Hei  [lashiM^ey  n^et] 
HOJiexb  [zhfl^'et^j 

c  jxBajxmTbK^  [z  dvattji'^t^yu 
pyojiHMH  rubPam^i] 


there  are  no  horses 
to  pity,  to  be 

sorry  for... 
with  twenty   rou- 
bles 


Russian 
letters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronuncialion  and  reading  rules 


3.  19] 


(1)  After  UI,  m  and  u,: 


(a)  in  the  second  and  other  pretonic  syllables; 

(b)  in  post-tonic  syllables; 

(2)  In  a  final  post -tonic   syllable    in    nouns  n,  mm, 
sing  after  a  soft  consonant. 


E.g. 


luenxyHbi 

B    JKCJiyflHX 

uejiOBaib 
OH  Bbimeji 
c  My^eM 
c  nxHueH 
Mope 


[ shaptunf ] 

[v  zhalud^akh] 

[tj9lAvat^] 

[on  vtshal] 

[s  muzham] 

[s  pt^itj9y] 

[m6r^9] 


whisperers 

in  acorns 

to  kiss 

he  went  out 

with  the  husband 

with  the  bird 

sea 


—     666      — 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


E.g. 


flo6poe  jxeJio 
y  Hee  ABoe^ 
(xpoe)  fleieH 
y  Hee  Hex 
6paTbeB 


e= 


5.  IH 


In  a  post-tonic  syllable  after: 

(a)  a  vowel; 

(b)  the  "soft"  sign  b; 

^  brat^^n  ^'' 

In  the  first  pretonic  syllable  af 
er  a  palatalized  consonant. 


E.g. 


MeHfl 
Te6H 
oHa  BeJia 

'ji^eieft 
noMCMy 
meKa 


ImM^n^a] 

[t^i^b^a] 

[Ana  v'^i^la 
dMn^ey] 
Ipach^i^mul 
[sh^:i^kal 


me  {ace) 

you  (thou)  {ace) 

she  was  leading  (tli 

children 
why 
cheek 


e= 


lyi^l  1       In  the  first  pretonic  syllable: 

(a)  at  the  beginning  of  a  wor 

(b)  after  a  vowel; 

(c)  after  b; 


E.g. 


e^a 

BoeBaxb 

CbeAoSHbift 

Oe-beKTHEHblH 

ribepo 


(d)  after  t*. 

[yi^da] 

[vayi^vat^l 

[s^yi^dobniyl 

Ubyi'ktMvntyl 

[p^yi^ro] 


food,  meal 
to  wage  war 
edible 
objective 
Pierrot 


ussian 
otters 


Their 
sound 
values 


Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 


soft  consonant: 


second    and    other 
syllables     (except 


pe^b  nepe- 
Be;ieHa 


(a)  in  the 
pretonic 
the  1st); 

(b)  in  post-tonic  syllables. 


[r^ech^p^irh 


Be;ieHa  Vid^'i^nal         *^k  '^  w^  '^   ^^^s 

r.e  xe.e4.0H?  [gd^et^^l^iek]  wh'erf  L  the"' t'Jfe' 

phone? 


B   ^CTblpeX 

/^epeBHHx 
meKoraib 
B  ;ioMe 

BOCeMb 


U  ch^itlr^oqh 
d^ir^i^vn^akh] 
[sh^'iikAtat^] 
[v  dom^i] 
fvos^im'l 
[id^it^i] 


in  four  villages 

\o  tickle 

in  the  house 

eight 

(you)  go!,  come! 


fyi] 


(c)  after  t,. 


eiiHHHua 
eeponeeu 
EjiHsaBera 
Hae;tHHe 

06l,eKTHBH3M 


[yid*in^it§s] 

[yivrAp'ey9t§J 

[yil^iZAv^eta] 


unit 

European  (man) 

Elizabeth 


s».»,  sSL 


—       668       — 


Continued 


Russian 
letters 

Their 
sound 
values 

Pronunciation  and  reading  rules 

e= 

9.  [¥] 

After  m,  m  and  ^: 

ions  of  pr  sing  o 
comp  degree. 

E.g.     menxaTb 
jKeHa 
ueHa 
B  Haiue 
0  uyme 

B    CHTUe 
B    JI0>Ke 

Ha  yjiHue 

MCHbUie 

(a)  in  the  first    pretonic  syllable; 

(b)  at  the  end  of  unstressed    flex- 
all   genders,    dat   sing  [em  and  the 

shi'ptat^]          to  whisper 

zht^na]              wife 

tji^na]               price 

f  ch^ashi^]        in  the  cup 

A  muzhi^]         about  the  husband 

f  s^ittjt*^]          in  chintz 

v  lozhn           in  the  (theatre)  box 

nA  uPitsf'^]       in  the  street 

m^en^'shj^]        less,  smaller 

bPizht"]           nearer 

«= 

3.  [^al 

In    post-tonic    syllables    after   a 
soft  consonant. 

E.g.       HHHH 
HMH 
AHAH 
TCTH 
0  AHAHX 
TeTHM 
C    HHHHMH 
OHH    JII06hT 

[n^an*'9]             nurse 
[im^9]                (first)  name 
id^ad^9]            uncle 
lt''6t^9]              aunt 
[a  d^ad^9kh]     about  uncles 
[t^6t^9ml          to  (the)  aunts 
[sn^an^9m^i]    with  nurses 
[An^i  Pub^9tl  they  love 

-^     669      — 


Continued 


51  = 

4.  [ya] 

In  post-tonic  syllables: 

E.g.     6ojibiiiaH 
KOMHaia 
6paTbH 
py)KbH 
poH  aeMJiio 

(a)  after  a  vowel; 

(b)  after  b. 

