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THE 


Library    Journal 


OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY  DEVOTED    TO 


Xtbrar$  Economy  anfc  ®iblioarapb$ 


Vol.  22 


(JANUARY  -  DECEMBER,   1897) 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET 
LONDON :  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

1897 


z 

6,71 

17 
v.0.1 


CONTENTS. 

CONTRIBUTED     PAPERS. 

A  Congressional  or  a  national  library  ? 7 

Railroad  travelling  libraries S:  H.  Ranch 10 

A  word  on  cataloging Kate  E.  Sanborn 13 

What  may  a  librarian  do  to  influence  the  reading  of  a 

community? A.  L.  Peck n    V 

The  librarian  and  the  patriotic  societies A  ngeline  Scott 80 

The  trials  of  the  librarian Caroline  H.  Garland 129 

Weeding  out  fiction  in  the  Carnegie  Free  Library  of 

Allegheny W:  M.  Stevenson 133 

\  S:  S.  Green;  F:  M.  Crunden;  Linda  A.  East- 

Work  between  libraries  and  schools  —  a  symposium     .   >  man;  H:  M.  Utley ;  Mary  E.  Dousman; 

Mary  Medlicott 181 

Children's  reading:  what  some  of  the  teachers  say  .    .    .    J.  C.Dana 187 

School  libraries Electra  C.  Doren 190 

Developing  a  taste  for  good  literature W:  E.  Foster 245  */ 

The  guileless  West  on  "  weeding  out " J:  R.  Harbour ne 251 

Travelling  libraries  of  illustrations  .  , Hannah  J.  Carter 293 

The  Browne  charging  system B:  W.  Pennock 294 

The  public  school  and  the  public  library A.  F.  Foerste 341 

Co-operation  in  Providence  libraries    .........      W:  E.  Foster 344 

Organization  and  management  of  a  library  staff  ....     F.  P.  Hill 381 

Bibliographical  endeavors  in  America R.  R.  Bo-wker 384 

The  place  of  bibliography  in  the  equipment  of  a  cultivated 

man M.  D.  Bisbee 429 

Corporate  entry :  further  considerations C:  A.  Cutter ;  Edith  E.  Clarke 432 

Books  for  mothers' clubs Linda  A.  Eastman 436 

President's  address  at  A.  L.  A.  conference,  Philadelphia, 

Pa , W:  H.  Brett Ci 

What  of  the  future  ? F:  M.  Crunden Cs 

The  librarian  and  the  importer E.  Lemcke Ci2 

Local  supervision  of  travelling  libraries F.  A.  Hutchins Ciy 

Methods  of  children's  library  work  as  determined  by  I       E.  M.  Fairchild Ct9 

the  needs  of  the  children.    I.,  II »       Emma  L.  Adams C2S 

The  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library  of  New  Orleans     .    .      IV:  Beer Csa 

On  the  literature  of  library  history F:  J:  Teggart €35 

The  selection  of  books  for  college  libraries A.  C.  Potter Cy) 

The  survival  of  the  fittest  among  books E.  C.  Richardson C4S 

A  bit  of  classification  :  treatment  of  Harvardiana     ...      C:  A.  Nelson C47 

The  care  of  special  collections Wilberforce  Eames C48 

The  care  of  manuscripts Herbert  Friedentuald .  C$2 

Notes  on  the  government  and  control  of  college  libraries     G:  W:  Harris Css 

The  London  international  conference  on  a  catalog  of 

scientific  literature Cyrus  Adler Cs8 

Index  prospects  and  possibilities W:  I.  Fletcher C6i 

Some  heresies  about  cataloging Dr.  G:  E.  Wire C62 

An  elementary  talk  on  charging  systems Helen  G.  Sheldon C63 

Reference  work Eleanor  B.  Woodruff C6s 

Librarians'  aids Virginia  R.  Dodge C6y 

Book  selection Elizabeth  P.  Andrews €70 

Advertising  a  library Mary  Emogene  Hazeltine Cj4 

Aims  and  personal  attitude  in  library  work      Linda  A.  Eastman C8o 

Report  of  the  Co-operation  Committee W:  H.  Tillinghast C8i 

Report  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section W:  C.  Lane C84 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Library  Schools A.  H.  Hopkins C8? 

Report  on  gifts  and  bequests Caroline  M.  Hewitts C9O 

Proceedings  of  the  Nineteenth  Conference,  A.   L.  A., 

Philadelphia C94-*76 

Catalog  of  bibliographical  exhibit Ci77-i84 

The  Post-Conference Mary  P.  Farr Ci8$ 

The  work  for  children  in  free  libraries     .    .  ' Mary  W.  Plummer 679 

Methods  of  work  for  children:   the  Children's  Library 

League Linda  A.  Eastman 686 

A  notation  for  books Horace  Kephart 739 

A  handbook'of  American  libraries F:  J;  Teggart 74' 


iv 


CONTENTS. 


GENUAL  Amcuu: 
The   Congressional  Library   committee  and    the 

American  Library  Association »4 

Serial,  technical  and  scientific  publications  of  the 

government '* 

Scoville    Memorial    Library,    Carlelon    College, 

Northfield,  Minn »7 

The  public  library  movement  in  Brooklyn     ...  18 

The  Buffalo  Library  to  be  a  free  library    .    .    .  ao,  144 
The  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section  printed  catalog 

card* al 

UniTcnity  of  Chicago  library  classes 22 

The  gathering  of  local  history  materials  by  public 

libraries.      R.  G.  Tkwaitet 82 

Books  of  1896 83,  136,  194 

New  aids  for  readers 88 

The  question  of  indexes.    F.  D.  Tandy     .    .    .88,  303 

The  Free  Public  Library  of  New  Orleans     ...  89 

Library  Association  of  Australasia 90 

Art  for  the  school-room  at  Denver  Public  Library.  90 

Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  Documents      .    .  91 

Reviews  and  criticisms  for  readers 91 

The  "  new  journalism  "  in  public  libraries     ...  143 

Public  documents  in  the  54th  Congress    ....  143 
Organization  of  the  Congressional  Library,  1897- 

9» '« 

The  Congressional  Library  handbook      ....  144 

The  Peoria  Public  Library 144 

Observations  upon  children's  reading 194 

Pictures  for  school-rooms 194 

Best  50  books  of  1 896  for  a  village  library     ...  196 

Library  Round  Table  Session  of  the  N.  B.  A.    .    .  197 

Library  section  of  Illinois  Teachers'  Association.  198 

Evaluation  of  books  for  children 198 

A  children's  book-mark 199,  257 

Reading  aloud 199 

Miss  Sharp's  lectures  in  Cleveland 199 

The  Hoboken  Public  Library 200 

The  Second  Bibliographical  Conference  at  Brus- 
sels       200,  349 

Opening  of  the  John  Crerar  Library 200 

Libraries  and  clubs.    Merica  Hoagland   ....  200 

A  French  classification  and  notation 253 

Index  to  portraits 253,  302,  347 

Recent   library  legislation   in   Wisconsin.    F.  A. 

Hutckint 255 

Exhibits  of  photographs,  posters,  engravings,  etc. 

C:  A.  Cutter 256 

The  New  York  Public  Library  building     .  296,  390,  744 
New  library  building  of  the  University  of  Illinois. 

/'.  F.  Bickntlt 303 

Atlanta  library  meeting 304 

Publications  of  the  Office  International  de  Bibli- 
ographic    304 

Report  of  the  Congressional  Library  Committee.  305 

The  value  of  maps 346 

Contributions  to  an  index  to  the  literature  of  mete- 
orology.   O.  L.  Fattig 346 

Trials  of  librarians.     W:  Afatknvs 348 

Specifications  for  bookbinding 348 

An  interstate  library  meeting  planned     ....  387 

The  disinfection  of  books  by  vapor  of  formalin     .  388 

Meeting  of  Library  Department  of  N.  E.  A.    .    .  389 

The  tariff  relating  to  books 390 

The  Newark  Public  Library  building 300 

The   Second    International    Library  Conference, 

London,  July  13-16,  1897 391,  690 

The  Denver  union  catalog  of  medical  literature     .  437 


In  memoriam,  William  Rice,  D.D.    Mary  Medli- 

cott       437 

Affairs  at  the  Congressional  Library    .    .    .     438,  693 

"Why  there  was  no  strike." 439 

The  children's  room 439 

A  course  of  bibliology  in  Dartmouth  College  .  .  439 
The  Lawrenceville  Branch  of  the  Carnegie  Library 

of  Pittsburgh.     (Illustrated) 44° 

An  extraordinary  title.    H.  C.  Bolton 442 

Justin  Winsor 689 

The  Chicago  Public  Library.    (Illustrated)      .    .  692 

A  Library  League  at  the  Prendergast  Library  .    .  693 

The  Kansas  City  Public  Library 694 

Use  of  ink  in  libraries 743 

Library  statistics  of  Greater  New  York     ....  745 

The  new  Columbia.    C:  Alex.  Nelson     ....  746 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Documents     ...  747 

Deterioration  of  paper 748 

The  Menasha  (Wis.)  Public  Library.  (Illustrated.) 

L.  E.S. 748 

Travelling    libraries    in    Dunn    Co.,    Wisconsin. 

Gratia  Countryman 75° 

A  gift  to  the  Philadelphia  Free  Library    ....  750 

The  Shakespeare  memorial  window 751 

EDITORIALS  : 

Library  progress  in  1896 3 

The  three  library  events  of  >  897 3 

Future  of  the  Congressional  Library 4 

The  work  of  the  Joint  Library  Committee     ...  4 

The  new  catalog  of  public  documents 4 

Bibliographical  work  in  1896 5 

Printed  catalog  cards 5 

The  joint  library  meeting  in  Brooklyn     ....  5 

The  public  library  movement  in  Brooklyn     ...  6 

A.  L.  A.  special  meeting 75 

Union  meeting  of  New  England  associations    .     .  75 

Affairs  at  Washington 75 

Indexes 76,  292 

The  Free  Library  of  New  Orleans 76 

Copyright  department  of  the  Congressional    Li- 
brary      '27 

The  "  new  journalism  "  in  public  libraries     ...  127 

The  question  of  fiction  exclusion 127 

The  Massachusetts  lists  of  select  fiction     ....  128 

Librarians  and  teachers '79 

Books  as  tools  in  school- work 179 

Bibliographic  aids '79 

The  "tariff  on  ideas." 180,  380 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Documents  180,  340,  735 
The  Philadelphia  conference  ....  243,  29  ,  339 
The  English  International  conference  .  .  .  243,  379 

One  result  of  library  organization 243 

J.  N.  Larned 243 

Libraries  as  disseminators  of  political  literature.  243 
The  New  York  Public  Library  plans  .  .  .  291,736 

Georgia  as  a  library  state 291 

The  library  movement  in  the  South 292 

Proposed  amendment  to  A.  L.  A.  constitution      .  339 

Reincorporation  and  place  of  next  meeting    .    .     .  339 

The  Librarian  of  Congress 34°i  380 

Differences    of    English    and    American    library 

method 379 

Appointments  in  the  Library  of  Congress  .    .     379,  427 

Library  Department  of  the  N.  E.  A 380 

An  English  memorial  from  American  librarians     .  427 

Questions  of  originality 427 

Justin  Winsor 677 

The  Chicago  Public  Library 677 


CONTENTS. 


Philadelphia's  library  appropriation 677 

The  Cleveland  Library  I  eague 678 

The  presidency  of  the  A.  L  A 735 

A  question  of  precedents 735 

Washington  library  affairs 736 

Li  brary  opportunities  in  New  York 736 

COMMUNICATIONS  : 

List  of  subject  headings.    G.M.Jones 6 

A  word  on  "the  national  spirit."    A  member  of 

the  A.  L.  A 6 

Civil  service  methods  in  libraries  — a  correction. 

W:  I.  Fletcher 76 

Books  for  distribution :   notice  to  librarians.     G: 

H.  Baker 76 

The  question  of  indexes.     W:  H.  Tillinghast  .    .  128 
Information  as  to  music  libraries  wanted.    Mary 

S.  Cutler 128 

Opinions  wanted  on  the  Browne  charging  system. 

Nina  E.  Browne 128 

Reincorporation  of  the  A.  L.  A.  "Mac&inac"  .  138 
Reference  notes  on  catalog  cards.  M.I.Crandall  180 
A  word  to  catalogers.  W:  Curtis  Taylor  .  .  .  180 
A  card  from  Mr.  Putnam.  Herbert  Putnam  .  .  244 
Are  books  on  local  industries  unnecessary  in  pub- 
lic libraries  ?  A.  B.  J. 244 

The  children's  librarian.    Mary  S.  Cutler    .    .    .  292 

A  suggestion  for  charging  systems.    C:  W.. Smith  340 
The  "combined  charging  system"  and  its  past 

and  future  critics.    Jacob  Schwartz      .     .     .  428 
A  bibliographer's  dilemma.    H.  C.  Bolton     .    .    .  678 
Book  lists  for  library  discussion.     W;  H.  Tilling- 
hast       678 

A.  L.  A.  photograph  wanted.     W:  H.  Brett     .     .  737 

Corporate  entry.    Jacob  Schwartz 737 

Books  on  local  industries.      W:  E.  Foster     .    .    .  737 
The  American  memorial  in  Shakespeare's  church. 

B.  C.  Steiner 738 

The  Magazine  of  Western  History.    F:  IV.  Faxon  738 
The  children's  reading-room  of  the  Providence 

Public  Library.     W:  E.  Foster 738 

A  "  list  of  errors  in  well-known  books  "  proposed. 

C.-  K.  Bolton 738 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM  : 

zoth  annual  conference,  London,  Oct.  20-22,  1897.  694 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  : 

Transactions  of  the  executive  board 22,  696 

Special  notice  of  reincorporation 23 

European  post-conference  trip    23,  146, 203, 258,  260,  307 

A.  L.  A.  handbook 24,  93 

Special  meeting 91 

Question  of  reincorporation 92 

Proposed  A.  L.  A.  propaganda  appropriation     .    .  92 
igth  general  conference,  Philadelphia,  June  21-25, 

1897 MS,  257.  3°5.  350 

Publishing  Section  announcement     ....      147,  697 

Action  on  tariff  bill 201 

Poole  memorial  fund 203 

Proceedings,  1896 203,  307 

Invitation  from  the  Institut  International  de  Bibli- 
ographic       261,  307 

A.  L.  A.  badge 261 

A.  L.  A.  organization,  1897-98 696 

Memorial  to  Dr.  W.  F.  Poole 697 

Invitation  from  the  SocidU  Bibliographique  ...  751 


STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 

24,  93,  148,  204,  261,  307,  357,  408,  442,  698,  751 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 

25.  93.  '48,  204,  262,  308,  443,  699,  752 

LIBRARY  CLUBS     .    39,  102,  152,  209,  265,  313,  446,  706,  755 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES  : 

Amherst  Summer  School ait,  446 

Armour  Institute 41,  267,  358 

Columbian  University 708 

Drexel  Institute 41,  358 

New  York  State  Library  School 

42,  153,  268,  314,  447,  708,  757 

Pratt  Institute 43, '54,  267,  358,  757 

University  of  Illinois 268 

Wisconsin  Summer  School 268,  447 

REVIEWS  : 

Catalogue  of  the  public  documents  of  the  536  Con- 
gress    R.  R.  Bowker 43 

Hewins,  Books  for  hoys  and  girls    .....  211 
lies,  Annotated  bibliography  of  fine  art     C.-  A. 

Cutter 211 

American  catalogue,  1890-95.    P.  L.  Ford    .    .    .  269 
Municipal  affairs :  bibliography.    R.  R.  Bowker   .  269 
U.  S.  54th  congress,  ist  session,  index  to  docu- 
ments.   R.  R.  Bowker 269 

Thwaites,  Jesuit  relations 314 

U.  S.   Bureau  of  Education,  public,  society,  and 

school  libraries  in  the  U.  S 315 

Weeks,  Libraries  and  literature  in  North  Carolina 

in  the  i8th  century.    6V  H.  Ranck    ....  316 
Contributions  towards  a  bibliography  of  the  higher 

education  of  women     -SV  H.  Ranck      .    .    .  359 

Aflalo,  Literary  year-hook,  1897.    .SV  H.  Ranck     .  709 
Dixson,  Subject  index  to  prose  fiction.    Helen  E. 

Haines 709 

Foote,  The  librarian  of  the  Sunday-school     .         .711 

Greenwood,  Library  year-book     S:  H.  Ranck  .    .  711 

Hayes,  Publications  of  the  state  of  Ohio    ....  712 

Ogle,  The  free  library 712 

Monroe,  Bibliography  of  education 758 

Peabody  Institute,  Second  catalogue.  C:  A.  Nelson  758 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 

43,  «>3,  155,  2'2,  270,  317,  359,  409,  448,  712,  759 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS 

51,  112,  161,  218,  274,  323,  365,  452,  765 

PRACTICAL  NOTES 52,162,32^,414,766 

LIBRARIANS   52, 112, 162, 218, 275,  324,  365,  414,  452,  7  9,  766 
CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 

54,  113,  162,  219,  276,  325,  366,  415,  454,  720,  768 

CHANGED  TITLES 55,  163 

FULL  NAMES     .    .    55,  113,  163,  219,  277,  326,  367,  455,  769 

BIBLIOGRAFY 

55,  113,  164,  220,  278,  326,  367,  416,  455,  722,  769 

INDEXES    ....    56,  164,  220,  328,  368,  416,  456,  723,  770 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 

56,  114,  164,  328,  416,  456,  724,  770 

HUMORS  AND  BLUNDERS    ....     114,220,328,456,724 
PUBLISHERS'  NOTE 6,  416 


THE 


Library  Journal 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY   DEVOTED    TO 


Uibrarp  Economy  anfc 


VOL.  22.   No.  i. 

JANUARY,  1897. 
Contents. 


SCOVILLE  MEMORIAL  LIBRARY,  CARLETON  COLLEGE. 

Frontispiece 
EDITORIAL ' 3 

Library  progress  in  1896. 

The  three  library  events  of  1897. 

Future  of  the  Congressional  Library. 

The  Work  of  the  Joint  Library  Committee. 

The  New  Catalog  of  Public  Documents. 

Bibliographical  work  in  1896. 

Printed  Catalog  Cards. 

The  Joint  Library  Meeting  in  Brooklyn. 

The  Public  Library  Movement  in  Brooklyn. 

PUBLISHERS'  NOTE 6 

COMMUNICATIONS 6 

List  of  Subject  Headings. 

A  Word  on  "  The  National  Spirit." 

A  CONGRESSIONAL  OR  A  NATIONAL  LIBRARY  ?  ....  7 
RAILROAD  TRAVELLING  LIBRARIES. —  .SV  H.  Rqnck.  .  10 
A  WORD  ON  CATALOGING.  —  Kate  E,  Sanborn.  ...  13 
THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY  COMMITTEE  AND  THB 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 14 

SERIAL,  TECHNICAL,  AND  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

THB  GOVERNMENT 16 

SCOVILLE  MEMORIAL  LIBRARY,  CARLKTON  COLLEGE.  .  17 
THE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  MOVEMENT  IN  BROOKLYN.  .  .  18 


PACK 

THE  BUFFALO  LIBRARY  TO  BE  A  FREE  LIBRARY.  ...  20 
THE  A.  L.  A.  PUBLISHING  SECTION  PRINTED  CATALOG 

CARDS 21 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLASSES 22 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 22 

Transaction  of  Executive  Board. 

Special  Notice. 

European  Post-Conference  Trip. 

A.  L.  A.  Handbook. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 34 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 25 

LIBRARY  CLUBS 39 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES 40 

REVIEWS 43 

Catalogue  of  the  Public  Documents  of  the  $3d 
Congress. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 43 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS .  51 

PRACTICAL  NOTES 52 

LIBRARIANS 52 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 54 

BlBLIOGRAFY 55 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 56 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE, 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


GUSTAV   FOCK, 

German  Agency  for  American  Libraries.     Dealer  in  New  and  Second- 
hand Books  and  Periodicals, 


CABLE  ADDRESS:  BUCHFOCK,  LEIPZIG. 
CODE  IN  USE:  ABC  CODE. 


MARKS 

<lf*  trirncr*  fit  Paris.  Histoire  et 
mtmoires  de  mathe'inatique  et  de  physique  depuis 
1'ongine  «666  k  1779.  84  vols 30° 

AlfiHiittnla.  X.eitichrilt  f.  Sprache,  Literatur  u. 
Volktkunde  d.  Klsasses  u.  Oberrheins.  Hrsg.  v. 
A.  Btrlinger,  fortges.  v.  F.  Piaff.  Bd.  1-23.  1873- 
9$.  (M.i  18.) 90 

Anglin.    ting.  v.  P.  WUIcker.    Bd.  1-17.    1877-95.    245 

Anttolr*  4r  cltcmie  ft  de  pliyaiqiie.  Complete 
set.  Depuit  1'origine  1789!  1894 3350 

A**alff  de*  sefenoes  naturellrs.  7  series. 
Complete  set  from  the  beginning  in  1834  to  1895. 
Bound 3000 

Hritrage  sur  Kunde  de  indogennan.  Spra- 
chen.  Hrsg.  v.  F.  Bezzeoberger.  Bd.  1-19.  1877- 


•4 


I2S 

Rt-rlchtf  der  detttschen  botanischen  Gesell- 
Hfhnft.  Jahrg.  i-u.  1883-91 160 

Kihlintrea  de  tmtorfS  espunoles.  Principiada 
en  1846  terminada  en  1880.  71  vols.  Complete 
set. 


LEIPZIG:  Magazlngasse  4. 
NEW  YORK:   P.  O.  Box  2943. 

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For  the  tttontial  ndrantagrt  arising  from  business  communication  with  my  house,  see  note  on 
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IN  COMPLETE  SETS  I  OFFER: 

MARKS 

Journal  de  mathrmatir/ufs  pures  et  ap- 
pliquees.  Complete  set  from  the  beginning  in 

18^6101894 1200 

Journal  of  Philologtf.    Vols.  1-22.    1868-94 225 

1  nst  it  it  to  til  cor  respondent  za.  archeologica  di 
Jfonia.  Complete  set  from  the  beginning  in  1829 
to  1885 1650 

Lacroix,  f.,  Iiettres,  sciences,  arts,  insti- 
tutions, moeurs,  etc.,  en  f  ranee.  10  vols. 
Bound 250 

Lange,  Tlieolog-homilet.  Slbelteerfc.  Altes  u. 
Neues  Testament.  36  Tie.  Eleg.  gebd.  (Mi67.3o).  100 

Microscopical  Society.  A  complete  set  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Microscopical  Society  from  the  be- 
ginning in  1841  to  1894.  Bound 500 

Moliere,  Oeuvres  completes.  Collect,  p.  L. 
Moland.  ae  e'd.  12  vols.  1880-94 54 

Monatssehrift  fur  Anatomic  ti.  Histologic. 
Bd.  1-12.  1884-95.  Bound 300 

Jfaehrichten,  Astronomische.  Hrsg.  v.  Schu- 
macher. Bd.  1-139.  1823-95 1700 

Palaeontographica.  Hrsg.  v.  Dunker,  Meyer, 
Zittel.  Complete  set.  1851-96 2010 

Passavant, «/".  D.,  Lepeintre-graveur.  6  vols. 
Avec  le  portrait  de  1'auteur.  1864-69.  Hlnbd. 
(M.64.) 35 

Pertz,  ifnnumftita  -  Germaniae  -  historica. 
Complete  set  from  beginning  to  1895 4700 

Poggendorff's  Annalcn  der  Physik  u.  Clf- 
mie.  Bd.  1-162.  u.  Fortsetzung  "ff'iedemann's 
Annalen,"  Bd.  1-56.  1878-95 2750 

Prlngslieim's  Jahrbucher  fur  Wit  sen - 
schaftl.  Botanik.  Bd.  1-25.  1858-92 1270 

Rabenhorst,  Kryptogamen-Flora.  Latest  ed. 
Allout!  (M. 250. 20.) 150 

Jteportorium  f.  Expertmentalphi/sik.  Hrsg. 
v.Carl.  Bd.  1-17.  1865-82.  u.  Fortsetzung  :  .Re- 
pertoriiim,  d.  Physik.  Bd.  18-27.  1883-91.  27 
Bde.  u  Reg.  (M. 596.20) 120 

Romania.  Public  par  Meyer  et  Gaston.  Vols.  i 
324.  18724*95.  Bound 500 

Sehlfchtendal  u.  Hallier.  Flora  von  Deutseii  - 
land.  5.  (neueste)  A.  30  Bde.  1880-87.  Eleg. 
gebd.  (M.266.) 175 

Societe  des  ancifms  textes  francais.  Complete 
set.  57  vols.  (728  Francs) '05 

Stahl  M.  Eisen.    Jahrg.  1-15.    1881-96 170 

Transactions  of  th*  Chaucer  Society.  Com- 
plete set  from  the  commencement  in  1868  to  1894. .  625 

Virchow-Hirscli,  Jahresbericht  mit  Vor- 
laufer:  Can-staffs  Jahresbericht.  1841-94. 
Bound 780 

ZeitsrJirift  fur  Rerg-,  JIutten-  u.  Salinen- 
icesen  d.  preuss.  Staates.  Bd.  1-43.  1853-95.  380 

Zeitsctirlft  f.  d.  gesamten  Naturwissen- 
schaften.  Bd.  1-67.  1853-94 25° 

Zettitchrift  f.  d.mathemit.  u.  naturifisteti- 
schaftl.  Vnterrlcht.  Hrsg.  v.  J.  C.  V.  Hoff- 
mann. Jahrg.  1-26.  1870-9? 150 

ZHtschrift  f.  wissenscJiaftl.  JUiltroakopie. 
Bd.  i- 10.  1884-94.  (M.220.) 155 

Zfitsclirift  f.  roman.  Philologie.  Hrsg.  v. 
Grober.  Bd.  1-19.  1877-95 245 

Zeitschrift  f.  Volkerpgycholngie  u.  Spracli- 
ivissenschaft.  19  Ba'nde.  1860-88.  (M. 185.40.).  80 

Zeitschrift  fur  teissenschaftliehe  Zoologist. 
Bd.  1-58.  1848-95 3100 


Hibliothefa  botanica.  Orig.  Abhandlgn.  aus 
dem.  Besamtgebiete  d.  Botanik.  Hrsg.  v.  Uhl- 
wprm,  Haenlein,  Luerssen  u.  Frank.  Heft  1-35. 
With  many  plates.  1886-96.  (M.6o3.) 

Blbliothera  zoologica.  Hrsg.  v.  Leuckhart  u. 
Chun.  1888-95.  Allout!  Bound.  (M.Ssg.) 

RrofkHaus,  Konversations-Lexikon.  14  Aufl. 
16  BInde.  1893-95.  Bound.  (M.ioo.) 

J>*  grands  jSerivain*  de  la  France.  94 
vols.  et  7  albums.  All  out! 

Encyclopaedic  des  ffaturwissenschaften. 
Hrsg.  v.  Kenngott,  Schenk,  Schlomilch,  Witt- 
stein  u.  A.  Bd.  1-38.  Botany,  5  vols.;  Mathe- 
matics, a  vols  ;  Zoology,  Anthropology,  Ethnol- 
ogy. 6  vols.;  Geology,  Paleontology,  3  vols. ;  Phar- 
macognosy,  i  vol.;  Chemistry,  vols.  i-i-? ;  Physics, 
4  vols.;  Astronomy,  a  vols.  1879-96.  (M.sSs.) 

Geological  survey  map  of  England  and 
H'alft.  In  51  large  and  207  small  sheets.  Com- 
plete set  

Geological  survey  map  of  Ireland.  252 
sheets  and  119  vols.,  memoirs  for  sheets.  Com- 
plete set  

Geological  survey  map  of  Scotland.  Com- 
plete set 

Omnania.  Hrse.  v.  Bartsch  u.  Behaghel.  37 
Bde.  1856-92.  Allout!  Bound 

G*eth«'»  Werhe.  Hrsg.  im  Auftrage  d.  Gross- 
herzogin  Sophie  v.  Sachsen.  All  out  to  1896. 
Bound 

Grimm,  J.,  Deutsche  Grammatik.  4  Bde'. 
(Bd  I :  a.  A.)  u.  Register  v.  Andresen.  1832-60. 
Hai  f  calf 

Grimm,  Jteutsches  Worterbuch.  All  out ! 
Complete  set 

Hantlbueh  der  Physik.  Hrsg.  v.  A.  winkeV- 
mann.  3  Bde.  in  Tin.  1896.  (M.ios) 

JaHrbueJi  u.  \eues  Jahrbnch  f.  Mineraio- 
gle,  Geologic,  M.  Palaeontologie.  Jahrg. 
i8jo-94.  Mit  Beilageblnden,  etc 

Jahrbuch,  Xorphologisches .  Hrsg.  v.  Gegen- 
baur.  Band.  1-21.  1875-94.  Bound 

Jahrbuch  dfrdeutschen  Shakespeare  Gesell- 
tritift.  Jahrgr.  1-28.  1865-93.  Bound 

Jahrbucher,  Zoologische.  Bd.  1-7.  u.  Suppl 
i8S6-9s '__  ' 

Jahrtsbtritht  uber  die  Forischritie  d.klass 
AltrrtMnuu-litrntchafi.  Mit  Beiblattern 
Jahrg.  1-22.  1878-04 

J<iHrrstK.ritht  uber  die  Fort schritte" der 
klats.  Philologie.  Bd.  i-ag.  1866-94.  Bound.. 

Journal.  The  Quarterly,  of  the  Geological 
Society  of  London.  Vols.  1-51.  1845-95 


475 

360 

500 

90 

450 


325 
950 

980 
400 
420 


4° 

140 

75 

1500 
700 
200 
420 

560 
250 
450 


WANTED  IN  COMPLETE  SETS: 

Index  lUedicus.  Index  Catalogue. 

Poole's  Index. 


THE     LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


JANUARY,   1897. 


No.  i 


THE  year  1896,  though  it  includes  the  found- 
ing of  no  great  libraries  and  no  exceptional  leg- 
islation, is  noteworthy  as  the  date  of  the  largest 
conference  in  the  history  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  that 
at  Cleveland,  and  for  a  notable  and  wholesome 
advance  in  state  and  local  gatherings,  only  less 
important  than  those  of  the  A.  L.  A.  itself,  such 
as  the  Wisconsin  convention,  the  Indiana  "li- 
brary institute,"  and  the  joint  meetings  in  New 
York  state  and  in  New  England.  In  the  chain 
of  library  associations  the  Illinois  Library  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Library 
Club  make  new  links.  Wisconsin  ranks  as  the 
banner  library  state  of  the  year,  with  its  newly- 
formed  Travelling  Library  Association,  its  li- 
brary section  of  the  state  teachers'  association, 
its  Milwaukee  library  club,  its  older  state  asso- 
ciation, and  its  effective  library  commission. 
Ohio  was  the  only  state  to  organize  a  library 
commission  during  the  year,  but  bills  for  the 
purpose  were  presented  to  the  legislatures  of 
Minnesota,  Michigan,  and  Georgia,  and  ef- 
forts to  secure  their  passage  will  be  renewed 
this  year.  A  library  law  was  passed  in  Utah, 
and  travelling  libraries  have  been  established  in 
Iowa,  under  charge  of  the  state  library.  In- 
deed the  extension  of  the  travelling  library  idea 
is  one  of  the  significant  events  of  the  .year. 
The  system  is  now  in  wide  operation  in  New 
York,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin,  and  exists  in 
some  form  in  several  other  states  ;  it  is  just 
making  its  way  into  Iowa,  and  in  Pennsylvania 
it  is  being  energetically  developed  not  only  in 
the  more  remote  districts  but  for  outlying  parts 
of  the  larger  cities.  The  growing  apprecia- 
tion of  the  need  of  close  connection  between  the 
library  and  the  schools  has  been  evidenced  by 
the  establishment  during  the  year  of  a  library 
section  in  the  National  Educational  Association, 
an  example  which  has  been  followed  in  Wis- 
consin by  the  organization  of  a  library  section 
of  the  state  teachers'  association;  while  the 
tendency  to  bring  the  library  into  closer  relation 
to  the  public  has  been  shown  in  the  extension 
of  library  advertising,  in  the  establishment  of 
children's  rooms  and  "home  libraries,"  and 
is  the  constant  increase  of  library  exhibitions 
of  books,  engravings,  and  works  of  art.  In 
library  literature  the  notable  production  of  the 
year  was  the  volume  of  the  long-delayed  World's 


Congress  papers,  which  forms  perhaps  the  most 
compact,  practical,  and  comprehensive  body  of 
library  doctrine  yet  put  at  the  service  of  the 
profession.  In  England  the  bibliographical 
conference  of  the  Royal  Society  laid  the  ground- 
work of  a  magnificent  enterprise,  while  in  Great 
Britain  as  well  as  on  the  continent  the  long- 
continued  discussion  of  the  decimal  classifi- 
cation seems  to  promise  well  for  the  ultimate 
establishment  of  an  international  system  of  bib- 
liography. 


THE  year  to  come  will  include  at  least  three 
noteworthy  events  —  the  national  incorporation 
of  the  American  Library  Association,  if  that 
plan  be  carried  through  ;  the  European  trip  and 
international  library  conference  ;  and,  most  im- 
portant of  all,  the  opening  of  the  new  national 
library.  The  program  of  the  European  trip 
has  been  well  arranged,  providing  at  very  mod- 
erate cost  for  a  trip  which  will  combine  in  ex- 
cellent proportion  the  conference  meeting,  the 
visitation  of  libraries,  and  the  usual  sight-see- 
ing delights  of  the  tourist  under  rather  un- 
usual advantages  in  journeying.  It  has  been 
decided  to  hold  the  regular  conference  in  Phila- 
delphia instead  of  Boston,  as  originally  sug- 
gested —  a  decision  especially  interesting  from 
the  fact  that  the  first  conference,  from  which 
both  the  A.  L.  A.  and  the  L.  A.  U.  K.  took 
their  origin,  was  held  in  Philadelphia  in  1876, 
so  that  the  association  comes  of  age,  perhaps 
as  a  nationally  incorporated  body,  in  the  city  of 
its  birth.  The  plan  for  the  reincorporation  of 
the  association  proposes  a  charter  by  specific 
congressional  act,  which  will  give  the  organiza- 
tion a  national  standing,  like  that  of  the  Amer- 
ican Historical  Association,  and  possibly  bring 
it  into  official  relation  with  the  national  library, 
with  the  function  given  to  the  boards  of  visi- 
tors for  West  Point  and  for  the  Naval  Academy, 
annually  appointed  by  the  President. 


THE  future  of  the  national  library  in  its 
new  home  is  really  the  library  question  of  the 
year.  Imprimis*  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  latest 
proposition  to  make  the  magnificent  new  build- 
ing a  sort  of  general  pound  for  all  stray  de- 
partments that  are  crowded  out  from  other 
quarters  in  Washington,  will  find  no  favor  what- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


ever.  To  house  in  this  building  this  bureau 
and  that  bureau  would  be  to  invite  the  tradi- 
tionary camel  who  would  grow  and  grow,  leav- 
ing no  place  for  the  library  proper  except  the 
reading-room  rotunda  and  some  adjacent  shelv- 
ing. There  is  grave  danger,  otherwise,  that 
this  magnificent  opportunity  will  be  in  some 
measure  lost,  unless  a  larger  foresight  is  given 
to  the  consideration  of  the  new  library  at  this 
critical  time  than  is  now  provided  for.  The 
removal  of  the  books  is  the  first  critical  point, 
because  this  removal  gives  opportunity  for  re- 
arrangement and  organization  which  can  out- 
line the  methods  of  the  library  for  years  to 
come,  or  for  mismanagement  which  will  result 
in  a  general  muddle  that  cannot  be  straightened 
out  for  years.  Mr.  Spofford  has  been  so  busy 
with  the  mass  of  detail  which  he  has  under- 
taken to  handle  that  he  has  not  trained  himself 
as  an  executive  for  this  kind  of  work,  nor  been 
able  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  modern  develop- 
ments of  library  organization  and  practice. 
Nor  has  he  benefited,  as  was  to  be  hoped,  by 
recent  experience  ;  to  cite  a  single  instance, 
copyright  checks  are  still  unbanked  and  used, 
without  proper  safeguards,  to  pay  off  the  minor 
bills  of  the  library.  It  will  be  cruel  to  load  him 
down  with  this  additional  work  until  he  frees 
himself  from  some  of  the  old  detail,  and  even 
his  own  recommendation  for  the  separation  of 
the  copyright  office  has  not  yet  been  made  ef- 
fective. Mr.  Spofford  is  understood  to  desire 
the  association  with  himself  of  a  board  of  direc- 
tion, which  could  give  more  continuous  atten- 
tion to  the  interests  of  the  library  than  one 
made  up  of  congressmen  alone,  and  in  the 
present  critical  time  he  should  certainly  be  sup- 
plemented either  by  a  commission  of  practical 
and  experienced  men,  who  should  stand  along- 
side him  in  planning  or  providing  for  the  work 
of  removal  and  reorganization,  or  be  given  ex- 
ecutive associates  who  would  do  this  work  in 
consultation  with  him. 


THE  joint  committee  on  library,  which  was 
charged  by  Congress  with  planning  during  the 
recess  for  the  placing  of  the  library  in  its  new 
home  and  the  removal  of  the  books,  did  some 
good  work  in  the  short  time  which  it  could  util- 
ize, and  gave  hearings  to  a  number  of  librarians 
designated  either  by  the  president  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
or  cited  by  the  committee  itself.  It  is  unfortu- 
nate that  after  Congress  had  specially  authorized 
this  committee  to  provide  for  the  future  or- 
ganization of  the  library,  conflict  should  have 


arisen  from  the  side  of  the  appropriations  com- 
mittee. The  recent  history  of  the  library  ques- 
tion in  these  particulars  is  informingly  treated 
in  the  article  elsewhere,  and  a  full  report  is 
given  also  of  the  A.  L.  A.  hearing.  That  this 
library  will  ultimately  become  in  name  as  it  is 
in  fact  the  national  library  is  beyond  doubt,  and 
the  failure  to  recognize  now  this  manifest  des- 
tiny and  to  provide  now  on  the  large  scale 
which  this  implies  will  be  nothing  short  of  a 
national  misfortune.  The  completion  of  the  li- 
brary within  the  time  assigned  and  well  within 
the  money  appropriated,  has  been  a  triumph  of 
executive  ability  on  the  part  of  Gen.  Casey  and 
his  worthy  successor,  Mr.  Green,  and  the  same 
foresight  on  the  part  of  Congress  which  put 
the  building  work  in  such  excellent  form,  and 
on  the  part  of  its  trustee,  for  such  Gen.  Casey 
considered  himself,  in  executive  work,  should 
be  shown  now  in  providing  for  the  library  as  was 
shown  in  providing  for  its  home.  The  national 
library  of  America  should  have  the  benefit  of 
the  best  experience  from  national  libraries 
abroad,  of  the  widest  range  of  professional  co- 
operation at  home,  and  of  the  largest  foresight 
on  the  part  of  its  governing  body,  if  it  is  to  be 
worthily  representative  of  this  great  people. 


MEANTIME,  the  good  work  of  government 
cataloging  is  progressing  in  strides.  Now  that 
Superintendent  Crandall  has  been  able  to  pro- 
vide the  initial  volume  of  the  "  Comprehensive 
index  "  provided  for  in  the  act  of  1895,  by  his 
"  Catalogue  of  public  documents  of  the  53d  Con- 
gress and  of  all  departments  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States  for  the  period  March  4, 
1893,  to  June  30,  1895,"  the  only  wonder  will 
be  why  we  did  not  have  so  sensible  and  useful 
a  thing  long  ago,  and  it  will  be  in  itself  the 
only  argument  needed  with  congressmen  to 
prove  how  wise  it  is  to  have  a  thing  well  done. 
It  is  the  general  verdict  that  the  work  could 
scarcely  have  been  better  done,  or,  as  one  user 
put  it,  "  it  is  the  easiest  book  to  find  things  in 
you  ever  saw."  A  reference  to  the  entry  "li- 
braries "  and  the  following  entries  will  suf- 
ficiently indicate  its  practical  value.  It  is  pecul- 
iarly gratifying  to  note  the  pleasant  word  in 
the  preface  that  "the  Ames  'Comprehensive 
index'  of  documents  of  the  sist  and  52d  con- 
gresses is  recognized  as  the  most  successful 
predecessor  of  the  present  volume."  A  bill 
has  been  presented  in  Congress  to  authorize 
Dr.  Ames  to  extend  the  plan  of  his  index  back- 
ward to  cover  the  congresses  between  the  Ben. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Perley  Poore  volume  and  his  index  referred  to. 
But  against  the  form  of  this  bill  we  must  enter 
gentle  protest.  The  act  of  1895  was  intended 
to  systematize  and  unify  the  cataloging  of  gov- 
ernment publications,  and  now  that  a  superin- 
tendent of  public  documents,  including  their 
cataloging,  has  been  provided  for,  no  govern- 
ment catalog  ought  to  be  authorized  except 
through  that  office.  The  relations  between 
Superintendent  Crandall  and  Dr.  Ames  have 
been  throughout  so  courteous  and  satisfactory 
that  if  a  compact  tabulation  covering  the  pre- 
vious congresses  must  serve  in  place  of  the 
better  but  more  costly  method  of  the  present 
volume,  Superintendent  Crandall  might  very 
properly  commit  its  preparation  to  Dr.  Ames, 
already  skilled  in  this  work  and  already  in 
possession  of  much  of  the  material  for  it.  But 
now  that  we  have  unified  the  work  of  govern- 
ment cataloging,  let  us  not  begin  again  to  di- 
vide the  responsibility  or  take  other  steps  back- 
ward. 

PROGRESS  has  also  been  made  in  unofficial 
national  bibliography.  The  "  American  cata- 
logue "  for  1890-95  was  completed,  in  page- 
proof,  before  the  end  of  1896,  and  the  appen- 
dixes, covering  state  publications,  publications 
of  societies,  etc.,  will  soon  be  in  the  hands  of 
the  binder.  The  "Annual  American  catalogue,' 
nearly  ready,  will  this  year  have  a  companion 
volume  from  England,  as  the  publishers  of  the 
"  English  catalogue  "  have  decided  to  adopt  the 
American  method  and  make  their  annual  pub- 
lication one  of  full  title  entries  instead  of  an  ab- 
breviated tabulation.  The  "Annual  literary 
index,"  including  the  continuation  of  Poole's 
index,  is  in  an  advanced  stage,  and  will  have 
this  year  a  rival  in  Mr.  Brett's  "Cumulative 
index,"  although  this  is  confined  to  periodicals 
proper  and  does  not  attempt  to  cover  the  same 
number  of  publications.  Its  practical  useful- 
ness in  libraries  in  its  monthly  shape  has  been 
demonstrated,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  neither 
publication  will  make  the  continuation  of  the 
other  impossible.  From  France  has  come,  dur- 
ing the  year,  the  complement  of  the  American 
"  Publishers'  trade  list  annual,"  and  of  Whitak- 
er's  "  Reference  catalogue  of  English  literature," 
in  the  shape  of  the  "  Bibliographic  Franjaise," 
the  index  volume  of  which,  although  showing 
the  result  of  composite  work  on  the  part  of  the 
publishing  houses  contributing  to  the  index,  is 
in  plan  a  feature  in  advance  of  either  its 
American  prototype  or  the  English  volume.  It 


is  interesting  to  note  how  American  bibliograph- 
cal  work  has  given  the  cue  to  bibliographical 
progress  abroad. 

IT  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  problem  of  printed 
catalog  cards  may  be  solved  by  the  tentative 
plan  which  the  Publishing  Section  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
has  put  forward.  This  is  intended  to  meet  the 
double  purpose  of  supplying  the  leading  libra- 
ries with  cards  for  all  books,  so  far  as  they  can 
be  gathered  for  such  cataloging,  and  the  small 
libraries  which  desire  only  a  limited  num- 
ber of  cards.  The  new  system  is  in  the  most 
capable  hands  possible,  having  the  advantage 
of  the  facilities  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum  and 
of  Mr.  Lane's  direct  oversight,  as  well  as  of 
Miss  Browne's  personal  skill  and  practical  ex- 
perience. It  now  remains  for  the  libraries,  large 
and  small,  to  support  this  enterprise,  if  they 
really  want  printed  catalog  cards.  Perhaps  no 
system  can  be  devised  that  will  more  nearly 
meet  the  double  need  referred  to,  and  if  this 
enterprise  should  lack  support  it  will  scarcely 
be  possible  to  revive  the  scheme  of  printed  cata- 
log cards  for  many  years  to  come. 


THERE  was  a  field  day  in  New  York  state  on 
Jan.  14.    The  joint  meeting  of  the  State  Library 
Association  and  the   New  York  Library  Club, 
held  in  Brooklyn  at  the  initiative  of  the  new 
Brooklyn  Public  Library  Association,  proved  a 
great  success,  albeit  the  dinner  was  cut  short  at 
both   ends  and  was   a  less  distinctive  feature 
of  the  gathering  than  usual,  because  of  the  suc- 
ceeding public  meeting.    The  symposium  in  the 
morning  on  "What  librarians  should  read"  de- 
veloped naturally,  as  Mr.  Baker  clearly  put  it, 
into  a  discussion  of  what  librarians  can  read, 
Mr.  Dewey  pointing  out  that  a  librarian  in  the 
midst  of  his  executive  duties  cannot  expect  to 
do  personal   reading  in  office  hours  any  more 
than   any   other   executive.      In  the  afternoon 
the   meeting  accomplished  the  impossible  task 
of  reviewing  most  of  the  leading  books  of  the 
year  within  three  hours,  a  most  useful  following 
of  the  plan  suggested  by  Miss  Cutler  for  the 
Cleveland    conference.     The    absence    of   Mr. 
Lamed,  which  was  keenly  regretted  by  those  es- 
pecially who  heard  his  brilliant,  scholarly,  and 
masterful  address  at  Cleveland,  which  so  put 
him  to  the  fore  among  the  leaders  of  the  profes- 
sion, was  caused,  happily,  by  the  need  of  his 
presence  at  the  other  end  of  the  state,  where  the 
Buffalo  city  authorities  were  the  same  evening 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


discussing  the  development  of  the  fine  subscrip- 
tion library  under  his  charge  into  a  free  public 
library. 

NEW  YORK,  although  it  has  led  in  state  or- 
ganization, thanks  to  Mr.  Dewey's  work  at 
Albany,  has  not  been  foremost  in  developing 
municipal  free  libraries  —  perhaps  because  of 
a  wholesome  trend  toward  the  development 
of  important  subscription  or  privately-endowed 
libraries  into  free  public  libraries.  This  has 
been  shown  in  New  York,  Brooklyn,  and  Buffalo, 
New  York  being  the  first  to  emerge  from  the 
chrysalis  stage  under  the  wisely-managed  con- 
solidation of  the  Aster,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
foundations  into  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
and  Buffalo  coming  next  with  the  plan  men- 
tioned above.  The  new  public  library  associa- 
tion in  Brooklyn  has  not  had  the  entire  sympathy 
of  many  of  those  most  in  favor  of  a  public  li- 
brary for  Brooklyn,  since  it  diverged  from  the 
original  plan  of  an  association  to  promote  public 
interest  in  that  direction  and  became  a  public 
library  on  paper,  with  a  board  of  directors  but 
with  no  books  and  no  funds.  Great  credit  is 
nevertheless  due  to  the  enterprising  ladies  who 
brought  about  the  eminently  successful  public 
meeting  on  Jan.  14,  which  took  the  ingenious 
shape  of  a  general  reception  to  Mr.  Andrew 
Carnegie,  the  chief  American  benefactor  of  the 
library  cause.  At  that  meeting  the  names  of 
the  board  of  directors  appointed  by  the  mayor 
were  announced,  the  most  of  the  appointments 
being  of  complimentary  appointees  rather  than 
of  men  specially  informed  as  to  library  progress. 
The  mayor's  letter  made  the  unfortunate  sug- 
gestion that  the  board  might  be  increased  to  25, 
which  would  be  directly  contrary  to  the  experi- 
ence in  good  administration,  for  so  large  a  body 
of  trustees  divides  responsibility  to  the  extent 
of  doing  altogether  away  with  it.  Altogether  it 
is  difficult  to  say  whether  the  new  movement  in 
Brooklyn,  which  city  is  handicapped  at  the 
present  from  making  appropriations  on  an  ade- 
quate scale  for  a  public  library,  will  really  pro- 
mote the  cause  which  all  have  at  heart,  or 
by  dividing  forces  rather  hinder  that  develop- 
ment. The  organization  of  so  important  a 
library  as  Brooklyn  should  have,  should  be  in 
the  hands  of  skilled  persons,  should  be  careful- 
ly safeguarded  from  political  influences,  and 
should  in  its  constitution  and  plans  have  the 
benefit  of  the  best  library  knowledge  of  to-day  ; 
and  half  good  work  is  often  disastrously  in 
the  way  of  really  good  work. 


PUBLISHERS'  NOTE. — The  December  number 
of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  being  the  Conference 
number,  suffers  the  usual  delay.  The  number 
will  be  mailed  to  subscribers  as  soon  as  the  re- 
corder has  put  the  last  portion  of  material  in  the 
printers'  hands.  The  index  to  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL for  1896  waits  only  for  the  page-proofs  of 
this  number,  on  the  completion  of  which  it  will 
be  promptly  issued.  It  is  probable  that  the 
general  index  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  planned 
last  year,  will  be  extended  to  cover  volumes 
I  -21  instead  of  the  first  20  volumes,  and  will  be 
issued  during  the  current  year. 

Libraries  and  library  assistants  are  reminded 
that  a  special  rate  of  $2  per  year  for  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  is  made  to  library  assistants  where 
the  periodical  respectively  is  taken  at  the  regular 
subscription  rate  by  the  library  or  by  the  chief 
librarian.  Librarians  are  requested  to  give 
opportunity  to  members  of  their  staff  to  make 
clubs  of  this  kind. 


Communications. 


LIST  OF  SUBJECT  HEADINGS. 
THE  edition  of  "List  of  subject  headings" 
is  nearly  exhausted,  and  the  Publishing  Section 
is  considering  the  publication  of  a  second  edi- 
tion. If  any  librarian  or  cataloger  has  noted 
any  corrections,  additions,  or  other  sugges- 
tions I  shall  be  glad  to  receive  them. 

GARDNER  M.  JONES. 

SALEM  PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  } 
SALEM,  MASS. 

A  WORD  ON  "THE  NATIONAL  SPIRIT." 
YOUR  first  editorial  in  the  current  [November] 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL  contained  the  following  sen- 
tence: "Thefeelingof  the  Westagainstthe  East, 
so  rampant  before  election  day,  is  directly  con- 
trary to  the  national  spirit."  That  looks  rather 
curious  out  here.  We  have  libraries  out  here 
that  receive  sundry  eastern  publications  like 
the  Sun,  the  Nation,  Harper's  Weekly,  etc.  If 
one  can  judge  anything  by  them,  the  East  is 
not  entirely  innocent  of  malignant  feelings 
concerning  the  West.  To  the  East  the  West 
has  so  long  been  merely  an  instrument  where- 
by they  can  extort  a  higher  interest  on  their 
investments,  that  it  is,  no  doubt,  a  painful  sur- 
prise to  find  that  the  worm  has  found  that  it  has 
feelings  and  has  turned.  We  are  willing  to  put 
our  grade  of  "national  spirit"  up  against 
the  world,  Wall  Street  included.  We  deplore 
any  sort  of  "national  spirit"  that  does  not  in- 
clude a  recognition  of  the  right  of  the  produc- 
ing classes  to  at  least  enough  of  the  products 
of  toil  to  support  life.  We  believe  in  "equal 
rights  for  all,  and  special  privileges  for  none." 
We  do  not  believe  that  the  "national  spirit"  is 
restricted  geographically  to  the  East. 
Respectfully  submitted  by 

A  MEMBER  OF  THE  A.  L.  A. 

LINCOLN,  NEB.,  I 
Dec.  s,  1896.     f 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


A    CONGRESSIONAL   OR   A    NATIONAL   LIBRARY? 


THE  appearance,  the  week  before  Congress 
opened,  of  seven  members  of  the  American 
Library  Association  before  the  joint  commit- 
tee on  the  Library  of  Congress  in  Washington 
has  been  the  most  interesting  happening  in  the 
library  world  since  the  Cleveland  conference. 

The  date  fixed  for  the  completion  of  the  new 
building  for  the  Congressional  Library  being 
1896,  and  the  appropriation  bills  making  pro- 
vision for  the  work  of  each  branch  of  the  gov- 
ernment having  to  be  made  up  at  least  a  year 
ahead,  plans  for  its  moving  and  rearrangement 
in  its  new  quarters  began  to  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  Congress  as  early  as  the  53d  Congress, 
at  its  session  in  1894-95.  In  obedience  to  a 
clause  in  the  appropriation  bill  passed  March, 
1895,  Mr.  Spofford  submitted  in  December, 
1895,  a  special  report,  recommending  as  the 
most  important  desideratum  in  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  the  library,  this  :  that  the  copyright 
registry  should  be  separated  from  the  manage- 
ment of  the  library,  and  a  register  of  copy- 
rights appointed  as  an  executive  officer,  with 
his  assistants,  distinct  from  the  library  staff. 

A  clause  for  the  appointment  of  this  register  of 
copyrights  was  embodied  in  the  appropriation 
bill  of  May,  1896,  but  it  called  for  his  appoint- 
ment by  the  joint  committee  on  the  library. 
This  singular  provision,  for  a  committee  of 
Congress  to  appoint  an  executive  officer,  was 
the  subject  of  a  long  discussion  in  the  Senate 
and  two  days'  conference  between  the  Senate 
and  the  House.  The  discussion  in  the  Sen- 
ate was  very  interesting,  as  throwing  light  on 
the  law  governing  the  library,  as  were  also 
the  debates  this  December  in  the  House.* 

This  mode  of  appointment  was  finally  de- 
clared unconstitutional.  But  as  neither  house 
could  bring  themselves  to  abdicate  the  control 
of  copyright,  which  had  come  under  their  con- 
trol solely  through  its  being  jumbled  into  the 
duties  of  the  librarian  of  Congress,  and  as  no 
motion  prevailed  to  put  the  appointment  where 
it  properly  belongs,  in  the  hands  of  the  Presi- 
dent, the  register  of  copyrights  was  finally 
dropped  altogether.  The  bill,  which  contained 
all  the  appropriations  available  up  to  the  end 
of  Jutie,  1897,  was  finally  passed  in  about  the 
same  stereotyped  terms  as  customary  for  many 

*  See  Congressional  Record,  Senate,  May  ai,  1896 ;  also 
same,  House,  Dec.  17,  Dec.  19,  Dec.  21,  Dec.  22,  1896. 


years,  without  granting  Mr.  Spofford's  request 
to  be  relieved  of  the  copyright  business,  and 
without  appropriating  a  cent  for  the  expenses 
of  moving  the  books  into  the  new  building, 
although  it  was  to  be  ready  for  occupancy  by 
the  first  of  March. 

The  question  of  the  means  and  the  manner 
of  the  necessary  changes  was,  however,  given 
over  for  farther  consideration  to  the  joint  com- 
mittee on  the  library,  which  was  empowered, 
for  this  object,  to  sit  during  the  recess,  and 
give  hearings  on  the  subject.  It  was  before 
this  committee,  shortly  before  the  present  ses- 
sion of  Congress  began,  that  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  gave  its  expert  testimony 
through  Messrs.  Brett,  Hayes,  Dewey,  Fletch- 
er, Putnam,  Soule,  and  Baker  (see  p.  14).  This 
testimony  is  to  be  printed  with  the  report  of  the 
committee,  and  will  form  interesting  reading. 
Unfortunately,  the  bill  which  contains  the  ap- 
propriations for  the  library  had  to  be  brought 
in  before  the  report  and  testimony  of  the  joint 
committee  was  ready.  The  joint  committee, 
therefore,  was  obliged  to  describe  to  the  appro- 
priations committee  the  plan  which  they  ex- 
pected to  recommend,  in  order  that  appropri- 
ations might  be  made  to  correspond. 

Their  recommendations,  in  brief,  were  these  : 
That  a  director,  at  a  salary  of  $6000,  was  to  be 
appointed  in  the  usual  manner  for  heads  of 
departments,  namely,  by  "  The  President,  by 
and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Sen- 
ate." That  a  chief  librarian,  at  $4000,  and 
a  registrar  of  copyrights  at  $3000,  were  each 
to  serve  under  the  director,  but  were  to 
be  appointed  by  the  joint  committee,  as, 
also,  each  and  every  subordinate  in  the  li- 
brary staff,  copyright  staff,  or  custodian  cf 
the  building's  office  were  to  be.  This  man- 
ner of  appointment  was  afterwards  amend- 
ed by  the  committee's  adding  to  the  clause, 
"by  the  joint  committee  on  the  library,"  the 
words  "on  the  recommendation  of  the  di- 
rector of  the  library."  That  the  number  of  em- 
ployes under  the  director  was  to  be  increase d 
from  42  to  186.  135  of  these  were  for  the  duties 
under  the  custodian  of  the  building,  the  only 
increase  to  the  library  staff  being  nine  cata- 
logers.  It  was  represented  in  the  debate  that 
Mr.  Spofford  had  asked  for  no  greater  increase, 
and  had  said  that  with  this  added  force  of  nine 


8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


catalogers  he  could  in  three  years  prepare  an 
author  catalog  of  the  library,  including  the  Law 
Library.  The  appropriation  for  the  purchase  of 
books  was  to  be  raised  from  $4000,  which  it  has 
been  for  some  years,  to  $8000,  with  an  appro- 
priation for  periodical  publications  of  $2500 
instead  of  $1500,  as  formerly.  Any  balance 
remaining  of  the  appropriation  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  building  —  it  being  understood 
that  there  will  be  a  surplus  of  over  $50,000  — 
was  to  be  made  available  for  expenses  of  remov- 
al and  purchase  of  furniture.  This  money  was 
to  be  available  for  use  immediately,  the  rest  of 
the  appropriation,  being  made  for  the  fiscal 
year  1898,  of  course  could  not  come  into  use 
until  July  I,  1897.  The  joint  committee  was 
also  to  be  empowered  to  make  all  rules  and  reg- 
ulations for  the  care  of  the  building  and  the 
conduct  of  the  library.  During  the  intervals 
between  the  expiration  of  one  Congress  and 
the  assembling  of  the  next  one  it  was  pro- 
vided that  a  temporary  joint  committee  should 
be  appointed,  on  the  side  of  the  House,  by  the 
Speaker,  to  hold  over  and  govern  the  library 
in  the  interregnum. 

The  joint  committee  on  the  library,  with  its 
changing  personnel,  was  thus  constituted  the 
permanent  board  of  control  of  the  library,  to 
oversee,  exactly  as  do  the  trustees  of  public 
and  endowed  libraries,  the  management  of  the 
librarian.  This  scheme  for  the  management  of 
the  Library  of  Congress  unfortunately  did  not 
meet  with  the  approval  of  the  committee  on 
appropriations,  especially  the  provision  that 
all  appointments  except  that  of  the  director 
should  be  made  by  the  joint  committee.  The 
appropriations  committee,  accordingly,  intro- 
duced a  bill  with  different  provisions  from  those 
proposed  by  the  joint  committee,  and  forced 
the  latter  committee  to  offer  their  proposition 
as  a  substitute,  throwing  on  them  the  burden 
of  proof. 

The  main  difference  in  the  appropriation 
committee's  proposition  was  that  the  libra- 
rian, who  is  to  have  the  $6000  salary,  the  $4000 
official  being  termed  his  chief  assistant,  is  to 
be  appointed,  as  formerly,  by  the  President 
solely.  The  librarian,  instead  of  a  director, 
is  to  have  charge  of  all  branches  of  the  work, 
making  all  appointments,  including  those  of 
copyright  work  and  the  care  of  the  building. 
They  also  reduce  the  appropriation  for  pur- 
chase of  books  to  its  old  figure,  (4000,  leaving, 
however,  the  $2500  for  periodical  publications. 
An  amendment  by  Mr.  Parker  to  raise  the 


$4000  to  $25,000,  although  supported  by  figures 
giving  appropriations  in  other  large  libraries, 
was  voted  down.  In  every  other  respect,  es- 
pecially as  regards  the  number  of  employes, 
their  bill  coincides  with  that  proposed  by  the 
joint  committee,  and  they  say  it  gives  every- 
thing in  that  line  asked  for  by  Mr.  Green  and  Mr. 
Spofford.  They  make  the  claim  also  that  their 
bill  makes  no  changes  in  existing  law,  leaving 
the  present  management  to  continue  as  it  is. 

So  far  as  the  House  of  Representatives  is 
concerned,  to  leave  things  as  they  are,  rather 
than  to  create  the  joint  committee  a  board  of 
trustees  to  make  appointments  and  regulations 
in  the  library,  seemed  to  find  favor,  and  was 
approved  by  a  majority  of  85  to  27,  the  $6000 
salary,  however,  being  cut  down  to  $5000. 
The  grounds  on  which  this  vote  was  given 
were  the  following:  It  was  argued  that  to  add 
to  the  appointment  of  the  librarian,  which  is 
now  by  the  President  solely,  the  necessity  of 
confirmation  by  the  Senate,  would  put  it  under 
the  control  of  politics,  while  it  was  desirable  to 
make  it  a  life  tenure.  But  a  motion  to  take  all 
the  library  appointments  out  of  politics  by 
placing  them  under  the  civil  service  law  was 
met  by  the  remark  from  Mr.  Stone  of :  "  Mr. 
Chairman,  I  suggest  that  at  this  stage  of  the 
proceedings  we  ought  not  to  put  this  House  on 
record  in  favor  of  a  proposition  of  that  kind," 
and  it  was  voted  down,  73  to  37. 

Again,  it  was  argued  that  the  joint  commit- 
tee was  too  changing  a  body  to  make  regula- 
tions and  appointments  for  a  service  in  which 
it  was  desirable  to  secure  long  tenure  of  ser- 
vice. It  was  declared  also  that  the  head  of  the 
library  was  shorn  of  all  control  of  his  subordi- 
nates by  being  divested  of  all  power  of  dis- 
missal. Another  weighty  argument  was  that 
the  appointment  of  186  employes  was  too  large 
an  amount  of  patronage  to  give  over  to  the  joint 
committee. 

The  proposition  of  the  appropriations  com- 
mittee, conservative,  leaving  things  as  they  are 
save  for  an  increase  in  appropriation  and  num- 
ber of  employes,  having  passed  the  House, 
is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Senate,  whereaction 
on  it  will  be  followed  with  much  interest  by  li- 
brarians. 

The  debates  in  the  Senate  last  May  and  in 
the  House  this  December  have  brought  out 
two  facts  very  plainly.  The  first  is  that  the 
Congressional  Library  is  a  white  elephant  on 
the  hands  of  Congress.  Having,  like  Topsy, 
"growed,"  without  the  moulding  of  successive 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


legislation,  it  is  now  on  the  basis  of  the  law  of 
1800  amended  in  1802,  which  makes  it  a  de- 
partment of  Congress.  But  with  an  aggregate 
of  over  1,000,000  books,  pamphlets,  musical 
compositions  and  prints,  with  accessions  of 
from  70,000  to  100,000  yearly,  in  this  magnifi- 
cent building,  with  a  staff  of  near  200  and  the 
necessity  of  living  up  to  modern  requirements 
for  an  active  library,  it  has  become  a  large 
executive  bureau.  Congress  is  therefore  either 
in  the  unconstitutional  position  of  having  to 
manage  an  executive  branch  of  the  govern" 
ment,  or  it  must  relinquish  what,  for  a  century 
past,  has  been  part  of  its  organization. 

The  second  fact  made  evident  is  that  by 
making,  in  1870,  copyright  registry  a  part  of 
the  duties  of  the  librarian,  Congress  has  com- 
plicated the  matter  still  further  by  adding  an- 
other executive  function  to  what  has  already 
grown  beyond  the  scope  of  a  legislative  body 
to  manage,  namely,  the  Congressional  Library. 
So  that  it  is  unconstitutional  for  Congress  to 
appoint  a  register  of  copyrights,  although  he 
is  to  perform  the  very  duties  which  they  still 
require  their  librarian  to  perform,  in  spite  of 
his  many  protests.  This  librarian,  though  now 
appointed  by  the  President,  is  so  appointed, 
they  say,  only  because  of  a  compromise  agree- 
ment between  the  Senate  and  the  House,  be- 
cause at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  law  the 
two  houses  were  unable  to  agree  on  a  candi- 
date. His  appointment,  they  say,  can  at  any 
moment  be  taken  back  to  be  made  by  the 
j "int  action  of  the  two  houses.  But  they  do 
admit,  apparently,  that  if  they  should  so  ap- 
point a  librarian  he  could  not  register  copy- 
rights. 

Now  the  resolutions  offered  in  the  American 
Library  Association  meeting  at  Cleveland 
spoke  of  the  Library  of  Congress  as  the  Na- 
tional Library.  Mr.  Spofford,  in  the  special 
report  of  December,  1895,  already  quoted, 
calls  it  the  National  Library. 

That  there  are  some  glimmerings  of  the 
situation  among  the  members  of  Congress  let 
the  following  testify:  On  May  21,  1896,  in  the 
Senate,  Mr.  Mills  said,  among  other  things: 
"Now,  this  is  no  Congressional  Library.  It 
has  the  name  of  Congressional  Library,  but 
the  property  belongs  to  the  nation."  On  Dec. 
19,  1896,  Mr.  Dockery  said  in  the  House: 

"This  Congressional  Library  —  it  is  a  misno- 
mer to  call  it  the  Congressional  Library;  it  is  a 
great  National  Library  [loud  applause]  and  be- 
longs to  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 


It  belongs  to  the  people  of  the  United  States, 
and  is  an  executive  bureau,  and  as  such  should 
be  presided  over  by  some  executive  officer  with 
authority  to  appoint  and  remove  its  employees. 
[Renewed  applause.]" 

That  it  is  to  be  a  National  Library  is  surely 
the  only  ground  on  which  the  country  has  al- 
lowed Congress  to  spend  $7,000,000  on  its 
building,  as  Congress  cannot  need  such  accom- 
modations for  its  own  use  solely.  It  is  the  only 
justifiable  ground  for  requiring  authors  to  con- 
tribute two  copies  of  each  work,  as  it  would  not 
be  equitable  to  take  this  property  from  indi- 
viduals of  the  nation  unless  it  was  to  be  the 
property  of  the  nation,  not  solely  of  the  Con- 
gressional body.  It  is  the  ground  on  which 
rests  the  popular  interest  in  it,  which  causes 
information  about  the  library  in  newspapers 
and  periodicals  to  be  eagerly  scanned  and 
sought  for.  It  is  the  ground  on  which  the 
American  Library  Association  takes  deep  inter- 
est in  its  having  liberal  appropriations  and  a 
good  administration.  And  a  National  Library 
it  should  be. 

As  a  Congressional  Library  its  usefulness 
has  been  hampered  by,  i,  insufficient  room; 
2,  short  hours  of  opening;  3,  insufficient  ap- 
propriation and  assistance;  4,  the  old-man-of- 
the-sea  copyright  business;  and  5,  perhaps  not 
least,  by  appointments  made  for  political  in- 
fluence, not  by  merit  only.  Number  i  will 
no  longer  hinder.  Let  Congress  see  to  it  that 
2,  3,  and  4  are  equally  well  provided  for.  As 
to  the  last,  those  who  have  had  experience 
in  choosing  library  assistants  by  civil  service 
or  competitive  examinations  will  universally 
bear  witness  to  the  excellence  of  that  method 
of  testing  the  applicants  and  the  competence  of 
assistants  acquired  through  such  tests. 

Let  Congress  renounce  the  right,  now  96 
years  old,  which  it  holds  in  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress. Let  it  constitute  by  statute  the  library, 
together  with  the  copyrght  business,  as  an 
executive  establishment  under  one  executive 
head  (copyright  and  library  being  two  distinct 
branches),  with  a  board  of  regents,  as  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  is  organized.  Let  it 
give  it  appropriations  adequate  to  its  con- 
fessed national  scope  and  importance.  Finally, 
let  it  throw  open  the  appointments  to  the  nation 
at  large  through  civil  service  examinations. 
The  libraries  of  Italy,  Germany,  and  other 
countries  are  already  so  managed.  Let  Con- 
gress give  the  nation  a  library  and  not  only  a 
monument  of  stone. 


10 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


RAILROAD    TRAVELLING   LIBRARIES.* 


BY  SAMUEL  H.  RANCK,   The  Enoch  Pratt  free  Library,  Baltimore, 


THE  system  of  travelling  libraries,  under  the 
care  of  the  state,  was  introduced  to  the  Ameri- 
can people  in  1892.  In  that  year  the  legisla- 
ture of  New  York  authorized  such  libraries, 
and  in  February,  1893,  the  first  one  was  sent 
out  from  Albany.  From  the  day  that  New 
York  began  the  experiment,  interest  has  been 
growing,  and  more  than  half  a  dozen  states 
have  already  taken  up  the  plan.  The  purpose 
is  that  those  who  dwell  in  a  community  far  re- 
moved from  a  library  may  be  able  to  obtain 
some  of  the  privileges  and  advantages  of  those 
who  have  easy  access  to  a  large  collection  of 
books.  In  brief,  on  the  application  of  respon- 
sible parties,  and  the paymentof  transportation, 
a  selected  numberof  volumes  (usually  50  or  100) 
are  sent  from  the  central  library  to  a  commu- 
nity, to  circulate  among  the  people  for  a  few 
months.  The  books  so  sent  form  the  "  travel- 
ling library."  This  is  the  New  York  plan, 
which  is  developing  along  the  lines  followed  in 
Australia,  where  the  travelling  library  has 
been  in  operation  a  number  of  years. 

But  long  before  the  state  of  New  York  had 
taken  up  the  travelling  library  some  of  our 
American  railroad  companies  were  circulating 
books  to  the  employes  along  their  lines  ;  and 
those  states  that  have  adopted  the  system  of 
travelling  libraries  can  extend  their  usefulness 
by  enlisting  the  interest  of  railroads  and  rail- 
road men  in  the  work.  The  railroad,  the 
means  of  travel,  should  be  made  the  means  of 
introducing  the  travelling  library  into  every 
corner  of  the  state.  The  experience  of  the 
Boston  and  Albany,  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio, 
and  of  the  New  York  Central  railroads,  is  di- 
rect evidence  that  the  effort  would  be  crowned 
with  success. 

The  earliest  railroad  travelling  library  of 
which  I  have  any  knowledge,  that  of  the 
Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Company,  was 
opened  in  Boston,  free  to  all  the  employes 
of  the  company,  in  February,  1869,  and  was 

*I  desire  to  record  my  appreciation  of  the  assistance 
received  from  the  three  librarians  who,  by  their  courtesy, 
made  the  writing  of  this  sketch  possible:  Edward  L. 
Janes,  of  the  Boston  and  Albany,  W.  F.  Stevens,  of  the 
Railroad  Branch  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  New  York,  and  A.  M. 
Irving,  of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio.  — S.  H.  R. 


moved  to  the  general  office  of  the  company 
at  Springfield,  Mass.,  its  present  location, 
about  1881.  The  library  now  numbers  in 
the  neighborhood  of  3000  volumes,  all  of 
which  are  for  circulation  (except  some  500 
reference-books).  Its  circulation  is  about  3000 
per  year.  It  has  received  numerous  donations 
of  money  and  books,  but  it  is  chiefly  supported 
by  annual  appropriations  of  the  company. 
Its  government  is  vested  in  a  committee  of  five: 
two  members  of  the  board  of  directors,  the 
clerk  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  Com- 
pany, the  assistant  superintendent,  and  the 
master  mechanic. 

The  rules  state  that  "books  from  stations 
must  be  in  the  library  Wednesday  morning,  in 
order  that  more  may  be  sent  the  same  week. 
Any  book  received  after  that  time  will  be 
checked  off,  but  no  more  sent  until  the  follow- 
ing week."  Orders  for  booki  are  answered 
every  Wednesday,  and  each  borrower  may 
draw  two  books  at  a  time.  Books  may  be  re- 
tained two  weeks  and  may  be  renewed;  other- 
wise they  are  subject  to  a  fine  of  one  cent  a 
day.  A  revised  catalog  was  published  in  1889, 
and  since  then  four  supplements  have  been 
issued;  from  these  the  borrowers  select  their 
books. 

The  library  of  the  Railroad  Branch  of  the 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association  of  New 
York  City  was  founded  in  1887,  by  Mr.  Cor- 
nelius Vanderbilt,  who  supports  it.  It  contains 
about  7500  volumes,  750  of  which  are  classed 
as  railroad  books,  —  more  or  less  technical. 
In  Baker's  Railway  Magazine  for  November, 
Mr.  Stevens,  the  librarian,  tells  us  that,  "Dur- 
ing last  year  12,337  volumes  were  drawn  by 
1377  readers,  5713  volumes  were  delivered  by 
train  service  to  other  railroad  branches  of  the 
association  at  points  along  the  line  of  the  road, 
and  1131  were  delivered  to  members  at  stations 
holding  special  library  tickets."  The  books  de- 
livered by  train  service  were  sent  to  724  read- 
ers along  the  lines  of  the  New  York  Central. 

Almost  every  town  in  Massachusetts  has  its 
free  public  library,  and  the  people  who  live 
along  the  lines  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  Rail- 
road have  freer  and  easier  access  to  books  and 
libraries  than  any  other  people  in  the  world. 


January,  "97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


ii 


During  the  last  half  century  the  state  of  New 
York  has  spent  millions  of  dollars  on  books 
for  the  people.  It  is,  therefore,  not  unnatural 
that  there  should  be  a  larger  use  of  the  travel- 
ling library  of  a  railroad  in  a  section  where, 
until  within  recent  years,  the  free  circulating 
library  was  almost  unknown.  Such  a  library, 
in  some  of  its  features  both  original  and 
unique,  is  found  in  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
Employes'  Free  Circulating  Library.  This  li- 
brary, after  having  been  moved  several  times, 
is  now  at  home  in  a  large  second-story  room, 
in  the  building  at  the  corner  of  Pratt  and 
Poppleton  streets,  Baltimore,  at  the  Mt.  Clare 
shops. 

In  1884  the  late  Dr.  W.  T.  Barnard  was 
"assistant  to  president"  of  the  B.  &  O.  corpo- 
ration, and  to  him  the  library  is  largely,  if  not 
entirely,  due.  Dr.  Barnard  was  actively  inter- 
ested in  the  B.  &  O.  Relief  Association  (now 
the  Relief  Department),  and  thus  acquired  a 
knowledge  "of  the  sad  lack  of  educational 
facilities  along  the  main  stem  and  branches 
of  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad."  He 
therefore  undertook  to  establish  a  free  circu- 
lating library  "  exclusively  for  the  use  of  the 
employes  and  families  of  employes  of  this 
service."  His  plan  was  outlined  in  a  circular, 
dated  December  i,  1884,  from  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  taken: 

"The  establishment  of  a  Free  Circulating 
Library  for  the  employes  of  the  company  is 
undertaken  in  the  belief  that  such  an  institu- 
tion will  be  welcomed  by  all  classes  as  a  popu- 
lar and  desirable  measure,  and  that,  through 
its  agency  and  development,  much-needed  op- 
portunity will  be  afforded  employes  to  qualify 
themselves  for  promotion  and  advancement  in 
life,  while  at  the  same  time  their  children, 
wherever  located,  will  have  at  hand  facilities 
for  study  and  instructive  reading-matter  sel- 
dom obtainable  outside  large  cities.  This  will 
be  done  without  cost  to  employes  and  in  such 
a  manner  that  the  books  furnished  can  be 
utilized  not  only  at  reading-rooms  (not  always 
convenient  of  access),  but  also  amid  the  com- 
forts and  society  of  their  homes. 

"  The  plan,  in  brief,  is,  by  means  of  contri- 
butions of  money  and  books,  to  establish  a 
compact  general  and  technical  library,  selected 
with  special  reference  to  the  wants  and  tastes 
of  employes  and  their  families  ;  to  print  inex- 
pensive but  carefully  prepared  catalogs  and 
cards  on  which  to  make  requisitions  for  books, 
and  to  so  distribute  them  that  every  member 
can  receive  and  return  literature,  without  de- 
lay, through  the  company's  train  service.  .  .  . 

"  This  library  is  therefore  to  be  exclusively 
for  the  use  of  all  employes,  their  wives,  and 
more  particularly,  their  children.  Its  mission 
will  be  to  exert  an  elevating  and  educating  in- 


fluence on  those  it  reaches.  It  will  supply  cur- 
rent periodicals,  standard  works  on  the  sciences, 
general  literature,  poetry,  historical,  text,  and 
other  books  of  practical  utility  to  engineers, 
mechanics,  firemen,  and  other  railroad  em- 
ployes, and  those  especially  adapted  to  educat- 
ing and  forming  the  character  of  the  young. 
Whatever  is  immoral  in  tendency  will  be  rigid- 
ly excluded  from  its  shelves,  and  its  manage- 
ment will  do  all  it  can  to  discourage  the  use  of 
literature  from  which  unhealthy  and  unreal 
ideas  of  life  might  be  drawn. 

"  It  has  been  created  and  will  be  sustained  by 
voluntary  contributions  of  money  and  litera- 
ture from  the  officers  and  employes  of  the  Bal- 
timore and  Ohio  Company  and  outside  friends 
interested  in  their  welfare. 

"Its  headquarters  will  be  at  Baltimore;  but 
it  will  undertake  to  distribute  books,  etc.,  to 
any  point  on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 
lines." 

The  plan,  as  outlined  by  Dr.  Barnard,  re- 
ceived the  official  sanction  of  the  company 
March  2,  1885,  through  an  order  of  the  presi- 
dent, the  late  Robert  Garrett.  The  order  pro- 
vided for  the  management  of  the  library  by  a 
library  committee,  said  committee  to  be  com- 
posed of  two  directors  of  the  Technological 
School,  two  members  of  the  committee  of 
management  of  the  Relief  Association,  and 
a  representative  of  the  B.  &  O.  Company, 
appointed  by  the  president.  The  principal  in- 
structor of  the  Technological  School  and  the 
secretary  of  the  Relief  Association  were  to  be 
members  of  the  library  committee  ex-officio. 
The  Technological  School  was  abandoned  some 
years  ago,  and  since  then  its  representation  on 
the  committee  has  been  dropped.  When  the 
Relief  Association  was  changed  to  the  Relief 
Department  the  corresponding  officials  of  the 
latter  became  members  of  the  library  com- 
mittee. The  library  year  begins  December  i, 
and  the  members  of  the  committee  are  appoint- 
ed annually.  The  president  of  the  company 
appoints  the  librarian. 

The  library  committee,  as  provided  for  in  the 
president's  order,  organized  and  began  work  at 
once.  They  appealed  for  aid  to  those  only  who 
were  financially  interested  in  the  company. 
They  collected  $5391  and  received  about  1500 
well-selected  books  as  donations.  The  nucleus 
of  the  collection  was  a  donation  of  600  vol- 
umes to  the  employees  at  Mt.  Clare  by  the  late 
John  W.  Garrett,  in  September,  1869. 

December  3,  1885,  the  library  began  its  work 
with  4500  volumes  on  its  shelves,  3000  of  which 
had  been  purchased.  The  first  year  16,120  vol- 
umes were  circulated,  4850  at  Mt.  Clare,  and 
the  remainder  at  different  stations  on  the  lines 


12 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


of  the  B.  &  O.  The  circulation  for  the  second 
year  was  23,514;  for  the  third  year,  23,470,  a 
slight  decrease.  The  fourth  year  showed  an 
increase  of  more  than  2000  over  the  previous 
year;  and  since  then  there  has  been  a  steady 
growth  in  the  circulation.  The  circulation  for 
1895  was  37,702,  and  in  1896,  2500  borrowers 
drew  39,505  volumes  from  the  library.  Since 
1885  more  than  300,000  volumes  have  been 
drawn. 

These  books  travel  as  far  westward  as  the 
Mississippi  River,  through  eight  great  states, 
and  over  a  railway  system  approximating  3000 
miles.  They  are  delivered  to  borrowers 
through  local  agents,  and  the  average  time, 
from  the  placing  of  an  order  for  a  book  in 
the  hands  of  an  agent  until  the  book  called 
for  is  in  his  hands,  is  now  less  than  24  hours 
for  the  entire  system.  The  library  uses  674 
agencies,  each  agency  serving  as  a  deliv- 
ery-station for  the  employes  of  the  commu- 
nity or  department. 

Along  with  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
books  used  there  has  been  a  decrease  in  the 
percentage  of  fiction.  The  first  year  64  per 
cent,  of  the  circulation  was  fiction;  the  percent- 
age of  fiction  is  now  less  than  53  per  cent. 

A  book  may  be  retained  two  weeks,  and  may 
be  once  renewed  for  a  like  period,  or  oftener, 
if  no  application  for  it  is  on  file.  There  is  a 
fine  of  one  cent  per  day  on  books  kept  over 
time,  but  a  margin  of  three  days  is  allowed  to 
cover  the  time  consumed  in  transit. 

On  leaving  the  service  of  the  company  all 
books  must  be  returned  before  pay-vouchers 
are  cashed;  otherwise  the  value  of  the  book 
will  be  deducted  from  the  wages  of  the  em- 
ploye. 

The  whole  system  of  sending  out  and  return- 
ing a  book  is  similar  to  that  of  the  registry  de- 
partment of  the  post-office.  Every  person  who 
handles  a  package  receipts  for  it,  so  that  it  is 
possible  to  trace  anything  that  may  be  lost. 
The  company  is  responsible  for  all  books  in 
transit,  and  it  exacts  the  same  care  in  the 
handling  of  library  property  that  is  required 
for  all  other  property. 

The  system  of  ordering  and  charging  books 
for  circulation  is  very  simple.  The  borrower 
fills  out  a  requisition  blank,  that  is,  by  writing 
the  name  and  call  numbers  of  the  books  he 
wants,  which  he  selects  from  printed  catalogs, 
and  by  signing  his  name  and  address  and  the 
department  in  which  he  is  employed.  The 
requisition  is  then  countersigned  by  the  agent 


through  whom  he  wishes  to  get  the  book,  and 
it  is  sent  to  the  librarian  at  Mt.  Clare,  Balti- 
more. The  librarian  takes  the  first  book  on  the 
list  (using  his  discretion,  however,  in  case  of 
fiction,  to  select  for  the  reader),  and  then 
makes  out  a  record-card  for  the  transaction. 
On  this  card  is  entered  the  date,  the  requisi- 
tion, book,  agency  and  package  number,  and 
the  name  of  the  borrower.  The  card  is  filed 
in  the  order  of  the  book  number.  Another  en- 
try is  made  on  a  card  under  the  agency  num- 
ber. This  entry  shows  how  many  and  what 
books  are  at  any  agency  at  any  time.  When  a 
book  is  returned  its  number  is  marked  off  on 
the  agency  card,  and  the  charge  on  the  card 
filed  under  the  book  number  is  cancelled.  A 
new  series  of  requisition  numbers  begins  every 
year  on  the  first  of  December,  and  the  requisi- 
tion number  is  always  the  total  circulation  of 
the  fiscal  year  to  date. 

