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Every quivering tongue of flame
Seems to murmur some great name,
Seems to say to me, " Aspire ! "
— Lonijfellow.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
BIOGRAPHICAL.
LAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE, second son of Ephraim L.
Blaine and Maria Gillespie, was born at Indian Hill Farm,
West Brownsville, Washington County, Pa., January 31,
1830. Descending from hardy, energetic Scotch-Irish an-
cestors, he inherited many of their characteristics. His great-grand-
father, Colonel Ephraim Blaine (1741-1804), was a personal and
trusted friend of Washington, an officer of Pennsylvania troops in the
Revolutionary War, and for several years (1778-83) commissary-
general of the northern department of his command. His ancestors
were among the founders of Carlisle, Pa., and from the Cumberland
Valley Mr. Elaine's father moved to Washington County in 1818,
having traveled in Europe and South America, and inheriting lands
in Western Pennsylvania, where he was a prothonotary.
James G. Blaine was educated in his native town and at a school
in Lancaster, Ohio, where he lived with a relative, Hon. Thomas
Ewiug, then Secretary of the Treasury. Afterward, with Thomas
Ewing, Jr., as a fellow-student, he began his preparation for college
under William Lyons, a brother of Lord Lyons, of England, and at the
age of thirteen entered Washington College, in his native county,
from which he was graduated in 1847, sharing with an associate the
highest honors in his class, and delivering the English salutatory and
an oration on " The Duty of the Educated American." He had a de-
cided taste for history, excelled in literature and mathematics, and,
it is said, could recite " Plutarch's Lives " when only nine years old.
In the college literary society he displayed the political capacity and
aptitude which marked his entire career. After graduation he be-
came a teacher for about three years in the Western Military Institute
at Blue Lick Springs, Ky., where he met Miss Harriet Stanwood, of
Maine, whom he soon married. Returning to his native State, he
began the study of law, and later became, for two years, a teacher in
the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind at Philadelphia, having
charge of the higher classes in science and literature.
In 1854 Mr. Blaiue removed to Augusta, Me., which city was ever
Z HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
afterward his home. He purchased a half interest in, and became
editor of, the Kennebec Journal, and speedily made his influence felt
through his ready faculty and trenchant writings. In three years he
was a recognized leader in the politics of the State. With character-
istic energy he engaged in the organization of the Republican party,
and in 1856 was sent as a delegate to the first Republican National
Convention, which nominated Fremont for President; and his report of
this convention, which he made in a speech before a public meeting on
his return home, established his reputation as a speaker and orator.
His earnest and incisive discussions of the conflict between freedom and
slavery were meanwhile attracting wide attention, and by assuming the
editorship of the Portland Advertiser in 1857, he materially broadened
his journalistic work, which, however, ended with the commencement
of his parliamentary career.
He was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1858, and was re-elected
three times in succession, serving the last two years as Speaker of
the House. In 1858 he also became chairman of the Republican
State Committee of Maine, which position he continued to hold unin-
terruptedly for twenty years; in this capacity he took the lead in shap-
ing and directing every Republican campaign in his State. At the
beginning of the War of the Rebellion he achieved distinction for his
parliamentary skill and also for his forensic power in public debates,
and warmly supported the cause of the Union. He was elected to
Congress in 1862, and served in the House or Senate altogether for
eighteen years — as a Representative from 1862 to 1876, and as Senator
from 1876 to 1880. Space forbids the mention of more than a few of
his important public acts. He vigorously supported all measures for
the prosecution of the war; sustained the draft bill, but opposed con-
scription; took a leading part in framing and securing the passage
of the best reconstruction measures; was the chief author and prin-
cipal supporter of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution, and
also of the famous " Elaine Amendment " to Mr. Stevens's recon-
struction bill; strenuously opposed a deteriorated silver coinage, favor-
ing a bimetallic currency; advocated the protection of American ship-
ping and the establishment, with a subsidy, of a steamship line be-
tween the United States and Brazil ; opposed the proposition to pay the
public debt in "greenbacks"; and was largely instrumental in intro-
ducing postal cars. In brief, his growth in position and influence was
both rapid and unbroken; from a single extended speech during his
first term he gradually took an active part in the discussions, and rose
to a mighty power as an effective debater. Bold in attack, quick in
repartee, apt in illustration, and a close student of political history, his
accurate knowledge and prodigious memory gave him great advan-
tages. He was Speaker of the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. -j
Mr. Elaine was the leading candidate for the Presidency at the Re-
publican National Convention in 1876, rising on the seventh ballot to
within twenty-eight votes of a majority. In 1880 he was again before
the convention, and a year later President Garfleld called him to the
chair of Secretary of State, from which he withdrew, however, soon
after Garfield's assassination, but not without having framed a foreign
policy for the administration. This policy embraced his famous reci-
procity measures between the United States and the countries of South
America.
Retiring from the State Department in December, 1881, Mr. Elaine
began the preparation of his monumental work, " Twenty Years in
Congress" (Norwich, Conn., 1884-86, two vols.), which " forms one of
the most important records of contemporaneous political history yet
written by any American statesman." In 1884 he was nominated by
the Republican National Convention at Chicago for President of the
United States, and in the ensuing election was defeated, the pivotal
State, New York, being lost to the Republicans by only 1,047 votes.
This defeat was a sore disappointment to Mr. Elaine and his friends.
He spent the year 1887-88 in Europe, and when President Harrison
assumed office in March, 1889, the latter made him Secretary of State,
which office he held until June 4, 1892, when he resigned. Three days
later his name was placed for the fifth time before the National Repub-
lican Convention as a candidate for the Presidency. His health failed
rapidly; bitter domestic sorrows had come upon him, including the
death of two sons; and, on January 27, 1893, he died in Washington,
D. C. He was then but a private citizen, yet President Harrison called
upon Congress and all in official life to do him special honor, and for
months the newspapers and magazines were filled with tributes,
anecdotes, personal notices, and other evidences of the eminence of the
great statesman, protectionist, patriot, and man.
Such in brief is the history of one of the chief founders of the Repub-
lican party — of one who led it to victory and along the path of honor
and usefulness, and of one who had no equal when he was at the zenith
of his public career. But it is not all. A complete sketch of his life
would fill a volume. In closing it may be stated that Mr. Elaine's
uniformly robust health was due largely to a careful regard to details
of hygiene and exercise, and to his temperate habits, for he never in:
dulged, it is said, in a drink of so-called " hard liquors " in his life. He
possessed a singular magnetism, which drew men to him, and which
was sufficient to electrify those who came in contact with his leader-
ship. In the words of his pastor : " The hold which he has maintained
upon the hearts of such great numbers of his countrymen is not suffi-
ciently explained by brilliant gifts or magnetism; the secret lies in his
generous, manly, Christian character."
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
LEAVES, HENRY BRADSTREET, of Portland, Governor of
Maine for two terms from 1893 to 1897, is descended from
Benjamin Cleaves, of Rowley, Mass., who removed to
Bridgton, Me. He is the son of Thomas and Sophia (Brad-
street) Cleaves, and was born in Bridgton, Cumberland County, Me.,
February 6, 1840.
Thomas Cleaves, a man of great energy and of the strictest integ-
rity, occupied an influential position in the community in which he
lived. His wife, Sophia, was the daughter of Daniel Bradstreet, who
in the early days of Bridgton came to that town from Rowley, Mass.
Thomas and Sophia (Bradstreet) Cleaves had five children: Robert
A., Nathan, Thomas P., Henry B., and Mary S., who married William
W. Mason. Nathan Cleaves was graduated from Bowdoin College
in 1858, and for nearly thirty years was an active and prominent law-
yer in Portland, where he died September 5, 1892. He was Judge of
Probate and Insolvency for several years, occupied other prominent
positions, and at the time of his death was the senior member of the
law firm of Nathan and Henry B. Cleaves.
Henry B. Cleaves received his education at the North Bridgton and
Lewiston Falls Academies, in Maine. In September, 1862, he enlist-
ed as a private in the Twenty-third Maine Regiment of Infantry under
the command of Colonel William Wirt Virgin, and was made Orderly
Sergeant of Company B. The regiment was recruited for nine
mouths' service, and was mustered put in July, 1863. He again en-
listed December 29, 1863, in the Thirtieth Maine Regiment for three
years, or during the war, under General Francis Fesseriden, and was
made First Lieutenant of Company F, serving, however, a part of the
time afterward as commander of Company E, whose officers had been
either killed or disabled in action. His regiment was assigned to the
Department of the Gulf, and under General Banks participated in the
battles of Red River, Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill, and Cane
River. In August, 1864, the regiment was attached to the Army of
the Potomac and transferred with Sheridan to the Shenandoah Val-
ley. After the surrender of Lee it was again sent to the Department
of the Gulf and stationed at Savannah, and finally mustered out Au-
gust 20, 1865. Mr. Cleaves participated in all the movements of the
regiment to which he was attached during his two terms of service,
and had the offer of a commission in the regular army, which he de-
clined.
After his discharge he returned to Bridgton, Me., and subsequently
entered as a student the law office of Howard & Cleaves, a firm com-
posed of Joseph Howard and Nathan Cleaves. He was admitted to
practice in the courts of Maine in September, 1868, and began prac-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 5
tice in Bath in partnership with Washington Gilbert. In 1869 he re-
moved to Portland, Me., where he became a partner in the firm of
Howard & Cleaves. His partners, who had been his instructors in the
law, with the best opportunities of discovering his ability, selected
him as an associate in the management of their large and lucrative
business. Judge Howard died in 1877, and afterward Mr. Cleaves
continued in business with his brother until the death of the latter in
1892, and since that time with Stephen C. Perry, who was admitted
to the firm on the death of Mr. Howard in 1877.
In 1876 and 1877 Mr. Cleaves was a Representative to the Legisla-
ture from Portland, and served as Chairman of the Judiciary Commit-
tee. In 1877 he was chosen City Solicitor of that city, and served two
years. In 1880 he was chosen Attorney-General and was afterward
twice re-elected, serving five consecutive years. The reputation he had
acquired in his private practice, and as Attorney-General in the trial
of about twenty murder cases and important tax suits against rail-
road companies, super-added to a patriotic war record by Avhich his
name became a familiar one among his army comrades, made him a
conspicuous candidate for further political promotion. In June,
1892, at the close of the second term of Hon. Edward Chick Burleigh
in the executive chair, he was nominated by acclamation as the Ke-
publican candidate for Governor, and chosen in September of that
year. In 1894 he was elected to a second term by nearly forty thou-
sand majority. Having once entered the political field, and having
met in that arena the highest expectations of his party, it is not too
much to expect that even among the many distinguished men, whose
long roll is an honor to the Pine Tree State, he may be selected for
further and still more honorable promotion.
Thoroughly identified with Maine and its people, it is not believed
that he will be allured beyond her borders as so many of his profes-
sional brethren before him have been. The bar of Massachusetts has
made large drafts on that of her sister State to sustain its reputation.
Peleg Sprague, Samuel Simmer Wilde, Simon Greenleaf, Henry W.
Paine, Peleg Whitman Chandler, Theophilus Parsons Chandler, Jona-
than Palmer Kogers, Henry Weld Fuller, Frederick Hunt Allen, and
others too numerous to mention, some of whom, to be sure, were na-
tives of Massachusetts, were all practitioners in Maine and removed
to Boston to add ability and strength to its already distinguished bar.
Bu1 the days of easy intercommunication and of telegraphs and tele-
phones have checked the process of centralization, which had long
been going on, and now ability in the law, wherever it may be found,
whether in Maine, or Massachusetts, or Illinois, or elsewhere, is rec-
ognized, and its service sought, in the more important causes with
6 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
which our courts have to deal, or which are to be settled by the un-
seen methods of office consultation. It can not be doubted that Mr.
Cleaves will remain in the field where he has won his spurs, and where
his ability and skill can not fail to reap their reward.
Aside from the occupation of his professional and political life,
Governor Cleaves is connected with various financial institutions, in
whose management his judgment and counsel has been eminently
beneficial. He is a Director in the Union Mutual Life Insurance
Company of Portland, the Portland National Bank, and the Burrell
National Bank of Ellsworth, and a Trustee in the Westbrook Trust
Company, of Westbrook.
On the retirement of Governor Cleaves from the executive chair in
January, 1897, he was presented by the members of his Council with
an elegant ivory gavel; by the officials of the State government with a
French clock of superior workmanship and great value; by his mili-
tary staff Avith a solid silver loving cup; and by the employees of the
State House with a Rogers group. All who participated in the cere-
monies expressed in warm terms the respect they entertained for him
personally, and the admiration they entertained of the manner in
which he had perforinel his executive duties. The Legislature joined
in expressing its approval of the administration of Governor Cleaves
by the passage of the following resolution on January 7, 1897:
" Voicing the sentiment of the people and press of Maine, the House
of Representatives desires to place on record its recognition of the dis-
tinguished services rendered by the retiring Governor; therefore,
"Resolved: That we extend to Hon. Henry B. Cleaves, who has
guided the Ship of State for four years, our recognition of his honor-
able service. Faithful to every trust, diligent in the performance of
all public duties, devoted to the interests of the whole State, he has
met every emergency and given to the people of Maine an upright,
honest, and dignified administration.
" He has been the Governor of all; the doors of the Executive Cham-
ber have always been open to every citizen of the State, and the hum-
blest has never been turned away without a patient and respectful
hearing.
" He retires from the high office he has so ably and faithfully filled
with the confidence, respect, and affection of the whole people."
The State Senate, on the same day, likewise expressed its approval
of his administration, as follows :
" Resolved: That in recognition of the services of Henry B. Cleaves
during the past four years, as Executive of our State, the Senate of
Maine tenders him, in behalf of the citizens of Maine, the sincere ap-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 9
courage of his convictions. During his administration many important
reforms were inaugurated, and many valuable and far-reaching laws
added to the statute books. Upon his recommendation, and largely
through his efforts, a State Board of Assessors was established; the
Australian system of voting adopted; a permanent muster field pur-
chased and equipped; the State pension appropriation increased; the
site for a new insane hospital secured at Bangor; the entire State debt,
running at six per cent., successfully refunded upon a three per cent,
basis at a premium of about $80,000 — an annual saving in the interest
account of nearly $72,000; the Department of Agriculture permanent-
ly established at the State House; a forestry commission created; the
rate of taxation reduced to the lowest figure in the history of the State;
and many other measures enacted whose wisdom time has vindicated,
and which were deservedly popular with the people of Maine. After
his retirement from the Governor's office, Mr. Burleigh devoted himself
to his land and timber interests, and the management of his news-
paper, the Kennebec Journal. He was not destined, however, to re-
main long in private life. Following the death of Hon. Seth L. Milli-
ken, the Representative in Congress from the Third Maine District,
Governor Burleigh was unanimously nominated by acclamation by
the Republicans of the district as his successor, and was elected by a
handsome plurality. He took his seat July 1, 1897. In 1898 he was
re-elected by an increased plurality as a member of the Fifty-sixth
Congress. His services during the Fifty-fifth Congress were marked
by the same high sense of duty, untiring industry, and devotion to the
interests of his constituents that have always been characteristic of
his public life. He served on the Committees on Public Buildings
and Grounds and on Militia. In 189(5 he was a delegate to the St.
Louis Convention which nominated President McKinley.
Governor Burleigh is one of the most popular men in Maine. He
has a magnetic and genial personality, which makes and retains
friends. He is now in the prime of his intellectual and physical
strength, known and honored by the entire people of the State, to
whose service he has devoted the best years of his life. Governor Bur-
leigh has been for a number of years the principal proprietor of the
Kenuebec Journal, the leading Republican paper of Maine, owned
formerly, and made famous, by Luther Severance, James G. Elaine,
John L. Stevens, and others. He is a Director of the Granite National
Bank of Augusta and a Trustee of the Augusta Safe Deposit and Trust
Company.
He was united in marriage. June 28, 1863, with Mary J., daughter
of Benjamin and Annie (Tyler) Either, of Linneus, Maine. Their
children are Clarence Blendon Burleigh, a graduate of Bowdoin Col-
1<> HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
lege, now State printer and editor of the Kennebec Journal; Carrie
Frances, wife of Dr. Eobert J. Martin, of Augusta; Vallie Mary, wife
of Joseph Williamson, Jr., an attorney of Augusta; Lewis Albert Bur-
leigh, a graduate of Bowdoin College and of the Harvard Law School,
the law partner of his brother-in-laAV, Mr. Williamson, and City Clerk
of Augusta; Lucy Emma, the wife of Hon. Byron Boyd, Secretary of
State; and Ethelyu Hope, who resides with her parents.
LLEX, AMOS LAWRENCE, of Alfred, Me., Private Secre-
tary to Thomas B. Reed during the six years of his Speak-
ership in the National House of Representatives and his
successor in the Fifty-sixth Congress, is the son of Amos
Allen and Eleanor Ridley, and was born in Waterborough, York
County, Me., on the 17th of March, 1837. His paternal grandparents
Avere Colonel Jotham Allen and Susan (larey, and, on the maternal
side, James Ridley and Eleanor Webber.
Mr. Allen received his education in the common schools, at Whites-
town Seminary in WThitestown, near T'tica, X. V., and at Bowdoin
College, Brunswick, Me., entering the sophomore class of the latter
institution in 1857 and graduating therefrom in 18(50, with member-
ship in the Phi Beta Kappa Society. He stood high in his studies
and gained distinction even before he left college for those broad in-
tellectual attainments which have always characterized his life, and
which have served him so well in professional anl public affairs. In
1861 he began the study of law with Appleton & Goodenow, of Alfred,
Me., and during the years 1864-05 he attended the Columbian Law
School in Washington, D. C. He was admitted to the bar of his na-
tive State in 1866 and at once entered upon the active practice of his
profession in Alfred, where he has ever since resided.
Mr. Allen soon came to the front and took a prominent part in poli-
tics, and as a Republican was called upon to fill many important posi-
tions of trust. He was Clerk in the Fifth Auditor's office of the
Treasury Department at Washington in 1864, 1865, 1866, 1869, and
1870, and in the latter year was elected Clerk of the Courts for York'
County, Me., assuming the duties of this office on the 1st of January,
1871. He was re-elected Clerk of the Courts in 1873 and again in 1876'
and 1879, serving in all twelve years and declining re-election. In
1882 and 1883 he was Clerk of the Judiciary Committee in the House
of Representatives at Washington, and in 1884 and 1885 he was Spe-
cial Examiner in the Pension Bureau for a district in Ohio and Massa-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
11
chusetts. He was elected in 1896 a Representative to the Maine Leg-
islature, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Temperance
and as a member of the Committee on Legal Affairs. In May, 1889,
he was appointed Special Agent by the Secretary of the Treasury to
enforce the Alien Contract Labor Law on the Canadian border, and in
December of the same year, upon the election of Hon. Thomas B. Reed
to the Speakership of the National House of Representatives, became
Mr. Reed's Private Secretary and served in that capacity during the
six years which ended in March, 1899, that Mr. Reed was Speaker.
On the resignation of Speaker Reed, September 4, 1899, he was nomi-
nated by acclamation as Mr. Reed's successor, and elected to the
Fifty-sixth Congress, November 6, 1899, to fill the vacancy, by a
majority over Luther F. McKinney, Democrat, of 4,635. Mr. Allen has
also served with ability and distinction as a member of the Republican
County Committee of York County and of the Republican State Com-
mittee of Maine, and Avas Delegate-at-large from Maine to the Repub-
lican Convention at St. Louis in 1896. He has always been actively in-
terested in the success of the Republican party, prominent and influen-
tial in its councils, and for many years an acknowledged leader in his
native State. His varied experiences in party affairs, his sound judg-
ment and sagacity, his great energy and perseverance, particularly fit
him for high positions of trust and honor. He has discharged every
duty with credit and satisfaction, and is known throughout the State
as a man of great strength of character and as a trustworthy leader.
He is a member of the Psi Upsilon Society of Rowdoin College and of
the Masonic fraternity, and is thoroughly identified with the affairs of
his State.
In 1860 Mr. Allen was married at Durham. N. H., to Esther Maddox,
of Waterborough, Me. Their children are Herbert L. Allen, Super-
intendent of Schools at Dalton, Mass.; Laura E. Allen; and Edwin H.
Allen, a physician at 37 Hancock Street, Boston.
MITII, HILLMAN, Warden of the Maine State Prison at
Thomaston, is the son of John L. and Harriet (Footman)
Smith, and was born in Hampden, Penobscot County, Me.,
April 4, 1835. He is descended from a long line of promi-
nent Irish and English ancestors who came to this country during the
Colonial period. Mr. Smith spent his early life on a farm, where he ac-
quired a sound, rugged constitution and habits of thrift and industry
which have served him well throughout his career. He was educated
12
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
in the common schools of his native town, at Hampden Academy, and
at Bucksport (Me.) Seminary, and at intervals while studying at
these institutions taught school several terms. After leaving the
seminary he was for eight years engaged in the grocery business and
for three years in the wholesale and retail ice business. On the 28th
of August, 1801, at the age of twenty-six, he enlisted for service in the
Union army. On the Tth of the following September he was com-
missioned Second Lieuten-
ant of Company K, Eighth
Maine Kegiment. He was
twice promoted, and on Oc-
tober 16, 1864, was mus-
tered out as Captain of his
company by reason of the
expiration of his term of ser-
vice.
As a resident of Lewiston,
Me., from 1870 to 1883, Mr.
Smith served on the School
Board, as a member of the
City Council, and from 1879
to January, 1883, as City
Marshal.
ties he
political ability and gained
a wide acquaintance. In the
fall of 1882 he was elected
Sheriff of Androscoggin
County. On January 1,
1883, he removed to Au-
burn, the county seat, where
he resided for many years.
He served with great ability
and satisfaction as Sheriff and Jailor from January, 1883, to January,
1889, and afterward was for four years a member of the Auburn
School Board, a member of both branches of the city government, and
a member of the Auburn Board of Water Commissioners. In March,
1894, he was elected Mayor of Auburn, and held that office by re-
elections two terms, or until March, 1890. On the 20th of November,
1896, Governor Cleaves appointed him AVarden of the Maine State
Prison at Thomaston for a term of four years, and he assumed the
duties of that office on the 1st of December of that year.
In the various positions of trust to which he has been called Mr.
In these capaci-
developed great
HILLMAN SMITH.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 13
Smith has discharged his duties with great skill and faithfulness.
He is a prominent Kepublican, a man of energy, patriotism, and pub-
lic spirit, deeply interested in the welfare of his party and State, and
prominently identified with public affairs. As Warden of the Maine
State Prison at Thomaston he has shown himself to be the right man
for this important office.
Mr. Smith was married August 28, 1862, to Sarah J. Perry, of
Augusta, Me. They have two children living : Dr. Addison R. Smith,
a well known physician of Rockland, Me., and Mrs. Bessie (Smith)
Little, of Auburn.
ANE, SAMUEL AVORCESTER, a prominent citizen and for-
merly and at present Mayor of Augusta, Me., is the young-
est of a family of nine children of Urial and Susan S. Lane,
and a lineal descendant on both sides of early Colonial an-
cestors. The family settled in New Hampshire, whence they removed
to the Pine Tree State. His grandparents, Daniel Lane and Silene
Crain, were married June 10, 1773. His father was a prominent archi-
icct, builder, and contractor, and died when Samuel was but a boy.
Samuel W. Lane was born in Frankfort, Waldo County, Me., April
22, 1838. Soon after the death of his father the family moved to
Hampden, Penobscot County, and there he spent his early life. To his
mother, a woman whose devout piety ennobled and sweetened a
character of great force and energy, he owed his training and guid-
ance, and has always attributed every worthy attainment of his life
to her influence. The common schools, the Hampden and East Corinth
Academies, and his mother's early and conscientious training pro-
vided Mr. Lane with the educational advantages with which he began
the active duties of life. While pursuing his studies he also worked
on the farm and at shoemaking to pay his expenses. At the age of
seventeen he began teaching winter terms of school. He was very
studious by nature, fond of books, and devoted all his spare time to
reading and study, and in this way soon acquired a large general
knowledge. Deciding upon the law as his life work, he took the usual
course of legal studies, and in April, 1859, was admitted to the bar in
Penobscot County. Subsequently he concluded to take a college
course, and with that end in view reviewed his preparatory studies.
He also began the practice of his profession in Hampden, where he
pursued his academical course. He was almost ready and intending
to enter Bowdoin College in 1801 Avhen the stirring events incident
to the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion roused his patriotism, and
14- HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
instead of going to college lie went to the war. He enlisted as a pri-
vate in the First Maine Cavalry, spent the winter of 1861-62 in a tent
on the State Capitol grounds in Augusta, Me., and there, as a result of
the exposure, contracted a disability which was followed by his dis-
charge in March, 1862. A few weeks at home, however, revived his
old vigor, and with it the resolve to march under his country's flag.
Enlisting again, this time in the Eleventh Maine Infantry, he was
promoted by regular gradations from the ranks to a Captaincy, and
served in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and in
the Department of the Gulf. During nearly three years of constant
duty he was never absent from his regiment except upon detached
service until he was sent home to be discharged. While at Pensacola
he was stricken with the fever, which caused the Medical Director to
hasten him home, and at Augusta the best surgeons pronounced him
a physical wreck. He was discharged from the service in November,
1864, but a hardy constitution soon put him upon his feet again, and
in February, 1865, he became an assistant in the Provost Marshal's
office at Augusta, Me., where he remained until that office was abol-
ished.
The very next day, on May 1, 1865, Mr. Lane opened a law office in
Augusta, which was burned in the great fire of September of that
year. From that time to the present he has successfully continued
the practice of his profession in Augusta.
In addition to his law practice, Mr. Lane identified himself with the
publishing business, and for three years (1869-72) acted as Editor of
Our Young Folks, an illustrated paper published by E. C. Allen & Co.,
of Augusta. In 1878 he became Editor-in-Chief of all the publications
issued by that house, and retained that position with the E. C. Allen
Publishing Company until the house discontinued business in 1894,
and after the death of Mr. Allen, which occurred in 1892. In 1894 he
purchased the entire business, which has been incorporated as Lane's
List, and he is still connected with the publications as President of
the corporation.
Identifying himself with the Republican party immediately upon
attaining his majority, and casting his first Presidential vote for
Abraham Lincoln in 1860, Mr. Lane has continuously been an active
and influential factor in the party in Maine, and throughout the State
is recognized as one of its ablest and most trustworthy leaders. His
entrance into public life was the natural result of his earnest and
useful activity in public affairs. He was elected a member of the City
Council of Augusta in March, 1866, a member of the School Board in
1867, 1868, and 1869, and served as City Auditor of Augusta in 1866,
1867, 1869 to 1873, 1876, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1895. 1896, 1897. and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 15
1898. He was also City Treasurer and Collector in 1876, 1877, and
1878, a member of the Board of Aldermen in 1883, 1884, and 1885,
and Mayor of the city in 1889, 1890, and 1899-1900. He was elected
Assistant Secretary of the State Senate in 18G8-G9, Secretary of the
State Senate in 1870 and during the nine years following, and a Repre-
sentative from Augusta to the Legislature from 1893 to 1897.
In each of these capacities Mr. Lane displayed executive ability of
the highest order, and gained for himself an eminent and honorable
reputation, which extends throughout his native State. He is a man
of great force of character, prompt and thorough in the discharge of
every duty, active and influential in promoting every worthy object,
and possessed of all those qualities which distinguish the successful
man of affairs. One of his noteworthy acts as Mayor of Augusta was
his suggestion and instigation of replacing the old wooden bridge over
the Kenuebec River with a modern iron structure. His views in re-
gard to this much-needed improvement were acted upon by the City
Council, and in less than a year the present iron bridge was open for
public travel. In the Legislature he was ever faithful and zealous
in guarding the interests of his constituents, as well as the State at
large, and both on the floor and in committee rendered efficient serv-
ice and distinguished himself as an able legislator.
Mr. Lane is also connected with the publishing firm of W. H. Gan-
nett, incorporated, and is a prominent member of the Military Order
of the Loyal Legion. He has long been a zealous and active Mason,
having taken all the York Rite degrees and all the Scottish degrees
to and including the 32d. In the Masonic fraternity he has held many
important official positions in the different bodies, serving as chief
officer in the Lodge, Chapter, Council, and Commandery. He was
Master of the Lodge two terms, High Priest of the Chapter four terms,
Commander of the Knight Templars Commandery for two years, and
Thrice Illustrious .Master of the Council, lie has also taken all of the
degrees in Odd Fellowship, has served as Noble Grand and Chief
Patriarch in that fraternity, and is a member of the Society of the
Army of the Potomac, of the Maine Press Association, of the Abanaki
Club, and of St. Mark's Episcopal Church of Augusta.
From the inception of the Grand Army of the Republic, Captain
Lane has been one of the most prominent and conspicuous figures in
the State. He was a charter member of the first Grand Army Post
established in Augusta, was later chosen Commander of Seth Will-
iams Post in that city, and while serving as such organized the Seth
Williams Woman's Relief Corps and founded a fund of several thou-
sand dollars for the relief of families, widows, and orphans of poor
and disabled soldiers. He Avas for several successive years the repre-
16 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
sentative in the Department of Maine to the National Encampment
of the G. A. R., and in 1886 was unanimously elected Department
Commander of Maine.
Mr. Lane was married October 9, 1865, at Augusta, Me., to L'Nora
Florentine Perry, daughter of Captain George W. Perry, a retired sea
captain of Augusta. They have no children.
EIGH, THOMAS, one of the leading lawyers of Augusta, Me.,
is descended from English ancestors who settled in the
Pine Tree State during the Colonial period. He is the son
of Thomas and Elizabeth (Paine) Leigh, and was born Oc-
tober 17, 1862, in Hallowell, Me., where his father was for many years
a prominent coal, grain, and flour merchant and citizen. There he
received his preparatory education, attending first the public schools
and subsequently Hallowell Classical Institute, from which he was
graduated. He was graduated from Dartmouth College with honor
in the class of 1885.
He studied law in the office of the late Judge Samuel Titcomb, of
Augusta, and was admitted to the bar of Kennebec County in 1888.
In the same year he formed a law partnership with Charles W. Jones,
which continued until 1892. Since then Mr. Leigh has practiced
alone. He soon gained a high reputation as a lawyer as well as a
large and lucrative clientage, and from the first has been eminently
successful in the practice of his profession.
Mr. Leigh was City Solicitor of Hallowell in 1893 and 1894, and in
1896 was elected City Solicitor of Augusta, to which office he was re-
elected for four successive terms. While City Solicitor of Hallowell
he had charge of the revision and codification of the city laws and
ordinances, and during his service in the same capacity in Augusta
has successfully conducted many important cases, displaying broad
and accurate knowledge of the law, great legal ability, unusually
sound judgment, and, in brief, all the qualifications which make the
eminent lawyer. He has always enjoyed the confidence of the citizens
of both Hallowell and Augusta, and his advice and counsel have been
sought by the leading business men and corporations in those cities.
He is highly respected by all with whom he has had professional or
social relations.
Mr. Leigh has been actively interested in politics since he attained
his majority. During the National campaign of 1896 he did yeoman
service for the Republicans on the stump in Maine, Connecticut, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 17
New York, speaking in each of those States under the auspices of the
National Republican Committee. His prominence in political circles,
his activity and influence in the affairs of the Republican party, and
the confidence and respect in which he is held by all who know him
stamp him as a man of wide popularity, and as one whose political
career is by no means ended, but promises to be unusually bright and
conspicuous.
He is a member of Abnaki Club, a social organization of Augusta,
and also a prominent member of Bethlehem Lodge, F. and A. M., of
Cushnoc Chapter, R. A. M., of Alpha Council, R. and S. M., and of
Trinity Commandery, K. T.
TACKPOLE, WILLIAM, Postmaster of Saco, Me., and a lead-
ing Republican in that section of the Pine Tree State, is
the son of William Stackpole and Rosanna R. Stackpole,
his wife. His paternal ancestors were Scotch, while those
on his mother's side were of English descent. He was born in Bidde-
ford, Me., on the 1st of October, 1850, and received his education in the
schools of his native town. After graduating he attended Spear &
Sawyer's Mercantile College and subsequently learned the trade of
molder in the machine works of Davis & Furber, at North Andover,
Mass.
Removing to Saco, Me., Mr. Stackpole engaged in the fancy goods
business and for seven years conducted a prosperous trade. He fin-
ally disposed of that business, however, to accept the appointment by
President Harrison as Postmaster of Saco, which position he held
until the end of that term. He was removed under Cleveland, but in
advance of the advent of the McKinley administration his friends and
the citizens of Saco generally advocated his re-appointment to the
same position as a tribute to his efficiency during his former service.
He was re-appointed Postmaster by President McKinley in June, 1898,
and is now discharging the duties of that office with characteristic
ability.
Mr. Stackpole has alwaj^s been a leading worker in the interests of
the Republican party, active and influential in its councils, and for
many years one of its ablest and best known leaders in his part of the
State. He served the City of Saco in the Common Council and on the
Board of Aldermen for several years, and for a number of years has
also been Chairman of the School Board. He has been a valued mem-
ber of the Republican City Committee of Saco, and in these and other
18 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
capacities has rendered efficient service to his party and community.
Mr. Stackpole is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Odd
Fellows, and has held all the official positions in the latter body.
He was married in Saco, Me., September 30, 1874, to Lizzie A.
Thompson. They have had three children: Fred EL, William H., and
Grace I. The latter died in infancy. The youngest son, William H.,
is Assistant Postmaster under his father.
LAKK, ELISHA EDWIN, of Biddeford, Me., is the son of
Elisha S. and Elizabeth G. Clark, both deceased. He was
born August 15, 1844, in Effiugham, N. H., but when he
was six months old his parents moved to Limerick, Me.
His ancestry is Scotch on both sides. Elisha H. Clark, his father, was
a native of Limerick, a prominent farmer, and universally respected
for those sturdy qualities which characterize the typical New Eng-
lander.
Mr. Clark attended the public schools of Limerick, and resided
there until the time of his enlistment in the volunteer service of the
United States at the age of seventeen. He was a student at Limerick
Academy when the first call for troops was issued by President Lin-
coln. Enlisting as a private in 1801 in the Twenty-seventh Maine In-
fantry, he went to the front, re-enlisted, at the close of his first term
of service, in the Second Maine Cavalry, and served in the Army of
the Potomac and under General Banks in the Department of the Gulf
till September, 1864, when, at Marianna Creek, Fla., he was severely
wounded and fell into the hands of the Confederates. He was im-
prisoned at Andersonville and paroled at the Big Black River, near
Vicksburg, May 1, 1865, being mustered out of service in July follow-
ing, under the general order relating to prisoners of war. Notwith-
standing his extreme youth, he rendered distinguished service and
was rapidly promoted till he reached the grade of First Sergeant of
his troop of the Second Maine Cavalry, and had been recommended
for promotion to a Lieutenancy when he was wounded. During the
mad charge through the town of Mariauna under General Ashboth he
received five bullet wounds, but continued till his horse was shot dead
and fell upon him. He was placed in a field hospital by the Con-
federates and taken thence to Andersonville prison, where he was
confined seven mouths.
In 1866 Mr. Clark settled in Biddeford, Me., where he has since re-
sided, and where he was a clerk in a store for seven years. He was
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
19
successfully engaged in the dry goods business from the end of that
period until 1882, when he sold out. Mr. Clark has always been a Re-
publican of the stalwart type and always prominent in the councils of
the party. He was elected an Alderman in 1880, and in 1881 became
Mayor of Biddeford, being re-elected in 1882. He was appointed
Postmaster in 1889, and served for four years until the change in the
ELISHA E. CLARK.
administration. During Mr. Clark's term of office the free delivery
system was inaugurated and many improvements made in the serv-
ice. His administration was so eminently satisfactory to the patrons
of the office that his indorsements for re-appointment in November,
1897, were almost unanimous. His backing was probably the
strongest ever presented by any candidate for the Postmastership in
Biddeford.
20 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
As a result of his war service Mr. Clark carries two rebel bullets in
his body, which at times cause him much trouble. He is one of the
most popular men in the City of Biddeford, is a distinguished Mason,
a prominent member of the Odd Fellows, and a member of the
Knights of Pythias and of the Grand Army of the Republic. He was
married October 20, 1868, to Marcia A. Chadbourne.
OSES, CHAELES MALCOLM, of Saco, Me., Collector of the
Port of Portland and Falmouth, is the son of Abram Moses,
a prominent farmer, and Mary A. Foss, his wife. He was
born August 25, 1851, in Limerick, Me., but received his
education in the public schools of Biddeford and at the Portland Busi-
ness College, both in his native State.
Mr. Moses first entered, as a clerk, a hardware store in Biddeford,
and subsequently the machine shop of the Saco Water Power Com-
pany, where he remained twenty-eight years, rising step by step from
an apprentice to Paymaster. During this period he gained a broad,
practical experience in the machine business as well as the entire con-
fidence and respect of all with whom he came in contact.
At the same time, Mr. Moses took an active interest in public affairs,
displayed great political sagacity and a lively regard for the welfare
of his city, and became a trustworthy leader whom his fellowmen de-
lighted to honor. A stanch Republican ever since he cast his first vote,
he has always been prominent in the party and thoroughly identified
with his county and State.
While a resident of Biddeford he was elected Mayor of that city in
1878 and again in 1880, serving with acknowledged ability and satis-
faction. In 1888 he was chosen a member of the Republican State
Central Committee for York County. In 1898 he was appointed by
President McKinley United States Appraiser at the Portland and Fal-
mouth Custom House, and Collector of the Port on December 21 of
that year, which latter position he still holds. He resides in Saco.
Mr. Moses is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, a mem-
ber of the Knights of Pythias and Past Grand Chancellor of the Grand
Council of the State of Maine, and a member of the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows and of the Improved Order of Red Men.
He was married in Saco, Me., January 17, 1872, to Lilla J. Deering,
daughter of William H. Deering, of that place. They have one daugh-
ter, Catharine Moses.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
21
ORRILL, JUSTIN SMITH, M.A., LL.D., of Vermont, was born
in that State, at Stratford, April 14, 1810, the son of Nathan-
iel Morrill and Mary Hunt. He received a common school
and an academic education, and at the age of fifteen became
a clerk in a country store. Three years later he went to Portland,
Maine, to enter the employ of a West India merchant, and subsequently
a wholesale and retail drygoods store, but in 1831 returned to his native
town and formed a partnership with Jedediah Harris, then the leading
merchant in that section. This association continued until Mr. Har-
ris's death in 1855.
Mr. Morrill devoted, during this period, increasing attention to both
financial and agricultural affairs, and for many years was a director
of the Orange County Bank, of Chelsea, Vt. He was once elected a
justice of the peace, but did not qualify, having no desire for political
honors. He did, however, take an active part
in political discussions, throwing his sym-
pathies in favor of the Whig party, and ac-
quired a considerable reputation as a man of
sound judgment and great native ability. His
studious disposition and earnest endeavor to
supplement the deficiencies of a meager edu-
cation led him to read books treating a large
variety of subjects. It is said that he even
mastered Blackstone's Commentaries while
working as a clerk. At any rate, he was a life-
long student, and, possessing a singularly re-
tentive memory and wonderful intellectual capacity, became one of the
best equipped men in Vermont, and when Congressman Andrew Tracy,
of Woodstock, declined a renomination in 1854, Mr. Morrill, much to his
surprise, was brought forward as his successor, being unanimously
nominated. Elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, he took his seat De-
cember 3, 1855, and, although the candidate of the anti-slavery or " con-
science " Whigs, acted in Congress with the Republicans, of which
party he was a founder on the dissolution of the old Whig organiza-
tion. He continued to serve in the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-
seventh, Thirty-eighth, and Thirty-ninth Congresses with steadily in-
creasing influence among his colleagues and to the satisfaction of his
constituents, and during these six terms was a member or chairman of
the Committee on Ways and Means and other important committees. A
strong advocate of protection, he voted against the tariff bill of 1857,
a iid, in a speech which attracted wide attention, said the measure was
defective in that it afforded insufficient protection to agricultural in-
JUSTIN S. MORRILL.
22 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
terests. In 1858 he introduced and secured the passage of the first bill
directed against the polygamous practices of the Mormons in Utah, and
another, known as the Land-grant College Bill, providing for the grant-
ing of public lands for the founding of agricultural, scientific, and
industrial colleges in newly-settled sections of the country. This latter
bill passed both Houses, was vetoed by President Buchanan, passed
again in 1862, and became a law under President Lincoln, and under
its provisions more than five hundred colleges have been established in
the United States. A later act presented and carried through by Mr.
Morrill greatly enhanced its usefulness.
Congressman Morrill was one of the most conspicuous men on the
floor of the House during the trying days preceding the war. His in-
fluence was felt in shaping legislation, in pressing important measures
to a successful issue, and in soothing and guiding the turbulent spirits
which threatened the safety of the National Government, and among
lii« many notable speeches was one especially aimed against the admis-
sion of Kansas as a State under the Pro-slavery Lecompton Constitu-
tion. During the war period he had charge of all tariff and tax bills
and other measures for raising revenue, and was the author and the
principal framer of the so-called Morrill Tariff Bill of 1861, which, with
frequent amendments, remained a law until the enactment of the
McKinley Bill by the Fifty-first Congress, and which was the first
measure of its kind changing ad valorem largely to specific duties.
In 1867 Mr. Morrill was elected United States Senator by the Ver-
mont Legislature to succeed Hon. Luke P. Poland, and, taking his seat
March 4, 1867, was five times re-elected to succeed himself, serving
continuously until his death. During his senatorial career he was
chairman of the committees on Finance and Public Buildings and
Grounds, and a member of those on Education, Labor, Census. Revo-
'utionary Claims, and others, including the Select Committee on addi-
tional accommodations for the Library of Congress. His services in the
National House and Senate, which covered a continuous period of forty-
three years — longer than those of any other man in the history of our
Congress — were notable for unfailing patriotism, for devotion to the
interests of the entire country as well as Vermont, and for the influence
and reverence which he commanded. He made many important
speeches, wielded a powerful hand in shaping legislation for nearly
two generations, and was a stanch friend of temperance and education,
especially in his native State, where he served for many years as a
trustee of the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.
He personally designed his ele°nnt Gothic residence at Strafford, Vt.,
was a generous contributor to the newspapers and magazines, and wras
the author of a volume entitled " The Self-Consciousness of Noted Per-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 23
sons," a collection of self-appreciating1 expressions by distinguished
people, published at Boston in 1886. From 1880 until his death he was
a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He received the degree of
M.A. from Dartmouth College in 1857, and the degrees of LL.D. from
the University of Vermont and State Agricultural College in 1874 and
the University of Pennsylvania in 1884. He died, universally respected
and revered, at Washington, D. C., December 28, 1898.
In 1857 Senator Morrill married Ruth, daughter of Dr. Caleb Swan,
of Easton, Mass. They had one son, James Swan Morrill.
OBINSON, FRANK W., was born November 27, 1858, in
Portland, Me., where he still resides. He is the sou of
Franklin and Martha A. (Stevens) Robinson, and is de-
scended from Colonial ancestors on both sides. His father
is the son of Captain Woodbury Robinson, mariner, whose father was
Samuel Robinson, who served as a private and Drum-Major in the
Revolutionary War, and whose grandfather, John Robinson, served as
Sergeant in the same company. Captain Woodbury's wife was
Louisa A. Tolford, who with her brothers is well remembered in the
retail dry goods circles of Portland. Mr. Robinson's mother was the
daughter of the late Eben C. and Eunice Stevens. Eben C. Stevens
was for many years a merchant tailor on Middle Street in Portland, a
member of the city government, and one of the School Committee.
He was a descendant of William Stevens, who came to this country
in 1G32, having previously built many ships in England. William
Stevens settled in Gloucester, Cape Ann, Mass. He was a very able
man of the Puritan stamp, held several important positions in church
and town affairs, and was a member of the General Court in 16(55.
He was reduced to poverty on account of his resistance to the pro-
ceedings of the commissioners sent over by George III. It was a
grave offense in those days to speak against rulers, but he would
speak his sentiments, and was severely punished for so doing. Frank
W. Robinson's maternal grandmother was Eunice Stevens, who was
born in what is now called the Woodford's house at Woodford's Cor-
ner, then a part of Westbrook, Me. It was built by Mrs. Stevens's
grandfather, Benjamin Stevens, the progenitor of the Stevens family
of Woodford's and Stevens Plains. Both Benjamin and his son,
Joshua Stevens, served in the Revolutionary War.
Frank W. Robinson attended the public schools in Portland and in
Denver, Col., and was graduated from the Portland High School in
24: HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
1873. Among his classmates were Lieutenant Peary, the noted Arctic
explorer; Dr. Charles D. Smith, member of the Maine State Board of
Health; Dr. William Stephenson, U. S. A.; and Kev. Charles B. Elder,
Josiah H. Drummond. Jr., and William H. Looney, Esq.
Choosing the legal profession, Mr. Eobinson was graduated from
the Harvard Law School in 1875, with the degree of LL.B., and was
admitted to the bar at Portland October 12, 1875. He at once began
the practice of law in Portland and for several years has been a mem-
ber of the well known law firm of Libby, Eobinson & Turner. In 1877
he was appointed Assistant County Attorney to succeed the late
Moses M. Butler upon the latter's election as Mayor of Portland. In
1889 he was elected County Attorney of Cumberland County, and held
that office during the customary two terms. He was appointed Judge
of the Municipal Court of Portland in 1895. This office he was hold-
ing when he was nominated for Mayor of Greater Portland. His
election as the first Mayor of Greater Portland showed his marked
popularity in the city of his birth. In no sense a politician, and hav-
ing never served in the city government except as a member of the
Police Examining Board, his natural fitness for the office as chief
magistrate was voiced by the Kepublican voters at the caucuses, the
vote by wards being almost unanimous. This choice was ratified by
an overwhelming majority at the polls, the vote being the largest ever
cast for a mayor in Portland.
Mayor Kobinson was one of the original members of the Portland
High School Cadets, a celebrated military organization which was
afterward merged into the Portland Cadets, and as Captain of the lat-
ter company he succeeded Captain John Anderson. He is a member
of all the York Rites in the Masonic bodies, a member of the Odd Fel-
lows, one of the Trustees of the Greenleaf Law Library, and a member
of the Cumberland Club.
He was married in 1877 to Miss Ida F. Wheeler, daughter of the late
Elisha Wheeler, and has one daughter, Beatrice W. Robinson. He
has had two brothers, Eben S. Robinson, who died in 1893, and George
R. Robinson, now living in Portland.
EWTETT, JAMES HENRY HOBBS, a leading lawyer of
Thomaston, Me., President of the Thouiaston Board of
Trade, and brevetted Major of Volunteers for gallant and
meritorious service in the Civil War, is the son of John
Hewett, a prominent teacher and house joiner, and of Esther Wood
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 25
(Brown) Hewett, his wife. His paternal grandfather, William Orrit
Hewett, canie from England to this country in 1775, served as a Ser-
geant in Burgoyne's army in the American Revolution, deserted, and
at once enlisted with the New Hampshire troops. His sympathies
with the patriot cause which led him to desert the English and cast
his fortunes with Washington and others also led him to serve
continuously and with marked distinction in the American army
until the end of the Revolutionary War. After his desertion he never
had any communication with his relatives in England, hence all trace
of his ancestry is lost. He married Sarah King, of New Ipswich, N.
H., and became an original settler of the Town of Hope, Me., where
he died. On the maternal side James H. H. Hewett, the subject of
this article, is a grandson of William Brown, who moved with his
family from Rhode Island to Hope, Me., about 1810.
Mr. Hewett was born in Hope, Waldo (now Knox) County, Me.,
February 1G, 1836. He attended the country schools until sixteen
years of age, and subsequently fitted for college at the Maine Wes-
leyan and Westbrook Seminaries and at North Yarmouth Academy.
He completed his studies at Bowdoin College in the class of 1860,
working at the joiner's trade and teaching school a part of each year
to earn the means of paying his expenses.
Leaving college at the end of his junior year (1859), Mr. Hewett
went to Kentucky, where he was engaged in teaching school for two
years. He was teaching in Coviugton Institute when the War of the
Rebellion broke out, and also studying law with Judge W. H. Hayes,
of Springfield, Ky. In July, 1861, he went to Brownville, Neb., and
continued his legal studies with his brother, Judge O. B. Hewitt, until
lie was admitted to the bar of that territory in June, 1862. He then re-
turned to his native State and on August 13, 1862, enlisted as a
private in the Eighth Regiment Maine Volunteers, joining his regi-
ment at Beaufort, S. C. He was successively promoted to be Quarter-
master-Sergeant and Second Lieutenant of Company E, First Lieu-
tenant and Adjutant, and Captain of Company D, Eighth Regiment,
and was honorably discharged from the service June 6, 1865, for dis-
ability from a wound received in action. He was shot through the
left thigh and severely wounded while acting as Assistant Inspector-
General of the brigade and in rallying the Eighty-ninth Regiment
New York Volunteers at the battle of Rice Station, Va., April 6, 1865.
He was commissioned by the President as Major of United States
Volunteers by brevet May 30, 1867, to date from March 13, 1865, " for
gallant and meritorious conduct during the war."
Major Hewett returned to Maine at the close of the Rebellion and
settled in Thomaston, where he has since resided and successfully
26 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
practiced his profession. He lias held for many years a prominent
place at the bar of Knox County, and is universally esteemed as a
man of ability, integrity, and honor. He has also filled a number of
important official positions. A stanch and enthusiastic Republican,
he has for many years taken an active interest in the party and is
justly esteemed as one of its ablest local leaders. Major Hewett
served as Deputy Collector of Customs at Thoinaston from 1869 to
1887, as County Attorney of Knox County from 1887 to 1891, and for
several years as Chairman of the Republican Town Committee of
Thomastou and as a member of the State and County Republican
Committees. He is now and has been for several years President of
the Thomaston Board of Trade. He is a member of Orient Lodge, F.
and A. M., of Henry Knox Chapter, R. A. M., of the Maine Command-
ery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and of P. Henry Tillson
Post, Grand Army of the Republic.
August 23, 1802, at Bath, Me., Major Hewett married Susan L.
Hawkes, of Thomastou. They have four children : John, Fred Mor-
ris, Mabel Esther, and James Henry Hewett.
AX LEY, JOSEPH HOMAX, member of the Republican Xa-
tioual Committee since August, 1892, Secretary of that
body, and Chairman of the Executive Committee in 1894, is
one of the best known political leaders in the United States,
and a descendant of sturdy Xew England stock, prominent in civil and
public life since colonial days. He was born in Augusta, Me., Oc-
tober 13, 1842, and is a son of James Sullivan Mauley, a native of
Vermont, who came with his parents to Maine in 1819. James S.
Mauley became widely known as one of the publishers of the Gospel
Banner, and was also one of the proprietors of the Maine l-'anner. He
died December 9, 18G1. His wife, Caroline Sewall, was a daughter of
Charles Sewall, and granddaughter of General Henry Sewall, one of
the heroes of the Revolution and a member of one of the oldest Puri-
tan families in New England.
When a mere youth, Joseph H. Manley was affected with a severe
illness, from the effects of which he has never fully recovered. This
interfered with his early educational training, but he attended the
public schools at times, and in 1853 became a student in the famous
" Little Blue School " for boys, which was founded by Jacob Abbott
at Framingham, Me. He remained in this excellent institution for
four years, but was forced by ill-health to abandon a collegiate course.
28 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
energy, or is wanting in the art of strategy. There is no more
thorough-going and earnest Republican in the party in this country
than Mr. Manley. As a political strategist he has few superiors in this
Nation, certainly none in his State. He was a very firm friend of Mr.
Blaine for years, and, therefore, through close political association
with this great leader, he learned much of the art of politics. Mr.
Manley is in the full prime of physical and mental activity. He pos-
sesses many of the attractive qualities and attributes of his late chief,
and has a personal acquaintance and popularity which extends
throughout the Union. He has large financial and business interests
in Maine, and lias done much to further the development of the
natural resources of the State. In 1881 he was elected a Trustee of the
Augusta Savings Bank, and in 1897 its President. This bank has
deposits aggregating seven million dollars. He is also a Director in
the Edwards Manufacturing Company and the First National Bank;
Treasurer of the Augusta WaterCompany and of the Augusta Electric-
Light and Power Company; a Director of the Maine Central Eailroad,
the Portland and Rochester Eailroad, the Knox and Lincoln Eailroad,
and the Portland and Mount Desert Steamboat Company; and largely
identified with the city's progress.
In 1866 Mr. Manley married Susan M., daughter of the late Gov-
ernor Samuel Cony, one of the Eepublican leaders and prominent in
the business development of Maine. Mrs. Manley died February 11,
1896, leaving four children — Samuel Cony Manley, who is prominently
connected with the Maine Central Eailroad; Lucy C., wife of Chase
Mellon, attorney-at-law of New York City; and Harriet and Sydney
Sewall Manley.
OYD, BYEON, of Augusta, Secretary of State since January
5, 1897, and one of the foremost Eepublicans of Maine, was
born on the 31st of August, 1864. He is the son of Dr.
Bobert and Eliza Jane (Savage) Boyd, his father being a
well known physician.
Mr. Boyd received his preparatory education at Houlton Academy,
and subsequently entered Colby University at Waterville, Me., where
he completed his studies, graduating in 1886. On leaving that institu-
tion he taught the High School at Bar Harbor for one year, and in
January, 1889, entered the office of the Secretary of State at Augusta
as a clerk. In December, 1890, he was appointed Chief Clerk in the
Secretary of State's office and served in that capacity until March,
1895, when he became Deputy Secretary of State. These positions en-
abled him to gain a broad experience and brought him into wide prom-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 29
inence. In 1896 he was brought forward by the Republicans of Maine
as their candidate for Secretary of State, and was elected by a hand-
some majority. Entering upon his duties January 5, 1897, he has since
discharged them with consummate ability and general satisfaction.
Mr. Boyd was for five years a member of the Republican City Commit-
tee of Augusta, and is now (1900), and has been since 1897, Secretary
of the Republican State Committee.
Mr. Boyd was married on the 9th of January, 1895, to Lucy E. Bur-
leigh, of Augusta, Me., daughter of former Governor Edwin C. Bur-
leigh. They have one daughter, Dorothy Boyd, born November 12,1895.
EIDERS, GEORGE MELVILLE, of Portland, member of the
Republican State Committee of Maine, is the son of Henry
Seiders and Mary Whiting Starrett. His family on the pa-
ternal side is of German origin. Conrad Seiders, with his
son Cornelius, immigrated to this country with the Waldo Colony in
1748, and settled in the Town of Waldoboro, Me. Jacob Seiders, son of
Cornelius, took up his residence in Waldoboro and died there. Henry
Seiders, son of Jacob, was born and reared in Waldoboro. He after-
ward removed to Thomaston, Me., where he was employed in ship-
building and navigation and became owner in several vessels. In
1837 he bought a farm in the Town of Union, Knox County, Me., and
was there engaged in agricultural pursuits up to the time of his de-
cease, in 1881, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. He was a
man of positive views, a great reader, and particularly interested in
politics and religion. He Avas one of a few of his townsmen who took
upon themselves the labor and pecuniary obligations of building the
first Congregational meeting-house in Union, and he was for many
years a Deacon in the Congregational Church. Mary Whiting Starrett,
to whom he was married in 1827, was the daughter of John Starrett,
of Warren, Me., a descendant of Colonel Thomas Starrett, who immi-
grated to Warren from Scotland. Henry and Mary W. (Starrett)
Seiders were the parents of nine children, of whom the first born, John
Henry, died in infancy. The following eight lived to maturity : Mary
Jane, born in 1829, married Captain Oliver Starrett, of Warren, Me.
(both now deceased) ; Margaret S., born in 1834, married Charles G.
Snell and now resides in Portland; Joseph Henry, born in 1830, died at
New Orleans, La., of yellow fever; Edward, born in 1838, was lost at
sea on passage from New York to New Orleans, he being mate of the
vessel; Emerson, born in 1840, was lost on Lake Erie in 1864; Sarah L.,
born in 1842, resides in Union, Me., and is unmarried; George Melville,
30 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the subject of this article, born January 15, 1844; and Frederick A.,
born in 1848, now lives on the old homestead in Union.
George Melville Seiders acquired his early education in the common
schools of his native town. September 10, 1862, while he was in the
High School, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-fourth Maine Volun-
teer Infantry, and was made a Corporal. The regiment first encamped
at Augusta, Me., and later in the fall of that year was ordered to Long
Island, N. Y. After remaining in camp there some weeks, the regi-
ment took passage on the steamer Lizzie Southard to New Orleans,
and immediately on arriving was ordered up the river and encamped
at Bonnet Carre, being thence ordered to Port Hudson. At Bonnet
Carre Mr. Seiders was taken sick with typhoid fever, and his life hung
in the balance for many days; but finally recovering, he rejoined his
regiment in time to be present at the fall of Port Hudson. After the
fall of Vicksburg his regiment was ordered home via the river to Cairo
and thence by rail to Chicago, Albany, Boston, and Augusta, where he
was honorably mustered out of service August 25, 18G3.
Returning to Union, Me., Mr. Seiders resumed work upon his
father's farm. On attaining his majority, agricultural pursuits being
distasteful to him, he went to Portland and found employment in the
machine works of Charles Staples & Son. John C. Phenix, of Deeriug,
Me., who was foreman of the pattern shop, learning of Mr. Seiders's
desire to obtain a liberal education, took more than an ordinary inter-
est in him, advising him, after he had been there some six months, to
close his engagement with the firm and to work to that end. Mr.
Seiders acted on his advice, and his employers generously passed over
to him the fifty dollars that had been reserved from his wages as a
guaranty that he would remain with them two years at least.
Mr. Seiders speaks of Mr. Phenix as one of his greatest benefactors
in his early years, since it was through that, gentleman's interest and
advice that his business course was changed to more agreeable and
congenial pursuits. On his way back to Union he engaged to teach
the winter school at Tennant's Harbor, St. George, Me., and in the
spring and fall of 18(5(5 he attended school at Kent's Hill. The winter
following he again taught school at Tenuant's Harbor, and afterward
continued his studies at Lincoln Academy in New Castle, where he
fitted for college, alternately attending school and teaching winters.
In 1868, having completed his studies at Lincoln Academy, he was ad-
mitted to the freshman class of Bowdoin College, and pursued his
studies there until the spring of 1869, when he took charge of Cherry-
field Academy in Washington County, Me., for two terms. After fin-
ishing this engagement he returned to college, made up lost time
(nineteen weeks), and the two succeeding winters taught at Bristol
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 31
Mills in Lincoln County. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in
1872, and received from his Alma Mater the degree of A.B. and in 1895
the honorary degree of A.M. He had scarcely any pecuniary help in
his preparation for and during his college course, but paid his way by
teaching.
Mr. Seiders, immediately after graduation, was elected Principal of
Greeley Institute at Cumberland, Me., where he taught for two years,
during which time the institute prospered to a greater degree than at
any period before. He was then elected sub-master of the High School
at Waltham, Mass., and remained there one year, when he received
and accepted an offer of a professorship in the Episcopal Academy at
Cheshire, Conn. He taught there during the school year of 1875-76,
employing his leisure in reading law. In 1876 he returned to Port-
land, and in July of that year commenced reading law with Hon.
Thomas B. Reed, who was then one of the most promient lawyers in
Maine. Mr. Seiders continued with him until October, 1878, when he
was admitted to the bar of his native State. He first opened a law
office with Hon. F. M. Kay, of Westbrook, Me., but after a few months
returned to the office of Mr. Keed, with whom he was associated until
Mr. IJeed's removal to New York. In January, 1893, Mr. Seiders
formed a copartnership with Frederick Ar. Chase, and under the name
of Seiders & Chase has had an extensive general law business. He has
always devoted himself strictly to his profession.
Appointed Assistant United States Counsel in the Alabama Claims
Court in 1883, Mr. Seiders continued to act in that capacity during the
continuance of that court. In 1884 he was elected County Attorney of
Cumberland County for a term of two years, and was re-elected for a
second term in 1886. While serving as County Attorney he had charge
of many important cases, among which were two murder cases, in
both of which convictions were secured. In January, 1894, the firm of
Seiders & Chase, associated with George H. Allan as counsel for the
accused, defended in the case of the State v. Prawda, who was in-
dicted for murder; and again in January, 1895, the firm defended
James Lewis, accused and indicted for murder. These two cases at-
tracted wide public attention, and particularly the attention of the
best legal talent of theState,on account of thecircumstances surround-
ing them and the atrocity of the crime in each instance. In both of
these cases the State secured a conviction of the accused before the
jury. In the case of Lewis, the State, not being able to hold the convic-
tion it had secured, finally nol proxsed the case, and Lewis was set at
liberty. Mr. Seiders has occupied his present office on Exchange
Street, Portland, for nearly a score of years, and has enjoyed a steadily
growing practice. He has been attorney for and a Director of the Me-
32 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
chanics Loan and Building Association since its organization, and is
engaged largely in corporation business.
In politics Mr. Seiders has always been a stanch Republican. He
was a resident of North Yarmouth, Me., from July, 1876, until No-
vember, 1880, becoming while there identified with the interests of the
place, and taking an active part in town matters. He was elected a
Representative to the State Legislature in 1877 on the Republican
ticket from the classed towns of Yarmouth and North Yarmouth, and
in that body served on several committees, the most important being
the Judiciary Committee, although at that time he had not been ad-
mitted to the practice of law. In 1880 he removed to Portland, his
home being now on Thomas Street. In the fall of 1892 Mr. Seiders was
elected on the Republican ticket to the Maine Senate, of which he be-
came a member in January, 1893. He was appointed on various prom-
inent committees, and from the first took a strong position in legisla-
tive matters. He was re-elected to that body in 1894, and by a unan-
imous vote was elected President of the Senate in 1895, over which he
presided with marked ability. At the session of the Legislature in
1897 he was a prominent candidate for Attorney-General and came
within a few votes of securing the office. He has taken an active in-
terest in local and State politics since 1876. While a resident of North
Yarmouth he was a member of the Republican County Committee,
and after moving to Portland was a member of the Republican City
Committee for a number of years and Chairman for two years. In
January, 1899, he was elected a member of the Republican State Com-
mittee, in which capacity he is now serving.
Mr. Seiders is a member of Bramhall Lodge, Knights of Pythias, of
Bosworth Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and the Portland Club.
He has been an active member of the Congregational Church for many
years.
November 24, 1874, he married Clarice S., daughter of the late Isaac
S. Hayes, of North Yarmouth, Me., who was a descendant of one of the
oldest families of that town, an active business man, and influential in
local affairs. Three children have been born to them : Grace R., Mary
A., and Philip Reed Seiders, all of whom are now living.
EAL, GEORGE LA FAYETTE, of Norway, Treasurer of the
State of Maine from 1888 to 1895, was born in Norway,
Oxford County, Me., May 21, 1825, and died there December
11, 1896. He was the son of Ezra Fluent Beal and Mary
Ann Bennett. Mr. Beal was educated in the common schools and at
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 33
West brook (Me.) Seminary, and was serving as Captain of the Nor-
way Light Infantry at the outbreak of the Civil War. April 20, 1861,
he tendered his company for immediate service in the Kebellion, and
was the first man to enlist in Oxford County. At the expiration of his
term of service, in the vicinity of Washington, he re-enlisted for two
years, and was commissioned Colonel of the Tenth Maine Infantry,
which covered the famous retreat of General Banks from Winchester
to Williamsport, and participated in the battles of Cedar Mountain,
General Pope's retreat, and Antietam. Colonel Beal was severely
wounded at Antietam, but soon returned to duty, and was mustered
out with his regiment in May, 1863. He promptly re-enlisted for three
years, was made Colonel of the Twenty-ninth Maine Regiment, and
participated in the battles of the Red River and Shenandoah Valley
campaigns in 1864. For distinguished services rendered at Sabine
Cross Roads, La., where he was successful in checking the advance
of the enemy and saving Banks's army, he was brevetted Brigadier-
General, and later given full grade commission as Brigadier-General.
During the reconstruction period General Beal was placed in com-
mand of the Eastern District of South Carolina, with headquarters at
Darlington, where he served so faithfully and efficiently that he was
promoted to brevet Major-General of Volunteers. He was mustered
out of service in January, 1866, and returned to Norway, where he
engaged in business enterprises, being among the foremost in building
the Norway Branch Railroad, connecting with the Grand Trunk. He
was also active in the construction of the Norway Electric Railroad,
and extensively interested in real estate operations.
General Beal was appointed United States Pension Agent at Port-
land in 1872, and served in that capacity until the office was trans-
ferred to Concord, N. H. From 1880 to 1885 he was Adjutant-General
of the State, and from 1888 to 1895 he served with great ability and
fidelity as State Treasurer. At the time of his death he was one of the
managers of the National Home for Disabled Soldiers, at Togus, Me.
He was the first Department Commander of the Grand Army of the
Republic in Maine, and in 1894 commanded the Commandery of Maine
in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. Politically a Republican
from the time the party was organized, he was a delegate to the
National Convention which nominated Grant for President in 1868,
served as Presidential Elector at Large on the Republican ticket in
Maine for that year, and during his whole life rendered most efficient
service to his party and State.
June 8, 1851, General Beal married Belinda Deane Thompson,
daughter of John Thompson, of Rumford, Me. They had two children :
Elizabeth Bennett and Agnes Jenette Beal.
34
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
HANNIBAL HAMLIN.
AMLIN, HANNIBAL, of Maine, son of Cyrus and Anna
(Livermore) Hamlin, was born at Paris Hill, Oxford Coun-
ty, Maine, August 27, 1809. His maternal grandfather,
Deacon Elijah Livermore, was one of the original owners
of the township in that State which bears his name. His father's father,
Elijah Hamlin, of Pembroke, Mass., commanded in the Revolution a
company of minutemen in which five
of his sons were enrolled.
Hannibal Hamlin spent his early life
on the parental farm, attended the dis-
trict schools of the neighborhood, and
prepared for college at the Hebron
Academy. But the death of his father
and the modest circumstances of the
family compelled him to relinquish the
hope of a collegiate training and as-
sume the management of the farm.
When about twenty years of age he
joined Horatio King in purchasing the
weekly paper, Jcffcrsonian, published
at Paris, Maine, but six months later
sold his interest to Mr. King, having in
the meantime become an expert compositor and printer as well as a
forceful writer. He then studied law; was admitted to the bar in Janu-
ary, 1833, and in May began active practice at Hampden, Maine, where
he soon gained recognition as an able lawyer and talented orator. Be-
coming a Democrat, he was elected in 1835 to the Maine Legislature,
and was re-elected for five successive terms, serving as Speaker of the
House in 1837, 1839, and 1840. In 1840 he was nominated but defeated
for Congress, and for the first time introduced in Maine the joint
debate in campaign work. Mr. Hamlin was elected to Congress after
the census of 1840, and was re-elected in 1845.
About this time he became identified with the anti-slavery movement,
which he openly and resolutely espoused upon the annexation of
Texas, and his prominence in connection with the Wilson proviso and
his strong, outspoken anti-slavery views made him many enemies in the
old Democratic party. But he was elected in 1848 to fill the unexpired
term of Senator Fairfield in the United States Senate, and in 1851 was
re-elected for a full term. He cast his strength and influence with the
Republican party, becoming one of its founders and earliest leaders, and
in 1857 resigned his seat in the Senate to become Governor of Maine, to
which office he had been elected by the Republicans. On February 20,
of the same year, he resigned the executive chair, and was re-elected
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 35
United States Senator by the Maine Legislature for a full term from
March 4, 1857. In January, 1861, he again resigned his Senatorial seat,
having been elected Vice-President of the United States on the ticket
with Abraham Lincoln, and as Vice-President he presided over the Sen-
ate with ability and dignity from March 4, 1861, to March 3, 1865. He
was a warm friend of Lincoln, and stanchly supported his administra-
tion and the Union.
Mr. Hamlin was Collector of the Port of Boston in 1865 and 1866, a
regent of the Smithsonian Institution from 1861 to 1865 and 1870 to
1882, and at one time dean of the board. He remained in the United
States Senate from 1869 to 1881, when he resigned to accept the position
of Minister to Madrid. This he also soon resigned, and retired to pri-
vate life, after an active public career of nearly fifty successive years.
He died in Bangor, Maine, July 4, 1891.
OBIE, FREDERICK, of Gorham, a distinguished veteran offi-
cer of the Civil War, Governor of Maine in 1883, 1884, 1885,
and 1886, and Department Commander of the Grand Army
of the Republic of the State in 1899, comes of the best Eng-
lish stock, both his paternal and maternal ancestors having emigrated
from England, the former in 1660, and the latter, the Lincolns, in 1637.
On the paternal side the first settlement was made in what is now At-
kinson, N. H., while his maternal ancestors settled in Hingham, Mass.
The first immigrant Robie was killed by the Indians. His twelve-year-
old son, Ichabod, was taken captive and carried to Canada, where he
was kept one year. Returning, he settled in Hampton, N. H., where
he raised a family. Samuel Robie, the youngest of three sons, was born
in 1717. He also had three sons, of whom Edward, the eldest, mar-
ried, October 10, 1771, Sarah, daughter of John and Sarah Toppan
Smith. They were the parents of six children, of whom Toppan was
born in Candia, N. H., January 27, 1782. At the age of seventeen Top-
pan removed to Gorham, Me., and became clerk in a store, remaining
until of age. Strict economy enabled him to save sufficient money to
start in business on his own account, which he did. He succeeded ad-
mirably. Joined afterward by his brother, Thomas S., the firm of T. &
T. S. Robie became familiar and very popular through New Hamp-
shire, Vermont, and Maine. It continued for sixty years, until the
death of Thomas S., and became widely known for its enterprise, in-
tegrity, and upright conduct in all transactions. Toppan Robie was
for half a century the leading citizen of his town and the surrounding
country. He held every office in the town. He was six times a Repre-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
sentative to the Massachusetts Legislature before Maine became a
State, in the first two Legislatures of Maine, and a member of Gov-
ernor Kent's Council in 1837. Mr. Robie was originally a Whig, but,
being strongly opposed to slavery, he heartily joined in the organiza-
tion of the Republican party. He was the highest type of the refined
gentleman of the old school, being always dignified, courteous, and
honorable in all his dealings. Having accumulated a competency, he
was a liberal giver to every good cause. The beautiful soldiers' monu-
ment, the first erected in Maine, which adorns the Town of Gorham,
was his generous tribute to the
fallen heroes in the cause he did so
much to aid. The ministerial fund
of Gorham was often the subject of
his munificent benefactions, his do-
nations aggregating $9,000, while
the Congregational Church at Ches-
ter, N. H., received from the same
generous source not less than $5,000.
After leaving business he retired to
his fine estate in Gorham, where he
passed his declining years in the full
enjoyment of that peace and tran-
quility which is the halo of a bril-
liant, honorable, and well-spent life.
He. died January 14, 1871, mourned
by the entire community in which he
had lived for seventy years. In 1804
he married Lydia, daughter of Ben-
jamin Brown, of Candia, X. H., and
sister of Francis Brown, D.D., Presi-
dent of Dartmouth College. She died
in 1811. His second wife was Sarah
Thaxter Lincoln, daughter of Captain John and Bethiah (Thaxter)
Lincoln, whose ancestors came from England. General Benjamin Lin-
coln of Revolutionary fame, Governor Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts,
and Governor Enoch Lincoln, of Maine, were among their descend-
ants. Abraham Lincoln was of the same blood, if not of the same
family. Toppan and his wife, Sarah Robie, were the parents of three
sons, of whom Frederick was the youngest.
Frederick Robie was born in Gorham, Me., August 12, 1822. He re-
ceived his preparatory education at Gorham Academy and by private
tutorship, and entered Bowdoin College in 1837, graduating in 1841.
He taught academies for a time in the South, but, deciding upon niedi-
FREUERICK ROBIE.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 37
cine as a profession, took a medical course at Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia, receiving his diploma in 1844. Doctor Kobie began
practice at Biddeford, Me., where he remained eleven years, after
which, in 1855, he removed to Waldoboro, Me., where he enjoyed a
very lucrative practice for three years. Returning to his native town,
he remained until the breaking out of the Civil War, when, on June 1,
1861, he accepted an appointment from President Lincoln as Pay-
master of United States Volunteers. He served in the Army of the
Potomac until 1863, when he was transferred to Boston as Chief Pay-
master of the Department of New England. In 1864 he was sent to
the Gulf, in which department he paid the troops for a year, until 1865,
when he was ordered to Maine to pay the soldiers at their muster-out
of service. His valuable services were recognized by a brevet commis-
sion, dated November 24, 1865, of Lieutenant-Colonel. He retired from
the service July 20, 1866, receiving the commendation of the govern-
ment and the applause of the people and the press of the State, which
justly said " he was a courteous and gentlemanly officer," whose
" services had been honorable and eminently satisfactory," and that
the Lieutenant-Colonel's commission " could not have been bestowed
on a more modest, faithful, and unassuming officer." He is now a
prominent member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and in Febru-
ary, 1899, was elected Commander of the Department of Maine,
G. A. R.
After the close of the Rebellion political honors began to fall in
Colonel Robie's pathway. In 1S66-67 he was in the State Senate. He
has been in the Legislature ten times. In 1872 and 1876 he was
Speaker of the House. He was a member of the Executive Council
in 1861, 1880, and 1881-82, was delegate to the Republican National
Convention in 1872, and from 1868 to 1873 was a member of the Re-
publican State Committee. In 1878 he was appointed Commissioner
to The Paris Exposition, remaining in Europe nearly a year. In 1882 he
\v;is nominated for Governor of Maine and elected, after a severe con-
test, by 9,000 plurality. He was re-elected the next year by nearly
20,000 majority. Governor Robie was a popular chief magistrate and
discharged his official duties firmly, intelligently, and acceptably to
the people.
In business Governor Robie has been equally successful. He has
been interested in agricultural pursuits, and was Worthy Master of
the Maine State Grange, from 1881, for eight years. He is a Director
in the Portland and Rochester Railroad Company, the Union Mutual
Life Insurance Company, and the First National Bank of Portland, of
which large institution he is now President, and to which he devotes
a considerable part of his time. He resides in the old homestead at
38 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Gorham, so long occupied by his worthy father, enjoying in quiet lux-
ury the pleasures of a refined aud elegant home. In manners Gov-
ernor Robie is always genial and companionable, which qualities have
given him as large a circle of personal friends as any man in the State
enjoys. While an ardent Republican, he is broad enough and liberal
enough to respect the opinions of other honest and sincere men,
though differing from his own. He has never allowed politics to em-
bitter personal friendships, and it is doubtful if in all the hot political
contests in which he has been engaged he has ever made a single per-
sonal enemy. No one ever accused him of taking a mean or unfair ad-
vantage of his opponents or of doing a low or dishonorable act. His
integrity, honesty of purpose, and irreproachable character have
never been questioned in any quarter.
November 27, 1847, Mr. Robie married Olivia Mary Priest, of Bidde-
ford, Me., by whom he has had four children : Harriet, wife of Clark
H. Barker; Mary Frederica, wife of George F. McQuillan; Eliza, who
died in 1863; and William Pitt Fessenden Robie. Mrs. Olivia Mary
(Priest) Robie died at Gorham, Me., November 5, 1898. She was a
lady of high attainments, and had the respect and love of many
friends throughout the country. Governor Robie was married to
Miss Martha E. Cressey, of Gorham, Me., by Rev. George W. Reynolds,
January 10, 1900.
HASE, FREDERICK VIRGIL, junior member of the firm of
Seiders & Chase, of Portland, has earned a high position
among the younger group of lawyers at the bar of Maine.
He unites the scholastic with the legal profession, having
been for five years instructor in Greek and German in Worcester Acad-
emy, of Worcester, Mass., after his graduation from the educational in-
stitutions of Maine, Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, and Colby Uni-
versity of Waterville, Maine. A professional union of this nature has,
of course, resulted in mutual advantage, and from it Mr. Chase could
have secured political preferment years ago had he sought the political
arena. His present public service has been thrust upon him, and other
positions of public responsibility are likely to follow.
Mr. Chase is a native of the Pine Tree State, having been born at
Fayette, Kennebec County. April 30, 1851. His father, Frederick A.
Chase, and mother, Rachel L. Sturtevant, were both of English ances-
try, and were early settlers in Maine. After finishing his education
and leaving Worcester he commenced, in 1881, the study of law at
Portland, Maine, in the office of Hon. Josiah H. Drummond, one of the
leading lawyers of the State. Under his tutelage he remained until
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 39
he was admitted to the bar in 1883, since which time he has been in the
active practice of his profession in Portland. In 1892 he formed a
partnership with Hon. George M. Seiders, under the firm name of
Seiders & Chase. This partnership still continues. Their practice is
one of the largest in the State, and consists of all classes of legal work,
a specialty being the handling of cases for large corporations. He
was appointed Assistant County Attorney of Cumberland County in
1887 and served two years. In 1898 he was elected a member of the
House of Eepresentatives of the Sixty-ninth Legislature of the State
and was made one of the active members of the Committee on Legal
A ffairs. He is counsel for a large number of corporations, a member
of the Portland Club and the Portland Athletic Club, and one of the
most popular professional men of the City of Portland.
Mr. Chase was married June 12, 1889, to Eliza M., daughter of Hon.
Josiah B. Mayo, of Foxcroft, Maine, and an accomplished and culti-
vated woman. They are leading members in Portland's exclusive
social circles.
LARK, WALTER EMERSON, Postmaster of Waldoboro,
Me., since 1898, was born there January 8, 1854. He is the
son of Colonel Atherton W. Clark, who was station agent
at Waldoboro, and Mary D. Clark, and is descended from
English and Scotch ancestors. He inherits all the sterling qualities
and characteristics of some of the early settlers of New England.
Mr. Clark received his preliminary education in the public schools
of Waldoboro. After leaving school he worked on a farm and sub-
sequently entered the shipyard of his grandfather, Joseph Clark, a
prominent ship builder arid Republican.
In politics Mr. Clark has always been a stanch Republican. In
1898 he was appointed Postmaster of Waldoboro, receiving his com-
mission from President McKinley, and is now discharging the duties
of that office with marked ability. His Republicanism is of the per-
sistent sort, and has brought him into prominence throughout his sec-
tion. He is a prominent Mason, being a member of King Solomon's
Lodge of Waldoboro, and for two years was District Deputy Grand
Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Maine. He is a public
spirited, patriotic, and enterprising citizen whose interest in the wel-
fare and progress of the community have made him respected and
esteemed by all with whom he comes in contact.
In 1876 Mr. Clark married Ella WTilly, and they have two children :
Isha, who is her father's assistant in the postoffice, and Carrie O.
Clark.
40 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
OLCOTT, ROGER, Governor of Massachusetts since January,
1897, was born in Boston on July 13, 1847, the son of J.
Himtington Wolcott and Cornelia Frothingham. His an-
cestry is among the most distinguished in New England.
Roger Wolcott (1679-1767) was commander of the Connecticut troops
at the Siege of Louisburg in 1755, and second in command under Sir
William Pepperell, and was Governor of the Connecticut Colony from
1751 to 1754. Oliver Wolcott (1726-97), his son, was a signer of the
Declaration of Independence, a prominent figure in Revolutionary
times, and the second Governor of the State of Connecticut in 1796-97.
Oliver Wolcott, son of Oliver, Sr., was born in 1760 and died in 1833,
and was Secretary of the Treasury at Washington from 1795 to 1797,
and the seventh State Governor of Connecticut, serving from 1818 to
1827.
Governor Roger Wolcott is descended from the first Governor Roger
Wolcott, and inherits all the intellectual and physical characteristics
of his race. Receiving his preparatory education in the schools of Bos-
ton, he entered Harvard College in 1866 and was graduated in 1870,
being selected by his classmate's to deliver the class-day oration. He
then began the study of law in Boston with T. K. Lathrop, and in the
autumn of 1871 entered the Harvard Law School, from which he was
graduated LL.B. in 1874. During the years 1871 and 1872 he was also
a tutor in the college. Since his admission to the Suffolk bar he has
devoted himself to the practice of law, to the care and management
of private trusts, and to politics.
His public life began in 1877, when he was elected to the Boston
Common Council, to which he was twice re-elected. In 1882, 1883,
and 1884 he was elected to the lower house of the Massachusetts Leg-
islature, and during these three years attracted wide attention by his
sturdy integrity, ability, close attention to duty, and fearless defense
of the people's rights and good government. He was again elected a
member of the Boston Common Council in 1887, 1888, and 1889, and,
as the first president of the Republican Club of Massachusetts, was
active, by voice and pen, in promoting the cause of his party. For
several years he was an Overseer of Harvard University and a trustee
of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and in 1893 was elected Lieu-
tenant-Governor of the Commonwealth, serving, by virtue of that
office, as chairman of all the leading committees of the Executive
Council. He was re-elected to the lieutenant-governorship for 1895
and 1896, and, on the death of Governor Frederic T. Greenhalge, on
March 5, 1896, became Acting Governor. His administration of the
duties of this office won for him in the fall of that year the unanimous
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
41
nomination and election of Governor by the largest plurality ever
given to a gubernatorial candidate in Massachusetts, and by successive
re-elections he has continued in that position to the present time
ROGER WOLCOTT.
(1899). Governor Wolcott has achieved a national reputation as a
rnan of great natural ability, of commanding presence, and of unques-
tioned integrity and honor. He is a member of several of Boston's
42 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
leading clubs and social organizations, and also of the Massachusetts
Historical Society.
In 1874 he married Edith Prescott, a granddaughter of William H.
Prescott, the historian, and a great-great-granddaughter of Colonel
William Prescott, the commander of the Colonial forces at the Battle
of Bunker Hill. They have four sons and a daughter living.
TROUT, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, has been a life-long resi-
dent of Portland, Me., where he was born July 12, 1863.
His father, Hon. Sewall Gushing Strout, was for many
years one of the most distinguished lawyers and jurists of
the State. Judge Strout was the son of Ebeuezer and Hannah (Cush-
ing) Strout, and was born in Wales, Androscoggin County, Me., Feb-
ruary 17, 1827. His ancestors came originally from England to Cape
Elizabeth, Me., whence his grandfather, Enoch Strout, a Captain in
the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, removed to
Wales and there spent the rest of his life. Ebenezer Strout, a native
of Wales and a trader by occupation, moved with his family in 1834 to
Topsham, Me., and in 1841 to Portland. Judge Sewall Cushing
Strout was admitted to the bar of Maine in October, 1848, began ac-
tive practice in Bridgton, and on April 1, 1854, removed to Portland,
where he was subsequently a partner of Judge Howard, one of his
preceptors, and later of Hanno W. Gage. He remained at the bar for
forty-five years, gaining an acknowledged leadership and a reputa-
tion which extended throughout the State. He was for ten years
(1884 to 1894) President of the Cumberland Bar Association and for
one year an Alderman of Portland. In politics he has always been a
Democrat. After the death of Artemas Libby in March, 1894, Mr.
Strout was appointed (April 12) to succeed him as Associate Justice
of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine, which position he still holds.
He was married November 22, 1849, to Octavia Jane Perry Shaw, of
Portland, Me., and had five children : Annie O., Louise B., Frederick
S. (deceased), Joseph H. (deceased), and Charles Augustus Strout.
Charles A. Strout attended the common schools of Portland and the
private school of C. B. Varney, and in October, 1881, entered Bowdoin
College. Three weeks later, however, an unfortunate injury to his left
eye, caused by a piece of coal supposed to have been thrown by a mem-
ber of a hazing party, resiilted in an injury which prevented the com-
pletion of his college course and compelled him to abandon the cher-
ished hope and ambition of a collegiate career. He finally began the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 43
study of law in the office of his father's firm, Strout, Gage & Strout, of
Portland, and was admitted to the Cumberland bar April 25, 1885. He
practiced alone in Portland until March., 1888, when, upon the death
of his eldest brother, Frederick S. Strout, he took the latter's place in
the firm of Strout, Gage & Strout. When Hon. Sewall C. Strout, his
father, and the senior member of the firm, was appointed a Justice
of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine on April 12, 1894, the firm be-
came Gage & Strout, composed of Hanno W. Gage and Charles A.
Strout. Since then the firm has remained unchanged.
In politics Mr. Strout is an ardent and consistent Eepublican. He
is active in party councils, prominent in local public affairs, and
widely known as an able and influential Republican leader. He was
elected a member of the Portland Common Council from Ward Six in
March, 1890, was re-elected in March, 1891, and was chosen President
of the Council. In March, 1893, he was elected a member of the Board
of Aldermen from the same ward. In 1893 he removed to Ward Seven
and consequently was not a candidate for re-election, although he
could have been elected had he remained a resident of Ward Six. Mr.
Strout is an able lawyer, a public spirited and progressive citizen, and
a prominent member of the Portland Club, of the Masonic fraternity,
of the Knights of Pythias, and of the Improved Order of Red Men.
He was married June 7, 1893, to Jennie May Higgins, of Portland,
Me. They have one son, Sewall Gushing Strout.
EWALL, HAROLD MARSH, of Bath, Me., Special Agent of
the United States at Honolulu, Hawaii, was born in Bath,
Mo., in 1860. He is the son of Arthur Sewall, well known as
a shipbuilder, and as the Democratic candidate for Vice-
President of the United States on the ticket headed by William Jen-
nings Bryan in 1896. His immigrant ancestor, and the common an-
cestor of all the Sewalls of America, was Henry Sewall, of Coventry,
England, who came to Massachusetts Bay among the early Pilgrims.
Harold M. Sewall received his education in the public schools of
Bath, at Harvard College, and at the Harvard Law School. Soon
after completing his legal studies he entered public life and was ap-
pointed Vice-Consul at Liverpool and later Consul-General at Samoa,
which position he resigned at the request of Secretary Bayard. He
was attached by the late Hon. James G. Blaine, Secretary of State,
to the Commission at Berlin, which framed the Samoan Treaty of
1889. Subsequently he was re-appointed by President Harrison as
Cousul-General at Samoa and in 1897 was appointed Envoy Extraor-
44 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
diuary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Hawaii. After the United
States flag was raised over that country Mr. Sewall was appointed
Special Agent of this Government and he is still serving in that ca-
pacity.
Mr. Sewall's open and ardent espousal of Republican doctrines in
1896, at the time his father was running for Vice-President on the
Democratic ticket, brought him into National prominence and made
his name a household word. In many respects it is one of the most
noteworthy incidents in the political history of this country. Mr.
Sewall from that moment became one of the most prominent Repub-
licans in the country, and since, as well as before, has displayed the
highest qualities of leadership, superior judgment, great executive
ability, and the broad and liberal attributes of a statesman. He has
filled every position with honor, credit, and satisfaction, and has won
for himself a high reputation. As a diplomat he has few superioi-s.
He is well grounded in both domestic and international law, is a man
of great intellectual and scholarly attainments, and is highly re-
spected by all who know him. The confidence which has been re-
posed in his ability, integrity, and honor is the best evidence of the
place he holds in the ranks of the Republican party and in the coun-
cils of government.
Mr. Sewall is a member of the Metropolitan Club of Washington
and of the University Club of New York City. In 1893 he married
Camilla Loyail Ashe, of San Francisco and Hawaii. They have two
children: Loyail Farragut Sewall and Arthur Sewall, 3d.
ITTLEFIELD, CHARLES EDGAR, member of Congress and
one of the foremost citizens of the Pine Tree State, was
born in Lebanon, York County, Me., June 21, 1851. He is
the son of the Rev. William H. Littlefield, who died August
13, 1899, and Mary Stevens, his wife. His ancestors were among the
early settlers of York County.
The childhood of Mr. Littlefield was in no particular different from
that of boys whose parents were in limited circumstances. His father
was a Free Will Baptist clergyman, who preached for various periods
in Lebanon, Rockland, Dover, Yinal Haven, and Week's Mills. Young
Littlefield attended the public schools in the various towns in which
his father preached, and soon came to be known as a diligent student,
making good progress in his studies, notwithstanding the disadvant-
age of the frequent change of teachers. He attended Foxcroft Acad-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
45
emy and afterward the high schools connected with the common
school system. After several years of hard work as millwright,
carpenter, and pattern maker, he took charge of a gang of men
in the employ of the Bodwell Granite Company, of Vinal Haven,
who were furnishing granite for the War and Navy Department
Building at Washington, I). C., and other Government contracts,
CHARLES E. LITTLEFIELD.
and for three years had charge of the lumber yard of that com-
pany. At the age of twenty-three Mr. Littlefield commenced the
study of law in the office of Kice & Hall, of Kockland, Me., and was
admitted to the bar at the March term of the Knox County Supreme
Court in 1876, " having passed the best examination of any candidate
for admission to this bar." Commencing immediately the practice of
his chosen profession, he was for a time associated with General J. P.
46 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Cilley, a prominent pension lawyer, and upon the dissolution of this
partnership Mr. Littlefield practiced alone until the admission of his
younger brother, Arthur S., to the bar, since which time a largely in-
creased practice has been enjoyed by them.
Mr. Littlefield, by his perseverance and shrewdness in the conduct
of his many cases, has Avon a well merited distinction at the bar. He
is an eloquent speaker, and has a distinguished presence which com-
mands attention.
Mr. Littlefield is a tried and true Republican, and early took a deep
and active interest in politics and in political economy. He served in
the Common Council of Bockland, was Chairman of the Republican
County Committee for several years, and was also a member of the
Republican State Committee. In 1885 he was elected a Representa-
tive to the Legislature, and rendered efficient service on the Judiciary
and other committees. He was re-elected to the House in 1887, and at
that session was chosen Speaker by acclamation, a peculiar honor and
a tribute to the popularity and ability of the candidate. Mr. Little-
field's splendid record as presiding officer is a matter of history, and
his name became a household term in Maine political circles. In 1889
he was elected Attorney-General, being the youngest man who ever
held the office in the State, with the one exception of Hon. Thomas B.
Reed.
During his four years as Attorney-General he tried a number of
murder cases, and in one case only did he fail to get a verdict for the
crime as named in the indictment. The most important litigation for
the State, of which Mr. Littlefield had charge while Attorney-General,
was that of the State of Maine v. the Grand Trunk Railway, 142 U. S.
Supreme Court Reports, 217. This was a suit for taxes, brought by
Attorney-General Cleaves during his term, under a statute providing
" an annual excise tax for the privilege of exercising its franchise in
the State " upon all railroads, and based upon the gross transporta-
tion receipts. The case was first argued by Attorney-General Cleaves
for the State and A. A. Strout for the Grand Trunk, before Judge
Webb, who rendered a decision adverse to the State of Maine. The
case was carried to the Supreme Court of the United States, and was
in order for argument early in Mr. Littlefield's term. The profession
in Maine were practically a unit in believing that the decision of
Judge Webb would be sustained. This did not, however, deter Mr.
Littlefield from thoroughly examining and preparing the case.
After carefully examining the authorities, he decided that the stat-
ute could be sustained upon the theory that the method prescribed
by the statute was merely a means of determining from time to time
the value of the railroad franchise. This phase of the question had
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 47
never been raised in any case which had at that time been reported,
and was, so far as Mr. Littlefield's argument was concerned, an en-
tirely new question. In brief he said :
" The tax can be sustained upon the ground that it is a tax upon the
value of the prerogative franchise which is enjoyed, operated, and its
value ascertained, by the Grand Trunk Railway Company. . . .
That the actual use of a franchise from time to time is the fairest
and surest test of its actual value. . . . How, then, shall its value
be determined? As that of all other property is determined : by its
income or dividend paying power, or its earning power, which is the
same thing. It is upon this basis that the act at bar determines the
value of this franchise."
The case turned upon this proposition, and the United States Su-
preme Court sustained the tax. The Grand Trunk is partly within
and partly without the State. The Boston and Maine and Canadian
Pacific are the same. The great importance of a favorable result to
the State is seen when it is known that the first payment by the Grand
Trunk after the decision, considerable discount of interest having
been made, was $134,298.06 for taxes that accrued during the litiga-
tion. The Boston & Maine paid in taxes during that time $380,370.03.
These roads, under this decision, are now compelled to pay an annual
tax. For 1898 this tax amounted to $72,167.08.
What man in Maine public life has ever achieved greater and more
lasting benefits for the State? This seventy-two thousand dollars has
become a perpetual yearly receipt to the State, and it is the legal acu-
men of Mr. Littlefield that the State has to thank for it.
In 1892 Mr. Littlefield was chosen a delegate to the Eepublican
National Convention at Minneapolis, and was Chairman of the Maine
Delegation. He was also a delegate to the St. Louis Convention in
1896, and Chairman of the delegation and a persistent friend of Hon.
Thomas B. Reed. Mr. Littlefield has frequently been urged to become
a candidate for gubernatorial honors, but has declined to abandon
the rapidly advancing interests of his profession. In personal appear-
ance he is a splendid specimen of vigorous manhood.
In 1878 Mr. Littlefield married Clara N., daughter of General Will-
iam Aver, of Montville, Me., and they have two children : Charles and
Caroline A.
June 19, 1899, Mr. Littlefield was elected a member of Congress to
succeed the late Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., and in this position his
friends have entire faith in his ability to become a worthy successor
and a credit to the State of Maine.
48 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
DMUNDS, GEORGE FRANKLIN, was born, in Richmond,
Vt., February 1, 1828, being the son of a farmer who moved
there from Western Massachusetts. He acquired his edu-
cation at the common schools and under private tutelage,
and then began the study of law, and after his admission to the bar in
1849 entered upon active practice in his native town. In 1851 he re-
moved to Burlington, where lie took up his permanent residence, and
where he soon gained distinction as an able lawyer and advocate. Tak-
ing a prominent part in politics, without neglecting his legal business,
he served as a Republican in the Vermont Legislature from 1854 to
1859, and during the last three years was Speaker of the House. He
was a member and president pro tempore of the State Senate in 1861-62,
and in 1861 was a member of the State Convention which formed a
coalition between the Republicans and war Democrats, and himself
drew up the resolutions adopted by that body.
In March, 1866, Mr. Edmunds was appointed by the Governor of
his State to fill the vacancy in the Uuited States Senate caused by the
death of Solomon Foot, and later was elected by the Legislature for the
unexpired term ending March 4, 1869. By successive re-elections he
continued in the office until 1891, when he retired from political life,
positively refusing another term in the Senate. Senator Edmunds
took a leading part in the discussions from the first, and when the
Republicans began their two years' contest with President Johnson he
was given charge of the tenure-of-office act, and carried it through.
He was a member and often chairman of the Judiciary Committee, a
prominent figure in the impeachment proceedings against President
Johnson, a firm friend of Grant during that President's difficulties
with Schurz, Sumner, and Trumbull, aided in framing and passing
the reconstruction measures, and was a member of the Electoral Com-
mission in 1876-77, having been chairman of the Senate Committee
which, jointly with a committee from the House, prepared the bill
creating that commission. With Senator Thurman he also originated
and carried through the Senate the Pacific Railroad funding act. He
was twice a onn<l'rl°t^ f~« t'"> T>-r.c.;^pnti"l "mni"ition before Republi-
can National Conventions, receiving in 1880 thirty-four votes and in
1884 ninety-three. When Vice-President Arthur assumed the duties
of President, Senator Edmunds was elected president pro tempore of
the Senate. He introduced on March 22, 1882, a bill for the suppres-
sion of polygamy in Utah and the disfranchisement of those who prac-
ticed it, and this act, known by his name, was upheld by the United
States Supreme Court in a series of five cases in 1884. He was also
the principal author of a similar act of 1887, and of an act of 1886 reg-
ulating the counting of electoral votes for President. In 1886 he was
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 49
the leader in the Senate in the effort to compel President Cleveland to
furnish that body with all documents necessary to show cause for late
removals from office. Senator Edmunds was a strong advocate of
strict parliamentary procedure, and gained eminence as a man of
great penetration and sound learning and as an undaunted advocate
of the best interests of the people.
KUMMOND, JOSIAH HAYDEN, A.M., LL.D., of Portland,
Me., is one of the most distinguished men, not only in New
England, but in the United States, having achieved emi-
nence at the bar, in politics, in the Masonic fraternity, as
a mathematician, and as a genealogist. His career affords a brilliant
and typical illustration of the rise of an ambitious farmer's boy to
positions of honor, and of that sturdy manhood which wins success in
spite of limited advantages. From pupil to teacher, from teacher to
lawyer, and thence into political, fraternal, and literary circles he
forced his strong individuality until his name stands for all that is
synonymous of power and prestige, of scholarship, of truth and justice,
and of genuine American patriotism.
Born on a farm in Winslow, Kennebec County, Me., August 30, 1827,
he is the son of Clark and Cynthia (Blackwell) Drummond, and a
descendant of the Drummonds, Rutherfords, and Stinsons, Scotch-
Irish immigrants; of Richard Williams and other first settlers of
Taunton, Mass.; of John Hayden, of Braiutree, and of the Blackwells,
Fullers, Bournes, and others, of Sandwich, Mass. His paternal an-
cestor, Alexander Drummoud, was one of a colony of Scotch-Irish
Presbyterians who settled near the mouth of the Kennebec River, in
Georgetown, Me., in 1729, and the family has ever since been promi-
nently identified with the history of that State. His great-grand-
father, John Drummond, a farmer and mariner, lived and died in
Georgetown, where his grandfather, also named John Drummond,
passed his childhood. The latter, however, engaged in farming in
WinsloAV, Kennebec County, where he married Damaris Hayden,
whose father, Colonel Josiah Hayden — for whom the subject of this
article was named — became a resident of WiusloAV in 1785, purchasing
the farm adjoining the Drummoud homestead. Colonel Hayden, a
man of prominence in both business and town affairs, was a Major
in the Revolutionary War and later a Colonel in the State Militia.
Clark Drummond, born July 5, 1796, in Winslow, was a prosperous
farmer, an influential citizen, many years a Justice of the Peace, and
filled other local offices. He died in 1888. His wife's father, Captain
50 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mordecai Blackwell, moved from Sandwich, Mass., to Winslow, Me.,
shortly before her birth, which occurred in 1799. She died in 1868.
They had eleven children, of whom Josiah H., David H., and Charles
L. reside in Portland; the others live in Kennebec County.
Josiah H. Drummond's early educational advantages were limited.
He spent his boyhood on a farm in Winslow, attending the district
schools, and developing that sound constitution and vigorous Intel-
lectual superiority which have marked his entire life. Ancestral
characteristics, united with great native ability and energy, con-
tributed to his steady advancement, and enabled him to display
unusual leadership among his companions. But his chief trait was
ambition. The desire to excel soon gained for him pre-eminence in
every field of endeavor, and especially in mathematics, in which he has
always exhibited extraordinary aptitude. At Vassalboro (Me.)
Academy he mastered Col burn's Algebra when only thirteen years
old, and for two years he was assistant teacher of mathematics in that
institution. Afterward he entered Waterville (now Colby) College,
at Waterville, Me., and was graduated therefrom Avith honors in the
class of 1846, receiving the degree of Master of Arts in course in 1849
and the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws in 1871. During his col-
legiate studies he won a high reputation for proficiency in mathe-
matical science, displayed the loftiest attributes of a scholar, and had
the esteem, confidence, and respect of all the professors and students.
After leaving college Mr. Drummond taught school for three years
as Principal of Yassalboro and China Academies, and also studied
law with Boutelle & Noyes, of Waterville, which profession he had
already decided upon as his life work. This employment rounded out
a period of practical application, and at the same time broadened his
intellectual and physical capacities, strengthened him for the subse-
quent duties of a professional career, and enabled his quick, intuitive
power of reading character to develop and expand to the highest point
of excellence. When, therefore, he was admitted to the Maine bar at
Augusta in 1850, at the age of twenty-three, he was well equipped in
every respect for the practice of the profession which he has since
honored, and in which he has achieved a high reputation. A trip to
California, by way of the Isthmus of Panama, immediately after his
admission, resulted in his admission to the bar there, but not in his
settlement in that Western Eldorado. He returned to Waterville,
Me., in 1851, and, succeeding the firm of Boutelle & Noyes, rapidly rose
to prominence as a lawyer and also in politics. In 1860 he moved to
Portland, where he has since resided and practiced his profession with
uninterrupted success.
Mr. Drummond was originally affiliated, by birth and training, with
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 51
the Democrats, but so antagonistic was he to the extension of
slavery that he left that party in 1855 and allied himself with
the new Republican organization. The next year he rendered most
efficient service in organizing the Republican party, spending nearly
eight weeks on the stump and speaking twice and often three times
a day in favor of the party's first Presidential candidate, General John
C. Fremont. In 1856, without his knowledge, and while he was absent
from home, the Republicans nominated him for member of the lower
branch of the Maine Legislature from Waterville; he was elected by
the largest vote then ever given in that town, and the next year he was
re-elected and chosen Speaker of the House, in which position he made
a record as a presiding officer of ability that has never been surpassed,
and, in the opinion of many, never been equaled in his State. In the
fall of 1859 he was elected a State Senator for Kennebec County for
the session beginning in January, 1860, but in March of that year re-
signed his seat to accept the office of Attorney-General of Maine, to
which he had been elected by the Legislature, of which he was a mem-
ber, to fill a vacancy caused by the death of the Attorney-General
who had been elected a short time before. He was re-elected in 1861,
1862, and 1863, and then declined another renoininatiou and election
in order to devote himself entirely to his growing law practice.
Removing to Portland in 1860, Mr. Drummond represented that
city in the State Legislature in 1869, and, as a matter of course, was
elected Speaker of the House. He has also served as City Solicitor for
several terms, and for six years was a valuable member of the Port-
laud School Committee. This is the list of civil offices he has filled.
It might have been much longer had he been willing to make it so.
The fact is that in 1862 he went to Washington for the first time, and
personally saw and realized the consequences of a poor man in official
position, and as he had a family to bring up and educate, he delib-
erately resolved to stick to his profession and accept no office. And
he has steadily adhered to that resolution ever since, save that in 1869
he consented to go to the State Legislature from Portland to help
elect his life-long friend, Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, United States
Senator. After that session he declined a re-election, and of late
years has refused all political honors. But he continued to take the
stump in every Republican State and National campaign down to
quite a recent period, and even still holds himself in readiness to
supply emergencies. He has never missed voting at any National or
State election since 1848, and at no municipal election till 1899, when
he was confined to his home by illness. He was a delegate to the Re-
publican National Convention which renominated Lincoln in 1864,
52 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and was also a prominent member of the conventions that nominated
Hayes and Blaine.
The prominence and influence which Mr. Drummond has held in
the Republican party ever since its organization, and the confidence
and esteem which his political friends in Maine have reposed in him,
are best illustrated by the fact that he has been prominently men-
tioned as a candidate for Governor, for a place on the Supreme Judi-
cial Court bench of the State, and for other exalted positions, and
there is no doubt that he would have filled every one with the same
energy, ability, and superior judgment which he has displayed at the
bar and in all the relations of life. But choosing, as he did, the sub-
stantial career of a lawyer, and declining all political or judicial pre-
ferment, he has continued to wield a powerful influence in the cause
of Republicanism, and in the destinies of that party which he as-
sisted in founding, and which has long acknowledged him as one of
its ablest and most trustworthy leaders. He has devoted himself to
his profession, and as a counselor and advocate, and especially as the
attorney of important corporations, ranks among the best and ablest
lawyers, not only in Maine, but in New England. During his whole
professional life he has been counsel for several railroad companies,
and at the present time is officially, as well as professionally, con-
nected with the Maine Central Railroad Company. Since 1876 he
has also been the general counsel of the Union Mutual Life Insur-
ance Company, of Portland, of which he has long been a Director. He
is prominently identified with a number of other large corporations,
being a founder and continuously a Director of the Union Safe De-
posit and Trust Company, of Portland, and has achieved as much dis-
tinction as an able and successful business man and financier as he
enjoys at the bar. In 1879 he admitted his sou, Josiah H. Drummond,
Jr., to a partnership, and the firm of Drummoud & Drummond has
probably as extensive a law business as any other firm in the State,
and one of the largest and most successful practices in New England.
While Mr. Drummond has distinguished himself at the bar, in
public and official life, and in other important capacities, it is as a
Mason that he has won the greatest fame and more than a National
reputation. Among the hundreds of thousands of Masons in the
United States no name is more familiar or more highly revered in
the Ancient, Capitular, Chivalric, and Scottish grades than his, and,
save Thomas Smith Webb, who gave form to Masonry in this country,
no man has done more for the fraternity. His acquaintance is eagerly
sought by the brethren in both Europe and America. He is regarded
as a true Masonic leader, whose extraordinary enthusiasm and intel-
lectual attainments have shed a radiant light upon the craft at home
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 53
and abroad, and who has exemplified in his life and teachings the
true fraternal spirit of brotherhood. His activities in the order cover
a period of over half a century, liaised in Waterville Lodge in 1849,
he was its AVorshipful Master in 1858-59, Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Maine from 1860 to 1863, Grand High Priest of the Grand
Chapter of the State for two years, Grand Master of the Grand Coun-
cil for one year, and Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery
of Maine for two years. In 1871 he was elected General Grand High
Priest of the General Grand Chapter and in 1880 General Grand
Master of the General Grand Council of the United States, holding
each office three years. He was Provincial Deputy Grand Master of
the Royal Order of Scotland under the late Albert Pike, and upon
Mr. Pike's death became Provincial Grand Master of that body, which
office he still holds.
Mr. Drummond received the Scottish l\ite degrees from the 4° to the
18° in 1859, and from the 19° to the 32°, inclusive, in 1862, and in the
latter year he was crowned with the 33d and last degree, becoming an
Honorary Member of the Supreme Council of the Northern Jurisdic-
tion of the United States. He was immediately elected and installed
Lieutenant Grand Commander, to which office he was re-elected in
1863 and again in 1866; and in 1867, upon the union of the previously
existing Supreme Councils, he was elected Grand Commander of the
united Supreme Council, the highest office in the gift of the fraternity,
and one which involved a vast correspondence with Masons in all
parts of the world, In 1870, 1873, and 1876 he was re-elected to this
exalted position, and then, having served twelve years, declined
further service, though he was urged to accept another term.
These are not all of the offices which Mr. Drummond has filled in the
various Masonic grades, nor do they represent, except in a small meas-
ure, his eminence in the order. A complete statement of his official
services would occupy more space than the limits of this article will
allow. Suffice it to say that he has reached the loftiest pinnacle of
fame and usefulness in the great fraternity of fraternities — that sub-
lime vantage-grotmd from which he has poured the love and benevo-
lence of human kindness upon the very spirit and soul of Masonry,
upon thousands of the craft who hold him in affectionate and grateful
remembrance.
Perhaps his greatest service to Masonry was rendered as a member
of the committees in the different Grand Bodies. As Chairman of the
Committees on Masonic Jurisprudence in the Grand Lodges of Maine
and in the National bodies he has done more than any other man to
shape the polity of the order in the State and Nation. Since 1865 he
has performed in the Grand Lodge of Maine the duty of reviewing the
54 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
proceedings of the other Grand Lodges — over fifty in number — and
his report thereon has often filled more than two hundred pages. He
lias also performed similar labor for the Grand Chapter, Grand Coun-
cil, and Grand Commandery of Maine. In the reports he discussed
with wonderful ability and accurate knowledge questions of Masonic
law, history, usage, polity, and duty, and the reputation which he thus
gained has caused his elevation to the high positions he has held and
still holds. The reviewers of other Grand Lodges have readily con-
ceded to him the first place for the able presentation of his reports
and the influence of his opinions — a high tribute, indeed, as they are
usual ly the ablest members of their respective bodies, and, withal,
men of the loftiest attainments and intellectual culture. He is not
only an acknowledged authority on Masonic jurisprudence, but also
one of the leading writers upon Masonic history in this country,
having written and published many important articles bearing on the
subject. In these capacities he has achieved almost equal fame.
Mr. Drummond's extraordinary record in Masonry is due to unusual
mental powers, natural aptitude as a presiding officer, great personal
enthusiasm, a magnetic and commanding individuality, and a clear,
thorough, and accurate interpretation of Masonic jurisprudence and
ritualistic beauty. Believing that Masonry is doing a vast amount
of good in the world, he loves its forms and ceremonies, its benevolent
ideals, its truths, and it may be safely said that to-day he holds a
higher place in the hearts of all good Masons than any other member
of the fraternity in the United States.
During his entire life, since leaving college, Mr. Drummond has kept
up his interest in, and active connection with, the science of mathe-
matics, to the extent of frequently contributing to all the mathe-
matical magazines and periodicals in this country, especially in the
way of the solution of problems. Among these publications is the
Mathematical Monthly, published by Professor Finkel, of Springfield,
Mo., of which he has long been a valued contributor. He possesses
a high reputation in this respect.
In genealogical research Mr. Drummond has achieved a reputation
equaled only by his prominence at the bar, in politics, and in Masonry.
For many years he has been one of the most indefatigable and indus-
trious genealogists in New England, and even in this country, devot-
ing a large part of his time to the work, and publishing many invalua-
ble papers in the leading periodicals devoted to genealogy and history.
Scores of men and women have received almost priceless help from
him, and bear witness to his generous and prompt assistance. It is
doubtful if any other man stands higher or is better known in this
respect. And it is doubtful, too, if any other person is better ac-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 55
quainted with the genealogical history of the New England Colonies.
Yet he has always been, and is, one of the busiest men in that section.
He is a prominent member of the Maine Historical Society, of the
Maine Genealogical Society, of the New England Historic Genea-
logical Society, of the Old Colony Historical Society of Taunton, Mass.,
and of the Maine Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, of
which he was a founder, several of his ancestors having fought with
distinction in the Revolutionary War. To each of these organizations
he has contributed many valuable papers, writing on various his-
torical subjects in connection with his genealogical work. He has
always taken an active interest in Colby College, having been for
many years Vice-Presideut of the university corporation and Chair-
man ex-officio of the Board of Trustees, his service as a member of the
board dating from 1857. He was also the first President of the Delta
Kappa Epsilon Society, at whose fiftieth anniversary he presided in
July, 1895.
Mr. Drummond's personality is of no uncertain quality. A man of
great determination, and possessed of those noble and vigorous
Scotch characteristics which distinguish his race, he is, nevertheless,
extremely kind-hearted, sympathetic, and helpful, and no one having
a legitimate mission has ever appealed to him in vain. He is espe-
cially kind and generous to young men, aiding them with advice, help-
ing them solve difficult problems, and in several instances assisting
them through college. This is particularly true of young lawyers, a
large number of whom owe much to his benevolence and sympathetic
aid in the early part of their careers. Mr. Drummond is also a man of
positive convictions, of great intellectual and physical ability, and of
a large commanding figure and distinguished countenance. Cour-
teous in manner, of a genial and companionable disposition, and en-
dowed with a well-balanced and well-developed mind, he is univer-
sally admired and respected, and presents a striking example of com-
bined physical, mental, and moral superiority. His profound learning
stamps him as a scholar of unusual culture, while his patriotism,
loyalty, and genuine Americanism single him out as a typical New
Englander.
The secret of his wonderful capacity for work is found in the method
or system with which he has always regulated his affairs. At quite
an early age he realized, as so many noted lawyers have done, that
the trial of causes is a severe strain upon a man's vitality, and that
the study and labor necessary for the successful practice of law were
seriously disturbing his hours at home. He therefore began to devote
his leisure, outside of business hours, to matters not connected with
his profession, and, applying himself to Masonry, mathematics, gene-
56 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
alogy, aiid kindred subjects, soon acquired the habit of throwing from
his mind the perplexities of business and the worries of legal work.
This system he has followed throughout life, until it has become a
sort of second nature. As a means of relaxation from the studies and
labors of his law practice he has kept up the study of mathematics,
as well as his unfailing interest in Masonry and genealogy, finding
that when everything else failed to take his attention from a difficult
case upon which he was working through the day, the solution of an
intricate mathematical problem or genealogical tangle at night would
always accomplish the purpose. This, together with eight hours' sleep
regularly, is the foundation of his great success — the corner-stone
upon which he has built a remarkably useful career.
Mr. Drummond was married in New York City on the 10th of
December, 1850, to Elzada Rollins Bean, daughter of Benjamin Wad-
leigh and Lucetta (Foster) Bean. She was born in Montville, Me.,
March 2, 1829, and is the granddaughter of Phineas and Ilannah
(Clifford) Bean, and a great-granddaughter of Jonathan and Mary
(Leavitt) Bean. This Phineas Beau was born in Candia, N. H., in
1763, moved to Montville in 1808, and died there in 1838. Mr. and
Mrs. Drummond have had four children : Myra Lucetta Drummond,
Josiah Hayden Drummond, Jr., Tiunie Aubigne Drummond (Mrs.
Wilfred Gore Chapman), and Margelia Bean Drummond, who died
March 3, 1897.
UUMMOND, JOSIAH HAYDEN, JR., a prominent lawyer,
Republican, and State Senator, of Portland, Me., is the son
of Hon. Josiah Hayden Drummond, a distinguished law-
yer of that city, whose sketch precedes this. His mother's
maiden name was Elzada R. Bean. Mr. Drummond was born in
Waterville, Me., on the 5th of March, 1856, but moved with his
parents to Portland when a child, and there obtained his primary
and preparatory education in the public schools. He then entered
Colby University, pursued a regular academical course of study, and
subsequently read law with his father, being admitted to the bar of
Maine in October, 1879, and later to the bar of the Supreme Court of
the United States.
Since 1879 Mr. Drummond has been successfully engaged in the
practice of his profession in Portland, being now the junior partner of
the well known law firm of Drummond & Drummond, of which his
father is the head. He stands high as a lawyer, having in numerous
important cases displayed eminent legal ability, sound judgment, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 57
all those intellectual attributes so essential at the bar. His firm
enjoys an extensive practice in all the courts of the State and in the
United States Courts.
A Eepublican from the time he cast his first vote, Mr. Drummond
lias always been actively interested in politics, prominent and influen-
tial in party councils, and for a number of years one of the acknowl-
edged party leaders in that section. He served with ability and satis-
faction as Chairman of the Portland Republican City Committee
during the years 1893, 1894, and 1895. In September, 1890, he was
elected a member of the Maine House of Representatives from Port-
land for a term of two years, beginning January 1, 1891, and in Sep-
tember, 1896, was elected State Senator from Cumberland County for
1897 and 1898, and was re-elected in September, 1898, for a second
term of two years from January, 1899. In the House, as a member
of the Committees on Library and Legal Affairs, he exhibited the same
high qualities and legislative ability which, in a broader degree, have
characterized his two terms in the State Senate, where he has served
as Chairman of the Committee on Claims and as a member of the
Committees on the Judiciary and Banks and Banking. His career
in both branches of the Legislature, his services to the Republican
party, and his prominence as a lawyer and advocate stamp him as a
man of uncommon ability and great integrity of character, and have
gained for him a high reputation throughout his native State.
Mr. Drummond is associate counsel for the Union Mutual Life In-
surance Company and the Union Safe Deposit and Trust Company,
both of Portland, and a member of the Portland and Lincoln Clubs,
of the Delta Kappa Epsilon (college) fraternity, and of the Maine
Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. He is a public
spirited, progressive citizen, a man of broad culture, and highly re-
spected by all who know him.
On September 17, 1883, he was married in Jersey City, N. J., to
^Mllie T. Blake, and their children are Joseph B., Wadleigh B., Daniel
T. C., Elzada M., Robert R., and Ainslie H. Drummond.
TWOOD, CHARLES EDWARD, of Biddeford, Me., is the son
of Ira Atwood and Sarah Bigelow, and a descendant on
both sides of English ancestors who came to this country
in the Colonial period. His father was a farmer, a radical
and early Republican, and a firm friend and ardent admirer of Hon.
Hannibal Hamlin.
Mr. Atwood was born in St. Albans, Me., October 27, 1847, and was
58 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
reared on the paternal farm. He attended Oak Grove Seminary, a
well known Quaker school, and also Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's
Hill, Me. In 1868 lie became a commercial traveler in the furnishing
goods business, in which he continued until 1876, traveling in every
State in the Union from Maine to California. This business brought
him into contact with a very large and diversified class of people, ma-
terially broadened his intellectual and physical capacities, and en-
abled him to gain a valuable experience which has served him well
during his subsequent career.
In February, 1876, Mr. Atwood resigned his position as a traveling
salesman and removed to York County, Me., where he engaged in mer-
cantile business. He established a store in the City of Saco, taking up
his residence in Biddeford, and became one of the prominent mer-
chants in that section of the Pine Tree State. He is a man ever
ready to lend a helping hand to the deserving, generous and hospit-
able in all the relations of life, public spirited and enterprising,
prompt in promoting every worthy object, and esteemed and respected
by a wide circle of acquaintances.
In politics Mr. Atwood has always been a Republican and a valued
counselor of the party. As a member of the York County Republican
Committee and of the Biddeford City Republican Committee he
rendered most valuable service to both his party and community. In
1896 Governor Cleaves appointed him State Inspector of workshops,
factories, mines, and quarries, to which position he was re-appointed
by Governor Powers. To the duties of this office he brought the same
energy, ability, and sound judgment which have characterized his
entire business life. Mr. Atwood is a member of Saco Lodge, F. and
A. M., of York Chapter, R. A. M., and of Bradford Commandery, K. T.
In 1878 he married Emeline A. Burnham, of Biddeford, Me.
HAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWREXCE, LL.D., of Bruns-
wick, is one of the most distinguished men of Maine. As a
Brigadier-General and Brevet Major-General in the Civil
War, as Governor of his State, as President of Bowdoin
College, and in other public capacities he has long held a front rank
among the prominent and noted men of New England. He was
born in Brewer, near Bangor, Me., on the 8th of September,
1828, and is the son of Joshua and Sarah Dupee (Brastow) Cham-
berlain. His paternal ancestors, who came to this country from Eng-
land, traced their origin from Normandy, France. His great-grand-
father was an officer in the War of the Revolution ; his grandfather
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
59
was a Colonel in the war with England in 1812; and his father was a
Lieutenant-Colonel, second in command, of the American forces in the
northeastern boundary troubles known as the Aroostook War. On
the maternal side he is of Huguenot descent, his American ancestor in
this line being Jean Dupuis, who came to Boston from Rochelle,
France, in 1685.
General Chamberlain received his early education in the private
schools of his native town, under private tutors, and in Major Whit-
ing's Military Academy at Ellsworth, Me. His father desired him to
enter the army, and secured for him an appointment to the Military
Academy at West Point; but a mother's strong objections, and her
earnest wish that he should
prepare for the ministry in
the Congregational Church,
induced a compromise by his
consenting to fit himself to be
a missionary in some foreign
field, where his best energies
would be called into exercise.
Accordingly, he entered Bow-
doin College in 1848, and in
1852 was graduated with the
highest honors, having also
taken every prize then offered
in the college. Thereupon he
entered Bangor Theological
Seminary, where, in addition
to the regular course, he de-
voted himself to the Oriental
languages, in three of which
he took great interest, and
thereafter kept up daily study
until called to the field of
arms in 1862. Before grad-
uating from the seminary he
received invitations to settle
as a minister from three im-
portant churches; but the remarkable reception by the critics and the
public of his Master's Oration at Bowdoin College in 1855, on "Law and
Liberty," resulted in his being called to that college as instructor in
logic and in some of the branches of the Chair of Natural and Revealed
Religion, then just vacated by Professor Stowe. In 1856 he was elected
Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at Bowdoin, which chair he filled
JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN, LL.D.
60 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
until 1862. In the meantime (1857) he was partly relieved from the
proper duties of this chair and appointed instructor in the Modern
Languages of Europe, and in 1801 he was elected Professor in this de-
partment. In July, 1862, leave of absence was granted him to visit
Europe, to prosecute his studies; but the Civil War having become
serious, on the President's second call for troops he at once tendered
his services to the Government, and on the 8th of August, 1862, he en-
tered the army as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twentieth Kegiment,
Maine Volunteers. Thus his father's original intent was singularly
realized.
Inheriting military qualities and proclivities from a long line of
noted ancestors, Colonel Chamberlain readily and naturallj adapted
himself to the severe ordeal of being called suddenly to active service
and a responsible position in the midst of a great war, and at
its gravest crisis. He served continuously and conspicuously in the
Army of the Potomac until the end of the war, rising rapidly through
all the grades to the command of the First Division of the Fifth Army
Corps. Within a few months after enlistment he was Colonel of his
regiment. At Gettysburg, July 2, 1863, he held the extreme left flank
of the Union line; and his conduct upon that occasion, in the memo-
rable defense of Round Top, Avon for him both the admiration of the
army and public fame, and was recognized by the Government in the
bestowal of a medal of honor voted by Congress for " distinguished
personal gallantry." In August of that year he was placed in com-
mand of Butterfiehl's renowned old Light Brigade. Early in 1864 two
brigades of the old First Corps, formerly Doubleday's division, were
assigned to him as a Veteran Brigade in the Fifth Corps, to which was
added a fine new regiment from Pennsylvania. With this splendid
brigade he made the famous charge at Petersburg, June 18, in which
he wras desperately wounded, and where he was promoted by General
Grant on the field to the rank of Brigadier-General, for " gallant and
meritorious conduct " in leading his brigade in that terrible charge.
This action was ratified by the President and the Senate.
During the last campaign of the war General Chamberlain led the
advance of the infantry with Sheridan with two brigades; and his
command had the brilliant opening fight on the Quaker Road, March
29, 1865, where he was twice wounded, not seriously, but narrowly es-
caping with his life. His conduct here again drew the attention of the
Government, and he was promoted to the brevet rank of Major-Gen-
eral, " for conspicuous gallantry." In the action on the White Oak
Road, Virginia, March 31, 1865, he greatly distinguished himself by re-
covering a lost field, and in the battle of Five Forks he won special offl-
cialmention for hispromptitude and skillful handling of troops. Of the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 61
final action at Appomattox Court House, on the 9th of April, his corps
commander says : " General Chamberlain had the advance and was
driving the enemy rapidly before him when the flag of truce came in."
And at the formal surrender of Lee's army he was designated to com-
mand the parade before which that army laid down the arms and col-
ors of the Confederacy. It is characteristic of him that he received the
surrendering army with a salute of honor in that act. On the disband-
inent of the Army of the Potomac, General Chamberlain was one of
the few general officers retained in the service, and was assigned to
the Provisional Corps designed to go into Mexico to deal with the
French forces by which Maximilian was holding the country against
the wishes of the people and the protest of our Government. On the
re-organization of the regular army he was offered a Colonelcy, with
the brevet of Major-General, and with the privilege of retiring, on ac-
count of wounds, with the rank of Brigadier-General of the United
States Army. But the demand and motive for active service in the field
having now passed, and at that time suffering from several wounds,
he declined these honorable offers, and was mustered out of service
January 16, 18(>6. In his war experience he participated in more than
twenty hard-fought engagements, including many of the most famous
battles of the war, such as Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellors-
ville, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, the
North Anna, Petersburg, and Five Forks. He had five horses shot
under him, and was six times struck by bullet and shell, being twice
severely wounded, once so terribly that his life was despaired of and
his recovery was without precedent. From the effects of his wound he
has greatly suffered ever since and must severely suffer all his life, and
will at last, probably, fall. But his vigor of bearing and action are
such that his disabilities and sufferings are not ordinarily apparent to
others.
Retiring from the army, General Chamberlain was offered a choice
of several displomatic appointments abroad, but preferred to return
to Maine and resume his Professorship in Bowdoin College. In the
summer of that year, however, the people of Maine elected him Gov-
ernor of the State by the largest majority that had ever been given to
a candidate for that office. He was three times re-elected, and his
gubernatorial administration was made notable by several important
measures, among which were the settlement of the complicated ac-
counts of the State with the general government, growing out of the
raising of troops for the war; the procurement of payment of the old
joint war claim of Massachusetts and Maine, for advances in the War
of 1812; the opening of the European and North American Railroad;
the hydrographic survey of Maine: the planting of the Swedish colony
62 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
in Aroostook County; and other internal improvements. The tenor of
his State papers gave a start and needed impetus to public and local
interests; they were remarkable for their clear and complete presenta-
tion of State affairs, and were regarded as models of composition.
During his terms of office he had more than one opportunity of being
chosen to the United States Senate; but he was unwilling to allow
himself to be a candidate to displace either of the eminent men, Ham-
lin, Fessenden, and Morrill, who had adorned that position. His polit-
ical friends censured him, however, for this attitude, and many joined
themselves to other leaders who were willing to take care of them-
selves and their friends better.