[bAl^shaya         a  large  room 

komnata] 
[brat^ya]            brothers 
[ruzhya]             (shot)  guns 
[roya  z^emPu]  (while)    digging    the 
ground 

H= 

5.  IH^] 

In  the  first  pretonic  syllable,  aft- 
er a  soft  consonant. 

E.g.       HHXaK           [] 
MHCHOH        [l 

6yjib0M 

D^i^tak]                        five-copeck  coin 
Ti^i^snoy   bul^yon]    broth,  beef  tea 

H= 

6.  [yi«] 

In  the  first  pretonic  syllable: 

E.g.       H3bIK 

HHBapb 
OH    SaHBHJI 

HbHHerb 

OH  og-bHBHJI 

(a)  at  the  beginning  of  a  word; 

(b)  after  a  vowel; 

(c)  after  l; 

(d)  after  -b. 

[yi^zfk]                 language;     tongue 
[yi^nvar^j               January 
[on  zayi^v^il]        he  stated 
[p^yi^n^'et^l           get  drunk 
[on  Abyi^v^il]       he  announced 

—       670      — 


Continued 


H~ 


'7-  t'll 


(1)  In  the  second  and  other  pretonic 
syllables  (except  the  1st)  after  a 
soft  consonant; 

(2)  In  a  non-final  post-tonic  syllable; 

(3)  In  a  final  post-tonic  syllable 
before  a  soft  consonant. 


E.g.     HHTHjieTKa  [p^it^iPetka]        five-year  plan 

MHCHHKH  [m^is^n^ik^'i]      butchers 

njiaHbi  npHHHTH  [plan*  pr^in^i-     the  plans  are 


pbl6aKH    BblTH- 

HyjiH  ceib 
naMHTb 

flCBHTb 
fleCHTb 


til 

[ribAk^i  vft^i- 
nul^i  s^et^l 
[pam^it^] 
[d^ev'-it*'! 
[d^feht^j 


accepted 
the  fishermen 
drew  out  the  net 
memory 
nine 
ten 


f.    ,    ,     ,        In  the  second   and    other  pre- 
^'  ly^^     1    tonic  syllables  (except  the  1st): 


(a)  at  the  beginning  of  a  word; 

(b)  after  a  vowel; 

(c)  after  b; 

(d)  after  t*. 


E.g.     5i3biKH  [yizik^i] 

H3biK0B0H  [yizikAvoyl 

3T0  HMH  ync-  [eta  im^i 

Heno  uyis^n^i^no] 

9T0  6bijio  HM  [eta  b*la  im 

oe-bHCHeHO  Abyis^'n^i^no' 

OHa  6biJia  [Ana  bila 

onbjiHeHa  Aji^ym^i^na] 


languages;    tongues 

linguistic 

this  has  been  un- 
derstood by  them 

this  was  explained 
to  them 

she  was  intoxicated 


671       — 


>> 

•a 

0) 


by  bus 

on  the  window    sill 
for  (the)  dinner 
on  the  contrary 
as  far  as   the  drug- 
store 
one  by  one,  one  aft- 
er another 
zoology 
in  general 

II 

TO  o 

■o"o 

Si 

TO 
"> 

CO 

TO 
u 

TO 

C 

c 

CO 

-t-» 

S::^!^  <  ex     -a      ^I"^ 
•<                     <  < 

Vi 

c 

N 

A 
C 

>4 

A 

cac^ca^o       o       oo 

o 

Is 

o 

S 

a; 

K 

o 

K 

1 

< 

A 

1 

A 

11 

, ■ , 

S§S8 

TO  o 

11 

11 

—         672        — 


u^ 

^ 

«^ 

f2 

^ 

ca 

u 

CO 

s: 

^ 

(A 

c 

'/3  "^    t^ 

o 

^  ■*-•  !<1 

a;  3^ 

-J 

•'-'-*-'  JZ 

§s 

•^•5. 

>,— , 

>. 

vn^cg 

nV. 

J2-J=; 

^)J^ 

C/O     CO 

•*-•    N 

4)      (U 

»W  aj 

ui  ^ 

JH-a 

^  ^ 

N  X5 

L_l| 1 

« 

s 

|| 

K 

t; 

B  c 

K    O 

S    «5 

O    c; 

a3 

J3    TO 

o  en 

O)    0) 

\o  vo 

o  \o 

^ 

J3 

175 

N 

II 

II 

z^-^— - 

/— '— 

3  3 

^    « 

CJ    CO 

O    CO 

673      — 


^ 

■        <v  o 

u> 

"Q 

C3 

.— 1             CO 

il 

^ 

<U 

J3 

•5 

3 

ji:      J2      -^ 

c3 

to  scream,  to  sq 
later  (on) 

el 

c/5 
CO 

3 
O 

he  is  washing  ( 
self) 

he  wants  to  s 
himself  {or 
have  a  shave 

2| 

^  CO 

•^     CO 

>. 

c 

1—1 

c 

S 

" 

•4 

1     ll> 

3        ^-5 

^          — . 