After  all  entries  have  been  duly  made  and 
the  requisitions  have  been  stamped  and  dated, 
the  books  are  wrapped  in  packages.  These 
packages  are  then  stamped  and  labelled  for 
delivery  through  the  baggage  department  to 
the  agents  along  the  lines.  Several  agencies 
take  such  a  number  of  books  that  satchels  are 
used  in  carrying  them  back  and  forth. 

To  prolong  the  life  and  usefulness  of  the 
books,  and  at  the  lowest  possible  cost,  the  li- 
brarian uses  for  binding  and  repair  the  leather 
from  worn  car-seats,  which  he  gets  from  the 
passenger-car  repair-shops.  The  leather  is 
practically  useless  when  it  is  removed  from  the 
seats,  but  the  pieces  he  is  able  to  get  makes  a 
binding  that  is  both  neat  and, durable. 

Mr.  Irving,  the  enthusiastic  librarian,  and 
his  assistants  are  busy  getting  books  ready 
"  to  catch  trains,"  and  when  the  trains  for  the 
day  have  been  "caught,"  he  will  be  able  to 
talk  to  you  about  his  work,  but  not  before. 
Once  a  year  he  goes  over  the  lines,  visiting  all 
the  agents  in  the  interest  of  the  library.  This 
is  done  during  the  summer,  when,  for  about 
four  weeks,  the  library  is  closed. 

The  library  now  contains  about  14,000  vol- 
umes. There  have  been  few  additions  since 
the  B.  &  O.  Company  has  been  in  financial 
straits.  Gifts  of  suitable  books  will  be  gladly 
received. 

Corporations,  like  individuals,  are  recog- 
nizing that  their  duty  to  those  they  employ  is 
not  complete  on  the  payment  of  the  stipulated 
wage.  Hence  it  is  that  relief  departments, 
Young  Men's  Christian  Associations,  and  other 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


helpful  organizations  are  established  or  en- 
couraged by  so  many  of  our  railroads.  These 
organizations  raise  men  to  a  higher  physical, 
intellectual,  and  moral  plane  of  life  —  the  very 
fundamentals  of  faithful  service.  In  other 
words,  it  pays  to  have  some  regard  for  the  men 
outside  of  working  hours. 

The  force  of  good  books  in  our  daily  lives  is 
being  felt  and  recognized  more  and  more  every 
day.  To  the  section  hand  and  his  family,  liv- 


ing in  rock-bound  isolation,  to  the  operator  in 
the  signal-tower,  waiting  for  the  click  of  his 
instrument  to  call  him  to  duty,  to  railroad 
workingmen  everywhere  along  the  company's 
lines,  the  books  from  Baltimore  are  bringing 
sunshine  ;  and  in  the  economy  of  the  universe 
I  fancy  that  it  is  no  less  important  to  cause 
such  sunshine  than  it  is  to  cause  two  green 
blades  to  grow  where  now  there  grows  but 
one. 


.  A  WORD  ON  CATALOGING. 

BY  KATE  EMERY  SANBORN,  Librarian  Manchester  (IV.  H.)  City  Library. 


WHILE  reading  Mr.  Fletcher's  article  on 
"  Corporate  authorship "  in  the  November 
number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  I  discovered 
an  additional  advantage  in  a  method  of  cata- 
loging certain  books  which  had  already  proved 
to  have  many  advantages  over  an  older  cus- 
tom. I  refer  to  the  practice  of  entering  books 
on  an  art  or  science  relating  to  a  particular 
place,  under  ffhe  art  or  science  rather  than 
under  the  place.  This  was  recommended  by 
the  committee  on  an  index  to  subject  headings 
in  its  report  to  the  Chicago  conference.  I  do 
not  know  to  what  extent  it  has  been  adopted  by 
other  libraries,  but  I  am  following  it  in  the 
making  of  a  new  dictionary  catalog,  and  with 
success  and  profit.  Mr.  Fletcher  speaks  of  the 
mass  of  entries  which  accumulate  under  a 
country  or  state  which  is  considered  as  the  au- 
thor of  its  reports,  etc.,  and  the  inconvenience 
of  the  entry  being  an  author  entry  instead  of 
a  subject  entry,  and  he  cites  as  an  example  the 
Massachusetts  Board  of  Education  reports  as 
entered  in  the  Boston  Athenaeum  catalog.  It 
is  not  my  purpose  to  consider  the  matter  of 
corporate  authorship,  but  to  point  out  that  this 
inconvenience  may  be  lessened  by  the  subject 
entry  being  made  under  the  subject,  with  coun- 
try divisions  when  necessary.  Thus,  under 
Massachusetts,  Board  of  Education,  would  be 
entered  all  its  reports,  since  the  Board  is  held  to 
be  the  author  of  its  reports,  but  they  would  also 
be  entered  under  Education,  with  a  subdivision 
for  Massachusetts.  The  same  rule  is  followed 
with  agricultural  and  geological  reports,  etc. 
This  method  has  all  the  advantages  of  double 
entry,  the  reports  appearing  both  under  the 
subject,  as  subject,  and  under  the  place,  as  au- 
thor. While  it  does  not  reduce  the  number  of 


entries  under  the  state  as  author,  the  subject  en- 
tries are  fewer  since  these  are  made  under  the 
various  subjects  instead  of  under  the  state. 

And  this  was  the  object  of  the  committee's 
recommendation  mentioned  above  —  to  reduce 
the  number  of  subheads  occurring  under  coun- 
tries. But  its  chief  raison  d'etre  to  my  mind  is 
in  its  usefulness  to  the  consulters  of  the  catalog. 

It  is  both  interesting  and  profitable  to  study 
the  attitude  of  mind  with  which  the  average 
user  of  a  library  approaches  the  catalog,  espe- 
cially if  he  be  unbiassed  by  any  previous  expe- 
rience with  either  dictionary  or  classed  cata- 
logs. 

Believing  that,  theoretically,  this  manner  of 
entry  was  preferable  to  the  opposite  method,  I 
have  taken  pains  to  notice  how  our  readers 
look  for  such  books  on  the  catalog,  in  order  to 
ascertain  how  it  works  practically.  I  find  that 
people  look,  without  exception,  under  the  sub- 
ject for  any  book  on  that  subject  relating  to  a 
particular  place. 

Members  of  the  Historic  Art  Club  look  in- 
variably under  Arts,  fine,  for  a  history  of  art 
in  any  country,  and  it  apparently  does  not  oc- 
cur to  their  minds  to  look  under  the  country 
first. 

Thus,  in  my  experience,  theory  and  practice 
agree,  and  so  far  as  the  catalog  is  now  extend- 
ed, I  am  much  pleased  with  the  result  attained. 

As  to  the  subheads  which  do  occur  under 
countries,  states,  and  cities,  I  follow  the  list 
given  in  the  committee's  report,  and  published 
in  the  conference  number  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  for  1893.  It  seems  so  satisfactory  in 
every  way  that  I  can  advise  all  who  are  begin- 
ning a  dictionary  catalog  to  "go  and  do  like- 
wise." 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


THE   CONGRESSIONAL   LIBRARY   COM- 
MITTEE AND  THE  AMERICAN 
LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

To  librarians  the  specially  interesting  feature 
of  the  work  done  by  the  joint  committee  on  the 
Congressional  Library  in  its  recent  sessions 
was  the  hearing  given  to  members  of  the 
American  Library  Association  by  that  com- 
mittee on  Dec.  I  and  2.  An  executive  session 
had  preceded  (as  in  fact  one  followed)  this 
hearing,  at  which  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Spof- 
ford  was  taken  in  detail  in  regard  to  the 
arrangement  of  the  books,  the  methods  of  cata- 
loging and  the  catalogs  now  available,  and  the 
present  condition  of  the  library  as  regards  its 
practical  use. 

At  the  hearing  on  Tuesday  and  Wednesday, 
Dec.  i  and  a,  there  were  sitting  of  the  com- 
mittee Senator  Wetmore  (temporary  chairman), 
a'nd  Represenatives  Quigg,  Gumming,  and 
Harmer.  The  following  members  of  the  A.  L. 
A.  were  called  upon  to  testify:  W:  H.  Brett, 
president;  R.  P.  Hayes,  secretary ;  Melvil 
Dewey,  of  the  N.  Y.  State  Library;  Herbert 
Putnam,  of  the  Boston  Public  Library;  C:  C. 
Soule,  trustee  of  the  Brookline  Public  Library; 
W:  I.  Fletcher,  of  Amherst  College  Library, 
and  G:  H.  Baker,  of  Columbia  University  Li- 
brary. 

Certain  of  those  named  had  been  invited 
directly  by  the  committee;  others  appeared  in 
response  to  the  suggestions  of  the  president  of 
the  A.  L.  A.,  but  as  a  whole  they  appeared  in 
response  to  the  request  of  the  joint  committee, 
which  took  the  initiative,  and  not  because  a 
hearing  had  been  requested  by  the  A.  L.  A.,  or 
by  them  individually. 

The  matter  of  the  hearing  concerned  (i)  The 
proper  scope  of  the  national  library,  both  as  to 
the  material  it  should  gather  and  the  service 
it  should  render;  and  (2)  the  reorganization 
of  the  library  upon  its  removal  to  the  new 
building.  The  examination  was  conducted  by 
Mr.  Quigg  in  the  form  of  direct  questions,  and 
the  testimony,  which  was  taken  down,  will 
presumably  form  part  of  the  voluminous  report 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  joint  committee, 
which  will  later  be  printed. 

Mr.  Dewey  was  one  of  the  first  to  be  ex- 
amined when  the  hearing  opened  on  the  morn- 
ing of  Tuesday,  Dec.  i.  He  said  that  the 
library  should  be  made  the  national  head  of 
the  libraries  of  the  United  States,  and  that 
its  equipment  should  be  proportionate  to  its 
importance.  It  should  possess  comprehensive 
and  up-to-date  catalogs  and  indexes  of  its  con- 
tents—  on  the  fully  classified,  or  dictionary 
plan— it  should  be  the  centre  of  library  activity 
in  the  country  and  "  a  great  national  university 
in  itself."  It  should  be  systematically  and 
thoroughly  classified,  and  each  division  should 
be  in  charge  of  a  specialist  in  that  line  of 
research.  The  librarian  should  have  executive 
control  of  the  library,  but  his  force  should  be 
largely  increased,  and  his  work  should  be  di- 
rective oversight,  not  details  of  routine.  Mr. 
Dewey  explained  at  length  the  work  done  by 
the  New  York  State  Library,  especially  in  its 


correspondence  department  and  travelling  li- 
brary system,  and  recommended  that  the  former 
be  made  a  prominent  feature  in  the  work  of 
the  national  library.  He  did  not  think  that 
the  increase  of  32  attendants  provided  for  in 
Mr.  Spofford's  estimate  could  do  all  the  work 
that  would  be  imposed  upon  them  in  the  new 
library.  He  described  in  detail  modern  meth- 
ods of  classifying  and  cataloging,  and  thought 
that  not  less  than  20  persons  would  be  required 
to  start  work  in  that  department  alone. 

Mr.  Soule  said  that  the  library  should  be  a 
reference  library  for  every  citizen  in  the  coun- 
try, and  should  be  the  national  centre  of  educa- 
tional interests.  He  thought  that  20  catalogeis 
would  be  the  minimum  number  required,  and 
he  would  take  the  salary  list  of  the  British 
Museum  as  the  best  criterion  of  an  adequate 
force  of  employes  for  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary. Mr.  Dewey  was  later  recalled  and 
asked  what  force  he  thought  necessary  to 
properly  conduct  the  library.  He  replied  that 
it  depended  greatly  upon  the  administration  of 
the  library,  but  that  there  should  be  not  less 
than  100  employes  to  begin  with,  of  which 
number  60  should  be  catalogers  and  librarians. 

The  civil  service  system  came  up  for  discus- 
sion, when  Mr.  Dewey  said  that  in  the  selec- 
tion of  employes  civil  service  rules  should 
apply.  Mr.  Quigg  said  it  was  the  historic 
policy  of  Congress  to  employ  its  own  servants 
and  not  to  get  them  from  the  civil  service,  and 
the  committee  may  not  deem  it  best  to  inaugu- 
rate a  new  policy.  He  therefore  asked  what 
would  be  thought  of  establishing  a  board  of 
examiners,  consisting  of  prominent  librarians, 
operating  under  direction  of  Mr.  Spofford  and 
the  joint  committee,  to  choose  the  employes  for 
the  new  library.  This,  Mr.  Dewey  thought, 
would  be  a  satisfactory  method,  and  he  be- 
lieved the  librarians  of  the  country  would  be 
glad  to  serve  in  such  a  capacity.  The  question 
of  removing  the  library  from  direct  congres- 
sional control,  and  providing  for  its  govern- 
ment as  an  executive  department  under  a 
board  of  trustees  or  regents,  was  then  dis- 
cussed. 

Mr.  Herbert  Putnam  was  then  examined,  and 
in  response  to  questions  described  the  scope, 
organization,  and  methods  of  administration  of 
the  Boston  Public  Library,  with  especial  refer- 
ence to  the  appointment  of  employes.  He 
doubted  the  practicability  of  throwing  upon 
the  administration  of  the  national  library  any 
features  aside  from  the  natural  functions  of  a 
national  library.  He  did  not  believe  that  eight 
catalogers,  as  proposed,  could  do  the  work  of 
the  library,  and  thought  that  at  least  30  would 
be  required  to  begin  with. 

The  session  was  resumed  at  8  o'clock  Tues- 
day evening,  when  Mr.  Putnam  described  the 
method  of  removal  of  the  Boston  Public  Library 
to  its  new  building,  and  also  explained  the 
system  of  cataloging  in  use  at  the  library. 
Revertine  to  the  matter  of  the  selection  of  em- 
ployes, Mr.  Quigg  asked  Mr.  Putnam  if  he 
would  be  willing  to  submit  to  choosing  from 
a  list  of  two  or  three  persons  certified  by  a 
board  of  examiners  over  which  he  had  no 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


control.  The  reply  was  in  the  affirmative,  if 
such  choice  were  the  alternative  of  a  greater 
embarrassment.  The  suggestion  that  appoint- 
ments should  be  made  by  the  joint  commit- 
tee, on  recommendation  of  the  librarian,  was 
considered  a  good  one  if  the  librarian  were 
freed  from  all  political  pressure. 

Mr.  G:  H.  Baker,  of  Columbia  University 
Library,  was  then  questioned  as  to  the  methods 
followed  at  Columbia.  In  regard  to  the  na- 
tional library,  he  thought  it  should  be  con- 
trolled by  a  board  of  trustees  rather  than  by  a 
committee  of  Congress,  the  tenure  of  office  of 
the  former  being  more  permanent.  The  trus- 
tees would  be  men  familiar  with  libraries, 
whereas  if  any  members  of  the  congressional 
committee  possessed  such  familiarity  it  would 
be  by  a  happy  chance.  He  favored  a  period- 
ical inspection  of  the  library  by  a  committee  of 
librarians,  who  would  report  upon  the  tech- 
nical points  of  administration.  An  inspection 
by  men  of  scholarly  attainments  would  also  be 
desirable,  to  ascertain  if  the  library  was  form- 
ing a  well-rounded  collection. 

Mr.  Quigg  suggested  that  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  might  take  charge  of  the 
proposed  inspection  through  a  committee  ap- 
pointed by  the  association. 

The  hearing  was  adjourned  at  n  o'clock. 

On  Wednesday  morning  at  10:30  the  session 
was  resumed,  and  Mr.  Putnam  was  recalled  to 
give  suggestions  about  the  removal  of  the 
library  to  the  new  building.  When  asked 
what  steps  should  be  immediately  taken  when 
the  Congressional  Library  is  moved  into  the 
new  building,  Mr.  Putnam  outlined  the  work 
as  follows :  Installation  of  the  books,  the 
preparation  of  a  comprehensive  plan  of  classi 
fication,  organization  of  the  force,  preparation 
of  the  shelf-list,  verification  of  the  author 
card  catalog,  preparation  of  a  printed  catalog. 
He  emphasized  the  advisability  of  getting  out 
a  comprehensive  printed  catalog.  Upon  the 
question  of  the  selection  of  employes  for  the 
Congressional  Library,  Mr.  Putnam  thought 
that  unless  the  librarian  could  be  relieved  from 
the  embarrassment  of  recommendations  for 
appointment  by  the  controlling  committee, 
trustees,  or  regents,  as  the  case  may  be,  it 
would  be  better  to  have  them  chosen  through 
some  kind  of  civil  service  system.  The  mere 
personal  weight  of  a  recommendation  by  the 
library  committee  or  congressional  recom- 
mendation of  other  kind,  while  it  might  be  of 
the  most  upright  character  and  removed  from 
the  slightest  suspicion  of  coercion,  would  be 
most  embarrassing  to  the  librarian. 

W:  I.  Fletcher,  of  Amherst  College  Library, 
was  then  examined,  and  expressed  views  differ- 
ing somewhat  from  those  of  his  colleagues. 
He  said  that  a  limited  staff  could  install  the 
library  in  its  new  quarters,  and  that  beyond 
that  little  could  be  attempted  at  first.  He 
discouraged  the  idea  of  attempting  to  change 
or  develop  the  general  scope  of  the  Congres- 
sional Library  at  this  time  or  to  make  plans 
for  such  changes.  He  thought  the  Washington 
Public  Library  should  become  the  place  for 
the  general  public  of  the  city  who  were  not 


engaged  in  study  or  research  to  resort  for 
general  reading.  He  opposed  the  removal  of 
the  departmental  libraries  to  the  Congressional 
Library,  but  thought  there  should  be  co-opera- 
tion between  them  so  as  to  avoid  duplication 
of  books.  The  bibliographical  feature  of  the 
Congressional  Library  should  receive  consid- 
eration, but  he  did  not  agree  with  the  idea 
advanced  by  Mr.  Dewey  that  the  catalog  of 
the  library  should  be  made  a  dictionary  cata- 
log. Neither  did  he  advocate  the  application 
of  the  civil  service  system  to  the  selection  of 
employes.  That  system  should  apply  to  posi- 
tions regarded  as  public  property.  It  is  not  ideal, 
he  thought,  but  is  really  the  choice  of  two  evils, 
the  alternative  of  the  spoils  system.  He  would 
hesitate,  also,  to  recommend  the  selection  of 
employes  through  a  board  of  outside  libra- 
rians acting  as  examiners.  He  thought  that 
when  the  new  era  for  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary sets  in,  the  era  of  development  beyond 
the  present  lines,  a  superior  officer  to  the 
librarian  should  be  appointed,  a  director  of  the 
library,  at  a  salary  of  not  less  than  f  10,000  a 
year,  to  perform  the  executive  duties  attendant 
upon  the  growth  of  the  library. 

Rutherford  P.  Hayes  was  examined  at  the 
afternoon  session.  He  thought  the  entire  busi- 
ness part  of  the  library  should  be  put  into  the 
hands  of  an  executive  officer,  and  the  librarian 
should  have  dealings  only  with  the  literary 
part  of  the  work.  He  would  relieve  the  libra- 
rian of  the  duty  of  making  appointments,  and 
choose  the  employes  through  the  civil  service 
system;  and  he  would  like  to  see  the  new  laws 
governing  the  library  vest  discretionary  power 
in  the  administration  of  the  library  to  make 
such  rules  and  regulations  for  the  conduct  of 
the  library  as  they  should  deem  best.  He 
thought  that  the  governing  power  should  be  a 
little  more  permanent  than  is  now  provided  by 
the  joint  committee,  which  should  at  least 
have  a  term  of  six  years. 

W.  A.  Croffut,  of  Washington,  then  ad- 
dressed the  committee  in  behalf  of  making  the 
library  a  circulating  library,  as  in  earlier  days, 
by  the  payment  of  a  deposit  fee  of  $5.  He 
was  succeeded  by  W.  T.  Harris,  commissioner 
of  education,  who  approved  of  the  selection  of 
employes  by  civil  service  methods,  opposed  the 
removal  of  the  departmental  collections  of 
books  to  the  Congressional  Library,  and  em- 
phasized his  opinion  that  the  library  should  be 
a  reference  library  alone,  and  should  not  con- 
tain any  features  of  a  circulating  library. 

Mr.  Brett's  views  were,  briefly,  that  the 
library  should  be  a  national  institution,  and 
not  an  appendage  of  Congress;  that  in  catalog- 
ing there  should  be  a  shelf  list,  an  accession 
catalog,  and  as  soon  as  possible  a  dictionary 
catalog;  and  that  employes  should  be  chosen 
hy  means  of  a  competitive  examination,  held 
by  the  library  authorities,  and  careful  selection 
from  the  list  of  successful  applicants,  but  that 
choice  should  not  necessarily  be  limited  to  tie 
person  who  passed  highest,  but  should  take 
into  consideration  other  qualifications. 

At  the  close  of  the  hearing  the  committee 
were  notified  of  the  authority  given  to  the 


i6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


president  of  the  A.  L.  A.  at  the  Cleveland  Con- 
ference to  appoint  a  special  committee  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  to  answer  any  inquiries  addressed  by 
the  Congressional  Committee  to  the  A.  L.  A. 
with  reference  to  the  organization  of  the  Con- 
gressional Library  in  its  new  building;  and 
President  Brett  stated  his  readiness  to  appoint 
such  a  committee  upon  receiving  an  intimation 
that  such  inquiries  might  be  forthcoming. 

A  direct  result  of  this  A.  L.  A.  hearing  is 
the  movement  toward  a  re-incorporation  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  with  the  provi- 
sion that  it  shall  from  time  to  time  act  as  a 
visiting  board  of  the  Congressional  Library, 
thus  carrying  out  Mr.  Quigg's  suggestion  to 
that  effect.  Full  details  of  the  proposed  re- 
incorporation  are  given  elsewhere  in  this  is- 
sue. 

This  report  will  show  how  much  careful 
thought,  time,  and  energy  have  been  given  by 
the  joint  committee  to  the  future  of  the  Con- 
gressional Library.  All  the  various  hearings 
conducted  by  the  committee,  at  which  the  testi- 
mony of  Mr.  Green,  Mr.  Spofford,  and  others 
were  taken  on  the  subject,  were  equally  de- 
tailed and  comprehensive,  and  the  final  report 
of  their  proceedings,  when  printed,  will  un- 
doubtedly prove  to  be  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing of  library  documents. 


SERIAL,  TECHNICAL,  AND  SCIENTIFIC 
PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  GOV- 
ERNMENT.* 

THE  following  list  of  the  serial,  technical,  and 
scientific  publications  of  the  government,  a 
large  part  of  which  are  not  issued  as  Congres- 
sional documents,  has  been  compiled  by  Mr.  J. 
H.  Hickcox.  of  Washington.  It  should  be 
useful  to  librarians  as  giving  clue  to  publica- 
tions not  contained  in  their  sets  of  public  docu- 
ments, and  furnishing  a  brief  comprehensive 
record  of  these  important  issues  of  the  govern- 
ment, which  are  not  now  printed  in  as  large 
quantities  as  formerly  and  are  rapidly  ex- 
hausted. 

AGRICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT. 

—  Agrostology  Division.    Bulletins  nos.  i  to  3. 

—  Animal  Industry  Division.     Bulletins  nos.  i 

to  16. 

—  Botany  Division.     Bulletins  nos.  i  to  7. 

Contributions  to  N.  Amer.   Herbarium, 
vols.  i  to  4. 

—  Chemistry  Division.     Bulletins  nos,  i  to  47. 

—  Entomology  Division.    Bulletins  nos.  i  to  33. 

Bulletins,  new  series  nos.  i  to  6. 
Technical  series  nos.  i  to  4. 
Insect  Life.     Vols.  i  to  7. 
U.    S.     Etomological    Commission     Re- 
ports i  to  5.     Bulletins  nos.  I  to  6. 

—  Experiment  stations.     Bulletins  nos.  i  to  32. 

Miscellaneous  bulletins,  nos.  I  to  3. 
Record,  vols.  i  to  7. 

—  Fiber  Investigation.     Reports  i  to  8. 

•Annual  Reports  of  the  six   Executive  Departments 
excluded. 


—  Foreign  Markets  Section.     Bulletins  nos.  I 

to  7. 

—  Forestry  Division.     Bulletins  nos.  i  to  13. 

—  Microscopy  Division.    Food  products  (mush- 

rooms).    Nos.  i  to  3. 

—  Ornithology  Division.     Bulletins  nos.  i  to  5. 

N.  American  fauna,  nos.  i  to  12. 

—  Pomology  Division.     Bulletins  nos.  I  to  4. 

—  Road  Inquiry.     Bulletins  nos.  i  to  20. 

—  Soils  Division.     Bulletins  nos.  i  to  5. 

—  Vegetable    Pathology   Division.      Bulletins 
nos.  i  to  n. 
Journal  of  Mycology,  vols.  5,  6,  7. 

—  Weather  Bureau.     Bulletins  nos.  I  to  15. 

Bulletins  A— C,  4°. 

i 

TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

—  Statistical  abstract,  1878  to  1895,  nos.  i  to  18. 

—  Monthly   statement   of   finance,    commerce, 

etc.     4°. 

—  Annual  reports  on  the  state  of  finances,  1790 

to  date. 

—  Annual  reports  on  commerce  and  naviga- 

tion, 1821  to  date. 

—  Mint  reports  on  the  production  of  gold  and 

silver,  1880  to  1894. 

—  Coast  Survey  bulletins,  nos.  I  to  34. 

STATE  DEPARTMENT. 

—  Bulletins  nos.  i  to  8  (historical),  1.  8°. 

—  Bulletins  of  American  republics,  nos.  i  to  69. 

—  Consular  reports,  nos.  i  to  193. 

—  Special  consular  reports,  vols.  I  to  13. 

—  Statutes-at-large  of  U.  S.,  1789  to  1895.     28 

vols. 

NAVY  DEPARMMENT. 

—  Navy  registers,  1815  to  1896. 

—  Naval    Observatory   observations,    1845    to 

1890.     4°. 

nautical  almanac,  1855  to  1898. 

astronomical  papers,  vols.  i  to  7.     4°. 

—  General   information    series  (naval    intelli- 

gence), nos.  i  to  15. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT. 

—  Army  registers,  1813  to  1896. 

—  "Roll  of  honor,"   names  of   deceased  sol- 

diers, 8  vols. 

—  Military  information  division  (publications), 

nos.  i  to  ii. 

—  Records  of  the  war,  106  vols.  and  35  atlases. 

—  Tests  of  metals  and  building  materials,  1884 

to  1894. 

—  King's  geological  survey,  7  vols.     4°. 

—  Wheeler's   geographical   survey,   7  vols.  in 

8.     4°. 

—  Medical  and  surgical  history  of  the  war,  6 

vols.     4°. 

—  Surgeon-General's  catalog,  17  vols. 

INTERIOR  DEPARTMENT. 

—  Patent  Office  reports,  1790  to   1871,  61  vols. 

—  Patent  Office  Gazette,  1872  to  1895,  75  vols., 

and  indexes. 

—  Patent   Office    specifications    and    drawings, 

1875  to  1895.     Monthly  volumes  (250  copies 
issued),  240  vols.     1.  8°. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


INTERS  x.  DEPARTMENT. — Continued. 

—  Patent   Commissioner's   decisions,    1869    to 

1894,  21  vols. 

—  Pension  decisions,  vols  I  to  7. 

—  Land  Office  decisions,  vols.  i  to  22. 

—  Land  Office  reports  (annual),  1860  to  1895. 

—  Land  laws  and  "  Public  domain,"  4  vols. 

—  Education  Bureau,  annual  reports,  1868  (ist) 

to  1894. 

circulars  of  information,  i867-'6S,  nos.  i 

to  13.  Same,  1870 -'72,  n  issues,  not 
numbered;  1873,  nos.  i  to  5;  1874,  nos. 
i  to  3;  1875,  nos.  i  to  8;  1876  (none 
issued);  1877,  nos.  i,  2;  1878,  nos.  i, 
2;  1879,  nos-  r  to  5;  1880,  nos.  i  to  7; 
1881,  nos.  i  to  6;  1882,  nos.  i  to  6; 
1883,  nos.  i  to  4; 1884, nos. i  to  7; 1885, 
nos.  i  to  5;  1886,  nos.  i,  2;  1887,  nos.  i 
to  3;  1888,  nos.  i  to  7;  1889,  nos.  i  to  3; 
1890,  nos.  i  to  3;  1891,  nos.  i  to  9;  1892, 
nos.  1,2;  1893,  nos.  i  to  8;  1894,  nos. 
i,  2. 

—  Hayden's  Survey  of  .Territories.    Annual  re- 

ports, 1867 -'78  (nos.  i -12). 
Bulletins,  vols.  i  to  6. 
[Monographs],  vols.  i  to  13.     4°. 
Miscellaneous  publications,  nos.  i  to  12. 

—  Census  of  U.  S.,   1790,  i  vol  ;  1800,  i  vol.; 

1810,  i  vol. ;  1820,  2  vols. ;  1830,  I  vol. ;  1840, 
4  vols. ;  1850,  4  vols. ,  1860,  5  vols.;  1870,4 
vols.;  1880,  22  vols. 

—  Geological  Survey.    Annual  reports  (Powell, 

etc.),  1879  to  1895. 

Monographs,  vols.  i  to  25.     4°. 

Bulletins,  nos.  i  to  135. 

Mineral  resources,  1883  to  1884.  Same 
(old  series),  1867 -'76  (Browne.  Taylor 
&  Co.).  None  published  from  1877- 
'82. 

CONGRESS. 

—  American  state  papers,  1789-1837,  38  vols. 

folio. 

—  Annals  of  Congress,  1789- 1824,  42  vols. 

—  Register  of  debates,  1824-1837,  29  vols. 

—  Congressional  Globe,  1833-1873. 

—  Congressional  Record,  1873-1896. 

—  Congressional  directory,  1809-1896. 

—  Congressional     documents   (sheep    bound), 

1817-1889,  2600  vols. 

—  Congressional  contested  election  cases,  1789 

- 1893,  9  vols. 
Civil  Service  Commission  reports  (ist)  1884  to 

1895. 

Court  of  Claims  reports,  vols.  i  to  31. 
Opinions  of  Attorney-General,  vols.  i  to  21. 
Federal  and  state  constitutions  (Poore),  2  vols. 
Trial  of  Guiteau,  3  vols. 
International  Medical  Congress  transactions, 

1887,  5  vols. 
National  Academy  of  Sciences  memoirs,  vols. 

i  to  7.     4°. 

Silver.     Report  of  Paris  monetary  conference, 
1867. 

—  Report  of  silver  commission,  1876. 

—  Report  of  Paris  monetary  conference,  1881. 

—  Report   of    Brussels   monetary    conference, 

1892. 
— Report  of  Berlin  monetary  conference,  1894. 


Interstate  Commerce  Commission.    Annual  re- 
ports, 1887- '94. 

—  Statistics  of  railways,  1888  (ist)  to  1894. 
Labor  Dept.     Annual  reports,  ist  to  loth. 
—  Special  reports,  ist  to  8th. 

Fish  Commission.     Annual  reports,  ist  to  igth. 

—  Bulletins,  vols.  i  to  15. 

Smithsonian  Institution.     Annual  report,  1846 
-'94. 

—  Contributions  to  knowledge,  vols.  i  to  29.   4°. 

—  Miscellaneous  collections,  vols.  i  to  38. 
National  Museum  bulletins,  nos.  i  to  48. 

—  Special  bulletins,  nos.  i  to  3.     4°. 

—  Proceedings,  vols.  i  to  17. 

Ethnology  Bureau.     Annual  reports,  1879  (ist) 
to  1893. 

—  Contributions  to  N.  Amer.  ethnology,  vols. 

i  to  9.     4°. 
American  Historical  Association  reports,  1890 


Schoolcraft's  Indian  tribes,  6  vols.     4°. 
Wilkes'  U.  S.  exploring   expedition   (original 

gov't   ed.  of   the   narrative),    5   vols.   and 

atlas.     4°.  

SCOVILLE  MEMORIAL  LIBRARY,  CARLE- 
TON  COLLEGE. 

THE  Scoville  Memorial  Library  of  Carleton 
College,  Northfield,  Minn.,  is  the  gift  of  the 
son  and  widow  of  the  late  James  W.  Scoville, 
of  Oak  Park,  111.,  who  had  before  his  death 
expressed  his  purpose  of  erecting  the  building. 
The  cost  of  the  building  was  $25,000,  but  by 
careful  planning  and  generous  concessions  on 
the  part  of  some  of  the  contractors,  the  build- 
ing represents  considerably  more  value  than 
that  sum  would  ordinarily  indicate.  Patton  & 
Fisher,  of  Chicago,  were  the  architects. 

The  building  is  68  feet  wide  and  82  feet  deep. 
The  exterior  is  of  pink  Kasota  limestone  of  re- 
markably even  color,  with  roof  of  dark  Vermont 
slate.  The  interior  woodwork  is  of  polished 
oak.  The  structure  gives  the  effect  of  a  one-story 
building  with  attic,  but  the  front  portion  has 
two  floors  and  the  stack-building  has  three,  in- 
cluding the  basement,  which  is  entirely  above 
ground.  The  feature  of  the  first  floor  is  the 
large  reading-room,  with  an  elliptical  arch 
opening  into  the  book-room;  the  latter  is  light- 
ed from  three  sides  as  well  as  from  above,  and 
has  an  iron  and  glass  floor  on  a  line  with  the 
reading-room  floor.  This,  with  the  basement 
floor,  gives  two  levels  for  books.  A  third  level 
of  iron  and  glass  above  the  main  floor  will  be 
added  in  the  future.  The  front  portion  of  the 
building  contains  in  the  second  story  a  periodi- 
cal reading-room  and  two  seminary-rooms,  and 
in  the  basement  the  unpacking-room,  heating, 
and  toilet-room.  This  portion  of  the  building 
is  of  ordinary  construction  and  is  finished  in 
oak,  but  the  book-room,  having  iron  floors 
and  cases,  has  an  automatic  fireproof  door  to 
close  the  arched  opening  at  the  delivery-coun- 
ter. 

The  main   reading-room,  really   one  room, 
ives  the  effect  of  two  rooms,  with  central  pas- 
sage way  to  the  delivery-counter,  by  the  device 
of  massive  oak  columns  with  heavily  carved 


i8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


capitals,  supporting  a  heavy  cornice.  A  fire- 
place with  window  seats  at  either  side,  and 
panels  beneath  and  beside  the  windows  at  both 
ends  of  the  room,  are  attractive  features.  Just 
back  of  the  counter  and  within  the  rear  build- 
ing are  the  librarian's  office  and  the  cataloging- 
room.  The  estimated  capacity  of  the  stack- 
building  is  90,000  volumes.  The  upper  floor 
will  not  be  put  in,  however,  till  the  library 
grows  to  need  it.  The  number  of  volumes  is 
at  present  about  12,500.  The  building  is  heat- 
ed by  hot  water  and  hot  air,  and  lighted  by 
electricity. 

At  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone,  June  10, 
1896,  an  address  was  given  by  Dr.  J.  K.  Hosmer, 
of  the  Minneapolis  Public  Library,  and  when  the 
building  was  turned  over  to  the  librarian  on 
Nov.  6  a  formal  reception  was  tendered  to  the 
citizens  of  Northfield  by  the  college  faculty,  at 
which  a  brief  address  was  given  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  D.  N.  Beach,  of  the  same  city. 

THE  PUBLIC   LIBRARY  MOVEMENT  IN 
BROOKLYN. 

THE  work  done  during  the  past  year  by  the 
Brooklyn  Public  Library  Association  to  awaken 
public  interest  in  the  need  of  a  free  library, 
supported  by  taxation,  in  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
culminated  on  Jan.  14,  when  a  largely-attended 
meeting  was  held  in  the  Academy  of  Music, 
and  addresses  on  the  need  of  a  public  library 
in  the  city  were  made  by  Andrew  Carnegie  and 
other  prominent  men.  It  had  been  arranged 
to  hold  this  meeting  in  connection  with  the 
joint  meeting  of  the  New  York  State  Library 
Association  and  the  New  York  Library  Club, 
which  this  year  was  held  in  Brooklyn  at  the 
initiative  of  the  local  association,  thus  insuring 
a  large  attendance  of  librarians  and  library 
workers  as  well  as  of  interested  citizens.  At 
its  close  the  meeting  took  in  the  form  of  a  re- 
ception to  Mr.  Carnegie  and  to  the  directors  of 
the  projected  public  library,  whose  appoint- 
ment by  the  mayor,  under  the  act  of  1892, 
was  announced  early  in  the  evening.  The 
meeting  opened  at  eight  o'clock,  the  platform 
being  well  filled  by  members  of  the  local  asso- 
ciation, prominent  municipal  officials,  and  a 
large  representation  of  the  visiting  librarians. 

R.  Ross  Appleton,  city  tax  collector,  and  a 
member  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  Asso- 
ciation, acted  as  temporary  chairman,  and 
called  the  meeting  to  order  a  little  after  eight 
o'clock.  He  then  read  a  letter  from  Mayor 
Wurster,  regretting  that  illness  prevented  his 
attendance,  and  expressing  approval  of  this 
"  practical  beginning  of  the  work  of  providing 
a  public  library"  for  Brooklyn.  The  mayor  in 
his  letter  then  announced  the  appointment  of 
the  directors  of  the  proposed  library,  as  fol- 
lows :  "The  first  step  in  this  movement  was 
made  by  the  enactment  of  a  law  in  1892,  en- 
titled '  an  act  to  authorize  the  city  of  Brooklyn 
to  establish  and  maintain  a  public  library  and 
reading-room  in  said  city  and  to  provide  for 
the  payment  therefor  and  for  the  maintenance 
thereof.'  Under  the  terms  of  this  law  an  in- 
stitution is  provided  for  called  '  The  Public  Li- 


brary.' One  of  the  sections  of  the  act  reads  as 
follows  :  '  Whenever  the  common  council,  by 
resolution,  shall  have  determined  to  establish 
and  maintain  a  public  library  and  reading-rocm 
under  this  act,  the  mayor  of  said  city  shall  ap- 
point nine  directors  for  the  same,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  said  number  the  mayor  of  said  city,  the 
president  of  said  board  of  aldermen,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  education  and  the  director 
of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences 
shall,  by  virtue  of  their  respective  offices,  be 
directors  of  the  said  public  library  and  reading- 
room.'  Under  the  authority  thus  conferred,  I 
hereby  appoint  the  following  nine  directors  : 
Hon.  Charles  A.  Schieren,  Hon.  David  A. 
Boody,  Charles  M.  Pratt,  Daniel  W.  McWill- 
iams,  Willis  L.  Ogden,  R.  Ross  Appleton, 
Herbert  F.  Gunnison,  John  D.  Kelley,  and 
Charles  N.  Chadwick,  to  constitute,  with  the 
cx-officio  directors,  the  first  board  in  charge 
of  such  public  library  and  reading-room.  The 
movement  which  has  led  up  to  this  has  been 
largely  fostered  and  encouraged  by  the  women 
who  have  been  identified  with  the  Public  Li- 
brary Association,  and  I  deem  it  desirable  that 
they  should  be  represented  upon  this  first 
board  of  directors  ;  but,  upon  consultation  with 
those  most  active  in  the  matter,  I  have  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  it  would  be  more  desira- 
ble to  enlarge  the  board  to  the  number  of,  say 
21,  a^d  thus  permit  a  fuller  representation  of 
the  entire  community  than  is  possible  in  so 
small  a  board.  With  the  ex-officio  members, 
including  the  Hon.  J.  Edward  Swanstrom, 
Hon.  David  S.  Stewart,  Professor  Franklin  W. 
Hooper,  and  the  mayor,  the  full  board  would 
then  consist  of  25,  and  I  favor  the  passage  by 
the  legislature  of  an  act  allowing  this  increase 
to  be  made." 

Af'er  reading  the  mayor's  letter  Mr.  Apple- 
ton  introduced  as  permanent  chairman  of  the 
meeting  ex-Mayor  Boody,  who  delivered  an 
address  on  the  need  of  a  public  library  in  the 
city,  and  briefly  discussed  the  legislation 
toward  that  end.  He  said  in  part:  "In  1892  a 
bill  was  passed  by  the  legislature  permitting  us 
to  inaugurate  this  work  when  the  common 
council  by  its  resolution  shall  have  determined 
that  a  public  library  and  reading-room  should 
be  established  and  maintained.  That  bill  au- 
thorized the  mayor  to  name  a  board  of  nine 
directors,  to  which  should  be  added  the  mayor, 
the  president  of  the  common  council,  the  di- 
rector of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  and  the  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  education.  That  bill  also 
authorized  the  city  to  issue  bonds  to  the  amount 
of  $600,000  for  the  promotion  of  this  work. 

"  The  common  council  has  passed  the  neces- 
sary resolution,  the  mayor  has  performed  his 
duty  in  naming  the  board  of  directors.  When 
I  have  added  to  this  brief  statement  a  reference 
to  the  existence  of  the  Brooklyn  Library  Asso- 
ciation, organized  for  the  purpose  of  promot- 
ing work  of  this  kind  and  organized  largely  by 
a  woman,  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Craigie,  I  have  given 
a  brief  history  of  the  work  of  the  Brookly  li- 
brary up  to  the  present  moment.  It  is  now  in 
the  hands  of  our  citizens.  The  city  govern- 
ment will  undoubtedly  follow  their  wishes.  I 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


have  heard  it  said  that  we  are  too  poor  as  a 
city  to  bear  the  expense  of  erecting  a  free  li- 
brary. If  municipal  poverty  should  in  reality 
be  urged,  then  I  should  feel  like  replying  if 
poverty  stands  in  the  way  of  our  prosperity 
then  we  are  too  poor  not  to  have  a  free  library. 
We  spend  in  this  city  annually  for  our  public 
schools  about  $3,000,000.  I  believe  it  would 
be  the  best  kind  of  economy  to  spend  more 
and  the  result  would  be  found  in  smaller  bud- 
gets for  reformatory  purposes  and  in  enhanced 
value  to  real  property.  But  the  great  majority 
of  our  youths  are  taken  from  our  public 
schools  at  an  early  age,  when  their  tastes  are 
being  formed  and  their  characters  fashioned, 
at  the  very  age  when  they  need  the  supplement 
to  the  school,  a  free  library.  If  it  is  expedient 
to  spend  so  much  money  for  our  children  un- 
til they  reach  the  age  of  12  and  14  and  16,  is  it 
not  wise  to  do  something  when  those  ages  are 
passed  and  when  they  are  still  passing  through 
the  formative  years  ?  Wealth  has  grave  re- 
sponsibilities which  relate  not  only  to  its  own 
preservation  but  to  the  welfare  of  those  upon 
whose  usefulness  and  intelligence  and  virtue 
it  depends.  Government  has  great  responsi- 
bilities and  duties  which  relate  not  only  to  jus- 
tice and  usefulness,  but  to  its  ultimate  exist- 
ence ;  and  among  these  duties  there  is  none 
more  important  than  that  which  shall  see  that 
the  minds  of  the  people  shall  not  starve  for 
food.  Education  in  its  various  forms  provided 
by  the  government  aided  by  individual  wealth 
will  do  more  than  anything  else  to  insure  sta- 
bility of  government,  respect  for  property  and 
the  happiness,  contentment,  and  prosperity  of 
the  people." 

Dr.  Richard  S.  Storrs  followed  with  a  stir- 
ring address  on  the  need  of  books  in  human 
life,  of  their  effect  upon  character,  and  of  the 
absolute  necessity  of  a  public  library  in  a  city 
that  wishes  to  foster  what  is  best  in  civic  life. 
He  spoke  of  the  prevalence  of  bad  literature 
in  various  forms,  of  what  the  public  library 
could  do  to  counterbalance  its  influence,  and 
expressed  the  earnest  hope  that  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  might  be  an  accomplished  fact 
before  the  individuality  of  the  city  was  merged 
into  the  new  municipality  of  Greater  New 
York.  He  was  followed  by  Father  E.  W. 
McCarthy,  of  St.  Augustine's  Church,  who 
said  that  Dr.  Storrs  was  present  to  baptize  the 
baby,  and  his  own  work  was  only  to  see  that 
nothing  was  left  undone.  He  spoke  of  the  use 
made  by  Mr.  Carnegie  of  his  wealth,  in  the 
establishment  of  libraries,  and  of  the  great 
monument  left  to  Brooklyn  by  Charles  Pratt  in 
the  Pratt  Institute,  and  dwelt  upon  the  part 
that  books  played,  not  only  in  education,  but 
in  all  the  qualities  that  make  for  the  elevation 
of  the  race.  No  private  or  subscription  insti- 
tution, he  said,  however  well  endowed  or  gen- 
erously supported,  could  take  the  place  of  a 
free  public  library  supported  by  the  people  for 
themselves. 

Andrew  Carnegie,  the  guest  of  honor  of  the 
evening,  was  then  introduced  by  Mr.  Boody  as 
a  man  who  had  spent  $5,000,000  in  founding 
public  libraries,  and  he  received  an  enthusi- 


astic welcome.  Mr.  Carnegie  spoke  with  force 
and  enthusiasm,  and  was  listened  to  with  un- 
failing interest. 

"People,"  he  said,  "are  divided  into  two 
great  classes  —  the  pessimistic  and  the  optimis- 
tic—  and  whether  one  belongs  to  the  former  or 
to  the  latter  depends  chiefly  upon  whether  he 
looks  backward  or  forward.  The  most  pessi- 
mistic must  agree  that  in  one  respect,  at  least, 
human  society  has  moved  forward.  It  is  not 
so  very  long  ago  since  the  individual  concerned 
himself  almost  solely  with  himself.  It  was  ex- 
ceptional for  the  rich,  or  for  those  who  could 
not  be  called  rich  but  yet  were  better  off  than 
their  neighbors,  to  pay  much  attention  to  the 
poverty  by  which  they  were  surrounded.  '  Am 
I  my  brother's  keeper?'  was  the  thought  which 
characterized  the  age.  Now,  surely,  we  have 
changed  all  that,  and  the  reverse  is  now  true. 
It  is  the  exception  for  any  family  having  wealth 
or  surplus  income,  not  to  feel,  and  to  act  upon 
the  feeling,  that  they  are,  or  should  be  to  some 
extent,  'their  brother's  keeper';  that  their 
abundance  should  be  shared  by  their  fellows 
less  fortunate  than  themselves.  There  never 
was  a  time  in  the  history  of  the  world,  we  may 
well  be  persuaded,  in  which  there  were  so 
many  of  the  well-to-do  conscious  of  their  duties 
to  their  less  fortunate  fellows,  or  so  many  or- 
ganizations managed  and  supported  by  so 
many  contributions  from  so  many  people  which 
have  in  view  only  the  relief  of  poverty,  the 
alleviation  of  suffering,  or  so  much  time  de- 
voted to  these  ends  by  those  who  lack  ability 
to  contribute  money.  They  give  their  time 
and  attention,  which  is  better  than  money  and 
counts  for  much  more. 

"Surely  if  this  be  so  it  seems  to  justify  the 
suspicion  that  there  is  something  wrong  some- 
how, or  somewhere,  in  the  efforts  we  make  or 
the  modes  we  pursue.  And  may  not  the  root 
of  the  trouble  be  found  just  here,  that  we  labor 
trimming  the  branches  here  and  there  of  the 
poisonous  tree  instead  of  laying  the  axe  to  the 
root.  It  is  the  easiest  thing  in  the  world  to  in- 
crease pauperism  through  indiscriminate  giving 
or  injudicious  encouragement.  No  one  can 
estimate  the  effect  of  the  coin  carelessly  given 
to  the  beggar.  It  is  an  easy  task  to  take  from 
one  class  a  given  amount  of  labor  and  hand  it 
over  to  another  class,  to  which  is  thus  given 
the  adventitious  aid  which  enables  it  to  perform 
the  labor  for  less,  but  the  problem  is  not  even 
touched  until  you  increase  the  total  amount  of 
labor  to  be  done.  Of  all  the  problems  which  a 
rich  man  has  to  study  and  solve  we  place  as 
among  the  most  difficult  —  how  to  do  genuine 
good  by  expenditure  of  money,  or  time  given 
for  philanthropic  purposes. 

"  He  is  entitled  to  be  considered  a  wise  man 
who  so  administers  his  surplus  wealth  as  to 
advance  the  genuine  good  of  his  fellows,  and 
not  to  sap  their  spirit  of  independence  and  self- 
respect.  We  have  not  yet  reached  the  full 
noon  of  the  bright  day  when  men  having  sur- 
plus income  beyond  their  needs  will  realize 
that  to  leave  millions  to  children  is  not  to 
benefit  the  recipients,  but  probably  to  injure 
them.  If  not  ere  the  close  of  our  own  day, 


20 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


then  certainly  during  the  next  generation  it 
will  be  held  that  the  man  who  accumulates 
millions  and  hoards  them  until  the  last  has 
been  unmindful  of  the  claims  upon  him  in  the 
community  in  which  he  has  lived,  and  perhaps 
as  the  possessor  of  these  millions  has  been 
false  to  his  trusteeship.  Such  a  man  will  die 
unwept,  unhonored,  and  unsung;  will  die  dis- 
graced. The  rich  will  act  only  as  trustees  to 
make  better  use  of  their  wealth  for  the  poor 
than  the  poor  could  possibly  do  themselves  by 
massing  it  in  some  permanent  form  from  which 
good  influences  will  flow  forever,  instead  of  its 
being  squandered  in  petty  driblets  by  the 
masses  for  the  gratification  of  temporary  de- 
sires which  man  shares  with  the  animals. 
Thus  is  to  be  sjlved,  and  thus  only,  the  ques- 
tion of  the  rich  and  the  poor.  In  the  manage- 
ment of  wealth  for  the  public  good  the  best 
test  of  its  efficacy  is,  will  this  use  of  wealth 
help  others  to  help  themselves  ?  Those  of  our 
race  who  are  incurable  and  cannot  be  rendered 
self-supporting  are  the  fit  objects  of  the  benev- 
olence of  the  state  or  municipality.  The  av- 
enues for  individual  wealth  are  fewer  than 
before,  but  they  lead  directly  to  the  great  need 
—  the  prevention  instead  of  the  cure  of  the 
evils  of  human  society.  Now,  there  is  one 
institution  which,  established  in  a  community, 
must  work  good  and  not  evil,  which  helps  only 
those  who  help  themselves,  which  attacks  pau- 
perism and  want  at  the  root,  works  not  for 
cure  but  for  prevention,  about  which  no  taint 
of  demoralizing  charity  hovers,  and  that  is 
what  brings  you  here  to-night  —  the  free  pub- 
lic library." 

Mr.  Carnegie  then  related  an  incident  that 
occurred  while  he  was  last  in  Scotland.  "  I 
was  attending  last  year,"  he  said,  "  the  open- 
ing of  a  free  library  in  the  little  Scotch  town 
that  was  the  birthplace  of  my  parents.  In  the 
addresses  of  the  day  the  history  of  the  library 
then  established  in  its  new  building  was  re- 
lated by  one  of  the  speakers.  Its  nucleus  had 
been  a  little  collection  of  books  bought  by 
three  weavers  with  their  hard-earned  money 
and  used  as  a  library  by  them.  Several  times 
had  this  pitiful  little  library  been  moved  from 
pillar  to  post,  in  one  of  its  removals  the  weav- 
ers carrying  the  books  in  their  own  aprons  and 
in  coal-scuttles.  Perhaps  the  thrill  of  deepest 
and  purest  happiness  I  have  ever  experienced 
came  to  me  when  I  recognized  in  one  of  these 
library-founding  weavers  the  name  of  my  hon- 
ored father.  I  know  of  no  lineage  that  I  would 
exchange  for  this."  He  reviewed  the  library 
records  of  the  various  cities  of  the  United 
States,  and  vigorously  urged  the  need  of  a  free 
public  library  in  Brooklyn,  that,  though  per- 
haps furnished  through  private  generosity, 
should  be  wholly  maintained  by  the  public  for 
themselves. 

Frederick  B.  Pratt,  of  the  Pratt  Institute, 
followed  Mr.  Carnegie  with  a  brief  and  hope- 
ful address  on  the  prospects  of  the  movement. 
He  told  how  from  a  small  beginning  the  Pratt 
Institute  library  had  developed  into  an  institu- 
tion with  a  circulation  of  300,000  v.,  he  ten- 
dered the  earnest  wishes  of  the  library  he  rey- 


resented  for  the  success  of  the  cause,  and 
promised  every  help  that  could  be  given  by  him 
to  the  new  project.  Dr.  ).  S.  Billings,  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  followed  with  a  re- 
view of  the  methods  of  consolidation  adopted 
in  New  York  for  the  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
foundations,  and  gave  valuable  suggestions 
for  the  practical  work  of  the  Brooklyn  associa- 
tion. 

Melvil  Dewey  was  the  last  speaker,  and  he 
gave  a  stirring  talk  on  the  need  of  a  public  li- 
brary as  the  corner-stone  of  the  fabric  of  popular 
education.  Without  a  library  the  system  of 
public  education  was  not  complete.  Study,  he 
said,  is  in  a  way  harmful  unless  kept  in  the 
right  path,  for  a  little  knowledge  is  a  danger- 
ous thing,  and  reading,  when  not  properly  har- 
nessed, runs  riot  with  youthful  minds.  He 
inveighed  vigorously  against  the  sensational 
newspapers,  and  said  it  was  a  very  grievous 
and  serious  condition  of  affairs  when  a  Sunday 
sensational  journal  could  have  a  circulation  of 
500,000  and  an  edition  of  1000  copies  of  a  good 
piece  of  literature  should  go  begging. 

This  concluded  the  speaking,  and  the  stage 
became  at  once  a  reception-room,  most  of  the 
audience  waiting  for  an  opportunity  to  greet 
Mr.  Carnegie  and  shake  his  hand. 


THE  BUFFALO  LIBRARY  TO  BE  A  FREE 
LIBRARY. 

AT  a  meeting  of  the  board  of  managers  of 
the  Buffalo  Library  on  Dec.  ir  an  address  was 
issued  calling  public  attention  to  the  need  of  a 
free  library  in  Buffalo,  and  stating  that  with 
public  co-operation  and  financial  aid  it  might 
be  practicable  to  reorganize  the  Buffalo  Library 
to  that  end.  The  statement  said,  in  part:  "  Of 
late  years  a  feeling  that  the  Buffalo  Library 
must  be  made  entirely  free  has  been  gaining 
ground  rapidly.  The  public  mind  has  been 
awakening  to  the  fact  that  Buffalo  is  far  be- 
hind other  cities  in  the  matter,  and  that  it  is 
largely  losing,  as  a  consequence,  one  of  the 
greatest  educational  influences  of  the  time. 

"  From  its  own  resources  the  library  can  give 
no  more  to  the  public  at  large  than  it  has  given 
already.  It  can  go  no  further  in  the  direction 
of  freedom  than  it  has  done,  by  opening  its 
reading-rooms  to  every  comer,  for  all  uses  of 
books  within  its  own  walls,  and  by  distributing 
1000  free  tickets  among  pupils  in  the  public 
schools.  Thus  far  its  revenues  have  barely 
permitted  that  degree  of  liberality,  and  hence- 
forward it  will  lack  the  ability  to  go  even  so 
far  in  serving  the  public  of  Buffalo  if  it  is  not 
helped  from  other  resources  than  its  own." 

It  was  stated  that  the  resources  of  the  library 
are  now  much  below  the  amount  necessary  to 
administer  it  properly,  and  that  help  must  be 
extended  if  it  is  to  continue  its  work.  The  work 
done  by  free  libraries  in  most  of  the  large  cities 
of  the  Union  was  briefly  reviewed,  and  the  need 
of  such  work  in  Buffalo  was  pointed  out.  and  in 
conclusion  it  was  intimated  that  the  library 
might  be  maintained  as  a  free  city  institution 
if  the  city  would  contribute  to  its  support  by 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


21 


such  provision  as  will  make  it  free  and  properly 
enlarge  its  work. 

The  mayor,  in  his  annual  message,  dated 
Jan.  4,  gives  considerable  attention  to  the 
proposition  of  the  library  authorities,  and  urges 
its  acceptance  by  the  city.  He  says  in  part: 
"The  subject  of  a  proposed  free  library  has 
been  a  leading  topic  of  discussion  in  the  public 
press  and  among  our  citizens  for  several  weeks 
past.  Our  Buffalo  Library,  which  has  been 
built  up  and  maintained  as  a  private  institution 
for  many  years,  finds  that  through  the  opera- 
tion of  a  law  passed  by  the  last  legislature  it 
will  henceforth  be  deprived  of  a  considerable 
amount  of  its  annual  revenue.  This  law  re- 
quires the  taxation  of  all  property  held  by  re- 
ligious and  benevolentinstitutions,  not  actually 
used  for  the  purpose  of  such  institutions.  It 
affects  the  Hotel  Iroquois  property,  which  is 
owned  by  the  library  association,  and  has 
been  a  source  of  income  to  it.  Hereafter  the 
library  association  will  be  obliged  to  pay  taxes 
upon  this  property,  the  amount  being  estimated 
at  about  $17,000  a  year.  Thus  crippled  as  to 
its  revenues,  the  friends  of  the  library  apply 
for  municipal-aid  and  offer  in  return  to  make 
the  institution  and  all  of  its  privileges  absolutely 
free  to  the  public. 

"The  executive  for  one  believes  that  the 
time  is  ripe  for  the  city  to  take  this  progres- 
sive step.  A  fine  collection  of  books  has  been 
secured  without  public  expense.  It  is  well 
housed.  It  is  well  managed.  To  make  its 
privileges  free  to  all,  nothing  is  asked  but  that 
the  city  should  guarantee  its  running  expenses, 
and  provide  reasonably  for  the  enlargement  of 
the  collection.  Considering  that  other  cities 
have  been  obliged  to  create  their  free  libraries, 
as  well  as  maintain  them,  this  seems  to  me  a 
proposition  most  advantageous  to  the  city  of 
Buffalo.  The  subject  will  be  brought  formally 
to  the  attention  of  your  honorable  body  at  an 
early  date.  I  trust  that  you  will  see  your  way 
clear  to  provide  such  funds  as  will  be  neces- 
sary to  give  us  a  public  library  in  the  fullest 
sense  of  the  term." 

On  Jan.  7  a  citizens'  meeting  was  held  in  the 
library  building  to  consider  the  proposed  reor- 
ganization and  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
further  the  work.  At  the  city  council  meeting  on 
Jan.  ii  the  matter  was  officially  taken  up  by  the 
aldermen,  and  a  committee  of  three  was  ap- 
pointed to  work  with  the  chief  city  officials  and 
the  citizens' committee  as  a  conference  commit- 
tee in  planning  for  the  operation  of  the  library  as 
a|free  institution.  The  report  of  the  conference 
committee  was  submitted  to  the  board  of  alder- 
men on  Jan.  18.  It  was  a  long  statement,  pre- 
senting fully  the  present  needs  of  the  library 
and  the  great  necessity  for  a  free  public  library 
in  Buffalo.  It  reviewed  the  library  advantages 
of  other  cities  and  strongly  urged  that  the  Buf- 
falo Library  be  transferred  to  city  control,  rec- 
ommending a  yearly  appropriation  of  $40,000 
for  its  maintenance.  A  draft  for  an  enabling  act 
was  appended.  The  report  was  accepted  by  a 
vote  of  21  to  two.  There  is  little  doubt  that 
within  a  short  time  the  Free  Public  Library  of 
Buffalo  will  be  an  accomplished  fact. 


THE  A.  L.  A.  PUBLISHING  SECTION 
PRINTED  CATALOG  CARDS. 

THE  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section  recently 
issued  a  circular  to  the  chief  libraries  of  the 
country,  explaining  the  system  of  issue  of 
printed  catalog  cards  formerly  carried  on  by 
the  Library  Bureau  and  now  transferred  to  the 
charge  of  the  Publishing  Section,  and  giving 
details  of  a  new  plan  by  which  it  is  hoped  to 
furnish  selected  cards  to  the  smaller  libraries. 
It  is  hoped  that  more  libraries  will  subscribe  to 
the  cards  under  the  new  arrangements,  as  the 
present  number  of  subscribers  is  not  sufficient 
to  insure  the  continuance  of  the  work.  "  The 
form  of  the  cards  will  be  practically  the  same 
as  heretofore,  but  translator  and  editor  cards 
will  be  made  only  where  they  seem  essential  to 
the  satisfactory  cataloging  of  the  book.  Title 
cards  will  be  continued  as  at  present.  In  the 
case  of  books  of  miscellaneous  contents  (vol- 
umes of  essays,  etc.),  the  contents  will  be 
printed  when  not  too  long  to  go  on  the  card, 
and  enough  cards  will  be  sent  so  that  one  may 
be  put  into  the  catalog  under  each  topic  treated. 
[The  separate  items  in  the  contents  may  be 
underlined  in  red  ink  to  correspond  with  the 
topic  on  the  top  line.]  These  cards  will  serve 
the  same  purpose  as  analytic  entries,  and  are 
preferable  to  the  ordinary  form  of  analytic 
entry,  since  they  give  full  information  about 
the  book." 

The  new  proposition  for  the  issue  of  selected 
cards  to  small  libraries  was  briefly  as  follows  : 
"Beginning  January  i,  1897,  it  is  proposed  to 
send  once  or  twice  a  week  to  the  subscribing 
libraries  two  copies  of  a  short-title  list  of  the 
books  cataloged  by  the  Publishing  Section. 
On  these  lists  each  librarian  will  mark  the 
titles  of  books  he  is  likely  to  buy,  for  which  he 
wishes  cards,  and  will  return  one  copy  to  the 
Publishing  Section,  retaining  the  other  as  a 
record.  Two  weeks  from  the  date  of  the  list, 
cards  will  be  printed  to  correspond  to  the  or- 
ders then  on  hand,  and  will  be  immediately 
distributed.  An  interval  of  two  weeks  is  al- 
lowed, that  librarians  may  submit  the  lists  if 
necessary  to  their  book  committees,  and  that 
there  may  be  time  for  orders  to  come  from  the 
far  west.  After  two  weeks  from  the  date  of 
the  list  orders  cannot  be  filled. 

"  Every  effort  will  be  made  to  get  the  titles 
from  the  publishers  as  long  in  advance  as 
possible,  so  that  the  cards  may  be  delivered 
about  the  same  time  as  the  publication  of  the 
books.  In  case  the  books  are  received  before 
the  cards,  they  need  not  be  kept  out  of  circula- 
tion, since  the  retained  copy  of  the  list  will 
serve  as  a  rough  note  and  can  bear  in  the 
margin  the  shelf  mark,  accession  number,  or 
any  other  item  ordinarily  placed  on  the  card, 
till  the  card  itself  is  received. 

"  Cards  will  be  furnished  of  any  size  or 
style  to  match  those  already  in  use  by  the  li- 
brary, but  libraries  using  a  card  lower  than  the 
standard  (7  ^  cm.)  have  to  sacrifice  the  class 
marks,  dictionary  headings,  etc.,  which  are 
given  on  the  lower  margin  of  the  standard 
card.  The  price  a  year  for  the  two  copies  of 


22 


THE  L1BRAR  Y  JO URNAL 


[January,  '97 


the  list  will  be  $i.  The  price  for  the  cards  will 
be  10  cents  a  book  regardless  of  the  number  or 
quality  of  cards.  It  is  hoped  that  the  larger 
libraries  will  continue  to  take  all  of  the  cards 
issued.  If  the  number  of  such  subscribers 
warrants,  their  cards  will  be  sent  immediately 
without  waiting  for  orders  to  come  in  from  the 
smaller  libraries.  The  price  for  these  will  be 
at  present,  $7.50,  $9,  $10.50  per  1000,  accord- 
ing to  the  quality  of  card  used,  but  will  be 
lessened  as  soon  as  the  number  of  subscrip- 
tions warrants." 

.The  circulars  were  sent  out  generally,  and  it 
was  hoped  that  a  sufficient  number  of  answers 
would  be  received  before  the  close  of  the  year 
to  allow  a  definite  decision.  As,  however, 
only  a  few  replies  had  been  received  by  January 
I,  the  Publishing  Section  has  decided  to  defer 
the  undertaking  until  the  first  of  February,  in 
the  hope  that  by  that  time  a  sufficient  number 
of  subscriptions  may  have  been  received. 


American  Cibrarjj  Association. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO  LIBRARY 
CLASSES. 

SINCE  its  foundation  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago has  extended  its  instruction  by  organizing 
non-resident  classes  wherever  six  or  more  per- 
sons unite  to  pursue  a  course  of  study,  and  are 
willing  to  pay  $6  apiece  for  24  hours'  instruc- 
tion, and  bear  the  travelling  expenses  of  the 
instructor.     During  1896  about  90  classes  in  a 
great   variety   of   subjects   were   formed,  and 
these  subjects  have  now  been  extended  to  in- 
clude instruction  on  the  scope  and  use  of  the 
modern  library.     The  plan  is  to  work  through 
women's  clubs,  teachers'  clubs,  and  the  staffs 
of  the  large  libraries.    The  courses  offered  will 
necessarily  be  general  and  free  from  technical 
details,  and  they  are  intended  to  aid  in  an  in- 
telligent use  of  the  library  rather  than  to  afford 
special  library  training.    They  would  include 
information   about   travelling    libraries  ;    chil- 
dren's home  libraries;  and  library  schools;  rela- 
tions between  libraries  and  schools,  and  between 
libraries  and  clubs;  the  use  of  reference-books; 
the  use  of  catalogs;  and   such  administrative 
principles  as  may  be  desired.    Classes  will  meet 
once  a  week,  or  oftener  if  desired.    The  work 
will  be  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  students,  and 
will  not  necessarily  be  confined  to  the  printed 
outline,  which  is  merely  suggestive.     Courses 
are  offered  by  Mrs.  Zella  Allen  Dixson,  libra- 
rian  of    the   University   of   Chicago,   and   by 
Miss  Katherine  L.  Sharp,  director  of  the  De- 
partment of  Library  Economy  at  the  Armour 
Institute  of  Technology.      Two  courses   were 
given  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  December,  at  the 
request  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Brett,  president  of  the 
American    Library    Association.      A  class    at 
Denver,  Colo.,  will  begin  its  sessions  in  Janu- 
ary; and  classes  at   Geneva  and   at   Geneseo, 
111.,   are  forming.     A  class   at  the  University 
of  Chicago,  under  the  instruction  of  Mrs.  Dix- 
son, began  work  on  Jan.  8. 

Further  information  regarding  this-work  may 
be  obtained  by  addressing  the  Class-study  Sec- 
retary, University  of  Chicago. 


President:  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
Cleveland,  O. 

Secretary:  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Columbus, 
O. 

Treasurer:    G:   W.    Cole,  473   Jersey  Ave., 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  EXECUTIVE  BOARD. 

A  MEETING  of  the  executive  board  of  the 
American  Library  Association  was  held  at  the 
Free  Library  of  Philadelphia,  Dec.  3,  1896. 

Present,  President  Brett,  Miss  James,  Mr. 
Jones,  and  Mr.  Hayes. 

The  following  letter  from  Mr.  Cole  was 
read  : 

473  JERSEY  AVK.,  JERSEY  CITY,  N.  J.,  Nov.  12,  1896. 
To  tke  Executive  Committee  ef  the  American  Library 
A  ssoci  it  ion. 

GENTLEMEN  :  As  my  plans  take  me  abroad  for  the 
winter  and  possibly  longer,  I  hereby  tender  my  resigna- 
tion as  treasurer  of  the  Association,  and  request  that  the 
vacancy  caused  by  my  resignation  be  filled  at  your  earli- 
est convenience.  Yours  very  truly, 

GKO.  WATSON  COLR. 

Mr.  Cole's  resignation  was  accepted. 

The  secretary  announced  that  Mr.  Cole  had 
turned  the  treasurer's  books  over  to  him,  and 
that  the  funds,  amounting  to  $1475.74,  were  in 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Whitney,  chairman  of  the 
finance  committee. 

The  president  announced  the  next  order  of 
business  to  be  the  selection  of  place  and  time 
of  the  next  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

Invitations  were  received  from  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club  to  meet  at  or  near  Bos- 
ton, and  from  the  libraries  and  many  citizens  of 
Philadelphia  to  meet  in  that  city. 

After  discussion  of  the  subject,  Miss  James 
moved  that  the  next  meeting  of  the  American 
Library  Association  be  held  in  Philadelphia, 
beginning  June  22,  1897. 

Mr.  Jones  announced  that  this  date  would  be 
satisfactory  to  the  European  trip  committee. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  adopted. 

The  president  having  been  authorized  to  ap- 
point the  local  committee,  selected  the  follow- 
ing: Mr.  Thomson,  chairman,  Free  Library ;  Mr. 
Montgomery,  secretary,  Wagner  Institute;  Mr. 
Stone,  Historical  Society;  Mr.  Keen,  University 
of  Pennsylvania;  Mr.  Barnwell,  Library  Com- 
pany of  Phila. ;  Mr.  Edmands,  Mercantile  Li- 
brary; Miss  Kroeger,  Drexel  Institute;  Dr. 
Nolan,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences;  Dr. 
Horn,  American  Philosophical  Society. 

The  secretary  announced  the  resignation  of 
Mr.  Carr  from  the  Library  School  committee, 
and  that  Mr.  Larned  declined  to  serve  as  chair- 
man, which  duty  would  have  devolved  upon 
him  owing  to  the  absence  of  Mrs.  Elmendorf. 

The  president  was  authorized  to  fill  the  va- 
cancies. 

On  motion,  president  and  secretary  were  au- 
thorized to  arrange  the  program  for  the  meet- 
ing of  1897. 

On  motion,  the  secretary  was  directed  to 
secure  the  papers  six  weeks  before  the  meeting, 
and  to  print  such  as  seemed  advisable. 

A  letter  from  Miss  Cutler  was  read  suggest- 
ing that  a  session  be  given  at  the  next  confer- 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


ence  to  a  discussion  of  the  new  books  of  the 
year,  this  feature  having  proved  so  interesting 
and  profitable  at  the  Cleveland  conference. 

The  secretary  announced  having  received 
letters  from  several  chairmen  of  committees 
stating  that  progress  was  being  made  in  this 
work,  also  several  suggestions  as  to  program. 

The  following  communication  was  received  : 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  Dec.,  1896. 
To    the    Executive  Board   of  the  American   Library 

Association: 

We,  the  undersigned,  request  you  to  take  action  lead- 
ing to  the  incorporation  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation under  the  laws  of  the  United  States  with  head- 
quarters in  Washington.  MELVIL  DEWEY, 

HERBERT  PUTNAM, 
GEO.  H.  BAKER, 
WM.  I.  FLETCHER. 

Mr.  Hayes  made  the  following  motion: 

"  Resolved,  That  it  is  desirable  that  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  be  re-incorporated  as 
soon  as  practicable  under  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  with  headquarters  at  Washington. 

"  Resolved,  That  the  act  of  incorporation 
should,  if  practicable,  include  a  provision  that 
the  council  or  a  committee  of  the  council  of  the 
American  Library  Association  shall  act  as  a 
board  of  visitors  to  the  Library  of  Congress, 
and  annually  or  as  much  oftener  as  specially 
requested  to  render  a  report  of  said  visitation 
to  the  Joint  Committee  on  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress, or  other  governing  board  of  the  library. 

"Resolved,  That  the  president  appoint  a 
committee  of  three  members  of  the  American 
Library  Association,  which  committee  shall 
investigate  as  to  whether  such  re-incorporation 
may  legally  be  secured  upon  application  of 
this  board.  If  such  be  found  to  be  feasible 
such  committee  is  authorized  to  draft  a  bill  for 
such  purpose,  and  the  president  and  secretary 
are  authorized  to  take  all  steps  necessary  to  se- 
cure passage  of  the  same. 

"Resolved,  That  such  bill  shall,  if  practicable, 
include  the  provision  as  to  the  board  of  visitors 
above  referred  to." 

After  a  full  discussion  the  motion  was  unani- 
mously adopted. 

The  president  announced  the  appointment  of 
Mr.  Herbert  Putnam,  of  the  Boston  Public 
Library,  as  chairman  of  this  committee. 

The  secretary  was  directed  to  write  to  the 
chairman  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Printing 
urging  the  passage  by  the  Senate  of  the  bill 
"to  reduce  the  cost,  increase  the  value,  and 
simplify  the  methods  of  publication  of  Public 
Documents." 

All  the  members  of  the  board  present  ex- 
pressed their  approval  of  the  "Catalogue  of 
public  documents"  of  the  53d  Congress,  just 
issued  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents, 
and  the  secretary  was  directed  to  express  to 
Mr.  Crandall  their  favorable  opinion  of  the 
catalog,  and  their  hope  that  he  might  be  able 
to  continue  the  catalog  in  the  same  form  for  all 
public  documents,  both  past  and  future. 

The  secretary  announced  progress  on  the 
A.  L.  A.  handbook. 

The  resignation  of  Mr.  Larned  from  the 
primer  committee  was  read,  and  the  president 
directed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 


On  motion  the  sum  of  $200  was  appropriated 
for  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  Publishing 
Section. 

The  following  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  the  mem- 
bers of  this  board  that  the  American  Library 
Association  at  its  meeting  in  June,  1897,  should 
arrange  for  the  payment  in  the  future  of  the 
expenses  of  the  members  of  the  board  in  at- 
tending meetings,  and  should  make  a  proper 
allowance  for  the  expenses  of  the  secretary." 

On  motion,  $50  was  appropriated  for  clerical 
assistance  for  the  treasurer. 

On  motion,  Mr.  Charles  Knowles  Bolton,  of 
the  Brookline  Public  Library,  Brookline,  Mass. , 
was  unanimously  elected  treasurer. 

On  motion,  adjourned. 

R.  P.  HAYES,  Secretary. 

SPECIAL  NOTICE. 

CLEVELAND,  OHIO,  January,  1897. 

A  SPECIAL  meeting  of  the  American  Library 
Association  is  hereby  called  to  be  held  on 
Saturday,  February  6,  1897,  at  2.30  p.m.,  in 
Room  15,  Hamilton  Hall,  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, New  York  City. 

The  special  business  is  to  consider  the  re- 
incorporation  of  the  American  Library  Associ- 
ation under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  as 
stated  in  the  following  request : 

"WM.  H.  BRETT,  Esq., 

President  American  Library  Association. 
"In  accordance  with  the  by-laws  of  the  as- 
sociation, the  undersigned  members  of  the  A. 
L.  A.  request  you  to  call  a  special  meeting  of 
the  association  at  the  earliest  date  practicable, 
to  consider  an  act  upon  the  following  ques- 
tions, to  wit : 

"Whether  it  be  expedient  to  reincorporate 
the  association  under  the  laws  of  the  United 
States  with  headquarters  at  Washington,  D. 
C.,  and  with  a  provision,  if  feasible,  that  the 
association,  through  its  council  or  otherwise, 
shall  from  time  to  time  act  as  a  visiting  board 
of  the  National  Library  (Library  of  Congress), 
together  with  such  other  provisions  as  may 
seem  advisable  involving  relations  with  ap- 
propriate federal  departments. 

1  HERBERT  PUTNAM, 
'  MARGARET  D.  McGuFFEY, 
'WM.  I.  FLETCHER, 
'  NINA  E.  BROWNE, 
'  THORVALD  SOLBERG, 
'  JAMES  L.  WHITNEY, 
'  HILLER  C.  WELLMAN, 
'  WM.  C.  LANE, 
'  CHAS.  C.  SOULE, 
1  F.  RICHMOND  FLETCHER." 
WM.  H.  BRETT,  President, 
RUTHERFORD  P.  HAYES,  Secretary. 
Jan.  i,  1897. 

EUROPE  A  N  POST-CONFERENCE  TRIP. 
THE  European  trip  committee  issues  the  fol- 
lowing report  of  progress,  Dec.  21: 

It  was  evident  to  the  committee  that  the  ob- 
jects to  be  kept  in  mind  in  planning  the  trip 
were: 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


1.  To  become  acquainted  with  as  many  Eng- 
lish librarians  as  possible,  and  to  see  as  much 
as    possible    of    English    methods    of   library 
administration. 

2.  To  visit  as  many  places  of  historic  and 
literary   interest   as  possible   and   also   others 
attractive  for  their  natural  beauty. 

Correspondence  with  Mr.  MacAlister,  secre- 
tary of  the  L.  A.  U.  K.,  showed  that  in  order 
to  secure  a  good  attendance  of  English  libra- 
rians the  conference  should  be  held  not  later 
than  the  week  beginning  July  12. 

The  following  itinerary  has  therefore  been 
arranged: 

JUNE  26.     Saturday.     Leave  Boston.  . 

JULY   5  or  6.     Monday  or  Tuesday.    Arrive  Liv- 
erpool. 

7.  Wednesday,  p.m.     To  Manchester. 

8.  Thursday.    In  Manchester.     Evening 

to  Birmingham. 

9.  Friday.    In  Birmingham. 

10.  Saturday.  Kenilworth, Warwick,  Strat- 

ford, and  to  Leamington. 

11.  Sunday.    In  Leamington. 

12.  Monday.    To  London. 

13-16.  Tuesday  to  Friday.     Conference. 

17-23.  English  post-conference  under  the 
conduct  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K.,  probably 
visiting  Salisbury  (spend  Sunday), 
Stonehenge,  Wells.Glastonbury,  Car- 
diff, Bristol,  Bath,  and  Reading, 
reaching  Oxford  Friday  evening, 
July  23. 

24.  Saturday.    In  Oxford. 

25.  Sunday.     In  Oxford  or  London. 
26-30.     In  London  or  elsewhere  as  suits 

individual  tastes. 
31.  Saturday.     To  Cambridge. 
AUG.  i.  Sunday.     In  Cambridge. 

2.  Monday.     To  Ely,  Lincoln,  and  Shef- 

field. 

3.  Tuesday.     In  Sheffield. 

4.  Wednesday.     To  Leeds  and  York. 

5.  Thursday.     In  York. 

6.  Friday.    To  Durham  and  Newcastle. 

7.  Saturday.     To   Melrose,   Abbotsford, 

Dryburgh,  and  Edinburgh. 

8.  Sunday.     In  Edinburgh, 
q.  Monday.     In  Edinburgh. 

10.  Tuesday.     To   Glasgow   -via   Stirling, 

Trossachs,  and  Loch  Katrine. 

11.  Wednesday.     In    Glasgow.     P.M.    to 

Liverpool. 

12.  Thursday.    A.M.  in  Liverpool  or  Ches- 

ter.    P.M.  sail. 
22.  Sunday.     Due  at  Boston. 

The  it'nerary  may  be  summarized  as  follows: 
A  week  between  Liverpool  and  London,  allow- 
ing an  opportunity  to  see  some  of  the  leading 
libraries  before  the  conference;  the  confer- 
ence; a  post-conference  trip  with  the  L.  A.  U. 
K.  and  under  their  management;  a  free  week 
which  may  be  spent  in  London,  in  the  English 
country,  or  in  a  trip  to  Paris;  and  a  two  weeks' 
trip  up  the  east  coast  visiting  the  leading 
cathedral  cities  and  also  some  of  the  larger 
public  libraries.  It  will  be  noticed  that  over  a 
day  each  is  spent  in  Oxford  and  Cambridge. 


The  trip  has  been  kept  within  the  two  months 
originally  planned,  but  the  early  date  of  return 
will  doubtless  lead  many  to  spend  an  extra 
week  in  a  trip  to  the  English  lakes,  Wales, 
Ireland,  or  elsewhere.  Such  trips  can  be  made 
more  comfortably,  and  probably  as  cheaply,  in 
small  parties. 

The  travel  arrangements  will  be  in  charge  of 
Henry  Gaze  &  Sons'  tourist  agency.  The  net 
cost  will  be  about  $350.  A  circular  giving  de- 
tails of  the  itinerary,  exact  cost,  suggestions  as 
to  clothing,  etc.,  will  be  distributed  in  a  few 
weeks,  at  which  time  an  advance  deposit  will 
be  called  for.  The  present  circular  is  sent  out 
at  the  earliest  possible  moment,  that  members 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  may  know  what  is  being 
planned  by  their  committee. 

WILLIAM  C.  LANE,  Boston,  Chairman. 

GARDNER  M.  JONES,  Salem,  Secretary. 

WM.  I.  FLETCHER,  Amherst,  Mass. 

Miss  C.  M.  HEWINS,  Hartford   Ct. 

Miss  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

THE  Library,  in  its  December  number,  con- 
tains a  well-written  article  on  "The  American 
Library  Association  and  the  international  con- 
ference," giving  a  brief  history  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
its  organization  and  work.  The  paper  is  ac- 
curate in  detail  and  animated  by  a  pleasant 
spirit  of  friendliness.  It  will  be  followed  in 
later  issues  by  "notices  of  the  life  and  work  of 
some  of  the  chief  members  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
especially  those  who  will  probably  be  among 
the  delegates  to  the  international  conference." 

A.  L.  A.  HANDBOOK. 

THE  A.  L.  A.  Handbook  for  1897  will  be 
ready  for  distribution  about  January  20.  Two 
copies  will  be  sent  to  each  member,  one  of 
which  should  be  used  to  get  a  new  member  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  Extra  copies  may  be  obtained  by 
notifying  the  secretary. 

State  £ibtars  Commissions. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

NEW  YORK,  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION,  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary.  Free  Library,  Rutland. 

WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION:  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Milwau- 
kee. 

THE  first  biennial  report  of  the  Wisconsin 
commission  for  1895-96,  just  issued  (130  p. 
O.),  is  a  model  of  its  kind  and  should  prove 
widely  useful  not  only  as  illustrating  what 
a  library  commission  can  accomplish,  but  as 
affording  information  and  instruction  as  to 
details  of  technical  library  work.  It  contains 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


a  brief  history  of  the  organization  and  pro- 
ceedings of  the  commission  ;  reports  of  the 
various  meetings  of  the  state  library  associa- 
tion since  its  organization  in  February,  1891; 
Mr.  Larned's  stirring  address  on  "  The  mission 
and  missionaries *of  the  book";  an  admirably 
suggestive  "Symposium  on  library  details,"  by 
six  of  the  advanced  pupils  of  Armour  Institute 
library  class;  Miss  Eastman's  suggestive  paper 
on  "The  child,  the  school,  and  the  library," 
first  printed  in  the  1896  school  number  of  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL;  a  striking  account  by  Mr. 
Hutchins  of  what  has  been  accomplished  by 
"  Traveling  libraries  in  Wisconsin";  a  full  re- 
port on  "  Wisconsin  Summer  School  of  Library 
Science,"  by  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley ;  "  Legal  and 
statistical  aspects  of  Wisconsin  libraries,"  by 
Florence  E.  Baker,  and  a  summary  of  "State 
library  commissions,"  by  Miss  Stearns,  to  whose 
enthusiastic  energy  the  commission  owes  so 
much.  It  is  illustrated  with  many  views  of 
Wisconsin  libraries,  but  none  of  these  illustra- 
tions compare  in  interest  to  the  five  pictures  of 
the  Stout  travelling  libraries  and  their  tem- 
porary stations  in  little  rural  communities. 