General Chamberlain, on retiring from the governorship in 1871,
was elected President of Bowdoiu College, in which position he served
for twelve years, and by invitation of the boards continued his lectures
on Public Law for two years longer. His administration was marked
by an advance in the direction proposed by him in his inaugural ad-
dress, which was in effect to liberalize the college; to open its advan-
tages in all possible ways to the community, instead of shutting it in
for a few students in the conventional classical " curriculum "; to let
its light shine out; in short, to face it outward instead of inward. Un-
der the impulse of this spirit the college entered on a " new depar-
ture.'' President Chamberlain took immediate measures to secure a
mort< active interest in the college on the part of the alumni, and
through this a strong movement was made which resulted in bringing
in a large increase to the productive funds of the college, the comple-
tion of Memorial Hall and the reconstruction of other halls, the sup-
plying of additional means of instruction, the founding of new chairs,
and the inauguration of courses before lacking. In some of these he
gave the instruction himself, in addition to conducting the Depart-
ment of Mental and Moral Philosophy. In this effort to enlarge the
educational facilities and expand the scope of the college he secured
by his personal influence a detail of officers from the War Department
and the Coast and Geodetic Survey, who brought to the institution a
broadening element. Many important agencies were set in motion to
bring in funds and patronage. In all these ways a new and larger vi-
tality was stirred in the old college, some of the results of which ap-
pear in the breadth and vigor of its character at the present time.
Such arduous labors as those carried forward continuously for
twelve years could not fail to tell on General Chamberlain's already
impaired strength, and in 1883 he resigned the Presidency of Bowdoin.
In 1876 he was elected Major-General by the Legislature of Maine, and
by special order was placed in command of the entire military depart-
ment of the State. In the grave political troubles arising in January,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 63
1880, when for a considerable time there was no legal or acting civil
government, he was summoned to the capital " to preserve the prop-
erty and institutions of the State until a legal government could be
seated." Without assuming to decide the question of the legality of
any claims to government that were set up, he addressed himself to
the task of preserving the peace and maintaining the honor of the
State. Though urged with insistence and impatience by the political
leaders of that day to order out the troops, he steadily pursued his pur-
pose that the civil government of his State should go on without inter-
vention of military force. And he accomplished this, amid great
jealousies and antagonisms, without ordering out a single gun or a
single soldier, or making show of military force, though having at his
command the entire military power of the State. The State Capitol
was thronged with men armed to the teeth, among them adventurers
of all sorts from all quarters, and it may truly be said that he was the
only unarmed man on the scene. By his firmness, prudence, and com-
mand of public confidence he held the peace and honor of the State
inviolate amid the plots of desperate factions, often directed
against his wise measures and himself personally, and the imminent
danger of civil war. His masterly conduct in this crisis drew the ad-
miration of the whole country, if not the gratitude of his State.
General Chamberlain was appointed by the President in 1878 a com-
missioner to represent this country at the Universal Exposition in
Paris. For his Report on Education, as represented at the exposition,
he was awarded a medal of honor from the French Government. This
report was published as a Government document, and was pronounced
by Dr. John D. Philbrick, Director of the Educational Exhibit of the
United States, to be " the best original production on public schools
abroad that has been printed in America." In 1885, requiring a com-
plete change to life in the open air, he went to Florida as President
of the Florida West Coast Improvement Company, engaged in the
building of roads and hotels, the clearing out of river channels, and
finally the construction of the Silver Springs and Gulf Railroad. In
the latter work he was called to some novel experience, having occa-
sion to fit himself to obtain a license as Master and Pilot on the Gulf
Coast, and in this capacity he for a time had charge of a steamboat
running from Cedar Keys to Homosassa, the terminus of his road.
The money for these enterprises coming mostly from New York, he
spent a portion of his time in that city, where also he had ready com-
mand of the most skillful surgical treatment for attacks of his
wounds, which were often agonizing and dangerous. On completing
the railroad, which became part of the famous Plant System, he re-
turned to Maine in 1894, much improved in health.
64 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
An eloquent writer and orator, General Chamberlain has frequently
been called upon to give public addresses throughout the country. He
delivered the oration at the organization of the Society of the Army
of the Potomac in New York City in 1869, at a time when there was
bitter rivalry among partisans in the army; and the wonderful way in
which he brought peace and good will to the whole assembly, by his
just recognitions and broad sympathies, has made that service memo-
rable. At the founding of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion in
Philadelphia he gave the oration, the subject of which was " Loyalty,"
and his analysis of this sentiment, referring it to principles more vital
than constitutions or institutions, produced a profound and useful
effect. One of his most noted and elaborate addresses was that given
by invitation of the authorities on the occasion of the Centennial cele-
bration at Philadelphia in 1876, where he took for his subject " Maine :
Her Place in History." This was repeated on invitation before the
Legislature of Maine in 1877, and was afterward published and widely
circulated. Not less celebrated is his oration at the " Meade Memorial
Services " in the Academy of Music, Philadelphia, in 1880, before a
most distinguished audience, among others the President of the
United States, members of the Cabinet, Foreign Ministers, Senators
and Representatives of Congress, officers of the Army and Navy, and
many eminent citizens, on the theme, " The Sovereignty and Senti-
ment of Country," Avhich created a deep impression and was widely
published. His address at the dedication of the Maine monuments on
the battlefield of Gettysburg, on the. relations of " The State, the Na-
tion, and the People," attracted great attention; two editions of this
have already been published, and the State has now placed it at the
head of its beautiful and valuable volume on its service at Gettysburg.
His Memorial Day address given in Boston in 1893, on " Personal
and National Ideals," was a highly conceived and eloquent oration,
and attracted widespread attention for its nobility of sentiment and
elegance of diction. Of his memorial oration in Springfield, Mass., in
1887, upon the theme, " The Two Souls," the Springfield Republican
said: "A more remarkable discourse on such a theme has seldom, if
ever, been produced. In the future record of his work, nothing else
that General Chamberlain has said will take so high rank as this great
consideration of man's duty to his fellow-man." His five papers on the
Cuban question published in the Bangor A~cir.«, shortly before the
opening of the Spanish War, show his grasp of the principles of inter-
national law, his insight into the motives of human action, and his
conservative judgment on questions of public policy. His paper on
"American Ideals," published in New York in March, 1898, and his
memorial address in Brunswick, Me., in May of that year, on " The
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 65
New Nation," received high commendation for their profound moral
conception of the aims and ends of our National existence. It will be
perceived that the tendency of General Chamberlain's thought is to-
ward the great ethics of society and life. He has been urged to pre-
pare a more elaborate discussion of this problem, which will reach its
deepest reasons and relations. He is now (1900) preparing to publish
his memoirs of the last campaign of the Army of the Potomac, some
chapters of which have already been given as lectures with great ac-
ceptance.
In 1866 General Chamberlain received the honorary degree of Doc-
tor of Laws from the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1869 Bowdoin
College conferred upon him a similar honor. He was elected, in 1880,
a member of a literary and educational society in Paris and an asso-
ciate of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain, known as the Vic-
toria Institute.
He was married in December, 1855, to Miss Frances Caroline Adams,
who was born in Boston, and is a lineal descendant on her mother's
side of Mabel Harlekenden, conspicuous in early Colonial history as
the " Princess of New England," being of royal lineage, directly de-
scended from Joan of Beaufort and Ealph Neville, to which line nearly
all the monarchs of Europe are related. His wife's ancestors, like his
own, were meritorious soldiers in the wars of their times. He has two
children : Grace Dupee, wife of Hon. Horace G. Allen, of Boston; and
Harold Wyllys Chamberlain, a graduate of Bowdoin in 1881, recently
a successful lawyer in Ocala, Florida, but now interested in inventions
and a solicitor of patents, residing in Brunswick, Me.
IKI), MAYNAKD S., Treasurer and General Manager of the
Eastern Telephone Company and proprietor of the May-
nard S. Bird Insurance Agency, of Eockland, Me., was born
in that town July 16, 1869, being the son of Sidney M. Bird
and Annie Hurd. His father is a prominent wholesale grocer in
Rockland, a Director in several corporations, and a member of the
Governor's Council. His paternal grandfather was an early settler
in Thomaston, now Rockland. where he was a leading merchant and
shipowner, establishing in 1832 the store now conducted by his son,
Sidney M. His grandmother was a daughter of John Gregory, and a
direct descendant of one of the Pilgrim families who became pioneer
settlers of Maine, where they have ever since resided.
Mr. Bird attended the public schools of his native town and Phillips
66 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, and after completing his studies
entered his father's store. Subsequently he was admitted to the
directorship of the John Bird Company. In June, 1893, he organized
the insurance firm of Kice, Bird & Barney, of which he is now the sole
owner and manager. This is the largest and most successful insur-
ance agency in the county.
As a Republican Mr. Bird has been active and influential in party
affairs. He has been a member of the Republican City Committee of
Rockland since 1897, and has represented his district in the Maine
Legislature, serving on the Committee on Railroads, Telegraphs, and
Expresses. He is a Director of the John Bird Company, Treasurer and
General Manager of the Eastern Telephone Company, and a member
of the Central Club of Rockland and of the Phi Kappa Delta Society
of Phillips Exeter Academy.
September 9, 1891, he married Mary E. Hawkins, of Vineland, N. J.
They have one son, Milton Hawkins Bird.
ROWX, JOHN BUNDY, long a prominent banker of Port-
land, Me., was born in Lancaster, N. H., May 31, 1805, and
was the sou of Titus Olcott and Susannah (Bundy) Brown.
The family moved from Lancaster and lived for some years
in Gray and later in Norway, Me.
Young BroAvn was for a time a clerk in the wholesale grocery es-
tablishment of Alpheus Shaw, of Portland, but soon engaged in busi-
ness for himself, associating with him a young man from Shaw's store.
This partnership continued for many years.
In 1855 Mr. Brown organized the Portland Sugar Company, for the
purpose of making sugar from molasses. This corporation was very
successful, increasing its works and its business, and at the time of
the fire of 1866 was employing nearly one thousand people and turn-
ing out five hundred barrels of sugar a day. Shortly after the fire he
engaged in the commission business under the firm name of J. B.
Brown & Sons, which gradually assumed a banking character, and
finally led to the establishment of the present banking house.
Early in his career Mr. Brown became interested in real estate and
invested largely, and with good judgment as to location, in property
which doubled in value on his hands. He was very public spirited,
and there is hardly an enterprise which now benefits the City of Port-
land or the State of Maine that did not receive the advantage of his
contributions and advice. Pie was one of the original incorporators
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 67
of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad (now a division of the
Grand Trunk Kail way), and \vas for many years interested in the
Maine Central and Portland and Ogdensburg Railroads. He was a
Director in the Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth Kailroad, the Port-
land Company, the Boiling Mills Company, the Kerosene Oil Com-
pany, the Maine Steamship Company, and the First National Bank,
and President of the Portland Savings Bank at the time of his death,
svhich occurred January 10, 1881, being the result of a fall on an icy
sidewalk, rupturing a blood vessel at the base of the brain. Business
of all kinds in Portland was generally suspended on the day of his
funeral. It was a noteworthy fact that a large number of working-
men applied for admission to the church where the funeral service
was held in order to show their esteem and respect for the man who
had done so much for their class. Leading citizens were the pall-
bearers, and among the mourners were Mr. Brown's associates in the
various railway companies, business corporations, aud charitable and
educational institutions in which he took so lively, active, and con-
stant an interest.
In politics Mr. Brown was originally a Whig, and was elected to the
Senate of the State of Maine in 1856. He was one of the original
founders of the Republican party in the State, and was chosen and
accepted the Presidency of the first Republican Club in Portland,
alienating by this act some of his early political associates. He was
one of the Presidential Electors for Maine in 1860, and was closely
identified with the party throughout the remainder of his life.
Mr. Brown was married in 1830 to Ann Matilda Greely. They had
five children : Philip Henry Brown, Matilda Brown, James Olcott
Brown, John Marshall Brown, and Ellen Greely Brown. The sons
were all graduated from Bowdoin College.
KOWN, JOHN MARSHALL, a leading banker of Portland,
Me., and a distinguished veteran of the Civil War, is the
son of John Bundy Brown and Ann Matilda Greely, and
was born in Portland in 1839. He was educated at Port-
land Academy, at Gould's Academy in Bethel, Me., at Phillips An-
dover Academy in Massachusetts, and at Bowdoin College, graduat-
ing from the latter institution in the class of 1860. He then studied
law, but the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion aroused his pa-
triotic ardor and led him to enlist in the Union Army.
On the 29th of August, 1862, Mr. Brown was commissioned First
68 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Lieutenant and Adjutant in the Twentieth Regiment Maine Volun-
teers, and was ordered at once to the front, participating in the bat-
tles of Antietaui and Fredericksburg. He was detailed for staff duty,
served with distinction in the battle of Chancellorsville, and was ap-
pointed Acting Assistant Adjutant-General on General Ayres's staff.
In June, 1863, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Assistant Ad-
jutant-General of Volunteers, with rank of Captain, and ordered to
report to General Ames, then in command of the First Brigade, Bar-
low's Division, Eleventh Corps. He served in the battle of Beverly
Ford, where General Ames commanded a temporary division selected
from the army for co-operation with the cavalry, and then rejoined
the corps on the movement to Gettysburg. July 1, General Barlow
having been severely wounded, General Ames took command of the
division. In his report of the operations of his troops he says:
" Capt. J. M. Brown, my Assistant Adjutant-General, rendered most
valuable services during the three days' fighting; with great coolness
and energy he ably seconded my efforts in repelling the assault made
by the enemy on the evening of the 2d." Having been assigned with
his brigade to Gordon's division, Captain Brown was ordered to South
Carolina and there participated in the siege of Fort Wagner and the
movement on John's Island. February 22 the brigade was ordered to
Florida. On March 26, 1864, he was promoted to be Lieutenant-Col-
onel, Thirty-second Regiment Maine Volunteers. He commanded his
regiment at Totopotomy and Cold Harbor and the preliminary move-
ments at Petersburg, where, on June 12, he was severely, and at the
time thought mortally, wounded. September 23, 1864, he was
discharged " on account of physical disability from wounds received
in action." He was brevetted Colonel " for distinguished gallantry
in the battle of Gettysburg, Pa.," and again " for gallant and merito-
rious services in the battles before Petersburg, Va.," and also Briga-
dier-General " for gallant and meritorious services during the war."
Shortly after leaving the service, General Brown entered the firm
of J. B. Brown & Sous, managers and owners of the Portland (Me.)
Sugar Company. In 1865 he was elected a member of the Common
Council of Portland and a member of the School Committee. In 1867
he visited Europe, having been appointed Commissioner to the Paris
Exposition.
In politics General Brown has always been a leading, enthusiastic,
and influential Republican. He served on the staff of Governor
Chamberlain as Aid-de-Camp and Inspector-General, and later as As-
sistant Adjutant-General, Division Inspector, Colonel of the First
Regiment, and Brigadier-General, commanding the First Brigade.
His resignation of his commission of Brigadier-General was accepted
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 69
June 5, 1887, by Governor Eobie, in General Orders, in which he
speaks of " his eminent services in the interest of the Maine Volunteer
Militia." In 1893 he was appointed, by Governor Cleaves, as one of
the commission for revising the military code. He was a member of
the Legislature of Maine during the sessions of 1899 and 1900.
General Brown was one of the charter members of the Maine Com-
mandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and is one of the
Council-in-chief of the Order for the United States. He was one of
the founders and the first President of the Portland Army and Navy
Union, and was President of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument As-
sociation and delivered the address on the occasion of the completion
and surrender of the monument to the City of Portland. He was
President of the Maine Agricultural Society in 1878, was for twenty-
five years an Overseer of Bowdoin College, and was for six years Presi-
dent of the board. He is a lay deputy from Maine to the General
Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States
and the lay member from Maine of the Missionary Council. He is one
of the Governing Committee of the Maine Historical Society, has con-
tributed several papers to its collections, and is a corresponding mem-
ber of the Historical Societies of Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
New York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. He is also a member of
the Board of Managers of the National Home for Diseased Volunteer
Soldiers.
TEVENS, GREENLIEF THUKLOW, of Augusta, Me., Judge
of the Probate and Insolvency Court for Kennebec County,
was born in Belgrade, Kennebec County, Me., August 20,
1831, being the youngest son of Daniel and Mahala (Smith)
Stevens. He sprang from early and patriotic stock. His grand-
father, William Stevens, was a Revolutionary soldier, and came from
Lebanon, York County, and settled in Kennebec County in the year
1796, and on the farm, then a wilderness, where Judge Stevens was
born. His father, Daniel Stevens, was also a soldier, and was sta-
tioned with his regiment, for a time, at Castine, Me., in the War of
1812. The Judge is a maternal grandson of Chloa (Clark) Smith, the
first white female child born on the territory which was afterward
ancient Ilallowell, which HOAV includes the present cities of Hallowell
and Augusta.
Judge Stevens was ediicated in the public schools of his native
town, at Titcomb Belgrade Academy, and at Litchfield (Me.) Liberal
Institute. He taught school with marked success several years, aft-
72 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
partial change in their front. This was promptly and handsomely
executed under the direction of Brigadier-General Wheaton, com-
manding the First Brigade. The success of the enemy, however, was
but momentary. He was promptly met, held in check, and finally re-
pulsed by several batteries, prominent among which was Stevens's
(Maine) Battery of light twelve-pounders, of the corps and troop of
the First Division."1
In describing the closing hour in this engagement, after the enemy
had been repulsed and driven back in the earlier part of the day, Gen-
eral Wheaton reported :
" With little difficulty we advanced to the brick house on the north
side of the pike and at the foot of the slope east of Winchester. A
severe artillery fire was here encountered, and here some of the en-
emy's infantry seemed inclined to delay for a short time our advance.
Sending to General Getty for a battery to confront the one that was
giving us so destructive a fire, I soon had Captain Stevens's (Fifth
Maine) Battery trotting up to our support. From the moment it
opened our forward movement was without opposition, and the enemy
could be seen in the distance running, routed, to the rear in the di-
rection of the Winchester and Strasburg Pike. Our men were wild
with delight at this evidence of their glorious success, and could be
hardly restrained and kept in the ranks."2
Said General C. H. Tompkins, Chief of Artillery of the Sixth Army
Corps: " However trying the circumstances, Captain Stevens has al-
ways been found equal to the occasion."
At the close of the war Major Stevens was mustered out of the
United States service, with his battery, July 6, 1865, having served
three years and five months. This battery lost more men in killed
and wounded in the three great battles of Chancellorsville, Gettys-
burg, and Cedar Creek than any other battery in a like number of
battles in the War of the Rebellion, either volunteer or regular.3
After the war Major Stevens turned to his profession and
opened a law office at West Waterville, now Oakland, Me., where he
had a lucrative practice, being engaged in nearly every case in that
vicinity. In 1874 he was appointed Assistant Judge-Advocate-Gen-
eral on the Governor's staff and held that position during Governor
Dingley's administration. In 1875 he represented Waterville and
West Waterville in the Maine Legislature, serving on the Judiciary
Committee. He was promoted to the State Senate in 1877, serving as
Chairman of the Committee on Legal Affairs and also as a member of
' Rebellion Records, Part I, vol. 43, p. 192.
2 Rebellion Records, Part I, vol. 43, p. 198.
3 See Rrffnni'ntal /,o.\-.w.v in the Awt'ririiu Cirii U'trr, by William H. Fox, pp. 403 and 404.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 73
the Committees on Railroads and Military Affairs. Re-elected State
Senator in 1878, he was appointed Senate Chairman of the Committee
on the Judiciary. In 1882 he was re-commissioned Colonel and as-
signed to duty as Chief-of-Staff, First Division, Maine Militia, under
Major-General Joshua L. Chamberlain.
Colonel Stevens is a member of the Maine Gettysburg Commission
and Treasurer and Secretary of the Executive Committee of that com-
mission, taking an active part in procuring and locating the Maine
monuments on that historic field. In 1888 he was elected Sheriff of
Kennebec County and was re-elected to that position in 1890. The ad-
ministration of the affairs of that important office and his manage-
ment of the criminal department was characterized by economy, effi-
ciency, and good judgment. In September, 1892, he was elected
Judge of the Probate and Insolvency Court for Kennebec County,
and was re-elected in 1896, a position which he now holds. In re-
ligious preference he is a Unitarian and in politics a strong Republi-
can, taking at times an active part in the political campaigns in his
native State.
Judge Stevens was married March 25, 1856, to Mary Ann Yeaton, a
schoolmate of his youth and daughter of Richard Yeaton, 2d, an en-
terprising citizen of Belgrade, Me. They have had four children:
Jessie, Don Carlos, Ala, and Rupert, of whom only one, Don Carlos,
is living. He is now Librarian of the Millicent Library at Fairhaven,
Mass.
ALE, CLARENCE, of Portland, is one of the best known law-
yers and forcible public speakers in the State of Maine. He
was born in Turner, Me., April 15, 1848, and is the son of
James Sullivan and Betsey (Staples) Hale. The Hale fam-
ily in America are descended from Thomas Hale, who came from
Hertfordshire, England, to this country in 1635, settling in Newbury,
Essex County, Mass. David Hale, a descendant, removed from Old
Newbury, Mass., to Turner, Me., where he became a farmer and re-
sided until his death. This farm has been in the possession of the fam-
ily since that period. James Sullivan Hale, father of Clarence Hale,
Avas born upon this farm and folloAved the occupation of farming. His
wife Avas also descended from one of the oldest families in the State.
They are parents of a remarkable family. Eugene Hale, the oldest
son, is one of the most prominent of the public men of America, and
since 1881 has represented Maine in the United States Senate. Hor-
71 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tense married Dr. John T. Gushing'. Frederick, a lawyer of standing,
died in 1868. Augusta became the wife of Hon. George Gift'ord,
United States Consul to Basle, Switzerland.
Clarence Hale was fitted for college in the public schools and at
Norway Academy, and was graduated with honors from BoAvdoin
College in 1869. Deciding upon the profession of law, he became a
student in the office of his brother, Hon. Eugene Hale, of Augusta,
and was also under the tutelage of L. A. Emery, of Ellsworth, who has
since became a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. Mr.
Hale was admitted to practice in 1870, and since 1871 has directed his
entire attention to his profession in Portland, establishing one of the
largest law practices in the State, making a specialty of corporation
law, and acting as the attorney for some of the largest corporations in
New England. He has been identified with some of the leading finan-
cial and business institutions, being a Director in the Portland Na-
tional Bank, the Consolidated Electric Light Company, and many
other business establishments.
Politically, Mr. Hale has never sought office, but has always been
an active Eepublican and one of the trusted advisers of party leaders.
He is one of the best orators in the party, and his voice has been heard
in every campaign since 1872. He has a genial and magnetic presence,
which, with his scholarly attainments and logical mind, makes him a
potent, and convincing force before a court or jury or as a public
speaker. He is fond of literature and literary and historical work,
having one of the largest and most carefully selected libraries in the
State, but he devotes the great portion of his time to his profession.
He is a member of the Maine Historical Society and of the Cumberland
and Portland Clubs.
Mr. Hale served the City of Portland as City Solicitor for three
years, and left a most honorable record of duty for efficiency and
thoroughness of purpose. From 1883 to 1885 he was a member of the
State Legislature, leaving a record of hard work, and as one of the
valued members of the Judiciary Committee. This briefly is the
record of his public service, but should his business or inclination per-
mit, his neighbors and associates agree that his well known abilities,
popularity, and attributes of leadership would elevate him to any
office in the gift of the people. His tastes, however, are altogether
in the line of his profession.
Mr. Hale was married in 1880 to Margaret, daughter of Hon. Frank-
lin J. Rollins, of Portland, for many years Collector of Internal Rev-
enue for the Maine District. They have two children : Katharine and
Robert.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
75
INGLEY, NELSON, of Maine, was for many years one of the
most distinguished figures in our National Government, and
for more than a generation exerted a powerful influence in
shaping both State and Federal legislation. Springing
from sturdy New England stock, he inherited the characteristics of a
Puritan ancestry, and even as a boy displayed those attributes which
brought him into prominence as one of
the noted statesmen of his time. From
about the age of ten until his death he
kept a diary — a daily record of his life—
and in 1874 he published, privately, a
little volume, entitled An Autobiography
of Nelson Dingley, Jr., which contains
the following dedication :
" To My Dear Father, Whose Life Is
Still Graciously Spared, and the Mem-
ory of My Dear Mother, Who Has
Passed to That Better Land Where I
Hope to Join Her When My Life-work
is Done,
" This autobiographical sketch, con-
densed from my diary by the request of
family friends, and intended sole-
ly for their tender inspection, is most affectionately dedicated."
The first paragraphs of this simple domestic story, from Mr. Dingley's
own pen, read :
" I was born in the town of Durham, then Cumberland, now Andro-
scoggin County, Maine, February 15, 1832. The house in which I first
saw the light was my Grandfather Lambert's, a one-and-a-half-story
cottage farmhouse, situated on the road from Auburn (then Goff's Cor-
ner) to the South West Bend, near the Androscoggin River. It was the
first house in Durham on the river road, and although rearranged and
improved since, is now (1874) substantially the same as then. Here
my mother, Jane Lambert, was born August 6, 1809. Here she passed
her girlhood. Here my mother and father, Nelson Dingley (who was
born in Danville, November 15, 1809), were married in the early part of
1831, and here my parents made their home for nearly the first two years
of their wedded life.
" My father was away from home engaged in peddling much of these
first two years, and during one of his trips he purchased a farm in Park-
man, Piscataquis County, about a mile from the Corner, so-called, with
a view of making it his home. In the dead of the winter, 1833, when I
NELSON DINULEY.
76 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
was nearly a year old, my parents removed from Durham to their new
home in Parkman. Father drove the two-horse team containing all the
worldly goods of my dear parents, the value of which could hardly have
exceeded a few hundred dollars?. My uncle, William Dingley, then a
boy of nineteen, drove the horse and sleigh in which rode dear mother,
holding me in her arms. The distance was over a hundred miles, and
the journey cold and wearisome."
The ancestor of the Dingley family in America was Jacob Dingley,
born in 1608, who came from England to Lynn, Mass., in 1637, and soon
removed to Sandwich on Cape Cod, whence he and two associates went
to Marshfield, Mass., in 1640. Jacob's son, John, was a blacksmith and
farmer in Marshfield, and died in 1658, leaving a farm which has ever
since been known as the Dingley homestead. Of his five children, one,
Mary, married a son of Captain Miles Staudish. Jeremiah Dingley, a
descendant of Jacob, and the grandfather of Congressman Dingley, died
in Auburn, Maine, February 14, 1869, aged ninety years. His wife was
Lucy Garcelon. Their second son and third child was Nelson Dingley,
Sr., a merchant and a member of the Maine Senate, who died at Auburn,
Maine, August 3, 1897, in his eighty-eighth year. By his wife, Jane
Lambert, he had two sons — Nelson, Jr., born in Durham on February
15, 1832, and Frank, born in Unity, Maine, February 7, 1840.
Nelson Dingley, Jr., the subject of this memoir, was six years old when
his parents removed from Parkman to Unity, Maine. There he spent
his boyhood, attending the district schools, and working in his father's
store. The solid foundation of his English training was laid by his
mother, who was a school teacher before her marriage, and who drilled
him especially in spelling. In 1846 he engaged as a member of the
Unity Washingtonian Society in debating the negative side of the ques-
tion : " Whether Alcohol Is Necessary as Medicine," and thencefor-
ward took a foremost part in all local exercises in which a boy could
participate. AVhen sixteen he taught his first school in the village of
China, receiving fifty cents a day and " boarding round." He fitted for
college at Waterville Academy, under Professor Hanson, and while
there organized a debating society, in which he was the moving spirit.
July 25, 1851, he entered Waterville College, which he left in March,
L854, to enter Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated at the
head of the class of 1855, his graduating theme being " The Progressive
March of Humanity." In the meantime several incidents of interest
transpired. As a delegate from Unity, he attended, in 1852, his first
State Convention. In December, 1853, his parents moved to Auburn,
and in the following winter he taught school at his former home in
Unity. In June, 1854, he began his journalistic career as a contributor
to the Lewiston Journal, and in August he attended a Whig and Free
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 77
Soil convention in that city, for which ticket he cast his first vote Sep-
tember 11. On November 15, of the same year, he assumed editorial
charge of the Journal, and on September 17, 1855, began the study of
law at Auburn with Judge Morrill. About that time he was elected
a member of the Auburn School Committee. May 31, 1856, he deliv-
ered at Lewiston his first public address, in which he condemned the
Kansas outrages, and on June 11 he was admitted to the Maine bar at
Augusta.
Mr. Dingley then made a Western trip, and on returning to Lewiston,
September 16, 1858, purchased a one-half interest in the Journal. He
took a leading part in the Fremont campaign and in the organization
of the Republican party, and about this period became a conspicuous
factor in local and State politics. In 1860 he was elected a representa-
tive to the State Legislature from Auburn, and in the session beginning
January, 1862, frequently occupied the Speaker's chair, in the absence
of the Speaker, James G. Blaine. In January, 1863, he returned to the
Legislature, and was chosen Speaker, a position to which he was unan-
imously re-elected in 1864. He was again a member of the Maine Leg-
islature from Lewiston in 1865, 1868, and 1873, and in the former year,
having declined the Speakership, presented resolves in favor of a con-
stitutional amendment abolishing slavery, which were passed. During
the war he was an active and ardent supporter of Lincoln's administra-
tion and a member of the Lewiston Light Infantry, and between 1860
and 1873 frequently lectured in various parts of the State, took a lively
part in all the political campaigns, and presided at many temperance,
political, and other conventions, including the Congregational State
Conference. September 8, 1873, he was elected Governor of Maine by
an overwhelming Republican Legislature, and was re-elected in 1874 by
a majority of about 11,000. He declined a third nomination in 1876,
but in that year was a delegate-at-large from Maine to the Republican
National Convention, where he served on the Committee on Resolutions
and as one of the sub-committee of five who drafted the platform. Par-
ticipating in the Presidential campaign of 1876, and in the State cam-
paigns of 1877, 1878, and 1879, he was chairman of the Republican Ex-
ecutive Committee of Maine in 1879-80, and rendered valuable and ef-
fective service in the interests of his party.
In 1881 Mr. Dingley was nominated by the Republicans of the 2d Con-
gressional District of Maine to fill the vacancy in Congress caused by
the resignation of Hon. William P. Frye, and was elected by over 5,000
majority — a majority nearly twice as large as ever before given to any
candidate in that district. By successive re-elections he continued to
serve as a member of Congress until his death, which occurred at Wash-
ington, D. C., January 13, 1899. He made his first speech in the House
78 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
on April 25, 1882, on " Protection to American Shipping," and in Au-
gust was appointed on a joint committee to investigate American ship-
building and ship-owning interests. The result was a bill framed by
him, and during its consideration he made a speech on the " Revival of
American Shipping " which placed him among the front ranks of Con-
gressmen, and gave him a national reputation which he maintained
until his death.
It is impossible in this brief space to follow Mr. Dingley's Congres-
sional career in detail. He served on the Committees on Banking and
Currency and others, and as Chairman of the Ways and Means Commit-
tee was for many years the floor leader of the Republican majority of the
House, even declining the portfolio of Secretary of the Treasury in Pres-
ident McKinley's Cabinet to remain in that position. Under his leader-
ship the House, within sixteen days after the Fifty-fifth Congress was
convened in extraordinary session on March 15, 1897, passed a bill re-
vising the tariff. In his labors on the revision of the tariff, which bore
fruit in the ultimate enactment of the Dingley law, the practical tri-
umph of his principles and the climax of his success was in the Confer-
ence Committee in which he prevailed, by his great knowledge of the
subject, by his unique hold upon the details of the bill under discussion,
and his ability in short arm debate in which he had no leader in the Na-
tional House.
His temperament was in the largest sense democratic. He was not
an orator, for he lacked the physical presence and voice, but he was al-
ways listened to with unfailing attention. Possessing a logical mind,
he had a wonderful faculty of presenting an argument, and was one of
the best informed men of his time. He made a remarkable success of
the Lewiston Journal, of which he was the chief editor from 1856, and
president of the Lewiston Journal Company at the time of his death,
Frank L. Dingley being treasurer. He united with the Congregational
Church when about twenty years of age, and often presided at the Maine
Congregational conferences, took an active part in the discussions, and
rendered notable service at the National conferences of that denomina-
tion. As a journalist he possessed great simplicity of diction, clearness
of argument, and complete candor. As a statesman he displayed rare
tact and wisdom, a broad and accurate knowledge of governmental
affairs, and wonderful moral conviction, intellectual culture, and com-
prehensive specialism. He was a founder of Bates College in 1863, and
continuously a member of its Board of Trustees.
In 1857 Mr. Dingley married Miss Salome McKenney, who survives
him. Of their six children, Charles died in 1862 at the age of two years.
The others are Henry M., of Lewiston, Maine; Edward N. and Arthur
H., journalists, of Kalamazoo, Mich.; Albert G., of Denver, Col.; and
Edith.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
79
OAR, GEORGE FRISBIE, United States Senator from Mas-
sachusetts since 1877, was born in Concord, Mass., August
29, 1826. His father, Hon. Samuel Hoar, was a member of
the State Constitutional Convention of 1820, State Senator,
and Representative in Congress from March, 1835, to March, 1837, and
in 1844, as a Commissioner from Massachusetts, proceeded to Charles-
ton, S. C., to test in the
courts the constitutional-
ity of certain local laws
involving the rights and
privileges of the colored
people. So intense, how-
ever, was southern feeling
and discussion Avith re-
gard to slavery that he
was compelled to return
North without accom-
plishing the purposes of
his mission. Senator Hoar
is descended from John
Hoar, of Middlesex Coun-
ty, Mass., a son of the
original immigrant ances-
tor of the family and a
brother of Leonard Hoar,
the third president of Har-
vard College. This John
Hoar distinguished him-
self as the rescuer of Mrs.
Rowlandson from the In-
dian allies of King Philip.
His great-grandson, Jona-
than Hoar, who died in
1771, was graduated from Harvard in 1740, served as a soldier in the at-
tacks on Louisburg in 1745 and 1758, and won royal recognition and
the governorship of Newfoundland. He was a brother of Senator
Hoar's great-grandfather. The mother of Senator Hoar was Sarah,
daughter of Roger Sherman, one of the Signers of the Declaration of
Independence from Connecticut; and through his maternal line the
Senator is a cousin of Hon. William M. Evarts, Secretary of State
under President Hayes and formerly United States Senator from New
York, and a first cousin of Hon. Roger S. Baldwin, Governor and
United States Senator, of Connecticut.
GEORGE FRISBIE HOAR.
80 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
George Frisbie Hoar thus traces his ancestry back through some of
the most distinguished families in New England, whose activities date
from the earliest Colonial period. But to these advantages he added
a thorough education, pursuing his preparatory studies at Concord
(Mass.) Academy and graduating from Harvard College in the class of
1846. Among his classmates were Charles Eliot Norton, George M.
Lane, and Charles Short, all eminent professors; Fitz Edward Hall, the
philologist; George S. Choate and Calvin Ellis, physicians; Professor
Francis J. Child, the distinguished scholar; Nathan Webb, the jurist;
and William T. Harris, the antiquary. Mr. Hoar was graduated LL.B.
from the Harvard Law School in 1849, in a class of thirty-seven, which
included Judge Horace Gray and Congressman Benjamin W. Harris.
He had previously read law with his brother, Hon. Ebenezer Eockwood
Hoar, of Concord, Mass., and in August, 1849, he went to Worcester and
continued his studies with Hon. Benjamin Franklin Thomas, an Asso-
ciate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court from 1853
to 1859.
Mr. Hoar was admitted to the bar in December, 1849. On June 8,
1852, he formed a copartnership with Hon. Emory Washburn, which
was dissolved in January, 1854, when Mr. Washburn became Governor
of the Commonwealth. In 1857 Mr. Hoar associated himself with J.
Henry Hill and Charles Devens, Jr. Mr. Hill withdrew in 1859, and
the other two partners continued in the firm until the breaking out of
the War of the Rebellion. Mr. Hoar's law office has always been in
Worcester.
In 1852 he began his public life as a member of the lower House of
the Massachusetts Legislature and as Chairman of the Committee on
Probate and Chancery. In 1857 he was a member of the State Senate
and Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. In 1868 he was elected as
a Republican to the Forty-first Congress, and was re-elected four times
to succeed himself, having originally succeeded Hon. John D. Bald-
win, long the editor of the Worcester Spy. During these four terms in
Congress Mr. Hoar served on such committees as Education and Labor,
Elections, Revision of Laws, Judiciary, and Railways and Canals. He
was also one of the commission which decided the famous disputed
presidential election of 1876, Chairman of the Special Committee to in-
vestigate the validity of the so-called Kellogg government and the elec-
tion of State officers in Louisiana, and one of the managers of the Bel-
knap impeachment proceedings before the Senate.
Mr. Hoar declined another nomination to the National House in
1876, and became a candidate for United States Senator to succeed
Hon. George S. Boutwell, and after a lively contest was elected Jan-
uary 19, 1877. He took his seat in March following, and by three re-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. §1
elections has ever since held the office, his present (fourth) term ex-
piring March 3, 1901. Taking from the first a prominent part in the
deliberations and discussions of the Senate, as he had in the House,
he has served upon nearly all the leading committees, including those
on Claims, Agriculture, Patents, Privileges and Elections, Library,
Judiciary, Woman Suffrage, etc., and the special committees on Fish-
eries, Immigration, Centennial of the Constitution, Special Relations
with Nicaragua and Canada, Alleged Frauds in Elections, and others.
Of the Judiciary Committee he succeeded Hon. George F. Edmunds, of
Vermont, as Chairman. Among his extended addresses in the House
and Senate may be mentioned the following : On the proposition to
afford government aid to William and Mary College of Virginia, 1872;
Interstate Commerce, 1874; Jurisdiction in Impeachment (in the
famous Secretary Belknap case), May 6, 1876; Political Condition of
the South, August 9, 1876; Presentation of the Statues of Samuel
Adams and John Winthrop, December 19, 1876; Counting the Electoral
Vote, January 25, 1877; Suffrage, February 5, 1879; Threatened Usur-
pation, March 25, 1879; Geneva" A ward, March 1, 1880; On Mr. Hill of
Georgia, March 14, 1881; Chinese Immigration, March 1, 1882; Na-
tional Bankrupt Law, 1882; National Government and Domestic Com-
merce, July 1, 1884; The Senate and the President, June 30, 1886; At-
lantic and Pacific Ship Railway, 1887; Fisheries Treaty, July 10, 1888;
Shall the Senate keep faith with the People? August 20, 1890; United
States Elections, December 30, 1890; Taxing Power, January 16-17,
1893; Election of Senators by direct Vote (which he opposes), 1893;
Gold and Silver, 1893; Executive Usurpation, 1893; A New England
Town (Southbridge), 1894; Sectional Attack on our Industries, 1894;
Foreign Relations, 1896; Protection, 1896. Mr. Hoar's speeches on
such subjects as Arbitration, Tariff, Woman Suffrage, National Ex-
pansion, etc., are still fresh in the minds of his countrymen.
Senator Hoar has been an active leader of the Republican party in
Massachusetts for nearly a generation, and for many years has been
one of its foremost leaders in the United States. He presided over the
Republican State Conventions in 1871, 1877, 1882, and 1885, and in
1894 drafted the party platform. He was a delegate to the Repub-
lican National Convention at Cincinnati in 1876, and to those at Chi-
cago in 18SO, 1884, and 1888, serving on the last three occasions as
Chairman of the Massachusetts delegation, and in 1880 as presiding
officer of the convention which nominated Garfield for President. As
an orator, he enjoys a national reputation. He has delivered historical
addresses at the centennial celebration of the opening of the Great
Northwest at Marietta, Ohio, April 7, 1888; at the presentation of the
statue of Daniel Webster by the State of New Hampshire to the Na-
82 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tion's gallery; at the 275th anniversary of the Landing of the Pilgrims
at Plymouth; at the bi-centennial celebration of the city of Worcester,
Mass., in 1884; and at various other important gatherings. In Con-
gress he has been the Chairman of the Committee on Woman Suffrage,
which he has advocated for many years. He also advocated the adop-
tion of the Prohibitory Amendment in Massachusetts in 1889. " The
same principles which placed his father, himself and brother in the
ranks of the Anti-Slavery party, have made him a sturdy defender of
the oppressed, of whatever race, creed, or sex." ^^"llile in Europe he
was instrumental, as the agent of this country, in securing the return
of that valuable document, Bradford's Manuscript History of " Pli-
mouth Plantation," which, on May 26, 1897, was rendered back to
Massachusetts, after more than a century's absence, by the late Hon.
Thomas F. Bayard, former United States Minister to Great Britain.
On this notable occasion Senator Hoar delivered one of his best
speeches on record, closing with this allusion to the ancient manu-
script : " Massachusetts will preserve it until the time shall come that
her children are unworthy of it, and that time shall come — never! "
Senator Hoar is a scholar, a philanthropist, and a statesman, a man
of broad culture and great depth and breadth of character, and a citi-
zen distinguished for his public and private achievements, for his
manly courage, and his profound learning and remarkable ability. He
is Vice-President of the National Audubon Society, and wrote the fa-
mous " Petition of the Birds," which he sent to the Massachusetts
Legislature in May, 1897, and upon which was founded a law providing
for the more adequate care and keeping of the feathered songsters. He
is also a member of the American Historical Society; of the American
Antiquarian Society, of which he has been President, succeeding
Stephen Salisbury and being succeeded by the second Stephen Salis-
bury in that office; of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College, from
which he received the honorary degree of LL.D. ; and of the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the
New England Historic Genealogical Society, and the Virginia His-
torical Society, in all of which he is a trustee. He is a corresponding
member of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, and has the de-
gree of LL.D. from Amherst, Yale, and William and Mary Colleges,
as well as Harvard.
In 1853 Mr. Hoar married Miss Mary Louisa Spurr, of Worcester,
who died a few days later. In 1862 he married Miss Kuth Ann Miller,
also of Worcester. He has a son and a daughter, the former being a
graduate of Harvard, a practicing lawyer in Worcester, and Judge Ad-
vocate-General on the staff of Governor Roger Wolcott.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
83
ROCTOR, REDFIELD, United States Senator from Vermont
and Secretary of War in President Harrison's Cabinet,
comes from a long line of sturdy English ancestors. The
founder of the American branch of the family was Robert
Proctor, who was living a freeman in Concord, Mass., as early as 1643.
His paternal grandfather, Leonard Proctor, was a Captain in the Con-
tinental Army during the Revolution-
ary War and afterward removed to :
Cavendish, Vt, where in an unbroken
forest he founded the settlement of
Proctorsville. There Redfleld Proctor
was born on the 1st of June, 1831, the
son of Jabez Proctor and Betsey
Parker.
Mr. Proctor received his early edu-
cation in the public schools and at
Derby Academy in Vermont. He was
graduated from Dartmouth College in
the class of 1851 and three years later
received the degree of A.M. from that
institution. Deciding upon the law as
li is life work, he took a course of legal
study at the Albany Law School in Al-
bany, N. Y.; was graduated therefrom
with the degree of LL.B. and admitted
to the New York bar in 1859; and in
the same year was admitted to the bar
in Woodstock, Vt. In 1860 and 1861
he practiced his profession in Boston in the office of his cousin, the
eminent jurist, Judge Isaac F. Redfield.
The outbreak of the Civil War in 1861 moved him to return immedi-
ately to his native State and promptly enlist in the Third Vermont
Volunteers, in which he was commissioned Lieutenant and Quarter-
master June 19, 1861. In July lie was appointed to a position on the
staff of General William F. (" Baldy ") Smith and in October follow-
ing was promoted to Major of the Fifth Vermont Regiment, serving
nearly aj-ear with that regiment at Camp Griffin. He was appointed
in October, 1862, Colonel of the Fifteenth Vermont Regiment and com-
manded that body during its term of service. He also participated in
the battle of Gettysburg and was one of the best colonels in Stan-
iiiird's brigade. At Gettysburg his command was stationed on the
famous Cemetery Ridge during part of the second day's memorable
struggle.
REDFIELD PROCTOR.
84 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Keturning from the war with an honorable record for distinguished
services, Colonel Proctor opened a law office in Rutland, Vt., forming a
partnership with the late Colonel William G. Veazey, afterward a
Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court and a member of the United
States Interstate Commerce Commission. In 1869, having been ap-
pointed receiver of a marble company, Colonel Proctor withdrew from
active practice and became Manager for the Sutherland Falls Marble
Company, which, in 1880, was consolidated with the Rutland Marble
Company under the firm name of the Vermont Marble Company with
Colonel Proctor as President. Under his able and energetic manage-
ment the business of the consolidated company increased rapidly until
the concern became the largest of its kind in the world.
Redfield Proctor began his public life as Selectman of the Town of
Rutland in 1866. He represented Rutland in the Vermont Legislature
in 1S67, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Elections, and was
re-elected in 1868 and was a member of the Committee on Ways and
Means. He was State Senator from Rutland County in 187-1 and Presi-
dent pro tempo re of the Senate; in 1876 he was elected Lieutenant-
Governor of Vermont; and in 1878 was elected Governor of the State.
He was a delegate-at-large from Vermont to the Republican National
Convention of 1884, was Chairman of the Vermont delegation to the
Republican National Convention of 1888, and in the latter body took a
very active part in the nomination of General Benjamin Harrison for
the Presidency. In the autumn of 1888 he was elected as first Repre-
sentative to the Legislature from the new town of Proctor, which was
named in his honor, and during that session the Legislature unan-
imously recommended him for a Cabinet position, and in March, 1889,
President Harrison appointed him Secretary of War. In this elevated
and responsible position Mr. Proctor won a National reputation, his
administration being considered one of the ablest in the history of the
War Department.
Upon the resignation of Hon. George F. Edmunds as United States
Senator from Vermont, Governor Carroll S. Page appointed Mr. Proc-
tor to fill the unexpired term, and on the 18th of October, 1892, the
Vermont Legislature elected him to fill both the unexpired term and
the full term, the latter ending March 4, 1899. On October, 1898, he
was re-elected to the United States Senate to succeed himself for the
term beginning March 4, 1899. He resigned his position in the Cabinet
in November, 1891, to take his seat in the Senate. His present term
will expire March 4, 1905.
Senator Proctor has served as Chairman of the Committee on Agri-
culture and Forestry, and as a member of the Committees on Coast
Defenses, District of Columbia, Fisheries, and Military Affairs, in the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 85
United States Senate, and in that body has gained a National reputa-
tion for his ability, integrity, and power as a speaker. He is a man of
action, of profound wisdom, of great force of character, and endowed
with the highest attainments. For a generation he has had the full
confidence of the people in his native State. He was Chairman of the
Vermont delegation at the Republican National Convention of 1896,
and in the campaign of that year rendered the Republican party valu-
able services, his efforts on the Pacific Coast in particular having
much to do with bringing the doubtful States of Oregon and Cali-
fornia into the Republican column. In February, 1898, he visited
Cuba for the purpose of obtaining personal knowledge of the condi-
tion of the reconcentrados and the affairs in and around Havana, and
soon after his return to Washington delivered in the Senate, on March
17, a speech which, in its calm, truthful description of the horrible
cruelty of Spanish rule in Cuba, had great effect upon the public mind.
Senator Proctor was married on May 26, 1858, to Emily J. Button,
daughter of Hon. Samuel F. and Sarah A. Button, of Cavendish, Vt.
They have had five children : Arabella G., Fletcher B., Fanny G. (de-
ceased), Emily B., and Redfield, Jr.
ROCTOR, FLETCHER BUTTON, eldest son of Hon. Redfield
Proctor and Emily J. Button, was born in Cavendish, Vt.,
November 7, 1860. He was educated at the Rutland Mili-
tary Institute, at the Middlebury (Vt. ) High School, at
.Middlebury College, and at Amherst College in Massachusetts, from
which latter institution he was graduated in 1882.
On leaving college Mr. Proctor entered the employ of the Vermont
Marble Company. In 1885 he became Superintendent of the company
and since then has been active in its management. He was elected
President in 1889 and still holds that position. In September of the
same year he was also chosen President of the Clarendon and Pittsford
Railroad Company, which operates some twenty miles of road between
Pittsford, Proctor, and AVest Rutland, Vt. He also became a Birector
and President of the Proctor Trust Company upon its organization in
1891. Since he assumed charge of the business of the Vermont
Marble Company that corporation has purchased the marble business
of Gilson & Woodfin, of Ripley Sons, and of the Sheldon Marble Com-
pany. These interests combined make the Vermont Marble Company
the largest producer of marble in the world.
Mr. Proctor has also been prominent in civil and military affairs.
86 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
He served several terms as Selectman of the Towns of Rutland and
Proctor; has been a member of the Proctor School Board for several
years; was Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs under Governor
Ormsbee; and in 1890 was elected to the State Legislature from the
Town of Proctor. He was chosen State Senator from Rutland County
in 1892. He enlisted in Company A, Vermont National Guard, in 1884,
was promoted to the grades of Second and First Lieutenant, and re-
signed in 1886. In that year he was appointed Inspector of Rifle Prac-
tice on the staff of Colonel Greenleaf, which position he resigned in
1887. In 1883 he was elected the first permanent Colonel of the Ver-
mont Division of the Sons of Veterans, and during his administration
the division increased from three to twenty-seven camps.
Colonel Proctor was married May 26, 1886, to Minnie E., daughter of
Hon. Asher C. and Erminnie Robinson, of Westford, Vt. They have
three children : Emily, Mortimer Robinson, and Minnie.
ALE, EUGENE, LL.D., of Ellsworth, Me., for many years a
member of Congress and since 1881 United States Senator,
is the eldest of five children of James Sylvanus and Betsey
(Staples) Hale, and was born in Turner, Oxford County,
Me., June 9, 1836. His ancestral line is traced to Thomas Hale, of
Warren, Hertfordshire, England, who, with his wife, Tomasene, came
to America and settled in Newbury, Mass., in 1635, bi'inging a letter
of introduction from Francis Kirby, a maternal relative, to Governor
John Winthrop. His grandfather, David Hale, removed from old
Newbury, Mass., to Turner, Me., being one of the pioneers of the latter
town, and settled on a farm which is still in the possession of the fam-
ily. His mother, Betsey Staples, was also descended from an old
Turner (Me.) family, and reared to maturity a remarkable family of
children, namely: Hon. Eugene Hale, the subject of this article; Hor-
tense, wife of Dr. John T. Cushing, who resides on the homestead;
Frederick Hale, a prominent lawyer, who died in 1868; Augusta, who
married George Gifford, for many years United States Consul at
Basle, Switzerland; and Hon. Clarence Hale, a distinguished lawyer
of Portland.
Eugene Hale received a common school education in his native
town and a classical training at the academies in Turner and Hebron.
When eighteen years of age he began the study of law, and was ad-
mitted to the Maine bar in 1857. At the age of twenty he commenced
the active practice of his profession in Ellsworth, Me., where he soon
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 87
achieved success and distinction. He displayed the highest legal
qualifications, superior judgment, and great natural ability, and as an
attorney rapidly gained a leading place, which he has continuously
held. For nine successive years he was County Attorney for Han-
cock County, a position he filled with great credit and satisfaction.
Mr. Hale has always been a Republican, and for many years one
of the most eminent leaders of the party in the United States. As a
member of the Legislature of Maine in 1867, 1868, and 1880, he dis-
played those qualities of statesmanship which have since won for
him so much distinction and honor in National affairs. His first two
terms in the State House of Representatives caused his friends to
place him in nomination for Congress in 1868, and he was elected by a
handsome majority, taking his seat in the Forty-first Congress in
March, 1869. He served by subsequent re-elections in the National
House of Representatives until March 4, 1881, being Chairman of the
Republican Congressional Committee during his last term. His career
in the Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third, Forty-fourth, and Forty-
fifth Congresses was marked by unswerving attention to duty, and by
many important acts which gained for him National eminence and
lasting honor. In 1874 he was appointed Postmaster-General by Pres-
ident Grant, and in 1877 President Hayes offered him a position in his
Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy. But he declined both positions,
preferring to remain in Congress, where, on the floor of the House, he
was one of the ablest debaters and most astute Republican leaders.
In the Republican National Conventions of 1868. 1876, and 1880
Mr. Hale was a leading and influential delegate, laboring most zeal-
ously in those of 1876 and 1880 for the nomination of his friend, James
G. Elaine, for the Presidency. In 1881 he was elected United States
Senator from Maine to succeed Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, who declined
a re-election, and took his seat March 4, 1881. He was re-elected to
the United States Senate in 1887, 1893, and 1899. His present term
will expire March 3, 1905.
Senator Hale is endowed with superior mental powers, great force
of character, and all the qualities of a leader. Pleasing as a speaker,
he is no less laborious and painstaking as a Legislator, and in the
United States Senate, as he was in the National House of Representa-
tives, is one of the acknowledged leaders of the Republican party.
His long and valuable services in both branches of Congress, his ca-
reer at the bar, and his activity in both public and private life, stamp
him as a man of unusual eminence. He is an able lawyer and states-
man, a thorough scholar, and possessed of all the intellectual at-
tributes which characterize his family. He received the degree of
LL.D. from Bates College, Colby University, and Bowdoin College,
88 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and is prominently identified with many of the leading institutions of
his native State.
In 1871 Senator Hale married Mary Douglass Chandler, daughter
of Hon. Zachariah Chandler, United States Senator from Michigan
and Secretary of the Interior. They reside in Ellsworth, Me.
INGLE Y, FRANK LAMBERT, of Lewiston, Me., one of the
founders of the Lewiston Ewniny Journal, is the son of
Nelson and Jane (Lambert) Dingley, and a younger
brother of the late Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., whose sketch
appears elsewhere in this work. His ancestry is quite fully detailed
on another page, to which the reader is referred.
Mr. Dingley was born in Unity, Waldo County, Me., on the 7th
of February, 1840, being the youngest of the two sons of Hon. Nelson
Diugley, Sr., and Jane Lambert. He spent his early life in Unity, at-
tending the district schools and working in his father's store, and
from his mother received a training in English upon which he laid
the foundations for his future career. He continued his education at
Bowdoin College, and in 1861 began active life as a journalist. His
brother and himself founded the Lewiston Keening Journal at Lewis-
ton. Me., and for many years he was associated with the late Con-
gressman Diugley in the editorship and publication of that paper.
Since his brother's death in January, 1899, he has been the Editor of
the Journal and Treasurer of the Lewiston Journal Company, of which
the late Congressman Dingley was President, in which office his son,
H. M. Dingley, succeeded his father.
Frank L. Dingley has devoted his whole life to editorial work. He
has never been engaged in politics, although lie has from the first
taken an active interest in, and has been an ardent and consistent
member of, the Republican party, to which he has rendered most
efficient service. His only public service has been in the study of the
immigration question in Europe by order of the late Hon. James G.
Blaine, at that time Secretary of State. His report was published by
the State Department and has been made the basis of much discus-
sion in and out of Congress ever since.
Mr. Dingley studied for several years, in Europe and Asia, impor-
tant social and economic questions, which were his prominent sub-
jects of investigation, and five foreign journeys have at different dates
been undertaken by him with that end in view. He is possessed of
a philosophical mind, is clear and accurate in his statements, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 89
as a journalist lias achieved a wide and honorable reputation. For
many years he has been one of the leading newspaper men of the Pine
Tree State. He is endowed with all the intellectual and physical at-
tainments which have made the name so conspicuous throughout the
country. As a citizen he is public spirited, patriotic, and enterpris-
ing, a firm friend of all that is worthy of support and encouragement
in the community, and prominently identified with the affairs of his
city and State.
Mr. Dingley was married to Miss L. M. Greeley, October 21, 1862, at
Canton, Mo., and has six children : Parke G., Jane L., Anna L., Bret
H., Blanche, and Florence.
OOK, OBAUJAH GOULD, who was prominent among the
founders of the Republican party in the State of Maine,
and among the men who were identified with the anti-
slavery and Free Soil movements that preceded, by a num-
ber of years, the formal organization of that party, was a lawyer by
profession and moved to Portland from Casco in 1854. He was born
January 12, 1815, in Casco, Me., of Quaker parents. His father,
Kphraim Cook, and his mother, Mary (Gould) Cook, came, respect-
ively, from Dover and Rochester, N. H., to Windham, and thence to
Casco. His early ancestors were from England. His father was a
farmer by occupation.
Mr. Cook received his early educational training in the public
schools of Casco, and later attended the Friends' School at Provi-
dence, II. I., and Limington Academy at I.iniington, Me. He was a
law student in the office of Aaron Holden, of Casco, and was admitted
to the bar of Cumberland County in 1848. Prior to this he was, for a
number of years, a school teacher in his native county. He com-
menced the practice of his profession in Casco, and in 1854 was ap-
pointed clerk in the office of the Register of Probate at Portland,
whither he removed in that year.
Mr. Cook early became identified with the anti-slavery movement
and was a member of the Free Soil party. In September, 1854, he was
a member of the Free Soil Convention at Portland. At the same time
and place the convention of the Morrill party and of the Whig party
met in session, and a committee from each of these conventions was
chosen to act as a Joint Committee of Conference, with a view to
nominate a ticket which would receive the support of the combined
parties. Mr. Cook was a member of this committee, and at the joint
90
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
convention, held in the afternoon in Lancaster Hall, was nominated
for Clerk of Courts upon this ticket and elected at the ensuing elec-
tion. He was re-elected in 1857 and served in this capacity until 1861,
filling the office most honorably and efficiently.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 91
He was an active and energetic man, of strong convictions and fixed
principles. As such he bore an interested and prominent part in the
heated political controversies and struggles that preceded, and finally
resulted in, the organization of the great Republican party. He took
great pride in the achievments of this party, and ever honored its prin-
ciples with his earnest and steadfast support. He was an ardent ad-
mirer of the leaders of the party, with many of whom in Maine, like
Fessenden and Blaine, he enjoyed a warm, personal friendship. He
was one of the first supporters of Hon. Thomas B. Reed for Congress,
whose subsequent career he always followed with interest and satis-
faction. His active interest in the party, which he had helped to or-
ganize, continued until his death.
In 1861, upon the death of his wife, Mr. Cook removed to the town
of Harrison, Me., where he continued the practice of his profession
and also engaged in various business enterprises. He was never an
aspirant for political preferment, but served in local affairs as one of
the municipal officers of his town during the Rebellion period; for
years upon the School Committee; and also as a member of the Town
and County Republican Committees. His death occurred February
3, 1894.
He was married December 26, 1854, to Christiana S. Perry, the
youngest sister of Hon. John J. Perry, one of the organizers of the Re-
publican party and a member of Congress during the sessions of 1855-
56 and 1859-60. Their children are Mary E., Charles Sumner, and
Christiana S. His wife died March 11, 1861, and January 15, 1863, he
married Lucy I. Perry, who (1900) survives him.
OOK, CHARLES SUMNER, is one of the prominent lawyers
of the State of Maine and a member of the Governor's
Council, elected in January, 1899. He resides in Portland,
in which city he was born November 18, 1858. His
father was the late Obadiah G. Cook, whose sketch precedes this
article. His mother was Christiana S. (Perry) Cook, a daugh-
ter of Rev. Dan Perry, a Methodist clergyman, who early set-
tled and preached in Oxford County, Me., and the youngest sister of
the late Hon. John J. Perry, of Portland, who was a member of the
Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth Congresses. Mr. Perry was one of the
founders of the Republican party. He served as a member of both
the State Senate and House of Representatives, and was active and
92
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
prominent in the early history of the party and especially in the sup-
port of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin and other anti-slavery leaders.
Charles Sumner Cook was fitted for college in the common schools
of Harrison, to which town his father had removed in 1861. He also
attended the Nichols Latin School at Lewiston, and was graduated
from Bates College, with honors, in 1881. He became Principal of the
Waldoboro (Me.) High School in the spring of 1882, and taught there
for one year. Afterward he commenced the study of law in his father's
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 93
office in Harrison, and in the winter of 1884 entered the law office of
Symonds & Libby at Portland. This firm Avas composed of Hon.
Joseph W. Symonds, ex- Judge of the Supreme Court of Maine, and
Hon. Charles F. Libby, and under their direction Mr. Cook continued
his legal studies, being admitted to the Cumberland bar in October,
1886. Since that time he has been in the active practice of his profes-
sion in Portland. In 1891 he formed a business association with Hon.
Joseph W. Symonds which continued until the formation, with David
W. Snow, in April, 1892, of the firm of Symonds, Snow & Cook. This
firm has always enjoyed a large business, embracing important rail-
road and corporation matters, and has a wide reputation as one of the
leading law firms of the State. Charles L. Hutchinson is now (1900)
an additional member of this firm.
Mr. Cook has been more than ordinarily successful as a lawyer, and
from his associations and ability has had the handling of larger and
more important cases than usually fall to the lot of young men of his
profession. In politics he has always been a Republican and an active
and influential member of the party. He was President of the Young
Men's Republican Club of Portland in 1891, and was Chairman of the
Cumberland County Republican Convention in 1892. At the open-
ing of the session of the Maine Legislature on January 4, 1899. he was
elected a member of the Executive Council (Hon. Llewellyn Powers,
Governor) from the Second Councilor District. Mr. Cook is a mem-
ber of Ancient Landmark Lodge, F. and A. M., of the Cumberland
Club, and of the Portland Athletic Club, and is President of Prince's
Express Company, doing business between Portland, Boston, and
New York.
He was married October 23. 1889, to Miss Annie Jefferds Reed,
daughter of Hon. Isaac and Lydia E. (Macdonald) Reed, late of Wal-
doboro, Me. Mr. Reed was very prominent in public affairs of his
time. He was a member of Congress from Maine in 1851, and during
the State campaigns of 1854-55 was the Whig candidate for Governor.
Mr. and Mrs. Cook have two children : Lydia Macdonald Cook and
Robinson Cook.
EDGWOOD, MILTON CURTIS, M.D., of Lewiston, member
of the State Board of Health of Maine, is the son of Curtis
Wedgwood, a Avell known teacher, and Hannah Springer,
his wife. His father came to this country from England,
and as an educator gained a wide reputation. Dr. Wedgwood was
born in Bowdoin, Me., on the 23d of December, 1832. He received his
94 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
literary education at Litchfield (Me.) Institute, and was graduated
from the Medical Department of Bowdoin College with the degree of
M.D. In 1862 he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the Eleventh
Regiment, Maine Volunteers, and, after the war, settled in Lewiston,
where he has since resided.
Dr. Wedgwood has been for many years one of the leading physi-
cians and surgeons in his section of the Pine Tree State. He has suc-
cessfully established a large practice among the best people of the
city, all of whom respect and honor him for his eminent ability and
genial good nature. He has served as President of the Maine State
Medical Association, and in 1897 was elected President of the Acad-
emy of Medicine and Science, which position he still holds. This so-
ciety holds its meetings in Portland, Me., and is one of the leading
scientific bodies in the State. He is Eesideut Physician of the cele-
brated hotel at Poland Springs, and besides holding membership in
the two medical organizations just mentioned is also a member of the
International Health Association.
In politics Dr. Wedgwood has always been an ardent Republican.
He joined the party at its organization, and from the first has taken an
active interest in its development and a leading part in its councils.
While his extensive practice has prevented him from accepting all
the public positions which have been urged upon him by many admir-
ing friends, he has, nevertheless, filled two important positions with
the same ability, sound judgment, and energy which have character-
ized his professional career. He served as a member of the Executive
Council from the Second District of Maine for two years during Gov-
ernor Burleigh's last term, and was appointed by Governor Cleaves a
member of the State Board of Health of Maine, which position he still
holds.
Dr. Wedgwood was married in 1862 to Elizabeth J. Webster, and at
his home in Lewiston, Me., has surrounded himself with those domes-
tic and friendly influences which it is his high privilege to enjoy after
a long and successful career.
ESPEAUX, OREN TRASK, High Sheriff of Cumberland
County, Me., and a veteran of the Civil War, was born
in Acton, Middlesex County, Mass., October 11, 1848. He
is the son of Jesse Despeaitx and Mary Reed, his paternal
ancestors being French Huguenots and settlers with Roger Williams
in the Rhode Island Plantation. His mother's family is of English
descent, and have been residents of Acton for over two hundred years.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 95
Mr. Despeaux is thus descended from some of the oldest families in
New England. He was educated in the public schools of Acton and
Milford, Mass., and at the age of fifteen enlisted for active service in
the Civil 'War. Subsequently he began his business life in a whole-
sale clothing store in Boston, where he remained until 1878, when he
removed to Brunswick, Me.
In politics Mr. Uespeaux has always been an ardent and enthusi-
astic Republican, active in the affairs of his party, and prominent in
its councils and campaigns. He was for sixteen years a member of
the Republican Town Committee, for ten years a member and for six
years Treasurer of the Republican County Committee of Cumberland
County, and for sixteen years (1882 to 1899) Deputy Sheriff of the
County of Cumberland. In September, 1898, he was elected High
Sheriff of Cumberland County and assumed the duties of that office
January 1, 1899. Mr. Despeaux has filled every position with ac-
knowledged ability and satisfaction, and has won for himself an en-
viable reputation. Public spirited, progressive, and enterprising, he
is a man of great force of character, of broad and liberal attainments,
and thoroughly identified with the affairs of his adopted State. The
Republicans of his section recognize him as one of their ablest lead-
ers, and in repeatedly electing him to positions of trust have given
evidence of the esteem and confidence in which they hold him. He is
a prominent member of the Republican Club of Brunswick, Me.,
where he resided for a number of years, and is also a member of the
Lincoln Club of Portland, of the Masonic fraternity, of the Knights
of Pythias, of the Foresters of America, and of the Grand Army of
the Republic.
In 1871 Mr. Despeaux married Susie E. Stover, of Topsham, Me.
They have two children, a son and a daughter: H. Elmore Despeaux
and Mae C. Despeaux.
AINES, WILLIAM T., Attorney-General of Maine, is in the
eighth generation in descent from Deacon Samuel Haines,
who sailed from Bristol, England, June 4, 1635, in the ship
Angel Gabriel, which was built by Sir Walter Raleigh,
and which was wrecked on the voyage in the great hurricane of Au-
gust 15, following, at Pemaquid (Bristol), Me. In 1650 Deacon
Haines settled in the Parish of Greenland, Portsmouth, N. H., where
the homestead erected by him is still standing. He became the own-
er, by grant and purchase, of large tracts of land, served as a Select-
man of Portsmouth from 1653 to 1663, and was one of the nine foun-
96 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ders of the Congregational church of that town. On the maternal
side William T. Haines is descended from Colonel Jonathan Eddy,
for whom the town of Eddington, Me., was named. His paternal
grandmother was a member of the old Whidden family of New Hamp-
shire, while his grandmother Eddy was a Knapp, one of the early
families of New England.
William T. Haines is the son of Thomas J. and Maria L. (Eddy)
Haines, and was born in Levant, Penobscot County, Me., August 7,
1854. Spending his early life on the farm and attending the common
schools, he took a course at East Corinth (Me.) Academy, and was
graduated from the Maine State College in 1876, being the Valedic-
torian of a class of thirty-three members. From the age of seven-
teen until he began the practice of law he taught school winters and
during college vacations.
He was graduated LL.B. from the Albany Law School in 1878, was
admitted to the Penobscot County bar of Maine in the same year, and
in May, 1879, settled at Oakland (then West WTaterville), Kennebec
County, Me., where he commenced active practice. Here he remained
until October, 1880, when he moved to Waterville, where he has since
resided. Shortly after coming to the bar Mr. Haines surrounded
himself with a good clientage, and was very soon found in the courts
trying his own cases. In 1882 he was elected County Attorney for
Kennebec County, which office he held for two terms. In this capac-
ity he tried three murder cases in seven days, obtaining a conviction
in each.
Mr. Haines has always been a Kepublican, has taken an active in-
terest in every campaign since he became a voter, and has served his
party upon the stump. He was elected to the Maine Senate from
Kennebec County in 1888 and again in 1890. As a legislator he put
forth many new and reform measures, among which was the Registra-
tion Bill for the registration of voters in cities, which is known by
his name, and for which he received both praise and abuse, as it was
passed by a strict party vote at the end of his second term, having
been defeated in 1888. He also introduced and carried through the
constitutional amendment requiring an educational qualification for
voters, which was adopted by the people in the election in 1892. In
his efforts to pass a statute for the regulation of railroad rates and
fares he made a most determined but unsuccessful fight during both
his terms in the Senate. As a legislator Mr. Haines was a ready and
forcible debater. He has done a good deal, both in the Legislature
and out, to assist his Alma Mater, having served upon the Board of
Trustees since 1882 and as Secretary of the board since 1886. He was
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 97
Chairman of the committee and had charge of the construction of
Coburn Hall and Wingate Hall at the State University.
In 1892 Mr. Haines was a candidate for Attorney-General of Maine,
but was defeated by Hon. F. A. Powers, of Houlton. lu 1896 he
again made a contest for the position. It was one of the hottest po-
litical fights ever known in the State, there being five candidates in
the field, but he was triumphantly nominated and elected.
He organized, and with others started, the Waterville Loan and
Building Association, for which he is attorney and one of the execu-
tive Board of Trustees. He also organized the Masonic Building
•Company, which built one of the most spacious and beautiful Masonic
buildings in the State. In 1897 he built the block known as the
Haines Building, iu Waterville. He is a member of the Maine Sports-
men's Association, a prominent member of the State Board of Trade,
a Director, Attorney, and one of the founders of the Waterville Trust
and Safe Deposit Company, was one of the organizers of the Kenne-
bec Fish and Game Association, and is active and influential in all
that concerns the welfare of his native State.
January 1, 1883, Mr. Haines married Edith S., daughter of Bick-
ford and Emeline P. (Woodcock) Hemmenway, of Rockland, Me.
IBBY, GEORGE HENRY, a veteran of the Civil War and
the oldest official in point of service in the City of Port-
land, was born in Brunswick, Me., on the 20th of August,
1841, being the son of John W. Libby, an expert edgetool
maker, and of Jane R. Bolton, his wife. His ancestors on both sides
came to this country from England, and in the paternal line he is a
direct descendant of John Libby, who settled at Scarboro, Me., in
1030. From that time to the present the family has been prominent
and conspicuous in the history of the State, and active in both busi-
ness and official capacities.
Mr. Libby received his education in the public schools of Portland,
whither his parents removed when he was young. In 1856 he found
employment in a grocery store. He subsequently learned the trade of
dyer. In November, 1861, imbued with that degree of patriotism
which characterized his ancestors, he enlisted in Company A, Twelfth
Maine Infantry Volunteers, and participated in several Important
battles. In the engagement at Port Hudson on May 27, 1863, he sus-
tained a wound which caused the loss of his left hand and in conse-
quence was honorably discharged from the service in the following
98 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
September. He then served as a recruiting officer and in the office of
the Provost-Marshal until 1865, when he entered the office of the
Treasurer and Collector of the City of Portland, with which he has
ever since been continuously identified, being, in 1891, elected City
Treasurer and Collector, which positions he still holds. His long and
active connection with this department of the municipality, covering,
as it does, a continuous period of thirty-five years, stamps him as the
oldest city official in point of service. No man has ever won a higher
place in the esteem of the community. He has enjoyed from the first
the entire confidence and respect of the citizens of Portland, irre-
spective of party, and has served them with remarkable fidelity and
integrity. He has discharged every duty with absolute honesty and
impartiality, and with that thoroughness and prominence which have
characterized his entire life.
Joining the Kepublican party as soon as he attained his majority,
Mr. Libby has continuously exercised an important influence in its
councils, and, though never very active, has always been regarded as
one of the party's ablest leaders. Possessed of sound judgment, great
energy, and executive qualities of a high order, he has gained an hon-
orable reputation in the community, both as a public official and pri-
vate citizen, and is highly respected and esteemed by all who know
him. Integrity and faithfulness are among his chief characteristics.
True to himself, he has been true to the interests and the people of his
adopted city and ever faithful in the discharge of important trusts.
Mr. Libby is also connected with various important offices and enter-
prises, being the Treasurer and one of the originators of the Diamond
Island Association. He is prominent in social and benevolent circles,
holding membership in the Knights of Pythias, in the Independent
Order of Odd Fellows, and in Bosworth Post, No. 2, G. A. R.
Mr. Libby was married on the 1st of January, 1868, to Emma Char-
lotte Nutter, of Trescott, Me.
ILLER, FRANK BURTON, of Rocklaud, Me., Register of
Deeds for Knox County since 1891, Chairman of the Repub-
lican County Committee, and one of the leading citizens of
that section of the Pine Tree State, is the son of William H.
Miller and Margaret A. Walter, and a great-grandson of Henry Miller,
who was born near Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, September 22,
1752, and who emigrated to Waldoboro, Me., with his parents, in 1753.
Mr. Miller's great-grandfather on his mother's side was John Peter
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 99
Walter, a native of Brunswick, Germany, who came to Waldoboro,
Me., at the close of the Revolutionary War.
Mr. Miller was born on the parental farm in Cushing, Knox County,
Me., on the 16th of August, 1862. He was educated in the common
schools of his native town and at the Hallowell Classical Academy,
graduating from the latter institution in 1883. After graduation he
taught sixteen terms of school and in 1890 was Editor of the Rockland
Courier Gazette. In 1891 he was chosen Register of Deeds for Knox
County, which position he has since held, discharging his duties with
marked ability and satisfaction. October 2, 1899, he was admitted to
the bar in Rockland, to practice in the courts of Maine, his examina-
tion being conducted by the presiding Justice, the Hon. Thomas H,
Haskell, and by the examining committee, of which Congressman Lit-
tlefield was Chairman.
From the time he cast his first vote Mr. Miller has been an ardent
and consistent Republican and for many years an influential factor in
the councils of his party. A man of superior judgment, sound common
sense, and great force of character, he is one of the acknowledged
party leaders in his section, and has filled a number of positions with
credit and honor. He was a member of the School Committee of Gush-
ing, his native town, from 1884 to 1893, and has been a member of the
School Board of Rockland, Me., since 1896. He served as Town Clerk
of Cushing in 1887, as Assessor of that town in 1889, and as a member
of the Republican County Committee of Knox County for the towns of
Cushing and Friendship from 1884 to 1890. Since 1894 he has been a
member of the Republican County Committee of the County of Knox,
serving as Secretary and Treasurer of that body from 1894 to 1898 and
as its Chairman from 1898 to the present time. He was Chairman of
the Republican County Convention in 1888, Chairman of the Repub-
lican Town < 'ommittee of Cushing from 1884 to 1892, and was for two
years Manager for Kuox County of the Union Mutual Life Insurance
Company.
In each of these capacities Mr. Miller has achieved a high reputa-
tion. He is prominently and actively identified with the affairs of his
native county, universally respected and esteemed for his ability and
integrity of character, and everywhere regarded as a man who de-
serves the confidence of the entire community. He is a member and
Recording Secretary of Knox Lodge, No. 29, Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, and a member and Financial Keeper of Records of Ivan-
hoe Commandery, No. 415, IT. O. G. C.
Mr. Miller was married on the 19th of June, 1892, at Columbia Falls,
Me., to Ida M. Tibbetts. They have no children.
100 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
TITLE, ALBION, of Portland, Me., is a public spirited, phil-
anthropic citizen, prominent in business, political, and so-
cial circles, Avho is now devoting his energies to the build-
ing of the Eastern Maine Insane Hospital at Bangor, being
Chairman of the State Commission for that purpose. He was born in
Whitefield, Lincoln County, Me., January 22, 1836, and is the son of
Samuel and Hannah (Boyuton) Little, and a representative of an
old and honorable family, his first ancestor in this country, George
Little, who came from Unicorn Street, London, near London Bridge,
having settled in Old Newbury, Mass., in 1640.1 From him the line is
traced through Joseph, Daniel, and Samuel to Joshua, the great-
grandfather of Albion Little. Joshua Little was born September 17,
1741, and was one of the first settlers of Whitefield, then a part of
Massachusetts. A man of courage, patriotism and ability, he served
in the War of the devolution as First Lieutenant. On the Revolu-
tionary War records, in the office of the Secretary of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts, appears the name of Joshua Little among a
list of officers of the Massachusetts Militia as First Lieutenant in Cap-
tain Carr's Ninth Company of the Second Lincoln County Regiment,
commissioned July 23, 1776.2 Joshua Little also appears among a list
of officers of Massachusetts Militia chosen by company and accepted
by council August 23, 1776, as First Lieutenant in Captain Metres
Carr's Ninth Company of the Second Lincoln County Regiment.3
His name appears also with rank of First Lieutenant on the muster
and pay roll of Captain Merres Carr's Company, Colonel Joseph
North's Regiment, and he is reported as assisting in retaking the mast
ship Gruell, this roll being dated New Castle, September 15, 1777.4
His name also appears with rank of Lieutenant on the muster and
pay roll of Captain John Blunt's Company, Major William Lithgow's
detachment, defending Lincoln County frontiers, for which service he
enlisted September 10, 1779, being discharged November 10, 1779.5
He was subsequently for many years Captain of a company of State
Militia. He represented the Town of \Vhitefield in the Massachusetts
Legislature when the town was incorporated, Maine being then a part
of Massachusetts.
Samuel Little, son of Joshua, was a farmer in Pittston, Me., where
his son, Samuel, Jr., the father of Albion Little, was born June 3,
1811. Samuel Little, Jr., married Hannah Boynton, of Alna, Me., and
resided on a farm in Whitefield from 1834 to 1867, when he moved to
1 See IJrscrnilanli of Geori/e Little, Newbury, Mass., by George T. Little, Auburn, Me., 1882.
3 Vol. 28, p. 119.
3 Vol. 43, p 180.
4 Vol. 18, p. 8.
• Vol. 37, p. 144.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 101
Bowdoiuham, Me., where he lived to the age of nearly eighty-seven.
He died May 7, 1898. A prominent citizen of his town, his ability was
recognized by his fellow-townsmen making him Selectman and Town
Treasurer.
Albion Little attended the district schools of Whitefield and the
High School at Alna. When seventeen years of age he taught the dis-
trict school at Boothbay Harbor, and from that time until he was
twenty-one he taught school for two terms in a year at Boothbay
Harbor, Peniaquid (in Bristol), Jefferson, Windsor, and Whitefield.
In 1857 he accepted a position in Portland as clerk in a dry goods
store, and shortly became associated with Peter Lane, with whom he
formed a partnership March 4, 1861, under the firm name of Lane &
Little. At first they conducted a retail business and later established
a wholesale store on Middle Street. Mr. Lane retired in 1872, and the
firm name was changed to A. Little & Co. The establishment was one
of the largest wholesale houses of the city, and a flourishing trade was
carried on until 1893, when Mr. Little retired from the wholesale
trade, and is now engaged in the dry goods commission business, sell-
ing the output of several large cotton and woolen manufacturers for
Xc\v England.
He is a Director of the First National Bank of Portland, with which
he became connected in 1878. He was one of the active founders of
the Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary, an institution of which the State
may well be proud, and has been a Trustee and Vice-President since
its organization. In 1877 Mr. Little was appointed a Trustee of the
State Reform School, and was soon afterward chosen President of the
board, a position he has continuously filled with great credit, taking
an active interest in the school, which ranks high among the public
institutions of the State. He is the oldest member of the board.
Always a Republican in politics, Mr. Little was elected to the Port-
land Common Council in 1877, and was twice re-elected, serving as
President during the last term. He was elected a member of
the Board of Aldermen three times from the same ward of Port-
land, and was Chairman of the board in his third term. He was
in the National Republican Convention which nominated James
A. Garfield for President in 1880, and was a delegate from the
First Congressional District of Maine in the Republican National
Convention at Chicago which nominated James G. Blaine for the
Presidency in 1884. Mr. Little is President of Bramhall League of
Portland, and a member of the Portland Club and of the Country
Club. In religious belief he is a Baptist,
On December 21, 1861, Mr. Little married Miss Sarah Ellen Hart,
who was born in Portland, Me., January 12, 1840, being the daughter
102 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of Deacon Henry B. and Sarah (Hill) Hart. Their children are
Alice May, wife of Edmund T. Davis, of Boston, Mass. ; Florence King-
man, wife of Fremont O. Keene, of Freeport, 111. ; Sarah Ellen, wife of
George C. Deake, of New York City; Albion Henry, M.D., House Sur-
geon of the Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary in Portland; and Maude
Garfield, who lives at home. Mr. Little has a beautiful residence in
Portland.
RIGGS, FRANK HERBERT, was born August 25, 1857, in
Auburn, Me., where he still resides. He is the son of Ben-
jamin F. Briggs, a shoe manufacturer, and Sarah G. Dil-
lingham, his wife, and a descendant of an old English fam-
ily, his paternal grandmother, an Alden, being a lineal descendant of
John Alden of the Mayflower Pilgrims.
After graduating from the Auburn High School in 1874, Mr. Briggs
entered Bates College, from which he was graduated in the front rank
of his class in 1878. He then spent a period in foreign travel, and sub-
sequently commenced active life as a manufacturer of shoes with
Packard & Briggs. Later he was for two years engaged in the manu-
facture of shirts and overalls. In 1885 he engaged in the business of
breeding high-grade Jersey cattle and trotting horses, in which he has
achieved marked success and a wide reputation. He has made
" Maple Grove Farm '' a household term even beyond the confines of
New England, and is known as one of the ablest breeders of thor-
oughbred trotting horses in the country.
Brief reference may be made here to some of the noted trotting stal-
lions which Mr. Briggs has bred or owned. Two are by Electioneer,
who has to his credit more 2 :30, 2 :20, and 2 :10 performers than any
other stallion living or dead; his get having also the fastest trotting
record, the fastest stallion record, and the fastest two, three, four, and
five-year-old records. Both are out of producing dams — Warrener
being full brother to the queen of the turf, Sunol, 2 :08|, and Rocker-
feller, a full brother to Campbell's Electioneer, 2:17|. Two of his
stallions are by Red Wilkes and another by Messenger "VVilkes, 2 :23,
Avhose get have twice broken the New England yearling record.
Of late years Mr. Briggs has given special attention to gentlemen's
driving horses and matched pairs.
In December, 1893, Mr. Briggs entered the Ara Cushman Company,
manufacturers of fine shoes, as Treasurer, and still fills that position
with credit to himself and his associates. He is also a Director in the
National Shoe and Leather Bank of Auburn and prominent in local
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 103
Grange matters, as well as proprietor of Maple Grove Farm. Though
a leading factor in the councils of the Kepublican party, he has de-
clined all political honors save that of member of the Auburn School
Board, his extensive business interests demanding his entire atten-
tion.
July 31, 1879, Mr. Briggs married Alice C. Frye, daughter of Hon.
AA'illiaru P. Frye, United States Senator, of Lewiston. They have
four children: Caroline Frye Briggs, Benjamin Franklin Briggs,
Eugene Hale Briggs, and Leland Stanford Briggs.
LASON, OLIVER BARRETT, President of the Maine State
Senate in 1899, was born September 28, 1850, in Gardiner,
Me., where he still resides. He is the son of Pell and
Sarah (Temple) Clason, and a lineal descendant of
Stephen Clason, who came from Scotland to Stamford, Conn., in the
autumn of 1654. Since then, during a period of nearly two and a half
centuries, the family has been prominent in New England, active in
social, military, and business affairs, and influential in the communi-
ties in which they have resided.
The public schools of Gardiner furnished Mr. Clason with his early
educational training. He was graduated from Bates College with
honor in the class of 1877, taught school in the meantime and after-
ward for several years, and, having studied law, was admitted to the
Kennebec County bar in 1881. Since then he has been actively and
successfully engaged in the general practice of his profession in Gardi-
ner, where he holds a high place in the confidence and esteem of the
people. As a lawyer he soon gained an honorable reputation, and
through his ability, integrity, and industry rapidly achieved distinc-
tion as one of the leading attorneys of that section.
In politics Mr. Clason has been a Republican ever since he was old
enough to vote. He early displayed great political sagacity and
statesmanship, and in the discharge of various important public
offices has won a reputation which extends throughout the State. He
was a member of the State Legislature from 1889 to 1893, and in that
capacity exhibited marked ability, introducing in 1889 the Free Text
Book Bill, which became a law, and in 1891 the Australian Ballot
Law. The passage of these and other important measures was large-
ly due to his influence and activity. He was Mayor of the City of
Gardiner in 1894, 1895, 1896, and 1897, and during his administration
introduced a number of reforms and improvements which have ma-
104 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
terially benefited the community. In 1895 and 1896 he was a mem-
ber of the Governor's Council, and in 1897 he became State Senator
from the Seventh Kennebec District for a term of four years, which
expires in 1901. In 1899 he was chosen President of the Senate, and
proved to be an able and talented presiding officer. He is a Trustee
of Bates College, has been a Trustee of the State Normal School for
four years, and is a prominent Knight Templar Mason and a member
of the Knights of Pythias.
Mr. Clason was married April 30, 1884, to Lizzie J. Trott. Their
children are Julia T., Bertha S., Freeman P., and Charles R. Clason.
ILLIKEN, WESTON FREEMAN, late Collector of Customs
for the District of Portland and Falmouth. was one of the
leading business men of Maine and a resident of Portland
from 1855 until his death. He was largely identified with
the growth and development of that city. He was born September
28, 1829, in Poland, .Me., and was the eldest son of Josiah and Eliza-
beth (Freeman) Mil liken. The Millikeu family in America is de-
scended from Hugh Milliken, who came from Scotland to Boston in
1680. His descendants removed to Scarboro, Me., where John Milli-
ken entered the army under Washington and served during the Revo-
lution. The family have been prominent in the vicinity of Scarboro
since that period. The Freeman family is of English origin and has
been identified with the history of New England since Colonial days.
Weston F. Milliken received an excellent education for the early
days of his section, attending the public schools of Poland and the
High School at Lewiston, Me. He began his business career as a clerk
in a store in Boston, and in 1852 established a general country store
at Minot Corner, Me., which he successfully conducted until he moved
to Portland in 1855. Afterward Mr. Milliken was connected with so
many of the leading industries, corporations, and financial institu-
tions that space admits only the names of a few of the more important
which he carried on successfully for many years. From 1855 until
his death he was the leading wholesale grocer of Portland, where the
firm of Milliken & Shaw was established and continued in business for
two years. He then established the firm of W. & C. R. Milliken, the
latter partner being a brother. This firm name was continued until
1889, when the corporation of the Milliken-Tomlinson Company was
organized. Mr. Milliken was President of the company with Edward
Tomlinson as Vice-President. The latter died in 1898, and the cor-
poration was officered as follows: Weston F. Milliken, President;
106
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
is evident that the name of Patten has been highly esteemed, and has
always been respectably connected with the church, the army, and
the State. The first of the name to emigrate to America was Hector
Patten, who came with his family to Boston, Mass., in 1727, and
settled in the section now known as Saco, which was then called Old
Orchard, in the " District of Maine." Here he was living at the out-
break of the Kevolutionary War; but there is no record of the date of
his death.
Freeman Patten, son of Freeman P. and Eliza (Hildreth) Patten,
was born in Gardi-
ner, Me., June 4,
1846. His father,
who died in 1882,
had been, a few
years before his
death, prominently
engaged in the lum-
ber and mill busi-
ness. His mother
died in 1866. Mr.
Patten was edu-
cated in the public
schools of Gardiner
and at Kent's Hill
Seminary. Soon
after his gradua-
tion from the semi-
nary he commenced
work in a grocery
store in Gardiner.
At the age of
twenty-one he went
out to the Western
c o n n t r y and en-
tered the business
of raising high
grade Hereford cat-
tle, in which he has
been very successful, owning at the present time, at Osboru, Mo., one
of the finest stock farms in the Mississippi Valley. This is known as
Pleasant View Stock Farm, of which Cornish & Patten are the pro-
prietors, and upon it have been bred and reared some of the finest
Hereford cattle in the country. At their Kansas City (Mo.) sale at
FREEMAN PATTEN.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 107
auction in 1899, of thirty head, one bull calf thirteen months old sold
for $500; one eleven months old for |400; and another ten months old
for |300.
In 1892 he returned from the West to Gardiner, Me., his native
town, where he now resides. May 10, 1892, he married Miss Susan
Mitchell, daughter of the late John S. Mitchell, of Gardiner.
Mr. Patten has always been an ardent Republican, but not a seeker
for office. In March, 1899, his friends nominated him for Mayor of
Gardiner and he was unanimously elected. As might be expected
from a man of such an exceptional ancestral record, his administra-
tion from the start shows that he possesses rare qualities for the posi-
tion, and the citizens of Gardiner are fortunate in having for their
Mayor a man of such foresight and public spirited generosity.
One of the new industries in Gardiner was the establishment there
of a modern shoe factory which gave employment to a large number of
people. The volume of this business has so increased that the ques-
tion of a large addition to the plant became an important one, when
Mayor Patten, with characteristic liberality, advanced f 1,200, and
from among his friends secured $2,400 more, to complete the additions
to the factory. As a slight recognition of his action he was made
President of the Shoe Factory Association, and with the completion of
the addition the concern under the present management is on the
high road to success.
For several years Mayor Patten was connected with western rail-
roads while carrying on the business of breeding cattle. He built, in
the year 1896, the Patten Block in Gardiner, an imposing building in
which, besides offices and stores, is the postoffice, splendidly and con-
veniently fitted up by him and a credit to the city.
ICHARDS, JOHN TUDOR, of Gardiner, a veteran of the
Civil War and now (1900) Adjutant-General of the State
of Maine, traces his ancestry on both sides back through
prominent old New England families to the blue blood of
old England. He is the son of Francis Richards and Anne Hallowell
Gardiner, daughter of Robert Hallowell Gardiner, his father being a
prominent manufacturer. His great-great-grandfather was an officer
in Colonel Noble's regiment during the French and Indian War in the
Colonial period, and was killed at the battle of Grand Pre" in the
winter about the year 1747.
General Richards was bom in Gardiner, Me., on the 23d of July,
108 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
1841, and inherited all the sterling characteristics of his race. Passing
his boyhood in his native town, he attended the public schools, was
under the instruction of a private tutor, and subsequently entered the
military school at Sing Sing, N. Y. A little later he went to England,
where his grandmother resided, and there was for three years a
student at Rugby, the famous old school for boys, of which Americans
have read in Tom Brawn.
Returning from England shortly before the War of the Rebellion
broke out, General Richards at once displayed that degree of patriot-
ism which distinguished his ancestors. At that time he was living
with an uncle in Cambridge, Mass., where he joined a company known
as the Cambridge Home Guards. In the summer of 1802 he enlisted
and was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Second Massachu-
setts Cavalry, and remained in the service continuously until the au-
tumn of 18G5, rising through the various grades until at the close of
the war he was the senior Major of his regiment. He was offered
higher rank in the infantry service, with still better chances of pro-
motion, and had opportunities to serve on the staffs of several of the
great generals of the Union Army; but his ambition was to be a com-
mander of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry, and he would not leave
that organization. General Richards served through the war without
a wound, though in many hot engagements. His record was bril-
liant; his rise was rapid; and had the war continued a short time
longer his ambition to command his regiment would no doubt have
been realized. He participated in the following battles : South Anna
Bridge, Ashby's Gap, Drainsville, Aldie, Fort Stephens, Fort Reno,
Rockville, Summit Point, Kerry vi He, Berryville Pike, Charlestown,
Halltown, Opequan " six days," Winchester, Luray, Waynesboro,
Tom's Brook, Cedar Creek, South Anna, White Oak Road, Dinwiddie
Court House, Petersburg, Five Forks, Sailor's Creek, and Appomat-
tox Court House.
After the close of the Civil War General Richards returned to
Gardiner, Me., where he has since resided, ranking as one of the lead-
ing business men of the city and State. He has been active as a manu-
facturer of pulp and paper, having been connected with the firm of
Richards & Co. and the old Richards Paper Company. For many years
past he has been a Director of the Kennebec Fibre Compan.y and of
the Somerset Fibre Company, and President of the Weutworth Spring
and Axle Company, of Gardiner. He organized the Gardiner Water
Power Company, obtaining the necessary legislation for that enter-
prise, and carrying through the improvements which made that com-
pany one of the most reliable in the State.
Since leaving the active military service of his country General
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 109
Richards has been very prominent, at various times, in military affairs
in Maine. He was Lieutenant and Aide-de-Camp on the staffs of Gov-
ernors Connor and Davis, resigning to become Division Inspector on
the staff of General Chamberlain. Subsequently he was for four
years Inspector-General on Governor Kobie's staff. During the fa-
nious " count out " times in Maine he was a member of the Committee
of Safety, of which Hon. Lot M. Morrill was Chairman, and was one of
a committee of three to maintain the supremacy of law and the
decision of the Supreme Court. He was appointed Adjutant-General,
Quartermaster-General, and Paymaster-General, with the rank of
Major-General, on the staff of Governor Powers in 1897, and is still
serving in those capacities.
General Richards is a typical American gentleman of the highest
type, cultured, energetic, and of unquestioned ability and integrity.
The same qualities which marked him as a brave and dashing cavalry
officer have won for him success in business, and made him one of the
best known and most popular citizens in the State. He has honored
every position to which he has been called. In politics he has always
been a Republican. He was for five years a member of the city govern-
ment of Gardiner, serving in both branches, and was an alternate to
the Republican National Convention which nominated James G.
Elaine for President. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a man of great
strength of character and ability, and in personal appearance re-
sembles Admiral Dewey, the hero of Manila, to a remarkable degree.
To his present duties as Adjutant-General of the State he brought
the same ability, courage, and enterprise which have characterized
his entire life, and in this connection the words of a distinguished
army officer relative to the State Militia in the late war with Spain
are pertinent :
" The man who is deserving of all praise is Adjutant-General Rich-
ards, who foresaAv trouble weeks ahead of a declaration of Avar, and
proceeded to equip the Maine Militia, so it was practically ready for
duty as soon as it was called out. Not only did General Richards put
the Maine troops in good condition before the Avar began, but, buying
his supplies Avhen he did, he took advantages of low prices and thus
accomplished a great deal of good with a comparatively small amount
of money. General Richards has been the backbone of Maine's mili-
tary organization since Avar Avas declared, and no man knows it better
than I do."
Another official of the United States Government says of him :
" I have had more or less occasion to watch the improvement that
has been accomplished by General Richards during his tenure of
110 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
office. I am moved to congratulate the State of Maine. It has selected
and put into office a man peculiarly fitted by training and instinct,
nature and acquirements, to handle the difficult affairs of the mili-
tary.
" In the first place he has felt his responsibility to the utmost. That
in military affairs is the chief requisite in the head of a department.
Then, he is an unremitting worker. And, above all else, he has the
mental attributes of the true soldier, and anticipates needs and events
because he is all the time making a study of conditions."
General Richards was married in Paris, France, in 1870, to Cora
Howard, daughter of Benjamin Chandler Howard, of Boston, Mass.
They have three children living : Amy Richards, Madeline Henson
(residing in Nagasaki, Japan), and Ruth Richards.
ARRIS, NATHAN WILLARD, PH.D., of Auburn, was born
in Minot, Androscoggin County, Me., January 8, 1853. His
parents, Dr. Nathan Coy and Harriet Ann Harris, removed
during his infancy to Auburn, Me., where he attended the
public schools. He fitted for college at the old Lewiston Falls Acad-
emy at Auburn and at the Maine State Seminary in Lewiston, and
was graduated from Bates College in the class of 1873. Subsequent-
ly he took a two years' post-graduate course at Yale University, re-
ceiving the degree of Ph.D. in 1875.
He read law with Frye, Cotton & White, in Lewiston, and was ad-
mitted to the bar of Androscoggin County in January, 1878. Subse-
quently he was for a time a student at Boston University Law School.
After practicing his profession in Lewiston for about a year he moved
to Auburn, where he has since practiced and resided. In March,
1886, he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United
States. He has served for eight years, or two terms, as Register of
Probate for Androscoggin County, and in 1890 and again in 1895 was
City Solicitor of Auburn. He was a member of the city government
of Auburn for four years (1880-83), serving as President of the Com-
mon Council in 1881 and as Chairman of the Board of Aldermen in
1883. In 1896 he was elected Mayor of Auburn, and served three
terms. In 1898 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in recog-
nition of his ability was placed upon the Judiciary Committee of that
body.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. Ill
Mr. Harris is actively interested in various local enterprises and is
officially connected with several business and educational institu-
tions. He is a Director and has been for many years Secretary and
Treasurer of the Maine Benefit Life Association. He is also a mem-
ber of the Board of Overseers and one of the Executive Board of Bates
College, Treasurer and a Trustee of the Auburn Public Library, Presi-
dent of the Associated Charities of Auburn, and has been President
of the Maine Uuiversalist Convention. He is an active Republican,,
prominent in party councils, and highly respected as an enterprising,
patriotic, and public spirited citizen.
Mr. Harris has been twice married. His first wife, Manilla H.
Smith, of Ashland, X. H., died in 1880, leaving one daughter, Manilla
E. In 1888 he married Edith S. Couant, of Auburn, Me., and by this
union has one son, Nathan Conant Harris, and one daughter, Lucy
Woodbury Harris. Mrs. Harris died Juty 11, 1899, and in this be-
reavement Mr. Harris has the tender sympathies of all who know him.
ARKHURST, FREDERIC HALE, of Bangor,Me.,is one of the
active young leaders of the Republican party for whom a
brilliant future, based upon his previous achievements, is
predicted. He is the son of Jonathan Fuller Parkhurst
and Susan Ann Haskell, both of English ancestry. His maternal
great-grandfather served in the Revolutionary War, having enlisted
from New Hampshire. His paternal great-grandfather also served in
the War of the Revolution, enlisting from Gorham, Me., and on his
father's side he is descended from one of two brothers who came to
New England about 1700.
Mr. Parkhurst was born November 5, 1864, in Unity, Waldo County,
Me., where his father was actively engaged in business as a merchant.
While young he moved with the family to Bangor and there acquired
his preliminary education in the public schools. He also attended Co-
lumbian University and Avas graduated from Columbian University
Law School in the class of 1887, receiving the degrees of LL.B. and
LL.M. Soon afterward, having been admitted to the bar of Maine
in October, 1887, he became attorney for the United States in taking
testimony in the French spoliation claims. This work occupied him
during the years 1888 and 1889.
Mr. Parkhurst never engaged in the active practice of his profes-
sion, but identified himself with important business interests in Ban-
112 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
gor, becoming connected as Director and stockholder with business
corporations, and as Treasurer and General Manager of The J. F.
Parkhurst & Son Company, which was established in 1866 for the man-
ufacture of trunks and bags. This has been, and is, one of the most
prosperous concerns in the Pine Tree State. In 1899 he was also
elected a Trustee of the Bangor Savings Bank. In these capacities he
has displayed great energy, sagacity, and business ability, and won a
high reputation.
Politically Mr. Parkhurst has always been an ardent Republican,
active and influential in party affairs, and one of the party's ablest
local leaders. He served in the Bangor Common Council, representing
Ward Three, during the years 1893 and 1894, acting as President of
that body during the latter year, and serving both years as a member
of the committee having charge of the construction of the new City
Hall and as a member of the Committee on Finance. In 1894 he was
elected to the State Legislature for the years 1895 and 1896, and was
re-elected in 1898 for the years 1899 and 1900. The question of building
the Eastern Maine Insane Hospital at Bangor involved the largest and
most important appropriation which came before the Legislature of
1895. There had been a long controversy about the matter, several
Legislatures having refused to grant an appropriation. The passage
of this special appropriation was regarded as of great importance to
the eastern portion of the State, as giving assurance of the completion
of the hospital, thus affording accommodation near home for the in-
sane of that section. The Legislature of 1899 appropriated a further
sum for the completion of the hospital, which will be ready for occu-
pancy in the fall of 1900. Mr. Parkhurst served during both terms on
the Special Committee for the Eastern Maine Insane Hospital, having
charge of legislation in the House and drafting the various resolves
and acts concerning same. The Legislature of 1895 appropriated a
sum for the commencement of the hospital, and the Legislature of 1899
appropriated a further sum for its completion.
Mr. Parkhurst was married in Washington, D. C., September 21,
1887, and has two children: Dorothy Reid Parkhurst and Samuel
Chester Reid Parkhurst.
OWNSEND, CHARLES EDWARD, is a native of the State
of Maine and one of the most prominent business men in
the town of Brunswick, where he was born October 27,
1843. His father, Leonard Townsend, was for many years
Judge of the Municipal Court and a prominent factor in the political
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 113
affairs of Brunswick. His mother was Maria E. (Hodgkins) TOAVU-
send. His paternal ancestors came from England, and were among
the early settlers of Brunswick.
Mr. ToAvnsend attended the common schools of Brunswick, and
early showed an inclination for business. After several years of
service as a clerk in a grocery and provision store, he became a partner
of his old employer,, and also engaged in the lumber trade, and later
in the carriage and harness business, which he now carries on suc-
cessfully.
A natural politician, Mr. Townsend has always been a Republican,
loyal and true to his party, and ever in the front ranks of county and
town politics. No important political move in Republican circles has
been made without consultation with him or under his leadership.
He is President of the Brunswick Board of Trade, ex-President of the
Sagadahoe Agricultural and Horticultural Society, Chairman of the
Board of Selectmen, and Chairman of the Boards of Assessors and
Overseers of the Poor. On March 26, 1884, Mr. Townsend was ap-
pointed Postmaster of BrunsAvick by President Chester A. Arthur,
and after a service of three years and ten months was removed by
President Cleveland. In April, 1891, he received a recess appoint-
ment as Postmaster to December, 1891, at which time he was con-
firmed for a full term.
Mr. Townsend is a member of the BrunsAvick Club, of the I. O. O. F.,
and of the Domhegan Tribe of Red Men.
In June, 1867, he married Annettie A. Purington, of Bowdoinhani,
Me., and from this union there were three children: Frederick L.,
Harry P., and Nellie M. Harry P. died in childhood, and Mrs. Town-
send died in 1877. November 8, 1881, Mr. Townsend married Viola D.
Coombs. They have no children.
OCKE, JOSEPH ALVAH, of Portland, is one of the most
distinguished members of the Maine bar, and for many
years has not only been prominent in his profession, but a
dominant force in the political life of his party. He was
born in Hollis, York County, Me., December 25, 1843, and traces
his ancestry back six generations to John Locke, Avho came from
Yorkshire, England, and first settled in Dover, N. H. His mother was
Lucinda Clark, daughter of Charles Clark, of Hollis, a descendant
in the fourth generation from Sarah Pepperrell, daughter of Andrew
Pepperrell and the accomplished and beloved niece of Sir William
114 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Pepperrell. He is also descended in collateral lines from the historic
Major Charles Frost, of Kittery, Me. Mr. Locke's father's and mother's
families have both been commingled in marriage, and have been noted
in the professional, educational, and business life of New England
since the first settlement of the Colonies.
Mr. Locke removed with his parents to Biddeford, Me., in early
childhood, and there in the public schools he was fitted for college.
He was graduated from Bowdoiu College in 1865, with high honors,
being salutatorian of his class. He afterward taught for two years
in the Portland High School, having charge of classes in Greek, Latin,
Chemistry, and Mathematics, and pursuing his law studies mean-
while.
Entering the offices of Davis & Drummond (Judge Woodbury Davis
and Hon. Josiah H. Drummond), he pursued his law studies under
their direction until he was admitted to the State courts in 1868,
being subsequently admitted to the United States courts in 1869. Im-
mediately upon his admission to the bar, Mr. Locke began the active
duties of his profession in Portland, where, by close application to
business, the ability, success, and fidelity with which he handled all
matters intrusted to his care, both in the office and in the trial of cases
in the courts, he soon acquired a large and lucrative law practice, ex-
tending throughout the State. In 1880 he formed a copartnership
with his only brother, Ira S. Locke, under the firm name of Locke &
Locke, who still continue the business under this name, their practice
being in all the courts and of a general nature.
Mr. Locke's public service commenced when he was twice elected
Representative from Portland to the State Legislature, for the ses-
sions of 1877 and 1879, serving as a member of the Judiciary Commit-
tee at both sessions, and also as a member of the Library Committee
in 1877. The election in the fall of 1878 for the Legislature of 1879
was a very close one throughout the State, and especially so in Cum-
berland County, and out of the five Representatives to the House from
Portland Mr. Locke was the only Republican elected. On the organi-
zation of the House of Representatives in 1879 he was the Republican
nominee for Speaker, but was defeated by the combined vote of the
Democratic and Greenback Representatives. At the State election
that fall he was elected a Senator from Cumberland County, being the
only Republican nominee for the Senate from Cumberland County
who received his certificate of election from the Governor and Council.
This was the famous session of the Legislature of 1880. From the
first meeting of the Senate until its final organization, when he was
elected its President, he was the leader in the Senate on behalf of the
Republican party in opposition to the organization of the same by the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 115
members of the Democratic and Greenback parties; and by bis timely
protests, duly presented in writing, while they were attempting to
organize the Senate, paved the way to bring the question involved,
as to Avho were legally elected members of the Senate, before the Su-
preme Court of the State for its decision. This is the only instance
since the organization of the State that a member has been elected
President of the Senate in his first term of service. Mr. Locke was
also the youngest man who ever occupied the chair. He was returned
to the Senate in 1881 and re-elected its President. This was the first
session of the Legislature following the amendment to the Constitu-
tion providing for biennial elections, consequently Mr. Locke re-
mained as President of the Senate, making him the second civil officer
in the State for three years, and until the organization of the Legisla-
ture in January, 1883, when he was elected a member of the Gov-
ernor's Council, and held this position by subsequent election for four
years, serving all the time as Chairman of the Committees on Ac-
counts and Public Instruction.
Mr. Locke is a member of the Portland and Athletic Clubs, of the
Maine Historical Society, of the Portland Natural History Society,
of the Sons of the American Revolution, and of the Masonic fraternity,
in which he has held the highest offices in its gift in the State. At the
present time he is Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons in
Maine and an officer in the Grand Encampment of Knights Templars
of the United States.
He was married August 27, 1873, to Miss Florence E. Perley,
daughter of Joseph H. Perley, a well known merchant of Portland,
Me. Their children are Grace Perley, John Richards, Allen Stephen,
and Joseph A. Locke.
REW, FRANKLIN MELLEN, of Lewiston, Me., Judge of
Probate for Androscoggin County, is the son of Jesse and
Hannah Gorham (Phillips) Drew, and was born in Turner,
Me., July 19, 1837. The family in England, from which he
is descended, traces its lineage back through many centuries to an
early Norman noble.
Judge Drew received his early education in the common schools
and at Hebron (Me.) Academy, and was graduated from Bowdoin
College in the famous class of 1858, among his classmates being Gen-
eral J. P. Cilley, Judge Nathan Cleaves, General Francis Fessenden,
and others of equal prominence in public and professional life. After
leaving college Judge Drew studied law, was admitted to the Kenne-
136 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
bee bar April 3, 1861, and at once began practice at Presque Isle,
Aroostook County, Me. In October, 1801, lie enlisted as a private in
Company G, Fifteenth Maine Volunteer Infantry, and on the organi-
zation of his company was commissioned Captain. In September,
1862, he was promoted to Major, and served in Louisiana, Florida, and
Virginia until he was mustered out at the expiration of his term of
enlistment, January 25, 1865, being brevetted by President Lincoln as
Colonel of Volunteers " for faithful and meritorious services " during
the war.
Returning to Maine, Colonel Drew settled in Brunswick, and prac-
ticed law there until January, 1868, when he was elected Secretary of
State and removed to Augusta. In 1878 he moved to Lewiston, Me.,
and resumed his professional duties, in which he has since been en-
gaged. He served two terms each as Assistant Clerk and Clerk of the
House of Representatives of Maine, was Secretary of State four
terms, and in 1872 was appointed United States Pension Agent at
Augusta, which office he held by re-appointment in 1876 until it was
merged with the office at Concord, N. H., in July, 1877. In 1888 he was
elected Judge of Probate for Androscoggin County, and was re-elected
in 1889 and 1896 and still holds that position. He was elected Secre-
tary of the Board of Trustees of Bowdoiu College in 1865, and served
in that capacity until 1894, when he was elected Secretary of the
Board of Fellows and Treasurer of Bates College, which positions he
has since held.
Judge Drew is a leading Republican, a 32° Mason, and a prominent
member of the Grand Army of the Republic, having served as Depart-
ment Commander for Maine. He is a member of the Maine Historical
Society and of the Congregational Church.
January 3, 1861, he married Aramiuta B., daughter of General
Merrill Woodman, of Naples, Me. Their only child, Frank Newman
Drew, was born November 24, 1862, and died September 29, 1864.
ELCHER, HOLMAN STAPLES, is one of the leading busi-
ness men in the City of Portland. Me., and has been identi-
fied with the city's progress since he returned after an
honorable service in the Civil War in 1865. He was born
in Topsham, Me., June 30, 1841, and is the son of James H. and Nancy
(Curtis) Melcher, whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers of
the State.
His early education was obtained in the district schools. At the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
117
age of fifteen he entered the Maine State Seminary (now Bates Col-
lege) at Lewiston, and continued his studies, teaching school in the
meantime. He had nearly completed his course when he enlisted,
August 19, 1862, as a private in Company B, Twentieth Maine Volun-
teer Infantry, and was mustered in as a Corporal. His regiment was
in active service for nearly three years, and he participated in some of
the severest battles of the war, being at Antietam, Shepardstown
HOLMAN S. MELCHER.
Ford, Fredericksburg, Aldie, Gettysburg, Kappahanuock Station,
Mine Run, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Hatcher's Run, Quaker
Road, Gravelly Run, Five Forks, and Appomattox. At Fredericksburg
he was promoted on the field " for meritorious conduct " to Sergeant-
Major of the regiment, by Colonel Ames, who subsequently, April 2,
1863, appointed him First Lieutenant of Company F. At Gettysburg
his regiment and his company, which carried the regimental colors, did
< <}
V.v i •
<rX<
118
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
brilliant service, saving Little Round Top. His captain being wounded
early in the fight, he took command of the company, and was at its head
when the regiment charged the enemy at this point. He was promoted,
by Colonel Chamberlain, Acting Adjutant of the regiment, and thus
served until the re-organization of the army by General Grant in
March, 1864, when he was assigned to command Company F. In the
first day's fight at Spottsylvania he was severely wounded, and was
sent home to recuperate. He returned to the front in October, having
been promoted in July to a Captaincy, but on account of his wounds
was unable to undergo duty on foot, and was assigned to duty on the
staff of General G. K. Warren, commanding the Fifth Corps, subse-
quently serving in the same position on the staff of General Charles
Griffin and then as Inspector-General on the staff of General Cham-
berlain, in which position he was serving when mustered out in July,
1865. April 9, 1865, he was brevet ted Major, " for brave and merito-
rious service at Five Forks and Appomattox."
At the close of the war Major Melcher came to Portland and en-
gaged in the wholesale grocery business under the firm name of
Churchill, Hunt & Melcher. This firm was dissolved in 1869, and the
business continued as H. S. Melcher & Co. until January, 1896, when
the corporation styled the H. S. Melcher Co. was organized, with
Mr. Melcher as President. The firm has one of the largest trades in
the wholesale grocery line in the State, extending throughout Maine,
New Hampshire, and Vermont.
Major Melcher has always been a Kepublican, his first vote being-
cast for Lincoln under the guns of Petersburg in 1864. His public serv-
ice commenced as a member of the Portland Common Council in
1880, in which he served two years, when he was elected Alderman
and served during the years 1882 and 1883. In 1889 he was elected
Mayor, and was re-elected in 1890. During his terms as Mayor the city
debt was reduced $340,000, the rate of taxation was reduced fifty cents
per thousand, and many reforms and improvements were inaugu-
rated, especially in the fire department. During his administration
Fort Stevens and Allen's Parks were purchased and improved. He
also appointed the first Board of Water Commissioners, made many
reforms, and improved many of the old school houses and three new
ones were built. His administration gave eminent satisfaction, es-
pecially to the business men of the city.
Major Melcher was elected to the State Legislature in 1898, and in
the session of 1899 served on the Committees on Ways and Means,
Military Affairs (of which he was Secretary), and Pensions, being
House Chairman of the latter committee.
Besides his own business interests, Major Melcher is President of
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 119
the Mechanics Loan and Building Association, a Director in the Cum-
berland National Bank and the Portland Board of Trade, President of
the Portland Wholesale Grocers' and Flour Dealers' Association, and
Vice-President of the Executive Association of the Wholesale Grocers
of New England. Major Melcher has always been deeply interested in
the military orders. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Repub-
lic and Past Commander of Bosworth Post, and served on the staff of
Commander Rhea. He is President of the Twentieth Maine Regiment
Association, Registrar of the Military Order of Loyal Legion, a
member of the Masonic fraternity and other social and benevolent
societies, and a member of the Free Street Baptist Church of Portland.
He was married June 10, 18(i8, to Ellen M. McLellan, of Portland,
Me., who died May 4, 1872. May 21, 1874, he married Alice E. Hart,
daughter of Deacon Henry B. Hart, of Portland. They have one
daughter, Georgiana Hill Melcher.
PEAR, ALBERT MOORE, is one of the leading citizens of
Gardiner, Me. His ancestry dates back to George Spear,
who lived in Boston in 1644, and from whom have de-
scended a numerous race of strong men and women who
have scattered to all parts of America. Ebenezer Spear, representing
the fifth generation in this country, came to Wells, Me., and was mar-
ried there in 1767 to Rebecca Annis. He moved to Litchfield, Me., in
1787, and was the immediate ancestor of the subject of this sketch,
who is the son of Andrew P. Spear, a jeweler, who lived in California
for many years, and was Sheriff of Yuba County, and Alice P. Moore,
his wife, of North Ansou, Me.
Mr. Spear was born in Litchlield, Me., March 17, 1852, and attended
the Litchfield common schools and West Gardiner and Monmouth
Academies. He was a quick scholar, and at the age of sixteen began
teaching and was very successful. In this way he earned money to
enable him to fit himself for college at Coburn Classical Institute in
Waterville, Me. He entered Bates College in 1871, and was grad-
uated with honor in 1875. He then engaged in teaching for two years,
being in charge of Anson and Monmouth Academies.
In 1877 Mr. Spear began the study of law with Hutchinson & Sav-
age, at Lewiston, Me., the firm being one of the ablest in the State, and
composed of Hon. Liberty H. Hutchinson, a man of commanding
ability, once Speaker of the Maine House of Representatives, since
dead, and Hon. Albert R. Savage, now an Associate Justice of the
120 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. Mr. Spear Avas admitted to the
Kennebec bar in October, 1878, and at once entered upon the practice
of his profession at Hallowell, Me., where he remained seven years.
He was actively identified with the interests of that city, was all these
years in charge of its schools as Superintendent, and represented the
city in the State House of Representatives in 1883-85, being Chairman
of the Committee on Legal Affairs in 1885. He was also appointed
upon the committee to supervise the revision of the statutes of the
State.
In 1885 Mr. Spear removed to Gardiner and formed a partnership
with, his life-long friend, Hon. O. B. Clason. This law firm was dis-
solved some years since. In 1891, and again in 1893, he was elected to
the State Senate, and in 1893 he was made President of that body. In
the Senate he was Chairman of the Committee on Legal Affairs, of the
Committee on Taxation, and of the Committee on Apportionment.
Mr. Spear has built up a large law practice, which extends into
every county in the State, and has secured for himself a strong posi-
tion in the profession. In 1898 he was strongly indorsed by the bar
of Kennebec County and prominent men all over Maine for a position
on the Supreme Court bench. While he has ever taken great pride in
his profession, and has been an earnest student, he has not hesitated
to identify himself with the interests of the City of Gardiner, where,
some years ago, he established his pleasant home, and from 1889 to
1893 he was its Mayor. He has also found time to do effective work
before the people in every political campaign since 1878. He has been
for twenty years a member of the Board of Overseers of Bates College.
He married Helen F. Andrews, daughter of the late Hon. George H.
Andrews, of Monmouth, and one of the prominent men of Kennebec
County, Me. They have two children : Alice M., wife of Ernest W.
Small, a graduate of Bates College and Principal of the High School
of Lincoln, Mass., and Louis M., now (1900) a student in Bowdoiu Col-
lege.
USHMAN, ARA, President and head of the Ara Cushrnan
Company, shoe manufacturers, of Auburn, Me., was born
in Minot, Me., April 30, 1839, the son of Ara and Esther
(Merrill) Cushman. He is a descendant in the eighth gen-
eration of Robert Cushman, who came to America in the ship Fortune
in 1621, and became the agent of the Plymouth Colony and an inti-
mate friend of Governor William Bradford.
Mr. Cushman passed his early life on the home farm in Minot, at-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 121
tending the district schools, and developing a decided fondness for
study. Subsequently he attended the academies at Lewiston Falls
and Gorliam, Me., and, beginning at the age of nineteen, taught dis-
trict school for several terms. Afterward he commenced the business
of shoe manufacturing, and was one of the pioneers in Maine in the
manufacture of the finer grades of boots and shoes. His first quarters
were small and unpretentious, but his efforts met with such favor and
his business continued to increase until in 1855 he occupied a larger
building, and in 1859 erected a two-story factory. In 1863 he removed
to Auburn, where, as Ara Cushman & Co. and later as the Ara Cush-
man Company, the business has attained the proud position of one of
the largest manufacturing establishments of its kind in New Eng-
land. Notwithstanding the magnitude of this industry, Mr. Cush-
man, whose sagacity is shown in his choice of competent assistants, is
connected with many other enterprises. He is President of the J. M.
Arnold Shoe Company, of Bangor, a Director in the A. H. Berry Shoe
Company, of Portland, and President of the Old Ladies' Home, of
Auburn. He has also been President of the National Shoe and Leather
Bank, of Auburn, since its organization in 1875. He is prominent in
the Universalist Church, an out and out temperance man, and has
been President of the Law and Order League.
AVhile not active in politics, he has represented his city in the State
Legislature, and has served as a delegate to many important conven-
tions. He is a lover of books, having accumulated one of the largest
and best selected libraries in Maine. Mr. Cushman has demonstrated
that exacting business cares do not necessarily prevent the full devel-
opment of the qualities which characterize the man of refined sensi-
bilities. He possesses the refined instincts of a scholar, and so fills
his place in the world that " his work is a blessing and his life an in-
spiration."
June 21, 1853, Mr. Cushmau married Julia W. Morse, of Gray, Me.,
and they have two children : Charles L., Vice-President and General
Superintendent, and Ara, Jr., Assistant Superintendent of the manu-
facturing department of the Ara Cushmau Company.
AKRABEE, SETH L., of Portland, lawyer and Speaker of the
Maine House of Representatives during the session of the
Legislature convening in 1898, is one of the prominent fac-
tors in the financial, business, and social life of the Pine
Tree State. A native of the State which has given to the Nation the
122 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
services of such gifted men as James G. Elaine, Thomas B. Reed, and
Nelson Dingley, Jr., he possesses many of the attributes of political
leadership that has made the little northeast corner of the United
States one of the most noted of the States of the Union.
Mr. Larrabee was born in Scarboro, Me., January 22, 1855, his an-
cestry figuring prominently in encounters with the Indians from a
period as early as 1660. He spent his boyhood on the home farm. Ob-
taining his early education in the district school, he fitted for college
at Westbrook Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1870. After
taking a year's vacation he entered Bowdoin College and was grad-
uated with the class of 1875. While attending college he taught sev-
eral terms in common schools, and after his graduation he taught the
languages for one year in Goddard Seminary at Barre, Vt. He studied
law in the office of Strout & Gage, of Portland, and after being ad-
mitted to the Cumberland bar, in 1878, began the practice of law in
that city, where his natural ability has won him an eminent position
among the lawyers of his State.
In 1880 he was elected Register of Probate for Cumberland County,
which office he held for nine years. He was chosen City Solicitor of
Portland in 1891 and 1893, and in 1895 was first elected to the State
Legislature. He was unanimously nominated and unanimously
elected Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1898. For many
years Mr. Larrabee has been a valued member of the Portland Board
of Trade, and his activity in the interest of local enterprises has been
influential. He was one of the originators of the Casco and Portland
Loan and Building Associations, in both of which he is a Director,
Treasurer, and attorney. He was an original incorporator and is
President of the Portland and Yarmouth Electric Railway Company.
He was one of the founders of the Chapman National Bank, of which
he is Vice-President and Director. He was instrumental in charter-
ing and establishing the Mercantile Trust Company, of which he is a
Trustee and attorney. He holds many positions of trust and has
had the management of large estates.
Mr. Larrabee is a hard student of his profession and one of the most
successful practitioners in the State. He is an able pleader, and his
commanding figure is a familiar one in important cases before the
higher courts. He is also popular in social circles, and has a rare ca-
pacity for remembering faces and winning friends. He served two
years as Captain of the First Maine Battery of the State Militia, and
is a member of the leading social and political clubs of Portland.
He was married October 21, 1880, to Lulu B. Sturtevant, daughter
of Dr. Joseph Sturtevant, of Scarboro, Me. They have two children :
Sydney B. Larrabee and Leon S. Larrabee.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 123
AIRBANKS, JOSEPH WOODMAN, of Farmingtoii, Me.,
third son of Columbus and Lydia Wood (Tinkham) Fair-
banks, Avas born in Winthrop, Me., November 16, 1821.
Descendants of those Pilgrims who came to Plymouth in
the Mayflower, and of others of the better class of those who, early
in the seventeenth century, emigrated from England to the Colony
of Massachusetts Bay, his forefathers were from generation to
generation men whose sound judgment, sterling worth, and strict
integrity received public recognition in their selection to fill
town and colonial offices. His father was the son of Colonel
Nathaniel and Lydia (Chipman) Fairbanks, and his grandfather
was a member of the ancient Dedliam (Mass.) family of that
name, through the line of Joseph, Joseph, Joseph, John, and Jona-
than. There he was born July 15, 1754, doubtless in the famous " Old
Fairbanks House," which is still standing as one of the few ancient
landmarks. It was built with a frame of massive oak in 1636 by Jona-
than Fairbanks, the immigrant ancestor, and has been continuously
owned and occupied by his descendants through the centuries. From
Dedham Colonel Nathaniel Fairbanks removed to Maine and settled
in Winthrop. He was a leader in public affairs, a patriot of the Revo-
lution, and a Representative to the General Court for nine years. He
died March 27, 1838, aged nearly eighty-four. On his mother's side
Mr. Fairbanks traces his ancestry to a prominent Middleborough
family, her father, Major Seth Tinkham, having been born there Feb-
ruary 13, 1761. He was a descendant, through Joseph, Shubael, and
Ebenezer, of Ephraim and Mary (Brown) Tinkham, of Plymouth,
Mass. In 1777 or 1778 he emigrated to Wiscasset, Me., there married
May 20, 1786, Catherine Woodman, and died October 1, 1828.
The early life of Mr. Fairbanks was spent upon his father's farm,
and his education was that which he was able to obtain by attend-
ance during the winter months at the district school. Of greater
value, however, were the moral training, the integrity, and the habits
of self-denial and continued effort which he was taught at home by
precept and example. Such, with little variation, was his life until he
went to Farming-ton, Me., in the autumn of 1844 to engage in business.
At the age of twenty-five, efficient, saving, clear of head, and sound
of judgment, he entered upon a successful commercial life which con-
tinued until 1878. His deficiencies in early education were neutral-
ized by a shrewd observation and a careful, continued reading of the
newspapers — a practice not so common then as now — aided by a
natural aptitude for acquiring information. These resulted in an
equipment generous, practical, and available at all times for imme-
diate use.
124 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
A Whig in politics, lie joined the Eepublicans at the beginning, and
was chosen a delegate to the Republican County Convention held at
Strong, Me., August 7, 1854, when and where it is justly claimed the
Republican party was organized. His first Presidential vote was cast
for Henry Clay, and he has never missed a State or Presidential elec-
tion since. During the Civil War he was a strong supporter of the
Federal Government, and a most constant and able advocate and ex-
ponent of the principles for which it fought. His contributions were
liberal, and his name was among the first of those in town who volun-
teered to send substitutes to the front.
