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College 

BULLETIN 

Vol.  8  (NEW  SERIES)       MARCH,    1921  No.    12 


P 

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l\^a- 


MtGr€tiia,Pa, 


SUMMER  SCHOOL  NUMBER 
19  2  1 


PUBLISHED    BY 

LEBANON    VALLEY    COLLEGE 

ANNVILLE,      PA. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  Annville,  Pa.,  under  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2011  with  funding  from 

LYRASIS  Members  and  Sloan  Foundation 


http://www.archive.org/details/lebanonvalley1921812leba 


Lebanon  ^^allep  College 

Mt.  Gretna 
Summer  School 

1921 


ADMINISTRATION   BUILDING 


BULLETIN 

Published  by 

Lebanon  Valley  College 
Annville,  Pa. 


CALENDAR 


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Summer  School  Calendar 


June  18,  20  and  21 — Registration  of  Students 

June  20 — Summer  Term  Begins 

July  29 — Summer  Term  Ends 


ADDRESS  ALL  SUMMER  SCHOOL  CORRESPONDENCE  TO 

SAMUEL  O.  GRIMM,  Registrar 

MOUNT  GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL 

ANNVILLE,  PENNSYLVANIA 


THE  FACULTY 


GEORGE  DANIEL  GOSSARD,  B.D.,  D.D. 

President 

JOHN  EVANS  LEHMAN,  A.M.,  Sc.D. 

Professor  of  Mathematics 

HIRAM  H.  SHENK,  A.M. 

Professor  of  History 

SAMUEL  HOFFMAN  DERICKSON,  M.S. 

Professor  of  Biological  Sciences 

SAMUEL  O.  GRIMM,  B.Pd.,  A.M. 

Professor  of  Education  and  Mathematics 

CHRISTIAN  R.  GINGRICH,  A.B.,  LL.B. 

Professor  of  Social  Sciences 

MALCOLM  M.  HARING,  A.M. 

Professor  of  Chemistry 

T.  BAYARD  BEATTY,  A.M. 

Professor  of  English 

R.  R.  BUTTERWICK,  A.B.,  D.D. 

Professor  of  Bible  and  Philosophy 

WALTER  E.  SEVERANCE,  A.M. 

Professor  of  Latin  and  Education 

MARY  C.  GREEN 

Professor  of  French 


Committee  in  charge  of  the  Summer  Session 

T.   BAYARD   BEATTY,  Director 
C.   R.   GINGRICH,  Secretary 
SAMUEL  O.   GRIMM,  Registrar  and  Treasurer 
S.  H.  DERICKSON  H.  H.  SHENK  M.  M.  HARING 


General  Information 


THE  Mount  Gretna  Summer  School  Is  an  extension  of  the 
work  of  Lebanon  Valley  College,  authorized  and  ap- 
proved by  the  trustees  of  the  college  and  directed  by  the 
faculty.  The  sessions  are  held  at  Mount  Gretna,  Pennsylvania, 
in  the  buildings  of  the  Pennsylvania  Chautauqua  Association. 
The  environment,  the  social  life  of  the  resort,  the  opportunities 
for  healthful  recreation,  as  well  as  for  quiet  and  effective  study 
make  this  an  ideal  location  for  the  Summer  School.  The 
courses  are  planned  primarily  for  the  following  groups  of  men 
and  women: 

I.  Those  who  wish  to  complete  their  college  entrance  re- 
quirements. 

II.  Those  who  desire  to  shorten  the  period  of  college  resi- 
dence or  to  make  up  deficiencies. 

III.  Teachers  of  Elementary  schools,  high  schools,  and  nor- 
mal schools  who  seek  advanced  instruction  with  or  without  the 
idea  of  acquiring  a  degree. 

l\\  Collegiate  graduates  who  desire  to  acquire  credits 
towards  their  master's  degree. 