Although  the  report  covers  nominally  a  bi- 
ennial period,  the  commission  has  really  been 
in  existence  but  one  year.     It  was  authorized 
by  the  legislature  of  1895,  but  as  the  commis- 
sioners were  not  named  by  the  governor  until 
late  in  the  autumn  the  body  was  not  organized 
until   December.     Besides   Mr.   Hutchins  and 
Miss  Stearns,  the  other  (ex-officid)  members  of 
the  commission   are   Dr.   C:   Kendall   Adams, 
president  of  the  state  university;  J.  Q.  Emery, 
state  superintendent  of  instruction,  and  R.  G 
Thwaites,    secretary   of    the    state    historical 
society.     Within  the  year  of  the  commission's 
existence  free  circulating  libraries  have  been 
established  in  five  towns,  and  two  others  have 
voted  a  tax  for  library  purposes;  the  30  travel- 
ling libraries  established  by  Senator  Stout  in 
Dunn  county  have  been  in  constant  use,  being 
managed   from   the  Mabel  Tainter  Library  in 
Menomonie,   Wis.;   20  similar  libraries   have 
been  given  by  J.  D.   Witter  to  Wood  county 
and  are  being  sent  out  from  the  Grand  Rapids 
Public  Library,  both  these  collections  having 
been  selected  and  set  on  foot  by  Mr.  Hutchins 
in   dozens  of  communities  libraries   that   hac 
been  neglected  and  half  forgotten  have  been 
revived  to  vigorous  life  through  the  examph 
and  precept  of  the  commission;  in  dozens  o 
others  public  sentiment  is  being  rapidly  arousec 
on  the  subject;  and  the  agencies  enlisted  fo 
the  advancement  of  library  interests  include  a 
newly-formed  library  section  of  the  state  teach 
ers'  association,  a  travelling  library  association 
organized  in  November,  1896,  and  co-operativ< 
work  on  the  part  of  the  women's  clubs  of  thi 
state.     This  is  a  remarkable  showing,  and  thi 
rapidity  with  which  these  results   have  been 
brought  about  is  most  astonishing  of  all.    Wis 
consin    has    become   almost  within    a    twelve 
month  not  only  a  library  model  to  the  othe 
states  of   the  west,  but  an   example  to  man) 
of  the  eastern  states  where  the  library  move 
ment  has  never  taken  such  a  strong  foothol 
or  awakened  such  general  interest. 


State 


LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL  CALL 
FORNIA. 

President :  J.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
ornia,  Berkeley. 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
ute  Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
>rary,  San  Francisco. 

THE  regular  meeting  of  the  Library  Associa- 
ion  of  Central  California  was  held  Nov.  13  in 
he  Mechanics'  Institute.  President  Rowell 
presided,  and  with  a  few  remarks  announced 
he  topic  of  the  evening,  "Libraries  and  lit- 
erature of  the  Orient,"  and  introduced  William 
Emmette  Coleman,  member  of  the  American 
Oriental  Society,  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  etc., 
paying  a  graceful  tribute  to  the  erudition  of 
:his  distinguished  orientalist.  Mr.  Coleman 
jave  a  summary  of  Hindu  literature  from  the 
earliest  Vedic  times  to  the  present,  followed  by 
an  account  of  the  libraries  of  India.  He  de- 
scribed those  in  the  great  cities  of  Bombay, 
Calcutta,  Madras,  etc.,  and  gave  typical  illus- 
trations of  the  nature  of  the  libraries  in  the 
smaller  cities  and  towns.  The  character  of  the 
literature  of  Ceylon  and  Tibet  was  indicated, 
and  their  library  systems  outlined.  Of  Hindu 
literature  Mr.  Coleman  said  :  "  Vast  in  extent, 
marvellous  in  complexity,  unique  in  transcen- 
dental subtlety,  grotesque  in  elaboration,  weari- 
some in  repetition,  the  sacerdotal  spirit  per- 
meates and  dominates  it  all.  Hindu  science, 
philosophy,  poetry,  law,  fiction,  music,  gram- 
mar, rhetoric,  mathematics,  dictionaries,  all  is 
of  a  more  or  less  religious  character.  In  meta- 
physical subtlety  and  analysis,  and  in  exagger- 
ations and  repetitions,  the  Hindu  mind  to  me 
represents  the  intellect  gone  to  seed." 

Prof.  John  Fryer,  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, followed  with  a  scholarly  and  most  in- 
teresting account  of  the  "  Libraries  and  litera- 
ture of  China."  Prof.  Fryer  opened  with  an 
historical  sketch  of  Chinese  writing  and  litera- 
ture from  2000  B.C.  He  divided  the  literature 
into  four  great  classes:  Classics,  history,  phi- 
losophy and  the  arts,  poetry  and  polite  litera- 
ture. Confucius  and  his  disciples  were  dwelt 
on  at  some  length,  although  the  speaker  said 
their  teachings  might  be  summarized  in  the 
phrase,  "  Walk  only  in  the  trodden  paths." 
Prof.  Fryer  gave  a  vivid  picture  of  the  many 
destructions  of  books  by  different  emperors  of 
China,  and  particularly  that  ordered  by  the 
great  Chung  Wang  246  B.C.  This  enlightened 
monarch  excepted  in  his  destruction  only  works 
on  agriculture,  architecture,  divination,  and 
medicine,  as  being  of  benefit  to  mankind.  All 
other  branches  of  literature  were  considered 
by  him  an  encouragement  to  idleness  and  dan- 
gerous to  the  state. 

Professor  Fryer  illustrated  the  paper  with 
many  examples  of  Chinese  printing  and  bind- 
ing, from  his  own  library,  his  long  residence  in 
China  having  given  him  unusual  opportunities 
for  collecting. 

A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[fanua  yt  '97 


IN  accordance  with  its  custom  of  making  one 
of  its  monthly  meetings  each  year  a  social  one, 
the  December  meeting  of  the  Library  Associa- 
tion of  Central  California  was  held  on  the 
evening  of  Dec.  n,  about  the  table  in  the 
banquet-room  of  the  California  Hotel.  In- 
cluding members  and  guests  there  were  36 
persons  present.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  sup- 
per President  Rowell  made  some  happy  re- 
marks, and  then  introduced  Mr.  Herbert  C. 
Nash,  the  recently  appointed  librarian  of  Stan- 
ford University,  who  in  a  very  entertaining 
manner  related  some  of  his  first  impressions 
and  experiences  in  the  library  world.  He  was 
followed  by  Mr.  A.  S.  Hallidie,  who  gave  an 
interesting  sketch  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute 
of  San  Francisco,  with  which  he  has  been 
identified  from  iis  foundation.  This  institu- 
tion, which  now  has  a  membership  of  more 
than  4700  and  a  library  of  73,000  volumes, 
was  established  in  Dec.,  1854.  The  library 
opened  with  four  volumes  on  its  shelves,  in- 
cluding a  copy  of  the  Bible,  a  "Cyclopaedia  of 
architecture,"  dictionary,  and  "Curtis  on  con- 
veyances." Its  usefulness  was  considerably  im- 
paired when  some  one  stole  the  Bible  and  the 
dictionary.  The  institution  rallied  from  this 
severe  loss,  however,  and  has  enjoyed  since 
that  time  growth  and  prosperity  almost  with- 
out interruption. 

The  literary  exercises  closed  with  a  paper  by 
Mr.  A.  B.  Davis,  who,  in  his  extracts  from 
such  sources  as  Pliny,  Sir  John  Maundeville, 
Dr.  Johnson's  Dictionary,  and  the  Newgate 
Calendar,  showed  how  much  amusement  can 
be  gleaned  in  out-of-the-way  places  where  it  is 
not  usually  sought  for. 

Seated  at  the  table  were:  Mr.  A.  S.  Hallidie, 
Mr.  Herbert  C.  Nash,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  C. 
Rowell,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  B.  Davis,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  L.  P.  McCarty,  Prof.  W.  D.  Armes,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  G.  T.  Clark,  Andrew  Cleary,  J. 
W.  Harbourne,  H.  F.  Peterson,  Miss  Green, 
Horace  Moore,  Miss  Wade,  W.  F.  Clowdsley, 
Mrs.  E.  J.  C.  Gilbert,  Wm.  Emmette  Coleman, 
Miss  Klink,  John  G.  Brick,  Miss  Sawyer,  Dr. 
G.  A.  Danziger,  F.  J.  Teggart,  and  others. 

GEO.  T.  CLARK,  Secretary  pro  tern. 
COLORADO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  John  Parsons,  Public  Library, 
Denver. 

Secretary:  Herbert  E.  Ritchie,  City  Library, 
Denver. 

Treasurer  :  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

THE  December  meeting  of  the  Colorado  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  in  the  Coburn 
Library  of  Colorado  College,  Colorado  Springs, 
Dec.  n,  1896,  at  8  p.m.  The  audience  was 
large  and  enthusiastic,  and  the  various  papers 
were  received  with  interest  and  applause. 

After  the  transaction  of  the  miscellaneous 
business  of  the  association  the  Rev.  W.  F.  Slo- 
cum,  president  of  Colorado  College,  presented 
a  paper  on  "  The  relation  of  the  college  library 
to  the  town  library."  He  was  followed  by  Mrs. 
A.  J.  Peavey,  state  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, who  delivered  an  address  on  "Dis- 


trict libraries."  ' 'A  library  building  for  a  grow- 
ing city"  was  then  described  by  J.  C.  Dana,  of 
the  Denver  Public  Library;  and  "The  power 
of  the  book"  was  the  subject  of  an  interesting 
paper  by  Louis  R.  Ehrich,  of  Colorado  Springs. 

Previous  to  the  meeting  the"  members  of  the 
association  were  entertained  at  a  reception 
by  President  and  Mrs.  Slocum,  of  Colorado 
College. 

At  the  previous  meeting  of  the  association  a 
revised  constitution  was  adopted,  and  the  mat- 
ters of  library  legislation  and  the  appointment 
of  a  state  library  commission  were  discussed. 
The  association  is  giving  especial  attention  to 
the  last  two  subjects,  and  it  will  this  winter,  as 
part  of  the  year's  work,  urge  the  passage  by 
the  state  legislature  of  a  law  creating  a  state 
library  commission. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  W.  K.  Stetson,  Public  Library, 
New  Haven. 

Secretary  :  Miss  M.  A.  Richardson,  Public  Li- 
brary, New  London. 

Treasurer :  Mrs.  F.  W.  Robinson,  Otis  Li- 
brary, Norwich. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRA RY  A SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Thomas  Nelson,  Public  Library, 
East  St.  Louis,  111. 

Secretary :  Miss  E.'L.  Moore,  Withers  Public 
Library,  Bloomington. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

THE  second  meeting  of  the  Illinois  State 
Library  Association  was  held  at  the  Armour 
Institute  of  Technology,  Chicago,  Nov.  27, 
1896.  This  meeting  was  held  largely  in  the 
interests  of  the  formation  of  an  Illinois  state 
library  commission,  and  to  make  plans  for 
the  formation  of  a  library  section  of  the  Illinois 
State  Teachers'  Association.  In  the  absence 
of  the  president,  Mr.  Thomas  Nelson,  the  first 
vice-president,  Miss  Savillah  Hinrichsen,  pre- 
sided. 

After  certain  business  matters  were  disposed 
of  and  a  few  fitting  remarks  had  been  spoken 
by  the  presiding  officer,  the  first  paper  on  the 
program,  "History  of  library  commissions," 
was  read  by  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  of  the 
Armour  Institute  of  Technology.  Miss  Marvin 
gave  a  complete  history  of  the  commissions  as 
established  in  Massachusetts,  New  Hampshire, 
Connecticut,  Vermont,  Wisconsin,  and  Ohio, 
and  then  summarized  her  paper  into  the  follow- 
ing salient  points  :  "  The  commissions  usually 
consist  of  five  members,  who  serve  for  five 
years  without  pay.  They  are  appointed  by 
the  governor,  with  the  exception  of  Connecti- 
cut, where  the  appointment  is  made  by  the 
State  Board  of  Education.  Ohio  has  but  three 
commissioners.  It  is  not  usual  to  specify  as  to 
what  persons  shall  compose  the  committee.  In 
Massachusetts  the  board  has  consisted  of  lead- 
ing librarians  and  literary  people.  Wisconsin 
and  New  Hampshire  provide  for  certain  state 
officers  on  the  board. 

"The  expenses  allowed  are  usually  $500, 
Vermont  only  allowing  $300,  and  Ohio  being 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


27 


most  liberal  in  appropriating  $1000.  The  east- 
ern states,  as  a  rule,  appropriate  $100  for  the 
establishment  of  a  free  public  library  in  any 
town  fulfilling  the  conditions  of  the  law,  Con- 
necticut alone  allowing  $200,  and  no  provision 
being  made  in  Wisconsin.  Excepting  in  Massa- 
chusetts, where  an  annual  report  is  required, 
the  law  provides  for  biennial  reports,  usually 
printed  as  a  state  document.  The  New  Hamp- 
shire report  is  a  supplement  to  that  of  the  state 
librarian.  The  contents  are  uniform,  usually 
consisting  of  the  library  laws  of  the  state,  his- 
torical and  statistical  matter,  and  suggestions  as 
to  library  methods." 

This  was  followed  by  a  paper  on  the  "  Rela- 
tions of  schools  and  libraries,"  by  Miss  Mae 
E.  Schreiber,  of  the  Normal  School,  Milwaukee. 
Miss  Schreiber,  whose  work  in  connection  with 
library  reading  has  attracted  so  much  atten- 
tion, was  very  enthusiastic  and  gave  inspira- 
tion to  others  in  the  following  : 

"  Each  [the  librarian  and  the  teacher]  needs 
the  other  to  carry  on  her  work  to  best  advan- 
tage. The  teacher  must  be  the  inspirer,  the 
finder  of  interests,  the  guide  to  the  individual; 
the  librarian  must  stand  ready  to  meet  the 
demands  inspired  by  the  teacher,  and  must  do 
what  she  can  to  keep  enthusiasm  alive.  Both 
working  together  may,  through  the  children, 
reach  out  into  the  community. 

"  The  teacher  must  arouse  interest  and  create 
new  interests.  She  must  be  a  reader,  a  fre- 
quenter of  the  library,  where  she  may  help 
both  librarian  and  children.  She  must  teach 
children  how  to  read  and  to  get  the  best  there  is 
in  a  book,  not  by  preaching  or  examining,  but 
by  heart-to-heart  talks  over  good  things  found. 
She  must  appeal  to  children's  sympathies,  help 
them  to  admire  and  to  love  the  noblest.  She, 
as  well  as  the  librarian,  ought  to  be  trained 
for  this  work." 

Dr.  F.  W.  Gunsaulus,  president  of  Armour 
Institute  of  Technology,  entered  the  room  at 
this  point,  and  in  a  few  happy  remarks  gave  to 
the  association  a  hearty  welcome,  expressing 
his  appreciation  of  the  efforts  that  were  being 
made  by  the  association  and  assuring  it  of 
his  sympathy  and  co-operation  with  them. 

Miss  Ahern  presented  a  paper  on  the  "  Li- 
brary Section  of  the  N.  E.  A.,"  giving  a  his- 
tory of  the  formation  of  that  section  at  Buffalo 
last  July,  and  outlining  the  work  that  the  sec- 
tion hopes  to  accomplish  in  the  future. 

Mr.  Homer  Bevans,  president  of  the  Illinois 
State  Teachers'  Association,  then  spoke  at 
some  length  upon  the  "  Relations  of  schools 
andlibraries."  He  said  in  part :  "To  my  mind 
the  centre  of  every  community  should  be  the 
school-house  and  the  operations  of  the  school  ; 
but  these  operations  ought  to  be  made  more 
extensive  than  they  have  been  in  the  past. 
Nobody  looks  to  the  school-house  for  informa- 
tion as  to  the  telegraphic  reports  of  the  results 
of  the  election.  Nobody  looks  to  the  school- 
house  for  any  information  of  the  Deity;  no  in- 
formation as  to  salvation.  No,  there  is  one 
thing  left  to  the  school-house,  and  that  is,  to 
take  care  of  the  babies.  Political  information 
we  get  at  the  saloon,  and  religious  information 


we  get  at  the  church.  We  simply  learn  to  read 
some  words  and  go  out  and  call  it  education, 
and  I  am  glad  to  see  an  attempt  of  the  library 
people  to  do  something  to  make  use  of  the 
school-house,  or  if  it  is  the  other  way,  to  en- 
large the  functions  of  the  school-house.  There 
ought  to  be  telephonic  communications  with 
the  school-house.  All  roads  ought  to  lead  to 
the  school-house,  as  all  roads  once  met  in 
Rome.  The  state  teachers'  association  will 
be  glad  to  welcome  the,  library  people  to  its 
ranks." 

This  was  followed  by  a  paper  on  the  "  Pres- 
ent status  of  school  libraries  in  Illinois,"  by 
Mr.  W.  W.  Bishop,  of  the  Garrett  Biblical  In- 
stitute, Evanston.  Mr.  Bishop  gave  much 
practical  information.  The  present  school  law 
provides  for  the  purchase  of  libraries  and  ap- 
paratus from  the  school  funds  remaining  af- 
ter all  necessary  expenses  are  paid,  no  provis- 
ions being  made  for  appropriations  for  libra- 
ry purposes  in  making  up  the  estimates.  In 
giving  data  for  the  condition  of  libraries  in 
the  district  schools  of  Illinois,  there  was  found 
to  be  such  a  tremendous  increase  of  the  year 
1895  over  1894,  in  the  number  of  districts  re- 
porting libraries,  in  the  number  of  volumes 
of  these  libraries,  and  in  the  number  of  vol- 
umes purchased,  that  the  figures  were  regarded 
as  almost  untrustworthy  ;  but  as  there  were  a 
number  of  prominent  educators  present  who 
corroborated  the  statements  made,  there  can 
be  no  doubt  of  their  correctness.  The  Illinois 
Pupils'  Reading  Circle,  under  the  direction  of 
the  State  Teachers'  Association,  has  been  very 
instrumental  in  awakening  the  interest  of 
teacher,  child,  and  parent  in  the  matter. 

"Some  of  the  needs  and  difficulties  of  the 
country  districts  "  was  the  subject  of  a  paper 
by  Miss  Milner,  of  the  Illinois  State  Normal 
University.  Miss  Milner  gave  a  number  of 
interesting  and  amusing  incidents  gathered 
from  the  personal  experience  of  teachers,  and 
showed  that  the  difficulties  to  be  overcome  are 
manifold.  The  people  themselves  do  not  al- 
ways realize  the  want  of  that  which  they  have 
never  had. 

This  was  followed  by  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  the  state  commission  by  the  chair- 
man, Mr.  A.  H.  Hopkins,  of  the  John  Crerar 
Library,  Chicago.  Mr.  Hopkins  called  atten- 
tion to  the  circular  which  had  been  issued  in 
accordance  with  instructions  received  at  the 
last  meeting  of  the  association,  urging  com- 
pliance with  the  demands  contained  therein. 
He  then  presented  the  draft  of  a  bill  for  pres- 
entation at  the  coming  session  of  the  state 
legislature,  also  in  accordance  with  instruc- 
tions. The  bill  read  as  follows  : 

"tBe  it  enacted  by  the  people  of  the  state  of 
Illinois,  represented  in  the  General  Assembly, 
that: 

"  Section  I.  The  governor  shall  appoint  five 
residents  of  the  state  who  shall  form  a  board 
of  library  commissioners.  One  member  of 
said  board  shall  be  appointed  for  the  term  of 
five  years,  one  for  four  years,  one  for  three 
years,  one  for  two  years,  and  one  for  one  year; 
and  thereafter  the  term  of  office  of  the  commis- 


28 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


sioners  shall  be  five  years.  All  vacancies  on 
said  board,  whether  occurring  by  expiration  of 
term  or  otherwise,  shall  be  filled  by  the  gov- 
ernor. The  board  shall  annually  elect  a  chair- 
man and  a  secretary. 

"Section  2.  The  board  shall  give  advice 
and  counsel  to  libraries  in  the  state,  and  to 
all  communities  which  may  propose  to  estab- 
lish them,  as  to  the  best  means  of  establishing 
and  administering  such  libraries,  the  selection 
of  books,  cataloging,  and  other  details  of  li- 
brary management.  The  board  may  also  send 
its  members  to  aid  in  organizing  new  libraries 
or  in  improving  those  already  established. 
The  board  shall  make  an  annual  report  to  the 
governor,  and  the  usual  number  of  copies  of 
this  report  shall  be  published  as  other  official 
reports  are  published. 

"  Section  3.  No  member  of  the  board  shall 
receive  any  compensation  for  services  as  a 
member,  but  travelling  expenses  of  members 
in  attending  meetings  of  the  board  or  in  visit- 
ing or  establishing  libraries,  and  other  inci- 
dental and  necessary  expenses  connected  with 
the  work  of  the  board  shall  be  paid,  provided 
that  the  whole  amount  shall  not  exceed  the 
sum  of  $1000  in  any  one  year.  All  bills  in- 
curred by  the  board  or  by  its  members  under 
this  law  shall  be  certified  by  the  chairman 
and  secretary  of  the  board  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  who  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  paid  from 
the  state  treasury,  and  there  is  hereby  an- 
nually appropriated  from  the  general  funds  in 
the  state  treasury,  not  otherwise  appropriated, 
a  sufficient  sum  to  carry  into  effect  the  pro- 
visions of  this  act. 

"  Section  4.  This  act  shall  take  effect  and 
be  in  force  from  and  after  its  passage  and  pub- 
lication." 

The  discussion  that  followed,  led  by  Mrs. 
Dixson,  of  the  University  of  Chicago,  was 
spirited,  to  the  point,  and  participated  in  by 
many.  Mr.  J.  W.  Menninger,  assistant  super- 
intendent of  public  instruction,  and  other 
prominent  educators  of  the  state,  spoke  en- 
thusiastically on  the  subject,  offering  their 
cordial  support  in  the  establishment  of  a  li- 
brary section  of  the  Illinois  State  Teachers' 
Association  at  the  coming  meeting  of  the  asso- 
ciation, Dec.  29-31,  at  Springfield.  Owing  to 
the  fact  that  so  many  educators  have  mani- 
fested so  much  interest  in  the  movement,  it  is 
more  than  possible  that  the  section  will  soon 
be  an  established  fact. 

Before  adjournment  of  the  morning  session 
Miss  Hinrichsen  gave  information  in  regard  to 
another  bill  which  is  to  be  presented  to  the 
state  legislature  at  its  session  in  January;  its 
object  is  to  secure  the  appointment  of  a  library 
commission  composed  of  six  persons,  who  shall 
be  non-partisan,  who  shall  have  charge  of  the 
libraries  under  state  control,  to  promote  the 
system  of  civil  service  in  the  personnel  of  the 
various  library  forces. 

The  afternoon  session  opened  with  an  ad- 
dress by  Mr.  John  T.  Ray,  of  the  board  of  di- 
rectors of  the  Illinois  Pupils'  Reading  Circle. 
Mr.  Ray  gave  an  interesting  account  of  the 
Circle  and  the  good  work  that  it  was  ac- 


complishing, commended  highly  the  idea  of  a 
state  commission,  and  gave  assurance  of  his 
hearty  support  in  the  formation  of  the  library 
section  of  the  state  teachers'  association.  He 
brought  out  many  important  points  of  con- 
nection between  the  school  teacher  and  the  li- 
brarian. 

Colonel  Thompson,  director  of  the  Evanston 
Public  Library,  followed  with  a  talk  on  the  li- 
brary and  the  school,  telling  of  the  close  con- 
nection between  the  two  as  it  exists  in  Evanston 
and  the  good  results  obtained  from  the  joint 
meetings  of  the  librarians  and  teachers. 

After  further  discussion  the  report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  the  state  library  commission  was  ac- 
cepted, committee  discharged,  and  the  report 
referred  to  the  executive  committee  for  their 
consideration  and  for  preparation  of  the  bill  for 
presentation  to  the  legislature,  provided  the 
committee  found  it  advisable.  For  this  pur- 
pose the  executive  committee  was  increased  by 
three  members  of  the  original  committee,  mak- 
ing a  committee  of  seven. 

Miss  Sharp  followed  with  a  report  of  the 
Bureau  of  Information.  The  report  was  very 
complete  and  clearly  demonstrated  the  need  of 
a  state  commission.  The  work  as  done  by  the 
bureau  was  carefully  outlined  ;  some  of  the  in- 
quiries received  by  the  bureau  were  read,  and 
the  information  given  included  a  statement  of 
the  legal  mode  of  procedure  to  be  followed  by 
libraries  in  obtaining  state  publications,  the 
scope  and  functions  of  the  state  library  and 
of  the  state  historical  library,  proposed  work 
of  the  library  section  of  the  state  teachers' 
association  when  established,  and  an  explana- 
tion of  the  library  extension  lectures  to  be  given 
by  the  class-study  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity Extension  division  of  the  University  of 
Chicago. 

The  formation  of  this  department  has  been 
under  discussion  for  some  time,  and  has 
just  been  definitely  decided  upon  by  President 
Harper,  of  the  University  of  Chicago.  Accord- 
ing to  the  rules  of  the  department  each  course 
must  consist  of  at  least  12  lessons  of  two  hours 
each.  The  following  topics  are  suggested  for  a 
possible  course,  in  order  to  make  the  plan  clear: 

"  I.  Library  extension.  2.  Library  training. 
3.  Home  libraries.  4.  Travelling  libraries. 
5.  Libraries  and  schools.  6.  Libraries  and 
clubs.  7.  Bookbuying.  8.  Bookbinding.  9- 
12.  Use  of  reference-books;  or,  Administrative 
principles. 

"  The  class-study  department  of  University 
Extension  is  best  suited  to  this  work,  because 
it  will  form  a  class  if  six  people  desire  it  and 
will  support  it,  and  the  subject  is  too  new  to 
justify  support  in  a  popular  lecture  course.  Fi- 
nancial support  means  that  each  pupil  shall  pay 
$6  for  the  course  of  12  lessons,  and  that  the 
class,  if  outside  of  Chicago,  shall  pay  the  teach- 
er's travelling  expenses.  The  plan  has  been 
proposed  to  several  towns,  and  each  answer 
expressed  interest  and  gave  assurance  that  it 
was  needed,  and  one  city  has  guaranteed  two 
classes  or  more  and  wishes  the  work  to  begin 
at  once.  The  library  is  not  to  train  library  as- 
sistants nor  to  interfere  with  nor  criticise  local 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


29 


libraries,  but  rather  to  furnish  information  in 
regard  to  the  work  of  a  comparatively  new  pro- 
fession —  information  which  may  help  people 
in  their  studies  or  which  may  incline  them  to 
help  their  local  library.  Students  will  probably 
be  drawn  from  women's  clubs,  teachers,  and 
high  school  pupils.  It  is  to  be  the  means  of 
giving  the  people  information  in  regard  to  the 
scope  of  library  work  and  the  use  of  libraries 
without  touching  technical  details." 

The  report  was  accepted,  and  the  thanks  of 
the  association  extended  to  Miss  Sharp  for  giv- 
ing her  time  and  energy  to  this  work. 

Mr.  Willcox  followed  with  a  most  com- 
prehensive paper  on  the  "Illinois  state  li- 
brary law,  and  what  amendments  to  the  same 
have  been  suggested  by  the  experience  of  24 
years."  Mr.  Willcox  framed  the  original  state 
law,  and  consequently  was  well  qualified  to 
discuss  the  question  in  hand.  The  library  law 
passed  by  the  legislature  of  Illinois  in  1872  was 
the  first  free  public  library  law  placed  on  the 
statute-book  of  any  state  in  the  Union  —  the 
pioneer  and  model  of  many  library  laws  adopted 
by  other  states  since. 

Mr.  Willcox  considered  the  six  important 
points  which  the  law  so  carefully  and  wisely 
provides  for,  viz.:  i.  Where  shall  we  lodge 
the  power  of  initiative  in  starting  a  public  li- 
brary: in  the  voters  of  the  city  at  a  general 
election  or  in  the  city  council?  2.  Shall  the  tax 
be  mandatory  or  permissive?  3.  Shall  the  li- 
brary board  have  exclusive  control  of  library 
funds?  4.  Of  how  many  members  should  the 
library  board  consist  ?  5.  How  shall  the 
election  or  appointment  of  the  nine  members  of 
the  library  board  be  made  ?  6.  When  shall  the 
library  year  end  ? 

He  said  that  in  his  opinion  the  Illinois  law 
could  be  amended  to  advantage  in  two  particu- 
lars only:  i.  By  restoring  to  library  boards  ab- 
solute control  over  library  funds.  2.  By  al- 
lowing more  time  in  which  to  prepare  the 
annual  report  —  perhaps  by  making  the  year 
end  with  the  calendar  year,  Dec.  31. 

There  was  a  thorough  discussion  of  the 
points  brought  out  by  Mr.  Willcox  by  many  of 
the  librarians,  and  there  seemed  to  be  a  con- 
sensus of  opinion  favorable  to  the  amendments 
suggested  by  him  and  of  these  only.  The  fur- 
ther consideration  of  this  matter  was  left  to  the 
committee  of  seven  appointed  on  the  state  com- 
mission. 

At  the  opening  session  the  paper  of  Mr.  H. 
W.  Milligan  on  the  "  Relations  of  a  college  li- 
brary to  the  student  "  was  read  by  Mr.  Bick- 
nell,  of  Champaign. 

After  transacting  a  little  business  the  meet- 
ing adjourned  for  the  social  side  of  the  session, 
and  a  pleasant  two  hours  were  spent  enjoying 
the  hospitality  of  Miss  Sharp  and  the  young 
ladies  of  the  department  of  library  economy 
of  the  Institute,  renewing  old  acquaintances 
and  making  new  ones.  At  the  morning  session 
the  colors  of  the  association  were  chosen  — 
white  and  purple. 

The  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  associa- 
tion will  be  held  Wednesday,  Jan.  20,  1897,  at 
Springfield.  EVVA  L.  MOORE,  Secretary. 


INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Library  Bureau,  125  Franklin  street,  Chicago 
111. 

IT  was  decided  at  a  meeting  of  the  executive 
board  of  the  Indiana  Library  Association,  last 
October,  to  make  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
association  this  year  a  library  institute  :  viz.,  to 
give  the  larger  part  of  the  time  to  instruction 
in  modern  library  methods  and  administration. 
In  accordance  with  this  view  arrangements 
were  made  with  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  of  the 
department  of  library  economy  of  Armour  In- 
stitute, Chicago,  for  a  series  of  lessons  along 
these  lines.  The  library  institute  was  well  ad- 
vertised throughout  the  state,  and  when  it 
opened  on  Tuesday  morning,  Dec,  29,  there 
was  an  attendance  of  60  persons  more  or 
less  actively  engaged  in  library  work.  This 
being  the  first  library  institute  on  record,  there 
was  some  curiosity  as  to  what  would  be  done. 

After  a  few  remarks  by  the  president,  R.  F. 
Kautz,  and  the  secretary's  report,  the  first 
work,  "Ordering  and  accessioning,"  was  be- 
gun by  Miss  Marvin.  She  said  the  selection 
of  books  was  a  matter  to  be  left  almost  entirely 
to  the  librarian.  It  is  important  that  the  pub- 
lic be  given  a  chance  to  suggest  books,  as  it 
will  give  them  a  sort  of  proprietary  interest  in 
the  library  and  lead  to  cheerful  co-operation. 
Different  blanks  and  other  means  of  securing 
suggestions  were  then  explained.  The  propor- 
tion of  classes  of  books  as  given  in  the  A.  L.  A. 
primer  were  explained  and  Public  Libraries 
was  recommended,  though  local  needs  might 
modify  it.  Buy  books  often  in  small  quantities; 
let  the  public  have  books  while  they  are  fresh 
and  new;  buy  well-bound  books,  as  it  is 
cheaper  in  the  end;  advertise  by  bulletin 
boards  and  in  the  local  papers  the  arrival  of 
new  books.  Buy  from  one  agent,  who  will 
grow  to  look  out  for  the  interests  of  the 
library.  Write  the  order  plainly,  giving  the 
title,  author,  and  publisher,  and  if  possible, 
price. 

As  to  accessioning,  the  speaker  said  that 
after  the  book  had  been  paid  for  and  received, 
it  was  not  properly  part  of  the  library  until  it 
had  been  accessioned.  Properly  kept,  the  ac- 
cession book  was  a  record  of  all  books  that 
had  ever  come  into  the  library,  this  book  and 
the  one  showing  books  withdrawn  being  a 
record  of  the  books  on  the  shelves.  She  urged 
the  importance  of  putting  the  accession  num- 
ber safely  in  the  book  where  it  could  not  be 
destroyed.  She  discussed  at  some  length  the 
technical  part  of  the  work,  the  arrangement  of 
the  books,  the  proper  labelling  of  the  volumes, 
method  of  cutting  the  leaves,  marking,  and  so 
forth.  Members  of  the  institute  were  fur- 
nished with  prepared  samples  of  suggested 
forms  for  every  part  of  the  work  of  the  insti- 
tute. 

This  was  followed  by  a  discussion  as  to  the 
method  of  ordering  serials  and  periodicals,  and 
what  ones  to  have.  It  was  conceded,  to  start 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


with,  that  most  medium-sized  libraries  would 
have  from  $100  to  $150  a  year  to  spend  in 
periodical  literature. 

The  question  was,  what  would  this  money 
buy?  Nearly  everybody  present  took  part  in 
this  discussion,  and  after  an  hour's  delibera- 
tion the  list  recommended  was  as  follows: 
Atlantic,  Harper,  Century,  Scribner,  Harper's 
Round  Table,  Youth's  Companion,  St.  Nicholas, 
Arena,  Forum,  North  American  Review,  Review 
of  Reviews,  Harper's  Weekly,  Outlook,  McClure's, 
London  Graphic,  Modern  Art,  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury, BlackivoooTs  Edinburgh  Magazine,  Critic, 
Dial,  Nation,  Publishers'  Weekly,  Kindergarten 
Magazine,  Popular  Science  Monthly,  Scientific 
American,  Engineering,  Art  Amateur,  Life, 
Outing,  Ladies'  Home  Journal.  The  list  price 
of  this  combination  of  periodicals  was  found  to 
be  $119.25,  which,  with  the  discount  allowed 
by  the  publishers  to  the  public  libraries,  would 
'amount  to  about  $100. 

The  afternoon  session  was  fully  occupied 
with  a  discussion  of  methods  of  classification 
and  cataloging,  Miss  Marvin  closely  following 
the  line  of  instruction  in  these  matters  as  prac- 
tised in  the  library  schools.  The  general 
principles  of  classification  were  brought  out, 
fixed  and  relative  location  dwelt  upon,  and  the 
D.  C.  and  E.  C.  explained  and  compared.  Each 
was  illustrated  by  many  examples,  and  general 
directions  as  to  the  study  of  and  adaptation 
were  given. 

The  card  catalog  in  its  simplest  form  was 
taken  up  and  general  rules  and  principles 
mentioned.  The  various  cases  and  cards  were 
spoken  of  and  suggestions  given  to  beginners 
as  to  catalog  literature  and  library  handwriting. 
Following  this  was  practical  work  of  cataloging 
one  book  which  required  all  of  the  generally 
used  cards  and  forms. 

Tuesday  evening  the  members  of  the  Insti- 
tute and  their  friends  met  Miss  Catherine 
Merrill  in  the  parlor  of  the  Denison  and  listened 
to  a  highly  enjoyable  paper  by  her  on  "The 
art  of  criticism."  It  was  the  treat  of  the 
whole  meeting  to  the  librarians.  After  a  long 
life  of  study  in  the  field  of  literature,  Miss 
Merrill  gives  a  sweetly  gracious  but  strong  in- 
spiration to  those  who  hear  her  to  follow  in 
the  beautiful  path  along  which  she  has  gone 
and  which  no  doubt  has  helped  to  make  her 
the  gentle,  refined,  helpful  but  strong  character 
whom  every  one  that  knows  her  loves. 

Wednesday's  session  opened  with  an  in- 
creased attendance  and  interest.  The  first 
topic  taken  up  was  that  of  the  shelf  department. 
The  work  here  followed  closely  the  topics  given 
in  the  outline  under  025.8  in  the  D.  C.  The 
Cutter  author  numbers  were  explained,  and  care 
of  maps,  clippings,  pamphlets,  etc.,  treated. 
The  shelf  list  in  various  forms  was  discussed 
and  the  manner  of  taking  inventory  described. 
Some  time  was  given  to  the  care  and  catalog- 
ing of  government  documents  and  every  libra- 
rian was  urged  to  study  the  reports  and  indexes 
relating  to  them.  The  subject  of  charging  was 
first  presented  in  a  general  way,  mentioning  the 
importance  of  good  service  in  this  department, 
the  chief  points  of  good  charging  systems,  and 


the  value  of  statistics  which  might  be  gathered 
here.  Two  systems,  one  adapted  to  a  small 
public  library  and  one  to  a  college  library, 
were  explained  in  detail  and  illustrated  by 
samples. 

The  speaker  urged  all  librarians  to  collect 
samples  and  study  methods  of  the  libraries 
about  them  in  this  as  well  as  in  other  depart- 
ments. 

The  work  on  binding  and  repair  consisted 
of  a  brief  talk  on  binding  materials,  lettering, 
and  the  process  of  sending  books  to  the  binder, 
also  considering  the  library  preparation  and 
treatment  of  the  books  when  returned. 

Wednesday  afternoon's  program  had  been 
arranged  for  the  interest  of  those  not  engaged 
in  specially  technical  library  work.  A  large 
number  of  school  people  and  club  members 
were  present. 

A.  V.  Babine,  librarian  of  Indiana  Univer- 
sity, read  one  of  the  most  interesting  papers 
of  the  session  on  the  problems  and  possibili- 
ties of  a  college  library.  While,  perhaps,  the 
subject  was  an  old  one,  it  was  presented  in  an 
interestingly  fresh  way  by  Mr.  Babine's  subtle 
but  mild  sarcasm,  levelled  at  the  well-known 
weaknesses  of  library  architecture,  administra- 
tion, and  purposes.  Among  other  things  he 
said:  "In  the  problems  of  a  college  library 
that  of  having  a  suitable  building  is  the  fore- 
most. The  plan  of  the  building  should  be  ap- 
proved by  one  or  more  (better  more)  practi- 
cal librarians.  It  is  easier  to  enumerate  the 
requ'sites  of  a  library  building  than  to  find  a 
library  possessing  them.  Oftentimes  a  build- 
ing is  erected  by  one  who  never  made  a  study 
of  library  architecture,  but  who,  with  infatuat- 
ed pride,  fills  the  landscape  with  towers  and 
turrets,  arches  and  curvings,  gargoyles  and 
dragons,  who  throws  in  the  floors  and  sumpt- 
ously  clumsy  fireplaces,  who  calls  a  building 
fireproof  with  a  heating  plant  in  the  base- 
ment, and  who  puts  a  plate  over  the  entrance, 
reading,  '  Library  hall  —  date.'  " 

A  college  library  is  next  to  useless  without  a 
good  dictionary  catalog,  fully  representing  the 
contents  of  the  stacks,  but  this  catalog  should 
not  take  the  place  of  indexes  to  individual 
books.  The  staff  of  a  college  library  must 
possess  many  qualifications,  but  above  all, 
familiarity  with  foreign  languages.  Improve- 
ments in  spelling  foreign  languages  ought  not 
be  indulged  in,  and  least  of  all  before  their 
grammars  are  mastered  or  before  titles  are  cut 
down  with  due  respect  for  sense  and  meaning. 
The  importance  of  the  staff's  service  and  its 
right  to  an  independent  existence  must  be  rec- 
ognized by  the  college  authorities.  A  college 
library  ought  to  be,  to  an  extent,  a  library 
school.  It  should  not  refuse  to  give  instruc- 
tion in  detail  of  library  work.  The  bibliog- 
raphical equipment  of  a  college  library  should 
fully  satisfy  its  own  practical  needs  and  serve 
as  a  sample  collection  for  those  interested  in 
library  work.  Mr.  Babine  closed  his  address 
with  a  stirring  appeal  to  men  of  means  for  the 
endowment  and  equipment  of  a  college  library 
in  Indiana  that  shall  redeem  the  lack  of  munifi- 
cence now  existing  along  that  line. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Mr.  Babine  was  followed  by  Miss  Merica 
Hoagland,  president  of  the  Indiana  Union  of 
Literary  Clubs,  who  gave  an  interesting  and 
suggestive  talk  on  the  way  in  which  clubs 
might  aid  in  the  establishment  of  libraries  and 
on  the  strengthening  of  their  influence  and 
helpfulness  after  they  were  established. 

This  paper  was  followed  by  the  presentation 
of  the  outline  of  a  library  bill  proposed  by  the 
teachers'  committee,  to  be  presented  to  the 
next  legislature.  It  was  given  by  Supt.  Goss, 
of  Indianapolis,  and  provoked  much  discus- 
sion. It  seemed  to  subordinate  the  library 
side  of  the  question  in  relation  to  the  school 
side  too  much  to  meet  the  wants  and  wishes 
of  many  present.  Rutherford  P.  Hayes  was 
next  introduced  to  the  association,  and  ex- 
pressed the  opinion  that  it  was  a  better  plan 
to  divorce  the  library  management  from  the 
schools.  Library  committees  should  be  sepa- 
rate bodies,  free  from  school  authorities' super- 
vision. He  then  spoke  of  the  plans  and  pur- 
poses of  the  A.  L.  A.  and  urged  an  interest 
in  it  by  those  present.  He  gave  an  account  of 
library  commissions  and  their  work,  particular- 
ly of  the  Ohio  commission.  The  expression  of 
opinion  at  the  close  of  the  session  showed  that 
his  view  of  library  management  was  more 
favored  than  that  presented  by  the  teachers. 

Wednesday  night  the  usual  reception  was 
given  the  librarians  and  their  friends  by  the 
Bowen-Merrill  Co.  in  the  Commercial  Club 
parlors.  Mr.  Hayes,  Miss  Hoagland,  and  Miss 
Marvin  were  the  guests  of  honor.  Refresh- 
ments were  served  and  a  delightful  company 
lingered  till  a  late  hour. 

The  session  was  opened  Thursday  morning 
by  Miss  Marvin  on  reference  work.  This  was 
a  general  talk  on  the  objects  and  methods  of  ref- 
erence work.  The  fact  that  the  books  were  to 
be  brought  to  the  readers,  as  well  as  the  readers 
to  the  books  was  emphasized.  Work  with  in- 
dividuals, schools,  clubs,  factories,  etc.,  was 
dwelt  upon.  Reference-books  and  such  aids 
as  indexes  and  guides  were  mentioned.  Valu- 
able library  bulletins  and  reference  lists  were 
exhibited  and  the  manner  of  compiling  these 
explained.  The  arguments  for  and  against 
access  to  shelves  were  briefly  stated  and  a  gen- 
eral discussion  followed. 

In  library  literature,  periodicals,  handbooks, 
catalogs,  reports,  etc.,  of  special  value  to  li- 
brarians were  described  and  exhibited.  The 
importance  of  a  librarian  keeping  in  touch  with 
all  the  literature  of  his  profession  was  urged. 

This  finished  the  practical  work  of  the  in- 
stitute to  the  eminent  satisfaction  of  all  in  at- 
tendance, the  only  regret  expressed  being  in 
regard  to  the  limited  time  of  the  meetings.  An 
urgent  request  was  made  for  a  longer  session 
at  another  time.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  given 
to  the  libraries  of  Ft.  Wayne,  Indianapolis, 
Evansville,  Terre  Haute,  and  Franklin  Col- 
lege, to  the  Bowen-Merrill  Co.  and  Library 
Bureau. 

The  officers  elected  for  the  year  are:  Eliza- 
beth D.  Swan,  of  Purdue  Univ.,  president  ;  T. 
S.  Leach,  Kokomo,  vice-president ;  M.  E. 
Ahern,  secretary  and  treasurer. 


IOWA  LIBRARY  SOCIETY. 

President :  J.  W.  Rich,  State  University  Li- 
brary, Iowa  City. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary  :  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library 
Boston. 

Secretary :  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer :  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

THE  executive  committee  have  decided  not 
to  resume  the  preparation  of  the  Lists  of 
selected  fiction.  After  the  question  of  con- 
tinuance was  referred  to  them  at  the  last  meet- 
ing of  the  club,  the  committee  sent  circulars  to 
the  600  persons  who  had  received  the  lists, 
asking  earnestly  for  replies  to  inquiries  about 
the  real  practical  value  of  the  lists.  From  the 
replies  received — about  230  —  it  appeared 
that,  while  the  lists  were  highly  praised,  the 
former  method  of  publication,  though  preferred 
by  a  majority,  could  not  be  continued.  The 
lists  were  found  to  be  practically  useful  to  a 
limited  class  of  libraries  scattered  over  the 
whole  country.  The  committee,  therefore,  re- 
solved not  to  assume  for  the  club  the  expens  e 
and  burden  of  this  work  by  their  own  author- 
ity, but  to  report  their  conclusions  in  detail  at 
a  club  meeting. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  club  will  be  held  at 
Hartford,  Ct.,  on  February  3, 'at  the  union 
meeting  of  New  England  associations,  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Connecticut  Library  Asso- 
ciation. WM.  H.  TILLINGHAST,  Secretary. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary:  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer- 
sity, Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

THE  Minnesota  Library  Association  held  its 
fifth  annual  meeting  on  Tuesday,  Dec.  29,  in 
St.  Paul  and  Minneapolis.  A  strong  attempt 
had  previously  been  made  to  make  this  year's 
meeting  an  especially  large  and  profitable  one, 
and  the  results  were  not  disappointing.  The 
state  educational  association,  which  met  in 
St.  Paul  on  the  same  date,  set  aside  one  session 
of  its  meetings  for  the  discussion  of  library 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


matters.  The  program  for  this  session  was 
planned  by  the  library  association,  and  was  a 
joint  meeting  of  the  two  associations.  This 
seems  to  be  a  good  beginning  toward  establish- 
ing friendly  relations  throughout  the  state  be- 
tween schools  and  libraries.  It  will  at  any  rate 
go  to  prove  that  the  two  branches  of  educa- 
tional work  are  aiming  toward  the  same  re- 
sults, a  point  of  view  which  people  in  Minne- 
sota have  not  always  been  quick  to  take. 

The  papers  read  before  the  joint  meeting 
were  as  follows:  "  Library  economy  in  the 
college  curriculum,"  by  Miss  Lettie  Crafts,  as- 
sistant librarian  of  the  state  university;  "  Cor- 
relation of  the  library  and  school,"  by  Dr.  J. 
K.  Hosmer,  librarian  of  the  Minneapolis  Public 
Library;  "  Minnesota  district  school  libraries," 
by  Mr.  W.  W.  Pendergast,  State  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction.  All  of  these  papers  were 
listened  to  with  interest,  and  went  far  to  iden- 
tify the  work  of  the  two  associations.  Miss 
Crafts's  paper  pleaded  for  a  chair  of  bibliog- 
raphy in  the  college  faculty  and  the  system- 
atic training  of  students  in  using  a  library. 
She  also  pleaded  for  a  course  in  the  summer 
school,  which  should  give  the  teachers  an  op- 
portunity of  learning  something  of  library 
economy.  The  growing  high  school  libraries 
and  district  libraries  almost  demand  that  the 
teachers  should  have  at  least  an  elementary 
knowledge  of  library  science. 

The  afternoon  session,  held  in  the  Minne- 
apolis Public  Library,  was  a  very  interesting 
one.  Over  35  members  were  present,  repre- 
senting the  libraries  of  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis, 
State  University,  Duluth,  St.  Cloud,  Mankato, 
Rochester,  Red  Wing,  Anoka,  and  Stillwater. 
The  president,  Dr.  W.  W.  Folwell,  was  absent, 
and  Dr.  J.  K.  Hosmer,  of  Minneapolis,  pre- 
sided. The  papers  were  uniformly  good  and 
on  live  topics,  the  work  with  the  children,  per- 
haps, receiving  more  attention  than  any  other 
one  subject.  The  reports  from  the  various 
town  libraries  showed  great  progress  through 
the  past  year,  and  left  one  with  the  impression 
that  the  Minnesota  library  spirit  is  greatly 
awakened. 

The  evening  session  found  45  present.  The 
chief  paper  of  the  evening  was  by  Miss  M.  J. 
Evans,  of  Carleton  College,  Northfield.  She 
spoke  on  the  subject  of  "  How  best  to  render 
the  college  student  familiar  with  the  college  li- 
brary." Her  remarks  were  especially  helpful 
to  college  librarians,  and  set  forth  particularly 
the  field  of  usefulness  which  is  open  to  college 
libraries,  but  every  librarian  present  felt  that 
her  own  horizon  had  been  enlarged,  and  that 
many  of  the  suggestions  were  applicable  to 
her  own  case. 

Miss  Countryman  followed  with  a  paper  on 
the  need  of  a  state  library  commission,  and 
gave  briefly  some  facts  in  regard  to  the  bill 
which  is  to  be  introduced  this  winter  in  the 
state  legislature. 

Then  followed  a  pleasant  social  session,  made 
pleasanter  by  ice-cream  and  cake.  The  gal- 
leries of  the  library  had  been  lighted,  and  the 
association  was  taken  through  the  building  to 
see  the  picture  gallery  and  the  collection  of 


casts  which  has  recently  been  placed  in  the 
building.  And  so  closed  the  best  meeting 
which  the  association  has  ever  held. 

GRATIA  A.  COUNTRYMAN,  Secretary. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION, 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  MaryL.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

THE  Nebraska  Library  Association  held  its 
second  annual  meeting  in  the  library  building 
the  state  university  on  the  afternoon  of  Dec. 
31,  from  2  to  4  o'clock.  The  association  is  an 
auxiliary  of  the  state  teachers'  association, 
and  was  held  in  connection  with  the  annual 
meeting  of  that  body.  The  session  proved 
exceedingly  interesting.  It  was  given  up  al- 
most wholly  to  the  discussion  of  travelling 
libraries,  and  suggestions  for  instituting  this 
system  in  the  state. 

The  subject  was  brought  before  the  associa- 
tion in  a  paper  by  Miss  Edna  D.  Bullock,  for- 
merly of  the  state  library,  who  discussed  at 
length  the  New  York  system  of  travelling  li- 
braries, and  told  of  the  success  of  the  plan 
there  and  in  other  states  where  it  has  been 
adopted.  She  set  forth  the  scope,  purposes, 
practical  workings,  and  cost  of  a  state  system 
of  travelling  libraries,  and  urged  that  the  mat- 
ter be  given  serious  attention  in  Nebraska. 

President  D.  A.  Campbell,  of  the  state  li- 
brary, then  called  for  a  full  discussion  of  the 
subject,  and  suggestions  as  to  the  best  means 
of  bringing  the  matter  before  the  legislature. 
Members  of  the  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs 
were  present,  and  as  pioneers  who  have  begun 
a  system  of  travelling  libraries  on  a  small 
scale  promised  all  possible  aid  to  the  move- 
ment for  a  state  system. 

A  communication  from  the  university  re- 
gents, promising  hearty  support  of  the  meas- 
ure, was  read  by  the  secretary,  Mary  L.  Jones. 
Chancellor  MacLean  then  spoke,  heartily  favor- 
ing the  travelling  library.  He  said  he  had 
done  all  he  could  to  help  formulate  and  pass  a 
travelling  library  bill  in  Minnesota.  Such  li- 
braries, he  thought,  fostered  the  growth  of  the 
true  public  libraries,  not  libraries  endowed  by 
private  munificence  but  maintained  by  the 
state  as  truly  educational  institutions  for  the 
uplifting  of  its  people.  He  suggested  that  a 
travelling  library  system  should  have  a  close 
connection  with  the  state  educational  system. 
It  should  act  as  an  aid  in  the  work  of  university 
extension,  which  is  only  beginning  in  Nebraska. 
The  travelling  library  could  reach  places  where 
the  university  extension  course  could  not  — 
could  give  university  extension  work  down  to 
the  fingers  and  toes,  as  it  were,  of  this  state  of 
magnificent  distances/  He  spoke  of  the  enthu- 
siastic support  of  the  regents  and  faculty  for 
this  measure,  and  gave  some  information  as 
to  the  nature  of  the  bill  presented  to  the  Min- 
nesota legislature. 

Prof.  W.  E.  Jillson,  of  Doane  College,  fa- 
vored  travelling  libraries,  and  thought  a  bill 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


33 


should  be  modelled  to  suit  local  conditions. 
Nebraska  needs  such  libraries  much  more  than 
a  thickly-settled  state  like  New  York,  where 
they  have  proved  so  useful. 

The  association  then  voted  to  present  a 
memorial  to  the  coming  legislature  on  the  sub- 
ject, and  to  work  for  the  adoption  of  a  bill  mak- 
ing a  beginning  of  a  travelling  library  system 
in  the  state. 

Mr.  Campbell  read  a  very  interesting  article 
in  the  Chicago  Times-Herald,  Dec.  26,  about 
the  travelling  libraries  started  by  Senator  Stout, 
and  later  by  Mr.  Witter,  in  two  localities  of 
Wisconsin.  The  hunger  of  the  people  for 
books,  their  careful  and  constant  use  of  them, 
were  illustrated  there  and  made  an  almost 
pathetic  plea  for  the  plan  which  has  given 
them  so  much  pleasure. 

Officers  of  the  association  were  elected  for 
the  coming  year  as  follows:  President,  Prof. 
W.  E.  Jillson,  of  Doane  College;  first  vice- 
president,  Miss  Edna  D.  Bullock;  second  vice- 
president,  Miss  Carrie  Dennis;  secretary,  Miss 
Mary  L.  Jones;  treasurer,  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  of 
Beatrice. 

Provision  was  made  for  having  the  state 
library  law  and  a  list  of  the  libraries  of  the 
state  published,  in  order  to  interest  people  in 
the  subject  of  libraries. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  W.  W.  Bailey,  Nashua. 

Corresponding  Secretary :  Miss  Grace  Blan- 
chard,  Public  Library,  Concord. 

Librarian  and  Treasurer :  Miss  A.  M.  Col- 
by, Public  Library,  Concord. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  John  B.  Thompson,  Trenton, 
N.  J. 

Secretary :  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary :  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

JOINT  MEETING  WITH  THE  N.  Y.  LIBRARY  CLUB.* 

THE  annual  joint  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  Association  and  the  New  York 
Library  Club  was  held  this  year  on  January  14, 
in  Brooklyn,  at  the  invitation  of  the  Brooklyn 
Public  Library  Association.  The  meeting  was 
an  »ll-day,  and  for  that  matter  almost  an  all- 
night,  affair;  the  morning  and  afternoon  ses- 
sions being  held  in  the  Art  Building,  on  Monta- 
gue street,  and  a  public  meeting  in  the  evening 
at  the  Academy  of  Music,  having  been  arranged 
to  awaken  public  interest  in  the  matter  of 


*This  report  is  largely  prepared  from  the  excellent 
notes  taken  during  the  meeting  by  Miss  J.  A.  Rathbone, 
secretary  of  the  N.  Y.  Library  Club. 


establishing  a  free  public  library  for  Brooklyn. 
The  Clarendon  Hotel  was  the  headquarters  of 
the  visiting  librarians,  and  here  the  annual 
dinner  was  served,  in  more  abbreviated  fashion 
than  in  former  years,  when  this  prandial  gath- 
ering has  formed  the  social  finish  of  the  con- 
ference. There  was  a  large  attendance  from 
out  of  town,  and  Brooklyn  and  New  York  also 
made  an  admirable  showing,  nearly  200  per- 
sons being  present  during  most  of  the  day. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  10:20 
a.m.,  Mr.  C:  Alex.  Nelson  acting  as  chair- 
man in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Larned,  who  was 
unable  to  attend  on  account  of  the  impor- 
tant business  now  pending  in  Buffalo  regarding 
the  change  of  the  Buffalo  Library  from  a  sub- 
scription institution  to  a  free  public  library. 
Mr.  Nelson  in  a  few  words  welcomed  the  asso- 
ciations to  Brooklyn,  which  he  said  had  often 
been  called  the  sleeping-chamber  of  New  York, 
and  which  perhaps  merited  this  designation, 
at  least  so  far  as  regarded  public  libraries. 
Nevertheless,  though  Brooklyn  could  not  boast 
a  public  library  it  possessed  its  full  quota  of 
free  libraries,  in  the  Union  for  Christian  Work 
with  its  30,000  volumes  and  its  circulation  of 
200,000,  in  the  Pratt  Institute  library,  and  in  a 
number  of  other  libraries,  while  through  the 
efforts  of  the  Brooklyn  Public  Library  Associ- 
ation and  the  stimulus  derived  from  the  meet- 
ing it  was  hoped  that  it  would  not  be  long 
before  a  free  public  library  would  be  added  to 
the  list. 

A  motion  made  by  Mr.  Eastman  was  carried, 
that  the  chair  appoint  a  committee  to  nominate 
officers  for  the  state  association;  another  motion 
appointing  a  committee  of  two  from  the  state 
association  to  act  with  the  club  in  regaid  to 
resolutions  was  also  carried,  and  Mr.  Eastman 
recommended  that  Mr.  Dewey,  president  of 
the  library  section  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  be  asked 
to  speak  on  the  relation  between  that  body  and 
the  library  associations  at  the  close  of  the 
morning's  program. 

The  regular  program  was  then  opened  by 
Mr.  Eastman,  who  read  an  interesting  and  en- 
couraging paper  on  "Library  progress  in  the 
state  of  New  York."  The  library  record  of 
New  York  City  was  first  noted.  The  item  of 
$63, 500  appropriated  for  four  free  circulating  li- 
braries in  the  city  in  January,  1896,  had  in- 
creased by  January  i,  1897  58$,  or  to  $96,700, 
to  be  shared  by  10  distinct  library  corporations, 
which  if  reckoned  by  branches  as  well  as  by 
parent  libraries  gives  a  total  of  19  libraries 
officially  recognized  by  the  city,  and  circulating 
in  1896  1,529,385  v.,  an  increase  of  350,000  v. 
in  two  years.  The  first  notable  impulse  to  the 
library  movement  in  the  state  was  given  by  the 
university  law  of  1892,  the  salient  points  of 
which  were  briefly  reviewed  by  Mr.  Eastman, 
by  which  public  libraries  are  fully  recog- 
nized as  institutions  of  higher  education  and 
the  promotion  of  their  interests  is  made  a  duty 
of  the  regents  of  the  university.  Under  this 
law  for  five  years  $25,000  a  year  has  been  ap- 
propriated for  the  libraries  of  the  state  and  161 
different  libraries  have  received  aid,  some  of 
them  two,  three,  and  four  times.  In  less  than 


34 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


five  years  106  public  libraries  were  chartered 
by  the  university,  22  were  admitted  as  uni- 
versity institutions,  41  were  registered  as 
maintaining  a  proper  standard,  and  17  were 
organized  under  general  laws,  six  of  which 
were  subsequently  admitted  and  five  registered 
by  the  university. 

In  1896  the  state  university  received  the  re- 
ports of  807  libraries,  containing  4,654,961  v., 
and  circulating  5.003,402  v.  In  free  circulating 
libraries  alone  the  increase  has  been  from  238 
in  1893  to  351,  a  growth  of  113  or  47  £  in  three 
years  ;  these  now  contain  1,313,299  v.  and  cir- 
culated in  1896  2,933,628  v.  "  Tnese  figures 
mean  that,  on  an  average,  there  were  10,750 
books  issued  every  day  in  the  year  from  the  free 
libraries,  where  three  years  ago  there  were  only 
6260  books  a  day,  and  that  an  increase  of  2150 
a  day  belongs  to  the  last  year."  As  an  instance 
the  case  of  the  Utica  Public  Library  was  cited, 
which  three  years  ago  reported  a  circulation  of 
about  158  a  day,  and  which  now  has  an  aver- 
age circulation  of  600  a  day  and  a  frequent 
issue  of  1000  a  day. 

The  new  buildings  acquired  by  libraries  in 
the  course  of  the  past  four  years  were  briefly 
reviewed,  and  36  new  and  costly  structures 
were  noted,  while  a  brief  summary  was  given 
of  the  many  new  libraries  established  all  over 
the  state. 

The  travelling  libraries  conducted  by  the 
state  were  described,  and  statistics  of  their 
use  were  given.  There  are  now  in  use  234 
sets  of  the  28  general  and  nine  subject  libraries ; 
768  libraries  have  been  sent  out  on  524  applica- 
tions, and  the  reported  circulation  has  been 

85,393. 

Mr.  Eastman  touched  upon  the  increasing 
frequency  with  which  requests  for  advice  and 
assistance  are  sent  to  the  library  training 
schools  from  local  libraries  and  organizations, 
on  the  growing  thoroughness  and  extension  of 
the  library  school  courses,  and  on  the  wide  sig- 
nificance of  the  recent  establishment  of  a  li- 
brary section  in  t£e  National  Educational  As- 
sociation, and  of  the  development  of  library 
associations.  "  All  these  are  multiplying  signs 
of  the  force  of  the  library  movement.  They 
point  to  a  growing  demand  for  books  of  the 
better  sort,  not  for  entertainment  merely,  nor 
for  excitement,  but  for  information  and  inspira- 
tion." Mr.  Nelson  added  to  Mr.  Eastman's 
interesting  report  the  information  that  a  new 
subscription  library  of  200  members  had  been 
opened  only  the  day  before  this  meeting  by  the 
Woman's  Fortnightly  Club  in  the  26th  ward  of 
Brooklyn. 

The  following  committees  were  then  an- 
nounced: on  nominations,  A.  L.  Peck,  M.  S. 
Cutler,  W.  S.  Sickley;  on  resolutions,  G.  H. 
Baker,  W.  R.  Eastman. 

Mr.  Richard  Jones,  Regents  literature  in- 
spector, then  delivered  an  address  on  "  Litera- 
ture clubs,"  and  the  way  in  which  their  work 
has  been  promoted  through  the  university. 
The  matter  of  improving  public  taste  in  read- 
ing is  one  of  vital  importance.  To  the  question, 
What  do  people  read  ?  there  can  be  but  one 
answer — trash,  weak  trash,  not  to  say  vile 


trash.  Charles  Dudley  Warner  once  asked, 
When  do  the  leisure  classes  read,  and  answered 
that  it  was  not  in  winter,  for  then  the  demands 
of  society  were  to  be  met;  nor  in  summer,  for 
then  time  must  be  given  to  recreation.  Even 
yet  people  do  not  read  the  great  books  of  the 
world,  a  statement  strikingly  illustrated  by  the 
fact  that  Mr.  Jones  had  found  it  impossible  to 
get  25  copies  of  Milton,  or  Spenser,  or  Dante 
in  the  book-stores  of  Philadelphia.  He  doubted 
if  in  all  the  book-stores  of  a  city  of  1,000,000  in- 
habitants there  could  be  found  25  copies  of 
"Paradise  lost"  or  of  Dante;  and  twice,  in 
Chicago  and  New  York,  he  had  cleared  the 
market  of  copies  of  Dante.  He  spoke  vigor- 
ously of  the  need  of  a  higher  general  standard 
of  culture,  and  of  the  work  done  toward  that  end 
by  the  literature  clubs  under  direction  of  the 
regents,  who  were  prepared  to  furnish  courses 
designed  not  only  for  teachers  and  pupils  of 
literature,  but  for  all  who  desired  them.  He 
mentioned  several  of  the  courses  now  in  prep- 
aration or  already  organized,  and  urged  the  co- 
operation of  local  libraries  in  the  work.  The 
books  for  the  courses  would,  if  desired,  be 
made  a  part  of  the  travelling  libraries  sent  to 
communities  desiring  them.  He  quoted  Wood- 
row  Wilson  on  the  value  of  "  mere  literature," 
and  earnestly  urged  the  claims  of  the  literature 
of  power,  as  more  needed  than  the  literature  of 
information. 

The  next  feature  of  the  program  was  a  sym- 
posium on  "  What  should  librarians  read  ?  "  by 
G.  H.  Baker,  W.  A.  Bardwell,  A.  E.  Bostwick, 
and  Wilberforce  Eames.  Mr.  Baker  opened 
the  discussion  by  saying  that  if  he  or  his  col- 
leagues had  intended  to  impress  librarians 
with  the  things  they  ought  to  read,  but  do  not, 
that  portion  of  their  talk  might  be  omitted,  in 
view  of  Mr.  Jones's  address.  The  librarian  of 
a  modern  library,  large  or  small,  has  so  many 
demands  upon  time  and  thought  that  any  sys- 
tematic attempt  to  read  is  almost  impossible, 
except  out  of  business  hours.  Librarians  gen- 
erally must  find  time  to  glance  at  books  to  see 
what  is  to  be  done  with  them  for  practical 
purposes.  There  was  no  time  when  so  many 
demands  were  made  upon  the  librarian,  when 
the  professional  standard  was  so  high  as  at 
present.  The  librarian  should  be  intelligent, 
widely  read,  and  thoroughly  informed,  and  with 
this  greater  need  there  was  a  smaller  possibility 
of  meeting  it.  Some  substitutes  were  suggested 
by  which  the  librarian  might,  in  a  measure, 
supply  the  want  of  time  or  opportunity  to  accom- 
plish the  reading  so  necessary  in  his  work:  first, 
adequate,  intelligent  preparation  for  his  work 
beforehand  ;  second,  an  organized  systematic 
attempt  to  utilize  others'  reading.  In  a  univer- 
sity library  it  is  comparatively  easy  to  enlist 
the  help  of  specialists  on  different  subjects  in 
passing  on  the  literature  of  their  subjects  for 
the  librarian's  information,  and  even  in  public 
libraries  it  should  be  easy  to  find  men  and  wom- 
en with  specific  literary  taste  and  knowledge 
who  will  help  him  in  this  way.  Some  system- 
atic effort  should  be  made  by  the  librarian  to 
gather  around  him  people  who  can  counsel  him 
on  the  selection  of  books  and  on  whose  judg- 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


35 


ment  and  taste  he  can  rely.  But  the  librarian 
cannot  get  this  information  at  second  hand  un- 
less he  has  some  capital  of  his  own  to  start 
with.  He  should  cultivate  the  power  of  im- 
bibing briefly  a  notion  of  the  contents  and 
character  of  a  book  on  almost  any  subject,  of 
obtaining  an  amount  of  varied  if  superficial 
knowledge  on  most  subjects  ;  but  with  this  he 
should  know  some  one  thing  thoroughly,  that 
he  may  keep  in  touch  with  the  methods  used 
by  students  in  their  investigations  and  with 
the  needs  of  investigators  as  a  whole.  Mr. 
Baker  closed  with  a  plea  for  recreative  read- 
ing, often  the  only  kind  of  reading  for  which 
the  librarian  is  fit,  after  the  stress  of  his 
mental  work,  and  recommended  a  thorough 
acquaintance  with  the  daily  papers  and  with 
the  history  of  our  own  time  as  revealed  by 
them. 

Mr.  Bard  well's  contribution  to  the  symposium 
was  read  by  his  son.  It  divided  the  librarian's 
reading  into  two  divisions  —  official  and  un- 
official; the  former  consisting  of  the  necessary 
book  lists,  reviews,  catalogs,  etc.,  the  latter  of 
the  general  literature  that  is  hardly  less  im- 
portant. He  urged  the  utilization  of  odd  min- 
utes, the  time  spent  in  going  to  and  from 
luncheon,  and  especially  the  time  spent  in 
travelling  on  street  cars,  and  said  that  a  book 
read  but  for  a  short  time  at  frequent  intervals 
was  better  remembered  than  one  read  con- 
tinuously. Mr.  Bostwick's  paper  dealt  espe- 
cially with  reviews  as  a  substitute  for  reading 
by  the  librarian,  and  pointed  out  the  fact  that 
modern  reviews  were  written  for  the  critic  or 
"for  the  general  reader,  but  not  for  the  libra- 
rian. What  a  librarian  wants  to  know  about  a 
book  is:  i,  to  what  class  of  readers  does  it  ap- 
peal? 2,  will  that  class  seek  for  it,  or  will  it  be 
desired  only  by  a  few  ?  3,  does  it  contain  any- 
thing objectionable,  morally,  politically,  or  from 
a  religious  standpoint  ?  4,  what  are  its  literary 
merits  ?  and  5,  how  much  reliance  can  be  placed 
upon  its  facts  ?  None  of  these  questions  are 
answered  in  the  ordinary  book  notices,  and  the 
only  way  in  which  they  may  be  solved  is  by  the 
reviewing  of  books  for  librarians  by  librarians. 
Signed  reviews  were,  from  the  librarian's 
standpoint,  far  preferable  to  unsigned  reviews. 
He  believed  that  every  book  in  a  library  should 
have  passed  through  the  librarian's  hands. 

Mr.  Eamesconcluded  the  discussion  with  some 
notes  on  the  necessity  of  keeping  informed  in 
the  various  classes  of  literature.  What  a  li- 
brarian should  read  depends  largely  upon  the 
kind  of  a  library  under  his  care,  but  the  thing 
of  first  importance  is  to  keep  in  touch  with  li- 
brary methods  and  developments.  He  recom- 
mended that  the  reading  of  books  in  the  various 
departments  of  literature  be  divided  among 
heads  of  departments,  and  he  said  that  one  of 
the  duties  of  the  librarian  was  the  preparation 
of  a  course  of  reading  for  his  assistants,  to  be 
followed  at  home. 

Miss  Cutler  and  Mr.  Richardson  both  rose  to 
endorse  Mr.  Baker's  suggestion  that  books  on 
various  subjects  be  "farmed  out"  for  critical 
reading  by  specialists,  whose  work  would  thus 
materially  lighten  the  duties  of  the  librarian. 


Mr.  Dewey  took  another  view  of  the  matter. 
He  said  that  librarians  ought  to  take  their 
own  medicine  and  had  no  more  right  to  ex- 
pect to  do  their  personal  reading  in  office 
hours  than  had  the  cashier  of  a  bank  or  an  en- 
gineer. Librarians  were  paid  better  salaries, 
given  shorter  hours  and  longer  vacations  be- 
cause their  work  was  being  recognized  as  pro- 
fessional. That  meant  that  they  should  take 
time  for  preparation,  not  only  before  entering 
their  profession  but  daily  while  carrying  it  on. 
When  librarians  were  appointed  as  mere  cus- 
todians of  books  at  trifling  salaries  they  might 
do  their  reading  and  study  in  official  hours, 
but  now  the  public  demanded  their  time  as 
rigorously  as  it  did  that  of  the  expert  dentist, 
who  would  lose  his  patients  if,  while  being  paid 
$6  an  hour,  he  should  sit  down  to  read  the 
latest  work  on  dentistry.  The  librarian  who 
contented  himself  with  passing  on  to  readers 
only  second-hand  information  without  him- 
self knowing  thoroughly  at  least  some  of  the 
great  literary  masterpieces  was  making  himself 
merely  a  water-spout  instead  of  a  fountain.  It 
is  his  business  to  urge  on  the  public  the  read- 
ing of  the  best  books,  and  he  has  just  as  much 
leisure  and  strength  for  such  reading  out  of 
office  hours  as  has  the  merchant  or  profes- 
sional man  who  is  subjected  probably  to  greater 
nervous  strain.  The  physician  notoriously  vio- 
lates the  rules  of  health  prescribed  for  his  pa- 
tient and  the  lawyer  is  the  most  ingenious  and 
persistent  violator  of  the  statutes,  but  the  ideal 
librarian  cannot  preach  the  reading  of  the 
literature  of  power  to  the  rest  of  the  world  and 
in  his  practice  neglect  it  for  himself. 

Mr.  Cutter  agreed  with  Mr.  Dewey  that  li- 
brarians should  know  everything,  but  unfortu- 
nately they  did  not  possess  10  or  a  dozen  con- 
temporaneous lives.  He  would  not  advise  any 
one  to  try  to  read  all  the  books  in  arts  and 
sciences,  for  instance,  and  he  thought  that  too 
much  should  not  be  expected  of  librarians  in 
that  respect. 

Mr.  Dewey  then  spoke  briefly  on  the  relation 
that  should  exist  between  the  library  associa- 
tions and  the  National  Educational  Association, 
and  of  the  good  that  co-operation  between  the 
two  could  accomplish.  On  motion  of  Mr.  East- 
man it  was  "Voted,  that  this  meeting  requests 
the  executive  boards  of  the  New  York  Library 
Association  and  the  New  York  Library  Club  to 
secure,  if  possible,  a  representation  of  their 
respective  bodies  of  not  less  than  five  delegates 
at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Educa- 
tional Association  at  Milwaukee  in  July,  1897." 

The  election  of  officers  for  1897  was  next  in 
order,  and  resulted  as  follows:  President,  A. 
L.  Peck,  Gloversville  Public  Library;  Vice- 
presidents:  Willis  A.  Bardwell,  Brooklyn  Pub- 
lic Library,  Miss  E.  G.  Baldwin,  Teachers 
College,  New  York;  Secretary,  W.  R.  East- 
man, State  Library,  Albany;  Treasurer,  J.  N. 
Wing,  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York. 
The  meeting  then  adjourned. 

The  afternoon  session  opened  at  2:30,  with 
the  presentation  of  the  amendment  to  article 
6  of  the  constitution,  discussed  at  the  last  meet- 
ing, which,  on  motion  of  Mr.  Eastman,  was 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


adopted.  The  article  as  amended  reads:  "There 
shall  be  regular  meetings  of  the  club  on  the 
second  Thursday  of  each  October,  November, 
January,  March,  and  May, "the  February  meet- 
ing being  omitted  and  the  first  meeting  occur- 
ring in  October  instead  of  November.  The 
following  new  members  were  then  admitted: 
J.  T.  Gerald,  General  Tneological  Seminary; 
Miss  Jessie  Hume,  Long  Island  City;  Miss 
Irma  Blake,  4  W.  gist  street,  New  York;  Miss 
Gertrude  A.  Brewster,  Lenox  Library. 

The  meeting  then  entered  upon  the  discus- 
sion and  criticism  of  the  best  books  of  1896,  to 
which  the  rest  of  the  afternoon  was  devoted. 
This  exercise  was  modelled  upon  the  A.  L.  A. 
catalog  supplement  session  at  Cleveland,  and 
like  that,  proved  to  be  of  the  greatest  interest 
and  usefulness.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that 
these  critical  "  book  talks,"  so  happily  planned 
by  Miss  Cutler,  have  found  permanent  place  in 
library  meetings,  and  that  they  can  in  a  meas- 
ure solve  some  of  the  difficulties  of  library  re- 
viewing, touched  upon  in  the  morning's  dis- 
cussion of  what  librarians  should  read.  A 
classed  list  of  489  of  the  leading  books  of  1896 
had  been  prepared  at  the  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, and  was  distributed  to  those  in  attend- 
ance at  the  meeting,  while  the  books  in  the 
various  divisions  were  presented  and  com- 
mented upon  by  various  speakers,  whose  choice, 
however,  was  not  limited  to  the  list,  which  was 
simply  a  tentative  selection,  subject  to  revision. 
The  speaker  for  each  subject  or  group  of  sub- 
jects was  allowed  10  minutes,  except  in  the 
case  of  fiction  and  juvenile  books,  where  20 
minutes  each  were  given.  After  a  few  words  of 
introduction  by  Mr.  Eastman,  Mr.  Peoples  pre- 
sented his  selection  of  the  reference-books  of 
1896,  adding  to  the  five  titles  given  in  the 
printed  list  over  30  books  of  reference  pub- 
lished during  the  year.  Among  the  titles  add- 
ed were  "American  book-prices  current,"  and 
its  English  congener,  "Book-prices  current," 
the  "  American  and  English  cyclopaedia  of  law." 
Bowerman's  "  Bibliography  of  religious  de- 
nominations in  the  U.  S.,"  the  "Commercial 
year-book,"  and  the  "  Cumulative  index,"  the 
second  catalog  of  Peabody  Institute,  Pirrie's 
"  Dictionary  of  sea  terms,"  Scott's  "  Book  sales 
of  1895,"  Taylor's  "  Names  and  their  histories," 
and  the  recent  "Catalogue  of  government 
documents,"  issued  by  Supt.  F.  A.  Crandall. 

E.  C.  Richardson,  of  Princeton  University, 
was  assigned  the  books  on  Philosophy  and  ethics 
and  Religion.  In  the  first  division,  if  any  titles 
were  to  be  omitted,  he  suggested  that  Bigelow's 
"  Mystery  of  sleep,"  Morton's  "On  the  art  of 
living  together,"  and  Mrs.  Whitney's  "  Friendly 
letters  to  girl  friends,"  might  be  dispensed  with, 
and  in  their  place  recommended  Butler's  works, 
edited  by  Gladstone;  Titchenor's  "Outline  of 
psychology,"  and  Weber's  "  History  of  philos 
ophy,"  which  was  said  to  be  the  first  choice  of  all 
books  in  that  class  for  the  year.  In  religion 
commendation  was  given  to  Abbott's  "Chris- 
tianity and  social  progress,"  Abraham's  "Jew- 
ish life  in  the  middle  ages,"  David's  "  Buddh- 
ism," and  Vincent's  "Age  of  Hildebrand  "  ; 
"The  Bible  and  the  child,"  by  Dean  Farrar 


and  others,  Guerber's  "Legends  of  the  Ma- 
donna and  Christ,"  and  "Church  unity,"  by 
Shields  and  others,  might  be  omitted;  while 
additions  might  include  Argyle's  "Philoso- 
phy of  belief,"  the  author's  masterpiece; 
Fisher's  "  History  of  Christian  doctrine,"  of 
first  importance ;  Speer's  "Study  of  the  man 
Christ  Jesus,"  Byington's  "  Puritan  in  England 
and  New  England,"  Strong's  "Christian  eth- 
ics," and  Scott's  "  Origin  and  development  of 
the  Nicene  theology." 

Natural  science  and  Useful  arts  were  re- 
viewed by  T.  L.  Montgomery,  who,  as  at  Cleve- 
land, gave  rather  short  shrift  to  the  "  popular" 
scientific  books  represented  by  Trowbridge's 
"  What  is  electricity  ?"  and  Chambers's  "Story 
of  the  solar  system."  Among  those  commended 
were  Mrs.  Dana's  "  Plants  and  their  children," 
Martin's  "Story  of  a  piece  of  coal,"  and  Ma- 
thews's"  Familiar  trees  and  their  leaves,"  while 
the  list  should  certainly  include  Smith's  "  Eco- 
nomic entomology,"  one  of  the  best  scientific 
books  of  the  year. 

Mr.  Cutter  prefaced  his  talk  on  books  in  Fine 
arts  by  a  few  words  on  the  principles  to  be  ob- 
served in  buying  art-books  for  public  libraries. 
He  thought  that  books  that  teach  technique 
are  not  the  first  bo  'ks  to  be  desired,  but  that 
it  is  quite  as  necessary  to  have  works  not  of 
information  but  of  inspiration  on  art  themes. 
Of  the  books  listed  he  mentioned  as  of  special 
value  Gardner's  "  Handbook  of  Greek  sculpt- 
ure," Muther's  "  History  of  modern  painting," 
Sturgis's  "European  architecture,"  and  Tar- 
bell's  "History  of  Greek  art";  while  the 
selection  should  also  include  Berenson's  "Flor- 
entine painters  of  the  Renaissance,"  Vernon 
Lee's  "  Renaissance  fancies  and  studies," 
Goodyear's  "  History  of  art,"  5th  edition, 
and  Evans's  "Animal  symbolism  in  ecclesias- 
tical architecture." 

The  list  of  books  in  Social  science  included 
35  titles,  and  the  presentation  of  this  division 
was  the  most  valuable  feature  of  the  session, 
occupying  about  half  an  hour  instead  of  the  10 
minutes  assigned.  It  was  reviewed  by  Prof. 
Franklin  H.  Giddings,  of  Columbia  University, 
who  submitted  each  book  to  a  brief,  authorita- 
tive, and  masterful  analysis,  and  added  to  the 
list  a  number  of  important  works  that  should 
be  included  in  any  selection  on  the  subject.  It 
is  impossible  to  give  within  necessary  limits 
an  adequate  idea  of  the  value  and  importance 
of  Prof.  Giddings's  summary  ;  only  a  few  of 
the  books  mentioned  may  be  briefly  noted. 
Among  those  specially  commended  were  "  The 
speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,"  by 
M.  P.  Follett,  "the  best  book  of  the  year"; 
"  Problems  of  modern  democracy,"  by  E.  L. 
Godkin;  Hobson's  "  Problem  of  the  unem- 
ployed"; Keasebey's  "Nicaragua  canal  and 
the  Monroe  doctrine";  Le  Bon's  "The  crowd"; 
Lowell's  "Government  and  parties  in  conti- 
nental Europe,"  "a  great  book";  Nicholson's 
"  Strikes  and  social  problems  ";  and  "  America 
and  Europe,"  by  D.  A.  Wells  and  others. 
Those  considered  unnecessary  were  Flint's 
"Socialism,"  "not  worth  .the  paper  it  is 
printed  on";  and  McKechnie's  "The  state 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


37 


and  the  individual."  Spahr's  "Essay  on 
the  present  distribution  of  wealth  in  the 
United  States,"  while  in  a  measure  com- 
mended, was  said  to  be  not  wholly  fair  in 
the  use  of  statistics.  Necessary  additions  to 
the  list  should  include  Gannett's  "  Building 
of  a  nation,"  Stimson's  "  Handbook  to  the 
labor  laws  of  the  United  States,"  and  Chance's 
"  Better  administration  of  the  poor  laws." 