For many years Mr. Fairbanks has been closely identified with the
business interests of the town. He lent his influence to the establish-
ment, in Farmingtou of the first State Normal School, and was active
in giving to the town the best railroad facilities. After the great con-
flagration of 1886 he was chosen Chairman of the Building Committee
which erected the Congregational Church, the Savings Bank, and a
block of stores. In the selection of plans, collection and management
of funds, and in the supervision of the erection of these buildings, as
well as of numerous bridges and schoolhouses, he has shown execu-
tive ability, an educated taste, and a business economy which have
added much to the beauty of Farming-ton, and which have promoted
and guarded the financial welfare and condition of the church, the
town, and the State, in whose behalf they have been exercised. In
1895 the Board of Trustees placed him in charge of the erection of the
new Normal School building at Farniington.
Among the offices of trust held by Mr. Fairbanks have been those
of Representative and Senator to the Legislature of Maine (18G4-68),
of Valuation Commissioner (1880-81), and of Selectman and Assessor
of the toAvu (1890-99). During his legislative career the Speaker of
the House appointed him a member of the Finance Committee, and
also a member of the Committee on Mercantile Affairs and Insurance.
He was afterward appointed a member of the Committee on State
Treasurer's Report by the President of the Senate, and made Chair-
man of the Committee on Claims. A Trustee of the Franklin County
Savings Bank since its organization, he was elected President April
4, 1883. He is also Vice-President of the First National Bank of Farni-
ington, Chairman of the Republican County Committee, and Trustee
of the State Normal School. He has ever been an active and stanch
supporter of the Congregational Church and notably efficient in its
service of song.
In his life Mr. Fairbanks has at all times shown those traits of
character which we like to consider as peculiarly American. Such
success as he has acquired has been due to no accident of birth or of
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.. 125
event; it has been the direct result of worthy habits, generous endow-
ments, and prominent traits of character. In his proved sound judg-
ment and correct estimate of men and things he shows firmness but
not obstinacy. Noteworthy in his energy, his self-reliance, his integ-
rity, his charity toward others, and in his love for home and family,
his character commands respect and esteem. A strong believer in his
country and its form of government, in his political party and its
principles, in his State, and in his town, in their present and in their
continued welfare and success, a zealous and far-seeing guardian of
their interests, his partisanship never degenerates into intolerance.
At an age when most men have given up their grasp on affairs and
need to throw burdens on younger shoulders, he is still first in the
council among those who instigate and direct, and the most energetic
among those who execute. Of those upon whom weaker men rely,
those whose advice is sought, whose aid is desired, of those whom
others choose to honor, he belongs to the highest type of true Ameri-
canism.
Mr. Fairbanks was married October 14, 1852, to Susan Evelina,
daughter of Hon. Hiram Belcher, member of the Thirtieth Congress;
and Evelina Cony, his wife, cousin of Governor Samuel Cony, of
Augusta, Me. She died in Farmington November 8, 1875, leaving two
daughters, and he married, a second time, October 25, 1870, Henrietta
F. S., daughter of Major Samuel and Florena (Sweet) Wood, of
Winthrop, Me.
ONNELL, WILLIAM THOMAS, was born September 20,
1837, in Bath, Me., where he still resides, his parents being
Benjamin and Mary E. (Ede) Donnell. Benjamin Donnell
was for many years a prominent and successful ship-
builder, conducting a large business in the early days when Bath was
a very important center in the great shipbuilding industry.
William T. Donnell was educated in the Bath public and high
schools, graduating from the latter. Afterward he associated him-
self with his father in shipbuilding, which business he thoroughly
learned. In I860 he engaged in the shipbuilding industry for himself,
joining G. G. Deering under the firm name of Deering & Donnell. They
carried on a constantly increasing business for twenty-one years, or
until 1887, when the firm was dissolved. Since that time Mr. Don-
nell has continued the business alone, building chiefly large schoon-
ers, having now a five-master in process of construction.
Mr. Donnell has not only achieved eminent success in business, dis-
playing great ability, sound judgment, and enterprise, and gaining
126 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
distinction as one of the best known shipbuilders of New England, but
has also been prominent in public and political affairs and as an ac-
knowledged leader of the Republican party. He was for many years a
member of the Bath City Council, for several terms one of the Board
of Aldermen, and for two terms President of the latter body. In 1896
he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served on the Com-
mittees on Commerce and Counties. He declined a re-election in 1898
on account of his extensive business interests. Mr. Donnell is a mem-
ber of the present Board of County Commissioners, a member of Polar
Star Lodge, F. and A. M., of Dunlop Commandery, Knights Templar,
and a man of good judgment and highly esteemed in the communities
where he is known. Besides conducting an extensive shipbuilding
business as proprietor of the large shipyard in the loAver part of the
City of Bath, he also operates a large fleet of vessels, is a prominent
member of the National Association of Captains and Vessel Owners,
and is one of the most successful men in the shipping industry in that
section of the country.
In 1800 Mr. Donuell married Clara Hitchcock, of Damariscotta, Me.,
who died December 7, 1890. They had four children : Harry H., Clara
A., William R., and Addiella. The eldest son, Harry H., was grad-
uated from the Bath High School in 1883. learned the shipbuilding
business, and for a time was the assistant of his father. Later, how-
ever, he engaged in shipbuilding on his own account. Mr. Donnell
married for his second wife Annie M. Nocton, and they reside in a
handsome home surrounded by all the comforts of life in the southern
part of the City of Bath.
AXCY, JOSIAH SMITH, is one of the leading citizens of
Gardiner, Me., where he was born September 13, 1854, his
parents being Josiah and Eliza J. (Crane) Maxcy. His
father was manager of the water powers of Gardiner,
agent of the R. H. Gardiner estate in the insurance business, and a
highly respected citizen of the town. Mr. Maxcy is a descendant, on
the paternal side, of sturdy Scotch ancestors, and has inherited the
characteristic traits of that race. These, mingled with English blood
on the maternal side, have made him a man of noteworthy strength of
character, respected and esteemed by all who know him.
He was educated in the public schools of Gardiner, graduating from
the Gardiner High School in 1872. Immediately after leaving school
he entered the office of his father, and upon the death of the latter, in
1878, he succeeded to the business, which he has ever since conducted
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 127
in a most successful manner. In 1885 lie engaged in the construction
of waterworks — which he owned with others — in Gardiner, Calais, St.
Steven, N. B., Waterville, Fairfield, Dover, Foxcroft, and Madison, Me.
He has been Treasurer and Manager of these companies since their
organization. In 1892 Mr. Maxcy and his associate, Weston Lewis,
purchased the Sandy Kiver Railroad. They also own the Franklin
and Megantic Railroad, and still own and operate both properties.
Mr. Maxcy was elected to represent Gardiner in the State Legis-
lature of 1897 and 1899, and was Chairman of the Committee on Banks
and Banking and a member of the Committee on Insurance. He is a
Director of the Maine Trust and Banking Company, a Director of the
Oakland Nation?! Bank, and a Trustee of the Gardiner Savings Insti-
tution. In each and all of these positions he has discharged his duties
faithfully and shown himself possessed of admirable traits of char-
acter. Mr. Maxcy is a man of fine presence, an able financier and busi-
ness manager, public spirited, patriotic, and a citizen loyal to the best
interests of the community in which he resides. He is President of the
Gardiner Library Association and a member of Hermon Lodge, F. and
A. M., of Gardiner.
October 26, 1882, Mr. Maxcy married Louise M. Allen, of Provi-
dence, R. I. They have three children : Helen B., Robert F., and
Josiah Richard Maxcv.
OTTEK, BARRETT, of Brunswick, Me., is the son of Rev.
Daniel F. Potter and Albina A. (Cram) Potter. His an-
cestors on both sides took a conspicuous and honorable
part in the Revolutionary War, having come over from
England early in the Colonial period.
Mr. Potter was born in Readfield, Me., on the 19th of April, 1857.
He was educated in the public schools, at Phillips Exeter Academy in
New Hampshire, and at Bowdoin College in his native State. Subse-
quently he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and since 1886 has
been actively and successfully engaged in the general practice of his
profession in Brunswick.
While Mr. Potter has never sought or accepted public office, he has
nevertheless taken a deep interest in the affairs of the Republican
party, with which he has been identified ever since he cast his first
vote. He has devoted himself strictly to the duties of his large and
growing law practice, believing that in his chosen line of work lies the
highest degree of success which every true lawyer is ambitious to ob-
tain. He is Secretary of Bowdoin College and one of the best known
men in the Pine Tree State.
128
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
MITH, JOSEPH OTIS, of Skowhegan, Editor and Publisher
of the Rviiierxct I'cporh'r and one of the leading citizens and
Republicans of Maine, was born in Westou, Aroostook
County, in the Piue Tree State, April 24, 1839. He is the sou
of Barnabas C. Smith, a prominent farmer and lumberman, and of
Maria L. (Small), his wife. His
paternal ancestry is traced
back in a direct line through
eight generations to Eev. John
Smith, who came to Barn-
stable, Mass., from England,
about 1630. Stephen Smith,
his great-grandfather, served
as a Captain of an infantry
company in the War of the
Revolution, being stationed at
Machias, Me.
Joseph Otis Smith was edu-
cated in the common schools
of his native town and at Houl-
ton Academy, now Ricker
Classical Institute, in Maine.
There he developed superior
intellectual qualities of schol-
arship, and in a thorough
course of study laid the foun-
dation upon which he has built
an honorable career. In 1893
he received the honorary de-
gree of A.M. from Colby Uni-
versity. His early manhood from 1856 to 1863 was spent in farming
and in teaching country schools. In the latter year he enlisted in the
War for the Union, serving until February, 1866, when he was mus-
tered out, having held a commission as Lieutenant of the Eleventh
Maine Infantry Volunteers from April, 1865. From 1866 to 1872 he
was engaged in mercantile business, and during a period of nineteen
years ending in January, 1894, he was a clerk and public official in va-
rious capacities at the State Capitol in Augusta, Me.
In 1878 Mr. Smith became interested in the printing and publishing
business, which he has ever since continued, being now the Editor of
the Somerset Reporter, a paper widely known for its excellence, enter-
prise, and high standing. He was a member of the Maine Legislature
in 1869 and 1870, Assistant Clerk of the State House of Representa-
JOSEPH O. SMITH.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 129
tives in 1872 and 1873, Chief Clerk in the Secretary of State's office
during two years ending in January, 1876, Deputy Secretary of
State for the four years ending in January. 1881, Secretary of State
from 1881 to 1884, inclusive, and Insurance Commissioner of Maine
for nine years, his term of service in this capacity ending in January,
1894.
In politics Mr. Smith has always been an ardent Republican, an ac-
knowledged leader of his party, and one of its influential factors
in the State. During the five years from 1876 to 1880, when James G.
Elaine was Chairman of the Republican State Committee, he served
as Clerk of that important body. He was also a member of that com-
mittee for Somerset County from 1887 to January 1, 1899, rendering
efficient service and displaying political sagacity and ability. He has
always been an active worker in all movements which are recognized
materially and morally for the public good, and is prominent as a
citizen. To his various official duties he brought the same high stand-
ard of efficiency and integrity which has characterized his entire busi-
ness life.
Mr. Smith resided in Weston and Hodgdon, Aroostook County, until
1873, when he moved to Augusta, Me., where he lived until 1885.
Since then he has resided in Skowhegan. He is a member of Somerset
Lodge, F. and A. M., of Somerset Chapter, R. A. M., of the Grand Army
of the Republic, of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, and of the
Union Battlemeu.
He was married, first, March 17, 1860, to Miss Cordelia Smith, who
died in 1865. November 21, 1868, he married for his second wife Miss
Emma Mayo. He has three children: Eda K. (now Mrs. Edward
Pegram, of Decatur, 111. ) , George O., and Josephine W. Smith.
RUE, NORMAN, Register of Deeds of Cumberland County,
Me., is a native of Pownal, in that State, where he was born
April 24, 1861. He is the son of Benjamin True, a promi-
nent citizen of Cumberland County, who was Sheriff from
1883 to 1887, and therefore well known to the residents of Portland.
Mr. True was reared on the family farm, where he gained a rugged
physique. He obtained a good, practical education in the common
schools, and, having been a reader of instructive books, has added
materially to his store of knowledge. Like many of the youths of his
native town, he learned a trade after leaving school — that of a brush
maker, in which he is a skilled expert. From 1883 to 1887, while his
130 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
father was Sheriff, he was Turnkey at the county jail, which position
he filled with efficiency.
He has been an active worker in politics for some years, but it was
not until 1897 that he held or accepted any office. In that year he
was made a member of the Board of Selectmen of Pownal. His ability
in managing town affairs won for him the confidence of his fellow-
townsmen during his two years' service, and in recognition of this he
was successfully put forward as the most desirable candidate for the
important county office of Register of Deeds, which he now holds.
Although a resident of Pownal, his official duties have made him on
two occasions (for four years) a resident of Portland. His term of
office as Register of Deeds is for four years from January 1, 1899. He
is a member of Freeport Lodge of Masons, of Hadatah Lodge,
I. O. O. F., and of Samosset Lodge of lied Men, and a Past Master of
Longfellow Lodge, Knights of Pythias. He was married in 1883 to
Miss Nettie M. True, of Pownal, Me.
USKINS, GEORGE ELLIS, of Auburn, Sheriff of Androscog-
gin County, Me., is the son of Charles Huskins and Jennie
M. Whitney, his father being a well known shoemaker.
His ancestors came to this country from England and Scot-
land, and for generations have distinguished themselves in all the af-
fairs of life. Mr. Huskins was born in Lisbon, Me., December 19, 1863,
and there received his education, graduating from the High School at
the age of seventeen. Afterward he was engaged in farming for a
time, and subsequently in the business of carriage painting in Wilton,
Me. In 1885 he engaged in the coal, ice, and trucking business in
Lisbon.
Having been an active Republican from the time he attained his
majority, Mr. Huskins began his political career in 1888, and from
that time forward filled various town offices with that success and
ability which soon attracted the attention of the party leaders. In
1890 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff. In 1896 he was elected Tax
Collector of the Town of Lisbon. In 1898 he was elected to the office
of Sheriff of Androscoggin County, which he still holds. In each of
these capacities, and especially in the latter position, he has dis-
played marked ability, great political sagacity, and sound judgment,
and has discharged every duty to the satisfaction of all concerned.
He is a competent and faithful official, a man of broad physical and
intellectual attainments, and has won the confidence and respect of
the entire community. He is a prominent 32° Mason, and also a
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 131
member of the Improved Order of Bed Men, of the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, and of the Knights of Pythias.
Mr. Huskins was married November 25, 1885, to Carrie Ellen Star-
bird. They have four children : Maudelena S., George Carlyle, Isaac
Clifford, and Blanch Eloise Huskins.
HAPIN, ARTHUR, of Bangor, Me., is the son of Augustus
Chapin, a farmer, and Ann Hiucks, and a descendant of
English and Scotch ancestors who came to New England at
an early day. He was born in Orrington, Me., October 5,
1854, received his education in the common schools of that town and
at the East Maine Conference Seminary in Bucksport, and in 1875 re-
moved to Bangor, where he started in business as a clerk for the
wholesale grocery house of II. S. Morison & Co., now Arthur Chapin
&Co.
The house of Arthur Chapin & Co. is a very old and firmly estab-
lished one, half a century having elapsed since its foundations were
laid by the original house of E. S. Morison & Co., to which the present
firm is the successor. The firm name of R. S. Morison & Co. was main-
tained down to 1892, when it was changed to Chapin, Phillips & Co.,
tbe members of the firm being Arthur Chapin and W. C. Phillips. The
latter remained with the concern but two years, however, and in 1894
Mr. Chapin assumed sole charge of the business, which he has con-
tinued to the present time under the firm name of Arthur Chapin & Co.
Mr. Chapin occupies a fine building at 92 Broad Street, Bangor, con-
taining five floors. He carries a very large and complete stock of every-
thing that a first-class wholesale grocery house should handle, includ-
ing teas, coffee, spices, flour, canned goods, soaps, sugars, cereal goods,
condiments, etc. He gives employment to seven men, and his trade
extends throughout Eastern Maine.
As the head of this large and prosperous biisiness Mr. Chapin is well
known throughout the State. His ability, enterprise, and fair deal-
ing have won for him a wide popularity as well as the confi-
dence and respect of his numerous patrons and acquaintances.
In politics he has always been a Republican, having cast his first Pres-
idential vote for General Grant. He was elected a member of the
Bangor Common Council in 1890, a member of the Board of Aldermen
in 1897, and Mayor of the city in 1899, each time by a very large ma-
jority, which attests the confidence and popularity in which he is held
by the community. These honors were all unsought or unsolicited.
132 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Chapin is a Trustee of the Eastern Trust and Banking Company,
of Bangor, a Director of the Bangor Loan and Building Association,
Vice-President of the Home for Aged Men of Bangor, and a member of
the Loyal Legion as the successor of his maternal uncle, the late Gen-
eral Edward W. Hincks, of Cambridge, Mass.
In 1882 Mr. Chapin married May W, Pendleton, of Bangor, Me.
They have no children.
IBBY, GEORGE, was born October 23, 1852, in Portland,
Me., where he now resides. He is the son of the late
George Libby, Sr., a prominent farmer, and a descendant
of English ancestors who came to this country during
the Colonial period. Mr. Libby was educated in the public schools
of his native town, at Westbrook (Me.) Seminary, and at Gray's
Commercial College in Portland. He read law in the office of Hon.
Thomas B. Heed, of Portland, and was admitted to the Cumberland
bar at the April term of the Supreme Judicial Court in 1884. Since
then he has been actively and successfully engaged in the general
practice of his profession in Portland.
Mr. Libby has achieved an honorable standing at the bar and is
widely known for his industry and legal ability. His professional ca-
reer has been one of uninterrupted success, and for several years he
has occupied a leading place among the prominent lawyers of his na-
tive city. In politics he has also achieved prominence and honor,
having been actively connected with the Republican party ever since
he cast his first vote. He was a member of the Board of Selectmen of
Deeriug, Me., in 1880, 1881, and 1882, and Assistant County Attorney
of Cumberland County in 1885 and 1886. In September, 1896, he was
elected County Attorney for the County of Cumberland, and was re-
elected in September, 1898, for a second term. In these capacities he
has displayed marked ability, sound judgment, and great energy, and
has won for himself a wide reputation.
Mr. Libby is a prominent member of the Lincoln Club of Portland,
of which he was President from 1894 to 1898. He is the attorney for
the Faimouth Loan and Building Association and for the A. R. Hop-
kins Company, of Bangor, Me., and is also a member of the Independ-
ent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Masons, and of the Knights of
Pythias.
He was married August 16, 1874, to Rosina H. McNelly, and their
children are Priscilla G. (Libby) Hinds, May Kidder Libby, George
Libby, Jr., and Fannie M. Libby. Priscilla G., the eldest, was mar-
ried June 3, 1896, to Albert H. Hinds, and has two children.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 133
LANCHARD, CYRUS NATHAN, lawyer and State Senator,
was born, where be still resides, in Wilton, Franklin
County, Me., October 6, 1869. He is tbe son of Jesse
Blanchard, a prominent farmer and cattle dealer, and
Pbebe Holt. His paternal ancestors came from Wales in 1639. On
his mother's side he is of Scotch descent, his great-grandfather, a
Revolutionary soldier, being wounded in the battle of Lexington.
Mr. Blanchard received his preparatory education in the common
schools of AVilton, at Farmington Normal School, and at Anson
Academy, and was graduated from Bates College at Lewiston, Me., in
1892. He read law with Hon. J. C. Holman and was admitted to the
bar of his State in 1896. Since then he has successfully practiced in
Wilton.
In 1896 he was elected a Representative to the Maine Legislature,
and at the end of his term, in September, 1898, was elected State
Senator for the years 1899 and 1900. Before coming to the bar, Mr.
Blanchard was for two years Principal of the Dexter (Me.) High
School, and for several years he has served as Chairman of the Wilton
School Board and as a member of the Wilton Town Committee. In
the Legislature he was a member of the Committee on Education and
led the opposition against establishing a State university, and in the
Senate, session of 1899, he was Chairman of the Committee on Educa-
tion and a member of the Committee on Inland Fish and Game.
His activity in the councils of the Republican party, his life-long
interest in all matters and business enterprises affecting his native
town, his honorable legislative career, and his ability and integrity as
a lawyer and citizen have brought him into more than local promi-
nence. He was mentioned as a candidate from Franklin County to
fill the vacancy in Congress caused by the death of Hon. Nelson
Dingley, Jr., but subsequently withdrew his name. Mr. Blanchard is
a prominent Mason, holding membership in the Commandery (Knights
Templars) and the Mystic Shrine, and is also a member of the Knights
of Pythias and the Grange. He is unmarried.
ARMON, CHARLES BILLINGS, City Marshal of Bidde-
ford, Me., was born in Saco, in that State, on the 5th of
April, 1851. His father, Asa Harmon, a prominent con-
tractor and builder, was of Scotch-Irish descent, while his
mother, Eunice (Burnham) Harmon, traced her ancestry back to an
old English family.
134 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
The public schools of Saco, the academy at Kent's Hill, and Lim-
erick Academy, all in his native State, furnished Mr. Harmon with
his educational advantages. Finishing his studies in the latter insti-
tution in 1869, he taught in the public schools of Biddeford and in
the towns of York County until 1879, when he was appointed City-
Marshal of Biddeford, which position he held one year. A change
of administration then left him to resume his old vocation of teach-
ing, which he did in Kennebunk, Me., for a period of two years. In
1883 Mr. Harmon was again elected City Marshal of Biddeford and
filled that office until February, 188G, when he was commissioned
United States Marshal for the District of Maine by President Cleve-
land. He served in that capacity during the full term of four years
and was then elected to his old position of City Marshal of Biddeford,
which he now holds.
Mr. Harmon's father was a Democrat, and it is not. surprising,
therefore, that the young man, upon attaining his majority, adopted
his father's political views, which he held during the early years of
his life. In 1890, however, he became a strong Protectionist, joined
the Republican party, and since then has voted and labored for Re-
publican principles. His enthusiasm and ability soon brought him
into prominence in the political affairs of his section, and for a dec-
ade he has been one of the acknowledged Republican leaders of Bid-
deford. In 1874 and 1875 Mr. Harmon \vas a member of the Bidde-
ford city government, serving as Councilman. In 1884 he was the
unsuccessful candidate for Sheriff of York County, although he polled
the largest vote on the ticket. He is popular with both parties and
all classes of citizens, an able and efficient officer, a genial and com-
panionable gentleman, and actively interested in every worthy ob-
ject. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, a public spirited and
enterprising citizen, and one of the most respected and honored men
in his section of the Pine Tree State.
Mr. Harmon was married in Saco, Me., in 1873, to Helen E. Tucker,
and their children are Flora H. Harmon and Ernest L. Harmon.
AFFORD, GEORGE ALDEN, for four years Mayor of Hallo-
well, Me., and now Judge of the Municipal Court, was born
in Manchester, in that State, April 10, 1863, being the son
of Julius Alden Safford and Emma Rockwood Hewins.
His father, who died in Hallowell in 1889, was for thirty-five years
in charge of a sugar plantation in Cuba, and through this and other
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
135
connections was widely known and esteemed. His ancestors on both
sides came from England at a very early day, settling in Salem, Mass.
The public schools of his native town and the Hallowell Classical
School furnished Mr. Saft'ord the educational training upon which he
has built a successful career. After completing his studies he en-
GEORGE A. SAFFORD.
gaged in the drug business, in which he continued for six years, when
he entered the Northern National Bank of Hallowell, where he has
remained for eleven years, having been promoted in 1893 to the posi-
tion of Cashier, which he now holds. In 1896 he was appointed Secre-
tary and Treasurer of the Hallowell Loan and Building Association.
136 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
He is also Treasurer of the Hubbard Free Library aiid of the Board
of Trustees of Hallowell Cemetery.
Judge Safford has filled a number of important positions with ac-
knowledged ability and satisfaction. In 1889 he was elected City
Clerk of Hallowell and continued in that capacity for three years. In
1894 he was elected a member of the Hallowell Board of Aldermen
and served two years. He was elected Mayor of the city in 1896, and
was re-elected in 1897, 1898, and 1899, and during his four years' ad-
ministration rendered efficient service to the community and magni-
fied an already high reputation. He was one of the ablest, most en-
terprising, and progressive Mayors the City of Hallowell has had, and
instituted and carried through a number of important improvements
which have been of the highest benefit to the people. During his
administration the city waterworks were established and a new city
hall was built, a gift of $20,000 having been placed in his hands by
Mrs. Eliza Clark Lowell for this purpose. In 1898 Governor Powers
appointed Mr. Safford Judge of the Municipal Court of Hallowell,
which position he now holds.
Public spirited, progressive, and enterprising, Judge Safford has
proved himself to be a faithful and painstaking official, has won the
fullest confidence of those who know him, and is a credit to both the
City of Hallowell and the State of Maine. He is an able business man
and financier, active and influential as a leader of the Republican
party, prominent in both public and private capacities, and univer-
sally esteemed for those qualities which distinguish the typical New
Englander. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity,
having served as Master of Kennebec Lodge and as High Priest of
Jerusalem Royal Arch Chapter, and being a member of Alpha Coun-
cil, R. and S. M., of Hallowell, and of Trinity Comniandery, K. T., of
Augusta.
January 23, 1895, Judge Safford married Genevieve Merry. They
have two children : Gwendolyn and George Alden Safford, Jr.
ICKERY, PELEG OR1SOX, founder and President of the
Vickery & Hill Publishing Company, of Augusta, Me., is
one of the best known men in the Pine Tree State. He was
born in Danville, Androscoggin County, Me., in 1836, his
parents being George W. and Mary A. (Hodgdon) Vickery.
The common schools, the homestead farm, and Auburn Academy
afforded Mr. Vickery his early educational training. Subsequently
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 137
he engaged in teaching for a short time, but having a decided taste for
business rather than an inclination for the duties of a teacher, for
which he was specially educated, he entered at the age of sixteen a
printing office and followed that trade until the breaking out of the
Civil War, when he promptly offered his services to his country. He
served in the army about a year, returned to Maine, and opened a
small job printing office in Augusta, which he continued for some
years. During this time his restless and ambitious spirit prompted
him to study the publishing question, and after thoroughly investigat-
ing the subject he came to the conclusion that the vast body of people
throughout the world were almost entirely unsupplied with light lit-
erature. In other words, he found that light fiction of a healthy order
and of real merit for the common people did not exist. Impressed
with the belief that a monthly story paper of good literary quality,
and adapted to the tastes and purses of the great middle class, would
become a popular visitor to homes and prove a good investment, he
began in 1874 the publication of Vickery's Fireside Visitor, which with-
in two years had attained a circulation of 165,000 copies monthly.
The wonderful growth of this paper's circulation, stimulated by ad-
vertising which he scattered broadcast over the country, made it nec-
essary for him to remove his business from the old quarters into a
large building, which, in 1879, he erected and fitted up for himself.
By this time the citizens of Augusta had become mindful of the
push and energy that Mr. Vickery was showing in his own business
affairs, and were desirous of manifesting their appreciation of him as
a man and fellow-citizen. He was known and has been known since
as an ardent Republican, deeply interested in the affairs of his party
and community, and thoroughly alive to every worthy object. The
citizens of Augusta elected him for five consecutive years Chief En-
gineer of the Fire Department. He was a member of the City Council
one year, a member of the Board of Aldermen two years, and in 1878,
in recognition of the fact that " his reputation and financial success
had been achieved by integrity, fidelity to business trusts, and vig-
ilant and persevering industry," he was elected a Kepresentative to
the Legislature from Augusta and was re-elected in 1879. He was
elected Mayor of the City of Augusta in 1880 and 1881, by large
majorities, and in 1882 was again re-elected to that office without
opposition. He is mnv (February, 1900) a member of the Senate of
Maine, and doubtless will be re-elected for a second term next Sep-
tember.
While Mr. Vickery was rapidiy mounting the ladder of political
success his publishing business continued to grow to such proportions
that he was compelled to retire from the political arena and devote
138 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
himself entirely to the interests of his publications. A young Maine
physician, Dr. John F. Hill, who had recently graduated from the
Long Island Medical College, at Brooklyn, N. Y., and had married Mr.
Vickery's only daughter, came to Augusta about this time and soon
afterward became a partner in the business under the present firm
name of Vickery & Hill. The business continued to develop with strik-
ing rapidity. Commencing on the same lines of success which marked
the establishment and growth of the Fireside Visitor, they successively
started and have continued to publish Happy Hours, Hearth and Home,
Good Stories, American Women, and The Companion. These papers are
designed for home reading wherever the English tongue is spoken,
and each has an extensive circulation throughout the country. Exten-
sive and increased facilities have been added to the printing plant, in-
cluding two new giant rotary-cut perfecting presses capable of print-
ing 200,000 copies per day. Starting with the idea of filling a real
want of the people, the firm's publications have gained a circulation
amounting to two and a quarter millions a month, and are regular vis-
itors in homes throughout every section of the United States and
Canada.
Mr. Vickery, besides conducting this immense business, has also
found time to engage in various banking, railroad, summer resort, and
other important enterprises. He is a Trustee of the Kennebec Savings
Bank, Treasurer of the Maine Press Association, a Trustee of the
Maine Insane Hospital, a prominent Knight Templar Mason, and a
citizen universally respected and esteemed. A kind neighbor, a genial
friend, unostentatious in all the affairs of life, ever ready to lend his
assistance and further any meritorious object, and always interested
in educational affairs, he enjoys the rewards which come to the suc-
cessful man and is an honor to his city and State.
Mr. Vickery was married in 1858 to Ellen E. Greene. Their one
daughter, Lizzie G., was married in 1880 to John Fremont Hill, M.D,,
whose sketch appears elseAvhere in this work.
ACOMBEE, GEORGE ELLISON, Mayor of Augusta, Me., for
three terms from 1887 to 1889 inclusive, was born in Au-
gusta on the 6th of June, 1853. He is the son of George
W. Macomber and Hannah J. Kalloch. His father was a
native of Pelham, Mass., but moved to Augusta in 1820. His paternal
ancestors originally came from Scotland. His mother was born and
always lived in Maine, her family being among the original settlers of
Warren, Knox County.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 139
Mr. Macomber received his early education in the public schools
and High School of Augusta, and immediately after graduation, at
the age of seventeen, became a clerk in a store. Later he was for six
years a clerk in the Augusta postoflice during the term of Postmaster
Horace H. Hamlen. Mr. Hamlen was at that time one of the most
astute and successful business men in Central Maine. He also
wielded a very large influence in the politics of his county and State,
and it was under his tuition that Mr. Macomber acquired much of his
experience and insight into political methods as well as business af-
fairs.
After leaving the postofflce in 1876 Mr. Macomber engaged in the
fire insurance business, and with his brother, Henry D. Macomber,
who became a member of the firm in 1886, succeeded in building up
the largest fire insurance agency in the State. This business is now
continued under the firm name of Macomber, Farr & Whitteu, of
which Mr. Macomber is the senior partner. In 1885 he was engaged
by the Granite State Insurance Company as Special Agent for Maine
and has continued in that relation ever since, and a few years later he
assumed the same position for the Insurance Company of North Amer-
ica of Philadelphia, being connected with the General Agency of Kim-
ball & Parker, of Hartford, Conn. In these two positions, by energy
and push, he has succeeded in building up for both companies the
largest and finest business done by any of the fire insurance com-
panies in the State. When electricity was first being considered as a
motive power for propelling cars, as well as for lighting purposes, Mr.
Macomber became interested in the development of this business, and
the Augusta, Hallowell and Gardiner Railroad was the first road
successfully operated electrically in Maine. In the following ten
years he became connected with street railway, gas, and electric
lighting properties all over the country, and as an expert in these
matters has been sent by capitalists and investors to examine and
report upon properties of these kinds in nearly every State in the
Union.
He is actively interested and an officer in various organizations and
institutions, being a Director of the Granite National Bank of Au-
gusta, a Trustee of the Kennebec Savings Bank of Augusta, President
of the Rockland, Thomaston and Camden Street Railway Company,
President of the Knox Gas and Electric Company of Rockland, Treas-
urer of the Augusta Real Estate Association, Treasurer of the Quincy
Gas and Electric Company, and a Trustee of the Augusta City Hos-
pital.
Mr. Macomber has always been a Republican and a believer in the
principles of that party, especially in its tariff and financial policies
140 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of the past few years. He is a firm adherent of the recent plans of
President McKinley's administration in taking and holding the Philip-
pine Islands and others acquired as a result of the Spanish war, and in
the Legislature of 1898 he was the author of a joint resolution indors-
ing in the strongest possible terms the acts of the Republican admin-
istration in its course towards Cuba, Porto Eico, and the Philippines.
He served as a member of the Board of Aldermen of Augusta in 1885,
and in 1887 was elected Mayor of that city, to which office he was re-
elected in 1888 and again in 1889. He was a Representative from
Augusta to the State Legislature in 189G and 1898. In 1890 he was
appointed by Governor Burleigh one of the commissioners to build the
addition to the State House, having previously been Chairman of the
committee which had charge of matters to prevent the removal of the
State capital from Augusta to Portland.
He was married January 24, 1877, to Sarah J. Johnson, of Albion,
Pa. They have two children i Alice H. and Annie J. Macomber.
HEPHERD, RUSSELL BENJAMIN, of Skowhegan, Me.,
who was brevetted a Brigadier-General for meritorious
services in the War of the Rebellion, is descended on both
sides from a long line of English ancestors. He is the son
of Job Davis Shepherd and Betsey Richmond, the latter being the
daughter of Abiatha Richmond, who served as a Captain in the Revo-
lutionary War and, being a Quaker, refused to accept a pension from
the Government, though one was offered him. Job Davis Shepherd
was a prominent farmer, and for some time represented the Town of
Fail-field in the Maine Legislature.
General Russell B. Shepherd was born in Fairfield, Me., on the 14th
of September, 1829. He received a public school education in his
native town, prepared for college at Bloomfield (Me.) Academy, and
was graduated from Colby University in the class of 1857. During
the next four years he taught the Girls' High School in Bangor, Me.
In 1862, having resigned his position in the Bangor High School, he
enlisted as Lieutenant and Adjutant in one of the Maine regiments for
service in the Union Army. He was promoted in 1863 to Major, and
in 1864 to Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of the Maine Volunteer
Heavy Artillery. At the close of the war he was brevetted Brigadier-
General for meritorious service and great bravery during his entire
term of enlistment.
After the close of the Rebellion, General Shepherd engaged in
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 141
woolen manufacturing at Skowhegan, erecting a large and commo-
dious building and carrying on the business successfully until 1898,
when he sold out to the American Woolen Company. He also en-
gaged in financial enterprises, and has been President of the Second
National Bank of Skowhegan for the past twenty-five years, and also
prominent as a promoter and builder of electric railways, notably the
line running from Skowhegau to Madison. He is President of the
Skowhegan Pulp Company and of the Skowhegan Water Company,
and in all financial and business circles is a leader in that section.
In politics General Shepherd has always been a loyal Republican,
deeply interested in the welfare of the party, and one of its ablest and
most trustworthy leaders. He was a member of the National Repub-
lican Convention at Cincinnati in 18TG and of the convention at Chi-
cago in 1888, and has represented the Town of Skowhegan in both
branches of the Legislature, where he served as Chairman of the Ways
and Means Committee and of the Committee on Education in the
House, and as Chairman of the Committees on Education and Banks
and Banking in the Senate. In 1878 he was elected a member of the
Executive Council under Governor Connor. He has also served as a
Trustee of the Maine Insane Hospital at Augusta, of the University of
Maine at Orono, and of Colby College at Waterville. In each of these
capacities General Shepherd has rendered most efficient service, dis-
playing sound judgment, broad intellectual qualifications, and emi-
nent abilities. He is one of the most patriotic and public spirited
citizens, a business man and financier of acknowledged leadership,
and in every public and private relation enjoys the confidence of all
who know him. He is a member of the Milburn Club, of Somerset
Lodge, F. and A. M., and of De Molay Commandery, K. T.
General Shepherd was married January 23, 1865, to Helen M.
Rowed, of Skowhegan, Me., who died January 14, 1891. He was again
married January 11, 1893, to Edith S. Stanwood, also of Skowhegan.
IRGIN, HARRY RUST, a prominent lawyer of Portland, Me.,
is descended from ancestors who came from England and
settled in Massachusetts prior to 1700. They subsequently
moved to Concord, N. H., thence to Rumford, Me., and from
there to Norway and finally to Portland, both in the same State. Mr.
Virgin's father, Hon. William Wirt Virgin, was President of the
Maine State Senate in 1866, Reporter of Decisions for seven years, and
a Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine for twenty-one
years. His wife was Sarah (Cole) Virgin.
142 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Harry K. Virgin was born in Norway, Oxford County, Me., on the
25th of August, 1854. He received an excellent education at the Nor-
way High School, at Westbrook Seminary, and at Tufts College, grad-
uating from the seminary in 1875 and from Tufts in 1879. Afterward
he studied law in the office of Hon. Charles F. Libby, of Portland, was
admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Maine in 1882, and in the
same year began the active practice of his profession in Portland,
where he has since resided. In 1888 he was admitted to the bar of the
United States Supreme Court. He formed a partnership with Frank-
lin C. Payson and Harrison M. Davis in 1893, which continued under
the firm name of Payson, Virgin & Davis until 1896, when the firm was
changed to Paysoii & Virgin, Mr. Davis having removed to Boston.
Mr. Virgin, through his ability, industry, and integrity, has won a
high standing at the Portland bar and is widely known as a success-
ful lawyer. From his father, a man of eminent legal and judicial at-
tainments, he inherited intellectual characteristics which have Avon
for him distinction in professional life. Politically he is a Kepublican,
and for several years he has taken an active part in party and public
affairs. He was elected a member of the Portland Common Council in
1896 and served as President of that body in 1897. In 1899 he was a
Representative from Portland to the State Legislature.
Mr. Virgin has discharged every trust with acknowledged ability
and satisfaction. He is especially prominent in Masonry, being a Past
Commander of Portland Commandery, Knights Templars. He has also
served as Regent of Atlas Council, Royal Arcanum, and is a member
of the Portland Club and of the Lincoln Club, of which he was Presi-
dent in 1899. He is unmarried.
ENNELL, FRANK PIERCE, Sheriff of Somerset County,
Me., was born in Bloomfield, in that State, August 1, 1853,
his parents being George W. Pennell, a prominent farmer,
and Emma (Pennell) Pennell, his wife. His ancestors
were English, and for generations have been prominent in New Eng-
land. Mr. Pennell received an excellent public school education at St.
Albans, Me., and at the Hartland and Pittsfield Academies. Subse-
quently he taught school for ten years in adjoining towns, and in
1879 engaged in lumber manufacturing, which he successfully con-
ducted at Harmony, Me., for eighteen years. He also conducted an
undertaking business and a general store, the firm name being Pen-
nell & Co. During the period just mentioned Mr. Pennell had a very
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 143
large and successful business and gained an honorable reputation.
He displayed great enterprise, sound judgment, and business ability,
and as an executive manager was popular and well known.
Mr. Penuell has held most of the offices within the gift of his town,
having served as Town Assessor, as Supervisor of Schools, as Town
Treasurer for four years, and as Collector for seven years. He has al-
ways been an active and energetic business man, a reliable citizen,
possessed of great integrity of character, and makes a faithful and
fearless officer. Politically he is an ardent and consistent Repub-
lican. In 1898 he sold his business interests in Harmony and accepted
the position of Sheriff of Somerset County, which he now holds, resid-
ing in Skowhegan. He" has been prominently identified with the
Grange movement in Maine and has filled all the offices in the subordi-
nate Grange and is a member of the State Grange. He is also a mem-
ber of Corinthian Lodge of Masons and of the Independent Order of
Odd Fellows, having passed through all the chairs.
In 1875 Mr. Pennell was married in Harmony, Me., to Emma C.
Hurd, by whom he has had five children : Camilla Urso (who died in
1881), Winifred Guy, Flora Emerson, Sarah Emma Gladys, Frank.
OULTON, GEORGE, JR., has been a life-long resident of Bath,
Me., where he was born on the 4th of March, 1840, his par-
ents were George Moulton, Sr., a machinist, and Jane Day.
His ancestors on both sides are traced back to early New
England settlers, having come to this country with the Puritans.
Mr. Moulton received his education in the schools of Bath, and sub-
sequently entered upon a business career in that city which has been
eminently successful, and which has brought him into prominence
throughout the entire section of the Pine Tree State. He has always
been a prominent Republican, active in party affairs, and one of the ac-
knowledged local leaders. For five years he was a valued member of
the Bath City Council. He was Mayor of the City of Bath one year, a
member of the Board of Registration for a time, and is now (1899-
1900) Collector of Customs for the Port of Bath. In each of these ca-
pacities he has displayed great executive ability, sound judgment, and
all the attributes of a public spirited and progressive citizen.
Mr. Moulton was married in Bath, Me., on the 16th of November,
1864, and has eight children: George Frederick, Mary M., Jane D.,
Ruth E., Fannie May, Charles D., John O., and Carrie E.
144
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
AY, ALBERT RUFUS, of Bangor, is numbered among the
many worthy sons of the old Pine Tree State, who, by their
business enterprise, executive ability, and genial manners,
have early in life won a position on her honored roll. Born
in the stirring- times of the opening of our Civil War, and of an English
ancestry proud in having furnished at least one illustrious name to
the list of that hardy
band of pioneers who
came to these shores
in the Mayflower, Mr.
Day is one of whom
much may be ex-
pected. He was born
in Dixmout, Penob-
s c o t County, Me.,
March 2, 1860, and is
the son of George H.
and Clara E. (Ful-
ler) Day. His father
\v;is a physician hav-
i n g an extensive
practice in Eastern
Maine.
Young Day at-
tended the public
schools of Corinua,
Me., finishing at Co-
riuna Union Acad-
emy. After leaving
the academy he
taught school for
seven years in the
common schools of
that section, and was
promoted to the posi-
tion of Principal of the High School at Vinal Haven, Me. At the age
of twenty-one Mr. Day was Supervisor of the public schools of Corinna.
In 1886 he opened a general store in Dixmont, and was successful in
this undertaking. After seven years he sold out the Dixmont store
*nd opened a similar one, but on a much larger scale, in Corinna,
where he remained five years, when, selling out this business, he
moved to Bangor to accept a position under the Federal Government.
In 1892 he was elected to represent the Town of Dixmont in the State
ALBERT K. DAY.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 145
Legislature, serving two years, and in 1894 was elected to the Senate,
where he served four years, the tAvo latter as President of that body.
In both branches of the Legislature he was an earnest and active
worker, holding important positions on various committees, notably
the Committee on Banks and Banking in both the House and the
Senate, and being Chairman of this committee in the Senate, and also
a member of the Finance Committee in the latter body. One of the
measures in which Mr. Day was greatly interested was the establish-
ment at Bangor of the Eastern Maine Insane Asylum, and it was
largely through his intelligent generalship that the Senate finally
made the appropriations necessary to complete this much needed
asylum.
Mr. Day has been a Director in one of the banking institutions of
Eastern Maine, and his opinions are current in financial circles where
he is known. In 1899 he was appointed Collector of Customs for the
Port of Bangor by President McKinley. He is a Mason, an Odd Fel-
low, and a member of the Tarratine Club of Bangor.
In 1886 Mr. Day married Alberta B. Tibbitts, and from this union
there are three children : Helen M., Marion L., and Clara M. Mr. Day
is a man of fine personality, of genial manners, and of a ready appre-
ciation of the demands of friendship, as well as those of business, and
holds the respect and confidence of all who know him.
LUNT, ALBERT GALLATIN, of Skowhegan, a prominent
Republican and member of the Executive Council of Gov-
ernor Powers, has been a life-long resident of Maine, hav-
ing been born in Fail-field on the 10th of August, 184(5. He
comes from an old English family, and from ancestors on both sides
who came to New England during the Colonial period. His father,
James P. Blunt, was a prominent contractor and hardware dealer.
His mother's maiden name was Fanny C. Low.
Mr. Blunt received his education in the public schools of Waterville
and at Kent's Hill Seminary in his native State. At the age of twenty
he began learning the trade of sash and blind maker, which business
he followed successfully for two and one-half years. He then entered
the hardware business as a clerk, and continued in that capacity for
three years, when he entered his father's store, of which he became
sole proprietor in 1878, and Avhich he still carries on. He removed to
Skowhegan, Me., in 1870, and since then has been an active and influ-
ential citizen of the town. He is a man of excellent business ability,
146 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
sound judgment, and great enterprise, prominent in all public affairs,
and thoroughly identified with the best interests of the community.
Politically Mr. Blunt has always been a stanch and loyal Repub-
lican. He has held most of the offices within the gift of his town ; was
for several years Chairman of the Republican Town Committee; and
in 1888 was appointed to a position on the staff of Governor Burleigh.
In 1898 he was elected a member of the Executive Council of Gov-
ernor Powers, and is now (1900) serving in that capacity. Mr. Blunt
is a Director in the Skowhegan Water Power Company, in the Skow-
hegan Manufacturing Company, in the Milburn Company, and in the
Skowhegan Water Company. He is a prominent member of the Mil-
burn Social Club, of Somerset Lodge, F. and A. M., of Somerset Chap-
ter, R. A. M., of Mount Moriah Council, R. and S. M., and of De Molay
Commandery, K. T., and has held most of the official positions in those
bodies. Personally he is a genial, companionable man, possessing
business abilities of a high order, and is universally respected and es-
teemed.
In 18G9 Mr. Blunt married Mary L. Sawyer, of Newtonville, Mass.,
and they have one son, J. Wallace Blunt.
ITTLE, FRANK HALL, was born June 18, 1860. in Portland,
Me., where he still resides. He is the son of Hall J. Little,
a prominent manufacturer of blank books and stationery
in Portland, and of Ellen White, his wife. His ancestors
were English, and he is a direct descendant on his mother's side of
Peregrine White, the first white child born in Plymouth.
Mr. Little received a good preparatory education in the public and
high schools of Portland, and afterward entered Bowdoin College,
from which he was graduated in the class of 1881, receiving the degrees
of A.B. and A.M. After graduation he entered the employ of a promi-
nent Portland firm as bookkeeper, remaining five years. He then
formed the partnership of Duncan Brothers & Co. and engaged in the
oil business. This firm was subsequently dissolved, and Mr. Little has
successfully continued the business alone, building up a large and
profitable trade and gaining a high reputation for business ability and
enterprise.
In politics Mr. Little has been a stanch and active Republican ever
since he was old enough to vote. He represented his ward in the
Portland Common Council in 1891-92, and in 1894 and 1895 was a
member of the Board of Aldermen. WTith these exceptions he has
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 147
never held public office. Mr. Little has never sought political honors,
but has confined himself closely to his business, and it is very rarely
that so young a man wins for himself such an enviable record. Public
spirited, progressive, and enterprising, he is one of the best known
citizens of Portland, deeply interested in the welfare of the city, and
enjoys the confidence and respect of all who know him. He is a
member of the Portland Club, of the Portland Athletic Club, and of
the Portland Yacht Club, and while in college was an active member
of the Psi Upsilon fraternity.
Mr. Little was married October 19, 1882, to Ella L. Gray, daughter
of Levi A. Gray, of the Portland Business College. They have three
children : Lucie Ellen, Anita Gray, and Euth Dana, the two eldest of
whom are members of the Portland High School.
EBB, KICHARD, was born November 19, 1863, in Portland,
Me., where he still resides. He is the son of Mason G.
Webb, a prominent wholesale flour dealer of that city, and
Elizabeth (Bates) Webb, his wife, and a descendant on his
father's side of Samuel Webb, who was born in Kedrift, England, in
1696, and who first settled at Tiverton, R. I., whence he subsequently
removed to Maine, being the first schoolmaster at StroudAvater, near
Portland. His mother's ancestor, Clement Bates, emigrated to this
country from England about the middle of the seventeenth century.
Both families have lived in Maine for several generations.
Richard Webb was graduated from the Portland High School in
1881 and from Dartmouth College in the class of 1885. He took up the
study of law, was admitted to the bar in Portland in 1887, and since
then has successfully practiced his profession in his native city. He
has built up a large and lucrative business, is the executor or trustee
of several important estates, and in every capacity has displayed
great integrity of character, executive ability, and accurate learning.
Politically Mr. Webb is a strong Republican, prominent and active
in party affairs, and thoroughly identified with the best interests of
Portland. He was a member of the Portland School Committee from
1889 to 1893, Assistant County Attorney of Cumberland County from
1893 to 1897, and a member of the House of Representatives in the
.Maine Legislature in 1899, serving as Chairman of the Committee on
Mercantile Affairs and Insurance. He is a member of the Cumber-
land Club, of the Portland Club, and of the Fraternity Club, and is
respected by the entire community. In 1893 Mr. Webb married Miss
Eva Brinckerhoff. They have no children.
148
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
YDE, THOMAS WORCESTER, of Bath, Me., scholar, soldier,
and shipbuilder, was born in Florence, Italy, January 15,
1841, the only son of Zina and Eleanor (Davis) Hyde.
His ancestors were brave and patriotic, and his father,
Zina, was a Brigadier-Major in the War of 1812. General Hyde's par-
ents removed to Bath, Me., in his infancy, and in due time he com-
menced his education in the public schools, graduating from the Bath
High School at the tender age of fifteen. In 185(i he entered Bowdoiu
College, where he was graduated in the class of 1861. He was also
graduated from Chicago University in the same year.
Immediately on his graduation General Hyde organized a company
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 149
of volunteers in the Seventh Maine Infantry, which was mustered in
at Augusta in 1801. He was at once elected Major of the regiment,
and, the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel being absent, he took the
regiment to the field, remaining with it at the siege of Yorktown and
the battles of Williamsburg and Mechanicsville and the seven-day's
fight in front of Richmond, and commanded the regiment in the bat-
tles of Second Bull Hun, Crampton's Gap, and Antietam. In the latter
fight the regiment was ordered late in the afternoon to take the place
where Stonewall Jackson had his headquarters. They broke through
the rebel lines, suffering and inflicting great loss, losing all but sixty-
five men and three officers. During the action Major Hyde had three
horses shot under him, and he was slightly wounded. After this
battle the Seventh was ordered home to recruit. In 1863 General
Hyde was made Inspector-General of the left grand division of the
Army of the Potomac and Provost-Marshal of the Sixth Army Corps.
He became Aide-de-Camp of General John Sedgwick, of the Sixth
Corps, was with him at the storming of Mary's Heights, and was with
his regiment at the battle near Salem Church. After this battle he
was selected to present the flag captured from the enemy to General
Hooker, and was recommended for brevet promotion. He was with
General Sedgwick at Gettysburg and in all the battles following in
which the Sixth Corps was engaged, and was by Sedgwick's side when
he was killed at Spottsylvania.
Late in 1865 General Hyde was mustered out of the service. His
own consent was all that was needed at that time for the recognition
of the services of this distinguished officer by a commission in the
regular army, but the war being over, and his country safe, General
Hyde desired only to lay aside the sword and uniform he had honored
and return to the pursuits of peace. He was brevetted Brigadier-Gen-
eral for special gallantry before Petersburg and given a medal of
honor by Congress for bravery at Antietam.
In 1874 General Hyde was elected a member of the Senate of Maine,
and served as President of that body in 1875 and 1876. Subsequently
he was for two years the Mayor of Bath and for seven years a member
of the Board of Managers of the National Soldiers' Home. In 1877 he
was a member of the Board of Visitors of West Point, and in 1896
was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis.
General Hyde had established the Bath Iron Works and was its
President and General Manager. From small beginnings this plant
had grown to noticeable prominence Tinder his sagacious guidance,
and in 1891 steel shipbuilding was established there, the plant having
been equipped with the latest machinery by the far-seeing head.
There have been constructed here for the United States Government
150 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the gunboats Castine, Machias, Vieksburg, and Newport; the ram
Katahdin; the practice cruiser Chesapeake; the torpedo boats Dahl-
gren, T. A. M. Craven, Bagley, Barney, and Biddle; the monitor Con-
necticut; the lighthouse department lightships Nos. 66, 68, 69, and
71; and the lighthouse tender Mayflower. The transport Grant was
remodeled, and also some well known yachts, the Eleanor, Peregrine,
Illawara, Aphrodite, and Virginia, Avere built there. The famous sound
steamer, City of Lowell, of the Norwich line, was built there, as was
also the pioneer tramp steamer Wiiinifred. The contracts for the
Craven and Dahlgren called for a speed of thirty and one-half knots,
which was the highest speed ever attempted in this country, but the
Bath Works turned out these two vessels with a good margin in ex-
cess of the contract stipulations.
General Hyde was the inventor of the Hyde Steam Windlass, a
labor-saving device of great value, which is now to be found on the
vessels of every nation of the globe, and in the manufacture of which
the Hyde Windlass Company, of Bath, is running to its fullest capac-
ity, and having a large amount of orders yet unfilled. General Hyde
\vas the author of Folloiciny the Greek Cross, a charming narrative of
his experience during the war, published in 1894. In 1866 he married
Annie, daughter of John Haydeu, and to this union were born six
children.
General Hyde died at Fortress Monroe, Va., November 14, 1899.
Upon his death a Bath paper thus voiced the sentiments of the entire
community :
"• Bath's greatest benefactor and most beloved son is dead, and the
city mourns and the hearts of many are made sad. From Maine to the
Golden Gate are many men and women who join a loving family in a
majestic, harmonious chord of loving sorrow. To few men is it given
to round out a life's work so beautiful as it was permitted General
Hyde to do. Having won wealth and fame for himself and his city,
the future of his sons was the only care left to the General. Having
created the great steel ship and engine building industry, he trained
them faithfully in its management, and, as ill health laid its dread
hold upon him, laid down his work and surrendered his place to his
sons. Their success has been the crowning joy of his long and useful
life. His greatest delight was his family. Indulgent, kind, and
affectionate he always was, gratifying every want of those dependent
upon him, yet so upright, so manly, and so thoroughly good that his
presence and example among his children was an unceasing inspira-
tion to virtue. He was all in all to his family, and they all in all to
him, and his happiest moments were spent among them."
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 151
YDE, JOHN SEDGWICK, son of General Thomas W. and
Annie (Hayden) Hyde, was born March 25, 1867, in Bath,
Me., where he passed his childhood, and where in due time
he attended the public schools. Graduating from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he entered the Bath Iron
Works, where he learned the machinist's trade and drafting. He
was greatly interested in his business and won early promotion,
filling the positions of Assistant Superintendent of Engineering and
then Superintendent of that department, and also was elected Vice-
President of the Bath Iron Works.
Mr. Hyde is also President of the Hyde Windlass Company, or-
ganized to manufacture a steam windlass, a machine of great value
in the commercial world (some mention of which will be found in the
preceding sketch of General Hyde) . The company is doing a very ex-
tensive business, giving profitable employment to a large force of
mechanics and laborers.
Mr. Hyde is a thorough-going Republican, and has served his native
city in the Common Council and also on the Board of Aldermen. In
1898 he was elected to represent the City of Bath in the Legislature of
Maine, serving with good judgment on the Committees on Finance
and Commerce, being Chairman of the latter. Mr. Hyde was on the
staff of General John Marshall Brown as Aide-de-Camp, with rank of
Captain, of the First Brigade, Maine National Guard. He is a mem-
ber of the Army and Navy Club of Washington, D. C., of the Cumber-
land Club of Portland, of the American Society of Mechanical Engi-
neers, of the American Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engi-
neers, and of the American Society of Naval Engineers.
June 4, 1898, Mr. Hyde married Ernestine Shannon, of Bath, Me.
They have no children.
YDE, EDWARD WARDEN, son of General Thomas W. and
Annie (Hayden) Hyde, was born in Bath, Me., August
9, 1868, and attended the public schools of that city and
Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. After grad-
uating from Phillips he took the course at the Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology. In 1889 he entered the Bath Iron Works under
the management of his father, and was soon assigned to the position
of Storekeeper, and after a short time was promoted to the responsible
position of Purchasing Agent and Treasurer. He was again advanced
to Vice-President. In 1899 Mr. Hyde was elected to the Presidency of
152 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the corporation, taking the place made vacant by his father, who re-
tired on account of continued ill health.
The future of this great New England industry is safely assured
to be prosperous under the management of such capable men as are
the Hyde brothers, each iu their respective departments thorough
masters of the situation.
Mr. Hyde has always been greatly interested in the principles of the
Republican party, although not a seeker for office. In 1895 he was
elected a member of the Bath City Council, serving one term. He is a
Director in the First National Bank of Bath and in the Marine Na-
tional Bank, and his opinions on financial matters are of value to those
associated with him. He is Treasurer of the Hyde Windlass Com-
pany, of which his brother is President, and being of a social nature
is a member of the St. Botolph Club of Boston, a member of the Boston
Athletic Association, and President of the Sagadahock Club of Bath.
Mr. Hvde is unmarried.
ILL, JOHN FREMONT, M.D., of Augusta, is one of the best
known and most popular of the public men of the State of
Maine, and is now ( 1900 ) serving as a member of the Gov-
ernor's Council. His ancestry iu both direct and collateral
lines embraces some of the oldest families of New England who have
been prominently identified with the development of that section
since the Colonial period.
Dr. Hill was born in Eliot, Me., October 29, 1855, and is the son of
William and Miriam (Leighton) Hill. His father was a son of Samuel
and Elizabeth (Rawson) Hill, Samuel being of the fifth generation
from John Hill, who came from England and settled at Dover, N. H.,
in 1649; his wife was a native of Mendon, Mass., and a descendant of
Edward Rawson, for many years Colonial Secretary of Massachusetts.
The mother of Dr. Hill was a daughter of Hon. Andrew Pepperrell
Leighton, a descendant of Captain William Leighton, who settled in
Kittery, Me., in 1650. Andrew P. Leighton's mother was a descendant
of Captain Andrew Pepperrell, the older brother of Sir William Pep-
perrell. Mr. Leighton married Catherine Odiorne, a descendant of
Jotham Odiorne, one of the original settlers of New Hampshire. She
was a lineal descendant of Sir John Mason, the original grantee of
that State.
Dr. Hill received good educational advantages, attending Eliot
Academy, Berwick Academy, and the Putnam School of Newbury-
port, Mass. He is a graduate of the Bowdoin Medical School and of
V
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 155
Company, vice Josiali G. Coburu. resigned. In technical skill, in busi-
ness training, and in intellectual strength and capacity Mr. Pennell
was well equipped for this responsibility, and has since continued as
Agent of the corporation, achieving a high position among manufac-
turers and the esteem and confidence of the people. He is also a Di-
rector of the Carman Thompson Company.
Mr. Peunell has been an active Republican and prominent in poli-
tics ever since he cast his first vote. Bringing into political affairs the
same degree of industry, accuracy, and system which have character-
ized his business methods, he early made himself master of situations,
took a deep and lively interest in the party's campaigns, and gained
distinction as an authority whose opinion carried weight and prestige.
As a frequent delegate to Republican conventions, as Chairman of the
City, County, and District Republican Committees, and as a man of un-
compromising integrity and great force of character his zeal and fer-
tility in resources have been valuable in party affairs and his sym-
pathy with the advanced element has been helpful to party interests.
He served as City Auditor of Lewiston in 1870 and 1871, as a. member
of the Common Council in 1874, and as President of the Lewiston
Board of Aldermen in 1875, 1870, and 1877. He introduced, on Janu-
ary 15, 1878, the order which provided for the construction of the Lew-
iston water works and in 1880 was elected Water Commissioner for
six years, to which position he was re-elected in 1886 for another term
of six years, and again in March, 1895, for a third term of six years.
He was twice chosen Chairman of the board.
In 1881 Mr. Pennell, having filled these offices with great ability and
honor, was elected to the Legislature to fill a vacancy caused by the
death of Hon. I. N. Parker. He was a member of the State Senate in
1883, 1884, and 1885, and in the first named year introduced and suc-
cessfully carried through the Legislature an act prohibiting the sale
of the deadly toy pistol, which occasioned so many deaths among boys.
His interest in this matter was earnestly approved by all the news-
papers.
The State Senate of 1885 was one of more than usual ability, con-
taining many members experienced in legislation, keen debaters,
sound thinkers, and earnest men, and it was complimentary in a
marked degree to Mr. Pennell that, although the youngest member,
with one exception, he was chosen President, receiving every vote.
That he discharged his duties well is shown by the testimony of his
associates. Mr. Libby, of Orono, Me., in introducing a resolution
thanking Mr. Pennell for " the dignity, ability, and entire impartiality
which has characterized his official intercourse with the members,"
said : " The uniform kindness and courtesy of our President has en-
156 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
cleared him to each and all of us." Mr. Lebroke, of Foxcroft, in speak-
ing on the resolution, said :
" In our work we have been aided largely by the President, whose
ever ready perspicuity was equal to any and every emergency, one
whose rulings have been entirely impartial, one to whom we have al-
ways looked with faith and confidence, and not with disappointment,
for direction in all our multifarious duties. Our work has undoubt-
edly been not only facilitated, but largely expedited, by the manner in
which this body has been presided over during the present session. I
must say that he has done honor to himself and a good service to the
State for which we who know of his important labors in this branch
feel highly grateful to him, and for which the State is indebted to his
great abilities."
One of the leading newspapers of Maine, in one of its issues after
the Senate had been in session nearly a month, said : "After a fair
and thorough trial, it must be admitted that the Senate of Maine never
had a better or more popular presiding officer."
The Bangor Commercial, an opposition paper, said : " Mr. Pennell is
a very pleasant gentleman, thirty-eight years of age. He is self-made,
cultured, and has rare conversational powers. He has a mild and
pleasant eye, an intelligent and very winsome countenance, a full and
well-rounded forehead indicating a large and well-developed brain,
and a sufficiently strong, melodious voice. His speech and accent are a
pure New England vernacular. His suavity seems prompted by a kind
and genial heart. While differing from him radically on some points,
we are glad the corporation interests are represented by so good and
worthy a gentleman."
The Portland Argus (Democratic) said: "Political friends and
enemies must speak alike that Mr. Pennell is a very honorable, able,
and vigorous gentleman, well worthy of the honors repeatedly be-
stowed upon him."
Mr. Pennell's sympathies and vote have always been on the side of
temperance and in favor of good law. While President of the Senate
he was called upon to give the decisive vote on the question of refer-
ring the amendments to the prohibitory law to the next Legislature.
Without a moment's hesitation there was a clear and strong " No! "
His action was so decided that the Somerset Reporter said : " Every
temperance organization in the State should give President Pennell a
vote of thanks." Rev. C. D. Crane, of Newcastle, said, while address-
ing the General Conference of Congregationalists in Lewiston, June
18, 1885: "All honor to the President! It Avas not the first time
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 157
\vhen, in a critical moment in the history of Maine, a Congregationalist
in the State House in Augusta proved to be the right man in the right
place."
Mr. Pennell was a member of the committee that was organized in
1884 to arrange for the Legislation Reunion held at the State House
at Augusta in January, 1886, his fellow-members being J. Manchester
Haynes, of Augusta; William G. Davis, of Portland; William H.
Strickland, of Bangor; and Fred Atwood, of Winterport. To Mr. Pen-
nell is due much of the success which attended that memorable re-
union. He has also done good service in other capacities. He is a
Trustee of the Manufacturers' and Mechanics' Library Association,
has been prominently identified with the Maine State Agricultural So-
ciety as an officer, was for ten years a Trustee of the Androscoggin
County Agricultural Society, and was largely responsible for the man-
agement and conspicuoiis success of the Centennial Celebration of
Lewiston and Auburn in 1876. For a quarter of a century he has been
a leading member of the Pine Street Congregational Church of Lewis-
ton, has long served as Chairman of the Prudential Committee of the
parish, and is very active in the church and parish and in the work of
the Y. M. C. A. He is a 32° Mason, having joined the fraternity in 1874
and being a member of all of the bodies. He is also a member of the
Calumet Club of Lewiston, and in every respect is a leading manufac-
turer, a trustworthy Republican leader, a man of great industry and
intellectual strength, and one whose career has been marked from the
first by integrity, uprightness, and honor.
Mr. Pennell was married on the 22d of June, 1869, to Jennie A.,
daughter of Wingate and Eliza W. Linscott, and a native of Boston,
her father having moved there from Chesterville, Me., where he was
born. Mr. and Mrs. Pennell are both leaders in the social affairs of
Lewiston, Mrs. Pennell being President of the Literary Union of Lewis-
ton and Auburn, which is composed of nearly seven hundred ladies.
They have three children : Dwight R., Fannie C., and Maude Kobie
Pennell.
ODWELL, JOSEPH FOX, of Hallowell, Me., was born in
Methuen, Mass., July 11, 1862. His father, Hon. Joseph
Robinson Bodwell, was a man of great versatility of mind
and possessed of unusual business and executive ability.
He was born in that part of Methuen, Mass., on which now stands the
City of Lawrence, on June 18, 1818. He organized the Bodwell
Granite Company at Vinal Haven, Me., which became, under his ener-
158 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
getic and prudent management, the leading granite corporation in
the United States. He also organized the Hallowell Granite Com-
pany in 1870 and remained its President as well as President of the
Bodwell Granite Company up to the time of his death. The product
of the Hallowell Granite Company has been sent into almost every
State in the Union, its colossal statuary rivaling white marble in
beauty. Specimens of architecture and statuary made of this beau-
tiful stone are found in all the cities of the United States from Port-
land to New Orleans, and many public buildings are constructed of
it. Mr. Bodwell was Governor of the State of Maine in 1886 and was
distinguished for his eminence and activity in business affairs, for his
sagacity as a leader of the Kepublican party, and for all those quali-
ties which mark the successful man. He married Hannah C. Fox.
He was a lineal descendant of Henry Bodwell, his first known Ameri-
can ancestor, who bore a brave and conspicuous part in the war with
King Philip, the distinguished chief of the Wampanoags.
Joseph Fox Bodwell was educated in the public schools of his na-
tive town, at the Hallowell Classical School, and at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in Boston. At the age of twenty-two he en-
tered the drafting department of the Hallowell Granite Company,
where he remained until the death of his father, Governor Joseph R.
Bodwell, in December, 1887, when he succeeded the latter as Presi-
dent of the company, which position he still holds. Mr. Bodwell was
appointed administrator of the extensive estate of his father, and in
all business affairs, and especially in the management of the great
corporation which his father founded and developed, he has displayed
executive qualities of the highest order, and won a reputation which
extends throughout the State.
Like his eminent father, Mr. Bodwell is an ardent and consistent
Republican and active in the affairs of his party. For several years he
served as a member of the Common Council of Hallowell and for two
terms was a member of the Board of Aldermen of that city. In 1898 he
was elected to represent the City of Hallowell in the State Legislature,
where he served on the important Committees on Taxation and Ways
and Means. He is a clear-headed man of business, a vigilant and
efficient legislator, and one who has the full confidence of the people
of his native city. As President of the Hallowell Granite Company,
as a Director in the Bodwell Granite Company, whose main office is in
Rockland, Me., and as administrator of the estate of his father, Gov-
ernor Bodwell, he is well known throughout the United States, espe-
cially as the representative of one of the most prominent and reliable
granite companies in this country.
Mr. Bodwell is a prominent Mason, holding membership in Kenne-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 159
bee Lodge, in Jerusalem Chapter, in Alpha Council, in Trinity Com-
mandery, and in the Maine Consistory of the Scottish Eite degree. He
is unmarried.
ARREN, JOHN EBENEZER, Agent and Resident Manager
of the Cumberland Paper Mills of S. D. Warren & Co., of
Cumberland Mills, Westbrook, Me., was born in Grafton,
Mass., on the 6th of October, 1840, his parents being
Joseph A. Warren and Sarah H. Potter. The family is of New Eng-
land ancestry for several generations. Mr. Warren's early life was
spent on a farm in the Town of Wauwatosa (adjoining Milwaukee),
Wis., where he attended the common schools and two or three terms
of select school previous to reaching the age of eighteen. He taught
school for a time in Eosendale and Wauwatosa, in that State, and in
1861 enlisted in the War for the Union, serving in the First Regiment
Wisconsin Volunteers from May until August, of that year, and in
the Seventh Wisconsin Battery from September, 1861, to the close of
the Avar in July, 1865.
In the winter of 1866-67 Mr. Warren went to Maine and obtained
employment in the paper mills owned by S. D. Warren & Co., of
Boston, at Cumberland Mills, in which he has remained to the pres-
ent time, being since 1884 the Agent and Resident Manager.
Mr. Warren was sixteen years of age at the time of the first cam-
paign of the Republican party in 1856. His father (who is still liv-
ing in the State of Wisconsin) belonged to the Free Soil party, which,
even more definitely than the Whig party, was the basis of the new
Republican organization. He well remembers the campaign and his
disappointment that Fremont and Dayton failed of an election. At
the first Lincoln campaign he was not a voter, and he recalls his dis-
appointment that Lincoln obtained the nomination instead of William
H. Seward, an opinion which he says he has had occasion to revise
since.
The next campaign (1864) found him after three years of service a
prisoner of war in the stockade of Andersonville, where he spent sev-
eral months. The National conventions of both parties had already
been held at the time of his capture, and Lincoln had been nominated
by the Republicans and McClellan by the Democrats. Whatever have
been the questions between these two parties at other times, the issue
of this campaign was clear. A vote for Lincoln was a vote for the
prosecution of the war to the final end. A vote for McClellan was a
vote for compromise and peace on somewhat lesser terms.
160 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
In his intercourse with the Confederates Mr. Warren realized that
it was plain that they took a deep interest in the result of this election.
ft was already no doubt plain to them that the Confederacy could not
succeed, and if McClellan was elected they might hope for better
terms and a more honorable close of the war to them than if the elec-
tiou fell to Lincoln. No question was more common than the one
asking the Union soldiers' opinion of the result of this election, and
always with an expression of their hope that McClellan might be
elected.
As the time for the election drew near Mr. Warren was, with some
twelve hundred of his comrades, still in the hospital stockade outside
the prison pen of Andersonville. All the prisoners from the stockade
proper, or " bull pen," as the prisoners termed it, had been removed
to other localities further out of the line of Sherman's line of march,
but the hospital camp of disabled men still remained. The Union sol-
diers saw but little hope of exchange, were with but slight protection
from the weather and with insufficient food, and saw no movement
on the part of the Confederates to provide for them in any better way.
The men were rapidly being depleted in numbers by death, as no new
ones were sent to take their places. A more representative body of
men could not have been found, gathered from all parts of the Union,
driftwood which the high tide of war had stranded on the sands of
Georgia. Away from all that usually tends to promote enthusiasm,
all their conditions called loudly for peace at any price. Under these
circumstances, the Confederate authorities would naturally feel that
a vote of these men would be an indication of the sentiments of the
communities from which they were drawn, and more positively still
an indication of the settled purpose of these men in regard to the
prosecution of the war.
Of their own accord, the rebel authorities improvised camp fires
within the hospital yard around which the men gathered and were
harangued by speakers of both parties. The Republicans, however,
said but little, as naturally they did not wish to antagonize the Con-
federate authorities. Those who took the Democratic side were more
prominent and did the larger part of the talking. These camp fires
made a deep impression on Mr. Warren's mind, as the wornout, sick,
and crippled men gathered around and listened to what was said,
while outside the circle of these men hovered all the garrison of the
rebel camp which was not immediately on duty.
On the day of the election printed ballots were distributed for Lin-
coln and McClellan, under the direct supervision of the rebel officers,
who, hoAvever, did not seek to influence the action of the men one way
or the other. The result was a majority of about four hundred votes
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 161
for Lincoln. It was a constituency which sent no representative. The
ballot was never counted outside the rebel camp and no returns were
ever made, but it is doubtful whether votes ever counted for more, or
whether the tottering Confederacy ever received a more telling blow
than this majority of two to one from the wornout men of Anderson-
ville stockade.
From that day to this Mr. Warren has been an unswerving Repub-
lican, deeply and at times actively interested in the fortunes of the
party, and always influential in its councils. In 1873 and 1874 he
served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives from West-
brook. He was Treasurer of the Town of Westbrook from 1870 to
1874, a member of the Westbrook City Council in 1891. 1892, and 1894,
and President of that body in 1892. He is a Trustee of the Westbrook
Memorial Library, of the Maine Missionary Society, and of the Ban-
gor Theological Seminary, and a member of Cloudman Post, Grand
Army of the Republic.
Mr. Warren was married November 18, 1869, to Miss Hattie Brown,
of Wauwatosa, Wis. They have had four children : Joseph A ., born
September 10, 1870; John B., born March 10, 1872, died March 10,
1882; Mortimer, born December 17, 1873; and Lois Warren, born Sep-
tember 5. 1884.
MALL, JOHN CHASE, is an acknowledged political leader
and representative business man, one who has a potent
voice in the councils of his party, and was for a time Post-
master of Portland. His family represent, in the various
lines of descent, all the leading characteristics that have made New
England famous. His father, Richard Small, a merchant and farmer,
was a descendant of Francis Small, an immigrant from England early
in the Colonial period, and while a resident of Maine and Vermont
was, in the latter State, a member of the State Legislature. His
mother, Abba Jose, also came from distinguished English ancestry,
well known in the early settlement of Maine, and a brother was for
many years a leading physician in Portland.
John C. Small was born in Buxton, Me., November 5, 1842. He was
educated in the public schools of his native town, and also had the ad-
ditional advantages of an academic course in Lancaster, N. H. His
uncle, C. E. Jose, gave him his first business experience, giving him
employment as a clerk in 1859. In 1866 he was admitted as a partner
in the firm of C. E. Jose & Co., the leading wholesale house in the china
and glass trade in Maine.
162
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
In 1887 Mr. Small engaged in the lumber trade in Bartlett, N. H.,
and continued there until 1891, when he was appointed Postmaster of
Portland, Me., by President Harrison. His residence has always been
retained in Portland, and since his retirement from the office of Post-
master he has been the Executive Agent of the Mutual Life Insurance
Company, of New York City.
Mr. Small has been prominent in other capacities. He is a member
of the Masonic Order, having obtained the 32d degree. He is also a
member of the Cumberland and Lincoln Clubs of Portland and one of
the executors of the estate of H. N. Jose.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 1(53
His wife, Mary S. Dresser, represents several old families of Maine.
Their children are Sally B., wife of John M. Kimball, of Boston,
Mass.; Kichard Dresser Small, a graduate of Harvard College in the
class of 1891, and now a resident physician in Portland; and John C.
Small, Jr.
ULSIFER, AUGUSTUS MOSES, one of the leading lawyers
and business men of Auburn, Me., is the son of Dr. Moses
Rust Pulsifer and Mary Strout Duun, aud is descended in
the sixth generation from John Pulsifer, of Gloucester,
Mass., through David Pulsifer2, of Gloucester; David Pulsifer3, of
Gloucester, and later of Poland, Me.; Jonathan Pulsifer4, of Glou-
cester, Mass., and of Poland, Me.; and Dr. Moses Rust Pulsifer3, of
^linot and Ellsworth, Me.
Mr. Pulsifer was born in Sullivan, Hancock County, Me., on the loth
of June, 1834. He was educated at Hebron Academy, at Wesleyan
Seminary at Kent's Hill, at Waterville Academy, at Waterville Col-
lege, now Colby University (which he attended one year) , aud at Bow-
doin College, all in his native State. He was graduated from Bowdoin
in the class of 1858, with membership in the Delta Kappa Epsilon fra-
ternity. After graduation Mr. Pulsifer taught in the public schools of
Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire, and was Principal of
Lewiston Falls Academy in Auburn, Me., in 1858 and 1859. He read
law in the office of Record, Walton & Luce in Auburn and was ad-
mitted to the Androscoggin County bar in September, 1860. Since
then he has been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of
his profession in Auburn.
From 1870 to 1873 Mr. Pulsifer served as County Attorney of An-
droscoggin County. He has also officiated as Chairman of the School
Board of Auburn, as President of the Auburn Board of Water Com-
missioners (organized in 1895), as President of the Auburn Common
Council, and as one of the projectors of the Auburn Aqueduct Com-
pany. He was also largely interested in the building of the Roak
Block in Auburn.
Mr. Pulsifer has been exceedingly active and successful in business
matters and in the promotion of various corporate and public enter-
prises. In 1870 he organized the Little Androscoggin Water Power
Company, which he has ever since served as Treasurer. This corpora-
tion owns and operates the Barker Cotton Mill in Auburn, of which
Mr. Pulsifer is Treasurer and Managing Director, as well as Selling
Agent. He was one of the founders and has continuously been a
164 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Trustee of the Auburn Public Library, was one of the incorporators
of the Auburn Young Men's Christian Association, and was one of
the founders of the Sixth Street Congregational Church of Auburn,
of which he is a prominent member. He has ever been a leader in
temperance work, a public spirited and progressive citizen, and thor-
oughly identified with the affairs of his city and State. He is a mem-
ber of the Maine Historical Society, of the Maine Genealogical So-
ciety, and of the Home Market Club, of Boston, and was President of
the Elaine Republican Club of Auburn during the Presidential cam-
paign of 1884.
In politics Mr. Pulsifer has always been an ardent Republican, and
for many years has been prominently identified with party affairs. Be-
sides serving as President of the Auburn Common Council and as
Chairman of the School Committee he has held no public office, yet he
has constantly taken an active interest in local politics and public
matters. His extensive business interests have demanded and re-
ceived his unceasing attention, and in their development he has dis-
played eminent business qualities, superior judgment, and great ex-
ecutive ability.
Mr. Pulsifer was married July 2, 18G3, to Harriet Little Chase,
daughter of Hon. George W. Chase, of Auburn, Me. They have seven
children : Janet Deane Pulsifer, for several years at the head of the
Art Department of Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio;
James Augustus Pulsifer, a graduate of Colby University in the class
of 1888. a member of the Delta Kappa Kpsilmi fraternity, a graduate
of the Columbia Law School at Washington, D.C., and now an attorney
at law and member of the law firm of Oakes, Pulsifer & Ludden, of
Auburn, Me., and was married in 1893 to Adelaide L. Hayes, of Malone,
X. Y., and has two children, James Hayes and Mary Augusta; Tappan
Chase Pulsifer, M.D., a graduate of Bates College in the class of 1895,
a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York
in the class of 1899, and now a practicing physician at Berlin, X. H.;
Mary Helen Pulsifer, who attended Mount Holyoke Seminary and is
now teaching school at Auburn, Me. ; Chase Pulsifer, a graduate of
Bowdoin College in the class of 1897, a member of the Psi Upsilou
fraternity, and a Corporal in the Maine Artillery which served in
Cuba during the late war with Spain; Nathan Pulsifer, a graduate of
Bates College in the class of 1899, Captain of the college football and
baseball teams, prominent in all the general athletic affairs of the col-
lege, and instructor of athletics at Hebron Academy in 1899; and
Harriet Chase Pulsifer, a graduate of Edward Little High School in
1899, being valedictorian of her class.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 165
ONNOR, SELDEN, LL.D., of Augusta, Governor of Maine
from 1875 to 1878 and one of the most distinguished men
in the Pine Tree State, is the son of William and Mary
(Bryant) Connor, and was born in Fairfield, Me., January
25, 1839. William Connor was a leading man in the business and
political affairs of the community in which he resided. He was among
the earliest and strongest advocates of railroads in Maine, and was a
Director of the Peuobscot and Kennebec and the Androscoggin and
Kennebec Eailroads, now a part of the Maine Central system. In
politics he was a Whig until the formation of the Republican party,
with which he ever afterward affiliated, being a delegate to the first
Republican National Convention in 1856 that nominated General
John C. Fremont for the Presidency. He was a member of the Legis-
lature of Maine in 1835 with Hannibal Harnlin and others of National
reputation, and served several terms subsequently from time to time
in the State Senate and House of Representatives.
Selden Connor attended the Fairfield common schools, St. Albans
Academy, Monmouth Academy, and Westbrook Seminary, and was
graduated from Tufts College, Massachusetts, in the class of 1859.
After graduation he began the study of law in the office of Washburn
& Marsh, at Woodstock, Vt.
In 1861 he enlisted in the First Vermont Regiment under Lincoln's
first call for three months' men and was mustered out of service in
August of that year, having served his term of enlistment. He then
returned to Maine and re-entered the service as Lieutenant-Colonel
of the Seventh Regiment Maine Volunteers. In 1863 he was commis-
sioned Colonel of the Nineteenth Maine Regiment, to which he was
transferred. Colonel Connor was soon made brigade commander in
the Second Division, Second Army Corps, in which capacity he con-
tinued until the re-organization of the Army of the Potomac in 1864.
In the battle of the Wilderness on May 6, 1864, he received a severe
wound in his left thigh, badly shattering the thigh bone, from the
effects of which he suffered for more than a year in the hospitals at
Fredericksburg and Washington. In August, 1865, he was sent to his
father's home at Fairfield, Me. He was commissioned Brigadier-Gen-
eral of Volunteers in June, 1864, by President Lincoln.
After the war General Connor entered upon a long and honorable
political career. In 1868 he was appointed Assessor of Internal Rev-
enue for the Third District of Maine and later was made Collector for
the same district, holding that office until it was abolished, when he
was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the State. This office
he held until 1875, when he resigned to accept the nomination of Gov-
ernor of Maine. He was elected that year and was re-elected in 1876
166 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and again in 1877, serving three terms with eminent ability. He re-
ceived a fourth nomination, but failed of election by the people, the
law then requiring a majority to elect. In 1882 President Arthur ap-
pointed Governor Connor Pension Agent for the State of Maine, which
office he held for several years. He afterward engaged in business as
President of the Northern Banking Company in Portland, Me., which
position he held till 1893, when he was appointed Adjutant-General of
the State. In May, 1897, he was appointed United States Pension
Agent for the Augusta Agency, and still holds that office.
General Connor has long been one of the foremost Republican lead-
ers of Maine. Joining the party as soon as he was old enough to vote,
he has continuously been a moving spirit in its councils, active in its
campaigns, and a fountain of wisdom and superior judgment in direct-
ing its affairs. No man has been more zealous in furthering its inter-
ests. He is a Director of the Union Mutual Life Insurance Company,
of Augusta, is Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief of the Military Order
of the Loyal Legion of the United States, is a member of the Society of
American Wars and of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and is a prom-
inent member and former President of the Society of the Army of the
Potomac. He is also a member of the Grand Army of the Republic,
having served as Senior Vice-Commander and Commander of the De-
partment of Maine. In 1877 Tufts College conferred upon him the
honorary degree of LL.D.
In October, 1869, General Connor was married in Washington, D.C.,
to Henrietta W. Bailey, and they have two daughters : Mabel and
Rosamond.
HITEHOUSE, FRANCIS CLARK, manager of the extensive
pulp and paper mills at Lisbon Falls and Topsham, Me., is
of English descent, his ancestors being chiefly farmers in
New Hampshire. His paternal grandfather moved from
that State to Oxford, Oxford County, Me., where he cleared a farm and
resided until his death. His father, Benjamin Whitehouse, was also a
farmer. His mother, Susan Cobb (Putnam) Whitehouse, was de-
scended on her father's side from the Putnam family of Salem and
Danvers, Mass., her mother being Susan Cobb, a sister of Dr. Sylvauus
Cobb, a distinguished Universalist minister and author, of Boston.
Francis C. Whitehouse was born in Oxford, Oxford County, Me., Sep-
tember 18, 1845, and remained on the parental farm until he was six-
teen years of age, acquiring in the meantime his education in the Ox-
ford common schools and at the High School in the adjoining Town of
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 167
Norway. In 1863 he became a clerk in a Norway drug store, and from
1865 to 1867 he was route messenger for the Canadian Express Com-
pany on the Grand Trunk Railroad between Norway and Portland and
Portland and Montreal. He was then for six years engaged in the dry
goods and clothing business at Mechanic Falls, Me., being associated
with Dwinal Brothers & Golderman and during the last two years be-
ing a member of the firm of Dwinal, Golderman & Co. After one year
(1873-74) in the employ of the Denison Paper Manufacturing Com-
pany, of Mechanic Falls, he went in December, 1874, to Brunswick,
Me., and connected himself with the Bowdoiu Paper Manufacturing
Company, and since 1889 has had the management of that concern. In
1889 he organized the Lisbon Falls Fibre Company, built the large mill
of that corporation, and is now its successful Manager and Treasurer.
In 1893 the Pejepscot Paper Company was organized, and as its Treas-
urer and Manager Mr. Whitehouse erected their large mill, which was
completed in 1895. He is now Vice-President and Manager of the Bow-
doin Paper Manufacturing Company, Treasurer and Manager of the
Lisbon Falls Fibre Company, Treasurer and Manager of the Pejepscot
Paper Company, Secretary of W. H. Parsons & Co. (incorporated), of
New York City, and a Director in each corporation.
Mr. Whitehouse has always been a Republican, but though active
and influential in public affairs, and ever willing to serve his town and
State, has never sought office, his extensive business interests de-
manding and receiving his constant attention. He has, however, filled
several positions with characteristic ability and success. He resides
in Topsham, Sagadahoc County, Me., and is a member of the Superin-
tending Committee of that town. In 1899 he became a member of the
State Senate and served on several important committees. He is a
member of United Lodge, F. and A. M., and of St. Paul Chapter, E.
A.M., of Brunswick, and of Dunlap Commandery, K.T., of Bath, Me.
April 15, 1869, Mr. Whitehouse married Mary Elizabeth Pettie, of
Mechanic Falls, Me. They have had four children : Ada Frances,
Abbie Etta, Francis Adna (deceased), and Susan Mary.
SGOOD, HENRY SMITH, resident Manager of the Amer-
ican Express Company at Portland, Me., is the son of Dr.
Amos Osgood, a well known physician and surgeon, and
Lucy B. Chase, his wife. His ancestors came from England
to Massachusetts at an early period in the history of this country, and
from them sprang the Osgoods who settled in New Hampshire from
whom Dr. Amos Osgood originated.
168 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Henry S. Osgood was born in North Yarmouth, Me. He acquired
an excellent training in the academies of that town, in Bethel,
and in Bridgton, all in his native State, graduating from the
latter institution in 1856. Although liberally educated on gen-
eral lines, he was trained especially for a business life, yet, like
many New England boys, he taught public schools for several terms.
In March, 1857, he began his career in the express business as a part-
ner of George Carpenter, of Augusta, Me. In 1859 this business passed
into the hands of the Eastern Express Company, in which Mr. Osgood
became a partner in 1863. In 1880 this company sold out to the Amer-
ican Express Company, with which Mr. Osgood has been associated as
resident Manager in Portland ever since.
Aside from his public services as the local head and master of an
important and useful commercial institution, Mr. Osgood has long
been prominent in the business and financial affairs of the city. He
was one of the founders and is President of the Casco Loan and Build-
ing Association, the largest concern of its kind in the State. He is also
a Director in the Chapman National Bank of Portland, a Director in
several other large corporations, a member of the Portland Board of
Trade, and a member of the Portland and Athletic Clubs. His social
status is of the highest. He was also for nine years Treasurer of the
Maine State Agricultural Society.
In politics Mr. Osgood has always been an earnest and active Eepub-
lican. He has served as a member of the Augusta Common Council,
as a member of the Board of Aldermen of Augusta, as United States
Eevenue Officer under President Grant, and as a member of Governor
Coburn's staff with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. In public mat-
ters, in business and political affairs, and in social circles he is recog-
nized as a leader of great efficiency, as a liberal contributor to all
worthy objects, and as a public spirited, progressive citizen and busi-
ness man. In voicing the sentiment of the city's business interests the
Portland Board of Trade Journal said of him not long ago :
" Colonel Osgood is one of the prominent and progressive business
men of Portland. Well educated, and having acquired a most thor-
ough knowledge of business, his management of his business here has
been vigorous and progressive, and has met the popular demands of
the public so satisfactorily that a great business has grown up of
which no complaints are ever heard among our business men, because
Mr. Osgood has given close personal attention in seeing that goods or
funds intrusted to his care are carefully and promptly delivered, and
they know if any complaints should be made the matter would be at
once satisfactorily and equitably adjusted. Hence the American Ex-
press Company under its present business-like administration is one
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 169
of the institutions in which Portland people have pride and confi-
dence."
Colonel Osgood was married on the 15th of December, 1859, to Eliza
Frances Sawin, of Augusta, Me. They have one son, Wallace Chase
Osgood.
IMBALL, JOHN HAZEN, of Bath, Me., was born in Concord,
N. H., July 14, 1823, the son of Samuel Ayer and Eliza
(Hazen) Kimball. He is of the seventh generation in
descent from Richard Kimball, who, with his wife, Ursula
Scott, came from Suffolk County, England, in 1634, to Watertown,
Mass. The line is through Benjamin Kimball2 and Mary Hazeltiiie,
Richard Kimball3 and Mehitable Day, Benjamin Kimball4 and Pris-
cilla Hazen, John Kimball5 and Anna Ayer, and Samuel Ayer Kim-
ball6 and Eliza Hazen.
Mr. Kimball was educated in the common schools of Concord, N. H.,
and at Fryeburg (Me.) and Phillips Andover Academies. He taught
school for two years in Charles County, Md., and for a time was clerk
in the office of the Adjutant-deneral of New Hampshire. He studied
law in the office of Judge Samuel Wells, of Portland, Me., and was ad-
mitted to the bar of Cumberland County in November, 1846. In
1847 and 1848 he practiced law in Parsonsfield and Topsham, Me. He
removed to Bath, Me., in 1849, practiced his profession there for a
few years, and then engaged in the fire and marine insurance business,
in navigation, and in railroad enterprises. For several years he was
a Director of the Central Vermont Railroad and a Director and Presi-
dent of the Androscoggin Railroad. He was Treasurer of the Bath
Savings Institution for twenty-five years (1852 to 1877) . He has also
been largely engaged in cattle ranching and lands in Montana, Ne-
braska, and Wyoming.
Mi'. Kimball has served in both branches of the Bath city govern-
ment, and was a Representative to the Maine Legislature in 1878 and
1879 and State Senator from 1883 to 1885. In the Senate he served
as Chairman of the Committees on Fish and Game, in which impor-
tant position he was largely instrumental in procuring the enactment
of necessary laws for the protection of the fish and game in the State.
The marked increase of big game in the Maine woods in the last few
years shoAvs the wisdom of this legislation, and stamps Mr. Kimball
as a man eminently worthy of the confidence and respect of the peo-
ple, and in every way qualified for future political honors and public
recognition.
170 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
An active and enthusiastic Republican from the time he cast his
first vote, Mr. Kimball served as Presidential Elector in 1882, and as
a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1888.
Mr. Kimball married Annie Humphreys November 5, 1851. She
was the daughter of John C. and Angeliue (Whitmore) Humphreys,
of Brunswick, Me., and died December 11, 1890. They had five chil-
dren: Edward Hazen, born August 14, 1854; Samuel Ayer, born
August 28, 1857; Frederick Humphreys, born February 23, 1861; John
McKinstry, born November 14, 1863; and Harry Whitmore, born
December 13, 1865. Mr. Kimball married, second, Elizabeth Dike,
May 27, 1896. She is the daughter of Rev. Samuel F. and Miriam
(Worcester) Dike, of Bath, Me.
RATT, HERBERT LEANDER, of Lewiston, Me., was born in
Grafton, Mass., on the 5th of September, 1850. He is the
son of Leander S. Pratt, a well known cotton manufac-
turer, and Martha Haynes, his wife. His paternal ances-
tors have been engaged in cotton manufacturing in Worcester County,
Mass., for many years.
Mr. Pratt was educated in the public schools of Grafton and WTorces-
ter, in his native State, and at an early age entered his father's mill at
Grafton. This establishment was known as the Quaker Mills, and Mr.
Pratt continued to work in all departments until he gained a wide and
valuable experience in the business. Later he went to Tilton, N. H.,
where he remained four years, and thence to Samoset Mills in Ply-
mouth, Mass., where he remained five years. Afterward he was for
six years in charge of the Cornwall Mills at Cornwall, Ontario, Can.,
and during the past fifteen years has been the Agent for the Bates
Manufacturing Company at Lewiston, Me., where he resides.
Mr. Pratt has always had a decided fondness for reading anything
touching upon his business, and is one of the best posted men upon
cotton manufacturing in New England. He has prepared a number of
important papers which Avere read and discussed at meetings of the
New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association, and his opinions
have always carried great weight. His business career has been an
eminently successful one, and has brought him into contact with al-
most every line of cotton industry in the country. Mr. Pratt has al-
ways been a Republican, deeply interested in the welfare of his party,
yet never seeking or accepting public office. His business has always
demanded his attention to the exclusion of all political preferment,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 171
which has often been urged upon him. He is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, of the Calumet Club of Lewiston, and of the Pine Street
Congregational Church of that city.
On November 30, 1876, Mr. Pratt married Abbie A. Hayden. They
have four children : Anna H., Albert S., Edward L., and Martha H.
Pratt.
EWELL, DEXXY KELLY, Postmaster of Hallowell, Me.,
was born at Bath, in that State, on the 25th of June, 1847,
bis parents being George M. Jewell and Alice J. Donnell.
His paternal ancestors, who were sturdy Presbyterians,
came to this country from England in the Colonial period, and for
several generations have been prominent and influential in their re-
spective communities.
Mr. Jewell received his education in the public schools of Augusta,
Me., and in 1869 removed to Hallowell. He was agent for the Ameri-
can Express Company at Hallowell for fifteen years, and at one time
Avas engaged in photography, doing a very large business.
Politically Mr. Jewell has always been a stanch Republican, active
and iutiuential in party affairs, and an acknowledged leader of the
party in his section. He served several terms each as City Clerk and
City Liquor Agent of Hallowell, was Chairman of the Republican
City Committee for fourteen years, and in 1895 was elected to repre-
sent that city in the State Legislature. He was re-elected to the
latter office in 1897 and thus served through two full terms of two
years each, and during his service in that body proved to be a valuable
member and an able legislator. During his first term he was a mem-
ber of the Committees on Labor and Interior Waters, and during his
second term he served on the latter committee, on the Committee on
Ways and Means, and on several special committees, and was also
Secretary of the Eastern Maine Hospital Commission.
Mr. Jewell was for five years n mail clerk on the Bangor and Boston
Railroad Postoffice, and in the Cleveland administration was one of
the very first to tender his resignation, informing Postmaster-General
Vilas that he Avas a firm believer in the civil service rules of Andrew
Jackson : " to the victor belong the spoils." Mr. Jewell received his
first appointment as Postmaster of Hallowell from President Harri-
son, April 23, 1889. He was again appointed to that office May 2, 1898,
receiving his commission from President McKinley. He has dis-
charged his duties with acknowledged ability and satisfaction. Many
important reforms and improvements have been inaugurated under
172 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
bis administration, and the office has been conducted in a thoroughly
business-like manner.
Versatility has always been a predominating quality in the char-
acter of Mr. Jewell. He is a man to be relied upon in any undertaking,
and in every capacity has displayed those eminent mental qualities
which mark the successful, patriotic, and respectable citizen. He. is
prominently identified with the affairs of his native State and adopted
town, active in promoting every worthy object, and one of the fore-
most citizens of that section. He is a member of Kennebec Lodge,
F. and A. M., of Hallowell, and of the Ancient Order of United Work-
men.
Mr. Jewell married Florence A. Johnson, of Hallowell, and they
have three children : Samuel G., Katharine A., and George Manley
Jewell.
HEPHEKD, HERBEHT LESLIE, well known in business and
political circles, was born June 7, 1850, in Kockport, Me.,
where he still resides. He is the son of Jotham and Mar-
garet (Ingraham) Shepherd. His father was at an early
day engaged in the manufacture of lime, the limestone formation
being particularly abundant in Roekport and adjoining towns, and of
a superior quality.
Mr. Shepherd attended the common schools of his native town, and
later Bills's Commercial College in Boston, Mass. At the age of
eighteen he entered the employ of Merriam & Shepherd as clerk and
bookkeeper. When this firm was succeeded by the firm of Shepherd,
Jones & Co. he was retained. In 1880 the firm was re-organized, and
young Shepherd became an equal partner in the new firm of S. E. &
H. L. Shepherd. In 1893 the concern was organized into a stock com-
pany, under the name of S. E. & H. L. Shepherd Company, with Mr.
Shepherd as Vice-President and General Manager, positions which he
held until December, 1899, when he was elected President, his brother,
O. P. Shepherd, becoming Vice-President and General Manager. The
S. E. & H. L. Shepherd Company has recently sold its entire lime
property to the Eockland-Kockport Lime Company, which has an
authorized capital of |2,000,000, and Mr. H. L. Shepherd is a mem-
ber of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee of the new
company.
Mr. Shepherd has conducted the lime business successfully, availing
himself of all improved methods and modern machinery, and contrib-
uting much to the general stock of modern usages and labor-saving
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
173
devices. He was the first to demonstrate the great advantage of trans-
porting the limerock from the quarries to the kilns by steam power,
and the Kockport Railroad was built in 1887, Mr. Shepherd being
chosen Treasurer and (Joneral Manager. The lime business in Knox
County has gradually increased from the date of the first kiln started
by General Kiiox in 1783 until 1898, when the output amounted to
about two million casks. The various brands of lime manufactured
HERBERT L. SHEPHERD.
by the S. E. & H. L. Shepherd Company, and its successor, the Rock-
land-Rockport Lime Company, at Rockport, stand second to none
produced in Knox County or elsewhere. It is a high grade arti-
cle, being particularly adapted for plastering, skimming, and finish-
ing. It is of unusual whiteness, consequently very desirable, and is
extensively used in costly buildings, and commands the highest prices.
Much credit is due Mr. Shepherd for the energy and push he has dis-
174 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
played in connecting Rocklaud, Thomaston, Rockport, and Camden
by an electric railroad, which is pronounced by experts to be one of
the most completely equipped and best managed electric roads in New
England. He is a Director in this electric road; Treasurer and Man-
ager of the United Gas and Electric Company, of Dover, N. H; Super-
intendent of Maine agencies of the Union Mutual Life Insurance Com-
pany, of Portland; a Director in the Knox Gas and Electric Company,
of Bockland, Me.; Treasurer of the Oxford Light Company and the
Norway and Paris Street Railway, of Norway, Me. ; and President and
a Director of the Berwick Power Company.
In politics Mr. Shepherd is an ardent Republican. He was chosen
to represent his town in the Legislature of 1870-77. In 1878 he was
appointed Deputy Sheriff, and in 1880 was made Inspector and Deputy
Collector of Customs for the Ports of Camden and Kockport, being re-
moved under the Cleveland administration and re-appointed in 1889.
It was largely through his efforts that Rockport was made a port of
delivery, thereby placing it in its proper position among the commer-
cial ports of the world, and giving prominence to its ship building in-
dustry, which has gained a wide reputation.
Mr. Shepherd was a member of the Executive Council of Governor
Cleaves in 1895-9G, representing the Fifth District in an able manner.
In 1898 he was elected to the State Senate, and is a useful and influen-
tial member of that honorable body.
Although an active business man, he finds time to entertain his
friends (who are very numerous) and those interested in the de-
velopment of the State of Maine's unrivaled resources. He contrib-
utes liberally to the various churches in town, and is especially kind
to the poor. No deserving applicant ever applied to him and failed to
receive prompt and courteous attention, whether it was in the way of
charity or assisting them to employment or positions of trust.
OUSENS, LYMAN M., one of the leading dry goods mer-
chants of Portland, Me., is the son and only child of Will-
iam Cousens and Mary J. Whitman, and a grandson of
John Cousens, one of the first settlers of Poland in the Pine
Tree State. William Cousens, his father, was a prominent merchant
in Poland, where he died in 1870. His wife, Mary J. Whitman, died in
1846. Mr. Cousens was born in Poland, Androscoggin County, Me.,
January 10, 1840, and there received his public school education. Sub-
sequently he attended Gorham (Me.) Academy, and on leaving that
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 175
institution entered upon a four years' clerkship at Minot Corner, near
his native town. At the end of that period he established himself in
business and successfully conducted a growing trade for four years,
when he became a member of the firm of Marr, True & Co., dealers in
flour in Portland, Me. Later he was for five years a partner in the
firm of D. W. True & Co., and still later was for ten years senior mem-
ber of the firm of Cousens & Tomlinson. He then formed his present
connection under the firm name of Milliken, Cousens & Short and en-
gaged extensively in the dry goods jobbing business, handling the
products of a number of mills for which they are agents, and dealing
with the leading dry goods houses of the New England and other East-
ern States.
Mr. Cousens is also actively and prominently identified with various
financial enterprises and institutions in Portland, being a Director of
the Portland National Bank, a member of the Executive Committee of
the Union Safe Deposit and Trust Company, and President of the Dana
Cotton AVarp Mills. He is also President of the Board of Trustees of
the Payson Memorial Church and a Trustee of Evergreen Cemetery,
both of Portland. In politics he has always been an ardent Repub-
lican. He has never sought office, however, his large business inter-
ests demanding his entire attention. As a citizen, deeply interested
in the affairs of the community, he has rendered most efficient service
to his party and State, and is widely esteemed and honored. He is a
man of great energy, ability, and force of character, active and promi-
nent in social circles, and one whose opinion carries weight and
prestige.
Mr. Cousens was married December 8, 1870. to Mary E., daughter of
John and Mary (Abbott) True, of Portland, Me. They have two chil-
dren : William T. and Lyman A.
OODMAN, CHARLES BABB, Postmaster of Westbrook,
Me., and one of the leading Republicans of that section,
was born in Westbrook on the 6th of July, 1841, his parents
being Benjamin J. Woodman and Charlotte F. Babb. He
is a descendant of one of three brothers who came from England in
1635 and settled in Newbury, Mass. The family has since been an
important one in New England, taking a prominent part in the War
of the Revolution, in the professions, and in all civil and commercial
affairs.
Mr. Woodman was educated in the public schools of Westbrook and
176 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
at Gorham Academy in his native State, and after graduating from
the latter institution commenced an active business life in the employ
of the Portland Steam Packet Company, running from Portland to
Boston. He remained with that corporation until the breaking out
of the Civil War, when he went South in the transport service and so
continued until the close of the Rebellion. This transport service con-
sisted of the carrying of supplies to the army, of the transportation of
troops and wounded and sick soldiers, and of various other duties
connected with that department. In 1869 he engaged in the drug
business, which he has followed with marked success down to the
present time, having the chief drug store in Westbrook.
Politically Mr. Woodman has always been an active and influential
Republican, and for many years one of the most trustworthy leaders
of the party in his section of the State. He was Town Clerk and
Treasurer of Westbrook from 1878 to 1888, Town Auditor for two
years, and when Westbrook was chartered as a city he became a mem-
ber of the City Council. In 1895, 1896, and 1897 he was a mem-
ber of the Board of Aldermen, being President of the board during
the latter year. He was elected to represent Westbrook in the State
Legislature for 1885, 1886, and 1887, serving on the Committees on In-
sane Asylums, Banks and Banking, and Claims. For twenty-five
years he has been a valued member of the Republican City Commit-
tee, and has also served most efficiently as a member of the Repub-
lican County Committee and of the First Congressional District
Republican Committee. In April, 1890. he was appointed Postmaster
of Westbrook by President Harrison and served four years, and was
again appointed to the office (which he now holds ) in March, 1899, by
President McKinley.
In all these capacities Mr. Woodman has served with marked abil-
ity, energy, and satisfaction, bringing to his duties the same high
efficiency and integrity of character which he has displayed in his
business relations. For more than a quarter of a century he has been
an active leader of the Republican party in his city and county. He
is a man of great force of character, earnest and influential in the pro-
motion of all worthy objects, thoroughly identified with the best in-
terests of his native town and State, and prominent as a citizen and
man of affairs. In the Legislature, in both town and city offices, as
Postmaster, and as a Republican Committeeman he has displayed
those broad intellectual qualities which win admiration, and has
gained for himself a high standing in the community. He has dis-
charged every duty with satisfaction and honor and enjoys the confi-
dence and respect of all who know him. He is a Director in the West-
brook, Windham, and Naples Electric Railway Company, and a prom-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 177
inent member of Temple Lodge, No. 86, F. and A. M., of Westbrook,
of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and of the Knights of
Pythias.
Mr. Woodman was married at Waterville, Me., July 30, 1863, to
Clyde W. Spears. They have four children: Charles Harold, Guy
Perley, Dr. George M., and Benjamin J. Woodman, each of whom was
graduated from the Westbrook schools. Dr. George M. Woodman is
a graduate of the Maine Medical School and a practicing physician
in South Windham.
ONES, EDWAKI) CLA HENCE, of Portland, Me., is descend-
ed on both sides from two of the oldest and most prominent
families in the Pine Tree State. His paternal ancestor,
Timothy Jones, came to this country from Wales about
1630. On his mother's side he is a lineal descendant of Sir Arthur
Ingram or Ingraham, and her family came to America from what is
now Leeds, England, in 1630. His father, Benjamin WTorth Jones,
was a prominent citizen and for some time Port Warden of Port-
land, Me. His mother was Cordelia Ingraham Jones.
Edward Clarence Jones was born May 31, 1853, in Portland, Me.,
where he has always resided. He attended the Portland public
schools, where he laid the foundation upon which he has built a suc-
cessful business career. For twenty years he was one of the leading
booksellers of Portland, conducting a large and successful bookstore
under the firm name of Stevens & Jones. Latterly, however, he has
been engaged in the business of general insurance and adjusting, in
which he has achieved a reputation that extends throughout the
Slate.
While Mr. Jones has always been an ardent and consistent Repub-
lican, prominent and influential in public affairs, and an acknowl-
edged leader in party councils, he has never cared for nor accepted
political honors, though often urged to do so. He has devoted him-
self almost exclusively to his business interests, taking, however, a
deep interest in the affairs of his native city and State, and in a quiet
way rendering efficient service to his party. He is prominently con-
nected with the New York Underwriters and many other large insur-
ance companies, with the Jones Ueal Estate Company, and with the
Southworth Brothers Company, printers. He is a member of the
Lincoln Club, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Im-
proved Order of lied Men, of the Yacht Club of Portland, of the Port-
land Genealogical Association, of the Portland Board of Trade, and of
other important organizations.
178 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Jones was married on the 28th of December, 1880, to Lilla
Smith Bremer, of Portland, Me. They have one child, a daughter,
Ethel Maitland Jones, who was born in Portland on the 22d of July,
1890.
USE, HIRAM AUGUSTUS, Postmaster of Bath, Me., is the
son of Joseph and Hannah (Perl ey) Huse, and a descendant
of ancestors who came to this country from England at an
early day. His mother's family were Quakers. He was
born in Wilton, Me., September 17, 1840, and in early life removed to
Bath, where he received a good public school education.
Mr. Huse has been for many years successfully engaged in the live
stock business in Bath, and is Avidely known as one of the ablest
business men of that section. He has always been an ardent and
loyal Republican, but has never sought political office, preferring to
devote his entire time to his private affairs. In fact, he has always
avoided political preferment, although he has from the first taken a
deep interest in the public welfare, and on many important occasions
has rendered valuable service to his party. On April 26, 1898, he was
appointed Postmaster of Bath by President McKinley, and in that
capacity is serving with characteristic ability and universal satisfac-
tion.
In 1870 Mr. Huse married Cordelia Hatch Whippey, and they have
one son, Hiram Augustus Huse, Jr.
HILBROOK, WARREN COFFIN, is one of the leading cit-
izens and Republicans of Waterville, Me., where he has
long resided. He is the son of Luther G. Philbrook and
Angelia Coffin, and was born in Sedgwick, Me., November
30, 1857. When he was twelve years old his parents removed from
Sedgwick to the Village of Castine, in the same State, and there he re-
ceived his early education in the common schools. He was graduated
from the Eastern State Normal School in 1877, from Waterville Clas-
sical Institute in 1878, and from Colby University in 1882. While in
college he won first prize in the Freshman and Sophomore Exhibi-
tions and was class-day orator at graduation. After leaving the uni-
versity he was elected one of the teachers in the State Normal School
at Farmington, Me., where he taught for a year, after which he was
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 179
Principal of the Waterville High School for three years, when he re-
signed.
In the meantime he had been acquiring his legal education in the
offices of E. F. Webb and Reuben Foster, of Waterville, being ad-
mitted to the bar at Augusta, Me., October 21, 1884. He entered upon
the practice of law at Waterville in July, 1887. In April, 1892, he was
appointed Judge of the Municipal Court of Waterville and was re-ap-
pointed to the same office four years later. During the first two years
of his professional career he was a law partner of Hon. Oliver G. Hall,
now a Justice of the Superior Court for Kennebec County. Since then
he has practiced alone, building up a large clientage and a successful
business.
In politics Judge Philbrook has always been a stanch Eepublican,
having served in the years 1891, 1896, and 1897 as Chairman of the
Republican City Committee of Waterville. He was elected a member
of the Maine Legislature in September, 1896, and was re-elected to
that body in 1898. During his second term in the House he was
Chairman of the Judiciary Committee and Chairman of the Commit-
tee on Business. In L899 he was elected Mayor of Waterville. Judge
Philbrook has also served four years (1883, 1894, 1895, and 1896) as a
member of the Waterville Board of Education, one of those years
(1896) as Chairman of the board. He is a Past Master, Past High
Priest, and Past Commander of Knights Templars in the Masonic fra-
ternity, a Past Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and a former Ad-
jutant of the First Maine Regiment of the Uniform Rank, K. P., hav-
ing served in that capacity for four years.
Judge Philbrook is a public spirited, patriotic, and progressive cit-
izen, an able lawyer and jurist, a Unitarian in religion, and a man
whom the entire community honors and respects. He was married
August 21, 1882, to Ada M. Foster, of Waterville, Me.
ESSENDEN, WILLIAM PITT, LL.D., of Maine, was from its
organization until his death one of the most distinguished
leaders the Republican party has had. He was the son of
Samuel Fessenden, and was born in Boscawen, Merrimac
County, N. H., October 16, 1806. He was graduated from Bowdoin
College in 1823, read law, was admitted to the bar, and in 1827 began
the active practice of his profession at Bridgton, Me. In 1829 he
settled in Portland in the same State, and rapidly rose to influence
and eminence as a lawyer of unusual ability.
180 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Early in his career Mr. Fessenden became a prominent Whig in
politics, and in 1832 was sent to the Maine Legislature, where he won
repute in debate, notwithstanding the fact that he was the youngest
member of that body. In 1840 he was again a member of the State
Legislature and a delegate to the National Whig Convention. In
1843, having twice declined the nomination to Congress, he entered
the United States House of Representatives, and there during a single
term achieved distinction as a debater and as an opponent of slavery.
The same year he was a AVhig candidate for the United States Senate.
He served in the Maine Legislature in 1845-46 and 1853, and in 1848
strongly advocated Webster's claim for the Presidency in the National
Whig Convention. In the Whig convention of 1852 he gave his voice
and vote to General AVinfield Scott.
Mr. Fessenden by this time was one of the foremost lawyers in the
country, and as a political leader had achieved a National reputation.
The Free Soil movement had grown to considerable proportions in his
section, and he was elected by a Democratic Legislature in 1853 to the
United States Senate. On the 3d of March, 1S54, soon after taking his
seat in that exalted body, he made a brilliant and effective speech
against the Nebraska Bill, in which he took a position which he
steadily maintained. He became shortly afterward one of the found-
ers and earliest supporters of the Republican party, and from that
time until his death was recognized as one of its most fearless and
consistent leaders. Among his notable speeches in the United States
Senate were those on the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty in 1856, the Dred
Scott Decision in 1857, and the proposed Lecompton Constitution for
Kansas in 1858. In 1859 he was re-elected United States Senator by
acclamation, and in 1861 became Chairman of the Senate Finance
(Committee, of which he had long been a member. In this position
he largely proposed or controlled the financial legislation of that
critical period, rendering essential service to Secretary of the Treasury
Chase, and being very influential in maintaining the National credit.
When Mr. Chase resigned from Lincoln's Cabinet, June 30, 1864, Mr.
Fesseuden at first declined to succeed him, but soon yielded to the
exigencies of the case and to importunity. Perhaps his greatest
achievement as Secretary of the Treasury was the floating of a new
loan in bonds of fifty dollars, bearing 7.30 per cent, interest — an
achievement that obviated the further need of legal-tender issues,
which Mr. Fessenden had always strongly opposed. In March, 1865,
having relieved the stringency, he resigned from the Cabinet to accept
a third election to the United States Senate, and there resumed his
place at the head of the Finance Committee, and also became Chair-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 181
mail of the Committee on Reconstruction, whose memorable report
he wrote.
Mr. Fessenden's lofty independence and eminent statemanship were
displayed in his opposition to the impeachment of President Johnson
in 1868, amid the execrations of his fellow-Republicans. His course
in that eventful crisis has been more than vindicated, for when pas-
sions gave way to wiser counsels it was realized that the few Repub-
licans who had the courage and dared to take this stand had averted
a National calamity. Mr. Fessenden, as a speaker, had few superiors
in Congress. His services as a financier were of the highest value.
His character in public and private life was both solid and blameless.
He was a man possessed of the highest qualities of statesmanship,
and during his career made a record that will ever illuminate the
pages of National history. For a time he was a Regent of the Smith-
sonian Institution. He received the degree of LL.D. from Bowdoin
College in 1858 and from Harvard University in 1864, and died at
Portland, Me., September 8, 1869. His three sons served with dis-
tinction in the Union Army during the Civil War, while two of his
brothers became eminent members of the bar.
ORR1LL, LOT MYRICK, the first Republican Governor of
Maine (1858-60), United States Senator, and Secretary of
the Treasury in (jeneral Grant's Cabinet, was born in Bel-
grade, Kennebec County, Me., May 3, 1813, being one of a
family of seven sons and seven daughters. He received his early edu-
cation in the district schools, working in a saw mill and as a clerk in a
country store out of school hours. His determination to become a
lawyer was formed while he was yet a youth, and with that end in
view he availed himself of every opportunity of study and advance-
ment. When sixteen years old he began teaching school as a means
of earning funds to pay his collegiate expenses. He entered Water-
ville (now Colby) College in 1833, but before graduating became
impatient to prepare himself for the law. and left that institution
to enter the law office of Judge Edward Fuller, of Readfield, Me.,
where he pursued his legal studies. He was admitted to the Maine
bar in 1837, and at once entered into partnership with a fellow-
student, Timothy Howe, in Readfield. whence he moved to Augusta,
Me., in 1841. Here he found a wider field for the exercise of his re-
markable ability, and formed a partnership with James W. Brad-
bury, which continued successfully for many years.
182 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
lii politics Mr. Morrill was originally a Democrat, but was always
opposed to the extension of slavery aiid possessed of strong temper-
ance views. He was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1853 and
again in 1854, and in the latter session received a flattering vote
against Hon. William Pitt Fessenden in the United States Senatorial
contest. He was a member of the State Senate in 1856 and President
of that body in 1857, and during this session gained a State reputation
for his vigorous opposition to the attempted repeal of the prohibitory
laws and the removal of Judge Davis from the bench. He was also
a strong opponent of a resolution pledging the Democratic party in
Maine to further concessions on the slavery question in the territories,
but nevertheless was elected a member of the Democratic State Com-
mittee. He refused to act in that capacity after the Cincinnati Con-
vention of 1856, which nominated James Buchanan for President.
His position is best defined in a sharp letter which he wrote to E.
Wilder Farkey, in which he said : " The candidate is a good one, but
the platform is a flagrant outrage upon the country and an insult to
the North."
Mr. Morrill now became a Republican, and ever afterward acted
and affiliated with that party, gaining a National distinction as one
of its ablest, foremost, and distinguished leaders. He was elected
Governor of Maine on the Republican ticket by a large majority in
1857, and was re-elected in 1858 and again in 1859, serving three
years with conspicuous ability and universal satisfaction. In 1861
he was elected United States Senator to fill the unexpired term of
Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, who had resigned to become Vice-President,
and in 1863 he was re-elected for a full term. He was defeated in
1867 by one vote in the famous Hamlin-Morrill contest for the United
States Senatorship, but was soon called to that office to fill the vacancy
occasioned by the death of Hon. William Pitt Fessenden, which
occurred in September, 1869. Mr. Morrill was again elected United
States Senator for a full term, but resigned in 1876 to accept the posi-
tion of Secretary of the Treasury in General Grant's Cabinet, which
he filled with eminent ability and distinction. So valuable and so
highly appreciated were his services that President Hayes offered
him the choice of any position he might select, and when Mr. Morrill
intimated that the Collectorship of Customs for the Port of Portland
would be most acceptable Mr. Hayes promptly appointed him to that
office.
Mr. Morrill wielded an important influence in both State and
National affairs for more than a generation. A man of eminent
ability, of profound learning, of broad and liberal attainments, he
was ever a faithful public servant, and in both public and private life
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 183
won the admiration, as well as the confidence and respect, of all who
knew him. Generous and warm hearted, lie was a noble man, a typical
New Englander of deserved eminence, and one whose advice and
opinion were sought in important National affairs. His entire life
was characterized by great industry and by unceasing devotion to
duty, to the interests of his constituents, and to his country. He died
in Augusta, Me., on the 10th of January, 1888.
AVIS, DANIEL FRANKLIN, Governor of Maine in 1880,
was the eldest son and second child of Eev. Moses Franklin
Davis, a pioneer and leader of the Christian Church in
Eastern Maine, who died in March, 1874, and of Mary
French, his wife. His American ancestor, Colonel James Davis, came
from England to New Hampshire in the seventeenth century. Gov-
ernor Davis was born in Freedom, Waldo County, Me., September 12,
1843, and was educated in the public schools and by his parents. In
1854 the family removed to Stetson, Me., and in 1863 young Davis
entered East Corinth Academy, but a few weeks later left that insti-
tution to join a company of troops for the Civil War. Enlisting as a
private October 15, 1863, he served until January, 1865, and on his
return re-entered East Corinth Academy, where he remained about
a year. He then attended Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill,
teaching winters, as he had done previously.
In the winter of 1867 Mr. Davis entered the law office of Hon.
Lewis Parker, of Stetson, and was admitted to the bar in 1868. In
August, 1869, he commenced practice at East Corinth. He held some
local offices, took the stump from time to time for the Republican
party, and in 1874 was elected a member of the State House of Rep-
resentatives. In 1878 he represented Penobscot County in the State
Senate, and in the same year was especially active in the Republican
canvass, speaking all over Eastern Maine. His able, exhaustive, and
effective speech on the contested election cases of Madigan v. Burleigh
in the State Senate in 1878 brought him into prominence, and in 1879
he was the Republican candidate for Governor of Maine. Of 138,800
votes cast, he received 68,967, which was not a requisite majority.
The election was, therefore, thrown into the Legislature, then ap-
parently anti-Republican, but found by the Supreme Court to have
been illegally organized, and the one which succeeded it elected Mr.
Davis chief executive of the State.
Governor Davis served with great ability, dignity, and efficiency
184 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
in the executive chair, and at the expiration of his term retired to
private life, opening in January, 1881, a law office in Bangor in part-
nership with Charles A. Bailey. Under President Arthur's admin-
istration he served with great credit as Collector of the Port of
Bangor, and later became very extensively engaged in lumbering
operations. He died January 9, 1897.
New Year's day, 1867, Governor Davis married Laura, only daugh-
ter of William and Mary (Ireland) Goodwin, of East Corinth, Me. Of
their eight children, five survive him : William Franklin, Frederick
Hall, Margaret Ellen, Edward Ireland, and Willis Roswell.
OUTELLE, CHARLES ADDISON, of Bangor, member of
Congress from the Fourth Maine District, was born at
Damariscotta, Lincoln County, Me., February 9, 1839. He
was educated in the public schools of Brunswick and at
Yarmouth Academy, both in his native State, and early adopted the
profession of his father — a shipmaster.
Upon returning from a foreign voyage in the spring of 1862 Mr.
Boutelle volunteered and was appointed Acting Master in the United
States Navy. He served in the North and South Atlantic and West
Gulf Squadrons, taking an active part in the blockade of Charleston
and Wilmington, and participating in the Pocotaligo expedition, in the
capture of St. John's Bluff, and in the occupation of Jacksonville, Fla.
While an officer of the U. S. S. Sassacus he was promoted to a Lieu-
tenancy " for gallant conduct in the engagement with the rebel iron-
clad Albemarle," May 5, 1864. Afterward, while in command of the
U. S. S. Nyanza, he participated in the capture of Mobile and in re-
ceiving the surrender of the Confederate fleet, and was assigned to the
command of the naval forces in Mississippi Sound. Mr. Boutelle was
honorably discharged at his own request January 14, 1866. He then
engaged in commercial business in New York. In 1870 he became
the managing editor, and in 1874 the proprietor, of the Bangor (Me.)
Whi</ and Courier.
Identifying himself with the Republican party, Mr. Boutelle has
been for many years one of its ablest and most distinguished leaders.
He was a district delegate to the National Republican Convention in
1876, a delegate-at-large and Chairman of the Maine delegation to the
National Republican Convention of 1888, and in various other impor-
tant capacities has rendered efficient services toRepublican principles.
In 1880 he was unanimously nominated as the Repiiblican candidate
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 185
for Congress in the Fourth Maiiie District and elected Representa-
tive-at-Large to the Forty-eighth Congress, and elected as Represent-
ative from the Fourth Maine District to the Forty-ninth, Fiftieth,
Fifty-first, Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, and
Fifty-sixth Congresses, receiving at the last named election 12,480
votes against 5,534 cast for Andrew J. Chase, Democrat. Mr. Bou-
telle has served for several years in the National House of Representa-
tives as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and has long
held a leading position among his associates. His ability as a legis-
lator, his great energy and patriotism, his fearless advocacy of the
country's best interests, and his power in both committee work and
on the floor have won for him a National reputation. For a number of
years Mr. Boutelle has been one of the great statesmen as well as
one of the great Republican leaders of this country. His long service
in the House of Representatives has been marked by faithful atten-
tion to duty and by an absorbing interest in the welfare of the entire
Nation.
AXTER, JAMES PHINNEY, of Portland, Me., son of Elihu
Baxter, M.D., of Vermont, and Sarah Cone, of Connecticut,
was born in (iorham, Me., March 23, 1831. His grand-
father, also named Elihu, was the son of John Baxter, of
Norwich, Conn., whose father, Francis, was a nephew of the Rev.
Richard Baxter, the famous Puritan divine and author. His mother
was a descendant of Daniel Cone, one of the founders of East Haddam,
Conn.
Mr. Baxter's education was acquired in the public schools of Port-
land, at Portland Academy, and at the well known Lynn Academy.
It was intended that he should enter the legal profession, but, a mer-
cantile life presenting to him greater attractions, he chose a business
career, which enlarged before him until he became actively identified
with many of the great business enterprises of his native State. A
persistent student, he has devoted a considerable portion of his time
to literary pursuits, and many articles from his pen have appeared in
the leading periodicals of the country. Reference to the Kililiw/rupliy
of the American Historical Society and Williamson's Itibliof/raphy of
Maine show his literary industry, as they contain something like
twenty titles of books and pamphlets of which lie is the author or
editor. Of these, several have been starred on college catalogues as
books of special reference. Many years ago he began the collection
from foreign and domestic archives of documents relating to the his-
186 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tory of New England and Canada, and he now possesses the largest
collection of historical manuscripts relating thereto to be found in
private hands in this country. He is now editing for the Maine His-
torical Society (of which he is President) the fifth volume of the Docu-
inciitari/ History of Maine, and when the entire work is completed it
will be invaluable to historical students. He is also President of the
Portland Public Library, the beautiful building which it occupies
having been erected and presented by him to the city. He is Vice-
President of the New England Historic Genealogical Society of Bos-
ton and one of the Council of the American Antiquarian Society of
Worcester, Mass. He is also one of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin
College, from which he has received the honorary degree of A.M., and
is an honorary member of many other historical and literary societies.
At the same time his business interests are large. He is President of
the Merchants National Bank, of the Portland Publishing Company,
and of the Portland Benevolent Society, Vice-President of the Port-
land Trust Company, and one of the managers of the Portland Sav-
ings Bank, all of which demand strict attention. He is also a Direc-
tor in several other large corporations.