V.     Other  persons  who  desire  collegiate  instruction. 

ADMISSION  AND  ATTENDANCE 

There  are  no  formal  examinations  for  admission  to  the  summer 
school.  Students,  both  men  and  women,  will  be  admitted  to  such 
courses  as  the  respective  instructors  find  them  qualified  to  pursue 
with  advantage. 

In  order  that  the  work  may  proceed  with  dispatch  upon  the 
opening  of  the  term,  it  is  urged  that  arrangements  for  registra- 
tion be  made  by  mail.  Applications  for  admission  and  registra- 
tion will  be  received  by  the  Registrar  up  to  and  including  Satur- 
day, June  18;  address,  Annville,  Pa. 

On  Monday,  June  20,  and  Tuesday,  June  21,  registration  will 
be  continued  in  the  C.  L.  S.  C.  Building,  Chautauqua  Grounds, 
Mount  Gretna.    The  registration  hours  will  be  from  1  P.  M.  to 


6  LEBANON  VALLEY  COLLEGE 

4.  P.  M.  Since  the  number  of  students  will  necessarily  be 
limited  by  the  accommodations  available,  an  early  communi- 
cation will  insure  the  applicant  reservation  and  a  supply  of 
necessary  equipment.  Classes  will  be  open  to  all  on  June  20  and 
21,  but  after  June  21  they  will  be  restricted  to  duly  registered 
students. 

Regular  exercises  will  begin  promptly  on  June  20.  Notice  of 
any  proposed  addition  or  cancellation  of  courses  must  be  re- 
ported at  once  in  person  at  the  Office  of  the  Registrar.  Students 
will  be  allowed,  after  securing  the  consent  of  the  Director,  to 
make  changes  in  their  courses  up  to  and  including  Tuesday, 
June  21,  but  after  June  21  they  will  be  permitted  to  make  no 
changes  whatever.  Full  credit  will  be  given  only  for  those  courses 
for  w^hich  students  have  registered  and  paid  not  later  than  June 
21.  Students  registering  June  22  to  30,  inclusive,  may  receive 
half  credit  for  the  work  done  in  any  course;  but  students  enter- 
ing after  June  30  will  receive  no  academic  credit.  A  student  at- 
tending any  course  is  required  to  do  the  full  work  assigned  to 
the  class;  auditors  are  not  admitted.  Absence  from  class  exer- 
cises may  be  excused  only  in  case  of  illness. 

PROGRAM 

Exercises  will  be  held  every  day  in  every  subject,  but  no  stated 
exercises  w411  be  held  on  Saturdays,  with  the  exception  of  the 
first  week,  Saturday,  June  25.  Each  course  will  consist  of  thirty 
lectures  or  other  exercises,  or  their  equivalent  in  laboratory  or 
field  work. 

Students  are  allowed  to  take  one  or  more  courses  as  they  de- 
sire, although  they  are  advised  not  to  exceed  six  credits.  All 
courses  are  assigned  a  certain  number  of  tuition  points  and  most 
courses  have  a  credit  value.  A  point  is  the  credit  gained  for  a 
duly  matriculated  student  upon  the  completion  of  an  hour 
weekly  for  one  academic  half  year,  or  the  equivalent  thereof,  un- 
less otherwise  specified,  and  is  designated  a  semester  hour  credit. 
One  hour  of  lecture  or  recitation,  or  two  hours  of  laboratory 
work  daily  during  the  summer  session  will  cover  the  require- 
ments for  two  semester  hours  towards  the  bachelor's  degree,  and 
in  some  cases  towards  the  master's  degree. 


