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LESSONS IN ENGLISH
FOR FOREIGN WOMEN
For Use in Settlements
and Evening Schools
BY
RUTH AUSTIN
NEW YORK- :• CINCINNATI .:-CHICAGO
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY
RUTH AUSTIN
COPYRIGHT, 1913, IN GREAT BRITAIN
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
FOR FOREIGN WOMEN
TO
MY SILENT PARTNERS
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
As the problems which arise in teaching English
to the adult foreigner differ greatly from the prob-
lems which confront the teacher of the foreign
child, so must the method of teaching differ also.
Dr. Peter Roberts, in his lessons in " English for
Foreigners," has so fully covered the ground for
men, that in this book I have confined myself solely
to lessons for women, adapting, however, many of
Dr. Roberts's methods of teaching.
The working woman, whose eager desire to learn
English is shown by her regular attendance in class
after a hard day's work in the factory or over a cook
stove, has usually another strong motive for coming
which is quite apart from that of gaining a knowl-
edge of the language. It is a longing for socia-
bility, and this longing, sympathetically understood,
is the basis upon which a successful teacher of
English meets her class.
She must plan each lesson hour to meet the
needs of the particular group coming at that time.
The teacher must take into consideration the
national characteristics as well as the home life and
6 INTRODUCTORY NOTE
daily work of the members, then seek to relate the
lesson to their experiences.
For instance, in the lesson on " A Day's Clean-
ing," asking questions of each pupil as to her
methods of cleaning and of doing housework will
help to make the lesson a means of self-expression.
A teacher must make her group feel that she is
interested in them as individuals, and that their
experiences are of value. To do this, she must
encourage every effort on the part of each pupil to
express herself, regardless of crudity.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY NOTE ....
METHOD OF TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN
THE ALPHABET
NUMBERS
Conversational Exercise.
Conversational Exercise.
Conversational Exercise.
Lesson I .
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
MY BODY .
MY HEAD AND FACE
A ROOM .
GETTING DRESSED IN THE MORNING
GOING TO WORK ....
A DAY'S CLEANING
A DAY'S WORK AT WASHING
Lesson 5. A DAY'S WORK IN A CIGAR FACTORY
Lesson 6. A DAY'S SHOPPING
Lesson 7. A VISIT TO THE SCHOOL
Lesson 8. THE SETTLEMENT ....
Lesson 9. NEW YORK CITY ....
Lesson 10. TIME
Lesson n. DAYS IN THE WEEK
Lesson 12. MONTHS IN THE YEAR .
Lesson 13. THE SEASONS ....
Poetry. COLORS — Christina Rossetti .
Lesson 14. FRUITS AND COLORS
Lesson 15. A WEEK'S WORK AT HOME .
Poetry. THE SEASONS
Poetry. FIVE LITTLE WHITE HEADS .
Poetry. SUMMER DAYS ....
PAGE
9
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20
21
22
23
25
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29
32
34
37
39
42
45
48
49
5°
5i
52
53
55
60
61
61
8
CONTENTS
ri\\JCt
Lesson 16. A LOAF OF BREAD 62
Lesson 17. THE FARM 63
Lesson 18. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES .... 65
Poetry. THE PEACH — Christina Rossetti ... 66
Lesson 19. THE FOOD WE EAT . • . . . .67
Poetry. THANKSGIVING — M. E. Sangster ... 69
Poetry. THANKSGIVING — Unknown .... 69
Poetry. A PANCAKE — Christina Rossetti ... 69
Lesson 20. A GOOD FACTORY 70
Lesson 21. THE CLOTHES WE WEAR 72
Lesson 22. THE MEAT MARKET 74
Lesson 23. THE DAIRY STORE ...... 76
Lesson 24. THE GROCERY STORE 79
Lesson 25. THE HARDWARE STORE 82
Lesson 26. THE FLOWER STORE 84
Lesson 27. CLEAN STREETS .86
Lesson 28. THE KINDERGARTEN 88
Lesson 29. PUBLIC SCHOOL CENTERS .... 90
Lesson 30. MOVING PICTURE SHOWS 93
Poetry. PLAYTIME — Gabriel Setoun .... 95
Lesson 31. GOING ON A PICNIC 96
Lesson 32. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY 98
Poetry. THE RAINBOW 101
Lesson 33. NEWSPAPERS 102
Lesson 34. COMING TO AMERICA 105
Lesson 35. THE IMMIGRATION SOCIETY .... ^07
Lesson 36. SOME OF THE SOCIETIES WHICH HELP PEOPLE 109
Poetry. THE BLACKSMITH . . •,-..'• • . m
Lesson 37. GETTING WORKING PAPERS . . . .112
For Reference. SUMMARY OF LABOR LAWS . . . .114
Cradle Song. HUSHABY BABY 120
CONTENTS
Cradle Song. SLEEP, BABY, SLEEP
Cradle Song. SWEET AND Low — Alfred Tennyson
Cradle Song. Now THE DAY is OVER ....
Lesson 38. THE TRADE SCHOOL . . .
Poetry. THE WIND— Christina Rossetti .
Lesson 39. SPRINGTIME IN THE COUNTRY .
Verses. THE SECRET
Verses. THE DEAR OLD WOMAN ....
Lesson 40. BERTHA'S VACATION
Lesson 41. WHAT THE DOCTOR TOLD MRS. MASON .
Lesson 42. THE PROBATION OFFICER . .
Lesson 43. THE TEN FAIRIES
Poetry. A POEM TO BE READ — H. C. Bunner
Lesson 44. THE GARCIA FAMILY
Poetry. TWINKLE, TWINKLE, LITTLE STAR .
Poetry. " FERRY ME " — Christina Rossetti
Poetry. THE LEAVES AND THE WIND — George Cooper
Poetry. PIPPA PASSES — Robert Browning
Poetry. WHEN THE LITTLE BOY RAN AWAY .
Poetry. AMERICA — 6". F. Smith ....
PAGE
120
121
121
122
127
128
I32
137
I4O
145
147
149
154
154
155
IS6
I56
I58
METHOD OF TEACHING ENGLISH
TO WOMEN
IN this book I have given a sequence of lessons
beginning with " Getting Dressed in the Morning,"
and it has usually been found practical to have a
class begin with this first lesson, using the lessons
entitled u My Body," " A Room," etc., as conversa-
tional exercises, after the regular lessons.
With some nationalities, however, the lesson on
" Getting Dressed in the Morning " may seem en-
tirely too difficult at first, and, if so, the more simple
lessons on " My Body," etc., may be given, using
the same method of teaching.
The teacher should be able to give the first les-
sons entirely from memory, thus being free to
suit the action to the word throughout the lesson,
and, if possible, to illustrate each point by the use
of objects. The teacher should arrange with her
pupils the hours when they will be most free to
meet. This will often depend upon the kind of
work they are doing, and the locality in which
they live.
The number of classes held for each group dur-
ing the week must vary with their needs and the
12 TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN
time which they can give to class work. Ordina-
rily, two periods a week for each group have proved
satisfactory.
The other points which seem especially worth
emphasizing are these:
Never keep the class longer than one hour.
(This does not apply to social gatherings, of
course.)
Do not insist on absolutely correct pronunciation
with older women.
Remember that correct grammar is good, but not
essential.
Use pictures to illustrate your point when it is
not possible to obtain objects.
Use all kiqds of games to give variety and the
social element needed to make the lesson interest-
ing. For example, the question and answer game :
Pupil No. i asks Pupil No. 2 this question, " What
did you do to-day?" Pupil No.. 2 answers, "I did
my washing to-day," then asks a question of Pupil
No. 3, etc.
The teacher may have to suggest each question
until the pupils understand what is expected of them.
Finding all the words in the lesson beginning
with A or B, and going through the alphabet, is
helpful.
Later use the children's game of cardboard let-
ters, giving each pupil a few letters and asking
TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN 13
them to make words; perhaps offering a prize for
the longest list will stimulate interest.
Pictures illustrating familiar activities may be
given to the class to describe, asking them to tell
the name of each object in the picture and its uses.
Ask the pupils to write a list of the furniture in
their rooms at home, and to bring it to the class
next day.
The stories in this book can be given as reading
lessons, and after a time should be supplemented by
other simple stories of interest to them.
Any desire which will lead to self-expression on
the part of the pupils helps to give them a command
of the English language.
Close the lesson hour with a simple game, such as
"Musical Chairs," or "Jolly is the Miller"; any
game in fact which may be learned through imita-
tion. The class will go home with a sense of hav-
ing not only "learned something," but of having
gratified their social instinct.
Arrange to have purely social afternoons or
evenings, occasionally.
It will mean much to a homesick, foreign woman
to dance her national dances and sing her own folk
songs ; for these alone stand as connecting links
between the old world and the new, and it will
mean that in the process of adjustment to a new
environment she has not lost her identity.
14 TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN
These general suggestions can of course be en-
larged upon according to the interest and ability of
the class and of the teacher.
The following lesson, given in detail, shows the
method to be used in teaching the lessons in this
textbook, and to gain the best results this method
must be followed closely.
Explain carefully the subject of the lesson to the
class, but do not allow the textbooks to be opened
until the lesson has been committed to memory.
LESSON No. i
GETTING DRESSED IN THE MORNING
Teacher: I hear the clock strike. (Listens.)
Class repeats: I hear the clock strike.
Teacher: One ! Two ! Three ! Four ! Five ! Six !
(Motions.)
Class: One! Two! Three! Four! Five! Six!
Teacher: It is six o'clock. (Holds up six fingers.)
Class: It is six o'clock.
Teacher and Class together:
I hear the clock strike.
One ! Two ! Three ! Four ! Five I Six !
It is six o'clock.
Class repeats alone until they have memorized.
Teacher: It is time to get up.
Class: It is time to get up.
TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN 15
Teacher: I turn back the bedclothes. (Motions.)
Class: I turn back the bedclothes.
Teacher: I get out of bed. (Motions.)
Class: I get out of bed.
Teacher and Class repeat:
It is time to get up.
I turn back the bedclothes.
I get out of bed.
Class repeats alone.
Teacher and Class begin at the beginning and repeat:
I hear the clock strike.
One ! Two ! Three ! Four ! Five ! Six !
It is six o'clock.
It is time to get up.
I turn back the bedclothes.
I get out of bed.
Class repeats until all have memorized.
Teacher: I wash my face and hands. (Motions.)
Class: I wash my face and hands.
Teacher: I comb my hair. (Motions.)
Class: I comb my hair.
Teacher: I put on my stockings and shoes. (Mo-
tions.)
Class: I put on my stockings and shoes.
Teacher and Class together:
I wash my face and hands.
I comb my hair.
I put on my stockings and shoes.
16 TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN
Class repeats alone.
Teacher and Class repeat from beginning:
I hear the clock strike.
One! Two! Three! Four! Five! Six!
It is six o'clock.
It is time to get up.
I turn back the bedclothes.
I get out of bed.
I wash my face and hands.
I comb my hair.
I put on my stockings and shoes.
Class repeats alone until memorized.
Teacher: I put on my clothes. (Motions.)
Class: I put on my clothes.
Teacher: I open my bedroom door. (Motions.)
Class: I open my bedroom door.
Teacher: I go into the kitchen.
Class: I go into the kitchen.
Teacher and Class repeat together:
I put on my clothes.
I open my bedroom door.
I go into the kitchen.
Class repeats alone.
Teacher and Class repeat from beginning:
I hear the clock strike.
One ! Two ! Three ! Four ! Five ! Six
It is six o'clock.
It is time to get up.
TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN 17
I turn back the bedclothes.
I get out of bed.
I wash my face and hands.
I comb my hair. .
I put on my stockings and shoes.
I put on my clothes.
I open my bedroom door.
I go into the kitchen.
Class repeats until entire lesson is committed to
memory.
The textbooks may then be opened, and the les-
son should be read aloud several times by the entire
class, and, if the class is not too large, each member
may read the lesson through alone.
Use the memory exercise as an oral drill, asking
the meaning of different words, then ask the pupils
to write the exercise and lesson at home, bringing
the work to their next class to be corrected.
Example of Memory Exercise
Question from memory exercise, i. What do I
hear ?
Answer from lesson, i. I hear the clock strike
six.
Question from memory exercise. 2. How many
times does the clock strike ?
Answer from lesson. 2. One ! Two ! Three !
Four ! Five ! Six ! etc.
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 2
1 8 TEACHING ENGLISH TO WOMEN
If the class does not seem to understand from the
oral drill just what they are to write at home, a
blackboard copy will prove helpful.
The main point to be considered in teaching
English to foreigners is to gain and hold their in-
terest even at the expense of perfect work, knowing
that as they grow more self-confident and alert
through expression, the quality of the work will
improve.
It must be remembered, however, that although
progress seems slow in an adult class, the very
effort which the members make to attend the vari-
ous sessions is in itself a victory; and that results
cannot be measured by the same standards used in
work with a younger generation.