.a"' 

1 

¥^ 

11 

2S 

3)  J) 

>       ex, 

^ 

'£.     £. 

c/)  "g 

l__l        l_-J 

^ 

K 

o 

2 

X 

5    «& 

X 

<v 

H          O 

« 

?5 

(b         C 

TO 

?2 

CO            OJ 

si 

s 
sr 

1     ^ 

O    CO 

m        CO 

vS 

S         O 

H    1 

II 

s        o 

cr   O 

O          O 

03 

:(U    CO 

CQ          C 

O   C 

u  ni 

t3    C 

M ?ij 

..  .-~. 

o 

^:g' 

^  ^ 

"-«» ~* 

se 

tr^ 

« 

'^  <^ 

1=,^ 

^    Ci. 

~  ^^"^ 

^^ 

,— , 

J3   c^  — a 

i^ 

TT  ■-■§ 

J3 

(V)      -w 

^) 

i^ 

^-S 

in  ^ 

7"*. 

T*-* 

II 

1 

OS 

II 
s 

11 
=r 

II 

II 

« 

-— '^^ 

o 

sg 

=^  s 

y    3- 

H   (=t 

H     Kl 

—     674      — 


1 

•S 

course 
hna 

.f 

TO  <*- 

u_             ^ 

^.      s 

ii 

u 

(/5           -^^ 

-^p-z 

«^    0£  CO   3J 

C    <-i 

-.EV^ 

certai 
on  pu 
Anna 

>>  >> 

t.    u< 

what 
noth 
some 
beca 

03    O 
0-1    c/5 

0;    0) 

W  o. 

<T) 

c 

J2 

.i2 

<a 

1 — 1  (T) 

v— 

J3        -4-> 

p_, 

11 

J3    O 

c^2S 

<  <:  c 

o  x: 

J2  ^ 

1 ^1 r 

CT3 

s 

3* 

S 

H 

S 

si 

O     TO     * 

§§ 

Si§J 

g5g£ 

Ife 

fefe 

u:  x< 

s"  ir  3"  c 

c?  2 

p^  s 

•C3 

CO 

4^ 

>^ 

i|^ 

'** 

_.^ 

, ^ 

=^^ 

to 

<u       o 

on 

;^ 

>^ 

III 

.  t3    C 

.s.§ 

«u 

^ <i) 

hn] 
nly  in 
inclu 
patro 

,1/^,  o_ 

175  o 

^  -t: 

' — ''— ' 

' — '^-^ 

II 

II 

II 

II 

ffi 

H 

i^ 

cr 

' 

P* 

u. 

[_ 

C^ 

*^ 

%> 

J^ 

« 

f^ 

^>- 

o  8 

JH  — 

C/) 


^^1 


ja 

H 
O 


675 


-a 

S5 

cu 

43 

plum-pudding 
to  march 
reign 

12 

J) 
cx  a. 

'to' 

2. 

n 

•a          1 — 1 

>a 

>a 
N 

••ca 
C 

s 

O    K 
c^  en 

11 

O 
S 

e 

O 

1 

a: 

12 
«^| 

ja  CQ  o 
ca  o  CO 

S  a  =f 

TO 
CO 

1 

C3 

K 
O 

i2) 

c 

CO  •*«» 

^    c/;    "3  ^ 

^    «   «u    3 

II 

ac 

II 

e 

II 

1 

II 

K 

II 
ca 
o 

CQ 

II 

676 


a  white  house 

a  wide  (broad) 

stream 
a  long  day 

a  dilapidated  house 

here  is  his  house 
whom  do  you  want 

(to  see)? 
give  us  some  black 

coffee,  please 

he  saved  himself 
(he  was  saved) 

the  coat  (jacket) 
has  gone  (got  torn) 
to  pieces  (along 
the  seams) 

?      ?      ? 

E  E   —    -r    ^ 

"f  rD     'O  -;2  ■^.o)  -s  H 

^1  II 
II  "^ 

T3    ^            r^    <V 

r-              E  J3 

>  TO        c  o^ 

E 

1   'TO 

^£ 

CO         'TO    ^ 

i  |l 

'O       ex 

1     . 

1     1    i    1 
1     §   1    - 

1    1  1  1 

OTO 

rt.        o  a 

o       as'S 
K       cx>. 

if   ii 

2           TO    C 

w 
o 

s 

o       ^  o 

§  1= 

(in  flex  pron 
m,  n,   gen, 
sing;  a,  m, 
n,  gen, 
sing) 

>> 

! 

o 

II 

II           II 

2             s 

677  — 


Words  with  Two  Stresses 


Words  with  two.  stresses  (primary  and  secondary)  are,  in 
contrast  with  English,  rather  rare  in  Russian.  They  are 
long  compound  words,  mostly  technical  and  scientific  terms, 
like  paAHOjioKauHH  [rad^ialAkatjiya]  radar,  the  so-called 
compound-contracted"  words,  like  napTSH/ieT  [pardb^il^et] 
party  [membership)  card,  and  words  with  certain  prefixes, 
like  nocjicBoeKHbiH  [pos^PivAyennty]  post-war  (a,  m,  nom, 
sing),  TpaHcaTjiaHTHHecKHH  [transAtlAn^f^ich^isk^iy]  transat- 
lantic. 