MT.  GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  7 

BUILDINGS  AND  GROUNDS 

The  sessions  are  held  at  Mount  Gretna,  Pennsylvania,  in  the 
buildings  of  the  Pennsylvania  Chautauqua  Association,  situated 
on  the  grounds  of  the  Association.  These  buildings,  especially 
designed  for  educational  work,  contain  commodious  and  well 
equipped  class  rooms  and  are  located  in  the  heart  of  the  resort. 
It  is  through  the  kind  and  generous  cooperation  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Chautauqua  Association  that  the  excellent  facilities  for  edu- 
cational work  of  that  Association  are  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the 
summer   school.      Adjoining   the   grounds   of   the   Pennsylvania 


CA^^IPUS    VIEW 

Chautauqua  Association  are  grounds  of  the  Campmeeting  Asso- 
ciation of  the  United  Brethren  in  Christ.  This  resort  of  nearly 
five  hundred  cottages,  scattered  among  the  trees  and  shrubbery, 
accommodate  a  summer  population  of  several  thousand  people. 
To  the  west  of  the  grounds  of  the  Chautauqua  Association  is  the 
beautiful  Lake  Conewago  which  offers  splendid  facilities  for 
bathing  and  boating.  This  lake  is  fed  by  pure  mountain  streams 
flowing  from  innumerable  springs  of  the  finest  water  to  be  found. 
The  grounds  also  adjoin  those  of  the  military  reservation  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  w^here  encampments,  attended 
by  thousands  of  soldiers  are  held  annually. 

Mount  Gretna  is  situated  on  the  Lebanon  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  eleven  miles  from  Conewago  where  it 
forms  a  junction  with  the  main  line.    At  Lebanon  this  railroad 


8 


LEBANON  VALLEY   COLLEGE 


joins  the  Philadelphia  and  Reading,  so  that  Mount  Gretna  is 
within  commuting  distance  of  Lebanon,  Lancaster  and  Harris- 
burg.  It  is,  moreover,  easily  accessible  from  these  points  by 
automobile,  being  located  midway  between  the  Lincoln  Highway 
and  the  William  Penn  Highway. 

BIOLOGICAL  ADVANTAGES 

Mount  Gretna  is  a  paradise  for  the  Naturalist  or  Biologist. 
The  opportunities  for  the  study  of  inland  forms  of  life  are  un- 
limited. An  abundant  variety  of  plant  and  animal  associations 
and  varied  ecological  conditions  are  accessible.  The  topography 
consists  of  mountains  with  a  wide  range  of  forest  trees  and  shrubs, 
deep  ravines,  with  cold  mountain  streams,  carrying  the  pure 
spring  water  through  densely  vegetated  swamps  out  into  richly 
cultivated  meadowlands.  Old  fields,  once  under  cultivation  and 
now  reserved  for  military  purposes,  supply  unusual  types  of 
uncultivated  forms  of  life.  The  lake  and  ponds  are  rich  in  aquatic 
forms,  some  of  which  are  very  rare.  The  flora  is  rich  in  fungae, 
mosses,  ferns  and  flowering  plants.  Over  thirty  species  of  ferns 
are  found  in  the  vicinity.  Over  one  hundred  species  of  flowering 
plants  have  been  identified  by  classes  in  a  single  day's  tramp. 
An  herbarium  of  several  hundred  species  may  be  collected  in  a 
season. 

Birds  and  insects  are  abundant  both  in  species  and  numbers 


TENNIS    COURTS 


MT.  GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  9 

and  in  the  summer  season  offer  excellent  opportunities  for  the 
study  of  breeding  habits  and  life  histories. 

All  necessary  equipment  from  the  biological  laboratories  of 
the  college  will  be  transferred  to  a  laboratory  which  has  been 
provided  in  the  Hall  of  Philosophy  at  Mount  Gretna. 

ENTERTAINMENT  AND  LECTURE  COURSES 

During  the  Summer  Session  a  series  of  lectures  and  entertain- 
ments, under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  Summer 
School  faculty  and  the  Women's  Auxiliary  Society  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Chautauqua  Association,  will  be  offered  to  the  public. 

THE  BIBLE  CONFERENCE 

The  United  Brethren  Bible  Conference,  directed  annually  by 
many  of  the  most  noted  Bible  teachers  of  the  day,  follows  im- 
mediately after  the  close  of  the  Summer  School.  This  Confer- 
ence is  held  on  the  grounds  of  the  Campmeeting  Association. 