THE ALPHABET
A
a
N
n
B
b
O
o
C
c
P
P
D
d
Q
q
E
e
R
r
F
f
S
s
G
g
T
t
H
h
U
u
I
i
V
V
J
J
W
W
K
k
X
X
L
1
Y
y
M
m
Z
Z
NUMBERS
I
One
20
Twenty
2
Two
25
Twenty-five
3
Three
30
Thirty
4
Four
35
Thirty- five
5
Five
40
Forty
6
Six
45
Forty-five
7
Seven
50
Fifty
8
Eight
55
Fifty-five
9
Nine
60
Sixty
10
Ten
65
Sixty-five
1 1
Eleven
70
Seventy
12
Twelve
75
Seventy-five
13
Thirteen
80
Eighty
14
Fourteen
85
Eighty-five
15
Fifteen
90
Ninety
16
Sixteen
95
Ninety-five
17
Seventeen
IOO
One hundred
18
Eighteen
500
Five hundred
iQ
Nineteen
IOOO
One thousanc
CONVERSATIONAL EXERCISES
MY BODY
1. I have one head. 7. I have two hands.
2. I have two eyes. 8. I have ten fingers.
3. I have two ears. 9. I have two legs.
4. I have one mouth. 10. I have two feet.
5. I have one nose. 1 1. I have ten toes.
6. I have two arms. 12. I have two elbows.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. How many heads have I?
2. How many eyes have I?
3. How many ears have I?
4. How many mouths have I?
5. How many no£es have I ?
6. How many arms have I?
NOTE. — Use memory exercises as oral drill in class, then have
pupils copy both lesson and memory exercise literally, at home, as a
writing lesson to be corrected at the next class hour.
Example. — How many heads have I ?
I have one head.
How many eyes have I ?
I have two eyes.
2J
22 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
7. How many hands have I?
8. How many fingers have I?
9. How many legs have I?
10. How many feet have I?
1 1. How many toes have I?
12. How many elbows have I?
MY HEAD AND FACE
1. My head is on my body.
2. My tongue is in my mouth.
-3. My teeth are in my mouth.
4. My ears are on my head.
5. My eyes are in my head.
6. My nose is on my face.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where is my head?
2. Where is my tongue?
3. Where are my teeth?
4. Where are my ears?
5. Where are my eyes?
6. Where is my nose?
NOTE. — Teacher should ask pupils to point to head, nose, ears,
etc. When these are named, make sure they understand.
CONVERSATIONAL EXERCISES
A ROOM
1. We are in a room.
2. The room has four walls.
3. The room has a floor.
4. The room has a ceiling.
5. There are two windows in the room.
6. The windows are made of glass.
7. There is one door in the room.
8. The door is made of wood.
Q. There is a table in the room.
24 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
10. The table is made of wood.
1 1. The table is square.
1 2. The table has four legs.
13. There are five chairs in the room.
14. The chairs are made of wood.
15. There are pictures in the room.
1 6. They are hanging on the walls.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where are we?
2. How many walls has a room?
3. Has the room a floor?
4. Has the room a ceiling?
5. What are the sides of the room called?
6. How many windows are in the room?
7. How many doors are in the room?
8. Of what is the door made?
9. Is there a table in the room?
10. Of what is the table made?
11. Is the table square?
12. How many legs has the table?
13. How many chairs are in the room?
14. Of what are the chairs made?
15. Are there any pictures in the room?
1 6. Where are they hanging?
LESSONS IN READING AND
CONVERSATION
LESSON 1
GETTING DRESSED IN THE MORNING
1. I hear the clock strike.
2. One ! Two ! Three ! Four ! Five
Six!
3. It is six o'clock.
4. It is time to get up.
25
26 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
5. I turn back the bedclothes.
6. I get out of bed.
7. I wash my face and hands.
8. I comb my hair,
9. I put on my stockings and shoes.
10. I put on my clothes.
n. I open my bedroom door.
12. I go into the kitchen.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What do I hear?
2. How many times does the clock strike?
3. What time is it ?
4. Is it time to get up ?
5. What do I do with the bedclothes ?
6. Do I get out of bed ?
7. What do I do with my face and
hands ?
8. What do I do with my hair?
9. What do I do with my stockings and
shoes ?
10. Where do I put my clothes ?
1 1. What door do I open ?
12. Where do I go ?
GOING TO WORK
27
LESSON
GOING TO WORK
1. I get the breakfast for the family.
2. We eat our breakfast.
3. It is seven o'clock.
4. I get ready to go to work.
5. I put up my lunch.
6. I put up my husband's lunch.
7. I put on my coat.
8. I say, " good-by," and, " be good," to
my children.
9. My husband is ready to go to work.
10. We start out together.
n. He works downtown, and must ride
on a street car.
12. I walk to the factory.
13. It is near by.
28 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
14. I go up to the floor where I work.
15. There are many other women there.
1 6. The boss says, " It is eight o'clock."
1 7. I sit down in my place at the table.
1 8. I begin my work.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Who gets breakfast for the family?
2. Who eats the breakfast ?
3. What time is it?
4. What do I get ready to do ?
5. Do I put up my lunch ?
6. Do I put up my husband's lunch?
7. Do I put on my coat ?
8. What do I say to my children ?
9. Is my husband ready to go to work ?
10. Do we start out together?
1 1. Must he ride on a street car?
1 2. Do I walk to the factory ?
13. Is it near by?
14. To what floor do I go?
15. Are there other women there?
1 6. What does the boss say?
17. Where do I sit ?
1 8. What do I begin?
A DAY'S CLEANING
29
LESSON 3
A DAY'S CLEANING
1. A lady asked me to clean for her.
2. She lives at Forty-five East Seventy-
second Street.
3. I go into the house.
4. I get a pail of hot water and some
soap.
5. I get some cloths and a scrubbing
brush. I get a broom.
30 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
6. The lady says, " Please clean this
room."
7. I take out the rugs.
8. I take out the chairs.
9. I sweep the floor.
10. I clean and bring back the rugs.
11. I dust the chairs.
12. It is twelve o'clock.
13. I eat my dinner.
14. The lady asks me to clean the bath-
room.
15. I scrub the bathtub and clean the
woodwork.
1 6. I clean the floors and wash the win-
dows.
17. I work until five o'clock.
1 8. The lady pays me a dollar and fifty
cents.
19. I go home.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Who asks me to clean for her?
2. Where does the lady live?
3. Do I go into the house ?
4. What do 'I get first?
A DAY'S CLEANING 31
5. What do I get next ?
6. What does the lady say ?
7. What do I do with the rugs ?
8. Where do I take the chairs ?
9. Do I sweep the floor ?
10. What do I do to the rugs ?
1 1 . What do I do to the chairs ?
1 2. What time is it ?
13. Do I eat my dinner then ?
14. What does the lady ask me to do
next?
15. Do I scrub the bathtub and clean the
woodwork ?
1 6. Do I clean the floors and wash the
windows ?
17. How long do I work?
1 8. How much does the lady pay me?
19. Where do I go then?
WORDS TO BE LEARNED
breakfast broom clean chairs
lunch brush sweep rugs
dinner soap scrub floor
supper coat wash dishes
table tubs ^ dust pail
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 4
A DAY'S WORK AT WASHING
1. A lady asks me to do her washing.
2. I go to her house and ring the door-
bell.
3. The cook comes to the door.
4. I go into the kitchen.
5. The lady comes into the kitchen.
6. She says, " Good morning. Here are
the clothes to be washed."
7. I open the tubs, and turn on the
water.
A DAY'S WORK AT \VASHING 33
8. I wash the white clothes.
9. I rinse them and starch them.
10. I put them into a basket.
11. I hang them on the line.
1 2. The line is in the back yard.
13. It is twelve o'clock.
14. I sit down at the table.
15. I eat my dinner.
16. I finish my dinner.
17. I wash the colored clothes and hang
them up.
1 8. At five o'clock I bring in the clothes.
19. The lady pays me a dollar and fifty
cents.
20. I go home.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What does the lady ask me to do for
her?
2. Where do I go ?
3. Who comes to the door ?
4. What room do I go into ?
5. Who comes into the kitchen ?
6. What does the lady say ?
7. What do I do with the tubs ?
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 1
34 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
8. What clothes do L wash first ?
9. Do I then rinse them and starch
them?
10. What do I put them into?
n. Where do I hang the clothes?
1 2. Where is the line ?
13. What time is it?
14. Where do I sit down?
15. Do I eat my dinner then?
16. Do I finish my dinner?
1 7. What clothes do I wash now ?
1 8. At what time do I bring in the
clothes ?
19. How much does the lady pay me?
20. Where do I go ?
LESSON 5
A DAY'S WORK IN A CIGAR FACTORY
1. I am a bunch maker.
2. I sit at a table with other girls.
3. I take the fillers and binders.
4. I make a bunch.
5. I put the bunch in a mold.
A DAY'S WORK IN A CIGAR FACTORY 35
6. The molds are pressed.
7. The cigar maker takes the molds.
8. The cigar maker puts on the wrapper.
9. The cigar is finished.
10. The foreman says, " It is twelve
o'clock."
11. I stop working.
1 2. I get my lunch and eat it.
13. I go to work again.
36 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
14. I can make four hundred bunches a
day.
15. I am not paid by the week.
1 6. I am paid by the piece.
17. I stop work at five o'clock.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What do I do in the cigar factory?
2. Where do I sit ?
3. Do I take the fillers and the binders ?
4. What do I make ?
5. Where do I put the bunch ?
6. Are the molds pressed ?
7. Who takes the molds ?
8. Who puts on the wrapper ?
9. Is the cigar finished ?
10. What does the foreman say?
11. What do I do then?
12. Do I eat my lunch?
13. Is it time to go to work again?
14. How many bunches can I make in a
day?
15. Am I paid by the week?
1 6. How am I paid?
17. At what time do I stop work?
A DAY'S SHOPPING
37
LESSON 6
A DAY'S SHOPPING
1. I wash the breakfast dishes.
2. I make the beds.
3. I sweep the floors.
4. I get ready to go out and do my
shopping.
5. I go to the market to buy my meat
for supper.
6. I get a soup bone.
7. My family like soup.
8. Then I go to the grocery.
9. I get some carrots, some cabbage, and
some potatoes.
10. I go to a dry-goods store to buy cloth.
38 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
1 1. My little girl needs a dress.
1 2. There are ready-made dresses there.
13. I look at them.
14. They are not well made.
15. They are too cheap.
1 6. The people who made them are not
paid enough.
17. I find some pretty red cloth to make a
dress.
1 8. I get buttons to put on it.
19. I get red ribbon to trim it.
20. It is time to get dinner for my family.
21. I go home.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Who washes the breakfast dishes ?
2. Do I make the beds ?
3. Who sweeps the floors ?
4. What do I get ready to do ?
5. Where do I buy the meat ?
6. What kind of meat do I buy ?
7. Why do I get a soup bone?
8. Where do I go next ?
9. What do I buy at the grocery ?
10. Where can I buy cloth?
A VISIT TO THE SCHOOL 39
1 1. What does my little girl need ?
1 2. Where can I buy ready-made dresses ?
13. Do I look at them?
14. Are they well made?
15. Do they cost enough?
1 6. Are the people who make them well
paid?
1 7. What color do I choose for a dress ?
1 8. What do I get to put on the dress?
19. What do I get to trim the dress?
20. What time is it?
21. Where do I go?
LESSON 7
A VISIT TO THE SCHOOL
1. I have three children in school.
2. One day the teacher wrote me a letter.
3. She asked me to come to see her.
4. I did not go to the factory that day.
5. I went to the school building.
6. The teacher said, "Your son is bad,
he runs away from school."
7. " He says bad words."
40 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
8. The teacher said, "You give your
children too many pennies."
9. "They buy too much candy."
10. I feel very sad about my children.
11. I do not know what to do.
1 2. The teacher said, " Could you stay at
home and look after your children ? "
13. I tell her I must talk with my hus-
band.
14. My husband comes home.
15. I tell him about the children.
16. He says I must stay at home.
17. I get the children ready for school in
the morning.
A VISIT TO THE SCHOOL 41
1 8. I go to school with them.
19. I get the dinner for them.
20. I help them study their lessons at
night.
21. They like to go to school now.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. How many children have I in school?
2. Who wrote me a letter ?
3. What did the teacher ask me to do ?
4. Why did I not go to the factory that
day?
5. Where did I go ?
6. What did the teacher say about my
son?
7. What does he say?
8. What did the teacher say about giv-
ing pennies to the children ?
9. What do they do with the pennies ?
10. How do I feel about my children?
1 1. Do I know what to do ?
1 2. What did the teacher ask me to do ?
13. Did I tell her I must talk with my
husband ?
14. When does my husband come home?
42 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
15. What do I tell him?
1 6. What does he say?
17. What do I do in the morning?
1 8. Where do I go with the children?
19. What do I do for them ?
20. Do I help them study their lessons?
21. Do they like to go to school now?
LESSON 8
THE SETTLEMENT
1. I live near a Settlement.
2. There are some kind people at the
Settlement.
3. When I need help, I go to them.
4. They tell me what to do.
5. I go to the Settlement to a club.
6. We learn how to take better care of
our children.
7. We learn how to take better care of
our homes.