Up to the year 1893 Mr. Baxter had refused political honors which
had been frequently tendered him, but yielding to a popular demand,
he then permitted his name to be used as the Republican candidate for
the mayoralty of Portland, and was elected over his Democratic op-
ponent by an overwhelming majority. During the four successive
terms which he served the city it is acknowledged that a greater num-
ber of important improvements were undertaken by him than by all
of his predecessors together, and most of these improvements he com-
pleted before his retirement from office. The following from the
Portland Prefix, enumerates some of these improvements :
'' The four years' administration of Mayor Baxter, which closed yes-
terday, was in many ways the most notable in the city's history. It
was distinguished by many measures that bore immediate fruit in the
way of better methods of transacting public business, of extended and
improved educational facilities, of better roads and sewers, and by
many which yet inchoate will, if carried out, bear fruit in the future.
It was in the full sense of the word a progressive administration, look-
ing not merely after the needs of the present but always keeping in
mind the demands of the future.
" One of the earliest of Mayor Baxter's acts was the establishment
of a school for manual training, which is now in successful operation,
and has become a permanent feature of our educational establish-
ment. The Mayor gave his salary to this school, besides a great
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 189
Mr. Baxter has been prominently talked of as a candidate for the
Governorship of Maine, and more recently as a Representative to suc-
ceed Mr. Reed, but he has discouraged efforts in either of these direc-
tions, preferring to keep aloof from the care and strife of office, and to
devote his time to literature, his farm at Mackworth, which is a model
to his neighbors, and to the various business enterprises in which he
is the leading spirit.
AND ALL, CHARLES HENRY, of Portland, Me., was born in
Westbrook, Me., February 27, 1846. His great-great-
grandfather, Stephen Randall, was, in 1727, first Select-
man of the Town of Falmouth, of which the present city of
Portland was a part. Just one hundred and seventy years later his
descendant Avas elected Mayor of Portland — the same office with a
change of name. That year, according to the ancient records, Stephen
Randall and Mary, his wife, were members of the First Parish Church,
of Falmouth. The Randalls are of English stock, and on his mother's
side Mr. Randall is connected with another of the old families of Port-
land. Mrs. Randall was Miss Susan Pettengill Swett, and her grand-
mother was a descendant of one of the original settlers of the Town of
Falmouth. His father, the late Joshua Freeman Randall, for many
years a leading business man of Portland, identified with the whole-
sale fiour and grain trade as well as with the shipbuilding industry,
died in 1886.
Mr. Randall was educated in the public schools of Portland, Hon.
Thomas B. Reed being one of his teachers. He was graduated from the
Portland High School, and at once entered the office of his father. In
1867 he was admitted to the firm of J. F. Randall & Co., and the part-
nership continued until the death of his father, when ho succeeded to
the business, admitted George W. Simonton as a partner, and formed
the present firm of Simonton & Randall. They do a large wholesale
grocery and flour business, their trade extending over Maine and
largely over Vermont and New Hampshire.
Mr. Randall early took an interest in politics, and showed himself to
be possessed of fine executive ability. He took part in many local
campaigns, and assisted to a marked degree in securing political vic-
tories. In 1891 he was elected a member of the Portland Common
Council from Ward Six, and was re-elected in 1892 and 1893, the latter
year serving as President of the Council. In 1894 he was elected a
member of the Board of Aldermen, and was re-elected in 1895, serving
both years as Chairman of the board. He took a leading part in the
190 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
transaction of public business during the time he served as a mem-
ber of the two branches of the city government, and in 1897 was nom-
inated and elected Mayor of Portland, and was re-elected in 1898 by
a largely increased majority.
During his term of service Mayor Randall was called upon to take
a leading part on many public occasions, and his executive ability was
especially displayed during the war with Spain. He was actively in-
terested in the fitting out of the Portland companies of the First
Maine Regiment, and after that regiment, under the command of Col-
onel Kendall, was sent to the camp at Chickamauga, and it became
necessary to send medical supplies to the hospital, he was again o'f
great service; and when the sick soldiers were sent home they found
the Mayor had anticipated their wants and they were amply provided
for. When the regiment was ordered home at the end of the war
Mayor Randall arranged for the reception of the men, and as no pro-
vision had been made for their support until mustered out he opened
the auditorium and fed every soldier who applied for rations and
quarters. After some correspondence the War Department paid the
bill.
He is a ready speaker, and during his term of office was frequently
called upon to address public gatherings. On July 4, 1898, occurred
the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the Atlantic and St. Law-
rence Railroad, now a part of the Grand Trunk system, from Portland
to Montreal, and the event was observed in connection with the cele-
bration of the Fourth of July. Governor Powers and staff and the
Royal Scots, of Montreal, were the guests of the city, and were re-
ceived by Mayor Randall.
Mr. Randall is a member of the Portland Club, of the Lincoln Club,
and of the Portland Athletic Club. He is one of the best known men
of Portland, and his personal popularity is very great. His name is
frequently mentioned in connection with public positions. He is an
attendant at the First Universalist Church.
ORTER, FRED AVERT, of Bangor, Me., is the son of Benja-
min F. Porter and Mary Ann Avery, and a descendant of
John Porter, who came to this country from England, ar-
riving here March 30, 16(55, and settling in Wey mouth,
Mass. Front that day to the present his paternal ancestors have been
prominent in the history of New England, active and influential in all
the affairs of life, and highly respected and esteemed in their respect-
ive communities. His father was a well known jeweler.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 191
Mr. Porter was born in Dixmont, Me., on the 25th of March, 1862.
He was educated in the public schools of that town and Pittsfleld and
at Kent's Hill Classical School in his native State. In 1882 he re-
moved to Bangor and engaged in the grocery business. Five years
later he sold out most advantageously and then identified himself
with the laundry business, in which he has since been very successful.
Politically Mr. Porter has been for a number of years one of the
most active and influential Republican leaders in his city. In 1890 he
was elected a member of the Republican City Committee of Bangor
from Ward Two and still holds that position, having been Chairman
of the committee for three years. He has the confidence of his fellow
Republicans, and under his able and judicious leadership the victor-
ies in his ward have been assured, notwithstanding the fact that the
ward is usually strongly Democratic. In 1895 he was elected a mem-
ber of the Board of Aldermen from the Second Ward and served in
that capacity for four years.
Mr. Porter inherited from a vigorous ancestry great strength of
character, which has served him well in his business and political
career. He is a man of energy, public spirited and patriotic, thor-
oughly identified with the affairs of his adopted city, active and influ-
ential in every worthy movement, and highly respected and esteemed
by all who know him. As a member of the Republican City Commit-
tee, and as one of the Board of Aldermen, he has discharged his duties
in a manner which has redounded to the benefit of his party and con-
stituents and won for him an honorable reputation. He is a member of
St. Andrew's Lodge of Masons, of Bangor Lodge of Odd Fellows, and
of the Benevolent Order of Elks.
Mr. Porter was married October 25, 1884, to Aurissa L. Tibbetts.
They have two children : Marjorie T. and F. Harold Porter.
ARVER, LEONARD DWIGHT, of Augusta, State Librarian
of Maine, was born in Lagrange, Peuobscot County, Me.,
on the 26th of January, 1841. He is the son of Cyrus Carver
and Mary Waterhouse. His paternal grandfather was
Nathan Carver, of Livermore, Androscoggin County, Me., whose par-
ents came to that place from Sudbury, Mass., in 1779. The ancestry of
this branch of the Carver family is traced to William Carver, of Marsh-
field, Mass., who attained the great age of one hundred and four years.
Mr. Carver's paternal grandmother, Hannah Mathews, was the daugh-
ter of Deacon Mathews, of Warren, Me., and on her side he is a grand-
192 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
son of John Waterhouse, who came to Poland, Me., in 1792, from Bar-
riiif> ton, N.H., with his brother, Joseph, and his father, Captain George
Waterhouse, a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Captain Waterhouse
was a direct descendant of Richard Waterhouse, who moved from Bos-
ton in 1672 to Portsmouth, N. H., where he married Sarah, daughter of
Reuahl Fernald. Mr. Carver's maternal grandmother was Elizabeth,
daughter of Daniel Jackson.
Leonard D. Carver attended the common schools of his native town,
and was at Foxcroft (Me.) Academy, fitting for college, in 1861, when
the news came of the fall of Fort Sumter. He at once enlisted in the
Milo Light Artillery Company, which became Company D in the Sec-
ond Maine Infantry, Colonel C. D. Jameson, of Bangor, and which had
the honor of being the first regiment from Maine to report for duty in
Washington. Mr. Carver was in every battle and skirmish in which
his regiment participated. He was several times complimented on
the field in general orders for bravery and faithfulness in battle and
in the line of duty, and at the first battle of Bull Run was one of the
six men who volunteered to bring his wounded comrades from the
abandoned battlefield.
After the return and discharge of the Second Maine Regiment, in
(he summer of 1863, Mr. Carver resumed his studies and entered Colby
University, from which he was graduated in the class of 1868 with the
highest honors. He then taught school for about six years in Maine
and in the West, and at the end of that period began the study of law
with Hon. Reuben Foster, of AVaterville, Me. He was admitted to the
bar of his native State in 1876, and from that time until 1890 was suc-
cessfully engaged in the practice of his profession in Waterville. In
October, 1890, he was appointed State Librarian at Augusta, and in
1893 and again in 1896 was re-appointed to that position, which he
still holds and administers with signal ability.
Mr. Carver, while residing in Waterville, was Town Clerk five years
and County Coroner two terms. When the town became a city he was
named by his Republican associates as representative, acting with
Hon. S. S. Brown, of the Democratic party, to draw up a city charter. He
was the author of that part of the charter which related to the organ-
ization of the public schools of the city, and during 1888, 1889, and
1890 was an honored and active member of the Waterville Board of
Education.
Mr. Carver resides in Augusta and devotes his entire time to the
duties of State Librarian and to the development of the free-library
movement throughout Maine. He is President of the Maine State Li-
brary Association, a member of the American Library Association,
and a valued member of the Maine Historical Society, the State Genea-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 193
logical Society of Portland, the Historical Society of Augusta, of Seth
Williams Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of Augusta, of Havelock
Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and of St. Omer Commandery, Knights
Templars, of Waterville.
In 1877 Mr. Carver married Mary Caffrey Low, daughter of Ira H.
Low, of Waterville, Me. They have two children : Ruby and Dwight.
RUE, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, was born November 24, 18(50,
in Portland, Me., where he still resides. He is the son of
Samuel Augustus True and Ellen A. Hart, and a descend-
ant of the well known True family of Massachusetts, who
came over from England about H540. His father was a prominent
merchant in Portland, where the subject of this article received his
public school education. The Maine progenitor of the family came
from Salisbury, Mass., prior to the Revolutionary War, and settled iu
Xe\v Gloucester, and from there Mr. True's grandfather moved to
Portland.
Mr. True was graduated from Colby University with honors in the
class of 1882, and soon afterward entered the Harvard Law School,
where he took a course of lectures, reading meantime with the noted
law firm of Symonds & Libby. Admitted to the bar of Cumberland
County in 1885, Mr. True at once began the active practice of his pro-
fession in his native city and soon came to the front as a lawyer of
acknowledged ability, industry, and integrity. He rapidly built up a
large and successful law practice in all the courts, and in the many im-
portant cases \\iili which he was identified displayed legal abilities of
the highest order, unusually sound judgment, and great force of char-
acter. In 1889 he was appointed Assistant County Attorney and
served in that capacity until 1892, when he was nominated and elected
County Attorney, which position he filled with great credit and satis-
faction until 189(>, having been re-elected in 1894. During his service
in the office of County Attorney he tried five important capital cases
and conducted other noteworthy litigation. His success in the prose-
cution of criminals and other offenders was due no doubt in a great
measure to his intimate knowledge of the law, to his clear and admir-
able manner of presenting cases before the jury and bench, and to the
conciseness and accuracy with which his cases were prepared. Hav-
ing indulged in his youthful days in reportorial work for newspapers,
he displayed as County Attorney great penetration and all the quali-
ties which make a successful lawyer.
194 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
In polities Mr. True has always been a Republican, prominent in the
councils of his party, one of its acknowledged younger leaders, and
well known throughout the State. He has been a member of the Re-
publican County Committee, and in various other capacities has ren-
dered efficient service to his party, city, and State. He is a prominent
member of the Masons, Odd Fellows, and Knights of Pythias, and as
a citizen is respected and esteemed by all who know him.
Mr. True was married October 10, 1888, to Gertrude A. Paine, and
their children are Gertrude True and Samuel Nelson True.
cCANN, GEOKGE EDWARD, one of the prominent young
lawyers of Auburn, Me., is the son of John F. and Eliza-
beth (Bartol) McCann, and was born in New Gloucester,
Me., October 18, 1865. His father was a farmer, and his
ancestors were Scotch-Irish, coming to New England during the
Colonial period. Mr. McCann was educated in the New Gloucester
public schools and at the High School in Freeport, Me. Afterward he
read law, was admitted to the bar of his native State, and for several
years has successfully practiced his profession in Auburn, gaining a
high reputation for ability and industry, and a large clientage.
In politics Mr. McCann is a pronounced Republican, and active in
party affairs. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being Past
Master of Ancient Brothers Lodge, No. 178, F. and A. M., Past High
Priest of Bradford Chapter, R. A. M., a Sir Knight of Lewiston Corn-
mandery, K. T., and a member of Calumet Temple, A. O. N. M. S. He
is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the
Knights of Pythias, and of the Benevolent Order of Elks.
Mr. McCann was married December 25, 1890, to Harriet J. Peables,
of Auburn, Me. They have one daughter, Julia Peables McCann,
born in 1896.
ERRILL, EDWARD NEWTON, a prominent resident of
Skowhegan since 1875, and one of the leading lawyers and
Republicans of Maine, is the son of Eli Merrill and Mary
Gilbert Laughton, his father being of English and his
mother of Scotch-Irish descent. Mr. Merrill was born on a farm in
Harmony, Somerset County, Me., on the llth of April, 1849, and spent
his early life amid the scenes and struggles of a rural community. He
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 195
is pre-eminently a self-made man, having started out as a poor boy
with meager resources, working his way through college, and gain-
ing, through his industry and indomitable perseverance, recognition
for those excellent qualities which have marked his career. Having
received his rudimentary education in the town school of Harmony,
supplemented by preparatory studies at Nichols Latin School in Lew-
iston, Me., he succeeded in earning money by teaching and canvassing
to carry him through college and achieved the goal for which he
bravely and perseveringly struggled. He entered Bowdoin College,
was graduated in the class of 187-1, and subsequently spent a year and
a half studying in Paris, France, and in Heidelberg, Germany.
These brief allusions to Mr. Merrill's early career indicate in a small
measure the foundations upon which he has built a most honorable
record. From a farmer's boy, endowed with remarkable mental pow-
ers and ambitious energy, he steadily gained recognition as a student
and scholar, worked his own way through all his collegiate studies,
and returned from abroad well equipped for the active duties of life
and especially for the profession which he had already made up his
mind to follow. He read law with William Folsom, of Skowhegau,
and was admitted to the Somerset County bar at the September term
of the Maine Supreme Court in 1876 and to practice in the United
States Courts in 1878. Since 1875 he has been a resident of Skowhe-
gan, where he has practiced his profession and achieved prominence
as an honorable and influential citizen. His law business has brought
him into all the courts of the State, and from the first has been a large
and lucrative one. The many important cases with which he has
been connected have gained for him prominence as a lawyer of ac-
knowledged ability and great resources, and stamp him as one of the
leading members of the bar of the State. Besides conducting an ex-
tensive law practice he has also been a dealer to some extent in real
estate, and in all local affairs is very prominent and active.
Mr. Merrill has until recently declined to accept the political hon-
ors which have been urged upon him. He has always been a Repub-
lican, active and influential in party councils, earnest in promoting
party affairs, and thoroughly alive to the best interests of his town
and State. His only political office was that of Representative from
Skowhegan to the State Legislature which met in January, 1899, and
to which he was elected in September, 1898, after one of the hottest
political fights for nomination ever had in his district. In the Legis-
lature he served as a member of the Judiciary Committee and gained
distinction as an able and influential member of that body. He is a
member of Somerset Lodge, F. and A. M., and prominently identified
with all public affairs.
196
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Merrill was married on the 2d of November, 1876, at Skowhe-
gan, Me., to Anna Lincoln Folsom, only daughter of William Folsom,
his former tutor. They have had four children: William Folsom,
born June 1, 1881, died at the age of ten months; Edward Folsom,
born April 11, 1883, now (1900) a freshman in Bowdoin College;
Bertha, born September 14, 1889; and William Folsom, born Decem-
ber 8, 1890.
UDLEY, LEWIS O., lumber manufacturer, of Brookton,
AVashingtou County, Me., has held a town office every year
since he attained his majority. Born at Jackson Brook,
Me., in 1847, he was educated at the Houlton Academy,
in the Academical Department of Bates College, and at Bryant &
Stratton's Mercantile College, graduating from the latter institution.
In politics he has always been a Republican. He served as Post-
master from 1868 to 1884, as Supervisor of Schools for eight years,
as a member of the Maine Legislature iu the House in 1895 and 1897,
and as State Senator in 1899. During the last fourteen years he has
also held the office of First Selectman.
EALD, PERHAM S., a prominent merchant of Waterville,
Me., and a member of the Board of City Assessors, served
in the Civil War in the Nineteenth Maine Regiment, mak-
ing an excellent record, being taken prisoner, and remain-
ing in rebel prisons nine mouths. He has always been a stanch Re-
publican, was a member of the Maine Legislature iu 1S87 and 1889,
and served as a useful and industrious member of the last two sessions
of the State Senate. He was born in Solon, Me., in 1843, and received
a common school education.
LUMMER, STANLEY, of Dexter, Me., was born in Sauger-
ville, in the Pine Tree State, aud was graduated from
Bowdoin College, taking two prizes during his course. He
read law at the Albany (N. Y.) Law School, served as City
Solicitor of Bangor, Me., and was elected to the State House of Rep-
resentatives when twenty two. He was County Supervisor of Com-
mon Schools for Penobscot County two years, Postmaster of the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 197
United States Senate four years, Chief Clerk of the Department of the
Interior under Secretary Columbus Delano, and was appointed In-
ternal Revenue Agent by Secretary of the Treasurer Lot M. Morrill,
serving for years in all parts of the country.
Mr. Plummer was again a member of the Maine Legislature in
1895, a delegate to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis
in 1896, President of the Republican State Convention in 1898, a
member of Governor Burleigh's military staff for four years, and
State Senator from the Tenth Senatorial District in 1899. He is
Senior Vice-Commander of the Department of Maine, G. A. R.
TETSON, ISAIAH KIDDER, is the son of George and Ade-
line Hamlin Stetson, and was born April 3, 1858, in Ban-
gor, Me., where he still resides. He is descended from
Robert Stetson, who came from Kent, England, to Scituate,
Mass., in 1634, and who was commonly called Cornet Robert, from
the fact that he was Cornet of the first horse company raised in the
Plymouth Colony in 1659. Simeon Stetson, sixth in descent from
Cornet Robert, was born in Randolph, Mass., in 1770, and removed
thence when a boy to Washington, X. H., whence he came, in 1805,
to Stetson, Penobscot County. Me., and later to Hampden, Me. George
Stetson, son of Simeon and father of Isaiah Kidder Stetson, was born
in Hampden, Me., January 25, 1807, and in 1834 moved to Bangor,
where he died in 1891. He became President of the Market Bank of
Bangor in 1858 and of the First National Bank in 1863, served two
terms in the State Legislature, was Chairman of the Board of Com-
missioners to build the Bangor Water AVorks, and was President of
the Union Insurance Company and the Bangor Mutual Fire Insurance
Company, both of which he was instrumental in organizing. His
wife, Adeline Hamlin, was a daughter of Hon. Elijah Hamlin, who
u ;is a brother of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin. He was a brother of Charles
Stetson, a lawyer and Representative from the Bangor District to the
Thirty-first Congress, and of Isaiah Stetson, for four years Mayor of
Bangor during the Civil War.
Isaiah K. Stetson attended the Bangor public schools and Phillips
Andover Academy, and was graduated from Yale in 1879. Two years
afterward he became a partner of his brother Edward, under the firm
name of E. & I. K. Stetson, and engaged in ship building, lumber
manufacturing, and marine railway and wholesale ice enterprises.
Mr. Stetson has for several years been prominent in the business life
198 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of Bangor, being a Director in the First National Bank and the Union
Insurance Company, and Treasurer of the Aroostook Construction
Company, which built the Bangor and Aroostook Railroad. He is
also Treasurer of the Maine State College and of Hampden Academy.
A leading Republican, Mr. Stetson has filled several positions with
honor and credit. He was elected President of the Republican Club
of Bangor in 1892, is Chairman of the Republican City Committee,
and in 1895 was appointed by Governor Cleaves a member of the
commission to establish new ward lines for the City of Waterville.
He has also served on the Executive Committee of the Eastern Maine
Republican Club. In 1896 he was elected a Representative to the
Legislature from Bangor, and served on the Committees on Finance
and Banks and Banking. In 1899 he was chosen Speaker of the
House. He served as Lieutenant-Colonel and Aid-de-Camp on the
staff of Governor Cleaves, being appointed in January, 1893, and was
also a member of the staff of Governor Powers.
Mr. Stetson is a 32° Mason, holding membership in St. John's Com-
mandery, K. T., of Bangor, and is also a member of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company of Boston, a prominent member of the
Unitarian Church of Bangor, and actively identified with various
social and political organizations. November 30, 1882, he married,
at Bangor, Me., Clara C., daughter of Hon. F. A. Sawyer, the late
Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury and United States
Senator from South Carolina.
OW, FREDERICK NEAL, was born in Portland, Me., De-
cember 23, 1840. He is the son of Neal Dow and Maria Cor-
nelia Durant Maynard, and a descendant of John Dow, of
Tynemouth, England, whose grandson, Henry Dow, came
to America early in the seventeenth century. On his mother's side he
is descended from Sergeant John Maynard, the famous lawyer of the
CommonAvealth period of English history. His paternal grandfather,
William Maynard, an officer in the Revolutionary War, was wounded
at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
Mr. Dow was educated at Portland Academy, at the Portland High
School, and at the Friends' School in Providence, R. I. On leaving
school he entered the tannery of his grandfather, Joseph Dow, and
thoroughly mastered the business which his distinguished father.
Neal Dow, abandoned to devote his attention to the cause of temper-
ance. Mr. Dow became a managing partner early in 1874, and in that
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 199
year began the study of law in the office of Generals James D. and
Francis Fessenden. Admitted to the bar in 1877, he relinquished
practice a few years later to assume the care of important business
interests.
In 1861 he volunteered in the first company from Maine in the War
for the Union, but his father objected to his enlistment on account of
his health. He interested himself, however, in public affairs, and for
several years was a member of the City Government and School Com-
mittee of Portland. In 1871 he was a member of Governor Perham's
staff, with the rank of Colonel. He was a member of the Executive
Council of Maine in 1872, 1873, and 1874, serving as Chairman the last
year, and in that year was also unanimously nominated by the Repub-
licans for State Senator from Cumberland County. In 1876 he be-
came a member of the Republican State Committee, on which he
served, with the exception of a few months, until 1892, and upon the
retirement of James G. Blaine from the Chairmanship he was made
Chairman of its Executive Committee. In this capacity he conducted
the exciting campaign of 1882, and displayed great ability as a skillful
political leader and organizer. He was also Chairman of the General
Committee for a time. In the close Congressional Convention
in which Thomas B. Reed was first nominated for Congress, Colonel
Dow was selected by Mr. Reed as leader of his forces on the floor of
the convention. He was Commissioner from Maine to the Centennial
Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876; delegate-at-large to the Repub-
lican National Convention at Chicago in 1880; and in February, 1883,
succeeded the late Hon. Lot M. Morrill as Collector of the Port of
Portland, from which position he was removed by President Cleveland
in 1885 for his activity in the campaign in 1884 in behalf of Congress-
man Reed.
Colonel Dow was instrumental in 1886 in inaugurating measures
which culminated in the general organization of permanent political
clubs throughout the country. He was the first President of the Port-
land Club, the first of the kind in Maine and the second in the United
States, and was the first President of the Maine State League of Re-
publican Clubs. With James G. Blaine and others he interested him-
self in the Portland Evening Ez-pres*, and made it a powerful Repub-
lican organ. In 1886 he was elected by the Republicans of Portland
as a member of the State Legislature, serving on the Library and
Judiciary Committees, and in 1888 was re-elected and was unan-
imously nominated for Speaker by the Republicans and elected. In
October, 1890, he was nominated and appointed by President Harri-
son Collector of the Port of Portland, and served until 1895.
Colonel Dow has been actively identified with important business
200 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
interests in Portland, having served for some time as President of the
Evening Express Publishing Company, as President of the Portland
Loan and Building Association, and as a Director in the Westbrook
Manufacturing Company, in the Casco Loan and Building Associa-
tion, in the Portland Gas Light Company, in the Union Safety Deposit
and Trust Company, in the Casco National Bank, and in the Commer-
cial Union Telegraph Company. He has also been a Director of the
Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad and President of the Board of
Trustees of the Maine Eye and Ear Infirmary.
In October, 1864, Colonel Dow married Julia Dana, daughter of the
late William Hammond, of Portland, Me. They have two children :
William H. Dow, Vice-President of the Evening Express Publishing
Company, and Marian Durant, wife of William C. Eaton, of Portland.
AWYER, DANIEL J., has been a life-long resident of Jones-
port, Washington County, Me., where he was born seventy-
five years ago, and has been a Republican ever since the
organization of the party. He has held all the town offices,
and was a member of the State Senate in 1870-71 and 1899, serving
in all capacities with ability, fidelity, and honor. He is a merchant
by occupation and a Cougregationalist in religion.
ERRILL, MILTON L., was born in 1847 in St. Albans, Me.,
Avhere he still resides. He Avas educated in the common
schools, at St. Albans Academy, and at the Western Nor-
mal School, graduating in the class of 1868. By occupa-
tion he is a farmer.
Mr. Merrill has served as a member of the St. Albans School Com-
mittee, was Chairman of the Board of Selectmen ten years, and during
the past twelve years has been Chairman of the Republican Town
Committee. He has also rendered efficient service on the Republican
County Committee of Somerset County, and is one of the ablest and
foremost leaders of the party in his section. He was a member of the
House of Representatives in 1891, serving on the Committees on
Education and Taxation, and has been a member of the State Senate
since 1897, serving on the Committees on Financial Affairs, Agricul-
ture, and Reform Schools. In politics he has always been a Repub-
lican.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 201
EYNOLDS, EDWAKD CLAYTON, of Portland, Me.) is the
son of Lorenzo D. and Elvira L. (Wing) Reynolds, and
was born in Braintree, Mass., November 15, 1856. In 18P»1
he moved with his parents to South Portland, Cumberland
County, Me., where he still resides. He was educated in the common
and high schools of Cape Elizabeth and at the Portland Business
College, and, having read law, was admitted to the Cumberland bar in
January, 1880. Later he took a post-graduate course at Georgetown
University Law School in Washington, D. C.. received the degree of
LL.M., and was admitted to the United States Circuit Court of Port-
land in 1890. Excepting the two years spent in Washington, he has
practiced his profession in Portland since 1880.
Mr. Reynolds, while in Washington, was Clerk of the Lighthouse
Board. He was a member of the Cape Elizabeth School Committee
from 1879 to 1882 and from 1888 to 1891; was elected Register of
Probate of Cumberland County in 1888 and in 1892; and in the latter
year was President of the Young Men's Republican Club of Portland.
He was elected State Senator from Cumberland Coiinty in 1890, and is
still a member of that body.
Mr. Reynolds has been President of the Cape Elizabeth Soldiers' and
Sailors' Monument Association since its organization. He is also
President of the Portland Club and of the Maine State Relief Asso-
ciation, a Director and attorney of the Cumberland Loan and Build-
ing Association, and a Director in the Union Safe Deposit and Trust
Company. For twelve years lie has lectured on Commercial Law in
the Shaw Business College of Portland, and it was largely through
his efforts that the present uniform rules and blanks in use in the
probate courts throughout Maine were adopted. He is a member of
the Cumberland and Maine Bar Associations, of the Maine Genea-
logical Society, and of the Society of Friends. He is also a Knight
Templar Mason and a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias,
having been Grand Chancellor for Maine in 1898.
AMLIN, HANNIBAL EMERY, of Ellsworth, Me., is the son
of Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, whose sketch appears in this
volume. His mother, Ellen V. Emery, was the daughter of
Hon. Stephen Emery, of Paris, Me., District Judge and in
1839-40 Attorney-General of the State. She was the sister of Hannibal
Hamlin's first wife, who died in 1855, leaving five children, of whom
one only, General Charles Hamlin, survives. Ellen Y. (Emery)
202 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Hamliu was the mother of two children : Hannibal Emery Hainlin
and Frank Hamlin, both lawyers.
Hannibal E. Hamlin was born in Hampden, Penobscot County, Me.,
August 22, 1858. He was educated in the Bangor public schools, at
Waterville (Me.) Classical Institute, and at Colby University in
Waterville, from which he was graduated in 1879. He attended
Columbia Law School in Washington, D. C., was graduated from
Boston University Law School in 1882, and was admitted to the bar
in Waldo County, Me., in January, 1883. The same year he began
active practice in Ellsworth, Me., as a member of the firm of Hale,
Emery & Hamlin, which became in the following autumn Hale &
Hamlin, Mr. Emery having been appointed a Justice of the Maine
Supreme Judicial Court. Mr. Hamlin's partner is Hon. Eugene Hale,
United States Senator, and the firm has offices in both Ellsworth and
Bar Harbor.
Mr. Hamlin has always been a Republican. He has served as Judge
Advocate-General on the Governor's staff, and was elected a member
of the Maine House of Representatives in 1893 and again in 1895,
serving in the latter year as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee.
In 1899 he became a member of the State Senate.
URLEIGH, LEWIS ALBERT, City Clerk of Augusta, Me., is
the son of Hon. Daniel Chick Burleigh, whose sketch ap-
pears in this work, and Mary Jane Either, his wife. Born
in Linneus, Aroostook County, Me., March 4, 1870, he at-
tended the public schools of Linneus and Bangor until 1880 and of
Augusta from 1880 to 1886, and also Hallowell (Me.) Classical Acad-
emy. In 1887 he entered Bowdoin College, from which he was grad-
uated A.B. in 1891.
Mr. Burleigh was official stenographer in the House of Represen-
tatives in 1889 and 1891, and in the summer of 1890 was editor of the
Sea, Shell, a vacation daily published at Old Orchard, Me. In 1891 he
entered the law office of Hon. Joseph Williamson, of Belfast, Me., and
in the fall of that year became a student at the Harvard Law School,
from which he was graduated LL.B. in 1894. Soon after his admission
to the Maine bar in Kennebec County, October 16, 1894, he formed
a partnership with his brother-in-law, Joseph Williamson, Jr., son
of Hon. Joseph Williamson, of Belfast, and, under the firm name of
Williamson & Burleigh, has since been successfully engaged in the
practice of his profession in Augusta.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
203
Mr. Burleigh has always been a Republican. He has served as City
Clerk of Augusta since March, 1894. He is a member of the Delta
Kappa Epsilon fraternity, having been initiated in Theta Chapter of
Bowdoin College in 1887. He was elected a member of the Abnaki
Club, of Augusta, in 1895, and is a member of Augusta Lodge, F. and
A. M., and of Trinity Commandery, K. T. In January, 1896, he was
elected a Director of the Augusta National Bank.
Mr. Burleigh was married October 18, 1894, to Caddie H. Brown,
daughter of Hon. S. S. Brown, of Waterville, Me.
KINDLE, RUFUS P., M.D., of Bluehill, Hancock County, Me.,
was born in Surry, Me., in 1847, and received his education
at Bluehill Academy, at Bucksport Seminary, and at the
New York University. For many years he has been one
of the foremost physicians and citizens of Hancock County. Always a
Republican, Dr. Grindle has served for several years on the local
Board of Health and School Board, and was a member of the Maine
House of Representatives in 1894 and of the State Senate in 1896 and
1899.
HAMBERLIN, HENRY H., was born in 1862 in Bristol, Lin-
coln County, Me., where he still resides, being actively en-
gaged in surveying, conveyancing, and probate practice.
He was educated in the common schools and at Lincoln
Academy. Always a Republican, he was Supervisor of Schools of
Bristol in 1888, 1889, and 1890, a member of the Maine House of Rep-
resentatives in 1893, and State Senator in 1895 and 1899.
ARGRAVES, FRANK H., a woolen manufacturer, of West
Buxton, York County, Me., was born in Effingham, N. H.,
in 1855, was graduated from Bowdoin College, and for
several years has been prominent in the Republican party
in his section. He has served as Chairman of the Board of Selectmen
and as a member of the School Board, was a member of the House of
Representatives of Maine in 1891-92, and was State Senator in 1896-97
and 1899.
204 F1ISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
HOMAS, WILLIAM WIDGERY, JR., of Portland, Me., was
born in that city August 26, 1839, his parents being Will-
iam Widgery Thomas and Elizabeth White Goddard. He
is descended in the ninth generation from George Cleeves,
the first white settler of Portland and later Governor of the Province
of Lignia (afterward included in the State of Maine). His father was
Mayor of Portland and a prominent business man. His grandfather,
Elias Thomas, State Treasurer of Maine, married Elizabeth, daughter
of William Widgery, an eminent Jurist and Member of Congress.
Mr. Thomas was graduated with the highest honors from Bow-
doin College in 1860. In 1862 he left his law studies, and as United
States Bearer of Dispatches carried a Treaty to Turkey, where he
became Vice-Consul-General at Constantinople, later Acting-Consul
at Galatz, and under appointment of President Lincoln one of the
thirty " War Consuls " of the United States. He was sent to Gothen-
burg, Sweden, and remained there until 1865, when he resigned. Re-
turning to America, he was admitted to the bar of Maine in 1866,
began active practice in Portland, and soon won distinction as a
lawyer. His successful efforts in the advocacy of Swedish immigra-
tion to Maine, and the passage by the Legislature of 1870 of an act
authorizing a trial of his plans, are among the historical incidents of
local history. He was appointed State Commissioner of Immigration,
and at once visited Sweden, where he recruited a colony of fifty-one
Swedes, whom he brought over and led up the St. John River, found-
ing on July 23, 1870, in the primeval forest of his native State, the
prosperous settlement of New Sweden. There he lived in a log cabin
with his Swedish pioneers during the greater part of four years,
directing all the colony's affairs until its success was certain.
Mr. Thomas was elected a Representative to the State Legislature
from Portland in 1873, was re-elected in 1874 and 1875, and in the last
two sessions was Speaker of the House. He was State Senator from
Cumberland County in 1879. In 1875 he was President of the Maine
State Republican Convention, in 1880 a delegate to the Republican
National Convention at Chicago which nominated Garfield for the
Presidency, and on the Fourth of July, 1883, delivered the oration at
the quarter-millennial celebration of the founding of Portland by his
ancestor, George Cleeves. He was United States Minister to Sweden
and Norway from 1883 to 1885, and was the first officer of that rank
to address the King in his own language, the first to hoist the Ameri-
can flag at Stockholm, and the first to effectively assist in starting a
direct line of steamships between Sweden and the United States. In
March, 1889, he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary to Sweden and Norway by President Harrison, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 205
served until recalled by President Cleveland in 1894. During this
period he magnified an already brilliant record, and endeared himself
to both the Swedish and American people for his diplomatic achieve-
ments.
Mr. Thomas is an able speaker and a brilliant conversationalist,
and in every capacity has displayed the highest attainments and in-
tellectual qualities. His address on " Sweden and the Swedes," in
many States of the Union in 1894 and 1895, attracted no less attention
than have his contributions to the leading magazines and periodicals
of the country. In 1892 he published, in both America and Sweden,
in the English and Swedish languages, his greatest literary Avork,
Sweden and the Riccdnt, an illustrated volume of seven hundred and
fifty pages. He is a member of the Maine Historical Society, of the
Swedish Geographical Society, and of various other social and lit-
erary organizations.
Mr. Thomas was married October 11, 1887, to Dagmar Elizabeth,
daughter of Kagnar Tornebladh. Knight and Nobleman, member of
the Upper House of the Swedish Parliament, and Manager of the
National Bank of Sweden.
KKNALD, BERT M., is the Manager of one of the largest
packing establishments in Maine. Born in West Poland,
Androscoggin County, in that State, in 1859, he resides in
that town on the farm settled by his grandfather more
than a century ago, and was educated in the local schools and at the
Boston Business College. He has ahvays been a Republican, has
served on the Superintending School Committee of West Poland, was
a member of the State Legislature in 1888, and in 1899 became State
Senator.
DAMS, JAMES, of Bangor. Me., was born in Unity, Me., in
1836, and received his education at home and in the com-
mon schools. He remained on the farm until sixteen years
of age. In the spring of 1859 he engaged in the wholesale
dry and fancy goods business in Bangor, and continued for twenty-five
years, the firm name being S. & J. Adams.
Mr. Adams has always been a Republican. He was a member of the
Bangor Common Council in 1875 and 1876, a member of the Board of
Aldermen in 1881, 1882, and 1883, a member of the State House of
206 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Representatives in 1891 and 1893, and State Senator in 1899. He is
also a member of the Bangor Water Board, and actively identified
with several banking institutions of the city.
AMLIN, CHAKLES, of Bangor, Reporter of Decisions of
the Supreme Court of Maine, is the son of Hon. Hannibal
Hamlin and Sarah Jane Emery. A sketch of his father
appears in this work. Mr. Hamlin was born in Hampden,
Peuobscot County, Me., September 13, 1837, and was educated at
Hampden, Bridgton, and Bethel Academies, and Bowdoin College,
graduating from the latter in 1857. He read law with his father, was
admitted to the bar in October, 1858, and began practice in Orland,
Hancock County, Me. There he figured actively in recruiting for
various regiments, and obtained commissions for officers in the First
Maine Cavalry and in the Navy. In 18G2 he assisted in raising the
Eighteenth Maine Infantry, afterward the First Maine Heavy Artil-
lery, and was mustered in as Major in August. He served in the
defense of Washington until May, 1863, when he resigned, having
been appointed Assistant Adjutant-General on the staff of Major-
General Hiram G. Berry, who was killed at Chancellorsville on May 3.
Major Hamlin remained with the Second Division, Third Corps, until
February, 1864, when it was consolidated with the Second Corps. He
participated in the battle of Gettysburg and subsequent engage-
ments, and in February, 1864, was assigned to duty with General
A. P. Howe at Harper's Ferry.
In September, 1865, having been brevetted Brigadier-General of
Volunteers, he resigned and resumed his law practice at Bangor,
where he has since resided. He served as City Solicitor of Bangor,
as Register in Bankruptcy, and as United States Commissioner, still
holding the latter office. July 19, 1888, he was appointed Reporter
of Decisions and has since served in that capacity, having published
volumes eighty-one to ninety-two, inclusive, of the Supreme Judicial
Court Reports. He has also compiled and published Tn.folirnt Luirx
in Maine, and a series of articles in the Green li<i</ on " The Supreme
Court of Maine," with biographical sketches of the Justices.
General Hamlin represented Bangor in the Maine Legislature in
3883 and 1885, serving as Speaker of the House during the latter term.
He was active in organizing the Penobscot Loan and Building Asso-
ciation of Bangor, of which he was elected President; was one of the
founders of the Bangor Loan and Building Association; is a member
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 207
of the Loyal Legion of the Maine Commandery; has been President of
the Eastern Maine Hospital at Bangor; and has served as a Trustee
of the Penobscot Savings Bank since its foundation. He has also
been active in the Waverly Woolen Company of Pittsfield, in the Old
Town Woolen Company in Old Town, Me., and as Chairman of the
Committee on the Maine Gettysburg Commission, and in 1887 pre-
pared and secured the passage of the bill by the Maine Legislature
regulating building and loan associations. He has always been an
active and influential Republican.
November 28, 1860, General Hamlin married Sarah P. Thompson, of
Topsham, Me. Their children are Charles Eugene, Addison, Cyrus,
and Edwin Thompson.
TEARNS, LOUIS C., a lawyer, of Caribou, Aroostook County,
Me., and Judge of Probate for that county for four years,
from 1885 to 1889, was born in Newry, Me., in 1855. He
received his education at Gould's Academy and Colby
University. A stanch Republican since he cast his first vote, he was
a member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1889 and 1891,
serving on the Judiciary Committee both terms, and a member of the
State Senate in 1898 and 1899.
OWERS, LLEWELLYN, Governor of Maine, is the son of Arba
and Noami (Mathews) Powers, and was born in Pittsfield,
Somerset County, Me., in 1838. His early life was spent on
the parental farm. He attended the common schools of
Pittsfield, St. Albans Academy, and Waterville Academy (now
Coburn Classical Institute), and entered Colby University in the class
of 1861. In his second year he left that institution to enter the Albany
Law School, from which he was graduated in December, 1860.
Governor Powers was admitted to the New York bar at Albany in
I860, and to the Somerset County bar at Norridgewock, Me., in De-
cember of the same year. Later he was admitted to practice in the
United States District and Circuit Courts and to the Suffolk bar at
Boston, Mass. In January, 1861, he settled in Houlton, Aroostook
County, Me., where he practiced his profession until recently, with the
exception of four years, when he resided in Brookline, Mass., and
practiced in Boston.
In 1864 Mr. Powers was elected County Attorney of Aroostook
208 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
County, and held that office six years. He was appointed Collector of
Customs for the District of Aroostook in 18(59 and served four years,
declining a re-appointment in 1873. He represented Houlton in the
State Legislature in 1873, 1874, 1875, 1870, and 1883, and during that
period reported from an evenly divided Judiciary Committee (of
which he was Chairman), advocated, and secured the passage of the
bill abolishing capital punishment. In 187(i he was elected a Repre-
sentative to Congress from the Fourth Maine District. In 1878 he
was renominated to Congress by acclamation, but failed of election.
He then determined to give up politics and devote himself to his
private interests, which included the ownership and management of
large tracts of timber land. In 1892, however, he was again elected
to the Legislature, and the next year chosen Speaker of the House.
In 1896 he was nominated for Governor of Maine, and elected by the
largest majority ever given before to a gubernatorial candidate in the
Pine Tree State.
Governor Powers has always been an ardent and consistent Repub-
lican, active in party affairs, and one of the party's acknowledged
leaders. He has taken part in every political campaign in Maine for
more than thirty years, and is one of the best known men in Ne\v
England. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is promi-
nently identified with various other societies and institutions.
Governor Powers was married December 25, 1886, to Martha A.
Averill, of Lincoln, Me. Their children are Walter A., Martha Pau-
line, Doris Virginia, and Ralph A.
IMBERLAKE, FREMONT ERNEST, of Phillips, State Bank
Examiner of Maine, comes from an old New England fam-
ily. The sou of Nathan Timberlake and Adelia Millet, he
is one of eight children, all of whom became active mem-
bers of their communities. His paternal grandfather, James Timber-
lake, of Livermore, and his mother's father, Zebulon Millet, of Leeds,
Me., were among the pioneer settlers of those towns.
Mr. Timberlake was born in Livermore, Me., July 18, 1856, and re-
ceived his education in the public schools and at Monmouth and Wil-
ton Academies, alternately working on the farm summers and at-
tending or teaching school winters. In 1879 he entered the law office
of Hutchinson & Savage, of Lewiston, Me., and while pursuing his
legal studies continued to teach winter school. He was admitted to
the bar of Maine at Farming-ton in March, 1882.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 209
In 1883 Mr. Timberlake opened an office in Phillips, Me., where lie
has since resided and successfully followed his profession. Much of
his law business, especially in recent years, has been in connection
with various railroads in Maine, and it was mainly through his in-
fluence that the Phillips and Rangeley Railroad was built. He was
Treasurer or that corporation during the construction of the road, and
its attorney and one of the Board of Directors. He has been for
several years general counsel for the Sandy River Railroad Company,
and for nine years previous to his appointment as State Bank Ex-
aminer was Treasurer of the Phillips Savings Bank.
Mr. Timberlake has always been a Republican. He rendered effi-
cient service on the Republican State Committee for six years, was
elected County Attorney for Franklin County in September, 1886, and
by re-elections held that office from January, 1887, to January, 1893.
In 1895 Governor Cleaves appointed him State Bank Examiner, and
in 1898 he was re-appointed by Governor Powers for a second term of
three years.
He is a member of Blue Mountain Lodge, Free and Accepted Ma-
sons, of Franklin Royal Arch Chapter, of Jepthah Council, Royal and
Select Masters, of Pilgrim Commandery, Knights Templars, and of the
Odd Fellows fraternity. Mr. Timberlake was married June 16, 1883,
to Emma Augusta, only daughter of Leonard A. and Mary A.
(Barnes) Grover, of Bethel, Me. She was born in Roxbury, Mass.,
August 10, 1862, and died April 27, 1887.
AKBLE, SEBASTIAN STREETER, of Waldoboro, Acting
Governor of Maine in 1887-89, was born in Dixfield,
Oxford County, Me., March 1, 1817, being the son of
Ephraim and Hannah (Packard) Marble. His immigrant
ancestor, Samuel Marble, settled in Salem, Mass., and his grandfather,
John Marble, born in 1751, served in the Revolution, fought at the
battle of Bunker Hill, and in 1794 became one of the pioneers of
Uixfield. His maternal grandfather, Israel Packard, also fought at
Bunker Hill.
Mr. Marble was educated in the common schools and under private
tutors, attended Waterville (Me.) Academy, and then began the
study of law in the office of Isaac Randall, of Dixfield, and continued
with John E. Stacey. of Wilton, Me. Admitted to the Maine bar at
Farmington in 1843, he spent a year and a half in the West and South
teaching school, and, returning to Maine in 1845, began his law prac-
210 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tice in Wilton with Mr. Stacey. The next year he removed to Dixfield,
and in 1851 settled in Waldoboro, where he has since resided. In
1861 he was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs for the Waldo-
boro District, and two years later was appointed Collector, which
office he held for three and one-half years. In 1867 he was appointed
Register of Bankruptcy for the Third Congressional District, and
February 3, 1870, was appointed United States Marshal of Maine,
serving in that capacity eight years. In April, 1878, he resumed his
law practice.
Mr. Marble early identified himself with the Republican party, and
served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Balti-
more in 1864, which renominated Lincoln, and to the Chicago Con-
vention of 1888, which nominated James A. Garfield. In 1882 he
was elected State Senator and served three successive terms, being
President of that body at the time of the death of Governor Joseph
R. Bodwell, which occurred December 15, 1887. As provided by the
Constitution, Mr. Marble was installed as Governor Bodwell's suc-
cessor, and served as chief executive of the State with great credit
and dignity until 1889, when he retired from public and active polit-
ical life. He has also served as a member of the School Committee
and as Chairman of the Board of Selectmen of Waldoboro. is a mem-
ber of King Solomon's Lodge, F. and A. M., and during his entire life
has taken a prominent part in local as well as in State affairs.
October 17, 1846, Mr. Marble married Mary S., daughter of Ebenezer
Ellis, of Jay, Franklin County, Me.
ETERS, JOHN ANDREW, LL.D., Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Judicial Court of Maine, is the son of Andrew and
Sally (Jordan) Peters, a grandson of John Peters, who sur-
veyed and laid out the original townships in Eastern Maine,
and a descendant of Andrew Peters, a Major in the Revolutionary War.
Andrew Peters was a merchant, a dealer in lumber, and a prominent
man in his community. His wife was the daughter of Melatiah Jor-
dan, who served as Collector of the Frenchman's Bay District from
August 4, 1789, until his death in December, 1818, his commission
being signed by George Washington, President, and Thomas Jeffer-
son, Secretary of State.
Judge Peters was born in Ellsworth, Hancock County, Me., October
9, 1822, and received his preparatory education at Gorham Academy
in his native State. He was graduated from Yale University with
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 211
high honors in 1842, his thesis being " The Profession of Politics."
After a course at the Harvard Law School he was admitted to the
bar in Ellsworth in August, 1844, and the same year removed to Ban-
gor, where he entered upon the practice of his profession. He was
elected State Senator in 1862 and 1803, a member of the House of
Representatives in 1864, and Attorney-General of Maine by the State
Legislature in 1864, serving in that capacity until 1867. In 1866 he
was elected by the Republicans to the Fortieth Congress, and was re-
elected in 1868 to the Forty-first and in 1870 to the Forty-second Con-
gress. There he distinguished himself, as he had already done in the
State Legislature, for his activity in debate and ability as a states-
man. He served during his first term as a member of the Committees
on Patents and Public Expenditures, and during his second term as
Chairman of the Joint Committee on the Congressional Library and
as a member of the Judiciary Committee.
Declining another re-election to Congress, he returned to his chosen
profession, and on May 20, 1873, was appointed an Associate Justice
of the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine. His eminent fitness for this
position being universally conceded, he was re-appointed May 20,
1880, and on September 20, 1883, was appointed Chief Justice of the
State, which exalted position he still holds, having been re-appointed
September 19, 1890, and again September 2, 1897. The honorary
degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Colby University in 1884,
by Bowdoin College in 1885, and by Yale in 1893. He resides in
Bangor.
OLTON, HENRY DWIGHT, A.M., M.D., one of the most dis-
tinguished physicians of New England, Treasurer of the
American Public Health Association, Professor of Ther-
apeutics and General Pathology in the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of Vermont from 1873 to 1886, late President
of the Vermont Medical Society and Vice-President of the American
Medical Association, and one of the founders and formerly President
of the Board of Trustees of the Pan-American Medical Association, was
born in the Town of Rockingham, Vt, July 24, 1838, and since 1867
has been a resident and one of the most prominent and public spirited
citizens of Brattleboro, in the same State. Professor Holton is the son
of the late Elihu DAvight Holton and Nancy (Grout) Holton, his wife,
for many years residents of the Village of Saxton's River in Rocking-
ham. Through his father he is of Puritan ancestry, descending from
William Holton, who came from Ipswich, Suffolk County, England,
to Cambridge, Mass., in 1634, and later was one of a band of one hun-
212
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
dred pioneers who pushed into the wilderness and founded the Town
of Hartford, Conn. Returning to Massachusetts in 1654, William
Holton settled at Northampton, became a Deacon of the first church
established there, a Magistrate, and was the Representative of the
town in the General Court, taking a conspicuous part in the legisla-
tion enacted during his term of office, and making the first motion on
record in that body to prohibit the sale of intoxicating drinks. On
both sides Dr. Holton descends from sturdy Revolutionary stock, his
paternal great-grandfather serving under Ethan Allen at Ticonde-
roga.
A predilection for the study of medicine led Henry Dwight Holton
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 213
to adopt that profession immediately upon completing his English
education, which was obtained in the local public schools and at the
academy in his native village. For a time he studied under Dr. J. H.
Warren, of Boston, and later under Valentine Mott, of New York,
the most famous American surgeon of his generation. He pursued his
regular course in the Medical Department of the University of New
York, and was graduated therefrom in 18GO with the degree of Doctor
of Medicine. After practicing medicine for a short time in the Will-
iamsburg (N. Y.) Dispensary, he moved to Putney, Vt., whence, in
1867, he removed to Brattleboro, where he still resides.
Devoted to his profession, the young pupil of the illustrious Mott
and the scholarly Warren made rapid advances, and, having proved his
skill by the clever performance of many capital operations, soon took
a leading rank among his medical associates. In the course of years
his fame as an operator spread over a wide region and brought him
National repute. Quite early in his career he was chosen a member
of the Connecticut River Medical Association, and after serving five
years as its Secretary was elected its President in 1867. He joined
the Vermont Medical Society in 1861, and twelve years later became
its President. In 1864 he was elected a member of the American
Medical Association. This highly representative body sent him in
1875 as a delegate to the International Medical Congress, held in
Brussels, and in 1880 elected him to the office of Vice-President. In
1873 Dr. Hoi ton was called to the Chair of Materia Medica and Gen-
eral Pathology in the Medical Department of the University of Ver-
mont. When he entered upon the duties of this professorship the
medical class numbered only forty students. Other medical men of
distinguished ability and wide reputation were persuaded to connect
themselves with the school, which soon rivaled the older ones of
Boston, New York, and other cities. After thirteen years of assiduous
and single-hearted labor in this now well known medical school,
having during much of that period the cordial co-operation of the late
Professor James F. Little, of New York, and other distinguished phy-
sicians, Dr. Holton resigned his professorship.
He was elected by the Legislature in 1873 a Trustee of the Univer-
sity of Vermont and State Agricultural College, and was retained
in this office for a period of eighteen years. In the same year (1873)
he was appointed Medical Examiner to the Vermont Asylum for the
Insane. It is doubtful if Vermont has within her borders a warmer
friend of education than Dr. Holton. For twenty-five years he was a
member of the School Board of Brattleboro, during fifteen of which
he served as President. He has served as a Trustee of the Brattleboro
Free Library from its foundation.
214 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
A Republican in politics, and ever willing to serve the people at
any cost to his own time and comfort, Ur. Holton has been promi-
nently identified with the party since its organization. When Gen-
eral Fremont was nominated for President in 1856 he organized a
Young Men's " Fremont Club " and was elected its President. This
club was active in Vermont's campaign for the first National can-
didates of the Republican party. Dr. Holton was elected to the
Vermont Senate in 1884 and was Chairman of the Committee on
Education. While in the Senate he served also as Chairman of the
Committee on Insane Asylums and as a member of the Joint Com-
mittee on the House of Correction. In 1888 he was elected to the
Legislature from Brattleboro, and served on the Committees on Edu-
cation, Ways and Means, and Public Health. In 1892 Dr. Holton was
appointed Commissioner for Vermont to the Nicaragua Canal Conven-
tion, held in New Orleans, and the same year was elected Treasurer
of the American Public Health Association at a meeting held in the
City of Mexico. The following year (1893) he was appointed one of
the Vermont Commissioners to the Columbian Exposition. Dr. Holton
was active in the organization of the Pan-American Medical Congress,
a body composed of representatives of all the countries on this hemi-
sphere, which met in Washington, D. C., in 1893. He was a delegate-
at-large from Vermont to the National Republican Convention held
at St. Louis in June, 1896, which nominated President McKinley. He
served on the Committee on Platform in that convention, and took an
active part in the campaign that elected the ticket.
Dr. Holton has been a Director for over twenty years in the Ver-
mont National Bank of Brattleboro. He has been President of the
Brattleboro Gas Light Company for about the same length of time,
and is also President of the Brattleboro Home for the Aged and Dis-
abled. He is a member of the Boston Gynecological Society, of the
New York Therapeutical Society, of the Rocky Mountain Medical
Society, of the Vermont State Board of Health, of the British Medical
Association, of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, and of Brattleboro Lodge. No. 102, F. and A. M., and an
honorary member of the Maine Academy of Medicine and other im-
portant bodies. Since 1897 he has been President of the Board of
Trustees of Leland and Grey Seminary at Townshend, Vt. He was
a Commissioner to the Mexican National Conference of Mechanical
Arts, held in the City of Mexico, and served for three years as Surgeon
of the Twelfth Regiment Vermont Militia.
Few men in his profession have been called to so many positions of
honor and trust, and not the least remarkable fact in connection with
this large demand for his services is the success with which he has
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 215
invariably discharged the duties which devolved upon him. Through-
out his long and busy career Dr. Holton has contributed freely to
medical literature. In 1880 he published the Posoloyical Tablet, a
compact volume now in its second edition. Cases in practice have
been published by him in various medical journals. He also published
several works of interest to the profession. In just recognition
of his scholarship and devotion to the cause of education the
University of Vermont conferred upon him, in 1881, the honorary
degree of Master of Arts. Of the many honors and compliments that
have come to him it is doubtful if any is more valued than the sincere
appreciation which is entertained for him by his fellow-citizens of
all classes and creeds. In a larger degree than falls to the lot of most
men, Dr. Holton has received this honest regard, his professional and
civic virtues compelling the recognition. Genial, as well as scholarly,
he has many friends and admirers, professionally and lay, in all parts
of the Union, and is known in the countries to the North and South
as a most earnest disciple of science, an able promoter of international
harmony, and an accomplished gentleman of unblemished character.
His published addresses exhibit a high order of ability, literary as
well as medical, the last of these — his address on " State Medicine,"
delivered before the American Medical Association, at Baltimore, in
May, 1895 — being one of the ablest presentations of this subject ever
made, and abounding in valuable suggestions.
Dr. Holton was married November 19, 1862, to Miss Ellen Hoit,
eldest daughter of Theophilus and Mary Damon (Chandler) Hoit, of
Saxton's River, Vt. They have one adopted daughter, the wife of
Clifton Sherman, of Hartford, Conn.
ROUT, WILLIAM W., of Barton. Representative in Congress
from the Second District of Vermont almost continuously
since 1880, was born at Compton, Province of Quebec,
Canada, of American parents, on the 24th of May, 1836.
He is the son of Josiah and Sophronia ( Ayer) Grout and a descendant
of Dr. John Grout, who came from England to Watertowu, Mass., in
1630. His great-grandfather, Elijah Grout, was a Commissary in the
Revolutionary War, and at Charlestown, N. H., fitted out Stark's
army for its march to Bennington. His grandfather, Theophilus
Grout, settled on a farm on the Moose River, in the present Town of
Kirby, Vt., which is now owned by William W. Grout.
Mr. Grout received a thorough academical education and then
took up the study of law, graduating from the Poughkeepsie Law
216 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
School in 1857, and being admitted to the bar in December of the same
year. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession in
Barton, Vt., and soon came into prominence as a lawyer of acknowl-
edged ability and industry. In 1865 and 1866 he served as State's At-
torney for Orleans County. In 1862 he became Lieutenant-Colonel
of the Fifteenth Vermont Volunteers, was mustered out of the United
States service in August, 1863, and as Brigadier-General of the Ver-
mont Militia commanded the provisional troops after the St. Albans
raid of 1864.
General Grout has been a Republican since he was old enough to
vote, or, in other words, almost from the organization of the party.
He early took a prominent and active part in political affairs, gained
the distinction of being a trustworthy leader, and was called by his
fellow-citizens to important and responsible positions. He was a
member of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1868, 1869, 1870,
and 1874, and of the State Senate in 1876, serving as President pro
tempore of that body. In 1880 he was elected to the Forty-seventh
Congress, where he served two years. In 1884 he was elected to the
Forty-ninth Congress, and by successive re-elections has served as a
member of the Fiftieth, Fifty-first, Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-
fourth, Fifty-fifth, and Fifty-sixth Congresses. General Grout's serv-
ices as a National legislator have brought him into prominence
throughout the country and stamp him as a man of remarkable ability
and integrity of character. He is an able debater, a man of broad and
liberal attainments, deeply interested in every public movement, and
has been thoroughly identified with State and National affairs for
more than a generation.
In 1860 he married Loraine M. Smith, who died in 1868, having
borne him two children, both of whom died in infancy.
MITH, EDWARD CURTIS, of St. Albans, Governor of Ver-
mont in 1898 and 1899, was born in St. Albans on the 5th
of January, 1854. He received his preparatory education
at Phillips (Andover) Academy in Massachusetts, and
was graduated from Yale College in the class of 1875 and from the
Columbia Law School, New York City, with the degree of LL.B. in
1877. Immediately afterward he entered upon the active practice
of his profession in his native State, and soon gained a leading posi-
tion at the bar. He also identified himself with large business affairs,
and is President and Receiver of the Central Vermont Railroad Com-
pany.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 217
Governor Smith has held various offices, and is President and
Director of a number of important institutions, corporations, and
associations. In 1890 he \vas a member of the Vermont House of Rep-
resentatives. In January, 1898, he assumed his duties as Governor
of the State, having been elected to that office by a handsome majority.
He is one of the foremost Republicans as well as one of the most dis-
tinguished lawyers and financiers in Vermont, and has filled every
position with acknowledged ability and satisfaction. His services
to the party have given him the recognized leadership and brought
him into prominence throughout the country.
OWERS, HORACE HEXRY, Representative in Congress
from the First Congressional District of Vermont, has been
a life-long resident of Morristown, where he was born on
the 29th of May, 1835. He is the son of Horace and Love E.
I Gilman) Powers, and a descendant of Walter Powers, who came to
this country in the seventeenth century. He was graduated from the
University of Vermont in the class of 1855, taught school, studied
law with Thomas Gleed, of Morristown, and Child & Ferrin, of Hyde
Park, Vt, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1858. He began the
practice of his profession in Hyde Park, but in 18(12 formed a part-
nership with P. K. Gleed, of Morristown, which continued until De-
cember, 1874. He soon achieved prominence as a lawyer of marked
ability and force of character, and was called to important public
positions of trust and responsibility.
He espoused the cause of Republicanism upon the organization of
the party in 1856, voted for its first candidate, General John C. Fre-
mont, for President, and ever since that time has been actively and
prominently identified with the fortunes of the party. In 1858 he
was the youngest member of the Vermont House of Representatives,
and was State's Attorney for Larnoille County in 1861 and 1862, a
member of the Council of Censors of Vermont in 1869, a member of
the Vermont Constitutional Convention in 1870, and State Senator
from Lamoille County in 1872-73. In 1874 he was again a member
of the House of Representatives, and was chosen Speaker of that body.
From December, 1874, to December, 1890, he was an Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court of Vermont.
His services in these various capacities gained for Judge Powers a
wide and honorable reputation, and stamp him as a trustworthy and
recognized leader of the Republican party in his State. In 1890 he
218 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
was elected to the Fifty-second Congress from the First District of
Vermont, and was re-elected in 1892, 1894, 1896, and 1898, serving in
the Fifty-second, Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, and Fifty-sixth
Congresses. His Congressional career has been marked by unswerv-
ing fidelity to the interests of his native State, by a broad and prac-
tical regard for the needs of the country-at-large, and by that dignity
and ability which have characterized his life. As Chairman, for sev-
eral years, of the important Committee on Pacific Railroads, and as a
member of various other important committees of the House, he has
rendered efficient service to his State and to the Nation, and is known
as one of the ablest debaters on the floor. He was Chairman of the
Vermont delegation to the Republican National Convention at Minne-
apolis in 1892, and has been President of the Merchants' Bank of St.
Jolmsbury, a Director of the Lamoille County National Bank, and a
member of the Corporation of the University of Vermont.
He was married October 11, 1858, to Caroline E., daughter of V. W.
and Adeline Waterman, of Morristown, Vt., and has two children :
Carrie L. and George M.
HE BENNINGTON BANNER, of Bemiington, Vt., was
founded February 5, 1841, as the titate Banner, by Enoch
Davis, and for nearly sixty years has held a leading posi-
tion among the newspapers of the Green Mountain State.
Its rival at that time was the Vermont Gazette, the first copy of which
was printed June 5, 1783. The Gazette was a Democratic organ, while
the Banner was Whig from the start and until the organization of
the Republican party in 1854. Meantime the Gazette had split, upon
the " free soil rock," about 1850, and its publication was discontinued
about that time, leaving the Banner the only local publication in Ben-
nington until 1870. Its first subsidy consisted of five dollar subscrip-
tions, annually, by one hundred gentlemen of its political faith. It
espoused Protection and in a little time became self-supporting.
The Banner has been continuously published until the present.
At the end of the first year J. I. C. Cook, now of Milford, Mass., be-
came interested in the paper. From 1845 to 1856 B. G. and J. I. C.
Cook were the proprietors, the senior partner having purchased a
share in 1845. In October, 1856, B. G. Cook died, and in February,
1857, Thomas J. Tiffany bought the paper and changed its name to the
Benninoton Banner. It supported Fremont and Lincoln for President
in 1856 and 1860, and has been firmly Republican in politics. In
1859 J. I. C. Cook & Son became the owners, and they sold to C. A.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 219
Pierce & Co. in August, 1870. In July, 1897, the Banner passed into
the hands of its present owners, Holden & Cushman. A daily edition
was run for several months in 187(5-77, and in 1894 a semi-weekly was
begun, which continued until December, 1899; or, rather, the Banner
was published as a semi-weekly.
For the first seven years under C. A. Pierce & Co., J. Halsey Cush-
man, father of the present junior partner, was Editor. The present
Managing Editor, Henry L. Stillson, was connected with the paper
from 1874 to 1895 in an editorial capacity, and returned to the chair
in December, 1899.
The Banner has always been the representative family journal of
Southern Vermont. Its circulation is constant, and is nearly 2,000
copies weekly. It publishes eight pages, forty-eight columns, six
columns to the page, each sheet being 30^ x 44 inches. Its editorials
and special articles have always commanded the attention, as well as
the respect and confidence, of a great army of readers, including Ver-
monters in the West, while its news service has ranked among
the best. Few papers in New England have a higher standard or
more influence than the Banner has long maintained.
OLDEN, JOHN STEDMAN, one of the proprietors of the
Bennington (Vt.) Banner, is the son of Lewis and Eliza
(Hewlett ) Holden, and was born in Charlton, Mass., May
9, 1845. He comes from an old American family, his
immigrant ancestors arriving in the early part of the seventeenth
century. Mr. Holden was educated in the schools at Dudley, Mass.,
and at Wilbraham Academy. He also took a course at Poughkeepsie
(N. Y.) Business College, graduating in three months, and at the age
of twenty-one became a policeman in Hartford, Conn. Later he con-
ducted, at one time, grocery stores in Palmer, Three Kivers, and West
Warren, Mass., and afterward purchased an oil refinery in Pennsyl-
vania, carrying on a successful wholesale business, which was bought
finally by the Standard Oil Company for a large bonus.
Mr. Holden built, in partnership with his brother, Henry, a woolen
mill in Palmer, Mass., which they operated with marked success until
1889, when it was sold to Holden & Fuller. In the same year he pur-
chased the Bennington (Vt. ) Woolen Mill, which is now operated by
the firm of Holden, Leonard & Co. A branch office does an inde-
pendent business in Boston, Mass. Mr. Holden bought a controlling
interest, in 1896, in the Woodbury (Vt. ) Granite Quarry, of which
220 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
company he is President. He also purchased a controlling interest
with Mr. Leonard in, and is President of, the Hardwick and Wood-
bury Railroad Company, is President and a Director of the Beuning-
ton National Bank, and with Harry T. Cushman is one of the owners
of the Bennington Banner. In 1900 the firm of Holdeu, Leonard & Co.,
of which he is senior member, purchased the Oneka Mill in New Bed-
ford, Mass. Mr. Holden is also connected with the firm of Bickford,
More & Co., of Hardwick, Vt. He is a member of the Masonic frater-
nity, of the Tichenor Literary Club, of the Whist Club, and of the
Congregational Church, all of Bennington, and of the Vermont Fish
and Game Club.
Politically, as well as financially, Mr. Holden is a potent factor in
the Green Mountain State. He has served as a Trustee of the Village
of Bennington, has been a delegate to several Republican State Con-
ventions, and is one of the best known and most prominent men in his
section. A Hartford (Conn.) man once said that he would "bet a
million dollars Mr. Holden could whip any man in the city in three
ways — mentally, physically, and morally." In 1900 he made an ex-
tended trip abroad, visiting the Mediterranean countries and Pales-
tine.
Mr. Holdeu was married in 18G8 to Jennie E. Goodell, of Hartford,
Conn. Their children are Arthur J. Holden, Mrs. Alice (Holden)
Bickford, Lula J. Holden, Mrs. Florence (Holden) Thomas, and
Clarence L. Holden.
TILLSON, HENRY LEONARD, Editor of the Bennington
(Vt.) Banner, is the son of Eli Bennett Stillson, a well
known farmer, and Eliza Ann Leonard, and was born in
Middle Granville, Washington County, N. Y., September
19, 1842. His mother's maternal grandfather, John Porter, of Con-
necticut, was Artificer on the staff of George Washington during the
Revolutionary War. The Stillsou family settled originally in New-
town, Conn., and still occupies the ancient homestead, which has
stood since the seventeenth century, when it was first built. The
Leonards were early settlers of Norton, Mass.
Mr. Stillson was educated in the common schools, at Troy Con-
ference Academy in Poultney, Vt, under a private tutor, and at
Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In 1861 he began
his journalistic career, entering the office of the Rutland ( Vt.) Herald
and remaining until 1867. He was then connected with the Bulletin
at Poultney, Vt., until 1871, and with the Bennington Banner from
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 221
1874 to 1895, and returned to the editorial chair of the latter paper
December 16, 1899.
He is the author of several books of standard history, namely :
History of Freemasonry and Coiieordaiil Orders, pp. 904, 1891, now in
its eightieth thousand, Fraternity Publishing Company, Boston and
New York; and Official History of Odd Felloirship, The Three-link Fra-
leriiity, pp. 1004, 1897, ibid.; lieuninyton Monument*, pp. 500, 1891
and 1897, on behalf of Vermont State as historiographer, appointed
by the Governor. He has also done literary work as "reader" of
hooks of travel, etc., in 1898, 8toddord?s Lectures, in ten crown volumes,
and is now Managing Editor of the Bennington Banner and " Fra-
ternity Historian," as connected with the Fraternity Publishing Com-
pany.
Mr. Stillsou has held but one public office, that of Health Officer
on three different boards — for two villages and the Town of Benning-
ton— and is now (1900) serving his second year of his third three-
years' term. In this capacity he has rendered important service to
the community and the State, and gained imperishable distinction.
He was Chairman of the Committee on Printing at the State Centen-
nial in 1891; represented the Associated Press in Southern Vermont
from 1876 to 1896; and reported the centennial celebrations of 1877
and 1891, receiving complimentary mention by the managers in New
York and Boston for his remarkable work. In politics he has always
been a Republican. It has been his aim and ambition to achieve
success in literary, and especially in journalistic, channels, and avoid
political activity whenever it conflicted with his duties as Editor, yet
he has stauchly supported his party and represented it in various
State and county conventions. He is one of the best known Masons
and Odd Fellows in the country, some of his best efforts having been
consecrated to the interests of those orders. He is a member and Past
Master of Mount Anthony Lodge, No. 13, F. and A. M., a member of
Pittsburgh Chapter, No'. 39, R. A. M., of Taft Commandery, No. 8,
K. T., Honorary Past Preceptor of Cyrene Preceptory and Priory,
No. 29, K. T., of Toronto, Canada, of Mount Anthony Chapter, No. 1,
O. E. S., and of Lodge No. 2076, Quatuor Coronati, of London, Eng-
land, an organization parallel to the early English Text Society, only
(in Masonic lines. He is also affiliated with all the bodies to and in-
cluding 32°, and is Past Grand Patron of the Order of the Eastern
Star and an honorary member of the Sovereign Great Priory, K. T.,
of Canada. In Odd Fellowship he has passed all the chairs in the
subordinate and Grand lodges and is Past Grand Representative,
while in the Knights of Pythias he is Chairman of the Judiciary Com-
mittee and Grand Tribune of the Grand Lodge of Vermont. He
222 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
is a member of the Tichenor Club, Chairman of the Committee on
History of the Bennington Battle Monument and Historical Associa-
tion, a member of the American Historical Association of Washing-
ton, D. C., and Registrar ( since 1889 ) of the Vermont Society Sons of
the American Eevolution. His ability as a writer, his reputation as
an author, his prominence in all the affairs of life, stamp him as a
man of unusual attainments, and have won for him a reputation
which extends throughout this country and abroad. A list of his
works occupies two pages in the annual report of the American His-
torical Association for 1893.
Mr. Stillson was married August 5, 1868, to Josephine Sophia,
daughter of Benjamin and Maria (Buckman) Woodruff, of Platts-
burgh, N. Y. She died February 18, 1880, and he married, second, Sep-
tember 6, 1881, Helen Kenyon, of Manchester, Vt., by whom he has
had four children : Bessie, Ruth Katherine, Adah Caroline, and Lee
Hascall, all deceased. His first wife bore him two children : Frances
Emily Stillson, who is living, and Benjamiu Leonard Stillson, who
died in youth.
USHMAN, HARRY THAYER, was born May 6, 1866, in Ben-
nington, Yt., where he still resides. His father, J. Halsey
Cushman, was for seven years Editor of the Bennington
Banner, and descended from the branch of the family
founded by Robert Cushman, who came over with the Pilgrims in the
Mayflower. His mother, Martha Louise Thayer, also sprang from an
old New England family.
Mr. Cushman had completed his studies in the Bennington graded
schools and was about to enter the High School when he was obliged
to go to work to help support his widowed mother. He was then
twelve years old, and he has worked in one position or another ever
since. Beginning as a grocer's clerk, he soon became the operator
in the newly opened Bennington Telephone Exchange, and, in 1881,
was made Superintendent, which position he resigned to enter the
electrical department of the New Haven Clock Company at New
Haven, Conn. He returned to Bennington in 1885, and soon afterward
entered the employ of the Bennington Manner, with the intention of
learning the printer's trade. Forced to relinquish this on account of
ill health, he began, in 1887, the study of law with Hon. W. B. Sheldon,
and was admitted to practice, after the usual three years of study and
after passing the Bar Association examination at Montpelier, at the
General Term of the Supreme Court, 1890, and was appointed Master
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 223
in Chancery two years later. In 1890 he entered into partnership with
Mr. Sheldon. He was one of the attorneys for the defense in the case
of State v. Bent and Roberts ( 64 Vt. ) , and also in State v. Bradley,
both murder cases which attracted considerable attention throughout
that section.
Mr. Cushman has done considerable stump speaking for the Repub-
licans throughout Vermont, but has never sought elective offices,
preferring to stand on the floor with the people. He accepted, how-
ever, the office of Clerk of the Graded School District, and, in 1893,
owing to the contention arising over the adoption of a system of public
sewerage, and the voting of the bonds to raise money to defray the
expense of that enterprise, he consented, after repeated requests, to
stand for village President, and was elected. He was Assistant State
Librarian in 1882; was Chairman of the Entertainment Committee of
the Citizens' Committee of Fifty having in charge the ceremonies at-
tendant upon the dedication of the Bennington Battle Monument and
the State Centennial Celebration at the same place in 1891; and was
one of the charter members and organizers, and for two terms Presi-
dent, of the State Firemen's Association. In 1894 he was appointed
County Clerk of Bennington County, which position he still holds.
He was one of the original projectors of the Bennington Electric
Railroad Company, served as its Secretary prior to its consolidation
with the Hoosick Valley Railway Company, and took an active part
in the struggle for its charter before the Legislature of 1894, the
charter being attacked by opposing railroads. In several particulars
this is one of the most notable incidents in the railroad history of
Vermont. He is a member of Mount Anthony Lodge, F. and A. M.,
and Chief of Records of Mohegan Tribe of Red Men, both of Benning-
ton.
Mr. Cushman was married April 7, 1897, to Jessie McCullough Tem-
ple. Their only child, Barbara, died in infancy.
TRANAHAN, FARRAND STEWART, of St. Albaiis, for-
merly Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, was born in New-
York City on the 3d of February, 1842, his parents being
Farrand Stewart Stranahan, Sr., and Mary Caroline Cur-
tis. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and re-
moved from there to Vermont in 1859. In August, 1862, he enlisted
in the United States Army in the War for the Union, and was suc-
cessively promoted from First Sergeant to the rank of Second and
224 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
First Lieutenant of Company L, First Vermont Cavalry. He partici-
pated in all the battles in which his regiment was engaged until he
was appointed Aide-de-Camp on the staff of General George A. Custer.
He served with that brilliant commander until September, 1864, when
he received an honorable discharge and returned to his home in Ver-
mont.
In 1865 Mr. Stranahan was made Paymaster of the Central Vermont
Railroad. Resigning this position in 1867, he engaged in business in
St. Albans and there continued until 1871, when he was appointed
Treasurer of the National Car Company, which position he still holds.
He became Cashier of the Welden National Bank of St. Albans in
1886 and was made its Vice-President in 1892. He is also a Director
of the Central Vermont Railroad Company, a Director of the Ogdens-
burg and Lake Champlain Railroad Company, and Vice-President of
the Missisquoi Railroad Company.
In politics Mr. Stranahan is a prominent and active Republican,
deeply interested in party affairs, and one of the party's acknowl-
edged leaders in Vermont. He has served as a Trustee of the Village
of St. Albans, represented his town in the Legislature in 1884, was
elected to the State Senate in 1888, and was a Trustee of the Vermont
Reform School from 1888 to 1892. In 1892 he was elected Lieutenant-
Go vernor of Vermont and filled that position with the same eminent
ability, energy, and satisfaction which have won for him so much
praise in every official and private relation. He is a member and Past
Commander of A. L. Hurlburt Post, G. A. R., a member of the Military
Order of the Loyal Legion, and one of the leading citizens of the Green
Mountain State.
Mr. Stranahan was married August 26, 1862, to Miranda Aldis
Brainerd, daughter of Hon. Lawrence and Fidelia Brainerd. They
have had two children: Mabel Fidelia Stranahan, deceased, and Far-
rand Stewart Stranahan, Jr.
AWLEY, JOSEPH ROSAVELL, LL.D., United States Senator
from Connecticut, was born in Stewartsville, N. C., October
31, 1826, and is of English-Scotch descent. His father, Rev.
Francis Hawley, was born in Farming-ton, Conn., but went
South early in life to engage in business and afterward became a Bap-
tist minister. The progenitor of the family in this country was Samuel
Hawley, who settled in Stratford, Conn., in 1639. Senator Hawley's
mother was Mary McLeod, a native of North Carolina, but of Scotch
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 225
parentage. In 1837 the family returned to Connecticut, the ancestral
home of those who had borne the name in years before, and Joseph,
then a boy of eleven, continued his education in New England insti-
tutions. He studied at the Hartford Grammar School and later pre-
pared for college at the seminary in Cazenovia, N. Y., whither the fam-
ily moved in 1842. Uev. Francis Hawley was an active anti-slavery
man, and from him the son imbibed many of the sound patriotic and
political ideas which have characterized his life.
Graduating from Hamilton College in 1847 with an unusually high
reputation as a speaker and debater, Senator Hawley had recourse to
That occupation which so many men of mark have practiced in their
early days. He taught school during the winter months and applied
himself devotedly to the study of laAV in his leisure moments and dur-
ing the summer. He returned to Hartford again and began the prac-
tice of his chosen profession in 1850. He soon became interested in the
Free Soil party, was Chairman of the Connecticut State Committee,
and wrote- many articles for the State press for that organization, be-
sides speaking in every canvass. He strongly opposed the Know
Nothings and devoted his energies to unifying all the forces which
then opposed slavery.
The first meeting for the organization of the Kepublican party in
Connecticut was held in his law office, and it was assembled in answer
10 his personal call February 4, 185(5. In the Fremont campaign of
that year Mr. Hawley gave three months to speaking in its behalf. His
interest in the new party was such that in February, 1857, he gave up
the practice of law. He had already made a reputation as a writer,
and, believing that he could greatly further the interests of his party
by devoting his time to journalism, he formed a partnership with the
late William Faxon, of Hartford, who was afterward Assistant Secre-
tary of the Navy. The firm name was Hawley & Faxon, and they
purchased the Erciiim/ I'rcus, a new and distinctly Republican paper.
Mr. Hawley became its editor and worked very hard, succeeding in
making of it a paying investment. He then negotiated the purchase
of the Hartford Coiinnit, in 1867, the firm being Hawley, Goodrich &
< 'o. Those were days of activity and usefulness in shaping the public
mind, and in the stirring events of that period Mr. Hawley took a
prominent part. In 1861, though reluctant to leave his important
place at the editorial desk, he responded to the first appeal for troops,
drew up a form of enlistment, and, assisted by Colonel Drake, who
afterward commanded the Tenth Eegimeut, organized and equipped
rifle Company A of the First Connecticut Volunteers. The company
was formed inside of twenty-four hours, and Captain Hawley was an
officer in the first volunteer regiment sent from his State. His war
220
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
record was a long and brilliant one. He was in many engagements
and received special praise for gallant conduct at the battle of Bull
Run from General E. D. Keyes, the Brigade Commander.
After serving three months as Captain of his company, he joined
Alfred H. Terry in enlisting and organizing the Seventh Connecticut
Regiment, of which Mr. Terry became Colonel and Mr. Hawley Lieu-
tenant-Colonel. He spent two and a half years in South Carolina,
Georgia, and Florida, going South in the Port Royal expedition, and
on the capture of Hilton Head the Seventh Regiment went ashore as a
garrison. Four months were consumed in the siege of Fort Pulaski
and at its surrender the regiment was selected for the garrison. He
was also engaged in
various expeditions
along the coast. In 1862
Colonel Terry was ap-
pointed Brigadier-Gen-
eral and Lieutenant-
Colonel Hawley was ap-
pointed Colonel, com-
manding the regiment
in the battles of James
Island and Pocotaligo
and in Brennan's ex-
pedition to Florida. He
went there with his regi-
ment in 1863 and com-
manded the port of Fer-
nandina. In April of
that year an expedition
against Charleston was
undertaken, but was not
successful. Colonel
Hawley was engaged
with his regiment in this enterprise. In February, 1864, he had com-
mand of a brigade under General Truman Seymour in the battle of
Olustee, Fla., where the National forces lost over one-third of their
number. His regiment was one of the few which were armed with
the Spencer breech-loading rifle, Colonel Hawley having procured
this weapon in 1863, and it proved of great effect in the hands of his
troops. In April, 1864, he went to Virginia, having a brigade in
Terry's Division, the Tenth Corps of the Army of the James. He was
in the battles of Drewry's Bluff, Deep Run, Derbytown Road, and
others in the vicinity of Bermuda Hundred and Deep Bottom, and
JOSEPH R. HAWLEY.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 227
commanded a division in the fight on the New Market road. He was
also in the siege of Petersburg.
In September, 1864, having been repeatedly recommended by his
superiors, he was made a Brigadier-General, and in November of that
year he commanded a picked brigade sent to New York City to pre-
serve the peace during the week of the Presidential election. When
General Terry was sent to Fort Fisher in January, 1805, General Haw-
ley succeeded to his division and rejoined Terry after the capture of
the fort as chief of staff of the Tenth Corps.
Upon the capture of Wilmington he was detailed by General Scho-
field to establish a base of supplies at Wilmington for Sherman's
armj', and to command Southeastern North Carolina. He rejoined
Terry in June as chief of staff for the Department of Virginia. In
October, 1865, he returned home and was commissioned as Brevet
Major-General, and was honorably discharged with this rank January
15, 1866.
The State of Connecticut honored its distinguished soldier by elect-
ing him Governor in April, 1866, and after serving his term of one year
he resumed his editorial duties on the Conrant, which was consoli-
dated with the Evening Press. Here he remained until 1872, vigorously
entering the political contests following the war and being in demand
as a public speaker in all parts of the country. He was Chairman of
the National Kepublicau Convention in 1868, Secretary of the Commit-
tee on Eesolutions in 1872, and Chairman of the same committee in
1876.
In November, 1872, he began his long career in Congress, being
elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Hon. Julius L.
Strong. The next April he was re-elected for the full term ending in
March, 1875 (the Forty-third Congress), but was defeated for the
Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. He was returned to Wash-
ington for the Forty-sixth Congress, 1879-1881.
In March, 1873, he became President of the United States Centen-
nial Commission and served as such until its work was finished in
January, 1877. The years of 1875 and 1876 he spent in Philadelphia
attending to the exacting and heavy duties of his position. The initial
stages of this great enterprise were especially fraught with a good
deal of difficulty, but these were overcome and the exposition was of
value and usefulness beyond the anticipations of its promoters. The
co-operative corporation, the Centennial Board of Finance, composed
chiefly of Philadelphians, proved absolutely indispensable and per-
fectly competent in attending to the financial work. In industrial,
mechanical, and agricultural branches it was the largest affair of its
kind up to that date and had a visible effect on the industries of the
228 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
country. The commissioners were able to return to the government
the one and a half million dollars loaned for the exhibition.
General Hawley was elected United States Senator from Connec-
ticut in January, 1881, by the unanimous vote of his party, and was re-
elected in the same manner in January, 1887, and was returned in 1893
and again in 1899. His record in Congress has been a very active and
prominent one. In the House of Representatives he served on the
Committees on Claims, Banking and Currency, Military Affairs, and
Appropriations. In the Senate he has served many years on the Com-
mittees on Coast Defenses, Railroads, Printing, and Military Affairs.
He was Chairman of the Committee on Civil Service Reform that re-
ported the Civil Service Law in its present shape. He has been for the
past seventeen years greatly interested in promoting a thorough sys-
tem of coast defenses and in rebuilding the navy, and later in urging
the passage of a bill for the re-organization of the army and National
Guard. He served as Chairman of a Select Committee on Ordnance
and Warships, and submitted at that time a valuable report on inves-
tigations into steel production and heavy gun construction both here
and in England. During nearly his whole career in the United States
Senate he has been a member of the Committee on Military Affairs,
succeeding the late General Burnside, and has been Chairman of that
committee, with a brief exception, since the death of General Logan.
He is also a member of the Committees on Coast Defenses, the Con-
struction of the Nicaragua Canal, and International Expositions. He
has been a member of Congress since December, 1873, with the ex-
ception of two terms, when he was defeated. His present term expires
March 4, 1905.
General Hawley was a delegate to the Free Soil National Conven-
tion of 1852, an alternate delegate to the Republican conventions of
1852 and 1860, and was chosen a delegate to the convention of 1864,
declining because his corps was daily watching for a battle. He was
President of the convention of 1868 when General Grant was first
nominated, Secretary of the Committee on Resolutions in 1872, and
Chairman of that committee in 1876. In 1875 he received the degree
of LL.D. from Hamilton College, in 1886 Yale conferred the same
degree upon him, and later that honor was received from Trinity Col-
lege. He is a Trustee of Hamilton College. He is an ardent Repub-
lican, intensely patriotic, one of the best orators in the country, and
has made many addresses for the Grand Army, college societies, at
dedications of monuments, and on historical anniversaries. He is
still one of the owners of the Hartford Coitrant, but since he re-entered
Congress has not been an active editor.
In 1855 General Hawley married Miss Harriet Ward Foote, of Guil-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 229
ford, Conn. Her father was Colonel George A. Foote, a brother of Dr.
Lyman Beecher's first wife. She died March 3, 1886. In November,
1887, he married Miss Edith Anne Hornor, a native of Essex County,
England. She had for ten years devoted her life to hospitals and
training schools for nurses, the last three years previous to her mar-
riage being spent in Philadelphia. By this marriage there are two
daughters. General Hawley also has an adopted daughter, a niece
of his first wife.
LATT, ORYILLE HITCHCOCK, LL.D., United States Sena-
tor from Connecticut, since 1879,is the son of Daniel G.Platt,
a prominent farmer, and was born in Washington, Conn.,
on the 19th of July, 1827. He remained on the paternal
farm until he was twenty years of age, receiving his education in the
common schools and at Frederick Gunn's Academy, styled the " Gunn-
ery," since a well known institution. Subsequently he read law in
Litchfield with Gideon H. Hollister, the historian of Connecticut, and
was admitted to the bar of his native State in 1849. Later he was ad-
mitted to the bar of Pennsylvania, where he was for six months in the
Towanda office of Hon. Ulysses Mercur, Chief Justice of the State.
In 1851 Mr. Platt resumed his law practice in Connecticut, settling
in Meriden, where he has ever since resided. He soon came into more
than local prominence as a lawyer and also as a public spirited citizen,
and early in his career was called to important positions of trust and
responsibility. In 1855 and 1856 he was Clerk of the State Senate. In
1857 he was elected Secretary of the State of Connecticut and served
one year. He was elected a member of the State Senate in 1861-62 and
was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1864 and 1869,
being Speaker of that body in the latter year. In 1877 he was a Judge
of Probate, and was also appointed State Attorney for New Haven
County and held that office until 1879.
In 1879 Mr. Platt was elected United States Senator to succeed Hon.
William H. Barnum (Democrat), who had been elected to fill a va-
cancy caused by the death of Hon. Orris S. Ferry (Republican). Mr.
Platt took his seat in that exalted body on March 18, 1879, and has
continued to hold it ever since, having been successively re-elected to
succeed himself in 1885, 1890, and 1897 — each time by the unanimous
vote of the Republican members of the Connecticut State Legislature.
His present term expires March 3, 1903.
Senator Platt, during his long and active career in the United States
Senate, has achieved a National reputation, and is regarded as one of
230 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the ablest and most distinguished statesmen in the country. He has
served in the Senate on various important committees, notably those
on Contingent Expenses, Pensions, etc., and was Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Patents and Acting Chairman of the Committee on Revision
of Laws. In the Fiftieth and Fifty-first Congresses he was Chairman
of the Committee on Territories, and during his service in that capacity
six new States were admitted to the Union. He was also Chairman of
the Special Committee having charge of the copyright bill which was
passed in 1891. To his efforts in committee and on the Senate floor is
due, in great part, the passage of that measure. He is a member of the
Judiciary Committee, the Finance Committee, and the Committee on
Indian Affairs. Senator Platt is a forcible speaker, possessing a style
that is at once finished and polished. A close student of political ques-
tions, his words are well chosen, his arguments are logical and con-
vincing, and his judgment is sound. In the Senate he is recognized as
one of the most careful legislators, and among his associates is highly
esteemed and respected. At the bar he has always maintained a high
standard. He early built up a large general legal business, making a
specialty of patent law, and for a number of years has been one of the
acknowledged leaders of the bar of his native State. He is especially
prominent in religious and philanthropic work in Meriden, where he
resides, and in a quiet, unostentatious way is a friend to the needy, lib-
eral in his charities, and kind and considerate toward all. The vet-
erans of the war and soldiers' widows have in him one of their strong-
est supporters. In 1887 Yale conferred upon him the degree of LL.D.
HILDS, GEORGE THEODORE, Editor of the St. Albans(Vt)
Daily Messenger, is the son of Francis and Juliet (Bearing)
Childs, and was born in Charlestown, Mass., September 7,
1842. He is a lineal descendant of Benjamin Child, who
came from England to Roxbury, Mass., in 1630, and also of George
Bunker, from whom the famous battle site of the Revolution de-
rived its name. Mr. Childs received a common school education and
began his active business life as an office boy in 1858. From 1859 to
1861 he was employed as bookkeeper, and from 1861 to 1863 he was
in the United States service as a private soldier.
Returning home, Mr. Childs resumed his duties as bookkeeper, and
continued them until 1873, when he was appointed private secretary
to J. G. Smith, President of the Central Vermont Railroad Company,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 231
which position he held until 1892. Since the latter year he has been
the Editor of the St. Albans Daily Messenger, one of the leading daily
newspapers of Vermont.
Mr. Guilds was Chief-of-Staff under Governor Farnham from 1880 to
1882 and Judge Advocate-General of Vermont from 1882 to 1884. In
the latter year he was chosen a Presidential Elector on the Kepublican
ticket. He has been a member of the National Republican Committee
since 1896, in which year he represented St. Albans in the State Leg
islature. He has always been an active Kepublican, an acknowledged
leader of his party, and especially influential in party councils, and in
every position to which he has been chosen he has shown marked
ability. His excellence and popularity as a public speaker have been
manifested at many political and society conferences in his adopted
State and elsewhere, and on the occasion of the Republican party
pilgrimage to William McKinley's home, prior to the latter's election
to the Presidency, he made, as President of the Vermont State Repub-
lican League, an effective speech outlining the position taken by
Vermont in the notable McKinley and Hobart campaign, and pledging
the political allegiance of the Green Mountain State to those eminent
candidates.
Mr. Childs was married September 19, 1866, to Lucy Ella Byrnes.
They have four children : Arthur Francis, Juliette Nielson, Annie
Smith, and Harold David.
OUGHTON, JAMES CLAY, of Montpelier, Vt., is the son of
Rev. James C. and Julia (Morton) Houghton. His father
was a Congregational minister and a stanch Republican,
having voted for General John G. Fremont for President in
1856. He was a Whig prior to the formation of the Republican party.
In 1857 he took up his residence in Vermont, living in Chelsea.
James C. Houghton was born in Petersham, Worcester County,
Mass., September 2, 1841, and was graduated from Amherst College
in 1862, having previously attended the academy at East Windsor
Hill, Conn. After graduation he studied law two years, and then
filled the position of Cashier of the Orange County National Bank at
Chelsea until 1871, when he moved to Montpelier and became Cashier
of the First National Bank, which position he held until 1885. He
then became Treasurer of the National Life Insurance Company, hav-
ing been elected a Director in 1874. In 1897 he was made Vice-Presi-
232 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
dent of the company, which office he still holds. Since 1890 he has
also been a Director of the First National Bank of Montpelier.
Mr. Houghton is an ardent Republican, an able business man, and a
public spirited citizen. He has always taken a deep interest in local
and State Affairs, and is one of the prominent men of his section.
He was Deputy Clerk of the Orange County Court for two years, Treas-
urer of Montpelier for many years, and in 1886 was elected to the
Vermont Legislature from Montpelier. He is a Knight Templar
Mason. He married Miss Grace K. Blackwell, of Philadelphia, Pa.,
in 1869. They have two children : Edward Rittenhouse and Grace
Morton.
STEY, JULIUS JACOB, President of the well known Estey
Organ Company, has been a life-long resident of Brattle-
boro, Vt., where he was born in January, 1845, his parents
being Jacob Estey and Desdeinona Wood. Receiving a
public school education in his native town, he entered Norwich Mili-
tary University, but did not graduate, as he was admitted by his
father into the business of organ building, which was established in
1846, and which has become justly famous. Upon attaining his ma-
jority he was made a full partner in the firm of J. Estey & Co., com-
posed of Jacob Estey, Julius J. Estey, and Levi K. Fuller. This firm
was subsequently re-organized under the present style of the Estey
Organ Company. Mr. Estey was Treasurer before the death of his
distinguished father (in 1890). As President of the company, suc-
ceeding his father, he has gained a reputation which extends
throughout the country. The Estey organ is a household word, being
known in almost every home in the United States, and the success of
the instrument is due in no small measure to his energy, enterprise,
and ability. He is also President of the People's National Bank of
Brattleboro, one of the soundest and most progressive fiduciary insti-
t utions in Vermont.
General Estey, though primarily a business man of recognized
ability, has also taken a prominent part in the political affairs of
his native State, and as a Republican has won an acknowledged leader-
ship in party councils. In 1876 he was a member of the Vermont
Iloufce of Representatives. In 1880 he was appointed a member of the
Board of Trustees of the Vermont Reform School. In 1882 he was
State Senator from Windham County, and in the Senate served on
the Committees on Finance and Manufactures and as Chairman of the
Committee on Military Affairs. He was a delegate-at-large from Ver-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 233
mout to the National Republican Convention of 1888, and there his in-
fluence was felt and appreciated by his associates.
Associating himself with the National Guard of the State of Ver-
mont at an early age, he was elected, in 1874, Captain of his company,
since known as the Estey Guard, and in 1876 was appointed a mem-
ber of Governor Horace Fairbanks's military staff, with the rank of
Colonel. He was elected Lieutenant-Colonel in 1881, and Colonel in
1886, of the Vermont National Guard, and was promoted to the com-
mand of the brigade, with rank of Brigadier-General, in 1892, and
was re-elected in 1894, 1896, and 1898, and still holds that office.
General Estey has always commanded one of the best disciplined and
finest military bodies in New England, a fact due largely to his strong
Christian character, his soldierly qualities, and his considerate, polite,
and exemplary treatment of his men, who honor and respect him as
their leader.
A considerable portion of General Estey's life has been spent in
church and charitable work, in which he has successfully inspired
men to higher and nobler attainments. A great benefactor to and
worker in the Sunday school of his denomination, which he has
fostered and encouraged to the utmost, he has served for more than a
decade as President of the Board of Managers of the Baptist State
Convention of Vermont, and as President of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association of Brattleboro since its organization and as a mem-
ber of the Executive Committee of the State association. His interest
in the Young Men's Christian Association's affairs has been wide-
spread and eminently noteworthy, having extended throughout Ver-
mont and in the various gatherings. In brief, he has long been one
of the most liberal supporters and trusted leaders of the institution in
his section. His gifts to deserving objects are well known, and his
efforts as well as his deeds have won the highest encomiums of his
associates and felhnv-men. He has been an active promoter of educa-
tional matters, having been for several years the Treasurer of Ver-
mont Academy at Saxton's River, one of the leading preparatory insti-
tutions in the State. For many years he has also been a member of
the Board of Trustees of the School for Young Men at Mount Hermon,
Mass., and the Northfield Seminary (for young ladies) at Northfield,
Mass., both of which were founded by the late Dwight L. Moody, the
noted evangelist. Of the seminarv he has been Treasurer for twelve
•e
vears.
General Estey was married in 1867 to Florence, daughter of Dr.
Henry Gray, of Cambridge, N. Y. They have had three sons : Jacob
Gray Estey, Julius Harry Estey, and Guy Carpenter Estey, the latter
having died in 1887.
234 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
HEDD, LORENZO WILLIAM, Postmaster of Montpelier,
Vt, was born in Lowell, in that State, August 19, 1843, but.
moved to Kichmond when a child, and there attended
district school until he was sixteen years of age. When
the War of the Kebellion broke out he enlisted as a private in the
Ninth Vermont Volunteer Regiment, June 23, 1862. He was pro-
moted to Corporal and Sergeant in the same company, and was dis-
charged from his regiment in October, 1863, for promotion as Second
Lieutenant in the United States Army, being commissioned in Novem-
ber, 1863. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in May, 1865, was
detailed on the staff of General Sedgwick, was transferred to the staff
of General Draper, and was again trausferred to the staff of Major-
General Giles A. Smith, commanding the division ordered to Browns-
ville, Texas, in 1865. Shortly afterward, in addition to other duties,
he was appointed Chief of Ordnance on the staff of Major-General
Godfrey Weitzel, was detached by order of General Sheridan, and
directed to join General Escobado, commanding the Army of the
North in Mexico during the French intervention. He was attached
to Escobado's staff as honorary Aide-de-Camp, with the rank of Major
of cavalry, and remained with him until the execution of Maximilian,
Miramon, and Megia, at which he was present.
Major Shedd returned to the frontier in October, 1869, and was sent
to the City of Mexico by the United States Government on a special
secret mission to arrange for the settlement of a difference between
the United States and Mexico. Having successfully accomplished
this, he returned in December, 1870, to the United States, went to
Washington in January, 1871, to make his report, and received the
thanks of President Grant for the manner in which the mission had
been performed.
He resigned from the United States service in February, 1871, and
returned to Vermont, where he remained six months. He then went
to Boston, remaining there a year and a half, after which he went
West on account of poor health, and remained four years. He again
returned to Vermont and was there three years. In 1881 he was made
Chief Deputy Collector of Internal Bevenue for the District of Ver-
mont, serving four years. He went West again and remained two
years, returning in 1887. Since that time has made Montpelier his
home, being engaged in the business of life insurance and investment
securities.
Major Shedd has been President of the Montpelier Republican
League Club since its organization in 1891. He was appointed Post-
master of Montpelier on July 6, 1898, and still holds that office. In
politics he has always been a Republican, active in party affairs, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 235
one of the party's acknowledged and most trustworthy leaders in
Vermont.
Major Shedd was married July 6, 1875, to Clara H. Bangs, of Gor-
ham, Me. They have no children.
ROWN, RUFUS EVERSON, a leading lawyer of Burling-
ton, Vt., was born in Dickinson, Franklin County, N. Y.,
on the 3d of December, 1854. He is the son of John T.
Brown and Margaret A. (Dillenbeck) Brown. He received
his preliminary education in the common schools and at Lawrenceville
(N. Y.) Academy, and in the fall of 1875 entered Amsterdam Acad-
emy, at Amsterdam, N. Y., from which he was graduated in 1876. In
1877 he entered the office of Wales & Taft, of Burlington, Vt., and
there pursued his legal studies for three years, being admitted to the
bar at Burlington in September, 1880. From that time until April 1,
1891, he taught school and worked at home, and then, on the latter
date, opened a law office in Burlington, where he has since practiced
his profession with uninterrupted success. He has won an honorable
position at the Chittenden County bar, being particularly successful
in the trial of jury causes.
Mr. Brown has always been a Republican, having cast his first vote
for Hayes and Wheeler in 1876. In April, 1892, he was elected Grand
Juror of Burlington, and was re-elected to that position in 1893. He
was elected State's Attorney of Chittenden County in September, 1894,
and administered the duties of that office with so much credit and
satisfaction that he was re-elected in 1896 and again in 1898. In
these capacities, as well as at the bar, he has displayed abilities of
the highest order, and has won for himself a high reputation.
Mr. Brown was married September 2, 1877, to Delia F. Wood, and
has one son, Ralph E.
EABODY, DANIEL PUTNAM, of Rutland, is one of the com-
paratively few men now living who were among the found-
ers of the Republican party in Vermont. He cast his first
vote for General John C. Fremont for President in 1856,
and has remained a stanch Republican ever since. He was born in
Mount Vernon, N. H., August 17, 1832, and is the son of Isaac Peabody
and Susan Bradford, the latter being also a native of Mount Vernon.
236 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
His paternal great-grandfather, Isaac Peabody, of Salem, Mass., and
his grandfather, Daniel Peabody, both settled in Andover, Vt., where
his father, Isaac, was born.
Mr. Peabody was educated in the common schools and in Black
River Academy, at Ludlow, Vt. His father lived in Chester, Andover,
and Weston, successively, and he worked on the farm until he was
seventeen years of age. He then went to Pittsford, Rutland County,
Vt., to enter the service of his uncle, Joseph H. Peabody, who was at
that time engaged in a mercantile and peddling business, in dealing
in Avool and woolen goods, and in farming. Young Peabody secured
an interest in his uncle's business, which he retained for twenty-five
years, gaining a high reputation for ability, industry, and integrity.
While a resident of Pittsford Mr. Peabody was a Justice of the
Peace for ten years and Selectman from 1864 to 1866. He represented
Pittsford in the State Legislature in 1868 and 1869, and for six years
he served as Deputy Sheriff. He was elected High Sheriff of Rutland
County in 1878, took office December 1 of that year, and has been re-
elected consecutively every term since. He holds the record in the
United States for continuity in the office of Sheriff up to the present
time, being in his twenty-second year in constant service. He has
never sought the office nor electioneered in any way, a fact which
speaks volumes for the confidence reposed in him by the people of
Rutland County.
Mr. Peabody is a member of Otter Creek Lodge, No. 70, F. and A. M.,
of Pittsford, and of Farmers Chapter, No. 9, R. A. M., of Brandon, and
as a citizen and public official is universally respected and esteemed.
He was married October 20, 1853, to Mary A. E., daughter of John and
Lucretia Woodbury, of Pittsford, Vt. They have no children.
ABBITT, GEORGE H., of Bellows Falls, Chairman of the
Republican State Committee of Vermont, was born in
Windsor, Vt., September 13, 1861, and is the son of George
H. Babbitt, a Whig and later a Republican, and Frances
(Johnson) Babbitt. He was educated in the common schools of
Bellows Falls and at the Military Academy in Granville, N. Y., grad-
uating from the latter institution. After leaving school he went to
work for the American Express Company, and continued in various
capacities until he was appointed Superintendent over three thousand
miles of the company's business. He resigned the position in July,
1899, to assume the management of the Robertson Paper Company,
which position he still holds.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 237
Mr. Babbitt was elected a member of the Republican State Com-
mittee for Windham County, Vt., in 1896, and during the McKinley
and Hobart campaign of that year rendered most efficient service to
his party. The State of Vermont gave Mr. McKinley, in 1896, the
largest majority ever given a Republican candidate for President, and
Windhain County gave the largest majority by 1,100 ever given a
Republican. In the spring of 1898 Mr. Babbitt was elected Chairman
of the committee, which position he is now filling with characteristic
ability, energy, and satisfaction.
He married Jennie Robertson, daughter of John Robertson, of
Putney, Vt., who represented Putney in the Legislature, and after
moving to Bellows Falls represented that town in the Legislature for
two vears.
IIELDON, JOHN ALEXANDER, Postmaster of Rutland, Vt.,
was born in Troy, X. Y., August 4,1839, and is the eldest son
of Charles Sheldon and Janet Reid. He is a direct descend-
ant of Ensign John Sheldon, of Deerfield, Mass., who built
the " Old Indian House " there. Through his maternal ancestry he
is descended from the Somerville family, of Scotland. Charles Shel-
don was the son of Medad and Mary (Bass) Sheldon, and was bom in
Rutland, Vt., July 1, 1814. He learned the trade of cabinet maker,
\v«is a clerk in a country store, went to Montreal, and at the age of
eighteen became captain of a steam craft and later master of a vessel
on the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. Subsequently he was en-
gaged in the lumber trade in Troy and New York City, but in 1850
returned to Rutland, Vt, and entered the marble business, forming a
partnership with David Morgan, Jr., and Lorenzo Sheldon. In 1865
he associated with him his sons Charles and John A., and later another
son, William K., and in 1889 the Sheldon Marble Company was in-
corporated. Mr. Sheldon was active in politics, served on the Whig
State Committee of Vermont, and later was identified with the Free
Soil party. He was the political associate of Horace Greeley and Thur-
low Weed, a warm and intimate friend of James G. Blaine, but would
never accept office. He died November 3, 1889. He married, June 13,
1838, Janet, daughter of John and Janet (Somerville) Reid, and had
seven sons and one daughter: John A., Charles H., James S. (who
died in infancy). George P., Richard K., Janet S. (died in infancy),
Archie L., and William K. Mrs. Sheldon died in February, 1859, and
on January 1, 1862, he married Harriet D. Pierce, daughter of Hon.
George Redington, of W'addington, N. Y., who survives him.
238 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
John A. Sheldon acquired his education at a private school in New
York City, where he studied for three years; at Sand Lake (N. Y.)
Academy; and at Williamstown Academy in Massachusetts. Ill
health, however, prevented him from pursuing a college course, which
he ardently desired, and in 1854 he removed to Rutland, Vt., now
\Yest Rutland, entering the general store of Sheldons, Morgan &
Slason as a clerk or salesman. He soon became bookkeeper, and held
that position until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he enlisted
in Company K, First Vermont Volunteer Infantry. At this time he
was a Sergeant in the Rutland Light Guard, of which General
W. Y. W. Ripley was Captain. He was made Second Sergeant of Com-
pany K, and was mustered with his regiment into the United States
service for three months on May 2, 1861, and was ordered to Fortress
Monroe and later to Newport News. He was in the battle of Big
Bethel, where the gallant conduct of the Vermont troops won much
praise. He served his term of enlistment, returned home, re-
entered the establishment of Sheldons, Morgan & Slason, and shortly
afterward re-enlisted and became Captain of Company C, Tenth Ver-
mont Volunteers. After seeing much active service, in the meantime
serving on the staff of General II. S. Grant, he retired from the army
in 1865. He was not only exceedingly popular with his men, but
always enjoyed the pleasantest relations with his fellow-officers.
Returning to Rutland, Mr. Sheldon engaged in the marble business,
under the firm name of Sheldons & Slason, which, a few years later,
became Sheldon & Sons, and finally the Sheldon Marble Company, of
\vhich Mr. Sheldon was Treasurer. He was Vice-President and a
Director of the Merchants' National Bank of Rutland, and as a busi-
ness man has always maintained the confidence and respect of all who
know him.
Mr. Sheldon has always been a stanch and consistent Republican.
He was Selectman of Rutland for three years; a Trustee of the Village
of Rutland for two years; and President of the Village Board of Trus-
tees for one year. Upon the incorporation of the City of Rutland he
was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen and served two years.
In 1895 he was elected Mayor of the city. In 1876 he represented
Rutland in the State Legislature. He was Senior Aid-de-Camp on the
staff of Governor Horace Fairbanks, with the rank of Colonel, during
Mr. Fairbanks's term of office. He was appointed Postmaster of Rut-
land, and since April 20, 1897, has discharged the duties of that office
with characteristic energy.
December 20, 1866, Mr. Sheldon married Caroline Eastman, and
they have seven children : Charles Alexander, born October 17, 1867;
Augustus Eastman, born June 25, 1869; Mary Hatfield, born March 31,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 239
1871; Frances Marion, born February 1, 1873; John Somerville, born
February 4, 1875; Carolyn Pearl, born November 9, 1876; and Archie
McDaniels, born April 23, 1885.
|LLEN, IRA R., son of Ira C. and Mary E. (Richardson) Allen,
was born March 29, 1859, in Fair Haven, Vt, where he still
resides. His father was one of the best known men in the
State, serving five terms in the Legislature. Mr. Allen
attended the Fair Haven schools and Colgate Academy in Hamilton,
N. Y., was graduated from Brown University in 1882, and then en-
gaged in the produce business in New York City, continuing until
1884. In 1886 he became interested in mining operations in Virginia,
where he remained three years, when he returned to Fair Haven and
identified himself with important banking, slate, and railway inter-
ests. He is Vice-President of the Allen National Bank, a Director in
various business corporations, and prominent in all the affairs of the
town.
Mr. Allen is a Republican. He has served as Selectman of his town,
and in 1892 was a member of the Legislature and in 1894 of the State
Senate. He was elected a member of the Republican State Committee
in 1896 and was re-elected in 1898, and was appointed Postmaster of
Fair Haven by President McKinley, which position he still holds. He
is a 32° Mason and in religion a Baptist.
HE CALEDONIAN was established in 1837 by Albert O.
Chadwick, one of the leading citizens of St. Johusbury, Vt.,
" in the interests of the Whig party, the protection of
American industry, the cause of temperance, and equal
rights." Since that time the paper has had but two proprietors, and
since 1855 it has been managed by members of the Stone family.
TONE, CHARLES MARSHALL, was born in Lyndon, Vt,
April 18, 1833. When he was sixteen years old he entered
the Caledonian office on the day that Zachery Taylor was
inaugurated President. Six years later, in 1855, he suc-
ceeded Mr. Chadwick as Editor and Proprietor, holding this responsi-
ble position until his death on March 12, 1890, at Jacksonville, Fla.
240
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
He was one of the veterans of Vermont journalism, greatly devoted
to his calling, and possessed of courage, sincerity, and strength of
conviction. During the trying years of the Civil War the North had
no firmer friend and defender, and for many years after that civil
strife the utterances of the Caledonian were quoted in many of the
leading papers of the land.
Never seeking public office, he
devoted his time and energies to
his chosen calling. He was one
of the charter members of the
Vermont Press Association and
for many years its Treasurer.
His address delivered before that
association at their annual meet-
ing in July, 1886, was copied
into many of the State papers,
and extracts eppeared in many
of the metropolitan journals.
Though deprived of a college
education, he kept in touch with
public affairs by extensive trav-
els in the United States, and his
letters from the far West and
Mexico, published during his ab-
sence, were eagerly read and
widely copied. In the New Eiiy-
Mat/azinc for February, 1891, a writer said of Mr. Stone: " The
marked characteristics of his paper were its uullinchiug independ-
ence, the vigor with which it tore the mask from hypocrisy, its hatred
of tricksters and time-servers in politics, its readiness to alienate
friends rather than yield jot or tittle of what it believed to be the
truth. With such a policy the Caledonian became a real power in the
community. A small country weekly, its influence and reputation
have been quite beyond its magnitude as a business enterprise, and
it is well known far outside its own field."
Mr. Stone was married in 1858 to Sarah, daughter of Governor
Erastus and Lois C. Fairbanks. Three of their four children are now
living, and their eldest son, Arthur F. Stone, succeeded his father at
the head of the paper in 1890. The present Editor was born in St.
Johnsbury, Vt., February 18, 1863; was educated at St. Johnsbiiry
Academy; was graduated from Amherst College in 1885; has traveled
extensively both in this country and in Europe; and is keeping up the
high standard of journalism set by his father. Mr. Stone has served
CHARLES M. STONE.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 241
on the Republican State Committee, is a member of the Town School
Board, Clerk of the village, and identified with all the best interests
of his toAvn.
AN PATTEN, WILLIAM JAMES, of Burlington, Vt, was
born September 9, 1848, in the Village of Wawautosa, a
suburb of Milwaukee, Wis. Upon the death of his father,
which occurred a year or two later, his mother returned to
her friends in the East, and since that time Mr. Van Patten has been
a resident of Vermont. During his boyhood he lived with his mother
in Bristol and Middlebury, where he received his education in the
public schools.
In 1864 he moved to Burlington and entered the drug business as a
clerk for A. C. Spear, then the leading druggist of his section. He
remained in Mr. Spear's employ for four years, at the end of which
time he Avas engaged by the wholesale drug firm of Henry & Co. to
take charge of their drug department. Henry & Co. Avere the prede-
cessors of the present house of the Wells & Richardson Company, and
Mr. Van Patten has been in the business continually since that time.
In 1872 he Avas admitted as a partner in the firm, the name being
changed to Wells, Richardson & Co. In 1883 the business was incor-
porated as the Wells & Richardson Company, and Mr. Van Patten Avas
made Secretary. His active business career has been connected with
this successful firm, and to his energy and ability no small part of its
success is due.
Mr. Van Patten has always taken an active interest in public affairs,
and has filled many offices of a public and semi-public character. He
has been especially interested in religious and philanthropic move-
ments, and has been an active supporter of the First Congregational
Church of Burlington, in which he has been an officer since 1878.
He has also been active in the work of the Burlington Young Men's
Christian Association, and Avas President of the organization from
1882 to 1889. It was during this time, and largely through his efforts,
that the substantial building, which is owned and occupied by the
association, was erected. When the Christian Endeavor movement
Avas first started, he became at once interested in it, and was made
Treasurer of the United Society of Christian Endeavor when it was
organized in 1883. In 1885 he was elected President of the society,
which office he held for two years, until Dr. Francis E. Clark resigned
his pastorate to devote himself wholly to the Christian Endeavor
242 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
work. Mr. Van Patten was the presiding officer of four of the great
National Christian Endeavor Conventions: at Old Orchard, Me., in
1885; at Saratoga, N. Y., in 1886 and 1887; and at Chicago in 1888.
He has, from the beginning of this organization, been a member of
the Board of Trustees of the United Society.
The work of the Adams City Mission, of Burlington, also engaged
Mr. Van Patten's interest, and in 1896 he gave the mission the sub-
stantial building on College Street, which it now occupies. He is
President of the corporation of the Adams Mission Home and takes
an active part in its work. In 1894 he became interested in the forma-
tion of the Kurn Hattin Homes at Westminster, Vt., for the care and
training of indigent children. He has since that time been President
of that organization, and has given it the large and substantial build-
ing which it now occupies as its principal house and home for boys.
While in politics Mr. Van Patten has always been an active sup-
porter of the Republican party, he has never been an office seeker.
His fellow-citizens, however, in 1894, expressed a strong desire that
he should be their candidate for Mayor of the City of Burlington, to
which he consented. He was elected by a large majority, and the fol-
lowing year was re-elected by a practically unanimous vote. During
his term of office many public improvements were made, the more
notable ones being the establishment of a paid fire department and
the improvement of the streets under the commission for permanent
improvements, for which a fund of one hundred thousand dollars was
voted. Much other work of public interest was also accomplished
during his administration. Since that time Mr. Van Patten has
served on various public commissions, and always to the satisfaction
of the people. He has for several years been Secretary of the Mary
Fletcher Hospital, and is also President of the Burlington Building
and Loan Association and of the Vermont Antiquarian Society.
In the business world his position has been equally prominent.
Since its organization he has been Secretary of the Wells & Richardson
Company, and in addition to this he is President of the Champlain
Manufacturing Company and of the Malted Cereals Company. He
is also Treasurer of the Vermont Condensed Milk Company, and a
Director in the Queen City Cotton Company and the National Milk
Sugar Company. The success of these various enterprises testify to
his ability as a business man.
In private life Mr. Van Patten has always maintained the highest
standard. He was married in 1874 to Miss Harriet P. Lemon, daughter
of A. R. Lemon, of Burlington, Vt. Four children have been born to
them, of whom three, Mary, Charles, and Elizabeth, are living.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 243
OWLAND, FRED ARTHUR, of Montpelier, Secretary of
State of Vermont, is the son of Moses N. and Sylvia A.
(Shipman) Howland, and was born in Franconia, N. H.,
on the 10th of November, 1864. He received his prepar-
atory education at the Lisbon (N. H. ) High School, at Montebello Sem-
inary in Newbury, Vt., and at Phillips Andover Academy in Massa-
chusetts, and then entered Dartmouth College, from which he was
graduated in the class of 1887. Immediately afterward he took up the
study of law at Waterbury, Vt., with Hon. W. P. Dillingham, and
was admitted to the bar of Vermont in October, 1890. In 1891 he
practiced his profession in Minneapolis, Minn., with Hon. A. H.
Young, and during the first six months of 1892 was in business with
Hon. Ossian Ray, of Lancaster, N. H. In July, 1892, he settled in
Montpelier, Vt., where he has since resided, being continuously a
member of the well known law firm of Dillingham, Huse & Howland.
Mr. Howland has always been a Republican. Early identifying
himself with politics, he Avas Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs
from 1888 to 1890, under Governor Dillingham, and in 1890 served as
second Assistant Clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives.
He was first Assistant Clerk of the House in 1892 and 1894, Clerk in
1896, and State's Attorney for Washington County in 1896-98. In Oc-
tober of the latter year he entered upon his present duties as Secretary
of State. He has been a member of the State Free Public Library
Commission since its formation in 1896, and is one of the bar ex-
aminers for the examination of candidates for admission to the Ver-
mont bar. While a student at Dartmouth College he was a member
of the Casque and Gauntlet Society and the Alpha Delta Phi fra-
ternity.
He was married in September, 1894, to Rena Forbush, of Lancaster,
N. H., who died in October following. In 1899 he married Margaret L.
Dewey, of Montpelier, Vt.
ROCK, JAMES WALTER, of Montpelier, Vt, was born in
Barnet, in that State, May 11, 1839, and is the son of
William S. and Mary S. (Wright) Brock. His father was
originally a Whig and Free Soiler, but became one of the
founders of the Republican party and Aroted for General John C.
Fremont for President in 1856. Mr. Brock was educated primarily in
the district school. He removed to Montpelier in October, 1857,
held a position as clerk in a store for four years, and when the War
of the Rebellion broke out went with the Second Vermont Infantry.
214 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
He afterward served two years in the Quartermaster's Department
under General P. P. Pitkin, Quartermaster of the Army of the Poto-
mac.
Mr. Brock returned to Montpelier in 1864 and became connected
with the Lane Manufacturing Company, as one of its officers and
managers, until 1882. At the organization of the Montpelier Savings
Bank and Trust Company, in 1871, he was elected Vice-President and
held that office until his election as President of the company in 1899,
a position he now holds. In 1876, when the Union Mutual Fire Insur-
ance Company was organized, he became the Vice-President and a
Director, offices he continually held until 1897, when he became the
President, a position he now holds.
He has filled all the town offices, and was a member of the Legis-
lature in 1884 and of the Vermont Senate in 1892. Since 1887
he has been a member of the Republican State Central Committee.
He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention of 1896 at
St. Louis which nominated William McKinley for President. His
long and active services to the Republican party have gained for him
an acknowledged leadership and a high reputation.
Mr. Brock married Sarah C. Wells, of Waterbury, Vt, November 22,
1866, and has two children : one son, William W. Brock, a successful
practitioner in his chosen profession, an osteopath, residing in Mont-
pelier, and a daughter, Helen, a student in the City High School.
YMAN, ELIAS, has been a life-long resident of Burlington,
Vt., where he was born October 22, 1849. He is the son of
Elias Lyman, Sr., who served two terms in the Vermont
Legislature about 1830, and who voted for the first Repub-
lican candidate for President, General John C. Fremont, in 1856. His
mother was Cornelia J. Hall. His ancestors on both sides have long
been prominent in the history of New England.
Mr. Lyman was graduated B.A. with honors from the University of
Vermont in 1870, and three years later (1873) received the degree
of M.A. from that institution. In 1870 and 1871 he was Clerk of the
Pension Committee in the United States Senate. Returning to Bur-
lington, he was Teller of the Merchants' Bank from 1871 to 1874, and
in the spring of 1875 engaged in the coal business, in which he has
since continued. He is now President of the Elias Lyman Coal Com-
pany, of Burlington, one of the largest shippers of coal in Northern
New England.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 245
From the time he attained his majority Mr. Lyman has been a
straight, ardent, and enthusiastic Republican, actively identified with
party affairs, and one of the acknowledged local leaders in party
councils. He was a member of the Burlington Board of Aldermen for
four years, serving two years as President of that body, and in 1894
was elected to the State Senate from Chittenden County. In each of
these capacities, as well as in all the relations of life, he displayed the
same energy, fidelity, and integrity of character which have marked
his entire business career, and which have won for him an honorable
reputation among the leading business men of his native State.
Mr. Lyman is President of the Burlington Traction Company, Presi-
dent of the Burlington Venetian Blind Company, President of the
Lakeside Shoe Company, a Trustee of the University of Vermont, and
a Director of the Champlain Transportation Company. He was mar-
ried in 1880 to Harriett E. Phelps, a sister of Hon. Edward J. Phelps,
who was Minister to England under President Cleveland. They have
two daughters and one son.
ROSS, LEWIS BARTLETT, was born August 9, 1839, in
Montpelier, Vt., where he still resides. He attended the
schools in Montpelier, spent one term each at Fort Edward
and Newbury Seminaries, and in 1858 went into the bakery
of his father to learn the trade, serving until 1861. When the first call
came for 300,000 troops by President Lincoln he was the second per-
son from Montpelier to respond. Colonel Randall received recruiting
papers from Governor Fairbanks to form a company and signed the
roll first himself, and before that day was over the company roll was
full. Sickness, however, prevented Mr. Cross from being mustered
in, and he did not go out with his company. Afterward he was ap-
pointed, by Colonel B. N. Hyde, Sutler of the Third Regiment, went
out with that organization, and remained one year, when he returned
home.
In January, 1863, he engaged in business with his father under the
firm name of C. H. Cross & Son, and for thirty-five years they remained
together. No firm in Vermont had a more honorable business record
than they. Their celebrated Montpelier cracker, and their fine con-
fectionery, have been household words for more than a third of a
century. At the end of thirty-five years Mr. C. H. Cross retired from
the firm, and L. Bartlett Cross is conducting it himself alone, being
sole proprietor of the whole establishment.
Mr. Cross has held a great many State, town, village, and city
246 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
offices. He represented his town in 1890 in the Legislature, and
served on Ways and Means and Bank Committees. He was a delegate
to the National Republican Convention at Chicago that nominated
Garfield in 1880, was a delegate to the National League Conventions
at Baltimore in 1889 and at Milwaukee in 1896, was Presidential
Elector-at-Large in 1896, and was the messenger who carried Ver-
mont's vote to Washington in January, 1897. He served for twenty-
four years on the Republican District Committee of the First District,
and after the re-districting of the State he served on the Second Dis-
trict Committee. He has attended every State convention of the Re-
publican party since 1864, being a delegate to nearly all of them.
Mr. Cross has a very extensive acquaintance all over the State and
in New England, and numbers among his friends some of the most
prominent men in that section. He is a Trustee and Vice-President
of the Montpelier Savings Bank and Trust Company, a Trustee of
Montpelier Seminary, a Trustee and Treasurer of the Heaton Hos-
pital, a Trustee of the Wood Art Gallery, and Commissioner of Green
Mount Cemetery. He is a Mason, belonging to Aurora Lodge, F. and
A. M., to King Solomon Chapter, R. A. M., to Mount Zion Command-
ery, Knights Templars, and to Mount Sinai Temple of Ancient Arabic
Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the
Vermont Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.
He married, December 25, 1862, Miss Lucia A. Chaplin, of Wells
River, Vt., and they have two children: Carrie, who lives at home,
and Charles H., who is a manufacturer of shoes in Boston and one
of the owners of the Regal Shoe Company, who do a very large busi-
ness, with their factory at Whitman and twenty-five stores in different
cities in the United States.
EBSTER, DAN PEASLEE, M.D., Postmaster of Brattleboro
since February 25, 1898, is the son of Rev. Alonzo Webster,
an abolitionist and a Whig, who voted for Fremont for
President in 1856. His mother's maiden name was Laura
Peaslee. Dr. Webster was born in Northfield, Vt., December 7, 1846,
and received his preliminary education in the common schools and
at Newbury Academy in his native State. He was graduated from the
Medical Department of the University of Vermont, with the degree
of M.D., in 1867, and afterward practiced his profession in Putney
for sixteen years. His success as a physician has been both marked
and uninterrupted. In 1883 he moved to Brattleboro, Vt., where he
has since resided, and where he has steadily followed a large and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 247
lucrative practice, displaying the same energy and skill which have
characterized his entire career.