Fiction  was  presented  by  Miss  Helen  E. 
Haines,  who  confessed  to  having  read  43  of  the 
8r  novels  recorded  in  the  printed  list,  besides 
a  number  not  there  included.  She  had  selected 
24  books  as  representing  the  best  fiction  of 
1896,  and  had  divided  them  into  two  groups  — 
first  best  and  second  best.  The  first  list  in- 
cluded Barrie's  "Sentimental  Tommy  ";  "King 
Noanett,"  by  F.  J.  Stimson;  "Sir  George 
Tressady,"  by  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward;  "Weir 
of  Hermiston,"  Stevenson's  great  fragment; 
"The  well  at  the  world's  end,"  William  Morris's 
last  work;  Frederic's  "Damnation  of  Theron 
Ware";  "  The  seats  of  the  mighty,"  by  Gilbert 
Parker;  "The  Reds  of  the  Midi,"  by  Felix 
Gras,"  and  four  books  not  given  on  the  printed 
list  but  that  should  certainly  be  included: 
"Nephele,"  by  F.  W.  Bourdillon;  "A  king 
and  a  few  dukes,"  by  Robert  Chambers; 
"Earth's  enigmas,"  by  C.  G.  D.  Roberts,  and 
"  The  cat  and  the  cherub,"  by  Chester  Bailey 
Fernald.  Among,  the  books  in  the  second 
division  were  Mrs.  Wiggin's  "  Marm  Lisa"; 
"The  exploits  of  Brigadier  Gerard,"  by  A. 
Conan  Doyle;  "Silk  of  the  kine,"  by  L. 
McManus;  Crawford's  "Taquisara";  "Kate 
Carnegie,"  and  three  additions  to  the  printed 
list,  "  Quo  vadis,"  by  H.  Sienkiewicz;  "  Green 
fire,"  by  Fiona  Macleod,  and  Alice  Brown's 
short  stories,  "  Meadowgrass."  Four  books 
were  added  in  a  separate  group,  as  hav- 
ing received  praise  and  popularity,  but  as  not 
belonging,  in  the  speaker's  opinion,  to  the  best 
fiction  of  1896.  These  were  Mark  Twain's  "Joan 
of  Arc,"  characterized  as  out  of  touch  with  the 
spirit  of  the  time  and  people  it  represented  and 
lacking  historical  perspective  ;  "  Madelon,"  by 
Mary  E.  Wilkins  ; "  Adam  Johnstone's  son,"  by 
F.  Marion  Crawford  ;  and  "Tom  Grogan,"  by 
F.  Hopkinson  Smith.  In  the  brief  discussion 
that  followed,  "  GastonLatour,"  Walter  Pater's 
last  novel,  was  added  to  the  list  by  Mr.  Richard- 
son, and  "Tom  Grogan"  found  several  adhe- 
rents, who  dismissed  the  charge  of  sensational- 
ism by  proving  that  the  story  was  founded  al- 
most wholly  upon  fact. 

Literature  was  reviewed  by  Miss  Mary  L. 
Davis,  of  the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library, 
who  gave  most  attention  to  the  poetry  of  the 
year.  She  divided  the  books  into  two  class- 
es—  "those  we  must  have,"  and  those  we 
can  do  without.  Among  those  specially  named 
were  Johanna  Ambrosius's  poems,  "  W.  V.: 
her  book,"  Kipling's  "Seven  seas,"  Wat- 
son's "  Purple  east,"  and  Paul  Lawrence  Dun- 
bar's  poems.  Suggested  additions  included 
Suderman's  "Magda,"  Christina  Rossetti's 
poems,  "Egbert's  Introduction  to  the  study 
of  Latin  inscriptions,"  and  Sharp's  "Lyra 
Celtica." 


Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer  reviewed  the  year's 
production  in  travel,  classifying  the  books  by 
countries,  beginning  with  Japan  and  ending 
with  France.  She  gave  special  praise  to 
Hearn's  "  Kokoro,"  Jaccaci's  "On  the  trail 
of  Don  Quixote,"  and  Theuritt's  "Rustic  life 
in  France,"  and  named  among  additions  to 
the  list  Skinner's  "  Myths  and  legends  of 
our  own  land,"  the  new  editions  of  Homer's 
"Walks  in  Florence,"  Dennie's  "Rome," 
Arnold's  "  Persia  revisited,"  and  Withers's 
"  English  and  Dutch  in  South  Africa." 

Biography  had  been  assigned  to  Miss  M.  S. 
Cutler,  who  divided  the  books  into  two  lists : 
first,  those  of  the  most  valuable,  and  second, 
those  of  a  more  popular  nature.  Among  the 
best  biographies  of  the  year  she  named  Bar- 
rie's "  Margaret  Ogilvy,"  Morse's  "  Life  and 
letters  of  Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,"  Dr.  Hos- 
mer's  "Life  of  Thomas  Hutchinson,"  Lowell's 
"Joan  of  Arc,"  "  which  gives  Mrs.  Oliphant's 
'Jeanne  d'Arc"  no  reason  for  existence"; 
Sloane's  "Napoleon,"  Rossetti's  "  Family  let- 
ters," Ford's  and  Wilson's  biographies  of 
Washington,  and  John  Burroughs's  "Whitman." 
Also  notable  in  this  class  were  Shorter's 
"Charlotte  Bronte,"  Mrs.  Fields's  "Authors 
and  friends"  ;  Mrs.  Clarke's  "My  long  life"; 
"Dolly  Madison,"  by  Mrs.  M.  W.  Goodwin' 
Lodge's  "Richelieu";  Romanes's  "Life  and 
letters";  and  Rae's  "Sheridan." 

History  was  to  have  been  reviewed  by  Mr. 
Lamed,  in  whose  absence  it  was  passed  over, 
and  Miss  Hewins  gave  a  delightful  talk  on  the 
children's  books  of  1896.  The  year,  she  said, 
had  produced  no  very  good  book  for  children, 
"  that  is,  no  book  worthy  to  be  put  into  the  A. 
L.  A.  selected  list."  Mrs.  Moulton's  "In  child- 
hood's country"  she  thought  unsuitable  for 
children;  Wesselhoeft's  "Jerry  the  blunderer  " 
was  not  in  all  respects  desirable,  while  Crock- 
ett's "  Sweetheart  travelleis"  would  not  appeal 
particularly  to  juvenile  readers.  Among  the 
books  given  qualified  approval  were  James 
Barnes's  "For  king  and  country";  Henty's 
three  books  of  the  year;  and  Kirk  Munroe's 
"Rick  Dale."  Eliza  Orne  White's  "A  little  girl 
of  long  ago"  and  Lang's  "Animal  story- 
book "  ranked  as  the  best  books  of  the  year  in 
that  division. 

This  closed  the  day's  program.  After  a  few 
words  the  meeting  was  declared  adjourned,  and 
the  audience  dispersed,  most  of  them  making 
their  way  to  the  Clarendon  Hotel,  where  all  met 
again  at  the  usual  "library  dinner,"  with  which 
the  joint  meeting  usually  gives  a  social  finish  to 
its  day  of  work.  This  year  the  dinner,  though 
enjoyable,  was  a  less  important  affair,  being 
quite  subordinated  to  the  evening  meeting 
in  the  Academy  of  Music  arranged  by  the  Brook- 
lyn Public  Library  Association.  There  were 
no  post-prandial  exercises,  and  most  of  the 
diners  left  the  last  items  of  the  menu  undis- 
cussed,  in  order  to  reach  the  academy  by  eight 
o'clock.  The  academy  meeting,  which  is  re- 
ported elsewhere  in  this  issue,  was  wholly 
successful  and  brought  to  an  end  what  must 
rank  as  one  of  the  best  library  field-days  New 
York  state  has  known. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\fanuary,  '97 


OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary:  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton, 

Treasurer:  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

P&f  JtfSYLVA NIA   LIBRA RY  CL UB. 

President :  Jos.  G.  Rosengarten,  Free  Li- 
brary, Philadelphia. 

Secretary  •  C.  S.  Kates,  Free  Library,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  A.  Resag,  Institute  Free 
Library,  Wilmington,  Del. 

THE  December  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club  was  held  at  the  Drexel  Institute 
on  Monday  evening,  Dec.  14,  98  members  be- 
ing present. 

After  an  examination  of  some  of  the  rare 
books  in  the  Drexel  Institute  Library  which 
were  exhibited  by  Miss  Kroeger,  the  meeting 
was  called  to  order  by  the  vice-president,  Mr. 
T.  L.  Montgomery,  in  the  unavoidable  absence 
of  the  president,  Mr.  J.  G.  Rosengarten. 

The  principal  business  of  the  erening  was 
a  discussion  upon  the  life  and  works  of  Rob- 
ert Burton.  Dr.  McAlister,  president  of  the 
Drexel  Institute,  opened  the  discussion  by  re- 
lating some  reminiscences  of  his  enjoyment  of 
the  "  Anatomy  of  melancholy  "  when  a  young 
student.  Mr.  Thomson,  of  the  Free  Library, 
followed  with  an  account  of  the  life  of  the 
author,  and  explained  that  but  little  was  known 
of  Burton's  life,  owing  to  the  fact  that  he  was 
a  quiet  country  parson  who  proved  his  title 
to  be  called  a  bookworm  by  having  for  20 
years  devoted  himself  to  secluded  studies  in 
the  Bodleian  Library,  in  which  building,  with 
the  aid  of  the  then  librarian  of  that  celebrated 
centre  of  books,  he  amassed  a  large  part  of 
the  material  forming  his  extraordinary  work 
on  melancholy.  The  speaker  gave  several  il- 
lustrations of  Burton's  characteristics  collected 
from  Hearne,  Disraeli,  Anthony  and  Wood, 
Notes  and  Queries,  and  such  other  sources  of 
anecdotes.  It  was  pointed  out  that  Burton 
did  not  write  the  "  Anatomy, "but  that  we  owe 
this  work  to  Bacon,  who  so  generously  gave  us 
his  own  books,  the  Shakespeare  plays,  this 
"Anatomy,"  together  with  a  few  other  hundred 
series  of  works  which  have  passed  hitherto 
under  the  names  of  other  wrkers.  The  igth 
century  "higher  criticism"  is  undoubtedly 
monotonous,  and  it  is  rather  disappointing 
to  find  that  nobody  wrote  the  works  hitherto 
credited  to  him  and  that  everything  is  the 
work  of  some  other  fellow. 

Miss  Mary  Farr,  now  librarian  of  the  Girls' 
Normal  School  in  Philadelphia,  and  formerly 
first  assistant  at  the  West  Philadelphia  Branch 
of  the  Free  Library,  followed  with  a  clever 
paper  dealing  with  the  merits  both  bibliograph- 
ical and  literary  of  Burton's  work.  The  criti- 
cisms advanced  lacked  melancholy  in  every 
sense,  and  her  troubles  in  dealing  with  the 
Latin  portions  were  described  with  a  tinge 
of  real  humor.  She  gave  advice  to '_  other 


readers  in  telling  them  that  if  they  did  not 
know  Latin,  the  best  plan  was  to  look  in  a  note 
for  the  translation,  and  if  no  such  note  was 
given,  then  to  pass  on  to  the  next  paragraph. 
Her  paper  was  received  with  applause,  and  the 
club  then  proceeded  to  discuss  other  business. 
With  reference  to  the  continuation  of  the 
Ames  catalog,  it  was  explained  on  behalf  of  the 
committee  who  had  charge  of  this  matter  that 
the  club  did  not  desire  to  express  any  opinion 
as  to  who  should  be  the  person  selected  to 
make  the  desired  continuation,  and  that  an  in- 
terview had  been  requested  with  Mr.  Harmer 
at  Washington  in  order  that  the  committee 
might  lay  before  him  the  reasons  that  weighed 
with  librarians  in  urgently  asking  for  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  catalog.  An  early  interview 
has  been  promised,  and  the  action  of  the  com- 
mittee was  unanimously  approved. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  W:  R.  Watson,  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  F.  A.  Hutchins,  Baraboo. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer:  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

THE  meeting  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  Asso- 
ciation, originally  scheduled  for  Jan.  28  and 
29,  1897,  has  been  deferred  until  February  22 
and  23,  1897. 

Programs  may  be  obtained  after  February  I 
by  addressing  L.  E.  STEARNS,  Secretary. 

LIBRARY   SECTION    OF    THE    WISCONSIN 
TEACHERS1  ASSOCIATION, 

THE  meeting  of  the  Wisconsin  Teachers'  As- 
sociation, at  Milwaukee,  on  Dec.  29,  30,  and  31, 
will  be  memorable  for  the  prominence  given  to 
library  matters.  At  the  December  meeting,  in 
1895,  the  teachers'  association  voted  to  give  a 
"  library  section "  a  permanent  place  on  its 
program. 

At  the  general  session  of  the  association, 
held  on  the  morning  of  Dec.  30,  Melvil  Dewey, 
state  librarian  of  New  York,  spoke  on  "The 
mission  of  the  modern  library."  Mr.  Dewey's 
address  was  discussed  by  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns, 
secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  Commis- 
sion. 

The  questions,  "  How  can  the  public  library 
be  made  an  aid  to  the  schools  ?"  and  "  How  can 
interest  in  literature  be  stimulated  in  communi- 
ties which  have  no  public  library?"  were  then 
thrown  open  for  a  general  discussion,  in  which 
Miss  Mae  E.  Schreiber,  C.  E.  Patzer,  H.  B. 
Hubbell,  R.  B.  Dudgeon,  and  J.  C.  Freeman 
took  part. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


39 


The  discussion  was  followed  by  a  report  on 
"Needed  library  legislation,"  presented  by 
President  Albert  Salisbury,  of  the  Whitewater 
Normal  School. 

The  afternoon  session  was  conducted  by  F. 
A.  Hutchins,  chairman  of  the  Wisconsin  Li- 
brary Commission.  While  the  morning  meet- 
ing of  the  association  was  mainly  given  to 
showing  the  need  and  value  of  libraries  and 
their  relations  to  schools,  the  afternoon  session 
was  devoted  to  showing  Wisconsin  people  how 
to  get  libraries  for  their  communities.  Mr. 
Dewey  opened  the  discussion  by  citing  many 
ways  of  arousing  interest  and  educating  public 
sentiment.  Dr.  G.  W.  Peckham,  of  the  Mil- 
waukee Library,  explained  the  peculiarities  of 
the  Wisconsin  library  laws. 

Miss  Mary  Edgar,  of  Madison,  then  read  a 
paper  on  her  plan  of  awakening  interest  in  the 
best  literature.  Miss  Mae  Schreiber,  of  the 
Milwaukee  Normal  School,  then  gave  methods 
used  by  her  in  training  student-teachers  to 
read  good  literature  with  pleasure. 

Much  interest  was  evinced  in  these  meet- 
ings; and  the  following  sentiment,  which  ap- 
peared on  the  back  of  the  programs  issued  by 
the  commission,  is  in  a  fair  way  to  be  adopted 
as  the 

BADGER  SLOGAN. 

"Let  every  Wisconsin  community  celebrate 
the  semi-centennial  year  by  improving  or 
founding  a  free  public  library." 

L.  E.  STEARNS,  Secretary  Lib.  Section. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARIANS'  INSTITUTE. 

THE  officers  and  librarians  of  the  Stout  Free 
Travelling  Libraries,  of  Dunn  County,  Wiscon- 
sin, held  an  institute  at  the  Tainter  Memorial 
Library  at  Menomonie,  Wis  ,  on  Nov.  27, 1896. 
Mr.  Hutchins,  chairman  of  the  Wisconsin  Free 
Library  Commission,  presided.  The  meeting 
was  informal.  Such  problems  as  the  following 
were  discussed:  "  How  can  we  advertise  the 
travelling  library?"  "How  can  we  get  the 
boys  to  read  ?"  "  How  can  we  secure  careful 
treatment  of  the  books?"  "Can  small  per- 
manent libraries  be  built  up  at  the  travelling 
library  stations?"  "Can  magazines  taken  by 
patrons  be  circulated  through  the  libraries?" 
Reports  from  the  various  libraries  were  pre- 
sented, ii  of  the  25  libraries  of  30  volumes 
each  show  a  total  circulation  of  1823  volumes 
in  six  months — a  remarkable  showing  con- 
sidering the  sparsely-settled  districts  in  which 
the  volumes  circulate. 

After  some  discussion  upon  ways  of  making 
the  libraries  of  greater  value  to  communities, 
the  members  adjourned  to  the  High  School 
building,  to  meet  with  the  Dunn  County  Teach- 
ers' Institute,  where  papers  were  read  by  Miss 
L.  E.  Stearns,  of  Milwaukee,  on  "Children's 
reading,"  and  by  Miss  Louise  Sutermeister,  of 
Eau  Claire,  on  "  The  travelling  library  move- 
ment in  America."  Miss  Waterston,  a  teacher 
at  Knapp,  Wis.,  read  an  interesting  paper  on 
the  "  Influence  of  the  travelling  library  in 
Pleasant  Vallev."  The  subject  of  travelling 
pictures  was  discussed,  and  it  was  decided  to 


start  a  system  for  the  use  of  the  schools,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  county  superintendent, 
Miss  Elvira  Brickley,  of  Downsville,  Wis. 

Senator  Stout  tendered  the  visiting  delegates 
a  dinner,  after  which  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley, 
of  Chippewa  Falls,  Wis.,  spoke  on  the  travel- 
ling library  movement  in  Chippewa  county. 
After  voting  to  hold  another  institute  in  March, 
1897,  the  meeting  adjourned. 

The  meeting  is  the  more  worthy  of  notice 
as  it  was  undoubtedly  the  first  of  the  kind  ever 
held.  L.  E.  STEARNS, 

Secretary  Wisconsin  Library  Commission. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN    TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 

A  LARGELY  attended  and  enthusiastic  meet- 
ing of  the  North  Wisconsin  Travelling  Library 
Association  was  held  in  the  Vaughn  Library, 
Ashland,  on  Monday,  Dec.  28,  1896. 

Three  committees  of  five  members  each  were 
appointed  by  the  president,  ist,  a  committee 
on  soliciting  and  selecting  books;  2d,  a  com- 
mittee on  soliciting  money;  and  3d,  a  commit- 
tee on  soliciting  members.  Any  one  interested 
in  the  work  may  become  a  member  of  the  as- 
sociation by  signing  the  constitution  and  pay- 
ing during  the  year  $i,  or  its  equivalent  in 
books. 

It  was  decided  to  try  to  send  out  10  libraries 
before  the  first  of  February,  and  to  confine  the 
work  to  the  following  counties:  Ashland,  Bay- 
field,  Sawyer,  Price,  and  Iron. 

The  secretary  reported  that  since  the  first 
meeting  of  the  association  between  60  and  70 
books  and  a  quantity  of  magazines  had  been 
contributed  by  the  people  of  Ashland.  A  cir- 
cular asking  for  books  and  periodicals  has  just 
been  issued  and  distributed  to  the  local  papers, 
which  it  is  hoped  will  bring  a  generous  re- 
sponse. JANET  M.  GREEN,  Secretary. 


Cibrarji 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary:  Miss  May  L.  Bennett,  1888  Sheri- 
dan Road,  Evanston. 

Treasurer:  W.  W.  Bishop,  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute. 

THE  32d  regular  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  in  the  rooms  of  the  Library 
Bureau,  215  Madison  St.,  Chicago,  Thursday 
evening,  November  5,  at  eight  o'clock.  The 
program  was  devoted  to  the  discussion  of  the 
proposed  union  list  of  periodicals  in  the  libra- 
ries of  Chicago  and  immediate  vicinity,  to  be 
compiled  by  the  club.  After  a  short  paper  by 
Mr.  Anderson,  which  was  strongly  in  favor  of 
the  work  being  undertaken  by  the  club,  the 
subject  was  thrown  open  for  general  discus- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


sion.     The  following  resolutions  were  finally 
adopted  : 

•'  Resolved  —  "  I.  That  the  club  deem  it  desirable  to  un- 
dertake the  compilation  and  publication  of  a  union  list  of 
the  periodicals  in  the  libraries  of  Chicago  and  the  imme- 
diate vicinity. 

"  II.  That  there  be  appointed  by  the  president  a  com- 
mittee of  two  on  finance,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  secure 
the  means  necessary  for  the  work. 

"III.  That  there  be  also  appointed  by  the  president  a 
committee  of  three  on  compiling  and  editing.  This  com- 
mittee shall  have  the  power  to  appoint  sun-committees 
and  agents.  It  shall,  with  the  advice  an<1  consent  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  club,  have  entire  charge  of 
the  work  of  preparing  the  union  list  of  periodicals. 

"  IV.  The  executive  committee  shall  make  monthly 
reports  to  the  club  of  the  progress  of  the  work  of  these 
committee*." 

MAY  BENNETT,  Secretary. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 

"A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going  —  and  so  good-day !  " 

A  MEETING  of  the  Milwaukee  Library  Round 
Table  was  held  on  Dec.  3,  1896.  "The  Vatican 
Library"  —  the  third  of  a  series  of  papers  on 
the  great  libraries  of  the  world  —  was  described 
by  Miss  Florence  Olcott,  and  followed  with  a 
talk  by  Dr.  Peckham  on  "Classification  of 
animals." 

At  the  meeting  held  on  Dec.  17  Miss  Agnes 
Van  Valkenburgh  made  a  talk  on  "Modern 
methods  of  book  illustration."  The  talk  was 
illustrated  with  samples  of  the  different  proc- 
esses and  proved  exceedingly  interesting.  Miss 
L.  E.  Stearns  gave  a  report  on  the  Trav- 
elling library  librarians'  institute  recently  held 
at  Menomonie,  Wis.,  and  also  read  a  paper 
written  by  Miss  Delia  Waterston,  a  teacher  of 
Knapp,  on  "What  the  travelling  library  has 
done  for  Pleasant  Valley." 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Secretary:  Miss  J.  A.  Rathbone,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Tuttle,  Long 
Island  Historical  Society,  Brooklyn. 

FOR  report  of  joint  meeting  with  N.  Y.  Li- 
brary Association,  see  p.  33. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF   WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter,  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 

THE  annual  meeting  of  the  Library  Associa- 
tion of  Washington  City  was  held  at  the  Co- 
lumbian University  Building  on  Dec.  30,  1896. 
The  reports  of  the  retiring  officers  were  listened 
to  with  pleasure,  as  they  showed  that  the  past 
year  was  one  of  profit  and  gain.  Eight  meet- 
ings have  been  held  during  that  time,  at  which 
13  papers  upon  subjects  connected  with  the 
librarian's  profession  were  read.  The  finances 
of  the  association  were  reported  in  good  con- 
dition, 71  members  being  on  the  roll. 


The  president  was  authorized  to  appoint  a 
committee  to  be  charged  with  the  duty  of  pre- 
paring a  handbook  of  the  society,  to  contain  a 
list  of  members  and  such  other  matter  as  the 
committee  deemed  appropriate. 

The  subscription  for  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
was  ordered  renewed. 

The  following  persons  were  elected  as  officers 
for  the  ensuing  year:  President,  W.  P.  Cutter; 
librarian  Department  of  Agriculture;  Vice- 
presidents,  Miss  A.  R.  Hasse,  office  of  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Documents;  T.  L. 
Cole,  of  the  Statute  Law  Book  Co.;  Secretary 
and  treasurer,  Mr.  F.  H.  Parsons  (re-elected); 
Executive  committee,  Mr.  Howard  L.  Prince, 
librarian  U.  S.  Patent  Office;  Miss  J.  A.  Clarke, 
librarian  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture; 
Miss  M.  A.  Gilkey,  librarian  Free  Public  Li- 
brary. 

F.  H.  PARSONS,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


Cibrarj)  Schools  anfc  Staining  Classes. 


ARMOUR  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  CLASS. 

AMONG  recent  speakers  before  the  library 
class  were  Dr.  John  Watson  (' '  Ian  Maclaren  "), 
who  told  of  the  work  of  the  school  with  which 
he  is  connected  in  Liverpool ;  Mr.  Thorvald 
Solberg,  of  the  Boston  Book  Co.,  who  gave  an 
interesting  talk  on  his  experiences  in  foreign 
book-stores;  and  Mr.  Melvil  Dewey,  who  visited 
the  Institute  Dec.  31,  and  in  the  evening  was 
tendered  a  reception  by  the  library  class.  He 
spoke  informally  upon  the  national  library  of 
America. 

The  course  of  lectures  on  bookbinding,  by 
Mr.  Irving  Way,  of  Way  &  Williams,  began 
Jan.  5.  It  includes  an  introductory  view  of 
the  subject,  and  separate  discussions  of  prepa- 
ration of  ms.  by  author,  selection  of  type  and 
page  form,  machine  vs.  hand  composition, 
preparation  of  proofs  in  galley  and  page  form, 
selection  of  paper,  ink  and  presswork,  illus- 
tration, decoration,  sending  of  press  copies  and 
putting  books  on  the  market. 

Recent  notes  of  work  done  by  graduates  are 
as  follows : 

Miss  Mary  J.  Calkins,  of  the  class  of  '96,  is 
librarian  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  Chicago.  Miss  Maude  R.  Hen- 
derson, of  the  class  of  '96,  has  a  position  in  the 
New  York  Public  Library.  Miss  Charlotte  H. 
Foye,  who  was  in  the  library  class  from  '95-6, 
has  a  position  as  assistant  in  the  John  Crerar 
Library,  Chicago.  Miss  Eleanor  Roper,  of  the 
class  of  '96,  has  been  appointed  assistant  in  the 
library  of  Armour  Institute. 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  CLASS. 

A  COURSE  of  six  lectures  on  "  The  history  of 
books  and  libraries,  including  the  rise  ard  de- 
velopment of  printing"  will  be  delivered  by 
Dr.  James  MacAlister,  president  of  the  Insti- 
tute, in  the  auditorium  of  the  Institute,  on 
Tuesday  and  Friday  afternoons,  beginning 
March  16.  The  lectures  will  be  illustrated  by 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


an  extensive  collection  of  lantern  slides  de- 
rived from  inscriptions,  manuscripts,  illumina- 
tions, rare  books,  bindings,  portraits,  libraries, 
buildings,  etc.,  and  the  course  will  cover  the 
history  and  development  of  language,  oral  and 
written,  the  written  records  of  Egypt,  Chaldea, 
Assyria,  and  Babylon,  the  literature  of  Greece 
and  Rome,  and  the  decline  of  ancient  culture, 
the  history  of  the  book  in  the  Middle  Ages,  the 
renaissance  and  the  revival  of  literature,  early 
printing  and  engraving,  and  the  development 
of  literature  and  libraries  in  our  own  time. 

NEW  YORK  STA  T£  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 
SELECTION   OF  BOOKS. 

THE  discussion  of  books  as  a  feature  of  libra- 
ry meetings  is  steadily  growing  in  favor.  It 
was  begun  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association,  held  during  the  post- 
conference  trip  at  the  Sagamore  Hotel,  Lake 
George,  Sept.  1894.  A  list  of  50  books  on  his- 
tory for  popular  use  was  discussed.  The 
meeting  of  the  New  York  Library  Association, 
held  at  Syracuse,  May,  1896,  gave  an  entire 
session  to  the  "  Best  books  of  1895  for  a  village 
library."  The  discussion  of  the  "Supplement 
to  the  catalog  of  the  '  A.  L.  A.'  library,"  which 
was  planned  for  the  Denver  meeting  of  the  A. 
L.  A.,  was  postponed  on  account  of  the  ab- 
sence of  the  committee  having  it  in  charge.  At 
Cleveland  it  was  given  an  evening  session, 
which  extended  from  8:17  to  u  p.m.  The 
plan  of  putting  the  discussion  of  special  sub- 
jects into  the  hands  of  authorities  on  those 
subjects  was  introduced,  e.g.,  R.  G.  Thwaites, 
history;  Miss  Hewins,  children's  books.  At 
the  joint  meeting  of  the  New  York  Library 
Association  and  the  New  York  Library  Club, 
Brooklyn,  Jan.  14,  1897,  the  "  Best  books  of 
1896  for  a  village  library  "  were  considered,  and 
at  the  fall  meeting  of  the  New  Hampshire 
Association  a  similar  program  was  carried  out. 
At  both  of  these  meetings  the  Cleveland  plan 
of  division  of  subjects  was  followed. 

Owing  to  the  new  emphasis  laid  by  the 
association  on  the  selection  of  books,  the  meth- 
ods of  teaching  this  subject  in  the  school  have 
been  even  more  carefully  considered.  The 
foundation  knowledge  of  standard  authors  has 
always  been  considered  preparatory  work. 
For  four  years  an  attempt  was  made  to  take 
up  a  somewhat  systematic  study  of  modern 
authors.  This  has  now  been  relegated  to  pre- 
paratory work,  and  selection  is  taught  by  use 
of  the  current  books.  A  lecture  on  the  most 
important  critical  reviews  and  one  on  American 
publishers  begins  the  course  which  extends 
over  two  years,  both  classes  working  together. 
Each  student  subscribes  for  the  Publishers' 
Weekly  (at  the  usual  special  rates),  and  checks 
in  each  number  as  it  appears  the  books  which 
in  his  opinion  are  valuable  fora  public  library. 
Medical,  law,  and  very  technical  books  are 
disregarded.  The  selections  of  each  student 
are  submitted  each  week  to  the  instructor  and 
returned  with  criticisms.  14  foreign  and  30 
American  serials  are  examined  co-operatively, 
each  number  of  the  class  being  responsible  for 


two  and  noting  references  for  the  most  valua- 
ble books  on  the  slips  which  have  been  cut 
from  the  Publishers'  Weekly.  Every  week  10  of 
the  most  important  books  are  taken  up  in  class, 
each  student  having  previously  examined  the 
books  carefully  and  read  two  of  the  best  re- 
views which  are  selected  by  the  instructor. 
In  the  class  discussion  the  scope  of  the  book, 
the  qualifications  oi  the  author  to  write  such  a 
book,  the  question  "to  what  class  of  readers 
is  it  of  special  value  ?  "  are  dwelt  upon  most 
strongly.  Incidentally  the  make-up  of  the  book, 
its  illustrations,  its  cover,  and  the  comparative 
merits  of  the  different  publishers,  are  consid- 
ered. The  printed  slips  for  selected  books, 
with  the  selected  reviews,  are  preserved  by 
each  student  for  future  use.  Many  of  the 
books  are  read  by  the  class,  though  only  a 
careful  examination  is  required.  About  500 
books  are  taken  up  in  this  way  in  the  two  years' 
course.  Criticisms  or  suggestions  in  regard  to 
these  methods  are  invited  from  those  who  have 
given  the  matter  special  thought. 

GKADUATES  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

Errors  which  creep  into  printed  statements 
regarding  those  who  have  been  at  some  time 
connected  with  the  New  York  State  Library 
School,  suggest  the  desirability  of  printing  in 
the  JOURNAL  an  authoritative  list  of  graduates. 
217  students  have  matriculated  in  the  schools 
since  Jan.  5,  1887.  Of  these,  22  completed  the 
course  at  Columbia  College  Library,  and  are 
counted  as  graduates  of  the  school  though  they 
do  not  hold  the  state  diploma.  45  hold  a  di- 
ploma from  the  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York.  Of  these  45,  14  have  received  the  de- 
gree B.L.S.  Besides  these,  44  others  hold  the 
first-year  certificate. 

The  significance  of  the  credentials  is  ex- 
plained by  the  following  extracts  from  the  of- 
ficial handbook: 

"  Pass-cards.  These  are  issued  to  any  person 
who  passes  one  or  more  library  examinations, 
regardless  of  age,  sex,  residence,  or  previousin- 
struction.  They  simply  show  that  the  holder 
knows  enough  of  each  subject  certified  to  meet 
the  required  test. 

"  first-year  certificate.  This  shows  that  the 
holder  has  passed  the  entrance  examinations, 
has  completed  satisfactorily  the  work  and  ex- 
aminations of  junior  year,  and  is  officially  rec- 
ognized as  a  senior  library  student.  This  cer- 
tificate is  necessary  for  admission  to  the  senior 
class. 

"Diploma.  This  shows  that  the  holder  has 
met  all  entrance  requirements,  has  secured  at 
least  one  year's  instruction  in  residence  at  the 
school,  and  has  passed  each  examination  of 
the  two  years'  course  with  a  standing  of  not 
less  than  75  per  cent. 

"Honor  credentials.  If  three-fourths  of  all 
the  required  work  is  completed  with  an  exam- 
ination standing  of  90  per  cent,  or  over,  the 
credential  is  issued  'with  honor.' 

"B.L.S.  The  degree  B.L.S.  is  conferred 
only  on  graduates  who  have  met  all  require- 
ments of  the  course  for  an  honor  diploma,  and 
who  submit  diplomas  or  certificates  from  reg- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


istered  colleges  or  pass  examinations  covering 
at  least  two  full  years  of  general  college  work. 
Thus  the  full  course  for  which  the  degree  is 
given  includes  two  years  of  college  work  and 
the  two  years  technical  work  in  the  Library 
School,  so  that  candidates  cannot  earn  a  degree 
in  less  than  four  years  after  graduation  from 
the  academy  or  high  school." 

STUDENTS    COMPLETING     COURSE    AT     COLUMBIA 
COLLEGE  LIBRARY  I 

Baldwin,  Elizabeth  C. 
Clarke,  Edith  Emily. 
Cole,  George  Watson. 
Cutler,  Louisa  Salome. 
Denio,  Lilian. 
Fernald,  Harriet  Converse. 
Godfrey,  Lydia  Boker. 
Hopson,  Ema  K. 
Jackson,  Annie  Brown.- 
Jones,  Ada  Alice. 
Marsee,  Isabel  Rebecca. 
Medlicott,  Mary. 
Miller,  Eulora. 
Palmer,  Henrietta  Raymer. 
Patton,  Frances  Chauncey. 
Plummer,  Mary  Wright. 
Prescott,  Harriet  Beardslee. 
Seymour,  May. 
Underbill,  Caroline  Melvil. 
Ward,  Ama  Howard. 
Wire,  George  E. 
Woodworth,  Florence. 

STUDENTS  HOLDING   DIPLOMA   FROM   UNIVERSITY 
OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK  \ 

Avery,  Myrtilla,  B.L.S. 

Biscoe,  Ellen  Dodge. 

Bowerman,  George  Franklin,  B.L.S. 

Browne,  Nina  Eliza,  B.L.S. 

Bullock,  Edna  Dean. 

Bullock,  Waller  Irene. 

Bunnell,  Ada,  B.L.S. 

Burdick,  Esther  Elizabeth. 

Burns,  William  Savage,  B.L.S. 

Cattell,  Sarah  Ware,  with  honor. 

Champlin,  George  Greenman. 

Christman,  Jenny  Lind,  B.L.S. 

Church,  Henrietta. 

Davis,  Mary  Louise,  with  honor. 

Denio,  Herbert  Williams. 

Eastman,  Rev.  William  Reed,  B.L.S. 

Ellis,  Mary. 

Foote,  Elizabeth  Louisa,  B.L.S. 

Forsyth,  Walter  Greenwood. 

Harrison,  Joseph  LeRoy,  B.L.S. 

Harvey,  Elizabeth. 

Hawes,  Clara  Sikes. 

Hawley,  Mary  Elizabeth. 

Jones,  Mary  Letitia,  B.L.S. 

Kroeger,  Alice  Bertha,  with  honor. 

Leonard,  Grace  Fisher,  with  honor. 

Macky,  Bessie  Rutherford,  B.L  S. 

Middleton,  Jennie  Young. 

Olcott,  Frances  Jenkins. 

Plympton,  Charles  William,  with  honor. 

Pond,  Nancy  May,  B.L.S. 


Rathbone,  Josephine  Adams,  B.L.S. 

Rice,  Helen  Ward. 

Robbins,  Mary  Esther. 

Sharp,  Katharine  Lucinda,  B.L.S. 

Sheldon,  Helen  Griswold. 

Silliman,  Helen  Cornwall. 

Sperry,  Helen,  with  honor, 

Stanley,  Harriet  Howard,  with  honor . 

Sutermeister,  Louise  Mathilde. 

Sulliff,  Mary  Louise. 

Swayze,  Mary  Camilla. 

Temple,  Mabel. 

Wheeler,  Martha  Thorne,  wit  A  honor. 

Wilson,  Minnie  Cornwell,  with  honor. 

MARY  S.  CUTLER. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY,  I 
Jan.  5,  1897.  J 

PRA  TT  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL 

A  NUMBER  of  interesting  lectures  have  been 
given  to  the  students  of  the  school  since  the 
opening  of  the  term.  Following  Mr.  Theodore 
L.  De  Vinne's  lecture  on  printing  were  two  lect- 
ures on  bookbinding  by  Miss  Evelyn  Hunter 
Nordhoff ,  on  Nov.  20  and  27.  Miss  Nordhoff  also 
gave,  on  Dec.  n  and  18,  two  process-lectures  at 
her  studio  in  New  York,  for  the  members  of  the 
second-year  class.  In  the  first  lecture  she  dis- 
cussed details  of  forwarding,  and  gave  a  prac- 
tical demonstration  of  the  process  of  preparing 
a  book  for  its  cover.  The  second  lecture  dealt 
with  bindings  proper,  and  attention  was  given 
to  the  various  grades  and  kinds  of  leather,  the 
processes  of  ornamentation,  and  the  details  of 
finishing.  The  lectures  proved  most  instruc- , 
tive  and  interesting,  the  practical  demonstra- 
tions that  accompanied  them  serving  as  effec- 
tive object  lessons,  and  making  the  subject 
matter  more  definitely  understood  and  more 
clearly  remembered. 

A  meeting  to  organize  a  graduate  association 
was  held  in  connection  with  the  joint  meeting 
of  the  New  York  Library  Club  and  state  asso- 
ciation on  January  14.  Through  such  an  or- 
ganization it  is  hoped  to  strengthen  the  interest 
of  the  graduates  in  the  school  and  keep  them 
in  touch  with  one  another.  Those  graduates 
who  are  interested  in  the  plan  but  were  unable 
to  attend  the  meeting  are  asked  to  communi- 
cate with  Miss  Eleanor  H.  Frick,  Pratt  Insti- 
tute Free  Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  Astor  Library  has  engaged  two  of  the 
graduates  of  the  school  —  Miss  Sarah  S.  Oddie, 
class  of  '95,  and  Miss  Maria  V.  Leavitt,  class 
of  '96.  It  has  also  taken  Miss  Bertha  Eger,  of 
the  reference  department  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Free  Library,  as  a  member  of  its  cataloging 
staff.  Miss  Gertrude  A.  Brewster,  class  of  '95, 
has  been  engaged  for  the  cataloging  staff  of 
the  Lenox  Library,  resigning  her  position  at 
the  Long  Island  branch  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Free  Library  in  order  to  take  up  this  work  in 
New  York.  She  has  been  succeeded  at  the 
Long  Island  library  by  Miss  Miriam  S.  Draper, 
class  of  '95.  Miss  Bertha  G.  Carr,  class  of 
'96,  has  been  engaged  by  the  Globe  Company 
of  New  York  City  to  catalog  their  library  at 
Newburgh,  N.  Y. 


[January,  '97 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


43 


Bemetos. 


CATALOGUE  of  the  public  documents  of  the  53d 
Congress  and  of  all  departments  of  the  gov- 
ernmentof  the  U.  S.  for  the  period  from  March 
4,  1893,  to  June  30,  1895  [being  the  "  Com- 
prehensive index"  provided  for  by  the  act 
approved  Jan.  12,  1895];  prepared  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments. Washington,  Gov.  Print.  Office,  1896. 
638  p.  O. 

In  the  evolution  of  the  cataloging  of  govern- 
ment publications,  the  last  and  the  best  step 
forward  is  the  new  catalog  from  Superintend- 
ent Crandall's  office,  covering  public  documents 
during  the  period  of  the  53d  Congress,  March  4, 

1893,  to  June  30,  1895.     The  first  step  was  the 
so-called  "  Descriptive  catalogue  "  —  which  was 
not  descriptive  at  all  —  of  Ben.  Perley  Poore, 
the  1392  pages  of  which  were  devoted  to  an 
approximately  chronological  entry  of  govern- 
ment publications,  so  far  as  they  could  be  run 
to  earth,  from  September  5,  1774,  to  March  4, 
1881,  the  end  of  the  46th  Congress,  and  a  brief 
reference    index    of    minimum    value.       This 
hodgepodge,  although  useful  for  its  material, 
has  been  of  little   use   as   a  working  catalog. 
The  second  step  was  the  purposely  brief  list,  ar- 
ranged  by   departments,   which   was   made   a 
feature  of  the  American  Catalogue,  taking  up 
the  work  at  the  end  of  the   Poore  period  and 
continuing  it  in  the  parts  issued  last  year  to 
June   30,    1895,    like    Mr.    Crandall's   catalog. 
The   third   step,   if   Mr.  Hickcox's   "Monthly 
catalogue  "  is  not  counted  as  a  permanent  cat- 
alog, was  that  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Ames's  "Compre- 
hensive index  of  the  publications  of  the  U.  S. 
government  covering  the  period  1889  to  1893," 
that  of  the  sist  and  52d  Congresses,  issued  in 

1894,  which  adopted  a  tabular  method  present- 
ing in  the  centre  the  briefest  practicable  entry 
arranged   by  subject,    with   references   to  the 
several  forms  in  which  the  document  appeared; 
on  the  right-hand  side  a  memorandum  of  its 
place  in  the  regular  Senate  and  House  docu- 
ments, and  on  the  left-hand  side  the  name  of 
the  department  issuing,  the  chairman  of  the 
committee,   or    other    actual    or    constructive 
author.     This  was  a  valuable  piece  of  work, 
but   its   tabular  feature  was   something   of   a 
drawback  in  practical  use. 

The  new  catalog  is  thoroughly  on  the  diction- 
ary plan,  having  no  appended  index  except  one 
of  "  Governmental  authors,"  being  an  alpha- 
betical list  of  the  departments  and  subdivisions, 
from  which  documents  issue.  It  is  almost  a 
model  in  typography,  the  only  serious  criticism 
being  that  until  the  eye  has  become  accustomed 
to  the  difference  in  types  it  is  difficult  to  dis- 
tinguish between  the  headings  and  subheadings 
which  are  respectively  in  antique  or  Clarendon 
of  different  sizes.  After  one  has  become  accus 
tomed  to  the  catalog  the  difference  is  fairly 
evident.  A  good  example  of  the  catalog  at 
its  best  will  be  found  under  the  headings  Li- 
braries and  Library.  There  are  here  nine 


entries  under  Libraries,  being  the  titles  of  the 
general  papers  in  the  Chicago  conference  re- 
port, with  17  cross-references  to  specific  sub- 
jects on  which  papers  are  included  in  that  vol- 
ume or  to  cognate  entries;  two  under  Library 
and  Rolls  Bureau;  cross-references  to  names  of 
members  under  Library  committee;  one  on  Li- 
brary fittings,  14  under  Library  of  Congress, 
two  under  Libraries  of  departments,  one  on  Li- 
brary pest,  and  one  on  Library  training.  This 
shows  the  minuteness  of  the  work,  which  will 
probably  be  one  ground  of  criticism  of  the  cata- 
log on  the  part  of  those  unfamiliar  with  the 
value  of  close  entries  in  such  a  catalog.  The 
only  defect  that  occurs  to  us  is  the  difficulty  of 
finding  out  comprehensively  the  publications 
of  any  one  department,  and  perhaps  this  want 
could  wisely  be  supplied  by  a  second  appendix, 
giving  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  departments 
with  their  several  subdivisions  logically  ar- 
ranged underneath,  and  in  each  subdivision 
the  regular  lines  of  publication,  thus  grafting 
into  this  standard  government  catalog  the 
most  distinctive  feature  of  the  American  Cata- 
logue appendix. 

The  office  of  the  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments, and  particularly  Mr.  F.  A.  Crandall 
himself,  is  to  be  heartily  congratulated  on  this 
work,  which  for  an  initial  volume  is  remarkably 
successful.  The  work  was  begun  while  Mr.  J. 
H.  Hickcox  was  cataloger  in  the  office,  but  has 
been  carried  through  to  completion  by  Miss 
Edith  E.  Clarke,  who  succeeded  to  the  office  of 
head  cataloger,  and  to  whom  Mr.  Crandall 
gives  pleasant  and  deserved  credit  in  his  pref- 
ace. The  coast  is  now  clear  for  continuing 
the  catalog  of  government  publications  from 
congress  to  congress  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  bill  of  1895,  with  an  excellent 
working  model,  and  whether  the  work  be  con- 
tinued backward  on  this  excellent  plan  or  on 
the  plan  adopted  by  Dr.  Ames  for  the  earlier 
volume,  undoubtedly  the  present  work  will  give 
the  method  for  the  succeeding  volumes.  Men- 
tion of  the  date  of  the  passage  of  the  bill  pro- 
viding for  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  of 
Documents,  which  was  approved  January  12, 
1895,  suggests  a  further  word  of  praise  for  the 
enormous  amount  of  work  accomplished  by 
the  new  bureau  under  great  difficulties  within 
so  short  a  time.  R.  R.  B. 


Cibrars  (Economy  anb  ^i 


GENERAL. 

THE  Library  contains  in  its  December  number 
several  articles  of  interest  in  reference  work. 
These  are  Bntler  Wood's  paper  on  "  The  selec- 
tion of  books  for  a  reference  library,"  "  Notes 
on  the  formation  of  a  small  reference  library," 
by  R.  K.  Dent,  both  read  at  the  Buxton  con- 
ference; and  "On  the  place  of  specialization 
in  library  work,"  by  Basil  Anderton. 

THE  regents  of  the  University  of  the  State 
of  New  York  have  printed  as  a  special  pam- 
phlet of  52  pages  the  proceedings  of  the  li- 


44 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


{January,  '97 


brary  session  at  the  1896  University  convoca- 
tion. "This  includes  the  remarkably  strong 
paper  on  "  The  mission  and  missionaries  of  the 
book,"  by  J.  N.  Larned,  of  the  Buffalo  Li- 
brary, the  addresses  on  "The  correlation  of 
library  and  school,"  by  A.  L.  Peck  and  Superin- 
tendent J.  A.  Estee,  of  Gloversville,  the  admi- 
rable paper  on  "  How  to  develop  interest  in  the 
library,"  by  W.  E.  Foster,  of  the  Providence 
Public  Library,  and  a  full  report  of  the  dis- 
cussions, which  dealt  interestingly  with  all 
these  phases  of  library  work.  Those  specially 
interested  can  obtain  a  copy  without  expense 
by  addressing  a  post  card  to  the  Public  libra- 
ries dirision,  Regents'  office,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

EXAMINATION  Bulletin  No.  10  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  the  State  of  New  York  is  devoted  to 
"  Regents'  examination  papers  for  the  aca- 
demic year  1896."  (500  p.  O.)  Pages  349 -380 
are  devoted  to  the  question  papers  used  at 
the  33d  library  examination,  June  16-  19,  1896. 

LOCAL. 

Auburn,  N.  Y.  Case  Memorial  L.  The 
American  Architect  of  Nov.  21  publishes  a 
number  of  competitive  designs  for  the  Case 
Memorial  Library. 

Augusta,  Me.  Lithgow  L.  On  Dec.  4  a  spe- 
cial meeting  of  the  city  council  was  held  to 
consider  the  question  of  open  shelves  for  the 
Lithgow  Library.  The  question  of  whether  or 
not  it  was  desirable  to  permit  free  access  to  the 
shelves  had  previously  been  submitted  to  a  com- 
mittee of  three.  At  the  council  meeting  the 
committee's  reports  were  presented.  The  ma- 
jority report,  signed  by  two  members,  stated 
that  the  matter  had  been  carefully  investigated 
and  that  information  had  been  obtained  from 
II  Maine  libraries,  in  only  one  of  which  were 
open  shelves  used.  Their  conclusion  was  that 
free  access  was  impracticable  under  present 
conditions,  and  that  the  existing  system  should 
be  given  a  fair  trial.  In  the  minority  report 
the  other  member  of  the  committee  recom- 
mended "  the  adoption  of  the  open-shelf  sys- 
tem, with  slight  modifications,  if  such  shall  be 
found  necessary  to  render  this  system  practi- 
cable in  this  library."  At  the  council  meeting 
the  majority  report  was  voted  down  and  the 
minority  report  accepted. 

Baltimore.  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.  Branch  6  of 
the  library  was  formally  opened  on  Saturday 
afternoon,  Nov.  14.  The  branch  opened  with 
about  6000  v.  on  its  shelves  and  some  40  cur- 
rent periodicals  in  its  reading-room.  From 
present  indications  the  use  of  the  reading-room 
of  this  bra'nch  will  surpass  that  of  any  other 
of  the  branches  of  the  library.  The  branch 
is  open  from  2  to  9  p.m.,  and  thus  far  there 
have  been  nearly  1000  readers  a  week  in  the 
reading-room.  With  the  opening  of  this  branch 
the  combined  circulation  of  the  branches  sur- 
passes that  of  the  central  library. 

BOSTON   PUBLIC  LIBRARY;  by  Lilian  Whiting. 
(In  Chicago  Advance,  Dec.  3,  1896.)     2  col. 


Bridgeport  (Ct.)  P.  L.  The  lithograph  ex- 
hibition held  early  in  December  in  the  art- 
rooms  of  the  library  proved  of  general  popular 
interest.  It  included  lithographs  designed  for 
Puck,  Truth,  and  other  papers,  advertising 
lithographs  and  "  art"  posters,  and  examples 
of  black  and  white  work. 

Bristol  (Ct.)  F.  P.  L.  The  library  was  opened 
Dec.  i  in  the  attractive  new  building  obtained 
by  remodelling  a  suitable  residence  for  library 
purposes.  The  building  affords  ample  room, 
is  attractively  fitted  up  and  well  lighted,  andis 
a  delightful  contrast  to  the  previous  crowded 
and  inadequate  quarters.  The  entrance  leads 
through  a  hallway  to  the  reception-room,  in 
which  is  the  delivery-counter,  placed  between 
this  and  the  stack-room,  with  a  capacity  of 
I2,ooov.  On  the  right  is  the  librarian's  private 
room,  and  in  front  is  the  reference-room.  An 
easy  flight  of  stairs  leads  to  two  pleasant 
reading-rooms  on  the  second  floor,  where 
papers  and  magazines  are  to  be  found.  Back 
of  tkese  is  another  stack-room,  connected  with 
the  one  on  the  first  floor  by  a  flight  of  stairs. 
There  is  also  a  large  attic,  easily  reached,  in 
which  many  books  can  be  stored. 

The  Bristol  Library  has  been  in  existence  as 
a  free  public  library  only  about  five  years, 
during  which  time  it  has  received  two  bequests 
of  $5000  each.  Its  nucleus  dates  from  1845, 
when  a  number  of  ladies  formed  a  "  New  car- 
pet society  "  for  the  purpose  of  raising  money 
to  buy  a  new  carpet  for  the  church.  When  this 
object  was  accomplished  they  converted  the 
organization  into  a  friendly  society,  and  by 
sewing  and  making  articles  for  sale,  realized 
money  for  the  purchase  of  books  for  common 
reading.  In  1868  the  society  had  accumulated 
a  library  of  445  volumes  and  had  $70  in  cash 
on  hand.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  then  being 
formed  in  Bristol,  and  the  ladies  agreed  to 
turn  over  to  it  their  library  (with  the  unex- 
pended money)  in  trust  to  be  forever  main- 
tained as  a  circulating  library  open  to  the 
public.  The  association  housed  and  cared  for 
it,  twice  replaced  it  after  fires,  and  devoted  the 
subscription  fees  received  to  its  increase.  By 
this  means  it  had  reached  the  number  of  2528 
volumes  in  1891,  when  the  first  bequest  of  $5000 
was  received  and  the  town  voted  to  take  over 
the  library  and  appropriate  an  annual  three- 
fourths  of  a  mill  tax  for  its  maintenance.  It 
now  contains  over  6000  v.  Charles  Wooding  is 
librarian. 

Brookline  (Mass.}  P.  L.  The  library  cele- 
brated its  sgth  anniversary  on  Dec.  2  by  throw- 
ing open  the  whole  building  to  the  public,  thus 
giving  the  people  an  opportunity  to  examine 
for  themselves  the  books  on  the  shelves,  and 
the  librarian  and  his  assistants  to  explain  the 
practical  work  of  the  library  to  such  as  might 
be  interested  in  it.  The  innovation  proved  a 
most  popular  one,  and  the  library  was  visited 
by  a  large  number  of  interested  persons.  A 
collection  of  West  Indian  photographs  and  a 
number  of  rare  colored  views  of  social  events 
in  England  200  years  ago  were  on  exhibition. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


45 


The  library  was  first  opened  to  the  public  Dec. 
2,1857- 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  L.  The  music  department 
of  the  library,  which  numbers  over  2000  v.,  has 
been  augmented  by  the  purchase  of  over  200 
volumes  of  music,  mostly  by  modern  French 
and  German  composers.  The  addition  consists 
of  recent  publications  of  pianoforte  sheet- 
music  for  two  and  four  hands,  bound  up  into 
volumes;  opera  scores  with  words,  and  opera 
and  orchestral  scores  arranged  as  pianoforte 
solos.  Some  20  volumes  of  songs  by  Buck, 
Chaminade,  McDowell,  Tschaikowsky,  and 
others,  have  been  added  to  the  department  of 
vocal  music,  making  altogether  about  200  vol- 
umes of  choice  songs,  both  sacred  and  secular, 
by  modern  composers. 

A  feature  of  the  library's  work  has  been  the 
use  made  of  it  by  clubs  and  associations,  for 
which  reduced  subscription  rates  are  made 
Several  local  clubs  have  long  availed  them- 
selves of  its  facilities,  but  a  rather  new  de- 
parture has  been  inaugurated  by  a  club  in  one 
of  the  towns  on  Long  Island  about  40  miles 
from  Brooklyn.  In  this  case,  and  in  consider- 
ation of  a  given  number  of  subscribers  at  $5  a 
year,  the  library  engages  to  pay  for  the  weekly 
delivery  and  return  of  a  package  of  books  se- 
lected from  lists  furnished  by  the  members  of 
the  club.  This  plan  has  been  found  quite  sat- 
isfactory, and,  it  is  thought,  will  lead  to  the 
establishment  of  other  out-of-town  deliveries 
in  like  manner. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L.  A 
new  department  has  been  opened  in  the  Pratt 
Institute  Free  Library  —  the  department  of  Art 
reference.  It  has  been  placed  in  charge  of 
Miss  Laura  Palmer,  formerly  of  the  Fine  Arts 
Department  of  the  Institute,  who  is  thoroughly 
equipped  for  the  work  by  study  and  travel. 

Brooklyn  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  A.  On  Nov.  30  a 
committee  of  the  association  presented  a  peti- 
tion to  the  board  of  aldermen,  reciting  the 
need  of  a  public  library  in  the  city  and  the  pro- 
visions of  the  law  of  1892  looking  toward  its 
establishment,  asking  that  directors  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  mayor  in  accordance  with  that 
law,  and  submitting  the  following  resolution 
for  approval  :  "  Resolved,  That  this  common 
council  does  hereby  determine  that  a  public 
library  and  reading-room  shall  he  established 
and  maintained  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  under 
the  provisions  of  chapter  441  of  the  laws  of 
1892  of  the  state  of  New  York."  The  resolu- 
tion was  adopted,  and  on  Dec.  8  was  signed  by 
the  mayor.  On  the  same  date  a  delegation 
from  the  association  visited  the  mayor,  ex- 
plained the  objects  of  their  body,  and  urged  him 
to  appoint  the  nine  directors  provided  for  by 
the  law  of  1892.  The  rpayor  expressed  his 
willingness  to  accede  to  the  request  made. 
The  efforts  of  the  association  to  awaken  public 
interest  in  the  librarv  matter  culminated  in  an 
evening  meeting  at  the  Academy  of  Music  on 
Tan.  14.  following  the  all-day  session  of  the 
N.  Y.  Library  Association  and  the  N.  Y.  Libra- 
ry Club.  (See  p.  18.) 


Buffalo  (IV.  y.)  L.  On  Dec.  i  a  bust  of 
Robert  Burns,  presented  to  the  library  by  the 
St.  Andrew's  Scottish  Society,  was  unveiled 
with  interesting  ceremonies.  For  a  few  days 
previous  to  and  succeeding  the  unveiling  the 
fine  collection  of  Burns  mss.,  owned  by  Robert 
B.  Adams,  of  Buffalo,  was  on  exhibition  at  the 
library. 

Butte(Mont.)  P.  L.  The  figures  showing  the 
use  of  the  library  for  the  year  ending  Dec',  i, 
1896,  are  as  follows:  Issued,  home  use  67,465; 
lib.  use  44,946;  attendance  in  ref.  dept.  14,499. 
Nearly  2000  v.  were  added  during  the  year, 
and  the  total  number  of  v.  in  the  library  is 
now  given  as  20,572. 

Mr.  Davies,  the  librarian,  has  been  untiring 
in  his  efforts  to  increase  the  use  of  the  library 
and  make  it  generally  known,  and  his  endeav- 
ors have  proved  successful.  He  contributed 
interesting  articles  on  the  growth  and  facilities 
of  the  library  to  the  various  holiday  editions 
of  the  Butte  papers,  and  he  furnishes  regular 
weekly  library  articles  to  the  two  local  morn- 
ing papers.  The  success  of  this  method  of  li- 
brary advertising  may  be  estimated  from  the 
statistics  showing  the  popular  use  of  the  li- 
brary. 

The  library  issues  monthly  typewritten  lists 
of  accessions  at  10  cents  a  copy. 

Cam  Jen  (Me.}  F.  P.  L.  The  library  was 
opened  to  the  public  Dec.  i.  It  is  the  result  of 
the  appropriation  of  $1500  voted  for  the  pur- 
pose at  the  annual  election  in  the  spring  of 
1896,  which  through  public  subscription  was 
later  raised  to  $2500.  The  library  opens  with 
about  1700  v.,  and  a  good  selection  of  mag- 
azines and  newspapers.  It  occupies  two  light 
and  attractively  fitted  rooms  in  a  business 
block.  Miss  Katharine  W.  Harding  is  libra- 
rian. 

Canaitota  (A.  Y.)  F.  L.  The  library  was 
opened  on  Dec.  4,  and  has  been  open  regularly 
on  week-day  afternoons  since  that  time.  It  is 
hoped  that  a  reading-room  will  soon  be  estab- 
lished in  connection  with  it. 

Chicago  Hist.  Soe.  L.  The  new  building  of 
the  society  at  142  Dearborn  street  was  formally 
opened  on  the  evening  of  Tuesday,  Dec.  15. 

Chicago,  John  Crerar  L.  The  library  will  be 
opened  to  the  public  in  its  temporary  quarters 
on  the  sixth  floor  of  the  Marshall  Field  &  Co. 
building  about  Feb.  r.  The  cataloging  is  pro- 
gressing rapidly,  and  the  public  reading-room 
is  now  nearly  ready  for  use.  There  will  be  ap- 
propriate exercises  when  the  library  is  opened. 

Chicago  P.  L.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Public 
Library  board,  Nov.  28,  a  petition  was  received, 
signed  by  over  3000  citizens  of  Bohemian  ex- 
traction, asking  the  board  to  purchase  1000 
volumes  of  books  by  Bohemian  authors.  The 
board  appropriated  $250  for  the  purchase  of 
several  hundred  volumrs. 

Columbus,  0.  On  Dec.  10  a  library  council 
was  formed  for  the  purpose  of  formulating 
a  plan  of  organization  and  a  system  of  co- 
operation, particularly  on  the  part  of  the  pub- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


\January,  '97 


lie  libraries  and  the  public  schools;  it  is 
composed  of  all  who  are  officially  connected 
with  libraries  in  the  city,  and  shall  act  through 
an  executive  committee  consisting  of  the  libra- 
rians of  the  different  libraries.  There  are  three 
libraries  in  Columbus  —  the  Public  Library,  the 
Public  School  Library,  and  the  State  Library  — 
and  while  the  council  does  not  aim  toward  con- 
solidation, it  is  expected  that  it  will  aid  in  pro- 
moting co-operation  and  mutual  helpfulness 
among  them. 

Columbus  (0.)  P.  S.  L.  Librarian  Hensel 
inaugurated  on  Dec.  17,  for  experimental  pur- 
poses, a  travelling  library  among  the  outlying 
school  buildings,  similar  in  character,  though 
less  expensive,  to  that  conducted  by  the  state 
library.  The  purpose  is  to  make  the  volumes 
in  the  library  available  to  the  poorer  children 
who  live  too  far  away  to  walk  to  the  library 
and  are  unable  to  pay  street-car  fare  to  and 
from  their  homes  to  obtain  the  books. 

Des  Afoines  (la.)  P.  L.  The  trustees  held  a 
meeting  on  Dec.  10,  and  agreed  to  dismiss  the 
mandamus  case  brought  against  the  city  coun- 
cil, upon  condition  that  the  injunction  suit 
against  the  library  be  abandoned,  and  that 
they  be  allowed  to  collect  the  remaining  half  of 
the  levy  for  last  year,  and  the  council  consent 
to  levy  a  tax  of  two  mills  for  the  current  year, 
one  mill  being  for  maintenance  and  one  for 
building. 

Detroit  (Mich.')  P.  L.  On  Dec.  3  the  library 
board  voted  to  expend  f  100  for  the  purchase 
of  books  for  the  blind.  The  matter  was 
placed  in  charge  of  Dr.  C.  Henri  Leonard,  who 
selected  the  following  40  books,  which  will 
cost  exactly  the  sum  allowed  :  "  Friends  in 
feathers  and  furs,"  2  v.;  "The  song  of  Hia- 
watha," 2  v.;  "Miscellaneous  poems,"  3  v.; 
"American  history,"  Montgomery,  3  v.; 
"  Swinton's  Readings  in  nature's  book,"  2  v. ; 
"  Easy  steps  for  little  feet,"  Swinton  and  Cath- 
cart,  2  v.;  "Courtship  of  Miles  Standish," 
"  Evangeline,"  "The  prisoner  of  Chillon," 
"  The  vision  of  Sir  Launfal,"  "  The  legend  of 
Sleepy  Hollow,"  "  The  prince  and  the  pauper," 
2v.;  "  Tanglewood  tales,"  2  v. ;  "  The  rape  of 
the  lock,"  "  Motley's  Dutch  Republics,"  "  As 
you  like  it,"  Select  poems,  by  Whittier, 
Longfellow,  Lowell,  and  Bryant,  4  v.;  "Eng- 
lish history,"  Montgomery,  3  v. ;  "  Merchant  of 
Venice";  "Snow-bound";  "  The  war  of  inde- 
pendence," Fiske;  "  Washington  and  the  spy"; 
"  Sindbad  the  sailor";  "  Ali  Baba  and  Alad- 
din"; "Jack  and  the  beanstalk,  and  other 
stories";  "  Birds'  Christmas  Carol";  "Freder- 
ick the  Great  and  his  times  ";  "A  Christmas 
carol,"  Dickens;  "Five  little  fairy-tales"; 
"Nature's  myths  and  stories";  "  Life  in  the 
sea";  "Hamlet";  "Outlines  of  the  world's 
history,"  5  v. ;  "Constitution  of  the  United 
States";  "Much  ado  about  nothing";  "Mid- 
summer night's  dream";  "The  discovery  of 
America";  "  Bits  of  bird  life";  "Sketches  of 
the  Orient";  "Hero-tales  from  our  history," 
2  v.;  "The  conspiracy  of  Pontiac."  The 
library  had  previously  received  a  gift  of  30 


books  for  the  blind  from  a  resident  of  Detroit, 
whose  name  was  not  made  public.  All  of  these 
books  are  in  modified  Braille. 

An  examination  of  the  use  of  the  foreign 
books  in  the  library  has  shown  an  average  cir- 
culation of  77$  among  the  German  books,  34$ 
among  the  French  books,  and  138  %  among 
the  Polish  books.  In  this  latter  division  the 
library  possesses  about  800  v.,  which  have 
been  circulated  842  times  for  home  use  and 
266  times  for  reference  use  during  the  past 
three  months.  The  extraordinarily  high  ratio 
of  withdrawals  in  the  Polish  department  will 
probably  lead  to  its  enlargement. 

Evanston,  III,  A  meeting  to  consider  the  re- 
lation between  the  free  public  library  and  the 
public  school  was  held  on  Dec.  4  at  the  high- 
school  building.  It  was  attended  by  the  100 
school-teachers  belonging  to  the  first,  second, 
and  third  school  districts,  members  of  the 
school  boards  and  library  board,  and  others  in- 
terested in  educational  work.  The  first  address 
was  made  by  Superintendent  F.  W.  Nichols,  of 
the  second  district,  who  told  of  the  benefits  in 
Evanston  of  the  free  circulation  of  public  libra- 
ry books  among  the  public  school  children,  in 
which  the  school  has  been  used  as  a  sub-libra- 
ry. The  teachers  are  beginning  by  this  system 
to  direct  the  reading  of  their  pupils.  Miss  L. 
E.  Stearns,  of  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library, 
discussed  the  value  of  the  utmost  co-operation 
between  the  library  and  the  schools.  She  said 
that  the  teachers  of  Milwaukee  ha,d  distributed 
during  the  year  68,000  volumes  among  their 
pupils.  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  secretary  of  the 
library  section  of  the  National  Educational 
Association,  also  spoke.  She  called  attention 
to  the  kind  of  literature  offered  in  school-read- 
ing and  the  opening  up  of  possibilities  of  getting 
pupils  to  read  outside  because  of  tastes  for 
reading  formed  in  the  school-room.  President 
J.  W.  Thompson,  of  the  Evanston  library 
board,  was  chairman  of  the  meeting,  and  made 
a  few  remarks  at  the  beginning  of  the  session. 

Fishkill  Landing,  N.  Y.  Hoivland  L.  (Rpt.) 
Added  245;  total  6314.  Issued  6141  (fict.  5510). 
Receipts  $476.81;  expenses  $338.46.  There  are 
120  subscribers  and  48  stockholders. 

Frederick,  Md.  Ariz  L.  The  will  of  Mrs. 
Ann  Graham  Ross,  of  Frederick,  has  recently 
been  filed  for  probate  in  the  Orphans'  Court  of 
that  city.  Her  grandfather,  Thomas  Johnson, 
was  the  first  governor  of  Maryland,  and  his 
portrait  and  a  number  of  autograph  letters  of 
George  Washington,  John  Jay,  and  others,  ad- 
dressed to  him  were  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Ross, 
and  are  now  bequeathed  by  her.  The  various 
articles  are  to  be  deposited  for  safe  keeping 
with  the  Maryland  Historical  Society  until  the 
establishment  of  the  Christian  Burr  Artz  Li- 
brary in  Frederick. 

Since  the  Artz  Library  has  never  been  men- 
tioned in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  a  brief  sketch 
of  it  may  be  in  order.  The  wife  of  C.  B.  Artz 
was  Mrs.  Margaret  C.  Artz,  who  was  a  Miss 
Thomas,  of  Frederick.  Mrs.  Artz  died  in  Chi- 
cago, March  27,  1887,  many  years  after  the 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


47 


death  of  her  husband.  They  had  but  one 
child,  Miss  Victorienne  Thomas  Artz.  Mrs. 
Artz  in  her  will  gave  the  daughter  $25,000,  ab- 
solutely, and  the  income,  during  life,  of  the  bal- 
ance of  the  estate,  which  was  placed  in  trust. 
Should  the  daughter  have  issue  the  estate 
should  go  to  her  heirs,  otherwise  the  library  in 
Frederick  should  be  established  as  mentioned 
above.  Mrs.  Artz  named  the  three  trustees 
who  are  to  receive  the  library  upon  the  death 
of  the  daughter.  Vacancies  in  the  board  of 
trustees  are  to  be  filled  by  the  board  of  alder- 
men of  Frederick,  with  the  provision  that  two 
members  of  said  board  shall  be  members  of  the 
German  Reformed  Church,  in  good  and  regular 
standing,  and  the  other  member  shall  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Episcopalian  church.  The  estate  is 
now  estimated,  in  round  numbers,  at  about 
$150,000.  Miss  V.  T.  Artz,  on  whose  death  de- 
pends th»  establishment  of  the  Frederick  Li- 
brary, is  the  lady  who  recently  gave  f  10,000 
to  the  Boston  Public  Library  for  the  Longfellow 
Memorial  Library. 

Hamburg  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  The  library  was 
opened  on  Dec.  18,  with  interesting  exercises 
conducted  by  the  leading  women's  clubs  of 
Hamburg  and  Buffalo. 

Hempstead (L.  I.)  Circulating  L.  A.  (8th  rpt.) 
Added  555  ;  total  2155.  Receipts  $322.90;  ex- 
penses $224.60. 

Homestead,  Pa.  The  contract  for  the  new 
library,  music-hall,  and  club-house  building, 
presented  by  Andrew  Carnegie  to  the  citizens 
of  Homestead,  was  awarded  on  Nov.  24  to 
William  Miller  &  Sons,  of  Pittsburg,  for 
$250,000.  It  is  expected  to  have  the  building 
ready  for  dedication  next  June.  The  structure 
was  designed  by  Alden  &  Harlow,  and  will 
have  a  frontage  of  226  feet,  with  a  depth  of  98 
feet.  The  style  is  French  Renaissance.  It  will 
be  three  stories  high,  and  will  be  built  of  stone, 
Pompeiian  brick  and  terra-cotta,  with  a  high 
pitched  tile  roof.  The  interior  will  be  finished 
in  ornamental  stucco  work  and  quartered  oak. 
Aside  from  the  library  proper,  the  principal 
feature  of  the  new  structure  will  be  the  club- 
room,  gymnasium,  and  swimming-pool.  The 
club-house  will  occupy  the  right  of  the  build- 
ing. 

Houston,  Tex.  Library  day.  Nov.  25  was 
Library  day  in  the  schools  of  Houston,  and 
contributions  of  books  and  money  were  gener- 
ally received  for  the  school  libraries.  The 
Thanksgiving  day  exercises  were  combined 
with  addresses  and  recitations  on  the  value  of 
books. 

Hutckinson,  Kan.  The  local  Woman's  Club 
has  been  so  far  successful  in  its  efforts  to  es- 
tablish a  free  public  library  that  quarters  have 
been  secured  in  one  of  the  business  blocks,  and 
are  now  being  altered  and  fitted  up  for  library 
purposes.  The  library  will  be  opened  within 
a  short  time,  and  will  be  wholly  free  the  public. 

Illinois  College,  Jacksonville,  III.  The  corner- 
stone of  the  Jones  Memorial  Library,  recently 


given  to  Illinois  College  by  Dr.  H.  K.  Jones, 
was  laid  on  Nov.  n. 

Jamestown,  N.  Y.  Prendergast  F.  L.  On 
Thursday,  Dec.  3,  the  fifth  anniversary  of  the 
opening  of  the  library  was  observed  as  Found- 
er's day,  with  interesting  exercises.  It  was  the 
first  celebration  of  the  kind,  and  was  largely 
attended.  Among  the  speakers  were  W:  R. 
Eastman,  of  the  state  library,  and  J.  N. 
Larned,  of  the  Buffalo  Library. 

Massapequa,  L.  I.  Floyd-Jones  L.  The  li- 
brary given  to  Massapequa  by  Col.  De  Lancey 
Floyd-Jones  was  opened  Oct.  29.  The  build- 
ing is  a  modest  structure,  with  a  frontage  of 
about  20  feet,  and  a  depth,  including  its  piazza, 
of  30  feet.  The  roof  is  what  is  usually  called 
a  hip-roof,  projecting  over  the  piazza,  and  sup- 
ported by  four  neat  columns.  The  interior 
walls  and  ceiling  are  of  North  Carolina  pine, 
varnished.  The  room  contains  a  handsome 
fireplace  mantel  and  a  few  pictures.  The 
shelving  will  hold  about  2500  volumes.  The 
room  is  lighted  by  four  Gothic  windows,  two 
on  either  side,  and  a  smaller  window  in  front, 
all  with  translucent  glass.  The  library  is 
chartered  in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  and  is 
directed  by  a  board  of  nine  trustees. 

Michigan,  lid.  commission  for.  A  bill  provid- 
ing for  the  establishment  of  a  Michigan  free  li- 
brary commission  is  to  be  introduced  into  the 
next  legislature  by  Representative-elect  John 
Atkinson,  of  Detroit.  It  was  drawn  under 
the  supervision  of  Mr.  Utley,  of  the  Detroit 
Public  Library,  with  the  co-operation  of  the 
state  library  association. 

Michigan  State  L.,  Lansing.  (Biennial  rpt. — 
two  years  ending  June  30,  '96.)  Added  9388  ; 
books  for  travelling  libs.  2000;  total  not  given. 
46,300  books  and  pm.  have  been  received  from 
the  state  for  distribution  and  exchange. 

A  considerable  portion  of  the  report  is  de- 
voted to  the  travelling  libraries  system  inaugu- 
rated under  the  law  of  1895.  "The  object  of 
the  law  was  to  bring  the  library  into  closer  and 
more  sympathetic  touch  with  the  people  of  the 
state,  and  to  remove  from  the  public  mind  the 
idea  that  the  taxpayers  of  the  state  were  de- 
barred from  the  privileges  of  an  institution  to 
the  support  of  which  they  were  contributing. 
With  this  in  view,  the  '  associate' and  'trav- 
elling library  '  systems  were  embodied  in  the 
law,  and  it  is  a  pleasure  to  state  that  both  of 
these  new  departures  in  library  work  have 
been  in  every  way  successful."  Under  the  act 
of  1895  10  libraries  have  become  associates  of 
the  state  library  and  35  users  of  associate  li- 
braries have  obtained  books  from  the  state  li- 
brary ;  "in  no  case  has  the  privilege  been 
abused,  and  the  results  have  been  most  satis- 
factory." Travelling  libraries  of  50  v.  each 
have  been  established  and  have  been  sent  to  43 
towns  or  associations,  44  such  libraries  have 
been  kept  in  circulation,  and  the  statistics  of 
their  use  present  a  gratifying  showing  ;  in  ad- 
dition to  these,  special  collections  have  been 


48 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


{January,  '97 


sent  to  five  study  clubs.  The  total  circulation 
of  the  books  from  May,  1895,  to  June  30,  1896, 
was  7473;  no.  readers  1483. 

The  appendix  includes  a  classed  list  of  addi- 
tions to  the  library  for  the  period,  reports  of 
the  associate  libraries,  and  an  index  to  the  Jen- 
nison  collection. 

Middletown,  Ct.  Berkeley  Divinity  School, 
Williams  L.  The  fine  library  building,  erected 
as  a  memorial  to  Bishop  Williams,  of  the  Ber- 
keley Divinity  School,  was  on  Nov.  18  formal- 
ly transferred  to  the  school  authorities,  with 
appropriate  exercises.  The  building,  which 
cost  $20,000,  was  erected  by  the  church  people 
of  the  diocese  as  a  testimonial  to  Bishop  Will- 
iams's  work  in  Connecticut. 

Minnesota,  lib.  commission  for.  A  bill  pro- 
viding for  th,e  establishment  of  a  library  com- 
mission and  authorizing  the  maintenance  of 
travelling  libraries  will  be  presented  to  the 
legislature  at  the  winter  session.  A  similar 
bill  was  introduced  last  year,  but  failed.  This 
year  the  bill  will  be  introduced  early  and  will 
be  vigorously  pushed  ;  it  has  had  the  earnest 
support  and  indorsement  of  the  state  library 
association  and  of  the  state  federation  of 
women's  club.s. 

New  Brunswick (IV.  _/.)  F.  L.  The  reference- 
room  has  recently  been  refitted,  with  shelving, 
handsome  tables  and  chairs,  by  one  of  the  trus- 
tees, whose  gift  was  made  anonymously  ;  it  is 
now  the  most  attractive  room  in  the  library. 

New  Hampshire  State  L. ,  'Concord.  At  a  re- 
cent meeting  of  the  governor  and  council  of 
New  Hampshire,  William  D.  Chandler  was  ap- 
pointed a  trustee  of  the  state  library,  vice 
Frank  S.  Streeter,  term  expired. 

New  Orleans,  La.  Fisk  F.  and  P.  L.  On 
Dec.  7  Mr.  William  Beer,  of  the  Howard  Memo- 
rial Library,  was  elected  librarian  of  the  new 
library,  which  it  is  expected  will  be  opened  to 
the  public  some  time  in  January.  Mrs.  Culbert- 
son,  the  former  librarian  of  the  City  Library, 
was  made  assistant  librarian,  and  three  assist- 
ants were  appointed.  The  library  rooms  are 
now  being  adequately  fitted  up,  and  the  work 
of  arranging,  cataloging,  and  adding  to  the 
books,  which  form  the  nucleus  of  the  collec- 
tion, is  being  rapidly  prosecuted. 

New  York,  city  lib.  appropriation.  The  fol- 
lowing appropriations  for  the  city  libraries 
were  made  by  the  board  of  estimate  and  ap- 
propriation for  the  new  year :  N.  Y.  Free 
Circulating  Library,  $50,000,  an  increase  of 
ti5vooo  over  the  previous  year  ;  Aguilar  Li- 
brary. $ 20.000,  an  increase  of  $6000  :  Webster 
Free  Library  $3<;ob,  an  increase  of  $500  ;  Me- 
chanics and  Tradesmen's  Librarv,  $15,000,  an 
increase  of  $3000 ;  Cathedral  Free  Library, 
$35"O^;  Universitv  Settlement  Library,  $2000  ; 
Washington  Heights  Library.  $2000;  Riverside 
Library,  $ 750;  Maimonides  Library,  $750  ;  and 
St.  Agnes  Librarv,  $100. 

New  York,  Gen.  Soc.  of  Mechanics  and  Trades- 
men. At  the  December  meeting  the  new  li- 


brary site  recently  purchased  through  the 
president  of  the  society,  at  48th  street  and  7th 
avenue,  was  accepted.  As  the  leases  on  the 
property  bought  do  not  expire  for  some  time, 
the  new  library  building  will  not  be  com- 
menced, perhaps,  within  the  year. 

New  York  P.  L. — Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
Foundations.  A  fine  collection  of  works  of  art, 
given  to  the  Astor  Library  in  1890  by  W.  W. 
Astor,  and  taken  from  the  collection  of  John 
Jacob  Astor,  was  recently  placed  on  exhibition 
at  the  Lenox  Library.  It  includes  Gilbert 
Stuart's  portrait  of  Washington,  Ceracchi's  bust 
of  Alexander  Hamilton,  paintings  by  Meisso- 
nier,  Lefebvre,  Robert  Fleury,  and  others,  and 
some  fine  bronzes. 

New  York  State  L.,  Albany,  Two  of  the 
rooms  occupied  by  the  state  library  have  been 
taken  by  the  senate  committee  on  finance  for 
permanent  use,  in  spite  of  protests  made  by 
the  regents  and  Mr.  Dewey  at  a  conference  on 
the  subject  held  Nov.  23.  The  library,  how- 
ever, may  resume  occupation  of  the  rooms  in 
May,  and  continue  it  until  the  legislature  re- 
assembles in  January.  The  affair  has  been 
made  the  basis  of  an  argument  of  the  need  of 
a  building  for  the  individual  use  of  the  state 
library. 

Newark  (N.  J.}  P.  L.  It  was  decided  by  the 
trustees,  at  a  meeting  on  Nov.  7,  to  engage 
Prof.  A.  D.  F.  Hamlin,  professor  of  architect- 
ure at  Columbia  University,  as  advisory  archi- 
tect of  the  proposed  new  library  building. 
Prof.  Hamlin's  work  will  begin  at  once  and 
continue  until  the  specifications  for  the  new 
building  have  been  made.  He  will  suggest  the 
general  features  on  which  the  architects  who 
will  compete  will  be  asked  to  base  their  plans. 
Already  a  number  of  prominent  architects  have 
asked  to  be  notified  when  plans  are  to  be  sub- 
mitted. The  board  has  also  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  decide  upon  a  desirable  site  for  the 
new  building. 

The  annual  exhibition  of  art  works  was  held 
at  the  library  on  Nov.  18. 

Newark,  N.  Y.  At  a  meeting  of  the  village 
trustees  on  Nov.  30  it  was  voted  to  establish  a 
free  public  library,  in  accordance  with  the  laws 
of  1892.  10  trustees  were  elected  and  a  libra- 
ry organization  effected,  and  the  library  will 
probably  be  an  established  fact  within  a  short 
time. 

Newbu+yport  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.)  Added 
883;  total  31,731.  Issued,  home  use  38,561  (fict. 
and  juv.  74.22$).  New  registration  540  ;  total 
cardholders  5916. 

The  work  of  classifying  and  cataloging  was 
begun  May  i,  1896,  and  by  September  all  the 
works  of  fiction  as  well  as  those  on  New  Eng- 
land history  and  genealogy  had  been  arranged 
and  the  cards  exposed  for  the  use  of  the  pub- 
lic. Since  these  departments  were  completed 
the  work  of  classifying  all  the  books  before 
any  further  cataloging  was  attempted  has  been 
taken  up,  and  7033  volumes  have  received  clas- 
sification. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


49 


Ogdensburg  (AT.  Y.)  P.  L.  A  loan  exhibition 
of  curious  and  interesting  relics  was  held  in  the 
library  building  on  Nov.  25  and  successive  days, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  local  chapter  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution.  Its 
object  was  to  secure  funds  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  deparment  of  American  industry, 
which  the  chapter  expects  to  provide  for  the  li- 
brary. 

O-watonna,  Minn.  The  city  council  on  Dec.  16 
appointed  a  board  of  nine  trustees  to  assume 
charge  of  the  $10,000  recently  left  to  the  city  by 
Mrs.  E.  V.  Hunewill,  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
viding and  maintaining  a  public  library  and 
reading-room.  The  provisions  of  the  will  make 
it  necessary  for  the  city  to  provide  $15,000,  to 
be  used  with  the  amount  named,  and  as  this 
has  not  yet  been  provided,  it  becomes  neces- 
sary for  a  board  of  trustees  to  be  elected  to  re- 
ceive the  bequest  and  take  steps  to  provide 
the  $15,000.  It  will  probably  be  two  years  be- 
fore the  project  will  be  perfected. 

Pelham  (N.  H.}  P.  L.  The  new  library  build- 
ing was  dedicated  on  Dec.  2,  with  elaborate  ex- 
ercises, the  day  being  generally  observed  as  a 
holiday  by  the  townspeople.  There  was  a 
large  attendance  of  invited  guests,  among  them 
a  special  representation  of  G.  A.  R.  men.  The 
exercises  were  opened  in  the  memorial-room  of 
the  building,  where  addresses  were  made  by 
C.  W.  Hobbs,  chairman  of  the  building  com- 
mittee, and  C.  W.  Seavey,  chairman  of  the 
selectmen.  The  audience  then  adjourned  to 
the  church,  where  there  was  prayer,  singing, 
and  speeches  by  F.  H.  Butler,  of  the  G.  A.  R., 
-  Rev.  Augustus  Berry,  G.  C.  Gilman,  of  the 
state  library  commission,  and  others. 

The  building  was  erected  by  popular  vote  at 
the  town  election  of  April,  1895,  and  it  is  a  li- 
brary and  memorial  building  combined,  one 
room  in  the  structure,  known  as  the  memorial- 
room,  being  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  all  the 
soldiers  who  went  from  Pelham  to  the  Ameri- 
can wars.  The  library  building  is  located  in 
one  of  the  most  conspicuous  situations  in  the 
town,  near  the  church.  It  is  a  modest  struct- 
ure, of  tasteful  design,  of  brick,  with  the  front 
entrance  in  the  centre,  and  reached  by  neat 
steps  of  cut  granite.  On  entering  the  vestibule 
directly  to  the  right  is  the  room  for  the  use  of 
the  town  officers.  Passing  through  the  vesti- 
bule the  delivery-room  is  reached.  On  the  left 
is  the  memorial-room,  which  runs  the  entire 
depth  of  the  building,  and  is  lighted  on  three 
sides.  The  walls  and  ceilings  are  frescoed, 
and  the  floor,  as  are  all  the  floors  in  the  build- 
ing, is  of  hard  wood.  A  feature  of  the  room  is 
the  collection  of  marble  tablets  on  the  walls, 
containing  in  gilt  the  names  of  all  residents  of 
the  town  who  have  served  in  the  wars  from 
Queen  Anne's  time  until  the  rebellion.  The 
stack-room  is  provided  with  shelves  capable  of 
holding  all  the  books  the  library  will  receive 
for  many  years. 