8. We have fun in our club too.
9. My children go to the Settlement.
10. My little girl goes to the kindergarten.
THE SETTLEMENT
43
11. My oldest girl goes to sewing school.
12. She is learning how to sew.
13. My son goes to a club.
14. He plays games with other boys.
15. In summer many children can go to
the country.
1 6. Their mothers can go too.
17. It does not cost them very much.
1 8. There is a bank at the Settlement.
19. Children put their pennies in the bank.
20. It teaches them to save.
21. My children save many pennies.
44 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where do I live?
2. Who are the people that live at the
Settlement ?
3. When do I go to them ?
4. What do they tell me?
5. Do I go to a club at the Settlement?
6. What do we learn about taking care
of our children ?
7. What do we learn about our homes ?
8. Do we have fun in the club ?
9. Where do my children go ?
10. Who goes to the kindergarten?
1 1. Where does my oldest girl go ?
12. What is she learning?
13. Where does my son go?
14. What does he play?
15. Where can the children go in summer?
1 6. Can their mothers go?
17. Does it cost much?
1 8. Is there a bank at the Settlement?
79. What do the children put in it?
20. What do they learn ?
21. What have my children done?
NEW YORK CITY
45
LESSON 9
NEW YORK CITY
1. I live in New York city.
2. It is a large city.
3. I live on the east side of the city.
4. I live on East Seventy-third Street.
5. It is better to live uptown than down-
town.
6. The streets are wider and cleaner.
7. I get more sunshine in my house.
8. The rooms are larger too.
9. I live near the East River.
10. Blackwell's Island is in East River.
46 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
11. I can see the boats on the river from
my house.
12. Central Park is six or seven blocks
west of my house.
13. I often go to the park with my chil-
dren.
14. They like to see the flowers, and play
on the grass.
15. There is a Public Library not very far
from us.
1 6. There are books in our own language
there.
17. We can take some of these books
home, or read them at the library.
1 8. There is a hospital near us.
19. When people get sick they are taken
care of at the hospital.
20. There is a milk station open near us
in summer.
21. We can get pure milk for our children
at this station.
NOTE. — It may be found advisable not to insist on having the
following lessons memorized, but to use them as reading lessons,
emphasizing correct pronunciation and learning the definition of
each word.
NEW YORK CITY 47
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. In what city do I live?
2. Is it a large city?
3. On which side of the city do I live?
4. On what street do I live ?
5. Is it better to live uptown ?
6. Are the streets cleaner ?
7. Do I get any sunshine?
8. Are the rooms any larger ?
9. Near what river do I live?
10. What island is in this river?
1 1. What can I see on this river?
12. How far is it to Central Park from
where I live ?
1 3. Do I ever go there ?
14. What do the children like to see in
the park ?
15. Is the Public Library near us?
1 6. What kind of books can I find there?
17. May we take the books home?
1 8. Is the hospital near us?
19. What is done for sick people at the
hospital ?
20. Where is there a milk station?
21. What kind of milk can we get there?
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 10
TIME
1. Sixty seconds make a minute.
2. Sixty minutes make an hour.
3. Twenty-four hours make a day.
4. Seven days make a week.
5. Four weeks make a month.
6. Twelve months make a year.
7. Do you see the clock in this room ?
8. What time is it ?
9. What other things are in the room ?
DAYS IN THE WEEK 49
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. How many seconds make a minute?
2. How many minutes make an hour?
3. How many hours make a day?
4. How many days make a week ?
5. How many weeks make a month ?
6. How many months make a year?
LESSON 11
DAYS IN THE WEEK
The first day in the week is called Sunday.
The second day in the week is called Mon-
day.
The third day in the week is called Tues-
day.
The fourth day in the wreek is called
Wednesday.
The fifth day in the week is called Thurs-
day.
The sixth day in the week is called Fri-
day.
The seventh day in the week is called
Saturday.
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 4
50 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
MEMORY EXERCISE
What is the first day in the week called ?
What is the second day in the week called ?
What is the third day in the week called ?
What is the fourth day in the week called ?
What is the fifth day in the week called ?
What is the sixth day in the week called ?
What is the seventh day in the week called ?
LESSON 12
MONTHS IN THE YEAR
There are twelve months in the year.
Let us learn the names of the months.
1. January. 5. May. 9. September.
2. February. 6. June. 10. October.
3. March. 7. July. 11. November.
4. April. 8. August. 12. December.
Thirty days have September,
April, June, and November;
All the rest have thirty-one,
Excepting February alone,
Which hath but twenty-eight in fine
Till leap year gives it twenty-nine.
THE SEASONS 51
LESSON 13
THE SEASONS
1. There are four seasons in the year.
2. Spring, summer, autumn, winter.
3. The seasons are each three months
long.
4. The spring months are March, April,
and May.
5. The summer months are June, July,
and August.
6. The autumn months are September,
October, and November.
7. The winter months are December,
January, and February.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1 . How many seasons are there in the year?
2. Give the names of the seasons.
3. How many months are in each season ?
4. What are the spring months called ?
5. What are the summer months called ?
6. What are the autumn months called ?
7. What are the winter months called ?
52 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
COLORS
What is pink ? A rose is pink,
By the fountain's brink.
What is red ? A poppy's red
In its barley bed.
What is blue ? The sky is blue
Where the clouds float through.
What is white ? A swan is white
Sailing in the light.
What is yellow ? Pears are yellow
Rich and ripe and mellow.
What is green ? The grass is green
With small flowers between.
What is violet ? Clouds are violet
In the summer twilight.
What is orange ? Why, an orange —
Just an orange !
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
THE SWALLOW
Fly away, fly away over the sea,
Sun-loving swallow, for summer is done ;
Come again, come again, come back to me,
Bringing the summer and bringing the sun.
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
FRUITS AND COLORS
53
LESSON 14
FRUITS AND COLORS
1. Strawberries are red.
2. Bananas are yellow.
3. Pears are yellow and green.
4. Oranges are orange color.
5. Some apples are red, some are yellow,
and some are green.
6. Peaches are yellow and red.
54 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
7. Cherries are red.
8. Some plums are blue, some are red.
9. Some grapes are green, some are
yellow, and some are red.
10. Cranberries are red.
11. Blackberries are black.
12. Grapefruit is yellow.
13. Lemons are yellow.
14. Some raspberries are red, some black.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What color are strawberries ?
2. What color are bananas ?
3. What color are pears ?
4. What color are oranges ?
5. What color are apples ?
6. What color are peaches ?
7. What color are cherries ?
8. What color are plums ?
9. Are grapes all the same color?
10. What color are cranberries?
1 1. What color are blackberries?
1 2. What color is grapefruit ?
13. What color are lemons?
14. What color are raspberries?
A WEEK'S WORK AT HOME
55
LESSON 15
A WEEK'S WORK AT HOME
Monday
I get up early on Monday morning,
for I like to get my washing done before
noon.
I get breakfast for the family and wash
and dress the children for school. Then we
eat our breakfast, and my husband says
" Good-by " to us and goes to his work.
The children clear the table and wash the
dishes, and I fill the wash boiler with water.
I put the boiler on the stove, and begin to
wash the white clothes.
56 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
At half past eight the children put on their
hats and coats and start for school.
At half past eleven my washing is hung
on the line, and I begin to get dinner.
After we eat our dinner, the children go
back to school. I wash the dishes and then
scrub the kitchen floor.
When all my work is done, I comb my
hair, put on a clean dress, and sit down to
sew till it is time to get supper.
Tuesday
Tuesday morning I put the flatirons on
the stove when I get breakfast. Then I
sprinkle the clothes ready to iron.
After breakfast, I get out the ironing board
and cover it with a clean cloth. Then I get
the flatiron stand and a piece of wax to rub
the iron on so that it will not stick to the
starched clothes. A piece of a candle will
do just as well as a cake of wax.
I finish the ironing before dinner, and then
one of my neighbors wants me to help her
make a dress for her baby ; so I hurry to finish
my work and spend the afternoon with her.
A WEEK'S WORK AT HOME 57
Wednesday
Wednesday I go out at eight o'clock in
the morning to do my marketing. Some of
my friends are buying their provisions too,
and we tell each other where to go to get the
best things for the least money.
I buy some soup meat, potatoes, and a
head of cabbage for dinner. Then I get some
apples, for every one should eat fruit and
vegetables.
When I get home, I bake cookies for the
children, as a surprise; for when they come
from school, they are hungry and I am glad
to give them something which they like.
I bake bread to-day, too, for I do not like
to do any baking on Thursday.
Thursday
I do not have to do any baking on
Thursday morning; so I finish my house-
work by nine o'clock and then I go out and
do some shopping for the family.
I buy meat and vegetables for dinner.
Then I go to a dry-goods store to buy cloth
to make my little girls some dresses.
58 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
I buy pink gingham for one dress, blue
gingham for another dress, and some white
muslin to make aprons for them to wear to
school.
I get a pattern for the dresses, also some
thread to sew with. Then I go home and
cut the dresses out by the pattern.
My husband gave me a sewing machine
for Christmas and it does not take long to
stitch the seams. So I have the dresses
ready for the children to try on when they
come from school.
Friday
Friday morning, I go to the market to buy
a fish for dinner.
My family all like bluefish, and I buy one
that weighs two pounds and a half.
I buy spinach and some fruit. Then I
hurry home to sweep the house ; for Friday
is my sweeping day.
Saturday
Saturday morning, the children wash the
dishes. They like to help me bake ; so I give
A WEEK'S WORK AT HOME 59
them some dough and teach them how to
roll it out and cut it into small pieces for
biscuits or rolls.
I think children ought to be taught how to
help their mothers and how to do things well.
I bake bread, biscuits, or rolls. Some-
times, I also make a cake or a pie, for I must
have enough to last over Sunday.
When the baking is finished, I take the
children and go out to do the marketing.
In the afternoon we go out for a walk with
some friends and have great fun looking at
things in the shop windows.
Sunday
Sunday is a day we all like, for the family
are all at home.
My husband looks over the children's
school work. He asks them questions about
their lessons and how they have behaved in
school during the week. He tells them that
they must work hard in school if they wish
to please their father and mother.
In the afternoon we go for a walk in the
Park.
60 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
VERSES TO BE LEARNED
THE SEASONS
Four seasons make up all the days of the year.
If you'd know what they are, then come hither and
hear
How in order they pass, and what presents they
bring,
The summer, the autumn, the winter, the spring.
When young leaves just peep from the buds on the
spray,
When the snowdrop and violet bloom on the way,
When the swallows appear, and the gay bluebirds
sing,
Then we know 'tis the beautiful season of spring.
When butterflies flit over lily cup fair,
When roses are blooming and scenting the air,
When fruit ripens fast in the glorious sun,
The long days of summer have fairly begun.
When the harvest is gathered, and the barns are
stacked high,
When flowers are faded, and birds southward fly,
When the leaves one by one fall down to the ground,
The season of autumn has again come round.
VERSES TO BE LEARNED 61
When soft fall the snowflakes, and stormy winds
blow,
And icicles hang o'er the streamlet below,
When the woods are all bare, and the birds sing no
more,
It is winter, cold winter, the last of the four.
— MABEL RUST.
FIVE LITTLE WHITE HEADS
Five little White Heads peeped out of the mold,
When the dew was damp and the night was cold.
And they crowded their way through the soil with
pride,
" Hurrah ! We are going to be mushrooms ! " they
cried.
But the sun came up, and the sun shone down,
And the little white heads were withered and brown.
Long were their faces, their pride had a fall —
They were nothing but toadstools, after all !
— WALTER LEARNED.
SUMMER DAYS
Winter is cold-hearted ;
Spring is yea and nay ;
Autumn is a weathercock,
Blown every way:
Summer days for me,
When every leaf is on its tree.
62
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 16
A LOAF OF BREAD
1. The farmer raises wheat and sells it to
the miller.
2. The miller grinds the wheat into flour
and sells it to the grocer.
3. The grocer sells the flour to the mother.
4. The mother makes the flour. into bread
and gives it to the family.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Who raises the wheat?
2. Who grinds the wheat into flour?
3. Who sells it to the mother ?
4. Who makes the flour into bread ?
THE FARM 63
LESSON 17
THE FARM
How many of you have lived on a farm in
Europe?
How many of you have been on a farm
since you came to America ?
I am going to tell you some of the things
that grow on farms in America, when they
are planted, and how long before they are
ready for market.
In the fall the farmer plants the wheat,
which must grow all winter and nearly all
summer before it is ready to be ground into
flour.
In the spring the farmer plows the ground.
He sows oats to make feed for the horses.
A little later he plants potatoes, corn, cab-
bage, and beans.
These crops must be taken care of all
summer by the farmer. They must be kept
free from weeds and from insects which
would kill them.
Late in the summer is a busy time on a
farm, - - for it is " harvest time." The grain
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
must be cut and drawn into the barn ready
to thrash; the corn must be gathered; and
later on, the beans, potatoes, and cabbage
must be brought in and stored for winter.
Then it is time to gather the fruit:
Peaches are picked and packed in baskets
ready for the market. Apples are put into bar-
rels, and are sometimes sent abroad to be sold
in countries where apples cannot be raised.
Most farmers raise pears, quinces, grapes,
cherries, and plums. Sometimes they raise
only enough for themselves to eat, and some-
times they raise fruit for market.