Dr. Webster has always been a stanch Republican, deeply interested
in the progress of his party, and active and influential in all local
affairs. He was elected to the Vermont Legislature in 1872 and again
in 1874 to represent the Town of Putney, and to the State Senate in
1878 from Windham County. In the fall of 1878 he was made Kail-
road Commissioner and served two years. On February 25, 1898, he
assumed his duties as Postmaster at Brattleboro under appointment
of President McKinley, which office he still holds. He served as
Surgeon-General on Governor Ashael Peck's staff from 1874 to 1876
and on the staff of Governor Levi K. Fuller from 1892 to 1894, and
for many years was Surgeon of the Fuller Light Battery. He was
present at the battle of Gettysburg in the Civil War, having accom-
panied his father, who was Chaplain of the Sixteenth Vermont Volun-
teers, to the front. Dr. Webster was Chairman of the Board of Select-
men of Brattleboro for three years, from 1895 to 1898. He is an active
and prominent Mason, having served as Deputy Grand Master of the
Grand Lodge of Vermont from 1876 to 1881 and as Eminent Com-
mander of Beauseant Cornmandery, No. 7, Knights Templars, from
1892 to 1895. In April, 1896, he was presented with a magnificent
cross, set with diamonds, by Beauseant Commandery as a testimonial
of the appreciation and esteem of his brother Knights. He is also a
member of the Connecticut River and Vermont State Medical Asso-
ciations.
January 19, 1868, Dr. Webster married Ada, daughter of Charles H.
and Maria White, of Putney, Vt. She died in South Carolina on the
14th of March, 1887, leaving three children : Hattie A., Harry A., and
Dan C. He married, second, Mabel Julia, daughter of Hon. E. L. and
Jennie E. Waterman, of Brattleboro, Vt.
ARBER, ORION M., of Bennington, Vt., State Auditor of
Accounts, is the son of Emmons D. and Lucia C. Barber,
and was born in Jamaica, Vt., July 13, 1857. His parents
were farmers in very moderate circumstances, and unable
to give him the educational advantages which he coveted, yet in the
common schools and academies of his native State he laid the founda-
tion upon which he has built a successful career. During his early
life he acquired excellent habits of thrift and economy, as well as
a sound constitution. He took a course of lectures at the Albany
248 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
(N. Y.) Law School, was admitted to the bar in Beniiington County
in 1882, and since then has practiced his profession in Bennington
with marked success.
Mr. Barber has also been active in Republican politics. He was
State's Attorney of Bennington County from 1888 to 1890, member
of the Vermont House of Representatives from Arlington in 1892,
State Senator from Bennington County in 1894, Railroad Commis-
sioner from 1894 to 1896, a member of the commission to revise the
statutes in 1892-94, and Chairman of the commission to publish the
Vermont Statutes in 1894. In 1898 he was elected Auditor of Ac-
counts of the State, which office he still holds. He is a prominent
member of the various Masonic bodies, including Mount Sinai Temple,
Xobles of the Mystic Shrine, and in every capacity has displayed
sound judgment, great executive ability, and commendable enter-
prise. During his whole life he has devoted himself assiduously to
hard work, and has maintained the confidence and respect of all who
know him.
June 30, 1898, Mr. Barber was married at Bennington, Vt., to Alice
M., daughter of Luman P. Norton. They have two children, twins,
Mabel Norton and Lucia Pierce, born August 24. 1899.
ALENTINE, JOEL, was among the feAV men who lived in
Benniugtou, Vt., in the early days of the abolition party
who met always under the cover of darkness, in a little
house near a lime kiln about two miles out of the village,
to concoct means to speed the hunted slave on his way to Canada and
freedom. It was one of the " stations " of the great " underground rail-
road " system which was traveled by the poor slave in search for lib-
erty. The rendezvous was carried on with the utmost secrecy, and
when a fugitive arrived at the " station " he was fed, and after a re-
quired rest he was piloted to the next " station," from which he was
taken, and so on until he reached Canada. This devoted band of
abolitionists dared not share their secret with their families, as an
unguarded remark might have upset their carefully laid plans.
Mr. Valentine was a man of strong abolitionist principles, whose
entire political creed was based upon the doctrine of the extirpation
of human slavery as "a policy of absolute public, moral, and religious
necessity. He was thus one of the pioneers in the great radical cru-
sade whose practical outcome was the organization and triumph of the
Republican party. Although the original platform of the Republican
F
•3*
L
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 253
ity, discharging- his duties with the same conscientious endeavor and
promptness which have characterized his professional career. On one
occasion he was a candidate for the nomination for Congress in the
Republican convention of the Second Vermont District, receiving one
hundred and seventy votes ou t of a total of three hundred and ninety-
six. In 1892 he was elected President of the Vermont Bar Associa-
tion, having previously served upon the committee appointed by the
Supreme Court upon admissions to the bar. He was one of the or-
ganizers and the first Commander of E. H. Stoughton Post, No. 134,
Grand Army of the Republic, and was twice re-elected to the Com-
mandership. He is also a prominent member of Mount Lebanon
Lodge, F. and A. M., of Jamaica, which he served as Master for four
successive terms, and in 1878 was elected Grand Master of the Grand
Lodge of Masons of Vermont, which exalted position he held until
1881. He was the first Dictator of the Subordinate Lodge of Knights
of Honor and Grand Dictator of the Grand Lodge of that order.
Judge Read was married December 13, 1876, to Sarah A., daughter
of Jared A. and Sarah J. Perkins, of Bellows Falls, Vt. They have one
daughter, Mary Alice Read, born January 25, 1878.
OLTON, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, Superintendent
of the Barge Office in the Custom House Department of
New York and a veteran of the Civil War, was born ou the
23d of April, 1841, being the son of Dr. Joel Holton, who
was born May 14, 1803, and died in 1884. Dr. Holton was an ardent
abolitionist and Secretary of the first Abolitionist Society in Vermont.
He was a Whig until the Republican party was formed, became one
of the first Fremont men in Vermont, was elected to the State Legis-
lature repeatedly, and was a member of the State Constitutional
Convention.
Mr. Holton received his education at Lelaud and Gray Seminary
at Townshend and Chester Academy in Chester, Vt. At the age
of twenty, in 1861, he enlisted as a private and was elected Second
Lieutenant of his company before leaving Vermont. He went to New
Orleans in the Eighth Vermont Regiment, and in a skirmish at Race-
land, La., June 22, 1862, received seven wounds. The bullets from
two of the wounds remained in his lungs and are there to-day, while a
third remains in his left wrist. He was in the hospital at New Or-
leans from June 22 until August 28 before he was transferred to a
steamer to take him North. General Butler, in the meantime, was
254 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
importuning the authorities to send him on before that time. He was
brevettecl Major for " gallant and meritorious services in an engage-
ment with the enemy at Eaceland, La., June 22, 1862." He was Pro-
vost-Marshal at Point Lookout, Md., and remained in the service as
Acting Assistant Adjutant-General and in other staff positions until
January 1, 1868, when he was mustered out.
Major Holton is an ardent and enthusiastic Kepublican. He was
elected to the Vermont Legislature in 1878 and served as Chairman
of the Committee on Military Affairs. He has served his State and
city with as much zeal as he served his country, and has won for him-
self not only distinction and honor, but a warm place in the hearts
of his fellow-citizens. Major Holton was appointed to the Custom
House Department of New York January 4, 1879, and still occupies
the position of Superintendent of the Barge Office. He married Hat-
tie M. Bemis, of Windham, Vt, October 22, 1865. Their children are
Charles Warren Holton, of the firm of E. D. Washburne & Co., jew-
elers, Maiden Lane, New York; Grace Luene, wife of E. D. Wash-
burne; Ellen Frances, wife of Howard C. Kogers, Vice-President of
the Eddy Valve Company, of Waterford, N. Y.; and Herbert Miles
Holton, a graduate of Columbia College and a teacher in the public
schools of New York City.
JISBEE, EDWAED WYATT, a prominent citizen, lawyer, and
Postmaster of Barre, Vt., was born in Waitsfield, in that
State, on the 27th of February, 1856, being the son of Elijah
W. Bisbee and Lydia D. Brown. His father was originally
a Whig, and on the formation of the Kepublican party in 1856 voted
for General Fremont for President.
Mr. Bisbee was educated in the public schools and at Barre Acad-
emy, then under Jacob S. Spaulding, graduating in 1875. Subse-
quently he studied law in Montpelier and was admitted to the Wash-
ington County bar in September, 1879, and has successfully practiced
his profession in Barre since November of that year. In May, 1882,
he was admitted to practice in the Circuit Court of the Second Circuit
of the United States.
A successful lawyer, an enterprising and public spirited citizen,
and popular with all classes, Mr. Bisbee takes a deep interest in the
affairs of his city, and is a man of sound judgment and high integrity.
The rapid growth of Barre since he has been located there, and the
conditions which have marked the wonderful development of her fa-
mous granite quarries and the establishment of large plants for cut-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 255
ting and finishing granite, have been productive of discordant inter-
ests among the projectors, and Mr. Bisbee's counsel has been much
sought bythem. He is a zealous ^Republican. Although averse to being
elected to office, he has filled important positions and has been prom-
inent in developing the industries of the place in which he resides.
He was State's Attorney for Washington County from 1886 to 1890, is
President of the McKinley Club, has held several municipal offices,
and in January, 1899, was appointed Postmaster of Barre, which po-
sition he still holds. He was actively interested in having the higher
Masonic bodies installed in Barre, becoming the first Eminent Com-
mander of St. Aldemar Commandery, K. T., in 1896, and serving two
years. He is also a member of the Mystic Shrine, of the Vermont
Consistory, and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and in re-
ligion is a Universalist. He is one of the Trustees named in the will
of the late L. P. Aldrich, who bequeathed to the Trustees (to serve
during their lives) about fifty thousand dollars for the establishment
of a public library in Barre. He was also one of the incorporators
of the Barre Water Company in 1886 and of the Barre Savings Bank
and Trust Company in 1892.
Mr. Bisbee was married January 20, 1886, at Montpelier, Vt, to
Julia B. Snow, daughter of John and Maria (Wilson) Snow.
ATSON, ALFRED EDWIN, of Hartford, Vt., is the son of
Edwin Cheney Watson and Sophia Johnson, and a grand-
son of Oliver Watson, who was born at Old Brookfield,
Mass., October 8, 1785, and who moved to Montpelier, Vt.,
about 1 816, and soon afterward to Worcester, in the same State, being
one of the pioneers of the latter town. Oliver Watson's marriage to
Esther Brown, in 1817, was the first ceremony of that kind to take
place in Worcester. Mrs. Sophia (Johnson) Watson was the daugh-
ter of Seth and Anna (Chase) Johnson, of Cornish, N. H., and, like her
husband, descended from some of the oldest families in New England.
Alfred E. Watson was born in Worcester, Washington County, Vt.,
on the 6th of August, 1857. He received his early education in the
schools of Worcester, Calais, and Hartford in his native State, at
Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, N. H., and at St. Johnsbury
(Vt.) Academy, graduating from the latter institution in 1879. He
was graduated from the Classical Department of Dartmouth College
in 1883, with membership in the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and for two
years thereafter studied law with Hon. Samuel E. Pingree, of Ver-
256 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ruont. Pressing business duties, hoAvever, together with political ap-
pointments, led him at the end of that period to abandon his law
studies, before his admission to the bar.
Mr. Watson was early brought into contact with men of positive
convictions, character, and ability, and from them he learned valuable
lessons. While at Dartmouth College he was Managing Editor and
Business Manager of The Dartmouth, the principal publication of that
institution. Prom 1886 to 1890 he was a Director of the Vermont
Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of which he has been agent since
1885. Since the autumn of 1890 he has also been Treasurer of the
White Eiver Savings Bank, of White River Junction, Vt, and since
September, 1896, a Director of the Chicago, Kalamazoo and Saginaw
Railway Company. He was the Vermont representative of the New
England Associated Press from February, 1887, to April, 1897, and
is now a correspondent for some of the leading Boston and Vermont
papers. He conducts a large insurance agency, representing many of
the strongest companies in the country, and doing most of the fire
business in the town. He has also acted as adjuster in the settlement
of numerous fire losses, and has settled many estates.
In politics Mr. Watson has always been a Republican. He was
Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs under Governor Pingree from
1884 to 1886, Clerk of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of Ver-
mont from 1886 to 1894, and a member of the School Board of Hart-
ford from 1890 to 1892. Since 1896 he has been Town Moderator of
Hartford and since 1898 Chairman of the Board of Auditors. He has
been the Windsor County member of the Republican State Committee
since 1892 and Secretary since 1898, and is also a member of the Wind-
sor County Republican Committee, on which he served as Secretary
from 1892 to 1898, and has served as Chairman since 1898. He was
a member of the State House of Representatives in 1894-96, serving
as Chairman of the Committee on Library and as a member of the
Committee on Railroads, and was elected State Senator for the bien-
nial term of 1898-1900, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Rail-
roads and as a member of the Committees on Finance and Printing
and of the Joint Committee on Temperance. He is now (1900) one
of the State Railroad Commissioners, having been appointed to that
office by Governor Edward C. Smith in 1898. He has been active
and prominent in the Young Men's Republican Club of Vermont, of
which he was Vice-President in 1896-97, and in various other capaci-
ties has rendered important services to his town, party, and State.
Mr. Watson has resided in Hartford, Vt., since March 12, 1867. He
is a member of the Pi Chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity,
Dartmouth College; of Hartford Lodge, No. 19, F. and A. M., of which
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 257
lie is now (1900) the Worshipful Master; of Cascadnac Chapter,
No. 27, It. A. M., of White River Junction; of Vermont Conimandery,
No. 4, K. T., of Windsor; of Mount Sinai Temple, Nobles of the Mystic
Shrine, of Montpelier; of the Hartford Republican League Club; and
of the Vermont Fish and Game League.
Mr. Watson was married at Montpelier, Vt., July 3, 1883, to Mary
Maud Carr, granddaughter of John Anderson, the well known tobac-
conist. They have one daughter, Margery Anderson Watson.
YDER, HERBERT DANIEL, of Bellows Falls, Deputy Col-
lector of Internal Revenue for the District of Vermont and
New Hampshire, was born in Acworth, N. H., November 12,
1850. He is the son of Daniel A. Ryder and Elizabeth
Brigham, and a descendant on his mother's side of the Puritan,
Thomas Brigham, who settled in Marlboro, Mass., in 1635. His
maternal great-grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War,
a fact shown by the epitaph on his tombstone. His mother was also
descended from the Scotch-Irish family of Duncan, whose ancestors
participated in the historic siege of Londonderry in 1688, and on his
father's side there is likewise a strain of Scotch-Irish blood.
Mr. Ryder attended the public schools of his native town (Acworth),
spent two years in preparatory study in Oberlin, Ohio, and in New
London (N. H. ) Academy, and then entered Dartmouth College, from
which he was graduated in the class of 1876. From that year until
1879 he was Principal of the High School at Springfield, Vt. Subse-
quently he read law with Judge David Cross and Judge Henry E.
Burnham, of Manchester, N. H., and in the office of J. W. Pierce, of
Springfield, Vt., where he practiced for one year after his admission
to the bar, which occurred in 1880. In 1881 he settled permanently
in Bellows Falls, Vt., where he was for six years (1881-87) Principal
of the High School. In 1887 he engaged in active business in Bellows
Fulls, and so continued until July, 1890, when he resumed in that
town the practice of his profession, in which he has achieved success
and a high reputation.
Identifying himself with the Republican party upon attaining his
majority, Mr. Ryder has from the first been an active and influential
factor in its councils, and one of its prominent leaders in his section
of the Green Mountain State. He served as Superintendent of Schools
from 1889 to 1897, as County Examiner for Windham County from
1891 to 1900, as Chairman of the Board of Bailiffs of Bellows Falls
258 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
in 1891, 1892, 1893, and 1894, and as Chairman of the School Board of
Rockingham since 1889. He has also filled numerous other town
offices, and in December, 1897, was appointed Deputy Collector of
Internal Revenue for the District of Vermont and New Hampshire,
which position he still holds. He has always taken a deep interest
in educational and public affairs, and has discharged every duty with
marked ability, fidelity, and satisfaction. He is a member of the
Lodge, Chapter, and Council of Masons, and of the Independent Order
of Odd Fellows, and as a citizen and official is highly esteemed.
Mr. Ryder was married November 30, 1881, to Margaret E., daughter
of Hon. Franklin P. Ball, and their children are Jessie E., Margaret S.,
Helen AY., Charlotte D., Katherine F., and Daniel F.
LARK, OSMAN D., of Moutpelier, Secretary of the National
Life Insurance Company and Colonel of the First Vermont
Infantry during the Spanish-American AVar, was born in
Moutpelier, Vt., November 20, 1855. He received his early
education in the public schools of Montpelier and then entered Am-
herst College, from which he was graduated with honors in the class of
1876. Subsequently he studied law and was admitted to the Washing-
ton County bar in his native State in 1879, and at once began the ac-
tive practice of his profession. In January, 1885, he became connected
with the National Life Insurance Company as Assistant Secretary and
on April 4, 1899, was made Secretary, which position he still holds.
In politics Mr. Clark is a Republican. He was a member of the Re-
publican City Committee of Montpelier for seventeen years, being
Chairman for five years. He was one of the founders of the Young
Men's Republican Club of the State of Vermont, was Colonel of the
First Arermont Infantry during the war in Cuba, and was connected
with the Vermont National Guard for nineteen years, resigning in
1899. He is a public spirited, patriotic, and loyal citizen, and is held in
high esteem by the people of the entire community.
HORP, E. H., Postmaster of Middlebury, A^t., was born in
Charlotte, in that State, on the 10th of September, 1857,
his father being Henry Thorp, who was a Whig prior to the
formation of the Republican Party and subsequently a
most zealous Republican. His mother was Elizabeth (Palmer)
Thorp.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 259
Mr. Thorp was educated in the district schools of Charlotte and at
Beeman Academy in New Haven, Vt., and finally at the University
of Vermont at Burlington, graduating therefrom in the class of 1879.
In December of the same year he became night and local Editor of
the Rutland Herald, and served in that capacity until January, 1883,
when he removed to Middlebury. The Middlebury Iteyixtcr and Addi-
son Count;/ Journal had combined under the name of the Middlebury
Regixtrr and Addison ( 'oiintt/ Journal, and Mr. Thorp assumed the editor-
ship and became part proprietor of the paper. He continued in this
capacity until April, 1896, when he sold his interest in the paper, but
still acted as Editor until 1897. February 5, 1898, he was appointed
Postmaster of Middlebury by President McKinley, and is now filling
that position with characteristic ability and satisfaction.
In politics Mr. Thorp is a Republican. He is actively identified
with the best interests of the party in his locality, and has always had
the confidence and respect of all who know him. He was married
June 5, 1883, to Mary A. Brownell, of Williston, Vt.
ERBY, BUEL JOHN, Postmaster at Burlington, Vt., is the
son of John and Sarah (Buel) Derby, and was born in the
Town of Huntiugton, Chittenden County, Vt., March 8,
1839. He was educated in the common schools of his na-
tive town, and early in the War of the Rebellion enlisted as a private
in Coinpam- K, Twelfth Vermont Volunteers, a nine months' regiment,
and went to the front. At the expiration of the term of his enlistment
Mr. Derby, who had been promoted to the rank of Quartermaster-Ser-
geant, returned to his home and at once received the appointment of
Quartermaster of the Seventeenth Vermont Regiment, with which he
served until the close of the war.
In 18G7 he moved to Burlington, having received the appointment of
Assistant Postmaster from George H. Bigelow, he holding the posi-
tion under Mr. Bigelow and his successor, Hon. George G. Benedict,
until 1875, when he received from President Grant the appointment of
Postmaster at Burlington, which office he held until 1887. In 1888 he
was a member of the Vermont delegation to the Republican National
Convention at Chicago, and was one of the seven who voted solidly
from first to last for General Harrison, the successful candidate, for
the Presidential nomination.
In the spring of 1890 Mr. Derby went to Dennison, Texas, and was
made a Director in the Dennison Land and Improvement Company, to
260 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
assist in looking after a large New England interest. A year later he
became the company's manager, which position he held until October,
1893, when he resigned and with his family returned to Burlington,
Vt., and joined in the organization of the Burlington Grocery Com-
pany, a stock company of one hundred thousand dollars capital for
carrying on the wholesale grocery business, becoming its Secretary.
In April, 1899, Mr. Derby was again appointed Postmaster at Burling-
ton, which position he now holds.
On January 1, 186(5, he was married to Miss Arvilla C. Wheeler, of
Bristol, Vt., by whom he has one daughter, Georgiana.
Mr. Derby is a member of the Algonquin and Ethan Allen Clubs, the
two leading social organizations of Burlington. He is an uncompromis-
ing Republican, and has so been since he attained his majority. He
is a man of marked ability and integrity, to which is due his success
in life. Since he became Postmaster at Burlington that office has had
a phenomenal growth, rising from an almost obscure country post-
office to one of the highest rank in the country. In fact, no other post-
office in the United States will compare with it in the percentage of
profits to the amount of business done.
MITH, CHARLES PLIMPTON, State Senator from Burling-
ton, Vt., in 1898, and President of the Burlington Savings
Bank, was born in St. John's, Province of Quebec, Canada,
March 4, 1847. His father, Frederick Smith, was a Whig
and voted for Fremont in 1850. When a year old Charles P. Smith
came with his parents to Burlington, where he has ever since resided,
and where he was educated in the common and high schools. At the
age of eleven he went to work in a store, and when nineteen engaged
in business for himself in a store, which he still owns and controls,
dealing in flour and grain.
In politics Mr. Smith has been a stanch Republican since he attained
his majority. He has been active and influential in party affairs and
has rendered most efficient service to his county and State. In 1894
he was elected to the Legislature and was re-elected in 1896, acting
as Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee during both terms
and being also on the Committee on Banks. In 1898 he was elected
to the State Senate and served as Chairman of the Finance Commit-
tee and as a member of the Committee on State and Court Expenses.
In 1889 he was elected President of the Burlington Savings Bank
(incorporated in 1847), a position which he still occupies. He had
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 261
been a Trustee of the bank since 1884, and is also a Trustee of the
Home for Destitute Children and of the Old Ladies' Home and a
Director of the Mary Fletcher Hospital.
On the llth of June, 1879, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Anna
Pease, of Oswego, N. Y., and has one daughter and three sons living.
SOWN, JOSEPH GREEN, was born in Montpelier, Vt., on
the 21st of November, 18(56, and still resides in that city.
He is the son of Lieutenant-Colonel A. C. Brown and Lucia
(Green) Brown, and a descendant of several of the old
families of New England. He received his early education at the
Washington County Grammar School in Montpelier, and in 1883 en-
tered his father's insurance office as clerk. In 1889 he became a mem-
ber of the firm under the style of A. C. Brown & Son. In 1891 he pur-
chased his father's interest in the insurance business, and has since
conducted a successful and prosperous business in his native city.
In politics Mr. Brown is an ardent Republican, and since attaining
his majority he has been active and influential in party affairs. He
was a member of the Board of Aldermen of Montpelier in 1899 and
1900, having previously served as a Trustee under the village govern-
ment. On March 6, 1900, he was elected Mayor of the City of Mont-
pelier for the ensuing year. He was appointed Aide-de-Camp on the
Governor's staff with the rank of Colonel. Colonel Brown is a highly
respected citizen of Montpelier. He is energetic, enterprising, and
progressive in a marked degree, and is thoroughly appreciated by the
entire community.
Colonel Brown was married July 9, 1889, to Helen R., daughter of
Sabin C. and Lydia B. Woolson, who are among the oldest residents
of Montpelier, Vt. Two children have been born to them : Ruth
Lydia Brown, aged seven, and Chandler Woolson Brown, aged two
years.
TAFFORD, WENDELL PHILLIPS, of St. Johnsbury, was
born in Barre, Vt., May 1, 1861. The qualities he in-
herited were firm and fine grained like the granite of his
native hills. His ancestry was distinguished for intel-
lectual gifts and force of character. John Stevens Stafford, his
grandfather, was a Vice-President of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery
Society, and his home in Cummington was a resort for men like Garri-
262 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
sou, Pillsbury, and Wendell Phillips. When the boy of 1861 was born
there was a name ready for him, and it proved there was a nature to
fit it. An interesting bit of family story is told of the casting vote
of his father, J. F. Stafford, at Cummington, in 1850, resulting in the
election of Charles Shaw to the Legislature, whose vote on the fifty-
fourth ballot sent Charles Sumner to the United States Senate in 1851.
Wendell P. Stafford went to St. Johnsbury in his nineteenth year,
and was graduated with the class of 1880 from St. Johnsbury Acad-
emy. Three years later he took his degree LL.B. with high rank at
the Law Department of Boston University. He was elected Class
Orator, and his address elicited complimentary notice from Wendell
Phillips. Though denied the opportunity of a full collegiate course,
his passion for good letters and continuous application to liberal
studies have given him au education of unusual breadth and finish,
the practical value of which is more than doubled by a phenomenal
power of memory. He was admitted to the Vermont bar in 1882.
Sixteen years later he was President of the Vermont Bar Association.
His first legal practice was in partnership with Hon. Henry C. Ide,
lately Chief Justice of Samoa. Subsequently he opened an independ-
ent office and rose rapidly to front rank of ability and success in
his profession. He represented the Town of St. Johnsbury in the Leg-
islature of 1892, winning quick recognition for expertness on the floor
of that body. In November, 189(5, by unanimous recommendation of
the bench, he was appointed Reporter of the Supreme Court of Ver-
mont. One can not open the annual volumes of Supreme Court deci-
sions which he has issued without uoting therein the skill of a master
in discriminating analysis, terse statement, and literary finish.
Mr. Stafford is equally at home on the platform, whether among the
villages of his native State or in the cities of Brooklyn and Boston.
The apparent ease of the speaker disguises the skill and variety of
work wrought into the finished product. Hisaudienceisunderthespell
of a quiet and prepossessing presence, with an unusual combination
of modesty and force, of fluency and accuracy, of poise and passion,
of delicate humor and very practical common sense. His versatility
of expression is as varied as the many sorts of themes discussed;
whether he speaks on current topics of the day, or on history, litera-
ture, and reform, there is always left on the hearer's mind a flavor of
ripe thought and a stimulus to wholesome and serious living. He
justly deserves the universal esteem in which he is held as a man and
a citizen. The mark of sincerity on his countenance reveals the qual-
ity of the man that he is found to be. Conscientious by nature, he has
always been intolerant of shams and affectations, unwilling to serve
a client or a cause to which he could not give an honest hearted sup-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 263
port. He is by inheritance and instinct liberal in political sentiment,
yet stoutly loyal to the great principles of the party of Lincoln and
McKiuley. His church is the Episcopalian, his creed, religious and
political, is the New Testament. His personal bearing is strikingly
simple, fresh, and open; he has a quiet dignity that wins instant
respect, and a courtesy that never knows distinction of persons, except
for qualities of character.
Among the finest representatives of the best type of the young
Green Mountain boy of to-day is Wendell P. Stafford, of St. Johns-
bury.
EKBIFIELD, JOHN HASTINGS, of Newfaue, Vt., is the
son of John A. Merrifield and Louisa W. Williams. He
was born in Newfane, Vt., on the 12th of June, 1847, and
received his education in the common schools and at
Springfield Wesleyan Seminary. He spent his early life on his grand-
father's farm, which he conducted for a time, and began his business
career by purchasing a general store, which he carried on until 1881.
In 1SS2 Mr. Merririehl went to Dakota, and for four years was
connected with the Vermont Loan and Trust Company. At the end
of that period he returned to Williamsville, Vt., and in 1887 became
Acting Station Agent of the B. and W. Kailroad. He is now County
Clerk for Windham County, having an office at Brattleboro. In
politics he has always been a Republican, deeply interested in the
affairs of his party, and active in promoting the party's cause.
He lias served as Lister, Selectman, and Superintendent of Schools in
his native town of Newfane, and represented that town in the State
Legislature in 1878 and again in 1880. He was Engrossing Clerk of
the Legislature in 1874 and 1876, Second Assistant Clerk of the House
in 1882 and 1888, First Assistant Clerk in 1890, and Clerk in 1892 and
1894. In 1890 he was a member of the State Senate.
Mr. Merrifield was married on the 24th of February, 1886, to Ella K.
Stratton, daughter of Asa and Polly M. (Morse) Stratton, of New-
fane, Vt.
AFT, ELIHU BAKBER, a leading lawyer and Republican of
Burlington, was born in Williston, Vt., on the 25th of
March, 1847. He is the son of Eleazer Taft and Ellen Bar-
ber, and has always resided in the Green Mountain State.
A good home, the common schools, and Williston Academy afforded
the advantages upon which Mr. Taft founded his career. He entered
264 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the University of Vermont in 1867, was graduated therefrom with
honor in 1871^ and in 1875 received from his Alma Mater the degree
of A.M. In 1870 he registered his name as a law student in the office
of Wales & Taft, of Burlington, and pursued his legal studies with
them during his last year in the university. He was admitted to the
bar of Chittenden County in 1873, and at once took up his residence in
Burlington, where he was subsequently admitted to practice in the
Supreme Court in Burlington County. On motion of Hon. E. J. Phelps
he was admitted as attorney in the United States District and Circuit
Courts in February, 1875.
Mr. Taft was appointed United States Deputy Collector of Internal
Revenue for the Third District of Vermont in 1874, and served until
1881, when he resigned. He has been for more than twenty-five years
a successful lawyer in Burlington, and during his career at the bar
has maintained the confidence and respect of all who know him. He
is a man of the highest professional integrity and ability, possessed of
great force of character, aud prominent in all the affairs of the com-
munity. In politics he is an ardent and active Republican. He lias
served several years as School Commissioner of the City of Burlington
and four years as a member of the Burlington Board of Aldermen,
during three of which he was President of the board. In 1888 he Avas
honored with an election as State Senator from Chittendeu County,
and was made Chairman of the General Committee, one of the most
important in the State Senate.
He is a life member of the American Society for the Advancement
of Science, his life-long study of natural history and his large private
cabinet of birds, fossils, shells, and minerals entitling him to rank
among the foremost amateur naturalists. He has traveled exten-
sively, visiting both the Old and New World. He visited the Centen-
nial Exhibition at Philadelphia, the Great Lakes and copper mines of
Michigan, the western slope of the Rocky Mountains, the Yosemite
Valley, the Yellowstone National Park, the Pacific Coast from San
Francisco to Puget Sound, Canada, the South and Southwest to the
City of Mexico, the volcano of Popocatepetl, the petrified forests of
Arizona, the Grand Canon of Colorado, and the important cities and
countries of the Eastern Hemisphere, including England, Scotland,
Ireland, Holland, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Denmark, Paris, Rome,
Bombay, Calcutta, Cairo, Benares, Jerusalem, Smyrna, Athens, Con-
stantinople, Vienna, Cologne, etc. His tours have been marked by
close observation and unremitting study, and have enabled him to
gather a fund of information which forms one of his many interesting
attributes. He is a zealous Free Mason, becoming a member as soon
as he reached his majority of Ancient Craft Masonry in Webster
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 265
Lodge, No. 61, of Winooski. He was a charter member and is a Past
Master of Burlington Lodge, No. 100, F. and A. M., of Burlington;
is Past Grand Recorder and Past Grand Treasurer of the Grand Com-
niaudery of Knights Templars of Vermont; and is a member of the
Nobles of the Mystic Shrine and of all the bodies of the Ancient and
Accepted Scottish Rite 32°, in all of which he has been the presiding
oflicer. He was also crowned with the 33d and last degree by the
Supreme Council for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction at Buffalo,
N. Y., September 17, 1895.
Mr. Taft has always maintained the character of an honest, upright
man, an able lawyer, and a good citizen, and is universally respected
and esteemed. He was married April 1, 1875, to Lucia A., daughter of
Anson S. and Agnes (Stuart) Johnson. Mrs. Taft died December 15,
1875.
AKER, JOEL CLAKKE, of Rutland, one of the leading Re-
publicans of Vermont, was born in Dauby, in that State,
April 1C, 1838. He is the sou of Edia and Selencia A.
(Davenport) Baker, and from a sturdy Scotch ancestry
inherited all the distinctive characteristics of his race. His father
was originally an old line Whig, but became one of the first members
of the Republican party in Vermont, and was a stanch adherent
of the party and its principles until his death.
Mr. Baker was educated in the public schools of Dauby and Wal-
lingford and at Poultney Academy. lu 1858 he commenced the study
of Latin and Greek under Philip H. Emerson, which he pursued for
two years. In 1859 he began his legal studies in Danby, under Spencer
Green, and afterward continued them in the office of David E. Nichol-
son, of Wallingford, Vt., where he remained until his admission to the
bar of Rutland County in 1802. In that year he enlisted as a private
in Company B, Ninth Hegiment Vermont Volunteers, and was mus-
tered into service as Sergeant, but before his discharge he was pro-
moted successively to the grades of First Sergeant, Second and First
Lieutenant, and Captain. At the surrender of Harper's Ferry he was
sent as a paroled prisoner to Camp Douglas, at Chicago, where he
remained until he was exchanged, January 9, 1863. Subsequently he
served as guard over five thousand rebel prisoners. He returned to
the front, participated in many battles and skirmishes, and was with
the Army of the James in the engagements of Chapin's Farm and
Fair Oaks and in the capture of Richmond. He was among the first
to enter that city, and pulled down with his own hands the rebel flag
266
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
which he found flying over the residence of Jefferson Davis, and which
he carried away with him. While he was in North Carolina, Congress
organized provost courts, in which he practiced considerably.
Returning from the war, Mr. Baker engaged in the practice of law
in Walliugford, Vt., until 1868, when he removed to Rutland, Avhere
he still resides. He has achieved a high reputation as a lawyer in civil
and criminal practice, having conducted a number of cases of notable
JOEL C. BAKER.
importance in both Rutland ami Beunington Counties, in the Fourth
Judicial District Court of New York, and before the United States
Circuit and Supreme Courts. He has been a Director in the Clement
National Bank, the Howe Scale Company, and the P. E. Chase Manu-
facturing Company, and was Editor of the Rutland Herald from 1869
to 1873.
Mr. Baker cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and has
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 267
always been a steadfast Republican, active in party affairs, and loyal
to the interests of his party, town, and State. He has served as Super-
intendent of Schools and Grand Juror for the Towns of Rutland and
Walliugford, as Register of Probate, and as Deputy County Clerk.
In 1886 he was elected to the State Senate, serving on the Committees
on Railways, Insane, and Judiciary. He was County Auditor for two
years, and has also served as City Attorney of Rutland. He is a
member of the Rutland Board of Education and Referee of Bank-
ruptcy, and was President of the Vermont Bar Association in 1894
and 1895. He is a past officer of Chipman Lodge, No. 52, F. and A. M.,
a member of Center Lodge, Xo. 34, F. and A. M., and a member of the
Rutland Royal Arcanum and the Benevolent Order of Elks. He is
also actively interested in the Young Men's Christian Association of
Rutland, is a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion,
and is a comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic.
Mr. Baker was married October 8, 186P>, to Ada O., daughter of
Luther P. Howe and Mary A. (Rounds) Howe, of Mount Tabor, Vt.
They have one daughter, Mabel Baker.
CULLOUGH, JOHN GRIFFITH, of North Benniugton, Vt.,
is a native of Newark, Del., and a son of Alexander Mc-
Cullough and Rebecca Griffith. His father was of Scotch
and his mother of Welsh descent. Orphaned by the death
of both father and mother before he was eight years old, he early
showed a determination to tit himself for an active and useful life,
and improved such advantages as were afforded by the local schools.
He was graduated from Delaware College with the highest honors
of his class before reaching his twentieth year, and then began the
study of law in the office of St. George Tucker Campbell, of Philadel-
phia. He also attended the Law School of the University of Penn-
sylvania, from which he received the degree of LL.B. in 1859. He
was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in the same year, and had
barely begun practice in Philadelphia when his health compelled him
to seek a change of climate. Sailing for California, he was admitted
to the bar in Sacramento in 1800, and removed in the same year to
Mariposa, at the foot of the Sierra Nevadas, where he opened a law
office and soon secured a good clientage.
Mr. McCullough took the stump for the cause of the Union, was
elected to the California Legislature by the Republicans and Douglas
Democrats, and in the following year received an election to the
268 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
State Senate, in which he became a recognized leader. In 18(53 he
was nominated and elected Attorney-General of the State by the
Republicans, and held that office for four years, during which time he
conducted important litigation. He removed to San Francisco in
1867 and established a law firm which at once commenced a large and
remunerative practice.
In 1873 Mr. McCullough returned East, settling in Beunington, Vt.,
the home of his father-in-law, the late Trenor W. Park. Here he was
soon actively engaged in commercial, banking, and railroad affairs,
and in the latter connection has held and still holds positions of high
honor and responsibility. He was for eight years Vice-President and
Manager of the Panama Kailroad Company, of which Trenor W. Park
was President, and during that period the stock of the corporation
increased from below par to three hundred cents on a dollar. After
Mr. Park's death, in 1882, Mr. McCullough became President of the
company, and held the position until 1888, when he resigned. He was
elected a Director of the Eric Kailroad in 1884 and became Chairman
of the Executive Committee of that great corporation in 1888. A re-
organization of the company becoming imperative, he was appointed,
in 1893, as one of the receivers, under whom the re-organization was
conducted with almost unexampled success and celerity. In less than
three years the property was turned over to the new company in a
greatly improved condition and without a floating debt, while the re-
organization committee handed to the company more than eight mil-
lions of dollars in cash and securities. Mr. McCullough was elected
President of the Chicago and Erie Kailroad Company in 1890 and
still holds that position. He is also President of the Bennington and
Rutland Kailroad Company, President of the North Benuiugton
National Bank, and a Director in the New York Security and Trust
Company, in the Fidelity and Casualty Insurance Company of New
York, and other important corporations.
Politically he has always been an earnest and consistent Repub-
lican. He is a fine speaker, and his voice has often been heard in
support of the party's principles without expectation or acceptance
of reward. In 1880 he was a delegate from Vermont to the Repub-
lican National Convention which nominated James A. Garfield for
President, and in 1888 he was a delegate to the convention which
nominated Benjamin Harrison. His wide acquaintance, his sound
judgment, and his great popularity made him an influential member
of both of those conventions, while his courtesy, humor, intelligence,
and genial good nature stamp him as a favorite with all who know
him. In every political campaign since 1860 his voice has been
heard in earnest and effective advocacy of the principles of the Repub-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 269
lican party. He has long been an active member of the Bennington
Battle Monument Association.
In 1871 he married Eliza Hall Park, daughter of the late Trenor W.
Park, and granddaughter of Hilarid Hall, Governor, member of Con-
gress, and historian of Vermont. They have four children : Hall
Park, Elizabeth Laura, Ella Sarah, and Esther Morgan.
HOMPSON, JESSE EUGENE, M.D., of Rutland, Vt, is the
son of Jesse Thompson and Mary S. Wheelock, and a de-
scendant of Scotch-English ancestors who came to this
country from England early in the Colonial period. He was
born in Jericho, Chittenden County, Vt., November 22, 1853, and re-
ceived his education in the public schools and at Lamoille Academy
in Morrisville. Deciding upon medicine and surgery, he pursued a
regular course of study at the Medical Department of the University
of New York, graduating therefrom with the degree of M.D. in 1878.
Immediately afterward he commenced the active practice of his pro-
fession as an associate of Dr. S. L. Wiswell, of Cabot, Vt., with whom
he continued three years.
In 1883 Dr. Thompson settled permanently in the City of Rutland,
where he has since practiced with marked success. Soon after taking
up his residence there he came into prominence as a physician and
surgeon, gained a wide and popular practice, and became one of the
Advisory Board of the Rutland City Hospital. He is one of the leading
physicians and surgeons as well as a prominent and distinguished
citizen of that section of the Green Mountain State and enjoys an ex-
tended popularity.
Politically Dr. Thompson has always been a Republican. He was
made Superintendent of Schools of Cabot in 1880, served two terms as
Health Officer of the City of Rutland, and represented Rutland in the
General Assembly of Vermont in 1896-97. In 1898-99 he represented
Rutland County in the State Senate, having received the unanimous
Republican nomination and an election by a large majority. That he
held a good position with his associates in the Legislature, and per-
formed excellent service for his constituents, his city, and his State, is
evident from his frequent selection for prominent positions of trust
and honor. He has served in every capacity with marked ability, en-
ergy, and fidelity, and enjoys a high reputation throughout his native
State.
Dr. Thompson has taken an active and leading part in a number of
270 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
fraternal associations with which he has been connected, and has had
high positions in the Masonic Order, holding membership in Rutland
Lodge, No. 79, F. and A. M., in Davenport Chapter, No. 17, R. A. M.,
in Davenport Council, R. and S. M., in Killing-ton Commandery, K. T.,
in Delta Lodge of Perfection, in the Vermont Consistory, and in Mount
Sinai Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also Sovereign
Grand Inspector-General of the Supreme Council of the 33°, Royal
Order of Scotland, and a Knight of the Red Cross of Constantine. He
served three terms as Eminent Commander of Killington Coinmand-
ery, K. T., of Rutland, and has also been Grand Commander of Knight
Templars and Appendant Orders of Vermont for two terms. He was
Potentate of Mount Sinai Temple for two annual terms and Lieu-
tenant Commander of the Vermont Council of Deliberation, Ancient
and Accepted Scottish Rite. He has been Grand Dictator of the
Knights of Honor, was State Medical Examiner of that order for five
years, and served as Grand Representative to the Supreme Lodge of
the Knights of Honor for three years, the latter being the highest
tribunal of that fraternity. He is a member and Past Chancellor
Commander of the Knights of Pythias and a companion of the Benevo-
lent Order of Elks.
Dr. Thompson's life has been a busy one. His achievements in pro-
fessional, fraternal, and public affairs, his prominence and reputation
as a citizen, and the confidence in which he is held by all who know
him stamp him as a man of eminence and popularity. He is an ac-
knowledged leader in the ranks of the Republican party, in which he
has long held a foremost place. In fraternal circles he is especially
distinguished and prominent. He was married on the 17th of May,
1879, to Flora S. Rich, by whom he has one daughter, Rena May
Thompson.
ATCHELDER, JAMES KENDRICK, senior member of the
well known law firm of Batchelder & Bates, of Benning-
ton, Vt., is the son of Ira K. and Nancy (Barnard) Batch-
elder, and a descendant of ancestors who came from Eng-
land in 1633 and settled in Salem, Mass. After the Revolutionary
War his branch of the family moved to New Hampshire, where his
father, Ira K., was born. Mr. Batchelder was born in Peru, Benning-
ton County, Vt., on the 10th of November, 1843. He received his early
education in the public schools and at Burr & Burton Seminary in
Manchester, Vt., from which he was graduated in 1860. The same
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 271
year he entered Middlebiiry College, and was graduated from that in-
stitution in the class of 18(54.
Mr. Batchelder studied law with Judge Tyler, of Brattleboro, Vt,
and at the Albany (.N. V. ) Law School. He was admitted to the bar
of his native State in I860, and the same year began the active practice
of his profession at Arlington, Vt., where he has since resided. During
the past sixteen years he has had an office in Beunington, having
formed a partnership with Edward L. Bates, the nrm name being
Batchelder & Bates. This firm is well known, and has established a
large and lucrative business in the State courts.
A zealous Republican in politics, Mr. Batchelder has been fre-
quently honored by his party with official positions, the duties of
which he has discharged with marked ability and satisfaction. He
has held many of the important town offices, was State's Attorney
for Bennington County for eight years, and represented his town in
the State Legislature in 1874-76 and again in 1884, being Speaker of
the House during his last term in that body. He was a Presidential
Elector in 1880 and cast his vote for James A. Garfleld for President,
and was appointed by Governor Fuller one of the Commissioners of
Vermont to establish the boundary line between that State and Mas-
sachusetts. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a public
spirited and progressive citizen, an able lawyer and advocate, and a
man highly respected and esteemed.
Mr. Batchelder was married in 18(57 to Alta Parsons. They have
one daughter, Julia Pauline Batchelder, born in 1876.
E BOER, JOSEPH AREND, of Montpelier, Vt., was born in
Warffum, Provincie Groningen, Holland, on the 17th of
June, 1861, his parents being Jan Arend De Boer and
Anje Peters Kuiper. The family is of pure DUTCH descent.
When Mr. De Boer was four years old his father died, and in 1867
he was brought by his mother to the United States and for several
years lived in Albany, N. Y. He was educated there in Grammar
School No. 14, which he attended from 1869 to 1876, and afterward
in the Albany High School, where he studied from 187(5 to 1880. He
was graduated from each institution with especial credit for good
scholarship. In 1880 he entered Dartmouth College, from which he
was graduated with honor, receiving the degree of A.B. in 1884 and
the degree of Master of Arts in 1887. During the year following his
graduation he taught Greek and Latin in the Holderness School for
272 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Boys at Holderness, N. H., where his superior gifts and qualifications
as a teacher were immediately recognized. In 1885 he became Prin
cipal of the Montpelier Union and Washington County Grammar
Schools, which position he held until 1889, making an enviable
reputation as an educator.
On the 1st of August, 1889, Mr. De Boer accepted the responsible
position of Actuary of the National Life Insurance Company, with
which he has ever since continued, becoming its Secretary in 1897 and
its Second Vice-President in 1900. He is also a Director of the
National Life Insurance Company, a Trustee of the Washington
County Grammar School, Secretary of the Vermont Historical Society,
and a Trustee of the Montpelier Gallery of Fine Arts. In politics he is
an active and ardent Republican. He has been a delegate to several
Republican State Conventions, was President of the Young Men's
Reoublican Club of Montpelier during the Presidential campaign in
1896, has served as a member of the Montpelier Board of Education,
and is a member of the Montpelier Board of Trade and Chairman of its
Finance Committee. He is a member of the Actuarial Society of
America, of Aurora Lodge, F. and A. M., of Montpelier, of the Apollo
Club of that city, and of the Tria Kappa Society of Dartmouth College.
He has published a sketch of Montpelier and a Ilixttiri/ of Insurance in
^'('^•^llollt, in the "New England States Series," and also various ad-
dresses and miscellaneous papers.
Mr. De Boer was married December 22, 1885, to Miss Augusta
Charles Featherly, of Albany, N. Y. Their children are Ethel Arend,
born October 19, 1886; Minnie Arend, born January 25, 1888; Bertha
Arend, born June 30, 1892; and Paul Kuiper, born July 14, 1897.
RENCH, JAMES EDWARD, of Moultonboro, one of the fore-
most Republicans in New Hampshire, is the son of James
and Eveline (Moulton) French, and a descendant on his
mother's side from one of Moultonboro's earliest families,
the place being named for them. His father was a merchant and a
member of the old French family of New Market, N. H.
James Edward French was born in Tuftonford, N. H., February 27,
1845, but has lived in Moultonboro since a youth, becoming one of the
prominent business men of the town and a leader in public affairs. He
was educated in the common schools and at Tilton (N. H. ) Seminary,
and was successfully engaged as a general merchant in Moultonboro
until 1884, when he retired. He is a Director of the Wolfboro Loan
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 273
and Banking Company and other corporations, a member of St. Paul
Commandery, K. T., of Dover, and a member of the Derryfield Club of
Manchester, N. H.
In politics Mr. French has been an active Republican since he be-
came a voter. He served for a time as Town Clerk, represented his
town in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1878 and 1879, was a mem-
ber of the State Senate in 1887, was again a member of the House in
1897, 1898, and 1899, and is now (1899) serving his second term as
Chairman of the Kailroad Committee. He was also Collector of In-
ternal Kevenue for the District of Maine, New Hampshire, and Ver-
mont from 1889 to 1893, United States Deputy Collector of New Hamp-
shire from 1882 to 1885, a member of the State Railroad Commission
from 1878 to 1883, a member of the Republican State Central Com-
mittee for twenty-five years, and Town Treasurer for twenty years, and
has held numerous other offices and positions of responsibility, filling
each one with great credit and satisfaction. He is one of the foremost
Republicans of New Hampshire and a veteran leader of his party.
In 1867 Mr. French was married to Miss Martha E. Hill, of Somers-
worth, N. H. They have no children.
RACKETT, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Arlington, Gov-
ernor of Massachusetts in 1890, is the son of Ambrose S. and
Nancy Brackett, and was born in Bradford, N. H., June 8,
1842. His father was a shoemaker and farmer. His first
American ancestor of whom there is any record was Captain Richard
Brackett, who came from Scotland to Boston in 1629 and subsequently
moved to that part of Braintree that is now Quincy, Mass.
Governor Brackett was educated in the Bradford common schools,
at Colby Academy in New London, N. H., and at Harvard University,
from which he was graduated in 1865. In 1868 he received the degree
of LL.B. from the Harvard Law School, and in Febmary of the same
year he was admitted to the Suffolk County bar. Since then he has
successfully practiced his profession in Boston, becoming one of the
foremost lawyers in that city.
A Republican from boyhood, Mr. Brackett early took an active part
in politics and has filled a number of important offices with great
ability and satisfaction. He was a member of the Boston Common
Council from 1873 to 1876 inclusive, serving as President of that body
during the latter year, and a member of the Massachusetts House of
Representatives from 1877 to 1881 and 1884 to 1886 both inclusive,
being Speaker of the House the last two years. He was Lieutenant-
274 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Governor of Massachusetts in 1887, 1888, and 1889, Governor of the
Commonwealth in 1890, and a delegate-at-large to the Republican Na-
tional Convention at Minneapolis in 1892 and a member for Massachu-
setts of the Committee on Resolutions in that convention. He was
First Elect or-at-Large of Massachusetts in the presidential election of
1896 and Chairman of the Massachusetts electors at their meeting in
January, 1897. He is a member and has served as President of the
Middlesex Club, and is also a member of the Massachusetts Club, the
Boston Art Club, the Arlington Boat Club, and the Mercantile Library
Association of Boston. Governor Brackett has achieved distinction
as a lawyer and statesman, and in every capacity has displayed the
loftiest attributes of a typical New Englander.
He was married June 20, 1878, to Miss Angle M. Peck, of Arlington,
Mass., where they reside. They have a son and a daughter: John
Gaylord Brackett and Beatrice Brackett.
REENE, JEREMIAH EVARTS, Postmaster of Worcester,
Mass., since '1891, was born November 27, 1834, in Boston,
and is the son of Rev. David Greene and Mary Evarts. His
father was a distinguished Congregational minister, and for
many years Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for
Foreign Missions. William Greene, the immigrant ancestor of the
family, came to Massachusetts from England, probably from Oxford-
shire, where his ancestors had lived for one hundred and fifty years or
more. He arrived here in the early .part of the eighteenth century,
married, and returned to England, where he died soon afterward. His
widow returned to Massachusetts, her son William being born on the
voyage. William's son, Thomas Greene, was the grandfather of the
subject of this article.
Jeremiah E. Greene was educated in the Roxbury Latin School and
at Yale College, and for about three years was engaged in teaching in
Connecticut and Iowa and for two years in civil engineering and sur-
veying public lands in Kansas. Having studied law, he was admitted
to the bar in Boston in 1859 and practiced in North Brookfield, Mass.,
until the outbreak of the war of the Rebellion, when he was commis-
sioned First Lieutenant in the Fifteenth Massachusetts Volunteers,
becoming Captain by promotion. He was captured October 21, 1861,
at Ball's Bluff, and confined a prisoner at Richmond for four months,
when he was released on parole. Failing to procure an exchange, he
resigned his commission as Captain in October, 1862, and resumed his
law practice in North Brookfield, whence he removed to Worcester,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
275
Mass., in 1868, to accept the editorship of the Daily Spy. In April,
1891, he was appointed Postmaster of Worcester, which position he
still holds, having been re-appointed in 1895.
With the exception of this office, Mr. Greene has accepted no polit-
ical honors, although frequently urged to do so. As a staunch sup-
porter of Eepublicanism, however, he has rendered valuable service to
his party, and is recognized as one of its ablest local leaders. He was
married April 14, 1864, to Mary Anna Bassett, of New Haven, Conn.,
who died January 14, 1897, leaving no children.
DGERLY, FRANK OILMAN, one of the most popular citizens
of Merrimack County, N. H., and High Sheriff since 1895,
was born in Meredith, in that State, February 19, 1853. He
descends from an old and respected English family, his
immigrant ancestor, Thomas Edgerly, coming to what is now Durham,
N. H., from England, in 1664. His parents, William M. and Lydia
(Fogg) Edgerly, were well-
known and honored residents of
Belknap County, where the son
received the advantages of the
public schools.
When sixteen years old Mr.
Edgerly went to Concord and
learned the printer's trade in
the office of the Independent
Democrat, subsequently the In-
dc/toident Statesman, the princi-
pal owner and editor of which
was his uncle, Hon. George G.
Fogg, one of the leading anti-
slavery men of New Hampshire
and one of the founders of
the Republican party . in the
State. A sketch of Mr. Fogg
appears on another page of this
volume. For fourteen years Mr.
Edgerly continued his connec-
tion with these papers, receiv-
FRANK G. EDGERLY.
ing in that period a broad and
practical education which no other profession affords. In 1883 he en-
gaged in the job printing business for himself, in Concord, and so con-
276 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tinued until 1889, establishing an extended reputation for excellent and
artistic work. Afterward he was engaged in the real estate brokerage
business with marked success.
In 1893 Mr. Edgerly was appointed Deputy Sheriff for Merrimack
County. On April 1, 1895, he became High Sheriff, to which office he
has been successively re-elected in 1896 and 1898, receiving in 1896 the
largest plurality ever given to any candidate for the office in the county.
He is also jailer, and has established in both offices an enviable record
for efficient and faithful service. In 1889 and 1890 he was a member of
the State Legislature, and served on several important committees.
Mr. Edgerly is a thirty-second degree Mason, holding membership in
Blazing Star Lodge, No. 11, of which he was Worshipful Master two
years; in Trinity Chapter, which he has served as High Priest two years;
in Horace Chase Council, officiating as Thrice Illustrious Master for two
years; in Mt. Horeb Commandery, Knights Templar; and in Aleppo
Temple, Order of the Mystic Shrine, of Boston. Of the benevo-
lent organizations he is a member of White Mountain Lodge, No.
5, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; of Concord Lodge, No. 8,
Knights of Pythias, being a Past Chancellor, and a life member of the
Grand Lodge of Knights of Pythias of New Hampshire; and of Man-
chester (N. H.) Lodge, No. 146, Order of Elks. Of the higher degrees
of Freemasonry, he is a life member of the Order of High Priesthood of
New Hampshire, of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of
New Hampshire, and of the Grand Eoyal Arch Chapter of the State.
He is a member of the Derryfield Club of Manchester, of the Wonolancet
Club of Concord, of the New Hampshire Press Association, and of the
New Hampshire Historical Society. In. politics he is a Republican, and
for a number of years has been prominent in the councils of that party.
He is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and has been a vestry-
man of the church for several years.
Mr. Edgerly was married April 1, 1893, to Anna M. Swasey, of Lis-
bon, N. H. They have one child, Lydia Edgerly.
YMAN, GEORGE HINCKLEY, was appointed by President
McKinley, March 12, 1898, Collector of the Port of Boston
and Charlestown. This appointment — the most important
of the Federal offices in New England — not only gave
universal satisfaction to his party associates, but was received with
favor by all classes who knew him to be an able attorney and an
honorable and public-spirited citizen. Mr. Lyman has always taken
an interest in political affairs, and for the past ten years has been one
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 277
of the active leaders and workers for the Republican party. At differ-
ent times he served as treasurer of his ward committee. In 1892 he
was treasurer of the Republican City Committee of Boston, and dur-
ing the years 1893 and 1894 was chairman of the Finance Committee
of the Massachusetts Republican State Committee. In 1895 he was
elected chairman of the State Committee, and was re-elected the follow-
ing year. During the campaign of 1896 he devoted special attention to
the duties of his office, and his administration of affairs was highly ap-
preciated. In 1896 he was unanimously elected at the St. Louis Conven-
tion the Massachusetts member of the Republican National Committee.
He withdrew from the State Committee at the close of the campaign
and devoted his attention to his law practice, until he assumed his pres-
ent office.
George H. Lyruan Avas born December 13, 3850, in Boston, Mass.,
the son of Dr. George H. and Maria (Austin) Lyman. Through dif-
ferent branches of the family he is a lineal descendant of three colonial
Governors — Thomas Hinckley, of the Plymouth Colony, and Thomas
Dudley and Simon Bradstreet, under the first Charter of Massachu-
setts. The Lyman family in America descended from Richard Lyman,
who came to this country in November, 1631. He located first in
Charlestown, and later, with other pioneers, went down the Connecti-
cut River and settled the towns of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethers-
field. Jonathan H., seventh in descent from Richard, had a son, Dr.
George H., father of our subject. He was a physician of repute, who
located in Boston in 1845. He served throughout the Civil War, being
appointed by President Lincoln as Brigade Surgeon of Volunteers.
In 1863 he was made Medical Inspector of the regular army with
rank of lieutenant-colonel, and later was offered the surgeon-general-
ship of the United States Army, which he refused. His wife was
Marie Cornelia Ritchie Austin, daughter of Hon. James T. Austin.
She was a granddaughter of Hon. Elbridge Gerry, at one time Vice-
President of the United States and Governor of Massachusetts.
Mr. Lyman attended the Boston Latin School three years, and Saint
Paul's School, at Concord, N. H., four and a half years. He was grad-
uated A.B. from Harvard College in 1873 and LL.B. from the Har-
vard Law School in 1877. During the next two years he made an
extended trip throughout the Continent. Returning to his native city,
he commenced the practice of his profession, in which he has high
standing. He is a member of many of the social societies and clubs
of Boston, among them the Somerset, Century, and Saint Botolph
Clubs, the Loyal Legion, and the Sons of the American Revolution.
He married Caroline, daughter of William Amory, of Boston, and
has three children — Ellen B., Molly, and George H., Jr.
278 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
HITE, ALDEN PERLEY, was born in Danvers, Mass., Oc-
tober 20, 1856, and is the son of Anios Alden and Harriet
A. (Perley) White. His ancestors on both sides were among
the earliest settlers of New England.
Mr. White was educated in the public schools of Danvers and Salem,
and was graduated from Amherst College in 1878. He studied law in
the office of Perry & Endicott at Salem and at the Harvard Law
School. He was Associate Justice of the First District Court of Essex
in 1889-90, Assistant District Attorney in 1890-95, and District At-
torney of the Eastern District of Massachusetts in 1895-98. He is a
member of the Essex Institute and of numerous historical, literary,
and social organizations, and one of the ablest members of the younger
bar of Essex County. He has always practiced his profession in Salem,
Mass.
ORRIS, HOWES, a prominent manufacturer and business
man and one of the leading Republicans of Massachusetts,
was born in Vineyard Haven, Martha's Vineyard, Novem-
ber 2, 1841. His parents were Captain Howes and Elwina
Manville (Smith) Norris. The Norris family came from Bristol, Eng-
land, in the early days of the Republic, and upon his mother's side Mr.
Norris traces his ancestry back to the " Mayflower," her progenitors
being among many of the noted families of New England. Howes Nor-
ris, Sr., was a ship captain, and while at sea, in command of the
" Sharon " of Fairhaven, was murdered by savages from the King Mills
group of islands, in 1842. His mother also met a violent death by being
killed by lightning in 1851, and a brother, Alonzo, was lost while on the
" Austria," which was burned at sea in 1858.
Thus made an orphan while yet a mere youth, Howes Norris was
reared and educated by an uncle, Shaw Norris, a good business man of
the section known as Cottage City. He received good educational ad-
vantages in the public schools and for three years was a pupil in a
private boarding school at Middleborough. He also took a course at
Comer's Commercial College in Boston, and upon the breaking out of
the Rebellion made strenuous efforts to join the army or navy, but was
rejected. He then went to Springfield, where a relative was engaged
in the manufacture of small arms, and entered his employ as a clerk.
Applying himself diligently to the business, he soon was advanced
and became the practical manager of the concern, which had grown
until its output amounted to millions of dollars.
Mr. Norris soon became widely known in this line of trade, and as
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
279
an arms expert in court cases involving the cost and production of
small firearms. So well and favorably known had he become through-
out New England that in 1807, Avhen only twenty-six years old, he was
offered the position of Manager or Treasurer of the celebrated Keming-
ton Arms Company, of Ilion, N. Y., which he declined, as he also did
a European connection with his old firm. With others of Springfield
he organized a company to manufacture knitting machines, which was
successfully conducted by him, as Treasurer, until 1868, when he with-
drew and returned to Martha's Vineyard, where he owned a ship sup-
ply house, which business had been established by his uncle. This
business he conducted until 1881, when it was one of the best known
280 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
houses on the coast, and its trade and fame extended among all the
Atlantic ports and those in the British Provinces.
Mr. Norris has been engaged in active political work all his life,
commencing when a youth. While at Springfield he was secretary
of all caucuses, conventions, and public political meetings held by the
Republican party. In 1864 he served as manager of the Lincoln Club
of Springfield. When he returned to Martha's Vineyard he displayed
the same activity and was the leader of his party of that section. From
1883 until he resigned in August, 1892, he was a member of the Repub-
lican State Committee. In 1892 he was elected an alternate delegate-
at-large to the Republican National Convention. From 1869 to 1873
Mr. Norris was Sheriff of Dukes County, and since 1869 has served
as a Notary Public and Justice of the Peace. From 1869 to 1886 he was
a marine news agent for the Associated Press, one of the most impor-
tant stations outside of the large cities. In 1879 he started the Cottage
City Star, a paper that championed the cause of the " Divisionists " in
promoting the establishment of the town of Cottage City, which was
successful in 1880. In 1887 he became interested in the manufacture
cf seamless tubes by the Kellogg process, becoming the President of the
company, which is still in successful operation. He is now President
of two leai and zinc mining companies of the Joplin (Mo.) district.
It will thus be seen that Mr. Norris has had an active business life,
but his later political history shows that he was none the less active
in public affairs. He declined public office until 1883, when he was
elected to the State Senate, and was re-elected in 1884, 1885, and 1886,
becoming a leader in that body from the start, and devoting himself
arduously to public measures during his entire service. During his
first term he was Chairman of the Committee on Printing and a mem-
ber of the Committees on Election Laws and Mercantile Affairs. Dur-
ing his second term he was Chairman of the Committee on Mercantile
Affairs and a member of the Committees on Railroads and Printing.
In 1886, his third term, he was Chairman of the Committee on Rail-
roads and a member of the Committees on Redistricting the State and
Election Laws. During this term he was also " whip " of the Senate
and Chairman of Senate Republican Caucus Committee. He was de-
feated for a fourth nomination, after a hard tight, his name leading for
seventy-two ballots. In 1882 he was appointed a Trial Justice for
Dukes County, and after serving six months resigned, declining the
same office subsequently offered by Governor Robinson. Mr. Norris
is a member of the Middlesex, Norfolk, and Massachusetts Republican
Clubs, and well and favorably known throughout the Commonwealth.
He was married September 16, 1863, to Miss Martha Daggett Luce,
of Vineyard Haven. They have one child, Howes Norris, Jr.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 281
AUGH, WILLIAM WALLACE, manager of the Boston Home
Journal, was born in Stoughton, Mass., August 18, 1844, and
is the son of Rev. George Waugh and Amanda Upham. He
is of Scotch ancestry and a descendant of Sir William Wal-
lace. His mother's family is one of the oldest in Massachusetts.
Mr. Waugh was educated at Stoughton and under the careful tuition
of his father, who was a Methodist clergyman and an early abolitionist
of the Garrison stamp. At the breaking out of the Civil WTar young
Waugh enlisted in Company G, Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, and
was detailed on the detective force under Colonel Woolley. In 1865
he entered a country store in Canton, Mass., and in 1869 came to Boston
as clerk in a wholesale and retail boot and shoe house. In 1870 he
became a member of the firm of Kowe & Waugh, jobbers in boots and
shoes. In 1873 he purchased the Boston Home Journal and has since
been its manager and owner. In 1893 he established The Hotel, a very
attractive paper published in magazine form and devoted to the hotel
interests of America. For several years Mr. Waugh was secretary of
the Massachusetts and National Hotel Associations. He is a member
of Edward Kingsley Post, No. 113, G. A. R., the Massachusetts Club,
the Roxbury Club, and the New England Club.
October 6, 1880, he married Lucy Holmes Cobb, daughter of Samuel
T. Cobb, and granddaughter of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, one of the first
Universalirt ministers. They have two children : Wallace Whitney
Waugh and Irving Cambridge Waugh.
ERRILL, WILLIAM HARVEY, Postmaster of Salem, Mass.,
since 1891, was born in that ancient and historic city on the
24th of July, 1850, his parents being William Henry Mer-
rill, Sr., a cooper, and Sophia A. (Patch) Merrill. He re-
ceived his early education in the Salem public schools, which he left at
the age of twelve to engage in the occupation of carrying papers. From
this time his life has been one of unceasing activity. His remarkable
courage, energy, and enterprise, developed while yet a mere boy, have
carried him forward to successful ends and stamp him as a self-made
man in the broadest sense of the term.
After working two years in a dry and fancy goods store Mr. Merrill
learned the book and paper-hanging business, in which he engaged on
hi? own account in 1867, and which he followed with great success
until he was appointed Postmaster at Salem by President Harrison in
1891. He was reappointed to this office by President McKinley in De-
cember, 1897, and still discharges its duties with the same ability, good
282 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
judgment, and energetic attention to detail which have characterized
his entire career.
Mr. Merrill has long been a trusted and valued leader of the Repub-
lican party in Salem and Essex Counties. For twelve years he served as
Secretary of the Salem Eepublican Flambeau Club, and in other con-
nections has been active and influential in party affairs. He is a
director in the Salem Co-operative Bank and a member of the Masonic
and Odd Fellows fraternities, the Royal Arcanum, the Knights of
Honor, the Pilgrim Fathers, and the Essex Club.
He was married in October, 1879, in Salem, Mass., to Emma P. Hill,
daughter of Captain Samuel Hill, and their children are Samuel Har-
vey, Malcolm Hill, Mabel and Gertrude (twins), and Ethel.
UTLER, WILLIAM MORGAN, of Boston, is the son of Rev.
James D. and Eliza B. (Place) Butler, and was born in
New Bedford, Mass., January 29, 1861. His father was
for many years a prominent minister of the Methodist
Episcopal Church in the New England Southern and Providence Con-
ferences. His grandfather, Daniel Butler, was an important factor in
the early business life of New Bedford, where the family has resided
since 1750, when Benjamin Butler, his great-grandfather, moved there.
His first American ancestor was Thomas Butler, who came from Eng-
land to Lyuu, Mass., in 1629, and removed to Sandwich in 1637.
Mr. Butler was educated in the public schools of his native city.
Deciding upon the law as a profession, he entered the Boston Univer-
sity Law School, and received the degree of LL.B. therefrom in June,
1884, being admitted to the bar in September of the preceding year.
Immediately after graduating he began active practice in New Bed-
ford, and during the first three or four years was associated Avith Hon.
Hosea M. Knowlton, now (1899) Attorney-General of Massachusetts.
Later he formed a copartnership with Mayhew R. Hitch, which con-
tinued about four years, or until June, 1896, when he moved to Bos-
ton. During the twelve years of his professional career in New Bedford
Mr. Butler established a high reputation for industry and ability, and
gained not only a large general practice, but also a prominent place at
the Bristol County bar. His removal to Boston was the result of a
constantly increasing business in the department of corporation law,
to which he has devoted his energies for several years. He has been
eminently successful, and is widely recognized as an able counsellor
and advocate.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 283
In politics he has always been an ardent and consistent Kepublican.
He was a member of the New Bedford Common Council in 1886, and
for two terms (1890-91) represented that city in the lower House of
the Legislature, where he served on the Judiciary Committee. He was
an influential member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1892, 1893, 1894,
and 1895, and was President of that body during the last two years.
He was one of the youngest presidents the Senate ever had, and on
both occasions was chosen without opposition and by a unanimous
vote. As State Senator he took an active part in debate and in all'
legislation, and in the capacity of comniitteeman rendered valuable
service to the Commonwealth as well as to his constituents. In 1892
he was chairman of the Joint Special Committee on Administrative
Boards and Commissions, and a member of the Committees on the
Judiciary and Mercantile Affairs. In 1893 he was chairman of the
Committee on the Judiciary and of the Senate Special Committee to
investigate the penal institutions, and a member of the Committees on
Probate and Insolvency, Bills in Third Reading, and Printing; and
also of the Committee to Revise the Corporation Laws, the Committee
upon Revision of the Judiciary System, and the Joint Special Commit-
tee of inquiry into the Torrens system of land transfer. As presiding
officer he displayed parliamentary ability of a high order, dignity, and
unfailing impartiality; his entire career in both the House and the
Senate was characterized by a faithful discharge of all legislative
duties, and unwavering fidelity to the best interests of the Common-
wealth and its people. He is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows
fraternities and of the Wamsutta Club of New Bedford.
AYLOR, JAMES, one of the best known citizens of New Bed-
ford, Mass., and who for fifty -two years (1843-1895) was
connected with the office of Collector of the Port of that
city, was born in Providence, R. I., in 1825, and is a son of
William H. and Eliza Ann ( Pitman ) Taylor. His branch of the Taylor
family is descended from Robert Taylor, who settled in Newport, R. I.,
in 1655. The Pitman family is equally as old in the settlement of New
England. William H. Taylor, father of James, was a native of New-
port, and when a youth was a clerk in the office of William Ellery, one
of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and at that period
collector of the port. Mr. Taylor subsequently became deputy col-
lector of the port at Bristol, R. I., and, removing to New Bedford,
finally engaged in the insurance business, being previous to his death,
284
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
in 1880, president of the Mutual Marine Insurance Company of New
Bedford.
James Taylor was educated in the schools of New Bedford, and after
graduating from the High School entered the office of William H.
Allen, at that time collector of the port, as clerk, and continued in that
position under the administrations of Rodney French, Joseph T.
Adams, and William T. Russell. When C. B. H. Fessenden was ap-
pointed collector he promoted Mr. Taylor to the office of Deputy Col-
lector, and as such he continued during the terms of office of Mr. Fes-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 285
senden, Lawrence Grinnell, John A. P. Allen, and Western Howland.
In 1890 Mr. Taylor was appointed Collector by President Harrison, and
served in that capacity until February, 1895, when a change in the
political administration at Washington forced him to retire.
Mr. Taylor has always been a member of the Republican party, and
has been active in its support and prominent in the councils of the
leaders of his district. He has also devoted considerable time to busi-
ness affairs, and is serving as President of the Bristol County Fire
Insurance Company, as clerk of the Trustees of the Five Cent Savings
Bank of New Bedford, and as Secretary of the New Bedford Port
Society. He has also taken an active interest in the Masonic Order,
being a Past Master of Star in the East Lodge, a member of Adoniram
Chapter, K. A. M., and of New Bedford Council, B. and S. M., and as
Past Commander of Sutton Conimandery, K. T.
Mr. Taylor was married in 1849 to Miss Elizabeth J. Stoddard, who
died in 1890. Five children were born to them : Annie H., wife of
J. Gardner Bassett, of Bridgewater; William Howland, a graduate of
New York University and Bellevue Hospital, who died July 20,
1891, when just started upon a brilliant professional career; James
Arthur, now assistant postmaster of New Bedford; Mary L.; and Frank
T., a graduate of Harvard Dental College and now practicing his pro-
fession in Boston.
AYNES, JOHN CUMMINGS, born in Brighton, now a part of
Boston, Mass., September 9, 1829, is the eldest of six children
of John Dearborn Haynes and Eliza Walker Stevens. The
paternal ancestor, Samuel Haynes, a thrifty farmer, came
from Shropshire, England, in 1635, and settled in what is now Ports-
mouth, N. H., where he gained prominence among the colonists. On
the maternal side Mr. Haynes is of Scotch-Irish lineage and connected
with the Gilpatrick family.
Mr. Haynes was educated in the Boston public and high schools, and
in July, 1845, entered the employ of the late Oliver Ditson, music pub-
lisher. He commenced at the foot of the ladder and assisted from
the start in helping his parents in the stress in which circumstances
had placed them. Through industry and close attention he proved of
increasing value to his employer and steadily rose, step by step, until
on January 1, 1851, he was given an interest in the business. January
1, 1857, Mr. Haynes became a partner, the house assuming the name of
Oliver Ditson & Co. The death of Oliver Ditson in December, 1888,
led to the formation of the present corporation, entitled the Oliver Dit-
286 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
son Company, of which Mr. Haynes is the president, and Charles H.
Ditson, head of the New York branch, the treasurer.
Mr. Haynes joined the Free Soil party, casting his first presidential
vote in 1852 for John P. Hale. He went with his party into the Re-
publican organization and continues identified therewith. He was a
member of the Boston Common Council during the four important
years from 1862 to 1865, and helped to further the plans and legislation
made to enable Boston to furnish its quota of volunteer soldiers for the
suppression of the Rebellion. He was also a strenuous advocate of the
measure which thereby became successful to secure the opening of the
Public Library on Sundays. He has since been often solicited to as-
sume public office, but has steadfastly declined. In early life he be-
came interested in the preaching of the Rev. Theodore Parker, and
was for many years chairman of the standing committee of the society
which rallied to his support. He took an active part in the organiza-
tion and support of the Parker liraternity of Boston, which for many
years was celebrated for its courses of lectures, and in the influence
it exerted in moulding public opinion, notably during the War of the
Rebellion and during the years of reconstruction that followed.
Mr. Haynes is a trustee of the Franklin Savings Bank, a director of
the Mercantile Trust Company and of the Massachusetts Title Insur-
ance Company, a trustee and vice-president of the Massachusetts Home-
opathic Hospital, and a member of the Massachu setts Club, the Home
Market Club, the Boston Merchants' Association, the Aged Couples'
Home Society, the Young Men's Christian Union, and the Free Reli-
gious Association.
May 1, 1855, he was married at Boston by the Rev. Theodore Parker
to Fanny Seabury Speer, daughter of the Rev. Charles Speer. They
have had seven children: Alice (Mrs. M. Morton Holmes); Theodore
Parker, deceased; Lizzie (Mrs. O. Gordon Rankin); Jennie Eliza, de-
ceased, who married Frederick O. Hurd; Cora Marie (Mrs. I. W. Cros-
by) ; and Mabel Stevens and Edith Margaret Haynes.
HASE, HENRY ADAMS, Postmaster of Holyoke, Mass., is
the son of Edwin Chase, a lumber merchant, and Maria
Adams, and a lineal descendant of Aquilla Chase (son of
Sir Robert Chase), who came to this country from Corn-
wall, England, in 1635.
Mr. Chase was born in Nashua, N. H., August 4, 1840, but while a
boy moved with the family to Holyoke, where he received his primary
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 287
education in the public schools. He also attended Mclndoes Acad-
emy at Mclndoes Falls, Vt., and then spent four years in the lumber
trade at Burlington. In 1861 he associated himself with his father in
the same business. Since that year he has also been an active and
influential factor in the Republican party. He was a member of the
Holyoke School Committee for three years from 1862, an Alderman
of the city in 1873 and 1874, County Commissioner of Hampden Coun-
ty from 1880 to 1886, and Mayor of the city of Holyoke in 1895. Dur-
ing his service of six years as County Commissioner the new jaii was
built at Springfield, and while he was Mayor the present Holyoke
High School and a new grammar school building were erected. Mr.
Chase was one of the principal founders of the Holyoke Public Library
in 1874, and has ever since served it as Secretary and Treasurer. He is
also President of the Forestdale Cemetery Association, a prominent
member and supporter of the Second Baptist Church of Holyoke, and
a member of the Pequot and Holyoke Canoe Clubs, and at the present
time is Postmaster of Holyoke, by appointment of President McKin-
ley.
June 19, 1866, he married Sarah J. Mayo, of Burlington, Vt., and
their children are Edwin M., Henry M., Charles A., J. Paul, Laura,
and Richard W.
ILLIAMS, APPLETON P., of West Upton, Mass., was born
in Providence, R. I., January 28, 1867, the son of Zephaniah
Williams, for many years connected with the Providence
line of steamers for New York, and Minerva Victoria Park,
his wife. He is a descendant of Richard Williams, one of the first
settlers and an original owner of the first iron works of Taunton, Mass.,
an immigrant to this country from Glamorganshire, England, and a
relative of Oliver Cromwell.
Mr. Williams was educated in the Providence public schools and at
Brown University, from which institution he was graduated in 1889.
From 1890 to 1892 he was engaged in the banking business, and since
then he has been President and Treasurer of the Upton Manufacturing
Company, of West Upton, Mass. In politics Mr. Williams is an active
and ardent Republican. He has served as Chairman of the Upton
School Board since 1896, was a member of the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture in 1898, and is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity
and of the University Club of Boston.
September 20. 1893, Mr. Williams married Emelyn Palmer Butts,
who died childless June 22, 1895.
288 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ROVER, THOMAS ELWOOD, of Boston, was born in Mans-
field, Mass., February 9, 1846, and is the son of Thomas and
Roana (Perry) Grover. The Grover family (originally
spelled Grovier) in America descends from Thomas Grover,
who came, in 1635, to Maiden, Mass., where he married Mary Chadwick,
by whom he had three sons : Ephraim, Andrew, and Thomas. The
Perry family is also one of the oldest in New England, coming from
England early in Colonial days.
Thomas E. Grover was educated in the public and private schools of
Mansfield, and began his active career on a newspaper in Foxboro,
Mass. He then read law and was admitted to practice September 9,
1869. In 1870 he came to Boston, where he has since followed his
profession, his home being in Canton. Mr. Grover has established a
successful general practice. He has always been a Republican, and
for several years was a Trial Justice at Canton. He was also Super-
intendent of Schools at Canton and Mansfield, and has always taken a
deep interest in educational affairs, serving for years upon the Can-
ton School Committee. In 1894 he was elected to the State Legisla-
ture and in 1895 was re-elected. During these terms he served upon
several important committees and as Chairman of the Railroad Com-
mittee, and being a forcible and ready debater rendered his constitu-
ents efficient service in the House.
Mr. Grover's public speeches, covering a wide range of subjects, have
been favorably commented upon. His efforts have been devoted chiefly
to literary themes and his G. A. R. and campaign speeches have been
highly praised. He is considered one of the most forceful orators in
Massachusetts, and has also contributed largely to newspapers and
periodicals. He was a founder and is a trustee of the Canton Savings
Bank, a member of the Norfolk Club, and a Knight Templar in the
Masonic fraternity.
He was married September 17, 1871, to Miss Frances L. Williams, of
Foxboro, Mass. They have one son, Gregory Williams Grover.
RAPER, GEORGE ALBERT, born at Hopedale, Mass., No-
vember 5, 1855, is the son of George Draper and a brother of
the Hon. William F. Draper. He received his education in
Hopedale and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy. After completing his studies, he entered his father's office and,
gaining a practical knowledge of the business, was admitted to the
firm which conducted its operations under the style of George Draper
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 289
& Sons. The enterprise was later merged into the Draper Company,
George A. Draper becoming its Treasurer, which position he still holds.
Mr. Draper lias taken an active interest in politics all his life, and is
a prominent Republican, ever seeking to advance the best interests of
the organization in whatever way possible. He is a leading member of
the Home Market Club and the Massachusetts Republican Club.
He was married November 6, 1890, at Lexington, Ky., to Jessie
Puston, and has two children: Wickliffe Puston and Helen Howard.
ARKER, FORREST EDSON, a member of the State Board
of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners of Massachusetts
since its organization in 1885, and Chairman of that body
since 1894. has been an active Republican since he
cast his first presidential vote for Rutherford B. Hayes in 1876. He
has served his party in minor offices in the conduct of elections in his
district — as Chairman of the Congressional District Republican Com-
mittee, as a member of the Republican City Committee of Worcester,
and as a member of the Executive Committee of the Republican
County Committee. For six years he was a member of the School
Committee of Worcester, five years of which he was on the Committee
on Teachers. In 1882 he was elected to the lower House of Represen-
tatives and re-elected the ensuing year, serving during the sessions of
1883 and 1884. During these terms of public service he was actively
identified with the movement providing for new election laws, secret
voting, and non-partisan registration and returning boards. He served
on the Committees on Probate and Chancery and Election Laws, being
Chairman of the latter body, and established a record for faithful, ef-
ficient, and honorable service. Upon the organization of the State
Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners of Massachusetts in
1885, Mr. Barker was appointed one of its members, and has ever since
served in that capacity, having been reappointed in 1886, 1889, 1892,
1895, and 1898. for terms of three years each. His able and active serv-
ices were rewarded by the late Governor Greenhalge in 1894, when the
Governor made him Chairman of the commission, which post he still
holds.
Mr. Barker is comparatively a young man. having been born Sep-
tember 29, 1853. He is a native of Exeter, N. H., and a son of Josiah
G. and Betsy Kent Barker. His ancestors originally came from Eng-
land, the Barker family having been residents and identified with the
development of Massachusetts and New Hampshire since the middle of
the seventeenth centurv.
290 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Forrest E. Barker received an excellent education, having the ad-
vantages of the public schools of Worcester and Wesleyan University,
Middletown, Conn. Deciding upon a professional career, he became a
student in the law offices of the late Hon. W. W. Rice and F. T. Black-
mer, of Worcester, and supplemented this by courses of study at the
Boston University Law School. He was admitted to practice in 1876
G. / <y CLsuhjtsi-.
and commenced his professional career in Worcester, where he estab-
lished a successful practice, and where he continued until 1889, when
the absorbing duties of his position on the Gas and Electric Light Com-
mission caused him to abandon his law business to devote his entire
attention to the State office. In this position Mr. Barker has rendered
valuable service to the people of the Commonwealth. He is a member
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 291
of the University and Middlesex Clubs of Boston, and an active member
of both the Odd Fellows and Masonic fraternities.
He was united in marriage in 1887 to Miss Flora I. Osgood, of
Worcester. They have two children : Luliona May and Stanley Oilman
Barker.
HANDLES, WILLIAM EATON, of New Hampshire, was
born in Concord, in that State, December 28, 1835, and
was graduated from the Harvard Law School with the
degree of LL.B. in 1855, receiving a prize for a competitive
legal thesis. He entered upon the practice of law at Concord in 1856,
and soon gained prominence as a man of unusual ability. In 1859 he
was appointed Reporter of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and
published five volumes of reports. About this period he took an active
part in the councils of the Republican party, served three consecutive
years in the State Legislature, was Speaker of the House in 1863 and
1864, and for several years held the secretaryship or chairmanship of
the Republican State Committee. In March, 1865, he was made First
Solicitor and Judge-Advocate-General of the United States Navy De-
partment, which had employed him in the previous autumn as special
counsel to prosecute the Philadelphia Navy Yard frauds. He became
First Assistant Secretary of the Treasury on June 17, 1865, and served
in that office until November 30, 1867, when he resumed his law prac-
tice.
Senator Chandler occupied no official position during the next thir-
teen years except that of a member of the New Hampshire Constitu-
tional Convention of 1876, in which year he also defended the claims
of the Hayes electors before the Board of Canvassers of Florida. But
he continued to take a very active part in politics, serving as a delegate
to the Republican National Convention of 1868 and as secretary of
the Republican National Committee from 1868 to 1876. In 1880 he
was again a delegate to the Republican National Convention, and as a
member of the Committee on Credentials was influential in securing
the adoption of a report in favor of district representation. During
the campaign of 1880 he was a member of the National Committee,
and on March 23, 1881, was nominated by President Garfield for
United States Solicitor-General, but the nomination was not confirmed
by the Senate. In 1881 he was again a member of his State Legisla-
ture. On April 7, 1882, he was appointed Secretary of the Navy, and
among the important measures carried out by him were the limitation
of annual appointments, the simplification and reduction of the navy
292 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
yard establishment, the beginning of a modern navy, and the Greely
Relief Expedition. In June, 1887, he was elected United States Sen-
ator from New Hampshire to fill the unexpired term of Hon. Austin
F. Pike, and in June, 1889, he was re-elected for a full term, and in
January, 1895, was again re-elected. He became a number of years
ago a controlling owner of the Monitor, a Republican daily, and its
weekly, the Statesman, published at Concord. His present Senatorial
term expires March 3, 1901.
ROWN, ELISHA RHODES, of Dover, N. H., is the son of
Colville Dana Brown and Mary Eliza (Rhodes) Brown and
the seventh in descent from Chad Brown, of Providence,
and ninth in descent on his mother's side from Roger Will-
iams, of Rhode Island. He was born in Pawtuxet, R. I., March 28,
1847, but when young removed with his parents to Dover, N. H., where
he obtained his education, and where he has ever since resided.
Mr. Brown entered the Straff ord National Bank of Dover December
10, 1867, and was elected Cashier January 1, 1876, Vice-President June
30, 1890, and President in January, 1897. March 25, 1876. he was
elected Corporator of the Strafford Savings Bank of Dover, and became
a trustee March 31, 1883, Vice-President March 24, 1890, and President
October 12, 1891. He is still serving as President of these well known
institutions. Mr. Brown is also a director of the Manchester and Law-
rence Railroad Company, the Dover and Winnepisseoggee Railroad, the
West Amesbury Branch Railroad, the Portsmouth and Dover Railroad,
the Dover Improvement Company, the Dover Gas Light Company, and
the Eliot Bridge Company; a trustee of the Dover Children's Home and
the Pine Hill Cemetery of Dover; and Chairman of the Board of Trus-
tees of the Dover Home for the Aged. He is a Deason and Treasurer of
the First Congregational Church of Dover, a corporate member of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and a member
of the Sons of the Revolution, of the Society of Colonial Wars, and of
the Bellamy Club. In politics he has always been an ardent Repub-
lican, and, though never very active, has been prominently identified
with the interests of the party and influential in promoting its welfare
and aiding its candidates.
October 18, 1870, Mr. Brown married Frances Bickford, daughter of
Dr. Alphonso Bickford, of Dover, N. H. They have four sons:
Alphonso Bickford Brown, born January 23, 1872, a graduate of Phil-
lips Andover Academy, Yale College, and Harvard Medical School;
Harold Winthrop Brown, born November 8, 1875, a graduate of Phil-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 293
lips Andover Academy and Harvard College; and Raymond Goold
and Philip Carter Brown, twins, born August 27, 1885.
OORE, WILLIAM HENRY, son of Charles and Harriet Moore,
was born March 12, 1856, in Portsmouth, X. H., where ho
still resides. His ancestors, who came originally from Eng-
land, were some of Portsmouth's first settlers, and among
them was Colonel John Moore, who participated in the historic expe-
dition against Louisburg.
Mr. Moore attended the Portsmouth public schools and Dartmouth
College, and although he did not graduate, he laid the foundation upon
which he has built a successful career. At the age of nineteen he went
to sea and for seven years followed a maritime life, serving a part of the
time as apothecary in the United States Navy, and making one cruise
on the U. S. S. Marion of the South Atlantic Station. Mr. Moore was
subsequently engaged in the insurance business for six years, and dur-
ing the past eight years has been the editor of local newspapers. He
was elected City Clerk of Portsmouth, N. H., March 12, 1896, and still
holds that office. As a Republican he has taken a leading part in local
politics. He is a member of the Portsmouth Athletic Club, a member
and formerly president of the Portsmouth Yacht Club, and a member
of Damon Lodge, No. 9, K. of P.
January 5, 1887, he married Miss Arabelle B. Bowles, of Portsmouth,
N. H. They have no children.
RIGGS, GEORGE TYLER, born in the town of South Kings-
town, R. I., September 24, 1848, is the sou of Jeremiah and
Lydia Briggs. He was reared on his father's farm, and his
education was received in the schools of the neighborhood.
Mr. Briggs is in business as a contractor and builder at Narragan-
sett Pier, R. I., Avhere he resides. He is a prominent and active Re-
publican. He was for seven years a member of the Town Council and
for two years a member of the State Legislature. He belongs to Hope
Lodge, No. 25, F. and A. M., and is a member of the United Workmen
Association.
November 7, 1876, Mr. Briggs was married at Newport, R. I., to Har-
riet Antoinette Stevens. He has two children : George Park and Annie
Stevens Briggs.
294
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
YER, ELISHA, Governor of Rhode Island, is the son of the
late Governor Elisha Dyer (1857-59) and Anna Jones Hop-
pin, and was born in Providence on the 28th of November,
1839. He was educated in his native city in the public
schools, the University Grammar School, and Brown University, and
at the University of Giessen, Germany, from which he was graduated
in August, 1860, receiving
the degree of Doctor of Phi-
losophy. He has been iden-
tified with the militia of
Rhode Island since 1856. In
October of that year he
joined as a private the First
Light Infantry Company and
served as such until April 6,
1858, when he was commis-
sioned Colonel and Aide-de-
Camp on the staff of his
father, Governor Elisha
Dyer. On April 17, 1861, he
was enrolled as Sergeant in
the First Light Battery,
Rhode Island Detached Mili-
tia, and originally served as
Fourth Duty Sergeant, but
on the 27th was discharged
on a surgeon's certificate by
reason of injuries received at
Easton, Pa., previous to the
mustering in of the battery.
On September 28, following,
he was commissioned Lieu-
tenant and Commissary of the Providence Marine Corps of Artillery,
and served as such until June 7, 1862, when he was commissioned
Major by Governor Sprague to fill a temporary vacancy. He was ap-
pointed May 26, 1863, Colonel and Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Gov-
ernor James Y. Smith, and served in that capacity until May 29, 1866.
On June 7, 1869, he was elected Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the
Providence Marine Corps of Artillery, and was re-elected April 25,
1870, and served as such until April 24, 1871, when he declined a re-
election. On April 29, 1872, he was again elected Lieutenant-Colonel
commanding the same corps, was re-elected April 28, 1873, and at the
end of his term, April 27, 1874, again declined a re-election.
ELISHA DYER.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 295
May 10. 1875, Colonel Dyer was elected and commissioned Lieuten-
ant-Colonel commanding the First Battalion Light Artillery, Second
Brigade, Rhode Island Militia, and served as such until May 13, 1878,
when he declined another election. He was elected by the General
Assembly of the State, February 7, 1882, Adjutant-General of Rhode
Island with the rank of Brigadier-General, for a term of five years,
was re-elected February 7, 1887, for a second term of five years, and was
again elected February 2, 1892, for a third term of five years from the
7th of that month. Upon his OAvn request he was relieved from active
duty as Adjutant-General of the State, October 31, 1895, and placed
upon the retired list of commissioned officers of the Rhode Island Mili-
tia, with the rank of Brigadier-General. During his term as Adjutant-
General, General Dyer, by direction of the General Assembly, corrected
and completed the war records of the State, and from them compiled
the Revised Report of the Adjiitant-General of 1865. General Dyer
also secured the change of the armament of the infantry organizations
of the State from the old 52-calibre Springfield to the 45-calibre rifle
then used by the United States army. He obtained the four-inch iron
guns now used by the Light Battery in place of the old six-pounder
brass pieces. He organized the present Machine Gun Battery of four
machine guns and consolidated the small infantry battalion into two
regiments of eight companies each and one separate company of in-
fantry. He also organized the Naval Battalion attached to the Rhode
Island Militia. As Adjutant-General he served as the First Secretary
of the State Board of Soldiers' Relief and subsequently as a member of
the board. He also served as a member of the Pawtucket, Bristol,
Newport, and Providence Armory Commissions.
General Dyer was elected in 1871 a member of the Rhode Island
Senate from the town of North Kingstown. In 1878 he was appointed
by Governor Van Zandt a member of the State Board of Health for
five years. In 1880 and 1881 he was elected a Representative to the
General Assembly from the city of Providence, and in 1888 was elected
a member of the Providence School Committee, a position which he oc-
cupied until July 1, 1897, when he resigned. In June, 1890, he was
elected to the Board of Aldermen from the First Ward of the city of
Providence, and was re-elected in 1891, declining a re-election in 1892.
April 7, 1897, he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, was re-elected
April 6, 1898, and was elected for a third term April 5, 1899.
He has filled every position with consummate ability, with the dig-
nity and energy characteristic of his race, and with great honor
to himself and entire satisfaction to the people of his city and
State. His military record as well as his legislative and gubernatorial
service has brought him into National prominence, while his activity
296 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
as a Republican has won for him a recognized leadership in the coun-
cils of the party.
Governor Dyer is a member of St. John's Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of
the Koyal Arch Chapter, of St. John's Commandery, K. T., of Aleppo
Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and of the Ancient and Arabic
Scottish Rite, 33d degree. He is also a comrade of Rodman Post,
G. A. R., of Burnside Camp, Sons of Veterans, and of the Massachusetts
Commandery of the Loyal Legion, and a member of the Hope, Squau-
turn, and Providence Central Clubs, the Providence Athletic Associa-
tion, and the University Club of New York.
RNOLD, WARREN O., of Chepachet, R. I., was born in Cov-
entry, Kent County, R. I., June 3, 1839, received a public
school education in his native State, and was engaged in
mercantile pursuits from 1857 to 1864 and in cotton manu-
facturing from 1864 to 1866. In the latter year he engaged in the man-
ufacture of woolen goods.
Mr. Arnold became one of the early members and a recognized leader
of the Republican party in Rhode Island, and served with great credit
as a member of the Fiftieth, Fifty-first, and Fifty-fourth Congresses,
representing the Second District of the State.
AFT, ROYAL CHAPIN, manufacturer and banker of Provi-
dence, R. I., and Governor of the State in 1888-89, was born
in Northbridge, Mass., February 14, 1823, the son of Orsmus
Taft and Margaret Smith. Robert Taft, from whom he is
descended in the seventh generation, came to New England from Scot-
land, settling in Braintree, Mass., as a householder. At the close of
King Philip's war, in 1680, he removed to and became one of the origi-
nal settlers of Mendon, Mass., where he was chosen a member of the
Board of Selectmen in 1681. Robert Taft, his five sons, and their de-
scendants exerted an important influence upon the history of Mendon
and Uxbridge, where many of the name still reside. Jacob Taft, grand-
father of Royal C., was a private on the Lexington Alarm roll of Cap-
tain Joseph Chapin's company, which marched from Uxbridge on the
alarm of April 19, 1775, and on the muster roll of Captain Seagrave's
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 297
company, Colonel Joseph Read's regiment, of May 1 and September 25,
of the same year, he appears with rank of Sergeant, having served in
that capacity at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
When Royal C. Taft was less than one year old he was taken by his
parents from Northbridge to Uxbridge, Mass., where he received a
common school education, which was supplemented by an attendance
of two years at Worcester Academy. In July, 1844, he removed to
Providence, R. I., where he has ever since resided. Here he was a clerk
in the office of Royal Chapin, a prominent woolen manufacturer and
wool dealer, for five years, when he was admitted to a partnership
under the firm name of Royal Chapin & Co. In 1851 he engaged in the
wool and manufacturing business with S. Standish Bradford, of Paw-
tucket, the firm name being Bradford & Taft, which was continued
under the style of Bradford, Taft & Co. and Taft, Weeden & Co. until
1885, when Mr. Taft retired from active business for a while. Later he
engaged in both cotton and woolen manufacturing, purchasing in 1888
the interest of the late Henry W. Gardner in the Coventry Company.
Mr. Taft is President of the Quinebaug Company, of Brooklyn, Conn.,
Treasurer of the Bernon Mills, of Georgiaville, R. I., President of the
Merchants National Bank of Providence (since 1868), Vice-President
of the Providence Institution for Savings, President of the Boston and
Providence Railroad Company, and a director of the Rhode Island
Hospital Trust Company and the New York, New Haven and Hartford
Railroad Company. He is a man of great executive and financial
ability, of unusual sagacity, of unswerving integrity, and of soxmd
common sense, and in every business relation has achieved eminent
success and an honorable reputation.
Mr. Taft was originally a Whig, but has been an ardent and consist-
ent Republican since the organization of that party, and was for many
years one of its ablest and trusty leaders. Few men have had more in-
fluence upon the financial, manufacturing, and political affairs of
Rhode Island, in which he has been active and prominent for more
than a generation. He was a member of the Providence City Council
in 1855 and 1856, a Representative to the General Assembly from Prov-
idence in 1880, 1881, and 1882, and one of the Sinking Fund Commis-
sioners of the State for six years. In May, 1888, he was elected Gov-
ernor of Rhode Island on the Republican ticket and served one year,
declining a renomination on account of pressing and increasing busi-
ness interests. In 1865 he became a member of the Board of Trustees
of the Butler Hospital for the Insane and is still serving in that capac-
ity. Among other positions which he has filled may be mentioned the
following : President of the Rhode Island Hospital, Vice-President of
298 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the Providence Athenaeum, and, with the late Hon. George H. Corliss,
a Commissioner from Rhode Island to the Centennial Exposition at
Philadelphia in 1876. In 1891 he received the honorary degree of A.M.
from Brown University. Mr. Taft possesses great intellectual ability
and force of character. He is a man of broad and accurate learning,
and in every capacity has distinguished himself with credit and honor.
October 30, 1850, he married Mary Frances Aimington, daughter of
George B. Aimington, M.D., of Pittsford, Vt. They have four chil-
dren: Mary E. (Mrs. George M. Smith), Abby F., Kobert W., and
Koyal C., Jr.
NTHONY, ANDREW JACKSON, of East Providence, R. I.,
was born in Meudou, Mass., May 18, 1833, the son of David
Richmond Anthony, a prominent cigar manufacturer, and
Catharine Barker. His paternal ancestors came to this
country from England. He was educated in the public schools of See-
konk, Mass., now East Providence, R. I., and for ten years was success-
fully engaged in business as a contracting mason. During the past
thirty-one years he has been connected as master mason with the
Providence Gas Company, of Providence, R. I.
Mr. Anthony has been an active leader of the Republican party ever
since its organization, and in various important capacities has ren-
dered efficient service in its development and welfare. He was a mem-
ber of the Rhode Island Senate from April, 1889, to April, 1895, and
also of the East Providence TOAVII Council for thirteen out of the six-
teen years from April, 1874, to 1889. In April, 1897, he was again
elected a Town Councilman, and continues to hold that office. His
official duties have been discharged with ability and satisfaction.
June 6, 1854, he was married in Providence to Harriet Newell Mar-
tin, and their children are Henry F., Archer C., Newton J., Frederick
C., Eva M., Hattie M., and Kittle B. They reside in East Providence,
R. I., on Anthony street.
NTHONY, HENRY FRANK, of East Providence, R. I., is the
eldest son and child of Andrew Jackson Anthony, formerly
State Senator, whose sketch appears above, and Harriet
Newell Martin, his wife, and was born in East Providence,
R. I., then Seekonk, Mass.), May 26, 1855. The subsequent
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 299
change in the State boundaries brought his birthplace in Khodc Is-
land. His ancestors on both sides came originally from England. He
was educated in the public schools of East ProAddence and by private
tuition, and then learned the mason's trade. Since 1881, however,
lie has held the position of agent of the railroad wharves at East Provi-
dence, which are controlled by the New York, New Haven and Hart-
ford Railroad Company.
Mr. Anthony has been for many years a prominent and influential
factor in the Republican party. He was an Assessor for three years,
a member of the East Providence Town Council for nine years and
President of that body for four years, and since May, 1897, has been
a member of the Rhode Island Senate. In all these capacities he has
displayed marked ability. He is a 32° Mason, holding membership in
the Comrnaudery and the Scottish Rite bodies.
In 187G he married Julia O. Burt, of Fall River, Mass., and their
children are Robert H., William B., and Fannie May.
OODS, JOHN CARTER BROWN, is one of the younger gen-
eration of men in Providence, R. I., who has been identified
with many diversified movements to control public affairs,
and has been a resident of that city since his birth on June
12, 1851. His parents, Dr. Marshall and Anne Brown Francis Woods,
unite in their ancestry some of the oldest blood in New England. John
and Nicholas Brown were idenified with the Revolutionary period in
State affairs and in Congress, while Hon. John Brown Francis was
Governor of Rhode Lsland in 1833 and became United States Senator
in 1842.
Mr. Woods attended private schools in his youth and subsequently
entered Brown University, from which institution he was graduated
with the Class of 1872. Determined to make the profession of law his
calling in life, he entered Harvard Law School and received his degree
of LL.B. in 1874. He was a student in the law office of Thurston &
Ripley, of Providence, and was admitted to practice in 1874. He has
established a flourishing practice in the general law courts, making no
speciality, and now ranks among the leaders of the bar of the State.
The public and political life of Mr. Woods has been arduous, and
covers practically all of the years from 1876 to the present writing
(1899). In February, 1876, he was elected to the City Council from
the Second Ward of Providence, and served continuously in that body
300 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
until 1884, four years of which he was the presiding officer, and the
balance of his service as an active member of the more important com-
mittees. He entered the lower House of the State Legislature in May,
1881, and his duties continued in that branch of the State government
until May, 1887, being a member of many special committees and chair-
man of the Committee on Judiciary. Mr. Woods became a State Sen-
ator in December, 1891, serving one term, and was again elected and
served in the Senate from April, 1894, to May, 1897. While in the
Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Judiciary, of the Special
Committee to Investigate the Administration of Criminal Law, and of
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 301
Committees relating to the Administration of Justice in Inferior Courts
and to the Suppression of Intemperance, and a member of the Com-
mittees on State Improved Highways, General Subject of Taxation, the
State Armory, and to Revise Militia Laws. He was also chairman of
the Committee on the Geological Survey of the State.
Mr. Woods served on the School Committee of the city of Providence
four years. Having always been an active and aggressive Republican,
he has served the party as a member of the City Committee from 1879
to 1896, being chairman from 1886 to 1894. For five years he was a
member of the State Central Committee. He is a member of the Rhode
Island branch of the National Republican League. Mr. Woods, be-
sides his public life and professional duties, is a director of the Provi-
dence National Bank, a trustee of Brown University, and moderator
of the Charitable Baptist Society, and served on the State Board of
Charities from 1892 to 189<S, being chairman of the board three years.
He is a member of Hope Club and its president for six years; a member
of the Agawam Hunt and the University Clubs of New York; was
president of the Rhode Island branch of the Sons of the American
Revolution; has been president of the Rhode Island Society for the
Suppression of Cruelty to Animals since 1888 and a director of the
Rhode Island School of Design from 1894; is a member of the Provi-
dence Board of Trade; and has been identified with most of the impor-
tant public measures since 18T(i.
ISKE, JOHN THOMAS, Jr., of Pascoag, R. I., is the son of
John Thomas Fiske, Sr., and Abby Eddy, and was born in
Chepachet, R. I., May 21, 1847. His father was a successful
manufacturer of woolen goods and a man widely respected
and esteemed.
Mr. Fiske was educated in the public schools of his native town and
at Nichols Academy in Dudley, Mass., and since leaving school has
been actively connected with the manufacture of woolen and worsted
goods, becoming, as he is now, one of the leading manufacturers and
foremost business men of Rhode Island. He is president and treasurer
of the Sheffield Worsted Mills, and a man of eminent ability and great
force of character. Mr. Fiske has always supported the straight Re-
publican ticket, but has never accepted public office until May, 1898,
when he became State Senator from Burrillville. He is now (1899)
serving in that capacity. He is a member of the Providence Athletic
302 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Association, of the Pomham Club, and of the Rhode Island Yacht Club.
September 1, 1875, Mr. Fiske was married in Worcester, Mass., and
has one daughter, Abby Eddy.
AWYER, REUBEN KINSMAN, the popular Postmaster of
Wellesley, Mass., is a native of North Yarmouth, Maine,
where he was born September 19, 1850. His father was
L. W. Sawyer, a farmer, and his mother was Sarah K.
(Maxfield) Sawyer. The first representatives of this family came from
England in 1620. and one of the three brothers located in Maine and
took an active part in the permanent settlement of that State, and
many of their descendants have been prominent in social, religious, and1
political affairs from the first. Mr. Sawyer's father died in Salem.
Mass., in 1892, and his mother in August, 1854, in North Yarmouth.
Mr. Sawyer passed his boyhood on the farm, attending the district
schools of his native town, and at the age of eighteen fitted for Dart-
mouth College at the famous Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, N.H.
He matriculated at Dartmouth, but was subsequently obliged to ais-
continue his studies there on account of poor health. In 1870 he went
to Wellesley, Mass., and entered the employ of Hon. Henry F. Durant,
the founder of Wellesley College, which has become widely famous
as an institution of learning. Mr. Sawyer had charge of the improve-
ments then being made on what are now the college grounds, and from
1880 to 1885 he was superintendent of Stone Hall and other of the
college buildings.
In 1886 he was appointed Postmaster at Wellesley by President Cleve-
land, and was re-appointed to the same office by President Harrison.
At the expiration of his term he was again re-appointed by President
Cleveland under the latter's second term, and now, by unanimous con-
sent, fills the same position as the appointee of President McKinley.
This long service shows the appreciation of the citizens of Wellesley,
irrespective of party. Mr. Sawyer stands in the unique position of
holding the office of Postmaster continuously in four consecutive ad-
ministrations, retaining the respect and confidence of all who know
him.
Mr. Sawyer served the town of Wellesley as one of the Board of Se-
lectmen, and has been active in town affairs and in the business life of
his adopted home. He has carried on quite a business in local real
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 303
estate and has built several houses in Wellesley. He belongs to the
Masonic order, being a member of Meridian Lodge, F. and A. M., of
Natick, Mass., of Parker Royal Arch Chapter, of Natick, and of Natick
Commandery cf Knights Templars. He is also a member of Sincerity
Lodge, I. O. O. F., of which he is Past Grand, and which he has repre-
sented in the Grand Lodge. He is a member, also, of the Royal Arca-
num, and Treasurer of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, of which he
was for some years one of the Wardens.
In 1876 Mr. Sawyer married Elizabeth Ellen, daughter of Hon. Will-
iam Flagg, late of Wellesley, Mass.
ROWN, JAMES, born in Pawtucket, R. I., then in Massa-
chusetts, December 8, 1838, is the son of James S. and Sarah
P. (Gridley) Brown. The family is of Welsh extraction
and came to New England at an early period.
Mr. Brown was educated in the public schools and the University
Grammar School of Providence, and took his place in his father's
shops as a youth. The elder Brown was a manufacturer of cotton and
cordage machinery, and James Brown continues in the business, which
employs from 150 to 200 hands. He has been a member of the Paw-
tucket Republican City Committee, was a member of the Common
Council in 1888-91, and was elected Mayor in 1893, serving one term.
He also served as a member of the Council of the town of North
Providence for several years.
In 1864 Mr. Brown was married to Susan A. Aldrich, of Uxbridge,
Mass. He has three children : Ruth S., Alice J., and James S.
ORDEN, SIMEON, for thirty-two years the efficient Clerk of
the Courts of Bristol County, Mass., was born at Fall River,
in that county, March 29, 1829, and died there on the 9th of
March, 1898. He was the son of Nathaniel B. and Sarah
(Gray) Borden and a lineal descendant in the eighth generation of
Richard Borden, who came from England in 1635 and settled at Ports-
mouth, R. I. The family has been very prominent in Rhode Island
and Southeastern Massachusetts for more than two hundred and fifty
years.
304 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Borden was a life-long- resident of Fall River. Receiving his pre-
liminary education in the public schools, he entered Harvard College
and was graduated therefrom with honor in 1850. Subsequently he
devoted most of his time to official duties, which he discharged with
singular fidelity and ability. He was a member of the Fall River
Common Council for two years and its President one year, a member
of the Board of Aldermen seven years, City Solicitor of Fall River two
years, and a member of the Masachusetts House of Representatives
two terms. His principal office, however, was that of Clerk of the
Courts of Bristol County, which he held continuously from 1864 to
1896, when he resigned and was succeeded by his son, Simeon Borden,
Jr. Being a lawyer by profession, Mr. Borden gained special distinc-
tion as clerk of the courts. He was also a trustee of the Fall River
Public Library for seventeen years, a member of the Sinking Fund
Commission, and a trustee of the Fall River Savings Bank and of the
State Lunatic Hospital at Taunton.
ATSON, EDWIN LUCIUS, of Worcester, was born in Spen-
cer, Mass., January 22, 1841, the son of Lory Sprague Wat-
son and Melutable Luther, his wife. His father was for
many years a successful manufacturer of cards in Leicester,
Mass., and died in 1898, aged eighty-four, having given to that town
its handsome Public Library building..
Edwin L. Watson was educated in the public schools of Leicester
and at Leicester Academy, and for twenty-five years was the manager
of the business of the L. S. Watson Manufacturing Company, of which
he is now President. He is also officially connected with the Worcester
and Suburban Street Railway Company and with the Rawson Light
and Power Company, and as a business man is widely known for his
ability, sound judgment, and integrity.
Mr. Watson has always been an ardent Republican, and for many
years a prominent member of the Republican Town Committee and a
part of the time was its Chairman. With this exception he has never
accepted political preferment, though constantly urged to do so, his
extensive business interests demanding his whole time and attention.
As a member and chairman of the local committee, however, he has
rendered valuable service to the party, and is justly recognized as one
of its ablest leaders.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 305
In 1869 Mr. Watson married Louesa Maria Cogswell, who died in
1893, leaving one son, Walter Cogswell Watson. In 1896 he married
Ehoda Mitchell Lawson, his present wife.
AYNES, TILLY, who lias been identified with the control and
management of large hotel properties in Springfield, Bos-
ton, and New York for over thirty years, is one of the best
known men in the country. He has been no less prominent
in public affairs, and since he cast his first vote lias been an active mem-
ber first of the old Whig and later of its successor, the Republican,
party, devoting a large portion of his time to the public service. Mr.
Haynes was an original Daniel Webster Whig, and later with Wilson,
Phillips, and the old leaders of the progressive elements joined the
Republican party at its birth, and has always been identified with
whatever was best in National, State, and municipal affairs. He is a
descendant of two of the noted families of New England that have
made this famous section of America illustrious. His direct ancestry
is traced back on the parent stem to Walter Haynes, an Englishman,
who came to America in 1035 from Salisbury, County Wilts. Landing
in Boston, he secured a grant of land, where he settled with his wife
Elizabeth and five children, and afterwards organized and founded
the town of Sudbury, Mass. He was a man of superior intelligence and
ability, and occupied an honored and prominent position in public
affairs. His descendants were worthy of their sire, as seventeen of that
name are recorded as serving in the Indian, French, and Revolutionary
Wars. Joshua Haynes, grandfather of Tilly Haynes, was a member of
the Sudbury company of Brewer's regiment and was killed at the
Battle of Bunker Hill. The direct maternal ancestry of Mr. Haynes is
traced to William Hunt, also an Englishman, who came to America in
1635 and was one of the founders of Concord, Mass.
Tilly Haynes was born in Sudbury, Middlesex County, Mass., Feb-
ruary 13, 1828, his parents being Lyman and Caroline (Hunt) Haynes.
Lyman Haynes was a well-known citizen of Billerica, where he moved
in 1832, becoming the proprietor of the Old Stage Tavern on the great
road from Boston to Lowell. Here Tilly Haynes was reared, attend-
ing the public schools until 1842, when he began his business career
as a clerk in a country store at North Reading, on a salary of twenty
dollars for the first year. This sum was doubled the next year and he
was entrusted with the purchase of goods. In 1844 the new city of
306
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Lawrence was started and Mr. Haynes became a clerk in the store of
Josiah Crosby, who opened the first general store there. In April,
1849, Mr. Haynes went to Springfield, Mass., and began business upon
his own account, opening up a small store for the sale of men's furnish-
ing goods. In two years' time he had so enlarged his trade that he was
compelled to add two adjoining stores, and continued a successful busi-
TILLY HAYNES.
ness in this line for several years. Mr. Haynes also became a leading
spirit in other enterprises in Springfield, being one of the original
stockholders in the Indian Orchard Mills, and, with others, engaging
in the manufacture of buttons, flax machines, and sewing machines.
In 1854 he began his building operations by erecting the round block
on State street and in 1857 a larger business block in which was con-
tained the first music hall and theatre in Springfield. In 1864 this was
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 307
totally destroyed by fire, wiping out the entire savings of years. Mr.
Haynes Avas at this critical period seriously considering an offer from
his old friend, P. T. Barnum, to go to New York and become associated
with the Barnum interests there, but the capitalists of Springfield
decided he was of more value to their city and loaned him one hundred
thousand dollars to rebuild. This was consummated within twelve
months and the present Music Hall and Haynes Hotel was opened to
the public in 1SG6. The hotel was considered at this time to be too far
" down town." and he was forced to assume its management and es-
tablished a most gratifying success from its inception.
In 1853 Mr. Haynes married Martha C., daughter of Archelaus and
Elizabeth (Hackett) Eaton, of Salisbury, Mass., who was a valuable
helpmeet to him, and who materially aided him in his business affairs.
For ten years he continued the management of the business. He was
bereaved by the death of his wife in 1876 and decided to retire from
business and disposed of his property. After spending some time in
travel he found that the active business habits acquired in his former
life would not allow him to lead an aimless, idle existence, and he there-
fore accepted the management of the old United States Hotel in Bos-
ton. The property at this period was in a deplorable condition, and
when, in 1880, Mr. Haynes assumed its direction, the outlook was far
from promising. His vigorous personality, and his large acquaintance
with the traveling public and with men of affairs, soon manifested
their effects, and after his first lease of two years had expired he took
a new one for ten years. He is still (1899) the manager of the com-
pany, and the fame and success of the house is noted all over the United
States. The hotel has been remodeled, refurnished, and enlarged from
year to year, and is now considered one of the best paying properties
of its class in New England. The success of Mr. Haynes in the de-
velopment of the United States Hotel, of Boston, induced the executors
of the Higgins estate, owners of the old Grand Central Hotel of New-
York City, to offer him the management of that, at one time, famous
old hostelry. In 1892 he assumed control of that house, reconstructing,
refurnishing, and modernizing the structure, and as the BroadAvay Cen-
tral Hotel it started upon a new era of prosperity and is now one of the
few paying hotel properties in New York. Mr. Haynes directs per-
sonally the management of both houses, dividing his time between
them.
He served in the first city government of Springfield and from that
city was sent to the Massachusetts Legislature for the years 18G7, 1869,
and 1870. The first year he was Chairman of the Committee on Ke-
building the State House and a member of the Sewerage and Railroad
308 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Committees, and during his second term served on the Committees
on Penal Institutes, Hospitals, and Railroads. He was elected,
also from that district, to the Senate in 1875 and re-elected in
1877. During- these terms of office he was Chairman of the Railroad
Committee and a member of the Treasury, Railroad, Penal Institu-
tions, and Sewerage Committees. In 1878 he was elected a member
of the Executive Council and re-elected in 1879, serving under the ad-
ministrations of Governors Rice and Talbot. While a member of the
Council he was Chairman of the Committees on Finance and Pardons
and a member of the Committees on Penal Institutions and Public
Asylums. He has also served the city of Boston as Alderman from
Ward 7 for one term. But the most valuable services that Mr. Haynes
has rendered the people of his Commonwealth, and one in which he
takes pardonable pride, is his connection with the Metropolitan Sew-
erage Commission of the State. He was appointed the first member
of the commission in 1889 by Governor Oliver Ames, an old personal
friend. His general business experience and sound judgment have
been of inestimable value to the board. He has served the commis-
sion most faithfully from the date of his appointment until the present
time, and his rugged constitution bids fair to allow him many more
years of public usefulness. Mr. Haynes is a member of the Home Mar-
ket Club and the Massachusetts Republican Club, and one of the pub-
lic spirited citizens of the Commonwealth whose absolute integrity has
fairly entitled him to his ancestral motto, " Labor and Honor."
LANEY, OSGOOD CHANDLER, United States Assistant
Appraiser, Port of Boston, is the son of Irving Blaney and
Annette Chandler, and was born January 20, 1860, in
Boston, Mass., where he has always resided. His father
was a carpenter, and descended from a Puritan family who came from
England to Swampscott, Mass., in 1642. His mother's ancestors also
came from England, settling in Roxbury in 1637.
Mr. Blaney acquired a good education in the Boston public schools,
and for several years has been connected in business with the well-
known firm of C. C. Blaney & Co., metal refiners. His promi-
nence and activity in the Republican party dates from the time he
cast his first vote. He was a member of the Republican City Com-
mittee of Boston for seven years, was elected to the Boston Common
Council in 1890, was appointed in charge of the Sealing of Weights
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 309
and Measures Department of the city by Mayor Curtis in 1895 add
served two years, and was twice elected to the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture, serving in the sessions of 1897 and 1898. During both terms he
was chairman of the Committee on Election Laws and a member of
the committee appointed to codify those laws. April 1, 1898, Mr.
Blaney was appointed United States Assistant Appraiser for the Port
of Boston, which office he now holds. He is a member of the Odd
Fellows, of the Chickatawbut Club, and of the North Dorchester Ke-
publican Club.
August 3, 1882, he married Eleanor Kieser, of Boston, and they have
one son, Walter Clifton Blaney.
HITCOMB, GEORGE HENRY, born at Templeton, Worces-
ter County, Mass., September 26, 1842, is the son of David
and Margaret (Cummings) Whitcomb. His paternal im-
migrant ancestor came from England about 1630 and set-
tled at Lancaster, Mass., but afterward the family was established at
Hillsborough and Hancock, N. H. Abner Whitcomb, the grandfather
of George H., died at the latter place in 1810. On the maternal side
the Cummings and Ames families were also settled at Hancock and
were represented in the Revolutionary army.
G. Henry Whitcomb was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover,
and was graduated from Amherst College in 1864. After leaving col-
lege he began active life as a manufacturer of envelopes at Worcester.
The business was conducted as the G. Henry Whitcomb Bay State En-
velope Company, 1864-66; as G. Henry Whitcomb & Co., 1866-84; and as
the Whitcomb Envelope Company, 1884-98. It is now a division of the
United States Envelope Company.
Mr. Whitcomb has always been an active Republican, but has never
consented to hold office except as a member of the Worcester School
Board. He has, however, frequently represented his party as a dele-
gate to city and State conventions and as a member of the Republican
City Committee. He is connected with the Equitable Securities
Company, New York; is president of the Standard Cattle Company
and the Worcester and Marlboro Electric Railway Company ; and is a
director in the Massachusetts Loan and Trust Company, Boston, and
the United States Oil Company, Boston. He is a trustee of Amherst
College, Mt. Holyoke College, and the Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
In church work (Congregational) he has always taken an active part.
310 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
His uncle, John Boynton, in 1865, gave $100,000 to found the Worcester
County Free Institute of Industrial Science, of which David Whitcomb
was the first treasurer and a member of the Board of Trustees. Mr.
Whitcomb succeeded his father upon the Board on David Whitcomb's
death.
In 1865 Mr. Whitcomb was married to Abbie Estabrook, of Dayton,
Ohio. They have seven children : Frank Cumniings, Henry Estabrook,
Annie Boynton, Emma Caroline, Margaret, David, and Ernest Miller.
NNES, CHARLES HILLER, was born in Boston, Mass.,
August 7, 1868, and is the son of Charles E. and Alice M.
(Ililler) Innes. He is of Scotch extraction, and was ed-
ucated in the public schools of Boston and at the Boston
University, and was graduated from the Boston University Law School
and admitted to the bar in 1892.
Mr. Innes began his political career in 1896, when he was elected
a member of the Boston Common Council. He has been twice elected
a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1897-98),
serving on the Committees on Railroads and the Judiciary. He is the
author of a bill to provide for a State Board of Bar Examiners and
of a bill establishing the State Aid Department for the City of Boston,
both of which are now laws. He also framed a bill to provide two
polling places for caucuses in large wards and to prohibit the use of
the names of national parties on the ballots at city and town elections.
He is a member of the First Corps Cadets, the Royal Arcanum, and the
Boston Bar Association. He is unmarried.
OVERING, WILLIAM CROADE, who was, in November,
1898, re-elected to Congress from the Twelfth District of
Massachusetts, is one of the noted men of affairs in New
England. As an inventor, manufacturer, financier, public
speaker, and thorough student of economic subjects he has done much
to advance the prosperity of his section, and to elevate the business man
in the public service of the State and Nation. He was born at Woon-
socket, R. I., February 25, 1835, and is the son of a famous old-time man-
ufacturer, Willard Levering, who did much to advance the prosperity
of Taunton, of which city he became a resident in 1836. Willard Lover-
*»
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ing became the manager of the Whittenton Mills the same year he
moved to Taunton and filled that position until the failure of the com-
pany operating- them in 1857. The following year, with his sons, he
purchased the mills and subsequently enlarged them, adding much
new improved machinery, and successfully operating them until 1864,
when failing health compelled him to abandon active business life.
His sons, Charles L., William C., and Henry M. Lovering, then assumed
the active management. Mr. Lovering served several terms in the State
Legislature, was President of the Taunton Branch Railroad and of the
Taunton Savings Bank, arid was connected with nearly all of the public
movements inaugurated to benefit the community in wrhich he lived.
Throughout his entire life he maintained a character of unblemished
integrity. His first wife was Susan Longhead, daughter of Charles
Thompson Longhead, of Warren, R. I. Their children were Charles L.
and AVilliam C. Mr. Lovering was subsequently married to a second
wife, the daughter of Governor Marcus Morton, of Massachusetts.
Henry M. Lovering was born from this union.
William C. Lovering obtained his early education in the public
schools of Taunton and at the Cambridge High School and Hopkins
Classical School of that city. At an early age he entered business life
in his father's office, beginning as a clerk, and subsequent!}1 going
through all the various departments until he became proficient in every
operation carried on in the mill. Of an inventive turn of mind, and
with a mechanical skill which would have made his mark in that spe-
cial field, he has used his talents in bringing the Whittenton Mills to a
high state of perfection. Mr. Lovering's special field has been the pre-
paration of new designs for cotton goods, and he has probably invented
and organized more varieties of fabrics than any other man in America.
In the pursuit of knowledge for this work he has visited European
markets, and the styles which he has produced have received the sin-
cerest flattery of his competitors as shown by their constant imitation.
Perhaps the greatest successes have been attained in the line of fancy
cottons, and here his long experience and excellent taste find full ex-
pression. Since his father's retirement a third of a century ago, Mr.
Lovering has been President and chief manager of the Whittenton
Manufacturing Company, which is one of the most prosperous corpo-
rations in the State. Mr. Lovering was the projector of the Taunton
Street Railway, started in 1868, and served as its President until it was
sold to the present company. This was before the days of electric
roads, and horse railways were somewhat in the nature of an experi-
ment. Not all of his manufacturing ability has been confined to the
mills of which he is the manager. He started the Elizabeth Poole
Mills of Taunton, and is now President of that successful corporation.
3] 2 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
His position in the manufacturing world naturally brought him into
prominence with his associates. For several years he was President of
the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association, and until very
recently President of the Arkwright Club. The latter organization
is made up of the treasurers of all of the large corporations in New-
England, and represents capital of over f 50,000,000. He was the origi-
nator and is President of the American Mutual Liability Insurance
Company, which now has insurance in force covering nearly $75,000,-
000 in pay rolls. He is a member and also an officer of the Home Mar-
ket Club.
When the call to arms was made in 1861, Mr. Lovering went to the
front with the Second Massachusetts Brigade as engineer. Later he
assumed the duties of quartermaster. His term of service covered the
period of only three months, during which time he saw active service,
but was taken seriously ill, and finally obliged to go home. The fear
of a recurrence of the trouble brought on at the time prevented his
carrying out his patriotic desires and returning to his command.
His first public office was that of a member of the State Senate, to
which he was elected in 1874, and was re-elected the following year.
In the Senate he served as Chairman of the Committees on Manufac-
tures and Water Supply and Drainage. From the vantage ground of
this latter office he saw clearly the need of the city of Taunton for pure
and wholesome water. His views on this subject were expressed in a
vigorous article published in a city paper, stating in exact and forcible
language his views on the subject. In the preparation of the water act,
which enabled the city to carry out the desires of the majority of the
inhabitants, his services were invaluable. While he was in the Senate
the famous Surnner resolutions wrere brought up, and Mr. Lovering
took an active part in having them rescinded. He had been suggested
as a suitable candidate for member of Congress on several occasions,
but invariably declined until the fall of 1896, when, after Congressman
Morse decided not to be a candidate, he allowed his name to be used.