FEES 

A  matriculation  fee  of  five  dollars  ($5.00)  will  be  charged  each 
student  upon  registration. 

Tuition  will  be  charged  at  the  rate  of  six  dollars  ($6.00)  per 
semester  hour  credit.  For  courses  in  which  no  college  credit  it 
allowed  tuition  will  be  charged  at  the  same  rate;  that  is,  for  a 
course  offered  one  hour  per  day  the  tuition  for  the  course  will  be 
twelve  dollars  ($12.00).  Rates  for  special  courses  will  be  supplied 
upon  application. 

Checks  should  be  drawn  for  the  exact  amount  of  the  bill  and 
made  payable  to  the  order  of  the  REGISTRAR,— MOUNT 
GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL. 

BOARD  AND  ROOM 

A  limited  number  of  rooms  will  be  supplied  by  the  school  at 
rates  ranging  from  two  dollars  ($2.00)  to  four  dollars  ($4.00) 
per  week. 

Rates  for  rooms  and  board  outside  of  the  school  are  as  follows: 

Hotel  Conewago — Board  and  room — When  two  persons 
occupy  the  same  room  the  rates  will  be  $3.00  to  $6.00  each  per 
day  or  $18.00  to  $36.00  each  per  week. 


10 


LEBANON  VALLEY  COLLEGE 


When  a  room  is  occupied  by  one  person  the  rates  will  be  $3.50 
to  $7.00  per  day  or  $2L00  to  $42.00  per  week. 

Chautauqua  Inn — Board  and  room — $16.00,  $18.00  and 
$21.00  per  week,  $3.50  per  day. 

The  Kauffman  House — Rates  for  room  and  board  vary 
from  $12.00  to  $25.00  per  week.  All  rooms  have  running  ar- 
tesian water.  Bungalows  operated  in  connection  with  the  hotel 
may  be  rented. 

Gretna  Hall — Board  and  room,  $10.00  per  week.  Boarding 
only,  $7.50  per  week.     Meal  tickets  at  special  rates. 


^''f 


HOTEL    CONEWAGO 


AIT.  GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  11 


Description  of  Courses 


BIOLOGY 

Professor  Derickson 

s-6 — Nature  Study — One  hour  per  day.  Two  classes  may  be 
conducted  in  nature  study,  one  for  boys  and  girls  from  the  pubhc 
schools  and  another  for  adults.  The  aim  of  the  course  will  be  to 
familiarize  the  student  with  the  forms  of  life  with  w^hich  they  are 
surrounded  and  to  acquaint  them  with  their  habits  and  asso- 
ciations. Assistance  will  be  rendered  those  who  desire  to  pur- 
sue special  studies  in  any  particular  group  of  plants  or  animals. 
No  college  credit. 

s-72 — Methods  of  Teaching  Nature  Study — One  hour  per 
day.  This  course  is  intended  for  teachers  or  those  preparing  to 
teach  Nature  Study  or  Biology,  who  w^ish  to  increase  their  effi- 
ciency in  presenting  various  forms  of  life  and  the  principles  of 
Biology  to  their  classes.  Practical  demonstrations  will  be  given 
and  opportunities  for  practice  teaching  may  be  had  by  those 
desiring  college  credit.  Two  semester  hours  credit  may  be  earned. 

s-81 — Bird  Study — One  hour  per  day.  About  sixty  species 
cf  birds  may  be  studied  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Mount 
Gretna.  The  class  will  spend  an  hour  or  more  each  morning  in 
the  identification  of  species  both  by  appearance  and  by  note. 
Special  work  in  the  study  of  feeding  and  nesting  habits  and  dis- 
tribution will  be  outlined  for  those  desiring  the  same.  Prepared 
skins  w^ill  be  at  hand  to  assist  in  the  closer  study  of  the  different 
species.  A  pair  of  opera  or  field  glasses  w^ill  be  found  ver}^  service- 
able in  the  course.  A  limited  number  may  be  rented  for  the 
season  from  the  laboratory.    One  semester  hour  credit. 