Pennsylvania,  libraries  in.  The  report  of  the 
state  superintendent  of  instruction  gives  a  brief 
review  of  the  libraries  of  the  state.  There  has 


been  considerable  progress  in  the  establishment 
of  school  libraries.  "  One  county  superintend- 
ent reports  that  there  are  now  in  his  county, 
outside  of  the  large  and  populous  districts,  173 
libraries,  containing  about  11,000  volumes.  All 
except  eight  of  these  libraries  were  established 
within  the  last  12  years."  The  Carnegie  libra- 
ries, the  Scranton,  Wilkesbarre,  Warren,  and 
Cambria  libraries  are  briefly  noted. 

Perth  Amboy  (N.  /.)  F.  L.  The  library  was 
opened  as  a  free  public  library  on  Nov.  i.  It 
had  previously  been  conducted  as  a  subscrip- 
tion library,  and  the  change  was  effected  by 
popular  vote  at  last  year's  fall  election.  It 
contains  about  4000  v. 

Philadelphia  F.  L.  The  first  exhibition  of 
the  season  opened  at  the  library  on  Nov.  19, 
and  consisted  of  a  number  of  valuable  and 
curious  art  works.  Among  them  were  plates 
from  the  "  Zapotican  collection,"  the  "  Antiqui- 
ties of  the  Russian  Empire,"  and  some  curious 
and  rare  old  books  and  fac-similes. 

On  Dec.  23  an  interesting  collection  of  books 
and  memorials  relating  to  Napoleon  were'  put 
on  exhibition  in  the  library.  It  was  largely 
made  up  of  the  comprehensive  and  valuable 
collection  of  Mr.  W.  J.  Latta,  of  Philadelphia, 
and  included  rare  autographs  and  portraits,  in 
addition  to  many  contemporary  books,  manu- 
scripts, caricatures,  etc. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Carnegie  L.  Dec.  15  was 
"city  day  "  at  the  library,  when  all  the  mem- 
bers of  the  council,  heads  of  departments, 
clerks,  and  their  friends  were  invited  by  the 
officers  of  the  institution  to  visit  the  different 
departments  during  the  afternoon.  The  ma- 
jority accepted  the  invitation  and  seemed  to 
enjoy  the  innovation. 

Plainfield  (N .  J.}  P.  L.  On  Jan.  I  the  issue 
of  books  through  sub-stations  went  into  effect. 
Two  branch  stations  have  been  secured  for  the 
more  out-of-the-way  districts  of  the  city,  and 
deliveries  will  be  made  from  one  three  times  a 
week,  from  the  other  once  a  week. 

Port  Huron  (Mich.}  P.  L.  It  is  intended  to 
have  during  the  winter  a  series  of  lectures  or 
talks  in  the  public  library  upon  questions  con- 
nected with  books  and  reading.  Mrs.  M.  C. 
Spencer,  state  librarian,  will  probably  be  one 
of  the  speakers  and  will  discuss  "Travelling 
libraries  "  or  "  Study  clubs." 

Quincy  (III.)  P.  L.  At  a  recent  meeting  of 
the  library  board  the  need  of  a  catalog  of  chil- 
dren's books  was  presented  by  Mr.  Moulton, 
and  it  was  decided  that  the  manuscript  of  such 
a  catalog  be  prepared  and  submitted  to  the 
board  for  further  consideration. 

Ridley  Park,  Pa.  The  newly-arranged  and 
refitted  library  will  shortly  be  opened  in  the 
tower-room  of  the  public  school.  A  number 
of  new  books  have  been  added,  and  the  library 
has  been  put  in  excellent  working  order. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  Reynolds  L.  (iithrpt.  — 
year  ending  Sept.  30,  '96.)  Added  2214;  total 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


[January,  '97 


33,451.  Issued,  home  use  19,021;  ref.  use  7105; 
attendance  98,001. 

During  the  year  the  library  was  removed  to 
new  quarters  on  Spring  street,  a  reading-room 
being  maintained  in  the  old  rooms  in  the  Ar- 
cade building.  The  library  committee  suggest 
the  experiment  of  a  course  of  lectures  "to 
bring  the  library  into  sympathetic  and  bene- 
ficial relation  with  the  reading  public." 

Rome,  N.  Y.  Jervis  L.  (2d  rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing Dec.  i,  '96.)  Added  1178;  total  11,046.  Is- 
sued 42,151  (net.  71.5  %).  New  registration 
1079;  total  card-holders  2680.  Receipts  $4623. 29; 
expenses  $4598.21. 

Miss  Beach,  the  librarian,  urges  the  need  of 
a  children's  room,  and  speaks  of  the  difficulty 
of  providing  adequately  for  the  large  number 
of  children  who  use  the  library  in  constantly 
increasing  force.  More  books  are  also  needed. 
One  ho  ne  library  has  been  established  through 
the  generosity  of  a  library  friend,  and  is  now 
in  successful  use. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.  The  wedding  of  Miss 
Nellie  McCreary,  of  the  cataloging  department 
of  the  library,  was  celebrated  on  the  even- 
ing of  Nov.  28,  at  the  cattery  (known  to  unsci- 
entific minds  as  the  catalog-room),  where  a  cat- 
feast  was  given,  partly  in  sorrow,  partly  in 
honor  of  Miss  McCreary,  who  was  about  to 
desert  the  glorious  ranks  of  Catdom  and  be- 
come plain  Mrs.  J.  W.  De  Laughter.  At  five 
p.m.  sharp  the  chief  cat  had  given  the  signal, 

"  Come,  put  your  work  away, 
For  now's  the  time  for  play." 

And  promptly  accession-book,  shelf  lists,  and 
catalog  cards  vanished,  desks  were  closed  and 
typewriters  extinguished,  and  those  who  a 
few  minutes  before  were  dignified  and  indus- 
trious cats  had  suddenly  become  bustling  and 
important  housewives,  bent  upon  preparing  a 
feast  worthy  the  occasion.  For  once  order 
cards  were  of  less  importance  than  menu  cards, 
and  the  question  of  how  to  get  the  dear  little 
ice-cream  cats  out  of  the  moulds  without  injur- 
ing their  sweet  little  noses  was  of  more  interest 
than  the  nicest  question  of  classification  would 
have  been. 

By  seven  o'clock  the  room  had  been  changed 
to  a  real  banquet-hall,  the  table  spread  with 
fine  linen  and  dainty  china,  and  a  profusion  of 
flowers  everywhere.  12  covers  had  been  laid, 
each  being  marked  by  a  place  card  containing 
pictures  of  a  cat,  and  a  few  lines  of  verse  clev- 
erly adapted  to  fit  position  or  fad  of  the  indi- 
vidual. Mr.  Crunden's  card  represented  a  big 
black  cat  with  the  lines: 

"  Why  should  I  long  the  flock  to  keep 
Who  lost  my  heart  while  I  preserved  my  sheep  ?  " 

and  that  of  the  bride  to  be  —  the  deserting  cat 
—  an  owl  and  pussycat  in  a  pea-green  boat 
with 

•'  Oh,  lovely  pussy,  pussy,  my  love, 

Oh,  let  us  be  married,  too  long  we  have  tarried." 

These  were  the  work  of  an  office  cat  who 
purred  gratefully  under  the  praises  showered 
upon  her. 


Though  it  is  not  generally  known  that  the 
feline  tribe  aspire  to  mount  the  winged  Pegasus, 
yet  this  occasion  inspired  no  less  than  three 
poetical  mews  and  a  prose  chronicle  of  the 
origin  of  the  banquet.  Miss  McCreary  went  to 
her  southern  home  not  only  "  trailing  clouds  of 
glory"  but  also  good  wishes  and  amateur 
poetry.  Taken  as  a  class  the  cats  proved 
themselves  admirable  hostesses  and  "good 
providers,"  and  Mr.  Crunden's  amiable  wish 
that  the  banquet,  though  not  the  occasion,  be 
frequently  repealed,  is  echoed,  with  private 
reservations,  by  each  individual  cat. 

Salem  (0.)  P.  L.  The  library  now  contains 
1400  v.  In  the  short  time  it  has  been  open  the 
circulation  has  steadily  increased,  and  the  list 
of  stockholders  and  subscribers  now  numbers 
108.  It  is  open  on  Wednesday  and  Saturday 
afternoons. 

Seattle  (Wash.')  P.  L.  At  a  recent  council 
meeting  it  was  decided  to  allow  the  library  an 
additional  appropriation  of  $3000  for  the  new 
year.  This  will  give  it  an  income  of  about 
$11,000. 

Shreveport  (La.)  L.  A.  Added  228;  total  836. 
Issued  4712.  Receipts  $268.60;  expenses 
$174.02.  There  are  218  members. 

South  Norwalk  (Ct.)  P.  L.  An  exhibition  il- 
lustrating the  oyster  industry  and  the  natural 
history  of  the  bivalve  was  held  at  the  public 
library  early  in  December  and  proved  to  be  of 
general  public  interest.  It  consisted  of  the  col- 
lection of  David  C.  Sanford,  engineer  of  the 
State  Shellfish  Commission,  and  was  displayed 
in  a  series  of  cases  in  the  art-room.  Popular 
talks  on  oyster  culture  were  also  delivered  by 
Mr.  Sanford.  Shortly  after  the  exhibit  the  col- 
lection was  taken  by  Mr.  Sanford  to  Germany, 
where  the  government  is  trying  to  revive  the 
oyster  industry. 

Terre  Haute  (Ind. )  P.  L.  The  library  opened 
a  month  or  so  ago  in  its  new  and  attractive 
quarters,  formerly  the  property  of  the  Unita- 
rian church.  The  building  cost  originally 
$6000,  and  $3000  has  been  spent  in  alterations 
and  improvement;  it  is  not  intended  as  a  per- 
manent home,  but  to  serve  until  an  entirely 
new  building  can  be  erected. 

Washington,  D.  C.  At  a  meeting  of  the 
centre  council  of  the  Civic  Centre  on  Nov.  27, 
Miss  Clark,  from  the  committee  on  adult  edu- 
cation, reported  that  the  home  library  com- 
mittee had  started  the  plan  of  establishing 
home  libraries  in  those  sections  of  the  city 
remote  from  access  to  the  free  library.  One 
library  is  already  under  way,  and  it  is  hoped  to 
get  others  ready  in  a  short  time.  A  visitor 
from  the  central  committee  superintends  the 
distribution  of  the  books. 

Washington  (D.  C.}  P.  L.  The  district 
commissioners  have  presented  an  estimate  for 
an  appropriation  of  $8300  for  the  support  of 
the  library  in  compliance  with  the  law  passed 
in  May  last  (see  L.  j.,  21:298-299).  This  is 
the  first  estimate  made  for  the  purpose,  and  it 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


has  not  yet  received  congressional  sanction. 
The  amount  asked  for  seems  rather  inade- 
quate when  it  is  considered  that  the^library  is 
but  poorly  supplied  with  books,  nearly  all  of 
which  have  been  given  to  it,  and  that  its  field 
of  work  is  just  opening  and  should  have  hearty 
support. 

Wisconsin  State  Hist.  Soc.  L.t  Madison.  The 
44th  annual  meeting  of  the  society  was  held 
Dec.  10,  and  the  report  of  the  secretary,  R.  G. 
Thwaite,  was  presented.  The  accessions  of 
the  year  were  5247  books,  3755  pm.,  giving  a 
total  of  9002,  of  which  66$,  or  5817  were  gifts. 
"  The  fiscal  year  just  closed,  has  been  for  the 
society  a  season  of  quiet  progress.  Although 
seriously  hampered  for  funds,  the  accessions 
have,  in  most  departments,  been  customarily 
large;  public  interest  in  our  work  is  becoming 
more  manifest;  the  new  home  for  the  society, 
so  generously  provided  for  by  the  legislature  of 
1895,  is  in  course  of  construction,  and  bids  fair 
to  meet  our  most  sanguine  expectations;  and 
there  is  every  reason  to  hope  that  we  shall  be 
enabled  to  remove  our  collections  thither  about 
two  years  hence  —  perhaps  to  hold  our  46th 
annual  meeting  within  its  walls." 

Wisconsin  Travelling  Ls.  F.  A.  Hutchins,  of 
the  Wisconsin  Library  Commission,  contributed 
an  interesting  account  of  the  success  of  the 
travelling  libraries  established  by  Senator  Stout, 
of  that  state,  to  the  Milwaukee  Sentinel  of 
Sunday,  Dec.  13.  The  article  has  been  reprint- 
ed in  pamphlet  form  by  the  commission.  It  is 
a  striking  demonstration  of  the  good  that  has 
been  accomplished  by  these  libraries  in  the 
more  remote  rural  communities  of  the  state. 

FOREIGN. 

Belfast  (Irel.)  F.  P.  L.  (8th  rpt.)  Added, 
lending  1.  539;  total  17,123;  issued  183,145 
(fict.  66.22$) ;  no.  borrowers  6359.  Added,  ref. 
1.  209;  total  17,242;  issued  55,062;  no.  readers 
23,656.  The  visitors  to  the  news-room  are  es- 
timated at  1,108,083,  the  highest  ever  re- 
corded; the  art  gallery  and  museum  were 
visited  by  393,944  persons. 

Bradford(Eng.)P.f.Ls.  (26th  rpt.)  Added 
5693;  total  8r, 621.  Issued  595, 234 (fict.  478,250), 
of  which  76,697  were  used  in  the  ref.  1.  Visits 
954.835,  a  net  increase  of  25,687  over  the  pre- 
vious year  (includes  visits  to  art  gallery  and 
museum).  Total  borrowers  10,912.  These  sta- 
tistics are  for  the  central  circulating  and  refer- 
ence libraries  and  for  the  seven  branches. 

The  reference  collection  of  books  on  useful 
arts  has  been  cataloged  according  to  the  Dewey 
classification. 

Leipzig,  Germany,  Gustav  Fock,  of  Leipzig, 
announces  that  he  has  become  agent  for  the 
sale  of  two  important  private  libraries  —  that 
of  the  late  Prof,  von  Kekule,  of  the  University 
of  Bonn,  and  that  of  the  late  Prof.  Heinrich 
Brunn,  of  Munich.  The  Kekule  collection  is 
devoted  almost  wholly  to  science,  and  includes 
complete  sets  of  nearly  all  the  scientific  jour- 
nals, transactions,  etc.;  it  comprises  about 
18,000  volumes,  dissertations,  and  pamphlets 


most  of  which  are  bound,  and  is  rich  in  the 
alchemistic  works  of  earlier  centuries.  The 
collection  is  valued  at  32,000  marks.  The 
Brunn  library  is  a  valuable  collection  of  works 
relating  to  archaeology,  including  many  valua- 
ble serial  sets.  One  of  its  special  features  are 
the  136  volumes  in  which  are  gathered  the 
many  small  essays,  reports,  dissertations,  etc., 
which  afforded  Prof.  Brunn  much  of  his  working 
material.  The  collection  is  priced  at  14,000 
marks. 

Manchester  (Eng.)  P.  F.  Ls.  (44th  rpt.)  Add- 
ed 9055;  total  266,514  (ref.  1.  107,449).  Issued, 
iome  use  978,616  (fict.  798,004);  ref.  use  419, 949. 
No.  borrowers  49,987.  Visits  to  news-rooms 
4,289,574.  Sunday  use,  ref.  12,221;  news-room 
and  juv.  rooms  139,626.  The  library  "  plant  " 
includes,  besides  the  main  reference  library,  n 
lending  libraries  and  four  reading-rooms,  with 
which  the  15  news-rcoms  are  connected. 

"  The  most  notable  incident  in  the  history  of 
the  libraries  during  the  past  year  has  been  the 
decision  of  the  House  of  Lords  in  the  appeal 
of  your  committee  against  the  assessment  of 
the  libraries  to  income  tax.  This  important 
case  began  in  Oct.,  1893,  with  an  ineffectual 
appeal  to  the  Manchester  income  tax  commis- 
sioners. Further  appeals  were  dismissed  by 
the  queen's  bench  division  in  Nov.,  1894,  and 
by  the  court  of  appeal  in  Jan.,  iSgs/and  then 
your  committee  resolved  to  carry  the  case  to 
the  House  of  Lords,  which,  on  3ist  July,  1896, 
reversed,  with  costs,  the  judgments  of  the 
courts  below.  This  judgment  affects  not  only 
the  Manchester  public  libraries,  but  the  whole 
of  such  institutions  throughout  the  country, 
and  the  committee  have  received  warm  thanks 
for  their  action  from  several  corporations  and 
from  the  library  association.  The  committee 
acknowledged  with  gratitude  the  assistance  of 
23  library  authorities,  who  contributed  sums 
varying  from  .£5  to  ^"50  to  a  guarantee  fund  for 
the  expenses  of  the  last  appeal." 


(!5ifts  a  lib  IkqtKGts. 


Bangor  (Me.)  P.  L.  By  the  will  of  Augustus 
D.  Manson,  of  Bangor,  the  library  is  be- 
queathed $10,000  for  a  new  building. 

Boston  P.  L.  The  sum  of  $ro,ooo  has  been 
given  to  the  library  by  Miss  Victorienne  Thomas 
Artz,  of  Chicago,  for  the  establishment  of 
what  shall  be  known  as  the  Longfellow  me- 
morial collection,  to  consist  of  rare  editions  of 
verse  or  prose  by  American  or  foreign  authors; 
it  may  also  include  mss. 

Ford  City,  Pa.  On  Nov.  21,  Capt.  John  Ford, 
a  wealthy  manufacturer  and  founder  of  Ford 
City,  announced  that  he  intended  to  erect  a  li- 
brary and  opera-house  in  Ford  City  for  the  use 
of  the  public.  The  estimated  cost  of  the  build- 
ing will  be  about  $30,000,  and  the  giver  plans 
to  stock  the  library  with  about  25,000  v. 

Lin-wood,  O.  By  the  will  of  the  late  Miss 
Phoebe  Ferris,  of  Linwood,  that  town  is  be- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


{January,  '97 


queathed  the  large  "  Ferris  homestead  "  tract 
of  land,  on  which  is  a  fine  residence,  to  be  used 
for  the  purposes  of  a  free  public  library,  to  be 
called  "  The  Joseph  Ferris  Memorial  Library." 
The  exact  value  of  the  bequest  has  not  yet  been 
made  public. 

Paulina,  Iowa.  By  the  will  of  the  late  F. 
G.  Frothingham,  of  Boston,  the  town  of  Paulina 
receives  $1500  fora  public  library,  and  $500 for 
the  purchase  of  books,  provided  the  town  will 
furnish  a  site. 

Princeton  Univ.  L.  It  was  announced  on 
Dec.  14  that  Junius  S.  Morgan,  of  New  York 
City,  had  given  to  the  library  his  fine  collection 
of  early  editions  of  Virgil,  valued  at  about 
$50,000.  The  collection  will  be  placed  in  the 
library  as  soon  as  the  new  building  is  com- 
pleted. 

Stoughton,  Mass.  By  the  will  of  the  late 
Henry  L.  Pierce,  of  Boston,  the  town  of 
Stoughton  is  to  receive  $25,000  for  books  for  a 
free  public  library. 

Tilden  bequests.  On  Dec.  23  Judge  Beekman, 
of  the  Supreme  Court,  rendered  a  decision  in 
the  protracted  Tilden  will  case,  that  declares  in- 
valid the  clause  in  Mr.  Tilden's  will  providing 
for  the  establishment  of  free  libraries  at  New 
Lebanon  and  at  Yonkers.  The  decision  states 
that  "  No  time  is  specified  within  which  the 
trusts  are  to  be  executed,  and  the  law  is  well 
settled  that  in  the  case  of  a  charitable  trust 
such  a  limitation  is  indispensable  to  their 
validity.  These  attempted  dispositions  are 
therefore  void,  and  the  executors  and  trustees 
rest  under  no  duty  with  respect  to  them."  The 
fund  created  for  the  purpose  will  now  revert  to 
the  heirs. 

Practical  Notes. 


MENDING  BOOKS.  —  In  the  process  lectures  on 
bookbinding  delivered  before  the  Pratt  Insti- 
tute Library  School,  Miss  Evelyn  Nordhoff 
illustrated  practically  several  methods  of  mend- 
ing torn  or  perforated  pages.  In  rebinding, 
the  holes  made  in  the  fold  of  the  sheet  by  the 
stitches  or  saw-marks  of  the  former  binding 
were  so  repaired  as  to  be  almost  imperceptible. 
A  bit  of  paper,  as  nearly  as  possible  of  the 
same  texture  as  the  page,  was  split,  lightly 
touched  with  gum,  and  laid  over  the  hole. 
The  splitting  of  the  paper  made  it  almost  as 
light  as  tissue, 'while  it  left  a  rough  surface  to 
catch  and  hold  the  gum  much  more  satisfactor- 
ily than  does  the  tissue  usually  used.  An 
ordinary  tear  in  the  edge  of  a  page  was  mended 
by  tipping  the  torn  edges  lightly  with  gum, 
joining  them  together  and  pressing  them  be- 
tween separate  bits  of  paper  similar  in  texture. 
After  these  had  adhered  to  the  mended  page 
they  were  gently  torn  away,  leaving  a  suffi- 
cient film  behind  them  to  firmly  secure  to  the 
joined  edges.  A  page  from  the  edge  of  which 
a  piece  had  been  torn  out  required  a  little  differ- 
ent treatment.  If  it  were  possible  to  find  the 
missing  bit,  it  might  be  inserted  by  lightly  tip- 


ping the  edges  with  gum,  inserting  it  in  place 
and  pressing  the  pages  between  bits  of  paper, 
to  be  afterwards  pulled  gently  away;  but  if  a 
new  piece  had  to  be  put  in,  the  method  adopted 
was  to  trace  lightly  on  a  bit  of  paper  similar  in 
quality  to  the  page  to  be  repaired  the  outline 
of  the  tear,  and  then  to  tear  the  paper  in  the 
desired  shape.  The  tearing  gives  the  neces- 
sary roughened  bevel  edge,  and  the  bit  is  then 
inserted  in  the  manner  previously  described. 

ADHESIVE  PAPER.  —  Gaylord  Bros.,  of  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.,  have  recently  put  upon  the  market 
an  "Adhesive  parchment  paper,"  specially  in- 
tended for  library  use  in  repairing  torn  pages 
of  books,  magazines,  or  sheet  music.  The 
paper  possesses  much  tensile  strength,  and  its 
transparency  allows  the  torn  page  to  be  easily 
read  after  it  has  been  mended.  It  is  partic- 
ularly useful  for  repairing  school-books,  and 
should  be  welcome  in  the  circulating  divis- 
ion of  libraries,  especially  for  popular  fiction, 
where  the  more  costly  or  tedious  methods  of 
repairing  are  out  of  the  question.  Samples 
may  be  obtained  of  the  manufacturers,  P.  O. 
box  493,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

LIBRARY-STACK.  (Described  in  Official  Gazette  of 
the  U.  S.  Patent  Office,  Nov.  3,  1896.  77  : 
723).  il. 


Cibrariane. 


BEER,  William,  librarian  of  the  Howard 
Memorial  Library,  of  New  Orleans,  was  on 
Dec.  7  elected  librarian  of  the  new  Fisk  Free 
Public  Library  of  that  city,  which  is  to  be 
opened  this  month.  Mr.  Beer  is  well  known 
as  an  effective  worker,  and  he  has  brought  the 
Howard  Library  into  the  front  rank  among 
the  reference  libraries  of  the  country.  His  ap- 
pointment will  not  interfere  with  his  direction 
of  that  library,  but  he  will  now  act  as  librarian 
of  the  two  institutions.  Mr.  Beer  has  been  en- 
thusiastic in  his  support  of  the  free  library 
since  it  was  first  planned  a  year  or  so  ago,  and 
he  had  been  acting  as  adviser  to  the  directors 
since  the  passage  of  the  city  ordinance  in  Sep- 
tember last,  transferring  direct  control  of  the 
library  and  its  funds  to  them.  He  advocates 
the  close  co-operation  of  the  Howard  and  the 
Fisk  libraries,  the  former  serving  as  a  refer- 
ence the  latter  as  a  circulating  library,  and  he 
will  undoubtedly  make  the  new  institution  an 
important  factor  in  the  educational  develop- 
ment of  the  city. 

BOYD,  Mrs.  L.  J.,  was  on  Dec.  4  appointed 
librarian  of  the  Harlem  Library  of  New  York 
City. 

BROWNE,  Miss  Nina  E.  The  recent  state- 
ment in  these  columns  that  Miss  Browne  had 
severed  her  connection  with  the  Library  Bureau 
to  take  charge  of  the  cataloging  work  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section  was  not  wholly 
accurate.  Miss  Browne  while  acting  as  cata- 
logerfor  the  Publishing  Section  is  also  retained 
by  the  Library  Bureau  as  consulting  librarian. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


S3 


CRUNDEN,  Frederick  M.,  of  the  St.  Louis 
Public  Library,  has  accepted  the  invitation  of 
the  New  York  State  Library  School  Alumni 
Association  to  deliver  the  annual  association 
lecture  at  the  New  York  State  Library  School 
this  spring.  Mr.  Crunden  was  the  unanimous 
choice  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Asso- 
ciation, which  selects  the  lecturer  each  year, 
and  it  was  a  matter  of  general  congratulation 
that  he  was  able  to  accept  the  invitation. 

CURRY,  Miss  Harriet  E.,  librarian  of  the 
East  Liverpool  (O.)  City  Library,  died  on  Nov. 
18,  of  typhoid  fever.  Miss  Curry  had  been  a 
teacher  in  the  public  schools  of  East  Liver- 
pool for  several  years  before  she  became  li- 
brarian. 

DE  LAUGHTER — MCCREARY.  Married  in  At- 
lanta, Ga.,  Dec.  2,  1892,  Mr.  J.  W.  De  Laugh- 
ter, of  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  and  Miss  Nellie 
McCreary,  late  assistant  cataloger  at  the  St. 
Louis  Public  Library. 

DORTCH,  Miss  Ellen,  formally  entered  the 
field  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  state  libra- 
rian of  Georgia  on  Dec.  n,  when  the  bill  mak- 
ing women  eligible  to  that  position  passed  the 
state  senate  by  a  vote  of  29  to  5  ;  on  Dec.  3  it 
passed  the  house  by  a  vote  of  115  to  20.  The 
bill  was  introduced  largely  through  her  in- 
fluence, and  strong  pressure  is  now  being  used 
to  insure  her  appointment.  Miss  Dortch  is 
now  assistant  state  librarian.  After  the  pas- 
sage of  the  bill  Miss  Dortch  issued  an  address 
of  thanks  "  To  the  people  of  Georgia,"  through 
the  local  press. 

EDWARDS,  Mrs.  Jennie,  widow  of  the  late 
Major  John  N.  Edwards,  has  been  appointed 
state  librarian  of  Missouri  for  a  term  of  six 
years,  succeeding  W.  J.  Zevely,  resigned. 

GROVER,  Rev.  J.  L. ,  librarian  of  the  Colum- 
bus (O.)  Public  Library,  celebrated  his  gist 
birthday  on  Dec.  12.  Mr.  Grover  was  former- 
ly in  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  church,  but 
has  been  librarian  of  the  Columbus  Library 
for  over  20  years.  He  is  in  excellent  health 
and  is  at  his  desk  in  the  library  every  day. 
His  wife,  who  is  six  years  his  junior,  is  still 
living. 

HOFFMAN,  Charles  W.,  for  many  years  libra- 
rian of  the  law  department  of  the  Congressional 
Library,  died  at  his  home  in  Frederick,  Md., 
on  December  28.  Mr.  Hoffman,  who  was  67 
years  of  age  at  the  time  of  his  death,  was  ap- 
pointed law  librarian  of  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary by  Mr.  Spofford  in  1878.  He  was  a 
lawyer,  and  an  intimate  friend  of  Justice  Field, 
Judge  Morris,  Dr.  Toner,  and  otherwell-known 
residents  of  Washington.  Mr.  Hoffman  was 
a  distinguished  linguist.  He  retired  from  the 
library  some  years  ago  on  account  of  ill  health; 
he  was  unmarried  and  leaves  an  estate  of  about 
$80,000. 

HOWELL,  A.  C.,  was  on  Nov.  20  elected  li- 
brarian of  the  Iowa  City  (la.)  Public  Library, 
which  was  but  recently  established. 


MARVIN,  Miss  Mabel,  who  was  in  the  Ar- 
mour Institute  library  class  from  1895-6,  has 
left  the  library  staff  of  Armour  Institute  to  ac- 
cept a  position  as  assistant  cataloger  in  the  St. 
Louis  Public  Library. 

MATHEWS,  W.  P.,  M.D.,  was  on  Oct.  31 
elected  state  librarian  of  California,  succeed- 
ing the  late  W.  D.  Perkins.  Dr.  Mathews  was 
born  in  Virginia  in  1843,  and  was  educated  at 
Georgetown  College  and  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia. He  came  to  California  in  1870,  and  set- 
tled at  Tehama,  where  he  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  medicine,  which  occupation  he  fol- 
lowed successfully  for  15  years.  He  served 
in  the  legislature  during  the  sessions  of  1880, 
1881, 1887, 1889,  and  1893,  representing  Tehama 
and  Colusa  counties,  Tehama  county  and  Te- 
hama and  Trinity  counties.  Two  years  ago 
he  accepted  the  position  of  assistant  librarian 
of  the  state  library  at  the  request  of  his  friend, 
Mr.  Perkins.  His  election  was  unanimous  on 
the  part  of  the  trustees.  No  changes  in  the 
personnel  of  the  library  staff  will  be  made. 

MILLEDGE,  Col.  John,  for  eight  years  past 
state  librarian  of  Georgia,  has  issued  a  state- 
ment to  the  local  press,  briefly  giving  his  rec- 
ord as  head  of  the  state  library  and  enclosing 
several  letters  on  the  same  subject  from  well- 
known  law-book  publishers.  Col.  Milledge's 
term  of  office  expires  this  year,  and  the  ap- 
pointment will  be  made  next  summer  for  the 
period  of  four  years.  There  are  already  about 
half  a  dozen  candidates  for  the  office. 

MURDOCK,  John,  has  been  appointed  in 
charge  of  the  scientific  department  at  the  Bos- 
ton Public  Library.  Mr.  Murdock,  who  was 
formerly  connected  with  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution, is  a  graduate  of  Harvard  (class  of 
'73);  he  is  well  known  as  a  scientist  and  is  an 
accomplished  linguist. 

NOYES,  Miss  Marcia  C.,  on  Nov.  16  began 
her  duties  as  librarian  of  the  library  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty  of  Mary- 
land. This  library  is  in  Baltimore  and  con- 
tains some  10,000  volumes.  Since  July,  1893, 
Miss  Noyes  had  been  in  the  service  of  the 
Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library. 

SHARP,  Miss  Katharine  L.,  director  of  the 
department  of  library  economy,  Armour  Insti- 
tute, delivered  a  course  of  library  extension 
lectures  at  Cleveland,  O.,  Dec.  10-24.  This 
course  was  the  first  one  given  under  the  uni- 
versity extension  division  of  the  University  of 
Chicago,  and  is  the  result  of  the  work  of  the 
Bureau  of  Information  of  the  Illinois  State 
Library  Association. 

WELLMAN,  Hiller  C.,  formerly  assistant 
librarian  at  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  has  been 
appointed  superintendent  of  branch  libraries 
and  stations  of  the  Boston  Public  Library. 
The  position  is  a  newly-created  one,  and  should 
be  effective  in  extending  the  usefulness  of  the 
library  in  this  direction.  There  are  now  10 
branches,  four  reading-rooms,  n  delivery 
stations,  and  15  fire  companies  that  have  books 
delivered  to  them. 


54 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


Cataloging   anb   (Classification. 

BINGHAMTON  (N.    F.)  CITY  SCHOOL  L.     First 

supplement  to  the  finding  list.     December, 

1896.     24  p. 

A  decimal  class  list,  with  author  and  title 
fiction  list. 
Catalogue  of  works  on  pedagogy  in  the 

library.    4  p. 

BOOKS  OF  1896.  The  Independent  of  Nov.  19 
devotes  nearly  six  pages  to  a  classified  list  of 
the  best  books  of  the  year.  Publisher  and 
price  of  each  work  is  given,  together  with  a 
brief  description  of  its  contents. 

The  BOSTON  ATHEN^UM  will  shortly  publish 
a  catalog  of  its  collection  of  books  from  the  li- 
brary of  George  Washington,  compiled  by  A. 
P.  C.  Griffin.  The  collection  comprises  some 
300  volumes,  purchased  from  Henry  Stevens 
in  1848  for  $3800,  which  was  subscribed  for  the 
purpose  by  about  70  residents  of  Boston,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Salem.  Mr.  Griffin  has  made  care- 
ful examination  of  all  of  Washington's  letters 
in  the  State  Department  at  Washington  and 
elsewhere,  and  has  extracted  all  available  in- 
formation relating  to  his  books,  and  anno- 
tations including  this  data  will  form  a  useful 
feature  of  the  catalog.  In  addition  to  the 
books  owned  by  Washington,  the  catalog  will 
include  a  number  of  other  volumes  belonging 
to  the  Washington  family,  and  the  Athenaeum's 
large  collection  of  Washingtoniana.  In  an  ap- 
pendix will  be  given  the  list  of  Washington's 
books,  as  shown  by  the  appraiser's  inventory 
filed  in  the  Orphans'  Court  of  Fairfax  County, 
Va.  This  list  records  about  1000,  and  includes 
nearly  all  the  books  in  the  Athenaeum  collec- 
tion. Any  informat:on  regarding  the  present 
ownership  of  the  other  volumes  shown  on  the 
list  will  be»gladly  received  by  W.  C.  Lane,  li- 
brarian of  the  Athenaeum,  Boston. 

The  CLEVELAND  (O.)  P.  L.  has  issued  two 
excellent  little  reference  lists  on  Thanksgiving 
day  and  on  Christmas,  "compiled  by  Margaret 
G.  Pierce.  The  latter  is  especially  full  and 
well  selected,  being  a  reprint,  with  additions, 
of  the  list  published  in  the  December  number 
of  the  "  Cumulative  index." 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE  (Phila.)  L.     Reference  list 
no.  3,  December,  1896.     Decoration  and  de- 
sign.    38  p.  O. 
A   well-arranged   classed  list ;   most  "of   the 

books  listed  are  annotated. 

INTERNATIONAL  CATALOGING.  In  the  Elec- 
trician (London)  of  Oct.  30,  1896,  M.  Walton 
Brown  urges  the  importance  of  an  international 
catalog  of  applied-science  literature.  He  sug- 
gests a  conference  of  technical  societies  to  con- 
sider the  question. 

LIVINGSTON,  Luther  S.,  comp.  American  book- 
prices  current :  a  record  of  books,  manu- 
scripts, and  autographs  sold  at  auction  in 
New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  and  Cin- 


cinnati, from  Sept.  I,  1895,  to  Sept.  i,  1896, 

with    the    prices    realized,     [vol.    2.]     New 

York,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  1896. 

7411  items  are  included  in  this  second  vol- 
ume, which  is  an  improvement  in  arrangement 
over  the  first.  The  book  is  of  great  usefulness 
to  all  who  buy  second-hand  books. 

The  MERCANTILE  L.  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  in  its 
Bulletin  for  Oct.,  1896,  lists  the  accessions  from 
July  to  October  and  contains  a  two-page  list 
of  "  Reading  notes  on  King  Arthur  and  the 
Arthurian  legends,"  by  John  Edmands,  and  a 
short  list  of  books  for  sale  by  the  library. 

MILWAUKEE  ( Wis.)  P.  L.     Finding  list  of  the 
circulating  department;  compiled  by  Agnes 
Van  Valkenburgh.     May,  1896.    390  p.  1.  O. 
Contains  all  books  in  the  circulating  depart- 
ment to   May  I,   1896.      A   title-a-line  author 
list,    abbreviated    to    the    utmost    simplicity. 
Entries  are  made  under  real  names,  with  ref- 
erences  from   pseudonyms.     A    compact   and 
easily-handled  list. 

The  NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  Bulletin 
for  December  contains  reference  list  no.  16  on 
Christmas;  list  no.  15,  in  the  November  issue, 
is  on  Municipal  government. 

The  OSTERHOUT  F.  L.  (Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.) 
Newsletter  for  December  contains  a  short 
Christmas  reading  list,  and  the  first  of  a  series 
of  "  Historical  and  descriptive  readirg  lists," 
covering  English  history.  The  November 
number  contained  an  interesting  reading  list 
on  Normandy  and  Brittany. 

The  PATERSON  (N.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  issued  in  No- 
vember the  first  number  of  a  monthly  bulletin, 
to  be  sold  at  one  cent  a  copy,  which  in  paper, 
printing,  and  make-up  is  one  of  the  most  attrac- 
tive library  bulletins  issued.  The  first  number 
is  a  small  square  54  p.  pamphlet,  with  a  view 
of  the  Boston  Public  Library  as  frontispiece; 
several  pages  are  given  to  miscellaneous  libra- 
ry notes,  and  the  list  of  new  books  is  followed 
by  a  special  list  of  books  on  money,  bimetal- 
lism, banking,  etc. 

The  PROVIDENCE  (K.  /.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
Dec.,  1896,  contains  an  extremely  interesting 
reference  list  (no.  38)  on  William  Morris;  refer- 
ence list  39,  on  "  Proportional  representation 
and  analogous  measures";  and  a  useful  list  of 
the  reference  lists  issued  during  1895  and  1896. 
It  has  also  three  "  special  catalogues  ":  7,  Va- 
cancies in  sets  of  serials;  8,  Providence  Athe- 
naeum additions  in  1895;  and  9,  Brown  Univer- 
sity Library  additions  in  1896. 

The  ST.  Louis (Mo.)Y.  P.  L.  Monthly Bvlletin 
for  December  continues  its  "  Catalog  of  Eng- 
1'sh  prose  fiction  "  from  W  to  Y. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  Novem- 
ber contains  reading  lists  on  the  Rossettis  and 
on  William  Morris. 

SCRANTON  (/>«.)  P.   L.     Bulletin  no.  6:  Addi- 
tions from  July  to  December,  1896. 


January,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


55 


SEATTLE  (Wash.}  P.  L.  Bulletin,  vol.  i,  no.  i, 

Nov.  1896.     4  p. 

It  is  pleasant  to  note  that  Seattle  has  come 
into  the  ranks  of  the  libraries  that  bring  their 
contents  and  their  work  regularly  before  the 
public,  and  we  trust  this  modest  bulletin  will 
prove  a  successful  venture.  Beginning  in  this 
first  (November)number  and  continuing  month- 
ly it  is  planned  to  publish  a  classed  supplement 
to  the  last  printed  catalog,  covering  books 
added  up  to  Nov.  i,  1896.  The  first  instalment 
covers  Fiction,  from  A.  to  E. 

The  SOMERVILLE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
January  has  special  reading  lists  on  the  Brown- 
ings, and  on  Fairy-tales,  mythology,  and  folk- 
lore; the  number  for  December  had  lists  on 
New  England  and  Joan  of  Arc,  and  in  the  No- 
vember issue  the  lists  related  to  "  Municipal 
government  "  and  "  Our  country." 

The  SPRINGFIELD  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  A.  Bulletin 
for  December  contains  a  short  selected  list  of 
"  Christmas  reading." 

SWANSEA  (Mass.)   F.    P.  L.     Catalogue.     Fall 

River,  1896.     32  p.  O. 

Classified  on  the  Cutter  expansive  system. 
Made  very  clear  and  easy  to  use  by  a  liberal  al- 
lowance of  headings.  History  and  Geography 
are  fully  divided;  the  other  classes  hardly  at 
all,  yet  sufficiently.  The  library  is  a  very 
small  one,  open  only  on  Saturday  afternoons 
and  evenings,  two  hours  each. 

CHANGED  TITLES. 

"  NEW  JERSEY  :  from  the  discovery  of  Sche- 
yichbi  to  recent  times,"  by  Frank  R.  Stockton, 
is  published  by  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  1896. 
(Stories  from  American  History.)  "Stories 
of  New  Jersey,"  by  Frank  R.  Stockton,  is  pub- 
lished by  the  American  Book  'Co.,  1896.  Ex- 
cept in  their  title-pages  the  text  in  these  two 
books  is  precisely  the  same,  printed  from  the 
same  plates.  There  may  be  some  good  reason 
for  misleading  the  bookbuying  public  in  this 
way  into  buying  two  copies  of  the  same  work, 
but  in  this  case,  at  least  one  admirer  of  Stock- 
ton has  lost  much  of  his  respect  for  him  as  a 
man  in  his  permitting  such  an  imposition  on 
the  public.  S:  H.  R. 

FULL  NAMES. 

Taylor,  Joseph  Richard,  translator  of  "  Cap- 
tives of  Plautus,"  Boston,  1896. 

Fiske,  Thomas  Scott,  author  of  Chapter  6  in 
Merriam  and  Woodford's  "  Higher  mathemat- 
ics," New  York,  1896. 

Woodward,  Robert  Simpson,  author  of  Chap- 
ter 10  in  same  book.  W:  J.  J. 

The  following  are  supplied  by  Harvard  College  Library: 

Ballmann,  J:  W:(The  presidential  campaign); 

Cochrane,  Clark  Betton  (Songs  from  the  gran- 
ite hills  of  New  Hampshire); 

Dalton,  Joseph  Grinnell  (The  spherical  basis 
of  astrology); 

Fairchild,  Edwin  Milton  (The  function  of 
the  church); 


Ferguson,  L:  Aloysius  (Electrical  engineer- 
ing in  modern  central  stations); 

Forbush,  E:  Howe,  awaTFernald,  C:  H:  (The 
gypsy  moth); 

Gerdtzen,  Gerdt  Adolph  (The  problem  of 
economical  heat,  light,  and  power  supply  for 
building  blocks,  school- houses,  dwellings,  etc.); 

Hamlin,  Alfred  Dwight  Foster  (A  text-book 
of  the  history  of  architecture); 

Hay,  Oliver  Perry  (On  some  collections  of 
fishes); 

Herron,  G:  Davis  (The  call  of  the  cross); 

Holmes,  G:  Kirby,  and  Lord,  J:  Smith  (Re- 
port on  farms  and  homes,  etc.); 

Law,  James  Duff  (Dreams  o'  home,  and  oth- 
er poems); 

Lewis,  J:  B:,  and  Bombaugh,  C:  Carroll 
(Stratagems  and  conspiracies  to  defraud  life 
insurance  companies); 

Loase,  J:  F:  (The  phonetic  structure  of  the 
English  language  as  it  is  in  actual  speech); 

McMahon,  Joseph  H:  (A  list  of  the  most 
important  Catholic  works  of  the  world); 

Niswander,  Frank  Josiah  (Ground  squirrels); 

Norris,  W:  Fisher,  and  Oliver,  C:  A:  (Text- 
book' of  ophthalmology); 

O'Donnell,  James  H:  (Liturgy  for  the  laity); 

Silberstein,  Solomon  Joseph  (The  disclosures 
of  the  universal  mysteries); 

Smith,  H:  Harrison  (All  the  republican  na- 
tional conventions,  etc.); 

Teggart,  F:  J:  (Catalogue  of  the  Hopkins 
railway  library). 


BROWNING,  Robert.  In  the  Athetuzum  of 
Nov.  28,  T:  J.  Wise  continues  the  bibliography 
of  the  writings  of  Browning.  This  instal- 
ment is  devoted  to  "  Collected  editions  and  se- 
lections." 

CYANIDE  PROCESS.  References  to  recent  liter- 
ature on  the  subject,  comp.  by  A.  D.  Nord- 
hoff.  (In  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  v.  73, 
p.  441,  Nov.  28,  1896.) 

DEBATES.       Brookings,     W.     Du    Bois,     and 
Ringwalt,    Ralph   Curtis,  (tds.)     Briefs    for 
debate   on   current  political,  economic,  and 
social  topics.     With  an  introduction  by  Al- 
bert Bushnell  Hart.     New  York,  Longmans, 
Green  &  Co.,  1896.     D.    fi.25. 
75  briefs   are  presented,  together  with  the 
best  references  on  each  side  of  the  question. 
There  is  also  a  short  bibliography  of  debating. 

FINE  ART.  A  bibliography  of  fine  arts,  to 
comprise  nearly  1000  annotated  titles,  will  be 
published  early  in  February  by  the  Library 
Bureau,  Boston.  Russell  Sturgis,  president  of 
the  Fine  Art  Federation  of  New  York,  con- 
tributes a  selection  from  the  literature  of  the 
graphic  and  plastic  arts.  Henry  E.  Krehbiel, 
musical  editor  of  the  New  York  Tribune,  fur- 
nishes the  department  of  music.  Both  con- 
tributors are  among  the  foremost  critics  in  the 
metropolis  in  their  respective  fields.  In  their 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


[January,  '97 


forthcoming  bibliography  they  place  at  the  ser- 
vice of  booksellers,  librarians,  readers,  and 
students  the  results  of  a  life-long  study  of  fine 
art  and  its  literature. 

LAKES  ERIK,  HURON,  AND  MICHIGAN.  The 
Wisconsin  State  Historical  Society  is  to  pub- 
lish in  its  next  report  the  bibliography  of  Lakes 
Erie,  Huron,  and  Michigan,  which  was  pre- 
pared by  Miss  Margaret  Mann  on  the  comple- 
tion of  the  two  years'  course  in  the  Armour 
Institute  library  class. 

MILITARY  SCIENCE.  Sources  of  information  on 
military  professional  subjects  :  a  classifica- 
tion list  of  books  and  publications.  Wash., 
Gov.  Print.  Office,  1896.  4°,  109  p.  (War 
Dept.,)  Adjutant-General's  Office.  [Publica- 
tion] No.  10. 

MONTENEGRO.  Tenneroni,  Annibale.  Per  la 
bibliografia  del  Montenegro.  (Jn  La  Vita 
Italiana,  Oct.  25,  1896,  p.  457-462.) 

Music.  Matthew,  Ja.  E.  The  literature  of 
music.  New  York,  A.  C.  Armstrong  &  Son, 
n.d.  (The  book-lover's  library.)  10  +  281  p. 
16°.  $1.25. 

In  his  preface  the  author  states  the  object  of 
this  book  to  be  "  to  assist  the  inquirer  in  his 
search  for  the  most  useful  works  in  the  princi- 
pal departments  of  musical  literature,  and  at 
the  same  time  to  give  some  account  of  such 
books  as  are  of  interest,  either  for  their  curi- 
osity, for  their  scarceness,  or  for  the  important 
influence  they  may  have  exercised  in  a  past 
age."  The  opening  chapter  discusses  the 
literature  of  ancient  music  ;  the  closing  one  the 
bibliography  of  music.  The  first  bibliography 
of  music  known  to  the  author  was  begun  in  1762 
and  completed  in  1767.  Since  then  the  "books 
which  are  no  books,"  relating  to  music,  have 
grown  to  considerable  numbers.  Other  chap- 
ters discuss  dictionaries  of  music,  the  litera- 
ture of  sacred  music,  of  the  opera,  of  musical 
instruments,  etc. 

NULLIFICATION.  Houston,  David  Franklin. 
A  critical  study  of  nullification  in  South 
Carolina.  N.  Y.,  Longmans,  Green  &  Co., 
1896.  (Harvard  hist,  studies,  v.  3.)  Net,  $1.25. 

There  is  a  five-page  bibliography  of  nullifica- 
tion. 

PAPAL  ABSOLUTISM.     Vincent,  Marvin  R.     The 
age  of  Hildebrand.  New  York,  The  Christian 
Literature  Co.,  1896.     12°,  $1.50. 
Contains  eight  pages  of  bibliography. 

SLAVE  TRADE.     Du   Bois,   W.    E.    Burghardt. 

The  suppression  of  the  African  slave  trade 

to  the  United  States  of  America,  1638-1870. 

New  York,  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1896. 

(Harvard  hist,  studies,  vol.  i.)     Net,  $1.50. 

Pages  299-325  contain  a  bibliography  of  the 
subject. 


TAILORING.  Select  documents  illustrating  the 
history  of  trade  unionism:  I.,  The  tailoring 
trade;  ed.  with  an  introd.  by  F.  W.  Gallon. 
London,  Longmans,  Green  &Co. ,  1896.  $1.50. 
Pages  224- 237  are  given  to  a  bibliography  of 

the  subject.    The  reference  numbers  are  added 

for  the  works  that  may  be  found  in  the  library 

of  the  British  Museum. 

WOMEN.  Vol.  i  of  the  recently  issued  report 
of  the  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Education  for 
1894-95  contains  a  6-p.  bibliography  of"  select- 
ed books  and  articles  on  woman's  development." 
INDEXES. 

The  ' '  CUMULATIVE  INDEX"  for  December  con- 
tains an  excellent  reading  list  on  Christmas, com- 
piled by  Margaret  G.  Pierce  and  covering  six 
pages.  In  this  number  the  plan  for  the  new 
year  is  briefly  outlined.  During  1897  the  num- 
ber of  magazines  indexed  will  be  increased 
to  100,  of  which  75  will  be  included  from  month 
to  month,  the  remaining  25  to  be  indexed  once 
for  the  whole  year  in  the  December  or  final 
number;  specially  timely  articles  will,  however, 
be  included  in  the  monthly  issues.  The  bibliog- 
raphies on  current  topics,  prepared  for  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library,  will  also  be  published 
from  time  to  time  in  the  index,  and  upon  ap- 
plication subscribers  will  be  furnished  with 
reference  lists  on  any  subject  not  published, 
postage  only  being  charged.  For  1897  the  sub- 
scription price  is  $5,  to  be  paid  at  any  time 
before  the  issue  of  the  July  number. 

CORRECTION.  Poole,  1882  ed.  "Pressense,  Ed- 
mond  de,"  comes  before  "  Present  "  on  p.  1047. 
Should  follow  "  Press  "  on  p.  1049.  Poole,  ist 
Suppl.,  1882-87,  p.  98.  Entry  "  Confucianism, 
etc."  New  Eng.  read  v.  45  for  46.  —  A.  E. 
WHITAKER. 


attb 


"  Socio-economic  mythes  and  mythe-makers, 
by  Yours  truly,"  is  by  Dr.  H.  Augusta  Kimball. 

N.  E.  B. 

Can  any  one  tell  who  "  Miolnir"(Naut-eos) 
is,  author  of  "  Poems."  Aberystwith,  1860. 
60  p.? — A.  E.  WHITAKER. 

"The  three  homes,"  by  F:  W:  Farrar,  pub- 
lished by  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.,  1896,  was  orig- 
inally published  in  1873  under  the  pseudonym 
"  F.  T.  L.  Hope,"  which  Dean  Farrar  now 
says  stood  in  his  mind  for  the  words  "  Faintly 
trust  the  larger  hope."  —  Pub.  Weekly,  Dec. 
19,  '96. 

PSEUDONYMOUS  ENTRIES.  —  A  correspond- 
ent writes  :  "It  has  been  reported  that  the 
'Duchess'  (Mrs.  Hungerford)  has  sold  her 
pseudonym,  and  that  the  books  now  being  is- 
sued by  the  '  Duchess  '  are  really  written  by 
another  person  than  Mrs.  Hungerford.  If  this 
is  so,  are  not  those  libraries  entering  books 
under  the  real  name  rather  than  under  the 
pseudonym  giving  false  information?  This  is 
simply  a  straw  in  favor  of  using  the  pseudonym 
when  the  author  persists  in  using  one.  " 


January,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


57 


IMPERFECT  SETS. 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  periodical  literature  in  modern  libraries,  THE 
BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  established  its  Library  Department  with  the  idea  that  a 
definite  service  could  be  rendered  overworked  librarians  by  an  intelligent  effort  to 
supply  them  with  sets  of  periodicals  and  Society  transactions  bibliographically  com- 
plete and  materially  perfect. 

Under  the  old  method,  librarians  were  forced  to  buy  such  sets  or  parts  of  sets 
as  appeared  on  booksellers'  catalogues,  or  were  privately  offered  to  them,  taking 
their  chances  as  to  the  completeness  or  perfectness  of  the  sets.  Before  the  publica- 
tion of  "  Poole's  Index "  the  shortcomings  of  such  a  mode  of  purchase  were  not 
apparent,  because  the  deficiencies  in  sets  so  bought  were  not  brought  to  special 
notice  ;  but  in  these  days  of  thorough  indexing  the  constant  showing  up  of  tanta- 
lizing defects  obliges  the  conscientious  librarian  to  assume  the  labor  of  collation,  and 
the  subsequent  vexatious  time  and  money  cost  involved  in  trying  to  make  the 
defects  good. 

It  is  exactly  this  burdensome  and  wasteful  labor  which  THE  BOSTON  BOOK 
COMPANY  has  endeavored  to  save  librarians,  by  supplying  only  sets  which  have 
passed  through  the  hands  of  a  conscientious  and  carefully  trained  staff  of  collators 

We  find,  however,  that  some  librarians  still  prefer  to  buy  sets  by  the  old 
method,  and  to  such  librarians  we  wish  to  make  it  known,  that  while  we  consider 
our  method  the  economical  and  preferable  one  to  libraries  in  the  end,  we  are  entirely 
willing  to  sell  uncollated  sets  to  such  as  prefer  to  buy  them. 

We  have  always  a  great  many  uncollated  sets  on  hand  (because  conscientious 
collation  is  a  tedious  and  time-consuming  work)  and  we  can  offer  them  as  cheaply 
as  any  other  dealers.  In  such  cases  we  will  make  an  offer  of  the  volumes  actually 
on  hand,  but  will  not  undertake  that  every  page,  title-page,  index,  supplement, 
appendix,  plate,  or  map  is  supplied,  as  we  do  ordinarily. 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  only  asks  that  a  fair  comparison  of  price  and 
quality  be  made,  and  is  perfectly  willing  to  sell  to  librarians  on  any  method  they 
may  prefer.  

Remainder  Stock  of  Poole  Sets. 

We  have  bound  up  for  libraries  a  few  sets  of  two  periodicals  that  are  to  be 
included  in  the  next  supplement  to  "  Poole's  Index,"  viz.: 

"The  Law  Quarterly  Review,"  of  London,  12  vols.,  cloth,  $30.00  (regular 
price  in  law  sheep,  $48.00,  net};  and  "The  Juridical  Review,"  of  Edinburgh, 
7  vols.,  cloth,  $24.50- (regular  price  in  law  sheep,  $33.25,  net). 

This  special  price  for  cloth  sets  applies  only  to  our  stock  now  on  hand. 

These  two  sets  are  recommended  to  the  attention  of  librarians  of  General 
Libraries.  Sample  numbers  will  be  sent  on  application. 


THE   BOSTON   BOOK  CO., 

Beacon  Street,  -  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


{January,  '97 


LIVRBS  D'OCCASION 

En  vente  a  la  Librairie  H.  WEI/TER 
PARIS  — 69,    RUE    BONAPARTE;,    69  —  PARIS 


AntiquitJs  mexicaines,  publ.  par  Warden,  a  vol.  in-fol. 

d.-mar.  1836-44,  av.  176  pi.  col.  200  fr. 

Archives  des  Missions  scientifiques.  Coll.  compl.  1850- 

91.  33  vol..  av.  pi.  Superbe  itat.  200  fr. 

Art  de  verifier  les  dates.  Compl.  en  44  v.  in-8,  cart. 

1818-25.  150  fr. 

BARONIUS.  Annales  ecclesiastici.  37  v.  in.-4,  rel. 

1864-84.  330  fr. 

Bitl.de  rEcolt  dts  Chartes.  Coll.  bien  compl.,  1839-95. 

55  v.  650  fr. 

Billiotheque  francaise  (iditie  par  Didot).  54  forts  vol. 

gr.  in-8  &  2  col.  270  fr. 

Bibliotheque  grecyue-latine,  e"d.  Didot.  70  vol.  gr.  in-8 

i  2  col.  dont  35  vol.  rel.  600  fr. 

BORGHESI,  CEuvres.  9  t.  en  10  vol.  Paris,  Imp. 

Nat.  180  fr. 

Bulletin  du  Bibliophile  (Techener).  1834-95.  55  vol. 200  fr. 
Bulletin  monumental  (Caumont).  1835-79,  av.  tabl. 

47  v.  300  fr. 

CAHIER  et  MARTIN.  Melanges  d'archeologie.  4  vol. 

in-4,  d.-rel.  1847-56.  Rare.  400  fr. 

CANCIANI.  Barbarorum  leges.  5  v.  fol.  1781-89,  d.- 

bas.  80  fr. 

Cartas  de  Indias.  Folio,  avec  208  planches  et  fac- 
similes. Madrid,  1877.  190  fr. 
CLARAC.  Musee  de  sculpture.  6  vol.  texte  et  6  atl. 

in-4  obi.,  d.-chag.  280  fr. 

CLINTON.  Fasti  hellenici.  3  vol.  in-4,  rel.  60  fr. 

COSTE.  Monum.  mod.  de  la  Perse.  Fol.  d.-mar. 

1867.  no  fr. 

VIVANT-DENON.  L'CEuvre  originate.  Av.  le  suppl. 

i:rot.  315  eaux-fortes  folio,  1873.  90  fr. 

DEVIC  et  VAISSETTE.  Histoire  du  Languedoc.  15 

vol.,  cart,  compl.  1860-90.  (400  fr.)  240  fr. 

Dissertaz.  della  Pontif.  Acad.  Romana  di  archeol.  16 

vol.  in-4.  1821-64.  J8o  fr- 

DURUTTE.  Esthetique  musicale.  In-4,  1855,  rel. 

Rare.  25  fr. 

Friedrich1  s  d.  grossenpolit.  Correspondenz.  Vol.  i  i  15. 

1879-1887.  (245  frj  loo  fr. 

Gazette  archeol.  Coll.  compl.,  1875-88  (fin  de  la  publ.), 

rel.  en  14  vol.  in-4.  Superbe.  600  fr. 

Gaz.  des  Beaux-Arts,  orig.  1859  i  91  incl.  (dost  20  v. 

rel.)  900  fr. 

Grands  Ecr.  de  la  France  (Hachette),  tout  le  paru.  Cor- 

neille,  La  Rochefoucauld,  Malherbe,  Moliere,  Pascal, 

Racine,  S. -Simon,  S^vigne,  La  Bruyere,  La  Fontaine, 

de  Retz,    82  vol.  in-8  et  10  albums  de  pi.  Reliure  diff£- 

rente  pour  chaque  auteur.  750  fr. 

HOLTROP.  Monum.  typogr.  des  Pays-Bas  au  XV& 

siecle.  In-4.  1868.  Relie.  (250  fr.)  '  180  fr. 

Hist.  gen.  de  Paris.  Compl.  28  vol.  in-4,  toile,  et  3  atl. 

fol.  de  plans.  Ex.  de  M.  Alphand.  450  fr. 

fahrb.  d.  Vereins  v.  Alterthumsfreunden  im  Rhein- 

lande.  86  vol.  in-8  et  in-4-  1842-88.  220  fr. 

Journal  du  Palais.  Vol.  i  a  88  (1791-1873),  rel.  demi-bas. 

et  demi-chagrin.  130  fr. 

Journal  des  Economistes.  1842  &  1895.  7°°  ^r- 

—    Asiatique.    1822  &  1895.    40  vol.  rel.,  reste  br.  Tres. 

bel  e'tat.  700  fr. 

LABARTE.  Hist,  des  Arts  industries.  26  ddition.  3 

vol.  in-4.  (300  fr.)  465  fr. 

LABBL.  Nova  Biblioth.  manuscr.  libr.  2  vol.  fol., 

bas.  1 80  fr. 

LEBAS  et  WADDINGTON.  Voy.  Grece  et  Asie  Min. 

Compl.  Tres  rare.  350  fr. 

LECUYER  (Collection).  Terres  cuites  de  Grece  et 

d'Asie  Min.  2  vol.  fol.  avec  117  pi.  Rare.  180  fr. 
LENORMANT  et  DE  W1TTE.  Monum.  ceramograph. 

4  vol.  in-4,  580  pi.,  rel.  d.-mar.  Superbe.  250  fr. 

Le  Livre,  rtd.  p.  Uzanne.  Coll.  compl.  21  vol.  1880- 

89.  200  fr. 

LORENZ.  Catalogue  general  de  la  libr.  fr.  Compl. 

Tomes  I  4  XIII.  450  fr. 

MARTIN.  Hist,  de  France.  17  vol.  in-8,  av.  gr.  (dern. 

6d.),  br.  40  fr.  ou  bel  ex.-d.-chag.  70  fr. 

Materiaux  pour  rhist.  natur.  de  I'hontme,  dir.  par  E. 

Cartailhac.  22  vol.,  av.  300  pi.  Rare.  400  fr. 

Me"m.  Soc.  antiquaires  de  France.  1817-94  ou  vol.  i  a 

^4,  avec  I' at  I.  du  t.  96  et  les  Bull.  Compl.  320  fr. 
MICHAUD.  Biographic  univ.  26  id.  45  v.  gr.  in-8. 

(500  fr.)  200  fr. 

MlGNE.  Patrologie  latine.  221  vol.,  net  1650  fr.  — 

Patrol,  grecque.  166  vol.  3000  fr. 

MOREAU.  Album  Caranda.  Ouvrage  termini.  1875- 

91,  avec  195  pi.  coul.  300  fr. 


PARDESSUS.  Lois  maritimes.  6  vol.  in-4.  220  fr. 

PETITOT.  Coll.  compl.  des.  Mem.  131  rol.  bro- 

ches.  150  fr. 

PLACE.  Ninive  et  Assyrie.  3  vol.  fol.,  av.  88  pi.  (850 

fr.)  200  fr. 

QUERARD.  12  vol.,  et  BOURQUELOT,  6  vol.  18  vol. 

(Catalogue  general  de  1700-1848).  200  fr. 

Rembrandt  (fCEuvre  de),  p.  p.  Ch.  Blanc.  2  vol.  fol. 

et  fol.  max.,  demi-mar.  1858.  (400  fr.)  150  fr. 

Restauration  des  monum.  antiques.  Folio.  Didot.  4 

vol.  divers.  (500  fr.)  250  fr. 

REUSS.  La  Bible ;  compl.  19  vol.  130  fr. 

Revue  archeologique  ;  coll.  compl.  1844-95.  10  vol.  belle 

rel.,  reste  br.  680  fr. 

Revue  Art  chre'tien.  Orig.  (1859)  &  1895  incl.  Rare.  500  fr. 
Revue  intern,  de  I' Enseignem.  1878-91.  (360  fr.)  80  fr. 
Revue  langues  romanes.  1870-95.  375  fr. 

Revue  linguistique  et  philol.  camp.  1867-91.  Rare.  330  fr. 


rel. 
—  1836-77,  400  fr.  —  1836-68,  360  fr.  —  1836-49. 


Revue  de   numismatique  franqaise.      1836-90;     compl. 

500  fr. 
140  fr. 
500  fr. 
725  fr. 

Numismat.    Orient,    latin.    2  vol.    in-4-  125  fr. 

Soc.  anciens  textes  franqais.     1875-94,   et  Bullet.  66  v. 

cart.  400  fr. 

Societ^  antiquaires  de  Picardie.     1838-90.     Coll.     bien 

compl.,  in-8  et  in-4.  280  fr. 

Societe  archeolog.  de  Luxembourg.    T.   i  a  38  en  19  v. 

in-4.  125  fr. 

Stephanus  Thesaurus.     Didot.     9  vol.    fol.,  d.-ch.   Bel 

ex.  270  fr. 

Univers  pittoresque.  66  vol.  (Didot.)  (400  fr.)  120  fr. 
VINCI  (Leonardo  da).  Les  manuscrits  de  L.  de  V. 

6  vol.  fol.    (850  fr.)  450  fr. 

WAILLY.  Palegraphie.  2  vol.  fol.,  demi-veau.  80  fr. 
Annuaire  miteiorologique.  1849-72.  24  vol.  Rare.  180  fr. 
Arch.  Mus.  Hist.  nat.  Lyon.  3  vol.  fol.  (270  fr.)  100  fr. 
Arch.  (Nouv.)  Mus.  Hist.  nat.  Paris.  10  volumes. 

1865-1874.    (500  fr.)  200  fr. 

Archives  de  physiologic.    1869-90.    Rare.  650  fr. 

BAILLON.    Hist,  des  Plantes.    I  k  XIII.  250  fr. 

Berichte  der  chemischen  Gesellschaft.    1868  a  1887,     avec 

'table.    Original.  780  fr. 

Bull.    Soc.   botanique.    1854  &  95.  600  fr. 

Bull.  Soc.  chimique.     1858  4   95,  avec  Repert,  chimie. 

850  fr. 

BULLIARD.    Herbier    de    la    France.    Champignons. 

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DESHAYES.  Mollusques  (Explor.  d'AlgeYie).  200  fr. 
Index  Catalogue  (Billings).  16  vol.  350  fr. 

Journal  de  micrographie.     15  vol.  150  fr. 

Journal  de  pharmacie.    Orig.     1815  i  1890.  380  fr. 

Journal  de  physique,  p.    Rosier.  1773-1821.   90  vol.  veau. 

Superbe.  350  fr. 

Journal  de  1'Ecole  Polytechn.  Cahiers  i  4  60.  700  fr. 
Journal  des  Mines.  38  v.  et  table  des  torn,  i  4  28. 

rel.  zoo  fr. 

KIENER.     Species  et  Iconogr.  des  Coquilles.     Compl., 

avec.  902  pi.  col.,  grand  papier,  12  vol.  in-4.     (1600  fr.) 

700  fr. 

—  Idem.  12  vol.  in-8,  av.  902  pi.  col.    (900  fr.)  400  fr. 

LAPLACE.    CEuvres.  7  vol.  in-4,  rel.  1844-48.  100  fr. 

LAVOISIER.     CEuvres.    6  vol.  m-4-  1862-92.  80  fr. 

LEGENDRE.      Fonctions  elliptiques.  3   v.  in-4,  d.-rel. 

bas.  1 60  fr. 

Lumiere  electrique.    Coll.  compl.    1879-94.  400  fr. 

MAS.    Le  Verger,  av.  396  planches  col.  des  fruits  les  plus 

cultives.    8  vol.  gr.  in-8.    1866-73,  rel-  Tres  rare.     200  fr. 
Materiaux  pour  1'hist.    de  1'homme,  par  Cartailhac,  22 

vol.    Rare.  400  fr. 

Memoirs  of   the    Roy.   Astron.  Society.      Vol.  17  a  48. 

1849-85.  350  fr. 

Memoires  Acad.  d.  Sciences.  1866-90.  Ex.  unique.  3000  fr. 
MILNE  EDWARDS.  Lemons  sur  la  Physiologic.  14 

volumes.    (300  fr.)  160  fr. 

Pringsheim1  s  Jahrbiicher  f ur  Botanik.  Vol.  i  a  22.  1250  fr. 
Revista  maritima.  1876-1886,  sept.  (200  fr.)  80  fr. 

Revue  des  sciences  medicales,   par  Hayetn.    1873-90,  rel. 

(586  fr.)  200  fr. 

STOPPANI.    Paleontologie   lombarde.   4   vol.    in-4,   av. 

150  pi.    1858.    (228  fr.)  130  fr. 

VERDET.    CEuvres.  9  vol.,  d.-chag.  1868-73.  180  fr. 

Liebig's  Annalen  der  Chemie  und   Pharmacie.    Vol.  57 

&  264.  1400  fr. 


Meg  catalogues  soiit  enToyes  aux  personnes  qui  me  feroiit  I'honueur  de  me  charger 
de  leurs  commissions  pour  la  place  de  Paris. 


January,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL.  63 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

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MARKS. 

Arclueologia.  Vol.  1-54  and  Indexes.  Lond., 
1779-1894.  410  (publ.  at  upw.  of  ;£ioo),  40  vols.  calf, 
rest  cioth,  uncut 900 

A  rchlv  fur  Klinische  Chirurgie.  Vol.  1-36.  Ber- 
lin, 1861-87.  Hf.  bound.  (M.944) 580 

A  relit  v  fiir  Ssterreich.  Geschichti;.  Vol.  1-81  and 
Index.  Wien,  1848-93.  With  Notizenblatt.  9 
vols.,  1851-59  (ab.  M.5so)  boards 335 

Archives  de  la  Commission  des  Monuments  his- 
tor.  Livr.  1-131  (all  publ.).  Paris,  1856-73.  Roy. 
folio,  hf.  mor.,  best  edition  on  Cbina  paper 450 

Archives  Parlementalre*.  143  vols.  Paris, 
1862-96.  Complete  to  October,  1896.  (f res.  3840)..  660 

Bibllothflk  des  Literar.  Vereins.  Vol.  1-170. 
Stuttg.,  1842-84.  99  vols.  hf.  bd.,  rest  sewed  and 
boards 1200 

Bulletin  de  la  Socidte  Gdologique.  6t  vols. 
Paris,  1830-90.  Hf.  bd 1150 

Bulletin  Monumental.  Vol.  1-56  and  3 
vols.  Indexes.  Paris,  1834-90 500 

Bulletlno  di  bibliografia  e  di  storia  delle  scienze 
matematiche.  Vol.  1-20.  Roma,  1868-87.  410 400 

Central blatt  fiir  die  medicin.  Wissenschaften. 
Year  1-29.  1863-91.  Cloth 350 

Chlne«e  Repository.  20  vols.  Canton,  1833- 
51.  Hf.  bound 680 

Clvllta  Oattollca.  From  the  beginning,  1850, 
to  June,  1892.  i63  vols.  and  14  Indexes.  60  vols. 
hf .  bd. ,  rest  sd 250 

Enrly  English  Text  Society.  Complete 
set  to  end  of  1892 875 


MARKS. 

Flore  des  Serros.    23  vols.    Gand.,  1845-80 —    360 

Gardener's    Chronicle.     Lond.,    1841-90.     Sm. 
folio,  50  vols.,  hf.  calf 450 

Hermes.    Vol.  1-29  and  Index.    Hf.  calf 250 

Hofkalender^   Gothaer.    1764-1893.    131   vols. 
i6mo 1200 

Jahrbncher   fUr   National    Oekonomie.     Vol. 
1-56,  18  supplem.  and  Index.    1863-91 800 

Jahresberlcht,  Botanlscher,  v.  Just.  Year 
i-2o.    Berl.,  1874-94.    (M.&42)  500 


Jaliresbericht,  Zoologlscher.   v. 

Yeari-n.    1880-91.    (M.328.)    Hf.  cloth 


Carus. 


Jahresberlcht  Uber  die  Fortschritte  der  Che- 
mie.  Year  1-42  and  Index.  1849-91.  Boards 900 

Journal  des  Economlstes.  1842-94.  201 
vols.  and  Indexes,  (f res.  1872.) 600 

martens,  Recueil  de  traitds.  74  vols.  Goett., 
1817-96.  65  vols.  bound,  rest  sewed 800 

Nord  and  8nd.  Vol.  1-64.  Berlin,  1877-93. 
Publisher's  binding 240 

Numismatic  Chronicle.  52  vols.  1836-90. 
16  vols.  hf .  calf,  rest  sd 900 

Zeltschrlft  fUr  wissenschaftliche  ZoBlogie. 
Vol.  1-56.  With  4  suppl.  and  3  indexes.  1848-93. 
Bound 3IO° 

Zeltnng,  Botanische.  44  vols.  1843-86.  410, 
boards.  Original  edition  throughout 900 

Zoologlsche  Station  zn  Neapel.  Mit- 
theilungen.  Vol.  1-8.  1879-88 97° 


SETS    COMPLETED. 
TELEGRAPHIC  ADDRESS:  GUTENBERG  FRANKFORTMAIN. 


66 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


APPLETON'5  LIBRARY  LIST5. 

R  more  than  fifty  years  Messrs.  D.  APPLETON  &  Co.  have  been  engaged  in  the  publica- 
tion  of  the  choicest  productions  from  the  pens  of  distinguished  authors  of  the  past  and 
present,  of  both  Europe  and  America,  and  their  catalogue  of  books  now  comprises 
several  thousand  volumes,  embracing  every  department  of  knowledge.  Classified  lists  of 
these  publications  have  been  prepared,  affording  facilities  for  a  judicious  selection  of  books 
covering  the  whole  range  of  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE,  and  ART,  for  individual  bookbuyers  or 
for  a  thorough  equipment  of  any  library. 
Lists  A,  B,  and  C  are  of  books  selected  especially  for  School  and  College  Libraries. 

The  other  lists  are  of  books  grouped  according  to  subjects,  and  include  the  above. 


LIST  D.— History. 
E. — Biography. 
F.— Physical  Science. 
G.— Menial  and  Moral  Science. 
H.— Political  and  Social  Science. 
I.— Finance  and  Economics. 
K.— Hygiene  and  Sanitary  Science. 
I  .-  Philosophy  and  Metaphysics. 
M.— Technology  and  Industrial  Arts. 
N. — Anthropology,    Ethnology,    Archaeology, 

Palaeontology. 

O.— Language,  Literature,  and  Art. 
P.— Reference  Books. 


LIST  Q.— Poetry  and  Essay. 

R.— Travel  and  Adventure. 

S.— Pedagogy  and  Education. 

T.— Fiction. 

U.— Amusements  and  Recreations. 

V. — Evolution. 
W.-Religion 

X.-Law. 

Y. — Medicine. 

Z. — Juvenile  Books. 
A  A. —Unclassified. 

BB.— School  and  College  Text-Books. 
CC.— Spanish  Publications 


Single  lists  mailed  free.     Complete  set,  ten  sections  ,1%  cents,  to  cover  postage.     Bound  in  one  volume, 
340  pages,  8v0,  30  cents.     Free  to  librarians. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

343  Wabash  Avenue,  CHICAGO.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  NEW  YORK. 

EM.  TEROUEM, 

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ESTABLISHED    1877, 


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French  and  Continental  Books  purchased  at  the  lowest 
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Orders  carefully  executed  for  out-of-print  and  new  books. 

Binding  for  books  in  constant  use  a  specialty  of  the  firm. 

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The  "  Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Franfiise  "  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  of  second-hand  book- 
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Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 
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Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Paris  of 
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references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  States. 

Correspondence  and  trial  orders  solicited.  Small  or  large 
shipments  every  week  either  direct  or  through  his 
agent  in  New  York. 


Januaryt*yi\ 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


67 


INKS    AND    ADHESIVES. 


f 
1. 


HD  A  \VINfl 
LJK/\W  ll^iVJ 


3.  4. 

in  Blacks  and  Colors,  are  the  Standard  Liquid  Draw- 
'»  ing  Inks  of  the  World.  They  are  us' d  and  endorsed 
by  the  leading  schools,  colleges,  and  institutes  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  Three-fourths  of  the  profes- 
sional draughtsmen  of  the  United  States  use  no  other  Drawing  inks.  In  %  oz.,  ^  ft.,  ft.,  and  Qt.  Bottles. 
%  oz.  Bottles  prepaid  by  mail,  thirty-five  cents. 


2 
• 


PHOTO  MOIT1NITPP  A  beautiful  homogeneous  adhesive,  pure  white 
t*nVI  1  \J  Ll\\J\Jl\  1  CK^  and  delicately  scented,  for  mounting  photo- 
graphs,  textile  samples,  scrap  book,  tissue  work,  and  general  use  as  a  substitute  for  mucilage.  Always  ready  and 
requires  no  preparation.  In  3  oz.,  6  oz.,  14  o»,,  and  %  Gallon  and  Ballon  Jars.  3  oz.  Jar  prepaid  by 
mail,  thirty  cents. 


TAITPINP     MITPII    AflF 
l/\UK.H>nr    JTHJ^/lL,/\UEr. 


3  A  strong,  clear,  non-sedimentary  Fluid 

.  I  UUVJirN^  l/\UK.H>nr  JTHJ^/lL,/\UEr.  Mucilage  of  great  strength  and  quick 
catch.  Non-corrosive,  and  will  not  become  dirty  and  stained  in  use.  Adopted  by  the  School  Board  of  Indianapolis 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  mucilages.  In  2  on.,  4  oz.,  ^  ft.,  ft.  and  Qt.  Bottles,  and  1,  2,  and  5  Gallon 
Cans.  2  oz.  Bottle  prepaid  by  mail,  twenty-five  cents. 

4.  HIGQINS'    DRAWING-BOARD  AND   LIBRARY    MUCI- 

1  A.CJP  A'Semi-fluid  Adhesive  of  extraordinary  strength.  For  sticking  paper  to  paper,  paper  to  cloth,  or 
•-«»Vll-«»  leather  to  paper  or  cloth  it  is  unequalled.  Excellent  for  mounting  drawings,  maps,  or  pictures  on  cloth, 
paper,  or  wood,  and  for  repairing  and  labelling  books.  The  5000  volumes  of  the  model  library  at  the  World's  Fair 
were  repaired  and  labelled  with  it,  and  it  was  voluntarily  exhibited  and  recommended  by  the  Committee  in  charge  as 
the  only  satisfactory  adhesive  for  the  purpose.  Its  utility  in  schools  is  hence  apparent.  In  3  ox.,  6  oz.,  14  oz. 
and  ft  Gallon  and  Gallon  Jars.  3  oz.  J~ar  prepaid  by  mail,  thirty  cents. 

SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  ARTISTS'  MATERIALS,  PHOTO  SUPPLIES,  AND  STATIONERY. 

These  goods  are  peculiarly  adapted  for  school  use,  being  of  the  very  highest  standard,  and  hence  popular  educators 
in  themselves.  The  adhesives  are  extremely  strong,  yet  spread  easily  and  smoothly  in  a  very  thin  film,  so  that  they 
go  further  than  starch  or  flour  pastct  or  gum  mucilages,  and  as  they  never  deteriorate  or  spoil  there  is  no  waste,  and 
they  are  hence  more  economical  in  the  end  than  cheap  goods. 

Color  Cards  showing  actual  Drawing  Inks,  also  descriptive  circulars  and  full  information  will  be  sent 
postpaid  on  application. 

CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Originators  and  Manufacturers, 


INKS  AND  ADHESIVES. 


ies-172  Eightu  street, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  IJ.  S.  A. 


London  Office:  106  Charing  Cross  Road. 


KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO., 


PUBLISHERS  AND  LIBRARY  AGENTS, 

Having  extensive  experience  in  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
INSTITUTIONS,  etc.,  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  Miscellaneous  Requisites,  Books  (New  and 
Second-hand),  or  Periodicals  in  all  Languages,  offer  their  Services  to  LIBRARIANS,  SECRE- 
TARIES, AND  OTHERS.  Careful  attention  given  to  every  detail.  Exceptional  Facilitiei  for 
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and  Newspapers  Promptly  Supplied  as  issued.  Books  Shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  World  at  Lowest 
Rates.  _ 

TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES,  HANDBOOKS,  ETO. 


68 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[January,  '97 


LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  :  :  :  :  : 


LEflCKE  &  BUECHNER, 


(LONDON.     LEIPZIG.     PARIS.) 

.812  Broadway,  New  York. 


*(glE  invite  Librarians  to  correspond  with  us  before  placing  orders.     Our  facili- 
»»      ties  for  supplying  books  in  all  languages  are  unsurpassed. 

Xargegt  Stocft  of  (german  anfr  jfrencb 
Hmertcan  Boofeg  at  jobbers'  TRates.    . 


JBrttigb  JBooftg  ffrnportefr  Dut^jfree 

Our  firm  offers  all  the  advantages  of  foreign  agencies  as  to  terms  and 
prompter  service,  receiving  weekly  shipments  from  England,  Germany,  and  France. 

Our  Monthly  Bulletin,  besides  a  bibliography  of  the  leading  languages  of 
the  world,  supplies  in  a  supplement  critical  notes  on  books  especially  valuable  for 
Libraries,  and  has  become  the  purchasing  guide  for  German  and  French  books 
in  many  Libraries. 

•  FOREIGN  PERIODICALS  A7   LOWEST  RATES  • 


WE  MAKE  A    SPECIALTY  OF   THE    CORRECT  ARRANGING  AND   LETTERING 
OF  WORKS  IN  FOREIGN  LANGUAGES, 


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SINGLE  VOLUMES  OR  IN 
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THE  FINEST  EXTRA  BIND- 
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January,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  69 

LIBRARY    DEPARTflENT 

OF 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co., 

CHICAGO. 

ORDERS  for  libraries— public,  university,  college,  or  school — filled  with  prompt- 
ness and  the  greatest  care. 

Our  stock  of  miscellaneous  books  is  very  large  and  complete,  and  our  special 
Library  Department  with  a  corps  of  trained  assistants  enables  us  to  give  the  best 
attention  to  the  peculiar  demands  of  libraries. 

We  are  continually  receiving  large  consignments  of  foreign  books — those  for 
public  libraries  coming  free  of  duty — and  we  make  a  specialty  of  picking  up  both 
domestic  and  foreign  books  which  are  out  of  print  or  which  for  other  reasons  are 
difficult  to  secure. 

Our  prices  are  very  low  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  librarians 
regarding  their  wants. 

Telegraphic  address :     f\       F>       DITTMAPl'Q    QO1VQ    Telegraphic  addresi : 
Putnam,  Londen.         VJ  •     1^  •     \     \J   1  lir\l    1    £3    ^Vfll^      Putnam,  New  York. 

LONDON:  rt  NEW  YORK: 

24  Bedford  Street,  Strand.  *  27  and  29  West  23d  Street. 

-__  RnnkrsFi  i  Fpg  AND   LIBRARY   AnBisnrs  — > 

nESSRS.  PUTNAM  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  intelligently  and  to  the  best  advan- 
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Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for  American  books)  enables  them 
to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  commission  usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all  books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to 
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tions of  the  day.  Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 


"Notes  on  Neva  Books"  a  quarterly  of  thtir  own  publications,  will  be  sent  regularly,  on  apflicati»n. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
orders. 

The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
kept  in  stock,  thereby  enabling  us  to  fill  orders  with  utmost  despatch. 

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Correspondence  solicited.  Send  for  catalogues  and  specimen  copy  of 
THE  BOOK  BUYER,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  books,  authors,  and  literary  affairs. 


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and  desire  to  submit  figures  on   proposed   lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{January,  '97 


Auctioneers  and  Appraisers, 
666    Washington    St.,  BOSTON,    MASS. 

AT  PRIVATE  SALE. 