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 65
LESSON 18
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
We need to eat fruits and vegetables all
th'e year round.
They are good for us.
They cost less than medicine.
They are better than too much meat for
most persons.
In June, July, and August we can buy
these fruits and vegetables :
FRUITS VEGETABLES
Strawberries Cherries Peas Corn
Currants Blackberries Beans Cabbage
Plums Raspberries Turnips Radishes
Peaches Pears Tomatoes Lettuce
Grapes Apples Potatoes Parsnips
In September, October, and November we
can use these fruits and vegetables :
FRUITS VEGETABLES
Apples Pears Celery Cabbages
Canned fruits Grapes Beans Beets
Peaches Oranges Mushrooms Tomatoes
Bananas Plums Carrots Cauliflowers
Cranberries Lemons Lettuce Squashes
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 5
66 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
In December, January, and February we
can use these fruits and vegetables :
FRUITS VEGETABLES
Apples Pears Onions Beans
Oranges Bananas Cabbages Turnips
Cranberries Grapefruit Potatoes Lettuce
Preserved fruits Carrots Pumpkins
In March, April, and May we can use these
fruits and vegetables : -
FRUITS VEGETABLES
Apples Prunes Asparagus Beets
Oranges Bananas Lettuce Onions
Preserved fruits Potatoes Spinach
Canned fruits Radishes Cabbage
THE PEACH
The peach tree on the southern wall
Has basked so long beneath the sun,
Her score of peaches great and small
Bloom rosy, every one.
A peach for brothers, one for each,
A peach for you and a peach for me ;
But the biggest, rosiest, downiest peach
For Grandmamma with her tea.
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
THE FOOD WE EAT 67
LESSON 19
THE FOOD WE EAT
A great deal depends upon the kind of food
we eat, and the way it is prepared.
Let me tell you some of the things that
cost very little money, but if well cooked will
help to keep a family strong and well.
I will begin with the first meal of the day :
BREAKFAST
Oatmeal, for four people, will cost . . . . $ .06
Milk, three quarts to last all day (for all
the family) .21
Coffee and i Ib. sugar, to last all day (for
grown people) .08
Cocoa (made with milk), per cup .... .02
Bread (for grown people) .05
DINNER
Beef soup, for four people . . . . „ . . $ .14
Potatoes, for four people . .10
Bread, for four people .05
Onions, for four people .05
Children should never drink coffee. Cocoa
and milk are the best for them.
68 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
SUPPER
Stew made from soup meat left over from dinner
One can of tomatoes $ .10
Carrots and potatoes .06
Soup greens .02
Coffee cake .10
I wonder if you know that the night before
is the best time to get breakfast ready.
Put your oatmeal on the stove when you be-
gin to get supper. Let it stay there all night,
cooking slowly, and the next morning you
will have good oatmeal without lumps in it.
While you are waiting for the family to
come home to supper, grind the coffee for
breakfast ; then you can sleep later in the
morning.
When you do your marketing, go to the
butcher shop first. You will be more likely
to find the kind of meat you want. Ask the
butcher to give you some bones with your
soup meat, for they help to make good soup.
In making soup, never let it boil too fast.
Put it on the back of the stove, where it wiir
cook slowly and you will get all the juice from
the meat.
LITTLE VERSES 69
LITTLE VERSES TO BE MEMORIZED
THANKSGIVING
For peace and for plenty, for freedom, for rest.
For joy in the land from the East to the West.
For the dear starry flag with its red, white, and blue,
We thank Thee from hearts that are honest and true
— MARGARET E. SANGSTER.
For the trade and the skill and the wealth of our
land,
For the cunning and strength of the workingman's
hand,
For the friendship that hope and affection have
wrought —
Thanksgiving, Thanksgiving.
—UNKNOWN.
A PANCAKE
Mix a pancake,
Stir a pancake,
Pop it in the pan,
Fry the pancake,
Toss the pancake,
Catch it if you can.
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
7o
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 20
A GOOD FACTORY
1. I am a shirt-waist maker.
2. I work with many other girls and
women in a factory.
3. It is a good factory.
4. The factory is kept clean.
5. It has plenty of windows.
6. The windows are not barred.
7. There are fire escapes enough to make
it safe.
8. The doors are not locked and they open
outward.
9. We have a fire drill every day.
10. I work from eight in the morning
until five at night.
11. I have one hour off for lunch.
12. I earn fair wages.
A GOOD FACTORY 71
13. Sometimes I work overtime in the
busy season.
14. I am paid extra for overtime work.
15. I work all the year round.
1 6. I can do good work because I have
fair hours, and earn fair wages.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What is my trade?
2. Where do I work ?
3. Is it a good factory ?
4. Is the factory kept clean ?
5. Are there plenty of windows ?
6. Are the windows kept barred ?
7. Are there enough fire escapes ?
8. Are the doors locked ?
9. When do we have a fire drill ?
10. When do I go to work?
11. How much time do I have for lunch?
12. How much do I earn?
13. When do I work overtime?
14. Am I paid for overtime work?
15. How many months am I laid off from
work?
1 6. Why can I do good work?
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 21
THE CLOTHES WE WEAR
1. Many people do not know how to make
their own clothes.
2. Some of them cannot take the time to
sew.
3. These people must buy ready-made
clothes.
4. Such clothes do not wear as well as
home-made clothes.
5. It is always best to buy plain things
that are well made.
6. They wear better than fancy clothes
that are only half put together.
7. Cheap garments may mean that the
people who make them are not well paid.
8. We should not purchase garments that
have been made by ill-paid or badly treated
workers.
THE CLOTHES WE WEAR 73
9. Good work should be rewarded by
good pay and good treatment.
10. We may have to pay more, but we
get more when we buy clothes that are made
in shops where the workers are well treated.
11. We get clothes that are better made
and that will wear longer.
1 2. We are also helping to break up the
sweat shops.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Does every one know how to make
clothes ?
2. Do people always have time to sew ?
3. What must they do ?
4. Do these wear well ?
5. What should we buy?
6. Are they better than fancy clothes?
7. What may cheap garments mean ?
8. What should we not purchase ?
9. How should good work be rewarded ?
10. Do we have to pay more for well-
made clothes ? Why should we buy them ?
1 1. Will these clothes pay in the end?
1 2. What are we helping to do ?
74
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 22
THE MEAT MARKET
1. There is a good market near my house.
2. The market is clean.
3. The meat is always good.
4. The butcher is honest. He does not
cheat people when he weighs the meat.
5. I will tell you some of the kinds of
meat this butcher keeps.
6. Beef for roasts and for soup.
7. Beefsteak, liver, and sausage.
8. Pork chops, and pork for roasting.
THE MEAT MARKET 75
9. Veal for stews and for veal loaf.
10. In this meat market* I can buy nice
fresh chickens too.
n. On Friday the butcher has fresh fish.
12. A good market does not sell bad meat
or bad fish.
13. I must tell all my friends to buy in
this honest market.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where is the good meat market?
2. Is the market dirty ?
3. Is the meat ever poor?
4. Is the butcher dishonest? Does he
ever cheat people?
5. What am I going to tell you ?
6. What kinds of beef does he keep
7. What other kinds of meat ?
8. What kinds of pork does he keep ?
9. What kinds of veal can I buy ?
10. Can I buy chickens in this market?
1 1. On what day can I buy fish ?
1 2. Does a good market sell bad meat or
bad fish?
13. What must I tell my friends?
76
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 23
THE DAIRY STORE
1. Mr. Clark keeps a dairy store on Third
Avenue.
2. The store is painted white both on the
outside and the inside.
3. Mr. Clark and the man who helps him
wear white aprons in the store, and they
always look very clean.
4. People call Mr. Clark's store, " The
White Store."
5. Mr. Clark sells butter by the pound
and eggs by the dozen.
THE DAIRY STORE 77
6. He keeps the butter in the ice box
and the eggs in boxes on the counter.
7. Mr. Clark sells milk and cream in
bottles; the milk costs eight cents a quart
and the cream costs twelve cents a pint.
8. It costs more to buy milk in bottles,
but it is clean and sweet.
9. The milk sold from the can in the
grocery store is full of dust and dirt, and
more dirt gets into the milk when it is car-
ried home in a pail without a cover.
10. It is best to buy milk in bottles from
a dairy store or from a good milkman.
11. When people cannot buy milk in bot-
tles, they should always buy it from a clean
store where the milk can is kept covered ; and
they should carry it home in a covered dish.
12. It is not safe to drink milk that is not
perfectly clean.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where is Mr. Clark's store?
2. What color is it painted ?
3. What color are the aprons that Mr.
Clark and his man wear?
78 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
4. What do people call Mr. Clark's store?
Why do they call it so ?
5. How does Mr. Clark sell butter and
eggs?
6. Where does he keep the butter and
eggs?
7. How much does the milk and cream
cost ?
8. Does it cost more to buy milk in. bot-
tles?
9. Is the milk sold from a can in the
grocery store clean? What happens to it
when it is carried home?
10. Where are the best places to buy bot-
tled milk ?
11. Where is the best place to buy milk
from a can ?
12. Why is it not safe to drink dirty. milk?
THE CHILD TO THE COW
Thank you, pretty cow, that made
Pleasant milk to soak my bread,
Every day and every night,
Warm and fresh and sweet and white.
— JANE TAYLOR.
THE GROCERY STORE
LESSON 24
THE GROCERY STORE
1. I am going to tell you what I saw in
a grocery store.
2. On the top shelf I saw many tin cans.
3. In these cans were vegetables and
fruits.
4. On the next shelf I saw cans of jelly
and pickles.
5. On the bottom shelf there were bottles
of mustard, sirup, and olive oil.
6. On the counter the grocer kept his
paper bags and string.
8o LESSONS IN ENGLISH
7. The scales he used to weigh things
were on the counter too.
8. At the back of the store was an ice
box.
9. In the ice box there was a tub of but-
ter and many kinds of cheese.
10. There were bottles of milk and cream
in the ice box.
11. On the floor at the back of the store
were boxes of vegetables.
1 2. I saw string beans, peas, lettuce, onions,
cabbages, turnips, and egg plants.
13. There were also boxes of fruit.
14. I saw oranges, bananas, lemons, apples,
and grapes.
15. The store was very clean.
1 6. Everything was covered carefully.
17. Dust and flies could not get on the
food.
1 8. Every store ought to be kept clean.
19. Tell your friends not to buy groceries
in a dirty store.
20. Soon all the stores will have to be
kept clean.
21. Then there will be less sickness.
THE GROCERY STORE 81
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What am I going to tell you about a
grocery store ?
2. What did I see on the top shelf?
3. What was in these cans ?
4. What did I see on the next shelf?
5. What was on the bottom shelf?
6. What things did the grocer keep on
the counter?
7. Where were the scales ?
8. Where wasithe ice box?
9. What was in the ice box?
10. Where were the bottles of milk kept?
1 1. Where were the vegetables ?
1 2. Tell me the names of the vegetables.
13. Were there boxes of fruit there too?
14. Tell me the names of the fruits.
15. Was the store dirty?
1 6. Were the boxes covered?
17. Could flies and dirt get on the food?
1 8. Should all stores be kept clean?
19. What can you tell your friends?
20. Will the stores be kept clean then ?
21. Does dirt cause sickness ?
FNG. FOR. WOM. — 6
82
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 25
THE HARDWARE STORE
1. Mr. Greggor keeps «. hardware store.
2. I went there to buy a kettle one day
last week.
3. When I went into the store Mr. Greg-
gor was busy waiting on other people.
4. I was not in a hurry, so I looked around
the store to see the things that were for sale.
5. I saw kettles of all sizes, pails made of
tin and granite, and basins that were made of
tin and granite in all colors and sizes.
6. I saw washtubs, garbage cans, brooms,
and dustpans.
7. In a glass case were scissors, shears,
and pocketknives.
THE HARDWARE STORE 83
8. In large drawers all around the room
nails and screws were kept.
9. Mr. Greggor soon came and asked me
what I wished to see.
10. I told him I wanted to buy a kettle.
11. He showed me several kettles, and at
last I found the kind I wanted.
12. I paid thirty-five cents for the kettle
and took it home.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What kind of store does Mr. Greggor
keep?
2. What did I go there to buy ?
3. What was Mr. Greggor doing when I
went into the store ?
4. What did I do?
5. What kinds of pails did I see ?
6. What other useful things did I see ?
7. What were kept in the glass case ?
8. What were kept in the large drawers ?
9. What did Mr. Greggor ask me ?
10. What did I tell him I wished to buy?
1 1. Did I find the kind I wanted?
12. How much did I pay for the kettle?
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 26
THE FLOWER STORE
1. Mr. Wilson is a florist, and keeps a
large flower store in a western city.
2. He sells seeds, growing plants, and cut
flowers all the year round.
3. In the spring, people buy seeds and
plants to put in their window boxes.
4. Mr. Wilson likes to have people come
into his store to look at the flowers even
though they do not buy them.
5. One day I went into the store and he
showed me these flowers.