He was elected to Congress from the Twelfth District, receiving a larger
majority than any other Congressman in the State. In an editorial on
" Mr. Lovering's Triumph," the Boston Journal voiced the sentiments
of the entire State :
" It can be said of Mr. Lovering that he is an ideal candidate for the
present time and present conditions. The Twelfth District is one
of the chief manufacturing regions of Massachusetts. Mr. Lovering
is one of the Bay State's foremost manufacturers. He has not only a
thorough familiarity with large business methods and business princi-
ples, but he has marked fitness for public affairs, and an excellent
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 313
equipment both by personal temperament and by education for a high
place in the public service.
" It is just now particularly fortunate that the Twelfth District has
an opportunity to send a Representative of this type to Washington.
The currency and the tariff are the two dominant issues of the cam-
paign. They are both essentially business questions. Mr. Lovering,
as he has already shown, is peculiarly well qualified to discuss them
both, and to take a strong part in moulding into legislation the .sound
opinions on both issues which are held by the great majority of his
constituents. Beyond all this, Mr. Lovering is a gentleman of culture
and of a winning personality, — in short, a man of the well-rounded
and ripened character which the best of our Representatives have been
from the days of the Adamses down — the kind of a man that Massa-
chusetts has most delighted to send to Washington. The Twelfth Dis-
trict, of course, is safely, even overwhelmingly, Republican, but the
unanimity with which Mr. Lovering's nomination was made signified
the compliment of a tremendous vote in his first election."
Mr. Lovering was appointed by Speaker Reed a member of the Com-
mittees on Patents and Interstate and Foreign Commerce. He is well
adapted by training and experience for a position on both of these
committees. In religious life he is an Episcopalian, and was for many
years Senior Warden of St. Thomas's Church of Taunton. He was a
delegate to the Chicago convention which nominated President Gar-
field, although he himself was a staunch supporter of George F. Ed-
munds for the presidency. At the Republican State Convention in
1892 Mr. Levering was chosen presiding officer. His speech on that
occasion Avas given a most favorable reception, and received exceed-
ingly complimentary mention from the press, not only of the State but
of the Nation at large. Speaking of the tone and spirit of the speech,
the Philadelphia Press, the leading Republican paper of Pennsylvania,
said : " It proves that the Republican party can still look for the
leadership and inspiring example which it has been accustomed to
receive in the past. The party can never go far wrong in whose ranks
are gathered the best heart and brain of the community, whose polit-
ical standards are as high as those of Massachusetts are known to be."
This was a handsome compliment to Massachusetts and to Mr. Lover-
ing. It was a felicitous thought to make so fine a type of the business
man of the State the presiding officer of the convention, and his course
fully justified the action of his associates. During the national cam-
paign of 1896 Mr. Lovering was called upon on various occasions to
speak on the stump. One of his most notable speeches was delivered
at Bath, Me. Though the Boston Herald could not agree with him, it
still had some very kindly words for the opinions expressed :
314 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
" We do not agree with Mr. Levering in his views concerning tariff
changes. When he turns his attention to the question of the currency,
he takes, and what is more he maintains, advanced but thoroughly
logical grounds. Bimetallism is, in his opinion, ' an impossibility.'
' By a law as immutable,' he says, ' as the law of gravitation, it must
be the one or the other. It cannot at any time be both.' This we hold
to be thoroughly logical ground to take, but, unfortunately, it has not
always been possible to induce politicians to take it, for they have be-
lieved that their political interests rested in deceiving, or, as it might
be termed, ' jollying,' the people Avho have in some way become infected
with the silver craze. It is on that account desirable to have Massa-
chusetts represented in Congress by a man who in these respects has the
courage of his convictions. The gold standard is the only standard of
the great commercial nations of the world, and it might just as well be
accepted now as later on that bimetallism, either national or inter-
national, is, as Mr. Levering says, an i impossibility.' '
In 1898 Mr. Levering was unanimously re-nominated for a second
term in Congress and at the ensuing election in November was elected
by a large plurality. He possesses a genial and cultivated personality,
and is in the prime of physical and intellectual life. He has absorbed
a vast field of knowledge by judicious study, by travel, and by associa-
tion with large commercial and financial enterprises, and is a fluent
writer and speaker. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has no more
devoted or patriotic public servant.
Mr. Levering was married June 9, 1863, to Mary Loring, daughter of
Albert E. Swasey, formerly purser of the United States Navy. Mrs.
Lovering's brother was Lieutenant Charles Swasey, who was on the
steamer Varuna, which was lost in the battles round New Orleans
after she had sunken six Confederate gunboats; later he was killed on
board the Sciota. Mr. Levering has three daughters: Ruth, now
Mrs. Henry Brinton Coxe, Jr., of Philadelphia, and Alice and Frances
Levering. Mrs. Levering died September 4, 1881.
AVIS, WILLIAM WARREN, born in Cambridge, Mass., Au-
gust 8, 1862, is the son of William Davis, a dealer in crock-
ery and glassware, and Adelia Carter, his wife. He is of
Welsh stock, which, since early Colonial times, has been
identified with the history and growth of the country, his original an-
cestors coming from Wales about 1630.
Educated in the High School in Cambridge, Mr. Davis first started
as traveling salesman for a woolen house, subsequently changing to the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 315
stationery firm of William W. Davis & Co. In 1880 he became man-
ager of the Norfolk House in Boston, Mass., a position which he still
holds.
He has always been a staunch supporter of the Republican party, and
of recent years has been prominent in both local and State affairs. In
189-1 he served in the Boston Common Council. In 1895 and 1896 he
was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and in 1897
and 1898 he was sent to the Massachusetts Senate. His special work
in the Legislature has been in connection with insurance and election
laws, on both of which committees he has served with distinction. Mr.
Davis is treasurer of the Oak Grove Farm Ice Cream Company and
secretary of the Massachusetts Hotel Association. He is a member of
many clubs and societies, including the Jamaica, Lincoln Republican,
Dudley, and Middlesex Clubs, the Royal Arcanum, Home Circle, and
various Masonic bodies. He has two children: Dorothy and Mar-
guerite.
ARRIS, ROBERT ORR, District Attorney for the counties of
Norfolk and Phrmouth, Massachusetts, was born in Boston,
November 8, 1854, the son of Benjamin Winslow Harris
and Julia Anne Orr. His father was one of the most dis-
tinguished lawyers in Massachusetts, and for ten years (1873-83)
represented the Second (now Twelfth) District in Congress. His pa-
ternal ancestor, Arthur Harris, came to Duxbury from England in
1630, and on his mother's side he is descended from Hugh Orr, who
emigrated from Scotland to this country in 1732.
Receiving a primary education in the public schools of East Bridge-
water, Mass., Mr. Harris prepared for college at Chauncey Hall School
in Boston, at the Boston Latin School, and at Phillips Exeter Academy
in New Hampshire, and was graduated from Harvard University in
1877. He then read law at the Boston University Law School and in
his father's office, and since his admission to the Plymouth County
bar, March 4, 1879, has successfully practiced his profession in his
native State. As a Republican Mr. Harris-- has been active and influen-
tial in politics during the last twenty years. He was a member of the
Massachusetts Legislature in 18S9 and a delegate to the National Re-
publican Convention of 1896, and in 1892 was elected District Attorney
of Norfolk and Plymouth Counties, which office he still holds, hav-
ing been re-elected in 1895 and 1898. In 1896 he declined a nomination
for Congress, which, in his district, is equivalent to an election. Mr.
Harris is an able lawyer, a faithful public officer, a recognized leader
316 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of his party, and a man widely respected and esteemed. He has long
had an extensive law practice, especially as counsel for various electric
railways in southeastern Massachusetts, and is a member of the Univer-
sity Club of Boston.
April 21, 1880, he married, in Newport, E. I., Miss Josephine D. Gor-
ton, and their children are Anne Winslow, Alice Orr, Elizabeth Ca-
hoone, Louise Chiltou, and Grace Howland Harris. They reside in East
Bridgewater, Plymouth County, Mass.
ATCHELDEB, ALFBED TBASK, successful lawyer, ex-
Mayor of Keene, and now serving his second term as chair-
man of the most important committee in the State Legis-
lature— the Judiciary, — has achieved an honorable station
in public life and in the political affairs of New Hampshire. He was
born in Sunapee, N. H., February 26, 1844, and is a son of Nathaniel
and Sarah (Trask) Batchelder. The Batchelder family is one of the
oldest in New England, and the branch to which he belongs had its
origin in John Batchelder, who came from England to America
and settled in Beverly, Mass. Mr. Batchelder is of the eighth
generation, in line of descent, from this John Batchelder. His great-
grandfather was commander of a ship in 1750, when Beverly was a
flourishing seaport town. His son, Zachariah, settled in Sunapee late
in the eighteenth century, engaging in business pursuits, and here
Nathaniel Batchelder, father of Alfred T., was born. He was a suc-
cessful farmer, a man of affairs, and one of the most influential resi-
dents of his time, giving his children the benefits of a good education
and bequeathing to them an honored name. His wife was a member
of the well-known Trask family, who were also prominent in the early
settlement of Beverly.
Alfred T. Batchelder received a superior education, attending the
district schools of his native town, and having the further advantages
of the New London Academy, where he was trained for a collegiate
course. He entered Dartmouth College in 1867, and was graduated
therefrom with the class of 1871. After leaving college he entered the
law office of Hon. William Henry H. Allen, of Claremont, Judge of the
Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and commenced the study of his
chosen profession. Subsequently he continued his studies in the office
of Ira Colby, of the same place, under whose tutelage and instruction
he remained until 1873, when, in September, he was admitted to prac-
tice, and also admitted as an associate with his old preceptor. This
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
317
connection continued nnlil 1877, when Mr. Batchelder removed to
Keene and formed an association with the late Francis A. Faulkner
and his son, Francis C. Faulkner, under the firm name of Faulkner
& Ratchelder. Mr. Faulkner, the senior member, died May 22, 1879,
since which time Mr. Batchelder and Francis C. Faulkner have con-
tinued the partnership, and established one of the most flourishing
legal practices in the State. Mr. Batchelder is not only deeply en-
ALFRED T. BATCHELDER.
grossed in his profession, but his energetic nature has led him to
engage in many other business enterprises of trust and responsibility.
He has been president of the Cheshire Provident Institution for Sav-
ings, the Impervious Packing Company, the C. B. Lancaster Shoe
Company, and the Stoddard Lumber Company. He has also served as
a director in the Emerson Paper Company of Sunapee and of the
318 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Ashuelot and Keene National Banks. He was appointed to succeed
Judge Allen, Register of Bankruptcy, under the National Banking
Law, and served in that capacity for several years. He was the general
attorney for the Cheshire Railroad Company from 1879 until it was
consolidated with the Fitchburg system.
Mr. Bachelder has been an active Republican since he cast his first
vote for General Grant in 1868. He was elected and served as Mayor
of the city of Keene during the years of 1885 and 1886, and has always
been zealous in serving his party, although not an aspirant for public
office. In 1896 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and,
upon the convening of that body in 1897, his superior legal ability
was recognized by his appointment as chairman of the Committee on
Judiciary. In 1898 he was renominated by acclamation and re-elected
for a second term, and was again appointed by the Speaker of the
House to the chairmanship of his old committee. Mr. Batchelder is
one of the hardest workers and most conscientious members of the
Legislature, and has established an enviable record both as the execu-
tive officer of his committee and as a member on the floor of the House.
His genial personality and courteous manners have made him one of
the most popular and esteemed public officials in the service of the
State. Mr. Batchelder is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member
of the minor bodies and a Knight Templar in Hugh De Payen Com-
mandery. He is also a member of the AVentworth and Bicycle Clubs
of Keene.
Mr. Batchelder was married, April 24, 1879, to Miss Alice H., daugh-
ter of Peter B. and Mary II. llayward, of Keene. They have two
sons.
EWANDO, JOSEPH, merchant, of Wolfboro, X. H., was born
in Boston, Mass., December 3, 1850, and is the son of Adolph
and Emily (Smith) Lewando. He received his early edu-
cation in the Chauncey Hall School, Boston, and at the
Highland Military Academy in Worcester, Mass., and attended the
chemical department of the Lawrence Scientific School at Cambridge
during the years 1869 and 1870. His father had established at Water-
town, Mass., the Lewando Dye Works, for the supervision and charge
of which the son was trained. In 1870 he took charge and held the posi-
tion for five years, when, the business not being to his liking, he re-
moved to Mount Tabor, Oregon, where he engaged in general merchan-
dise for eight years, establishing the first store in that place. He con-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 319
ducted a most successful business, and was largely interested in real
estate in the town. In 1879 he established the postoffice at Mount
Tabor, receiving his appointment as Postmaster from Postmaster-Gen-
eral Key. In 1883 he returned East and settled in Wolfboro, where he
conducts a general mercantile business.
He was for three years in the New Hampshire National Guard as
Captain of Company K, Third Regiment, and a member of the State
Legislature in 1897 and 1899, serving in 1897 as Chairman of the Com-
mittee on Mileage and as a member of the Committee on Banks and in
1899 as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. In politics Mr.
Lewando has always been a Republican. He was an alternate to the
National Republican Convention at Minneapolis in 1892, and during
the past fifteen years has held various offices in his adopted town. He
is a member of Morning Star Lodge, No. 17, Ancient Free and Ac-
cepted Masons, of Carrol Chapter, No. 23, Royal Arch Masons, and of
St. Paul Commandery, Knights Templars, of Dover, N. H.
Mr. Lewando was married September 10, 1875, to Nellie J. Morgan.
They have two children : Alice C. and Dolph.
ICKINSON, WATSON AUGUSTUS, of Lowell, Mass., was
born in Hill, N. H., August 15, 1842, and is the son of Amos
Dickinson, a prominent farmer and influential citizen, who,
for four years, from 1852 to 1856, was a member of the New
Hampshire Legislature. His mother was Huldah S. Dickinson.
Mr. Dickinson Avas educated in the schools of New Hampshire and
New York State, and took charge of his father's farm until nineteen
years of age, when he removed to Boston and for fifteen years was en-
gaged in the wholesale clothing business. In 1876 he changed his
business to hay, grain, and mill supplies, in which he has since con-
tinued.
He has always maintained an influential position in the Republican
party. He was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen in Lowell
in 1893, 1894, and 1895, during which time he served as Chairman of
the Committees on Fire Department and Lighting. lie is a member
of many clubs and societies, including the Highland, Lowell, Vesper,
and Country Clubs, and the Home Market ;md the Middlesex Clubs of
Boston. He is also a member of the Royal Arcanum and a 32d degree
Mason.
December 19, 1872, Mr. Dickinson married Ella J., daughter of Hon.
B. F. Sargeant, of Nashua, N. H.
320 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ERNALD, BENJAMIN MARVIN, of Boston, was born in
Great Falls, X. H., in 1847, and is the son of Benjamin
Ayres Fernald and of English ancestry. He was educated
at Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard College, having
passed his early life on a farm. Upon leaving college he read law and
was admitted to the bar in 1873. Locating in Boston, with his resi-
dence at Melrose, Mass., he has since practiced his profession as a mem-
ber of the firm of Wiggin & Fernald.
In 1881 and 1882 Mr. Fernald was a member of the House of Repre-
sentatives of Massaclmsetts from Melrose, and in 1891 and 1892 he was
elected to the State Senate. In the Senate he was chairman of the
Judiciary Committee, and in 1892 was chairman of a special committee
appointed by the Legislature to revise the judicial system of the Com-
monwealth. Mr. Fernald is treasurer of the Fells Ice Company and
president of the Braintree Red Granite Company.
In 1874 he married Grace, daughter of Richard F. Fuller, of Boston,
and has two children : Ethel and Margaret. Paul, a son, died in his
second year.
VANS, GEORGE SYLVANUS, born in Cardigan, Wales,
September 12, 1841, is the son of William and Elizabeth
(Thomas) Evans, and came to Montreal, Canada, when
only eight years of age. He remained there twelve years.
He was educated in the schools of Cardigan, Wales, and Montreal,
P. Q.
Mr. Evans learned the printer's trade on the Montreal Pilot, and sub-
sequently worked as a compositor with the Riverside Press and Univer-
sity Press at Cambridge, Mass. In December, 1863, he enlisted in the
Fifty-sixth Massachusetts Volunteers for three years, and participated
in all the battles of the Army of the Potomac from the Wilderness to
Appomattox. In 1873 he was appointed a clerk in the Railway Mail
Service, becoming chief clerk in 1884. He was removed for political
reasons under President Cleveland's first administration. In 1889 he
was appointed Postofflce Inspector in charge of the New England Di-
vision, removed in 1893, and reinstated in 1897.
Mr. Evans was elected a member of the Massachusetts House of
Representatives in 1896 and re-elected in 1897. He was a leader of
the Union veterans in the House and took a prominent part in the
debates on many important questions. He was especially active in
securing an appropriation of $50,000 for equestrian statues to General
Joseph Hooker and General Nathaniel P. Banks. He was instrumen-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 321
tal in establishing the Soldiers' Home in Massachusetts and has been
secretary of the Board of Trustees for the last twelve years.
In 1868 Mr. Evans married Emma Frances Cooledge, of Hillsbor-
ough, N. H. Their children are Louisa C., Mabel A., Ethel P., William
H., and George A.
LOUGH, WILLIAM KOCKWELL, is one of the prominent
members of the New Hampshire Legislature and a leader of
the Republican party in his district. He was born in Alton,
N. H., November 8, 1844, and is a son of John Chesley and
Lydia (Treddick) Clough. His father was a native of Alton, a farmer's
son, and subsequently a cabinet maker and interior decorator. He
was prominent in local affairs and represented the town of Alton two
terms in the Legislature in 1872 arid 1873.
William 11. Clough was reared in Alton, attending the public schools
and subsequently Franklin Academy at Dover, N. H. While a student
at the latter place he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth Massachusetts
Volunteer Infantry, as a private. After a year of active service,
during which his regiment was in various engagements, the principal
one being the siege and capture of Port Hudson, he was mustered out
at the expiration of his term of enlistment in August, 1863. Returning
to his home, he saw the desirability of a commercial education, and en-
tered the celebrated Eastman Business College of Poughkeepsie and
obtained the thorough training so necessary for the conduct of success-
ful business enterprises. He began his active career as a clerk for
O. T. Taylor, of Boston, subsequently becoming a bookkeeper for a
leather firm of the same city, with whom he remained three years. He
then secured a position as expert accountant in the Internal Revenue
service at Boston, where he was engaged one year.
At this period, in 1875, he invented the wire corkscrew for medicine
bottles and started to manufacture the goods in Newark, N. J., with
offices in New York City. He continued the manufacture of wire
goods there until 1892, when he removed to his old home in Alton,
N. H., where he has since resided and personally conducts his manu-
facturing business, making from 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 corkscrews,
annually, by automatic machinery which he had perfected. Mr. Clough
has been very successful in all his business enterprises, as he has always
given his interests his personal attention. He is a member of the Home
Market Club of Mas'sachusetts, and was one of the Reception Commit-
tee at the banquet given by the club in honor of President McKinley
322
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
in Boston, February 16, 1899, the greatest and most successful function
of its kind ever given in America.
Mr. Clough has ever been an earnest Eepublican, but had no thought
nor ambition for public life. His entrance into public affairs was the
outcome of unforeseen events which transpired at a political meeting
held in Manchester, at which William J. Bryan, the Democratic nomi-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 323
nee for the presidency, was to be speaker. Mr. Clough attended the
meeting, and, without premeditation, suddenly, in the midst of the
speech, asked Mr. Bryan a question. This evidently changed the cur-
rent of Mr. Bryan's remarks, and his speech lost the effect intended,
as he devoted a greater portion of his time to Mr. Clough instead of his
audience. As an outcome of this event, Mr. Clough wrote an article
stating his position in such terms that they were most favorably re-
ceived, and it was copied in many of the leading newspapers. The
people of his district thought that his abilities deserved a wider scope
of usefulness, and elected him to the Legislature for the term of 1897-98.
In the fall of 1898 he was re-elected and is now serving his second term.
Mr. Clough, although a new member, has developed traits of leaders-hip
and is one of the most useful members of the House. He has served as
Chairman of the Committee on National Affairs during both sessions,
and is a member of the Committee on Counties.
While a resident of New York City, Mr. Clough joined the Ninth
Regiment of the N. Y. N. G., received a commission as First Lieutenant
of Company H, and subsequently became Captain of the same cf-in-
pany. He is still a member of the Veteran Association of that body.
and a member of Winfield Scott Post, No. 259, G. A. R., of New York
City. Mr. Clough is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and takes an
active interest in the affairs of his section. He is a. talented speaker,
and delivered the closing lecture of the Alton lecture series for the
season of 1898, his subject being " Prosperity."
Mr. Clough married Miss Amelia Young, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who
died in 1885. He has a daughter, Nettie Gertrude, wife of Frank J.
Dugan, of Norwalk, Conn.
BBOTT, JOHN HAMMILL, M.D., born in Fall River, Mass.,
August 11, 1848, is the son of James and Catherine (Henry)
Abbott. James Abbott, who was a manufacturer, was
born in Yorkshire, England, and came to Fall River in 1843.
John H. Abbott was educated in the public schools, Fruit Hill Insti-
tute, and Greenwich Seminary in Rhode Island. During the War of
the Rebellion he served in the United States Signal Corps. In 1872 he
was graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, and has
practiced his profession at Fall River since 1873. In 1877-78 he served
in the United States ^Javy as apothecary on the monitor Saugus. of the
North Atlantic Squadron.
Dr. Abbott has always been prominent in politics and active as a Re-
324 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
publican. He was alternate delegate to the Republican National Con-
vention of 1884, and delegate to the Minneapolis Convention in 1888.
He was appointed Assistant Quartermaster-General on the staff of
Governor Ames with the rank of Colonel. He has also filled local
offices, being a member of the Fall River Common Council in 1876,
City Physician from 1879 to 1882, and a member of the Board of
Aldermen in 1896-97. He was for several years a member of the Mas-
sachusetts Republican State Committee and chairman of the Repub-
lican City Committee. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, and after
filling important offices in the order is now engineer on the staff of Ma-
jor-General Carnahan, U. R. K. of P. He is Past Commander of
Richard Borden Post, No. 46, G. A. R., and President of the Bristol
County South Medical Society.
AYWARD, WILLIAM EDWIN, was born at Mendou, Mass.,
on the 19th of July, 1839. He is the son of Ebenezer White
and Susan B. Hayward, and is of English ancestry. Mr.
Hayward was elected a Representative in the General Court
of Massachusetts and served for one year. He is connected with the
woolen mills of East Douglas, and lives at Uxbridge, Mass., where he
has long taken an active interest in promoting the growth and welfare
of the Republican Party.
EORGE, SAMUEL WESLEY, born at Meredith, N. H., April
26, 1862, is the son of Samuel W. George, who was a lum-
berman previous to the Civil War, but enlisted, in Febru-
ary, 1862, in Company I, Twelfth Regiment New Hamp-
shire Volunteers, and died at Falmouth, Va., in January, 1863. He is
descended from Gideon George, who emigrated from England early in
the eighteenth century and settled at Rick's Village, Haverhill, Mass.
Mr. George was educated in the public schools and at Northwood'
Academy, Northwood, N. H. In January, 1883, he removed to Haver-
hill, Mass., where he was identified with the shoe industry until 1894,
when he became agent and manager of the Merrimack Valley Steam-
boat Company. He is an earnest Republican. He was a member of the
Haverhill Common Council in 1888, 1889, and 1890, serving as Presi-
dent the last year; and was a Representative in the State Legislature
in 1894, 1895, 1896, and 1897, serving on the Committees on Labor.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 325
Finances, Expenditures, Public Service, and Libraries, and on a num-
ber of special committees. In 1898 he was elected a State Senator, and
as such was Chairman of the Committee on Public Service and a mem-
ber of the Committees on Ways and Means and Election Laws.
In June, 1884, Mr. George was married to Edith M. Hill, of Haver-
hill, who died in June, 1888.
AWEENCE, WILLIAM BADGER, of Boston, only son of
General Samuel Crocker Lawrence and Caroline Rebec-
ca Badger, was born in Charlestown, now a part of Boston,
Mass., November 15, 1856. His father, General Samuel
Crocker Lawrence, son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Crocker) Lawrence,
was born in Medford, Mass., November 22, 1832, was graduated from
Harvard College with high honors in 1855, and at the breaking out of
the war was Colonel of the Fifth Regiment, which was one of the first
organizations to volunteer in 1861, being ordered to report for duty
April 19. He served through the war, resigned as Brigadier-General
August 20, 1864, and in 1869 was elected Commander of the Ancient
and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts. He was three
times Grand Master of the Massachusetts Grand Lodge of Masons, and
for many years has been President of the Eastern and other railroads.
April 28, 1859, he married Caroline Rebecca, daughter of Rev. William
and Rebecca (Taylor) Badger, and they have two children: William
B. and Louise. She is descended from Giles Badger, who came from
England with two brothers, and who was living in 1643 in Newbury,
Mass., where he died January 11, 1647. Her maternal grandfather
was John Taylor, a captain in the Revolutionary war. Rev. William
Badger was a well known Freewill Baptist minister in Wilton, Farm-
ington, and other places in Maine, and was the father of Almerin F.
Badger, the law partner of Hon. George S. Boutwell while the latter
was Secretary of the Treasury under Grant.
William B. Lawrence was graduated from the Boston Latin School
in 1875 with the Franklin medal and other prizes. He then entered
Harvard College, from which he was graduated with honors in 1879,
holding membership in the Phi Beta Kappa and. Signet Societies.
While there he devoted special attention to political economy and the
languages and stood high in his class. After graduating he entered
the Harvard Law School and received the degree of LL.B. therefrom
in 1882, meanwhile being a student in the office of the late Hon. Charles
Levi Woodbury, of Boston. He spent a year in European travel and
upon returning home was admitted to the Suffolk bar in June, 1883.
326
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
About the same time he \vas also admitted to the United States Conns.
For a short time he was associated with the late Nathan Morse, but
otherwise he has practiced alone, giving special attention to railroad
and corporation law. As ;i la \vyer and advocate he has been eminently
successful, and during the sixteen years that he has been at the bar he
has acted as counsel in many important cases. His ability, industry,
and sound legal knowledge have given him a high standing in the pro-
fession.
Mr. Lawrence has spent his entire life as a resident of Medford, Mass.,
where the family lived at the time of his birth. He has long been
prominent in the affairs of that town and city, serving it from 1888 to
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 327
1890, before its incorporation, as a member of the Boards of Selectmen
and Overseers of the Poor, and afterward, in 1891 and 1892, as Repre-
sentative of the city in the lower House of the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture. In the latter body he was a member of the Committees on Drain-
age and Probate and Insolvency in 1891 and of the Judiciary Com-
mittee in 1892. In 1893 and 1894 he represented in the State Senate
the old First Middlesex District, comprising the cities of Somerville and
Medford and the towns of Arlington and Winchester, and during these
sessions he served as floor chairman of the Committee on Rules, as
chairman of the Committee tin the Treasury and of the Joint Com-
mittee on Expenditures, and as a member of the Committee on the
Judiciary. He was a leader of the Republican side, and was very active
in shaping important legislation, being largely instrumental in se-
curing action which resulted in the erection of the present North Union
station in Boston and in obtaining the passage of the measure which
brought about speedier trials in the Superior Court. He was also a
leading factor in the election of Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge to the United
States Senate in 1893. In 1891 and 1892 he was a member of the
Republican State Central Committee, and at the Republican State Con-
vention of 1899 he served as a member of the Committee on Resolu-
tions.
Mr. Lawrence has always taken a deep interest in public affairs, and
has been especially active and useful in promoting municipal move-
ments. Between 1885 and 1889 he was instrumental in preventing
the threatened division of the town of Medford, and afterward he had
an important part in securing the city charter, which was modelled
largely after his own ideas. He was also active in securing the benefits
of the Metropolitan Sewerage Bill for cities and towns in the valley
of the Mystic River. He is and has been for several years a trustee
of the Medford Savings Bank, a charter member and one of the organ-
izers of the Medford Club, clerk of the Board of Directors and Corpora-
tion of the Boston and Maine Railroad, and clerk and member of the
Board of three Directors of the Somerville Journal Printing Com-
pany. In 1874 and 1875, while a student at the Boston Latin School,
he was colonel of the Boston School Regiment. He is a member of the
University Club and a vice-president of the Middlesex Club of Boston,
and for many years has been prominent in the Masonic fraternity,
being a past deputy district grand master of the Grand Lodge of Mas-
sachusetts, past master of Mt. Herinon Lodge, past high priest of Mys-
tic Chapter, R. A. M., past thrice illustrious master of Medford Council,
R. & S. M., past grand master of the Grand Council of Massachusetts,
and commander (1898 and 1899) of Boston Commandery, K. T., the
largest body of Knights Templars in the world and one of the oldest in
328 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the United States. He is also a member of all the Scottish Rite bodies
and of the Supreme Council, thirty-third degree, which he received in
Pittsburg, Pa., in 1896. He has delivered a number of political
speeches and written occasionally for the press, and in every capacity
has faithfully and efficiently discharged the duties of a public spirited,
patriotic, and progressive citizen.
Mr. Lawrence was married October 2, 1883, to Alice May, daughter
of J. Henry and Emily (Nickerson) Sears, of Boston, and a lineal
descendant of Richard Sears, who settled at Plymouth, Mass., in 1623.
She is also descended from Elder William Brewster and other Cape
Cod families. Their children are Marjorie, Samuel Crocker, 2d, Ruth,
and William B., Jr.
HAGNON, CHARLES EMILE, M.D., of Arctic, R. L, was
born in St. Dominique, Province of Quebec, Canada, Oc-
tober 7, 1863, the son of Dr. J. B. Chagnon and Victoria
Desnoyers. His paternal ancestors came from Normandy
to Canada in 1750, and from there his father moved to Fall River,
Mass., where he gained distinction as a merchant and physician.
Dr. Chagnon attended the Seminary of St. Agacinthe from 1875 to
1879, and in the latter year engaged in the dry goods business with his
father in Fall River. In 1883 he entered the College of Ste. Marie de
Mounoir, where he studied until June, 1883. Shortly afterward he
went to New Orleans, La., where he remained during the World's
Exposition, and while there became interested in a company to explore
the gold regions of Honduras. He remained in Central America for
three years, visiting all of the five republics, traveling in all parts of
that wild country, and learning Spanish and Portuguese. He speaks
those languages fluently, as well as French and English. Returning
north, he entered the Medical Department of the University of Ver-
mont, and subsequently the College of Physicians and Surgeons at
Baltimore, from which he was graduated with the degree of M.D. in
1890. Since then Dr. Chagnon has successfully practiced his profes-
sion at Arctic, R. I., where he resides.
He has taken an active interest in public affairs, has filled several
positions with marked ability, and is a trusted leader of the Repub-
lican party of his section. He was elected to the Arctic Town Council
June 6, 1893, and served until 1895, and in 1896, 1897, and 1898 was
elected a member of the General Assembly, polling in the latter year
the largest number of votes of any candidate on the ticket. He is a
member of Washington Lodge, No. 11, I. O. O. F., and of St. John the
Baptist Society.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 329
August 4, 1891, he was married at Pawtucket, R. I., to Victorine
Beaudry, and their children are Estelle, Colombe, Jeannette, and
Gerard.
OWEY, ABLON, is a prominent resident of the Town of North
Smithfield, E. I., a town set off from the Town of Smith-
field in 1871, in which town Mr. Mowry was born February
23, 1833. He was the son of Barney Mowry, a farmer, and
Phila (Mowry) Mowry, both natives of the Town of Smithfield above
named. He is of the eighth generation of his line from Eoger Mowry,
who registered in Boston, Mass., after his arrival from England, May
18, 1631. Boger's wife was Mary, daughter of John Johnson, of Box-
bury, Mass. He lived in Plymouth for several years and later in Salem
from about 1635 to 1649, when he removed to Providence, B. I., where
he resided till his death January 5, 1 666. The line is as follows :
Eoger1, Nathaniel2, Henry3, Uriah4, Jonathan5, Caleb6, Barney7, and
Arlon8.
Arlon Mowry attended the schools in his native town until the spring
of 1849, when he became a student at Mount Union Seminary in Stark
County, Ohio. In the spring of 1851 he returned to Smithfield and
afterward attended school at North Scituate, E. I., and later at Sax-
ton's Eiver and Westminster, Vt., where he was graduated under the
preceptorship of L. F. Ward, A.M. He engaged in teaching until 1857,
when he entered into business as a merchant in Woonsocket, E. I., and
later became interested in farming. His first vote was cast for John C.
Fremont, the first Eepublican candidate for President of the United
States. His political career began in 1861, when he was elected a mem-
ber of the Town Council of Smithfield, his native town, in which he
served continuously until the division of the town in 1871, the last four
years filling the office of President of that body. He was Collector of
Taxes from 1862 to 1872, and filled many other offices of trust and re-
sponsibility. During the war of the Eebellion he was Deputy Col-
lector, a very responsible position, which he held during the contin-
uance of the Internal Revenue law. He was elected to the Rhode Island
House of Representatives in 1868 and served continuously until 1872.
He represented the town of North Smithfield in questions arising from
the division of the town of Smithfield and was elected a committee to
act jointly with others from the towns of Lincoln, Smithfield, and Woon-
socket to prepare a written history of the old town of Smithfield. Mr.
Mowry, on a division of the town, became identified with North Smith-
field, representing it for three successive years in the Rhode Island
330
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Senate and a like period in the House of Representatives, and with
the exception of an interval of two years he served for six consecutive
years as member and President of the Town Council, but declined
further local honors.
Mr. Mowry still retains his residence in North Smithfield, though
ARUON MOWRY.
much of his time is spent in the city of Providence, where he also has a
home. He was elected President of the Mechanics Savings Bank of
Woonsocket on January 5, 1885. On September 13, 1887, he was
elected President of the National Globe Bank, also of Woonsocket, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 331
still holds both positions. His long connection with public business i)i
the northern portion of the State has afforded him an extensive acquaint-
ance and established a reputation for integrity and judicious manage-
ment of public as well as private trusts. His services and opinion in
business matters and in matters of dispute are much sought for and
freely given, which his many friends, acquaintances, and others appre-
ciate in managing their affairs of business. He is a prominent Mason.
He has been a member of the Republican State Central Committee for
many years and is recognized as one of tlie leaders of his party. He is
a member of the New England Historic Genealogical Society of
Boston, the Rhode Island Historical Society, and the State Board of
Agriculture.
Mr. Mowry was married in 1857 to Harriet, daughter of Isaac and
Susan (Borden) Wightman. Their children are Emma L., wife of
Stephen E. Batcheller, of Woonsocket; Eugene C., a physician of New
York City; Wilfred L. (deceased); and Harriet W., wife of Albert E.
Crowell, of Providence.
URNER, JOHN I)., is the son of Colonel Charles Turner and
Elizabeth. (Davis) Turner, and was born in Manchester,
England, January 24, 1859. He received his preparatory
courses of studies in the public schools, and at the age of six-
teen entered Gordon's Academy, from which he was graduated with
honors in 1878. In 1885 he came to Rhode Island and in 1886 became
interested in the cotton velvet mill projected by W. F. & F. C. Sayles,
which was abandoned owing to national tariff legislation. Mr. Turner
then entered the Sayles Bleacheries, where for many years he had
charge of the gray goods department.
His political affiliations have always been with the Republican
party. In 1894-95 he was Collector of Taxes for the town of Lincoln,
and also Chairman of the Republican Town Committee and member of
the Rhode Island State Central Committee. In 1895 he was appointed
arbitrator for the town of Lincoln in the settlement of the differences
between that town and the city of Central Falls. In 1897 he was hon-
ored by being elected Chairman of the Bond Commissioners of the town
of Lincoln, and after waiting over a year for a favorable opportunity
he has just sold the town's refunding bonds to the amount of $125,000
at 109.24, thus securing the handsome premium of f 11,550 for his town.
Mr. Turner is now (1899) Secretary and General Manager of the Ameri-
can Cash Stamp Company, a trading stamp corporation which redeems
its stamps in cash and through National banks. He is a charter mem-
332 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
her of Loyal Washington Lodge, I. O. O. F. M. V., and of Blackstone
Senate, Knights of the Ancient Easenie Order, and a member of Mos-
hassuck Assembly, R. S. of G. F. He is also Past Noble Grand of
Loyal Lincoln Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Saylesville, K. I.
February 25, 1884, Mr. Turner married Mary A. Robinson, of Lan-
caster, England. Of this union were born Lillian in England, Flor-
ence in Paterson, N. J., and Maude Turner in Saylesville, R. I.
AILHOT, LOUIS LUCIEN, M.D., of Manville, R. I., was born
in Becancour, Nicolet, Province of Quebec, Canada, August
24, 1860, his father, Zephirin T. Mailhot. being a promi-
nent farmer and contractor. His mother's maiden name
was Saraphine Mayrand. Dr. Mailhot was educated at Three Rivers
College in the Province of Quebec, at Joliette College, and at Victoria
University, P. Q. In 1883 he came to Boston, Mass., and entered the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, where he finished his professional
studies. Removing to Manville, R. I., he secured his registration in
January, 1889, and in the following May opened a drug store, which he
still conducts.
He has been a Republican since he first came to the United States,
and since 1892 has taken an active interest in political affairs. For
three years he was a member of the Republican Town Committee of
Manville, and for one year he served on the Republican State Central
Committee of Rhode Island, rendering in each capacity valuable service
to the party, and achieving for himself a reputation as a party leader
which extends throughout the State. In April, 1899, he was chosen
a member of the Rhode Island Legislature, where he has displayed
that broad executive ability and sound common sense which have char-
acterized his entire career.
AKER, HENRY MOORE, of Bow, N. H., has won distinction
at the bar and as a National legislator, and is one of the best
known men in the Granite State. He was born January 11,
1841, Bow, N. H., where he has always resided. He is the
youngest son of Aaron Whittemore Baker and Nancy Dustin, a de-
scendant of the Colonial heroine, Hannah Dustin. Mr. Baker's great-
great-grandfather, Captain Joseph Baker, a Colonial surveyor, married
Hannah, only daughter of Captain John Lovewell, the celebrated In-
dian fighter who was killed May 8, 1725, in the battle of Pigwacket.
Subsequently Massachusetts granted the township of Suncook or Love-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 333
well's Town to the survivors and the heirs of those killed in that battle.
Captain Baker's son, Joseph, married a descendant of the Scotch Coven-
anters and settled in Bow, and the acres he cleared and cultivated are
now a part of the old family homestead. He was a Revolutionary sol-
dier and a man of great energy and influence. His son, James, married
a granddaughter of Rev. Aaron Whittemore, the first clergyman in
Pembroke, and their eldest son, Aaron Whittemore Baker, married'
Nancy Dustin. The latter was only twelve years of age when his father
died from accidental injuries, but he resolutely met the responsibilities
which devolved upon him, and through his endeavors and his mother's
aid the younger children were well educated and the farm successfully
cultivated. He was a man of sterling integrity, of advanced thought,
a bitter opponent of slavery, and an ardent advocate of temperance.
His wife was a woman of high character, sweet disposition, great talent,
and generally beloved. Walter Bryant, a relative on her side of the
family, was prominent in Colonial affairs, and surveyed many of the
townships as well as the eastern boundary of the State.
Henry M. Baker attended the common schools of his native town, the
academies of Pembroke and Hopkinton, the New Hampshire Confer-
ence Seminary at Tilton, and Dartmouth College, from which he was
graduated in 1863, and from which he received the degree of Master of
Arts three years later. After graduating he began the study of law
under Judge Minot, of Concord, N. H. He was appointed clerk in the
War Department at Washington, D. C., in 1864, was transferred to the
Treasury Department, and remained there in different positions of
trust and responsibility for several years. In the meantime he
continued his legal studies, having entered the Law Department of
Columbia University, from which he was graduated in 1866. He was
admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia
the same year, and in 1882 was admitted to practice in the Supreme
Court of the United States. He practiced law for a number of years
in Washington, where he quickly gained a large clientage and was en-
gaged in many important cases. But, like all sons of the Granite State,
he cherished a love of the home and the hills and valleys of his boy-
hood; and, though absent the greater part of several years, has never
ceased to be a resident of his native town. He has always been an ag-
gressive Republican and an active campaign worker, and is heard fre-
quently on the stump. In 1886 and 1887 Mr. Baker was Judge Advo-
cate-General of the New Hampshire National Guard with rank of Brig-
adier-General. He was nominated in the Merrimack District by accla-
mation as the Republican candidate for State Senator in 1890, and ran
largely ahead of his ticket. In his district the Republican candidate for
Governor had a plurality of only seventy-six votes, but Mr. Baker re-
334 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ceived a plurality of one hundred and fifty and a majority of seventy-
five. By his energetic and successful canvass he contributed greatly to
the general success of his party, and its control of the Legislature that
year was largely due to him. In the Senate Mr. Baker was Chairman
of the Judiciary Committee, a member of several other important com-
mittees, and Chairman of the Joint Special Committee on the Revision,
Codification, and Amendment of the Public Statutes. He took an act-
ive part in all the proceedings of the Senate and was recognized as a
Republican leader.
He was elected Representative in Congress from the Second New
Hampshire District by a good plurality in 1892, reversing the Demo-
cratic victory in the preceding election. In 1894 he was re-elected to
Congress by a plurality more than fourteen times greater than that of
1892. In the Fifty-third Congress he was assigned to the Committees
on Agriculture and Militia. In the next Congress he was a member of
the Committees on Judiciary and Election of President, Vice-President,
and Representatives in Congress. He was also Chairman of one of the
Standing Sub-Committees of the Judiciary Committee. His principal
speeches in Congress were in opposition to the repeal of the Federal
Election Laws, on the methods of accounting in the Treasury Depart-
ment, in favor of the purchase and distribution to the farmers of rare
and valuable agricultural and horticultural seeds, on the tariff, on pro-
tection not hostile to exportation, on the necessity of adequate coast
defence, on the criminal jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the
United States, and on Civil Service Reform.
Mr. Baker is President of the Alumni of Dartmouth College, a
member of the Sons of the American Revolution and of the New Hamp-
shire Club, a Knight Templar. Mason, and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine.
He is also a member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, to
which he has made valuable contributions, and has established prizes
in Dartmouth College. In religion he is LTnitarian. Since his retire-
ment from Congress he has been engaged in many public reforms and
improvements, and in superintending his varied private investments.
He is unmarried. John B. Baker, of Bow, a member of the New Hamp-
shire Legislature of 1897, is his only surviving brother.
LBIN, JOHN HENRY, of Concord, one of the leading mem-
bers of the New Hampshire bar, a prominent figure in
public affairs, and largely identified with the development
of steam and electric street railroad interests, is descended
from some of the oldest families of New England, his ancestors coming
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
335
from England to America during the Colonial period. He is a son of
John and Emily (White) Albin, and was born in Randolph, Vt,
October 17, 1843. His parents moved to Concord, N. H., when he was
a youth, and here, in the public and high schools, he was prepared for
college. He entered Dartmouth, and was graduated from that insti-
tution with the class of 1864.
Mr. Albin commenced his law studies in the office of Hon. Ira A.
Eastman, of Concord, formerly Judge of the Supreme Court of the
State, and was admitted to the bar in 1868. He immediately com-
336 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
menced the practice of his profession with his preceptor, and has been
in continuous practice in Concord since that period. He resided in
Henniker, N. H., from 1869 to 1871, when he removed his family to
Concord, where he has been closely identified with the development
of the social, professional, and business life of the capital city. He
has always been a stalwart Republican, his father being an old-line
Whig and an abolitionist. Mr. Albin was elected to the lower House
of the State Legislature, and served during the term of 1872 and 1873;
he was again elected to the Legislature as a representative of the town
of Henniker and served another term of two years. During his public
service in the House Mr. Albin was a member of several important
committees and was an acknowledged leader of his party.
Mr. Albin has devoted a large portion of his time to the develop-
ment of steam and electric street railroads in New England. He is
president and a director of the Sullivan County Railroad of New
Hampshire; president, a director, and principal owner of the Concord
Street Railway, operating fourteen miles of electric street railroad;
a director of the Connecticut River Railroad of Massachusetts; and a
director of the Vermont Valley Railroad of Vermont and of the Merri-
mac Electric Light, Heat, and Power Company. Mr. Albin is one of
the most prominent members of the I. O. O. F. in the United States,
having filled all the offices in the subordinate, State, and Grand Lodges.
He was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire in 1879,
and for several sessions represented the Grand Lodge of the State in
the Sovereign Grand Lodge, of which body he afterward served as
Grand Marshal for several sessions. While an officer of the Sovereign
Grand Lodge, he prepared the Ritual and largely the legislation which
established the Patriarch Militant rank of the order. He was one of
the founders of the Odd Fellows Home of New Hampshire, and has
served as one of its trustees since its organization.
In his profession, Mr. Albin, while devoting his time to general
practice, has given considerable attention to that branch involving
corporate interests, in which he has been especially successful. He has
also won distinction in criminal practice, and it can be truthfully said
that he possesses the attributes and thorough knowledge of his profes-
sion which rank him as one of the few well-rounded lawyers in all the
various branches of a general legal business. He is possessed of a
genial and magnetic personality, which, coupled with his distinguished
abilities, have made him an honored and respected member of the
social and business life of the community where he has resided so long.
Mr. Albin was married on September 5, 1872, to Miss Georgia A.
Modica. They have two children : Henry A. and Edith G.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 337
EWELL, WILLIAM, was for many years one of the leading
men of Ehode Island. Born on a farm in Cumberland, in
that State, in 1820, he was the son of Nathaniel Newell and
Kuth Howard, and a descendant of one of three brothers
Newell who immigrated to this country from England in 1633. Receiv-
ing a good education in the academy at North Attleboro, Mass., he
taught school for a few terms, and in 1845 engaged in the brass foun-
dry business, which he continued successfully for over forty years.
He early saw the need of a new party to counteract and antagonize
the encroachments of the slave power, and in 1848 allied himself with
the Free Democrats. In 1852 he was one of the four men in the town
where he was located who voted for the Free Soil candidate for Presi-
dent, John P. Hale. In 1856 he had the pleasure to be enrolled with
a large majority in the same town who voted for John C. Fremont.
During this campaign he stumped the State for the new Republican
party, and it can truly be said that he was one of the earliest of pioneers
for its success. In 1860 he spoke in various places in the State for the
election of Abraham Lincoln. After the War of the Rebellion broke
out he was naturally one of the first to recognize the necessity of the
emancipation of the slaves, and was very much incensed at the delay;
and although never an abolitionist, but a strict Republican, he saw
that the inevitable result of the war would be the abolition of slavery.
Mr. Newell was elected to the Rhode Island Legislature in 1859 and
was re-elected for five successive years. In the seventies he also served
two years in that body. He was President of the Pawtucket Gas Com-
pany, a director in the People's Bank and the First National Bank of
Pawtucket for forty years, and long a trustee of the Providence County
Savings Bank. Mr. Newell was a man of the strictest integrity and
honesty in all things, a great lover of nature, a kind father, and an ex-
emplary citizen.
He was married in Attleboro, Mass., July 2, 1844, to Lydia Emeline
Fuller, by whom he had five sons: Oscar A., Charles, Frank A., Fred-
erick E., and George H.
EWELL, OSCAR ALONZO, of Central Falls, R. I., is the
eldest son of the late William Newell and Lydia Emeline
Fuller, and was born in the town of Cumberland, R. I., in
May, 1845. He was educated in his native State — in the
public schools of Smithfield, at the High School in Central Falls, and
at Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College in Providence.
338 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Newell early became imbued with the principles of the lie-pub-
lican party, and voted for General U. S. Grant and for every Repub-
lican candidate for President since. He was elected a member of the
School Board of Central Falls for three successive years and a member
of the Board of Fire Engineers for six consecutive years, and in both
instances declined renomination and further service. He was elected
to the Rhode Island Legislature for the years 1885, 1886, 1887, and
1888, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Fisheries and of the
Joint Committee on Accounts and Claims against the State and as a
member of the Committee on Education. He was also appointed a
member of the Legislative Commission which had charge of all the
salt water fisheries, and served two years, being Chairman of that body.
At the close of his fourth term in 1888 he declined a reuomination. He
was again elected to the State Legislature for the years 1897. 1898, and
1899, and is now (1899) serving as Chairman of the Committee on
State Charities and Corrections and as a member of the Committee on
Education. Mr. Newell has also been appointed commissioner to build
a county jail in Newport. He has filled every position Avith character-
istic ability and energy, and is universally esteemed for those qualities
which mark the progressive, public spirited man. And he now believes,
as his father did in regard to slavery, that to successfully resist the
encroachments of the great trust evil a new political party will have to
be organized.
OUNSBURY, GEORGE E., Governor of Connecticut, is the
fifth child of the late Nathan and Delia Scofield Lounsbury,
and was born in 1838 in Poundridge, Westchester County,
New York. He is the sixth in descent from Richard Louns-
bury and Elisabeth Dubois, who settled in Rye — then a part of the
Colony of Connecticut — about 1650, and whose land purchased from
the Indians is still known as " The Lounsbury Farm." His grand-
father, Enos Lounsbury, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution.
Though born out of the State, Governor Lounsbury is virtually a
native of Connecticut, as his father and all his ancestors were natives of
Stamford. In the Spring of 1839, when only a few months old, he moved
with his parents to Ridgefield, Conn., to the farm which has since been
his home. His early education was obtained in the district schools,
and in these he taught from his seventeenth to his twentieth year, when
he entered Yale College, from which he was graduated in 1863 with
distinguished honor. He studied theology and passed his examinations
for the diaconate and the priesthood, graduating from the Berkeley
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 339
School at Middletown, Conn., in 1866. For a year, as deacon, he had
charge of the Episcopal parishes in Thornpsonville and Suffield. A
serious throat trouble compelled him, however, to decline to take the
vows of the priesthood, and in 1867, with his brother, Hon. Phineas C.
Lounsbury, he went into the business of manufacturing boots and
shoes, in which he is still extensively engaged as a member of the firm
of Lounsbury, Mathewson & Co., at South Norwalk, Conn.
Governor Lounsbury ran for office for the first time in 1894, when
he was elected State Senator from the Twelfth District by an unpre-
cedented majority. In the Legislature of 1895 he was Chairman of the
Committee on Finance, and his work in legislation was so acceptable
that he was renominated in 1896 by acclamation and re-elected by more
than twice his majority of two years before. In the Legislature of 1897
he was Chairman of the Committee on Humane Institutions. The
Reformatory and other matters of importance were referred to this
committee, and its reports were received with almost iinanimous ap-
proval by the Legislature and the people of the State. In the Repub-
lican State Convention held in New Haven, Conn., on September 15,
1898, Mr. Lounsbury was nominated for Governor on the first ballot,
receiving nearly three-fourths of all the votes cast. The election in No-
vember was a tidal wave. The Republicans swept the State by a
majority which has been exceeded only twice in the history of that
party.
Governor Lounsbury was married in 1894 to Mrs. Frances Josephine
Whedon, daughter of Joseph J. Potwin, of Amherst, Mass. His brother,
Hon. Phineas C. Lounsbury, was Governor of Connecticut in 1887 and
1888.
ECK, SAMUEL LUTHER, son of James M. and Elizabeth
(Luther) Peck, was born December 17, 1845, in Warren,
R. I., where he has always resided. His ancestors on both
sides were among the early colonists of New England, and
a number of them participated as soldiers in the Colonial and Revolu-
tionary wars.
Mr. Peek was educated in the Warren High School and at Bryant,
Stratton & Mason's Commercial College, and was first employed as a
clerk for Charles E. Boon & Co., with whom he remained from 1864 to
1869. He was bookkeeper for B. B. & R. Knight from 1869 to 1872 and
a salesman for Butts & Mason from 1872 to 1874, when he entered the
firm of Mason, Chapin & Co., which was succeeded in 1896 by the firm
of Arnold, Peck & Co. This firm were extensive importers, jobbers,
and commission merchants in chemicals, drugs, and dye-stuffs, having
340 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
establishments in Providence, New York, and Boston, and Mr. Peck
retained his connection with it until December 31, 1898, when he re-
tired.
He has served as Assessor of Taxes in Warren for three years, was
first Chairman of the Standing Committee and Vice-President of the
George Hail Free Public Library, was Superintendent of the Metho-
dist Episcopal Sunday School of Warren for ten years, was Master of
Washington Lodge, A. F. and A. M., one year, and has been Vice-
President of the New England Paint and Oil Club of Boston. He is
now Vice-President of the National Hope Bank and of the Warren
Institution for Savings, a trustee of the Warren Trust Company, and a"
member of the Union Club and the Ehode Island Yacht Club. He is
now (1899) serving his sixth consecutive year as Kepresentative to the
Khode Island Legislature from Warren, and is Chairman of the House
Finance Committee. As a Eepublican, he has been for many years a
recognized leader and an effective worker for his party and its welfare.
Mr. Peck was married June 23, 1870, to Esther Alice Gardner. Their
only child, Howard Gardner Peck, died at the age of three years and
nine months.
EAYTON, CHARLES KAY, is a native of the State of Rhode
Island, of distinguished ancestry, and left college at the close
of his sophomore year, in 1861, to battle for the preservation
of the Union. He was born in Warwick, Kent County,
R. I., August 16, 1840, and is the son of Hon. William Daniel Bray-
ton and Anna Ward (Clarke) Brayton. The Brayton family in Ameri-
ca descends from Francis Brayton, who came from England and settled
in Portsmouth, R. I., in 1643, and who was one of the leaders among
the colonists, especially distinguishing himself during the wars against
the Indians and Dutch, being a Lieutenant in a " troop of horse." The
Braytons in successive generations were men of influence among their
fellow-citizens, General Brayton's paternal grandfather, Charles Bray-
ton, being for many years an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court,
and his paternal uncle, the late George A. Brayton, being an Associate
Justice and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island from
1843 to 1874. His father was the Representative of the Second Rhode
Island District in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses of the
United States, one of the leading business men of the State, and dis-
tinguished both in public and private life. Among his paternal an-
cestors of the eighth generation back, contemporary with Lieutenant
Francis Brayton, were many of the first colonists who settled in Rhode
Island, some of the more prominent of whom were Samuel Gorton,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 341
Stephen Arnold, John Whipple, Kandall Holden, Thomas Stafford,
James Huling, William Havens, and John Greene. Through his
mother General Brayton is descended from Joseph Clarke, one of the
first settlers in Khode Island, and from Major Ethan Clarke, Governor
Richard Ward, and Governor Samuel Ward, the latter of whom pre-
sided over the Continental Congress which elected George Washington
Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, and from Colonel Chris-
topher Greene, one of the brightest names in the Kevolutionary war.
On the maternal side, in the eighth generation back, many of his an-
cestors were leading and influential men of the Colonies in Khode
Island, among whom were Roger Williams, Samuel Gorton. John
Ward, Rufus Barton, John Anthony, Nathaniel Thomas, Giles Slocum,
Adam Mott, John Greene, Pardon Tillinghast, and Simon Ray.
General Brayton received his primary ediication in the common
school of Apponaug, at the Providence Conference Seniinary, and at
the Kingston Classical Seminary, all in Rhode Island, and at a board-
ing-school in Brookfield, Mass. He subsequently attended the Fruit
Hill Classical Institute and Brown University, both in Rhode Island.
At the close of his sophomore year he left the university to go to the
war of 1861-65. During his college course he served as Lieutenant and
Lieu ter ant-Colonel of the Kentish Artillery, Rhode Island Militia, and
in the war of the Rebellion he achieved elevated rank and rendered
valuable service. The following is the official record of his services in
the Union Army as it appears in the volume compiled by General
Elisha Dyer, Adjutant-General of the State, now Governor of the Com-
monwealth:
"Aug. 27, 1861, appointed; Oct. 9, 1861, mustered in. Originally
served as 1st Lieut. Co. G. Oct. 11, 1861, assigned to Co. H. Jan. 4,
1862, ordered to Fort Seward, Bay Point, S. C., and borne as at Fort
Seward until March, 1862; March and April, 1862, at siege, bombard-
ment and capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga. May, 1862, ordered to North
Edisto; June 16, 1862, at battle of Secessionville, S. C.
" Borne on special duty as Post Ordnance Officer from Sept. 11, 1862,
until Jan., 1863. Oct. 22, 1862, Acting Adjutant at battle of Pocota-
ligo, S. C.
" Allotment Commissioner for State of Rhode Island, Nov. 3, 1862.
Promoted Capt. Light Battery C, and mustered in as such to date from
Nov. 28, 1862. November and December, 1862, Judge Advocate of
General Court Martial at Hilton Head, S. C. Feb. 10, 1863, ordered to
Beaufort, S. C. June 5, 1863, on expedition to St. Simon's Island, Ga.
Bombardment of Brunswick and Darien. October, 1863, absent with
leave in Rhode Island. Assistant to Chief of Artillery, Department of
the South, in the operations against Forts Wagner and Sumter, and
342 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tlic city of Charleston, S. C. Declined appointment of Lieut.-Col. 14th
Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. Oct. 22, 1803, promoted Lieut.-Col. and
mustered in as such to date from Nov. 17, 18G3. Nov. 22, 1863, ordered
to command Battalion at Morris Island, S. C., and so borne until Jan.,
1864. Jan. 17, 1864, ordered on duty as Chief of Artillery, Northern
District, Department of the South, and so borne until April, 1864.
March 22, 1864, promoted Colonel and mustered in as such to date from
April 1, 1864. April 29, 1864, ordered on special duty as Post Com-
mandant at Hilton Head, S. C. May 27, 1864, ordered on special duty
as Chief of Artillery, Department of the South, and so borne until
September, 1864.
" Oct. 5, 1864, mustered out with Regiment at Providence, R. I., by
reason of expiration of term, of service. March 13, 1865, Brevet Briga-
dier General of Volunteers for faithful and meritorious services during
the war. Appointed Captain 17th U. S. Infantry, March 7, 1867. Re-
signed July 6, 1867."
General Brayton was appointed Postmaster at Port Royal, S. C., by
Andrew Johnson, and served from March 16, 1865, .until 1867, when he
resigned to accept a captaincy in the United States Army. Among
the many public offices he has held in hi* native State may be men-
tioned : Trial Justice, March 14, 1870, and Deputy Town Clerk of War-
wick, his native town; Deputy Collector, December 31, 1864, and Act-
ing Collector of Internal Revenue for the Second District of Rhode
Island, May 4, 1869, which he resigned to accept United States Pension
Agency for Rhode Island. July 12, 1870, he was appointed by General'
U. S. Grant Consul to Cork, Ireland, but declined the office. He served
as Pension Agent from October 25, 1870, to July 1, 1874, when he was
made Postmaster at Providence by President Grant, which office he
filled until January 20, 1880, when he resigned. He served as Chief of
the State Police from July 1, 1886, until May 25, 1887. In 1876 and
1877 he was Chairman of the Republican State Central Committee
and in 1896 was elected a member of the Republican National Com-
mittee for Rhode Island, and is still serving in that capacity.
General Brayton has been an active worker for his party, and has
been identified with most of the important political measures in Rhode
Ihi 'and for the past thirty years. He is now an attorney and counsellor
at lavT Of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island and of the Circuit Court
of the trTniteci States for the District of Rhode Island, and counsel in
Ithode Islj,ln(| for fue New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
Company, th,e unkm Railroad Company, the Providence Telephone
Company, and' the Narragausett Electric Lighting Company. In fra-
ternal and socia,;j societies General Brayton has also taken an active
part. He is Past Master of King Solomon's Lodge, No. 11, A. F. and
\
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 343
A. M.; Past Commander of Calvary Commandery, No. 13, K. T.; a
noble of Palestine Temple, Mystic Shrine; a member of Prescott Post,
No. 1, G. A. R., of Providence, and its Commander in 1867, and in 1870
and 1871 Commander of the Department of Rhode Island, G. A. R.; and
a member of the Rhode Island State Fair Association, the Providence
Athletic Association, the Providence Central Club, and the Society of
Colonial Wars.
Charles Ray Brayton and Antoinette Percival Belden were married
at Fruit Hill, North Providence, R. I., March 13, 1865. Mrs. Brayton,
like her husband, comes from good old New England ancestry.
Through her father she is descended from the Connecticut families of
Belden, Hendy, Elderkiu, Spencer, Andrews, Bush, Kibbe, Pease,
Sexton, and Sholes, her great-grandfather, Nathan Sholes, being killed
at the battle of Groton during the Revolution. Through her mother
she comes from Puritan and Pilgrim stock that were among the first
settlers of southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Her ances-
tors who came in the Mayflower were John Alden and Priscilla,
whom Longfellow has made famous in his " Courtship of Miles Stand-
ish." Another Mayflower ancestor was George Soule. Her great-
grandfather, Abuer Soule, a descendant of George, served in the Revo-
lutionary war. Another ancestor who took so prominent a part in the
Indian wars as to have been considered almost indispensable by the
colonists was Colonel Benjamin Church. Among the more prominent
of the first settlers from whom she is descended in the eighth genera-
tion was Thomas Manchester, John Cook, Edward Gray, Philip Smith,
John Briggs, Francis Pea body, Thomas Hale, William Bailey, Richard
Church, Constant Southworth, Henry Howland, William Cook, John
Seabury, and William Peabodie.
The children of General and Mrs. Brayton are Antoinette Percival,
born June 28, 1869, married June 15, 1892, to Henry Bolton Deming,
and died April 13, 1893, leaving a son, Percival Brayton Deming, born
April 6, 1893; and William Stanton Brayton, born August 21, 1871,
married May 3, 1898, Alice Dolloff Waite, at Ithaca, N. Y., and now
(1899) assistant to the general manager of the General Electric Com-
pany in New York City.
AKER, ALBERT ALLISON, was born September 26, 1862, in
Providence, R. I., where he received his education. He is
the son of Albert O. Baker and Anna M. Stone, and a de-
scendant on both sides of some of the early settlers of Rhode
Island. Hi* ancestors came to this country from England, Wales, and
France, and served in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars.
344
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Baker was graduated from Brown University in the class of
1884. He early identified himself with the Republican party, served
in the State Legislature in 1891, and has been Assistant City Solicitor
of Providence since 1892. February 1, 1897, Mr. Baker was married at
New Orleans, La., to Emma Belknap De Russy.
OETON, ROYAL DEXTER, a manufacturing jeweler of Prov-
idence, has made his home at Barrington, R. I., since 1852,
and has been identified with most of the public events tend-
ing toward the material growth and development of the
town since that time. He was born at Bristol, R. I., June 28, 1835, and
is a son of Royal and Eunice (Lee) Horton. The Horton family in
America is of English descent, and
its progenitors came to New Eng-
land about 1660. Mr. Horton, in
1853, came to Providence and com-
menced to learn his trade, and since
1859 has been engaged in manu-
facturing jewelry for himself. He
has been successful in business, his
product being sold to the New York
jobbers. September 19, 1862, he en-
listed in Company C, Eleventh
Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry;
as a private, and was mustered out
as a corporal July 13, 1863.
Mr. Horton has been a Republi-
can since 1856, when he cast his first
presidential vote for General John
C. Fremont. He has been a member
of the Republican State Central
Committee of Rhode Island since 1892 and a member of the Republican
Committee for the town of Barrington since 1871. He has taken an
active interest in educational affairs in his town and since 1871 has
served as a member of the School Committee. He was one of the organ-
izers of the Barrington Public Library and since 1880 has been one of
the trustees. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., being Past Grand of
Canionouss Lodge and a member of the Encampment at Providence.
He is also a member of Prescott Post, No. 1, G. A. R., and of the Royal
Society of Good Fellows.
ROYAL D. HORTON.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 345
December 1, 1857, Mr. Horton married Miss Helen Maria Brown, of
Barrington, R. I. They have had three children : one who died in in-
fancy; Jennie Buckling- (Mrs. Frederick L. Smith), who died in 1893;
and Martha Dexter, wife of Charles Frederick Boyden, of Barrington.
Mr. and Mrs. Horton are members of the Barrington Congregational
Church and take an active interest in the social life of the town.
ASON, WILLIAM COLLINS, City Clerk of Woonsocket, R. I.,
since 1891, is the son of William O. and Mary C. Mason, and
was born in Cumberland, R. I., July 18, 1856. His ancestors
were of French extraction, aud prominent among Cumber-
land's earliest settlers. He was educated in the Woonsocket public
schools and at a business college in Providence, and when a young man
entered the town clerk's office in Woonsocket, where he has since re-
sided.
Mr. Mason has continued his active connection with municipal work
to the present time — a period of over twenty-five years — and since 1891
has served with honor and satisfaction as City Clerk of the city of
Woonsocket. Though never an active politician, he has always been
prominently identified with the Republican party, and for several years
has been one of its trusted local leaders. He is also President of the
Evening Reporter Company, publishers of the Reporter, the oldest daily
newspaper in Woonsocket, the oldest penny paper in Rhode Island,
and one of the ablest and strongest newspapers in Southern New Eng-
land. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a respected citizen, a man of
marked ability and integrity, and unmarried.
ILCOX, ANDREW JACKSON, of Providence, R. I., is the
son of Reynolds S. Wilcox, a farmer, and Frances Wilson
Smith, and a descendant of one of the oldest families in
that State, his ancestors coming there from England in
early colonial days. He was born in North Providence on the 24th of
January, 1863, and received his education in Mount Pleasant Academy
and at Mowry & Goff's private school in Providence. By occupation
he has been a life-long farmer, as his father was before him.
In 1887 Mr. Wilcox was elected a member of the Town Council of
North Providence, serving one year. In 1888, 1889, and 1890 he was
elected to the Rhode Island State Senate. In 1892 and 1893 he was
316 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
President of the Town Council, and in 1894 lie was again elected State
Senator, being re-elected in 1895, 1896, and 1897, and resigning in 1897
to accept the appointment as Deputy Sheriff and officer to the
Attorney-General, which office he now holds. In 1895 he was elected
a member of the School Committee for the town of North Providence
for a term of five years.
Mr. Wilcox has been the recipient of the popular vote of the citizens
of North Providence for a number of years, several times meeting no
opposition from the Democrats. He has also been appointed by the
town of North Providence to serve in various capacities on many com-
mittees and commissions, and while in the State Senate was a member
of important bodies, the last year serving on the Committee on Corpora-
tions. His ability and integrity, united with his constant activity in
public affairs, have gained for him an honorable reputation as well as
universal confidence and respect. He is President of the Centredale Gun
Club and a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and
of several other organizations. He was married on June 27, 1889, and
has had two children : Reynolds B., deceased, and Marjorie Irene.
MES, WILLIAM, of Providence, is one of the men of Rhode
Island who has made an impress upon the history of current
events and National affairs, and one who is eminently
worthy to be represented in the page which represents the
part that State played in the Civil War. Of distinguished lineage, he
has ever upheld the honor and reputation of his family. A son of the
late Chief Justice Samuel Ames of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island,
lie traces his ancestry on his father's side to old English stock and from
his mother (Mary Troop) to French and English origin. He was born
in Providence on May 15, 1842. Educated in the superior schools of his
native city, and a graduate of the University Grammar School and
Brown University, he entered the army at the first call to arms made
by President Lincoln, for whom he cast his first vote. We append a
brief record of his services in the War of the Rebellion :
June 5, 1861, he was mustered into the United States Volunteer
service as Second Lieutenant of Co. D, 2d Regt. R. I. Volunteers — the
first regiment raised in Rhode Island to serve for three years, or during
the war. October 25, 1861, he was promoted to be First Lieutenant of
Co. D, 2d Regt. R. I. Volunteers. July 29, 1862, he was promoted to be
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
347
Captain, and January 28, 1863, to be Major of the Third R. I. Regiment
of Heavy Artillery. March 22, 1864, he was promoted to be Lieutenant-
Colonel of the Third Regt. R. T. Heavy Artillery. October 10, 1864, he
was promoted to be Colonel of that regiment. At the close of the war
he was appointed a Brevet Brigadier-General of United States Volun-
teers for meritorious services rendered during the war, to date from
March 13, 1865, and on August 27, 1865, he was mustered out of service
at Charleston, S. C., the war having ended and peace being declared.
The public service of General Ames may be briefly outlined as fol-
lows:
April 21, 1870, he was appointed by U. S. Grant, President of the
348 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
United States, to the office of Collector of United States Internal Rev-
enue, First District of Rhode Island. May 9, 1872, he was elected a
member of the Common Council from the Third Ward, city of Provi-
dence, serving two terms. June 12, 1875, he resigned the office of Col-
lector of Internal Revenue to accept a position as agent and manager
of the Fletcher Manufacturing Company, of Providence, of which
company he is now the managing director and treasurer. May 12,
1890, he was appointed by the Governor of the State of Rhode Island
to be one of a commission to obtain a site and plans for a new State
House, and in May, 1891, he was appointed a member of the commis-
sion to erect a new State House at Providence. In April, 1898, he was
elected to the General Assembly of Rhode Island as the first Represent-
ative from that city.
Besides his public interests, General Ames is identified with many
of the prominent industries of Providence. He is President of the
Blackstone Canal National Bank and a director in the Providence-
Washington Insurance Company, the Manufacturers Mutual Fire In-
surance Company, and various other corporations. A member of the
class of 1863 in Brown University, he received the degree of Master of
Arts from that institution June 16, 1896, and is a member of the Hope
Club. General Ames has, besides his social and benevolent affiliations,
interested himself in the religious spirit of his city and has been a
member of the Vestry and a Warden of St. Stephen's Protestant Epis-
copal Church of Providence for thirty years.
He has been twice married, his first wife being Harriette Fletcher
Ormsbee, who died February 14, 1875. Their marriage occurred No-
vember 8, 1870. Their children are John O. and Henriette F., who are
living, and William, deceased. April 27, 1882, he married Mrs. Anne
S. C. Dwight.
INCOLN, LEONTINE, was born December 26, 1846, in Fall
River, Mass., where he has always resided, and where he has
long been one of the leading figures in the manufacturing,
financial, and political life of the city. The son of Jonathan
Thayer Lincoln and Abby Lusconib, he is a lineal descendant of
Thomas Lincoln, who moved from Hingham, Mass., to Taunton, in
1652. The family settled originally in Hingham, coming there from
Norfolk County, England.
Mr. Lincoln was educated in the public schools of Fall River and at
a private school in Providence, R. I. In 1865, at the age of nineteen,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 349
he entered the counting room of Kilburn, Lincoln & Co., manufacturers
of cotton and silk machinery, of Fall Elver. His father was then the
President of this corporation, and one of the founders, in 1844, of the
business to which it had succeeded. In 1872 Leontine Lincoln became
Treasurer of the company, succeeding E. C. Kilburn, who retired from
the concern to become Treasurer and one of the founders of the King
Philip Mills. Mr. Lincoln still continues as Treasurer of Kilburn, Lin-
coln & Co., which is now one of the largest builders of cotton and silk
looms and power transmitting machinery in this country, and of which
his brother, H. C. Lincoln, became President in 1881. Leontine Lincoln
is also President of the Second National Bank, the Seconnet Mills, the
Hargraves Mills, the Parker Mills, and the Peabody Manufacturing
Company; Vice-President of the Fall River Five Cent Savings Bank
and a member of its Board of Investment; and a director of these cor-
porations and also of the King Philip Mills, the Tecumseh Mills, the
Arkwright Mills, the Bernard Manufacturing Company, and the Crys-
tal Springs Bleaching and Dyeing Company. These are among Fall
River's chief manufacturing and financial institutions.
In politics Mr. Lincoln has been a Eepublican since he was old
enough to vote, and, although connected with extensive business in-
terests which demand most of his time and attention, has rendered
efficient service in party affairs. He has been a member of the School
Committee of Fall River since January 1, 1880, and its Chairman since
January 1, 1888; a member and Secretary of the Board of Trustees of
the B. M. C. Durfee High School since 1887; a member of the Board of
Trustees of the Fall River Public Library since 1878 and its Sec-
retary and Treasurer since 1879; and a member of the Massa-
chusetts State Board of Lunacy and Charity since 1894 and Chairman
of the board in 1898 and 1899. He has several times declined to become
a candidate for Mayor of Fall River and also for member of Congress,
though strongly urged to accept those honors, for either of which he
is eminently qualified. He has, however, taken an active part in several'
political campaigns, notably those of 1892 and 1896, when, as a speaker
and writer, he rendered most valuable service to the cause of Repub-
licanism. A " tariff tract " on " Free Raw Material," written by him
in 1890, is said to have had a circulation of over a quarter of a million
copies. Mr. Lincoln was a delegate from the Thirteenth Congressional
District of Massachusetts to the Republican National Convention at
St. Louis in 1896 which nominated William McKinley for President.
He is a member of the Quequechan Club of Fall River, the Massachu-
setts Club, the Home Market and Republican Clubs of Massachusetts,
the Middlesex Club of Boston, the Old Colony Historical Society, the
American Library Association, and the Brown University Club. He is
350 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
also a trustee of the Home for Aged People of Fall Eiver, has written
and spoken frequently on political, economic, and educational subjects,
and in 1889 received from Brown University the honorary degree of
A.M.
May 12, 1868, Mr. Lincoln married Amelia Sanford Duncan, daugh-
ter of Rev. John and Mary A. Duncan, and they have two children :
Jonathan Thayer Lincoln and Leontine Lincoln, Jr.
NOX, WILLIAM SHADRACH, of Lawrence, member of Con-
gress from the Fifth Massachusetts District, is the son of
William Shadrach Knox, Sr., who was born in Limerick,
Me., in 1796, and who, after his marriage to Rebecca Walk-
er, of Fryeburg, Me., removed to Killingly, Conn. There Congressman
Knox was born on the 10th of September, 1843. The father was a
farmer. In 1852 the family moved to Lawrence, Mass., where the
subject of this article has ever since resided.
Receiving his preliminary education in the Lawrence public schools,
Mr. Knox entered Amherst College and was graduated from that insti-
tution with the class of 1865. He then read law in the office of N. W.
Harmon, of Lawrence, was admitted to the Essex County bar in No-
vember, 1866, and since then has been actively and successfully en-
gaged in the practice of his profession in Lawrence, building up a large
and remunerative business. For several years he has also been Presi-
dent of the Arlington National Bank of that city.
Mr. Knox entered political life as a member of the Massachusetts
House of Representatives, in which he served with marked ability in
1874 and 1875, being on the Judiciary Committee. He was City Solici-
tor of the city of Lawrence for the years 1875, 1876, 1878, 1887,
18SS, 1889, and 1890, and further distinguished himself as a man of
broad intellectual qualities and sound judgment. In 1894 and again in
1890 and 1898 he was elected Representative in Congress from the
Fifth Massachusetts District, receiving in 1896 17,786 votes against
11,308 cast for John II. Harrington, the Democratic candidate. Mr.
Knox, as a member of the Fifty-fourth, Fifty-fifth, and Fifty-sixth Con-
gresses, has demonstrated his ability as a National legislator and stands
high among his associates both on the floor and in committee work. He
is a talented speaker and an able lawyer, and as a Republican has been
active and influential in several State and National campaigns, render-
ing most efficient service to his party.
In 1873 Mr. Knox married Eunice Hussey, daughter of Isaac Hussey,
of Acton, Me. She died March 27, 1897. leaving a daughter, Blanche.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
351
OVE, WILLIAM HENRY, of Salem, Mass., is a native of
South Berwick, Maine, where he was born September 4,
1851. He is a descendant of John Gove, who, with his wife,
two sons, and a daughter, came from London, England, in
1646, to Charlestown, Mass., where he died the following year. John's
second son, Edward, settled first in Salisbury, Mass., but in 1665 re-
moved to that part of Hampton, N. H., now Seabrook, and there his
son John in 1713 built a house which, after passing in the Gove family
in unbroken succession from parent to child, finally came from the
last of the line to the subject of this sketch, whom it serves as a sum-
mer home. Edward was a member of the first New Hampshire Leg-
352 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
islature, and led an insurrection against Governor Cranfield, for which
he was convicted of high treason and confined three years in the Tower
of London. He was pardoned in 1685, and in 1691 died at Hampton.
His son John also took part in the insurrection, but escaped punish-
ment. From him the line of descent is John, second, who became a
Quaker (as all his descendants here named have been); Daniel;
Daniel, second, a pioneer settler of Weare, N. H., whither he removed
just before the Kevolution; Moses; then Levi, who was the father of
William H., and was born in Weare, but whose residence during most
of his life was at Lincoln, Vt. He died at Lynn, Mass., in August, 1885,
at the age of eighty-three. His wife, Mary (Meader) Gove, mother of
William H., born at Sandwich, N. H., is still living at Lynn, at the age
of eighty-two.
William H. Gove was the youngest but one of ten children of his
father. After attending the public schools of his native town and
studying for two terms, in 1864-65, at Oak Grove Seminary, a Quaker
school at Vassalborough, Maine, he removed with his parents to Lynn,
Mass., in 1866, and the same year entered the Lynn High School,
graduating three years later, and being at once admitted to Harvard
College. The next three years, not having sufficient means to enter
college, he spent in a law office in Salem as a clerk, improving his
leisure by studying law, and was admitted to the bar in September,
1872. The same month he entered Harvard College, from which he was
graduated in 1876, second in rank in a class numbering about one hun-
dred and thirty-five. The next year he received his degree from Har-
vard Law School and at once entered upon the practice of law in
Salem, although he continued to reside in Lynn until his marriage,
when he removed to Salem. He married, January 5, 1882, Aroline
Chase Pinkham, only daughter of Isaac and Lydia E. Pinkham, of
Lynn, and a descendant of one of the oldest Lynn families, and has four
children: William Pinkham Gove, born September 15, 1883; Lydia
Pinkham Gove, born November 24, 1885; Mary Gove, born December
14, 1892; and Caroline Gove, born May 21, 1895.
He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and of the Essex Bar
Association, a councillor of the Essex Institute for some five or six years
past, a trustee of the Salem Athenaeum, and a member of Bay State
Lodge, No. 40, 1. O. O. F., of Lynn, of Naumkeag Encampment, No. 13,
I. O. O. F., of Salem, and of Essex Lodge, F. and A. M., of Salem. He
is chairman of the Prudential Committee of the Independent Congre-
gational Church (Unitarian) in Barton Square in Salem, and of the
Executive Committee of the Second Church in Salem, the latter society
having been formed to take the place of the former and unite two
societies in one.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 353
Mr. Gove comes from a Republican family, of the old Quaker, anti-
slavery sort, and is himself a loyal Republican. Hi- has always taken
a keen interest in public questions and affairs, whether local, State, or
national. He is the author and advocate of an improved system of
proportional representation, to which subject he has given much atten-
tion. From 1878 to 1881, inclusive, he was an active member of the
Lynn School Committee, and, as such, made a thorough revision of the
course of study and the rules and regulations of the committee. In
1889 he was elected a member of the Republican City Committee of
Salem and has remained a member ever since, serving efficiently as
Secretary of the committee from 1891 to 1897 inclusive, and as chair-
man in 1898 and 1899. In 1893 he was elected Alderman and served as
such for three years, being President of the board in 1895 and 1896.
RANE,WINTHROP MURRAY, Lieutenant-Governor of Mas-
sachusetts since January, 1897, is a member of the well-
known family of paper manufacturers. He was born April
23, 1853, in Dalton, Mass., where his father, Zenas Crane,
established himself in the paper business about one hundred years ago.
Mr. Crane received a public and private school education, and has
been engaged from early manhood in papei manufacturing. He has
also been for several years a prominent member of the Republican
party. In 1892 he was a delegate-at-large from Massachusetts to the
Republican National Convention at Minneapolis which nominated Gen-
eral Harrison for the Presidency, and in 1896 served in a similar
capacity at the St. Louis Convention which nominated McKinley and
Hobart. During the intervening years between these two conventions
he was the Massachusetts member of the Republican National Com-
mittee. In 1896 Mr. Crane was nominated by the Republican State Con-
vention as candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of the Commonwealth
and was elected, and in 1897 was again nominated for that office and
re-elected. This is his first public office. He has discharged its duties,
however, with great ability and satisfaction, and is regarded as one of
the leading Republicans of Massachusetts. He resides in Dalton.
OTLE, RUFUS ALBERTSON, of New Bedford. Mass., is one
of four sons, all of whom served in the Civil War — one in
each arm of the service, infantry, cavalry, artillery, and
navy. His father, Thomas Howard Soule, was a ship
builder, and a direct descendant of George Soule, one of the immortal
354 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
band of Mayflower Pilgrims, of the Plymouth Colony (1020). His
mother, Margaret Albertson Dunham, was the daughter of George
Dunham, an officer in the War of 1812, and a granddaughter of George
Dunham, Sr., an officer in the Revolution. The Dunhams and Albert-
sons were also early settlers of Plymouth.
Mr. Soule was born in Mattapoisette, Plymouth County, Mass.,
March 16, 1839, but received his education in the public schools of New
Bedford, Bristol County, where he has spent the most of his life, having
moved there with his parents when a small boy. For several years he
was employed as a clerk in the office of the Union Boot and Shoe Com-
pany, of New Bedford. In 1865 he engaged in shoe manufacturing
under the firm name of Hathaway & Soule, which has since been incor-
porated under the present style of Hathaway, Soule & Harrington, Mr.
Soule being President; H. A. Harrington, Treasurer and Manager;
H. E. Reed, Assistant Treasurer; and G. A. Walker, Assistant Man-
ager. This is the largest corporation of its class in New Bedford, doing
a business of about one million dollars annually, and having factories
in New Bedford and Middleboro, Mass., and offices in New Bedford,
Boston, New York, Chicago, London, and Melbourne and Sydney, Aus-
tralia. They manufacture all kinds of men's shoes.
A staunch and active Republican in politics since he cast his first
vote, Mr. Soule has filled many positions of trust with the same ability
and energy which he has displayed so successfully in business affairs.
He was a member of the New Bedford Common Council for five years
(1869-71 and 1874-75) and its President in 1874; a member of the Mas-
sachusetts House of Representatives in 1878 and 1879, serving on the
Committee on Railroads; and in June, 1894, was appointed Chairman
of the Board of License Commissioners of New Bedford for a term of
six years, but resigned in 1895. He was elected to the State Senate for
1896, and was re-elected for the years 1897, 1898, and 1899, and in that
body has served on such important committees as Banks and Banking,
State House Printing (of which he was Chairman in 1896), Drainage,
and Railroads (Chairman in 1897, 1898, and 1899). He is now (1899)
senior Senator in point of service. His six nominations for the House
and Senate have all been unanimous, not a single delegate voting or
working against him.
Senator Soule is an able statesman, a brilliant and successful busi-
ness man, and a recognized leader of the Republican party. He is
President of Hathaway, Soule & Harrington, Incorporated, of the
Dartmouth Cotton Mill, and of the Acushnet Co-operative Bank, of
New Bedford; Vice-President of the New Bedford Safe Deposit and
Trust Company; a director of the City and Bristol Cotton Mills, of the
A. L. Blackmer Company (cut-glass works), and of the New Bedford
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 355
Co-operative Bank; a trustee of the Xew Bedford Five Cent Savings
Bank; and a member and former President of the New Bedford Board
of Trade. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a member and former Presi-
dent of the New Bedford Veteran Firemen's Association, and a mem-
ber of the Middlesex Club, the Dartmouth and Wamsutta Clubs of New
Bedford, the Saturday Night Club, and the Yacht Club of Hyannis,
where he has a summer home. He is also a member and Past Com-
mander of Post 190, G. A. R., and a member of the Loyal Legion, hav-
ing enlisted and served in the Third Massachusetts Infantry in the War
of the Rebellion. His three brothers also served in that war : William
T. Soule enlisting in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, Henry W. in
Battery E, Massachusetts Light Artillery, and Thomas H., Jr., in the
Navy. The latter served under Farragut at the battle of Mobile Bay,
and Henry W. was killed at Gettysburg.
In 1860 Senator Soule married Susan C. Nesmith, of Brooks, Me.,
and their children are Margaret Howard, wife of Garry de N. Hough,
M.D.; Lois M., wife of Alexander T. Smith; and Rufus Albertson
Soule, Jr., a graduate of Brown University, class of 1899.
AMPSON, WILLIAM WALLACE, Postmaster of Maiden,
Mass., since 1890, when in a Republican caucus he defeated
Ms opponent by a large majority, is a man of great energy
and recognized ability. So well did he administer the
duties of his office, and so popular and heartily was he supported by the
people, that he was reappointed Postmaster by President Cleveland in
1894 — as a Republican — over several Democratic candidates, and has
served in that capacity to the present time, giving to his duties his un-
divided attention. He served in the Civil War, enlisting as a private in
Company C, Eighth Maine Volunteers, in August, 1861. In November,
1862, he was selected by General Rufus Saxton, Military Governor of
South Carolina, for Second Lieutenant of Company G, First South Caro-
lina Volunteers and afterward in the Thirty-third United States
Colored. Infantry, the first colored regiment ever mustered into the
military service of the United States. January 10, 1863, he was pro-
moted to First Lieutenant, and during the summer of the same year
\vas commissioned Captain of Company H of the same regiment. He
was placed on detached service in November, 1864, and as Acting
Assistant Inspector-General on the staff of Brigadier-General A. S.
Hartwell. In 1865 he held the same position on the staff of Major-
General John P. Hatch, whose command operated with General Sher-
356
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
man in the campaign of the ( 'arolinas. He was mustered out of service
January 31. 1800, at Charleston. S. C.
Mr. Sampson was born in Turner, Me., September 12. 1841. and is a
son of Elisha and Sylvia (Guruey) Sampson. Upon his father's side he
is descended from Henry Sampson. \vho came with the Pilgrims in the
Mayflower and settled in Plymouth. Mass. His grandparents settled
in Greene, Me., coming from Dnxbury, Mass., about 1SOO. His mother
WILLIAM W. SAMPSON.
was born in Abington. Mass., in 1801, and died in the same town in
1895.
William W. Sampson was educated in Turner, Me., and in Abing-
ton, Mass., graduating from the Turner High School prior to his en-
trance into the military service in 1861. After his return from the
army he was engaged in business in Boston. Mass.. with Nathaniel
Tucker & Co., a wholesale boot and shoe house on Pearl street. He re-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 357
maiued with them until 1808, when he went to Kansas and engaged in
the business of cattle raising until 1874, when he returned East,
settling in Maiden, Mass., and associating himself with A. F. Crocker
& Co. until he was appointed Postmaster in 1890. Mr. Sampson is a
member of Major-General Hiram G. Berry Post, No. 40, G. A. R., of
Gordon Forest Command, Union Veterans Union, and of Mount Ver-
non Lodge, F. and A. M., all of Maiden.
He was married to Miss Lottie A. Loud, of South Weymouth, Mass.,
in October. 1864. She died in the fall of 1866. In 1868 he married
Miss Emma B. Reed, also of South Weymouth, and they have eight
children : Wallace Ashton, Charles F.. Albert D., Lottie E., Mrs. Cora
\v. Barnard, Mrs. Eva M. Hilt/,, Nina, and Hazel.
HAYER, PHILO ELISHA, prominent manufacturer and Re-
publican of Pawtucket, R. I., was born in South Belling-
ham, Mass., March 4, 1847. He is the son of Samuel and
Miranda (Sherman) Thayer and in the ninth generation
of the Thayer family in America, the first of whom, Richard and
Thomas Thayer, arrived with their families from Braintree, Essex
County, England, and settled in Bramtree, Mass., in 1630.
Mr. Thayer obtained his educational training in the common and
high schools of WToonsocket, R. I., and West Milton, Ohio, and for
several years was employed in a brush factory and afterward in a
grocery store. In 1873 he became a partner in a brush manufactory,
and in 1880 the sole proprietor, and has since conducted the business in
Pawtucket, R. I., under the firm name of P. E. Thayer & Co. From 1886
to 1893 he was also half-owner in the Woonsocket Brush Company.
An ardent Republican in politics, Mr. Thayer was a member of the
Rhode Island Legislature from May, 1894, to May, 1897, a member of
the Pawtucket City Council for five years from 1886 to 1892 and again
in 1895, and a member of the Board of Aldermen for some time, being
elected President of that body January 6, 1896. He was re-elected to
the General Assembly April 6, 1898. He has also been active
in military matters, being First Lieutenant of the Woonsocket
Light. Artillery in 1869 and 1870. In ;ill of these positions he has dis-
played marked ability, unswerving integrity, and sound common sense.
He is a 32d degree Mason and a member of Palestine Temple, Nobles
of the Mystic Shrine, and is also a member of Eureka Lodge, I. O. O. F.,
of Pawtucket Council, R. A., of Hope Lodge, Knights of Honor, of the
West Side Club of Providence, of the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso-
358
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ciation, of the Garfield Club of Pawtucket, and of the Rhode Island
Universalist Club.
Mr. Thayer was married March 7, 1866, to Georgianna F. Arnold,
and has two daughters : Annie L. and Hattie M.
LADDING, ROYAL HENRY, one of the promising young
attorneys of Providence, R. L, is a native of that city, born
May 19, 1869, and a son of Henry Bruce and Mary E. Hunt-
ington (Ruggles) Gladding. His father wras a prominent
business man, and for many years a member of the firm of Gladding
Brothers & Tibbitts, proprietors of the leading book store in Providence.
He is a descendant of John Glad-
ding, who came from England to
America in 1640, settling at Bristol,
R. I.
Royal H. Gladding attended the
public schools of Providence, and
subsequently entered Brown Uni-
versity, graduating with the class
of 1892. He obtained his legal edu-
cation as a student of the Harvard
Law School and in the office of C.
Frank Parkhurst, one of the leading
attorneys of Providence, and was
admitted to the bar of Rhode Island
in 1894. He at once began practice,
and is now well established, with
offices in the Banigan Building,
Providence.
He was nominated by the Repub-
licans and elected, in April, 1898, as a representative to the General
Assembly from the Ninth Providence District, and, though a young
man, has already achieved prominence at the bar and in politics.
ROYAL H. GLADDING.
OPKINS, WILLIAM SMITH, Treasurer of the Woonsocket
(R. I.) Machine and Press Company, Avas born in Provi-
dence, R. L, January 20, 1849, the son of William L. and
Elizabeth Hopkins. His father was for many years a lead-
ing real estate broker, and a lineal descendant of Thomas Hopkins,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 359
who was born in England in 1616, and who came to Providence in
1640.
Mr. Hopkins received his education iii the public schools of his native
city. He has been for a number of years one of the recognized leaders
of the Republican party in Ms section. He was elected a member of the
Common Council of Woonsocket, R. I., where he resides, December 8,
1891, and served two years, and a member of the Woonsocket Board of
Aldermen December 4, 1893, serving one year. He was chosen a mem-
ber and Chairman of the Republican City Committee September 27,
1892, and served six years, declining a renomination. March 12, 1895,
he was elected a member of the Republican State Central Committee of
Rhode Island, and is still serving in that capacity. These positions
as well as every station in life he has filled with acknowledged ability,
integrity, and honor. Mr. Hopkins is a 32d degree Mason, a member
of the Woonsocket Business Men's Association, and widely respected
and esteemed.
He was married May 1, 1878, to Lucy Martin Briggs, of Providence,
R. L, and has two children : William Albert Hopkins, born November
8, 1884, and Alice Briggs Hopkins, born June 13, 1889.
OLDEN, FRANK EUGENE, of Woonsocket, R. I., is the son
of Thomas B. and Sarah (Stone) Holden, and was born in
Salem, Mass., November 17, 1861. His ancestors came to
this country from England. He was educated in the com:
mon and high schools of Newton, Mass., and in 1880 became a clerk
for the New York and New England Railroad Company in Woonsocket,
R. I., where he has since resided. In 1888 he resigned the position of
freight cashier to engage in the coal business in that city, and in 1890
became a director in the Woonsocket Spool and Cotton Company, to
whom he sold his coal business, continuing, however, in charge of the
same as a special department of their plant, with enlarged accommoda-
tions. In May, 1894, Mr. Holden again assumed the ownership of the
coal business, and with H. C. Card, Jr., as a partner, conducted it under
the style of the New England Coal Company, doing an extensive retail
and wholesale business. Mr. Holden personally devoted his attention
to the wholesale department, supplying many of the largest manufac-
turing establishments in Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Subse-
quently he sold his retail business, and under his own name is success-
fully extending his manufacturing trade all over New England.
In politics Mr. Holden is an ardent and enthusiastic Republican. He
360 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
was a member and President of the Woonsocket Common Council in
1890 and 1S91, Chairman of the Board of Sewer Commissioners of
Woonsocket from 1893 to 1897, and has been a Representative to the
Rhode Island General Assembly since May, 1894, and Speaker of the
House since May, 1898. The ability and sound judgment which he
displayed in these capacities, and his activity in party affairs, brought
him into wide prominence, and won for him a high reputation. He is a
director of the Citizens' National Bank of Woonsocket, has been First
Vice-President of the Woonsocket Business Men's Association, and is
a prominent 32d degree Mason, holding membership in Morning Star
Lodge, in Union Royal Arch Chapter, in Woonsocket Commandery,
K. T., and in Palestine Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is
also a member of the Odd Fellows, the Royal Arcanum, the Ancient
Order of TJnited Workmen, and the United Order of the Golden Cross.
A great lover of music, Mr. Holden has been President of the Woon-
socket Choral Association, and is a member of the Woonsocket Baptist
Church, serving as Secretary of the Building Committee during the
erection of the new church edifice. He is also State Commissioner of
the Providence and Worcester Railroad.
Mr. Holden was married Octr.ber 18, 18S4, to Hattie A. Devere, and
has one daughter, Grace Beatrice.
IEPKE, HENRY EDWIN, of Pawtucket, R. I., is the son of
Henry G. and Tabitha S. .(Leach) Tiepke, and was born in
what was then Pawtucket, Mass., March 21, 1857. The
locality became a part of Rhode Island in 1862, hence Mr.
Tiepke is practically a native as well as a life-long resident of that
State. His father, a German by birth and descent, was graduated from
the University of Berlin, gained distinction as a professor of languages,
and for fourteen years was actively connected with Dom Pedro's Impe-
rial College at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At the time of his death he was
First Assistant to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries at Ottawa,
Canada. His wife, Tabitha S. (Leach) Tiepke, was born in this coun-
try of English ancestors.
Henry E. Tiepke attended the public schools of Pawtucket and took
a special course of instruction in the Berlitz School of Languages. He
commenced his business life as a machine or " grey " boy in a large
print works, where he steadily rose to important positions. At various
periods he was employed as clerk by George Mumford & Co., of Paw-
tucket, by Sargent & Co., of New York City, and by the Fales & Jencks
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 361
Machine Company, of Pawtucket. In 1884 he became the New Eng-
land manager of the Iron Clad Manufacturing Company, of New York,
which position he held until 1896, when he resigned. Mr. Tiepke de-
veloped great business and executive ability, and achieved success in
every position.
He has been for many years a prominent figure in the municipality of
Pawtucket, K. I., where he resides, and has gained a reputation which
extends beyond the State, his activity in the Republican party giving
him a recognized leadership. Beginning as District Clerk and Mod-
erator, his rise in public affairs has been steady and regular, while the
ability and fidelity with which he has discharged every trust have won
for him the entire confidence of the community. He was a member of
the Pawtucket Common Council in 1888, 1889, and 1890, a member of
the Board of Aldermen in 1891, and Mayor of the city in 1894, 1895,
and 1896, serving in each capacity with great credit and satisfaction.
For some time he was Chairman of the Republican City Committee,
and it is to his honor that no Democrat was elected to office on th£
general ticket while he held that position. He was active in the
organization of the National Republican League at Chickering Hall,
New York, in 1887. and was some time President of the League in
Rhode Island. He also organized the celebrated Garfield Club, of Paw-
tucket, of which President McKinley and several members of his cab-
inet are members.
Mr. Tiepke was appointed Commissioner of Industrial Statistics of
Rhode Island by Governor Brown in 1892, to fill an unexpired term,
and was reappointed in June, 1893, by Governor Brown, in 1895 by
Governor Lippitt, and in 1897 and 1899, by Governor Dyer, and is still
serving in that capacity. He was also appointed Captain and Aide-de-
Camp by Governor Dyer and assigned to the supervision of the military
census of Rhode Island, and on August 13, 1898, he was appointed
Captain and Chief of Staff by President McKinley. He is a member of
Union Lodge, No. 70, A. F. and A. M., of Pawtucket Chapter, R. A. M.,
of Pawtucket Council, R. and S. M., of Holy Sepulchre Commandery,
K. T., of Enterprise Lodge, I. O. O. F., of PaAvtucket Lodge, A. O. U. W.,
of Mt. Horeb Senate, K. A. E. O., of the Providence Athletic
Association, of the Republican Club of New York City, and of
the Norfolk Club of Boston. He is also an associate member
of Tower Post, No. 17, G. A. R., and prominently identified with
the social, political, and charitable interests of his city. He has
been especially interested in municipal ownership of street lighting
for purely public purposes, but not to the extent of infringing upon
commercial territory; in the ordinances relative to city contracts; and
in the Australian system of municipal elections, of which he is a strong
362 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
advocate. Many other reforms, enterprises, and worthy movements
have received his support. He is enthusiastic in all ho attempts, and
in both official and private capacities has rendered valuable service to
his city, State, and party.
April 25, 1882, Mr. Tiepke married, in Pawtucket, R. I., Marietta
Harkness Paine, daughter of Joseph Hodges and Francis Paine, and
a lineal descendant of Rosier Williams.
TTER, GEORGE HERBERT, founder and editor of the Wes
terly (R. I.) Daili/ Sun and Secretary of State in 1891-93,
is the son of George B. and Mary Starr (Maxon) Utter, and
a gTandson on his mother's side of John Maxson, a lineal de-
scendant of one of Newport's earliest settlers. His mother's maternal
grandmother was the daughter of Jesse Starr, of Newport, R. I., and a
granddaughter of Vine Starr, both Revolutionary soldiers, and
through them Colonel Utter traces his ancestry in an unbroken line to
Elder William Brewster, who came to Plymouth in the Mayflower in
1620. George B. Utter was a native of Oneida County, New York,
whither his parents had removed from Hopkintou, R. I.
George H. Utter was born in Plainfield, N. J., July 24, 1854, but re-
moved at an early age to Westerly, R. I., where he received his pre-
liminary education. He also spent two years in the preparatory de-
partment of Alfred University at Alfred, N. Y., and another two years
at the Westerly High School, and then entered Amherst College in
Massachusetts, from which he was graduated in 1877. Having pre-
viously learned the printer's trade, Mr. Utter associated himself, on
leaving college, with his father and uncle, publishers of the Westerly
Weekly, and upon the death of his uncle in 1886 he became a member
of the firm and on the death of his father in 1893 sole owner. In Au-
gust of the latter year he established the Westerly Daily XHII, of which
he is still the editor and proprietor. He also continues the ^^'cek1y, and
has brought both papers to a high degree of usefulness and efficiency.
Mr. Utter's success as a journalist has been marked. He is an able
writer, a man of broad attainments, and an executive manager of un-
usual force. A strong Republican in politics, he has not only made his
newspapers a power in party affairs, but has personally exerted an im-
portant influence upon both local and State questions, and has filled
several offices with honor and satisfaction. He has served as a trustee
of School District No. 1, of Westerly, as Colonel on the staff of Gov-
ernor Bourn from 1883 to 1885, and as a member of the Rhode Island
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 363
House of Representatives from 1885 to 1889. being Speaker of that
body the last year. He was a member of the State Senate from 1889 to
1891, and in 1891 was elected Secretary of State, to which office he wan
twice re-elected, declining a fourth nomination.
May 19, 1880; Mr. Utter married Elizabeth L. Brown, of Allsfon,
Mass., and they have had four children : George Benjamin. Henry
Edwin, Mary Starr, and Wilfred Brown.
DIES, CHARLES PARMENTER, the first Mayor of the city
of Central Falls, R. I., was born March 24, 1845, in North
Providence, now the city of Pawtucket, and is a son of
Thomas and Susan W. (Seymour) Moies. On his maternal
side he descends from Captain John George Curien, his great-grand-
father, wrho came from France with Lafayette and served in the War
of the Revolution. His father's fathej^kJohn Moies, was descended
from the old Massachusetts family of the name who were connected
with the early settlement of that State. John Moies married Anna
Robinson, of Dorchester. Thomas Moies, father of Charles P., was born
in Northampton, Mass., December 24, 1819, came to Central Falls when
a boy, and worked for his brothers, John and Charles, manufacturers
of cotton cloths and thread. He also devoted a large portion of his life
to the public service, being President for many years of the Town Coun-
cil and Treasurer of the town of Lincoln from the time it was set off
from Smithfield until his death. His brother Charles was also for years
a public officer in the old town of Smithfield and the towni of Lincoln,
and occupied many offices of trust and responsibility.
Charles P. Moies was educated in the public schools of Central Falls
and in Schofield's Commercial College at Providence. He began his
business career in the office of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy
Railroad in Chicago, but returned to his home in 1866 and entered the
Pawtucket Institution for Savings as clerk and assistant to his father,
who was Treasurer of that corporation. After the death of his father
he was elected (in November, 1886) to succeed him as Treasurer, and
has filled the position to the present time (1899). In May, 1885, he
was elected Treasurer of the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insurance Com-
pany and is still serving in that capacity. In January, 1881, he was
elected Treasurer of the Central Falls Fire District, to succeed his
uncle. Charles Moies, who hold the office for twenty-six years, and con-
tinued in that office until it was abolished by the establishment of a city
government. He succeeded his father as Treasurer of School Districts
364
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Xos. 1 and 2 and served as such until they were absorbed in the adop-
tion of a town system. He also succeeded his father as Treasurer of the
town of Lincoln, and served until the city of Central Falls was estab-
lished. Although a Republican, he was elected each year as Treasurer
of the School and Fire Districts and of the town without opposition.
March 18, 1895, he was elected Mayor of the newly created city of
Central Falls, which office he held until January C, 1896. In 1885 he
represented the town of Lincoln in the lower House of the State Legis-
lature.
When seventeen years of age Mr. Moies left school and enlisted in
Company B, Eleventh Rhode Island Volunteers, and served for nine
months in the Civil War. He is a member of Ballon Post, No. 3.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 365
G. A. B., Dept. of E. I., of which he served two years as Commander.
He is also a member of the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the
Knights of Honor, the Veteran Firemen's Association, and the Paw-
tucket Business Men's Association.
Mr. Moies was married December 19, 1876, to Miss Florence Damon
Wetherell, daughter of Zelotes Wetherell, one of the old residents of
Pawtucket, B. I. They have one child, Charles P., Jr.
FED, GEOBGE AUGUSTUS, of Framingham, Mass., is the
son of Jefferson Eeed, a prominent farmer, and Eliza Brig-
ham, and Avas born in Concord, Mass., September 10, 1842.
He spent his early life attending the public schools in Fram-
ingham, Concord, and Littleton, in farm work, in the shoe factories of
Natick, and in the mills at Saxonville, all in his native State. At the
outbreak of the Eebellion he promptly offered his services in support
of the Union. The Sixth Massachusetts, the first regiment in the War
of 1861, reached Washington after a fight in the streets of Baltimore
that for tiie second time made the 19th of April forever memorable in
the annals- of 'the Commonwealth. In this famous regiment, in Com-
pany E, of Acton, was George A. Eeed. Before he was nineteen years
of age he completed his service and immediately re-enlisted in the
Twenty-sixth Massachusetts Infantry. A few months later, in the
spring of 1862, he was with the command of General Butler in New
Orleans. Mr. Eeed enlisted for the third time and returned home at the
end of the war with the commission of lieutenant, earned by faithful
and loyal service.
He again resumed his duties in the mills of Saxonville. June 6, 1866,
he entered the employ of the Boston and Albany Eailroad Company
as a brakeman, being soon afterward made conductor. Then began
that long and arduous service of over thirty-three years that has made
him known and respected by thousands of people in every rank in life.
His service as a conductor on that road covers the period since Septem-
ber 8, 1871 — tv/enty eight years. Mr. Eeed was for three years a mem-
ber of the Board of Selectmen of Framingham; a member of the Massa-
chusetts House of Eepresentatives in 1889, serving on the Committees
on Militaiy Affairs and Federal Eelations; and a member of the State
Senate in 1895 and 1896, being Chairman of the Committee on Federal
Eelations and a member of those on Military Affairs, Towns, and
Water Supply.
Mr. Eeed has long been a recognized leader of the Bepublican party
36(i HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
iu liis section, and has tilled every position with credit and ability. He
is a member of Meredian Lodge, F. and A. M., of Parker Chapter.
K. A. M'., of Natick Commandery, K. T., of the Nobles of the Mystic
Shrine, of Natick Council, No. 126, R. A., of Saxonville Lodge, No. 88,
I. O. O. F., of Refuge Degree Lodge, No. 118, of the Middlesex Club,
of the Order of Railroad Conductors, No. 157, of Fair Oaks Command,
No. 20, U. A'. IL, and of the Massachusetts Minute Men of '61. He is
also Past Commander of Burnside Post 142, G. A. R.
October 15, 1872, Mr. Reed married Annie Elizabeth Johnson, of
Brooklyn, Conn., and their children are William Edward Reed and
Aunabelle Elizabeth Reed. They reside at Saxonville, Framingham,
Mass.
USHING, HENRY GREENWOOD, of Lowell, was born Oc-
tober 8, 1834, in Abington, Plymouth County, Mass., and
was the son of Greenwood and .Mary Hobart (Reed) Cush-
ing. The Cushings in America are descended from Mat-
thew Cushing, who embarked from Gravesend, England, April 26,
1638, and settled in Hingham, Mass. The ancestry of this family has
been traced five generations back from Matthew in England. From
Matthew6 is descended Daniel7, Theophilus8. Adam9, Adam10, Ezra11,
Brackley12, and Greenwood13, the father of Henry G. Mary Hobart
Reed was a daughter of Isaac and Sarah (Pulling) Reed. Major John
Pulling was a member of the famous Boston Tea Party and the man
who hung out the lanterns in the Old North Church tower as a signal
to Paul Revere to notify the patriots of Concord and Lexington of tin-
coming of British troops.
Henry G. Gushing received good educational advantages in his youth,
commencing his studies in the public schools of his native town. This
was supplemented by courses of special study in the academy at Abing-
ton and at Willistou Seminary in Easthampton, Mass. After leaving
school he entered the employ of Chandler & Co., dry goods merchants
of Boston, and after several years in their employ he began the manu-
facture of boots and shoes in Abington. At the outbreak of the Civil
War he enlisted in the Eighth New Hampshire Volunteers, upon its or-
ganization in November, 1861. He was commissioned Second and sub-
sequently First Lieutenant, and was detailed and served on staff duty
under Brigadier-Generals Phelps, Cahill, and H. E. Paine, and Major-
General W. T. Sherman, and after two years' service was honorably
discharged for physical disability contracted by hardships. In 1867
he went West and engaged in the dry goods business in Chicago, and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
367
before the great fire there was the head of one of the largest dry goods
firms in that city. After the fire he returned to Massachusetts and in
1875 was appointed Deputy Sheriff for Middlesex County by Hon.
Charles Kimball, Sheriff, and was appointed Special Sheriff by Hon.
Eben W. Fiske, Sheriff Kimball's successor. Upon the death of Sheriff
HENRY G. GUSHING.
Fiske in 1883 he was appointed Sheriff for the unexpired term by Gov-
ernor Butler and at the ensuing election in November was elected to
the office. He was re-elected for each consecutive term of three years
each and continued to serve until his death in 1899. Mr. Cushing ad-
ministered the affairs of this important office with rare executive abil-
368 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ity. The county is second in size and population in the State, and con-
tains many public institutions which were under his direct manage-
ment. To fill the office of Sheriff of this large county, containing many
thriving cities and towns, requires superior mental and physical attri-
butes. His long term of service gave him an exact knowledge of all
the multitudinous details of the position to whrch he devoted the best
years of his life, and rendered him an official servant not easily re-
placed.
Mr. Cushing was always an active Kepublican, an efficient worker
for the welfare and progress of the party, and a counsellor of value to
the party leaders. He was a member of James A. Garfield Post, No.
120, G. A. K., and of the Massachusetts Commandery and Consistory of
the Loyal Legion.
He was united in marriage March 17, 1806, at Woodstock, Conn.,
to Mrs. Susan J. Burgess, nee Watson.
OHNSON, IVEli, known throughout the country as the
founder of Iver Johnson's Arms and Cycle Works, manu-
facturers of firearms and bicycles, was born in Nordfjord,
Norway, February 14, 1841. In 1803 he settled in Worces-
ter, Mass., and in 1871 associated himself in business with Martin I've.
They hired a small factory on Church street in that city and began the
manufacture of revolvers, doing business under the firm name of John-
son, Bye & Co. In 1873 the business had so increased as to necessitate
its removal to larger quarters in the building at 44 Central street, which
entire building was purchased by the firm in IS"."). As the business in-
creased room after room was added for manufacturing purposes, un-
til, in 1881, the whole building was in use. Two years later Mr. John-
son bought out the interest of Martin Bye, and since that time the bus-
iness has been conducted under the present firm name. In 1881 Mr.
Johnson established agencies in New York, Boston, and other large
cities in the United States, and in Canada and Mexico, and his goods
were known in all sections of the country. Besides manufacturing fire-
arms, under its own patents, the firm was making drop-forcings, and in
1885 bicycles were added to its manufactures.
In 1891 Mr. Johnson removed to Fitchbnrg, Mass., purchasing the
plant owned by the Walter Heywood Chair Manufacturing Company.
At the time of starting the manufacture of bicycles the firm made
about one thousand machines a year, and the business has constantly
increased, until they now build about twenty thousand a year, together
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 369
with a large quantity of revolvers and single shotguns, having between
seven hundred and eight hundred employees. The works comprise
seven large buildings, — each as large as an ordinary factory, — contain-
ing over 200,000 square feet of floorage. The buildings are equipped
with all modern conveniences, such as fire appliances, heating and
ventilating arrangements, electric lights and bells, speaking tubes,
telephones in all departments, elevators, etc., together with three 500-
light dynamos and all modern machinery, tools, etc. A skilled force
of metallurgists is employed, and they have every facility for testing,
both chemical and mechanical. " Tver Johnson " arms and cycles arc
known throughout the country as " Honest Goods at Honest Prices,"
being so named by the dealers. The firm make their own forgings, and
also their peculiar construction of flush joints, which originated with
this company, it being a fundamental principle with them not to buy
any part which can be manufactured within their own works. Their
output of revolvers and shotguns is larger than all the small firearms'
manufacturers combined, the popularity of Iver Johnson arms being
due to their superior construction, and the excellent workmanship and
material employed in their manufacture.
Iver Johnson was a close student of economic questions, and while
living in Worcester was a director in the Sovereign Co-operative Store,
a director in three co-operative banks of the city, President of the
Equity Co-operative Bank for several years, Vice-President of the Home
Co-operative Bank, and a charter member of all three of these banks.
In politics he was an ardent and consistent Eepublican, although he
never held public office. He was a strong believer in a high tariff. He
kept his residence in Worcester for a time after removing his business
to Fitchburg, but eventually moved his family to the last named city,
selling his Worcester home and severing his connections there. He
was a 32d degree Mason and a member of Worcester Lodge.
Mr. Johnson was married, in 1869, to Mary Elizabeth Speirs, of Nor-
wich, Conn., who bore him five children : Nettie Bright, who died when
very young; and Frederic I., J. Lovell, Walter O., and Mary L., all
of whom were born in Worcester.
Mr. Johnson died on August 3, 1895, having been in failing health
for some years. At the time of his death he was a director of the
Fitchburg National Bank, a trustee of the Fitchburg Savings Bank,
and President of the Iver Johnson Sporting Goods Company.
Frederic I. Johnson was educated at Worcester Academy. J. Lovell
Johnson received his education at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute
and the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College in Boston, Mass. Wal-
ter O. Johnson was educated in the Drexel Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.
All are now connected with the business.
370 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
IfOWN, DANIEL RUSSELL, thirty-ninth Governor of Rhode
Island (1892-95), was born at Bolton, Tolland County,
Conn., March 28, 1848, son of Arba Harrison and Harriet
M. Dart Brown. He is descended from a fine line of an-
cestry, which made an honorable and conspicuous record in Colonial
history. Three of his ancestors were among the Mayflower Pilgrims,
and he is eligible, therefore, to membership in " The Sons of Colonial
Wars " and the " Mayflower Society." His youth was spent on his
father's farm and his early education was obtained in the Bolton dis-
trict schools. Subsequently he prosecuted his studies at the academy
at Manchester and still later at Hartford. Having completed the
course of study, he entered at once on a business career, beginning as a
clerk in a hardware store at Rockville, Conn. Two years afterward he
became head salesman in the leading hardware establishment at Hart-
ford. In January, 1870, he took charge of the mill supply store owned
by Cyrus White in Providence, R. I. Within three months he formed a
partnership with William Butler & Son, the style becoming Butler,
Brown & Co., and in 1877 the firm of Brown Brothers & Co., as it then
became, was the largest establishment of its kind in the United States.
In 1893 the company was incorporated as the Brown Brothers Com-
pany.
While giving close attention to his large and constantly increasing
business interests he found time to take an active and intelligent part
in political affairs. A staunch Republican, he became a foremost
member of the party in the city and State. In 1880 he was elected to
the Common Council of the city of Providence, serving in that body
four years. In 1885 he was nominated by the Republicans as Mayor of
Providence, but declined the honor. In 1888 he was one of the presi-
dential electors of the State, and in 1892 was nominated and elected
Governor of Rhode Island, receiving 27,461 votes. The total vote was
54,679, the largest ever cast in the State. In 1893 he again was a can-
didate. David S. Baker, Jr., was the nominee of the Democrats, and
Henry B. Metcalf, of the Prohibitionists. The votes for the respective
candidates were 22,015, 21,830 and 3,265, and there being no choice by
the people, the choice devolved upon the General Assembly.
At the opening of the May session of the General Assembly the Dem-
ocrats, having a majority in the House of Representatives, proceeded to
unseat two Republicans, their purpose being to secure control of the
grand committee and thus be able to elect their candidate for Govern-
or. A resolution was then passed inviting the Senate to join the
House in grand committee to count the ballots and declare the result.
Recognizing the revolutionary and illegal scheme of the Democrats, the
Senate refused to go into grand committee, and passed a resolution of
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 371
adjournment until January, 1894. The House declined to concur and
laid the resolution on the table. The Senate then formally informed
Governor Brown that a difference existed between the two branches
of the General Assembly as to the date .of adjournment. Governor
Brown met the issue fairly and courageously. Exercising his preroga-
tive under the constitution he adjourned the Assembly until the fol-
lowing January. The Democrats denounced his action as unwarranted
and illegal and continued to hold rump sessions of the House until the
Assembly convened again. This was in January, 1894, and then by
every possible trick they endeavored to entrap the Governor, but failed.
He knew the course he should pursue and never deviated from it. The
result was that the palpable Democratic scheme to steal the State
offices was defeated and the danger that threatened orderly govern-
ment under the constitution was averted. The Democrats appealed to
the Supreme Court, but that body sustained Governor Brown, as did
the people of the State in a signal manner at the election in the follow-
ing April. The vote was the largest ever cast in Rhode Island. Gov-
ernor Brown polled 29,179 votes and David S. Baker, Jr., Democrat,
22,924, the former's plurality being 6,255.
It was largely due to Governor Brown's advocacy that the amend-
ment to the constitution providing for elections by plurality was
adopted. He also favored biennial elections and exercised a potent in-
fluence in securing the passage of the free text-book law, measures for
the improvement of highways, the anti-pool selling law, the medical
practitioners' law, the laws regulating the business of surety companies
and building and loan associations, the factory inspectors' law, and the
revision of the statutes. During his three years' administration Gov-
ernor Brown was especially interested in the State militia, and to his
wisdom and good judgment was in a great measure due the high stand-
ard in discipline and efficiency it then attained. Having displayed such
remarkable ability and tact in dealing with public affairs in his own
State, it was not at all surprising that his worth should be recognized
beyond its borders or that this recognition should come in the form of
making him New England's candidate for the Vice-Presidency before
the Republican National Convention in 1896. His defeat for the nomi-
nation was due mainly to the persistent support given by a number of
his delegates to Hon. Thomas B. Reed, of Maine, for the Presidency.
Governor Brown is a member of the Beneficent Congregational Church
in Providence, of the Young Men's Christian Association, and of over
thirty other benevolent, literary, and social organizations.
He was married at Providence, R. I., October 14, 1874, to Isabel,
daughter of Milton and Mary (Guild) Barrows. They have three chil-
dren : Milton Barrows, Isabel Russell, and Hope Caroline.
372
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
LDRICH, NELSON WILMARTH, of Providence, United
States Senator from Rhode Island, is the son of Anan E.
and Abby (Burgess) Aldrich and a descendant of old New
England ancestry. Born in Foster, R. I.. November 6, 1841,
he was educated in the public schools of Killingly, Conn., and at East
Greenwich Academy in his native State. He was a merchant in Prov-
idence until 1880. His ac-
knowledged business ability,
sterling integrity, s o u n d
judgment, practical wisdom,
and public spirit led him
into other enterprises and in-
stitutions and brought him
into prominence in public
and financial affairs. He
has been President of the
First National Bank of Prov-
idence and President of the
Providence Board of Trade,
and upon the re-organization
of the Union Railway Com-
pany of Providence he be-
came its President. He has
also been a trustee of the
Providence, Hartford and
Fishkill Railroad Company,
and a commissioner for the
Cove Lands since 1871. In
1869 Mr. Aldrich became a
member of the Providence
Common Council, and was
President of that body from
June, 1871, to January, 1873.
Mr. Aldrich was elected a Representative to the Rhode Island
General Assembly in 1875 and served two years, being Speaker
of the House the last year. In 1878 he was elected a member of the
Forty-sixth Congress from the First Congressional District of Rhode
Island, and was re-elected in 1880 by the largest vote ever cast for a
Representative in that district. He was elected United States Senator
in October, 1880, to succeed Senator Ambrose E. Burnside, deceased,
and, taking his seat at the beginning of the session in 1881, was succes-
sively re-elected, his present term expiring in March, 1906. As Chair-
man of the Senate Committee on Finance, as Chairman and member
NELSON W. ALDRICH.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 373
of the Committee on Rules, and as a champion of sound money and pro-
tection Senator Aldrich has wielded a powerful influence in National
legislation and rendered most efficient service to both the country and
the Eepublican party, of which he is a recognized leader. His thorough
business training, his work in the direction of practical rather than
purely political affairs, and his broad knowledge of commerce, trans-
portation, and finance have brought him into wide prominence, and in
many protracted and heated partisan contests he has displayed the
highest generalship.
Senator Aldrich was married October 9, 1866, to Miss Abby P.
Greene, and has eight children.
USTIN, AETHUR E., of Cranston, E. I., was born in Provi-
dence on the 23d of July, 1868. He was educated in the
Providence public schools, and is engaged in business as a
gold and silver refiner and smelter. A Bepublican in poli-
tics, Mr. Austin has for several years been active and influential in
local affairs and prominent in the councils of his party.
He was a member of the Town Council of Cranston for three years,
was Eepresentative to the Ehode Island General Assembly in 1896-98,
and in May, 1898, became State Senator. In the Senate in 1898-99 he
served on the Committees on Militia and Judiciary.
EAD, JOHN, of Cambridge, Mass., was graduated from Har-
vard College in the class of 1862, and in the same year en-
tered the United States service as Paymaster in the Navy.
He served until the close of the War of the Eebellion, in
1865, participating in ten engagements and being held a prisoner for
nine months in a stockade in Texas.
Mr. Read has been an ardent and enthusiastic Eepublican since he
was old enough to vote, and as a resident of Cambridge, Mass., has
taken an active interest in political affairs. He served for four years
as a member of the Cambridge city government, for one year (1888) as
a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and for two
years (1892 and 1893) as State Senator, discharging the duties of each
position with marked ability, fidelity, and satisfaction. He is a mem-
ber of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, of the Grand Army of
the Republic, and of the Kearsarge Veterans.
374 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ARTIN, WILLIAM PIERCE, of Medford, Mass., was born in
Lewiston, Me., July 30, 1858. His parents, Dr. Pearl Martin
and Mary D. Frye, moved from Lewiston to Medford in
May, 1869. Dr. Martin achieved distinction as a physician,
and from 1862 to 1865 was a surgeon of United States Volunteers in
the War of the Rebellion. His wife descended from Joseph Frye, a
Major-General in the Revolutionary War.
Mr. Martin was graduated from Bowdoin College in the class of
1880 and from the Boston University Law School with the degree of
LL.B. in 1883, and since the fall of that year has successfully practiced
his profession in Boston, residing in Medford. He has built up a large
and lucrative clientage, and is recognized as a lawyer of marked ability.
In public affairs he has also gained a high reputation. He was a
member of the Auditing Committee of the town of Medford in 1886 and
1887, and Representative from Medford in the Massachusetts Legisla-
ture in the Houses of 1893 and 1894, serving in the former year on the
Committees on Water Supply and Bills in the Third Reading and in
1894 as House Chairman of the Committee on Water Supply and
Clerk of the Special Committee on Corporation Laws. In 1893 he was
also a member of the Recess Committee on Corporation Laws which
reported the Anti-Stock Watering Bills, so-called, which were sub-
sequently passed by the Legislature in 1894.
Mr. Martin was Chairman of the Republican Town Committee in
Medford for eight years, and in this and various other capacities has
rendered valuable and effective service in tlie interest of the party. He
is one of the trustees of a large tract of valuable land in Medford
which has been developed during the last five years; and is also Past
Master of Mount Herman Lodge, F. and A. M., of Medford, and a mem-
ber of the Medford Club, the Sons of Veterans, and the Massachusetts
Society of Colonial Wars.
November 12, 1894, Mr. Martin married Jane M. Hammond, of Med-
ford, Mass., where they reside. They have one son, William Frye Mar-
tin, born June 26, 1897.
OOK, LOUIS AT WOOD, of South Weymouth, Mass., was
born in Blackstone, Mass., May 4, 1847, the son of Louis
and Orinda Ballou (Cook) Cook, and a descendant of
Walter Cook, who came from England and settled in Wey-
mouth prior to 1643. Afterward, in company with others from Wey-
mouth and Braintree, AValter Cook settled in what is now the town of
Mendon, Mass. During King Philip's war the company was driven
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 375
back to Weymouth, but he subsequently returned, and died in Mendoii.
Ichabod Cook, grandfather of Louis A., was a prosperous farmer of
Blackstone (formerly a part of Mendon), the author of two or three
books, and a Quaker preacher. He served a term in the Legislature,
and died aged seventy. His wife was Louisa Cook. His sou Louis, a
man of scholarly attainments, taught in the Friends' Boarding School
at Providence, R. I., and Avas a member of the School Committee in
Blackstone. He married Orinda Ballou Cook, October 16, 1843, and
died at the age of thirty-five. His Avidow survived until the fifty-sixth
year of her age. She was of Huguenot descent, and a member of the
Ballou family with Avhicli James A. Garfield Avas connected.
Louis A. Cook spent the most of his early life atCandleAvood, a farm in
Blackstone which derived its name from a neighboring hill where pine
knots were obtained for illumination. He Avas educated in the public
schools of Blackstone, Mass., in the Woonsocket (R. I.) High School,
and at Philips Exeter Academy. Several years of his boyhood were
spent in semi-invalidism through a severe Injury, accidentally received
when he Avas eleven years old, and Avhich threatened to be fatal. After
spending a short time in business, he engaged in school teaching at the
age of twenty-tAvo, and subsequently taught in Bellingham and Black-
stone, Mass., and at Smithfield and Manville, R. I. When tAventy-five
he was made head master of the Bates Grammar School in South Wey-
mouth, Mass., Avhere he has since resided. He held this position about
seven and one-half years.
In November, 1879, he Avas elected to the State Legislature, and in
January, 1880, lie resigned his position as teacher to take his seat.