s-92 — Botany — One  hour  per  day.  This  course  will  consist 
largely  of  field  work  supplemented  by  laboratory  work.  Structure 
of  the  plants  and  their  relation  to  their  environment  will  be 
studied  and  the  plants  identified  with  the  aid  of  a  key.  Teachers 
of  Botany  w^ill  have  an  opportunity  of  becoming  familiar  with 
the  summer  flora  and  of  collecting  and  preserving  much  \'aluable 
material  for  use  in  their  classes.  A  copy  of  Gray's  Manual, 
Seventh  Edition,  will  be  needed  for  this  course.  Those  desiring 
to  prepare  an  herbarium  should  provide  themselves  w^ith  plant 
presses  and  driers.  Herbarium  materials,  note  books,  museum 
bottles  and  reagents  for  fixing  and  preserving  materials  for 
sectioning,  dissection  or  demonstration  can  be  purchased  at  the 
laboratory  at  cost.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 


12  ■  LEBANON  VALLEY  COLLEGE 

CHEMISTRY 

Professor  Harixg 

s-12-a — General  Inorganic  Chemistry^ — One  hour  per  day. 
Text:  General  Chemistry  for  Colleges,  Alex.  Smith.  Two  se- 
mester hours  credit.    Offered  in  192 L 

s-12-b — General  Inorganic  Chemistry — One  hour  per  day. 
A  continuation  of  s-12-a,  offered  in  1922.  Prerequisite  s-12-a. 
Text:  General  Chemistry  for  Colleges,  Alex.  Smith.  Two  semes- 
ter hours  credit. 

s-22 — Theory  of  Analytic  Chemistry — One  hour  per  day. 
Prerequisites  s-12-a  and  s-12-b.  Text:  Qualitative  Chemical 
Analysis,  Vol.  I,  Stieglitz.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-52-a — Organic  Chemistry— One  hour  per  day.  Pre- 
requisites s-12-a,  s-12-b  and  s-22.  Text:  Introduction  to  Organic 
Chemistry,  Stoddard.  Two  semester  hours  credit.  Offered  in 
1921. 

s-52-b — Organic  Chemistry — One  hour  per  day.  A  con- 
tinuation of  s-52-a.  Prerequisite  s-52-a.  Text:  Introduction  to 
Organic  Chemistry,  Stoddard.  Two  semester  hours  credit. 
Offered  in  1922. 

s-72-a — Physical  Chemistry — One  hour  per  day.  Pre- 
requisites s-12-a,  s-12-b,  s-22,  s-52-a,  and  s-o2-b.  Text:  Outlines 
of  Theoretical  Chemistry,  Getman.  Two  semester  hours  credit. 
Offered  in  1922. 

NOTE. — No  laboratory  work  in  Chemistry  will  be  offered- 
Where  courses  listed  carry  laboratory  w^ork,  full  credit  for  the 
course  will  be  given  when  such  work  has  been  successfully  com- 
pleted in  a  college  laborator}^ 

ECONOMICS 

Professor  Gin'grich 

s-12 — Economic  Theory — One  hour  per  day.  A  course  in 
Economic  theory  covering  the  work  of  one  semester.  Two  se- 
mester hours  credit.   Offered  in  alternate  years  beginning  in  1921. 

s-22 — Economic  Problems — One  hour  per  day.  A  study  of 
practical  economic  problems  continuing  the  work  of  Economics 
s-12,  which  is  a  prerequisite.  Offered  in  alternate  years  beginning 
in  1922.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-32 — Business  Associations — One  hour  per  day.  A  study 
of  the  several  types  of  business  associations,  the  liability  of  indi- 
viduals and   associations  engaged   in  business  and   a  practical 


MT.  GRETXA  SUMMER  SCHOOL 


13 


LIBRARY    BUILDING 


consideration  of  modern  business  methods.  Much  time  is  given 
to  the  study  of  corporations.  Offered  in  alternate  years  beginning 
in  1921.  Economics  s-12  and  s-22  prerequisites.  Two  semester 
hours  credit. 