To  be  Sold  by  the  ORDER  of  the  ASSIGNEES 
of  INSOLVENCY.     The 

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ASSOCIATION  LIBRARY 
OF  LOWELL,  MASS,, 

is  now  offered  for  sale  entire,  consisting  of  about 

25,000  VOLUMES  OF  BOOKS, 

in  Various  Departments  of  Literature,  for 
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A  very  favorable  opportunity  to  acquire  a 
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For  particulars  or  privilege  of  examination, 
apply  to 

C.   F.   LIB  BIB  &  CO., 

666  Washington  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


LENGTHY  COiESPOnCE 

back  numbers  of  magazines  needed  to 
complete  sets  may  be  avoided  by  sending  list 
of  wants  to  A.  S.  CLARK,  174  Fulton  Street, 
New  York  City.  Magazines  will  be  forwarded 
to  librarians  "on  approval"  as  to  price  and 
condition.  If  returned  for  any  reason,  cost 
will  be  borne  by  sender.  My  stock  exceeds  in 
extent  that  of  any  other  dealer  in  the  world. 
Catalogue  No.  43,  a  copy  of  which  is  at  your 
service,  helps  tell  the  story. 


"IDEAL" 

NEWSPAPER  FILES  ARE  THE 

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WRITE  FOR  CATALOGUE 


EVAN    W.    CORNELL, 

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A    USEFUL  BOOK  OF  REFERENCE. 


A   SELECTED   BIBLIOGRAPHY 

OF  THB 

Religious  Denominations 
of  the  United  States. 


COMPILED    BY 


GEORGE   FRANKLIN   BOWERMAN, 

B.A.,  B.L.S. 

With  a  list  of  the  most  important  Catholic  works 
of  the  world  as  an  appendix.  Compiled  by 
Rev.  JOSEPH  H.  McMAHON.  Strongly  bound 
in  linen  cloth,  wide  margin  for  reference 
notes,  thick  paper,  75  cents. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE 


Cathedral  Library  Association  of  New  York, 


READY  SEPT.   i: 

Dante  and  Catholic  Philosophy  in  the 
Thirteenth  Century. 

The   only   translation  of   Ozanam's  celebrated 
woik. 


J.   H.   HICKCOX, 


906.91   St., 


WASHINGTON,   D.   C., 


Offers  his  services  to  public  and  private 
libraries,  students,  and  others  in  search 
of  government  documents  or  information 
in  procuring  for  a  moderate  fee  missing 
numbers  in  sets  of  government  publica- 
tions, of  which  he  makes  a  specialty,  other 
government  documents  and  information 
from  the  several  departments,  museums, 
and  libraries  in  Washington. 


BOOKS  WANTED. 


Fletcher  Free  Library,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Steele,  Chief  of  the  Pilgrims. 

Pardoe,  Life  of  Marie  de  Medicis,  v.  3. 

Don  Quixote,  ed.  by  Lockhart,  v.  i.    Boston,  1865. 

Library  Co.  of  Phila.,  cor.  Locustand  Juniper  Sts. 

Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Pilcher's  First  Aid  in  Illness  and  Injury.    New  York, 
1892. 

Teachers'  College,  Bryson  Library,  N.  Y. 
Chalmers,  George,  Opinions  on  interesting  subjects  of 

public  laws  .  .  .  arising  from  American  independence. 

1784. 

Tucker,  George,  History  of  the  U.  S.,  4  v.    1860. 
Harvard  Subject  Index.    1886-91. 

Y.  M.  O.  A.  Library,  23d    St.  cor.  4th  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

New  England  Maf.,  March  and  001.^1892,  and  Oct.,  '93. 


January,  '97]  THE  LIBRAR  Y  JO URNAL  7  x 

.Three  Valuable  Library  Aids. 

IN  PREPARATION : 

The  Annual  Literary  Index,  1896 

Including  Periodicals,  American  and  English,  Essays,  Book-Chapters,  etc.,  Special  Bibliogra- 
phies and  Necrology  of  Authors.     Edited  by  W.  I.  FLETCHER  and  R.  R.  BOWKER,  with  the 
co-operation  of  members  of  the  American  Library  Association  and  of  the  Library  Journal  staff . 
THE  ANNUAL  LITERARY  INDEX  for  1896  is  now  printing  and  will  be  ready  earlier  than  usual 
in  the  year.     This  not  only  covers  the  full  range  of  periodicals  included  in  Poole's  Index,  as  no 
other  publication  does,  but  includes  the  "essay  index,"  continuing  the  "A.  L.  A.  Index  to  General 
Literature,"  an  index  to  events  of  1896,  which  is  practically  an  index  to  the  daily  papers,  a  list  of 
bibliographies  of  the  year,  and  a  necrology  of  authors,  etc.     The  volume  is  the  fifth  annual  sup- 
plement to  Poole's  Index  and  the  third  to  the  "A.  L.  A.  Index  to  General  Literature."     It  is  the 
complement  of  THE  ANNUAL  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  of  books  published  in   1896,  and  with  it 
makes  a  complete  record  of  the  literary  product  of  the  year.     It  is  thus  the  most  comprehensive 
tool  in  the  way  of  a  guide  to  recent  literature  furnished  for  library  and  trade  purposes.     The 
edition  is  limited. 

One  volume,  cloth,  uniform  with  Poole's  Index  and  the  A.  L.  A.  Index,  $3.50,  net. 
"Of  great  value  to  all  who  would  keep  advised  of  the  topics  and  writers  in  the  periodical  literature  of  the  day." 
—Universalist  Quarterly. 

"  Good  indexing  could  no  further  go." — The  Nation. 

»    »    »    » 

The  Annual  American  Catalogue,  1896 

THE  ANNUAL  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  for  1896  will  be  issued  as  soon  after  the  close  of  the  year  as 
possible.     It  will  contain : 

(1)  Directory  of  American  Publishers  issuing  books  in  1896. 

(2)  Full-title  Record,  with  descriptive  notes,  in  author  alphabet,  of  all  books  recorded  in 

THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY,  1896. 

(3)  Author-,  title-,  and  subject-index  to  same,  in  one  alphabet. 

(4)  Publishers'  annual  lists  for  1896. 

This  volume  forms  the  SECOND  ANNUAL  SUPPLEMENT  to  the  AMERICAN  CATA- 
LOGUE, 1890-95,  now  issuing. 

One  volume,  half  leather,  $3.50  ;  in  sheets,  $3.00  ;  if  ordered  and  paid  for,  before  publica- 
tion, the  price  will  be,  half  leather,  $3.00  ;  in  sheets,  $2.50. 

The  edition  as  usual  is  a  limited  one.  The  volumes  for  1890  to  1893  are  all  out  of  print,  and 
orders  for  those  of  1894  and  1895,  to  insure  supply,  should  be  promptly  filled.  The  ANNUAL 
ENGLISH  CATALOGUE,  for  which  we  have  the  American  market,  will  this  year  include  full  title 
entries,  after  the  manner  of  the  American  volume,  instead  of  the  previous  abbreviated  entries. 
It  will  be  furnished  at  $1.50  paper,  or  bound  with  the  American  in  one  volume,  half  leather,  at 
$5.00,  net,  unless  the  change  in  plan  should  necessitate  increase  in  price,  of  which  we  have  not 
yet  been  advised  by  the  English  publishers. 

NEARLY  COMPLETED: 

+ 

The  American  Catalogue,  1890=1895 

PART  I. :  Including  List  of  Publishers,  and  Author-and-Title  Alphabet,  A-H.     PARTS  n.  and  Hi.: 
Author-and-Title  Alphabet,  H-Z.     PART  iv. :  Subject  Alphabet;  Government  Publications — 
Smiths.  Inst.-War  Dept.    PART  v.,  completing  the  work,  will  be  published  shortly. 
The  present  issue  of  THE  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  covers  the  period  July  i,  1890,  to  June  30, 
1895.     It   is    in   two  divisions,  of  which  the   first  contains  the  author-and-title  alphabet,  and 
the  second  the  subject  alphabet,  lists  of  government  and  state  publications,  publications  of  soci- 
eties, books  in  series,  etc.     Price,  $12.50  in  sheets  ;  and  $15.00  in  half  morocco  binding.    ($10.00 
in  sheets  ;  $12.50  in  half  morocco,  to  subscribers  paying  in  advance  of  publication.)     The  edition 
is  1250  copies  only,  and  there  will  be  no  reissue. 

The  appendixes  to  THE  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE,  1890-1895,  of  which  the  main  alphabets  were 
supplied  last  year  to  subscribers  desiring  it  in  parts,  are  now  passing  through  the  press  and  the 
completed  volume  will  be  ready  in  a  short  time. 

"  Without  question  the  most  perfect  trade  bibliography  with  which  we  are  acquainted."— London  Bookselltr. 

*  ¥  *  * 

Address  the  OFFICE  OF  THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY, 
P.  O.  Box  943.  59  Duane  Street,  New  York. 


72  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [ January,  '97 

ESTABLISHED    1873 

LONDON  t  PARIS:  LEiPatCt 

3Q  WELLINGTON  ST  ,  STRAND.       76  RUE  DE  RENNES.  HOSPITAL  SIR.  1O. 

GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

Purchasing  Agent  for  Colleges  &  Libraries 

810    BROADWAY,     NEW    YORK, 

(TWO  DOORS  ABOVE  GRACE  CHURCH) 

negs  to  call  attention  to  his  facilities  for  obtaining  FOREIGN  BOOKS  and 
PERIODICALS  at  more  economical  rates  THAN  ANY  OTHER  HOUSE  IN  AMERICA 
OR  EUROPE  can  offer,  because : 

He  employs  no  Commission  Agents,  but  has  his  own  offices  and 

clerks  at  London,  Paris  and  Leipzig.    He  has  open  accounts 

with  all  the  leading  publishing  houses  in  the  world. 

His    experience    enables  him  to    give    information  at    once    about 
rare  and  scarce  books. 

He  receives  weekly  shipments  from  England,  France  and  Germany^  and 
can  thereby  fill  orders  in  quicker  time. 

MORE  THAN  200  LIBRARIES  TAVOR  HIM  WITH  THEIR  ORDERS. 


SPECIAL,    REFERENCES, 

*'  Mr.  Stechert  has  for  years  furnished  this  Library  with  most  of  its  periodicals  and  European  books,  and  has  bought  for  tu 
many  thousand  volumes.  Mr.  Stechert's  success  is  due  to  his  constant  personal  attention  to  the  business,  and  the  reasonable 
terms  he  is  able  to  offer.  I  consider  a  New  York  agent  far  preferable  to  reliance  on  foreign  agents  alone." 

Gco.  H.  BAKER,  Libraria.it  of  Columbia  College,  New  Yfrk. 


"  Seven  years  ago,  in  reorganizing  the  Columbia  College  library,  I  spent  much  time  in  trying  to  discover  how  to  get  out 
foreign  books  and  periodicals  with  the  least  delay,  trouble  and  expense.  The  result  of  the  comparison  of  three  methods,  viz: 
ordering  direct  from  foreign  dealers,  ordering  thtough  one  agent  in  London,  or  ordering  through  one  agent  in  New  York  showed 
us  that  it  was  to  our  advantage  to  give  Mr.  Stechert  all  our  foreign  orders,  as  he  delivered  in  the  library  in  a  single  package 
and  with  a  single  bill  at  as  low  cost  as  we  were  able  with  vastly  greater  trouble,  to  get  a  half  dozen  different  packages  in  differ- 
ent bills  from  different  places.  In  reorganizing  the  New  York  State  Library,  I  opened  the  whole  question  anew,  and  the  result 
of  the  comparison  was  the  same  as  before,  and  we  find  that  the  library  gets  most  for  the  time  and  money  expended  by  taking 
advantage  of  Mr.  Stechert's  long  experience,  and  the  careful  personal  attention  which  he  gives  to  our  orders." 

MELVIL  DBWEV,  Director  of  N.  Y.  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


*'  Mr.  G.  E.  Stechert  of  New  York  has  served  us  with  fidelity  in  procuring  English,  French  and  German  books,  both  new 
and  second  hand  and  also  periodicals.  His  terms  are  more  reasonable  than  any  others  that  have  come  to  our.  notice,  while  he 
has  always  guarded  our  interests  very  carefully.  We  find  it  a  great  convenience  to  have  one  agency  in  New  York,  represented 
by  branches  in  different  European  countries." 

Prof.  ARTHUR  H.  PALMER,  Librarian  of  Adelbert  College,  Cleveland,  O. 


"  Your  methods  and  facilities  for  doing  business,  as  I  have  examined  them  here  as  well  as  at  the  Leipzig  and  London  ends, 
seem  to  me  admirably  progressive  and  thoroughly  live.  1  deal  with  you  because  I  judge  it  for  the  advantage  of  this  library  to 
do  so.  If  I  did  not,  I  should  not.  Up  to  date  I  am  unable  to  find  a  method  which  is,  all  things  included,  so  economical  of 
time  and  money  as  dealing  through  you." 

ERNEST  C.  RICHAEDSON,  Librarian  ef  College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton,  N.J. 


"  Our  library  committee  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  your  services.     You  have  not  only  saved  us  many  dollars,  but  haw« 
Blown  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  our  wants  for  which  we  thank  you. ' ' 

A.  B.  COLLINS,  Act.  Librarian  of  Reynolds  Library,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

GUSTAV    K.    STKCHKRT, 

LONDON.         PARIS.         LEIPZIG.         NEW  YORK. 


THE 


Library  Journal 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

CHIEFLY  DEVOTED    TO 

Xibrarp  Economy  an&  Bibliograpbp 


VOL.  22.   No.  2. 

FEBRUARY,  1897. 
Contents. 


EDITORIAL  .................    75 

A.  L.  A.  Special  Meeting. 

Union  Meeting  of  New  England  Associations. 

Affairs  at  Washington. 

Indexes. 

The  Free  Library  of  New  Orleans. 

COMMUNICATIONS  ..............    76 

Civil  Service  Methods  in  Libraries  —  A  Correction. 
Books  for  Distribution  —  Notice  to  Librarians. 

WHAT  MAY  A  LIBRARIAN  DO  TO  INFLUENCE  THE  READ- 
ING OF  A  COMMUNITY?  —  A.  L.  Peck  ......     77 

THE  LIBRARIAN  AND  THE  PATRIOTIC  SOCIETIES.  —  An- 

geline  Scott  ...............     80 

THE  GATHERING  OF  LOCAL  HISTORY  MATERIALS  BY 
PUBLIC  LIBRARIES.  —  R.  G.   Thwaites.     ...     .82 


BOOKS  OF  1896  —  I 

NEW  AIDS  FOR  READERS  ......... 

THE  QUESTION  OF  INDEXES.  —  F.  D.   Tandy. 
THE  FREE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 


LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF  AUSTRALASIA  .......    90 


ART  FOR  THE  SCHOOL-ROOM  AT  DENVER  PUBLIC  LI- 
BRARY  go 

REPORT  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS.  .  .  91 

CRITICISMS  AND  REVIEWS  FOR  READERS 91 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 91 

Special  Meeting. 

Proposed  A.  L.  A.  Propaganda  Appropriation. 

Handbook. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 93 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 93 

LIBRARY  CLUBS >  .  , 102 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTOR 103 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS u2 

LIBRARIANS na 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 113 

BlBLIOGRAFY 113 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 114 

HUMORS  AND  BLUNDERS 114 


NEW  YORK  :   PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE, 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $3-00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  ctg. 

Price  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  the  Union,  zos.Jer  annum.-  single  numbers,  at. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


74 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February >,  '97 


GUSTAV   FOCK, 

German  Agency  for  American  Libraries.     Dealer  in  New  and  Second- 
hand Books  and  Periodicals, 


CABLE  ADDRESS:  BUCHFOCK,  LEIPZIG. 
CODE  IN  USE:  ABC  CODE. 


MARKS 

Journal  de  mathematiques  pures  et  ap- 
pliquees.  Complete  set  from  the  beginning  in 

1836101894 1200 

Journal  of  Philology.    Vols.  1-22.    1868-94 225 

Instituto  di  correspondenza  archeologica  di 
Roma.  Complete  set  from  the  beginning  in  1829 

101885. 1650 

Lacroix,  P.,  Lettres,  sciences,  arts,  insti- 
tutions, moeurs,  etc.,  en  France.  10  vols. 
Bound. 


LEIPZIG:  Magazingasse  4. 
NEW  YORK:  P.  O.  Box  2943. 

(Pay  and  Freight  Station  only.) 

For  the  essential  advantages  arising  from  business  communication  with  my  house,  see  note  on 
page  626  "Library  Journal,"  November,  1896. 

IN   COMPLETE   SETS   I   OFFER: 

MARKS 

Academic  des  sciences  de  Paris.    Histotre  et 

me'moires  de  m:ithematique  et  de  physique  depuis 

1'origine  1666  a  1779.  84  vols 300 

Alemannia.  Zeitichnft  f.  Sprache,  Literatur  u. 

Volkskunde  d.  Elsass?s  u    Oberrheins.     Hrsg.  v. 

A.  Berlinger,  fortges.  v.  F.  Piaff.    Bd.  1-23.   1873- 

95.  (M.I38.) 9° 

AngJia.  Hrsg.  v.  P.  WUlcker.  Bd.  1-17.  1877-95.  245 
Annalns  <'«  chemie  et  de  physique.  Complete 

set.  Depuis  1'origine  1789  a  1894 3250 

Annales  des  sciences  naturelles.  7  series. 

Complete  set  from  the  beginning  in  1834  to  1895. 

Bound 3000 

Bettrage  zur  Kunde  d«  indogerman.  Spra- 

chen.   Hrsg.  v.  F.  Bezzenberger.  Bd.  1-19.   1877- 

94 125 

Berichte  der  deutschen  botanischen  Gesfll- 

schaft,  Jahrg.  1-12.  1883-91 160 

Biblioteea  de  autores  espanoles.  Principiad* 

en  1846  terminada  en  1880.    71  vols.    Complete 

Bibiiotheca    botanica.     Orig.    Abhandlgn.    aus 

dem.   Besamtgebiete  d.  Botanik.    Hrsg.  v.  Ubl- 

worm,  Haenlein,  Luerssen  u.  Frank.    Heft  1-35. 

With  many  plates.  1886-96  (M.6o2.) 260 

Bihliotheca  zoologica.  Hrsg.  v.  Leuckhart  u. 

Chun.  1888-95.  Allout!  Bound.  (M  859.) 500 

Brorkhaus,  Honversations-Lexikon.  14  Aufl. 

16  Biinde.  1893-95  Bound.  (M.i6o) 90 

Les  grands  Ecrivains  de  la  France.  94 

vols.  et  7  albums.  Allout! 450 

Encyclopaedic  des  fiaturwissenscfiaften. 

Hrsg.    v.   Kenngott.    Schenk,  SchlBmilch,    Witt- 

S'.ein  u.  A.  Bd.  1-38.  Botany,  5  vols.;  Mathe- 
matics, 2  vols  ;  ZoSlogy,  Anthropology.  Ethnol- 
ogy, 6  vols.;  Geology.  Paleontology, 3 vols.;  Pnar- 

macognosy,  i  vol.;  Chemistry,  vols.  1-13  ;  Physics, 

4  v  >ls.;  Astronomy,  2  vols.  1879-96.  (M.sSs.) 325 

Geological  survey  map  of  England  and 

Wales.  In  51  large  and  207  small  sheets.  Com- 
plete set 950 

Geological  survey  map  of  Ireland.  252 

sheets  and  119  vols.,  memoirs  for  sheets.  Com- 
plete set 980 

Geological  survey  map  of  Scotland.  Com- 
plete set 400 

Germania.  Hrsgr.  v.  Bartsch  u.  Behaghel.  37 

Bde.  1856-92.  Allout!  Bound 420 

Goethe's  Werke.  Hrsg.  im  Auftrage  d.  Gross- 

herzogin   Sophie   v.  Sachsen.    All   out  to   1896. 

Bound 250 

Grimm,  J.,  Deutsche  Grammatik.  4  Bde. 

(Bd   1 :  2.  A.)  u.  Register  v.  Andresen.    1822-60. 

Halfcalf 40 

Grimm,  Deutsches  Worterbrch.  All  out ! 

Complete  set 140 

Handbuch  der  Physik.  Hrser.  v.  A.  Winkel- 

mann.  3  Bde  in  Tin.  1896.  (M.ios) 75 

Jnlirbiich  it.  Jfeues  Jahrbuch  f.  Mineralo- 

gie,    Geoloale,    u.    Palaemntologie.     Jahrg. 

1830-94  Mit  Beilagebanden.  etc 1500 

Jahrbuch,  tforphologisches.  Hrsg.  v.  Gegen- 

baur.  Band.  1-2 1.  1875-94  Bound ...  700 

Jahrbuch  der  deutsehen  Shakespeare  Gesell- 

schtft.  Jahre.  '-28.  1865-93.  Bound 200 

Jahrbucher,  Zoologische.  Bd.  1-7.  u.  Suppl. 

1886  95 420 

Jahresbericht  uber  die  Fortschritte  d.  Mass 

Altertumswissenschaft.   Mit  BeiblSttern. 

Jahrg.  1-22.  1878-94 560 

Jahresbericht  uber  die  Fortschritte  der 

It  tans.  Philologie.  Bd.  1-29.  1866-94.  Bound..  350 
Journal,  The  Quarterlv,  of  the  Geological 

Society  of  London.    Vols.  1-51.    1845-95 45° 


Theolog-homilet.  Bibelwerk.    Altes  u. 
Neues  Testament.  36  Tie.  Eleg.  gebd.  (Mi67.3o).    100 

Micro  copicn I  Society.  A  complete  set  of  the 
Journal  of  the  Microscopical  Socit ty  from  the  be- 
ginning in  1841  to  1894.  Bound 500 

Molir-re,  Oeuvres  completes.  Collect,  p.  L. 
Moland.  ae  e'd.  12  vols.  1880-94 54 

Monatsiichrift  fur  Anatomic  u.  Histologie. 
Bd.  1-12.  1884-05.  Bound 300 

Ifaehrichten,  Astronomisehe.  Hrsg.  v.  Schu- 
macher. Bd.  i— 139.  1823-95 1700 

Pnlaeontographica.  Hrsg.  v.  Dunker,  Meyer, 
Zittel.  Complete  set.  1851-96 2010 

Pansaeant,J.  D.,l>epeintre-graveur.  6  vols. 
Avec  le  portrait  de  1'auteur.  1864-69.  Hlnbd. 
(M.64.) 35 

Pertz,  Hfnnume-nta  -  Germaniae  -  historica. 
Complete  set  from  beginning  to  1895 4700 

Poggendorff's  Annalen  der  Physik  u.  Che- 
mie.  Bd.  1-162.  u.  Fortsetzung  "Wtedemann's 
Annalen,"  Bd.  1-56.  1878-95 2750 

Pringsheim's  Jahrbucher  fur  Wissen- 
schaftl  Botanik.  Bd.  1-25.  1858-92 1270 

Rabenhorst,  Kryptogamen-Flora.  Latest  ed. 
Allout!  (M. 250.20.) 150 

Reportorium  f.  Experimentalphysik.  Hrsg. 
v.Carl.  Bd.  I-IT.  1865-82.  u.  Fortsetzung  :  Re- 
pertorium  d.  Physik.  Bd.  18-27.  1883-91.  27 
Bde.u  Reg.  (M.59o.2o.) 120 

Romania.  Publi^  par  Meyer  et  Gaston.  Vols.  i 
324.  18728*95.  Bound 500 

Schlfchtendalu.  Hallier.  FloravonDeutsrfi- 
land.  5.  (neueste)  A.  30  Bde.  1880-87.  Eleg. 
gebd.  (M.266.) 175 

Societe  dfs  anciens  teaetes  francais.  Complete 
set.  57  vols.  (728  Francs) 405 

Stahl  *«.  Eisen.    Jahrg.  1-15.    1881-96 170 

Transactions  of  the  Chaucer  Society.  Com- 
plete set  from  the  commencement  in  1868  to  1894. .  625 

Virehote-tfirseh,  Jahresbericht  mit  Vor- 
la>ffer:  Canstatt's  Jahresbericht.  1841-94. 
Bound 780 

Zeitsrhrift  fur  Berg-,  Hutten-  w.  Salinen- 
tvesen  d.  preuss.  Staates.  Bd.  1-43.  1853-95.  380 

Zeitschrift  f.  d.  gesamten  Naturwissen- 
schaften.  Bd.  1-67.  1853-94 a5° 

Zeitfiehrift  f.  d.  mathemnt.  u.  naturwissen- 
schaftl.  Vnterricht  Hrsg.  v.  J.  C.  V.  Hoff- 
mann. Jahrg.  1-36.  1870-95 150 

Zeitschrift  f.  veissenschaftl.  Slikroskopie. 
Bd.  i-'o.  1884-94.  (M.220.) 155 

Zritsfhrift  f.  roman.  Philologie.  Hrsg.  v. 
Grober  Bd.  1-19.  1877-95 »45 

Zeitschrift  f.  Volkerpsi/chologie  u.  Sprach- 
wissenschaft.  19  Bande.  1860-88.  (M.  185  40.).  80 

Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie. 
Bd.  1-58.  1848-95 3100 


WANTED  IN  COM  PL 
Index  Xedicus. 

Pools' 8  Index. 


T  SETS: 

.deae   Catalogue. 


THE    LIBRARY    JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


FEBRUARY,    1897. 


No. 


THE  American  Library  Association  has  had 
its  first  special  meeting,  which,  .although  it 
directly  accomplished  nothing,  will  not  be  with- 
out influence  in  the  future  moulding  of  the 
association.  It  did  not  seem  advisable  under 
the  circumstances  of  the  present  Congress  to 
attempt  the  reincorporation  proposed,  which 
should  make  the  American  Library  Association 
a  national  organization,  recognized  by  the  na- 
tion through  act  of  Congress  on  the  same  plan 
with  the  American  Historical  Association. 
This  is  probably  a  desirable  end,  but  it  was  the 
general  opinion  that  the  time  was  not  yet  ripe 
for  this  act,  and  that  any  action  toward  this 
end  should  be  taken  in  full  conference.  While 
it  should  be  to  the  interests  of  library  develop- 
ment —  and  that  means  to  the  interest  of  all  the 
people  —  that  there  should  be  a  central  library 
authority,  nationally  recognized,  which  might 
be  called  upon  to  furnish  members  of  a  board 
of  visitors  for  the  national  and  other  govern- 
mental libraries  and  to  report  annually,  or 
from  time  to  time,  upon  library  economy  and 
library  progress,  the  present  time  and  circum- 
stances did  not  seem  auspicious  for  such  re- 
organization, and  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation could  certainly  not  afford  to  put  itself 
in  the  position  of  seeking  aggrandizement  for 
itself  by  a  crusade  in  its  own  behalf.  The  spe- 
cial meeting  was  unanimous  in  this  judgment. 
Under  the  constitution  it  was  not  possible  to 
discuss  other  questions  than  that  put  forward 
in  the  call  for  the  meeting,  so  that  the  pro- 
posal to  appropriate  $500  for  the  use  of  the 
secretary  in  missionary  effort,  although  it  met 
with  wide  approval  as  well  as  with  some  criti- 
cism, could  not  be  acted  upon.  The  fact  that 
President  Brett,  Secretary  Hayes,  Recorder 
Jones,  and  others  serving  the  association, 
came  to  New  York  from  distant  cities  at  con- 
siderable expense  in  money  as  well  as  at 
the  outlay  of  much  time  and  inconvenience, 
emphasizes,  however,  the  desirability  of  ap- 
propriation by  the  Association  for  the  travel- 
ling and  other  expenses  of  those  who  serve  it 
without  remuneration. 


NOT  second  in  interest  to  this  meeting  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  itself  was  the  union  meeting  of  the 
New  England  associations  by  the  invitation  of 
the  Connecticut  Library  Association  at  Hart- 


ford in  the  tame  week.  The  meeting  was  a 
large  one,  despite  unfavorable  weather,  bring- 
ing together  150  people  interested  in  library 
advancement.  It  is  evident  that  nothing,  not 
even  New  England  weather,  as  celebrated  by 
Hartford's  humorist,  can  daunt  the  enthusiasm 
of  the  library  spirit ;  indeed,  there  is  nothing 
more  striking  than  the  largeness  and  enthusi- 
asm of  any  gathering  of  librarians.  It  was 
peculiarly  gratifying  at  this  meeting  to  have 
the  report  of  co-operative  methods  among  li- 
brarians in  Hartford,  which  sets  an  especially 
valuable  example  to  other  cities  in  this  respect, 
as  well  as  in  Providence,  and  the  real  signifi- 
cance of  the  meeting  lay  in  the  emphasis  of 
this  idea  of  co-operation  for  the  benefit  of 
readers  and  students  among  the  libraries  of  a 
great  city.  

LIBRARIANS  should  not  forget  that  there  is 
pending  before  Congress  a  bill  to  extend  and 
practically  complete  the  reorganization  of  the 
system  of  government  publications.  Mr.  Cran- 
dall's  bill,  dealing  with  the  methods  of  publica- 
tion of  government  issues,  in  the  more  technical 
sense  of  publication,  is  likely  to  be  overlooked 
in  the  closing  days  of  the  session,  unless 
members  of  Congress  are  reminded  of  its 
importance.  Librarians  should,  therefore, 
write  to  their  senators,  urging  the  passage  of 
the  bill  "to  improve  the  printing  and  binding 
methods  of  the  public  documents,"  and  should 
also  urge  early  action  in  the  matter  on  the  sen- 
ate committee  on  printing — Senators  Hale 
Hansbrough,  and  Gorman.  This  bill,  though 
emanating  from  Mr.  Crandall's  office,  is  the 
joint  result  of  the  plans  of  Dr.  Ames  as  well  as 
of  Mr.  Crandall,  and  has  the  hearty  support  of 
all  intelligently  interested  in  government  docu- 
ments. The  bill  authorizing  Dr.  Ames  to  con- 
tinue backward  his  "Comprehensive  index" 
has  passed  th**- House  and  is  pending  in  the 
Senate,  but  the  general  sentiment  of  the  libra- 
ry profession  regarding  this  bill  is  undoubtedly 
that  expressed  in  the  January  JOURNAL.  It  is 
to  be  hoped  that  the  provision  for  separating 
the  copyright  office  from  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress will  become  a  law,  as  one  satisfactory 
feature  of  the  general  bill  on  the  Library  of 
Congress,  however  unsatisfactory  may  be  the 
other  features  of  this  bill. 


76 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURJN AL 


[February,  '97 


THE  question  of  indexes,  raised  elsewhere 
by  Mr.  Tandy,  is  one  of  special  interest  and 
importance  to  librarians,  and.  the  suggestions 
put  forward  by  him  for  organized  library  effort 
toward  better  and  more  plentiful  indexes  are 
well  worthy  of  support  and  discussion.  Among 
the  minor  woes  of  librarians  indexless  books 
are  ever  present,  and  there  is  no  class  of  work- 
ers to  whom  thorough  and  systematic  indexes 
are  more  useful.  Of  late  years  publishers  have 
come  to  recognize  more  fully  the  added  value  of 
a  well-indexed  volume,  but  there  is  s>till  wide  room 
for  improvement  in  this  direction.  Only  too  of- 
ten booksare  published,  the  usefulness  of  which 
would  be  practically  doubled  by  a  good  index. 
Prof.  Bandelier's  important  work,  "The  gilded 
man,"  was  one  of  the  most  striking  examples  of 
the  sort,  and  a  very  recent  instance  is  found  in 
the  collection  of  "  Mythsand  legends  of  our  own 
land,"  by  Charles  M.  Skinner  —  a  mass  of  ma- 
terial that  an  adequate  index  would  have  ren- 
dered at  least  twice  as  useful.  If  all  books  of 
information  were  supplied  with  indexes  and  all 
index-makers  were  responsible  over  their  own 
signatures  for  the  merit  of  their  work,  the  path 
to  specific  information  on  a  subject  would  be  a 
more  direct  and  a  less  thorny  one.  A  note- 
worthy step  in  this  direction  has  been  made  by 
Dr.  Eggleston  in  the  initial  volume  of  his  im- 
portant series  in  American  history,  "The  be- 
ginners of  a  nation,"  wherein  credit  is  given 
to  the  maker  of  the  index  as  himself  an  author; 
but  such  examples  of  index  appreciation,  if  it 
may  be  so  termed,  are  rare  indeed.  Capital  ser- 
vice in  the  cause  of  adequate  indexes  is  done  in 
the  Dial,  where  Mr.  Thwaites  in  his  reviews  of 
current  historical  literature  gives  special  criti- 
cal emphasis  to  their  importance,  and  the  Nation 
is  always  a  consistent  champion  of  indexes.  If 
these  examples  were  followed  by  the  majority 
of  reviewers  it  would  not  be  long  before  pub- 
lishers generally  realized  that  a  good  index  is 
the  necessary  corollary  of  a  good  book.  And 
there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  a  similar  re- 
sult might  be  effected  through  a  well-organized 
and  persistent  "  library  movement"  toward  the 
same  end,  such  as  Mr.  Tandy  urges.  At  any 
rate,  it  is  well  worth  trying. 


NEW  ORLEANS  gives  the  first  contribution  to 
the  library-founding  record  of  1897.  In  the 
Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library,  formally  inau- 
gurated last  month,  that  city  establishes  its  first 
free  circulating  library,  and  establishes  it  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  insure  systematic  growth 


and  wide  usefulness.  The  process  of  evolution 
whereby  subscription  or  endowed  libraries  at 
last  find  thtir  true  place  as  free  public  libraries 
has  more  than  once  been  referred  to  in  these 
columns.  This  principle  finds,  in  a  measure, 
fresh  illustration  in  New  Orleans,  where  three 
separate  collections,  each  useful  but  limited  in 
its  scope,  have  been  merged  into  one  effec- 
tive organization,  supported  by  the  people  for 
themselves.  Perhaps  the  most  gratifying  feat- 
ure of  the  change  was  the  rapidity  with  which 
it  was  accomplished  and  the  hearty  co-opera- 
tion that  the  project  received  from  its  very  in- 
ception. Nothing  could  indicate  more  clearly 
the  sure  and  steady  growth  of  public  apprecia- 
tion of  the  part  a  public  library  should  play  in 
the  life  of  a  city,  and  in  the  Fisk  Free  and  Pub- 
lic Library  it  is  not  difficult  to  see  an  entering 
wedge  of  free  library  development  in  the  South. 
Nor  are  these  signs  of  the  times  confined  to 
New  Orleans.  In  Galveston  the  Rosenberg 
bequest  promises  to  soon  take  substantial  form 
as  a  free  public  library,  while  in  Georgia  the 
proposed  library  commission  bill  has  good 
prospect  of  passage  by  the  coming  legislature. 
A  southern  conference  of  the  American  Library 
Association  should  be  directly  effective  in  fur- 
thering the  good  work,  and  the  suggestion  made 
at  Cleveland  and  elsewhere  that  the  conference 
of  1898  be  held  in  Atlanta  should  have  serious 
consideration  at  the  Philadelphia  meeting. 


Communications. 


CIVIL  SERVICE  METHODS  IN  LIBRARIES.— 
A  CORRECTION. 

IN  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  January  I  find 
myself  reported  as  testifying  before  the  Com- 
mittee of  Congress  on  the  Library  that  I  did 
not  favor  the  application  of  civil  service  meth- 
ods to  the  employment  of  assistants  in  that  li- 
brary. That  is  a  mistake.  I  am  a  civil  service 
reformer  and  intended  to  be  understood  un- 
equivocally to  favor  the  extension  of  civil  ser- 
vice principles  to  the  national  library. 

W.  I.  FLETCHER. 

AMHERST  COLLEGE  LIBRARY,  I 
AMHERST,  MASS.  ( 

BOOKS  FOR  DISTRIBUTION.— NOTICE   TO 
LIBRARIANS. 

DR.  CHARLES  C.  P.  CLARK,  author  of  "The 
commonwealth  reconstructed,"  New  York, 
1878,  216  pages,  octavo,  has  placed  the  remain- 
der of  the  edition  in  our  hands  for  distribution. 
A  copy  of  it  will  be  sent  to  any  library  on  re- 
ceipt of  12  cents  (f.i2)to  cover  cost  of  mailing. 
GEO.  H.  BAKER. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY,  ' 
NEW  YORK  CITY. 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


77 


BY  A.  L.   PECK,  Librarian  Glover sville  (N.    Y.)  Free  Library. 


HAVING  had  opportunity  to  observe,  with 
some  care  and  certainly  with  keen  interest,  the 
expectations  which  communities  have  as  soon 
as  it  is  reported  that  a  library  is  to  be  founded, 
I  have  made  an  effort  to  watch  how  far  these 
expectations  are  realized,  how  far  they  are  dis- 
appointed, and  in  what  respect  the  results  pos- 
sibly exceed  every  expectation.  In  a  great 
many  cases  these  expectations  become  so  fixed 
that  they  have  been  changed  into  demands 
upon  the  library,  as  soon  as  the  library  is  es- 
tablished. 

I  still  recall,  with  some  quiet  delight,  that  on 
the  day  after  a  certain  gentleman  had  prom- 
ised to  found  a  library,  some  anxious  readers 
immediately  inquired  when  the  books  would 
be  ready  for  delivery,  and  the  feverish  haste 
with  which  the  public  at  large  expected  to  use 
these  books  would  have  led  one  to  believe  that 
as  soon  as  the  library  was  open  the  demands 
for  books  would  be  so  great  that  a  reasona- 
ble supply  would  be  impossible.  People  in  the 
street  would  say  that  the  library  would  close 
the  saloons;  others  would  say,  like  Franklin,  "It 
will  improve  manners."  Older  men  who  never 
expected  to  use  the  library  themselves  anticipat- 
ed great  benefit  for  their  sons  and  grandsons. 
Generally  it  was  maintained  that  the  library 
would  improve  the  intellectual  taste  of  the 
public  and  change  entirely  the  character  of 
reading  of  the  community.  When  the  books 
arrived  young  and  old  hastened  to  the  library 
to  help  the  librarian  in  unpacking  the  cases, 
and  were  offended  when  such  assistance  was 
promptly  and  seriously  refused.  When  the 
doors  of  the  library  were  almost  hermetically 
sealed,  in  order  to  give  the  librarian  and  his 
assistants  an  opportunity  to  catalog  the  books, 
it  aroused  public  anger  to  such  an  extent  that 
the  people  inquired  whether  the  librarian 
meant  to  read  the  books  before  they  were  per- 
mitted to  handle  them.  And  so  it  went  on 
through  four  weary  months,  during  which  time 
between  3000  and  4000  books  were  prepared 
for  library  use.  When  finally  the  books  were 
ready  for  delivery  the  former  eager  readers 
drew  57  books  on  the  first  day.  And  so  the 
true  function  of  the  library  began;  first,  to  find 
readers;  second,  to  make  the  library  agreeable 
and  pleasant  to  these;  third,  to  keep  readers  in 


the  habit  of  coming;  fourth,  to  make  the  library 
useful  to  all;  and  fifth,  to  make  an  effort  to  im- 
prove the  general  character  of  reading.  And 
after  many  years  of  hard  and  persevering 
work,  on  the  part  both  of  the  trustees  and  the 
librarian,  the  library  has  increased  in  useful- 
ness, and,  it  may  be  said,  meets  some  of  the  ex- 
pectations which  its  friends  had  anticipated 
before  it  was  properly  organized  and  opened 
to  the  public. 

It  is,  however,  not  the  object  of  this  paper  to 
discuss  fully  in  what  regard  the  public  library 
meets  the  expectations  of  the  community  that 
maintains  it.  An  attempt  at  this  would  simply 
lead  to  the  compilation  of  a  library  manual  and 
not  to  a  condensed  statement  of  what  a  library 
may  do  regarding  the  improvement  of  the 
literary  taste,  not  only  of  its  particular  readers, 
or  of  any  class  thereof,  but  of  the  community 
in  general. 

While  no  one  will  question  that  the  develop- 
ment of  a  taste  for  good  literature  is  one  of 
the  functions  of  the  public  library,  it  would  be 
wise  not  to  speak  of  this  function  too  loudly, 
as  the  individual  readers  as  well  as  the  com- 
munity might  take  offence  at  any  such  attempt. 
And  still  it  cannot  be  denied  that  the  public 
library  does  improve  the  healthy  tone  of  read- 
ing in  the  community  at  large.  Whether  this 
can  be  done  successfully  must  in  each  case  de- 
pend upon  local  circumstances,  upon  the  tact 
and  personal  exertion  of  those  in  charge  of  the 
library. 

Efforts  toward  the  improvement  in  the  quality 
of  reading  may  be  grouped  under  the  following 
heads  :  first,  efforts  for  the  individual  reader; 
second,  for  classes  of  readers;  thirdly,  for  the 
community  at  large,  also  naturally  including 
those  who  never  come  to  the  library. 

First,  then,  as  to  individual  readers:  In  order 
to  be  able  to  influence  the  individual  reader  it 
is  necessary  that  those  who  wish  to  exert  this 
influence  shall  first  gain  the  confidence  of  those 
they  wish  to  guide.  This  guidance  must 
be  free  from"  prejudice  and  cant,  and  must 
spring  apparently  from  no  other  source  than  a 
personal  interest  in  the  individual  patron  of 
the  library.  We  can  gain  the  confidence  of 
children  most  readily,  most  surely,  by  bringing 
them  in  contact  with  such  books  as  are  known 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Fcbruary,  '97 


to  us  to  interest  children.  The  less  there  is 
said  about  these  matters  to  the  child  himself 
the  better.  Here  is  Johnnie,  who  reads  nothing 
but  Alger  books,  and  you  are  anxious  for  his 
own  sake  that  he  should  read  something 
better.  While  you  may  be  compelled  to  give 
him  his  Alger  book,  because  he  claims  that  he 
has  a  right  to  get  what  he  wants,  still  show 
him  one  or  two,  or  a  few  books  which  you 
consider  better.  If  you  do  not  succeed  at  first, 
do  not  give  up  the  case  as  hopeless,  but  pa- 
tiently give  him  your  attention,  try  to  lure  him 
away  from  his  idols.  Ask  yourself,  "What 
does  he  like  in  the  Alger  books?"  The  an- 
swer is  simply  that  he  likes  to  read  about  real 
boys  and  their  success.  It  is  success  and 
wealth  that  attract  him,  and  he  dreams  that  his 
career  may  be  similar.  The  Trowbridge,  the 
Kellogg,  and  the  Kaler  books  will  be  readily 
accepted  as  substitutes.  If  he  wants  stories  of 
school-boys,  you  may  not  at  first  succeed  in 
getting  him  to  read  "  Tom  Brown,"  but  give 
him  some  other  books  about  schools  and  school- 
boys. If  he  is  in  search  of  adventures,  give 
him  Ballantyne  and  some  of  the  earlier  Reid 
books,  the  Henty  books,  or  give  him  Du  Chail- 
lu.  I  could  always  interest  boys  in  "  Lost  in 
the  jungle." 

If  your  friend  be  one  of  the  girls  who  seem 
to  be  wedded  to  "  Elsie  "  —  which,  by  the  way, 
is  a  very  serious  case  —  make  an  effort  to  in- 
duce her  to  read  the  "  Little  women "  series, 
some  of  the  books  of  Joanna  Matthews,  the 
"  Katy  "  books  by  Susan  Coolidge,  the  "  Witch 
Winnie"  and  the  "Hildegarde"  books,  and 
others. 

The  main  thing  is  that  neither  should  know 
you  have  intentions  to  change  his  or  her  read- 
ing-matter, and  the  next  thing  that  he  or  she 
should  become  acquainted  with  other  books. 
The  change  must  come  from' the  young  people 
and  not  from  the  library  official.  As  soon  as 
they  think  that  the  library  official  wishes  to 
make  a  change  they  suspect  that  it  is  done 
from  selfish  motives.  I  have  heard  it  often 
said  that  these  things  are  done  for  the  effect  in 
the  annual  report,  and  others  would  say  that 
this  is  "  what  they  are  paid  for."  It  is  also  my 
sincere  belief  that  in  small  libraries  the  libra- 
rian himself  should  take  the  greatest  interest 
in  his  juvenile  borrowers,  and,  as  much  as 
possible,  give  them  his  own  personal  attention. 
In  the  large  libraries,  naturally,  means  will  be 
provided  to  engage  a  suitable  person  for  such 
work.  'We  all  know  that  this  has  been  dope 


already,  and  I  need  only  to  mention  the  excel- 
ent  work  which  Miss  Stearns  is  doing  for  the 
children  in  Milwaukee. 

The  effort  to  guide  the  reading  of  grown-up 
persons  requires  still  greater  care  and  tact. 
Here,  in  fact,  nothing  but  direct  interest  in  the 
borrower  will  lead  to  success.  If  you  can  tell 
Mr.  A  that  you  have  a  book  in  the  library  which 
you  know  that  he  would  like,  and  if  his  ex- 
pectations of  the  book  are  realized,  he  will 
always  remember  it  gratefully,  and  the  first 
step  toward  gaining  his  confidence  will  have 
been  made. 

If  there  are  a  large  number  of  workingmen 
among  the  users  of  the  library,  you  will  gain 
their  confidence  by  placing  in  their  hands  such 
books  as  will  naturally  interest  and  benefit 
them  in  their  trade.  In  such  a  manner  a 
mutual  personal  relation  between  library  and 
reader  is  established,  and  it  will  be  found  that 
such  relations  will  be  lasting  and  fruitful  in 
their  results. 

Even  the  inveterate  novel-reader  must  be 
treated  with  due  consideration,  and  he  or  she 
will  gratefully  accept  the  better  novel  for  the 
good  —  only  be  sure  that  it  is  really  a  better 
novel,  that  is  to  say,  more  suitable  for  the  per- 
son who  is  to  read  it. 

I  presume  all  these  efforts  for  advancing 
and  improving  the  character  of  reading  by  per- 
sonal attention  are  more  feasible  in  a  small 
library  than  in  a  very  large  one.  But  each  li- 
brary willing  to  fill  its  mission  will  find  some 
persons  who  can  be  guided  and  influenced. 

Efforts  to  influence  a  large  number  of  read- 
ers to  better  appreciation  and  use  of  the  library 
will  first  consist  in  the  co-operation  of  library 
and  school.  There  has  been  a  great  deal 
written  and  said  about  this,  and  bibliothecal 
literature  suggests  various  ways  in  which  li- 
braries have  made  themselves  useful  to  the 
public  schools.  A  word,  however,  may  be  al- 
lowed in  this  connection  about  the  library  in- 
fluencing teachers.  While  it  would  be  unwise 
for  the  librarian  or  his  assistants  to  try  to 
direct  the  teachers'  general  reading,  the 
teacher  does  not  and  cannot  know  the  re- 
sources of  the  library  in  advancing  his  inter- 
ests as  a  teacher  in  his  individual  school. 
Here  personal  acquaintance  with  the  teacher 
is  the  only  remedy.  The  catalogs  and  lists 
may  be  ever  so  well  arranged,  and  cross-refer- 
ences and  notes  may  be  scholarly  and  explicit  ; 
still  the  majority  of  teachers  will  be  at  loss 
what  to  ask  for,  where  to  find  just  exactly  what 


February >,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


79 


they  want.  Even  if  admitted  to  the  shelves, 
the  large  number  of  books  will  bewilder  them, 
and  the  natural  limit  of  time  will  prevent  a 
very  careful  selection.  And  only  direct  per- 
sonal influence,  with  a  knowledge  of  the  school 
curriculum  on  the  one  hand  and  a  knowledge 
of  the  resources  of  the  educational  department 
of  the  library  on  the  other,  will  bring  the  right 
book  in  the  right  hands  at  the  right  time. 

If  you  cannot  influence  the  teachers  in  your 
school,  make  yourself  acquainted  with  the 
superintendent  and  principal.  Find  out  what 
they  expect  of  their  teachers  and  of  the  school, 
and  the  influence  of  the  superintendent  and 
principal  will  be  with  you  in  each  case,  and  in 
a  short  time  you  will  find  that  the  teachers 
will  use  the  library  systematically  and  to  mu- 
tual benefit  of  all  parties  concerned,  namely, 
teacher,  school,  and  library. 

To  improve  the  general  character  of  reading 
of  larger  groups  of  readers,  the  librarian  must 
take  an  active  interest  in  all  societies  that  are 
formed  for  mutual  improvement  by  study  and 
research.  I  recall  when  the  library  which  I 
have  the  honor  to  represent  contained  only  a 
few  thousand  volumes  (it  is  not  very  large  now) 
that  it  was  very  difficult  to  aid  and  direct  study 
classes,  reading  circles,  and  debating  clubs  in 
their  work,  and  after  careful  investigation  I 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  only  way  in 
which  a  small  library  can  make  itself  felt  in 
these  societies  and  be  of  use  to  them  is  by  in- 
fluencing the  topic  or  program  committee  to 
compile  their  programs  at  the  library,  and  thus 
instead  of  asking  afterward  for  what  the  li- 
brary has  not,  make  use  of  the  books  which 
the  library  has,  no  matter  how  few. 

The  next  step  in  the  directing  to  good  litera- 
ture is  the  effort  of  the  library  to  furnish  in- 
formation on  such  topics  as  are  of  current 
interest.  If  America  is  interested  in  Venezuela 
let  the  library  make  it  known  through  the 
local  papers  and  through  special  lists  that 
it  has  books  on  this  subject.  If  Cuba  is 
the  topic  of  the  day,  let  the  same  thing  be 
done  for  Cuba.  If  currency  is  the  all-absorbing 
subject,  have  all  pamphlets  and  magazine  ar- 
ticles at  your  disposal  that  will  give  informa- 
tion on  both  sides  of  the  question,  and  you  will 
find  that  without  any  further  efforts  the  public 
at  large  will  make  use  of  the  library  in  other 
ways  than  for  recreation  only. 

A  word  might  be  said  regarding  the  recrea- 
tive reading  furnished  by  the  library.  It  is  an 
acknowledged  fact  that  a  large  proportion  of 


the  books  issued  by  public  libraries  is  popular 
fiction.  This  is  only  proper,  and  here  the  li- 
brary may  exert  a  healthful  influence  by  guid- 
ing unconsciously  the  readers  to  the  very  best 
kind  of  fiction,  simply  by  constantly  bringing 
the  very  best  novels  before  them  for  selection. 
I  believe  it  is  far  better,  instead  of  admitting  the 
so-called  "novel  fiend"  to  the  shelves,  where 
he  or  she  will  only  be  embarrassed  by  the  large 
number,  to  keep  near  to  the  delivery-desk  a 
number  of  carefully-selected  novels  and  hand 
these  to  any  reader  who  is  willing  to  select  from 
books.  In  this  manner,  without  giving  offence, 
the  character  of  the  reading  of  this  class  of 
readers  will  gradually  be  improved. 

The  compilation,  and  if  possible,  the  publica- 
tion, either  through  the  daily  press  or  other- 
wise, of  lists  of  good  books,  be  they  new  or 
old,  will  bring  before  the  eye,  not  only  of  the 
user  of  the  library  but  the  public  at  large, 
the  best  books  in  the  various  departments  of 
literature  that  the  library  contains. 

But  what  can  the  library  do  for  those  hun- 
dreds of  readers  who  never  come  near  it,  and 
are,  as  it  were,  beyond  its  influence  ?  There  is 
one  thing  certain,  that  a  large  majority  of  those 
who  do  not  use  the  library  are  buying  litera- 
ture of  some  kind  or  another.  Curious  to  ob- 
serve this,  I  once  spent  a  Saturday  evening  in 
one  of  the  local  book-stores  in  order  to  see 
what  is  bought  and  who  buys  reading-matter. 
This  reading-matter  varied  from  the  Police 
News  up  to  the  fashion  paper,  from  the  Beadle 
novel  through  all  the  grades  of  paper-covered 
novels  up  to  George  Eliot's  "Romola."  And 
here  the  problem  presented  itselfto  me:  What 
can  we  do  to  reach  these  readers? 

Soon  after  I  called  upon  the  book-dealers  of 
the  place,  and  offered  them  the  use  of  our  trade 
literature,  and  in  this  manner  making  the  libra- 
ry useful  to  the  local  book  trade,  I  called  their 
attention  to  the  fact  that  if  they  were  willing  to 
co-operate  with  the  library  they  certainly  could 
improve  the  character  of  reading ;  first,  by  bring- 
ing before  their  customers  the  best  class  of 
periodicals  only,  and  by  calling  their  attention 
to  the  best  and  newest  books.  Whenever  a 
good  book  is  published,  and  I  anticipate  the 
demand  for  it  to  become  quite  large,  I  inform 
the  local  dealers  of  such  works,  and  in  this 
manner  those  that  do  not  use  the  library  virtu- 
ally come  within  its  influence.  Last  year  a 
prominent  merchant  selected  at  the  library  his 
Christmas  stock  of  literature  for  his  depart- 
ment store. 


8o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


As  far  as  it  came  under  my  observation,  I 
am  led  to  believe  that  since  the  establishment 
of  the  library  in  our  place  the  public  at  large 
have  purchased  more  and  better  books  than 
they  ever  did  before.  I  know  that  there  have 
been  placed  in  our  city  outside  of  the  library 
five  complete  sets  of  Duruy's  histories  of  Rome 
and  Greece,  de  luxe  edition;  over  200  sets  of 
cyclopaedias;  excellent  editions  of  Ruskin, 
Hugo,  Dumas,  Scott;  also  de  luxe  editions  of 
•the  Riverside  classics,  and  a  large  numbtr  of 
valuable  illustrated  books  on  art  and  books  of 
reference;  which  purchases  would  never  have 
been  made  had  it  not  been  for  the  quiet  elevat- 
•  ing  influence  of  the  library. 

While  I  have  no  means  of  ascertaining  how 
far  similar  work  can  be  done  by  libraries  in 
large  cities,  I  recall  that  Mr.  Hild,  of  the  Chi- 
cago Public  Library,  has  made  similar  state- 


ments of  the  work  and  influence  of  his  excel- 
lent library. 

There  is  one  thing  certain,  that  the  librarian 
and  his  staff  are  responsible  for  the  success 
or  failure  of  this  influence.  If  the  librarian 
will  sit  still  in  his  chair  and  allow  the  public 
simply  to  help  themselves,  but  very  little  of 
this  work  will  be  done.  But  with  a  librari- 
an willing  to  do  his  duty,  and  with  faithful  as- 
sistants, wide  awake  to  their  possibilities,  and 
sympathizing  with  the  reader  and  with  the 
interests  of  the  community,  a  great  deal  can  be 
accomplished. 

In  conclusion,  but  one  more  remark,  and  that 
is,  no  matter  how  well,  no  matter  how  faith- 
fully the  work  may  be  done,  there  always  re- 
mains more  to  be  done.  Let  us  hope  that 
to-morrow  will  be  better  than  to-day,  and  the 
future  brighter  than  the  past. 


THE    LIBRARIAN    AND    THE    PATRIOTIC    SOCIETIES. 
BY  ANGELINE  SCOTT,  Public  Library,  South  Norwalk,  Ct. 


AMONG  the  many  questions  brought  for  solu- 
tion to  the  public  library,  there  is  one  class  of 
inquiries  on  which  the  librarian  is  prone  —  and 
fairly  —  to  look  askance. 

The  real  student  who  uses  books  with  a 
workman's  knowledge  of  his  tools,  or  the  ig- 
norant but  eager  seeker  of  information  who 
has  to  be  guided  along  the  highways  and  by- 
ways of  research,  never  fail  of  a  cordial  wel- 
come; but  the  prize-question  people  who  wish 
to  find  out  "Which  president's  mother  has 
a  famous  living  namesake?"  or  "  Which  pres- 
ident's father  was  a  sexton?"  and  the  man 
who  has  just  begun  to  take  an  interest  in  his 
grandfathers,  are  not  as  welcome  visitors  to 
the  library.  The  expert  genealogist  is  the 
keenest  wilted  of  men  in  unearthing  what  he 
wants  ;  but  an  awful  record  of  valuable  time 
misused  is  written  against  the  people  who  per- 
sist in  first  recounting  what  they  know  about 
their  forebears  and  then  extracting  unwilling 
labor  from  a  busy  librarian  in  order  to  glean 
scanty  information  about  some  ancestor  un- 
known to  fame.  Undoubtedly  the  historical 
activities  of  such  a  person  may  be  traced  to  one 
of  the  patriotic  societies  which  make  Colonial 
or  Revolutionary  or  1812  ancestry  a  condition 
of  membership;  and,  if  the  information  we 
procure  for  this  inquirer  simply  makes  him 
think  more  highly  of  himself  than  he  ought  to 
think,  and  serves  no  educational  purpose,  we 


may  well  shift  the  burden  of  such   work   on 
other  shoulders. 

But  there  is  another  side  to  the  question. 
Quoting  from  the  historical  sketch  of  one  such 
society,  concerning  its  object:  "A  spirit  of 
reverence  for  American  traditions  seized  many 
minds  within  the  last  few  years,  which  became 
embodied  in  the  organizations  of  the  descend- 
ants of  American  patriots  ;  with  the  object  of 
saving  such  precious  relics,  traditions,  rec- 
ords, and  associations  with  particular  places 
as  might  be  preserved."  Here  is  where  the 
public  library  and  the  patriotic  society  meet 
on  common  ground.  The  merely  personal  in- 
terest unlocks  an  unused  door  into  the  past  and 
often  discloses  a  surprising  amount  of  local 
history  in  miniature.  Sometimes  a  man  who 
has  utterly  lacked  public  spirit  comes  to  be 
very  proud  of  his  birthplace  when  he  studies 
the  old  records  and  neglected  histories  for  some 
personal  reason;  and  out  of  this  newly-kindled 
respect,  is  led  to  make  the  town  some  memorial 
gift;  perhaps  a  library  building,  a  collection  of 
Americana,  an  historical  museum.  The  school- 
boy is  stimulated  by  what  he  learns  in  compet- 
ing for  the  prize  essay  written  for  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution,  to  begin  reading 
history  with  a  more  vivid  sense  of  its  reality. 
The  thought  of  Indians  here  in  Connecticut 
and  the  traces  left  of  them  prove  to  him 
as  interesting  as  the  modern  Indian  of  the 


February^  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


81 


plains;  so  that,  beginning  at  home,  his  interest 
extends  to  the  general  condition  of  the  country 
at  a  given  period  and  the  relation  of  that  pe- 
riod to  the  history  of  the  nation. 

It  seems  as  if  the  patriotic  societies  should 
be  valuable  allies  in  strengthening  the  public 
library  in  the  department  of  local  history. 

The  importance  of  this  department  is  em- 
phasized by  Justin  Winsor,  R.  G.  Thwaites, 
and  W.  R.  Cutter,  whose  personal  experiences 
have  entitled  them  to  speak  of  the  value  of 
local  collections  of  manuscripts,  documents, 
deeds,  correspondence,  and  ephemeral  pam- 
phlets. Mr.  Cutter  exhorts  the  librarian  to  col- 
lect exhaustively  and  to  save  tenaciously  every 
book,  pamphlet,  map,  or  scrap  of  printed  mat- 
ter relating  to  the  town.  Mr.  Thwaites  has  the 
daily  and  weekly  papers  scanned  at  odd  min- 
utes for  historical  material  by  the  attendant  at 
the  book-counter  of  the  Wisconsin  State  His- 
torical Library. 

Another  task  commended  to  the  attention  of 
librarians  is  that  of  making  a  bibliography  of 
local  history,  books  written  about  the  town  or 
containing  allusions  to  it,  pamphlets  with  ad- 
dresses, sermons,  etc.,  not  forgetting  thepress 
of  the  town.  In  Woburn,  Mass.,  a  very  valua- 
ble collection  of  original  matter  has  been  gath- 
ered, including  lists  of  Revolutionary  soldiers 
and  old  deeds  which  have  been  of  much  service 
in  tracing  the  descent  of  property.  A  former 
town  clerk,  a  postmaster,  and  a  physician  ac- 
cumulated the  mass  of  material,  which  Mr.  W. 
R.  Cutter  has  indexed  and  made  available  for 
reference.* 

All  of  these  expedients  for  collecting  local 
history  require  a  good  deal  of  watchful  labor, 
and  the  enthusiasm  of  the  hobbyist  would  be 
invaluable  in  discovering  the  hiding-places  of 
the  old  papers  and  relics  and  in  cataloging  them. 
Somebody  must  tactfully  induce  people  to  give 
such  material  to  the  library,  and  how  can  the 
librarian  undertake  so  much  extra  work  un- 
aided ? 

Here  comes  in  the  utility  of  the  patriotic  so- 
ciety to  the  library.  Many  of  the  societies  do 
not  have  libraries  belonging  to  their  organiza- 
tions, and  the  interested  members  might  do 
nearly  all  of  the  work  of  collecting  and  classify- 
ing the  material  if  the  librarian  would  provide 
for  its  preservation  and  suggest  the  working 
methods.  In  one  instance  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution  aimed  to  have,  some  day, 


*  In  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  of  May,  1896,  Mr.  Cutter 
describes  a  method  he  has  devised  for  a  genealogical  in- 
dex in  the  form  of  a  card  catalog. 


an  historical  library,  and  began  the  accumula- 
tion of  books  on  local  and  state  history.  They 
placed  their  bookcase  in  the  public  library, 
where  the  books  may  be  used  for  reference 
until  the  society  is  able  to  support  a  chapter 
library.  Where  there  is  an  assembly-room  con- 
nected with  the  library,  the  societies  might 
repeat,  for  the  general  public,  interesting  pro- 
grams which  had  been  prepared  for  the  chap- 
ter meetings.  It  would  also  be  possible  to 
arrange  loan  exhibits  of  colonial  pottery,  sil- 
ver, furniture,  and  the  like,  if  the  library  has 
an  available  room  for  the  "purpose.  Arti- 
cles exhibited  should  be  labelled  in  such  a  way 
as  to  lead  those  interested  to  the  books  in  the 
library,  which  would  give  more  information 
about  them. 

The  chief  difficulty  reported  from  a  large 
number  of  librarians  who  have  made  an  effort 
along  these  lines,  is  the  apathy  of  the  public 
which  might  supply  the  material  wanted  for 
local  history.  The  alert  librarian  needs  no 
urging  to  undertake  the  development  of  this 
department  of  library  work,  if  he  is  encouraged 
by  gifts  which  need  to  be  cared  for. 

At  some  time  when  the  library  has  been  use- 
ful to  a  local  patriotic  society  in  providing 
genealogical  and  historical  data,  while  the 
members  of  it  are  holding  the  service  in  grate- 
ful remembrance,  let  the  librarian  show  the 
society  how  much  good  historical  work  it  may 
do  for  the  library. 

Excepting  books  (and  not  always  excepting 
them)  the  material  should  be  given  the  library 
so  that  the  ordinary  funds  may  not  be  diverted 
from  the  purchase  of  books  in  general  and 
constant  demand.  This  is  the  implied  criticism 
of  the  "  Plea  for  local  history"  in  the  propored 
"  Library  primer"  ;  while  it  commends  in  a  rath- 
er half-hearted  way,  it  must  be  confessed,  the 
bringing  of  societies  organized  for  the  purpose 
of  collecting  historical  material  into  co-opera- 
tive relations  with  the  library.  Mr.  Thwaites 
has  entered  a  vigorous  protest  against  slight- 
ing local  history  by  inference  in  the  "  Primer," 
which  was  published  in  Public  Libraries,  June, 
1896;  and  in  closing  he  insists  that  the  libra- 
rian of  a  community  is  best  equipped  for  this 
task.  In  the  one  department  of  the  history  and 
bibliography  of  its  own  locality  it  is  possible 
for  the  smallest  country  library  to  excel  the 
great  metropolitan  library  — all  of  which  only 
places  the  responsibility  of  accomplishing  the 
work  on  the  librarian;  and  if  he  can  enlist  the 
assistance  of  whatever  historical  and  patriotic 
societies  exist  in  his  town,  so  much  the  better. 


82 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


THE  GATHERING  OF    LOCAL  HISTORY 
MATERIALS  BY  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES. 

AT  the  Ashland  meeting  of  the  Wisconsin 
Library  Association,  held  Nov.  13,  1896,  R. 
G.  Thwaites,  secretary  of  the  Wisconsin  His- 
torical Society,  and  one  of  the  members  of 
the  state  free  library  commission,  spoke  on 
"  The  gathering  of  local  history  materials  by 
public  libraries."  His  remarks  were  so  practi- 
cally useful  in  scope  and  subject,  that  a  brief 
synopsis  of  the  address  is  here  given  to  a  wider 
audience  than  that  to  which  it  was  originally 
presented. 

There  is  always  a  deep  and  general  popular 
interest  in  old  pamphlets,  newspaper  files,  and 
the  odds  and  ends  of  printed  matter  issued 
in  ephemeral  form,  provided  they  are  old 
enough  to  have  ceased  to  be  commonplace. 
That  with  which  we  are  all  familiar  is  com- 
monplace, and  generally  held  in  slight  value; 
but  the  commonplaces  of  one  generation  are 
the  treasured  relics  of  the  next.  It  is  not 
mere  idle  curiosity,  this  interest  of  ours  in  the 
things  with  which  our  fathers  were  familiar. 
Relics  in  museums  enable  us  more  accurately 
in  imagination  to  re-dress  the  stage  of  history; 
but  the  literary  ephemera  of  other  days,  pre- 
served in  libraries,  are  still  more  valuable  as 
mirrors  of  the  past.  The  chance  advertise- 
ment in  the  old  newspaper,  the  tattered  play- 
bill, the  quaintly-phrased  pamphlet,  or  musty 
diary  or  letter  of  a  former  time,  mean  more  to 
the  modern  historian  than  any  other  form  of 
historical  record.  In  earlier  days  history  was 
thought  to  be  simply  the  doings  of  monarchs 
and  the  conduct  of  campaigns;  but  Macaulay 
and  Green  have  shown  us  that  the  history  of 
the  people  is  what  benefits  us  most —  how  John 
and  Mary  lived  in  their  wayside  cottage,  how 
Peter  and  Paul  bargained  in  the  market-place, 
how  the  literati  toiled  in  Grub  street,  and  how 
seafarers  journeyed  over  the  face  of  the  deep. 

Recently  Woodrow  Wilson  said,  at  the  Prince- 
ton sesqui-centennial :  "The  world's  memory 
must  be  kept  alive,  or  we  shall  never  see  an 
end  of  its  old  mistakes.  We  are  in  danger 
to  become  infantile  in  every  generation.  This 
is  the  real  menace  under  which  we  cower  in 
this  age  of  change."  It  is  the  office  of  the 
historian  to  keep  the  world's  history  alive. 
There  will  never  be  an  end  of  the  writing  of 
history.  Some  one  has  truly  said,  each  gen- 
eration must  write  all  past  history  afresh,  from 
its  own  changing  standpoint.  But  that  this 
may  continue,  and  with  increasing  advantage, 
there  must  never  be  an  end  of  accumulating 
historical  material;  each  generation  must  ac- 
cumulate its  own,  for  the  benefit  of  its  suc- 
cessor. 

In  the  libraries  of  the  old  world  there  are 
many  magnificent  collections  of  broadsides, 
leaflets,  tracts,  pamphlets,  which  earnest, 
thoughtful  men  have,  in  past  generations,  ac- 
cumulated for  our  benefit.  One  of  the  most 
notable  of  these  is  the  collection  known  as  the 
Thomason  Tracts,  in  the  British  Museum; 
30,000  specimens  of  the  literary  flotsam  and 


jetsam  of  the  middle  of  the  iyth  century  — 
pamphlets,  circulars,  prospectuses,  broadsides, 
programs,  and  what  not  — each  one  carefully 
labelled  by  the  industrious  London  bookseller, 
Thomason,  with  the  date  of  its  acquisition. 
Thus  we  have,  for  the  entire  period  of  the 
civil  war  in  England,  a  faithful  day-by-day 
picture  of  surpassing  interest  and  value,  to 
which  historians  are  ever  turning  as  to  an  in- 
haustible  mine  of  material,  and  concerning 
which  Macaulay  and  a  host  of  others  have  re- 
corded words  of  the  warmest  praise. 

In  olden  times  enterprises  of  this  character 
were  left  to  the  chance  of  individual  initiative. 
To-day  they  may  be  better,  more  systematically 
done  by  public  librarians.  It  is  not  possible, 
nor  is  it  advisable,  for  every  public  library  to 
engage  in  a  task  of  this  character  upon  any 
extended  scale.  It  is  sufficient  that  a  few  great 
libraries  undertake  missions  of  this  sort  —  li- 
braries, perhaps,  in  widely-separated  cities  — 
but  certain  it  is  that  each  public  library  can  and 
should  make  collections  of  this  character  for  its 
own  community,  and  the  library  at  the  county 
seat  should  seek  to  cover  so  far  as  may  be  its 
own  county. 

In  specifying  what  the  local  library  should 
make  a  serious  business  of  collecting,  Mr. 
Thwaites  laid  special  stress  upon  newspaper 
files,  the  daily  or  weekly  mirror  of  the  com- 
munity's life  ;  and  these  files  should,  if  possi- 
ble, be  complete  back  to  the  beginning.  He 
urged  that  all  manner  of  published  reports  be 
obtained  —  of  the  common  council,  the  county 
board  of  supervisors,  the  various  public  insti- 
tutions located  in  the  community  ;  the  pub- 
lished memorial  sermons,  society  year-books, 
printed  rules  and  constitutions  of  local  lodges, 
catalogs  and  programs  of  local  colleges  and 
academies,  published  addresses  of  every  sort  ; 
any  manner  of  literature  published  by  the 
churches,  whether  in  the  form  of  papers,  mem- 
bership lists,  appeals  for  aid,  or  what  not  ; 
programs  of  local  musicales,  concerts,  veteran 
camp-fires,  etc.,  would  be  found  in  time  to 
have  great  interest  to  the  local  historian.  In 
fact,  it  is  difficult  to  say  what  should  not  be 
collected,  for  all  of  this  printed  material  will 
prove  in  due  course  of  time  to  be  a  fund  of 
information  which  shall  make  the  library  a 
Mecca  for  all  who  wish  for  any  purpose  to  re- 
fresh their  memory  relative  to  the  life  of  the 
town. 

Just  as  we  regard  everything  familiar  as 
commonplace  and  worthless,  do  we  delude 
ourselves  with  the  notion  that  we  and  ours  are 
to  live  always.  Librarians  should  remember 
that  this  generation  and  its  affairs  are  but 
passing  phases  of  world-life  ;  in  due  course 
what  they  have  gathered  of  the  literary  drift- 
wood of  to-day  will  be  of  priceless  value  to 
their  successors  in  office.  All  of  us  librarians 
are  missionaries  unto  the  present  generation  ; 
but  let  us,  in  our  zeal  for  present  results,  not 
forget  to  be  as  well  missionaries  unto  the  fut- 
ure, and  thereby  earn  the  praise  which  comes 
to  him  who  plants  a  tree  for  the  delectation  of 
those  who  come  after. 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


BOOKS  OF  1896.  —  I. 

"THE  best  books  of  1896  for  a  small  library  " 
were  discussed  and  criticised  at  the  meeting  of 
the  New  York  Library  Association  and  the  New 
York  Library  Club  on  Jan.  14.  The  session 
occupied  the  greater  part  of-  the  afternoon, 
and  was  closely  modelled  on  the  A.  L.  A.  cata- 
log discussion  at  Cleveland.  A  provisional 
list  of  489  of  the  leading  books  of  1896  had 
been  prepared  at  the  New  York  State  Library, 
and  copies  were  distributed  to  those  present  at 
the  meeting.  The  various  classes  of  literature 
were  presented  by  different  reviewers,  who 
were,  however,  not  limited  in  tbeir  choice  to 
the  printed  list,  to  which  additions  were  made 
by  nearly  every  speaker.  There  was  much 
less  discussion  than  at  the  book  discussion 
evening  at  Cleveland,  but  the  session  proved 
most  interesting  and  suggestive.  The  develop- 
ment of  these  "book-talks"  as  a  feature  of  li- 
brary meetings  within  the  past  two  years 
indicates  that  they  possess  a  definite  practical 
value  to  the  librarian  who  must  know  what 
books  to  put  in  his  library,  and  who  has  but 
little  time  in  which  to  acquire  that  knowledge. 
It  shows  also  that  in  addition  to  regarding  the 
book  from  the  outside,  as  an  object  to  be 
classified,  cataloged,  labelled,  and  cared  for, 
time  can  be  well  and  profitably  spared,  in  li- 
brary meetings,  to  look  upon  it  from  within  — 
as  literature. 

The  following  list  gives  the  books  in  the  di- 
visions of  Reference,  Philosophy  and  ethics, 
Religion,  Social  science,  Natural  science  and 
useful  arts,  and  Fine  art,  as  presented  at  the 
meeting,  with  brief  comment  by  the  reviewer. 
It  will  be  followed  in  a  succeeding  issue  by  the 
books  in  the  remaining  classes. 

-     BOOKS   OF   REFERENCE. 

Presented  by  W.  T.  Peoples,  N.  Y.  Mercan- 
tile Library.     A  selection  only  of  the  titles  list- 
ed by  Mr.  Peoples  is  given. 
American  book-prices  current ;   comp.  by  L.  S. 
Livingston.     Dodd.     net,  $6. 
The   arrangement  comprises  7500  lots  (106 
sales)  and  is  in  one  alphabet  by  author. 
American  catalogue  of  books  recorded  July  i, 
1890,  to  June  30,  1895.    pts.  1-4-    Pub.  Week- 
ly.    $15. 
Book -prices   current.      London,   Stock.      net, 

$7.70. 

Bowerman,  G:  Franklin,  ctmp.  Selected  bib- 
liography of  the  religious  denominations  of 
the  U.  S. ;  to  which  is  added  a  list  of  the 
most  important  Catholic  works  of  the  world, 
comp.  by  J.  H.  McMahon.  Cathedral  Lib. 
Assoc.  75  c. 

Gives  in  systematic  form  references  to  the 
best  books  on  the  history,  doctrine,  and  polity 
of  Am.  churches,  with  publishers  and  prices. 
Verzeichnis  der  im  deutschen  Buchhandel  neu 
erschienenen    u.    neu    auferlegten    Biicher, 
Landkarten,    Zeitschriften,   etc.,   July -De- 
cember, 1895,  and  January- June,  1806. 
[Catalogue  of  books,  etc.,  published  in   Ger- 
many from  July-Dec.,  1895,  and  Jan. -June, 
1896.]     Leipzig,  Hinrichs.     7.7001. 


A  complete  bibliography  of  German  books 
for  sale;  each  volume  in  two  parts,  ist  part  an 
alphabetical  list  of  authors,  etc.,  2d  part  sub- 
iect  index. 

Cumulative  index  to  selected  list  of  periodicals. 
Cleveland  Public  Library,     subs.,  $5. 
30  periodicals  were  indexed  in  1896  ;   in  1897 
_t  is  proposed  to  index  100. 
Dalbiac,  P.  H.     Dictionary  of  quotations  (Eng- 
lish), with  author  and  subject  indexes.    Mac- 
millan.     $2. 

Dewey,  Melvil,  ed.  Papers  prepared  for  the 
World's  Library  Congress,  held  at  the  Co- 
lumbian Exposition.  (U.  S.  Bureau  of  Edu- 
cation reprint,  whole  no.  224.)  Washing- 
ton, n.  p. 

Griffin,  A.  P.  C.  Index  of  the  literature  of 
Am.  local  history  in  collections  published  in 
1890-1895.  Bost.,  Heintzman.  $5. 
Harper's  dictionary  of  classical  literature  and 
antiquities  ;  ed.  by  Harry  Thurston  Peck. 
Harper.  £6. 

The  purpose  of  the  book  is  to  give  the  stu- 
dent, in  a  concise  and  intelligible  form,  the 
essential  facts  concerning  those  questions  that 
oftenest  arise  in  the  study  of  the  life,  the 
literature,  the  religion,  and  the  art  of  classical 
antiquity. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute.     Index  to  v. 
121-140.     Phila.,  Franklin  Institute.     $1.50. 
Supplements  the  general  index  to  the  first 
120  v.,  published  in  1890. 

Koopman,    Harry   Lyman.      The   mastery   of 
books.     Am.  Book  Co.     90  c. 
Containing   why  and    how  much    to    read, 
what  to  read,  how  to  read  ;    reference-books 
and  periodicals,  etc.,  etc. 

Lueger,  Otto.  Lexicon  der  gesammten  tech- 
nik  und  ihrer  hilfswissenschaften.  v.  1-3. 
Stuttgart,  Deutsche  Verlagsanstalt.  30  m. 
per  v. 

A  technical  dictionary  on  industry,  technolo- 
gy, and  all  useful  arts. 

Peabody  Institute  Library.  Second  catalog, 
incl.  additions  made  since  1882.  pt.  I,  A-  B. 
Baltimore,  Peabody  Inst. 

Pirrie,  V.,  comp.  A  technical  dictionary  of 
sea-terms,  phrases  and  words  in  the  Eng. 
and  French  languages.  Scribner.  $2. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  economics.  Index  of 
writers  and  subjects,  v.  i-io,  1886-96. 
Bost.  Ellis,  subs. 

Sargent,  Mary  E.  a«</Abby  L.    Supplement  to 
"  Reading  for  the  young,"  by  John  F.  Sar- 
gent.    Library  Bureau.     $r. 
Scott,  Temple,  ed.    Book  sales  of  1895.    Lond., 
Cockrane.     net,  £12.6. 

Comprises  5695  lots  of  books  sold  in  London; 
single  lots  arranged  alphabetically. 
Taylor,  I.     Names  and  their  histories.     Mac- 
millan.     $2. 

An  alphabetical  arrangement  as  a  handbook 
of  historical  geography  and  topographical  no- 
menclature. 

United  States.  Catalogue  of  the  public  docu- 
ments of  the  53d  Congress  and  of  all  the 
departments  of  the  government  of  the  U.  S. 
for  the  period  from  March  4,  1893 -June  30, 
1895;  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  the 


84 


THE  L1BRAR  Y  JO  URNAL 


[February,  '97 


Superintendent  of  Documents.    Washington, 
Gov.  Print.  Office,     n.  p. 

Wood,  Katharine  P.,  comp.     Quotations  for  oc- 
casions.   Century.    $1.50. 
Arranged  and  indexed  under  subjects;  the 
book  contains  about  2500  quotations,  covering 
all  parts  of  a  dinner  menu,  and  special  selec- 
tions for  men's  dinners,  dances,  etc. 

PHILOSOPHY  AND  ETHICS. 

Reviewed  by  E.  C.  Richardson,  Princeton 
University. 

Harris,  G.    Moral  evolution.    Houghton.  $2. 
Hirsch.W.    Genius  and  degeneration.     Apple- 
ton.     $3.50. 

Jordan,  D:  S.    Care  and  culture  of  men.    Whit- 
taker.    $1.50. 

Sully,  James.     Studies  of  childhood.     Apple- 
ton.     $2.50. 

These  four  books  are   first-class  works  by 
first-class  authors,  and  are  especially  vouched 
for  by  Prof.  Warren,  of  Princeton. 
Bigelow,  J:    Mystery  of  sleep.     Harper.    $1.50. 
Horton,  R.  F.     On  the  art  of  living  together. 

Dodd.    50  c. 

Whitney,  Mrs.  A.  D.  T.  Friendly  letters  to 
girlfriends.  Houghton.  $1.25. 
Undoubtedly  good  books  for  what  they  were 
intended.  Mr.  Bigelow's  work  has,  perhaps, 
a  little  too  much  of  the  "mystery"  part  of  its 
title;  Dr.  Horton's,  while  cleverly  written,  as 
usual,  is,  perhaps,  no  better  than  than  some  of 
his  other  works.  These  three  books  might  be 
omitted  from  a  library  in  order  to  admit  three 
others  which  are  more  important  than  any  pre- 
viously noted.  These  are: 

1.  Weber,   Alfr.     History  of  philosophy;  au- 

thorized tr.  by  F.  Thilly.     Scribner.     net, 

$2.50. 

Valuable  for  every  library,  targe  or  small; 
for  subject-matter,  arrangement,  style,  and 
readableness  it  is  the  best  outline  history  of 
philosophy  that  we  have  in  English. 

2.  Titchener,    E:    B.     Outline   of   psychology. 

Macmillan.     net,  $1.50. 

Regarded  as  less  readable  than  Weber,  but 
the  only  really  good  up-to-date  complete  out- 
line of  the  modern  psychology,  in  which  there 
has  been  so  much  change  and  progress  of  late. 
I  find  it  exceedingly  interesting  as  well. 

3.  Butler,  Jos.    Works;  ed.  by  W:  E.  Gladstone. 

2  v.     Macmillan.     net,  $7. 
For    form,    arrangement,    annotation,    and 
especially   for  luminous    paragraph    headings 
which  are  inserted,  it  is  a  model  edition,  and 
is  bound  to  be  the  standard  one  for  libraries. 

RELIGION. 

Reviewed  by  E.  C.   Richardson,   Princeton 
University. 
Abbott,  Lyman.     Christianity  and  social  prob- 

problems.     Houghton.     $1.25. 

Generally  received  as  distinctly  the  best  sys- 
tematic attempt  to  show  the  direct  bearing  of 
Christ's  life   and   teaching   on  social  matters; 
scholarly,  practicable,  readable. 
Abrahams,  Israel.    Jewish  life  in  the  Middle 

Ages.     Macmillan.     $1.75. 

Packed  with  valuable  information. 


Coyle,  J:  P.     The  spirit  in  literature  and  life. 

Houghton.     $1.50. 

A  stimulating  book. 
Davids,  T.  W.   R.     Buddhism,  its  history  and 

literature.     Putnam.     $1.50. 

Perhaps  the  best  book  on  the  science  of  re- 
ligion during  the  year  for  use  in  general  libra- 
ries ;  candid  and  careful. 

Donald,  E.  W.    Expansion  of  religion.    Hough- 
ton.     $1.50. 

Lectures;  forcible,  readable,  brusque  in  style 
to  the  point  of  abruptness  ;  belongs  to  liberal 
school. 
Froude,  J.   A.     Lectures    on  the   Council    of 

Trent.     Scribner.     $2. 

Necessary  in  every  well-regulated  library. 
Moulton,  R:  G.     Literary  study  of  the  Bible. 

Heath.     $2. 
and  others.       The     Bible     as     literature. 

Crowell.     $1.50. 

Moulton  in  his  various  works  on  the  Bible  as 
literature  is  doing  important  work,  almost  too 
well  known  to  mention  ;  his  booki  are  useful, 
though  perhaps  it  is  not  necessary  for  the  small 
library  to  have  all  of  them. 
Schurman,  J.  G.  Agnosticism  and  religion. 

Scribner.     $i. 

Interesting;  unconservative. 
Shields,    C:   W.,   and  others.     Church    unity. 

Scribner.     $i. 

Five  lectures  by  men  of  different  denomina- 
tions. 
Van  Dyke,  H:  J.     Gospel  for  an  age  of  doubt. 

Macmillan.    $1.75. 