Afterward he studied law (to Avhich he had previously given some
attention) with Aldrich & Jenckes, of Woonsocket, R. I., with James
Humphrey, of Boston, and with Jesse E. Keith, of Abington, Mass.,
and was admitted to the Plymouth County bar at Plymouth November
13, 1884. He opened offices at Abiugton, South Weymouth, and Bos-
ton, with William J. Coughlan and Daniel R. Coughlan, under the
firm name of Cook & Coughlan. In 1889 and 1890 he Avas again a mem-
ber of the State Legislature. In the convention of the First Norfolk
District delegates in 1892 he Avas for a time the leading candidate for
the Senatorial nomination, with more than eighty ballots in his favor,
and in three ballots came within one vote of the nomination. He has
served as a member of the School Committee both in Blackstone and
in Weymouth, and for ten years has presided as Moderator over the
annual town meetings of Weymouth. He is Chairman of the Park
Commissioners of Weymouth, and a Trustee of Tufts (town) Library.
July 30, 1896, he was appointed one of the Special Justices of the Dis-
trict Court of East Norfolk, an act of Governor Wolcott's, which gave
376 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
" great satisfaction to the appointee's hosts of friends." In November,
1S'J6, after a hot contest in the county convention and at the polls, he
was elected Clerk of Courts for Norfolk County by a plurality of more
than four thousand votes, and began his term of five years January 6,
1897.
Judge Cook is a leading Eepublican and a strict temperance man.
He is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars and of
Orion Commandery, No. 92, Order of the Golden Cross, and during his
first year in the Legislature had charge of all the prohibition legisla-
tion. It was mainly through his efforts and under his leadership that
the present celebrated " screen law," compelling saloon proprietors to
remove screens from their doors and windows, was passed. Judge Cook
also belongs to Agassiz Council, Koyal Arcanum, and Wildey Lodge,
No. 21, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In August, 1893, he was
elected Grand Master, the highest State office in the latter fraternity,
and he was Massachusetts representative at Chicago in the demonstra-
tion made by the Order at the World's Fair in the same year. In 1894 he
was one of the representatives to the Sovereign Lodge from Massachu-
setts at Chattanooga, Tenn., when the members were quartered and
the session was held at Lookout Inn, on the summit of Lookout Mount-
ain ; and he served in the session of 1895, held in Atlantic City, N. J.
Since then he has been Chairman of the Committee on Appeals of the
Grand Lodge of Massachusetts.
February 22, 1876, Judge Cook married Lucinda A. Clark, who was
born in Smithfield, R. I., and who is a daughter and one of five children
of Joseph S. Clark and Mercy M. (Aldrich) Clark. Their children are
Louis A., Jr., a student at Yale University class of 1900; Sidney Rogers,
a student in Thayer Academy; and Florence Maria.
BNNETT, JAMES WILLIAM, Mayor of the thriving city of
Lowell and a Republican who has been for many years an
important factor and one of the leaders of the party in his
section of Massachusetts, was born in Newmarket, N. H.,
March 21, 1833. His ancestors came to America in Colonial
days and have been prominent in civil and public life since 1635.
James Bennett, a member of the Ancient and Honourable Artillery of
London, came to New England in that year on the ship James. He
settled in Lynn, Mass., and became a man of means and influence, own-
ing the first corn mill in that section, and also engaging in the working
of iron. In 1675 Elisha Bennett, of Boston, is recorded as being a mar-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 377
iner. He subsequently removed to New Hampshire, where most of the
family to which branch James W. belongs were born and reared.
George Bennett, of that section, married Elizabeth Vaughn, daughter
of Lieutenant-Governor Vaughn, of New Hampshire. She was a
woman of broad culture, and when over ninety years of age translated
into English one of the books of Virgil. Captain Eleazer Bennett, of
Durham, N. H., was one of the company which captured Fort William
and Mary in December, 1774, six months before the battle of Lexing-
ton, Avhich is recorded in British annals as the first action of the rebels
against British soldiery, preparatory to the war of the Revolution. The
great-grandfather of Colonel Bennett was Josiah Bennett, born at New-
market, N. H., where his grandfather, James G., his father, Nathaniel
G., and himself were also born. James G. Bennett served in the navy
under Captain Perry during the War of 1812. Nathaniel G. Bennett,
father of James W., was born January 2, 1809, and followed the occu-
pation of farmer and blacksmith at Newmarket and Epping until his
death May 6, 1893.
Reared upon the home farm, Mr. Bennett passed his early life in
working summers and attending the district schools in winter. At the
age of fourteen he decided that farming was not his aim or ambition.
Obtaining the consent of his parents, he came direct to Lowell, Mass.,
and when he arrived in that city his capital stock upon which he com-
menced business was $1.25. This was in 1848, and the now thriving
and beautiful city of Lowell, containing over 80,000 people, was a much
smaller and less imposing town. His uncle, Abram Matthews, a car-
penter and builder, became his first employer, and with him he re-
mained, learning thoroughly his trade, for six years. During this
period, by working overtime, he saved money enough to attend the
private school of Mr. Thatcher, who materially assisted him in obtain-
ing a larger education, which he supplemented by reading and study
after his laboring hours. He remained with his uncle, for two years
more, working as a journeyman, and was then admitted as a partner
to the business, which association only lasted about eight months.
Then with his carpenter tools, a small sum of money, and a determina-
tion to succeed, Mr. Bennett embarked in business for himself, opening
a shop at the corner of Howard and Middlesex streets in Lowell. He
only remained in this location two years, when he removed to 564 Mid-
dlesex street, where his business office has since remained, and where
he has established one of the leading building and contracting houses
in his section of the State. Colonel Bennett has also been an extensive
operator in real estate and is probably at this time (1899) one of the
largest and most successful land holders in Lowell. He has added
much to the wealth and prosperity of the city by building and improv-
378 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ing his property interests. In his business and private life Colonel
Bennett has secured and retained the entire confidence and respect of
his fellow citizens. He is a man of great executive capacity, a born
aggressive leader, one who would succeed in any calling, and withal
a true friend and most genial companion among his associates.
Colonel Bennett has been a stalwart Republican since the birth of
the party. He cast his first presidential vote for the first Republican
candidate, General John C. Fremont, in 1856, and has since taken an
active interest in political affairs. He served two years as Chairman
of the Republican City Committee, and two years as a member of the
State Central Republican Committee. In 187(5 he was chosen to fill the
unexpired term of Edward Stockman in the Lowell Common Council
and was elected to that body and served during the year 1877. For
seven years he was a member of the Board of Water Commissioners of
Lowell, and in 1879 was elected to the State Legislature and re-elected
to the same office in 1880. He was a warm personal and political friend
of the late Governor Ames, who appointed him a si a IT officer with Hie
rank of Colonel. He served" upon the Governor's staff during the years
1887, 1888, and 1889, and was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General
of the State by Governor Ames.
Colonel Bennett has never been an office-seeker, but has devoted
much time and aided others to ollices of trust and responsibility. In
1896 he was persuaded to allow his name to be presented to the citizens
of Lowell for the mayoralty. He was defeated at the election, which
aroused his aggressive spirit, and in 1897 he again entered the field
and was elected Mayor by over 800 votes. He has served the city
zealously, honestly, and faithfully. In all public affairs Mayor Bennett
takes an active part. It was chiefly through his efforts and energetic
action that the Aiken Street and Chelmsford Street bridges were built,
and he was largely instrumental in having the present site of the new
Postoffice and the Armory selected.
Besides his business and public interests Colonel Bennett is con-
nected with various financial and benevolent institutions. He is a
director in the Wamesit National Bank, a trustee of the Merriniack
River Savings Bank, and a liberal contributor to all objects tending to
promote the best interests of his city and State. He has a pleasing,
genial personality, combined with a dignified manner, clearly outlining
a man of affairs. A popular member of many of the leading social and
fraternal societies, he is at home in the society of all classes of citizens.
He is a charter member of the Highland Club of Lowell; a member of
the Vesper Country Club, the Martin Luther Club, and the Middlesex
Club of Boston; a charter member of the Knights of Malta, and a mem-
ber of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Roval
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 379
Arcanum. He is a man of domestic tastes, and in his spacious home on
Branch street, Lowell, enjoys the society of his family and the enter-
tainment of his host of friends.
He was married in February, 1858, to Miss Nancy G. Fuller, by
whom he has a son, Fred W., who is now one of the enterprising young
men of the city and the manager of the J. W. Bennett Company. Col-
onel Bennett's second marriage occurred in March, 1875, when he was
united to Miss Josephine A. Bassett, daughter of Jesse Bassett, of
Lowell. They have one daughter, Ethel, an accomplished and popular
member of Lowell's social circles.
ACKSON, AMOS MESSEK, M.D., Mayor of Fall River, Mass.,
is the son of Rev. John and Sarah C. Jackson, and was born
in Lee, Penobscot County, Me., October 19, 1840. His father
was a prominent clergyman, and a descendant of ancestors
who came over from England about 1700 and settled in Carver, Mass.
After attending the public schools and Waterville College, at Water-
ville, Me., Dr. Jackson engaged in teaching, which he followed with
marked success for several years. From 1867 to 1871 he was engaged
in the dry goods business at Lewiston in his native State.
His tastes, however, inclined him toward a professional career, and,
deciding upon medicine and surgery as his life work, he studied at the
Long Island College Hospital and at the Medical Department of Dart-
mouth College. Since 1872, when he received his degree of M.D., he has
been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of medicine and
surgery, residing in Fall River, Mass.
Dr. Jackson has also been prominent in political affairs and as a
local leader of the Republican party. He was Chairman of the Fall
River School Board from 1880 to 1888 and a member of Governor
Brackett's staff in 1890. He was elected Mayor of Fall River for the
year 1898 and was re-elected for 1899, each time on the straight Repub-
lican ticket, and his able and efficient administration of this office has
resulted in magnifying a reputation which he had already established
far beyond the limits of his city. Dr. Jackson is also a veteran of the
Civil War, having served in the Signal Corps with the rank of Second
Lieutenant from August, 1862, to February 22, 1867. He was Provost
Marshal of New Orleans, La., from 1865 to 1866, held a Major's com-
mission in the Tenth IT. S. C. A. (Hy. ), and was brevetted Lieutenant-
Colonel of United States Volunteers. He is a member of the Grand
Army of the Republic, of the Knights of Pythias, of the Odd Fellows
380 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
fraternity, of the Republican Club of Massachusetts, of the Queque-
chan Club, and of other organizations.
June 1, 1865, Dr. Jackson married Susan A. Noe, of New Orleans,
La., and their children are Amy L., O. Howard, and Kuel H.
URBRIDGE, RANDOLPH CASSIUS, of Boston, Mass., is the
son of Samuel Surbridge and Nettie I. Shedd, and was born
in Brooklyn, N. Y., February 17, 1869. His father was a
prominent lawyer and at one time Mayor of Canton, Ohio,
and a direct descendant of Von Zerbrticke, Marquis of Germany, near
Switzerland. His mother's family is descended from Elder William
Brewster, of the Mayflower, and is distantly related to the Randolphs
of Virginia.
Mr. Surbridge was educated in the schools of Fryeburg, Me., and
Washington, D. C., and at Harvard College, from which he received the
degree of A.B. He was graduated LL.B. from the Harvard Law School,
and for six years was associated with Hon. John D. Long, now Sec-
retary of the Navy, in the active practice of his profession. He is one
of the leading members of the younger bar of Boston, and a man of ac-
knowledged ability, integrity, and standing, both in the law and in
politics. Residing in Cambridge, Mass., he has served as a member of
the Republican City Committee, as Chairman of the Republican Ward
Committee, as a member of the Cambridge City Council, as a delegate
to the State Republican conventions for five years, as Secretary and
member of the Republican State Committee in 1897 and 1898, repre-
senting Cambridge, and as Assistant Secretary of the committee and
manager of speakers in Massachusetts for two years.
In all these capacities Mr. Surbridge has displayed great executive
ability and political sagacity, and achieved distinction as a trusty,
energetic, and capable leader. His services to the party have Avon for
him a reputation which extends beyond the Commonwealth, and honors
and praise which few young men ever enjoy. As a lawyer and business
man he has gained equal prominence. He is President of the Revenue
Leasing and Mining Company and of the Porto Rico Copper Mining
Company, Vice-President of the Fortuna and La Republica Gold Min-
ing Company, and a director of the Cape Breton Copper Mining Com-
pany, the Toledo and Detroit Shore Line Railroad Company, and the
Boston and South Riverside Fruit Company. He is a Knight Templar
Mason and a member of the Algonquin, Massachusetts, and Middlesex
Clubs, the Boston Art Club, the Boston Shakespeare Club, the Colonial
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 381
Club, the Cambridge Longwood Cricket Club, and the Odd Fellows
fraternity. In 1892 he was the leader in the first joint debate between
Harvard and Yale.
Mr. Surbridge was married September 21, 1898, to Lillian Wetmore
Shedd, of Cambridge, Mass.
ROMPTOX, GEORGE, of Worcester, Mass., one of the most
prominent inventors and manufacturers in America, was
born in Bolton, Lancashire, England, March 23, 1829, and
when a small boy was brought by his parents to this coun-
try. His father, William Cromptou, also an inventor of note, was born
in Preston, Lancashire, England, September 10, 1806, married Sarah
Law, and in 1836 came with his family to America, locating first at
Taunton, Mass., where he was connected with the mills owned by
Crocker & Richmond. Up to this time the harnesses of all power looms
were operated by cams, consequently the changes of weave of which
the looms were capable were very limited, and goods for which an in-
tricate figure or design was required were necessarily woven as for-
merly with hand looms. Mr. Crompton, however, while with Crocker
& Richmond, invented a loom to weave a certain pattern of such goods
which the looms in the mill could not weave. This loom was the first
power loom invented in which the figure or pattern desired to be woven
could be made-up in a small chain, and when placed upon the loom
control suitable mechanism to move the harnesses to weave the proper
figure. He secured a patent on this loom in 1837, in the United States
and England. In 1839 he introduced his invention into the Middlesex
Mills at Lowell, and in 1840 he applied this cotton loom to weave fancy
cassimeres in these mills. This was the first time that fancy cassi-
meres had ever been woven by power. This success at the Middlesex
Mills in producing figured woolens attracted the attention of manu-
facturers, and there was a demand for the Crompton loom. William
Crompton went to Worcester, Mass., in 1841, with his family, and
granted a license to Horatio Phelps and William Bickford to build
this loom. The looms were now fairly well introduced, but the period
from 1836 to 1850, with its low tariff, was not a time in which there
was any material increase in manufactures, and was consequently an
inauspicious moment to launch forth a new loom.
In 1849, his father becoming mentally incapacitated for business,
George Crompton (then nearly of age) obtained an extension of his
382 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
father's patent. He formed a partnership with Merrill E. Furbush,
and in 1851 they began the manufacture of looms in William T. Merri-
field's building on Exchange street, Worcester. A large fire in June,
1854, burned them out. They then moved to the present location of the
Crompton department of the Crompton & Knowles Loom Works. Fur-
bush & Crompton made narrow looms from 1851 to 1857, when George
Crompton brought out the fast operating Broad Fancy Loom, with
improvements in box motion. Broad looms up to that period operated
about forty-five picks. The new " 1857 " broad looms, with twenty-
four harness and three boxes at each end, reached the speed of eighty-
five picks per minute, thus almost doubling the productive capacity
of the loom. This was a great stride and nothing since has equaled
it. That the broad looms came into use to the practical exclusion of
the narroAV looms may be easily imagined. Furbush & Crompton built
looms until 1859, when the partnership was dissolved by mutual agree-
ment, Mr. Crompton inking the New England States and New York,
while the remainder of the country was apportioned to Mr. Furbush.
Mr. Crompton immediately enlarged his works, and the war soon came
on. Goods were needed and with his improved facilities he was able
to meet the new situation.
In the midst of this prosperity, William Bickford (who had pur-
chased the business of Phelps & Bickford, who had formerly made the
loom under license of the early Crompton) undertook to make fancy
looms in exact imitation of Crompton's patented improvement, alleg-
ing that he (Bickford) invented them. The case was tried in the
Circuit Court, Boston, in November, 1862. Bickford was defeated and
mulcted in double damages on account of the daring infringement.
Shortly after this, some of the good qualities of the Greenhalge loom
were adopted and found successful. The loom thus improved and pat-
ented was exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1807 and attracted
the earnest attention of the Continental manufacturers. It was
awarded a silver medal, the only recognition given to any loom for
weaving woolens, notwithstanding seven different looms were in com-
petition from England, Belgium, Saxony, France, and Prussia. The
Crompton looms were improved from time to time, many patents being
taken out both in the United States and in foreign countries, both by
Mr. Cromptou himself and by Horace Wyman, Superintendent of the
Crompton Loom AVorks. The looms were exhibited at the Centennial
Exhibition and awarded medals.
After Mr. Crompton's death the business was incorporated in Jan-
uary, 1888, with the following officers: M. C. Crompton, President;
Horace Wyman, Vice-President and Manager; and Justin A. Ware,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 383
Secretary and Treasurer. The Crompton looms were shown at the
World's Fair and awarded a number of medals. Mrs. Crompton (the
President) died in 1895 and Charles, George Crompton's eldest son,
was elected President, the other officers remaining the same as before.
In 1897 the Crompton Loom Works was consolidated with the Knowles
Loom Works as the Crompton & Knowles Loom Works, under which
firm name the business and manufacture of looms is continued.
Mr. Crompton was pre-eminently an inventor, taking out during his
active business life over one hundred patents, almost all of which were
improvements in weaving machinery. As a manufacturer he ranked
with the leading men of his day.
Outside of his own business Mr. Crompton was President of the
Crompton Carpet Company, which failed in 1878 with an indebtedness
amounting to upward of $137,000, which he personally paid off. He
was also a director in the Worcester National Bank, the Worcester Gas
Light Company, and the Hartford Steam Boiler Insurance Company,
of Hartford. In his strict attention to business and his natural reserve
from attracting publicity he found little that was alluring to him in
the political field, and with the exception of two years in the Board of
Aldermen of the city of Worcester, in 1863 and 1864, and two years in
the Common Council in 1860 and 1861, he never occupied public office.
In 1871 he was the Republican candidate for Mayor of Worcester, but
was defeated. In politics he was a very strong Republican, having
always voted that ticket. Though not prominent in political life, his
judgment and advice were often sought by those in more active charge
of public affairs. He was chairman of the committee which erected the
Soldiers' Monument at Worcester. Mr. Crompton died December 29,
1886. He married January 9, 1853, Mary Christina Pratt, who sur-
vived him. Their nine children are Charles Crompton, George Cromp-
ton, Randolph Crompton, Isabel M. Crompton, Cora E. Crompton,
Stella S. Crompton, Georgietta F. (Crompton) Wood, Mary K. Cromp-
ton, and Mildred M. (Crompton) Smith.
T'TCHINS, CHARLES HENRY, President of the Crompton
& Knowles Loom Works, of Worcester, Mass., is descended
on his father's side from one of the early families of Maine.
His maternal grandfather, Oliver Hunt, was the founder
of the Douglas Axe Company, of Douglas, Mass., where Mr. Hutchins
was born January 13, 1847. His father was superintendent and general
384 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
manager of that company, and after leaving the Douglas common and
high schools young Hutchins spent two years in the business, gaining a
broad and practical knowledge of mechanical methods as well as
thorough business discipline. He was also a clerk in a country store
in Douglas for two years. In July, 1867, he removed and settled per-
manently in Worcester, Mass., where he held for seven years a clerk-
ship in the dry goods store of Horace Sheldon & Co.
He established, under the original firm name of C. H. Hutchins &
Co., the Hutchins Narrow Fabric Company, manufacturers of tapes
and webbings, from Avhich he withdreAV in 1884, when he associated
himself with L. J. Knowles & Brother, builders of the famous Knowles
loom. Lucius J. Knowles, the inventor of this loom, also invented,
at an earlier period, the Knowles steam pump, and after his death, in
1884, the business was incorporated as the Knowles Loom Works, with
Francis B. Knowles as President and Charles H. Hutchins as Treas-
urer. On the death of F. B. Knowles, in 1890, Mr. Hutchins became
both President and Treasurer, and so continued until March 0, IS'.lT,
when the concern was consolidated with the Crompton Loom Works,
of Worcester, under the style of the Crompton & Knowles Loom Works,
with Mr. Hutchins as President and George Crompton, Jr., Treasurer.
A more extended sketch of this corporation — one of the largest of the
kind in the United States — may be found in the preceding memoir of
George Crompton.
Mr. Hutchins has also been interested in the manufacture of woolen
and worsted goods, is a director in several leading cotton mills, and is
President of the Depew Manufacturing Company, of Depew, X. Y.,
manufacturers of harvesting machinery. He is President of the Export-
ers' Association of America, with headquarters in New York City; a
director of the Central National Bank and a trustee of the People's Sav-
ings Bank of Worcester; one of the founders and President of the cor-
poration of the Hospital Cottages for Children at Baldwinsville, Mass. ;
a member of the Boards of Managers of the Home for Aged Women, the
Home for Aged Men, and other charitable institutions; and a liberal
supporter of the Piedmont Congregational Church and Sunday School
of Worcester and President of the Worcester Congregational Club. His
extensive business interests have precluded the acceptance of political
honors which have been urged upon him by his fellow citizens; never-
theless, he is an influential member of the Republican party, and has
long been useful in its councils and prominent among the local leaders.
In 1873 Mr. Hutchins married P^liza E., daughter of the late Francis
B. Knowles, one of the founders of the Kuowles Loom Works, of Wor-
cester. They have two children : Arthur Knowles Hutchins and Helen
Mabel Hutchins.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 385
*
OOPY, WILLIAM HENRY, member of Congress from the
Sixth Massachusetts District, was born in Newbury, Mass.,
December 23, 1853, the son of Henry L. Moody, a well-to-do
farmer, and Melissa A. Emerson. He descends from (1)
William Moody, who, with Henry Sewell, came from Ipswich, Eng-
land, to Ipswich, Mass., in 163-1, and in 1635 removed to Newbury,
where the family lived for several generations. His son Samuel (2)
had a son William Moody (3). who married Mehitable, daughter of
Henry and Jane (Dummer) Sewell, and the line thenceforward is
Samuel Moody (4), Paul (5), William (6), Henry L. (7), and AVilliam
H. (8). Henry Sewell was the progenitor of all the New England
Sewells, including five judges (three of them Chief Justices) of the
Massachusetts Supreme Court, while from the Dummer side came
Jeremy Dummer, United States Minister to England, and William
Dummer, Lieutenant-Governor of the Commonwealth.
Mr. Moody was educated in the public schools of Salem and Danvers,
Mass., and at Phillips Andover Academy, where he was President of
the Philomathean Society and Captain of the baseball team. He was
graduated from Harvard College in 1876, the last two years standing
third in his class, and spending some of his time as a tutor. He read
law at the Harvard Law School and in Boston in the office of Richard
Henry Dana, and was admitted to the Essex County bar in 1878. AVith
the exception of brief absences on official duty he has ever since prac-
ticed in Haverhill, Mass., where he resides. He was associated with
Governor Robinson, as counsel for the city of Haverhill, in the Haver-
hill aqueduct case, and on account of the illness of Attorney-General
I'illsbury represented the State at the celebrated trial of Lizzie Borden
for the murder of her parents.
He has been a Republican since early manhood, and for many years
has been one of the party's ablest leaders in Eastern Massachusetts. He
was a member of the Haverhill School Board, City Solicitor of Haver-
hill in 1888 and 1889, and District Attorney for Essex County from
1889 to 1896. Mr. Moody was elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress from
the Sixth Massachusetts Congressional District to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of General William Cogswell, and was re-elected to
the Fifty-fifth Congress, and again elected for a third time in November,
1898, as a member of the Fifty-sixth Congress. His Congressional
record is a brilliant one. Active in debate, a strong supporter of whole-
some legislation, and an able speaker and executive manager, he has
won a commanding position in the House, and is justly regarded as one
of the leaders of the Republican side.
Mr. Moody has long been a prominent figure in the Republican State
conventions, serving at different times as Chairman of the Committee
386 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
•
on Resolutions, and in influencing in a large measure the party plat-
forms. He has taken an active part in State and National campaigns,
especially as a stump speaker. He stands high at the bar, and as a
citizen is universally respected and esteemed. He is unmarried.
EITH, GEORGE E., was born February 8, 1850, in Brockton,
Mass., where he still resides, and is the son of Franklin and
Betsey Keith, his father being a prominent shoe manufac-
turer. His ancestors came to this country from Scotland.
He is a lineal descendant of Rev. James Keith, the first minister in
Bridgewater, Mass.
Mr. Keith acquired his education in the public and high schools of
Brockton, and has always been engaged in the manufacture of shoes in
that city, having been in business for himself since 1874. He now em-
ploys one thousand hands and manufactures a million pairs of men's
shoes annually. His trade extends throughout the United States. Mr.
Keith has been a Republican since he attained his majority, but has
held only one political office, that of Alderman of the city of Brockton.
Although his extensive business interests have prevented him from
taking an active part in political affairs, he has nevertheless contrib-
uted materially to the success of his party and its candidates, and is
widely known as an enthusiastic supporter of Republican principles
and as a business man of ability and integrity.
He is President of the Epplee Welt Machine Company, a director of
the McKay Shoe Machine Company, Vice-President of the Brockton
National Bank, a director of the Third National Bank of Boston, and a
member of the Commercial Club of Brockton. He married Miss Anna
G. Reed and has two children : Eldon B. and Harold C. Keith.
OTCH, WILLIAM, of Boston, numbers among his ancestors
some of the noted men of affairs for more than a century.
Upon his fathers side they came from Salisbury, England,
early in the eighteenth century, locating in New Bedford
and Nantucket, Mass., where they established the whale fishing in-
dustry. Francis Rotch owned the ship Dartmouth from which the
tea was thrown overboard in Boston Harbor in 1774, and William
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
387
Rotch owned the ship Bedford from which was displayed the
American flag in the Thames River, England, in 1783. This was the
first time the flag had been seen in a foreign port. At the time of the
Revolutionary War, when the American ships were being destroyed by
388 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
the British, this William Rotch obtained the consent of Prime Minister
Mirabeau, of France, to establish the whale fishing industry in that
country. He continued to carry on the business in France until the
French Revolution of 17!)2, when he returned to America and estab-
lished at Nantucket and New Bedford a similar business, which has
since been conducted by his descendants. He was considered one of
the leading- merchants of his time. William J. Rotch, the father of the
subject of this article, was one of the leading business men of America.
He was connected with many large corporations, being President of
the New Bedford Cordage Company, the Rotch Spinning Company,
and the Howland Mills Company, and a director of the Illinois Steel
Company, the Wamsntta Mills Company, the Old Colony Railroad, and
many other enterprises. The family have always been staunch Repub-
licans and active supporters of the principles of t he party. William J.
Rotch served as Mayor of New Bedford in 1852 and his son, Morgan
Rotch, the brother of our subject, was also elected to that office and
served four terms.
The mother of William Rotch was Emily Morgan, daughter of
Charles W. Morgan, a business man of Philadelphia. Her ancestors
were also English, and the family has been a noted one in the develop-
ment of America.
William Rotch received superior educational advantages, receiving
the degree of A.B. from Harvard College in 1865 and a degree of Civil
Engineer from the Ecole Centrale at Paris, France, in 1869. He be-
came Assistant Engineer of the Fall River Water Works in 1871 and
served in that capacity until 1871, when he became Chief Engineer,
serving until 1880. From 1880 to 1883 he was Consulting Engineer
and Purchasing Agent of the Mexican Central Railway Company, the
Sonora Railway Company, the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company,
and the California Southern Railroad Company. He also served as
Engineer of the Fall River Railroad Company in 1880, and during that
same year was appointed by Governor Long a member of the com-
mission to establish the boundary line between Massachusetts and
Rhode Island, which had been in dispute since 1632. As Engineer, he
had charge of the surveys and the line was definitely fixed and ratified
by the Legislatures of the two States.
Mr. Rotch has never cared to accept political preferment, but has
always been an active worker and ardent supporter of Republican
principles, and for many years was a member of the Republican City
Committees of Fall River and Boston. He is a member of the Executive
Committee of the Stalwart Republican Middlesex Club, a member of
the Somerset and Country Clubs and the Boston Athletic Associa-
tion, and a trustee of the Rotch Trarclliiir/ tfclit tint-ship for Architecture.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 389
Mr. Rotch is connected with many and varied business interests, being
a director of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company,
the Mexican Central Railway Company, the Walker Company of Cleve-
land, the Continental Mills, and many other railroad and manufactur-
ing companies. In recent years he has been appointed managing trus-
tee for several large estates, and enjoys an excellent reputation as a
superior business man and as a generous, public spirited citizen.
He was married in 1873 to Miss Mary R. Eliot, daughter of Hon.
Thomas Dawes Eliot, who formerly represented the New Bedford Dis-
trict in Congress. They have four children : Edith Eliot, William, Jr.,
Charles Morgan, and Clara Morgan Rotch.
Alt WOOD, ALBERT LESLIE, of Newton Centre, Mass., is the
son of Andrew J. and Harriet (Parlin) Harwood, and a
lineal descendant of Henry Harwood, who settled in Boston
about 1034. His father was a prominent farmer in Hard-
wick, Mass., where the subject of this sketch was born on the 10th of
September. 1847.
Mr. Harwood received his educational training in the public schools
and at Williston Seminary, and for several years was successfully
engaged in teaching in Massachusetts, principally in Ware, Fall River,
and Newton. Finally, however, the law attracted his attention and
abilities, and, having studied it and been admitted to the bar, he began
active practice in 1890 in Boston, where he has since built up a large
and lucrative clientage. He is trustee for several important estates
and stands high in his profession.
As a Republican, Mr. Harwood has long been prominent in public
life and active and influential in the councils of his party, of which he
is an able leader. He resides in Newton Centre, Mass., and was a mem-
ber of the Newton School Committee in 1891, 1892, and 1893, a member
of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1895 and 1896, and a
member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1897, 1898, and 1899. In the
House he served as Chairman of the committee appointed to investigate
the Norfolk County Commissioners. He was Chairman of the recess
committee to investigate the action of the Boston caucuses, and also of
the Committee on Taxation, to which was referred the report of the
commission appointed by the Governor to revise the tax laws. Be-
sides these Senator Harwood served on the Committees on the Judi-
ciary, Railroads, Counties, Probate and Insolvency, Ways and Means,
< '(institutional Amendments, Libraries, and Parishes and Religious
390 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Societies, filling each position with great ability, and gaining for him-
self a high reputation as a wise, able, and conscientious legislator. In
both the House and Senate he took an active part in debate, was promi-
nent in all important legislation, and faithfully performed every trust
committed to his care.
He is a member of the Massachusetts and Middlesex Clubs, of the
Grand Lodge of Masons of Massachusetts, of the Chapter of that fra-
ternity, of the Knights Templars of the same order, of the Congrega-
tional Club of Boston, and of the Newton Congregational Club, of
which he is President.
Mr. Harwood was married in Ware, Mass., in 1870, to Jennie C. Davis,
and has one son, Albert Leslie Harwood, Jr.
BED, SILAS DEAN, has always resided in Tauuton, Mass.,
where he was born June 25, 1872. His father, Hon. Charles
A. Reed, is one of Taunton's leading lawyers, and a direct
descendant of William Reed, of Weymouth, Norfolk
County, Mass., who settled there about 1635, coming from Batscombe,
County Kent, England. Through his mother, Weltha Nichols (Dean)
Reed, he descends from Walter Dean, who came from County Somer-
set, England, to Taunton about 1640.
Mr. Reed was educated in the Taunton public schools, at Bristol
Academy in Tauuton, from which he was graduated in 1889, and at
Amherst College, which he entered in the fall of 1889, and from which
he was graduated with the class of 1893. His legal studies were pur-
sued at the Boston University Law School, where he spent two years
(1893-95), and in the office of ex-Mayor Reed, of Tauuton.
As a Republican from boyhood, Mr. Reed has already achieved
prominence and leadership in the party. He has been a member of the
Republican City Committee of Taunton since 1895, and a member of
the lower House of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1897, 1898, and
1899, serving on the Committee on Railroads during each term and as
clerk of that committee the last two years. He was one of the princi-
pal advocates of wheelmen's interests in the House, and secured the
passage of the Bicycle Baggage and Broad Tire Bills, only to have them
defeated in the Senate. Mr. Reed has been a powerful champion of
reform legislation, a leader of the Republican forces both in the House
and in his native city, and is now (September, 1899) a prominent can-
didate for the speakership of the House for 1900. He is a 32d degree
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 391
Mason, a Past Grand of the Odd Fellows fraternity, and a Past Chan-
cellor in the Knights of Pythias, and represents the extensive real
estate interests in Taunton of Kansom C. Taylor, of Worcester. He is
unmarried.
AKTLETT, JONATHAN B. L., of Boston, was born October
11, 1849, in the town of Jay, Maine. His father, Ichabod
Bartlett, was a prosperous farmer. He was a descendant of
John Bartlett, \vho came to this country from England in
1(534, one of the family being Josiah Bartlett, who was one of the
Signers of the Declaration of Independence. With this for his lineage,
Jonathan B. J. Bartlett had in his own right an excellent education.
Coming to Dorchester, Mass., in 1873, he took the position of Super-
intendent of the Mattapan postoffice, which he held for twenty -one
years, helping materially to bring up the service in this branch of the
Boston office during his connection therewith so effectively that, at the
close of his service with the department, it was called one of the best
offices of its size in the country. Resigning from this position in 1894,
he entered into the business of real estate, and became manager of the
Bluo Hill Terrace Company.
Elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1897, and re-elected the
following year, Mr. Bartlett was upon each occasion the recipient of a
phenomenally large vote. Immediately upon entering the House he in-
troduced a bill for the modification of the law for the attachment of
property, which became a law. He also introduced a bill to require
mortgagees to state their rate of interest in mortgages held, which
passed the House, but was lost in the Senate. Of the other bills in
which he took an active interest during his first year in the House
was his \vork done in behalf of the Banks Statute, which was finally
passed notwithstanding the adverse attitude of two committees there-
in. When the Elevated Railroad Bill came up he took the matter in
hand with his usual whole-souled earnestness, and was very instru-
mental in its passage. He was also influential in the extension of the
Metropolitan Sewer into the town of Milton, which proved so beneficial
to that town. An important bill was the Metropolitan Park Loan
Bill for parkways and boulevards. In this matter f 1,000,000 was ap-
propriated, and even at this early stage the people of Boston and vi-
cinity are finding benefit in the measure. He helped secure the passage
of the Drainage Bill, a law which will prove an inestimable benefit to
the citizens of Dorchester, and also the Columbia Road Bill, which be-
came a law. This beautiful roadway is a credit to Dorchester District.
392
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
The Neponset River, instead of being, as nature intended, a line of
beaiity as it coursed between Boston and the towns bordering thereon,
has ever been a fetid malaria-producing stream. But owing to the
earnest efforts of Mr. Bartlett, this will now soon be all changed by
his generosity in offering to the State a strip of land belonging to hig
laud company on the Boston side extending for a half mile in Mattapan.
JONATHAN B. L. BARTLETT.
He led the Park Commissioners to think favorably of taking and beau-
tifying the banks of the stream, and upon this condition introduced and
secured the passage of a bill which gives the necessary funds to accom-
plish this grand work. An important bill of Mr. Bartlett's was the
Blue Hill Avenue Bill, which enables the city of Boston to complete the
avenue to the Blue Hill Parkway.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 393
Fi'i'lmps one of the most important of the laws which Mr. Bartlett has
been instrumental in securing was the bill to continue Bine Hill
Avenue across the South Bay as an auxiliary to the development of the
city. This will give to the people of Dorchester a direct line toward the
Union Station. To understand the difficulties attending the passage
of this bill, it would be sufficient to say that it was first introduced in
1805. when the city was under the administration of Mayor Edwin IT.
Curtis, and since then it has successively been introduced and as often
defeated until its successful passage when brought forward by Mr.
Bartlett. The bill for the exemption of the widows of soldiers and
sailors from taxation received Mr. Bartlett's support and was passed.
The bill " Relative to Disabled Firemen in the City of Boston " also
received his vote and earnest support.
The bill known as " Bartlett's Aldermanic Bill," which passed the
House with only twenty-six votes against it, and the Senate with five
votes against it, to be vetoed by the Governor, was another important
measure which he championed. But perhaps the most important bill
which Mr. Bartlett was directly responsible for in its passage during
his terms of office was when, upon the death of the late and deeply
If.mented citizen of Dorchester, Henry L. Pierce, it became necessary
to incorporate his great chocolate works. These works, representing
nearly five millions of dollars, the largest of the kind on the continent,
are now known and are incorporated as the Walter Baker Company,
Limited. One bill passed during the last session of the Legislature pro-
vided that a monument be erected on Dorchester Heights to commemo-
rate the event of Washington's strategy when he forced Howe for the
city. This bill received the adverse reports of two committees, but the
reports not being accepted, the bill was substituted and became a law,
receiving Mr. Bartlett's vote and his earnest effort for its passage.
Mr. Bartlett's work on committees has been satisfactory, he being
the Chairman of the Committee on Elections and a member of the Com-
mittee on Taxation. He was also a member of the committee appointed
to direct the celebration of the centennial of the inauguration of John
Adams, as Avell as of the committee that was honored to receive the
celebrated Bradford Manuscript. He also has had the honor extended
to him by the Speaker of the House to be called to the Chair upon differ-
ent occasions. Mr. Bartlett is an effective and direct speaker. It is
not his eloquence that makes him a factor in the House; it is his earnest-
ness. He is a 32d degree Mason and a Knight Templar, a member of
the Chickatawbut Club of Dorchester, and is connected with many
other social and benevolent societies. He also holds an honorary mem-
bership in Post 68, G. A. R.
394 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
PSLEY, LEWIS DEW ART, of Hudson, Mass., was born in
Northumberland, Pa., September 29, 1852. His grand-
father, William Apsley, a native of England, came to
America in 1800, settling in Chestertown, Kent County,
Mel., where he married, March 8, 1805, Susan Meeks. Of their five
children George Apsley, the youngest, married Anna Catherine, daugh-
ter of Conrad and Anna (Bartleson) Wenck, the former of German ex-
traction and the latter a native of Holland. They celebrated their
golden wedding January 28, 1889. Mrs. Apsley died December 9,
1893. They had five sons and one daughter, Lewis D. being the fifth
child.
Mr. Apsley was nine years old when the family moved from North-
umberland to Loch Haven, Pa., where his father still resides, and where
he attended public and private schools until he attained the age of
sixteen. He then secured a line of tobacco and cigars from A. Ralph
& Co., of Philadelphia, to sell on commission. His first week's com-
missions amounted to |156. This remarkable success led the firm to
call him to Philadelphia, and he remained with them until they dis-
continued business, and afterward was associated with others in the
same line for eight years. In 1876 he became Assistant Superintendent
in the boot, shoe, and rubber department of John Wanamaker's store
in Philndelphia, and in January, 1877, resigned to engage in that line
of trade for himself. He subsequently sold out to his partner and ac-
cepted a position with Hodgmau & Co., wholesale dealers in and manu-
facturers of rubber goods, of New York City. Later he associated him-
self with the Gossamer Rubber Company, of Boston, with headquarters
in Chicago, and for six years successfully conducted a large trade
throughout the Middle and Western States. In 1888 he formed a co-
partnership with J. H. Coffin, of Boston, and under the firm name of
Apsley & Coffin established at Hudson, Mass., a rubber clothing nu: mi-
factory, which, within five years, after three enlargements, was the
largest concern manufacturing gossamer garments in the United
States. The goods were manufactured and sold under the style of the
Goodyear Gossamer Company. Mr. Apsley's brilliant business abilities
won for him the unanimous election of President of the Gossamer Man-
ufacturers' Association, and a reputation which extended throughout
the country. Shortly afterward the plant was burned, but with char-
acteristic enterprise they at once rebuilt, on a larger and more modern
scale, the site embracing an area of sixteen acres, three of which are
utilized for factory purposes. Mackintoshes became the product of the
new model brick factories, and the annual output now is greater than
that of any other plant of the kind in America. In 1892 Mr. Apsley
purchased Mr. Coffin's interest and incorporated the business as the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 395
Apsley Rubber Company, of which he has since been President and
Treasurer.
Politically he has always been a staunch Republican. He has served
his party on every committee from representative to congressional,
and is recognized as one of its ablest leaders in the Commonwealth. In
the fall of 1892 he was nominated on the first ballot and elected a
member of the Fifty-third Congress as a Republican from the Fourth
Massachusetts District, receiving 16,209 votes against 13,058 cast for
F. S. Coolidge, his Democratic opponent. In that Congress Mr. Apsley
was a member of the Committees on Agriculture, Labor, and Invalid
Pensions. He was re-elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress in 1894, re-
ceiving a plurality of 8,560 votes, which was the largest gain made by
any Congressman in the State, and leading the Hon. Frederic T. Green-
halge, the successful candidate for Governor, by 512 votes. During his
second term he was Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures and
a member of the Labor Committee. In 1894 Mr. Apsley was chosen
Vice-Chairman of the Republican National Congressional Committee
and shares with its Chairman, Hon. J. W. Babcock, the credit and
honor of the successful campaign of that year. He served in the same
capacity during the presidential campaign of 1896, and, following a
plan conceived by himself, visited nearly all the Western States to the
Pacific coast, met and conferred with all the prominent Republican
leaders, including Major McKinley and Hon. Mark Hanna, and made
many effective addresses in Iowa, Nebraska, Colorado, Washington,
Oregon, and California. Chairman Babcock complimented him very
highly on this work, saying :
" In California Apsley exercised his functions so admirably that be-
fore he had left he had the leaders of the warring Republican factions
at dinner with him. The ball was set in motion there, and the work in
the Golden State is going forward in a way to gladden the hearts of
Republicans all over the country. Wherever, he went he spread the
gospel of peace and protection, and roused the old party pride, which
brooks no defeat. This infusion of Eastern business blood into the
campaign was a welcome novelty, and will result in incalculable bene-
fit. Apsley's visit has caused the national committee to take an interest
in the Western situation such as was never before known."
Mr. Apsley declined a third nomination to Congress in 1896 on ac-
count of his large and engrossing business interests, and in commenting
upon this decision on his part the Lowell Courier said :
" There will be genuine regret among the people of Massachusetts
that Mr. Apsley has determined not to accept another nomination to
Congress. Mr. Apsley has made a most useful and influential member
396 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of Congress, and his constituents will miss him. He is one of those
men of sound sense and great executive capacity who can effect things
which others can only try for. It is business considerations alone that
govern him in the conclusion he lias reached."
Mr. Apsley has always taken an active interest in the welfare and
advancement of the town of Hudson, Mass., where he resides. He was
one of the chief promoters and is President of the town's Board of
Trade. He is also President and Treasurer of the Millay Last Com-
pany, of Massachusetts, a trustee of the Hudson Savings Bank, a
director of the Hudson National Bank and Hudson Heal Estate Com-
pany, a Knight Templar Mason, a Past Grand in the Odd Fellows fra-
ternity, and a member of the Mystic Shrine of Masonry, the Knights of
Pythias, the Improved Order of Red Men, and various social, business,
and political organizations.
November 5, 1873, Mr. Apsley married Laura M., youngest daughter
of Captain John S. Remington, of Philadelphia, Pa. Their only son,
William George Apsley, died of diphtheria at the age of six years.
LLIS, BERTRAM, editor of the AYir //*//» /w/nrr KniUncI and
Keene Evening Sentinel, was born in Boston, Mass., Novem-
ber 26, 1860, the son of Moses Ellis, a prominent iron
founder, and Emily (Ferrin) Ellis. His paternal ancestors
came to this country from England. His mother's family, the Ferrins,
were of Scotch-Irish descent and among the early settlers of London-
derry, N. H.
Mr. Ellis received his preparatory education in the public schools
of Keene, N. H., whither the family removed when he was a boy. He
was graduated from Harvard College in the class of 1884 and from the
Harvard Law School with the degree of LL.B. in 1887, and for one
year (1887-88) was a clerk in the law office of Evarts, Choate & Bea-
man, of New York City. He practiced his profession in Denver, Col.,
from 1888 to 1890, when he returned to Keene, N. H., on account of his
father's illness. The death of his father soon followed, and he became
the editor of the New Hampshire Scntinc] and Keene Evening Sentinel,
which positions he still holds, being a stockholder in the Sentinel Print-
ing Company.
As a Republican Mr. Ellis has taken an active part in the political
affairs of his State, and is justly regarded as one of the party's ablest
leaders. He served in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1897, and is
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 397
now (1899) State Senator, representing the Thirteenth Senatorial
District. He has also been President of the Young Men's Republican
Club of Keene for six years, and is a member of the Keene Board of
Education, a trustee of the Elliot City Hospital, and a member of the
Wentworth Club, the Monadnock Cycle Club of Keene, and the League
of American Wheelmen.
•Tune 20, 1894, Mr. Ellis married Margaret Louise Wheeler at Minne-
apolis, Minn.
TKEETEB, FRANK SHERWIN, of Concord, one of the lead-
ers of the bar of New Hampshire, counsel for large cor-
porate interests, and a prominent member of the Republican
party of the State, is a native of Charleston, Vt., Avhere he
was born August 5, 1853, the son of Daniel and Julia (Wheeler)
Streeter. He fitted for college in the public schools and academy of St.
Johnsbury, Vt., and entered Bates College, where he spent his fresh
man year. He became a sophomore in Dartmouth College in 1872,
graduating with the class of 1874.
After leaving college Mr. Streeter was principal of the High School
at Ottumwa, Iowa, for one year. His ambition, however, led him to
adopt the profession of law, and returning East he entered the office
of the late Hon. Alonzo 1'. Carpenter, of Bath, N. H., where he pursued
the study of law so diligently that he was admitted to practice in the
State courts in March, 1877. He commenced practice in the village of
Orford, N. H., but in October, 1877, came to Concord, where he lias
since resided and has established an enviable record, standing in the
front rank of his profession, his services being retained by many of the
large corporations of the State. He established a partnership with
Hon. William M. Chase, now a Justice of the New Hampshire Supreme
Court. This firm being dissolved by the elevation of Mr. Chase to the
bench in 1891, Mr. Streeter established new connections, the firm now
being Streeter, Wralker & Hollis, his associates being Reuben E. Walker
and Allen Hollis.
His large and increasing practice has led Mr. Streeter to decline
political preferment offered him by his party, but he has been an active
worker for the success of Republican principles since he became a
voter. He was elected and served one term as a member of the State
Legislature in 1885, from the Fourth Ward of Concord, being a mem-
ber of the Judiciary Committee. This is the extent of his office holding,
but he has been a delegate to numerous State conventions, and was the
presiding officer at the State Convention of 1892. He was a delegate
398
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
to the Republican National Convention at St. Louis in 1896, which
nominated President McKinley; has been for years a member of the
State Republican Committee, serving on the Executive Committee of
that body; and is a trusted counsellor in all matters pertaining to party
management in the State. Mr. Streeter was general counsel for the
Concord and Montreal Railroad prior to its lease to the Boston and
txX-
Maine Railroad, and since that period he has been active in the same
capacity for the latter company. He possesses a genial and magnetic
personality, and is one of the most popular men of the State. He is a
trustee of Dartmouth College and Chairman of the Building Com-
mittee, and a member of the Derryfield Club of Manchester and of the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 399
Union, Algonquin, and University Clubs of Boston. He is a Knight
Templar member of Mount Horeb Commandery in the Masonic fra-
ternity.
Mr. Streeter was married November 14, 1877, to Lillian, daughter of
Hon. Alonzo P. Carpenter, the late Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
of New Hampshire. Mr. and Mrs. Streeter have two children : Thomas
Winthrop and Julia Streeter.
ALL, DWIGHT, was born April 13, 1871, in Dover, N. H.,
where he has always resided, his parents being Joshua G.
and Susan E. (Bigelow) Hall. A sketch of his father ap-
pears in this volume. Mr. Hall was educated in Phillips
Audover Academy, at Dartmouth College, and at the Boston University
Law School, and was admitted to the New Hampshire bar in July, 1897.
Since then he has been actively and successfully engaged in the general
practice of his profession in his native city, succeeding his father on the
death of the latter.
Mr. Hall is now (1899) City Solicitor of Dover and referee in bank-
ruptcy, under the United States Bankruptcy Law, for the Second Dis-
trict of New Hampshire. He is an ardent Republican, and both in
politics and at the bar has already achieved distinction.
ARTHOLOMEW, ANDREW JACKSON, was born in Hard-
wick, Mass., October 1, 1833, the son of Adolphus and Lydia
C. (Nye) Bartholomew, and died at Southbridge, Mass.,
July 17, 1899. His family settled several generations ago
in Woodstock, Conn., from which town Samuel Bartholomew served as
a soldier in the Revolutionary War, enlisting in Captain Lyon's com-
pany. Adolphus Bartholomew was a soldier in the War of 1812, being
in a company commanded also by a Captain Lyon, and in 1816 moved
with two brothers to Southbridge, Mass., where he learned the cloth-
dressing trade in the " Cow Tail " mill of Jedediah Marcy. Thence he
moved to Hardwick and became a prominent cloth dresser, merchant,
and capitalist.
Andrew J. Bartholomew attended the common schools of his native
town and spent two years at Leicester Academy, where he was a class-
mate of Hon. Richard Olney and John Frank Brooks, now eminent
Boston lawyers, and a pupil of the late W. W. Rice, of Worcester. Aft-
400 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
erward Mr. Bartholomew taught school in North Brookfield and Hard-
wick, and in 1852 entered Yale College, from which he was graduated
in 1856, having as classmates Justices David J. Brewer and Henry B.
Brown, of the United States Supreme Court; Chauncey M. Depew, ot
New York, United States Senator; Judge Magruder, of the Supreme
Court of Illinois; Colonel Nettleton, former corporation counsel of Bos-
ton; and Rev. Dr. Paine, of the Bangor (Me.) Theological Seminary.
From Yale Mr. Bartholomew went to Worcester, Mass., and entered
the law office of Bice & Nelson. Later he entered the Harvard Law
School, where he and Richard Olney again became fellow-students.
Early in 1858 he was admitted to the bar, as was also his brother Nel-
son, who had been with him at Leicester, Yale, and Harvard, and who
then located in Oxford, Mass. At the first call for volunteers in the War
of the Rebellion both were among the earliest to respond. Their father
urged that only one should go, and it was finally agreed that Nelson
should become the soldier. He was commissioned as first lieutenant of
Company E, Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment, and died in Novem-
ber, 1861.
On his admission to the bar Mr. Bartholomew began active practice
in Southbridge, Worcester County, Mass., where he continued to reside
until his death. During the war he was Deputy Collector of Internal
Revenue. He was elected a member of the lower House of the Legis-
lature of 1867, serving on the Committee on Probate and Chancery and
on the Joint Special Committee on Revision of the Salary List. In this
season he drafted the first district court bill presented to a Massachu-
setts Legislature. In 1871 he was elected to the State Senate, and was
re-elected the following year. His re-election was the first ever given a
Senator from the district he represented. As Senator, he served on
the Committees on Bills in Third Reading, Probate and Chancery, and
Education, and during his second year was Chairman of the first and
third named committees. In all these years he was building up an ex-
tensive law practice, with equity cases a specialty, though with an occa-
sional criminal case, while his practice in cases growing out of the flow-
ing of land with water was so extensive as to make him a specialist in
such matters. He was counsel for the Hamilton Woolen Company,
served the town in various official capacities, and in 1894 was appointed
Judge of the First District Court of Southern Worcester, which position
he held until his death. He owned on Main street, Southbridge, one of
the finest estates in Worcester, the house having been built by him in
1868.
Judge Bartholomew was an able lawyer and jurist, an active and
public spirited citizen, and a man of the loftiest integrity and honor.
He held almost every office in the gift of his town. He was for many
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 401
years a member or Chairman of the Southbridge School Board and of
the Board of Selectmen, served as Town Assessor and as a member of
the Library and Cemetery Committees, was one of the promoters and
charter members of the Veteran Firemen's Association, and a charter
member of Pluenix Council, No. 353, Royal Arcanum. He attended
the Baptist Church, and at the time of his death was President of the
Sonthbridge Historical Society, of which he was the founder. He
brought to the performance of public trusts a sagacity, common sense,
and firm opinions of his own that gave him great authority. When
once he had made up his mind that a certain course was right, it made
no difference who or how many were arrayed against him, and it is a
tribute to his wisdom that his opponents usually came to recognize the
accuracy and justice of his views. He was Vice-President of the South-
bridge Savings Bank.
In politics Andrew J. Bartholomew was a strong Republican. He
firmly believed in the principles of the party and fought many a hard
battle that brought about a grand victory. His generalship was not
only admired, but followed., In 1876 he was selected as representative
to the National Republican Convention held in Cincinnati. He was
broad-minded, scholarly, generous to a fault, and ever ready to do a
good turn for a friend in need.
He married May 15, 1863, Ellen J. Trow, daughter of the late Israel
C. Trow, granddaughter of the late Jedediah Marcy, of Southbridge,
and grandniece of Hon. William L. Marcy, Governor of New York and
Secretary of State under President Pierce. Their children living are
Mrs. G. C. Winter, Mrs. C. F. Hill, Miss Grace, Andrew Marcy (a stu-
dent at Brown University ) , and Gardner.
ASHBURN, ALBERT HENRY, of Middleboro, Mass., was
born in that town April 11, 1866. He is the son of Edward
and Annie E. Washburn, his paternal ancestors settling in
Duxbury in 1623 and his mother's ancestors, the Whites,
coming over in the Mayflower in 1620.
Mr. Washburn was graduated Ph.B. from Cornell University, at
Ithaca, N. Y., in 1889, and from Georgetown University with the de-
gree of LL.B. in 1895. He was United States Consul at Magdeburg.
Germany, from 1890 to 1893, and alternate delegate from the Twelfth
Massachusetts District to the National Republican Convention in 1896.
At one time he was associated with United States Senator Henry
Cabot Lodge as his private confidential secretary. In 1897 he was ap-
402
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
pointed Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Massachu-
setts, which position he now holds. Mr. Washburn is a prominent
Republican, an able lawyer, and lias already achieved distinction both
at the bar and in politics. He is a member of the Metropolitan Club of
Washington, D. C., of the University, Middlesex, and Home Market
Clubs of Boston, of the Boston Athletic Association, and of the Yacht
Club of Hull, Mass. He resides at Middleboro, where he was born, and
is unmarried.
ILL, JAMES D., of Springfield, one of the most active Repub-
lican leaders in Massachusetts and now serving as Collector
of Internal Revenue for the Commonwealth with offices in
the Government Building at Boston, was born in Hinsdale,
Berkshire County, Mass., June 27, 1849, the son of Bartholomew Gill,
a farmer. Educated in the public schools and Hinsdale Academy, he
entered, at the age of eighteen, the
employ of the Hon. Lewis J. Powers
and a few years later succeeded him
in his retail business. He is the
owner of the famous Gill's Art Gal-
leries at Springfield, giving annual
exhibitions of celebrated American
paintings. That of February, 1898,
was the twenty-first exhibition.
These occasions are known the
world over, and are visited by
thousands of artists and dealers
from every State in the Union.
Gill's Exhibitions are distinguished
from those given in other cities on
account of the high reputation of
the artists; the superior work and
character of paintings displayed has
resulted in each exhibition being un-
qualifiedly successful, and pictures sold are sent to nearly every section
of the United States.
Mr. Gill has devoted a large portion of his time to public affairs, and
has served as a member of the Council and Board of Aldermen of
Springfield; as President of the Harrison and Morton Battalion in
1888; as Chairman of the Hanipden County Republican Committee for
six years, when he resigned; as organizer and President of the Repub-
JAMES D. GILL.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 403
licau Club of Springfield, which had 1,000 members; and as Vice-Presi-
dent for Massachusetts of the National League of Republican Clubs for
two years. He has been a personal friend of President McKiuley for
years and was an advocate of his candidacy for President. During
the last campaign he took a very active part in political affairs, organ-
izing the Hampdeu County Sound Money League, of which he was
elected and served as President. In 1897 he was appointed, by Presi-
dent McKinley, Internal Revenue Collector for Massachusetts, and to
this important office he is now giving his entire attention, the duties of
which have been largely augmented by the additional revenues im-
posed on account of the war with Spain. He brings to the administra-
tion of these labors an honorable business record of over a quarter of a
century and an executive capacity of superior order. Mr. Gill is a
member of the Home Market and Massachusetts Republican Clubs, and
in fraternal societies is a member of De Soto Lodge, I. O. O. F., and of
Springfield Lodge, F. and A. M.
He was married in Springfield, Mass., to Miss Evelyn C. Clyde,
daughter of Milton A. Clyde, an extensive contractor who, in associa-
tion with Sidney Dillon, built the Fourth Avenue tunnel in New York
City. They have one son, James Milton Gill.
ONES, ERASTUS, is one of the oldest citizens of Spencer,
Mass., where he was born September 11, 1825, and where
lie has always resided. His father, Dr. Asa Jones, was for
many years a practicing physician in that toAvn. 1 lis
mother was Lucy Dunbar. His paternal grandfather, Eli Jones, was a
farmer in the neighboring town of Charlton, where the Jones family,
which is said to have been of Welsh origin, were very early settlers.
Having received his education in the public schools of Spencer, Mr.
Jones engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes, which he has
followed ever since with uniform success, the present firm being E.
Jones & Co. He has been President of the Spencer National Bank
since its organization in 1875, having been one of its principal founders,
and is also President of both the Spencer Savings Bank and the
Spencer Gas Company. These connections indicate his great business
and executive ability, In's sound judgment and broad common sense,
and his untiring enterprise and financial skill. He is a man of un-
questioned integrity, and enjoys the confidence and respect of all who
know him.
Mr. Jones affiliated with the Republican party upon its organization,
40i HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and lias continuously been one of its most enthusiastic supporters. In
1ST4 lie represented his town in the Massachusetts Legislature, and in
1896 and 1897 he represented the Fourth Worcester Senatorial District
in the State Senate, serving on the Committee on Banks and Banking
during his first term and as Chairman of that committee in 1897. In
the latter year he was also a member of the Committees on Taxation
and Printing. His legislative career was marked by unceasing atten-
tion to duty, and won for him increased honors as a man of enterprise,
public spirit, and patriotism. He is a member of the Congregational
Church, and an active and influential citizen.
Mr. Jones was married in Thomaston, Me., to Mary I. Starr, daughter
of John B. H. Starr, of that town, and their children arc Lucy L, Julia
F., Mary P., and Everett Starr Jones.
DETTING, A. H., of Springfield Chairman of the Republican
State Committee of Massachusetts, is one of the best known
Republicans in New England. Although a young man, he
has been active in Republican politics for many years. He
started his political career when, as a resident of Brooklyn, N. Y., he
took an important part in the campaign which resulted in the election
of Seth Low as Mayor of that city.
It was during his residence in New York State that he first partici-
pated actively in National politics, when he was sent as a member of the
State delegation to the Republican National Convention of 1880, and
had as companions upon the delegation such men as Chester A. Arthur
and Roscoe Conkliug. Afterward he removed to Spring-field, Mass..
where he still resides. He has beea prominent in Massachusetts pol-
itics since his entrance into the State. For ten years he has been a
member of the Republican State Committee — a length of term which
has probably never been given to any one individual. For several years
he served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Republican
State Committee, and during the presidential campaign of 189G was
Chairman of the Finance Committee of Massachusetts, when the State
made so substantial a contribution to William McKinley's campaign
fund.
In 1897 Colonel Goetting was elected Chairman of the Republican
State Committee of Massachusetts by a unanimous vote, and with like
unanimity he has been chosen to that office at the beginning of each
vear since that time.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 405
He is prominent in the business as well as in the political life of Mas-
sachusetts, and is a member of the leading- social organizations of the
State. He holds the rank of Colonel, having served upon the staffs of
two Governors of Massachusetts — Governor Brackett and Governor
Greeuhalge.
OWERS, WILBUR HOWARD, of Boston, Mass., is a member
of a distinguished New Hampshire family, and was born in
Croydon, the birthplace of many eminent men, on January
22, 1849. He is the son of Elias^and Emeline (White) Pow-
ers, and his ancestors on both rides came from England. On his fath-
er's side they came from the north of France to England with William
the Conqueror, and as a General one of them fought with William at
the battle of Hastings. His great-grandfather, Captain Joseph Taylor,
was in the Indian Continental and Revolutionary wars; another great-
grandfather, Ezekiel Powers, fought in the Revolution and was present
at the surrender of Burgoyne. His grandfather, Abijah Powers, was a
Major in the War of 1812.
Mr. Powers's preliminary ediication was obtained at the district
schools, at Olean (X. Y. ) Academy, and at Kimball Union Academy
in Meriden, X. H. From this latter institution he was graduated in
1871, and four years later took his degree from Dartmouth College. He
attended lectures at the Boston University Law School, graduating
with the class of 1878, and on January 22, 1879, began the practice of
law in Boston, where he has met with excellent success. He was coun-
sel for Hyde Park during 1888-89, counsel for the Old Colony Railroad
in 1893-94, until it was absorbed by the Xew York, Xew Haven and
Hartford system, and was counsel for this latter road from 1893 to
1890. In the Massachusetts House of Representatives, in 1890, 1891,
and 1892, he represented the town of Hyde Park, and was an acknowl-
edged leader on the floor. In the House of 1891 his services were espe-
cially conspicuous, as he had in charge the bill to re-divide the State
into Congressional districts. The bill which was presented for the
endorsement of the House was, in large part, the work of Mr. Powers,
and had the honor of being the first non-partisan re-districting measure
ever presented to any Legislature. He introduced a bill for the equali-
zation of taxes for the purpose of especially aiding the poorer munici-
palities. He was also very much interested in and aided in passing the
Collateral Inheritance Tax Bill. In 1892 he was Chairman of the Rail-
406 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
way Committee and in 1890 Chairman of the Engrossed Bills Com-
mittee. In 189G he was a Presidential Elector.
Mr. Powers has fully sustained the family name in his life-work, and
has given ample credit to the State of his birth. " The cases in court
and the causes before the Legislature with which he has been identified
stamp him as a man of broad attainments, of keen practical insight,
and of great power. The confidence of his fellow citizens, which he
lias won in high degree, speaks louder for his worth than any other
tribute, and he would not be the man lie is if he did not find in that the
highest reward for all of his endeavors." Mr. Powers has always been
a stalwart Republican, and aside from his legislative duties has served
his town upon all of the local committees, serving as secretary and
chairman. He was a member of the Eepublican State Committee
during 1893 and 1894 and a member of the Ninth (afterward the
Eleventh) Congressional District Committee from 1886 to 189G. He is
a director in the Balch Brothers' Publishing Company, is a member
of the Sons of the American Revolution, and was President of the Wa v-
erly Club of Hyde Park from 1894 to 1897 inclusive.
Mr. Powers was married May 1, 1880, to Emily Owen, of Lebanon,
N. H. They have two children: Walter and Myra.
NGRAHAM, WILLIAM HUTCHINS, of Watertown, Mass.,
was born in Peacham, Vt., August 29, 1818, and is the son
of Paul Augustus Ingraham and Thankful Sears. His
father was a well-known carriage and harness maker. His
ancestors came from near Leeds, England, and were among the early
settlers of New Bedford, Mass., where a considerable number of the
Ingrahams still reside.
Having received his education in the Caledonia County Grammar
School at Peacham, Mr. Ingraham, when fifteen years old, began active
work, first at Framingham, Mass., where he was associated with his
eldest brother. In 1846 he removed to Watertown, Mass., and engaged
in general trade, and so continued until the outbreak of the War of the
Rebellion. He then went to Boston and was engaged in business there
till 1879, when he retired. Mr. Ingraham cast his first vote for William
Henry Harrison for President in 1840. He joined the Free Soil party
upon its organization, and when the Republican party was formed he
affiliated with that party and has ever since been one of its ablest and
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 407
most consistent and loyal supporters, and often its standard-bearer.
He has held every political office within the gift of the town of Water-
town, where he resides, and for two years (1879 and 1880) was a Rep-
resentative to the Massachusetts Legislature, serving as a member and
clerk of the Railroad Committee. He served as Town Clerk of Water-
town for twenty-five years, as Assessor for fifteen years, and as a Select
man for several years, and filled every position with ability, integrity,
arid satisfaction. Though now living in retirement, and out of active
politics, in which he was long a trusted leader, he still takes a deep
interest in the welfare of the Republican party, and has never failed to
exert his best efforts in advancing its cause and in the support of its
candidates. He is a decided McKinley Republican, and a citizen whom
the community has delighted to honor, and in whom his fellowmen
have the utmost confidence. His influence has always been found on
the side of right and justice, and while his career has been one of quiet,
unostentatious activity, he lias, in various ways, been instrumental in
furthering the material interests of his town, in administering its affairs
on lines at once effective and progressive, and in aiding and promoting
the general prosperity of the people. He has represented as local agent
some of the oldest and largest insurance companies in America, and is a
trustee of the Watertown Savings Bank and a member of the Odd
Fellows fraternity and the Unitarian Club.
Mr. Ingraham married Caroline C. Brigham, of Wayland, Mass., and
has three children : Ralph Waldo, Isabel Frances, and Alice Choate.
AVENPORT, WILLIAM NATHANIEL, Secretary and ex-
ecutive officer of the Massachusetts Metropolitan Water
Board, was born in Boylston, Mass., November 3, 1856, and
is the son of William Jephthah and Almira (Howard)
Davenport. His father was a farmer, and traces his ancestry to Cap-
tain Richard Davenport, who came from England to Massachusetts in
1628 and settled in Salem. He subsequently moved to Boston and was
placed in charge of the King's forces prior to the Revolution.
William N. Davenport was educated in the schools of his native
town, and subsequently for two years was engaged in cotton mills. For
nine years following he was employed in a shoe manufactory. He then
decided to fit himself for a professional career and began the study of
law in Marlboro, Mass., continuing the same in the Law Depart-
ment of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He began .the prac-
tice of his profession in Marlboro and Boston, and continued it
408
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
until he was appointed to his present position in 1895. Mr. Davenport
lias been one of the active Republican leaders of his district and has
served the party in local and State affairs for several years. He was
clerk of the Marlboro Police Court from 1882 to 1884.
In 1885 he was elected to the House of Representatives and was re-
elected in 1886. During his terms of service he was a member of the
Committees on Probate and Insolvency and Bills in Third Reading,
WILLIAM N. DAVENPORT.
and during his last term was Chairman of the Committee on Election
Laws. In 1888 he was elected to the State Senate and re-elected to the
same office in 1889. During his senatorial career he was a member of
the Committees on Judiciary, Railroads, Bills in Third Reading, and
Probate and Insolvency, and of two investigating committees, serving
as Chairman of one of the latter bodies. He served as Mayor of Marl-
boro in 1894 and 1895. Mr. Davenport was for several years Chair-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 409
man of the Republican Town Committee, for two years a member of the
Republican State Central Committee, for four years a member of the
Ninth Congressional District Committee, and Secretary of the Sixth
Councillor District for four years. It will thus be seen that he has
given a large portion of his time for the benefit of his party and the
general public, and in all of these positions of trust and responsibility
has rendered faithful and honorable service. He is a Knight Templar
Mason, and a member of the I. O. R. M., the Legion of Honor, the
Union Club of Marlboro, the Middlesex Club of Boston, and various
other social organizations.
Mr. Davenport was married in 1887 to Miss Lizzie M. Kendall, of
Boylston, Mass.
< CLELLAN, JOHN EDWARD, President and Treasurer of
the Grafton Electric Company, of Grafton, Mass., and State
Senator from the Fifth Worcester County District, was born
in Sutton, Mass., September 5, 1847, the son of John Mc-
Clellan, a farmer, and Amy Ide Daggett. His father's ancestors came
from Scotland and his mother's from England, among the latter being
Governor Maylie\v, who settled at Martha's Vineyard in 1G44, and
Colonel John Daggett, an officer in the Revolution.
Mr. McClellan represents the eighth generation on his father's side
and the sixth generation of his mother's family in Sutton, Mass., where
he obtained his early education in the common schools. He also at-
tended Leicester Academy, and has been largely interested in farming,
in the coal and Avood business, and as a contractor of public works,
achieving in each a high reputation and marked success. He also spent
thirteen years in the Missouri Valley and in California, engaged in farm-
ing and mining.
He has always been an ardent Republican, and from the first actively
interested in the State roads movement, and in both connections has
wielded no small influence. He served ten years as Road Commissioner
of the town of Grafton, two years as a member of the Board of Select-
men, and two years (1896 and 1897) as a Representative to the Massa-
chusetts Legislature. In 1897 he was a member of the Joint Special
Committee appointed by the Legislature to investigate the subject of
tuberculosis in the Commonwealth. In November, 1898, he was elected
State Senator from the Fifth Worcester District. He is President and
Treasurer of the Grafton Electric Company, of Grafton, Mass., Presi-
dent of the Grafton Board of Trade, and a member of the Grand Army
of the Republic, the Sons of the American Revolution, and the Grange,
410
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and in every capacity has displayed eminent ability, sound judgment,
and great public spirit. For one year he served as a member of Com-
pany F, First Battalion -Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.
Mr. McClellan has been twice married, and by his first Avife has three
children : James H., Amy, and L. Arthur. His present wife, whom he
married in May, 1887, was S. Elizabeth Dodge, of Grafton, Mass.
OUKXIER, JOHN M., of Central Falls, E. I., the oldest child
of James and Elmire (Chagnon) Fournier, was born Octo-
ber 19, 1845, in Marieville, P. Q., Canada. Until he was
twelve years old he attended the public schools of his native
place, and then worked on his father's farm until he was sixteen. At
that age he began to learn the trade of carriage-making, and at the
expiration of his appren-
ticeship, when nineteen
years old (in 1865), he
came to Troy, X. Y. The
following year he located
in Central Falls, I\. I., se-
cured employment as a
h o u s e carpenter, and
through careful frugality
and self-denial saved suf-
ficient to enable him to in-
vest in real estate. His
venture proved profitable,
and in 1871 he was en-
abled to establish a gen-
eral grocery business in
partnership with his
brother. The latter soon
retired and Hector Schil-
ler became a member of
• the firm and business was
continued under the name
of Fournier & Schiller. At first the business of this firm was general
groceries and provisions, but in 1881 a bakery was added. The manu-
facture of preserves was begun in 1885 and in 1888 the canning indus-
try was introduced. In 1892 it was concluded to divide the business;
Mr. Fournier and Alphonse Schiller took the bakery and canning de-
partments and have since devoted all their energies to the develop-
JOHN M. FOURNIER.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 411
ment of this business with such good results that it is now the largest
plant of its kind in Ehode Islaud. The establishment is located at 9
and 11 Sheridan Street, Central Falls, R. I. Besides an extensive
bakery there are departments devoted to preserving, canning, pickling,
and making catsup and mustard. Mr. Fournier also deals extensively
in maple sugar and syrup. In 1893 the business was incorporated as
the Fournier & Schiller Company, and Mr. Fournier is president and
treasurer.
In political matters Mr. Fournier is an active Republican and has
been repeatedly honored by the people of Lincoln. He was a member
of the Lincoln Town Council in 1887-88 and was Commissioner of the
Sinking Fund of the Central Falls Fire District. In 1892 he was elected
to the lower House of the State Legislature, and was annually re-elected
for four terms. During this service he was chairman or member of
many of the most important committees in the House, among them
Engrossed Bills, Accounts and Claims, Manufacturing, Militia, etc.
He is a member of the Business Men's Association of Central Falls, and
was elected Commissioner of the Sinking Fund in 1895, when Central
Falls became a city. He was also elected a member of the Republican
State Central Committee in the same year and still holds both positions.
He is a member of the Republican City Committee and Chairman of his
ward, and a member of several secret societies.
In 1867 he married Louise Ruel, and by this union there are two
children : Exeline and Delia. His first wife died in 1873, and he was
married in 1876 to Louise Schiller; they have no children.
rSSELL, PARLEY ASA, was born June 18, 1838, in Great
Barrington, Mass., where he still resides. His father, John
C. Russell, was a prominent manufacturer of woolen goods
and a descendant of a long line of New England ancestors,
one of whom, John Russell, served with honor at the Battle of Bunker
Hill. His maternal as well as his paternal ancestors came from Eng-
land during the Colonial period. His mother was Janette E. Russell.
Mr. Russell was educated at Williston Seminary in Easthampton,
Mass., and at College Hill in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and has spent his
entire life as a woolen manufacturer, learning the business with his
father, and in time becoming a mill owner. His connection with the
Republican party dates from the time he cast his first vote, and ever
since then he has been an ardent and enthusiastic supporter of its prin-
ciples and candidates. But his large business interests have not al-
•412 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
lowed him to accept office until recently, though frequently urged to do
so. He was a delegate from the First Massachusetts District to the
Republican National Convention of 1896, and in 1898 was elected a
member of the Governor's Council, which position he still holds. He
is a man of acknowledged business ability, of great force of character,
and of strict integrity, and has achieved success and eminence.
ANAFORD, JAMES BOARDMAN, M.D., of Apponaug, R. I.,
was the son of Joseph Norris Hanaford and Betsey Nichols
Prescott and a lineal descendant on his mother's side of
Captain John Prescott, who fell at the Battle of Bunker
Hill. Born in New Hampton, N. H., February 21, 1849, he received
his education in his native State, attending the public schools and the
New London Literary and Scientific Institution (now Colby Academy),
and read medicine with the late Professor L. B. How, of Dartmouth
College, and at the Medical Department of the University of New York,
from which he was graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1871. He
then took up the active practice of his profession in Apponaug, R. I.,
where he resided until his death, December 5, 1898.
Dr. Hanaford achieved eminent success, not only as a physician, but
also in public life, and in every capacity won and maintained the con-
fidence of all who knew him. He built up an extensive practice, and
was noted throughout his section as one of the ablest men of the time.
Respected and honored by all, a firm friend, and a wise counsellor, he
was a man of unswerving integrity, of acknowledged leadership, of
rare personal and intellectual attainments, and of great executive
energy and force of character. In public affairs as well as in a profes-
sional capacity he was prominent and active, and filled a number of
offices with great credit and satisfaction. For many years lie was
Town Physician of the town of Warwick. In April, 1888, he was
elected a member of the Rhode Island General Assembly, and by suc-
cessive re-elections continued to hold that office until his death, serving
much of the time on the Judiciary Committee. His services in the Leg-
islature distinguished him as a statesman of recognized ability, and
won for him a reputation which extended even beyond the limits of the
State. At the time of his death Dr. Hanaford was also a member of
the Board of State Charities and Corrections. He was a member of
King Solomon Lodge, F. and A. M., of East Greenwich, of the Provi-
dence Athletic Association, of the Warwick Club, and of other organi-
zations. In 1872 he married Anna Louise Reynolds. They had no
children.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 413
UMNER, CHAKLES, son of Charles Pinckney Sumner, was
born in Boston, Mass., on the 6th of January, 1811, and was
graduated from Harvard College in 1830. He read law at
the Harvard Law School under Judge Story, was admitted
to the bar, and soon came into prominence as a lawyer of extraordinary
ability. He went to Europe in 1837 and remained three vears studvinsr
*• v O
and traveling, and upon his return devoted himself to his profession.
He brought back with him " a wealth of information, a sincerity of
devotion to freedom, a ripeness of culture, an earnestness in the pursuit
of truth, and an independence of character such as have been rarely
given to American statesmen."
The proposed annexation of Texas marked the entrance of Mr. Sum-
ner into that political sphere which he subsequently filled so ably and
brilliantly. On that occasion he delivered in Faneuil Hall on the 4th
of July, 1845, a speech entitled the " True Grandeur of Nations."
Cobden considered this to be the most noble contribution made by any
modern writer to the cause of peace. When Daniel Webster resigned
his seat in the Senate to become President Fillmore's Secretary of State,
Mr. Sunnier succeeded him as United States Senator. Mr. Simmer's
numerous speeches and orations have been collected and published.
The following was wrritten near the commencement of his political
career : " He has great power of condensation, without the wearisome
monotony which often accompanies the writings and sayings of close
thinkers and rigid reasoners. There is a vigorous and graceful stateli-
ness. an easy felicity, a fastidious accuracy, and an imperial dignity in
his style, which is both commanding and fascinating. There is a vast
breadth of comprehension and a vast depth of meaning in his matter.
. . . His orations are written with great care. They abound with
allusions to the sayings and doings of the ancients, and manifest deep
research and profound thought. His brilliant arguments at the bar
have elicited unbounded admiration, and his model manner of delivery
enhances the value of eloquent appeals." This is more recent: " For
depth and accuracy of thought, for fulness of historical information,
and for a species of gigantic morality which treads all sophistry under
foot and rushes at once to the right conclusion, wre know not a single
orator, speaking the English tongue, who ranks as his superior."
In his political course Mr. Sumner was ever a strong advocate of
anti-slavery, and for years delivered speeches and labored zealously in
its behalf. " There were censures of his taste, of his epithets, of his
rhetoric, of his style, while he was doing a giant's work in rousing and
saving a nation. How many a critic points out the defects of St.
Peter's! And St. Peter's remains one of the grandest temples in the
world. He loved duty more than friendship, and he feared dishonor
414 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
more than any foe. He measured truly the real forces around him, and
he saw more clearly than any American statesman that ever lived the
vital relation between political morality and national prosperity."
After the delivery of his famous speech, " The Crime against Kan-
sas," in 1856, Mr. Sumner was assaulted in the United States Senate
by Preston 8. Brooks, Senator from South Carolina, and so severely
injured as to be unable to resume his public duties for three or four
years. Indeed, he never fully recovered from the blow. He appeared
in the Senate for the last time only the day before his death. His grave
is in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Boston. " It is a pleasant spot on a little
path just to one side of the main road, which runs from the chapel to
the tower. A great oak rises just before you get to the grave, and
throws its kindly shade over the statesman's resting-place. No magnif-
icent monumental shaft with elaborate epitaphs marks the spot where
the great Senator sleeps, but a plain white tablet only a foot or so in
height, with the brief inscription, ' Charles Sumner, born Jan. G, 1811,
died March 11, 1874,' informs the stranger that he stands before the
grave of a giant."
Mr. Sumner's eventful career is all a matter of history, recorded by
eminent writers in volumes which pale the space at our command into
comparative insignificance. Suffice it to say that he was one of the
ablest leaders of Republicanism at a period when the party was de-
veloping the forces and power which have made it one of the grandest
political organizations in the world.
ULLOWAY, CYRUS ADAMS, member of the Fifty-fourth,
Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses from the First New
Hampshire Congressional District, was born in Grafton,
N. H., June 8, 1839. Having received a common school and
academic education, he took up the study of law with the late Hon. Aus-
tin F. Pike, of Franklin, and in 1863 was admitted to the bar. Since
January, 1864, he has been actively engaged in the successful practice
of his profession in Manchester in his native State. As a lawyer he has
achieved an eminent reputation, and in the many important cases with
\vhich he has been connected he has displayed great ability, sound judg-
ment, and the highest legal qualifications.
Mr. Sulloway has been for many years one of the most active and
prominent Republicans in New Hampshire. He was a member of the
House of Representatives of that State in 1872, in 1873, and from 1887
to 1893 inclusive, and was elected to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth
Congresses from the First NeAV Hampshire District by large majorities,
receiving 25,661 votes against 18,928 cast for John B. Nast, Democrat.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 415
In the National House, Mr. Sulloway has taken a leading part in debate
and committee work, and was one of the strongest advocates of war
with Spain for Cuban liberty.
ARKER, HENRY RODMAN, was born September 15, 1841,
in Providence, R. I., where he still resides. He was edu-
cated in the public schools, began life as a clerk, and from
that period until the present (1899) has been a hard
worker, rising step by step until to-day he is president of several large
corporations, and interested in many other business enterprises in
Rhode Island. His parents were William C. and Sarah A. ( Jenckes)
Barker, both of English descent. The Barker family trace their Ameri-
can ancestry to James Barker, who landed at Plymouth, Mass., in 1036,
subsequently in 1G39 settling in Newport, R. I., where for many years
he was assistant or Deputy-Governor. His name is, among others, on
the Royal Charter granted by King Charles. The Jenckes family also
figured in early Colonial history and became prominent in Rhode Island
through the service rendered to the State by Governor Jenckes. Will-
iam C. Barker, father of Henry R., was prominent in public affairs of
his day. For many years he was Surveyor of the Port of Providence,
and a member of the first City Council in 1832, serving until 1836, from
the Third Ward, when he became an Alderman and served in that
capacity until 1838.
Henry R. Barker entered the employ of the Providence Mutual Fire
Insurance Company in January, 1860, and has since devoted his ener-
gies and abilities to the progress and advancement of that line of busi-
ness. He became President of the company in December, 1883, and is
still serving in that capacity. The company was incorporated in 1800,
and is one of the strongest mutual fire insurance companies in New
England, having a cash surplus of |250,000, and cash assets of more
than |400,000. Mr. Barker is also President of the Rhode Island In-
vestment Company and of the Roger Williams Savings Fund and Loan
Association; Vice-President of the Old Colony Co-operative Bank; and
a director in the Industrial Trust Company, the Narragansett Electric
Lighting Company, the Rhode Island Electric Protective Company, the
Woonsocket Rubber Company, and the Rhode Island Safe Deposit Com-
pany. This is a remarkable showing for a man yet in the prime of life,
who commenced business as an humble clerk.
Mr. Barker has devoted about twelve years of official service to his
native city. In 1873 he was elected, as a Republican, to the City Coun-
cil, in which body he served continuously until 1880, being President of
the Council in 1879. In 1880 he was elected an Alderman and con-
416
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
tinned a member of that body until 1883, also serving as its President
in 1882. While a member of the city government he was an active
member of all of the more important committees. From January,
1889, until January, 1S1I1, he served the city as Mayor, and since that
period he has been one of the Commissioners of the Sinking Funds. Mr.
Barker has always taken a deep interest in educational affairs, lias
served at different periods as a member of the Providence School Board
and was chairman of the Committee on Education while in the public
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 417
service, during which the High School on Summer street and several
other school-houses were erected. He was also chairman of the com-
mittee to dedicate the new City Hall and the Burnside statue. In
1898 he was induced to accept the nomination for the State Legisla-
ture, was elected to that office, and is now serving as a member of the
Finance Committee. Mr. Barker served in the Tenth Rhode Island
Volunteer Infantry from May, ] 862, to September, 18G2. He is a mem-
ber of Slocum Post, No. 10, G. A. R., and has held office in that post
for twenty-seven years, being three years its Commander. He has also
been Department Commander of the State. He is a member of the
Squantum and Elmwood dubs, and the Providence Athletic Associa-
tion. Mr. Barker has been prominent in Masonic circles, being a mem-
ber of Corinthian Lodge, of Providence Royal Arch Chapter, and of Cal-
vary Commandery, and has received the 32d degree.
He was married in October, 1864, to Annie C. Tripp, daughter of
Stephen A. and Jane L. (Ames) Tripp, of New Bedford, Mass. Two
children have been born to them : Henry A., now the General Manager
and Treasurer of the Rhode Island Electric Protective Company, and
Jessie L. Barker.
ALKER, REUBEN EUGENE, of Concord, N. H., is the sou of
Abiel and Mary (Powers) Walker, and was born in Lowell,
Mass., February 15, 1851. He received his preparatory edu-
cation in New ILr.npshire, first in the district school in
Warner and subsequently at Colby Academy in New London, and was
graduated from Brown University in Rhode Island in 1875. He read
laAV in Concord, N. H., with Sargent & Chase, was admitted to the bar
in 1878, and since then has been successfully engaged in active practice
in that city, being now a member of the firm of Streeter, Walker &
Hollis.
Mr. Walker is a Republican in politics, and in both professional and
public life has displayed marked ability. He was Solicitor of Merri-
mack County from 1889 to 1891, and in 1895 represented the Sixth
Ward of Concord in the New Hampshire Legislature.
June 18, 1875, Mr. Walker married Mary E. Brown, and they have
one daughter, Bertha May.
LLETT, FREDERICK HUNTINGTON, of Springfield, was
born in Westfield, Mass., October 16, 1851. He was grad-
uated from Amherst College in 1874 and from the Harvard
Law School with the degree of LL.B. in 1877, and since his
admission to the Massachusetts bar in the latter year has been actively
418 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and successfully engaged in the practice of his profession in Springfield,
where he resides.
Mr. Gillett has achieved distinction, not only at the bar, but also in
public life, and as a Republican has gained and long held an acknowl-
edged leadership in party councils. He was Assistant Attorney-General
of the Commonwealth from 1879 to 1882, was elected to the Massachu-
setts House of Representatives in 1890 and 1891, and was elected to the
Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, and Fifty-fifth Congresses from the Second
Massachusetts Congressional District. His services in Congress have
been characterized by unfailing fidelity to his constituents, by great
patriotism and ability, and by marked usefulness to the country at
large.
HAMBERLAIN, LOYED ELLIS, State Senator, of Brockton,
Mass., is the son of the late Robert M. and Eliza A. Chamber-
lain, and descends through his father from the Bradfords
of the Mayflower Pilgrims and through his mother from the
Sampson, Cooper, and Wright families, all early colonists of Xew Eng-
land and of English ancestry. His paternal ancestors moved to Maine
from Hanover, Mass., and his father, in early life, returned from
Auburn, Me., to Massachusetts, where, in Plympton, Senator Chamber-
lain was born January 30, 1857.
He received his education in Brockton, attending the common and
high schools and for two years studying under private tutors. He was
graduated from the Boston University Law School with the degree of
LL.B. in 1877, and in 1882 began the active practice of his profession in
Brockton, Mass., where he resides, and where he has built up a large
clientage. His law partner is E. H. Fletcher, the firm name being
Chamberlain & Fletcher. Senator Chamberlain has been a Republican
from boyhood, and in various capacities has rendered valuable and effi-
cient service to his party. He was appointed Judge of the Police Court
of Brockton on its establishment in 1885 and served as such until 1897,
when he resigned, having been elected in November of that year to the
Massachusetts Senate from the Brockton district. He served in the
session of 1898 with conspicuous ability and was re-elected for 1899,
and as Chairman of the Senate Committee on Cities has had a good op-
portunity to watch important questions involving municipal affairs
and governmental problems, in which he is especially interested. He
was also City Solicitor of Brockton from 1890 to 1895 and has been a
member of the Brockton School Committee during the last seven years.
As a lawyer Senator Chamberlain ranks among the leaders of the bar
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 419
of Southeastern Massachusetts. He has a successful and constantly
increasing general civil practice, and is attorney for the Brockton,
Bridgewater and Taunton Street Railway Company and the Brockton,
Canton and Dedham Street Railway Company, both of which he organ-
ized. He has also organized, as attorney, three other companies. He
has been President of the Brockton Board of Trade since its oraaniza-
o
tioii in 1896 and was one of its principal founders, and is a member of
the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities, of the New England Order
of Protection, of the Grange, of the Independent Order of Good Tem-
plars, and of the Commercial Club of Brockton. In every capacity he
has displayed the highest intellectual abilities, sound judgment, great
energy and enterprise, and unswerving integrity.
August 26, 1890, Senator Chamberlain married Mina C. Miller, of
Camden, Me. They have two children: Leslie C., born in 1891, and
Frederick L., born July 2, 1899.
cCALL, SAMUEL WALKER, member of Congress from the
Eighth Massachusetts District and a prominent lawyer of
Boston, was born in East Providence, Pa., February 28,
1851. He was graduated from the New Hampton (N. H. )
Academy in 1870 and from Dartmouth College in 1874, and, having
studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1876. Since then, with the ex-
ception of one year when he was editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser,
he has successfully practiced his profession in Boston.
Mr. McCall resides in Winchester, Mass. He has been for many years
an active and influential Republican and a recognized leader of his
party, which has honored him with several positions of trust. He was
elected a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in
1888. 1889, and 1892, served as a delegate to the Republican National
Convention in 1888, and was elected to the Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth,
and Fifty-fifth Congresses from the Eighth Massachusetts Congres-
sional District, and was re-elected in the fall of 1898. His services in
Congress, his career at the bar, and his achievements in literature have
brought him into wide prominence.
HENEY, PERSON COLBY, of Manchester, N. H., formerly
Governor, United States Senator, and Minister to Switzer-
land, com«s from old New England stock. The son of Moses
Cheney, a prominent paper manufacturer, he was born in
Holderness, N. H., February 25, 1828, and attended the academies at
420 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Peterboro and Hancock in his native State and at Parsonfield, Me. In
1847 he assumed the management of the paper mill at Peterboro. He
became a member of the firm of Cheney, Haclley & Gowing in 1854, and
in 18G6 moved to Manchester, N. H., where he engaged in business as a
dealer in paper stock and manufacturers' supplies. As a member of the
firm of Cheney & Thorpe he also engaged in paper manufacturing at
Goffstown, N. H. He is now the head of the P. C. Cheney Company.
Becoming actively interested in politics soon after lie attained his
majority, Mr. Cheney represented the town of Peterboro in the New
Hampshire Legislature in 1853-54, and in 1860-61 entered zealously
into the cause of the Union, aiding and promoting in various ways the
preparation of his State for the struggle. In August, 1862, he was ap-
pointed Quartermaster of the Thirteenth Regiment, but in January,
1863, was taken seriously ill and after a three months' sickness was
obliged to resign. He sent, however, a substitute to the service.
Soon after taking up his residence in Manchester, Mr. Cheney be-
came a prominent and influential factor in the Republican parly, and in
1872 was elected Mayor of the city. One of the important features of
his successful administration was the introduction of the fire-alarm
telegraph system. Declining a renominatiou as Mayor, he was elected
Governor of the State for 1875-76, and in the autumn of 1886 was ap-
pointed United States Senator to fill the unexpired term of Hon. Austin
F. Pike. In 1888 he was a delegate-at-large to the Republican National
Convention, and succeeded Hon. E. H. Rollins as a member of the Re-
publican National Committee, which position he still holds. He was
appointed by President Harrison in December, 1892, Envoy Extraordi-
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Switzerland, and served in that
capacity until June 29, 1893. For three years he also served as one of
the Railroad Commissioners of New Hampshire.
Mr. Cheney was a director of the Peterboro Bank before his removal
to Manchester, and has been President of the People's Savings Bank of
Manchester since its organization in 1874. In 1872 he was elected a
trustee of Bates College and founded a scholarship in that institution,
and at the close of his term as Governor Dartmouth College conferred
upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He is a member of Altemont
Lodge, F. and A. M., of Peterboro Chapter, No. 12, R. A. M., of Peter-
boro Lodge, No. 15, I. O. O. F., of Louis Bell Post, G. A. R., of the Mas-
sachusetts Loyal Legion, and of the Society of the Army of the Poto-
mac. He is a member of the Unitarian Church, but a liberal contrib-
utor to all religious denominations, and in every capacity has achieved
distinction and honor. His public services have won for him a reputa-
tion for ability and integrity which extends beyond the limits of New
England.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
421
May 22, 1850, Mr. Cheney married S. Anna, daughter of Samuel Mor-
rison Moore, of Bronson, Mich. She died January 7, 1858, and on June
29, 1859, he married Mrs. Sarah (White) Keith, daughter of Jonathan
White, one of the earliest manufacturers of Lowell, Mass. She has been
for over twenty years President of the Woman's Aid and Relief Society
of Manchester, and active in other private and public charities. They
have one daughter, Agnes Anna, born October 22, 1869, who married
Charles H. Fish, Agent of the Cocheco Manufacturing Company, of
Dover, N. H.
ONG, JOHN DAVIS, LL.D., Governor of Massachusetts in
1880-82 and Secretary of the Navy in President McKinley's
Cabinet, was born in Buckfield, Me., October 27, 1838. He
descends from Miles Long, who moved from North Carolina
to Plymouth, Mass., and married Thankful Clarke, a descendant of
Thomas Clarke, who came over in the ship Ann in 1623, and whose
gravestone stands on Burial Hill in
Plymouth, his death occurring in
l(i!>7. Thomas Long, son of Miles and
Thankful (Clarke) Long, was born in
1771, moved to Buckfield, Me., in 1806,
and died there in 1861. Zadoc Long,
son of Thomas, was born in Middle-
borough, Mass., in 1800, moved to
Buckfield with his parents, and died
in Winchendon in 1873. He was a
prominent citizen, and in 1838 the
Whig candidate for election to Con-
gress. He married Julia Temple
Davis, daughter of Simon Davis, of
Falmouth, Me., and a lineal descend-
ant of Dolor Davis, who came from
Kent, England, to Cambridge, Mass.;
and they were the parents of the sub-
ject of this article.
John D. Long was educated in the
Buckfield public schools, at Hebron
Academy under Mark H. Dunnell,
and at Harvard College, which he entered at the early age of fourteen,
graduating with honors in 1857. He was the author of the class ode at
Commencement, and during the last year of his course stood next to
the head of his class. On leaving college Mr. Long became principal
JOHN D. LONG.
422 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of Westford Academy in Middlesex County, Mass., but in 1859 returned
to Cambridge and entered the Harvard Law School. He also studied
law with the late Sidney Bartlett and Hon. Peleg W. Chandler in
Boston, where he was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1861. He began
active practice in Brickfield, Me., but in 1863 removed to Boston, Mass.,
and has ever since maintained an office in that city. Mr. Long soon
gained eminence at the bar, not only for his great legal ability and
intellectual attainments, but for his broad and intimate knowledge of
jurisprudence and also his acquaintance with classical literature. He
translated Virgil's .TSueid into blank verse, composed a number of
notable poems, and contributed many valuable articles to different
publications. His early professional associate in Boston was Stillman
B. Allen; more recently Alfred Hemenway has been his partner.
In 1873 Mr. Long entered upon his political career as a member of the
lower House of the Massachusetts Legislature from the First Plymouth
District, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Bills in Third
Reading. He was also frequently called to the Speaker's chair in the
absence of Speaker John E. Sanford. In 1876 he was again a member
of the House and was elected Speaker, which position he also filled in
1877 and again in 1878, receiving the last year every vote of the House
except six. He presided with great dignity, impartiality, and tact, and
displayed a remarkably ready knowledge of parliamentary procedure.
Mr. Long's immense popularity throughout the Commonwealth, to-
gether with his rising prominence both at the bar and in public life,
won for him a flattering vote for the governorship on the Republican
ticket in 1877 and again in 1878 and, in the latter year, the nomination
for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket headed by Governor Thomas
Talbot. He was elected and served during the year 1879. In November,
1ST!), he was elected Governor of Massachusetts, receiving 122,751 votes
against 109,149 for General Benjamin F. Butler, 9,989 for John Quincy
Adams, and 1,645 for Rev. I). C. Eddy. Governor Long was one of the
youngest men Avho ever filled the executive chair in Massachusetts, yet
his administration proved so popular and useful that in the Republican
State Convention of September 15, 1880, he was renominated by accla-
mation and on November 2 re-elected by an immense plurality. In
1881 he received similar honors. He served as Governor of the Com-
monwealth for three years (from January, 1879, to January, 1882),
and no one ever had a firmer hold upon the affections of the people.
In 1882 Governor Long was elected a Representative to Congress
from the Second Congressional District of Massachusetts, and was re-
elected in 1884 and 1886, serving six years. Here he won new honors,
and a wider reputation, and made a number of important speeches, the
most notable of which was one on the so-called Whiskv Bill. After
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 423
his third term had expired he resumed his law practice in Boston. In
1882 he delivered the Fourth of July oration before the municipal au-
thorities of that city.
Governor Long continued to take a leading part in the Republican
State and National campaigns, and as a speaker gained a very high
standing. He has been for many years one of the ablest party leaders
in the country. In 1897 he became Secretary of the Navy in President
McKinley's Cabinet, and his able and energetic administration of that
office has placed him among the foremost men of the time. The prompt-
ness and masterly manner with which he met the exigencies arising
from the war with Spain in 1898, and the brilliancy of his manage-
ment of the Navy Department during that exciting period, have won
for him even more than a National reputation. He still (1899) holds
the Secretaryship of the Navy at Washington. In 1880 Harvard Col-
lege conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL.D. He is a member
of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, and other organizations, and has long
been President of the Massachusetts Total Abstinence Society. He is
an active Unitarian, and has been President of the Unitarian Club and
of the American Unitarian Association.
September 13, 1870, Mr. Long married Mary W., daughter of George
S. Glover, of Hingham, Mass., where he had previously fixed his resi-
dence. Since 1874 he has lived in Boston during the winter months.
Mrs. Long died in 1882. leaving two daughters. May 22, 1886, Gov-
ernor Long married Agnes, daughter of Rev. Joseph D. Pierce, of
North Attleboro, Mass., by whom he has one son, Pierce.
HADWICK, WILLIAM PERRY, of Exeter, one of the young
and promising Republican members of the House of Repre-
sentatives of New Hampshire, was born in Exeter, N. H.,
December 28, 1864, and is the son of John and Frances
Gilman (Rogers) Chadwick. John Chadwick was one of the old-line
clipper sea captains and subsequently a naval constructor both in
America and England. His English ancestors came to America early
in Colonial days, and his descendants were prominently identified
with the early development of New England, one of the family, Dr.
Edmund Chadwick, being a surgeon on the staff of General Wash-
ington. He was a resident of Exeter for many years and died in
that city in 1885. His wife, who died in 1893, was also connected with
several of the oldest families of New England history. The Rogers
424
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
family in America trace their ancestry to John Rogers, who was one
of the early Christian martyrs, being burned at the stake in England.
Her great-uncle, Nicholas Oilman, whose name she also bore, was one
of the signers from New Hampshire of the Constitution of the United
States.
William P. Chadwick received his early educational training in the
public schools of his native town, was fitted for college at that cele-
WILLIAM P. CHADWICK.
brated educational institution, Phillips Exeter Academy, and entering
Harvard University, was graduated with the class of 1889. After
leaving college he entered the law office of E. T. Burley, of Lawrence,
Mass., one of the best trial lawyers of that State, where he received in-
struction and' pursued his studies until 1891, when he was admitted to
the bar, passing with the highest rank of any student admitted that
year.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 425
In 1893 he began general practice in Exeter, N. H., where he has
since resided and has established a successful and growing law busi-
ness. He has always affiliated with the Republican party, and in 1896
was nominated and elected a member of the General Court of the State
for the term of 1897 and 1898. In the fall of 1898 he was renominated
and re-elected and is now serving his second term in the Legislature.
He has developed marked traits of leadership and has been a member
of the Judiciary Committee both sessions. Mr. Chadwick is a young
man of promise, a hard student, and an orator and speaker of force and
character, and has displayed many of the important attributes of
leadership. He has been one of the trustees of Phillips Exeter Acad-
emy since 1893, is a Park Commissioner of Exeter, and has been a
director of the Exeter Manufacturing Company and of the Exeter
Banking Company. In social circles he is a member of the University
Clubs of Boston and New York, of the Brookline Country Club, and of
the Cambridge Golf and Country Club. In 1899 he was appointed by
Governor Rollins Judge Advocate-General on his staff with rank of
Brigadier-General.
ENNETT, ALPHEUS CROSBY, of Conway, X. H., was born
in Madison, in that State, July 27, 1859, the son of William
Kennett and Sarah Eastman Russell. He was educated in
the Madison public schools and the New Hampton Insti-
tute, and at the age of seventeen left the farm on which lie had spent his
boyhood and became a telegraph operator for the Eastern Railroad.
In politics Mr. Kennett is an ardent Republican. He was elected a
Representative to the New Hampshire Legislature in 1895 and 189G
and State Senator in 1897 and 1898, and was a member of Governor
Kamsdell's staff witli the rank of Colonel.
Colonel Konnett was married April 13, 1882, to Carrie B. Gerrish, of
South Berwick, Me., who died October 1 of the same year. October 31,
1888. he married Lora Ferren, of Madison, N. II., and has one son,
Frank Edison Kennett, born October 22, 1897.
OLLINS, FRANK WEST, Governor of New Hampshire in
1898-99, descends from a family that has been prominent in
that State for more than two centuries, his father serving as
a member of the National House of Representatives, the
United States Senate, and the National Republican Committee. A son
of Edward Henry Rollins and Ellen West, he was born February 24,
426 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
1800, in Concord, N. H., where he received his early education in the
public schools, and where lie still resides. He also pursued his studies
under Moses Woolson and was graduated from the Massachusetts In-
stitute of Technology at Boston in 1881.
Mr. Rollins read law with John Y. Mugridge, of Concord, and at the
Harvard Law School, Avas admitted to the bar in August, 1882, and
afkr practicing his profession for a year entered the banking house of
E. H Rollins & Sons, of which lie became Vice-President after its incor-
poration. He took charge of the Boston office, but retained his resi-
dence in Concord, N. H. For a number of years Mr. Rollins has been a
prominent factor in the Republican party of his State. He was elected
to the New Hampshire Senate in 1895 and was chosen President of that
body. In 1898 he became Governor of the State, succeeding Governor
George A. Ramsdell. In the National Guard of New Hampshire he
rose from private to Assistant Adjutant-General with rank of Lieuten-
ant-Colonel.
He has served as a trustee of St. Mary's School for Girls, is an attend-
ant of the Episcopal Church, and has written much for the press, in-
cluding The. Rhifj in the Cliff, Break 0' Da)/ Talcs, Tin- /,(/</// of //,,
Violets, The Tiriii llnxxttrs, and a number of shorter stories and maga-
zine articles. Dartmouth College conferred upon him the degree of
Master of Arts in 1893. In 1890 he made the address for the New
England delegation which went to Canton, Ohio, to visit William Mc-
Kinley. He is an able speaker and writer, a man of sound judgment
and advanced views, and in every capacity has displayed qualities and
abilities of the highest order.
HITING, WILLIAM, President of the Whiting Paper Com
pauy, of Holyoke. Mass., and formerly member of Congress,
is the eldest of eleven children of William B. and Elizabeth
Whiting, and a member of the family founded in Lynn,
Mass., in 1636, by Rev. John Whiting, whose pastorate of the church
there continued until his death in 1679, at the age of eighty -two, and
whose grandfather, John Whiting, was a member of the Common Coun-
cil of Boston. England, in 1590, and Mayor in 1600 and 1608.
William Whiting was born in Dudley, Mass., May 24, 1841, and at an
early age began to earn his own support. His ambition first inclined
toward the law, but in May, 1858, he became a bookkeeper for the
Holyoke Paper Company and three years later was a salesman and still
later a commercial traveler in the paper trade. In 1865 he resigned his
position with this company, purchased and converted a mill into a fine
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 427
writing- paper manufactory, and began business on his own account.
This was the beginning of the Whiting Paper Company, of which Mr.
Whiting is President and General Manager, and which operates two
large mills, is capitalized at |300,000, and has a pay-roll of $180,000
per year. Mr. Whiting is also Manager of the Collins Manufacturing
Company, capitalized at $300,000 and making seven tons of paper
daily; President of the Whitmore Manufacturing Company, of Holyoke,
lithographic paper manufacturers; President of the National Blank
Book Company, of Holyoke; a director of the Chapin Banking and
Trust Company, of Springfield, and of the Holyoke Warp Company;
one of the Finance Committee of the Holyoke Savings Bank; a trustee
of the Washington Trust Company of New York; and a director of the
Boston and Maine Railroad. He lias also been Vice-President of the
Holyoke and Westfield Railroad, is now President of the Connecticut
River Railroad, and was the organizer of the Holyoke National Bank
in 1872, of which lie was President until 1891, when he resigned.
In politics Mr. Whiting has always acted Avith the Republican party.
He was elected to the Massachusetts Senate in 1873, was City Treasurer
of Holyoke in 1876 and 1877, was Mayor of the city of Holyoke in 1878
and 1879, and in 187G served as a delegate to the Republican National
Convention which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for President. From
1883 to 1889 he served with conspicuous ability in the Forty-eighth,
Forty-ninth, and Fiftieth Congresses, being especially prominent on the
Committee on Banking and Currency, and also on those on Pensions,
Bounties and Back Pay, and Education. At the close of his third term
he declined a re-election. He was faithful to every public duty, dis-
played rare penetration and sound judgment, and won his way to a
position of great influence among his associates in the House. " It is
this businesslike way," said the Holyoke Tnniscrint, "that has made
him conspicuous in the minds of so many as a candidate for guber-
natorial honor, and to that exalted station we hope to see him elevated."
Mr. Whiting was one of the organizers of the Holyoke Board of
Trade and its President until 1892, when he declined another re-elec-
tion; became an honorary graduate of Amherst College in 1877; is
President of the Holyoke Public Library; is a trustee of Mount Holyoke
College and a member of the Masonic fraternity; and in 1877 erected
on Dwight street, Holyoke, an opera house and hotel at a cost of f200,-
000. In 1896 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention
at St. Louis which nominated Mr. McKinley for the Presidency. On
this occasion the Paper World said :
" His interest in the city of Holyoke has been broad and generous;
none of her citizens have given more liberally of their best thought and
effort for the upbuilding and credit of the municipality. He was once
428 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
mayor of the city, and at the present time is serving as chairman of the
commission to revise the city charter."
June 19, 1862, Mr. Whiting married Anna Maria, daughter of Luther
M. Fairfield, of Holyoke, Mass. They have two sons : William F., born
July 20, 1864, who married Annie B. Chapiu, of Holyoke; and S. Ray-
nor, born January 20, 1867.
HILDS, EDWIN OTIS, of Newton, Mass., Register of Deeds
of Middlesex County, is one of the most popular and ef-
ficient of the public officers of his section. Although born
in Milledgeville, Ga., September 29, 1847, he is of sturdy
New England stock, tracing his ancestry back in one line to John
I lowland, one of the Mayflower passengers. His parents were Otis and
Abigail (Holman) Childs. His grandparents on his father's side were
Joshua and Susan King. His great-grandfather, Reuben Childs, was
a Revolutionary soldier who fought at Bunker Hill and later at Ticon-
deroga. Otis Childs was born in Springfield, Mass., March 19, 1811,
commenced business in Utica, N. Y., moved to Milledgeville, Ga., in
1833, and thence in 1857 to Springfield, Mass., where he lived until
1872, when he moved to Newton, Mass., where he now resides.
Edwin O. Childs received his education in the public schools of
Springfield, at Phillips Academy at Andover, and at Williams College,
from which he was graduated in the class of 1871. He moved to New-
ton January 1, 1870, and in January, 1874, was appointed Assistant
City Clerk and Treasurer, serving as such until January, 1876, when he
was elected City Clerk, which position he held until he resigned April
1. 1883. For six years lie was Court Officer of Middlesex County, re-
ceiving his appointment in 1891, and January 2, 1897. lie was appointed
by the Commissioners of Middlesex County Register of Deeds to fill
the vacancy caused by the death of Charles B. Stevens. In October.
1897, he was nominated by both political parties and the following
month was elected for three years. Mr. Childs has greatly improved
the service of this most important office by systematizing the details,
and is in full charge of the new registry building at East Cambridge,
which was built especially to enlarge and improve the facilities for
searching records and for the transaction of Probate Court business.
His long term of public service has made him widely acquainted with
the bar of Suffolk and Middlesex Counties, by whom he is highly es-
teemed.
Mr. Childs is a Republican in politics, being a member of the Newton
Republican Ward and City Committee and of the Republican Club of
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
429
"Newton and the Middlesex Club of Boston. He served as a member
of the Board of Aldermen of Newton in 1888 and 1889, declining a
nomination for the third term. lie was for two years a member of the
Newton Board of Assessors. He belongs to the Masonic and Odd Fel-
lows fraternities, being a member of Adoniram Council, R. and S. M.,
EDWIN O. CHILDS
and of Boston Commandery, K. T. For many years he was a member
of VVaban Lodge, I. O. O. F., and was one of the charter members of
Newton Lodge, No. 92. Mr. Childs was one of the charter members of
the Claflin Guards, a local company which subsequently became a part
of the First Regiment M. V. M. and afterward of the Fifth Regiment,
430 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
now (1899) in service. He is Secretary of the Claflin Guards Veteran
Association.
He was married July 25, 1874, to Caroline A., daughter of Edwin
Chaflia, one of the old residents of Newton. Mr. and Mrs. Childs re-
side at Newton, their family consisting of a son and two daughters:
Edwin Otis, Jr., Mary C., and Caroline H. His son is in the Harvard
Law School and the daughters are at Smith College in Northampton,
Mass.
LODGETT, WILLIAM WENTWORTH, for twenty-six years
Judge of Probate and one of the oldest and foremost law-
yers of Pawtucket, R. I., Avas born in Randolph, Vt., on the
8th of July, 1824. He was graduated from the University
of Vermont in 1847 and subsequently became a resident of Massachu-
setts, where he took an active interest in party affairs, serving as a
member of the House of Representatives in 1858, 1859, and I860.
Soon afterward he removed to Rhode Island and in March, 1862,
became the first State Senator from the newly organized town of Paw-
tucket. Here he continued to take a deep and active interest in politi-
cal affairs and at the same time achieved distinction as a lawyer and
advocate. He displayed unusual legal qualifications, great strength of
character, and broad and accurate learning, and both professionally
and privately gained a high reputation. He served with conspicuous
ability as a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives in
1863, 1864, 1865, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1882, 1883, 1884, and 1885, from
May, 1886, to May, 1889, and from May, 1893, to May, 1897. In May,
1898, he again became a member of the House, and in point of service
is believed to be its oldest member. For a period of twenty-six years
he has also served as Judge of the Probate Court at Pawtucket. He has
been a Rhode Island Bank Commissioner, and while in Massachusetts
was a Commissioner of Insolvency. He is a staunch Republican, and
one of the acknowledged leaders of the party in Pawtucket and
vicinity.
OLE, SAMUEL, of Beverly, Mass., was born in Rutland, Vt.,
December 15, 1856, and received his education in the public
schools. He is successfully engaged in business as a market
gardener in Beverly, where he served on the School Com-
mittee from 1882 to 1894 inclusive and as President of the Common
Council in 1895 and 1896.
Mr. Cole's prominence and activity in political affairs are indicated
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 431
by his service as Secretary of the Republican City Committee of Beverly
during a period of seven years. He was a member of the Massachusetts
Legislature from the Nineteenth Essex District in 1897 and 1898, serv-
ing both years on the Committee on Cities and also in 1898 as a member
of the Committee on Engrossed Bills. In 1899 he again served in the
House of Representatives, being an active member of the important
Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. Cole has filled the office of
President of the Beverly Board of Trade, and is a member of the Ma-
sonic and Odd Fellows fraternities, the Royal Arcanum, and the Ameri-
can Mechanics. He is also a director of savings and co-operative banks,
and has filled every position with signal ability and honor, winning for
himself the confidence and esteem of the entire communitv.
IMPKINS, JOHN, was born in New Bedford, Mass., June 27,
1862, but: received his education in the public schools of
Yarmouth, Mass., where he resided until his death; at St.
Mark's School in Southboro; and at Harvard College, from
which lie was graduated in 1885. He early developed an aptitude for
politics, and as a Republican became an able party leader and public .
officer.
Mr. Simpkins was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1890 and
1891, a Presidential Elector for Harrison and Reid in 1892. President of
the Republican Club of Massachusetts in 1892 and 1893, and a member
of the Massachusetts Republican State Committee in 1892, 1893, and
1894. He was elected to the Fifty-fourth and Fifty-fifth Congresses
from the Thirteenth Massachusetts Congressional District, and died in
Washington, D. C., while serving in that position, on the 26th of March,
1898. His record was a most brilliant and honorable one, and brought
him into wide prominence as a man of marked ability.
AIGE, CALVIN DE WITT, one of the leading business men of
Southbridge, Mass., and an ex-member of the Legislature,
was born in that town May 20, 1848, and is a son of Calvin
A. and Mercy (Dresser) Paige. His great-great-grandfather,
Timothy Paige, was a lineal descendant of Elder Brewster of Ply-
mouth, and was born in Hardwick, Mass., in 1767. His great-great-
grandmother, Mary Robinson, was a lineal descendant of Governor
Thomas Dudley, and was born in Hardwick in 1758. Timothy Paige
served in the Revolutionary period as Captain of a militia company,
432
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
which he led to Bennington in August, 1777, and to West Point in 1780;
he also served in many town offices. His great-grandfather, the second
Timothy, was a member of the company of minutemen who marched
to Cambridge upon the Lexington alarm and served for several short
periods during the Revolution. He was a conspicuous man in public-
affairs, holding Justice Courts and many town offices, and at his death,
October 20, 1821, the New But/land Palhullnm described him as one of
the oldest members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, an
indefatigable patriot, and an intelligent man; he was a member of the
Legislature seventeen years successively from 1805 to 1821, and a dele-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 433
gate to the Constitutional Convention in 1820. Calvin D. Paige's grand-
father, Timothy Paige, Jr., was a lawyer of good standing in the pro-
fession and of much literary taste; he was the first Town Clerk of
Southbridge and won an enviable repute as a poet. Calvin A. Paige,
father of Calvin D., is and has been for many years a prominent figure
in Southbridge and in the southern part of Worcester County, and an
earnest and influential citizen in promoting town enterprises and im-
provements and uniformly advocating whatever tended to those re-
sults. His worth in this respect is so generally conceded that party
politics rarely defeat him for public office, although he is a staunch
Republican, and has for many years filled many offices and discharged
the duties in a competent and able manner.
Calvin De Witt Paige was educated in the public schools of his native
town, and the sterling ability which has characterized his business
career began to develop itself at an early age. When twenty years old
he was appointed Superintendent of the Dresser Manufacturing Com-
pany, creditably filling that responsible position for four years, and in
1872 he formed a partnership with Frederick Crosby, under the firm
name of Paige & Crosby, for the purpose of engaging in general mer-
cantile business in the old Columbian Block. In the following year
they leased one of the spacious stores in the then newly completed C. A.
Dresser Block, where ample facilities were offered for expanding
their business. Mr. Paige continued a member of the firm until 1876,
when he sold his interest in order to give his attention to other enter-
prises with which he had connected himself. During this same year he
purchased the stock of Edwards & Company and in 1881 his brother,
Frank S. Paige, became associated with him under the style of C. D.
Paige & Co. In 1881 he formed a partnership with C. V. Carpenter in
the dry goods and carpet business under the name of Carpenter & Co.,
and in 1890 the two concerns were consolidated and incorporated as the
Paige-Carpenter Company, with C. D. Paige as President. This con-
cern, which is the largest of its kind in this part of the country, is estab-
lished upon a sound basis, and carries on a large and profitable busi-
ness. Mr. Paige is officially connected with various financial, indus-
trial, and public improvement enterprises, being a director of the
Southbridge National Bank; President, a trustee, and a member of the
Board of Investment of the Southbridge Savings Bank; President of
the Southbridge and Sturbridge Street Railway Company, in the build-
ing of which he was one of the prime movers; President of the South-
bridge Water Supply Company; a director and auditor of the Central
Mills Company and of the Southbridge Gas and Electric Light Com-
pany, having been instrumental in consolidating the two lighting en-
terprises and serving as the first Treasurer; a trustee of the Nichols
4:34 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Academy, Dudley, Mass.; and has been President of the Southbridge
Board of Trade. He has been and is now interested in several real
estate enterprises, having erected a number of dwelling houses, and,
in company with F. L. Chapin, has built quite extensively on Elm and
Chapin Streets, and has recently built and opened Fairview Park, in
Sturbridge, a reserve of ten acres on the line of the street railway,
which is an attractive and popular resort. Fairview Farm of twenty-
six acres, and sixty acres of the Brooks estate, located opposite the
park, are recent purchases of theirs.
October 18, 1873, Mr. Paige was united iu marriage with Ida F.
Edwards, daughter of the late John and Mary E. (Irwin) Edwards,
and to this union were born two children : Mary D., born in 1874, and
John Edwards, born in 1879. Mary D. Paige was prepared for college
at Mrs. Hayes's School in Boston, entered Vassar in 1893, and died in
1895, previous to graduating. John Edwards Paige pursued his pre-
paratory course at Hopkinson's School, Boston, and is now a student
at Harvard University, class of 1901.
In politics Mr. Paige is a Republican, and during the session of the
Legislature in 1878 he served upon the Committee on Taxation, being
considered an authority on that important question. For a number of
years he was Chairman of the Republican Town Committee, and has
been a member of the County Committee and Chairman of the Wor-
cester Third Senatorial District Committee. He was first called upon
to serve on the Republican State Central Committee in 1884 and was its
Assistant Secretary in 1885 and 1886, was again elected in 1894, ana
in 1898 became Chairman of the Committee on Finance. He has been
a candidate for the State Senate, and has a wide acquaintance througn-
out the State. In 1884 he was chosen a delegate to the National Con-
vention which nominated James G. Blaine for the Presidency, and is
proud of the fact that he cast two votes in succession for that eminent
man. Mr. Paige is a member of the Home Market Club of Boston. In
his religious belief he is a Baptist. As a progressive and public-spirited
citizen he merits and receives the esteem and admiration of his fellow-
townsmen, all of whom have directly or indirectly profited by his en-
terprise and good judgment.
REENE, CHARLES ,1., of Richmond, R. I., was born in South
Kingstown, in that State, December 16, 1848, and received
his education in the public schools of his native town and at
East Greenwich Academy. He taught in the public schools
of Richmond and South Kingstown, and has been engaged in farming.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 435
A Republican in politics, Mr. Greene has been for many years a prom-
inent factor in public affairs. He was a member of the Board of Asses-
sors in 1880, 1881, and 1883; one of the Board of Managers of the Rhode
Island College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts from its organization
in July, 1888. to July, 1897, serving as Clerk and Auditor the greater
part of the time; and Superintendent of Public Schools from 1881 to
1886, from 1888 to 1893, and since 1894. He has been a member of the
School Committee since 1877, has served as Town Treasurer, and has
been a member of the Board of Directors of the National Landowners
Bank since 1881 and one of the Board of Trustees of the Kingston
Savings Bank since 1889. Mr. Greene was a Representative to the
Rhode Island Legislature from 1881 to 1884, a member of the State
Senate from 1884 to 1891, a Representative again in 1896-98, and State
Senator since May, 1898. In all these various capacities he has dis-
played eminent ability, sound judgment, and great executive sagacity,
and by enterprise and integrity has gained a wide and honorable repu-
tation.
ROWNE, THOMAS R., of Foster, R. L, was born in that town
August 13, 1838. He received his education in the public-
schools of Danielson, Conn., and in 1856 moved to Provi-
dence, R. L, where he was successfully engaged in the hard-
ware business until 1885.
Mr. Drowne then returned to the old homestead in the town of
Foster, where he has served as a member of the School Committee and,
from 1895 to 1897, as a member of the Town Council. Since May, 1897,
he has been State Senator from his district. He is a prominent Repub-
lican, a man of marked ability and great integrity, and a public spirited,
enterprising citizen.
ABCOCK, ALBERT S., was born November 14, 1851, in the
town of Hopkinton, R. L, where he still resides. He was
educated at the Hopkinton Academy, and early in his
career became actively interested in politics, affiliating with
the Republican party. On June 1, 1874, he entered upon his duties as
Postmaster at Rockville, R. I., and continued in that capacity until
June 1, 1893, by successive re-appointments. He has been a member of
the Rhode Island Senate since 1893. His work as State Senator has
brought him into wide prominence.
436 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
BAD, WALTER ALLEN, is one of the prominent men in
Rhode Island who has devoted effective service to the Re-
publican party, and who is now serving as General Treas-
urer, having been elected to that office at the State election
in November, 1898. He was born in Blackstone, Mass., July 6, 1842,
and is a sou of Thomas Jenks and Sarah (Burton) Read. The Read
family is of English origin, and a member emigrated to America in
1660, settling in Plymouth, Mass. Oliver Read, great-grandfather of
Walter A., settled in Mendon, Mass., about 1740. His son, Ahab Read,
was a Baptist clergyman, and was stationed in various places in Massa-
chusetts and Rhode Island. The father of Walter A. Read lived in
Blackstone until 1849, when, with others, in that eventful year, he
went to California, where he died in 1852. His family removed to
Glocester, R. I.
Walter A. Read was educated in the public schools of Glocester
and engaged in business there after he returned from the army in 1865.
In 1866 he was appointed Port Master of Chepachet, R. I., which office
he held until 1885. He was appointed one of the Commissioners of the
State Board of Soldiers' Relief and served on that commission from
1885 to 1890, and as agent of the Board until 1895. He became a
member of the Board of State Charities and Corrections in June, 1892,
and is still in service. He was elected State Senator from Glocester
in 1889 and held that office until 1898, except the year 1893. In 1898
he was elected General Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Rhode Is-
land and is now administering the duties of that office.
This, briefly stated, is the record of his public service, but it is perti-
nent to add some of the details which converted a strong Democratic
town into a Republican stronghold. Up to the year 1876 the town
of Glocester had always cast practically the entire vote of about 700
for the Democratic ticket. That year Mr. Read organized his party
there and polled thirty-six votes. For thirteen years he was a can-
didate for office and in 1889 was elected to the State Senate by a
majority of one vote. The following year he was elected by two votes,
the next year by four votes, and the fourth year by nineteen votes.
Since then the party represented by Mr. Read has polled about two-
thirds of the vote of the town. This fairly illustrates what can be
accomplished by thorough organization led by a man of executive
force and superior ability. While in the Senate Mr. Read served for
two years on the Finance Committee and the balance of the time on
the Committee on Judiciary. He has been a delegate to most of the
State conventions and for years has served on the State Central Com-
mittee. He is now a member of the executive and auditing commit-
tees of that body and chairman of the Second Congressional District
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 437
Committee. In 1896 be was a delegate to the St. Louis Convention
which nominated Major McKinley for President. Mr. Head is a direct-
or of the Providence and Springfield Railroad Company, and has other
important business interests. He is a member of Friendship Lodge,
No. 7, A. F. and A. M., serving as Worshipful Master in 1888 and 1889,
and is a member of the Providence Central Club.
Mr. Read has a gallant record as a soldier during the Civil War.
He enlisted as a private in Company D, Fourth Rhode Island Volunteer
Infantry, August 17, 1861, and was promoted to Second Lieutenant
October 2, 1861, to First Lieutenant November 20, 1861, and to Captain
August 2, 1862. He served under General Burnside in North Carolina,
with General McClellan in the campaigns of Virginia and Maryland,
with General Butler and the Army of the James, and with General
Grant in the operations before Richmond and Petersburg. He was
senior captain in command of his regiment from August 4, 1864, until
mustered out at Providence, October 15, 1864. He is Past Commander
of Charles E. Guild Post, G. A. R., serving from 1891 to 1898, and has
been Junior Vice Department Commander of Rhode Island G. A. R.
since January, 1898.
He was married in Rockville, Conn., September 19, 1866, to Charlotte
Owen, of Glocester, R. I. They have a daughter, Maud L., born March
9, 1874.
ASTON, FREDERIC W., of Pawtucket, R. I., is a native of
that State, having been born in Providence on the 17th of
October, 1852. He received his education in the Providence
public schools and at Mowry & Goff's English and Classical
High School in that city, and is engaged in the manufacture of textile
machinery.
Mr. Easton has been for many years a prominent leader of the Repub-
lican forces in Pawtucket, having served as a member of the Town
Council in 1883 and as a Sewer Commissioner from 1885 to 1892. He
was a Representative to the Rhode Island Legislature from May, 1891,
to May, 1892, and has served in the State Senate from May, 1892, to
May. 1893, from May, 1894, to May, 1897, and since May, 1898.
ROWN, BENJAMIN, was born December 19, 1826, in Warren,
R. I., where he still resides and where he is engaged in busi-
ness as a teamer. There he received a public school educa-
tion. He has served as Assessor of Taxes, as Commissioner
of Highways, and as a member of the School Committee of his native
438
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
town, and is now (1899) Commissioner of Shell Fisheries. Mr. Drown
was a member of the Rhode Island Senate from November, 1882, to
Ma}-, 1887, and has served in the same capacity since May, 1890. As a
Republican he has long been prominent in public affairs, and has
filled every position with great credit and acknowledged ability.