s-42 — Uniform  Business  Law — One  hour  per  day.  This 
course  offers  a  general  survey  of  the  practical  phases  of  business 
law,  emphasizing  those  subjects  covered  by  uniform  statutes. 
Offered  in  alternate  years  beginning  in  1922.  Economics  s-12 
and  s-22  prerequisites.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-52 — Money  and  Banking — One  hour  per  day.  The  pur- 
pose of  this  course  is  to  familiarize  the  student  with  the  monetary 
history  of  the  United  States,  the  history  of  banks  and  banking, 
the  methods  of  banks  and  clearing  houses,  and  the  laws  relating 
to  this  subject.  Economics  s-12  and  s-22  prerequisites.  Two 
semester  hours  credit.  This  course  w^ill  be  offered  only  provided 
a  sufficient  number  of  students  elect  the  same  by  arrangement 
with  the  instructor  in  advance  of  registration. 

EDUCATION 

Professors  Grimm  and  Severance 

s-12 — History  of  Education— One  hour  per  day.  This 
course  will  be  an  analysis  of  the  History  of  Education  from  the 
days  of  primitive  man  to  the  present  day  with  especial  emphasis 


14  LEBANON  VALLEY  COLLEGE 

upon  the  work  of  Rousseau,  PestalozzI,  Herbart,  and  Froebel  as 
the  forerunners  of  modern  educational  theories  and  practices. 
Two  semester  hours  credit.  ,. 

s-32 — Principles  of  Secondary  Education — One  hour  per 
day.  This  course  will  begin  with  an  intensive  study  of  the  history 
of  public  education  in  the  United  States  to  determine  the  institu- 
tional origin  of  the  American  High  School.  The  subsequent  work 
will  concern  itself  with  the  educational  principles  that  energize 
our  present  secondary  school  work.    Tw^o  semester  hours  credit. 

s-62 — High  School  Administration — One  hour  per  day 
The  course  will  deal  with  the  best  ways  of  guiding  the  work  of 
teachers  and  of  pupils,  so  that  boys  and  girls,  on  leaving  school, 
may  be  as  well  fitted  as  possible  to  live  their  lives  with  the  great- 
est satisfaction  to  themselves  and  to  society. 

Attention  will  be  given  to  the  special  problems  of  directing 
high  schools  in  Pennsylvania. 

The  work  will  be  carried  on  by  means  of  lectures,  discussions, 
readings,  reports  and  examinations.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 


ENGLISH 

Professor  Beatty 

s-12 — Public  Speaking — One  hour  per  day.  This  is  a  course 
in  the  fundamentals  of  effective  speaking,  the  structure  of  the 
speech,  training  in  delivery  and  the  presentation  of  selections. 
One  semester  hour  credit. 

s-13 — Dramatic  Interpretation — One  hour  per  day.  This 
is  a  course  in  the  vocal  interpretation  of  several  of  Shakespeare's 
plays  and  of  several  modern  dramas  or  one  act  plays.  If  there  are 
enough  registrants  for  this  course  a  modern  play  will  be  presented 
at  the  close  of  the  session.    One  semester  hour  credit. 

s-52-a — American  Literature — One  hour  per  day.  This  is  a 
course  in  the  history  of  American  Literature  with  special  em- 
phasis on  Emerson,  Hawthorne  and  Whitman.  Lectures,  dis- 
cussions and  assigned  readings.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-52-b — Revolutionary  Literature — r7S9-LS25.  One  hour 
per  day.  This  course  covers  the  period  of  the  Revolutionary  and 
Romantic  Writers  with  special  emphasis  on  Godwin,  Southey, 
Coleridge,  Wordsworth,  Shelley,  Byron  and  Keats.  Lectures  and 
illustrative  readings.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

S-62 — Shakespeare — One  hour  per  day.  This  is  a  course  in 
the  life  and  art  of  Shakespeare.  Lectures,  discussions  and  re- 
quired reading.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 