6. R£d, white, and pink roses.
7. Red, white, and pink carnations.
THE FLOWER STORE 85
8. Purple violets and white lilies.
9. Lavender, pink, and white sweet peas,
also many kinds of ferns and palms.
10. Mr. Wilson says that at Christmas
time people buy green holly with its red ber-
ries, also red roses and red carnations.
1 1. Red and green are Christmas colors.
12. At Easter time people buy white
Easter lilies, white roses, and carnations, for
white and green are Easter colors.
MEMORY WORK
1. Where is Mr. Wilson's flower store?
2. What does he sell ?
3. What do people buy in the spring ?
4. Does Mr. Wilson like to have people
look at his flowers ?
5. Where did I go one day ?
6. What color were the roses ?
7. What color were the carnations ?
8. What color were the violets ?
9. What color were the sweet peas ?
10. What did Mr. Wilson say ?
1 1. What are the Christmas colors ?
1 2. What do people buy at Easter time ?
86 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 27
CLEAN STREETS
1. A clean city or town is a pleasant place
in which to live.
2. The people who live there should help
to keep it clean.
3. The street cleaners cannot keep the
streets clean unless the people do their share.
4. Here are some of the things which
we should do to make a clean city :
5. Put our garbage and ashes into
covered cans.
6. Sweep our sidewalk two or three
times a day.
7. Shake all our carpets and rugs in the
back yard or in the court.
8. Pick up papers that are blowing around
the streets.
9. Ask the Board of Health to come
and get any dead animals that are in the
street
10. Report dirty alleys or courts to the
Board of Health.
1 1. Take the children to the playground or
CLEAN STREETS 87
park to play, instead of letting them build
fires in the streets.
12. If every one helps to keep the streets
clean, the streets will always be clean.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Is it pleasant to live in a clean city?
2. Who ought to help keep it clean ?
3. Can the street cleaners do it alone ?
4. How can every one help ?
5. What kinds of garbage and ash cans
are best ?
6. Is once a day enough to sweep the
sidewalk?
7. Where should people shake their
carpets and rugs ?
8. Why should not papers be allowed to
blow around the streets ?
9. Who will come and get dead animals ?
10. Who looks after dirty alleys and
courts ?
1 1. Where should children play ?
12. How can we be sure of having clean
streets ?
13. Why are clean streets always best?
88 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 28
THE KINDERGARTEN
1. I send my little boy to kindergarten
every morning.
2. I give him a good breakfast before he
goes.
3. He eats oatmeal and toast, and drinks
a glass of milk.
4. He must be in kindergarten at nine
o'clock.
5. I tell every one I know how good the
kindergarten is for children.
6. They learn to play the right games in
the right way.
7. Children need to play.
8. They learn to do many things with
their hands.
9. My little boy brings home the things
he makes in kindergarten.
10. Then he shows his little sister how to
make the same things.
11. The kindergarten teacher takes the
children to the park to see the birds and
flowers.
THE KINDERGARTEN 89
12. They like to play in the park better
than in the dirty, noisy street.
13. The children who go to kindergarten
are almost sure to learn more rapidly than
those who do not go to kindergarten.
14. The kindergarten wakes them up.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where do I send my little boy?
2. What does he have before he goes ?
3. What does he eat for breakfast?
4. When must he be at the kindergarten?
5. What do I tell people?
6. What kind of games should children
play?
7. What do children need ?
8. What do they learn to dp ?
9. What does my little boy bring home?
10. What does he do then?
11. Where does the kindergarten teacher
take the children?
1 2. Do you like the park ?
13. Does going to kindergarten help the
children ?
14. What does the kindergarten do?
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
A PUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING
LESSON 29
PUBLIC SCHOOL CENTERS
1. My son belongs to a club called the
Pleasure Club.
2. The club used to meet in a saloon.
3. It was a bad place for boys to go night
after night.
4. They learned to drink and gamble.
5. One day my son read a notice on the
public school building near us.
6. The notice said the building was open
every evening to boys.
7. That night my son went to find out
about it •
PUBLIC SCHOOL CENTERS 91
8. The teacher in charge said that the
Pleasure Club could meet there.
9. The boys were all glad to leave the
saloon.
10. They have a large club now and they
have a good time.
11. Many hundreds of boys use the school
building.
12. It is open six nights in the week.
13. Every Saturday night they have a
dance and invite their girl friends.
14. They have basket-ball games too.
15. If all the school buildings were open,
the boys and girls would not have to go to
the saloons and dance halls for a good time.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What is the name of the club my son
belongs to?
2. Where did the club meet?
3. Why was not the saloon a good place
for the boys to go ?
4. What did they learn?
5. What did my son read one day ?
6. What did the notice say?
92 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
7. When did my son go to find out about
it?
8. What did the teacher in charge say?
9. Why were the boys glad to meet in
the school building?
10. What kind of club do they have now?
11. Why do so many boys use the school
building?
1 2. How many nights is the building open ?
13. On what night do they dance?
14. What do they sometimes play?
15. Why would it be a good thing to have
every school building open?
NOTE. — Teachers should ask pupils for their opinions as to
the possible dangers of allowing boys to use saloon clubrooms,
and then enlarge upon the value of making use of the public
school buildings as afternoon and evening social centers. Dis-
cuss the dangers of. young people meeting socially without proper
supervision.
REVIEW
1 . Name some things at a dry-goods store.
2. Name four kinds of meat at the meat
market.
3. Name three things at the dairy store.
4. Name four things to be bought at the
grocery.
MOVING-PICTURE SHOWS 93
LESSON 30
MOVING-PICTURE SHOWS
1. My children wanted to go to the
moving-picture shows every night.
2. I thought it was a good place for
them to go.
3. It kept them off the street.
4. Then I found my boy was getting
very rough and noisy.
5. He did not want to study.
6. He did not do good work in school.
7. My daughter grew rough too.
8. She wanted to stay out late at night.
9. I could not think where my children
learned these things.
10. One night I went to the moving-pic-
ture show with them.
11. Then I knew they ought never to
go there alone.
1 2. The place was badly lighted.
1.3. The people were disorderly.
14. There was no one there to look after
the young boys and girls,
15. Some of the pictures were very beau-
94 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
tiful and I enjoyed seeing them, but the
songs and dances were very bad.
1 6. After we got home, I talked to my
children.
17. I told them they could not go to the
moving-picture shows every night.
1 8. I told them why it was not good for
them to go alone.
19. I promised to take them to some good
place every Saturday night.
20. They have joined clubs at the Settle-
ment now.
21. They have not cared to go to the
moving-picture shows very often since.
22. I never let them go there alone.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where did my children want to go?
2. What did I think ?
3. Were they on the street then?
4. Was my boy getting rough ?
5. Did he want to study?
6. How did he get on in school ?
7. Was my daughter well behaved ?
8. Did she like to come in early at night ?
MOVING-PICTURE SHOWS 95
g. Did I know where my children learned
these things ?
10. Where did I go one night?
11. What did I learn?
1 2. Was the place well lighted ?
13. How did the people behave?
14. Who looked after the young boys and
girls ?
15. Did I like the pictures?
16. When did I talk to my children?
17. What did I tell them?
1 8. Did I tell them why they could not go
alone?
19. What did I promise to do ?
20. Where did they join clubs ?
21. Have they wanted to go to see the
moving pictures every night ?
22. Do they go alone ?
PLAYTIME
The world's a very happy place,
Where every child should dance and sing,
And always have a smiling face,
And never sulk for anything.
— GABRIEL SETOUN.
96
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 31
GOING ON A PICNIC
1. Every pleasant Sunday in the summer
we go on a picnic.
2. My father and mother take us to a
quiet place.
3. We take our lunch in a basket.
4. We start early in the morning and stay
all day.
5. I sometimes ask a girl friend from the
factory to go with us.
6. We go to the seashore sometimes and
build a fire on the beach.
GOING ON A PICNIC 97
7. Then we make coffee and roast some
potatoes.
8. It is fun to go to a quiet place.
9. We wear our work-day clothes and do
as we like.
10. Sometimes we go out into the country.
1 1. We pick flowers and wild berries there.
1 2. Then we eat our lunch under the trees.
13. Father plays games with us after our
lunch.
14. We play the games the children like.
15. We play, " Pussy wants a corner,"
" Tag," " Jolly is the Miller," and other games.
1 6. At night when we get home, we are
very sleepy because we have had so much
fresh air.
17. The next morning we feel rested and
ready for work.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where do we go on pleasant Sundays
in the summer?
2. Do we go to a noisy place ?
3. How do we take our lunch ?
4. When do we start ?
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 7
g8 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
5. Whom do I .ask to go with us ?
6. Where do we go sometimes and build
a fire?
7. What do we cook there?
8. Which is more fun, a noisy, crowded
place or a quiet one?
9. Why is a quiet place best?
10. Do we ever go into the country?
1 1. What do we find there?
1 2. Where do we eat our lunch ?
13. Who plays games with us?
14. What games do we play?
15. Tell me the names of the games we
play.
1 6. Why are we sleepy at night?
17. Are we tired the next morning?
LESSON 32
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
1. Every city in the United States has a
public library.
2. Any person who wishes may go into
the library to read.
3. It is free to all.
!
ioo LESSONS IN ENGLISH
4. There are books in many languages
there.
5. If you wish, you can borrow these
books to read at home.
6. You must first have a card with your
name and address upon it.
7. The librarian will give you the card.
8. Every time you borrow a book you
must show this card.
9. There is a children's room in most
libraries.
10. Children may sit and read in this
room.
n. It is full of children's books.
12. Sometimes a lady comes to tell stories
to children in this room.
13. All children are welcome.
14. Many libraries have classes in English
for foreign-speaking people.
15. These classes are free too.
•
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. Where do we find public libraries?
2. Who may go into the library ?
3. Does it cost anything ?
THE RAINBOW 101
4. Are all the books in English ?
5. Can you take these books home ?
6. What must you have first ?
7. Who gives you the card ?
8. When must you show this card?
9. Is there a place for children ?
10. What may children do there?
1 1. Are there any books for children?
12. Who tells stories to the children?
13. What children can come to hear her?
14. What classes do some libraries have?
15. Are these classes free?
THE RAINBOW
Boats sail on the rivers,
And ships sail on the seas,
But clouds that sail across the sky
Are prettier far than these.
There are bridges on the rivers,
As pretty as you please,
But the bow that bridges heaven
And overtops the trees,
And builds a road from earth to sky
Is prettier far than these.
102, LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 33
NEWSPAPERS
1. A newspaper is a printed paper which
tells the events of the day.
2. Newspapers are printed in almost
every language and are sold all over the
world.
3. Some newspapers are printed every
day and some are printed only once or twice
a week.
4. Newspapers not only tell us what is
happening in our own country, but they give
us news of other countries as well.
5. Each newspaper employs men called
reporters and it is their business to find out
what is happening.
6. If there is an accident in a city, the
reporters are sent to find out about it and to
write an account of the accident to be printed
in the newspapers, and read by the people.
7. Men or women who want work can
advertise in the newspapers.
8. Employers can advertise for people to
work for them.
NEWSPAPERS 103
9. People who have houses to rent can
advertise their houses.
10. There are both good and bad news-
papers printed for people to read.
11. The bad newspapers print things that
are not quite true but that excite people.
12. They print stories that are not fit for
any one to read.
13. The bad newspapers are usually
printed on colored paper and are very
cheap.
14. The good newspapers are careful to
print only clean news, and try to tell the
truth about things.
15. A good newspaper helps to educate
the people.
1 6. One of the best ways of learning a
new language is to read a good daily news-
paper printed in that language.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. What is a newspaper?
2. In what languages are newspapers
printed ?
3. When are newspapers printed ?
104 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
4. Do newspapers give us news from
other countries ?
5. What are reporters ?
6. Who gets the news for the news-
papers ?
7. What can men or women who want
work do ?
8. What can employers do ?
9. What can people who want to rent
houses do ?
10. Are there both good and bad news-
papers printed?
1 1. What do the bad papers print?
12. Why are their stories not fit to be
read?
13. On what kind of paper are they some-
times printed ?
14. What does the good newspaper try
to do?
15. How does it help people?
1 6. What is one of the best ways of learn-
ing a language?
NOTE. — Ask pupils to read English newspapers as a means
of learning the language. Ask each pupil to bring and read a
newspaper clipping at the next class,
COMING TO AMERICA
105
LESSON 34
COMING TO AMERICA
1. My brother is coming from Europe
to-morrow.
2. The boat gets into port at ten o'clock
in the morning.
3. I am going to meet him at Ellis Is-
land.
4. I have been in America ten years.
5. I want to tell my brother some things
I have learned.
6. He must exchange his money for
American money at Ellis Island.
7. The bank there is under the United
States government.
io6 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
8. It is not safe to exchange money with
strangers.
9. They often give bad money in ex-
change for good money.
10. It is not safe to ask questions of
strangers.
11. They often wear badges to make
people think they are officials.
12. Any cheat or swindler can wear a
badge.
13. Always ask questions of a policeman
in uniform.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. When is my brother coming from
Europe?
2. What time does the boat get in?
3. Where can I meet my brother?
4. How long have I been in America ?
5. What can I tell my brother ?
6. Where can he exchange his foreign
money ?