Excellent  from  every  point  of  view,  and  so 
excellent  from  a  literary  point  of  view  as  to 
make  it  doubly  profitable. 

Vincent,  M.    R.     Age  of  Hildebrand.     Chris- 
tian Literature  Co.     $1.50. 

An  example  of  historial  work  made  interest- 
ing by  an  interesting  style. 
Watson,  J:     Cure  of  souls.     Dodd.     $1.50. 
Mind  of  the  Master.     Dodd.    $1.50. 

Both  well  written  and  practical  ;  the  former 
is  exceedingly  helpful,  beyond  most  books  of 
the  sort,  to  theological  students  or  ministers. 
White,  A.  D.     History  of  the  warfare  of  sci- 
ence with   theology   in  Christendom.     2   v. 

Appleton.    $5. 

Unacceptable  to  the  most  orthodox,  but  shows 
less  anti-religious  and  even  anti-theological  bias 
than  Dr.  White  has  sometimes  been  credited 
with,  and  is  a  valuable  contribution. 

The  whole  list  in  theology  is  good,  and  to 
none  of  the  books  listed  can  exception  be  taken. 
If  any  must  be  omitted  to  make  room  for  others 
the  following  might  be  spared: 
Farrar,  F.  W.,  and  others.     The  Bible  and  the 

child.     Macmillan.     $i. 
Guerber,   H.    A.     Legends  of  the  Virgin  and 

Christ.     Dodd.     $1.50. 
Ramsay,  W.  M.     St.  Paul.     Putnam.    $3. 

Additions  to  the  list  should  include: 

1.  Fisher,  G:  P.     History  of  Christian  doctrine. 

Scribner.     net,  $2.50. 

A  complete,  comprehensive,  judicious  sur- 
vey of  the  whole  field  in  small  compass. 

2.  Argyll,    Duke    of.      Philosophy  of    belief. 

Scribner.    $5. 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


The  crown  of  a  series,  and   received  by  au- 
thorities as  a  very  interesting  book. 
3.  Byington,  E.  H.     The  Puritan  in  England 
and  New  England.     Roberts.     $2. 

Of  special  interest  for  New  England  libraries. 
Strong,  T:  B.  Christian  ethics.  Longmans. 

$5- 

Hampton  lectures  for  1895;  somewhat  heavy  ; 
learned  and  powerful. 
Speer,  Rob.  E.     Study  of  the  man  Christ  Jesus. 

Revell.   75  c. 
Harris,  S:     God  the  creator  and  lord  of  all. 

Scribner.    net,  $5. 

Important  and  valuable,  heavy  in  theme,  in- 
teresting in  treatment. 

SOCIAL   SCIENCE. 

Reviewed   by  Prof.    Franklin  H.  Giddings- 
Columbia  University. 
Bowmaker,  E:  Housing  of  the  working  classes. 

Scribner.    fi. 

Belongs  to  the  Social  science  series,  a  series 
of  unequal  merit,  in  which  some  valuable  books 
and  some  poor  ones  have  appeared.  The 
fact  that  a  book  belongs  to  this  series  does  not 
guarantee  its  merit.  This  book  is  well  spoken 
of,  but  I  have  not  read  it. 
Bridgman,  R.  L.  Biennial  elections.  Heath. 

50  c. 

A  good  exposition  of  a  special  subject,  though 
not  of  general  interest. 
Commons,  J:  R.     Proportional  representation. 

Crowell.    $1.75. 

An  excellent  presentation  of  the  subject. 
Cowles,  J.  L:   A  general  freight  and  passenger 

post.     Putnam.     75  c. 

A  treatise  too  special  in  character  to  be  gen- 
erally needed  by  libraries. 
Cunningham,  W:     Modern  civilization  in  some 

of  its  economic  aspects.     Scribner.     $i. 

Good  on  superficial  aspects  of  the  subject. 
Dickinson,  G.  L.     Development  of  Parliament 

during  the  iqth  century.    Longman's.    $2.50. 

A  useful  book  on  a  subject  that  is  naturally 
of  limited  interest;  necessary  to  a  library. 
Dixon,  F.  H.     State  railroad  control,   with  a 

history  of  its  development  in  Iowa.     Crowell. 

$1-75. 

Useful;  but  so  special  in  its  relation  to  a 
single  state  as  to  make  it  of  less  general  value. 
Ede,  W.  M.  Attitude  of  the  church  to  some  of 

the  social  problems  of  town  life.     Macmillan. 

net,  70  c. 

Relative   in  its  point  of  view,  the  Hulsean 
lectures  of  1895;  fair. 
Fairbanks,  Arthur.     Introduction  to  sociology. 

Scribner.     $2. 

In  many  respects  a  good  book,  but  not  com- 
pletely worked  out. 
Ferri,  Enrico.     Criminal  sociology.     Appleton. 

$1.50. 

The  best  book  for  the  general  reader  who 
wants  to  know  something  of  the  Italian  school 
of  criminology;  deals  with  the  problem  in  a 
large  way,  and  is  better  balanced  than  Lom- 
broso's  works  on  the  subject. 
Flint,  Robert.  Socialism.  Lippincott.  $3.25. 

Superficial;  should  not  be  the  only  book  on 
the  subject  in  any  library. 


Follett,  M.  P.     The  speaker  of  the  House   of 
Representatives.     Longmans.     $1.75. 
One  of  the  best  books  of  the  year;  a  stand- 
ard treatise  on  a  subject  that  has  not  received 
special  attention. 
Godkin,  E.  L.     Problems  of  modern  democracy. 

Scribner.    $2. 

An  admirable  work. 
Hadley,  A.  T.     Economics.     Putnam.     $2.50. 

Intended  as  a  college  text-book,  and  is  used 
by  teachers  who  have  time  to  take  classes 
through  two  books  as  the  more  advanced  work. 
Gives  the  elementary  principles  of  the  subject, 
and  discusses  everything  in  close  relation  to 
the  questions  of  the  time.  Contains  a  thorough 
study  of  speculation. 
Hobson,  J:  A.  Problem  of  the  unemployed. 

Scribner.     $i. 

Thoroughly  good;   the  best  small  book  on 
the  subject. 
Howe,  F:  C.     Taxation  and  taxes  in  the  U.  S. 

under  the   internal   revenue   system,   1791- 

1895.     Crowell.     $1.75. 

One   of   the   necessary  books;   deals  with  a 
subject  not  covered  by  others. 
Keasbey,  L.  M.    Nicaragua  canal  and  the  Mon- 
roe doctrine.     Putnam.     $3.50. 

The  result  of  long  and  patient  study  of  our 
relations  to  Panama  and   Nicaragua;  original 
in  its  treatment  .of  economic  and  political  ques- 
tiops. 
Le  Bon,  Gustave.      The   crowd.     Macmillan. 

$1.50. 

A  study  of  the  psychology  of  crowds — the 
way  in  which  men's  emotions  and  actions  are 
influenced  by  being  massed;  extended  also  to 
include  a  study  of  legislative  and  public  as- 
semblies along  the  same  lines.  The  subject 
is  new  to  the  average  reader,  and  this  is  the 
only  book  treating  of  it  in  English.  It  is  in- 
teresting and  suggestive.  The  chief  criticism 
is  that  the  author  is  largely  indebted  for  his 
material  to  Prof.  Tarde,  his  countryman,  and 
has  not  made  due  acknowledgment  of  the  fact. 
Lecky,  W:  E.  H.  Democracy  and  liberty. 

Macmillan.     2v.,$5. 

Interesting  and  useful;  inadequate  from  the 
standpoint  of  democracy,  but  fair. 
Lowell,  A..L.     Governments   and    parties    in 

continental   Europe.     Houghton.      2  v.,  $5. 

A  great  book;  one  of  the  occasional  books. 
Should  be  in  every  library. 
McKechnie,  W:  S.     The  state  and  the  individ- 
ual,    Macmillan.     $3. 

Should  not  go  into  small  libraries;  superficial. 
McPherson,  L.  G.  The  monetary  and  banking 

problem.     Appleton.     $i. 

Well  spoken  of;  not  known  to  reviewer. 
Nicholson,  J.  S.     Strikes  and  social  problems. 

Macmillan.     $1.25. 

Best  small  book  on  the  question. 
Patton,  J.  H.     Political   parties   in   the   U.  S. 

New  Amsterdam  Book  Co.    $1.25. 

General  in  its  treatment. 
Seats,  Hamblen.     Governments  of  the  world 

to-day.     Flood.     $1.75. 

A  Chautauqua  book;  fair  and  clear. 
Spahr,  C.  B.     Essay  on  the  present  distribution 

of  wealth  in  the  U.  S.    Crowell.    $1.50. 


86 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


A  book  that  must  be  had  as  the  only  work 
dealing   with  the  question;   but  it   cannot  be 
unqualifiedly  recommended.     The  conclusions 
reached  are  frequently  unsound. 
Spencer,  Herbert.     The  principles  of  sociology, 

v.  3.     Appleton.     $2. 

Vol.  8  of  the  great  "System  of  synthetic 
philosophy,"  and  well  up  to  the  earlier  level  of 
the  works  produced  by  this  greatest  thinker  of 
modern  times.  Devotes  considerable  space  to 
modern  economic  methods,  and  points  out  that 
much  of  slavery  still  lingers  in  the  wages 
system. 

Taussig,  F.  W.     Wages  and  capital.      Apple- 
ton.     $1.50. 

Historically  good  ;    the  best  account  of  the 
wages  fund  doctrine. 
Thompson,    H.-M.      Russian   politics.     Holt. 

|2. 

A  first-class  book  ;  one  of  the  best  accounts 
of  Russian  affairs. 
Walker,    F.    A.       International    bimetallism. 

Holt.     $1.25. 

Notable  as  the  last  work  of  its  author;  a  very 
able  plea  for  bimetallism  and  the  best  book  on 
that  subject. 
Wells,  D:  A..,  and  others.     America  and  Europe. 

Putnam. 

An  admirable  series  of  articles  on  interna- 
tional arbitration  ;  Mr.  Schurz's  paper  is  espe- 
cially excellent. 

Willoughby,  W.  W.     Examination  of  the  nat- 
ure of  the  state.     Macmillan.     $3. 

Excellent;  one  of  the  best  books  of  the  sort 
ever  produced  in  this  country. 

Additions  should  include: 
Stimson,  F.  J.     Handbook  to  the  labor  laws  of 

the  U.  S.     Scribner.     $1.50. 

The  title  suggests  a  law-book,  but  this  little 
volume  gives  much  useful  information  on  boy- 
cotting, black-listing,  rights  of  strikers,  condi- 
tion of  factory  worker,  etc.,  and  would  be 
generally  useful  in  a  library. 
Chance,  W.  C.  Better  administration  of  the 

poor  laws.     Lond.,  Sonnenschein. 

A  book  that  tells  about  the  problems  of  the 
administration  of  charity  and  the  great  lessons 
to  be  drawn  from   these  matters  in  England 
under  the  old  poor  laws. 
Taylor,  H.  O.     Ancient  ideals.    2  v.     Putnam. 

$5-50. 
Gannett,    H:      Building   of  a   nation.     N.  Y., 

H:  T.  Thomas,     subs.,  $2.50. 

A  summary  of.  the  nth  census,  strongly 
commended  for  library  reference  ;  pub.  in 
1895. 

Giddings,  F.  H.    Principles  of  sociology.    Mac- 
millan.    net,  $3. 
Mallock,  W.  H.     Masses  and  classes.      Edin- 

boro,  Black. 
Pollock,  Sir  F.     First  book  of  jurisprudence. 

Macmillan. 

NATURAL  SCIENCE  AND   USEFUL  ARTS. 

Reviewed  by  T:  L.  Montgomery,  Wagner 
Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philadelphia. 

In  taking  up  the  list  of  the  books  on  sci- 
ence for  popular  libraries  one  is  always  struck 
with  the  fact  that  it  is  made  up  mostly  of 


juvenile  literature  with  a  sprinkling  of  books 
which  touch  but  lightly  upon  the  scientific  side 
of  the  subjects  they  gossip  upon,  and  are  classi- 
fied as  scientific  because  no  one  knows  where 
else  to  put  them. 

In  the  list  of  scientific  books  of  1896  prepared 
for  discussion  the    following    are   named    for 
special  comment : 
Abbott,  C:  C.     Bird-land   echoes.     Lippincott. 

$2. 

This  is  not  a  scientific  book,  but  is  much 
more  orderly  in  arrangement  than  is  usual 
with  the  author.  The  chapters  are  devoted  to 
special  classes  of  birds  which  are  disposed  of 
in  an  entertaining  manner.  The  illustrations 
seem  to  be  from  photographs  taken  after  a 
most  sumptuous  diet  of  worms,  as  the  puffed- 
out  appearance  of  the  breasts  is  far  from  nat- 
ural. 
Bonney,  T.  G.  Ice  work  past  and  present. 

Appleton.     $1.50. 

Suitable  for  the  advanced  student.  It  covers 
only  the  ice  work  in  Great  Britain,  as  only  10 
pages  are  given  to  America.  It  is  well  written, 
but  very  poorly  illustrated. 
Britton,  N.  L.,  and  Brown,  Edison.  An  illus- 
trated flora.  In  3  v.  v.  i,  Ferns  to  carpet 

weed.     Scribner.     $3. 

An  admirable  work. 
Chambers,  G:  F.     Story  of  the  solar   system. 

Appleton.     40  c. 

Unscientific  ;     superficial  ;     of     very    slight 
value. 
Dana,  Mrs.,  F.  T.     Plants  and  their  children. 

Am.  Book  Co.     65  c. 

A  capital  book  for  young  people;  interesting 
and  accurate. 
Furneaux,  W.   S.     Life  in  ponds  and  streams 

Longmans.     $3.50. 

A  most  excellent  book  for  popular  use. 
Lowell,  Percival.     Mars. 

A  most  interesting  statement  of  the  broad, 
physical  features  of  the  planet's  surface,  the 
origin  of  which  it  seems  to  the  author  impos- 
sible to  ascribe  to  other  than  intelligent  agen- 
cies. 

Martin,   E:  A.     Story  of  a  piece  of  coal.     Ap- 
pleton.    40  c. 

Excellent  of  its  kind;  compact  and  interest- 
ing. 
Mason,  W:  P.     Water-supply.     Wiley.     $5. 

Full  of  facts  gathered  from  various  sources, 
and  has  the  merit  of  being  a  small  volume. 
Mathews,    F.    S.      Familiar    trees    and    their 

leaves.     Appleton.     $1.75. 

A  most  useful  book.     It  has  very  good  illus- 
trations, drawn  from  nature  by  the  author,  and 
the  text  reveals  the  aesthetic  as  well  as  scien- 
tific side  of  the  subject. 
Meadowcroft,  W:  H.     The  A  B  C  of  the  X  ray. 

Am.  Technical  Book  Co.     75  c. 

A  good  popular  treatise. 
Munro,   J:      Story    of   electricity.      Appleton. 

40  c. 

A  book  to  create  interest  in  scientific  things; 
simply  and  accurately  told. 
Robinson,   R.   E.     In   New  England  fields  and 

woods.     Houghton.     $1.25. 

Composed  of  a  series  of  papers  written  by  a 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


keen  sportsman.  The  book  is  most  entertain- 
ing. The  sketches  first  appeared  in  Fvrest  and 
Stream,  and  they  possess  now  a  melancholy 
interest  from  the  fact  that  the  author  has  be- 
come blind. 

Smith,  J:  B.  Economic  entomology.  Lippin- 
cott.  $2.50. 

One  of  the  best  popu'ar  books  on  the  sub- 
ject. It  is  on  the  whole  preferable  to  Corn- 
stock;  while  the  plates  are  not  so  well  done 
as  in  that  work,  they  are  much  more  numerous 
and  instructive. 

Thompson,  E.  P.  Roentgen  rays  and  phe- 
nomena of  the  anode  and  cathode.  Van 
Nostrand.  $1.50. 

Probably  the  best  book  on  the  subject  writ- 
ten during  the  year. 

Torrey,  Bradford.     Spring  notes  from  Tennes- 
see.'   Houghton.     $1.25. 
Useful  for  the  list  of  birds  found  by  the  au- 
thor at  Chattanooga. 

Wegmann,    E:     Water-supply   of    the   city   of 
New  York.     Wiley.     $10. 
An  interesting  historical  description  of  the 
New  York  system;  its  many  excellent  plates 
make  it  valuable  to  any  engineer  engaged  in 
the  construction  of  water-works. 
Witchell,  C:  A.     Evolution  of  birdsong.     Mac- 
millan.     $1.75. 

Treats  of  a  subject  not  hitherto  handled  very 
systematically  by  ornithologists.  The  author 
has  been  15  years  in  collecting  his  data;  the 
plates  are  poor. 

FINE   ART. 

Reviewed   by   C:   A.    Cutter,   Forbes  Library, 

Northampton,  Mass. 

The  great  wave  of  interest  in  art  which  has 
swept  over  the  country  in  the  last  decade  has 
made  it  imperative  to  establish  some  sort  of  an 
art  department  even  in  town  libraries.  In 
setting  one  up  four  lines  of  purchase  are  nei  es- 
sary:  Works  of  art;  Books  on  art  technique; 
Books  on  art  principles,  aesthetics,  criticism; 
and  Art  histories.  By  works  of  art  I  do  not 
mean  pictures  and  statues,  those  are  beyond 
the  means  of  the  town  library;  the  $100  or  $200 
which  one  poor  picture  would  cost  would  be 
much  better  spent  in  procuring  100  or  200  good 
photographic  or  heliogravure  representations 
of  the  masterpieces  of  painting,  sculpture,  and 
architecture.  The  second  class,  works  on  tech- 
nique, the  small  library  should  buy  last;  they 
are  too  special ;  the  artist,  if  there  is  one  in  the 
village,  should  provide  these  for  himself.  But 
the  third  class,  the  works  of  aesthetics,  criti- 
cism, inspiration,  works  which  will  explain,  ex- 
cite, develop,  guide  the  sense  of  beauty,  works 
of  which  we  find  three  very  different  examples 
in  the  writings  of  Ruskin,  Van  Brunt,  and 
Hamerton,  these  should  not  be  absent.  There  is 
nothing  so  likely  to  kill  a  rising  interest  in  art 
as  feeding  it  with  dry  history.  In  art  surely, 
if  anywhere,  we  need  the  literature  of  power 
as  well  as  the  literature  of  information.  And 
yet  there  is  not  one  of  that  quality  in  this  prim- 


ed list.*  For  which  reason  I  should  add  to  it 
three. 

First,  Santayana's  "Sense  of  beauty." 
[Scribner.  $1.50.]  Lowell,  in  his  "Cathe- 
dral," speaks  of 

"  Learned  folk, 

Who  drench  you  with  aesthetics  till  you  feel 
As  if  all  beauty  were  a  ghastly  bore, 
The  faucet  to  let  loose  a  wash  of  words." 

This  may  be  true  of  the  older,  metaphysical 
aesthetics.  Mr.  Santayana  is  a  pupil  of  William 
James,  and  his  aesthetics  are,  as  is  the  way 
nowadays,  founded  on  psychology.  They  are 
not,  therefore,  always  easy  reading  for  the 
learner;  while  following  the  method  of  his 
teacher  he  has  not  always  succeeded  in  catching 
his  luminous  style.  But  they  will  repay  a  little 
effort  with  an  intelligible  theory  and  with  oc- 
casional passages  of  eloquence.  The  para- 
graph, for  instance,  on  the  part  which  the  fly- 
ing buttress  plays  in  charm  of  the  Gothic 
cathedral  is  the  best  on  that  matter  that  I  have 
ever  met  with. 

Berenson's  "  Florentine  painters  of  the  Ren- 
aissance" [Putnam.  $i],a  work  of  what  we 
might  call  the  "  higher  criticism  "  in  art,  is  in- 
genious and  instructive,  and  should  be  added 
to  the  shelves  that  contain  his"  Lorenzo  Lotto  " 
and  his  "Venetian  painters  of  the  Renais- 
sance." 

Vernon  Lee's  "  Renaissance  fancies  and 
studies"  [Putnam.  $1.25]  is  put  in  the  print- 
ed list  among  "Miscellaneous  literature."  It 
belongs  in  Art;  it  is  entirely  on  Italian  art.  I 
know  there  are  those  who  do  not  rate  Vernon 
Lee  highly.  To  me  she  is  delightful.  She  is 
often  able  to  solve  the  historic  question,  "Why 
did  this  painter  paint  thus  ?  "  and  the  even  more 
important  question,  "Ought  I  to  admire  his 
painting?"  or  "  Why  do  I  admire  it,  tho  the 
critics  say  I  should  not?"  or  "Why  cannot  I 
enthuse  where  so  many  have  teen  enthusiastic 
before  ?  "  Take  for  instance  what  she  writes  of 
the  fascinating  grace  of  Botticelli's  ill-drawn 
figures.  It  is  very  acute  criticism  and  good 
psychology.  Or  her  clear  and  eloquent  char- 
acterization of  Italian  Renaissance  sculpture. 
It  is  admirable,  and  yet  it  justifies  the  title  of 
the  book,  for  it  is  full  of  what  those  who  have 
not  studied  and  enjoyed  and  been  puzzled  by 
the  charm  of  that  marvellous  sculpture  will 
term  "  fancies."  And  I  confess  that  in  read- 


*  The  printed  list  included: 

Fletcher,  Banister,  and  Banister,  F.  History  of  architect- 
ure. Scribner.  $4.50. 

Gardner,  K.  A.  Handbook  of  Greek  sculpture.  Mac- 
millan.  $1.25. 

Hamlin,  A.  D.  F.  Text-book  of  the  history  of  architect- 
ure. Longmans.  $2. 

Marquand,  A.,  and  Frothinpham,  A.  L.,  jr.,  Text-book 
of  the  history  of  sculpture.  Longmans.  $1.50 

Mathews,  C:  T.    Story  of  architecture.    Appleton.    f3- 

Muther,  R:  History  of  modern  painting.  3  v.  Mac- 
mi  11  an.  $20. 

Sturgis,  Russell.   European  architecture.    Macmillan.   f  4. 

Tarbell,  F.  B.    History  of  Greek  art.    Flood.    $i. 

Twombley,  A.  S.  Masterpieces  of  Michelangelo  and 
Milton.  Silver.  $1.50. 

Van  Dyke,  J:  C.,  ed.  Modern  French  painters.  Cen- 
tury. $10. 


88 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


ing  some  of  the  other  essays  I  have  been  in- 
clined to  say,  "  Very  gracious  fooling."  But 
it  is  graceful  and  it  is  well  worth  reading. 

I  would  also  add  to  the  list  Evans's  "Animal 
symbolism  in  ecclesiastical  architecture"  [Holt. 
$2],  a  collection  of  mediaeval  stories  and  their 
use  in  mediaeval  church  decoration,  useful  both 
to  folklorists  and  to  those  who  are  studying 
Romanesque  architecture. 

Goodyear's  "History  of  art"  [?th  ed.,  rev. 
Barnes.  $3]  isclear  condensed, and  interesting. 

Statham's  "Architecture  for  general  read- 
ers" [New  ed.  Scribner.  $2]  treats  not  only 
of  the  history  of  the  art  but  of  its  principles 
and  practice.  Its  illustrations  are  from  draw- 
ings made  by  the  author,  which  was  necessary 
because  they  are  chiefly  of  details,  not  of  monu- 
ments, and  many  separate  objects  are  repre- 
sented in  a  single  full-page  plate.  Of  course 
they  are  not  so  attractive  as  photographs  or 
good  process  plates  from  photographs. 

The  four  histories  of  architecture  given  in 
the  list  are  all  good.  Get  them  all  if  you  can. 
I  have  enjoyed  Sturgis's  "European  architect- 
ure "  best.  It  is  the  richest  in  thought  and 
feeling.  All  four  are  well  illustrated.  Of  the 
three  general  histories  each  has  its  peculiar 
excellence.  Fletcher's  has  useful  parallel  col- 
umns comparing  the  architecture  of  different 
lands,  the  Gothic  of  France  and  England,  for 
instance;  Hamlin's  costs  least;  Mathews  traces 
especially  the  influence  of  climate,  race,  re- 
ligion, and  politics  on  architecture,  but  his 
illustrations  are  wood-cuts  and  much  inferior  to 
the  process  plates  in  the  others. 

Marquand's  "History  of  Greek  sculpture" 
belongs  to  the  set  of  college  histories  of  art  ed- 
ited by  J:  C.  Vandyke  ;  its  bibliography  is  good 
and  it  has  a  most  useful  list  of  addresses  of 
sellers  of  photographs  and  plaster  casts. 

Gardner's  "Greek  sculpture"  is  a  good  con- 
densed statement  of  the  present  state  of  knowl- 
edge, doubtful  theories  being  left  untouched 
or  merely  stated;  the  illustrations  are  excellent 
but  too  few. 

Tarbell's  "Greek  art"  is  also  well  illustrated, 
tho  not  quite  so  well.  It  belongs  to  the 
"  Chautauqua  reading  course." 

Muther's  "Modern  painting"  is  not  one  of 
•  the  first  works  to  be  be  bought  by  a  small 
library;  it  is  too  expensive;  but  it  should  not 
be  long  delayed,  for  it  is  a  book  of  living  in- 
terest; it  treats  with  fulness  and  fairness  of 
the  painters  of  the  day  and  the  art  theories 
now  under  discussion,  and  its  very  numerous 
illustrations,  though  too  small  for  enjoyment, 
are  a  great  assistance  to  the  understanding  of 
the  text. 


NEW  AIDS  FOR  READERS. 

A  PUBLIC  telephone  (pav  station)  has  been  es- 
tablished in  the  Boston  Public  Library.  It  is 
in  charge  of  a  stenographer,  who,  in  addition 
to  ordinary  stenographic  and  copying  work, 
will  furnish  abstract  or  verbatim  copies  of  rec- 
ords in  the  public  library  or  accessible  in  other 
libraries  in  Boston  and  its  vicinity. 


THE  QUESTION  OF  INDEXES. 

CANNOT  something  be  done,  either  by  the 
American  Library  Association  or  by  librarians 
individually,  to  encourage  the  publication  of 
indexes  by  regular  publishers?  Something 
which  would  tend  to  cultivate  what  the  Nation 
is  pleased  to  term  the  "  index  conscience  "  ? 

Within  the  last  few  years  Macmillan  in  Eng- 
land and  Appleton  in  this  country  have  pub- 
lished a  new  edition  of  the  essays  of  Huxley, 
but  there  is  no  index  either  to  the  set  or  to  the 
individual  volume.  A  complete  index  to  this 
set  would  be  of  great  value,  both  to  libraries  in 
general  and  to  all  students  of  modern  science. 

Spencer's  "  Synthetic  philosophy  "  is  another 
good  example  ;  some  of  the  volumes  of  it  are 
indexed  and  some  are  not.  Such  indexes  as 
there  are  in  a  few  of  the  volumes  are  very 
meagre  instead  of  being  very  elaborate,  as 
they  should  be. 

The  Macmillan  Company  has  recently  com- 
pleted a  new  and  cheap,  but  excellent  edition 
of  the  works  of  Dickens.  Scribner's  Sons  are 
about  to  issue  in  this  country  the  "Gad's  Hill  edi- 
tion," which  will  be  more  elaborate.  It  would 
surely  be  of  great  service  to  all  students  of  fic- 
tion to  have  a  complete  dictionary  index  of 
such  sets  as  these.  'A  dictionary  to  a  set  of  an 
authors'  novels  should  cover  in  one  alphabetical 
list  (dictionary  catalog  style)  the  names  of  all 
persons  and  places  described,  historical  events, 
particular  abuses  attacked,  and  other  things  of 
a  similar  nature.  Following  the  names  of  all 
the  important  characters  should  be  a  brief  de- 
scription, of  three  or  four  lines,  in  the  author's 
own  words  wherever  possible. 

The  set  of  Balzac  published  by  Roberts  Bros, 
or  the  edition  now  being  published  by  Macmil- 
lan should  be  treated  in  the  same  way.  Thack- 
eray, Peacock,  and  many  other  standard  nov- 
elists might  be  fit  subjects  for  such  treatment 
as  new  and  complete  editions  are  published. 

The  difficulty  in  the  way  of  persuading  pub- 
lishers to  undertake  the  indexing  of  their  sets 
is  that  they  cannot  see  how  they  can  get  re- 
turns for  the  compiling,  printing,  and  pubKsh- 
ing  of  such  indexes.  If  librarians  were  to  take 
this  matter  up  and,  subject  to  definite  qualifica- 
tions, agree  to  purchase  these  indexes,  or  cer- 
tain of  them,  as  they  might  appear,  the  pub- 
lishers would  see  that  there  was  an  assured 
sale  for  at  least  a  given  number  of  copies. 
Then  if  a  decided  effort  were  made  by  librari- 
ans to  make  the  first  few  of  these  indexes  suc- 
cessful, from  the  publisher's  point  of  view,  it 
would  do  much  to  encourage  them  in  the  effort. 

Scribner's  Sons  will  publish  an  index  to  their 
"  Thistle  edition  "  of  Stevenson,  covering  some 
25  pages.  This,  of  course,  is  briefer  than  it 
might  well  be,  but  it  is  a  great  step  in  the  right 
direction.  It  remains  to  be  seen  how  this  will 
be  appreciated  by  the  library  world. 

I  shall  be  pleased  to  correspond  with  any  li- 
brarians who  are  interested  in  this  movement, 
and  would  much  like  to  see  the  matter  dis- 
cussed in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

FRANCIS  D.  TANDY, 

Public  Library,  Denver. 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


89 


THE  FREE   PUBLIC   LIBRARY   OF   NEW 
ORLEANS. 

THE  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library  of  New 
Orleans  was  formally  opened  on  the  evening 
of  Jan.  18.  The  exercises  were  held  in  the  li- 
brary building  (formerly  St.  Patrick's  Hall,  the 
home  of  the  Criminal  District  Court),  and  were 
attended  by  an  audience  of  some  1203  persons. 
On  the  platform  were  Very  Rev.  F.  Janssens, 
archbishop  of  New  Orleans  ;  Mayor  Flower, 
Very  Rev.  Mgr.  Mignot,  of  the  St.  Louis 
Cathedral ;  Right  Rev.  Davis  Sessums,  bishop 
of  Louisiana  ;  ex-Justice  Charles  E.  Fenner, 
Rabbi  I.  L.  Leucht,  of  the  Touro  Synagogue, 
Mr.  Frank  T.  Howard,  president  .of  the  board 
of  commissioners  of  the  Fisk  Free  and  Public 
Library  ;  ex-Mayor  John  Fitzpatrick,  Messrs. 
A.  Baldwin,  George  W.  Flynn,  S.  H.  March, 
and  A.  A.  Le  Long,  of  the  board  of  commis- 
sioners ;  Councilman  A.  Brittin,  and  others. 
Prayer  was  offered  by  Archbishop  Janssens, 
and  Mayor  Flower,  in  a  short  address,  trans- 
ferred the  library  to  the  control  of  Mr.  Howard, 
president  of  the  board  of  commissioners,  and 
welcomed  those  present  "  to  the  formal  open- 
ing of  the  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library."  Mr. 
Howard  accepted  the  charge  of  the  library,  on 
behalf  of  the  commissioners,  in  a  few  words. 
Addresses  on  the  value  of  the  library  and 
what  its  influence  should  be  in  the  future  of 
New  Orleans  were  made  by  the  Right  Rev. 
Davis  Sessums,  Bishop  of  Louisiana,  and  by 
Judge  Fenner,  of  New  Orleans.  The  benedic- 
tion was  pronounced  by  Rabbi  Leucht.  The 
exercises  were  interspersed  by  orchestral  and 
vocal  music. 

The  history  of  the  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Li- 
brary, the  first  absolutely  free  circulating  li- 
brary of  New  Orleans,  is  already  familiar  to 
readers  of  the  JOURNAL,  but  it  may  well  be  re- 
viewed here,  now  that  the  work  of  consolidation 
and  organization  is  fully  accomplished. 

The  nucleus  of  the  present  library  was  found 
In  three  modest  collections,  owned  or  con- 
trolled by  the  city,  that  have  now  been  amal- 
gamated into  a  single  library.  The  first,  the 
Fisk  Library,  was  the  gift  to  New  Orleans  of 
the  brothers  Abijah  and  Alvarez  Fisk.  It  con- 
sisted originally  of  a  bequest  made  by  Abijah 
Fisk  in  1843  to  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  in  per- 
petual trust,  of  a  property  at  the  corner  of  Cus- 
tomhouse and  Bourbon  streets,  then  yielding 
an  income  of  about  $2000  a  year,  on  condition 
that  the  property  should  be  devoted  to  the 
maintenance  of  a  free  public  library.  This  be- 
quest was,  of  course,  not  sufficient  for  the 
establishment  of  a  library,  and  for  a  time  had 
no  direct  results.  Later,  however,  Alvarez 
Fisk,  of  Natchez,  purchased  the  6000  v.  private 
library  of  Mr.  B.  F.  French,  of  New  Orleans, 
and  in  March,  1847,  presented  it  to  the  city  in 
order  to  carry  into  effect  his  brother's  bequest. 
The  library  thus  founded  never  received  very 
adequate  appropriations  or  attained  much  popu- 
larity, and  in  1853  it  was  transferred  to  the 
control  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  "  to  be  held 
and  used  for  the  same  uses  and  trust  under 
which  the  building  and  library  were  held  by 


the  city  of  New  Orleans,  the  rent  of  the  build- 
ing to  be  applied  to  the  benefit  and  enlarge- 
ment of  the  library."  The  change  did  not 
result  in  the  benefits  hoped  for,  and  in  1882 the 
University  of  Louisiana  became  the  successor 
and  assignee  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  and 
was  duly  charged  with  the  care  of  the  library. 
In  1884  the  Tulane  University  of  Louisiana 
succeeded  the  University  of  Louisiana  as  heir 
and  assignee,  and  the  custodianship  of  the  Fisk 
Free  Library  became  a  privilege  of  Tulane 
University.  Under  its  charge  the  library  was 
faithfully  and  effectively  administered,  and  the 
collection  was  increased  from  8000  v.  to  15,000 
v.  On  the  removal  of  the  university  in  1895 
from  its  old  home  to  new  quarters  in  a  less  cen- 
tral part  of  the  city,  the  university  authorities 
sought  permission  to  transfer  the  Fisk  library 
to  the  new  university  buildings.  This,  how- 
ever, the  city  would  not  consent  to,  feeling 
that  the  Fisk  library  was  too  valuable  and  use- 
ful a  collection  of  books  to  be  removed  so  far 
from  the  business  and  geographical  centre  of 
the  city,  and  thus  the  library  remained  in  the 
old  Mechanics'  Institute  building  until  Jan.  16, 
1897,  when  it  was  transferred  to  the  new  li- 
brary. 

The  second  collection  to  be  consolidated  into 
the  new  library  was  the  public  school  library, 
or  Lyceum  Library,  established  in  1844  as  a 
subscription  circulating  library,  and  moved  to 
the  city  hall  in  1849.  In  the  next  few  years 
several  similar  libraries  were  established,  and 
in  1852  the  common  council  passed  an  ordi- 
nance domiciling  all  the  municipality  libraries 
in  the  city  hall  under  the  name  of  the  "  Pub- 
lic Library  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans."  Later, 
in  1859,  the  privilege  of  life  membership 
was  extended  to  "all  the  white  youths  of 
the  city,"  and  to  other  contributors  on  such 
terms  and  conditions  as  might  be  deemed  com- 
patible with  the  interests  of  the  institution. 
For  some  time  after  the  war  the  library  suffered 
the  loss  of  many  books,  and  all  progress  was 
at  a  standstill;  and  indeed  it  has  never  been  a 
prominent  factor  in  the  educational  life  of  the 
city. 

The  third  collection  to  form  part  of  the  new 
library  consisted  of  some  8000  volumes  of  mis- 
cellaneous literature  that  were  housed  in  the 
state  library.  These  have  been  transferred  to 
the  new  organization,  with  the  intention  of 
making  the  state  library  essentially  a  law  li- 
brary. 

The  consolidation  of  the  Fisk  Free  and  Public 
libraries  is  notable  chiefly  for  the  ease  with 
which  the  consolidation  was  effected  when  it  was 
once  decided  upon,  more  than  half  a  century  af- 
ter the  establishment  of  two  separate  libraries, 
both  of  which  contemplated  in  their  inception 
what  has  now  been  accomplished,  and  neither 
of  which  attained  the  desirable  end  Until  united 
with  the  other.  The  first  step  towards  that 
end  was  made  in  1895,  when  the  Criminal  Dis- 
trict Court  was  removed  from  its  home  in  St. 
Patrick's  hall  and  the  question  of  the  disposi- 
tion of  the  old  building  was  raised.  The  sug- 
gestion that  it  be  used  for  a  public  library  was 
made  and  met  at  once  with  popular  approval, 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


and  in  April,  1895,  an  ordinance  was  passed 
directing  the  city  to  place  St.  Patrick's  hall 
in  condition  for  use  as  a  free  circulating 
library,  which  was  to  be  established  by  the 
consolidation  of  the  Fisk  free  library  and  the 
public  library.  A  board  of  directors  was  to  be 
appointed  to  govern  the  library,  to  adopt  regu- 
lations regarding  the  use  of  the  books,  and  to 
exercise  authority.  On  Oct.  2,  1896,  this  ordi- 
nance was  amended  by  a  provision  transferring 
to  the  control  of  the  board  of  directors  the  cus- 
todianship of  the  Fisk  free  library  and  its  income, 
and  all  balances  to  the  credit  of  the  public  li- 
brary, and  giving  to  the  board  of  directors  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  new  library  such  in- 
come as  could  be  derived  from  the  rental  of 
whatever  portions  of  the  St.  Patrick's  hall 
property  were  not  occupied  by  the  library  or 
needed  by  the  city  for  municipal  purposes. 
Thus  the  handling  of  the  funds  of  the  library 
was  taken  out  of  the  city  treasury  and  away 
from  the  influences  of  partisan  politics,  and  the 
board  of  directors  were  made  directly  responsi- 
ble for  the  administration  of  the  library.  The 
board  of  directors  consists  of  seven  members, 
to  serve  for  life,  with  the  mayor,  and  succeed- 
ing mayors,  as  cx-officio  life  members.  Mr.  F. 
T.  Howard,  who  has  been  one  of  the  most 
active  workers  in  the  library  cause,  is  the 
president. 

During  1896  the  work  of  altering  and  fitting 
up  the  building  for  its  new  purposes  was  dili- 
gently carried  on,  and  on  Dec.  7  Mr.  William 
Beer  was  elected  librarian  of  the  consolidited 
library  (see  L.  j.,  Jan.,  p.  52).  The  library 
begins  work  with  about  34,000  volumes  and 
cannot  fail,  under  the  effective  charge  of  its 
librarian,  to  become  a  power  for  good  in  the 
civic  life  of  New  Orleans.  Mr.  Beer  also  main- 
tains his  position  as  librarian  of  the  Howard 
library,  and  he  plans  the  close  co-operation  of 
the  two  institutions,  the  Howard  serving  as  a 
reference  library,  while  the  .Fisk  library  carries 
on  the  work  of  a  more  popular  circulating 
library.  

LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION   OF  AUSTRAL- 
ASIA. 

THE  Library  Association  of  Australasia  has 
published  the  "  Account  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  first  Australasian  Library  Conference,"  held 
at  Melbourne,  April  21 -24,  1896.  The  meeting, 
which  was  the  first  of  the  sort  held  in  Australia, 
was  reported  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  June, 
1896  (21  :  275).  and  the  proceedings  contain 
much  that  is  of  interest  and  usefulness  to  li- 
brarians. The  pamphlet  is  a  large  octavo  of 
66  pages,  including  a  full  report  of  the  meeting, 
the  papers  read,  list  of  delegates,  constitution, 
and  officers  of  the  association,  etc.  The  subjects 
treated  at  more  or  less  length  by  different  speak- 
ers include  among  others  "  Cataloging,"  by  H. 
C.  L.  Anderson,  of  the  New  South  Wales  Public 
Library  ;  "  Libraries  from  the  reader's  point  of 
view,"  by  Sir  Henry  Wrixon;  "A  modellibrary 
building,"  by  W.  B.  Tappin,  illustrated  with 
plans  of  one-story  and  two-story  structures; 
"  The  librarian  and  hiswork,"by  Hugh  Wright 


and  E.  L.  Armstrong  ;  "Fiction  in  public  li- 
braries," by  J.  P.  Wilson;  and  "The  decimal 
classification  of  Dewey, "  by  Caleb  Hardy. 
The  president  of  the  association  is  Hon.  Dr. 
James  Norton,  president  of  the  board  of  trus- 
tees of  the  New  South  Wales  Public  Library; 
the  secretary  is  H.  C.  L.  Anderson,  principal 
librarian  New  South  Wales  Public  Library.  It 
is  planned  to  hold  the  1897  conference  in  Syd- 
ney. In  connection  with  the  Melbourne  meet- 
ing an  interesting  loan  exhibition  of  rare,  old 
and  curious  books,  bindings,  etc.,  was  held  in 
the  McArthur  Gallery  under  the  direction  of 
the  trustees  of  the  Public  Library,  Museums, 
and  National  Gallery  of  Victoria.  The  meeting 
was  in  every  way  successful  and  stimulating, 
and  the  association  seems  to  have  entered  upon 
its  work  in  the  most  promising  fashion. 

ART  FOR  THE  SCHOOL-ROOM  AT  DEN- 
VER PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

ON  Dec.  28-31, 1896,  an  exhibition  of  mounted 
pictures,  designed  chiefly  for  school-room  pur- 
poses, was  displayed  at  the  Denver  Public 
Library  that  was  as  original  in  plan  as  it  was 
interesting  and  successful  in  result.  The  exhi- 
bition was  held  during  the  annual  session  of 
the  state  teachers'  association,  which  lasted 
for  four  days  and  had  an  attendance  of  from 
300  to  700  daily.  Its  purpose  was  chiefly  to 
show  what  c.m  be  done,  with  material  that  costs 
little  and  is  easy  to  get,  toward  decorating  the 
walls  of  a  school-room.  The  pictures  shown 
consisted  of  full-page  illustrations  from  Scrib- 
ner,  Century,  Harper's  Weekly,  Harper's  jBazar, 
the  Ladies'  Home  Journal,  Life,  etc.,  colored 
supplements  from  the  Art  Amateur  and  Art 
Interchange,  colored  cartoons  from  Puck  and 
Judge,  magazine  or  book  posters,  photographs 
of  celebrated  scenes  and  paintings,  Japanese 
prints,  artists'  sketches  from  the  Art  Amateur, 
etc.  From  10  to  20  of  each  class  of  picture 
were  shown,  besides  quite  large  collections 
made  in  schools  of  the  smaller  magazine 
pictures,  and  they  included  examples  of  the 
work  of  most  of  the  leading  American  illustra- 
tors. The  various  classes  were  grouped  sepa- 
rately on  screens  about  seven  feet  high 
covered  with  burlap.  In  the  selection  and 
preparation  of  the  exhibit,  and  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  descriptive  circular  published  con- 
cerning it,  the  library  had  the  assistance  of  a 
committee  from  the  Artists'  Club,  of  Denver. 
This  circular,  of  which  500  copies  were  dis- 
tributed, is  well  worth  the  attention  of  libra- 
rians interested  in  using  the  influence  of  the 
public  library  toward  appreciation  of  art  as 
well  as  toward  appreciation  of  books.  It  sets 
forth  briefly  the  essentials  of  a  good  picture, 
tells  hoV  the  collection  was  started,  and  how 
the  selecting  and  mounting  are  done  in  the 
schools,  and  describes  the  use  made  of  the 
pictures  in  the  school-room  and  by  the  library. 
The  several  kinds  of  pictures  shown  are  also 
briefly  described  and  their  leading  features 
pointed  out,  and  a  few  practical  suggestions 
are  given  as  to  mounting  and  exhibiting  simi- 
lar collections. 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


REPORT   OF   THE  SUPERINTENDENT 
OF  DOCUMENTS. 

THE  second  annual  report  of  F.  A.  Crandall, 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  1896,  was  issued  in  the  latter 
part  of  January.  As  the  report  for  1895  cov- 
ered a  period  of  only  six  months,  during  but 
three  of  which  the  work  of  the  office  was 
actually  in  progress,  the  present  report  really 
presents  the  record  of  the  first  full  year  of 
work.  During  the  year  the  Document  Office 
has  receired  a  total  of  486,871  public  docu- 
ments of  all  kinds,  of  which  252,602  v.  were 
accumulations  from  various  departments,  31, 321 
were  duplicates  returned  by  libraries,  and 
about  60,000  were  copies  received  for  catalog- 
ing purposes.  Of  the  documents  received 
105,170  were  distributed  to  depository  libraries, 
65,823  to  other  libraries,  13,580  were  distrib- 
uted on  the  order  of  congressmen,  951  were 
supplied  to  departments  and  bureaus  to  com- 
plete official  files,  and  3581  copies  were  sold, 
bringing  in  total  receipts  of  $889.09.  The  re- 
mainder, 297,390  volumes,  have  been  assorted, 
classified,  and  preserved  in  the  Document  Office 
for  reference.  There  are  now  445  depository  li- 
braries on  the  list  of  the  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments; 253  other  libraries  receive  certain  gov- 
ernment publications  under  the  provisions  of 
the  printing  law  of  1895  ;  and  an  additional  list 
of  libraries,  numbering  623,  has  been  created 
to  receive  the  publications  of  the  U.  S.  Geologi- 
cal Survey;  so  that  there  are  in  all  1321  libraries 
on  the  distributing  list  of  the  office,  as  against 
the  421  listed  in  the  preceding  report.  Dur- 
ing 1896  the  Document  Office  has  issued  18 
"  Monthly  catalogues,"  a  "  Checklist  of  public 
documents,"  a  first  annual  report,  a  draft  of 
a  proposed  bill  to  improve  present  methods  of 
government  publication,  and  a  "  Document 
catalogue"  of  638  pages.  Mr.  Crandall  gives 
interesting  notes  on  each  of  these  enterprises. 
He  also  describes  at  some  length  the  establish- 
ment of  the  "document  library,"  which  now 
contains  about  iS.ooov.,  and  which  it  is  hoped 
in  time  may  be  made  a  fully  complete  and  ac- 
cessible collection  of  government  issues.  The 
whole  report  is  well  worth  reading,  and  is  com- 
mended to  the  attention  of  librarians. 


REVIEWS  AND  CRITICISMS  FOR  READ- 
ERS. 

MR.  A.  E.  BOSTWICK,  librarian  of  the  New 
York  Free  Circulating  Library,  says  in  the  re- 
cently issued  (i  7th)  report  of  that  library:  "Work 
has  been  begun  on  a  collection  of  criticisms 
and  reviews  to  be  made  accessible  to  the  pub- 
lic. It  is  hoped  that  this  may  in'some  degree 
present  the  advantages  of  access  to  the  shelves 
without  any  of  its  disadvantages.  The  criti- 
cisms, clipped  from  the  current  literary  maga- 
zines, which  were  formerly  sold  for  old  paper, 
are  pasted  on  cards  about  five  inches  square 
and  filed  away,  alphabetically  by  authors,  like 
catalog  cards,  each  having  a  written  heading 
including  author's  name,  title,  and  call  num- 
ber. 


£meritan  Cibrarg  Association. 


President:  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
leveland,  O. 

Secretary :  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Columbus, 
O. 

Treasurer:  C:  K.  Bolton,  Public  Library, 
Brookline,  Mass. 

SPECIAL    MEETING. 

THE  special  meeting  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  Feb.  6,  1897,  at  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, New  York  City,  was  called  to  order  by 
President  Brett  at  2:40  p.m.  The  call  for  the 
meeting  was  read  by  Secretary  Hayes  (see  L. 
j.,  Jan.,  p.  23). 

The  president  stated  that  in  accordance  with 
this  call  the  special  business  of  the  meeting 
was  to  consider  the  reincorporation  of  the 
American  Library  Association  under  the  laws 
of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Herbert  Putnam,  chairman  of  the  special 
committee  appointed  by  the  president  (the  other 
members  being  Messrs.  Dewey  and  Bowker), 
made  his  report.  The  committee  having  found 
that  the  executive  board  had  no  authority  to 
take  action  toward  reincorporation,  this  special 
meeting  was  called.  As  a  basis  for  discussion 
the  committee  offered  the  following: 

"Resolved,  That  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation authorizes  the  executive  board,  or  such 
committee  as  it  may  appoint,  to  take  any  steps 
necessary  to  procure  the  reincorporation  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  under  act  of  Congress  instead  of 
under  the  laws  of  Massachusetts,  provided  that 
in  the  judgment  of  the  executive  board  such  re- 
incorporation  prove  to  be  practicable  and  to  be 
of  advantage  to  library  interests." 

Mr.  Putnam  stated  that  at  the  hearing  before 
the  joint  committee  on  the  Library  of  Congress, 
held  at  Washington,  Dec.  i  and  2,  1896,  Hon. 
L.  E.  Quigg,  of  the  committee,  suggested  such 
incorporation,  and  that  the  act  might  include  a 
proviso  that  a  committee  of  the  association 
should  act  as  a  board  of  visitors  to  the  Library 
of  Congress.  Mr.  Putnam  also  read  a  draft  of 
an  act  which  would  cover  the  points  above 
suggested. 

The  report  of  the  committee  was  accepted. 

After  discussion,  in  which  Messrs.  Baker, 
Soule,  Flint,  Skinner,  and  Miss  Kelso  took 
part,  Mr.  Carr  offered  the  following  substitute 
motion  as  an  amendment  : 

"Resolved,  That  the  executive  board  take 
under  consideration  the  matter  of  procuring 
reincorporation,  and  report  thereon  to  the 
coming  annual  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A." 

After  further  remarks  by  Messrs.  Flint,  Nel- 
son, Putnam,  and  Bowker,  all  in  favor  of  the 
amendment,  Mr.  Carr's  substitute  was  carried. 

This  concluded  the  official  business  of  the 
meeting,  which  had  been  called  only  for  the 
consideration  of  reincorporation. 

Mr.  Nelson  reported  that  the  proceedings  of 
the  Cleveland  conference  would  probably  be 
issued  by  March,  i. 

Adjourned  at  4:071 

GARDNER  M.  JONES,  Retorder. 


92 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


\February,  '97 


A.    L.   A.   SPECIAL  MEETING  :  ATTENDANCE 

REGISTER, 
'preceding  name  indicates  non-members  of  A.  L.  A. 

Anderson,  Edwin  H.  Ln.  Carnegie  L.,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Andrews,  Clement  W.  Ln.  John  Crerar  L., 
Chicago. 

Baker,  G:  H.  Ln.  Columbia  College  L.,  N.  Y. 
City. 

Bigelow,  Frank  C.  Ln.  New  York  Society  L., 
N.  Y.  City. 

*Billings,  J:  S.  Ln.  New  York  P.  L.,  N.  Y. 
City. 

Bowker,  R.  R.     LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  N.  Y.  City. 

Brainerd,  Helen  E.  Cataloger  Columbia  Col- 
lege L.,  N.  Y.  City. 

Brett,  W:  H.     Ln.  P.  L.,  Cleveland,  O. 

Browne,  Nina  E.  Ln.  Library  Bureau,  As. 
Secretary  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Carr,  Henry  J.     Ln.  P.  L.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

*Collar,  Mildred  A.  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

Eames,  Wilberforce.  Ln.  Lenox  L.,  N.  Y. 
City. 

*Farman,  Mary  E.     As.  P.  L.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Flint,  Weston.    Washington,  D.  C. 

Haines,  Helen  E.  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  N.  Y. 
City. 

Haines,  Martha  B.     As.  P.  L.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Hayes,  Rutherford  P.  State  Library  Commis- 
sioner, Columbus,  O. 

Herzog,  Alfred  C.     Ln.  P.  L.,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 

lies,  G:    Journalist,  N.  Y.  City. 

Jones,  Gardner  M.     Ln.  P.  L. ,  Salem,  Mass. 

Kates,  Clarence  S.     F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Kelso,  Tessa  L.  Ex-Ln.,  with  Charles  Scrib- 
ner's  Sons,  N.  Y.  City. 

Lemcke,  E.,  of  Lemcke  &  Buechner,  N.  Y. 
City. 

Lowenstein,  Leon  B.     Memphis,  Tenn. 

Martins,  Charlotte.  As.  Ln.  Princeton  Univ. 
L.,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Merrill,  E:  B.  Ln.  Assoc.  of  the  Bar,  N.  Y. 
City. 

Montgomery,  T:  L.  Ln.  Wagner  Free  Insti- 
tute of  Science,  Philadelphia. 

Moore,  Annie  C.  As.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Nelson,  C:  Alexander.  Deputy  Ln.  Columbia 
College  L.,  N.  Y.  City. 

Nolan,  E:  J.  Ln.  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
Philadelphia. 

*Ogden,  Lucy.     As.  P.  L.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Plummer,  Mary  W.  Ln.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L., 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Prescott,  Harriet  B.  Cataloger  Columbia  Col- 
lege L.,  N.  Y.  City. 

Putnam,  Herbert.     Ln.  P.  L.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Rathbone,  Josephine  A.  As.  Pratt  Institute 
F.  L.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Richardson,  Ernest  C.  Ln.  Princeton  Univ. 
L.,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Skinner,  James  A.  Ln.  N.  Y.  State  Teachers' 
L.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Solberg,  Thorvald,  with  Boston  Book  Co., 
Boston,  Mass. 


Soule,  C:  C.     Trustee  P.  L.,  Brookline,  Mass. 
Stetson,  Willis  K.     Ln.  P.  L.,  New  Haven, Ct. 
Stevens,  W.  F.     Ln.  Railroad  Y.  M.  C.  A.  L., 

N.  Y.  City. 

Stonelake,  Isola  P.     As.  P.  L.,  Newark,  N.  J. 
Thomson,  J:     Ln.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
*Tobitt,    Edith.      Pratt    Institute,    Brooklyn, 

N.  Y. 
Underbill,  Adelaide.     Ref.  Ln.  Vassar  College 

L.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Van  Hoevenberg,  Alma  R.     As.  Ln.  Washing- 
ton Heights  L.,  N.  Y. 
Van  Zandt,  Margaret.     As.  Columbia  College 

L.,  N.  Y.  Ci,ty. 
Wing,   J.    N.,  with   Charles   Scribner's   Sons, 

N.  Y.  City. 
Winser,    Beatrice.      As.  Ln.   P.    L.,    Newark, 

N.  J. 

THE  QUESTION  OF  REINCORPORATION. 

Mr.  Herbert  Putnam,  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee appointed  to  consider  reincorporation, 
makes  the  following  statement  of  his  views  on 
the  matter: 

I  was  one  of  those  who  last  December  favored 
immediate  action  looking  to  the  reincorporation 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  under  United  States  laws  ; 
I  signed  the  call  for  the  special  meeting  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  held  on  Feb.  6  ;  and  I  neverthe- 
less favored  the  postponement  involved  in  the 
vote  passed  at  that  meeting. 

1.  The  advantages  of  a  national  charter  for 
the  A.  L.  A.  are  as  clear  to  me  now  as  they 
were  two  months  ago,  e.g.    A  national  stand- 
ing.    Headquarters   in   Washington.     Advan- 
tages to  the  association  similar  to  those  secured 
to  the  American  Historical  Association  by  its 
federal  charter.     Possible  advantages  to  fed- 
eral interests  similar  to  those  secured  to  federal 
interests  by  the  charter  of  the  National  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences. 

Why  should  not  a  national  association  be  in- 
corporated under  national  laws  ? 

2.  Congress  is  reluctant  to  grant  such  special 
charters.     It  seemed  to  me,  therefore,  wise  to 
take  advantage  of  Mr.  Quigg's  offer  to  intro- 
duce the  bill,  and  to  take  advantage  of  it  while 
his  interest  was  fresh. 

The  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  had  to  be  noti- 
fied 30  days  in  advance,  so  that  the  call  had 
to  be  issued  hastily  in  order  to  bring  the  date 
before  the  adjournment  of  Congress. 

But 

3.  I  had  not  favored  final  action  by  the  Asso- 
ciation without  a  definite  assurance  in  writing 
on  the  part  of  Mr.  Quigg  and  the   joint  com- 
mittee on  the  library  of  a  continued  interest  in 
the  enterprise  and  readiness  to  secure  passage 
of  the  bill. 

4.  At  the  date   of  the   meeting  such  assur- 
ance, though  requested,  had  not  reached  us. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  original  suggestion 
for  the  reincorporation  of  the  A.  L.  A.  was 
coupled  with  a  suggestion  that  it  should  under- 
take a  service  in  the  way  of  visitation  of  the 
national  library.  This  suggestion  also  was  ad- 
vanced by  Mr.  Quigg.  I  did  not  and  do  not 
see  why  the  Association  should  decline  to  render 
such  a  lervice,  provided  the  Library  of  Con- 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


93 


gress  be  a  national  library,  whose  adminis- 
tration is  a  matter  of  national  concern,  and 
provided  the  A.  L.  A.  be  the  best  representative 
of  the  experience  and  judgment  of  the  library 
profession  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  in- 
terests represented  in  the  libraries  of  the 
United  States. 

But  such  a  service  was  not  to  be  volunteered. 
It  should  be  rendered  only  upon  a  request  on 
the  part  of  the  authorities  at  Washington,  ex- 
plicit, formally  expressed,  and  cordially  sup- 
ported by  the  librarians  at  Washington. 

Down  to  the  date  of  the  meeting  such  a 
request  in  such  form  had  not  been  received. 
On  Feb.  6  I  could  not,  therefore,  vote  for  any 
bill  with  a  provision  for  visitation. 

I  had  also  intimation  that  certain  prominent 
members  of  the  A.  L.  A.  felt  that  the  reincor- 
poration  could  not  be  applied  for  at  this  time 
without  suggesting  an  ulterior  motive  of  visita- 
tion. 

Though  still  disposed  to  favor  the  reincorpo- 
ration  for  the  advantages  to  be  secured  as  in- 
dicated above,  I  favored  the  postponement  of 
the  application  until  it  could  be  made  with  the 
general  approval  of  members  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
with  no  misconstruction  of  its  motive,  with 
adequate  consideration  as  to  details,  and  with 
reasonable  assurance  that  it  would  meet  with 
success.  HERBERT  PUTNAM. 

FEB.  8, 1897. 

Mr.  Hayes  and  Mr.  Bowker  also  desire  to  ex- 
press their  approval  of  Mr.  Putnam's  statement 
and  their  endorsement  of  the  views  there  set 
forth. 

PROPOSED  A.  L.A.  PROPAGANDA  APPROPRIA- 
TION. 

PREVIOUS  to  the  special  meeting  the  follow- 
ing circular  was  issued  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Dana  to 
members  of  the  A.  L.  A.  and  to  the  various  4i- 
brary  associations  : 

"  To  the  Special  Meetinf  of  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation, Feb.  6,  1897,  AVw  York  City. 

"It  is  very  important  that  the  membership 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  be  increased.  A  thousand  li- 
brarians, library  assistants,  and  persons  inter- 
ested in  libraries,  can  easily  be  found  who,  by 
joining  the  association,  will  add  to  its  efficiency 
and  to  their  own  enthusiasm  and  effectiveness. 
An  association  of  1000  members  can  speak  with 
more  authority  and  can  do  more  to  promote 
the  library  spirit  and  to  dignify  the  library  pro- 
fession than  can  one  of  400  or  500.  I  hereby 
urge  such  members  of  the  association  as  may 
be  gathered  in  special  session  on  Feb.  6  to 
adopt  a  suitable  resolution  expressing  their  de- 
sire that  the  proper  officials  notify  the  secretary 
of  the  association,  Mr.  Rutherford  P.  Hayes, 
that  he  may  spend  $500  from  available  funds 
of  the  association  in  the  next  few  months  in 
such  propaganda  work  for  the  association  as 
to  him  and  the  president  seem  advisable.  This 
money  would  be  expended  in  securing  the 
presence  at  state  and  city  library  association 
meetings  either  of  Mr.  Hayes  himself,  or  of 
some  other  able  and  popular  representative  of 
A.  L.  A.  interests,  in  securing  the  publication 
in  proper  journals  of  articles  telling  of  the 
aims  of  the  association,  and  in  the  distribution 
by  means  of  periodical  literature,  or  circulars, 


or  letters,  of  such  reading-matter  as  may  en- 
courage the  growth  of  the  library  spirit,  and 
in  other  like  ways  —  and  always  in  securing 
new  members." 

The  matter  presented  in  the  circular  was, 
however,  necessarily  deferred  for  action  till  the 
annual  conference,  as  it  was  not  embodied  in 
the  call  issued  for  the  special  meeting,  and  was 
therefore  out  of  order,  under  section  19  of  the 
constitution  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

HANDBOOK. 

THE  A.  L.  A.  Handbook  for  1897  has  been 
published,  and  copies  may  be  obtained  by  ad- 
dressing the  secretary,  R.  P.  Hayes,  State  Li- 
brary, Columbus,  O.  Every  member  should 
have  copies-  of  the  "  Handbook,"  not  only  for 
reference  but  for  distribution.  The  new  edi- 
tion is  modelled  closely  upon  that  of  1894,  but 
brings  the  record  of  library  matters  up  to  Jan- 
uary, 1897.  The  full  printed  list  of  members 
of  the  A.  L.  A.,  brought  up  to  the  same  date, 
will  be  generally  welcomed.  Another  useful 
feature  is  the  list  of  library  associations,  which, 
however,  does  not  include  the  Western  Penn- 
sylvania Library  Association  or  the  new 
Travelling  Library  Association  of  North  Wis- 
consin. A  list  of  state  library  commissions 
and  a  short  tabulated  statement  of  the  library 
laws  of  the  different  states  would  have  been 
useful  features,  and  might  well  be  embodied 
in  future  editions. 


State  £ibrorg  (ZTotntttiseiotte. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

NEW  YORK  :  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION.  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 

WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Mil- 
waukee. 

State  Cibrarg  Qlssociatione. 


LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF  CENTRAL  CALI- 
FORNIA. 

President:  J.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley.  " 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

THE  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was 
held  Jan.  8  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute.  Presi- 
dent Rowell  presided,  and  in  a  brief  address 
reviewed  the  work  of  the  association  for  the 
year.  He  dwelt  in  particular  on  the  good  ac- 
complished in  bringing  the  librarians  into 
closer  and  more  cordial  relations,  and  outlined 
what  might  be  accomplished  in  the  futurtt 


94 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


\Ftbruary,  '97 


Professor  William  Dallam  Armcs,  of  the 
University  of  California,  read  an  extended 
paper  on  the  "  Plantin  Press  and  Museum  of 
Antwerp,"  in  which  he  described  the  many 
beauties  of  that  unique  repository,  illustrating 
it  with  many  photographs  and  sketches. 

Mr.  Kimball  made  a  short  address,  in  which 
he  showed  the  importance  of  state  library  com- 
missions, and  urged  the  association  to  use  its  in- 
fluence toward  establishing  one  for  California. 

The  following  resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted  : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  publishers  of  Harper's  Weekly, 
Scribner's  Magasine,  Review  of  Re^iiews,  and  of  all 
other  periodicals  be  earnestly  requested  to  regularly  for- 
ward to  libraries  and  subscribers  title-page,  table  of  con- 
tents, or  index  for  each  volume  with  the  concluding  num- 
ber of  the  same,  or,  in  the  case  of  weeklies,  as  soon  as 
possible  thereafter." 

A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 

COLOR  A  DO  LIBRA  RY  A  SSOC1A  TION. 
President:    John    Parsons,    Public    Library, 
Denver. 

Secretary :  Herbert  E.  Richie,  City  Library, 
Denver. 

Treasurer  :  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

THE  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the  Colo- 
rado Library  Association  was  called  to  order  at 
8  p.m.  on  Friday  evening,  Jan.  15,  in  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  by  President  Wrritaker. 
Preceding  the  regular  papers  on  the  pro- 
gram and  under  the  head  of  miscellaneous 
business  the  association  decided  to  take  some 
action  regarding  the  appointment  of  a  state 
library  commission.  There  is  now  before  the 
state  legislature  a  bill  introduced  by  the  asso- 
ciation providing  for  such  appointment,  and 
the  association  decided  that  after  conferring 
with  the  governor  and  learning  whether  a  sug- 
gestion would  be  agreeable  or  not,  it  would  be 
desirable  to  have  the  executive  committee  send 
a  list  of  15  names  to  each  member  of  the  asso- 
ciation, from  which  they  should  select  eight 
names  to  be  submitted  to  the  governor,  with  a 
recommendation  that  he  appoint  the  commis- 
sion of  five  members  from  that  list,  providing 
the  bill  passes. 

The  association  also  endorsed  a  petition  urg- 
ing the  pass^e  of  the  bill  now  before  Congress 
which  relates  to  the  printing  and  distribution 
of  public  documents. 

The  first  number  on  the  program,  "Book 
printing,"  by  Mr.  J.  Harry  Carson,  was  then 
heard.  Mr.  Carson  had  all  necessary  exhibits 
for  illustrating  bis  talk,  and  the  audience  had 
a  very  good  idea  of  the  operation  of  the  print- 
ing office  when  he  finished.  Mr.  CarSon  went 
into  detail  and  described  the  making  up  of  a 
32-page  form  and  the  folding  of  the  paper.  He 
also  showed  the  various  kinds  of  type  and  a 
variety  of  cuts  and  half-tones,  explaining  the 
manner  of  making  and  using  each. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Bowen  then  talked  on  "  Binding." 
He  had  with  him  a  selection  of  the  tools  of 
his  trade,  and  explained  bookbinding  in  detail, 
giving  practical  illustrations  of  sewing,  using 
several  different  methods;  and  also  showed  the 
methods  of  fastening  on  the  case  or  covers. 
H.  E.  RICHIE,  Secretary, 


CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

JOINT    MEETING    WITH    NEW    iNGLAND    ASSOCIA- 
TIONS. 

THE  sixth  annual  meeting  of  the  Connecticut 
Library  Association  and  the  second  union 
meeting  of  the  library  associations  of  the  New 
England  states  was  held  in  the  hall  of  the  Con- 
necticut Historical  Society,  Wadsworth  Athe- 
njeum,  Feb.  3. 

The  morning  session,  held  at  n  o'clock,  was 
a  business  meeting  of  the  Connecticut  Library 
Association,  at  which  the  usual  reports  were 
read  and  accepted.  An  invitation  from  the 
Scoville  Memorial  Library,  Salisbury,  to  hold 
the  May  meeting  with  them  was  referred  to 
the  executive  board.  The  following  officers 
were  elected:  President,  Frank  B.  Gay,  Hart- 
ford; Vice-presidents,  Frederic  Bill,  Groton, 
Isabella  Eldridge,  Norfolk,  Frederick  Hurd, 
Bridgeport,  Ellen  Spencer,  Naugatuck,  Mrs. 
Donald  T.  Warner,  Salisbury; Secretary,  Ange- 
line Scott,  South  Norwalk  ;  Assistant  secre- 
tary, Josephine  S.  Heydrick,  Southport;  Treas- 
urer, Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New  Britain. 

At  1:36  the  Massachusetts  Library  Club  held 
a  business  meeting. 

The  union  session,  at  2  p.m.,  opened  with  a 
large  attendance,  representatives  being  present 
from  all  the  New  England  states  except  Maire. 
Mr.  W.  K.  Stetson,  president  of  the  Connecti- 
cut Library  Association,  introduced  Hon.  James 
G.  Batterson,  vice-president  of  the  Wadsworth 
Athenaeum. 

Mr.  Batterson, after  extending  a  cordial  wel- 
come to  the  city  of  Hartford  and  the  freedom 
of  the  library,  expressed  the  deep  interest  of 
the  people  in  the  importance  of  the  duties  of  a 
librarian.     To  know  what  books  to  read,  how 
to  read   them,  and   where  to  find   them  were 
questions  of  great  importance  in  every  com- 
munity.    The    librarian    cannot    control    the 
tastes  nor  the   habit  of  the   reader,  but   can 
frequently  give  sound  advice.     It  is  to  be  re- 
gretted that  the  use  of  our  circulating  libraries 
is,  to  a  too  great  extent,  a  matter  of  temporary 
diversion   rather  than   mental   discipline   and 
useful  education.     Novel-reading  is  not  to  be 
condemned   because   the   characters   are   ficti- 
tious, for  by  such  means  we  may  exemplify  the 
most  exalted  truth  or  preach  the  gospel  of  love 
and  mercy.    It  is  true  that  the  best  thoughts 
of  great  writers   of  modern   times   have  been 
expressed  in  fiction,  and  the  question  is   how 
to    use   these   works    as    a   means    of   educa- 
tion rather  than  one  of  dissipation.     The  con- 
firmed novel-reader  is  always  being  filled  but 
never  fed;  and,  though  he  may  submit  to  ad- 
vice, he  never  will  to  dictation.     Established 
courses  of   reading  will   seldom   be  followed. 
"Very  few  of  those  who  read  most  can  bear 
examination  on  the  books  they  have  read;  they 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


95 


have  simply  had  a  temporary  diversion  —  have 
been  amused  —  and  that  is  all. 

"  I  have  often  thought  that  a  monthly  meet- 
ing of  the  readers  in  a  library,  to  discuss  the 
authors,  ask  questions,  and  submit  papers  on 
the  various  subjects  of  their  reading,  would  not 
only  be  profitable  but  lead  to  more  careful  and 
studious  reading.  The  selection  of  a  subject 
for  inquiry  and  discussion  at  a  future  meeting, 
far  enough  removed  to  admit  of  generous 
reading  and  some  preparation,  would  lead  to  a 
demand  for  the  authorities  on  that  particular 
subject,  and  stimulate  reading  and  investiga- 
tion to  a  most  profitable  end  and  purpose. 
Give  your  readers  opportunity  for  question- 
ings and  discussions  on  the  subjects  treated  by 
the  books  they  read,  and  you  will  in  a  great 
measure  correct  the  vice  of  aimless  and  desul- 
tory reading,  by  providing  a  point  for  immedi- 
ate application.  One  finds  that  he  has  gained 
something  by  the  moral  which  follows  the  plot 
of  a  beautiful  story;  another  finds  instruction 
in  the  sublime  art  of  its  telling;  and  both  find 
facts  in  fiction  which  are  well  worth  saving. 

"An  association  of  library  readers  for  the 
purpose  of  reviewing  in  a  home-like  and  con- 
versational way  the  books  which  have  been 
read  might  be  made  very  helpful,  not  only  to 
the  readers  themselves  but  also  to  the  libra- 
rians and  the  committee  who  supply  the  ma- 
terial for  their  use.  A  library  reader  has  been 
attracted  by  the  story  of  'Ben-Hur'  to  the 
enormous  wagers  laid  on  the  result  of  the 
chariot  race  at  Antioch,  and  he  sends  up  the 
question,  '  What  is  the  sum  of  120  talents  in 
our  money?'  No  one  answers,  and  the  ques- 
tion is  referred  to  some  one  who  will  look  it  up 
and  rep'y  at  the  next  meeting.  Another  asks, 
'  Which  one  of  the  Caesars  is  referred  to  when 
Drusus  shouts,  "  Who  but  Caesar  hath  50  talents 
at  order  ! "  '  Such  questions  break  the  ice,  and 
the  discussion  on  the  relations  of  Rome  to  An- 
tioch, the  grievances  of  the  Jews,  the  horses  of 
the  desert,  and  the  customs  of  the  time  becomes 
general,  and  all  who  have  read  the  books  are 
amazed  to  find  how  many  interesting  and  im- 
portant points  have  been  overlooked  by  hasty 
reading." 

In  answer  to  the  call  for  reports  from  New 
England  library  associations,  Miss  Louise  G. 
Bartlett,  of  the  St.  Johnsbury  Athenaeum,  re- 
ported from  Vermont.  The  association  had 
had  but  one  meeting,  as  the  libraries  are  so 
widely  separated,  the  librarians  in  many  cases 
having  no  salary,  that  it  is  difficult  to  get  to- 
gether. Since  organizing  the  library  commis- 
sion 61  new  libraries  have  been  started. 

Mr.  W.  H.  Tillinghast,  secretary  of  the 
Massachusetts  Li' rary  Club,  said  that  the 
chief  question  of  interest  before  their  club  dur- 
ing the  year  had  been  that  of  continuing  the 
lists  of  select  fiction  The  report  on  the  matter 
submitted  by  the  executive  board  of  the  club  is 
printed  elsewhere.  (See  p.  98.) 

The  report  from  Connecticut  given  by  the 
secretary  showed  that  three  meetings  of  much 
interest  had  been  held,  and  that  36  towns  had 
accepted  and  added  to  state  aid  in  behalf  of  their 
libraries. 


Mr.  Herbert  Putnam,  librarian  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library  and  president  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club,  then  gave  a  most  interest- 
ing address,  which  opened  with  a  graceful  re- 
sponse to  Mr.  Batterson's  welcome  and  a  trib- 
ute to  the  advantages  of  Hartford  in  respect 
to  its  libraries.  In  examin;ng  the  list  of  sub- 
jects discussed  by  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation, the  Library  Association  of  the  United 
Kingdom,  and  many  of  the  state  associations, 
he  found  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  subjects  dis- 
cuss<  d  in  the  siate  association  to  be  the  same 
as  those  in  the  general  associations,  and  sug- 
gested that,  while  the  general  associations 
should  take  the  larger  subjects  of  library  ad- 
ministration and  economics,  the  state  associa- 
tions might  do  better  to  spend  a  larger  per- 
centage of  their  time  on  matters  of  more 
local  interest;  local  history,  bibliography,  and 
special  industrial  needs,  purchase  of  books, 
inter-library  loans,  and  especially  the  discussion 
of  books,  that  would  help  the  librarian  in  making 
his  selections  for  purchase ;  that  they  insist  upon 
a  higher  standard  for  library  assistants ;  and  that 
they  emphasize  the  prerogatives  of  librarians. 
The  librarian  should  be  consulted  in  planning 
the  building,  in  selection  of  books,  and  choos- 
ing of  assistants.  The  librarian  of  to-day  has 
a  difficult  problem  presented  to  him  in  this 
age  <.-f  free  thought,  free  speech,  and  unli- 
censed publication.  The  idea  that  a  library 
should  "deny  to  the  public  nothing  that  a 
bookseller  has  to  offer,"  he,  though  of  a  family 
of  booksellers,  most  emphatically  repudiated. 
A  library  should  be  progressive  in  many 
things,  but  conservative  where  it  concerns  a 
question  of  morals  and  social  order,  and  he 
earnestly  urged  the  librarians  to  use  their  in- 
fluence in  counteracting  the  revolutionary  ten- 
dency of  the  age. 

Justin  Winsor,  LL.D.,  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, was  unavoidably  detained  in  Boston, 
so  his  paper  on  "  Maps  "  was  omitted. 

Rev.  Samuel  Hart.  D.D.,  of  Trinity  College, 
opened  the  discussion  on  "Co-operation  in 
Hartford  libraries."  The  method  pursued 
among  the  five  libraries  of  Hartford  he  ex- 
plained as  having  sprung  up  in  a  natural  way, 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  libraries  them- 
selves, rather  than  on  a  definite  plan,  and  was 
to  a  great  extent  useful  in  the  prevention  of 
duplicates  and  the  saving  of  money  for  neces- 
sary purchases. 

The  state  library,  devoted  to  works  of  juris- 
prudence, would  have  books  not  needed  in  the 
other  libraries  ;  the  Watkinson  Library  had 
many  large  and  beautifully  illustrated  books, 
also  many  technical  works  ;ihe  Historical  So- 
ciety had  genealogies  and  local  histories  ;  the 
Theological  Seminary,  collect'ons  of  Bibles  in 
different  languages,  hymnology,  special  periods 
of  ecclesiastical  history,  as  well  as  theology  : 
Trinity  College  hnd  collections  of  pamphleis 
and  sets  of  scientific  works,  English  state  his- 
tory, and  lexicography;  while  the  Publi<-  Li- 
brary supplied  the  current  and  standard  lit- 
erature. Thus,  by  co-operation,  they  had  suc- 
ceeded in  making  of  the  five  one  great  library, 
sending  the  inquirers  to  the  one  where  the 


96 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 


[February,  '97 


best  books  on  special  subjects  are  to  be  found. 
He  also  suggested  that  it  was  a  great  help  in 
getting  rid  of  book  agents,  as  one  could  always 
be  sent  to  the  library  farthest  away. 

Mr.  W:  E.  Foster,  of  the  Providence  Li- 
brary, being  prevented  by  illness  from  at- 
tending the  meeting,  sent  his  paper  on  "Co- 
operation in  Providence  libraries,"  which  was 
read  by  Mr.  F.  B.  Gay,  of  the  Wadsworth  Athe- 
na-urn. The  three  Providence  libraries  repre- 
sented three  well-known  types  which  are  ideal- 
ly adapted  for  co-operation  with  each  other, 
namely,  the  public  library,  the  shareholder's  li- 
brary, and  the  college  library.  A  regular 
monthly  meeting  of  the  librarians  of  the  differ- 
ent libraries  was  held  for  the  purpose  of  com- 
paring notes  and  consultation. 

Similar  methods  for  the  preventing  of  dupli- 
cates as  those  used  in  the  Hartford  libraries 
are  in  use.  The  fundamental  principle  con- 
nected with  the  accessions  to  the  library  is, 
that  the  community  as  a  unit  is  to  be  kept  in 
mind  rather  than  the  constituency  of  any  one  of 
the  libraries  separately.  One  of  the  provisions 
of  the  Athenaeum  Library  is  that  the  librarians 
of  Brown  University  and  of  the  Providence 
Public  Library  shall  be  considered  shareholders 
of  the  Providence  Athenaeum,  thus  making  it 
possible  to  add,  without  embarrassment,  books 
that  might  not  otherwise  be  selected.  The 
Public  Library,  in  its  monthly  bulletins,  by 
placing  the  initials  A.  (Athenaeum)  and  B. 
(Brown)  against  the  titles  of  such  works  as  are 
also  in  those  two  libraries,  not  only  tells  where 
the  books  are  to  be  found,  but  helps,  in  future 
purchasing,  to  prevent  duplicating.  The  last 
bulletin  of  the  year  also  has  40  pages  of  a 
record  of  books  added  to  the  three  libraries. 
They  also  unite  in  the  publication  of  a  list  of 
their  periodicals,  serials,  and  annuals,  which 
has  been  enlarged  so  as  to  cover  20  libra- 
ries and  reading-rooms  in  the  vicinity  of  Prov- 
idence. It  comprises  noo  entries,  and  will  ap- 
pear each  year  in  one  of  the  numbers  of  the 
monthly  bulletin. 

In  the  discussion  that  followed,  Professor 
Perry  spoke  of  the  Hartford  periodical  lists 
published. 

Mr.  C:  A.  Cutter,  of  Northampton,  said  that 
the  two  municipal  libraries  of  that  city  co-oper- 
ate with  each  other  and  also  with  the  Amherst 
College  Library. 

Mr.  Fletcher,  of  Amherst,  remarked  that  the 
library  superstition  that  a  book  once  in  the  li- 
brary should  stay  there  sometimes  prevented 
exchanging  books  to  places  where  they  would 
do  more  good. 

Mr.  Lane,  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  said  that 
the  Athenaeum  Library  was  giving  away  books 
to  the  Medical  Library  without  getting  any- 
thing in  exchange  for  them. 

Mr.  Gay  mentioned  the  transfer  of  pamphlets 
from  the  Hartford  Public  to  the  Watkinson  Li- 
brary. 

Mr.  C:  D.  Hine,  of  the  state  board  of  edu- 
cation, in  answer  to  a  question,  stated  that  the 
school  libraries  of  Hartford  were  mostly  in  the 
Hartford  Public  Library,  just  the  place,  he 
thought,  where  they  should  be. 


Mr.  Putnam  said  he  thought  the  most  serious 
question  was  the  getting  the  book  out  of  the 
catalog,  and  that  some  libraries  were  grow- 
ing poorer  from  the  collections  of  books  which 
they  cannot  get  rid  of. 

Mr.  Bowker,  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  em- 
phasized the  importance  of  sending  lists  of 
missing  numbers  or  books  wanted  to  be  in- 
serted in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

A  resolution  passed  by  the  Library  Associa- 
tion of  Central  California  requesting  publishers 
of  periodicals  to  send  title-page  and  index  with 
the  last  number  of  volume  or  as  soon  after  as 
possible,  without  request,  was  read,  and  after 
some  little  discussion  a  motion  was  made  that 
Mr.  W:  I.  Fletcher  and  Mr.  T.  Solberg  be  in- 
structed  to  draw  up  a  resolution  to  serd  to  the 
A.  L.  A.  committee,  desiring  them  to  consider 
the  question  at  the  next  general  conference. 
The  vote  was  put  and  carried. 

Miss  Caroline  A.  Garland,  of  the  Dover  Pub- 
lic Library,  read  a  very  bright  and  interesting 
paper  on  the  "  Trials  of  a  librarian,"  to  which 
justice  could  not  be  done  in  a  report,  but  .which 
will  appear  in  full  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

Invitations  from  Prof.  Perry  to  visit  the  Case 
Memorial  Library,  and  from  Dr.  Hart  to  visit 
Trinity  College  Library,  were  given,  of  which 
many  present  availed  themselves  the  following 
morning. 

Mr.  W.  C.  Lane,  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  the  trip  abroad,  reported  progress  and  stated 
that  a  final  circular  would  soon  be  issued  with 
full  particulars.  The  party  expect  to  sail  June 
26,  either  from  Boston,  New  York,  or  Phila- 
delphia, according  to  the  accommodations  that 
can  be  secured,  and  the  net  cost  will  be  about 
$350. 

Mr.  Eastman,  of  the  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, said  a  few  words  about  the  library  de- 
partment of  the  National  Educational  Associa- 
tion, and  earnestly  advised  the  executive  board 
of  each  association  represented  to  secure,  if 
possible,  the  attendance  of  five  delegates  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  National  Educational 
Association  of  Milwaukee  in  July,  1897.  As 
all  the  associations  would  have  meetings  of 
their  own  before  that  date,  it  was  thought  best 
to  defer  action  until  the  state  meetings. 

A  message  of  greeting  from  the  Library  As- 
sociation of  Washington  City  was  read,  and  an 
invitation  was  given  from  the  New  Hampshire 
State  Association  to  hold  the  next  union  meet- 
ing with  them  a  year  hence,  or  at  such  time  as 
the  different  associations  might  decide  upon. 

The  meeting  was  then  adjourned  to  the 
United  States  Hotel,  where  the  Connecticut 
Library  Association  entertained  its  guests  at 
supper,  about  150  being  seated  at  the  table. 

An  informal  reception  was  held  in  the  even- 
ing at  the  Wadsworth  Athenaeum,  with  an  ex- 
hibition of  engravings  and  prints  illustrating 
the  Stuarts  of  England,  newspaper  prints, 
scrap-books,  etc.,  in  the  Public  Library,  and 
the  treasures  of  the  Historical  Society.  Charles 
Dudley  Warner,  who  was  to  have  given  the 
evening  address,  was  prevented  by  illness  from 
so  doing. 