RYE, WILLIAM PIERCE, LL.D., United States Senator, was
born September 2, 1831, in Lewiston, Me., where he still
resides. His father, Colonel John M. Frye, was one of the
early settlers and, until his death, one of the most promi-
nent citizens of Lewiston, and largely instrumental in developing its
cotton and other manufacturing industries. His paternal grandfather,
General Joseph Frye, was a
Colonel in the English army
and subsequently a General
in the Continental army dur-
ing the Revolutionary War,
and received for his military
services a grant of the town
afterward known as Frye-
burg, in Maine.
Senator Frye attended the
Lewiston public schools and
was graduated from Bow-
doin College in the class of
1850, being then but nine-
teen years old. He studied
law with Hon. William Pitt
Fessenden, of Portland, and
after his admission to the bar
in 1853 began active practice
in Rockland, Me., whence he
soon removed to his native
town, Lewiston, and formed
a copartnership with Thomas
A. D. Fessenden, which con-
tinued until the latter's
death. Mr. Frye then asso-
ciated himself with John B. Cotton, Assistant Attorney-General of the
United States under President Harrison, and later his son-in-law,
Wallace H. White, became a member of the firm under the style of
WILLIAM P. FRYE.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 439
Frye, Cotton & White. The head of this well-known law firm, which
was largely connected with the affairs of the cotton manufacturing
corporations of Lewiston, early gained a wide reputation as an ad-
vocate of pronounced ability, and their business was one of the most
extensive and important in the State. His logical mind, his quick per-
ceptions, the rapidity and accuracy with which he absorbed the facts of
a case, and the promptness he displayed in meeting every new phase of
its development soon placed him among the foremost members of the
Maine bar and won for him the acknowledged leadership. He ex-
celled especially in the examination of witnesses, while his eloquence
always attracted and held the attention of his listeners. The Supreme
Court room of Androscoggin County was the arena of many a famous
trial in which Mr. Frye figured as counsel, and his forensic efforts are
still remembered and cherished as substantial monuments in the legal
history of the Pine Tree State.
In 1867 Mr. Frye's abilities and standing as a lawyer were recognized
by his election to the office of Attorney-General of Maine, which he held
for three years. During this period he conducted several trials for
capital offenses which are celebrated in criminal annals, and which
magnified his already well established reputation. This period also
served to introduce him into the active public life in which he has
achieved National honors and distinction. He was elected a Repre-
sentative from Lewiston to the Maine Legislature in 1861, 1862, and
1867, served as a Presidential Elector in 1864, and was chosen Mayor
of Lewiston in 1866 and again in 1867 — thus holding, at one
time, no less than three elective public offices. His prominence
as an able and trustworthy leader of the Republican party, which
he joined at its organization in 1856, extended throughout the
State, and continued to increase in power until, in 1872, he was elected
a member of the National Republican Committee, to which he was re-
elected in 1876 and in 1880. He was a delegate to the National Re-
publican Conventions of those years, and in 1881 was elected Chairman
of the State Republican Committee to succeed Hon. James G. Elaine.
Mr. Frye was elected to the Forty-second Congress from Maine in
1871, and continued, by successive re-elections, to hold his seat in that
body until 1879, when he Avas elected United States Senator to fill the
vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Elaine, who had been ap-
pointed Secretary of State. Senator Frye was re-elected to the Senate
in 1883, 1889, and 1895, his present term expiring March 3, 1901.
While in the House Mr. Frye was Chairman of the Library and Ex-
ecutive Committees, a member of the Committees on Ways and Means
and the Judiciary, and his election as Speaker of the House of the Forty-
seventh Congress seemed practically certain had he not resigned to take
440 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
his seat in the Senate. He gained distinction as an able and prominent
debater, especially on political questions, for he was a zealous partisan
and ever a sturdy champion of Republican principles. In the discus-
sions of all important National questions, in the formation and enact-
ment of laws, and in committee work and on the floor he took a leading
part. He was a member of the Congressional committee Avhich was
sent to New Orleans to investigate the State election of Louisiana in
1874, and to bring about a compromise between the discordant factions,
which the committee accomplished. In the distribution of the Geneva
award Mr. Frye espoused the cause of the actual losers, conducted the
contest in the House through four Congresses and in the Senate
through one, and had the honor of seeing the bill as originally intro-
duced by him become a la>v and the entire fund distributed according
to the terms of that bill.
In the Senate Mr. Frye has constantly enlarged both his powers and
his reputation. At the first reorganization of the Senate committees
after he took his seat in that exalted body he was given his choice be-
tween the chairmanships of those on Foreign Relations and Commerce.
He selected the latter, believing he could accomplish better results and
greater success, and the selection proved to be a very wise one. He has
remained Chairman of the Senate Committee on Commerce, has also
been Chairman of the Special Committee on Pacific Railroads, and has
served most efficiently as a member of the Committees on Foreign Rela-
tions and Privileges and Elections. In February, 1896, he was unani-
mously elected President pro tcmpore of the Senate and still holds that
position.
Senator Frye took a leading part in all matters touching our fishing
relations with Canada, and it was largely due to his efforts that the at-
tention of the United States was called to the condition of Samoan
affairs and a settlement of the complications in that country effected.
He also introduced the bills providing for a Congress of American
Nations and a Maritime Congress and had charge of them until they
became laws, and as Chairman of the Commerce Committee has had
charge of all matters and legislation relating to the general commerce
of the country. He never fails to secure the passage by the Senate of
such measures as he advocates and supports.
Besides being closely identified with most of the important legisla-
tion of Congress during the last quarter of a century, Senator Frye has
been for over thirty years a leading and influential platform speaker
in every political campaign and in nearly every northern State,
and on the stump as well as in Congress his speeches are remarkable
for their eloquence, directness, and power of conviction. He was
from the first an earnest advocate of the war with Spain and also an
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 441
expansionist, and in September, 1898, was an important member of the
United States Peace Commission at Paris to treat with the Spanish
government. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from
Bates College in July, 1881, and also from Bowdoin College in 1889.
In June, 1880, he was elected a trustee of the latter institution. Senator
Frye is a lover of art and of all that is beautiful in nature, fond of out-
door sports, especially of fishing, a man of unquestioned integrity and
honor, of pronounced temperance views, and a loyal friend and patri-
otic citizen.
In February, 1853, he married Caroline Frances Spear, of Rockland,
Mr., and they have two children living, namely: Helen, wife of Hon.
Wallace H. White, of Lewiston, Me., and Alice, wife of Frank U. Briggs,
of Auburn, Me.
AWES, HENRY LAURENS, of Pittsfield. Mass., one of the
founders and most conspicuous leaders of the Republican
party, is descended, as near as can be ascertained, from
William Dawes, who came from Sudbury, England, in the
ship Planter, in April, 1635, and settled in Braintree and afterward in
Boston. His line is traced through Samuel Dawes, Sr., of Pembroke
and later of East Bridgewater, Mass.; Samuel Dawes, Jr., of Hampshire
County; and Mitchell Dawes, who married Mary Burgess.
Mr. Dawes was born in Cummington, Hampshire County, Mass., Oc-
tober 30, 1816, received a common and preparatory school education,
and was graduated from Yale College in 1839. During the next two
years he taught jjublic schools. Afterward he engaged in journalism,
becoming editor of the Greenfield Gazette and later managing editor
of the Adams Transcript. He read law with Wells & Davis, of Green-
field, Mass., was admitted to the bar in 1842, began active practice at
North Adams in his native State, and soon came into prominence as a
lawyer and advocate of acknowledged ability. In 1864 he removed to
Pittsfield, where he has since resided. While residing in North Adams
he was sent to the General Court in 1848, 1849, and 1852, and to the
Senate in 1850. He was a Whig in politics while that party existed,
and in 1852 was a delegate to the last National Whig Convention, which
nominated General Scott for President. Afterward he became a Re-
publican, and twice presided over the State conventions of his party
and was twice chairman of the committee that drafted its platforms.
In 1853 Mr. Dawes was a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional
Convention. From 1853 to 1857 he was District Attorney for the West-
ern District of the Commonwealth. In 1857 he was elected to Congress
as a Republican, and by subsequent elections he served in the Thirty-
442 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
fifth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, For-
tieth, Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses. During
the last two Congresses he served as Chairman of the Committee on
Ways and Means and was leader of the House.
Mr. Dawes made numerous speeches during his long term of office,
and his work on committees Avas received with high appreciation among
his associates. He declined to become a candidate for election to the
Forty-fourth Congress, and was elected to the United States Senate ap
a Republican to succeed Hon. Charles Sumner, whose unexpired term
had been filled by Hon. William B. Washburn. Mr. Dawes took his
seat March 4, 1875, and was re-elected in 1881 and again in 1887, and
declined another re-election. His last term expired March 3, 1893. His
entire term of service at Washington covered more than a third of a
century. The Boston Herald, at the close of Mr. Dawes's last term, gave
an exhaustive review of his work in both branches of Congress, and
said :
" Thirty-six years of continuous service in Congress, a length of un-
interrupted legislative work unequaled by that of any other living
American, thirty-six years in the service of his country and of his State,
and that is the remarkable record of Senator Henry Laurens Dawes,
of Massachusetts, which closed at noon to-day. No such length of Con-
gressional life would be possible to any man unless his service had been
eminent, his influence great, his place a leading man. Mr. Dawes has
been one of the great leaders of the Republican party. If his party is
decadent it is because his leadership lias been set aside for that of
others, who may have led more boldly, but not with as much wisdom
and moderation.
" Mr. Dawes in all this time has never been in the minority. When
he left the House for the Senate the House ceased to be Republican.
Now that he goes out of the Senate that body passes also into the con-
trol of the opposition. It is a striking coincidence. Thirty-six years of
national life and growth, — what notable things have happened to the
nation since Mr. Dawes entered the House of Representatives in 1857.
. . . He has been almost the only constant and tireless friend of
the Indians in either House of Congress. He has always denounced the
rapacity of men who coveted their land or their funds; while under his
wise direction the instrumentalities of their education have grown up,
and the progress from barbarism to civilization made in the last eight-
een years by the Indians within the territory of the United States has
been almost wholy due to him. He has had to encounter the cupidity
of the evil minded and the folly of the philanthropic. It is hard to say
which at times has been the greater menace to the welfare of the In-
dians.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 443
" Mr. Dawes's service to the political faith which he holds dear has
been very great indeed. His speeches are without ornament, without
attempt at eloquence or wit, or the arts which amuse or entertain an
audience. But he has been a great vote-making speaker. He has not
gathered so many great audiences as others, but scarcely any man of
late years has addressed a Massachusetts audience and sent away so
many persons, who came doubters, confirmed in the Kepublican faith
as he. His long career in the public service has been alike honorable
to him and to the people he has served. Their constant support has
shown that they know how to value fidelity, modesty, integrity, and
\visdom. He has been content to live with his household in simple and
frugal fashion amid the growing wealth and splendor of the capital of a
great nation. His official action has tended to make or unmake many
industries; great fortunes have depended upon it. He has affected the
value of millions and millions; and yet he retired from office with un-
stained hands, without fortune, and without a spot upon his integrity.
Such qualities as his are not those for which the people of Massachu-
setts manifest their regard by shouting, or the clapping of hands, or the
stamping of feet, in the public meetings. He has had no following of
ambitious politicians, who seek to repay each other for political benefits
at the public expense. But he has a place second to none in the solid
and enduring esteem of the people of the Commonwealth. In every
Massachusetts factory there has been at least one man who has been
accustomed to depend upon Mr. Dawes to see that his interests were
cared for in the national legislation. ... He will leave the Senate
without an enemy, with the respect of all his associates of both parties
by the people of the State where he was born and which he has so long
and faithfully served."
Mr. Dawes, in speaking of his Congressional career, once said :
" There are some things that I should like to be remembered for in
Washington. One is that I moved the first proposition for the Fish
Commission. It began with $5,000, and it is now a quarter of a million.
I moved the first proposition for the Weather Bureau; the first appro-
priation was fl 5,000. It is now more than a million. < Old Prob ' used
to call me the Father of the Weather Bureau, and Professor Baird used
to say the same about the Fish Commission. I caused the first appro-
priation to be made to fill up the old canal here in Washington; and the
first appropriation for the completion of the Washington Monument
was reported when I was Chairman of the Senate Committee on Public
Buildings and Grounds."
In the Senate Mr. Dawes was also Chairman of the Committees on
Ways and Means, Elections, Appropriations, and Indian Affairs, and
444 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
on his retirement was appointed by President Cleveland Chairman of
the Commission to treat with the five civilized tribes of Indians for a
surrender of their tribal government and tribal property, and this
position he still holds. While in Congress he was twice offered a seat
on the bench of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, and for
several years he has been a director of the College for Deaf Mutes at
Kendall Green.
May 1, 1848, Senator Dawes married Electa A., daughter of Chester
Sanderson, of Ashfield, Mass., and they have three children living :
Anna Laurens, Chester Mitchell, and Henry Laurens, Jr.
ALBOT, THOMAS, twenty-seventh Governor of Massachu-
setts under the Constitution, was born in Cambridge, Wash-
ington County, N. Y., September 7, 1818. He was of Irish
descent, one of his paternal ancestors being Thomas Talbot,
first Earl of Shrewsbury. His father died Avhen he was six years old,
and soon afterward his mother moved to Northampton, Mass., where
he received his early education. At the age of twelve he entered the
employ of a manufactory. In 1835 he associated himself with his
brother, Charles Talbot, who had established a broadcloth factory at
Williamsburg, and of this he became superintendent in 1838.
During the intervals of his labors young Talbot attended school, and
by close observation acquired a wide and varied knowledge of the prac-
tical affairs of life. In 1840 he entered into partnership with his
brother in a factory at Billerica, Mass., which they enlarged from time
to time until they became prosperous and wealthy manufacturers on
a large scale.
Thomas Talbot was one of the first members of the Republican party
in 1856 and always a staunch supporter of its principles and candi-
dates. He was repeatedly elected to the Massachusetts Legislature, and
from 1864 to 1869 served as a member of the Governor's Council. In
1872 and 1873 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the Common-
wealth, and when Hon. William B. Washburn was sent to the United
States Senate in 1874 Mr. Talbot succeeded him in the gubernatorial
chair. Governor Talbot displayed a fearless and sturdy devotion to
duty, and was a friend of education and of what he believed to be right
and honorable. His refusal to sanction a bill passed by the Legislature
repealing the prohibitory law of Massachusetts, his approval of the
law making ten hours a legal day's wrork, and several other of his
official acts led to his defeat for the Governorship in 1874, but he car-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 445
ried with him into retirement the deep respect and confidence of the
better classes of the people, and when he stood again for the office of
Governor in 1878 he was elected by 15,000 majority. He served until
January 1, 1880.
Governor Talbot spent his last years in Billerica, where he took an
active interest in public affairs and local improvements. A devout
Christian, he was a generous contributor to all denominations, and by
industry, energy, and prudence achieved eminent success. He died in
Lowell, Mass., October 6, 1886.
HAMBERLAIN, DAVID BLAISDELL, one of the leading
members of the Boston Common Council, was born in Hing-
liam, Mass., September 22, 1862, the son of Kinsman S. and
Valentia L. Chamberlain. His father was a well known
cabinet maker, and on the paternal side he is descended from one of
three brothers who came over from England early in the seventeenth
century. The family has long been prominently identified with the
history of both the Colony and Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Mr. Chamberlain was educated in the public schools of Hingham, at
Adams Academy in Quiucy, Mass., and at Harvard University in Cam-
bridge, graduating from the latter institution with the degree of A.B.
in 1886. During the last six years he has been successfully engaged in
the fire insurance business in Boston.
An ardent and zealous Republican from the time he cast his initial
vote, Mr. Chamberlain has been actively identified with ward, city,
and State politics for the last five years. He seems to have been
born a leader, and his name stands for honest government and
for all that is pure, progressive, and wholesome in municipal
affairs. Few if any among the long list of young Republicans
have attained in such a brief period so great a degree of confidence
in the councils of the party or such acknowledged leadership among
its younger members. As a member of the Common Council from
Ward 12 of Boston in 1898 and 1899 he led the fights in that body, in
the latter year, against the " Board of Estimate and Apportionment,"
against the lavish expenditure of money for " free public baths " and
their management, and against the seven-year street lighting contract.
Mr. Chamberlain has made a very decided mark in political matters.
In a Democratic City Council he triumphantly carried several measures
of great importance to the citizens of Boston because he was able to con-
trol some of the strength of the Democrats, and because of his aggres-
siveness, ability, and excellent judgment. He is now (1899) publicly
446 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
recognized as the most aggressive and as one of the ablest members of
the Boston City Council, and the work he has already done indicates a
future of increased brilliancy and usefulness. He is a prominent Mason
and Odd Fellow, a public spirited citizen, and a man of unusual qualifi-
cations, of unswerving integrity, and of that patriotism which distin-
guishes his race.
ENNY, CHARLES ADDISON, was born March 4, 1836, in
Leicester, Mass.. where he now resides. His ancestors came
originally from Coombs, Sussex County, England, where
Robert Denny lived. From him the line descends through
three Edmunds to Thomas Denny, who was probably of the fifth genera-
tion from John Denny, a landowner in the Parish of Coombs in 1439.
Daniel Denny6, son of Thomas, arrived at Boston in September, 1715,
and in 1717 moved to Leicester, Mass., where his descendants have since
resided. His son, Samuel Denny, was Lieutenant-Colonel of a regiment
of minutemen who responded to the Lexington Alarm; in February,
1776, he was elected Colonel of the first regiment in Worcester County;
in November he was stationed with the Continental Army at Tarry-
town, N. Y.; in 1778 he was a Representative to the General Court and
a member of the convention called to ratify the United States Constitu-
tion. Samuel married Elizabeth Henshaw, a descendant of an old
Leicester family, and their youngest son, Joseph Denny8, married
Phoebe, daughter of Colonel William Henshaw. Their son, Joseph A.
Denny9, was a member of the clothing firm of Bisco & Denny, President
of the Leicester Bank, Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Trustees
of Leicester Academy, and a man of prominence and character. He
married Mary, daughter of Major Joel Davis, of Rutland, Mass., and
of their two children the subject of this article is the youngest.
Charles A. Denny was educated in the public schools of his native
town and at Leicester Academy, and in 1854 entered upon a three years'
apprenticeship in the card clothing business of Bisco & Denny. In 1857
he became a partner in the firm, and continued as such until the plant
was sold to the American Card Clothing Company, of Worcester, Mass.,
in 1890. He was one of the leaders in the organization of this company,
which was chartered in July of that year with a capital stock of f 1,300,-
000, and of which he was chosen and has remained President and
General Manager. As its executive head he has been eminently success-
ful, and is regarded as one of the abler business men in the Common-
wealth.
Mr. Denny lias always been an active supporter of the Republican
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 447
party, a strong believer in its principles, and an ardent champion of
every good movement. As a rule, however, he has avoided public office,
his extensive business interests demanding his entire attention. In 1875
he was elected Town Clerk of Leicester, a place his father had filled for
a quarter of a century. He has also served on the Leicester School
Board, is Treasurer and a trustee of Leicester Academy, and since 1879
has been President of the Leicester National Bank. In 1884 he was
elected to the Massachusetts Senate from the Third Worcester District,
and served as Chairman of the Committee on Prisons and as a member
of the Committee on Banks and Banking. He was especially influential
in the establishment of the reformatory at Concord. In 1885 he was
again a member of the State Senate, serving on the Committees on Rail-
roads, State Library, and Banks and Banking, and for five years he was
a valuable member of the State Board of Health, Lunacy, and Charity,
declining a re-appointment.
Mr. Denny is a director of the Merchants and Farmers Fire Insurance
Company, Vice-President of the Leicester Savings Bank and of the Mas-
sachusetts Home Missionary Society, and a leading member of the Con-
gregational Church. He has also been for several years a director and
member of the Finance Committee of the State Mutual Life Assurance
Company of Worcester.
October 30, 1861, Mr. Denny married Caroline, daughter of Josephus
W< odcock, of Leicester, Mass., and they have had four children : Alice,
who died in infancy; Walter Josephus, a graduate of the Worcester
Polytechnic School; Bertha; and George Addison, also a graduate of
the Polytechnic School at Worcester.
RMSTRONG, GEORGE ERNEST, of Boston, was most fortu-
nate, when a mere youth, in securing a situation with one of
the oldest and best known banking firms in America, where
he became thoroughly conversant with every detail of the
business. He was born in Boston, Mass.. September 27, 1857, and is
a son of William and Margaret (Harper) Armstrong. William Arm-
strong, who died in 1887, was for some time previous to his death en-
gaged in the leather business in Boston. George E. Armstrong was
educated in the Lyman Grammar and English High Schools in his
native city, and in March, 1873, at the age of sixteen, began in the
school of experience by entering the well-known banking firm of Kid-
der, Peabody & Co., of Boston, with whom he remained until February,
1892, when he became a partner in the firm of Clark, Ward & Co.,
448
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
bankers and brokers, of Boston and New York. This is comparatively
a young business house, but the personnel of the firm and the energy
and enterprise maintained by the members have placed them in a com-
manding position among the financial houses of New York and Boston.
Besides the New York and Boston houses, the firm have an office in
London and correspondents in many of the leading cities of America.
The firm transact a general banking and brokerage business upon the
New York and Boston Stock Exchanges, besides buying and selling
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 449
United States bonds and other securities and handling large amounts
of money for investment purposes.
Mr. Armstrong, the Boston member, is one of the most popular
young business men of the city. He has a large clientage among the
leading business men of New England who have faith in his judgment
and honesty of purpose. He is said to be one of the best judges of
values " on the street," a knowledge secured by years of close applica-
tion and study. He is interested in the Utah Consolidated Gold Mines
(limited) and the Boston Consolidated Copper and Gold Mining Com-
pany (limited), both English corporations controlling large copper
and gold interests in Utah.
Mr. Armstrong is a member of the Algonquin and Exchange Clubs,
of the Boston Athletic Association, of the Eastern Yacht Club, and of
various other societies of Boston. In politics he is an ardent Repub-
lican. Though deeply interested in party affairs, his business has de-
manded his entire attention to the exclusion of public preferment,
which has often been urged upon him.
He was married October 31, 1883, to Miss Angie J. Blaney, of Boston,
Mass.
THERTON, HORACE H., was born October 23, 1847, in Sau-
gus, Mass., where he still resides. His education was ob-
tained in the public schools. He is a lumber dealer. Mr.
Atherton has been for several years a prominent factor in
the Republican party, and has filled a number of positions of trust and
responsibility. He has served his town as Auditor, Assessor, and
Selectman, and from 1889 to 1890 was a member of the lower House of
the Massachusetts Legislature, serving on the Committees on Banks
and Banking and Prisons and on the Special Committee on the Ohio
Centennial Celebration. As a member of the Senate from 1895 to
1896 he rendered effective service on the Committee on Street Railways
and as Chairman of the Committee on Towns, Parishes, and Religious
Societies. In 1898 and 1899 he was a member of the Governor's Coun-
cil, representing the Fifth Councillor District and serving on the Com-
mittees on Harbors and Public Lands, Charitable Institutions, Prisons,
Nominations, and Warrants.
Mr. Atherton has also rendered effective service as a member of the
Republican Town Committee of Saugus. He is a member of the Ma-
sonic and Odd Fellows fraternities and a director of the Saugus Mutual
Fire Insurance Company.
450 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
YDEK, NATHANIEL F., member of the Governor's Council
from the First Councillor District since 1896, was born
October 15, 1845, in Middleboro, Mass., where he still re-
sides. He is a member of the well-known varnish house of
Burbank & Ryder, of Boston and Chicago, and in public as we! 1 as in
business affairs has been for several years a prominent figure in the
Commonwealth.
Mr. Eyder has served on the Republican State Central Committee,
and since 1896 has been a member of the Governor's Council, represent-
ing the First Councillor District. In the Council he has served with
marked ability on the Committees on Finance, Military and Naval
Affairs, Railroads, Nominations, Pardons, and Harbors and Public-
Lands. He has also been Treasurer of the Old Colony Club, and is a
prominent member of the Norfolk, Middlesex, Home Market, and Mas-
sachusetts Republican Clubs.
LIN, WILLIAM MILO, Secretary of the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts since 1891, was born of New England parent-
age at Warrenton, Ga., on the 18th of September, 1845. He
is the son of William M. and Mary Augusta (Bowen) Oliu,
a grandson of John H. Olin, and a great-grandson of Gideon Olin, a
Major in Colonel Herrick's regiment in the Revolutionary War and a
prominent judge and farmer, of Shaftsbury, Vt., of which his father,
John Olin, Jr., was an early settler. John Oliu, Sr., father of John, Jr.,
»came to Boston in 1678, moved to Rhode Island the same year, and died
there in 1725.
Mr. Olin has lived in Massachusetts since 1850, and began active life
as a boy in a newspaper office. Here and in the public schools hr laid
the foundation upon which lie has built a successful and honorable
career. Enlisting in the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Regiment, he served
through the War of the Rebellion, being honorably discharged June 8,
1865, and subsequently was for fourteen years a reporter, editor, and
Washington correspondent of the Boston Advertiser.
Mr. Olin was private secretary to Governors Talbot and Long, Col-
lector Roland Worthington, United States Senator Henry L. Dawes,
and Collector A. W. Beard, Colonel and military secretary on the staffs
of Governors Talbot and Long, and Adjutant-General of the National
Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic. He has also held
the positions of Lieutenant-Colonel and Assistant Adjutant-General of
the first brigade, M. V. M., and is a Knight Templar and 32d degree
Mason.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 451
lu 1891 Mr. Olin became Secretary of State of Massachusetts, and
still holds that office. He is now (1899) serving his ninth term, and
has discharged his duties in this capacity with great ability, fidelity,
and satisfaction, winning for himself the confidence and respect of the
people throughout the Commonwealth. As a Republican,' he has been
very active and influential in party affairs for many years.
He was married November 3, 1869, to Lizzie Wadsworth Readr
daughter of Edwin Read, of Boston, and has two children : Edwin R.
and Caroline L.
GODWIN, ALMON KENT, Postmaster of Pawtucket, R. I.,
was born in South Berwick, Me., March 27, 1839, and is the
third child of Augustus and Mercy (Preble) Goodwin. He
attended the public schools and the academy of his native
town until he was fifteen years old, when he was prepared for the
sophomore class in college. Concluding to adopt the profession of
medicine, he decided not to pursue a college course, and instead came to
Pawtucket in 1857 and began his medical studies in the office of Dr.
Sylvanus Clapp. Finding this study uncongenial after two years, he
concluded to turn his attention to something more in accordance with
his tastes, and engaged in mercantile business, being for a number of
years the senior member of the well-known firm of Goodwin & Allen,
wholesale flour dealers, of Providence, and continuing this business
until 1887.
Mr. Goodwin has always been prominent in public affairs. He was
early interested in politics and has been identified with the Republican
party from its origin and prominent in its councils. His eloquent and
earnest advocacy of its principles on the stump and elsewhere secured
for him immediate notice. He was Chairman of the Republican Town
Committee of Pawtucket for many years prior to its incorporation as a
city, and continued as Chairman of the City Committee until his elec-
tion as Mayor. He was Chairman of the Republican State Central
Committee for a number of years, and under his vigorous lead the party
won many a decisive and important victory. He was a member of the
Rhode Island General Assembly in 1875, 1876, and 1882, during which
time he served as a member of the Committee on Corporations and as
Chairman of the Committee on Militia. He was a delegate to the Na-
tional Republican Convention in 1880 which nominated James A. Gar-
field. He served as Auditor of the town and city of Pawtucket for sev-
eral years and as Auditor of the State of Rhode Island in 1887. In the
latter year he was elected Mayor of the city of Pawtucket, serving two
452 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
years ( 1888 and 1889 ) , and was again elected in 1890, serving during
1891. The second time he was elected Mayor he carried every ward in
the city, Democratic and Kepublican. After his third term he refused
to again be a candidate. As the city's chief executive officer, he was
conservative yet progressive, and suggested and carried to completion
many public improvements. In 1891 he was appointed State Com-
missioner of the Bureau of Labor and Statistics and served as such
until he was appointed Postmaster of Pawtucket in 1892, which posi-
tion he still holds. He has always been interested in the improvement
and prosperity of the city and lias been a member of the Business Men's
Association from its inception, serving on the Executive Committee
and as President of the association. Mr. Goodwin was for many years
active in the State militia, and did good service in this line while a
member of the General Assembly. He served on the staffs of Major-
General Horace Daniels and Major-General William R. Walker. He
has been prominent and active in public affairs, and although always
a Republican, and closely identified with that party for nearly forty
years, his first vote being cast for Abraham Lincoln, he has ever been
popular with men of all parties.
Mr. Goodwin was married in 1858 to Sarah M. Tower, daughter of
the late John C. Tower, and sister of Captain Levi Tower, of the Second
Rhode Island Volunteers, who was killed at the first battle of Bull
Run, July 21, 1801, while gallantly leading his men against the rebel
foe. Mrs. Goodwin was an excellent singer whose clear, sweet voice
it was always pleasant to hear, and which was heard for many years
in the churches in their city and State. She was a woman of marked
ability, and was not only of great aid to her husband in all the affairs
of life, public and private, but she took a lively interest in public
affairs and an active part in many enterprises for the benefit of the com-
munity, among which may be mentioned the Ladies' Soldiers' Memo-
rial Association, which she served efficiently as a member of the Ex-
ecutive Committee. She died February 19, 1892. They had one daugh-
ter, Margaret Kent, who was born in Pawtucket and who is still living.
She inherits decided musical tastes and talents from her mother and is
one of the leading pianists in the State.
NOWLTON, HOSEA M., Attorney-General of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts since 1894 and for many years one
of the foremost lawyers of New Bedford, was born in Dur-
ham, Me., May 20, 1847. He was graduated from Tufts
College in 1867, attended the Harvard Law School in 1869 and 1870,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 453
and then entered upon a professional career which has won for him
an honorable reputation. Settling in New Bedford, Mass., he soon
came into prominence as an able, intelligent lawyer and as a leader
of the Bristol County bar.
Mr. Knowlton is a prominent Republican and has filled several posi-
tions of a professional and political nature with marked ability and
satisfaction. He was a member of the lower House of the Massachu-
setts Legislature from 1876 to 1877 and of the State Senate from 1878
to 1879. From 1879 to 1893, inclusive, he was District Attorney for the
Southern District of Massachusetts, and in that capacity achieved a
reputation which extended throughout the Commonwealth. In 1894
lie assumed the duties of Attorney-General of Massachusetts, and by
successive re-elections still holds that office, serving now (1899) his
sixth term.
M1TH, GEORGE EDWIN, of Everett, President of the Massa-
chusetts Senate in 1898 and 1899, was born in New Hamp-
ton, Belknap County, N. H., April 5, 1849. He is the eldest
of four children of David Hebard Smith and Esther, his
wife, daughter of Rev. Thomas Perkins, and a descendant of Stephen
Smith, who served three enlistments in the Revolutionary war — first,
in 1776 in Captain Thomas Simpson's company; second, April 11, 1778,
in Captain Timothy Barrow's company of Colonel Timothy Bedell's
regiment; and third, in July, 1780, in Captain Benjamin Whittier's
company of Colonel Nichol's regiment. During this latter service
Stephen Smith was at West Point at the time of Major Andre's ex-
ecution. He married Mary Bean, and in 1782 moved to New Hampton,
N. H., their son David being born the same year. David Hebard Smith,
son of this David, was born in 1822, was long a Selectman of the town,
and served two terms in the State Legislature.
George E. Smith was educated in the common schools of his native
town, in the New Hampton Literary Institution, and at Bates College
at Lewiston, Me., from which he was graduated with high honors in
1873, and of which he was elected by the alumni in 1879 a member of
the Board of Overseers and by the corporation in 1884 a member of the
Board of President and Fellows. His early life was spent on the pater-
nal farm. On leaving college he began the study of law at Lewiston,
Me., in the office of Frye, Cotton & White, the senior partner of which
firm was Hon. William P. Frye, now United States Senator. Mr.
Smith was admitted to the Suffolk County bar at Boston in May. 1875,
and associated- himself in practice with Horace R. Cheney, who died in
December, 1876. He then succeeded to their legal business and has
454 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
since carried it on successfully in Boston, steadily increasing it, and
gaining an acknowledged leadership as an able advocate and coun-
sellor. His practice has been confined to civil cases. He appeared for
the college in the case of Bates College v. Benjamin E. Bates's estate,
reported in the Massachusetts Reports, and in many other cases of wide
importance.
For many years Mr. Smith has resided in Everett, Mass., where, as a
Republican, he has been active and prominent in public affairs. He
was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature from the
Eighth Middlesex District, comprising Maiden and Everett, in 1883
and again in 1884, and served as Chairman of the Committee on Roads
and Bridges and as a member of the Committees on Education and
Taxation. When Everett became a city he was the Republican can-
didate for Mayor, but failed of election. Appointed City Solicitor,
he served over two years, and was active in organizing the legal
branch of the municipal government. In 1880 he became a mem-
ber of the Board of Trustees of the Everett Public Library and has since
held that position. He was Chairman of the committee appointed in
1892 to procure the city charter, served for two years as a member of
the School Board, and was prominent in the committee of the town to
secure a system of sewerage. In 1896 he was elected to the Massachu-
setts Senate from the Fourth Middlesex District, receiving a vote
nearly three times greater than his Democratic opponent. He served
on the Committees on the Judiciary and Liquor Law and as Chairman
of the Committee on Bills in Third Reading, and in 1897 and again
in 1898 was re-elected. In 1898 he was unanimously chosen President
of the Senate, and the next year was re-elected to that position, which
he filled with consummate ability and great satisfaction. He is a
member of Palestine Lodge, F. and A. M., ex-President of the Glendon
Club, and a member of various other social organizations.
Mr. Smith was married at West Buxton, Me., October 31, 1876, to
Sarah F., daughter of Hon. Charles E. and Eliza (Allen) Weld. Their
only child, Theodosia Weld Smith, born July 29, 1878, in Everett, was
pursuing a regular course at Smith College, but died suddenly, July
19, 1897, at the threshold of a brilliant womanhood.
OURN, AUGUSTUS OSBORN, of Bristol, Governor of Rhode
Island in 1883-85, was born in Providence, in that State.
October 1, 1834, his parents being George O. Bourn and
Huldah B. Eddy. He is a lineal descendant of Jared Bourn,
who came to America from England about 1630, removed from Boston
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 455
to Portsmouth, K. I., and in 1654-55 was a deputy in the Colonial Leg-
islature from the latter town. Among Governor Bourn's paternal an-
cestors are the Bowens, Braytons, Beckets, Blys, Carpenters, Chases,
Gibsons, Gotts, Paines, Sterns, Shermans, Tripps, and Wheatons, while
those on his mother's side include the Blandings, Coopers, Clarkes,
Eddys, Greens, Ides, Peckhams, Walkers, and Weedens. Francis
Brayton was one of the founders of Providence, R. I. Richard Bowen,
William Blanding, Thomas Cooper, Jr., Nicholas Ide, Philip Walker,
and Robert Wheaton were among the original settlers of Rehoboth,
Mass. Samuel Eddy was an early settler of Plymouth and the son of
Rev. William Eddy, Vicar of St. Dunstan's, Cranbrook, Kent, Eng-
land. Jeremiah Clarke, Anthony Paine, John Peckham, John Greene,
Philip Sherman, John Tripp, and James Weeden were among the
founders of Newport and Portsmouth, R. I. Charles Gott was the first
deacon of the church in Salem, Mass. John Becket, John Ely, John
Gibson, Charles Gott, and Charles Sterns were very early settlers of
Massachusetts Bay.
Governor Bourn attended the public and high schools of Providence,
was graduated from Brown University with the degree of A.M. in 1855,
and then associated himself with his father, who was the senior mem-
ber of the firm of Bourn, Brown & Chafl'ee, manufacturers of rubber
shoes of Providence. Excepting about six years spent in Europe, he
has devoted his life to this business.
A strong Republican in politics, he was a member of the Rhode
Island Senate from Bristol from 1876 to 1883, being elected the first
four or five terms without opposition, and serving as Chairman of the
Committee on Finance and as a member of the Judiciary Committee.
In 1883 he was elected Governor of Rhode Island and, re-elected in
1884, served two terms. He was also State Senator from Bristol from
1886 to 1888, and in 1889 was appointed Consul-General of the United
States for Italy, at Rome, which office he held until 1893. Governor
Bourn acquainted himself with the French, German, Italian, and
Spanish languages, and traveled extensively in Cuba, Mexico, Eng-
land, France, Germany, Holland, Spain, Italy, and Morocco. He was
the author of the " Bourn Amendment " to the Rhode Island Constitu-
tion, introducing it into the State Senate, and being Chairman of the
Joint Special Committee to which it and other similar acts were re-
ferred.
Governor Bourn became a member of the Providence Horse Guards
about 1861, rose from private to Major, and served as Lieutenant-
Colonel in the Rhode Island Cavalry Battalion. Among other organi-
zations which he also joined are the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Brown
456 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
University, What Cheer Lodge, F. and A. M., and Calvary Command-
ery, K. T.
'February 24, 1863, he married Elizabeth Roberts Merrill, daughter
of David C. and Mary (Wentworth) Morrill, of Epping, N. H., and
their children are Augustus O., Jr., a lawyer, born May 7, 1865;
Stephen Wentworth, born April 5, 1877; and Elizabeth R. and Alice
M. W. Bourn.
UBOIS, EDWARD CHURCH, has resided in East Providence,
R. I., since May, 1878, and in various official and profes-
sional capacities has achieved a reputation which extends
throughout the State. He is a lineal descendant of Colonel
Benjamin Church, and was born in London, England, on the 12th of
January, 1848. In 1857, in New York City and State, his father,
Edward Church, for business reasons, changed his name and that of
his wife and children to Dubois, the family name of his mother, and
since that time they have been known and called by that name.
Mr. Dubois received his education at Russell's Academy in New
Haven, Conn., at the High School in Pawtucket, R. I., and at the
Friends' Academy in New Bedford, Mass. Subsequently he studied
law, was admitted to the bar, and in May, 1878, took up his permanent
residence in East Providence, R. I., where he served as Town Solicitor
for several years and as State Senator from May, 1883, to 1895. He was
Attorney-General of Rhode Island from May, 1894, to May, 1897, and
has been a member of the Rhode Island House of Representatives since
May, 1898. A staunch Republican in politics, he has long been a
leading member of the party and one of its ablest and most talented
supporters.
EOCH, ROBERT, Superintendent of the great Printing, Dye-
ing and Finishing Works of S. H. Greene & Sons, of River-
point, R. I., has advanced the art of printing and coloring
cotton fabrics to a perfection equal to the products of the
great mills of England and Scotland. Mr. Reoch is of Scottish birth,
being born in Ellerslie, Renfrewshire, Scotland, October 9, 1840. His
parents were Robert and Annie (McNeil) Reoch, the father being a
calico printer from whom Robert, Jr., learned many of the valuable
details of that trade.
Educated in private schools, when a youth, in his native town, Mr.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
457
Reoch received the additional benefits and training acquired at Ander-
sonian University, of Glasgow, where he was under the tutelage of
Dr. Penny, professor of Chemistry, and where he obtained a thorough
knowledge of that branch of chemistry necessary for his future life
work. When sixteen years of age, Mr. Reoch began an apprenticeship
as color maker with Thomas Boyd & Sons, calico printers of Barrhead,
Scotland. He subsequently became assistant manager of the well-
known calico printing establishment of Muir, Brown & Co., of Glas-
gow. In 1867 he was engaged by the firm of S. H. Greene & Sons, of
ROBERT REOCH.
Riverpoint, R. I., to superintend their works, which had been es-
tablished there in 1828. Mr. Reoch came to America that year and
assumed the entire management of the mills, which position he has
ever since filled. Under his control the mills have been, from time to
time, enlarged and extended until now they are among the leading-
institutions for printing, coloring, bleaching, and finishing cotton
fabrics in America. This firm was the first in America to put upon the
market the goods known as Turkey Red, and they also were the leaders
in producing the famous " Bandana " handkerchiefs. The success and
development of the great mills of S. H. Greene & Sons, the magnitude
458 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
and detail of which appear in the biographical sketch of Henry L.
Greene, the President of the company, is due to the skillful direction
and thorough knowledge of all of the details possessed by Robert
Reooh, the Superintendent.
Mr. Reoch is one of the most respected and valued citizens of Rhode
Island. In the community in which he lives he has always been fore-
most in all matters tending to advance public morals and to educate
the people in progressive lines of development. His business interests
have caused him to decline public office, but he has always been an
active member of the Republican party and has served upon the Repub-
lican Town Committee for years. When the British-American Asso-
ciation was in active organization he served as President of the War-
wick branch of that order. He has been a moving spirit in the intro-
duction of water for fire and domestic purposes, the electric lighting
system, and the building and operating of the electric railway through
the Pawtuxet Valley, connecting the villages with Providence. In all
of these movements Mr. Reoch has been a member of the board of
directors building and operating the same. He is a member of the
Congregational and Wanvick Clubs, of Providence, and the Kent Club,
of Riverpoint.
Mr. Reoch was married in Ban-head, Scotland, in 1865, to Miss Helen
Stewart, by whom he had eight children : Lillias, Robert, William,
Helen, Archibald, Mary, Norman, and John (deceased). The mother
died in 1894. In 1896 Mr. Reoch married Miss Lillias Stewart, a sister
of his first wife.
OWARD, HENRY, Governor of Rhode Island in 1873-75, was
born in Cranston, in that State, April 2, 1826, his parents
being Jesse and Mary (King) Howard and his maternal
ancestor Gabriel Bernon, the eminent Huguenot refugee.
Educated in the common schools and academies, he was admitted to
the Providence County bar in 1851, but after practicing for six years
abandoned his profession and engaged in manufacturing and business
enterprises.
Early in life Governor Howard became actively interested in politics,
served as Secretary of the Whig State Convention, and was prominent
in the organization of the Republican party, being a delegate from
Rhode Island to the first National Republican Convention which nomi-
nated General John C. Fremont for President in 1856 and also to the
convention of 1876 which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes. He was a
member of the Rhode Island General Assembly in 1856-57, a Presi-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 459
dential Elector in 1872, and an Expert Commissioner to the Paris Ex-
position in 1878, being appointed by President Hayes. He was elected
Governor of Rhode Island in 1873 and re-elected in 1874, and served
two terms. He was a Captain in the Providence Marine Artillery, a
Colonel on the staff of Governor William W. Hoppin, and a member
and President of the Franklin Lyceum of Providence. His business
connections include the following : President of the Harris Manufac-
turing Company, the Armington & Sims Engine Company, the Provi-
dence Telephone Company, and the Pintsch Gas Company. In 1873
Brown University conferred upon him the degree of A.M.
September 30, 1851, Governor Howard married Catharine Greene
Harris, daughter of Hon. Elisha Harris, Governor of Rhode Island from
1847 to 1849, and their children are Jessie H. (Mrs. Edward C. Buck-
lin'), Elisha H., and Charles T.
MITU, GEORGE LEWIS, of Barrington, R. I., was born in
that town on the 23d of September, 1840, and received a
public school education. In the Civil War he served three
years and four months, enlisting June 5, 1861, as a private
in JCoinp.my I), Second Rhode Island Volunteers. He was promoted
Second Lieutenant in the Third Rhode Island Heavy Artillery, March
11, 1862, First- Lieutenant November 28, 1862, and Captain January 15,
1864. and was mustered out of service on October 5 of the latter year.
For seven years he was employed in the United States Custom House
in Providence. At present his occupation is that of collector and real
estate a gent.
Mr. Smith has been for many years one of the leading Republicans of
the town el Barringtou, where he was born, and in various official
capacities has displayed great political ability. He has been a member
of the Barrington Town Council one year, an Assessor of Taxes nine
years, a member of the Barrington School Committee nineteen years,
and Superintendent of Schools five years. From 1894 to 1897 he served
as a Representative to the Rhode Island General Assembly and since
May, 1897, has been State Senator.
0\VEE, BYRON, J., was born April 19. 1838, in Scituate,
R. I., where he received a public school education, and
where he still resides. He has held many town offices, was
Treasurer of the town nine years, and served for one year
as a member of the Scituate Town Council. In May, 1898, he took his
460 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
seat as State Senator, and was made a member of the Committees on
Printing and State Property. A Eepublican in politics, Mr. Cowee
has been prominent in local affairs and actively identified with the
best interests of his native town.
ENDLETON, JAMES MONROE, of Westerly, R. I., was
born at Pendleton Hill, North Stouington, Conn., January
10, 1822, and died February 1C, 1889. He was the youngest
son and tenth child in a family of twelve children of Gen-
eral Nathan Pendleton and Pha?be Cole and a descendant of Major
Brian Pendleton, who came to New England shortly after the arrival
of the Mayflower and won distinction as a soldier and in the councils
of the colony. General Nathan Pendleton was a member of the Con-
necticut Legislature from 1810 to 1826.
Mr. Pendleton was graduated from the Connecticut Literary Insti-
tution with high honors in 1844. In 1854 he became an incorporator
of the Niantic Bank of Westerly, R. I., and subsequently served for
seventeen years as its Cashier, the bank having been reorganized in
the meantime under the National Bank Act. At the time of his death
he was President of the Niantic National Bank and the Niantic Sav-
ings Bank, both of Westerly. Mr. Pendleton was always deeply inter-
ested in politics and public affairs, and was an earnest and consistent
Republican from the organization of the party, and by his ability, in-
dustry, patriotism, and integrity won and maintained the confidence
and esteem of all who knew him. He was a member of the Rhode
Island Senate from 1862 to 1865 inclusive, served as President of the
Union League in Westerly during the Rebellion, was largely instru-
mental in enlisting soldiers for the defense of the government, and for
fifteen years was a member and a part of the time Chairman of the State
Board of Charities and Corrections. In 1868 he was a delegate to the
National Republican Convention at Chicago, a Presidential Elector,
and elected a member of the Forty-second Congress, in which he served
on the Committees on Printing and Revolutionary Claims. He was re-
elected to the Forty-third Congress and served on the important Com-
mittee on the Revision of Laws. In 1876 he was a delegate to the
National Republican Convention, and in 1878 he was elected to the
Rhode Island House of Representatives, to which he was annually re-
elected until 1884, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Finance.
He was also prominent in the Masonic fraternity.
In 1847 Mr. Pendleton married Bethena A. Spencer, of Suffield,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 461
Conn. They had no children, but in 1854 two children of his brother
William were taken into the family. One, Lieutenant James M. Pen-
dleton, died of disease contracted in the Civil War, and the other, Eliza-
beth P. Pendleton, died in 1891. In 1865 two other children of his late
brother William were likewise given a home, one of whom died, the
other, Kev. Charles H. Peudleton, graduating from Brown University
in 1878 and from the Rochester Theological Seminary in 1881.
ADD, HERBERT WARREN, of Providence, Governor of
Rhode Island for two terms (1889-90 and 1891-92), is the
son of Warren and Lucy (Kingman) Ladd, and was born in
New Bedford, Mass., October 15, 1842. His life has been a
remarkably busy one. Crowded as it is with successful incident and
adventure, with discouraging experiences, trials, and sorrows, his in-
domitable will and self-reliance, united with great intellectual ability
and sound judgment, have won for him distinctive honors which few
men ever achieve. After graduating from the High School of New
Bedford in 1860 he entered a wholesale dry goods store, and a year later
accepted a reportorial position on the staff of the New Bedford
Mercury. Here he developed the ability for journalism which soon
gave him a recognized leadership among the reporters and correspond-
ents of that city. His letters to the Mercury from the South and West
during the War of the Rebellion were exceptionally interesting,
graphic, and meritorious, and withal accurate and valuable. An
" extra " of the Mercury, issued by him, announcing the battle of Fred-
ericksburg, was the first Sunday newspaper published in New England
outside of Boston.
In 1864 Mr. Ladd retired from journalism and again entered the dry
goods business as a clerk for White, Brown & Co., of Boston, then the
largest importers of dress goods in the United States. In the spring of
1871 he removed to Providence, R. I., and established a small retail
dry goods store, which steadily grew to be one of the principal enter-
prises of the kind in the city, his excellent taste in the selection of
goods bringing him the best trade. The systematic methods which he
first introduced into the retail dry goods business in this country, com-
bined with the special ability and untiring energy which he displayed
as an organizer, not only brought him into wide prominence, but rap-
idly developed his enterprise until it gained the distinction of being one
of the finest and best known retail establishments in New England.
462 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
The block occupied for many years by the H. W. Ladd Company was
one of the largest on Westminster street.
During his successful business career in Providence Mr. Ladd de-
clined all solicitations to become a candidate for public office until
1899, his uniform answer being that he was emphatically a business
man and untrained in the school of politics. In that year, however, he
accepted the nomination for Governor of Rhode Island on the Repub-
lican ticket, with which party lie had always affiliated. He was
elected, and on taking office entered at once upon the advocacy of many
important measures affecting the interests of the State and its people.
In 1890 his party again gave him an emphatic endorsement for re-
election, but the ticket was defeated. In 1891, however, he was for the
third time made the Republican standard-bearer, and was elected Gov-
ernor for a second term.
Governor Ladd's record of two years in the executive chair was a
brilliant one, and marked throughout by energetic and progressive
work. He brought to the administration of the office the same zeal and
enterprise, the same ability, sound judgment, and integrity, which char-
acterized him in his private business life, and the measures which he so
efficiently advocated bore abundant fruit before his final retirement.
He was among the first in the country to actively champion the move-
ment for good roads, with the result, achieved largely through his
efforts, that Rhode Island now has a model road law. He was also in-
strumental in developing the State Agricultural School at Kingston,
which was in its infancy when he assumed his executive duties; and the
establishment of the Soldiers' Home at Bristol is another important
feature of his work as Governor. Improved tax laws, biennial elections,
the early closing of polls, the agricultural and educational interests of
the State, and the elevation of the gubernatorial office to a degree of
dignity and importance enjoyed by Governors of other States were all
urgently advocated by him and received his enthusiastic support. An
address which Governor Ladd delivered before the Rhode Island In-
stitute of Instruction on illiteracy and educational methods pursued
in the State was followed by a notable awakening in the State's educa-
tional affairs, and, as a practical emphasis of his interest in this subject,
he presented a magnificently equipped observatory to Brown Univer-
sity, which recognized the gift by conferring upon him the honorary
degree of Master of Arts. This observatory cost about $40,000.
Governor Ladd also advocated the need of a State Capitol for Rhode
Island, and in his first message to the Legislature contrasted, by means
of pictures, the State's poor edifice with State buildings all over the
country. The result is the new Rhode Island Capitol building — one of
the finest marble edifices in America, its magnificent marble dome be-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 463
ing the only one in the world outside of the Taj Mahal in Agra, India.
Mo Kim, Mead & White were the architects, and Norcross the contract-
ors, and the building will ever stand as Governor Ladd's monument.
The unfailing interest in public and social affairs which Governor
Ladd has displayed through all his business and political career distin-
guishes him as a man of unusual prominence and patriotism. He was
the founder and father of the well known Providence Commercial Club,
which meets monthly to discuss the leading questions of the day, and
which reached a high degree of prosperity under his Presidency. He
was alsoVice-President of the Providence Board of Trade for two years,
President of the Rhode Island Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Children for several years, and chiefly instrumental in securing the
spacious home for the latter organization. Among other bodies with
which he is or has been prominently connected may be mentioned the
following : member of and a large contributor to the Providence Young
Men's Christian Association, a Vice-President and member of the
New England Historic Genealogical Society of Boston, President
(for several years) of the Rhode Island School of Design, a director of
the Atlantic National Bank of Providence, and a member of the Hope,
Press, and Athletic Clubs of Providence. In 1876 he was especially
earnest and influential in the movement for enlarged and improved
railway terminal facilities for the city and for faster train service,
calling the meeting of the memorable Committee of One Hundred
which took steps to elect a City Council favorable for the so-called
" Goddard Plan " of railway terminals. This movement in 1884 was
the beginning and inspiration of the awakening that after a hard and
eventful struggle brought the present elevated station, which is virtu-
ally the one advocated by Governor Ladd. Governor Ladd was nomi-
nated for office in 1889, when the Democrats had been in power and
felt sure of continuing. He went through three elections, every one
of them a bitter fight, but he was successful, and his administration
was so popular that the Democrats have never since been able to exert
any powerful influence in the State. The election in Rhode Island
takes place in April, and the years Governor Ladd made his fight for
the Republican party in the State were troublesome ones for the party
throughout the Nation. Hence the influence of his victories were more
than usually important to the Republican party.
In January, 1888, at a dinner at which Hon. George William Curtis
was present, in answer to a question as to whether Cleveland had not
made a mistake in his advocacy of Free Trade in his message to Con-
gress the previous December, Mr. Curtis remarked he thought he had,
but that that matter would all be compromised away before the June
464 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
conventions and the tariff would not be an issue in the next fall cam-
paign.
Mr. Ladd heard of this through his wife, who was at the table and
heard Mr. Curtis's remark. As President of the Commercial Club he
had to arrange the monthly dinner for February. He had been ac-
cused of having the best Protectionist speakers in the country when-
ever the club discussed tariff issues, and never giving the Free Trade
side a proper representation. He thought he would do it this time,
and arranged with the most prominent Free Traders in Rhode Island
for them to have Mills and Breckenridge, of the Ways and Means Com-
mittee, to present the Free Trade side. Hon. William W. Crapo, of
Massachusetts, alone represented the Protection side. It was a memor-
able occasion. Some 230 representative men from the State of Rhode
Island sat at the table, and the speeches were fully reported in the lead-
ing papers all over the country the next day.
June came, Cleveland was renominated, and Harrison chosen to bear
the Republican standard. The tariff was very much in evidence during
the whole campaign and Harrison was elected. Several Southern
papers, after the election, wholly and frankly admitted Mr. Cleveland's
defeat and the defeat of the Democratic party due entirely to Mills and
Breckenridge, who went down to Rhode Island, that busy hive of Pro-
tection, and from the warm welcome and the royal hospitality extended
to them thought they were among political friends, and placed the
tariff question before the country so firmly that it could not be com-
promised away. This meeting wras carefully planned and carried out
by Mr. Ladd, and will ever stand as one of the many evidences of what
Mr. Ladd has done for the Republican party.
Governor Ladd was married on the 25th of May, 1870, to Emma
Frances Burrows, daughter of Caleb Gerald and Elizabeth (Holmes)
Burrows, of Providence, R. I. She died as her husband entered upon
his gubernatorial labors, and of their six children two are living :
Elizabeth Burrows Ladd and Hope Ladd.
ARD, A. HERBERT, State Senator since May, 189G, was born
September 6, 1854, in the town of Middletown, R. I., where
he still resides. He was educated in the public schools of
Middletown and Newport and at East Greenwich Academy.
As a Republican he has been prominently identified with local party
affairs, serving as a member of the Middletown Town Council since
1884 and as President of that body since 1892. He was a Representa-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
465
live to the Rhode Island General Assembly from 1893 to 1896, and in
May, 1896, became a member of the State Senate. He is engaged in
farming.
ULL, MELVILLE, of Middletown, Ehode Island, and Repre-
sentative in Congress from the First District of the State,
was born in Newport, R. I., in 1854. He is the son of Henry
and Henriettsi Easton (Melville) Bull, and a lineal de-
scendant of Governor Henry Bull, one of the original eighteen purchas-
ers of the Island of Aquidneck or Rhode Island — a man who was twice
Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,
the second time in the critical period of the Colonies' existence, when
New England was subject to the
tyranny of Sir Edmund Andros.
Governor Henry Bull came from
the vicinity of Newport, in Wales,
England. He was apparently the
leading military man among the
first settlers of Newport, and his
stone house, built in 1639, was
called a garrison house, and is
still standing. Bancroft, in his
History of the United States, al-
ludes to this first American ances-
tor of the subject as follows :
" Did no one dare to assume re-
sponsibility? All eyes turned to
one of the old antinomian exiles,
the more than octogenarian,
Henry Bull; and the fearless
Quaker, true to the light within,
employed the last glimmerings of
life to restore the democratic char-
ter of Rhode Island. Once more
its free government is organized;
its seal is renewed; the symbol, an anchor; the motto, Hope."
Henry Bull, the father of Melville Bull, and well known in Newport
County as Major Bull, resided in Middletown at Dudley Place, adjoin-
ing the city line of Newport, for many years. In early life he lived in
Newport, on the family estate, corner of Bull and Broad streets, en-
gaged in the lumber and West India business. As a young man he took
466 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
some interest in politics and was repeatedly elected Moderator of the
town of Newport. He was also elected to the Assembly, and last held
the position of Senator from Newport. When Newport was re-char-
tered as a city, he was one of the three most prominent candidates for
its first Mayor, but withdrew in favor of Hon. George H. Calvert, well
known as her first, and by many still esteemed as her best, Mayor. Mr.
Bull was President of the Newport Gas Light Company, a position he
held from the first establishment of the company until his death in
April, 1899, when his son, the subject of this sketch, succeeded him.
Melville Bull's grandfather, the late Major Bull, was a prominent
man in Newport, and one of her most honored and public spirited
citizens. He was a member of the General Assembly for many years
and Presidential Elector in 183G. He was a Jackson Democrat. His
memories of Rhode Island, undertaken to preserve from loss all that he
gleaned in his time relating to the story of the State, have formed the
basis of much of the history of the State. Major Bull's grandfather
commenced life as a house carpenter, and built a house on the family
estate on the corner of Broad and Bull streets, in Newport, which is
standing to-day. From a carpenter, this ancestor turned his attention
to the law, and was afterward one of the ablest lawyers in the State
and had various political offices. He was Attorney-General in 1721-22
and Speaker of the House in 1728. It is said of him that when he was
learning to practice the legal profession, he used to go out into his
garden, where, after placing three cabbages in one row and twelve in
another, lie addressed them as if they were a court. When, afterward,
he became a successful advocate, an old Mend who remembered the
cabbage business joked him about it, to which the Attorney-General
replied that he had frequently found since he had practiced law that
cabbage heads often formed the court.
Melville Bull's grandfather married Mary Foues Holmes Tilling-
hast, a daughter of Dr. William Tillinghast, of Newport, and grand-
daughter of John Holmes, Esq., of Middletown. John Holmes was a
descendant of Eev.Obadiah Holmes, a celebrated Baptist preacher, who
was an Oxford graduate and a seceder from the Established Church
of England, and was publicly whipped and banished from Boston on
account of his religious principles. He came to Newport and succeeded
John Clark as pastor of the First Baptist Church in that city. John
Holmes was General Treasurer of the State for thirteen years, from
1690 to 1703, also again in 1708-9. His father, Jonathan Holmes, was
the first Speaker of the House of Deputies, and was elected in 1696,
previous to which date the House of Deputies was presided over by
either the Governor or Lieutenant-Governor. John Holmes was the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 467
last male descendant of the direct line from Obadiah Holmes, and
inherited his property.
David Melville, Esq., Melville Bull's grandfather on his mother's
side, was a gentleman of retiring habits, but of great mechanical
genius. He perfected many inventions, but modesty prevented him
from realizing much pecuniary advantage from them. Before coal gas
was thought of in this country, he made it and lighted his house in
Newport with it successfully.
This brief genealogical sketch of some of the ancestors of Melville
Bull seems to prove the old adage that " like begets like," for in the
subject of this article we can trace many of the qualities possessed by
his ancestors. It is fortunate to have a noble lineage, still more to
emulate, and prove oneself no disgrace to them.
Colonel Melville Bull was graduated from Harvard College in 1877,
and, having chosen the occupation of a farmer, assumed the manage-
ment of Ogden Farm in Middletown, near Newport, immediately after-
graduation. This farm had become somewhat celebrated under the
management of the late Colonel George E. Waring, Jr. Colonel Bull
was abroad in 1882 and 1893, and visited various parts of Europe. He
has been engaged in the hotel and theatre business in Newport, but has
never forsaken his first love, that of farming, in which he continues to
be engaged. He is unmarried.
In 1883 Melville Bull was elected to the House of Representatives of
Rhode Island, since which time he has taken an active interest in poli-
tics. He was a member of the House until 1885, when he was elected
to the Senate, filling that position until 1892, when he was elected Lieu-
tenant-Governor, serving in that capacity until 1894. In 1892 he was
the Republican candidate for Congress and secured a plurality of 640
votes, but the law requiring a majority at that time, he was not elected.
He was elected to the Fifty-fourth and re-elected to the Fifty-fifth and
Fifty-sixth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Accounts and
Naval Affairs. His first military commission was held in the Newport
Artillery, the oldest active military company in the United States, its
charter dating back to 1741. Melville Bull was chief of Governor
Wetmore's personal staff from 1885 to 1887. He served on the Repub-
lican State Central Committee from 1885 to 1895, and was a delegate
to the National Republican Convention of 1888. He was active
in the formation and management of the Rhode Island State Agri-
cultural College and Experiment Station, and is at present a mem-
ber of the Board of Managers and Treasurer of that institution.
Melville Bull, while in the State Legislature, was Chairman of
the Senate Committee on Militia and a member of the Committee on
Corporations, and served on various commissions of importance. He
468 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
is a member of the Newport Artillery, St. Paul's Lodge, A. F. and A.M.,
Royal Arch Chapter, and Washington Commandery, Knights Tem-
plars, and one of the charter members of Palestine Temple, Mystic
Shrine, and Past Exalted Ruler of the Newport Lodge of the Benevo-
lent and Protective Order of Elks, and a number of social clubs. He is
largely interested in electric and gas lighting, being President of the
Newport Gas Company and the Newport Illuminating Company, and
Vice-President of the Newport and Fall River Electric Railroad. As a
farmer, Mr. Bull believes in work aided by practical science. He is
eminently a busy man, and in the various phases of life he is cool, ener-
getic, and practical. These qualities have made him a favorite in po-
litical, business, and social relations.
ORTON, JEREMIAH W., of Newport, R. I., was born in
Rehoboth, Mass., on the 8th of April, 1844, and received
his education in the public and private schools of that town.
He has served in the Rhode Island State Militia for twenty-
six consecutive years, holding commissions as Captain, Major, Lieuten-
ant-Colonel, and Colonel. His business is that of a manufacturer and
dealer in furniture.
In politics, Colonel Horton has been for many years a prominent
Republican, and one of the ablest leaders of the party in his section.
He has been a member of the Newport Board of Aldermen, a member
of the School Board of that city, and Overseer of the Poor. He wa>
Mayor of the city of Newport from 1892 to 1893, and represented his
district in the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 1891, 1892,
and 1893, and from May, 1894, to May, 1895. Since November, 1897,
he has served as State Senator. He has filled every position with
marked ability, energy, and satisfaction.
EED, THOMAS BRACKETT, who was for so many years a
member and Speaker of the National House of Representa-
tives, is the son of Thomas Brackett and Matilda
(Mitchell) Reed, and was born October 18, 1839, in
Portland, Me. There he received his preliminary education in the
public schools. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in the
class of 1860, after which he spent about fifteen months in teaching,
being assi)?tant in the Portland High School part of the time. Mean-
while he also studied law, and in April, prior to his admission to the
bar, he received an appointment as Acting Assistant Paymaster in the
THOMAS B. REED
5
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 471
bury ( Vt.) Cotton Mills and engaged in making cotton yarn. In Feb-
ruary, 1882, with Hon. William F. Draper and others, he organized the
Barnaby Manufacturing Company, of which he has since been Treas-
urer. The mill of this company is located in the eastern part of the city
of Fall River. Its business is the manufacture of fine colored cotton
products known to the trade as " fine zephyr goods." This mill was the
first one of its kind erected in this country, and the first combing ma-
chines for the combing of fine yarn which were operated in this section
were, run in this mill, which employs about four hundred and fifty
hands, and with a capital of four hundred thousand dollars has paid
liberal dividends from the start. The goods made by the Barnaby mill
are sent to every State in the Union and the reputation of the firm has
become firmly established.
In the social life of Fall River Mr. Ashley is as well known as in
business circles. He has traveled much abroad in the course of ad-
vancing his business, and is known at home and elsewhere as an active,
devoted, and progressive business man. Mr. Ashley is a director in the
National Union Bank of Fall River. He is a progressive Republican,
has served for some time as a member of the Republican State Central
Committee, and is a member of the Republican Club of Massachusetts,
of the Algonquin Club of Boston, of King Philip Lodge, F. and A. M.,
and of the Knight Templar degree in the Masonic fraternity.
Mr. Asliley was married February 18, 1874, to Harriette Remington
Davol. of Fall River, Mass., daughter of Stephen and Sarah F. Davol.
They have four children : Mary Easton, Anna Byron, William H., and
Stephen B., Jr.
PAULDING, TIMOTHY GRIDLEY, of Northampton, Mass.,
was born in Ware, Hampshire County, Mass., July 30, 1851,
and is the son of Samuel T. and Maria (Gridley) Spaulding.
His paternal grandmother, Tirza Hoar, was a daughter of
Captain Joseph Hoar, of Brinifield, and a great-granddaughter of Cap-
tain Leonard Hoar, who came from Concord to Brimfield about 1720.
His maternal grandfather, Dr. Timothy J. Gridley, of Amherst, Mass.,
married Dorothy Smith Mattoon, daughter of General Ebenezer Mat-
toon, of Amherst. General Mattoon was under Arnold in the Quebec
expedition, participated in the battle of Saratoga, was a member of the
first Congress, served as Adjutant-General of Massachusetts, was for
many years High Sheriff of Hampshire County, and was Commander
of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston.
Timothy G. Spaulding received his early education in the public
schools of Northampton, at Williston Seminary in Easthampton, and
472 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
at the Classical School on Round Hill in Northampton, and was grad-
uated from Amherst College in the class of 1872. In college his spe-
cialties were writing and debating. He taught a private school for
boys at Westchester, N. Y., in 1872-73, among his pupils there being
John B. Mason, the actor. He studied law in the office of his father
and was admitted to the bar at Greenfield, Mass., in August, 1877, since'
which time he has been established in Northampton, successfully en-
gaged in general civil and criminal practice. He was the first City
Solicitor of Northampton, serving from 1883 to 1887, and also since
March, 1896, and has been counsel for the city in numerous important
special cases, including the grade crossing case, reported in 156 Mass.,
299, in which he prepared the brief and made the argument on behalf
of the city before the Supreme Court.
Mr. Spanlding was a member of the Massachusetts House of Repre-
sentatives from Northampton in 1878 and declined re-election. He was
a member of the Northampton School Committee from 1878 to 1892,
and for nearly twenty years has been Secretary of the Northampton
Institution for Savings. He is one of the trustees of the Academy of
Music (a gift to the city), one of the founders and organizers of the
Northampton Club and its President in 1887-88, is a member of the
Connecticut Valley Historical Society, and is a trustee of the Clark
School for the Deaf. Mr. Spaulding was also one of the County Com •
missioners of Hampshire County in 1894-95. He is a prominent and
active Republican, and has managed State, county, and district cam-
paigns successfully. His friends have repeatedly asked him to accept
the mayoralty of Northampton, and he was once nominated for that
office by acclamation, but each time he declined the honor. In 1890
he was nominated for Congress from the old Eleventh District. He
is unmarried.
TJRDETT, JOSEPH OLIVER, one of the most prominent and
successful lawyers and politicians in Massachusetts, and for
six years a member of the Republican State Committee and
three years chairman of that body, was born in South Read-
ing, now Wakefield, Mass., October 30, 1848, and is the son of Joseph
and Sally (Mansfield) Burdett, both of English extraction. His great-
grandfather, Joseph Burdett, was one of the early settlers of Maiden.
Michael, his son, settled in Wakefield, and was a Whig in politics and
prominent in local affairs. Joseph Burdett, father of Joseph O., was^
originally a Jacksonian Democrat, subsequently becoming a member
of the Free Soil party, and eventually joining the Republican party.
He was a man of affairs in Wakefield, a member of the School Com-
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 473
mittee for years, and prominent in church work, being a leading mem-
ber of the old Congregational Church. He died in 1890, aged eighty
years. A brother of Joseph was Michael Burdett, who was for many
years a minister preaching in Philadelphia, while another brother, Dr.
Samuel Dix Burdett, was a distinguished physician of that city.
Joseph O. Burdett attended the public schools of Wakefield, but
decided to have the advantage in life of a superior education. By teach-
ing school at intervals he obtained the means to enter Tufts College,
from which institution he was graduated with the Class of 1871. De-
ciding upon the profession of law for his life work, he entered Harvard
Law School, and during his course of study and instruction there read
law in the office of Judge John W. Hammond, now upon the Supreme
Bench of the State. With these excellent and superior advantages he
made rapid progress and April 19, 1873, was admitted to the Middlesex
County bar. He remained, for a time, in the office of Judge Hammond,
practicing his profession, and then made his home in Hingham, Mass.,
where he has since resided and taken an active part in the development
of that town and section. Soon after moving to Hingham he opened
a law office in Boston, on Devonshire street, and upon the completion of
the Exchange Building, 50 State street, established his office there,
where it has since remained. Mr. Burdett makes no specialty in his
profession, but has established one of the most flourishing general
legal practices in the city.
He has served on the School Committee of Hingham since 1876, and
for seventeen years was chairman of that body. For twenty-two years
he has been Town Counsel of Hingham and also for many years of Hull.
In 1884 Mr. Burdett was elected to the Legislature and was appointed
Chairman of the Committee on Public Service. During this year he re-
ported and carried through the present Civil Service Law of the State,
despite the opposition of the Democratic party and spoils Republicans.
In 1885 he was re-elected and served in the same capacity on the Public
Service Committee and as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary.
In 1886 Mr. Burdett became a member of the Republican State Com-
mittee and so continued for six years, the last three years of which he
served as its chairman. During these years the party had the hardest
fights ever experienced in its history.
Mr. Burdett is a member of Old Colony Lodge, No. 108, I. O. O. F.,
of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, of
the Middlesex and Massachusetts Republican Clubs, and of the Wild
Goose Club. Besides his extensive and engrossing law practice he has
been extensively engaged in real estate operations in Brookline, Boston,
and Nantasket. He has been very successful in this line, and has added
474 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
much to the localities mentioned by improving his property with first-
class dwellings, etc.
Mr. Burdett was married June 30, 1874, to Miss Ella J. Corthell, of
Hingham, Mass. Three children have been born to them: Harold C.,
Edith M., and Helen R.
WOMBLY, H. F., of Framingham, Mass., was born in Falls
Village, Conn., on the 30th of January, 1865, but removed to
Framingham when comparatively young. He was educated
in the Framingham public schools, and has been success-
fully engaged in gardening, in manufacturing fancy leather goods, and
in the real estate business. In 1899 he represented the Twentieth Mid-
dlesex District in the lower House of the Massachusetts Legislature.
Mr. Twombly is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities,
the Eoyal Arcanum, and the Grange. He is an enthusiastic Repub-
lican and prominent in local party councils.
KANE, ROBERT BRUCE, represents a family whose name is
connected inseparably with the manufacture of paper in
Massachusetts for nearly a century. In 1801 Zenas Crane
established his paper mill in Dalton, Mass., and ever since
the succeeding generations of the family have been actively engaged in
the manufacture of this product. One branch of this family resides in
Westfield, Mass., where they operate paper mill*, the plant being owned
and worked by Robert Bruce Crane and James Arthur Crane, grand-
sons of Zenas Crane, under the title of Crane Brothers. The product
of their mills has attained an international reputation.
Robert Bruce Crane was born in Dalton on June 4, 1845, attended a
private school in Pittsfield, Mass., and the Military Academy in Worces-
ter, and later took a course in Williston Seminary at Easthampton,
finishing his education with a six months' trip through Europe in com-
pany with his brother, J. Arthur Crane. Mr. Crane has been promi-
nent in the town affairs of Westfield, and was elected to the Massachu-
setts House of Representatives in 1890 and 1891, serving as Chairman
of the Committee on Labor.
The chief product of the extensive mills of the Crane Brothers is a
linen paper, and the water marks on Crane's " Linen Record,'' " Japan-
ese Linen," and " Warranted All Linen " are familiar throughout the
country. The great success of this paper is due to the extraordinary
care taken even in the smallest details of its manufacture. One of the
chief elements in the success of this grade of paper is the use of very
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 475
pure water, brought in six-inch pipes from the mountains at the rate of
five hundred gallons per minute. The rags for making this paper are
all cut by hand in order to obtain the required fibre. In 1876 they ob-
tained the highest award for record paper at the Centennial Exhibition,
and later they obtained the highest award at Berlin and the grand
prize gold medal at Paris. In 1880 the Melbourne Exposition awarded
them a gold medal and the New Orleans Exposition gave them a grand
prize gold medal in 1885. A medal of superiority was received from
the American Institute at New York in 1889 and they also have a silver
medal from the Mechanics' Fair in Boston given them in 1890. In ad-
dition to the manufacture of paper the mills have a product known
as " Linenoid," from which are made a variety of seamless articles.
J. Arthur Crane has charge of the mills, while Robert B. Crane devotes
much of his time to their celebrated Wolf Pit Stock Farm, which is
largely devoted to the raising of fine horses. The most noted stal-
lion on the farm is the celebrated Chronos, with a record of 2.12 1-2.
1MBALL, EDWARD PAYSON, of Portsmouth, N. H., is de-
scended from Richard Kimball, who came from Suffolk
County, England, to Watertown, Mass., in 1G34, and whose
descendants settled in Ipswich and Amesbury in that State
and in Hopkinton and Warner, N. H. His maternal ancestors, the
Colbys, were also of English stock, coming to this country about 1G:?U.
Mr. Kimball is the son of Rev. Reuben and Judith (Colby) Kimball,
and was born in Warner, N. H., July 4, 1834. He was educated in the
common schools of Kittery, Me., and in the academies at Hampton and
Andover, N. H., and from 1855 to 1857 was engaged in the mercantile
business in Kittery.
In 1857 Mr. Kimball settled in Portsmouth, N. H., where he has ever
since resided, being engaged in practical banking. From a clerk in
the Piscataqua Exchange and Portsmouth Savings Banks he became,
in 1871, Cashier of the First National Bank and in 1882 President of
that institution and also of the Piscataqua Savings Bank. Besides
these, he has been interested in several other important business enter-
prises, especially in the West.
Mr. Kimball has long been a prominent Republican, deeply inter-
ested in the welfare of the party, and actively identified with the city
of Portsmouth. He was a member of the City Government and the
Portsmouth School Board, and in 1885 and 1886 served in the New
Hampshire Legislature. Since 1867 he has been Clerk and Treasurer
and since 1871 a Deacon of the North Congregational Church of Ports-
476 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
mouth. Among other institutions with which he is or has been con-
nected may be mentioned the following : Trustee of the Cottage Hos-
pital, the Chase Home for Children, the Portsmouth Seaman's Friend
Society, and Piscataqua Lodge, 1. O. O. F., and President of the Howard
Benevolent Society and the Young Men's Christian Association.
September 13, 1864, Mr. Kimball married Martha Jane Thompson,
daughter of Colonel Samuel and Anna True (Smith) Thompson, of
Wilmot, N. H. They have had three children, namely : Elizabeth
Colby Kirnball, born January 29, 1866, died March 7, 1880; Martha
Smith Kimball, born February 28, 1870, who was graduated from
Smith College in 1892; and Edward Thompson Kimball, born Septem-
ber 29, 1873, who was graduated from Amherst College in 1896.
OSELEY, SAMUEL EOBEET, of Hyde Park, Mass., proprie-
tor of the Norfolk County Gazette, was born in Columbus,
Ohio, November 6, 1846, the son of Thomas W. H. and Mary
A. (Beckner) Moseley. His grandparent? were natives of
Virginia and moved to Kentucky in the early history of that State,
where his parents were born. His father was a civil engineer and iron
bridge builder, and during the Mexican War was Adjutant-General of
the State of Ohio.
Mr. Moseley was educated in the public schools, and afterward en-
tered the employ of the Moseley Iron Bridge and Roof Company, of
Boston. Subsequently he engaged in journalism, becoming in 1873
part proprietor of the Norfolk County Gazette, which was established in
Dedhain, Mass., in 1813. He removed to Hyde Park in 1868 and in
1876 became full owner of that newspaper. Mr. Moseley has for many
years been prominent in Hyde Park affairs, having been one of the
Town Auditors and in 1885 and 1887 representative from Hyde Park
to the Massachusetts Legislature, where he served on the Committee on
Railroads both terms. In the 1887 terms he was on the Special Com-
mittee on Investigation of Child Labor, and from 1890 to 1894 was
Postmaster of Hyde Park and was re-appointed by President McKinley
to the same position, which he now holds. Mr. Moseley is a prominent
Mason and Odd Fellow, and a member of the Red Men, the Knights of
Honor, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Hyde Park and
Waverly Clubs of Hyde Park, the Boston Press Club, and the Sea
Serpent Club. He is a stalwart Republican, and a man of much influ-
ence in the councils of the party. He married June 10, 1870, Caroline
M. Brown, of Andover, Mass.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
477
ILSON, HENRY, one of the founders of the Republican party
and Vice-President of the United States from 1873 to 1875,
was born in Farmington, N. H., February 16, 1812. Owing
to the limited circumstances of his parents his educational
advantages were as limited as those of Abraham Lincoln. After work-
ing on the farm all day he spent his evenings in study, and by the time
he had attained his majority he had read nearly every work on Ameri-
can and English history.
Mr. Wilson then went to Boston, and thence to Natick, Mass., where
he was employed in making shoes. He continued, however, to devote
his leisure moments to study and reading. His political life dated
from 1838, when he visited Washington and witnessed the sale of some
slaves at auction. This incident caused him to swear eternal hostility
to the institution of slavery. Returning home, he attended school in
New Hampshire, studying philosophy, rhetoric, and Euclid, and the
following winter taught school at Natick. From 1838 to 1848 he manu-
factured shoes for the Southern market.
In 1840 Mr. Wilson commenced his political career as a public
speaker in the Harrison campaign,
and in the same year was elected
to the Massachusetts Legislature,
where he gave special attention to
the rules of parliamentary practice.
He was a strong advocate of free-
dom and of a liberal policy. In 1843
he was elected to the Massachusetts
Senate, and in the House in 1845
he made one of the ablest speeches
ever delivered before that body. For
two years he conducted the Boston
Republican, which he purchased in
1848, and in 1850 and 1851 he was
Speaker of the State Senate. He was
nominated, but defeated, for Con-
gress in 1852, and in 1853 was a delegate from the towns of Natick
and Berlin to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, in which
he made about one hundred and fifty speeches. In 1855 he was elected
United States Senator for the unexpired term of Edward Everett Hale,
and in the following year delivered his important Kansas speech in the
Senate. He was almost unanimously re-elected to the Senate in 1859,
and in March of the same year made his celebrated speech in defense
of Northern labor.
When the Civil War broke out Mr. Wilson went to work with re-
HENRY WILSON.
478 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
newed energy. He introduced the acts for the employment of five hun-
dred thousand volunteers, for the purchase of arms and ordnance, for
increasing the pay of the privates, etc. In 1861 he enlisted two thou-
sand three hundred men, organized the Massachusetts Twenty-second
Regiment, and as its Colonel conducted it to Washington. He also
introduced the bill for the abolition of slavery in the District of Colum-
bia during the game year and in 1862 the bill for the employment of
colored soldiers; in 1864 he introduced the bill for paying them, and
also that for freeing their wives and children. Mr. Cameron said of
him in 1862 : " No man, in my opinion, has done more to aid the War
Department in preparing the mighty army now under arms."
Mr. Wilson was re-elected to the United States Senate in 1865 and
again in 1871. Through his efforts the system of servitude for debt in
New Mexico was abolished in 3867, and he instituted the Congressional
Temperance Society of Washington in the same year. He went abroad
in the summer of 1871. In 1872 he received the nomination of the Re-
publican party as Vice-President of the United States, and was elected
by a large majority.
His crowning work of life he intended to be " The History of the
Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America," in three volumes. The
first volume, published in 1872, treats of the growth and power of
slavery from its introduction into Virginia in 1620 to the admission of
Texas into the Union as a slave State in 1845. The second volume re-
lates the ominous events and political struggles that convulsed the
country till the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, while the third and
last volume was to be devoted to that series of measures which over-
threw slavery, destroyed the slave power, and reconstructed the Union
on the basis of freedom and equal rights to all. Written through fail-
ing health, it was near its completion when, as Vice-President of the
United States, he died in the Vice-President's room at Washington,
D. C., November 22, 1875.
ILES, JAMES PHILANDER, D.D.S., a prominent dentist of
Watertown and formerly a member of the Massachusetts
Senate, was born in Halifax, Vt, September 30, 1849. He
is a representative of an old and cultured New England
family, his ancestors coming to this country from Wales in 1632. His
great-grandfather, David Niles, served in the Revolutionary War and
was killed in battle at White Plains, N. Y. His grandfather, Oliver
Niles, a native of Stonington, Conn., went to sea when eleven years of
age and later became master of a vessel and engaged in foreign trade.
Nathaniel Niles, son of Oliver Niles and father of Dr. James P. Niles,
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 479
was born in Halifax, Vt, and was brought up to farming. His wi ('t-
was Mary Fish. James Philander Niles attended the public schools of
Halifax and subsequently took a course of study at Shelburne Falls
Academy. He also spent a year in study at North Adams, Mass., and
then entered the Philadelphia Dental College, from which he was grad-
uated in 1871. He then entered upon the practice of his profession in
Albany, N. Y., where he remained for five years. He was subsequently
located for eight years at Ballston Spa, N. Y., and since 1887 has fol-
lowed his profession in Watertown, Mass., with gratifying success.
While residing in Albany Dr. Niles married Catharine Frances Don-
caster, and from this union there are two children : Guy Doncaster and
Will Carleton Niles.
Dr. Niles's political experience began in New York State, where he
held several minor offices. Since coming to Watertown he has rendered
valuable aid to the local Eepublican organization, has held town
offices, and was elected to the Massachusetts Senate in 1895 and 1896.
He was appointed Chairman of the State House Committee and served
on the Committee on Public Health, Drainage, and Towns. Being an
able speaker, he always held the close attention of his colleagues.
Dr. Niles is a member of the Masonic fraternity, holding membership
in the blue lodge in Watertown, the Royal Arch Chapter in Newton,
and Gethsemane Commandery of Knights Templars in Newtonville.
He is also connected with the National Masonic Veterans' Association,
and is an associate member of the Lincoln National Guards and of
Isaac B. Patten Post, No. 81, of Watertown.
UTHER, HENRY C., of Johnston, R. I., was born in Scituate,
in that State, September 25, 1831, and was educated in the
public schools and at Lapham Institute. In February, 1862,
he enlisted in the United States Navy as an ordinary seaman
and was promoted yeoman August 9, 1862. He served on the Ohio,
Penobscot, and Sonoma, and was discharged from the hospital at Nor-
folk, Va., April 15, 1864.
Mr. Luther is an ardent Republican, a prominent and public spirited
citizen, and active in promoting every good movement and every object
which promises to benefit the community. He has served as a member
of the Town Council of Johnston and as School Committeeman of Prov-
idence, and has been a leading advocate of good roads. He believes that
the State should have the maintenance of the main roads of the State.
He has been a Representative to the Rhode Island General Assembly
since May, 1896.
480 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
UTCHIXSON, ISAAC PAUL, one of the foremost and leading
young Republicans of Boston, prominent in the municipal
affairs of that city, a legislator of rare ability in the councils
of the State of Massachusetts, and the author of many meas-
ures far-reaching in their import and of the greatest value to the citi-
zens of his Commonwealth, was born in Cambridge, Mass., February
26, 1860. He is the son of Horatio D. and Harriet S. Hutchinson. On
the 21st day of April, 1884, Mr. Hutchinson married Miss Alice M.
Dane, a native of Oswego, N. Y., and three children have bless?ed their
union, namely: Horatio J., aged thirteen; Linda R., aged eleven; and
Ruth Hutchinson, aged seven, all of whom are bright scholars in the
public schools of Boston.
Mr. Hutchinson's father was graduated from the Harvard Law School
in 1853, and as a lawyer was a leading member of the Suffolk County
bar and for a time was in the office of the Hon. Charles Sumuer. Unfor-
tunately he died when Mr. Hutchinson was but thirteen months old.
In the ancestral line of Mr. Hutchinson's family occur many celebrated
names in history. General Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary fame, and
Governor Hutchinson, one of the first Colonial Governors, are in direct
line on his father's side, while on the mother's side the line runs back
through the old family of the Mathersons to Roger Williams.
Mr. Hutchinson received his education in the public schools of Maine
and at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary. It was inevitable that a man
of his profound convictions and personal ability should take an interest
in politics, and upon attaining his majority he became an earnest ad-
vocate of the principles of the Republican party and one of its strongest
and most persistent members. Mr. Hutchinson was elected to the Bos-
ton Common Council in 1890, serving with integrity and ability. In
1891 he was elected to the Legislature from old Ward 17, and was prom-
inently identified with many important measures, being the author of
the " Hutchinson " Interchangeable Mileage Ticket Law, probably one
of the hardest fought bills by the railroad corporations ever enacted.
In 1894 he was a candidate for the House, but was defeated on account
of the frauds in registration. He at once began a thorough and deter-
mined investigation into the political methods in that part of the city,
the result of which was the purging from the voting lists of many
spurious names, so that from a strongly Democratic ward it became
safely Republican.
In 1895 Mr. Hutchinson was elected to the State Senate, where he
kept up his persistency to bring about honest elections, and was the
author of the law to prevent fraudulent impersonation of voters in
Boston. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1896 and served on the im-
portant Committee on Public Health, of which he was Chairman; on
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
481
the Committee on Ways and Means; on the Committee on Mercantile
Affairs; and was made Chairman of the Special Committee to re-
arrange the Congressional districts. Mr. Hutchinson is the author of
the law providing for a recount of caucus votes, thus securing to every
one an honest count and the preservation of all just rights in every
caucus. He advocated in the Senate that year the bill for a new
eral registration of voters in the city of Boston, and as the President of
the Boston Republican City Committee he had charge of the work of
such new registration for the Republican party; and in the handling of
the campaign that year the city of Boston, always previously a strong
Democratic city, was carried for Hon. William McKiuley for President
and for the Republican candidate for Governor by the great majority of
482 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
substantially 17,000 votes. It is curious to note that when Mr. Hutch-
inson predicted this result before the election he was actually laughed
at by his fellow party workers. He was elected President of the Repub-
lican City Committee two terms from outside its membership and de-
clined to serve a third term. A magnificent ivory gavel, beautifully
cased in morocco, and a diamond stud were presented to him with ap-
propriate resolutions by his fellow members at the time of his retire-
ment. He is a member of the Republican Club of Massachusetts, the
Lincoln Republican Club, and the Marketmen's Republican Club. He
is also a member of the Grand Lodge and Grand Encampment of Odd
Fellows, of the Grand Lodge of Knights of Pythias, and of several other
fraternal and political clubs.
AWRENCE, GEORGE PELTON, of North Adams, Mass., was
born in Adams, before the division of the town, May 19,
1859. He is a grandson of Stephen Lawrence, a native of
Vermont, and the son of Dr. George C. Lawrence, who was
born in Londonderry, Vt., was educated at Oberlin College and at the
Berkshire Medical College, settled in Adams, Mass., in 1848, and there
practiced medicine for forty years, being President of the Berkshire
Medical Society at one time. He married Jane E., daughter of Joseph
K. Pelton, of Great Barrington, Mass., and George Pelton Lawrence
was their eldest child.
George P. Lawrence was graduated from Drury Academy at North
Adams in 1876, and then took a regular course at Amherst College,
graduating with honors and being Grove orator on class day. For
two years he was one of the editors of the Amherst Student. He re-
ceived the degree of A.M. in 1885. Having from early youth a natural
inclination for the law, which was doubtless intensified by the fact that
two of his mother's brothers were lawyers of note, he pursued his legal
studies at the Columbia Law School and with Judge James M. Barker,
of Pittsfield, and was admitted to practice in 1883. Immediately after-
ward he opened an office in North Adams, Mass.
He was appointed Judge of the District Court of Northern Berkshire
in June, 1885, and filled this office with great credit and ability until
1894. At the time of his appointment he was one of the youngest men
who ever held this position in the Commonwealth.
But he was still to have higher honors bestowed upon him. In 1894
he was nominated by the Republican party and elected a member of the
Massachusetts Senate, resigning his office as Judge. He served as
Chairman of the Committee on Street Railways and as a member of the
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 483
Committees on Probate and Insolvency and Agriculture. In 1895 he
was re-elected without opposition, and in January, 1896, was chosen
President of the Senate. In 1896 he was returned to the State Senate
and again chosen President of that body. In the autumn of 1897 Mr.
Lawrence was elected a member of Congress from the First Massachu-
setts District to succeed Hon. Ashley B. Wright, of North Adams, de-
ceased, and was re-elected in 1898, and in that capacity as well as at the
bar has acquitted himself with great credit and honor. In 1899 Will-
iams College conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts in recog-
nition of his public services. He is one of the acknowledged leaders of
the Eepublican party in Western Massachusetts, a man of marked ex-
ecutive ability and force of character, and a most energetic and public-
spirited citizen.
Mr. Lawrence was married June 12, 1889, to Susannah H., daughter
of Colonel John Bracewell, of North Adams, Mass.
AMPBELL, WILLIAM WALLACE, has won for himself a
high reputation for political acumen and clever manage-
ment of details from the opening of the campaign to its
close, and is not only one of the best known Eepublicans in
Massachusetts, but one of the party's ablest and most adroit
workers. He is the son of Edward and Elizabeth Campbell, and was
born in Boston on March 10, 1843. His paternal ancestors came from
Scotland and on the mother's side from the North of Ireland. Several
of these ancestors won distinction in the early wars, and later were
members of the celebrated " Scotch Greys," one of the crack regiments
of Scotland. Religious zeal characterized these people, some of whom
sacrificed their lives or suffered the devastation of their homes on ac-
count of it.
Mr. Campbell attended the public schools of Boston. His first busi-
ness was that of a dealer in furniture. On the breaking out of the
Civil War he enlisted in the Navy and served under Admiral Farragut
at New Orleans, Mobile, and other battles, being attached to the U. S. S.
Oneida, upon which vessel many of the prominent naval officers of the
present day received their first baptism of fire. Captain Gridley, of
Admiral Dewey's flagship, the Olympia, served on the Oneida as en-
sign.
Returning to Boston at the close of the war, with four promotions to
his credit for gallant service, Mr. Campbell was variously occupied,
giving much of his attention to politics, and, being an ardent Repub-
lican, did much to advance the principles of that party in local and
State elections. In 1883 he was appointed a Deputy Sheriff and was
484
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
attached to the Superior Court of Suffolk County, where he is still serv-
ing. For sixteen years he has been a member of the Republican Ward
Committee of the ward in which he lives, and for eight years its Chair-
man. He served for two years on the State Republican Committee, and
organized the first public meeting in Massachusetts in the interest of
WILLIAM W. CAMPBELL.
Hon. James G. Blaine. Mr. Campbell was one of the original organ-
izers of the famous Municipal Club, to which so many of our young and
distinguished statesman have belonged. Few, if any, men in political
life are better known than is Mr. Campbell, and no one has contributed
more labor to the party cause. He is a member of several well-known
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 485
political clubs, and among the leaders of the party his advice and judg-
ment are valuable. Mr. Campbell is a member of Post 15, G. A. R., and
of the Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities. In Masonry he is a mem-
ber of Mount Tabor Lodge, St. John's Chapter, and William Parkman
Commandery of Knights Templars. He is a member of Unity Lodge,
No. 77, 1. O. O. F.
In 1871 Mr. Campbell married Amelia Jane McAllister, and they
have had two children : William Warren K. Campbell and John Archi-
bald Campbell, the latter of whom died in infancy. Mrs. Campbell is a
descendant of the McPhersons and the McAllisters who have been so
long prominently identified with Scottish life and history.
ABPENTEB, NATHANIEL G., of East Greenwich, R. I.,
was born in that State, in the town of North Kingstown,
April 20, 1845. He was educated in the public schools and
at East Greenwich Academy, and at present is a merchant.
At an early age he became interested in politics, and for a number of
years has been a prominent factor in the Republican party in his sec-
tion.
Mr. Carpenter was Overseer of the Poor of East Greenwich for thir-
teen years, a member of the Town Council in 1891 and 1892, and has
been a Councilman since 1897. He has also been a Representative to the
General Assembly of Rhode Island since May, 1898.
ROCKER, CHARLES THOMAS, son of Alvah Crocker and
grandson of Samuel and Comfort (Jones) Crocker, was born
March 2, 1833, in Fitchburg, Mass., where he resides. His
mother was a descendant of the well-known Adams family
and inherited many of their characteristics. Alvah Crocker, his father,
began work in a paper mill in Franklin, N. H., in 1820, and in 1823 was
employed in the same business in Fitchburg. In 1826 he engaged in the
manufacture of paper on his own account, and in 1850 founded the firm
of Crocker, Burbank & Co., which subsequently owned and operated
eight mills. He was also prominent in public affairs, serving in both
branches of the Massachusetts Legislature and being elected to the
Forty-third Congress, dying, however, December 26, 1874, before the
expiration of his term. The Fitchburg Railroad is a monument to his
memory, as is also the construction of the Hoosac Tunnel. He was mar-
ried three times, Charles Thomas Crocker being the son of his first wife,
Abigail Fox.
486 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Charles Thomas Crocker was educated at Groton Academy, at Nor-
wich University, and at Brown University in Providence, R. I., grad-
uating from the latter institution with the degree of Ph.B. He then
associated himself in business with Crocker, Burbank & Co., of Fitch-
burg, one of the largest paper manufacturing firms in New England.
This was in 1854. He has since been actively identified with the busi-
ness of that corporation, building it up until now its output is about
fifty tons of paper per clay. Since the death of his father in 1874 Mr.
Crocker has been the senior member of the firm, to which his sons,
Alvah and Charles Thomas, Jr., and the sons of his cousin, the late
Samuel Crocker, were subsequently admitted to partnership. Mr.
Crocker is a large owner in and President of the Turner's Falls Land
and Water Power Company, of which Alvah Crocker was the first Pres-
ident and instrumental in developing. He is also a director in the Keith
Paper Company, the Montague Paper Company, the John Russell Cut-
lery Company, and the Crocker National Bank, being Vice-President
of the latter, Alvah Crocker being its first President. He is also a stock-
holder in various railway companies and a director of the Fitchburg
and the Vermont and Massachusetts Railroads. Mr. Crocker has large
interests in the cotton and print mills of Fitchburg, aside from his ex-
tensive investments in paper manufacturing and his \vide connection
with railroads. He was Vice-President of the Orswell Mill for ten
years and Vice-President of the Nockege Mill for five years. He as-
sisted in the formation of both of those mills, and has had much to do
with the success which they have attained. He was elected President
of both these corporations in August, 1897, is now President of the
Fitchburg Manufacturing Company, and has also been President of the
Star Worsted Company since its re-organization.
In politics Mr. Crocker has long been prominent and influential, and
notwithstanding his extensive business interests has filled several posi-
tions with great credit and honor. When Fitchburg became a city, in
1873, he accepted the office of Alderman, which he again held in 1877.
In 1879 he was chosen a Representative to the lower branch of the Leg-
islature, and in 1880 was a member of the State Senate from the First
Worcester District. He was placed on the important Committee on
Railroads, where his knowledge of that business gave him great influ-
ence.
Mr. Crocker married, October 14, 1857, Helen Eliza, daughter of Will-
iam Tufts, of Charlestown, Mass. She died leaving six children : Alvah,
Emma Louise (wife of Rev. E. W. Smith), William T. (an Episcopal
clergyman) , Kendal F., Charles T., Jr., and Paul. Mr. Crocker married,
second, Helen T., daughter of Samuel B. Bartow, of Brooklyn, N. Y.,
and they have two children : Edith B. and Bartow.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
487
ARSHALL, STEPHEN MACK, of Boston, one of the active
young members and ardent supporters of the Republican
party, and one who has devoted much time to its welfare
and advancement, was born in Nova Scotia on January 1,
1866, and is the son of James N. S. and Augusta (Mack) Marshall. His
father was decidedly a man of affairs— a lawyer, Queen's counsel,
Judge of Probate, and American Consular Agent for Liverpool, Nova
STEPHEN M. MARSHALL.
Scotia. His paternal ancestors were English, and among them weir
several clergymen of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Marshall's grand-
father was an intimate friend of John Wesley, and was so greatly im-
pressed with Wesley's powerful and earnest preaching that he— a
clergyman of the Established Church — embraced the doctrines taught
by Wesley, and himself came to this country to preach. He was first
located at the Bermuda Islands, and from there came to Halifax, where
488 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
he preached for many years, and where young Marshall's father was
born. The maternal grandfather was a lumberman and extensive mill
owner.
Stephen M. Marshall was educated in the public schools of his native
town and at Acadia College at Wolfville, N. S. Coming in 1881 to
Boston, Mass., where lie has since lived, he learned the trade of a me-
chanic. Mr. Marshall's father was a great political organizer, and the
son bears unmistakable evidence of this trait in his aptness in mastering
the intricacies of some of the political situations in the city of his adop-
tion.
In 1894 he was a candidate for Representative to the General Court
in a strongly Democratic ward and made a gallant fight with the ex-
pected result — defeat. In 1896, 1897, and 1898 he represented his ward
on the Committee of Twenty-five to nominate the Republican ticket for
the Boston School Board. In 1898 he was Secretary of the Tenth Con-
gressional District Republican Committee, serving with skill and effi-
ciency. In 1899 he was elected a member of the Executive Committee
of the Republican State Committee, of which body he is still a member.
In 189(5 he was elected by acclamation a delegate to the National Con-
vention at St. Louis, to represent the Tenth Congressional District.
In all the positions occupied by him, Mi-. Marshall has shown him-
self to be a reliable representative, strong in the faith of Republicanism,
and loyal to the Commonwealth and to his fellow-citizens.
Mr. Marshall is a member of the Knights of Malta, the United Order
of the Golden Cross, and several local social and political organiza-
tions. He is unmarried.
ARKINGTON, RANDALL A., of Warwick, R. I., proprietor of
Rocky Point, was born in the town of Warwick, in that
State, July 31, 1854, and received his education in the pub-
lic and private schools. In politics he is an ardent Repub-
lican and prominent and active in the councils of his party. He has rep-
resented his town in the Rhode Island General Assembly since May,
1894.
ANBORN, JOHN P., a prominent publisher and Republican
of Newport, R. I., was born in Fremont, N. H., on the 9th
of September, 1844. He was graduated from Dartmouth
College in the class of 1869, and soon after taking up his
residence in Rhode Island became a prominent factor in the political
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 489
affairs of the State. He was a Representative to the Rhode Island
General Assembly from May, 1879, to November, 1882, serving as
Speaker of the House from May, 1881, to November, 1882, when he re-
signed to accept an appointment, by President Arthur, as commis-
sioner to examine a portion of the Northern Pacific Railroad. From
1885 to 1886 he was a member of the State Senate.
Mr. Sanborn served as a delegate to the National Republican Con-
ventions of 1880 and 1896. He has been a member of the Newport
School Committee and was one of the commissioners to the World's
Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893 and to the Tennessee Centen-
nial in 1896. In May, 1898, he again became a member of the Rhode
Island House of Representatives.
ONGDON, WILLIAM W., a prominent farmer and Repub-
lican of North Kingstown, R. I., was born in that town on
the 22d of February, 1831. There he received his education
in the public schools. Identifying himself with the Repub-
lican party, he became an active and influential factor in local affairs,
and has served as Deputy Sheriff of Washington County and for three
years as a member of the North Kingstown Town Council. He was a
Representative to the General Assembly from 1894 to 1898, ana in
May, 1898, became a member of the Rhode Island Senate, where he was
placed on the Committees on Printing and Fisheries.
LEBPER, GEORGE THORNDIKE, of Winthrop, Mass., was
born in Dixmont, Penobscot County, Maine, September 15,
1852. His father, Elias P. Sleeper, was a sea captain and
of English descent, while his mother, Eliza A. Sleeper, de-
scended from the noted Thorndike family of New England, the immi-
grant ancestor of whom came from Scotland. One of his ancestors
served as a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and another held an offi-
cial position in the same war and afterward became a Judge in New
Hampshire.
Mr. Sleeper was educated in his native State, attending the South
Thornaston public schools, private schools, and the Eastern State Nor-
mal School at Castine. He commenced the study of law in the office
490
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
of Kice & Hall, of Eocklaud, Me., and also studied with Hon. A. P.
Gould, of Thomaston, and was admitted to the bar of Knox County
before the Supreme Court in 1879. Mr. Sleeper early took an active
interest in political affairs, and at the age of twenty-one was elected'
one of the Selectmen of South Thomaston and was five times honored
with the position, serving two years as Chairman of the board. For
GEORGE T. SLEEPER.
seven years he was Chairman of the Republican Town Committee of his
town. He also served on the County and Congressional Committees.
In 1877 he was nominated for Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court for
Knox County. Although the county was Democratic by several hun-
dred majority, being the strongest Democratic county in Maine, his
opponent, who had held the position for years, received but a few votes
more than he. A short time after election the successful candidate
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 491
died, and Mr. Sleeper was appointed by the Governor and Council to
fill the vacancy and performed the duties of the office to the satisfaction
of the courts and the people, being the youngest man ever having filled
that position in the State. He was at that time but twenty-five years of
age.
In 1883 he went to Minnesota and opened an office in Minneapolis,
where he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court, but the cli-
mate did not agree with him and he returned East. He came to Boston,
Mass., and opened an office, taking up his residence in AYinthrop, where
he has since lived. He has built up a large and successful law practice,
and stands high in his profession, being recognized as a man of marked
ability, sound judgment, and great force of character.
Mr. Sleeper was elected a member of the lower House of the Massa-
chusetts Legislature from Winthrop in 1894, serving in 1895, was re-
elected, and was chosen Clerk of the House of 1896. He served one
year, James W. Kimball securing the position in 1897. Since then Mr.
Sleeper has given his time to the practice of his profession. During the
session of 1895 he served on the Committees on Elections and Probate
and Insolvency. He has been on the stump in a number of State cam-
paigns, is a good speaker, and is well known throughout the Com-
monwealth. In the fall of 1899 he became a prominent candidate for
thy office of State Treasurer. He has always been a Republican, an
active worker in party affairs, and for many years one of the party's
ablesc leaders. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the
Sous of the American Revolution.
Mr. Sleeper was married in South Thomaston, Me., to Ella K. Martin,
who died in 1879. They had two children : Harvey E. and Ethel M.
In 1884 he married Imogene A. Bartlett, by whom he has one son,
Edwin L.
RICE, WALTER, a prominent manufacturing druggist of
Westerly, R. I., and a leading Republican of that section,
was born in Plainfield, Conn., June 18, 1845. His educa-
tion was acquired in the public schools. During the War
of the Rebellion he served three years in Company G, Eighth Connecti-
cut Vchmteers.
In public life Mr. Price has filled several important positions with
the same energy and ability which have characterized his business life.
He was a member of the Westerly Town Council from 1894 to 1898, a
Representative from that town to the Rhode Island General Assembly
from May, 1895, to 1898, and has been a member of the State Senate
since May, 1898.
492
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ODGE, HENRY CABOT, United States Senator from Massa-
chusetts, is the son of John Ellerton Lodge and Anna Cabot
and was born in Boston on May 22, 1850. He attended the
private school of Epes Sargent Dixwell in Boston, was
graduated from Harvard College in 1871, and in October, 1872, after a
European tour, entered the Harvard Law School, from which he was
graduated LL.B. in June, 1874. He was admitted to the Suffolk bar
o '
in April, 1875.' In that
year he began his lectures
on American Colonial His-
tory and on the History of
the United States at Har-
vard University, and con-
tinued them until he re-
signed in May, 1879. In
November, 1879, he was
elected from the Tenth Es-
sex District to the Massa-
chusetts House of Repre-
sentatives by the Republic-
ans, and in 1880 was a
delegate to the Republican
National Convention and
Secretary of the Massachu-
vsetts delegation. His re-
election to the Legislature
also followed.
In 1881 he was a mem-
ber and Chairman of the
Financial Committee of
the Republican State Cen-
tral Committee and in the
same year was defeated for
the State Senate. In 1882
he was prominently men-
tioned for Congress. The next year he became Chairman of the Repub-
lican State Central Committee and successfully brought about the elec-
tion of Governor George D. Robinson over General Benjamin F. Butler.
This signal political victory won for him the election as delegate-at-
large to the Republican National Convention of 1884, and the same
year he was nominated and defeated for member of Congress. He re-
signed the chairmanship of the State Committee in January, 1885, and
in 1886 was elected to Congress and was re-elected in 1888 and again
HENRY C. LODGE.
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY. 493
in 1892. Meanwhile, he had become an Overseer of Harvard Univer-
sity. In the National Honse of Representatives he was the author of
the Federal Elections Bill, became a power on the floor and in the
committees, and was especially influential in the Committees on Naval
Affairs and Elections.
In January, 1893, Mr. Lodge was elected by the Republicans of the
Massachusetts Legislature United States Senator for a term of six years
from March 4th, following, aud in the National Senate he was made
Chairman of the Committee on Printing and a member of the Com-
mittees on Foreign Relations, Civil Service, and Immigration, being
also Chairman of the latter committee two years. In the Senate he
introduced the well-known bill for the restriction of immigration by
the educational test. Senator Lodge was a delegate-at-large to the
Republican National Convention of 1896 and was one of the foremost
supporters of the candidacy of Hon. Thomas B. Reed for the Presi-
dency. He has been active in the campaigns of his party ever since he
entered political life, and in both branches of Congress has achieved
eminence for his strong championship of the United States Navy and
Civil Service Reform, for the restriction of pauper and criminal im-
migration, and for the defense of the integrity of the currency and
credit of the United States.
Senator Lodge is in every sense of the word a " scholar in politics,"
and excepting John Piske is perhaps the best authority on American
history in New England. Prominent in the councils of the Republican
party, in the affairs of his Commonwealth, and in National legislation,
he is also known throughout the United States as a writer and littera-
teur of remarkable ability. He was assistant editor of the Nortli Ameri-
can Review from 1874 to 1876. In December of the latter year he be-
came a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society and in June,
1875, received the degree of Ph.D. from Harvard University for an
essay on " Land Law of the Anglo-Saxons." He was elected a member
of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1878, became editor
of the International Review in March, 1879, and is the author of an
article on Albert Gallatiu in the Encyclopaedia Britannica. A mass of
occasional articles from his pen may also be found in nearly all first-
class magazines and reviews in America. He is the author of a " Short
History of the English Colonies in America," 1881; " Life of Alexander
Hamilton," 1882; " Life of Daniel Webster," 1883; a series of essays
entitled "Studies in History," 1886; "Life of Washington," 1889;
" History of Boston," 1891; " The Story of the Revolution," 1898; and
" The War with Spain," 1899; together with numerous other articles,
reviews, essays, etc., including many contributions to " juvenile " liter-
494 HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
ature and an address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard
University. He has resided in Nahant, Mass., since 1871.
Senator Lodge has achieved distinction and eminence in the twofold
capacity of statesman and writer, and as a leader of the Republican
party is known throughout the United States. Perhaps the best ex-
ample of his political achievements, and especially of his attitude on
the currency question, is the following from the pen of a well-known
New Englander:
" In 1896 the American people divided on a question of currency.
The Democratic party in Chicago declared for the full and unlimited
coinage of silver at the ratio of sixteen to one. The Populist party
agreed with the Democratic party. Half of the Prohibitionists joined
with them, and State after State that owed its very existence to the
Republican party hastened to leave it and declare for repudiation.
This crisis in our national history was precipitated because the Repub-
lican party took its courage in both hands at the national convention
at St. Louis, and squarely declared for the payments in full of all debts
of the nation as contracted, and for the maintenance of the existing
gold standard of our currency, the standard of every great nation of the
world. The State whose delegation did this was Massachusetts, and
the man who led the State was Henry Cabot Lodge."
Senator Lodge was married June 29, 1871, to Miss Anna Cabot Davis,
daughter of Rear-Admiral Charles H. Davis, and their eldest child, a
daughter, was the first child born to a member of the Harvard class of
1871 and received the class cradle. They also have two sons, George
Cabot and John Ellerton Lodge.
RADLEE, JOHN WALTER, was born, January 27, 1867, in
Milton, Mass., where he still resides. He is the son of J.
Walter Bradlee, a prominent real estate dealer and auc-
tioneer, and Nellie M. Morse, and on his father's side is
descended from English ancestors who settled in Dorchester, Mass., at
a very early day. His paternal great-grandfather, Captain John Brad-
lee, led the first military company which went from Dorchester to
Bunker Hill in June, 1775. The Morses are also of English descent,
and are connected with the Barbour family, of which Captain George
Barbour, of Colonial times, was a conspicuous member.
Mr. Bradlee attended the Milton public schools and Bryant and
Stratton's Commercial College of Boston, and for four years was
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
495
engaged in the boot and shoe business as a traveling salesman for the
house of Hosmer, Codding & Co., of Boston. For four years he was
Assistant Superintendent of the Milton Police Department. Upon
the death of his father, who had served two terms in the Massa-
chusetts Legislature, Mr. Bradlee succeeded to the latter's real estate
business in Milton and Dorchester, and since then he has devoted
himself to the sale and care of various properties. Like all of his
J. WALTER BRADLEE.
family he is an ardent Kepublican, and in the party he has been active
and prominent. He was a member of the Board of Assessors of Milton
in 1895 and 1896 and chairman of the Board of Selectmen in 1898, and
is secretary of the Norfolk County Republican Committee and chair-
man of the Republican Town Committee of Milton. He is a member
of the Masonic order and also of the Norfolk Club of Boston, of which
his father was a founder.
496
HISTORY OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY.
Mr. Bradlee was married in May, 1888, to Miss Clara F. Lyons, and
has four children : John Benjamin, Robert Sheldon, Ernest Atherton,
and Eleanor Bradford Bradlee.
HILSON, LE ROY L., of Woonsocket, R. I., was born in Bel-
lingham, Mass., August 20, 1833, and received his education
in public and select schools. Subsequently he taught school
for twelve years with marked success. He finally settled in
Woonsocket, R. I., where he has long been engaged in business as a
merchant, and where he has served on the School Committee for about
twenty-one years, being Chairman about nine years. He was a Repre-
sentative to the Rhode Island General Assembly from 1885 to 1887, and
in May, 1897, became State Senator. As a Republican, Senator Chil-
son has been active and influential in party affairs. He is prominent
in public and business matters, and widely respected and esteemed.
TUDLEY, J. EDWARD, President and Treasurer of the
William II. Low Estate Company, of Providence, R. I., was
born in AVovcester. Mass., on the 13th of November, 1852,
and received a ptiblic school education. Mr. Studley has
taken an active interest in public affairs, and as a Republican has held
several important positions. He is a member of the Commission on the
John Waterman Memorial and Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Governor
Elisha Dyer. From May, 1894, to May, 1898, he was a Representative to
the Rhode Island General Assembly, being Speaker of the House from
May, 1897, to May, 1898. Since the latter date he has been a member
of the State Senate.
INDEX.
Adams, James 205
Abbott, John Hammill, M.I) 323
Albin, John Henry 334
Aldrich, Nelson Wilmarth 372
Allen, Amos Lawrence 10
Allen, Ira R 239
Ames, William 346
Anthony, Andrew Jackson 298
Anthony, Henry Frank 298
Apsley, Lewis Dewart 394
Arnold, Warren O 296
Armstrong, George Ernest. . 447
Ashley, Stephen Barnaby 470
Atherton, Horace H 449
Atwood, Charles Edward 57
Austin, Arthur E 373
Babbitt, George H . . . 236
Babcock, Albert S 435
Baker, Albert Allison 343
Baker, Henry Moore 332
Baker, Joel Clarke 265
Banner, Bennington 218
Barber, Orion M 247
Barker, Forrest Edson 289
Harker, Henry Rodman 415
Bartholomew, Andrew Jackson 399
Bartlett, Jonathan B. L 391
Batchelder, Alfred Trask. 316
Batchelder, James Kendrick 270
Baxter, James Phinney 185
Heal, George La Fayette 32
Bennett, James William 376
Bennington Banner 218
Bird, Maynard S 65
Bisbee, Edward Wyatt 254
Blaine, James Gillespie 1
Blanchard, Cyrus Nathan 133
Blaney, Osgood Chandler 308
Blodgett, William Wentworth 430
Blunt, Albert Gallatin 145
Bodwell, Joseph Fox 157
Borden, Simeon 303
Bourn, Augustus Osborn 454
Boutelle, Charles Addison 184
Boyd, Byron 28
Brackett, John Quincy Adams 273
Bradlee, John Walter 494
Brayton, Charles Ray 340
Briggs, Frank Herbert 102
Briggs, George Tyler
Brock, James Walter
Brown, Daniel Russell
Brown, Elisha Rhodes
Brown, James
Brown, John Bundy
Brown, John Marshall
Brown, Joseph Green
Brown, Rufus Everson
Bull, Melville
Burdett, Joseph Oliver
Burleigh, Edwin Chick
Burleigh, Lewis Albert
Butler, William Morgan
Caledonian, The
Campbell, William Wallace
Carpenter, Nathaniel G
Carver, Leonard Dwight
Chadwick, William Perry
Chagnon, Charles Emile, M.D
Chamberlain, David Blaisdell
Chamberlain, Joshua Lawrence, LL.D..
Chamberlain, Loyed Ellis
Chamberlin, Henry H
Chandler, William Eaton
Chapin, Arthur
Chase, Henry Adams
Chase, Frederick Virgil
Cheney, Person Colby
Childs, Edwin Otis
Childs, George Theodore
Chilson, Le Roy L
Clark, Elisha Edwin
Clark, Osman D
Clark, Walter Emerson
Clason, Oliver Barrett
Cleaves, Henry Bradstreet
Clough, William Rockwell
Cole, Samuel
Congdon, William W
Connor, Selden, LL.D
Cook, Charles Sunnier
Cook, Louis Atwood
Cook, Obadiah Gould
Courant, Hartford
Cousens, Lyman M
Cowee, Byron J ,
Crane, Robert Bruce
Crane, Winthrop Murray
PAGE
293
243
370
292
303
66
G7
261
235
465
472
7
202
282
239
483
485
191
423
328
445
58
418
203
291
131
286
38
419
428
230
496
18
258
39
103
4
321
430
489
1(55
91
374
89
225
174
459
474
353
INDEX.
I'AGE
Crocker, Charles Thomas 485
Crompton, George 381
Cross, Lewis Bartlett 245
Gushing, Henry Greenwood 36C
Cushman, Ara 120
Cushman, Harry Thayer 222
Daily Messenger, St. Albans 230
Davenport, William Nathaniel 407
Davis, Daniel Franklin 183
Davis, William Warren 314
Dawes, Henry Laurens 441
Day, Alhert Ruf us 144
De Boer, Joseph Arencl 271
Denny, Charles Addison 446
Derhy, Buel John 259
Despeaux, Oreu Trask 94
Dickinson, Watson Augustus 319
Dingley, Frank Lambert 88
Dingley, Nelson - 75
Donnell, William Thomas 125
Dow, Frederick Neal 198
Drunniioiid, Josiah Hayden, A.M.,LL.D. 49
Drummond, Josiah Hayden, Jr 56
Draper, George Albert 288
Drew, Franklin Mellen 115
Drown, Benjamin 437
Drowne, Thomas R 435
Dubois, Edward Church 456
Dudley, Lewis O 196
Dyer, Elisha 294
Easton, Frederick W 437
Edgerly, Frank Gilman 275
Edmunds, George Franklin 48
Ellis, Bertram . 396
Estey, Julius Jacob 232
Evans, George Sylvanus 320
Fairbanks, Joseph Woodman 123
Farmer, Maine 27
Fernald, Benjamin Marvin 320
Fernald, Bert M 205
Fessenden, William Pitt, LL.D 179
Fiske, John Thomas, Jr 301
Fournier, John M 410
French, James Edward 272
Frye, William Pierce, LL.D 438
George, Samuel Wesley 324
GUI, James D 402
Gillett, Frederick Huntingdon 417
Gladding, Royal Henry 358
Goetting, A. H 404
Goodwin, Almon Kent ... 451
Gove, William Henry 351
Greene, Charles J 434
Greene, Jeremiah Evarts 274
Grindle, Rufus P., M.D 203
Grout, William W 215
Grover, Thomas Elwoo'l 288
Haines, William T . 95
Hale, Clarence 73
Hale, Eugene, LL.D. .. 86
Hall, Dwight 399
Hamlin, Charles 206
Hamlin, Hannibal 34
I la in I in. Hannibal Emery 201
Hanaford, James Boardman, M.D. . . . 412
Hargraves, Frank H 203
Harmon, Charles Billings 133
Harrington, Randall A 488
Harris, Nathan Willard, Ph.D 110
Harris, Robert Orr 315
Hartford Courant 225
Harwood, Albert Leslie 389
Hawley, Joseph Roswell, LL.D 224
Haynes, John Cummings 285
Haynes, Tilly 305
Hay ward, William Edwin 324
Heald, Perham S 196
Hewett, James Henry Hobbs 24
Hill, John Fremont, M.D 152
Hoar, George Frisbie 79
Holdeu, Frank Eugene 359
Holden, John Stedman 219
Holton, Henry Dwight, A.M., M.D. . 211
Holton, William Henry Harrison .... 253
Hopkins, William Smith 358
Horton, Jeremiah W 468
Horton, Royal Dexter 344
Houghton, James Clay 231
Howard, Henry 458
Rowland, Fred Arthur 243
Huse, Hiram Augustus 178
Huskins, George Ellis ... 130
Hutchins, Charles Henry 383
Hutchiuson, Isaac Paul 480
Hyde, Edward Warden 151
Hyde, John Sedgwick 151
Hyde, Thomas Worcester 148
Ingraham, William Hutchins 406
INDEX.
limes, Charles Hiller 310
Jackson, Amos Messer, M.D 379
Jewell, Denny Kelly 171
Johnson, Iver 368
Jones, Edward Clarence 177
Jones, Erastus 403
Journal, Lewiston 76
Keith, George E 386
Kennebec Journal 9
Kennett, Alpheus Crosby 425
Kimball, Edward Payson 475
Kimball, John Hazen 169
Knowlton, Hosea M 452
Knox, William Shadrach 350
Ladd, Herbert Warren 461
Lane, Samuel Worcester 13
Larrabee, Seth L 121
Lawrence, George Pelton 482
Lawrence, William Badger 325
Leigh, Thomas 16
Lewando, Joseph 318
Lewiston Journal 76
Libby, George 132
Libby, George Henry 97
Lincoln, Leontine 348
Little, Albion 100
Little, Frank Hall 146
Littlefield, Charles Edgar 44
Locke, Joseph Alvah 113
Lodge, Henry Cabot 492
Long, John Davis, LL.D 421
Lounsbury, George E 338
Lovering, William Croade 310
Luther, Henry C 479
Lyman, Elias 244
Lyman, George Hinckley 276
Macomber, George Ellison 138
Mailhot, Louis Lucien, M.D 332
Maine Farmer 27
Manley, Joseph Homau 26
Marble, Sebastian Streeter 209
Marshall, Stephen Mack 487
Martin, William Pierce 374
Mason, William Collins 345
Maxcy, Josiah Smith 126
McCall, Samuel Walker 419
McCann, George Edward 194
McClellan, John Edward 409
McCullough, John Griffith 267
Melcher, Holman Staples 116
Merrifield, John Hastings 263
Merrill, Edward Newton 194
Merrill, Milton L 200
Merrill, William Harvey 281
Messenger, St. Albans 230
Miller, Frank Burton 98
Milliken, Weston Freeman 104
Moies, Charles Parmenter 363
Moody, William Henry 385
Moore, Carroll A 251
Moore, William Henry 293
Morrill, Justin Smith, M.A., LL.D. . . 21
Morrill, Lot Myrick 181
Moseley, Samuel Robert 476
Moses, Charles Malcolm 20
Moulton, George, Jr 143
Mowry, Arlon 329
Newell, Oscar Alonzo 337
Newell, William 337
Niles, James Philander, D.D.S 478
Norris, Howes 278
Olin, William Milo 450
Osgood, Henry Smith 167
Paige, Calvin DeWitt 431
Parkhurst, Frederic Hale Ill
Patten, Freeman 105
Peabody, Daniel Putnam 235
Peck, Samuel Luther 339
Pendleton, James Monroe 460
Pennell, Frank Pierce 142
Pennell, William Dwight 154
Peters, John Andrew, LL.D 210
Philbrook, Warren Coffin 178
Platt, Orville Hitchcock, LL.D 229
Plummer, Stanley. 196
Porter, Fred Avery 190
Potter, Barrett 127
Powers, Horace Henry 217
Powers, Llewellyn . 207
Powers, Wilbur Howard 405
Pratt, Herbert Leander 170
Price, Walter 491
Proctor, Fletcher Dutton 85
Proctor, Redfield 83
Pulsifer, Augustus Moses 163
Randall, Charles Henry 189
Read, John 373
Read, Lavant Murray 252
INDEX.
Read, Walter Allen ' 436
Reed, George Augustus 365
Reed, Silas Dean 390
Reed, Thomas Braekett. 468
Reoch, Robert 456
Reynolds, Edward Clayton 201
Richards, John Tudor 107
Robie, Frederick 35
Robinson, Frank W 23
Rollins, Frank West 425
Rotch, William 386
Russell, Parley Asa 411
Ryder, Herbert Daniel 257
Ryder, Nathaniel F . 450
Safford, George Alden 134
Sampson, William Wallace 355
Sawyer, Daniel J 200
Sanborn, John P. 488
Sawyer, Reuben Kinsman 302
Seiders, George Melville 29
Sewall, Harold Marsh 43
Shedd, Lorenzo William 234
Sheldon, John Alexander 237
Shepherd, Herbert Leslie 1 72
Shepherd, Russell Benjamin 140
Simpkins, John 431
Sleeper, George Thorndike 489
Small, John Chase 161
Smith, Charles Plimpton 260
Smith, Edward Curtis 216
Smith, George Edwin 453
Smith, George Lewis 459
Smith, Hillman 11
Smith, Joseph Otis 128
Somerset Reporter . 128
Soule, Rufus Albertson 353
Spanlding, Timothy Gridley 471
Spear, Albert Moore 119
Stackpole, William 17
St. Albans Daily Messenger 230
Stafford, Wendell Phillips 261
Stearns, Louis C 207
Stetson, Isaiah Kidder 197
Stevens, Greenlief Thurlow 69
Stillson, Henry Leonard . 220
Stone, Charles Marshall 239
Stranahan, Farrand Stewart 223
Streeter, Frank Sherwin 397
Strout, Charles Augustus 42
Studley, J. Edward 496
Sulloway, Cyrus Adams 414
Simmer, Charles 413
Surbridge, Randolph Cassius 380
Taft, Elihu Barber. 263
Taft, Royal Chapin 296
Talbot, Thomas , . 444
Taylor, James 283
Thayer, Philo Elisha 357
The Benniugton Banner 218
The Caledonian 239
Thomas, William Widgery, Jr 204
Thompson, Jesse Eugene, M.D 269
Thorp, E. H 258
Tiepke, Henry Edwin 360
Timberlake, Fremont Ernest 208
Townsend, Charles Edward 112
True, Charles Augustus 193
True, Norman 1 29
Turner, John D 331
Twombly, H. F 474
Utter, George Herbert 362
Valentine, Alonzo Buckingham 249
Valentine, Joel 248
Van Patten, William James 241
Vickery, Peleg Orison 136
Virgin, Harry Rust 141
Walker, Reuben Eugene 417
Ward, A. Herbert 464
Warren, John Ebenezer ... 159
Washburn, Albert Henry 401
Watson, Alfred Edwin 255
Watson, Edwin Lucius 304
Waugh, William Wallace 281
Webb, Richard 147
Webster, Dan Peaslee, M.D 246
Wedgwood, Milton Curtis, M.D 93
Whitcomb, George Henry 309
White, Alden Perley 278
Whitehouse, Francis Clark 166
Whiting, William 426
Wilcox, Andrew Jackson 345
Williams, Appleton P 287
Wilson, Henry 477
Wolcott, Roger 40
Woodman, Charles Babb 1 75
Woods, John Carter Brown 299
'
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