English-speaking  learners  must  avoid  giving  secondary 
stress  to  the  second  or  third  pretonic  syllable  of  a  long 
Russian  word,  as  they  do  in  pronouncing  long  English 
words.  Cf  demonstration  [demanstreijn]  with  its  Russian 
equivalent  ^eMOHCTpauHH  [d^imAnstratjiya]  or  electrification 
[ilektrifikeijn]  with  3jieKTpH4)HKauH5i  [el^iktr^'if^ikatjiyg]. 

Sentence  Stress 

The  following  are  some  of  the  most  important  points  of 
difference  between  Russian  and  English  sentence  stress. 

Personal  and  possessive  pronouns  very  often  bear  a  pri- 
mary or  secondary  stress  in  a  Russian  sentence,  especially 
when  followed  by  unstressed  syllables.  Cf  mm  nepe;]iaBajiH 
nocjie^HHe  HSBecxHH  [ml  p^ir^idAvaPi  pAs^l^ed^n^iya  iz^- 
v^es^t^'iya]  with  you've  been  listening  to  the  news. 

Some  monosyllabic  prepositions,  like  Ha  [na]  on,  for,  up, 
H3  [iz,  -s]  out  of,  from  are  stressed  before  certain  nouns 
while  the  noun  itself  is  not  stressed,  and  both  words  are 
pronounced  like  a  single  word  with  the  vowels  of  the  noun 
obscured,  e.g.  na  ropy  [nagaru]  uphill,  h3  Jiecy  [iz^'Pisu] 
out  of  the  forest. 

Some  words,  such  as  the  relative  pronoun  KoiopbiH 
[kAtoriy]  which  (m,  nom,  sing),  usually  bear  secondary 
stress. 

Some  words,  such  as  the  conjunctions  ho  [no]  but,  to... 
TO...  [to...  to...]  now...  now,  are  never  stressed  but  their 
vowels  remain  unobscured,  e.g.  ho  6bijio  noa^HO  [no  bib 
pozna]  but  it  was  (too)  late,  to  AO>KAb,  to  cojinue  [to  dosh^:, 
to  s6nts9]  now  wet  (rain),  now  fine  (sunshine). 

Intonation 

Russian  differs  from  English  not  only  in  the  form  of  its 
speech-tones,  but  also  in  their  uses.  Thus  the  fall  in   pitch 


—         678       — 


in  the  falling  tone  is  less  sharp  and  starts  from  a  lower 
level  in  Russian  than  in  English,  and  this  tone  is  used  not 
only  in  sentences  expressing  categoric"  assertions,  special 
questions*,  commands  and  exclamations  (the  same  as  in 
English),  but  also  in  those  expressing  polite  requests  or 
invitations,  which  are  pronounced  in  English  with  the  ris- 
ing or  the  falling-rising  tone.  Cf 

Mbl    rOTOBbl. 


Kyfla  Bu  HAeie? 


CaAHTecb! 


KaK  KpacHBoI 


CaflHxecb, 
no}KaJiyHCTa 


^^*  down,  pi' 


*  f.  e.  those  beginning  with  an  interrogative    pronoun   or  adverb, 
e.  g.  who,  what,  when,  where,  etc. 


679 


The  rising  tone  used  in  Russian  interrogative  sentences 
expressing  ordinary,  matter-of-fact  general  questions*  is 
quite  different  in  form  from  the  rising  tone  used  in  English 
sentences  of  the  same  type.  The  Russian  rise  is  steep,  rapid 
and  reaches  a  very  high  level  in  the  last  stressed  syllable 
of  the  word  in  which  it  takes  place.  The  English  rise  in 
this  case  usually  starts  from  a  low  level,  begins  in  the 
second  half  of  the  last  stressed  syllable  and  is  rather  slow.  Cf 


(Mne)  qHTaib? 


If  the  word  in  which  the  rise  takes  place  ends  in  an 
unstressed  syllable  (or  syllables),  the  steep  and  high  Russian 
rise  is  followed  by  a  slow  descent  in  the  final  unstressed 
syllable(s).  In  an  English  word  of  this  type  the  last  stressed 
syllable  is  pronounced  on  a  low  level  pitch  while  the  rise 
occurs  in  the  final  unstressed  syllable(s).  Cf 


Bu  roTOBbi? 


This  English  rise,  typical  of  ordinary  yes  or  no  questions 
in  English,  may  be  used  in  a  Russian  general  question  only 
when  it  implies  at  the  same  time  perplexity,  doubt  or  sur- 
prise, e.g. 


(Mne)  qHTaxb? 


(Do  you  really  mean) 
I  must  read? 


i.  e.  those  requiring  yes  or  no  for  the  answer. 


680 


Bbi  roTOBbi? 


(Do  you  really  mean  to  say) 
you  are  ready? 


English-speaking  learners  must  take  special  care  not  to 
use  this  type  of  rise  in  an  ordinary  general  question  in 
Russian,  because  it  is  likely  to  sound  strange,  and  even 
comic,  to  the  Russian  ear. 

Both  types  of  rise  may  be  used,  however,  in  a  non-final 
sense-group  in  a  Russian  sentence,  e.g. 


Ilocjie  o6e;ta 
OH  ry jiaer. 


or 


or 


'    A  d9, 


The  falling-rising  tone,  as  in  the  second  variant  of  the 
first  sense-group  in  the  above  sentence,  should  also  be  avoid- 
ed in  speaking  Russian. 

Any  more  detailed  description  or  a  more  exact  represen- 
tation of  Russian  intonation,  as,  indeed,  of  the  whole  sound 
system  of  Russian,  would  be  beyond  the  scope  of  the  pres- 
ent work. 