MT.  GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  15 

s-72 — The  Short  Story — One  hour  per  day.  This  course  in- 
cludes a  brief  history  of  the  short  story  together  with  its  charac- 
teristics as  an  art  form.  Exercises,  theses  and  stories  with  dis- 
cussion and  conferences.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-202 — College  Entrance  English — One  hour  per  day.  This 
course  is  designed  to  prepare  for  College  English.  This  course 
emphasizes  composition  and  the  reading  of  assigned  classics. 
Lectures,  discussion,  themes  and  conferences.  One-half  unit 
credit. 

NOTE. — Other  courses  will  be  given  if  there  is  a  demand  for 
them.  Only  those  courses  will  be  given  in  which  there  are  at 
least  six  re2:istrants. 


FRENCH 

Professor  Greex 

s-a — Children's  Course  in  Conversational  French — One 

hour  per  day.  The  aim  of  this  course  is  to  enable  children  to 
understand  to  some  extent  the  language  when  spoken,  to  form 
simple  sentences,  to  memorize  nursery  rhymes  and  to  play  French 
games.     No  college  credit. 

s-b — Practical  Course  in  French  Conversation  and  Com- 
position— One  hour  per  day.  The  aim  of  this  course  is  to  give 
increased  facility  in  speaking  the  language  by  means  of  the 
direct  method.  It  is  intended  to  aid  those  desiring  to  speak 
French  without  an  intensive  study  of  grammar.  No  college  credit. 

s-12-a — First  Year  French---One  hour  per  day.  This  course 
includes  a  drill  in  French  pronunciation  and  grammar  with  ex- 
ercises in  dictation  and  composition.  Text:  Thieme  and  Effinger's 
French  Grammar.  Course  offered  in  192L  Two  semester  hours 
credit. 

s-12-b — First  Year  French — One  hour  per  day.  A  con- 
tinuation of  French  s-12-a  and  the  reading  of  the  following: 
La  Belle  France  and  La  Poudre  aux  yeux.  Course  offered  in 
1922.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-22-a — Second  Year  French — One  hour  per  day.  Ad- 
vanced Composition,  dictation  and  the  reading  and  interpreta- 
tion of  the  following  classics:  Madame  Therese  and  Lectures 
Historiques.    Course  offered  in  1921.   Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-22-b — Second  Year  French — One  hour  per  day.  Con- 
tinuation of  French  s-22-a  and  the  reading  of  the  following 
classics:  Standard  French  Authors  and  La  Mare  au  diable. 
Course  offered  in  1922.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 


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MT.  GRETXA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  17 

HISTORY 

Professor  Shenk 

s-12 — Pennsylvania  in  the  Federal  Union — One  hour  per 
da>\  A  course  In  the  History  of  the  United  States,  with  special 
reference  to  the  part  taken  by  Pennsylvania  in  the  affairs  of  the 
Federal  Government  from  1789  to  the  Civil  War.  The  course  is 
especlalh'  adapted  to  meet  the  needs  of  teachers  in  the  public 
schools  of  Pennsyhanla.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-22 — History  of  Modern  Europe — One  hour  per  day.  A 
study  of  modern  European  History  since  the  French  Revolution. 
Turner's  Europe  r7S9  to  LS20  will  be  used  as  a  text.  Two  se- 
mester hours  credit. 

Other  Courses  in  History  will  be  offered  in  case  a  sufficient 
number  of  students  apply. 

LATIN 

Professor  Severance 

s-12 — Livy  and  Terence — One  hour  per  day. 

The  most  important  passages  of  Livy's  Book  I  will  be  read 
rather  rapidly  for  the  story  content.  Matters  of  style  will  be 
lightly  touched  upon,  and  only  the  points  of  grammar  necessary 
to  elucidate  the  meaning  of  the  text. 

The  Phormio  of  Terence  will  occupy  the  last  half  of  the  course. 
Some  attention  will  be  given  to  noteworthy  points  in  the  language 
and  meter  of  the  play.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

S-22 — Virgil — One  hour  per  day. 