7. Is there a bank at Ellis Island?
8. Is it safe to trust strangers with
money ?
THE IMMIGRATION SOCIETY 107
9. Why is it not safe ?
10. Is it safe to ask questions of stran-
gers?
1 1. Do they ever wear badges ?
1 2. Can any one wear a badge ?
13. Of whom should we ask questions?
LESSON 35
THE IMMIGRATION SOCIETY
1. My husband and I have been in
America ten years.
2. We live in a large city.
3. We both go to evening school.
4. We have learned to speak English
very well.
5. My husband asked the teacher to tell
us how to get work in the country.
6. We want to be able to live in the
country some day.
7. The teacher told my husband to go to
the Immigration Society.
8. She said it is a society to help foreign
people.
9. It is supported by the government.
io8 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
10. The society has maps of the country
to show where the land is good.
1 1. My husband went to the Immigration
Society one day.
12. The Immigration Agent told him
where we could find work in the country.
13. We are saving our money to pay our
railroad fare.
14. We can soon go to the country to live.
MEMORY EXERCISE
1. How long have we been in America?
2. Where do we live ?
3. Why do we-both go to evening school ?
4. What language have we learned ?
5. What question did my husband ask
the teacher?
6. Where do we want to live ?
7. What did the teacher say ?
8. What does the Immigration Society
do for people who come to America?
9. Who supports this society?
10. How does the government show where
land is good ?
1 1. Where did my husband go ?
SOME SOCIETIES WHICH HELP PEOPLE 109
1 2. Who told him where to find work ?
•
1 3. Why are we saving money ?
14. Will it be long before we can go to
the country ?
LESSON 36
SOME OF THE SOCIETIES WHICH HELP PEOPLE
There are societies in every large city to
help people who are in need of wise friends.
The Charity Organization Society and the
Society for Improving the Condition of the
Poor are two societies which try to help
people to help themselves.
They do this by finding work for people
who are well enough to work, and by helping
them get well enough to work if they are
sick.
They give food, clothing, and rent, until
people are able to earn money for them-
selves.
Each family who comes to them for help
is asked very careful questions by the society
to make sure they are really in need.
If this was not done, those who are dis-
no LESSONS IN ENGLISH
honest might get the help that should go to
honest people who are really in need.
The Legal Aid Society helps people who
need a lawyer to represent them. It explains
the laws to them, and will help them in the
courts.
Almost every nationality has a Relief
Society of its own, where people of that
nationality may go for advice and aid.
Families who want to go into the country
to live should go to (or write to) the Bureau
of Industries and Immigration.
This society protects from dishonest com-
panies who try to get people to buy land that
is not good, or to work for people who will
not pay fair wages.
There are many, many other societies to
help people in other ways in each city and
town in the United States.
The surest way to find the kind of help
you need is to go to the nearest Settlement,
and there you will be told just which society
will best help you and how you can find it.
THE BLACKSMITH
in
THE BLACKSMITH
Busy blacksmith, what are you doing
At your anvil all day long ?
Horses now you see I'm shoeing;
Making nails so good and strong,
Cling, clang, cling, clang, hear
The anvil ringing;
Cling, clang, cling, this song
'Tis ever singing.
Bellows blowing, sparks are
Upward going —
While the anvil sings its song.
Have you ever been in a blacksmith's shop ?
What is an anvil ?
What are the bellows ?
What kind of work does a blacksmith do ?
Why do horses need shoeing ?
How are shoes fastened on the horses' feet ?
112
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 37
GETTING WORKING PAPERS
Lucy had been absent from school for
three days. When she returned, her teacher
asked her to give a reason for being absent.
" I have been out looking for work," said
Lucy. " Since my father died we have had
very hard times, and now my mother cannot
work every day. I must go to work too."
Then the teacher told Lucy that she could
not go to work without first having a certifi-
cate from school.
" What is a certificate ? " asked Lucy.
" This certificate," said the teacher, " is a
kind of letter written by some one in author-
ity, and saying that you have been in school
GETTING WORKING PAPERS 113
one hundred days this year, that you have
passed the examinations in the 5 A grade, and
that you are fourteen years of age."
" Where can I get it ? " asked Lucy.
" I can give it to you," the teacher said,
" and then you can get your working papers."
" Do I get my working papers at school ? "
asked Lucy.
" No," said the teacher. " You must go to
the Board of Health for them. When you
go there your mother must be with you to
sign a paper stating that she is responsible
for you and that you are fourteen years old.
" You must also have your birth certificate
to show that you are of working age. You
will be asked many questions, and if you can
answer these questions satisfactorily, you will
then be given your working papers.
" It is against the law for any one to hire
boys and girls without these papers. I will
give you a copy of the laws for New York
state. You must read them carefully."
Lucy thanked her teacher for helping her,
and when she went home, she read the fol-
lowing New York state laws :
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 8
Ii4 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LABOR LAWS
SUMMARY OF THE NEW YORK CHILD LABOR AND COMPULSORY
EDUCATION LAWS
(As amended and in force October I, 1911)
As applying to cities of the first and second class, i.e. New
York, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Albany, Troy, Utica, Yonkers,
and Schenectady.
I. EMPLOYMENT PROHIBITED.
(1) Children under 14 years of age.
No such children may be employed in any
factory, store, business or telegraph office,
restaurant, hotel, apartment house, bowling
alley, barber shop, bootblacking establish-
ment, or in the distribution or transmission
of merchandise or messages, or in places of
amusement (stage acting excepted). This
applies equally to work during school hours,
on Saturdays and Sundays, and during va-
cation.
(2) Children 14 or 15 years of age.
No such children may be employed in any
of the above-named establishments or occu-
pations without an employment certificate
obtained from the Board of Health of the
city in which such child resides.
SUMMARY OF LAWS 115
(3) Children under 16 years of age.
In specified list of dangerous occupations
the employment of such children is forbid-
den. (See Sec. 93, Labor Law.)
II. EMPLOYMENT CERTIFICATE: How SECURED.
To obtain an employment certificate a
child must be 14 or 15 years of age, and
must file at the Board of Health the follow-
ing papers :
(1) School record. Issued on application by
principal or chief executive officer of school
last attended by the applicant.
To secure this record the child must have
attended school at least 130 days during the
twelve months next preceding its fourteenth
birthday, or during the twelve months next
preceding the date of application for such
school record ; must be able to read and
write simple sentences in the English lan-
guage ; and must be familiar with arith-
metic, including fractions.
(2) Evidence of age.
One of the following papers must also be
filed, which may be accepted only in the
order named :
(a) Transcript of birth certificate.
(6) Graduation certificate.
n6 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
A graduation certificate from a public
school of New York State or elsewhere, or
from another New York school equally
high may be accepted as evidence of age.
(c) Passport or certificate of baptism.
(d) Other documentary evidence.
If none of these papers can be produced,
any other documentary evidence of age
which the parents may have — such as a
vaccination certificate, an Ellis Island cer-
tificate of arrival, a confirmation certificate,
etc. — may be presented to the Board of
Health, and if approved, may be filed as
proof of age.
(e) Physicians' certificate.
In New York, Buffalo, and Rochester,
in case none of the foregoing papers can be
secured, the parent or guardian may make
application to the officer issuing employ-
ment certificates, for physicians' certifi-
cates for filing as evidence of age. Such
application must be on file for 90 days to
allow for a thorough search for the usual
kinds of proof.
III. EMPLOYMENT CERTIFICATE TO BE FILED.
The employment certificate must be filed
in the office of the employer, and must be
SUMMARY OF LAWS 117
surrendered by him at the termination of
the employment.
IV. HOURS OF WORK FOR CHILDREN 14 OR 15
YEARS OF AGE.
(1) Factories.
Work is forbidden before 8 o'clock in
the morning or after 5 o'clock in the eve-
ning of any day or for more than 8 hours
in any one day.
(2) Mercantile and other establishments men-
tioned in paragraph 1.
Work is forbidden for more than 9
hours a day or before 8 o'clock in the
morning or after 7 o'clock in the evening
of any day.
V. SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR NEWSBOYS.
No boy under 10 and no girl under 16
years of age may sell newspapers, maga-
zines, or periodicals. No boy between the
age of 10 and 14 may sell such papers un-
less he has received a permit and badge
from the Board of Education, and he shall
not work later than 10 o'clock at night or
before 6 o'clock in the morning. All per-
mits and badges expire January 1st of each
year, and the color of the badge shall be
lid LESSONS IN ENGLISH
changed annually. Principals may recom-
mend the revocation of badges for suffi-
cient cause.
VI. NIGHT WORK FOR MESSENGERS UNDER 21
YEARS PROHIBITED.
No person under 21 years of age may
act as a messenger for a telegraph or mes-
senger company before 5 o'clock in the
morning or after 10 o'clock at night.
VII. COMPULSORY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE.
(1) Children between 7 and 14 years of age.
All children of these ages must attend
school as many days as the school at-
tended is in session.
(2) Children 14 and 15 years of age.
Such children must attend school for
the same length of time unless they have
been granted an employment certificate
duly issued under the provisions of the
Labor Law.
VIII. ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS.
. (1) Factories.
The law is enforced by the State De-
partment of Labor.
(2) Mercantile and other establishments men-
tioned in paragraph 1.
SUMMARY OF LAWS 119
The law is enforced by the State De-
partment of Labor in New York, Buffalo,
and Rochester ; elsewhere by the local
Boards of Health.
(3) Newspaper selling.
The law is enforced by police and local
school authorities.
(4) Compulsory school attendance.
The law is enforced by local school
boards whose duties in this regard are
under the supervision of a Division of
Compulsory Attendance connected with
the office of the State Commissioner of
Education. For failure to enforce the law
one half of the public money apportioned
to any city may be withheld by the State
Commissioner.
(The teacher should find out by whom certificates are issued in
the city in which she is teaching. She should also make herself
acquainted with the labor laws of that state.)
REVIEW
1. How is an employment certificate ob-
tained ?
2. What are the hours of work for
children?
3. What children must attend school ?
120 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
SOME CRADLE SONGS
(To be learned by mothers)
HUSHABY BABY
Hushaby baby on the tree top;
When the wind blows, the cradle will rock ;
When the bough breaks, the cradle will fall.
Down comes hushaby baby and all.
SLEEP, BABY, SLEEP
Sleep, baby, sleep,
Your father tends the sheep ;
Your mother shakes the branches small
Whence happy dreams in showers fall ;
Sleep, baby, sleep.
Sleep, baby, sleep ;
The sky is full of sheep ;
The stars the lambs of heaven are,
For whom the shepherd moon doth care;
Sleep, baby, sleep.
Sleep, baby, sleep ;
The Christ Child owns the sheep.
He is Himself the Lamb of God;
The world to save, to death He trod ;
Sleep, baby, sleep. — GERMAN CRADLE SONG.
SOME CRADLE SONGS 121
SWEET AND LOW
Sweet and low, sweet and low,
Wind of the western sea ;
Low, low, breathe and blow,
Wind of the western sea;
Over the rolling waters go,
Come from the dying moon and blow,
Blow him again to me,
While my little one, while my pretty one, sleeps.
Sleep and rest, sleep and rest,
Father will come to thee soon ;
Rest, rest, on mother's breast,
Father will come to thee soon ;
Father will come to his babe in the nest,
Silver sails all out of the west,
Under the silver moon ;
Sleep, my little one, sleep, my pretty one, sleep.
— ALFRED TENNYSON.
NOW THE DAY IS OVER
Now the day is over,
Night is drawing nigh;
Shadows of the evening
Steal across the sky.
Grant to little children
Visions bright of Thee ,
Guard the sailors tossing
On the deep, blue sea.
122
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
Comfort every sufferer
Watching late in pain ;
Those who plan some evil
From their sins restrain.
— SABINE BARING-GOULD.
LESSON 38
THE TRADE SCHOOL
Lucy met her friend Katherine one Satur-
day morning as they were out doing the
marketing for their mothers.
" Good morning, Katherine. How do you
like Trade School ? " called Lucy.
THE TRADE SCHOOL 123
" Oh, good morning, Lucy. I like it better
and better every day," answered Katherine.
" I wish you would tell me all about it
sometime," Lucy said.
" I shall be glad to tell you now if you can
come home with me for an hour," said
Katherine.
Lucy said she could do this ; so after she
had taken the vegetables home to her mother,
she went to the flat where Katherine lived.
The two girls sat down, and Katherine be-
gan to tell about her first week in Trade
School.
" You remember I told you about getting
my working papers last week, don't you,
Lucy ? " said Katherine.
" I took them down to the Trade School,
and they will keep them for me till I am
ready to go to work.
" I did not know what trade I wanted to
learn at first, so they let me go into all the
different departments.
" In one room there were girls learning
dressmaking; in another room they were
learning millinery.
124 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
" Upstairs they were learning straw sewing,
and novelty work."
" What is novelty work ? " asked Lucy.
"It is making different kinds of fancy
lamp shades, balls, trays, and so on," said
Katherine.
" When I had seen the many trades which
were being taught to the girls, I came back
to the dressmaking department.
" I knew I would like that best after all."