ESSAY   ON   THE   RELATIONSHIP   BETWEEN 
RUSSIAN   SOUNDS   AND   LETTERS 

By  Morris  Halle 


As  is  well  known,  Russian,  unlike  English,  has  an  orthography 
that  consists  of  a  small  number  of  general  rules  to  which  there 
are  few  exceptions.  Learning  to  read  Russian  is,  therefore,  only 
a  minor  hurdle  for  the  Russian  first  grader.  In  certain  cases, 
however,  this  very  regular  orthography  tends  to  obscure  the 
grammatical  structure  of  the  words.  It  both  hides  true  connec- 
tions among  certain  forms  and  suggests  false  connections  among 
others.  Since  the  foreigner  learning  Russian  inevitably  is  heavily 
dependent  on  the  written  word,  he  is  all  too  frequently  misled 
by  this  regular  orthography,  and  his  time  is  needlessly  wasted. 
It  is  my  hope  that  the  comments  below  will  help  the  learner 
avoid  at  least  some  of  these  false  paths. 

Many  Russian  consonants  appear  in  two  distinct  varieties, 
palatalized  and  nonpalatalized.  Palatalized  consonants  are 
produced  by  placing  the  tongue  in  a  position  that  is  appropriate 
for  the  sound  [p]  as  in  "you"  or  [i]  as  in  "ski,"  while  the  rest 
of  the  vocal  tract  is  simultaneously  made  to  assume  the  primary 
articulation  of  the  consonant  in  question.  In  producing  non- 
palatalized  consonants,  the  primary  consonant  articulation  is 
accompanied  by  a  retraction  of  the  tongue  somewhat  like  that 
in  producing  the  sounds  [w]  as  in  "water"  or  [u]  as  in  "tune." 
We  shall  call  consonants  that  appear  in  both  varieties  before 
all  vowels  paired  consonants  and  distinguish  them  from  unpaired 
consonants,  which  appear  in  only  one  variety  before  a  given 
vowel.    Russian  has  24  paired  consonants:  ^ 

pbfvm  tdszn  Ir 

pB    51,    ft    v^    m^*  t^    d^    s^    z^    n^  l^*    r^ 


1  The  symbols  employed  in  this  essay  are  those  in  "A  Guide 
to  Russian  Pronunciation,"  immediately  preceding. 


682 


and  9  unpaired  consonants: 

k    g    kh  ch^    sh    zh    sh^:^  ts    y 


A.  The  Orthography  of  Paired  Consonants 

The  Russian  alphabet  does  not  possess  separate  consonant 
letters  to  distinguish  palatalized  from  nonpalatalized  paired 
consonants.  Instead,  palatalization  or  its  absence  in  a  paired 
consonant  is  signaled  by  the  following  letter.  If  the  consonant 
stands  before  a  vowel,  palatalization  or  its  absence  is  indicated 
by  the  following  vowel  letter,  and  for  this  reason  the  Russian 
alphabet  has  twice  as  many  vowel  letters  as  there  are  distinct 
vowels  in  the  language.  The  five  letters  a  a  bi  ^  o  y  indicate 
that  a  preceding  paired  consonant  is  nonpalatalized;  the  letters 
H  e  H^  e*  K)  that  it  is  palatalized.  E.g.,  Bdji  "billow"  —  bhji 
"limp";  h6c  "nose"  —  nee  "(he)  carried";  hmji  "ardor"  — 
nHJi  "(he)  drank."  If  the  paired  consonant  is  not  before  a 
vowel  —  i.e.,  if  it  stands  before  a  consonant  or  at  the  end  of  a 
word  —  palatalization  is  signaled  by  a  special  letter,  the  "soft- 
sign"  B,  which  is  written  after  the  consonant.  The  absence  of 
a  "soft-sign"  in  this  position  indicates  that  the  paired  consonant 
is  nonpalatalized.  E.g.,  h^jib  "dust"  —  hbiji  "ardor";  b^cb 
"all"  —  B^c  "weight";  r6pBKa  "bitter"  —  r6pKa  "little  moun- 
tain" (pej.)  • 

An  immediate  consequence  of  this  spelling  convention  is  that 
suffixes  beginning  with  a  vowel  will  appear  in  two  graphic  forms, 
one  after  stems  ending  in  palatalized  consonants  and  the  other 
after  stems  ending  in  nonpalatalized  consonants.  iVloreover, 
Russian  has  grammatical  forms  in  which  the  stem  appears  with- 


2  It  would  have  been  more  correct  to  regard  sh^:  as  the  pho- 
netic reflex  of  the  sequence  shch^.  To  motivate  this  departure 
from  strict  correspondence  with  the  spelling  system  would  take 
us  too  far  afield,  and  we  shall,  therefore,  regard  sh^:  as  a  single 
unit. 

'  The  letters  h  and  bi  represent  the  (single)  vowel  /i/,  in  spite 
of  rather  striking  phonetic  differences  in  the  reflexes  of  this 
vowel  in  position  after  palatalized  and  nonpalatalized  consonants. 

4  The  diaeresis  is  written  only  when  the  vowel  is  stressed  and 
even  then  is  frequently  omitted.  More  on  the  spelling  of  /o/ 
will  be  given  later. 