Selections  from  the  works  not  usually  read  in  secondary 
schools,  chiefly  from  the  last  six  books  of  the  Aeneid.  Two 
■semester  hours  credit. 

s-32 — Latin  Composition. — One  hour  per  day. 

Graded  exercises  in  connected  prose.  A  knowledge  of  forms 
and  of  syntax  and  some  practice  in  turning  English  into  Latin  Is 
presupposed.     Two  semester  hours  credit. 


MATHEMATICS 

Professors  Lehman  and  Grimm 

s-1 — Elementary  and  Intermediate  Algebra — One  hour 
per  day.  The  course  Is  arranged  to  meet  college  entrance  re- 
quirements.    No  college  credit. 


18  LEBANON  VALLEY  COLLEGE 

s-22 — Plane  Trigonometry — One  hour  per  day.  Covers 
trigonometric  functions  as  ratios.  Proofs  of  the  principal  for- 
mulae and  transformation  of  trigonometric  expressions  by  means 
of  these  formulae.  Solution  of  trigonometric  equations,  theory 
and  use  of  logarithms  and  the  solution  of  right  and  oblique  tri- 
angles.   Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-32 — Analytical  Geometry — One  hour  per  day.  This 
course  will  be  an  intensive  consideration  of  the  graphic  repre- 
sentation of  algebraic  expressions  and  will  have  a  somewhat 
technical  bent  to  relate  itself  as  closely  as  possible  to  the  needs 
of  the  technical  student.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-42 — Differential  Calculus — One  hour  per  day.  This 
course  will  be  an  intensive  study  of  that  basic  process,  differen- 
tiation, and  will  endeavor  to  lay  a  firm  foundation  for  a 
subsequent  study  of  Integration.  It  will,  therefore,  be  valuable 
for  the  student  intending  to  pursue  technical  study.  Two 
semester  hours  credit.  , 

PHILOSOPHY 

Professor  Butterwick 

s-12 — Psychology — One  hour  per  day.  Special  emphasis 
will  be  placed  upon  the  application  of  psychological  laws  to 
practical  life  and  the  implications  of  the  same  laws  to  school 
room  procedure.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

S-22 — Introduction  to  Philosophy — One  hour  per  day.  A 
study  of  representative  philosophical  writings.  Two  semester 
hours  credit. 

s-52 — Ethics — One  hour  per  day.  This  course  will  be  pri- 
marily constructive  and  critical,  and  historical  only  in  so  far  as 
its  constructive  purpose  demands.     Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-72 — Child  Psychology — One  hour  per  day.  This  course 
will  be  a  presentation  of  the  history  of  Child  Psychology,  the 
attending  theories  as  to  the  nature  of  the  Child  Mind,  and  the 
development  of  these  theories  into  the  modern  principles  of 
Child  Psychology.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

POLITICAL  SCIENCE 

Professor  Gingrich 

s-12 — Constitutional  Law — One  hour  per  day.  A  course 
designed  to  give  the  student  a  working  knowledge  of  the  funda- 
mental laws  of  Federal  and  State  Government.     The  course  is 


MT.  GRETNA  SUMMER  SCHOOL  19 

devoted  largely  to  the  study  of  leading  cases.    Offered  in  alter- 
nate years  beginning  in  1921.    Two  semester  hours  credit. 

s-22 — Political  Science — One  hour  per  day.  A  study  of 
various  theories  of  the  state  and  the  structure  and  province  of 
government.  Offered  In  alternate  years  beginning  in  1922.  Two 
semester  hours  credit. 

SOCIOLOGY 

Professor  Gingrich 

s-12 — Sociology — One  hour  per  day.  The  course  Is  intended 
to  give  the  student  an  understanding  of  the  various  theories  of 
society  together  with  the  place  of  Sociology  in  the  general  field 
of  learning.  Modern  social  problems  are  considered  at  length. 
Two  semester  hours  credit.