" Do you sew all day ? " asked Lucy.
" Oh, no ! " said Katherine, " we have gym-
nasium work and regular school lessons too."
" How much do you have to pay to go
there ? " asked Lucy.
" It is all free, as it is a part of the Public
School System," said Katherine, "and I live
so near I do not even have to pay car fare."
Lucy's mother was much interested in
hearing what Katherine had told her about
the Trade School.
" Katherine," she said, " I should like to
have Lucy learn a trade, but I cannot afford
to do so. She must go to work just as soon
as she can get her working papers.
THE TRADE SCHOOL 125
"If her father was alive, and I was able to
work, I could send her to Trade School, but
I need the money she can earn."
"How much could she earn now?" Kath-
erine asked.
" I could earn two dollars a week down in
the box factory," said Lucy.
" Yes," said her mother, " she could earn
two dollars a week now, and in a few months
she might get a raise to two dollars and fifty
cents or three dollars.
" I wish she could learn a trade, though."
Katherine thought a few moments and then
she said, " I am going to ask Miss Johnson
at Trade School if she can't think of a way
for Lucy to earn enough money to come.
" There must be a way."
On Monday morning Katherine told Miss
Johnson about Lucy. Miss Johnson said
she would call on Lucy's mother.
In a few days Lucy came home from school
and found a strange lady at her house.
The lady said, " I am Miss Johnson from
the Trade School, and I have been telling
your mother that perhaps we can give you a
126 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
scholarship, and then you can come to school
with your friend Katherine."
Lucy did not know just what Miss John-
son meant by " scholarship," so Miss Johnson
told her.
" We have what we call a scholarship fund,"
she said, " and when a girl's family cannot
afford to send her to Trade School, we ar-
range to pay her not more than two dollars
per week. Sometimes all she needs is
money for her car fare."
" Oh, mother ! " cried Lucy. " You said that
if I could earn two dollars in the box factory,
you could get along. Now if I can have
this scholarship and learn a trade too, when
I finish I can earn twice as much ! "
Miss Johnson told .them that she would
report to the Committee that decides about
giving scholarships, and if they thought best
to give Lucy one, she would let them know.
Miss Johnson told the Committee that
Lucy's mother was a widow not able to
work very steadily, and that there was no
one to help her. The Committee voted to
give Lucy two dollars a week, after she had
THE WIND 127
been in school a month on trial. Miss
Johnson wrote to Lucy, and the next week
she got her working papers and entered the
dressmaking class at the Trade School.
Lucy was glad of this chance to learn a
trade and at the same time have an oppor-
tunity to earn something. Her mother had
been working very hard while she was attend-
ing school and fitting herself for this chance.
So she felt she must do her best to become
a good worker and be able to do something
useful. Katherine was very happy to have
Lucy with her, and they are working hard
to become expert dressmakers.
THE WIND
Who has seen the wind ?
Neither I nor you ;
But when the leaves hang trembling
The wind is passing through.
Who has seen the wind ?
Neither you nor I ;
But when the trees bow down their heads
The wind is passing by.
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
128
LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 39
SPRINGTIME IN THE COUNTRY
" I heard a robin sing before I was out of
bed, mother," said little Robert Brown one
beautiful spring morning as he ate his break-
fast of oatmeal and fresh milk.
"Did you, my dear?" said his mother.
" Well, I must look over my garden seeds and
then we will go out and see if the garden is
ready to be plowed."
After the breakfast dishes were washed,
Robert and his mother went out to the
SPRINGTIME IN THE COUNTRY 129
garden and found the earth quite warm, and
the frost all gone.
"We will ask your father to plow the
garden this afternoon ; then we will choose
our seeds and in a day or two we can plant
them," said Mrs. Brown.
When Mr. Brown came in to dinner,
Robert said, " Oh, father, won't you please
plow the garden this afternoon? Mother
and I want to plant some seeds."
" I will," said Mr. Brown, " but you must
be ready to help me by throwing all the
stones out of my way."
Robert was very happy to be able to help
his father, and soon the garden was plowed.
Mr. Brown then raked the ground until it
was soft and all the hard lumps of earth were
gone. The garden was then ready to plant.
Mrs. Brown got up early the next morning,
and when Robert had eaten his breakfast,
she was ready to plant the seeds.
Mr. Brown had made straight rows -across
one end of the garden, and Mrs. Brown and
Robert planted five rows of peas, and one
row of lettuce.
ENG. FOR. WOM. — 9
130 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
Next, they planted onions, carrots, and
beets.
"We will leave room to plant corn and
potatoes when the weather is warmer," said
Mrs. Brown.
" Don't forget to leave room for some
tomato plants," said Robert.
"Now," said Mrs. Brown, "we will plant
our flower seeds."
Robert jumped up and down, he was so
happy. They planted sweet peas, phlox, and
carnations ; and then it was time to go into
the house and get dinner.
In the afternoon Robert and his mother
walked down the road to visit their neighbor,
Mrs. Johnson. Robert had a good time
playing with the children while his mother
talked with Mrs. Johnson.
When they were walking home, Robert
said to his mother, " Oh, mother, are you not
glad we live in the country where we can
have a garden ? "
Mrs. Brown said, " Yes, I am very glad ;
for the country is the best place for gardens
and boys."
THE SECRET 131
VERSES TO REPEAT AT HOME
THE SECRET
We have a secret, just we three,
The robin and I and the sweet cherry tree;
The bird told the tree and the tree told me,
And nobody knows it but just we three.
But of course the robin knows it best
Because she built the — I'll not tell the rest;
And laid the four little — somethings in it ;
I am afraid I shall tell it every minute.
But if the tree and robin don't peep,
I'll try my best the secret to keep ;
Though I know when the little birds fly about
Then the whole secret will be out.
THE DEAR OLD WOMAN
The dear old woman in the lane
Is sick and sore with pains and aches,
We'll go to her this afternoon,
And take her tea and eggs and cakes.
We'll stop to make the kettle boil,
And brew some tea, and set the tray,
And poach an egg, and toast a cake,
And wheel her chair round, if we may.
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
132 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
LESSON 40
BERTHA'S VACATION
PART I
Bertha lived in Chicago, and worked in a
box factory.
She was seventeen years old and had been
at work for three years, but it seemed much
longer to her.
" I get so tired of working day after day,
all the year round. I wish I could stop just
for a week, this summer."
" It would not do you very much good to
stop work and stay in this hot little flat,"
answered her mother. " I wish you could go
to the country, but we don't know any one
there with whom you could stay."
Bertha went to work the next morning just
as she had done for three years. She said
to herself, " I am going to save my money,
and have a week in the country this summer.
I know I can find a place to go."
At noon when all the girls were eating
their lunch, Bertha heard two girls, named
Mary and Rose, talking about the country.
BERTHA'S VACATION 133
Rose said, " Mary, do you remember the
place where we stayed in the country last
summer? "
" Yes, I do," said Mary. " I never had such
a good time in my life."
"Well," said Rose, " Miss White at the
Settlement told me we could go there again
this year if we wanted to."
Bertha jumped upandsaid, " Oh, girls, where
did you go, and how much does it cost?
Could I go too ? "
The girls laughed because Bertha was so
excited, and then they told her about the
Settlement they went to, where they had a
club in the winter and in the summer were
sent to the country for a vacation.
" We stayed a week last year," said Rose.
" We were on a farm.
" It was the loveliest place, and they charged
us only $4.00 for our board."
" How much does it cost to get there?"
asked Bertha.
" The round-trip fare on the railroad is sixty
cents," said Mary.
" Oh ! I'm sure I can save #4.60 before
134 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
summer time, and I know my mother will let
me go," cried Bertha.
" You will have to come to the Settlement
and ask Miss White if she can send you,"
said Rose. "You see, the members of the
clubs in the Settlement have the first chance."
" I'd like to join a club, too," said Bertha.
Then the girls told her she could go with
them to visit their club some night, and per-
haps she could become a member.
The noon hour was then over and the girls
went back to work, thinking of the good times
they hoped to have in the country.
That night Bertha told her mother the
things the girls had said. Her mother was
very much pleased and said she might join
the club at the Settlement, and ask Miss
White about a week's vacation in the country.
Bertha was elected a member of the same
club to which Rose and Mary belonged.
Miss White told Bertha that the farmer
with whom Rose and Mary had stayed the
year before had written that he would take
three girls to board that summer, and that
she might go with her friends.
BERTHA'S VACATION 135
PART II
When June came, the girls decided they
would like to go to the country the first week
in July, and Miss White wrote, asking Mr.
Jackson, the farmer, to take them.
He replied that he would meet them at the
station whenever they wanted to come, and
that he and Mrs. Jackson would take good
care of them for a week.
Bertha said to her mother as she was ready
to go, " If you could only go with us, mother,
how happy I would be."
Her mother laughed and said, " Perhaps
some day we can move to the country, if you
find that you like it."
Mr. Jackson met the girls at the station
with a horse and carriage and let them take
turns driving the horse on the way home.
The horse was a fat, sleepy one and did
not mind having different people drive him,
although they did not know how to drive
very well.
It was just noon when they drove into the
farmyard, and Mrs. Jackson stood in the
door to welcome them.
136 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
She took them upstairs, and told them
that each was to have a room to herself, so
that she might sleep well.
The girls were delighted with the clean,
cool rooms and soon were ready to go down-
stairs to dinner.
Such good things as they had to eat !
Bertha said that everything tasted much
better than the things they bought in the
market at home.
"That is not surprising," said Mrs. Jack-
sgn. "All these vegetables came from my
garden, the chicken came from the yard out
there, and the cherries in the pie were picked
this morning."
It would take too long a time to tell you
of all the fun the girls had that week in the
country.
When they went back to Chicago, every
one said to them : " How well you look.
You must have been off on a vacation ! "
Bertha's mother said, " Bertha, if a week
in the country makes you look so well as
this, you must save your money and stay
two weeks next year."
WHAT THE DOCTOR TOLD MRS. MASON 137
LESSON 41
WHAT THE DOCTOR TOLD MRS. MASON
Mr. and Mrs. Mason and their little baby
lived in a big city where the rents were very
high, and the rooms very small.
The baby was born in the winter time and
his mother had no trouble in making him
comfortable in their three tiny rooms ; for a
fire in the kitchen was all they needed to
keep them warm.
Mr. and Mrs. Mason were very proud of
138 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
their baby, for he was so strong and well ; but
they made the mistake of holding him, or
playing with him all the time.
Very soon he learned to cry if he was left
alone a minute.
Mrs. Mason carried the baby on her arm
while she did her housework, and I am sorry
to say that whenever he cried she gave him
his bottle.
Sometimes the bottle was not washed at
all during the day, then the milk became
sour, and the baby would not eat.
His mother did not know what to do, and
the baby could not tell her.
When summer time came, the little flat
became very hot, and the baby cried more
and more ; his mother walked the floor day
and night to keep him quiet.
The poor little baby was very thin and
pale now, and did not want to eat at all.
One day Mrs. Mason was out doing her
marketing and a friend looked at the baby
and said: "You ought to take him to the
milk station. The nurses and doctor there
will tell you just how to take care of him/'
WHAT THE DOCTOR TOLD MRS. MASON 139
Mrs. Mason asked her friend where to find
the milk station, and said she would go there
at once.
She soon found the place, and, as her
friend had told her, there were nurses and a
doctor to tell her what to do for her baby.
The doctor examined the baby very care-
fully--and this is what he told Mrs. Mason :
" The baby must not be held in your arms
this hot weather.
" Let him lie on the bed, where it is cool.
" Give the baby a bath every morning.
" Put clean clothes on him every morning
if you can.
" Do not feed the baby but once in three
hours.
"Wash or scald the bottle with boiling
water after each feeding.
" Keep the milk on ice until you are ready
to use it, then warm it.
" Every day after his nap put the baby in
the carriage and take him to the park.
" It is good for him to be outdoors in a cool
place, and it is good for you too."
Then the doctor told her to bring the
140 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
baby in once a week to be examined, and to
come to the station every morning to get
milk for him.
Mrs. Mason said she would do just as the
doctor told her. Then the nurse gave her
the milk to take home with her.
The baby cried a great deal the next day,
for he was not used to staying on the bed
alone ; and he wanted his bottle.
The milk tasted good, and he drank all
there was in the bottle.
At night the baby had a warm sponge
bath, and slept well.
The next week when the doctor examined
the baby, he said, "This boy has gained a
pound." All that summer the baby grew
strong and well, for he had the right kind of
food and the right kind of care.
LESSON 42
THE PROBATION OFFICER
The teacher of English was out calling on
some members of her class one day. As
she knocked at the door of the flat where Mr.
THE PROBATION OFFICER 141
and Mrs. Veeder lived, she heard very loud
talking, and then she heard some one crying.
The teacher was just about to go away
when Mrs. Veeder opened the door and
asked her to come in.
Mr. Veeder sat by the table looking very
angry, and Mrs. Veeder had been crying.
The four children were in one corner of
the room, looking very sad.
The teacher said, " Perhaps you do not
want to see visitors now; but if you are in
trouble, I shall be glad to try to help you."