683 


out  suffix  —  or  in  more  technical  language,  in  which  the  stem 
appears  before  a  zero  suffix.  The  zero  suffix  will  be  represented 
by  the  "soft-sign"  if  the  stem  ends  in  a  palatalized  consonant, 
but  will  remain  unrepresented  in  the  orthography  if  the  stem 
ends  in  a  nonpalatalized  consonant.^  It  is,  therefore,  not  sur- 
prising that  the  Russian  declension,  which  consists  primarily  in 
adding  vocalic  suffixes  to  consonantal  stems,  should  present  a 
highly  varied  picture  at  first  sight.  Once  the  way  in  which 
Russian  is  spelled  is  taken  into  account,  however,  much  of  the 
variety  in  the  spellings  is  revealed  as  a  reflection  of  a  much 
simpler  underlying  system. 

As  shown  in  the  following  table,  the  case  suffixes  of  a  masculine 
noun  ending  in  a  nonpalatalized  consonant  such  as  ctoji 
"table"  are  (with  the  exception  of  the  gen.  pi.)  exactly  identical 
with  those  of  a  masculine  noun  ending  in  a  palatalized  consonant 
such  as  p;^jTB  "steering  wheel."  The  same  holds  true  (with- 
out exception)  of  the  case  suffixes  of  feminine  nouns  with  pala- 
talized and  nonpalatalized  stems;  e.g.,  pLi6a  "fish"  and  hhhh 
"nurse." 


Singular 

Plural 

Norn.  Ace. 

CTOJI 

pyJiB 

CTOJ16 

pyjiH 

Gen. 

CTOJid, 

pyjiH 

ctoji6b 

pyjiefi 

Dat. 

CTOjiy 

pyji6 

CTOJI^M 

pyjiHM 

Instr. 

ctoji6m 

pyjiGM 

CTOJidMH 

pyjIHMH 

Prep. 

CTOJie 

pyjie 

CTOJidx 

pyjiax 

Nom. 

pLi6a 

HHHa 

PLi6li 

HHHH 

Gen. 

p^i6i>i 

HHHTT 

PLI6 

HHHb 

Dat. 

pbi6e 

HflHe 

pbi6aM 

HflHHM 

Ace. 

pbi6y 

HHHIO 

pbi6 

HHHb 

Instr. 

pH6ofi 

HHHefi 

pbi6aMH 

HHHHMH 

Prep. 

pLi6e 

HHHe 

pbi6ax 

HHHHX 

The  preceding  table  requires  two  further  comments.  (1)  It 
will  be  observed  that  the  suffix  /e/  of  the  prep.  sg.  and  of  the 
dat.  sg.  fem.  has  one,  instead  of  the  expected  two  representations. 


5  In  the  gen.  pi.  masc,  nouns  with  stems  ending  in  a  pala- 
talized consonant  take  a  different  suffix  than  nouns  with  stems 
ending  in  a  nonpalatalized  consonant. 


684 


Rather  than  the  expected  ctoji6  and  pbi69  we  get  cTOjie  and 
pBi6e.  This  is  because  in  Russian  words  only  palatalized  paired 
consonants  can  appear  before  the  vowel  /e/.^  (2)  In  the  instr.  sg. 
suffix  of  fern,  (second  declension)  nouns,  the  suffix  -oft  is  paral- 
leled by  -efi  instead  of  the  expected  -efi.  This  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  Russian  spelling  does  not  distinguish  unaccented  /o/  and 
/e/  in  position  after  palatalized  consonants.^  This  explains  also 
the  appearance  of  the  letter  e  in  the  nom./acc.  sg.  suffix  of  neuter 
nouns  with  stems  ending  in  a  palatalized  consonant,  e.g.,  nojie 
"field,"  M6pe  "sea."  The  letter  e  here  represents  unaccented 
/o/  as  is  clear  by  comparing  it  with  neuter  nouns  such  as  6ejii.e 
"laundry,"  and  okh6  "window,"  where  the  suffix  is  accented, 
and  MecTo  "place,"  where  the  stem  ends  in  a  nonpalatalized 
consonant.8 


B.  The  Orthography  of  the  Unpaired  Consonants 

1.  The  Transcription  of  /y/ 

At  the  end  of  a  word  and  in  position  between  a  vowel  and 
a  consonant,  /y/  is  transcribed  by  the  letter  fi,  e.g.,  rep6fl  "hero," 
KO(J)eiiHfl  "coffee  house." 

At  the  beginning  of  a  word,  where  /y/  is  obligatorily  followed 
by  a  vowel,  the  vowel  letter  represents  both  the  vowel  and  the 
preceding  /y/.  The  letter  used  to  represent  the  two  sounds 
is  the  vowel  letter  which  elsewhere^signals  palatalization  in  the 
preceding  paired  consonant,  e.g.,  ejiKa   "Christmas  tree,"  a^ 


8  The  vowel  /e/  follows  nonpalatalized  consonants  in  foreign 
words,-  but  in  most  of  these  the  letter  e,  rather  than  the  expected 
3  is  written;  e.g.,  Ka6ape  "cabaret,"  Kamne  "scarf."  The  letter 
9  appears  in  only  a  few  words,  of  which  c^p  "Sir"  and  M^p 
"mayor"  are  the  most  common. 

^  If  the  suffix  is  accented,  the  expected  -eft  is  written;  e.g., 
seMjieft  "land,"  Kjiemngfi  "claw"  (of  shellfish). 

8  Russian  orthography  has  always  had  difficulty  with  the 
vowel  /o/  after  palatalized  consonants.  As  was  remarked  by 
Academician  A.  I.  Sobolevskij;  "The  Old  Russian  scribe  did 
not  know  how  to  transcribe  o  after  these  consonants  (just  as  we 
still  do  not  know  how  to  transcribe  it)."  JIeK^I^I  no  hctophh 
pyccKoro  asLiKa  (Moscow,  1907),  p.  61.  On  further  difficulties 
with  this  vowel,  see  below. 


685 


"poison,"  e^y  "(I)  travel,"  lor  "South,"  also  j^aro  "(I)  give," 
aae'M  "(we)  give,"  ctoht  "(they)  stand,"  hx  "their."  ^ 

In  position  between  a  consonant  and  a  vowel,  /y/  is  repre- 
sented by  either  the  "hard-sign"  -b  or  the  "soft-sign"  b.  The 
former  is  used  after  prefixes  (Russian  as  well  as  foreign),  the 
latter  is^used  elsewhere;  e.g.,  noAtgM  "rise,"  oe-LeKT  "object," 
but  jil6t  "pours,"  cTaTta  "article,"  Sejibro  "laundry"  (dat. 

sg.).'" 

Taking  these  conventions  into  consideration  the  exact  paral- 
lelism between  the  case  forms  of  nouns  with  stems  ending  in 
/y/  and  other  nouns  becomes  immediately  apparent: 

army  fish  hero  table 

Nom.  Sg.  dpMHH  pBi6a  Nom.  Sg.  rep6ii  ct6ji 

Gen.  Sg.    dpMHH  pli6li  Gen.  Sg.    rep6fl  cTOjid 

Ace.  Sg.     dpMHK)  pbi6y  Dat.  Sg.    rep6K)  ctoji^ 

Instr.  Sg.  dpMHefi:  p66oS  Instr.  Sg.  rep6eM  ctoji6m 

Gen.  PI.    dpMHfi  p66  Nom.  PI.  repdn  ctojili 

singing  place 

Nom.  Sg.      n^HHe  m^cto 

Gen.  Sg.        neHHH  M^CTa 

Dat.  Sg.        neHHK)  M^cTy 

Instr.  Sg.      n^HHBM  MecTOM 

Gen.  PI.        neHHfi  m^ct 

At  the  end  of  Russian,  words  certain  consonant  sequences  are 
not  admitted,  and  a  vowel  (either  /e/  or  /o/)  is  inserted  before 
the  last  consonant.  Thus,  for  instance,  in  place  of  the  expected 
gen.  pi.  cyaB6  (cf.  nom.  sg.  cyHi>6d),  we  have  cfji,e6  "fate^" 
instead  of  6kh,  6koh  "window,"  or  instead  of  k63ji,  kos^ji 
"billy  goat."  Among  the  consonant  clusters  that  require  the 
insertion  of  a  vowel  before  the  zero  suffix  are  those  ending  in  /y/. 
Hence,  the  gen.  pi.  forms  of  cxaTta  (=  /stat^ya/)  "article," 


9  Certain  foreign  words  do  not  follow  this  rule.  In  these  words, 
/y/  is  transcribed  by  the  letter  fi;  e.g.,  fi6A  "iodine,"  Hbio  fl6pK 
"New  York,"  rather  than  ejs,  and  Htro  EpK. 

1°  Since  /y/  is  always  palatalized,  the  vowel  following  it  is 
usually  transcribed  by  the  letters  signaling  palatalization  in 
paired  consonants.  Exceptions  to  this  rule  are  found  in  the 
spelling  of  foreign  words;  cf.,  ftn.  9. 


686 


ceMBit  (=  /s^emVa/)  "family,"  and  cbhhbh  (=  /sv^in^ya/) 
"pig"  are,  respectively,  not  craTfi  (=  /stat^y/),  ceMfi 
(=/s^em^y/),  cBHHft  (=  /sv^in^y/),  but  cxaTeii,  cbm^jS,  cbh- 
H^fi;^^  i.e.,  fornis  that  parallel  exactly  the  above-mentioned 
cyAe6,  OKOH,  Koaeji. 


2.  T/j^  Transcription  of  Vowels  after  Unpaired  Consonants 

The  rules  for  the  spelling  of  vowels  after  unpaired  consonants 
are  poorly  motivated  from  the  point  of  view  of  modern  Russian. 
This  is  the  area  where  Russian  schoolmasters  lord  it  over  their 
pupils,  who  in  these  cases  have  only  their  memory  to  fall  back  on. 

After  /k/  /g/  /kh/,  the  vowels  are  represented  by  h,  e,  a,  o,  y. 

After  /y/,  the  vowels  are  normally  represented  by  h,  e,  h,  e,  ^. 
In  a  few  foreign  words  we  find  also  o;  e.g.,  Hbk)  li6pK,  "New 
York,"  li6fl" iodine,"  K0MnaHi.6H  "partner." 

After  the  remaining  unpaired  consonants  /ch^  sh  zh  sh^:  ts/, 
/a/  /e/  /u/  are  represented  by  the  letters  a  e  y;  e.g.,  KapaH^amd 
"pencil"  (gen.  sg.),  06  OTi^e  "concerning  father"  (prep,  sg.), 
TOBd,pHii^y  "comrade"  (dat.  sg.) 