Mrs. Veeder answered : " My husband and
I cannot live together any longer. We do
not agree on anything, and he does not even
give me enough money to buy food for us."
Mr. Veeder said, "That is not true. I
give you enough money, but you do not
know how to spend it well."
Then the teacher said, " Why are you not
working to-day, Mr. Veeder? "
He answered, " Oh, well a man can't work
all the time. I must have some time for
myself."
Mrs. Veeder began to cry again and said,
142 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
" You don't ever want to work ; and I can
never find time to rest."
The teacher tried to make them feel more
kindly toward each other, but Mrs. Veeder
said, " No, I am tired of all this. I am
going to the court in the morning to get
out a summons for my husband."
The teacher felt very sorry for them both,
and for the children ; but she could do
nothing but promise to go to court when
their case was called.
A few days later Mrs. Veeder came to the
Settlement and said she had served a sum-
mons on her husband, and they were both to
appear at the Court of Domestic Relations.
When the time came, the teacher went
down to court with Mrs. Veeder, as she had
promised, and soon their case was called.
Mrs. Veeder told the judge that her hus-
band did not want to work, and would not
give her enough money ; and that sometimes
he struck her when he was angry.
Then the judge asked Mr. Veeder to tell
his side of the story. " For there are al-
ways two sides to every story," he said.
THE PROBATION OFFICER 143
Mr. Veeder said his wife did not know
how to spend money, and no matter how
much he gave her.it was never enough.
" She buys such foolish things," he said.
" Instead of buying good soup meat for us to
eat, she buys cold pickled fish and lots of
cake.
" She does not like to cook, and she does
not like to sew. It costs much more money
to buy food all ready cooked and clothes
all ready made, and neither are good for us."
The judge then turned the case over to
the Probation Officer at the court.
The Probation Officer gave them the fol-
lowing advice :
" You are both at fault," he said.
" Mrs. Veeder, you and your husband
must learn that to live happily, each must do
his or her share of the work to be done.
" You have a great responsibility upon
your shoulders.
" You have four little children to bring up
and it rests with you whether they will be
good or bad citizens.
" Do you think it would be right for you
144 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
to separate, leaving your children to be cared
for by strangers ?
" Mrs. Veeder, if you want to have a good
husband and good children, you must do
your best to make a real home for them.
" Mr. Veeder, a man who is willing to take
the responsibility of having a wife and chil-
dren must be ready to care for them.
" I am sure if you both do your best, you
will make a happy home for your children
and yourselves."
Mr. and Mrs. Veeder promised to try to
do better.
Mrs. Veeder said that she would do her
best to care for the house and to spend their
money wisely.
The Probation Officer told Mr. Veeder he
must work steadily and report to him each
month.
The English class teacher called on Mrs.
Veeder, a year later, and found a very happy
home.
Mr. and Mrs. Veeder both said they were
glad that the Probation Officer had given
them such good advice.
TEN LITTLE FAIRIES
I4S
LESSON 43
TEN LITTLE FAIRIES
Once there was a little boy named Robert
who was very fond of fairy stories.
Every night when he was ready for bed,
his mother took him on her lap and told him
about the little people who were supposed to
do wonderful things a long time ago.
ENG. FOR. WOM. — IO
146 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
One night Robert said to his mother, " Oh,
mother, dear, I wish fairies were true, and I
could see them right now ! "
" You can," said his mother, " there are ten
fairies living with you all the time, and they
are ready to do the things you wish them to."
"Oh, mother," cried Robert, "where are
they ? Where do they live, and why don't I
know more about them ?
" Please tell me just who they are, mother ! "
Then Robert's mother told him that these
ten fairies were his own and would do many
things for him, but that he must be careful
to tell them to do the things he knew were
right, for they always did as they were told.
" These fairies grow strong and willing if
they are asked to do helpful deeds," she said,
" and they grow lazy and weak if they are
not kept busy."
"Tell me more about them, mother," said
Robert, so she told him that without these
fairies he could not play ball, or play with
his blocks, or learn to play on the piano.
" Now," she said, " guess what these fairies
are, and where they live."
A POEM TO BE READ 147
What do you suppose Robert guessed
them to be ?
His own ten fingers on his own two hands.
A POEM TO BE READ
It was an old, old, old lady
And a boy that was half past three ;
And the way that they played together
Was beautiful to see.
She couldn't go running and jumping,
And the boy no more could he ;
For he was a thin little fellow
With a thin little twisted knee.
They sat in the yellow sunlight,
Out under the maple tree ;
And the game that they played I'll tell you
Just as it was told to me.
It was Hide-and-Go-Seek they were playing,
Though you'd never have known it to be.
With an old, old, old, old lady,
And a boy with a twisted knee.
The boy would bend his face down
On his one little sound right knee,
148 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
And he'd guess where she was hiding,
In guesses One, Two, and Three !
" You are in the china closet ! "
He would cry, and laugh with glee.
It was not the china closet ;
But he had Two and Three.
" You are up in papa's big bedroom,
In the chest with the queer old key ! "
And she said, " You are warm and warmer;
But you're not quite right," said she.
" It can't be the little cupboard
Where mamma's things used to be,
So it must be the clothespress, Gran'ma ! "
And he found her with his Three.
Then she covered her face with her fingers
That were wrinkled and white and wee,
And she guessed where the boy was hiding,
With a One and a Two and a Three.
And they never stirred from their places,
Right under the maple tree —
This old, old, old, old lady,
And the boy with the lame little knee.
This dear, dear, dear old lady,
And the boy who was half past three.
— H. c. BUNNER.
THE GARCIA FAMILY 149
LESSON 44
THE GARCIA FAMILY
PART I
Mary Garcia came to America when she
was four years old.
Her father was a farmer in the north of
Italy. He thought he could make more
money in New York, and so he sold all
their household furniture, and they sailed
to the new country.
They had a very hard time to find work in
New York, and the flat they lived in seemed
very dark and crowded after sunny Italy.
Mr. Garcia went out looking for work
every day. At night when he came home,
he said, " In America everything is done by
machinery, no one wants me ! "
Then Mrs. Garcia answered, " In America
every one is too busy to look out for other
people. I can make fine lace and embroidery,
but no one will tell me where I can sell it."
After a time, they both went to work in
a cigar factory, where the wages were low
and they had to work many hours each day.
150 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
Poor little Mary had to be taken care of
by an old woman who did not want her to
run and play, but told her she must keep
quiet.
Mrs. Garcia felt very badly not to have
Mary out of doors running about, and she
said over and over again, " I wish we could
go to the country to live; the city is not a
good place for children."
One day Mary's father read in the Italian
newspaper of a meeting to be held for
Italians the next night at eight o'clock.
The notice said, " The United States Bu-
reau of Commerce and Labor are holding a
meeting to-morrow night to tell Italians how
they can find work in the country at once."
The next night Mr. Garcia ate his supper
early and went to the meeting.
He found many of his friends there and
they talked together until a man came out
on the platform and told them that the
United States government wanted to get
good men to go to the country to work and
bring up their families.
He told them there are a great many com-
THE GARCIA FAMILY 151
panics that try to get men to work for them
in the country, and sometimes these com-
panies are not good ones.
They employ padrones and do not give
men fair wages.
Then the man told them that the only safe
way for them to find work in the country is
through the government, which will protect
them.
He told them of a colony in the South
where they could go and find work in the
fruit orchards. There they could learn how to
take care of fruit trees, and raise the fruit for
market, and when they had saved enough
money, they might buy small farms of their
own.
This man also told them never to buy land
until they had seen it and knew it was good
land from which they could make a living.
When he finished telling them about this
colony in the South, the man said, " How
many of you men would like to go down
there to work ? "
Mr. Garcia and several of his friends said
they would go.
152 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
Then the man told them that they must
save their money to pay the railroad fare to
the South. When they had saved enough,
they were to come to his office and he would
go with them to buy their tickets and to put
them on the right train.
In about two months these men were ready
to go, and were sent by the government to
this colony in the South.
PART II
When Mr. and Mrs. Garcia and little Mary
left New York, it was cold winter weather, so
cold that they were never warm, although
they wore all the thick clothes they had.
When they had traveled a long time on the
train, they saw green grass, and green leaves
on the trees.
Little Mary said, " Oh, mother, we have
left winter behind us ; it is summer here."
When they arrived at the town in which
they were to live, they felt very tired, but
they were happy to be in a warm, sunny,
country which reminded them of Italy and
its lovely climate.
THE GARCIA FAMILY 153
They were met at the train by another man
employed by the United States government
to look after people coming to the colony, and
he told them it was a good place to live.
The rents were not high, he said, and each
family had a little house to live in.
Each man was paid his wages on Sat-
urday night by his employer, and the money
was his to use as he liked.
Mr. Garcia soon went to work, and Mary
and her mother took care of the house and
planted a garden.
All this happened five years ago, and now
Mr. Garcia has rented a little farm ; and they
hope to make enough money from the fruit
and vegetables to buy the farm before long.
Mary is a big girl and goes to school.
She says she is going to high school some
day, and her father and mother say so too.
154 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
POEMS TO REPEAT TO THE
CHILDREN
TWINKLE, TWINKLE, LITTLE STAR
Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
How I wonder what you are,
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.
When the glorious sun is set,
When the grass with dew is wet,
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.
In the dark blue sky you keep,
And often through my curtains peep ,
For you never shut your eye
Till the sun is in the sky.
As your bright and tiny spark
Lights the traveler in the dark,
Though I know not what you are,
Twinkle, twinkle, little star.
"FERRY ME"
" Ferry me across the water,
Do, boatman, do."
" If youVe a penny in your purse
I'll ferry you."
POEMS 155
" I have a penny in my purse,
And my eyes are blue ;
So ferry me across the water,
Do, boatman, do."
" Step into my ferryboat,
Be they black or blue,
And for the penny in your purse,
I'll ferry you."
— CHRISTINA ROSSETTI.
THE LEAVES AND THE WIND
" Come, little leaves," said the wind one day,
" Come o'er the meadows with me to play ;
Put on your dresses of red and gold,
Summer is gone and the days grow cold,"
Soon as the leaves heard the wind's loud call,
Down they came fluttering, one and all ;
Over the brown fields they danced and flew,
Singing the soft little songs they knew.
Dancing and whirling, the little leaves went ;
Winter had called them and they were content;
Soon fast asleep in their earthy beds,
The snow laid a coverlet over their heads.
— GEORGE COOPER.
156 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
PIPPA PASSES
The year's at the Spring,
And day's at the morn ;
Morning's at seven ;
The hillside's dew pearled ;
The lark's on the wing;
The snail's on the thorn ;
God's in his heaven ;
All's right with the world !
— ROBERT BROWNING.
WHEN THE LITTLE BOY RAN AWAY
When the little boy ran away from home,
The birds in the tree tops knew,
And they all sang "Stay," but he wandered away
Under the skies of blue,
And the wind came whispering from the tree,
" Follow me, follow me ! "
And it sang him a song that was soft and sweet
And scattered the roses before his feet —
That day, that day
When the little boy ran away.
The violets whispered, "Your eyes are blue
And lovely and bright to see,
And so are mine, and I'm kin to you ;
So dwell in the light with me."
POEMS 157
But the little boy laughed, while the wind in glee
Sang, " Follow me, follow me ! "
And the wind called the clouds from their home
In the skies,
And said to the violets, "Shut your eyes,"
That day, that day
When the little boy ran away.
Then the wind played leapfrog over the hills
And twisted each leaf and limb ;
And all the rivers and all the hills
Were foaming mad with him ;
And it was dark as the darkest night could be,
But still came the wind's voice " Follow me ! "
And over the mountains and up from the hollow
Came echoing voices with, " Follow him, follow,'5
That awful day
When the little boy ran away.
Then the little boy cried, " Let me go, let me go."
The thunder growled from a black cloud, " No,"
And the wind roared, " Follow me ! "
And an old gray owl from a tree top flew,
Saying, "Who are you-oo?
Who are you-oo?"
And the little boy sobbed, "I'm lost away,
And I want to go home where my parents stay."
Oh, the awful day
When the little boy ran away !
158 LESSONS IN ENGLISH
Then the moon looked out from a cloud and said,
" Are you sorry you ran away ?
If I light you home to your trundle bed,
Will you stay, little boy, will you stay?"
And the little boy promised — and cried and cried —
He would never leave his mother's side.
And the moonlight led him over the plain,
And his mother welcomed him home again.
But, oh, what a day
When the little boy ran away !
— UNKNOWN.
AMERICA
(To be memorized)
My country, 'tis of thee,
Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing.
Land where my fathers died,
Land of the Pilgrims' pride,
From every mountain side
Let freedom ring!
My native country thee,
Land of the noble free,
Thy name I love;
I love thy rocks and rills,
Thy woods and templed hills;
My heart with rapture thrills
Like that above.
AMERICA 159
Let music swell the breeze
And ring from all the trees
Sweet freedom's song ;
Let mortal tongues awake ;
Let all that breathe partake ;
Let rocks their silence break,
The sound prolong.
Our fathers' God, to thee,
Author of liberty,
To thee we sing.
Long may our land be bright
With freedom's holy light,
Protect us by thy might,
Great God, our King!
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