The  vowel  /i/  is  represented  by  the  letter  h  after  /ch^  sh  zh 
shV;  e.g.,  Mojinfi  "be  silent,"  mHTb  "to  sew,"  hchtb  "to  live," 
n^HT  "shield."  After  /ts/  the  vowel  /i/  is  represented  by  h 
in  declensional  suffixes;  e.g.,  Kyi^Lifi  "docktailed,"  Mojioai;^ 
"good  fellows,"  neBHBi  "singers,"  whereas  in  stems  both  h  and 
Bi  appear;  e.g.,  i^fipK  "circus,"  but  ^BI^dH  "gypsy";  i^H(j)pa 
"figure,"  but  i;bipk)jibhhk  "barber."  In  any  event,  this  is  a 
purely  arbitrary  convention  that  must  be  learned  by  rote  since 
the  consonant  [ts]  is  always  nonpalatalized  and  the  following 
/i/  is  pronounced  [+]. 

The  most  complicated  rule  governs  the  representation  of  /o/ 
after  /ch^  sh  zh  sh^:  ts/.  At  the  beginning  of  a  declensional 
suffix  which  adjoins  a  stem  ending  in  any  of  these  five  consonants, 
o  is  written  if  the  suffix  is  accented,  e  is  written  if  the  suffix  is 
unaccented.  As  a  result,  in  the  declension  of  the  comparative 
degree  of  the  adjective  66jiBmHfi  "bigger"  the  suffixes  are  spelled 


"  A  somewhat  special  spelling  rule  requires  that  when  the 
stress  does  not  fall  on  the  last  syllable,  the  inserted  vowel  be 
transcribed  by  h,  hence  r6cTHii  "(woman)  guest"  (gen.  pi.). 


687 


with  e,  while  in  the  declension  of  the  positive  degree  6ojii>m62 
the  suifixes  are  spelled  with  o: 


Gen.  Sg. 

66jii>mero 

6ojibm6ro 

Dat.  Sg. 
Prep.  Sg. 

66jibmeMy 
66  jibmcM 

6ojibm6My 
6ojibmoM 

1  the  declension: 

njieH6 

"shoulder' 

JIH^6 

jiHn,6M 

hohc6m 

"face" 

"face"  (instr.  sg.) 

"knife" 

6opm6M 

Bene 

cepA^e 

"beet  soup 

"common 

"heart" 

council"  (in  old  Novgorod) 

cepA^eM 

MymcM 

"heart"  (i 
"husband' 

nstr.  sg.) 
'  (instr.  sg.) 

TOBdpnmeM  "comrade"  (instr.  sg.) 

This  rule  holds  only  for  the  declensional  suffixes;  it  is  not  ob- 
served in  the  conjugation  of  the  verbs  where  /o/  in  accented 
suffixes  i^  represented  by  e,  and  by  e  in  unaccented  suffixes; 
e.g.,  BBAeM  "(we)  lead,"  neneM  "(we)  bake,"  mohccm  "(we)  can," 
jieaeM  "(we)  crawl." 

In  the  majority  of  roots,  o  is  written  after  hc,  m,  m,  i;,  h,  ii 
the  stress  falls  on  the  /o/  in  all  derived  and  inflected  forms;  if 
the  stress  is  not  fixed  on  the  /o/,  e  or  e  is  written.  Hence,  we 
find  o  in  H6KaTbCH  "to  clink  glasses,"  m6pox  "rustle,"  but  e 
and  e  in  jKejiTbifi  "yellow,"  adj.,  jKSJiTeTb  "yellow,"  vb.,  menoT 
"whispers,"^ noun,  menT^Tb  "whisper,"  vb.,  jKtoi  "women," 
nom.  pi.,  jKeHbi  "woman,"  gen.  sg.^^ 


3.  The  ''soft-sign"  after    in    ac     h    m 

After  m  Ht  H  m  the  "soft-sign"  b  is  written  in  forms  with 
a  zero  suffix  of  3rd  declension  feminine  nouns  to  distinguish 
these  from  forms  with  zero  suffix  of  other  nouns,  e.g., 


12  In  foreign  words,   this  convention  does  not  hold;     e.g., 
moKOJidA  "chocolate,"  mocce  "highway,"  mo^ep  "chauffeur." 


3rd  Declension 

2nd  Declension 

Mbimb 

Jl6HCb 
H6Hb 

B^mb 

"mouse" 
"lie" 
"night" 
"thing" 

Kpbim     ' 
K6m 

p6m 

'roof" 
'skin" 
'cloud 
'grove 

(gen.  pi.) 
(gen.  pi.) 
"  (gen.  pi.) 
"  (gen.  pi.) 

1st  Declension 

KaMbim 
h6hc 
Bpd^ 
66pm 

"reed" 
"knife" 
"physician 
"beet  soup 

" 

The  "soft-sign"  thus  functions  as  a  purely  grammatical,  rather 
than  as  a  phonetic  marker.  It  appears  in  this  function  also  in 
the  infinitive  forms  in  nh  and  in  the  2  sg.  pres.;  e.g.,  6epeHb 
"save,"  ne^b  "bake,"  uoud^h  "help,"  Beaemb  "(you)  carry, 
drive,"  BH^Hinb  "(you)  see,"  x6^emb  "(you)  want." 


^^^ 


UNIVERSITY   OF    FLORIDA 


3  lEt.2  QMMDEbSB  1 

Withdrawn  from  UF.  Surveyed  to  Internet  Archive 


UO