MARY  A.  RICHARDSON,  Secretarv. 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


97 


ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

ON  Jan.  20,  1897,  the  Illinois  State  Library 
Association  convened  at  the  state  house,  in 
Springfield,  111.,  for  the  annual  meeting.  It 
was  principally  a  business  meeting.  The  re- 
ports of  the  various  officers  were  read  and  ap- 
proved. The  following  resolution  was  adopt- 
ed by  a  rising  vote: 

Whereas,  Miss  EvyaL.  Moore,  secretary  of  the  Illinois 
State  Library  Association,  has  rendered  most  efficient 
and  valuable  service  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  her 
office  during  the  past  year,  and  has  labored  unceasingly 
and  indefatigably  to  forward  the  interests  of  the  associa- 
tion, in  all  ways  within  her  power,  and 

Whereas,  It  is  learned  with  deep  regret  that  her  pro- 
fessional duties  will  render  it  impossible  for  her  to  ac- 
cept a  re-nomination;  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  By  the  Illinois  State  Library  Association,  in 
annual  convention  assembled,  that  Miss  Moore's  services 
in  its  belialf  be  and  hereby  are  most  gratefully  acknowl- 
edged, and  the  necessity  under  which  she  finds  herself 
cf  declining  re-nomination  be  and  hereby  is  most  sincere- 
ly regretted;  and  be  it  further 

Resolved,  That  these  resolutions  be  spread  upon  the 
permanent  records  of  the  association,  and  a  copy  of  the 
same  forwarded  to  Miss  Moore  by  the  secretary  present- 
ly to  be  elected. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  :  Presi- 
dent, Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  president  public 
library  board,  Evanston;  Vice- Presidents,  E.S. 
Willcox,  librarian  Peoria  Public  Library,  and 
G.  B.  Meleney,  Library  Bureau,  Chicago;  Sec- 
retary, Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  librarian  Illinois 
State  Normal  College,  Normal  ;  Treasurer,  P. 
F.  Bicknell,  librarian  University  of  Illinois, 
Champaign. 

This  resolution  was  then  adopted: 

Whereas,  Miss  Katherine  L.  Sharp  has  rendered  most 
efficient  service  during  the  past  year  as  director  of  the 
Bureau  of  Information  established  by  the  Illinois  State 
Library  Association,  therefore  be  it 

Resolved,  That  the  association  hereby  express  its  ap- 
preciation of  Miss  Sharp's  work  as  director  of  the  bureau, 
and  request  her  to  continue  it  during  the  coming  year. 

There  was  a  discussion  of  the  steps  necessary 
to  establish  the  much-desired  state  library  com- 
mission. 

Mr.  Dana's  circular  was  read,  requesting  the 
special  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  soon  to  be  held, 
to  authorize  the  secretary  of  that  body  to  spend 
$500  in  advancing  the  interests  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
The  wording  of  the  circular  was  somewhat 
modified  and  then  endorsed  by  the  association, 
and  the  proper  officers  were  instructed  to  sign 
it  in  its  amended  form  and  forward  it  for  the 
special  meeting. 

It  was  announced  that  the  National  Educa- 
tional Association  invited  all  library  associa- 
tions to  send  duly  accredited  delegates  to  the 
meeting  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  to  be  held  in  Milwau- 
kee next  July.  It  was  decided  that  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Illinois  State  Library  Association 
should  appoint  a  representative  to  attend  that 
meeting. 

The  meeting  closed  with  an  informal  discus- 
sion of  a  question  asked  by  a  new  member  — 
"  How  is  a  membership  in  this  association 
going  to  benefit  a  subscription  library?" 

ANGE  V.  MILNER,  Secretary. 


INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Library  Bureau,  125  Franklin  street,  Chicago 
111. 

IOWA  LIBRARY  SOCIETY. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

THE  meeting  of  the  Iowa  State  Library  Society, 
which  was  held  in  Des  Moines,  Dec.  29-31, 1896, 
was  one  of  unusual  interest  and  importance. 
This  was  the  seventh  annual  meeting  of  the  soci- 
ety, which  met  as  the  library  section  of  the  state 
teachers'  association,  as  it  had  done  for  the  two 
meetings  immediately  preceding.  For  the  first 
day  a  full  program  had  been  prepared,  two 
sessions  being  held.  On  the  second  and  third 
days  only  half-day  sessions  were  held,  the  rest 
of  the  time  being  given  to  the  meetings  of  the 
general  body.  The  following  is  the  program 
in  full: 

TUESDAY,    DEC.    29.  —  First    session.  —  Enrol- 
ment of  members. 
Reports  of  secretary  and  treasurer. 
Reports  of  committees. 

History  of  library  work  in  Iowa  —  W.  H. 
Johnston,  president  board  of  trustees,  Pub- 
lic Library,  Fort  Dodge. 

_;  Second  session.  —  Advantages  of  a  state  li- 
brary commission  —  W.  P.  Payne,  presi- 
dent board  of  trustees,  Public  Library, 
Nevada. 

How  to  select  and  purchase  books  —  Eliza- 
beth Peterson,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Council  Bluffs. 

The  proper  relation  between  the  library  and 
the  public  —  Mrs.  Rosa  Oberholtzer,  libra- 
rian Public  Library,  Sioux  City. 
WEDNESDAY,    DEC.  30.  —  Third  session.  —  Care 
and  use  of  public  documents.     J.  R.   Or- 
wig,    first    assistant,   State   Library,   Des 
Moines. 
Cataloging  —  Abbie    R.    Knapp,    cataloger 

Public  Library,  Des  Moines. 
THURSDAY,    DEC.    31. — Fourth  session.  —  Re- 
ports of  committees. 
Election  of  officers. 

Value  of  a  public  library  to  a  community  — 
Mrs.  M.   P.   Scheeler,  librarian  Public  Li- 
brary, Marshalltown. 
General  questions  and  discussions. 
The  subjects  of  the  papers  had  been  chosen 
with  the  combined  purpose  of  stimulating  in- 
terest and'giving  practical  information.     Each 
topic  had   received  careful   treatment  by   the 
person  to  whom  it  had  been  assigned,  and  each 
paper  was  followed  by  a  discussion  which  de- 
veloped its  helpful  points. 

The  paper  upon  the  "  History  of  library  work 
in  Iowa  "traced  the  development  of  libraries  in 
the  state,  including  the  state  library,  state  uni- 
versity library,  Iowa  historical  department, 
various  association  libraries,  and  the  many  free 
public  libraries  which  have  been  established 
throughout  the  state,  showing  how  the  work 
has  developed  from  small  beginnings. 


98 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


[February,  '97 


Mr.  Payne,  in  presenting  "The  advantages 
of  a  state  library  com.nission,"  set  forth  the 
benefits  to  be  derived  from  a  centralization  of 
library  interestsand  theconsequent  harmonious 
development  of  the  work  throughout  the  whole 
state,  and  showed  how  valuable  such  a  com- 
mission had  proved  itself  in  other  states. 

"  How  to  select  and  purchase  books  "  was  a 
subject  full  of  practical  interest,  and  the  paper 
upon  this  topic  gave  helpful  suggestions  as  to 
methods  of  selecting  books  in  a  systematic  way 
so  that  the  library  might  be  built  up  symmet- 
rically. It  also  considered  desirable  plans  of 
making  book  purchases,  the  writer  believing 
that  the  plan  of  buying  from  a  large  central 
house  was,  upon  the  whole,  more  satisfactory 
than  any  other. 

Mrs.  Oberholtzer's  paper  upon  the  "Proper 
relation  between  the  library  and  the  public  " 
was  rich  in  suggestions  as  to  ways  in  which  a 
library  may  be  made  attractive  and  useful  to 
the  people  who  visit  it,  and  set  a  high  standard 
for  those  who  are  responsible  for  library  ad- 
ministration. 

"  The  care  and  use  of  public  documents  "  is 
not  a  fascinating  subject  to  the  average  libra- 
rian, but  the  completeness  and  value  of  the 
information  to  be  found  in  the  publications  of 
the  government  were  made  so  prominent  by 
Mr.  Orwig  that  the  sheep-bound  volumes  bear- 
ing the  government  imprint  took  on  a  new 
interest  in  the  minds  of  his  listeners.  Atten- 
tion was  called  to  the  various  helps  which  have 
been  published  in  the  way  of  indexes  to  these 
publications,  and  the  hope  was  expressed  that 
in  the  near  future  more  complete  work  might  be 
done  in  this  field. 

The  lesson  in  cataloging  was  in  pursuance 
of  the  course  of  study  which  was  adopted  by 
the  society  two  years  ago,  the  subject  of 
"Classification"  having  been  taken  up  at  the 
meeting  of  last  year.  Blackboard  illustration 
was  used  to  show  cataloging  methods  in  de- 
tail, and  various  books  were  provided,  the 
cataloging  of  which  served  as  an  object  lesson. 

The  paper  upon  the  "Value  of  a  public 
library  to  a  community"  emphasized  the  civic 
and  economic  value  to  the  community  at  large, 
as  well  as  the  recreative  and  educational  one 
to  the  individual.  Attention  was  called  to  the 
fact  that  libraries  are  always  classed  with 
churches,  schools,  and  business  and  "industrial 
institutions  as  elements  in  the  life  of  a  com- 
munity which  aid  in  its  development  and  at- 
tract citizens  of  the  most  desirable  class. 

One  important  result  of  the  meeting  of  the 
society  was  its  decision  to  withdraw  from  the 
connection  which  it  has  for  two  years  past  held 
with  the  teachers'  association,  and  maintain 
an  independent  organization.  It  is  the  belief 
of  a  majority  of  the  members  that  the  organi- 
zation will  be  strengthened  and  have  a  better 
growth  if  the  library  society  meets  indepen- 
dently, and  at  some  other  date  than  that  of  the 
regular  meeting  of  the  teachers'  association. 
The  society  will  therefore  soon  become  an  in- 
corporated body,  the  following  members  hav- 
ing been  appointed  a  committee  to  draft  articles 
of  incorporation:  C.  H.  Gatch,  president  board 


of  trustees,  DCS  Moines  Public  Library;  Mrs. 
Lana  H.  Cope,  state  librarian;  J.  W.  Rich,  li- 
brarian state  university,  Iowa  City. 

The  next  meeting  will  be  held  in  Des  Moines, 
the  time  to  be  fixed  by  an  executive  committee 
composed  of  the  president  and  secretary  ex- 
ojficio;  Mary  Cassidy,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Winterset;  Jennie  Carpenter,  librarian  Drake 
University,  Des  Moines;  and  J.  W.  Rich.  Mr. 
Rich  has  for  two  years  served  the  society  most 
acceptably  as  its  president. 

Officers  for  the  year  1897  were  elected  as 
follows:  President,  W.  H.  Johnston;  Vice- 
president,  W.  P.  Payne;  Secretary,  Ella  M. 
McLoney;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Lana  H.  Cope. 

An  earnest  attempt  is  to  be  made  to  secure  a 
library  commission  for  Iowa.  An  extra  ses- 
sion of  the  legislature  will  be  held  the  present 
winter,  but  as  it  is  called  for  the  special  pur- 
pose of  revising  the  code  it  is  possible  that  no 
other  legislation  will  be  taken  up.  There  is 
some  hope,  however,  that  the  matter  of  a 
library  commission  may  receive  attention. 
ELLA  M.  McLoNEY,  Secretary. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary  :  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MA SSA  CHUSE TTS  LIBRA RY  CL UB. 

President :  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library 
Boston. 

Secretary:  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

REPORT  ON   CONTINUING   FICTION  LISTS. 

THE  Massachusetts  Library  Club  accepted, 
as  an  organization,  the  invitation  extended  by 
the  Connecticut  Library  Association  to  be  pres- 
ent at  the  second  union  meeting  of  New  Eng- 
land library  associations  at  Hartford,  Ct.,  on 
Feb.  3.  About  35  members  of  the  club  were 
present.  A  business  meeting  was  held  just  be- 
fore the  afternoon  session  of  the  associations. 
The  following  report  from  the  executive  com- 
mittee was  read  : 

At  the  annual  meeting  in  October  last  the 
committee  on  lists  of  select  fiction  presented  a 
report  of  their  year's  work.  The  question 
whether  the  club  should  undertake  to  continue 
the  lists  was  referred  to  the  executive  commit- 
tee, with  full  power,  but  under  the  condition 
that  the  expense  to  the  club  was  not  to  exceed 
$50  annually. 

At  this  time  it  was  thought  that  the  publish- 
ing section  of  the  A.  L.  A.  would  be  able  to 
undertake  the  publication  and  distribution  of 
the  lists,  but  this  they  subsequently  found 
themselves  unable  to  do,  and  recommended 
that  the  lists  be  published  in  some  library  or 
literary  journal. 

The  12  numbers  published  last  year  cost 
in  round  numbers,  and  exclusive  of  sample 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


99 


copies  of  no.  i,  $143,  of  which  $81  was  paid 
for  printing,  $45  for  expressage  and  postage 
on  books,  and  $17  for  office  expenses  and  post- 
age on  the  lists.  Independent  publication, 
therefore,  could  not  cost  much  less  than  $150  a 
year,  while  publication  in  a  journal  would  cost 
$60,  and  perhaps  more,  since  during  the  first 
year  many  readers  bore  the  expense  of  the 
transmission  of  books,  which,  of  course,  could 
not  be  expected  as  a  permanent  arrange- 
ment. 

Either  plan  seemed  to  be  beyond  the  re- 
sources of  the  club,  the  annual  surplus  from 
our  income  never  having  reached  $50.  Before 
coming  to  a  decision,  however,  the  executive 
committee  wished  to  ascertain  as  accurately  as 
possible  the  opinions  of  those  who  had  re- 
ceived the  lists  upon  their  actual  value  as  a 
guide  in  selecting  books,  and  also  whether  it 
would  be  possible  to  continue  independent  pub- 
lication by  means  of  an  increased  subscription 
price.  Circulars  were  sent  to  all  persons  who 
had  received  the  lists  —  about  600  in  number. 
The  circular  stated  the  difficulties  of  the  situa- 
tion, and  asked  from  each  recipient  a  reply  to 
questions  printed  on  a  detachable  sheet. 

Of  the  600  persons  to  whom  the  fiction  lists 
had  been  supplied  for  a  year,  242  returned  the 
sheet  of  questions  with  more  or  less  full  re- 
plies. From  these  the  following  results  ap- 
pear : 

1.  141  made  considerable  use  of  the  lists  in 
selecting  books  for  purchase;  85  made  little  or 
no  use  of  them  in  this  way. 

2.  100   persons,    not  being  members  of  the 
club,  were  willing  to-  pay  50  cents  a  year  for 
the  lists  published  separately,  77  members  of 
the  club  were  willing  to  pay  25  cents  a  year;  in 
all  177  were  willing  to  subscribe;  41  were  un- 
willing to  pay  at  all  for  the  lists. 

3.  75  preferred  publication  in  a  journal,  94 
preferred  independent  publication,  30  had  no 
preference,  and  43  did  not  reply  to  this  ques- 
tion. 

Criticism  of  the  lists  was  invited  in  the  circu- 
lar; from  what  was  written  under  this  head  it 
appears  that  the  great  majority  were  well 
pleased  with  the  form  of  the  lists  and  with  the 
standard  of  judgment  shown  in  selecting  the 
books.  The  larger  libraries,  however,  found 
the  lists  of  little  value  as  an  aid  to  selections, 
because  books  were  generally  on  their  shelves 
before  the  lists  containing  their  titles  reached 
the  library.  Yet  these  libraries  were  willing  to 
support  the  lists  because  they  thought  them 
likely  to  be  of  use  to  small  libraries.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  very  small  libraries,  which  buy 
books  but  once  or  twice  a  year,  found  the  lists 
of  no  use  for  reasons  which  will  appear  from 
one  or  two  quotations  : 

"  The  lists  are  all  right  for  a  large  library, 
but  we  have  no  trouble  in  selecting  standard 
works,  as  we  have  but  little  money  to  spend." 

"  They  would  be  useful  to  purchasing  com- 
mittees who  had  plenty  of  funds;  it  is  the  aim 
of  our  committee  to  obtain  history,  biography, 
and  travels,  and  they  put  into  the  library  the 
least  possible  fiction." 

"As  many  of  the  books  on  these  lists  are 


just  out  they  are  more  expensive  than  books 
which  have  been  on  the  market  longer.  We 
have  only  the  return  from  the  dog  tax  to  expend 
yearly,  so  we  do  not  purchase  as  many  of  the 
books  just  published  as  we  otherwise  might; 
therefore  the  lists  are  not  of  as  much  use  to  us 
as  they  doubtless  are  to  libraries  in  larger 
towns." 

"The  books  from  the  lists  are  mostly  too 
high-priced  for  us  to  purchase." 

There  remains  a  class  of  libraries  of  medi- 
um size,  say  from  1000  to  10,000  volumes,  in 
which  the  lists  are  really  of  practical  use  in 
aiding  selection;  these  libraries  'are  by  no 
means  confined  to  Massachusetts  and  Rhode 
Island.  Of  those  willing  to  subscribe  50  cents 
48  were  from  other  states,  including  Califor- 
nia, Colorado,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Illinois, 
Iowa,  Maine,  Michigan,  Montana,  Nebraska, 
New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio, 
Pennsylvania,  Vermont,  Washington,  and  Wis- 
consin. 

The  cost  of  publication  on  either  plan  would 
clearly  exceed. the  sum  of  $50  allowed  by  the 
club,  therefore  the  committee  voted  not  to  con- 
tinue the  preparation  of  the  lists,  and  notice  to 
that  effect  was  sent  to  th.e  publishing  section, 
which,  pending  our  discussion,  had  reserved 
for  the  use  of  our  readers  the  works  of  fiction 
received  for  cataloging. 

It  was  well  known  when  this  enterprise  was 
undertaken  that  the  unaided  resources  of  the 
club  would  not  be  enough  to  carry  it  on  perma- 
nently. Although  the  support  promised  for 
the  future  is  not  sufficient  to  make  up  the  de- 
ficiency the  committee  feel  that  the  experi- 
ment has  been  both  of  interest  and  of  use. 
The  replies  to  the  circular  show  clearly 
that  the  lists  are  highly  valued  by  libraries 
in  a  certain  stage  of  growth,  and  that  this 
value  is  not  local  but  national.  There  are  also 
many  indications  that  a  better  acquaintance 
with  the  lists  would  prove  them  of  use  in 
libraries  where  they  have  not  yet  even  recogni- 
tion. It  cannot  be  said  that  the  experiment  has 
failed,  it  has  simply  not  had  sufficient  length 
of  trial. 

The  club  of  itself  cannot  continue  the  work  — 
its  income  under  present  conditions  is  too  small 
—  and  during  the  first  year  there  were  signs 
that  it  would  be  difficult  to  find  a  continuous 
supply  of  readers  under  the  plan  adopted.  If 
it  is  desired  to  continue  the  experiment  it 
should  be  the  work  of  a  larger  and  more  pow- 
erful organization.  If  the  A.  L.  A.  is  unable 
to  undertake  it,  a  possible  means  might  be  found 
in  the  co-operation  of  local  associations.  At 
the  time  when  it  was  thought  that  the  co-oper- 
ative cataloging  might  be  transferred  to  New 
York  a  letter  was  written  to  the  president  of  the 
New  York  Library  Club  inquiring  whether  in 
case  of  such  transfer  that  club  would  undertake 
the  publication  of  the  lists  for  a  year.  In_  re- 
sponse to  this  inquiry  a  committee  to  consider 
the  question  was  appointed  by  the  club.  The 
retention  of  the  cataloging  work  in  Boston 
naturally  prevented  the  committee  from  advis- 
ing the  New  York  club  to  undertake  the  work, 
but  it  extended  to  this  club  a  cordial  offer  of 


100 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


assistance  with  the  earnest  hope  that  the  work 
would  not  be  discontinued. 

We  recommend  the  appointment  of  a  spe- 
cial committee  to  confer  with  the  committee  of 
the  New  York  Library  Club  and  to  correspond 
with  other  library  organizations,  to  see  whethe'r 
means  can  be  devised  for  continuing  the  work 
begun  by  the  fiction  committee  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club,  by  co-operation  as  re- 
gards labor  and  expense. 

In  conclusion  the  committee  wishes  to  ex- 
press warm  appreciation  of  the  work  done 
by  the  fiction  list  committee,  with  such  en- 
thusiasm, energy,  and  painstaking  carefulness. 
To  the  Library  Bureau  we  are  grateful,  not 
only  for  permission  to  use  the  books  whenever 
the  undertaking  became  possible,  but  for  other 
favors  almost  as  essential  to  carrying  on  tho 
work. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Stone  the  report  was  ac- 
cepted and  the  recommendation  of  the  commit- 
tee was  adopted.  The  president  announced 
that  the  committee  would  be  announced  later. 
The  meeting  then  adjourned  to  attend  the  ses- 
sion of  the  Connecticut  Association.  The  ad- 
dresses and  discussions  were  greatly  enjoyed, 
while  the  supper  at  the  United  States  Hotel 
and  the  social  evening  at  the  Wadsworth  Athe- 
naeum were  extremely  pleasant. 

WM.  H.  TILLINGHAST,  Secretary, 

MICHIGA N  LIBRA RY  A SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary :  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer- 
sity, Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRA  SKA  LIBRARY  A  SSOCIA  TION, 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  MaryL.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HA  MPSHIRE  LIBRA  RY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

THEeighth  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Hamp- 
shire Library  Association  was  held  in  Man- 
chester at  the  city  hall,  Jan.  27.  It  was  in 
every  way  successful.  The  morning  session 
was  called  to  order  at  11:30,  and  was  addressed 
first  by  Mayor  Clarke,  who  paid  a  deserved 
tribute  to  Miss  Kate  E.  Sanborn,  city  librarian, 
and  said  he  was  especially  glad  to  welcome  to 
the  city  an  organization  of  the  character  of  the 
association. 


Before  the  meeting  proceeded  to  the  election 
of  officers,  Miss  Caroline  H.  Garland,  of  Dover, 
read  some  amendments,  which  were  unani- 
mously adopted.  Their  aim  was  to  make  the 
president  and  other  officials  the  active  officers 
of  the  association,  and  the  report  of  the  nom- 
inating committee  being  next  accepted  the  fol- 
lowing is  the  new  executive  board  for  1897: 
President,  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord;  Vice-presi- 
dents, Prof.  M.  D.  Bisbee,  Dartmouth  College, 
and  Col.  Daniel  Hall,  Dover;  Secretary,  Miss 
Grace  Blanchard,  Concord;  Treasurer,  Miss 
A.  E.  Pickering,  Newington. 

Pamphlet  copies  of  a  paper  on  "  Co-opera- 
tion among  the  libraries  of  New  Hampshire," 
written  by  State  Librarian  A.  H.  Chase,  were 
in  the  possession  of  the  members  and  a  discus- 
sion upon  the  matter  was  introduced,  the  point 
most  discussed  being  the  recommendation  that 
towns  and  cities  interchange  the  books  of  their 
libraries  on  request.  Col.  Hall,  of  Dover,  the 
first  speaker,  was  heartily  in  favor  of  the 
proposition  to  loan  the  books  of  the  state  li- 
brary at  least.  These  books  are  the  property  of 
the  whole  people  of  the  state,  and  the  right  book 
has  often  been  instrumental  in  the  development 
of  a  great  mind.  Col.  Hall  closed  by  saying 
that  the  meetings  of  the  association  were 
priceless  and  of  inestimable  value  to  the  New 
Hampshire  public. 

The  co-operative  suggestion  was  next  dis- 
cussed by  Mr.  J.  H.  Whittier,  of  the  State 
Board  of  Library  Commissioners,  and  by  Mr. 
Fred.Gowing,  State  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction. 

Mr.  Whittier  called  the  idea  the  "travelling 
library  craze  which  our  New  England  town 
library  system  will  outlive."  It  "  savored  of 
paternalism,"  "was  wrong  in  principle  and 
with  no  compensating  benefits." 

Mr.  Gowing  declared  that  the  needs  of  pupils 
and  teachers  throughout  the  state  could  be 
supplied  by  the  loaning  of  books,  not  only 
from  the  state  library,  which  was  a  right,  but 
from  town  library  to  town  library. 

Mr.  Whittier  replied  that  this  was  contrary 
to  the  constitution;  that  one  town  could  not  be 
taxed  for  the  wants  of  another. 

Mr.  Gowing  retorted  that  when  Manchester 
was  on  fire  Nashua  would  be  glad  to  lend  her 
engines  and  men.  Everybody  now  concerned 
in  the  loan  idea  was  on  fire,  or  ought  to  be. 
He  said  New  Hampshire  was  sparsely  popu- 
lated, and  many  teachers  found  it  impossible 
to  procure  much-desired  books.  "  The  greater 
the  schoolma'am's  disadvantage,  all  the  more 
eager  we  should  be  to  help  her."  Mr.  Gowing 
thought  the  physician,  the  lawyer,  and  the 
mechanic  could  argue  in  favor  of  the  loan  idea 
from  the  standpoint  of  their  professions  or 
trades  as  he  could  from  that  of  teacher. 

This  live  discussion  was  brought  to  a  close 
amid  laughter  and  applause  by  the  need  of 
adjournment  for  dinner  at  the  hotel.  Previ- 
ously, however,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
report  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  association 
on  the  other  points  in  Mr.  Chase's  paper  which 
touch  upon  the  winning  of  new  members,  the 
number  of  yearly  meetings,  the  publication  of 


February^  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


101 


a  state  periodical  devoted  to  library  interests, 
the  forming  of  a  committee  to  reply  to  libra- 
rians puzzling  over  any  question,  etc. 

At  2:30,  after  an  enjoyable  repast,  and  with 
increased  attendance,  the  association  opened 
its  afternoon  session  by  welcoming  Mr.  W.  I. 
Fletcher,  of  Amherst.  Mr.  Fletcher's  subject, 
"  Library  administration  for  practical  results 
in  the  community,"  led  him  to  talk  in  a  most 
charming  and  entertaining  manner.  He  is  not 
in  favor  of  too  much  conventionality  in  library 
methods  and  would  like  to  see,  instead  of  the 
delivery-desk  and  coolness  of  employes,  shelves 
open  of  access  and  hospitality  and  encourage- 
ment on  the  library  banner. 

Mr.  Gardner  M.  Jones,  librarian  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  who  was  present  and  favored  the  associ- 
ation by  being  its  next  speaker,  felt  that  free- 
dom of  access  was  not  best  under  all  circum- 
stances, and  that  the  new  and  progressive 
Philadelphia  library,  praised  by  Mr.  Fletcher 
for  its  open  arrangement,  suffered  a  loss  of 
many  hundred  volumes  because  of  its  ease  of 
access.  Mr.  Jones  had  taken  pains  to  think 
what  special  lines  of  books  would  be  needed 
in  New  Hampshire  and  named  works  on  for- 
estry, good  roads,  and  even  cooking,  for  its 
chief  industry,  which  he  understood  was  that 
of  summer  boarding. 

Miss  Moulton,  of  Exeter,  who  was  to  have 
participated  in  the  discussion  upon  Mr.  Fletch- 
er's paper,  was  unavoidably  absent. 

Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  of  Concord,  the  other 
librarian  on  the  program,  said  she  felt  the 
pulse  of  the  public's  needs  by  reading  sign- 
boards and  newspaper  locals,  and  by  thus  as- 
certaining what  things  residents  were  making 
or  doing,  she  was  enabled  to  call  their  atten- 
tion the  next  time  they  came  to  the  library  to 
the  works  which  would  be  of  benefit  to  them. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned  at  4  o'clock. 
Votes  of  thanks  were  extended  to  the  peo- 
ple of  Manchester,  Mayor  Clarke,  and  to 
the  retiring  president  of  the  association,  Mr. 
W.  W.  Bailey,  of  Nashua,  who  has  been 
most  interested  in  furthering  the  cause.  The 
good  judgment,  cordiality,  and  managing  abil- 
ity of  Miss  Sanborn  are  also  deserving  of 
mention  as  having  made  the  day  a  success. 
She,  with  Miss  Garland  and  Mr.  Gowing.have 
made  the  remarkably  fine  executive  committee 
of  the  past  year.  Every  member  present  in 
Manchester  availed  herself  of  the  opportunity 
to  visit  the  public  library  and  there  study  Miss 
Sanborn's  improvements. 

At  the  rate  at  which  interest  and  enjoyment 
in  the  New  Hampshire  Library  Association 
have  increased,  librarians,  thankful  that  the 
one  session  has  grown  into  two,  will  soon  be 
clamoring  for  a  meeting  to  last  two  days. 

GRACE  BLANCEIARD,  Secretary. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  John  B.  Thompson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Secretary:  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

A  JOINT  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  Library 


Association  and  the  Pennsylvania  Library  Club 
will  be  held  in  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  on  Monday 
April  5.  Two  sessions  will  be  held,  on  Monday 
afternoon  and  evening,  and  return  will  be  made 
the  next  day.  A  public  library  is  much  needed 
in  Atlantic  City,  and  it  is  hoped  that  this  meet- 
ing will  be  effective  in  strengthening  the  local 
library  sentiment. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary  :  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton, 

Treasurer :  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

THE  January  meeting  of  the  club  was  held  on 
Monday,  Jan.  n,  by  invitation  of  Professor 
Wilson,  in  the  rooms  of  the  Philadelphia  Mu- 
seums. The  meeting  was  attended  by  90  odd 
members  and  was  called  to  order  in  the  library 
of  the  museum.  In  the  absence  of  Mr.  Rosen- 
garten,  the  president,  owing  to  illness,  Mr. 
John  Thomson,  of  the  Free  Library,  was  called 
to  the  chair. 

After  some  formal  business  the  following 
officers  for  the  years  1897-98  were  nominated  : 
President,  Henry  J.  Carr,  Scranton  Public  Li- 
brary ;  ist  Vice-president,  John  Thomson,  Free 
Library  of  Philadelphia  ;  2d  Vice-president, 
Robert  P.  Bliss,  Bucknell  Library,  Chester, 
Pa.;  Secretary,  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  librarian  of 
the  Girls'  Normal  School  ;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel  Institute. 

Prof.  William  Wilson,  the  director  of  the  Mu- 
seums, then  delivered  a  short  address  upon 
the  proper  interrelations  between  libraries  and 
museum's.  He  dwelt  upon  the  character  of  the 
literature  which  was  being  collected.  This 
was  necessarily  confined  to  such  books  as 
"Consular  reports,"  "Statistical  journals," 
and  writings  which  dealt  with  the  production 
and  development  of  manufactures.  One  result 
of  the  work  has  been  a  serious  intention  to  in- 
troduce the  growth  of  rubber  into  Florida.  A 
representative  of  the  museum  will  spend  a  year 
in  the  upper  parts  of  the  Amazon  making  a 
study  and  collection  of  all  that  is  material  to 
the  proper  cultivation  and  growth  of  rubber. 
The  natives  may  not  be  very  highly  educated, 
but  they  have  been  sharp  enough  hitherto 
whenever  seeds  have  been  purchased  and 


102 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


taken  from  the  country  to  boil  them  before 
parting  with  them,  thereby  rendering  them  en- 
tirely unproductive.  After  the  address  he 
conducted  the  members  round  various  parts  of 
the  museum  and  gave  a  most  interesting  talk 
on  the  system  pursued,  showing  in  this  Com- 
mercial Museum  the  gradual  use  of  fibrous 
matters  from  their  existence  as  living  plants 
through  successive  processes  till  they  become 
mercantile  articles. 

THE  February  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club  was  held  on  Thursday,  Feb.  4,  at 
the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  and  was 
attended  by  70  members.  The  principal  busi- 
ness of  the  evening  was  the  election. of  the  fol- 
lowing officers  for  1897-98:  President,  Henry 
J.  Carr,  of  Scranton;  Vice-presidents,  John 
Thomson  and  Robert  P.  Bliss;  Secretary,  Miss 
Mary  P.  Farr;  Treasurer,  Miss  Helen  G.  Shel- 
don. 

The  incoming  president  nominated  the  fol- 
lowing executive  committee:  John  Edmands, 
chairman;  T:  L.  Montgomery,  Alfred  Rigling, 
G:  P.  Rupp,  C.  S.  Kates,  Misses  Alice  B.  Kroe- 
ger  and  Jennie  Y.  Middleton,  Mrs.  Fell  and 
Mrs.  Resag. 

The  discussion  of  the  evening  was  devoted 
to  the  life  and  works  of  Richard  Harris  Bar- 
ham,  of  "Ingoldsby"  fame.  Mr.  Lorin  Blod- 
get  read  a  long  and  carefully-prepared  descrip- 
tion of  the  life  of  Barham,  contrasting  the 
ecclesiastical  and  author  sides  of  the  writer 
and  graphically  detailing  the  characteristics 
of  the  coterie  of  punsters  and  humorists  with 
whom  Barham  passed  the  brightest  part  of  his 
career. 

Miss  Edith  Ridgway  next  read  a  clever  re- 
view of  "  Ingoldsby's"  works,  pointing  out  in 
detail  the  attitude  shown  at  the  beginning  of 
the  present  century  towards  the  legendary  part 
of  Christian  lore. 

The  general  impression  was  that  the  prepa- 
ration of  such  papers  by  library  assistants  be- 
fore their  critical  peers  in  library  work  was 
excellent  both  for  the  writers  of  the  papers  and 
their  companions  in  library  life. 

Notice  was  given  that  early  in  April  a  union 
meeting  between  the  New  Jersey  Library  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Pennsylvania  Library  Club  will 
be  held  in  Atlantic  City.  The  meeting  prom- 
ises to  be  very  successful,  and  the  Atlantic  City 
citizens'  committee  are  taking  up  the  matter 
with  a  view  of  making  the  visit  of  the  libra- 
rians helpful  towards  the  establishment  of  a 
free  library  in  Atlantic  City  and  pleasant  to 
the  visitors. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  W:  R.  Watson,  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh. 

ON  Jan.  14  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Libra- 
ry Club  met  in  the  lecture-room  of  the  Carnegie 
Free  Library  of  Allegheny.  The  subject  for 
discussion  was  "Library  legislation."  Re- 
ports on  the  present  laws  of  various  states  had 
been  prepared  by  different  members  of  the 


club,  and  several  of  these  were  read  in  order 
to  show  the  methods  employed  in  other  states 
for  the  advancement  of  library  interests.  A 
general  discussion  followed.  A  letter  from 
Mr.  John  Thomson,  of  the  Philadelphia  Free 
Library,  was  read,  outlining'the  plans  for  legis- 
lation of  the  librarians  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state.  The  following  resolutions  were 
offered  and  adopted: 

"Whereas,  The  state  of  Pennsylvania,  according  to 
the  last  census,  though  second  in  wealth  and  population, 
ranks  last  among  the  20  important  northern  states  in  the 
number  of  books  in  public  libraries  per  1000  inhabitants, 
Massachusetts  having  12^3  [and  Pennsylvania  seven;  and 

"  Whereas,  This  condition  of  things  is  largely  due  to 
the  lack  of  progressive  library  laws,  in  comparison  with 
other  important  states ; 

"  Resolved.  That  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Library 
Club  is  in  favor  of  further  legislation  to  promote  the 
establishment  and  maintenance  of  free  public  libraries 
throughout  the  state. 

"  Resolved,  further.  That,  in  view  of  the  excellent  results 
obtained  by  means  of  travelling  libraries  in  other  states, 
and  the  evident  demand  for  libraries  of  this  kind  through- 
out Pennsylvania,  the  club  favors  an  appropriation  by 
the  state  for  this  purpose." 

It  was  decided  to  appoint  a  committee  to 
confer  with  librarians,  library  trustees,  friends 
of  libraries  and  representatives  throughout  the 
state,  with  a  view  to  drafting  a  plan  of  general 
library  legislation  for  Pennsylvania. 

There  was  a  good  attendance  at  the  meeting, 
and  the  experiment  of  a  morning  hour,  loa.m., 
proved  a  decided  success.  The  subject  for 
discussion  at  the  March  meeting  will  be  "  The 
library  and  the  children." 

WM.  RICHARD  WATSON,  Sec'y-Treas. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  F.  A.  Hutchins,  Baraboo. 
Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN    TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 


Cibrarj}  (STInbs. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary:  Miss  May  L.  Bennett,  1888  Sher- 
dan  Road,  Evanston. 

Treasurer:  W.  W.  Bishop,  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 

"A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going  —  and  so  good-day  !  " 

A  MEETING  of  the  Milwaukee  Library  Round 
Table  was  held  on  Jan.  23,  1897.  After  an  in- 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


103 


formal  luncheon,  Miss  Mae  E.  Schreiber  made 
a  talk  on  "Library  reading  at  the  Normal 
School,"  illustrated  with  annotated  lists  of 
children's  books,  prepared  by  students  of  the 
school.  The  talk  elicited  many  inquiries  into 
Miss  Schreiber's  methods,  and  proved  exceed- 
ingly interesting. 

On  Feb.  5  Mr.  George  Kilian,  in  charge  of 
the  bookbindery  at  the  library,  explained  his 
method  of  binding  books. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Secretary:  Miss  J.  A.  Rathbone,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Tuttle,  Long 
Island  Historical  Society,  Brooklyn. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter,  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer:  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 

THE  20th  regular  meeting  of  the  Library 
Association  of  Washington  City  was  held  at  the 
Columbian  University,  Wednesday  evening, 
Jan.  27,  1897,  Mr.  W.  P.  Cutter  presiding. 

Miss  Frances  M.  Durkin  and  Mr.  James  W. 
Cheney,  both  of  the  War  Department  Library, 
were  elected  to  membership.  The  president 
announced  that  the  following  had  been  ap- 
pointed as  the  committee  to  prepare  a  hand- 
book of  the  association  :  Mr.  F.  H.  Parsons, 
Miss  Edith  E.  Clarke,  and  Mr.  Henderson 
Presnell;  and  as  program  committee  Dr.  H. 
C.  Bolton  and  Dr.  Cyrus  Adler. 

The  first  paper  of  the  evening  was  presented 
by  Mr.  W.  P.  Cutter,  and  treated  of  "Printed 
card  indexes  and  catalogs."  He  said  that  the 
printed  card  is  coming  into  use  for  two  pur- 
poses :  for  a  catalog  of  books,  either  co-opera- 
tive or  independent;  and  for  an  index  to  the 
current  literature  on  a  given  topic.  The  Bos- 
ton Public,  Harvard,  and  Crerar  are  examples 
of  libraries  that  print  catalog  cards  for  their 
own  use.  The  co-operative  cataloging  system  of 
the  Library  Bureau,  now  transferred  to  the  pub- 
lishing section  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  was  described. 
Expressing  the  opinion  that  this  plan  had  not 
yet  proved  a  financial  success,  Mr.  Cutter  sug- 
gested as  a  practical  plan  of  co-operative  cata- 
loging that  the  central  office  should  obtain  of 
publishers  a  limited  and  varying  number  of 
copies  of  books  in  the  sheets,  bind  them  in  a 
standard  and  durable  binding,  catalog  them, 
and  furnish  the  printed  cards  with  the  books. 
Specimens  of  the  Library  Bureau  and  Crerar 
cards  were  handed  around  for  inspection. 

The  demand  from  investigators  for  indexes 
to  the  present  as  well  as  the  past  literature  of 
their  specialties  has  led  to  the  publication  of 
card  indexes.  Specimens  of  three  such  indexes 
were  shown.  First,  the  index  to  the  publica- 
tions of  agricultural  experiment  stations  in  the 
United  States,  issued  by  the  Office  of  Experi- 
ment Stations  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 
These  cards  contain,  beside  the  index  entry 


proper,  a  summary  of  the  article  indexed. 
Second,  an  index  to  the  literature  of  American 
botany,  issued  by  the  Cambridge  Botanical 
Supply  Company.  This  is  rather  a  card  bibli- 
ography of  American  botany  than  an  index. 
Third,  an  index  to  new  species  of  plants,  pre- 
pared by  Miss  J.  A.  Clark,  of  Washington. 
This  serves  as  a  card  supplement  to  the  Index 
Kewensis,  which  covers  the  field  down  to  1885. 
The  card  index  to  the  literature  of  zoology, 
furnished  by  an  international  zoological-bibli- 
ographical institute  in  Zurich,  was  also  de- 
scribed, and  the  schemes  of  the  Royal  Society 
and  the  International  Bibliographical  Institute 
at  Brussels  for  an  index  to  all  branches  of 
science  were  alluded  to. 

The  chief  objections  to  all  printed  card  in- 
dexes or  catalogs  are  the  cost  of  preparation, 
the  amount  of  space  they  occupy,  the  danger 
of  misplacing  the  cards,  and  the  time  required 
for  arranging  them.  The  card  system,  Mr. 
Cutter  .concluded,  while  not  without  its  draw- 
backs, must  be  replaced  by  something  better 
before  we  can  disparage  it. 

The  second  paper  was  prepared  by  Mr. 
Albert  F.  Adams,  of  the  National  Museum, 
and  was  read  by  Miss  Margaret  Dyer.  It  was 
a  description  of  a  new  system  of  notation, 
known  as  the  "Combining  system,"  devised 
by  Mr.  Adams.  It  is  hoped  that  this  paper 
will  appear  in  full  in  the  JOURNAL. 

W:  S.  BURNS,  Secretary  pro  tern. 


Cibrarg  (Economy  anb  ^i 


"GENERAL. 
BARRETT,  Francis  Thornton.     On  the  selection 

of  books  for  a  reference  library.     Lond.,  J. 

Bale  &  Sons,  1896.     10  p.  O. 

A  paper  read  at  the  Buxton  conference  of 
the  L.  A.  U.  K.,  September,  1896. 

CHADWiCK.Ja.    R.     Medical    libraries:    their 
development  and  use.     (In  Transactions  of 
the    Medical    and    Chirurgical    Faculty    of 
Maryland,  1895-96.)    p.  131-141. 
Dr.  Chad  wick's  paper  was  read  at  the  formal 
opening  of  the   new  hall  and   library  of  the 
Medical  and  Chirurgical  Faculty,  last  January, 
and  is  an  interesting  account  of  the  growth  of 
medical  libraries  in  the  United  States.     A  chart 
is  given,  showing   the   annual   growth   of  the 
seven  principal  collections  of  medical  books  in 
this  country.     Dr.  Chad  wick  has  been  the  li- 
brarian of  the  Boston  Medical  Library  Associa- 
tion for  the  last  20  years. 

LOCAL. 

Aurora,  III.  The  Woman's  Club  of  Aurora 
(111.)  devoted  the  afternoon  of  Feb.  2  to  the 
subject  "The  Aurora  Public  Library."  The 
history  of  the  library  was  presented  by  Mr. 
Shaw,  the  librarian,  followed  by  addresses  from 
Miss  Katherine  L.  Sharp.  Chicago,  111.,  Miss 
Frances  Le  Baron,  Elgin.  111.,  and  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  of  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  on  the  various 
relations  of  the  library  to  the  community. 


104 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Fcbruary>  '97 


Boston  P.  L.  On  Jan.  17  Carl  B.  Christen- 
son,  who  said  he  was  a  professor  in  Waterloo 
College,  Waterloo,  la.,  was  arrested  for  steal- 
ing books  from  the  public  library.  There  were 
found  at  his  rooms  63  books  taken  from  the 
Boston  Public  Library,  and  a  number  bearing 
the  stamp  of  the  Hartford  Public  Library.  The 
arrest  was  due  to  information  given  the  police 
by  a  second-hand  bookseller  to  whom  Christen- 
son  had  offered  some  of  the  stolen  volumes. 
The  defence  at  first  entered  was  kleptomania, 
but  the  prisoner  pleaded  guilty,  and  on  Jan. 
19  was  sentenced  to  three  months  in  the  house 
of  correction. 

Braddock,  Pa.  Carnegie  F.  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.) 
Added  1059;  total  12,343.  Issued,  home  use 
53*065  (fict.  76  %);  no  exact  statistics  of  ref.  use 
are  kept.  Amount  spent  for  salaries,  incl. 
janitor  help,  $3960. 

The  circulation  shows  a  gain  of  1113  v.  dur- 
ing the  year,  and  a  decrease  in  fiction  reading 
from  78  %  to  76  %.  There  has  been  a  gain  in 
the  issue  of  books  in  all  classes  except  fiction 
and  natural  science,  in  which  latter  division 
there  has  been  a  loss  of  100  v. 

A  re-registration  of  borrowers  was  con- 
ducted during  the  year;  8000  persons  had  re- 
ceived cards  since  the  library  was  opened  in 
1889.  There  are  now  2255  borrowers  on  the 
register,  of  whom  646  are  residents  of  outlying 
towns. 

More  than  one-half  the  books  in  the  library 
are  works  of  fiction,  a  proportion  that  Miss 
Sperry  thinks  unusually  large.  She  recom- 
mends that  the  collection  be  more  symmetri- 
cally developed,  and  that  a  book  fund  be  estab- 
lished, to  be  available  between  the  months  of 
October  and  May.  "  After  the  holidays  there 
are  many  good  opportunities  to  buy  good 
books  at  auction  sales,  and  it  is  desirable  that 
the  librarian  should  know  how  much  money 
there  is  to  depend  on." 

The  most  important  work  of  the  year  has 
been  the  changing  of  the  classed  card  catalog 
into  dictionary  form;  at  present  it  is  impossi- 
ble to  undertake  a  printed  catalog,  on  account 
of  its  expense.  The  printing  of  the  library  re- 
port, which  has  not  yet  been  done,  is  con- 
sidered of  more  importance. 

"  In  January  an  index  to  events  of  local 
importance  mentioned  in  the  newspapers  was 
begun,  and  has  been  continued  through  the 
year.  This  is  largely  a  labor  of  love,  for  the 
benefit  of  posterity.  Years  hence,  when  the 
history  of  Braddock  comes  to  be  written,  the 
carefully-preserved  files  of  daily  papers,  with 
a  continuous  index  to  their  contents,  will  be  a 
treasure  which  the  historian  will  appreciate. 
It  is  probable  that  the  newspapers  will  co- 
operate with  us  in  the  work  by  printing  the  in- 
dex for  each  year." 

The  children's  room  has  been  made  more  at- 
tractive, and  is  constantly  used.  The  addition 
of  some  quietgames  is  suggested,  as  is  also  the 
plan  of  teaching  the  children  to  cut  pictures  for 
scrap-books,  but  lack  of  sufficient  supervision 
makes  this  impossible  at  present. 

The  library  has  a  collection  of  about  600  pict- 


ures, mostly  illustrations  from  magazines 
mounted  on  tag-board,  also  colored  "art  sup- 
plements," studies  for  china  painting,  em- 
broidery, etc.  These  were  exhibited  for  a 
week  in  November,  and  aroused  so  much  in- 
terest that  an  art  loan  exhibition  has  been 
prepared  for  February. 

A  weekly  column  of  library  notes  has  been 
started  in  one  of  the  local  papers,  and  copies 
are  mailed  from  time  to  time  to  people  who  it 
is  thought  will  be  specially  interested. 

Miss  Sperry  says:  "  Much  of  the  success  of 
the  work  depends  on  the  intelligence  and  en- 
thusiasm of  the  attendants  at  the  loan-desk. 
To  increase  their  interest  and  to  promote  good- 
fellowship  between  us  a  weekly  meeting  is  ar- 
ranged in  the  libraiian's  office  on  Tuesday 
afternoons.  At  such  times  matters  of  practical 
interest  are  talked  over  and  systematic  in- 
struction is  given  in  the  use  of  reference- 
books,  card  catalog,  and  other  library  tools. 
Special  books  are  assigned  for  examination 
during  the  week  and  are  reported  on  at  the 
next  meeting.  A  manifest  interest  has  been 
aroused,  and  amply  justifies  the  time  spent  by 
librarians  and  assistants  in  this  branch  of 
work." 

Bridgeport  (Cf.)  P.  L.  The  third  annual  art 
loan  exhibition  was  opened  in  the  art  depart- 
ment of  the  library  on  Jan.  4.  It  included 
about  127  pictures  —  oil  paintings  and  pastels 
—  of  which  about  75  %  were  shown  at  the  last 
spring  exhibition  at  the  N.  Y.  Academy  of 
Design,  and  most  of  the  others  had  been  dis- 
played at  the  Boston  Academy  of  Fine  Arts. 
It  will  be  succeeded  by  a  water-color  exhibi- 
tion. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  L.  On  Jan.  19  the  board  of 
aldermen  adopted  a  resolution  providing  for 
the  introduction  into  the  legislature  of  an  en- 
abling act  under  which  the  city  may  contract 
with  the  library  authorities  for  the  administra- 
tion of  the  library  as  a  free  public  institution 
supported  by  city  appropriation.  Immediately 
on  the  passage  of  the  resolution  it  was  signed 
bv  the  mayor.  The  bill  was  promptly  sent  to 
Albany,  and  on  Jan.  27  was  reported  from  the 
cities  committee.  Its  passage  is  practically 
assured. 

Carpentersville  (///.)  P.  L.  The  library  build- 
ing given  to  the  village  by  Mrs.  G:  P.  Lord,  of 
Elgin,  111.,  was  opened  on  Jan.  2.  It  is  deeded 
to  the  Carpentersville  Congregational  church, 
subject  to  a  99  years  lease,  hrld  by  the  library 
board.  The  building  is  of  brick,  with  stone 
trimmings,  and  contains  lecture-room  as  well 
as  reading-room,  reference-room,  stack-room, 
etc. 

Cedar  Rapids  (la.)  F.  P.  L.  The  library  was 
opened  to  the  public  on  Jan.  14,  and  the  statis- 
tics of  use  for  its  first  week  of  existence  are 
most  encouraging.  They  show  a  registration 
of  528  borrowers,  to  whom  566  v.  were  issued 
for  home  use,  while  there  were  1012  visitors  to 
the  reading-room.  This  is  a  most  gratifying 
exhibit  of  the  place  the  library  has  at  once 
taken  in  the  life  of  the  community. 


February,  '97] 


Chattanooga  (Tenn.)  L.  A.  (Rpt.)  Added 
430;  total  5015;  issued  12,000;  membership 
332.  Receipts  $1060.52;  expenses  1974.72. 

Chicago,  library  specialization  in.  The  direc- 
tors of  the  Public  Library,  the  Newberry  Li- 
brary, and  the  John  Crerar  Library  some 
months  since  held  several  conferences  on  the 
inadvisability  of  duplicating  their  collections, 
and  agreed  on  the  following  classification  for 
each  library: 

"Public  Library. — All  wholesomely  enter- 
taining and  generally  instructive  books,  espe- 
cially such  as  are  desired  by  the  citizens  for 
general  home  use.  Also  collections  of  news- 
papers, patents,  government  documents,  books 
for  the  blind,  and  in  architecture  and  the  deco- 
rative arts. 

"  Newberry  Library.  —  Literature,  language, 
history,  sociology,  philosophy,  religion,  fine 
arts  in  part,  medicine. 

"  The  John  Crerar  Library.  —  Physical  and 
natural  sciences,  useful  arts,  fine  arts  in  part, 
social  sciences  and  their  applications." 

Social  science  will  be  included  within  the 
field  of  both  the  Newberry  and  John  Creiar  li- 
braries, as  the  demand  for  this  literature  is  so 
great  that  no  considerable  amount  of  duplica- 
tion is  considered  unnecessary.  The  Crerar  Li- 
brary will  be  strictly  scientific,  and  yet  suffi- 
ciently broad  in  its  classification  of  the  sciences. 
Medicine  will  be  omitted  only  on  account  of  the 
value  of  the  collection  already  made  by"  the 
Newberry  Library.  A  number  of  scientific 
works  belonging  to  the  Newberry  Library 
already  have  been  purchased  and  transferred 
to  the  John  Crerar  Library.  The  division  of 
classification  now  being  rapidly  consummated 
will  increase  greatly  the  specialized  scope  of 
Chicago's  three  great  libraries.  It  has  been 
proposed  to  publish  one  large  catalog  which 
will  cover  the  books  of  the  three  institutions. 

Chicago,  John  Crerar  L.  The  date  of  open- 
ing of  the  library  has  been  extended  from  Feb. 
I  to  April  I. 

Chicago,  Newberry  L.  The  bibliographical 
museum  of  the  Newberry  Library  was  opened 
to  the  public  on  Monday,  Jan.  4.  The  room 
used  for  the  purpose  is  on  the  first  floor,  west  of 
the  main  entrance  ;  it  is  well  lighted  and  fitted 
with  several  upright  wall  bookcases  and  with 
central  museum  cases,  in  which  the  rarer  bind- 
ings and  mss.  are  displayed.  The  complete 
collection  numbers  about  1500  v. ,  though  only 
a  part  of  that  number  are  yet  displayed. 
Amongtheexamplesshown  are  53  v.  of  incunab- 
ula, 51  illuminated  mss.,  53  v.  containing  rare 
specimens  of  early  engraving,  and  in  note- 
worthy bindings.  The  museum  is  open  from 
9  a.m.  to  3  p.m.  on  week-days. 

Cleveland  (0.)  P.  L.  A  number  of  black- 
boards have  recently  been  placed  in  the  library, 
on  which  timely  bulletins  are  presented.  In 
the  juvenile  department  a  recent  inscription 
was:  "Boys,  do  you  want  war  stories?  The 
following  are  now  in;"  then  followed  a  list  of 
the  books  available;  another  board  contained 
this  inscription:  "Artistic  book-making:  see 


our  open  racks";  and  the  announcement  was 
made  good  by  the  display  of  an  interesting  c<  1- 
lection  of  fine  bindings  and  rich  editions.  An 
open  rack  filled  with  books  was  marked:  "  Old 
friends  in  new  dresses,"  and  another:  "A 
choice  collection  of  good  books,  German  and 
English."  A  collection  of  books  and  peri- 
odicals relating  to  horses  was  a  recent  popular 
exhibit. 

Cleveland,  O.  Case  L.  A  recent  exhibition  at 
the  Case  Library  consisted  of  a  collection  of 
books  and  plates  intended  to  illustrate  furni- 
ture and  interior  decoration.  It  showed  ex- 
amples of  furniture  from  various  periods  and 
countries,  and  was  particularly  rich  in  speci- 
mens of  colonial  furniture;  including  also  re- 
productions of  frescoes,  tapestries,  etc.  An 
exhibition  of  amateur  photography  was  opened 
on  Feb.  I. 

Colorado,  lib.  legislation  in.  On  Jan.  15  Sen- 
ator Crosby  introduced  into  the  state  senate  a 
bill  creating  a  board  of  state  library  commis- 
sioners, to  be  appointed  by  the  governor  and 
to  have  supervision  of  all  free  public  libraries 
in  the  state.  This  bill  was  prepared  by  the 
officers  of  the  Colorado  Library  Association 
and  has  the  hearty  support  oi  that  body. 

Denver  (Colo.)  P.  L.  The  library  recently 
issued  an  invitation  to  the  public,  as  follows  : 
"Are  you  interested  in  what  celebrated  men 
and  women  have  accomplished,  what  they 
looked  like,  where  and  how  they  lived?  Call 
and  take  your  choice  from  the  collection  of  bi- 
ographies which  the  public  library  offers  this 
week." 

Detroit  (Mich.)  P.  L.  In  his  annual  message 
the  mayor  recommends  the  establishment  of 
two  branch  libraries  as  necessary  if  the  library 
is  to  remain  in  its  present  location.  He  adds: 
"In  my  opinion  too  much  money  is  spent  by 
the  present  board  of  library  commissioners  for 
scientific  and  technical  works,  which  are  sel- 
dom called  for,  and  not  enough  is  used  for  the 
kind  of  books  sought  for  by  the  average  tax- 
payer." 

Erie  (Pa.)  P.  L.  On  Jan.  14  the  contract  for 
the  construction  of  the  new  library  building 
was  awarded  to  Henry  Shenk  for  $100,397. 

Forestfort  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  The  new  library 
building  was  dedicated  on  Jan.  30  under  the 
auspices  of  the  local  Literary  and  Social  Union, 
through  whose  efforts  it  was  established.  The 
building,  which  cost  $1300,  is  two-storied,  con- 
taining on  the  first  floor  a  library-room  20  x  30 
feet  and  lighted  on  three  sides,  with  kitchen  and 
sitting-room  for  the  use  of  the  caretaker  and  his 
family;  the  upper  story  contains  a  large  room 
not  yet  in  use,  and  bedrooms  for  the  caretaker. 
The  library  will  be  open  daily  from  9  a.m.  to 
9  p.m. ;  as  yet  it  is  used  only  as  a  reading-room, 
but  efforts  are  being  made  to  obtain  sufficient 
books  to  make  it  a  circulating  library  as  well. 
The  site  for  the  library  was  given  to  the  asso- 
ciation by  the  heirs  of  the  Blake  estate  in  For- 
estport;  the  money  for  its  establishment  was 
raised  by  subscription,  and  many  of  the  fittings 
were  given  by  local  dealers. 


io6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


franklin  and  Alarshall  College,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
The  building  committee  of  the  college  de- 
cided on  Jan.  13  upon  a  site  and  plans  for  a  new 
library  building,  to  cost  $25,000.  the  gift  of 
Gen.  J.  Watts  De  Peyster,  of  Tivoli,  N.  Y.  The 
building  will  be  located  in  the  lower  end  of  the 

campus,  and  will  have  room  for  75,000  v. 

/ 

Galena  (III.)  P.  L.  (2d  rpt.)  Added  751;  to- 
tal 3389.  Issued,  home  use  25,327(fict.  22,547); 
visitors  to  reading-room  32,569.  .New  registra- 
tion 186;  total  cardholders  1387. 

Grand  Kupids  (Mich.)  P.  L.  The  civil  ser- 
vice system  has  been  introduced  into  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  library,  and  after  Feb.  I  all 
appointments  will  be  made  only  after  a  com- 
petitive examination  of  applicants. 

Green  Bay,  Wis.  Kellogg  P.  L.  (Rpt.)  Add- 
ed 546;  total  4993.  Issued  40,558;  visitors  to 
reading-room  6441. 

The  library  was  open  303  days,  and  the  cir- 
culation shows  an  increase  of  14,474  over  the 
previous  year.  . 

Greenville,  Mich.  The  libraries  of  the  high 
school  and  the  Ladies'  Club  have  been  consoli- 
dated into  a  public  library. 

Hartford,  Ct.  Watkinson  L.  (33d  rpt.)1  Add- 
ed 1013  v.,  266  pm. ;  total  48,884. 

The  year's  additions  included  a  number  of 
rare  and  valuable  accessions  to  the  departments 
of  history  and  architecture.  "  The  collection 
of  pamphlets  made  by  Noah  Webster  were  re- 
ceived from  the  Hartford  Public  Library  as  be- 
ing more  suitable  to  this  library;  volumes  of 
Macmillan's  Magazine,  Educational  Review,  and 
the  London  Spectator  were  given  in  return,  as 
the  public  library  takes  these  journals  and 
needed  them  to  fill  its  sets." 

The  following  sets  were  indexed  during  the 
year:  EnglischeStudien,  Anglia,  and  Die  Graph- 
ische  Kuenste.  "  This  brings  to  notice  a  great 
number  of  scientific  articles  filled  with  the  latest 
knowledge,  and  they  have  been  carried  into  the 
card  catalog.  The  library  duplicates  which  had 
been  accumulating  for  many  years  were  sent 
to  Boston  and  sold  in  May.  About  714  v.  and 
348  ptn.  were  disposed  of  by  auction  for  $543. 
Certain  books  from  the  Brinley  gift  were  in- 
cluded, and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  nearly 
every  one  brought  a  higher  price  than  when 
sold  with  that  library." 

Helena  (Mont.)  P.  L.  Mr.  Patton,  the  libra- 
rian, is  bringing  the  library  effectively  before 
the  public  through  the  medium  of  the  local 
press.  He  has  published  several  interesting 
reading  lists  in  the  Helena  Independent,  among 
the  recent  ones  being  good  lists  on  Woman  suf- 
frage, ^r<?and  con,  and  Electoral  reform. 

Huntington  (L.  I.)  L.  A.  (22d  rpt.)  Added 
64;  total  3933.  Issued  3204.  Receipts  $352. 41; 
expenses  $338.29. 

Hutchinson  (Kan.)  P.  L.  The  library  was 
opened  to  the  public  on  the  afternoon  of  Jan. 
16.  It  is  open  two  afternoons  and  evenings  of 
each  week. 


Illinois,  lib.  legislation  in.  On  Jan.  19  Rep- 
resentative Bryant  introduced  into  the  state 
legislature  a  bill  amending  the  library  law  so 
as  to  enable  townships  or  cities  of  not  less  than 
5000  inhabitants  to  organize  libraries  in  the 
same  manner  as  is  now  prescribed  for  cities  of 
larger  population. 

Indiana,  lib.  legislation  in.  A  bill  has  been 
introduced  into  the  state  legislature  by  Senator 
McCord  providing  for  "a  state  library  system 
in  connection  with  the  schools  of  the  state." 
Control  of  the  state  library  and  the  state  library 
system  is  vested  in  the  state  board  of  education, 
which  shall  also  act  as  a  state  library  board. 
The  state  "system"  shall  comprise  the  state 
library  and  all  local  libraries  supported  wholly 
or  in  part  by  taxation,  and  the  management  of 
the  various  libraries  shall  be  vested  in  the  local 
school  boards,  with  general  supervision  and 
inspection  by  the  state  board.  The  bill  pro- 
vides at  length  for  the  appointment  of  a  state 
librarian  and  assistants  by  the  library  board, 
the  former  to  serve  for  a  term  of  two  years  or 
until  a  successor  is  appointed  ;  it  outlines  work 
to  be  done  by  the  state  library  force  to  aid 
teachers  in  the  use  of  books,  through  reading 
circles,  etc.,  and  provides  for  the  loaning  of 
books  from  the  state  library.  The  bill,  as  may 
be  seen,  gives  a  very  wide  extension  of  power 
to  school  authorities  ;  it  practically  gives  the 
state  librarian  authority  over  all  libraries,  and 
it  is  a  curious  example  of  what  library  legisla- 
tion should  not  be.  It  has  been  opposed  by 
the  state  library  association  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  this  opposition  will  be  effective. 

Iowa  City  (la.)  P.  L.  The  library  was  opened 
on  the  evening  of  Jan.  20,  when  a  large  audi- 
ence attended  the  dedicatory  exercises.  It  starts 
work  with  1300  v. 

Kansas  City  (Kan.)  P.  L.  A.  Added  208  ; 
total  1450.  Issued  3146;  membership  172. 

Kansas  State  L.,  Topeka.  (Biennial  rpt. — 
two  years  ending  June  30,  1896.)  Added  2761; 
total  37,577.  _ 

The  librarian  briefly  reviews  the  library  laws 
of  the  several  states  where  travelling  libraries 
or  state  commissions  are  established,  and  urges 
the  adoption  of  similar  legislation  in  Kansas. 
Most  of  the  report  is  devoted  to  opposing  the 
suggested  transference  of  the  miscellaneous 
collection  of  the  state  library  to  the  care  and 
control  of  the  State  Historical  Association, 
thus  making  the  library  distinctly  a  law  library 
and  largely  extending  the  province  of  the  asso- 
ciation. "This  attempt  to  divide  the  state  li- 
brary, and  despoil  it  of  one  of  its  principal 
features,  has  been  made  with  biennial  regu- 
larity for  a  decade  of  years,  but  each  time  has 
failed  to  meet  with  the  approval  of  the  legis- 
lature. If  any  plan  of  consolidation  is  seri- 
ously contemplated  it  is  only  fair  to  suggest  the 
feasibility  and  propriety  of  removing  the  mis- 
cellaneous books  of  the  historical  library  to  the 
state  library,  leaving  the  historical  department 
in  full  control  of  the  books,  manuscripts, 
papers,  and  other  collections  pertaining  to  the 
history  of  Kansas  and  that  part  of  the  country 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


107 


with  which  the  state  is  directly  connected  by 
boundary  tradition." 

Kenosha  ( IVis.)  P.  L.  A,  The  first  annual  re- 
port of  the  association,  presented  at  a  meeting 
held  Jan.  u,  is  an  interesting  review  of  the 
work  accomplished  since  the  first  meeting  to 
consider  the  establishment  of  the  library  was 
held  in  January,  1896.  The  association  started 
work  with  144  members,  each  contributing  $2 
yearly.  With  the  $288  thus  secured  a  library- 
room  was  obtained  at  a  nominal  rent,  contribu- 
tions of  furniture,  books,  and  periodicals  were 
asked  and  received  in  considerable  numbers, 
and  a  gift  of  $1000  was  made  to  the  association 
by  G.  T.  Yule.  This  was  followed  by  the  gift 
of  a  like  sum  from  Edward  Bain,  and  on  March 
14,  1896,  the  library  was  opened  to  the  public. 
On  the  first  day  60  books  were  issued.  The  li- 
brary now  contains  2954  v.,  and  during  the  10 
months  covered  by  the  report  916  borrowers 
have  drawn  14,801  books.  The  president  of 
the  association  recommends  that  the  present 
plan  be  tried  for  the  new  year,  as  the  time  is 
not  yet  ripe  to  obtain  support  by  taxation.  He 
asks  for  subscriptions  from  citizens  for  the 
support  of  the  library,  for  new  members,  and 
for  gifts  of  books  and  magazines.  Children's 
books  are  especially  needed.  The  thanks  of 
the  association  are  tendered  to  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  of  the  state  library  commission,  "  for 
the  many  valuable  suggestions  which  she  made 
to  the  management  in  the  preliminary  work  of 
establishing  the  library." 

Minneapolis  (Minn.)  P.  L.  (7th  rpt. — year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  11,034  ;  besides 
book  purchases  $3429.42  have  been  spent  for 
periodicals.  Total,  ' '  in  round  numbers,"  93,000 
v.,  of  which  20,000  are  duplicates.  Issued, 
home  use  559,053,  an  increase  of  24$  over  1895, 
being  "the  largest  increase  in  a  single  year 
which  has  ever  taken  place."  Library  and  ref- 
erence use  is  estimated  at  1,000,000,  and  this  is 
said  to  be  a  conservative  figure.  The  issue  sta- 
tistics show  that  48  %  of  the  circulation  was  from 
the  central  library,  52  %  from  branches  and  sta- 
tions, and  20,877  v.  were  circulated  through  the 
public  schools.  During  the  year  11,095  borrow- 
ers' cards  and  590  shelf  permits  have  been  is- 
sued. 

The  salary  expenses  for  the  staff  of  46  per- 
sons amounted  to  $22,743,  as  against  $22,949  for 
45  persons  in  1895.  "During  six  months  of 
the  year  a  portion  of  the  staff  suffered  a  heavy 
reduction  of  wages.  The  deprivation  was  borne 
in  every  case  cheerfully,  each  employe  recog- 
nizing that  the  city  was  in  a  strait  and  crediting 
the  board  with  the  best  intentions."  "Each 
member  of  the  force  takes  her  turn  at  the  refer- 
ence and  issuing  departments;  it  often  happens 
that  these  rooms  are  overflowing,  at  which  time 
every  cataloger  is  needed  to  take  care  of  the 
crowd.  The  increase  in  circulation  and  the 
added  service  entailed  have  seriously  inter- 
fered with  the  progress  of  cataloging,  and  it 
has  been  found  impossible  to  make  time  for  the 
needed  inventory  of  the  library." 

During  the  year  the  collection  of  antique 
casts  made,  at  a  cost  of  $10,500,  for  the  Minne- 


apolis Exposition  was  presented  to  the  library; 
it  has  been  placed  in  the  vestibule  and  galleries 
of  the  building,  and  in  it  "the  board  can  feel 
that  it  possesses  a  treasure  in  this  kind  such  as 
few  cities  in  America  can  parallel." 

Dr.  Hosmer  speaks  interestingly  on  the  sub- 
ject of  novel-reading,  and  quotes  Andrew  Carne- 
gie's praise  of  "Beside  the  bonnie  briar-bush." 
That  book  was  issued  1006  times  during  the 
year,  a  circulation  exceeding  that  of  any  other 
volume.  In  order  to  lead  people's  minds  more 
directly  from  fiction  to  other  reading  he  has 
during  the  year  delivered  several  addresses  on 
the  library  and  its  use  to  the  pupils  of  the  vari- 
ous schools,  and  has  spoken  to  teachers  on 
German  mediaeval  poetry.  He  now  plans  a 
series  of  art  talks  to  the  pupils  of  the  four  high 
schools  and  six  free  public  historical  lectures  to 
be  delivered  in  the  chapel  of  the  university,  as 
the  library  has  no  lecture-hall, 

Minnesota,  lib.  commission  for.  On  Jan.  18  a 
bill  was  introduced  into  the  state  legislature  by 
Representative  Staples,  providing  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  system  of  travelling  libraries 
supported  by  the  state  and  managed  by  a  state 
library  commission.  The  commission  is  to  con- 
sist of  three  members  appointed  by  the  gover- 
nor, with  the  president  of  the  state  university 
and  the  state  superintendent  of  public  instruc- 
tion as  ex-officio  members.  The  commissioners 
are  to  be  allowed  travelling  expenses,  but  no 
salaries.  The  bill  appropriates  $5000  for  1897, 
and  $3000  annually  thereafter. 

Nebraska,  lib.  commission  for.  On  Jan.  18 
Representative  Wimberley  introduced  into  the 
state  legislature  a  bill  to  create  a  public  library 
commission  that  shall  establish  and  have  charge 
of  free  travelling  libraries  to  be  operated 
throughout  the  state. 

New  Haven  ( Ct.)  F.  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  '96.)  Added  4739;  total  33,081. 
Issued,  home  use  243,219  (fict.  51.4  %,  juv.  fict. 
19.5  #).  New  registration  6810;  total  registra- 
tion 12,863.  "  This  year  for  the  first  time  a 
separate  account  was  kept  of  the  circulation  of 
juvenile  non-fiction;  16,000  volumes  were  cir- 
culated, a  little  over  one-fourth  of  the  total 
circulation  of  non-fiction.  There  is  a  slight  in- 
crease in  the  percentage  of  adult  fiction  and  a 
slight  decrease  in  that  of  juvenile  fiction." 

Mr.  Stetson  says:  "Over  a  year's  experi- 
ence in  admitting  the  public  to  the  shelves,  in 
fact  expecting  patrons  to  select  bocks  from  the 
shelves,  although  books  are  brought  by  the  at- 
tendants when  it  is  so  requested,  is  sufficient 
to  show  that  the  public  is  much  pleased,  and 
disadvantages  to  the  library  are  much  less  than 
was  feared  in  some  respects.  The  fear  that 
much  more  room  would  be  needed  is  unfounded, 
except  as  regards  fiction.  The  loss  of  books 
has  not  been  as  large  as  might  have  been 
looked  for.  No  larger  force  Js  necessary,  on 
account  of  the  labor  required  to  keep  books  in 
order;  what  is  gained  in  not  having  lists  to 
look  up  can  be  spent  in  attending  to  the  shelves. 
In  my  judgment  the  plan  is  a  success,  and  so 
long  as  present  conditions  continue  I  think  it 
should  be  continued  in  operation." 


io8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


New  YorkF.  C.  L.  (i;th  rpt.)  Added  13,688; 
total  93,681.  Issued,  home  use  752,329  (fict. 
308,062,  juv.  223,767);  hall  use  24,395.  New 
cardholders  13860,  total  registration  8^523. 
Expenses  $47,255.21.  These  statistics  cover  the 
six  branches  that  make  up  the  library's  "  plant." 

Mr.  Bostwick  says:  "During  the  year  just 
passed  the  library  has  circulated,  in  round 
numbers,  three-quarters  of  a  million  volumes, 
at  a  cost  of  little  more  than  six  cents  a  volume." 
The  circulation,  an  increase  of  97,878  over  the 
previous  year,  is  the  largest  in  the  history  of 
the  library;  part  of  it  is  due  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  new  branch  at  Bloomingdale  (the 
sixth),  but  a  chief  factor  in  the  increase  has 
been  found  in  "the  present  plan  of  putting 
current  literature  on  the  shelves  as  soon  as 
published."  "It  has  been  found  that  many  read- 
ers have  been  attracted  by  this,  and  that  they 
will  even  ask  to  be  transferred  from  one  branch 
to  another,  where  they  fancy  the  new  books 
are  to  be  obtained  a  little  earlier." 

Mr.  Bostwick  recommends  that  a  trial  of  the 
open-shelf  system  be  made  at  one  of  the 
branches,  preferably  the  Bloomingdale  branch, 
also  that  the  two-book  system,  now  in  opera- 
tion at  one  branch,  be  extended  to  all  the 
libraries. 

The  committee  on  ways  and  means  recites 
the  efforts  that  have  been  made  to  obtain  added 
support  for  the  library  —  efforts  that  have  not 
proved  very  successful,  despite  the  large  public 
meeting  held  in  behalf  of  the  library  in  the 
spring.  The  library  now  ranks  fourth  in  the 
United  States  in  point  of  circulation,  the  Phila- 
delphia Free  Library  taking  third  place. 

N.  V.  P.  L.  —  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
foundations.  The  library  has  issued  the  first 
(January)  number  of  a  monthly  Bulletin,  in 
wh;ch  much  interesting  information  concerning 
work  accomplished  and  contemplated  is  made 
public.  The  bulletin  (40  p.  O.)  opens  with  an 
"introductory  statement"  giving  an  historical 
outline  of  the  founding  of  the  library  and  of 
the  origin  of  its  three  constituent  corporations. 
The  address  presented  by  the  trustees  to  the 
mayor  in  March,  1896,  outlining  the  needs  and 
proposed  scope  of  the  library  follows,  and  the 
report  of  the  director  for  1896  cover  the  re- 
maining 14  pages. 

In  the  introductory  statement  the  matter  of 
a  site  is  given  consideration,  and  the  present 
status  is  stated.  It  is,  briefly,  that  the  reser- 
voir site  on  Fifth  avenue,  between 4Oth  and  42d 
streets,  has  been  selected  by  the  trustees  for  the 
purpose;  the  selection  was  approved  by  the 
mayor,  but  the  power  to  contract  with  the 
library  authorities  for  the  use  of  the  site  being 
vested  in  the  Department  of  Public  Parks,  it 
was  necessary  to  obtain  a  resolution  from  the 
board  of  aldermen  placing  the  site  under  the 
control  of  that  department  before  further  ne- 
gotiations could  be  carried  on.  This  resolution 
was  passed  by  the  aldermen  on  Dec.  22,  1896, 
and  signed  by  the  mayor  two  days  later;  it 
contained  the  proviso  that  the  reservoir  should 
not  be  removed  until  the  water-raains  now  in 
process  of  construction  on  Fifth  avenue  should 


be  completed  to  38th  street,  when  its  usefulness 
would  be  wholly  at  an  end.  "  It  still  remains 
for  the  trustees  to  secure  from  the  board  of 
estimate  and  apportionment  the  proper  author- 
ity for  the  removal  of  the  reservoir,  and  then 
to  enter  into  negotiations  with  the  Department 
of  Public  Parks  for  a  contract  allowing  the  use 
of  the  reservoir  site  for  the  establishment  of 
a  library  building." 

Dr.  Billings's  report  is  a  careful  and  detailed 
statement  of  the  work  accomplished  at  the 
libraries  in  1896.  Much  progress  has  been 
made  and  is  now  making  in  the  cataloging, 
work  that  had  fallen  much  behind  and  was  in  a 
very  unsatisfactory  condition  when  the  director 
took  charge.  On  Dec.  31,  1896,  the  total  num- 
ber of  volumes  in  the  Astor  building  was 
283,207;  in  the  Lenox  building,  109,577,  making 
a  total  of  392,784.  Of  pamphlets  there  are  in 
the  Astor  about  30,000,  in  the  Lenox  39,159, 
making  a  total  of  69,159.  The  number  of 
duplicates  is  roughly  estimated  at  15,000. 

In  both  Astor  and  Lenox  the  subject  of  clas- 
sification and  shelf-location  will  receive  special 
attention  this  year.  At  present  the  fixed  loca- 
tion is  used  in  both  libraries,  and  the  scheme  of 
classification  is  unsatisfactory.  A  subject  cata- 
log for  the  Astor  is  being  made.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  1896  the  Lenox  had  one  cataloger,  the 
Astor  two,  "a  force  quite  unable  to  deal  with 
ordinary  current  accessions."  There  are  now 
16  catalogers  empl  >yed,  seven  at  the  Lenox, 
cataloging  the  collection  of  local  histories  of 
counties  and  towns,  and  the  remaining  nine 
on  duty  in  the  Astor  building.  "There  are 
now  on  hand  at  the  Astor  building  about 
25,000  books  and  pamphlets  uncataloged,  and 
at  least  150,000  books  and  pamphlets  which 
should  be  recataloged  and  classified  in  accord- 
ance with  modern  ideas.  At  the  Lenox  there 
are  over  100,000  books  and  pamphlets  wait- 
ing to  be  cataloged  on  a  satisfactory  plan.  The 
usual  form  of  accession-book  is  now  being 
kept,  but  there  are  no  accession-books  for  the 
volumes  obtained  prior  to  1876." 

Much  shelving  was  added  to  the  libraries 
in  1896,  amounting  to  5332  lineal  feet  in  the 
Lenox  and  4700  in  the  Astor  building.  A  large 
part  of  the  lower  floor  of  the  Astor  Library, 
hitherto  unemployed,  has  also  been  brought 
into  use.  The  total  number  of  current  periodi- 
cals- regularly  received  at  the  Astor  Library 
last  year  was  1074,  and  350  additions  were  or- 
dered to  begin  with  1897.  The  number  of 
readers  in  the  Astor  increased  from  85,182  in 
1895  to  96,260  in  1896,  and  the  number  of  vol- 
umes consulted  increased  from  225,477  in  J895 
to  236,513  in  1896.  In  the  Lenox  the  number  of 
readers  increased  from  9149  in  1895  to  13,228  in 
1896,  and  the  number  of  volumes  used  in- 
creased from  35,217  in  1895  to  55,692  in  1896. 
The  greatest  relative  increase  is  in  the  depart- 
ment of  American  history,  in  which  10,711  vol- 
umeswere  called  for  in  1895  and  27,727  in  1896. 
The  most  notable  addition  of  the  year  was  the 
fine  Emmett  collection  covering  American  revo- 
lutionary history.  The  list  of  accessions  in- 
cludes many  notable  features,  one  of  special 
interest  being  the  agreement  made  with  the 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


109 


American  Bible  Society,  by  which  its  valuable 
collection  of  Bibles,  and  books  relating  thereto, 
are  to  be  deposited  in  the  Lenox  building  and 
made  available  for  the  use  of  the  public. 

Oakland (Cal.)  F.  P.  L.  It  has  been  decided 
to  issue  a  monthly  bulletin  of  accessions,  spe- 
cial lists,  etc.,  for  free  distribution. 

Ohio  State  L.,  Columbus.  Under  the  recent 
rules  established  for  the  governing  of  the  li- 
brary, books  may  be  drawn  for  home  use  by 
any  citizen  of  the  state,  under  very  broad 
regulations,  the  board  of  library  commissioners 
determining  what  books  may  and  may  not  be 
circulated.  State  officers  may  draw  books  by 
giving  a  receipt  for  them,  and  citizens  desiring 
the  same  privilege  may  obtain  it  on  furnishing 
a  satisfactory  guarantee  or  by  applying  through 
the  public  library  in  their  city.  Books  may  be 
kept  for  two  weeks  and  renewed  for  a  like 
period,  and  all  expenses  connected  with  their 
issue  are  borne  by  the  borrower.  The  library 
has  started  a  travelling  library  system,  by 
forming  collections  of  25  books  which  are  sent 
to  any  person  or  persons  applying  for  them,  to 
be  kept  for  one  month,  or  for  a  longer  period  if 
desired.  The  only  condition  of  their  use  is 
that  express  charges  shall  be  paid  by  the  bor- 
rower. 

Oregon,  lib.  legislation  in.  A  bill  authorizing 
the  establishment  of  free  public  libraries  in  in- 
corporated cities  and  school  districts  has  been 
prepared  for  introduction  into  the  state  legisla- 
ture. It  provides  that  the  municipal  authori- 
ties of  any  incorporated  city  or  the  school 
directors  of  any  school  district  not  within  the 
limits  of  an  incorporated  city  shall  be  autho- 
rized to  submit  to  voters  at  regular  municipal 
elections  the  question  whether  or  not  a  tax 
shall  be  levied  or  collected,  not  to  exceed 
one  mill  on  the  dollar,  for  the  purpose  of 
establishing  and  maintaining  in  such  city 
or  district  free  public  libraries  and  reading- 
rooms,  or  purchasing  books,  purchasing  or 
leasing  buildings  for  library  purposes,  etc. 
"  If  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  on  such 
proposed  tax  shall  be  in  favor  thereof,  the 
municipal  authorities,  or  board  of  directors, 
shall  be  thereby  authorized  to  levy  and  collect 
such  tax,  and  expend  the  same  as  hereinafter 
provided.  Whenever  10  per  cent,  of  the  legal 
voters  of  any  city  or  school  district  shall  peti- 
tion for  a  tax  for  library  and  reading-room  pur- 
poses, the  municipal  authorities,  or  board  of 
directors,  must  submit  the  question  to  the 
legal  voters,  at  the  nrxt  election.".  All  m  ney 
collected  under  the  law  shall  be  known  as  a 
"  library  fund  "  and  used  only  for  the  purposes 
authorized.  After  the  adoption  of  the  act  in  a 
city  of  less  than  20,000  inhabitants  five  library 
trustees  shall  be  elected,  at  the  same  time  and 
for  similar  terms  as  the  other  town  officers;  in 
a  school  district  the  school  directors  shall  act 
as  library  trustees.  In  a  city  of  more  than 
20,000  inhabitants  one  citizen  from  each  ward 
shall  be  elected  to  constitute  a  board  of  trus- 
tees, and  at  each  succeeding  election  a  similar 
body  shall  be  elected  in  the  same  way. 


Pawtuckct  (R.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  The  library  was 
reopened  on  Jan.  22,  after  having  been  closed 
for  three  weeks  for  a  thorough  cleaning  and 
renovation.  Besides  installing  additional  elec- 
tric lights  and  freshening  the  interior  fittings, 
many  of  the  books  have  been  re-covered  and 
some  classes  have  been  rearranged  on  the 
shelves.  This  is  the  first  time  the  library  has 
received  so  thorough  a  renovation. 

Pennsylvania,  lib.  legislation  in.  A  bill  is  to 
be  introduced  into  the  present  state  legislature 
asking  for  the  appropriation  of  $20,000  for  the 
establishment  of  a  travelling  library  system. 
The  Pennsylvania  Library  Club  and  the  West- 
ern Pennsylvania  Library  Club  have  been  chief- 
ly instrumental  in  drafting  the  bill,  and  will 
urge  its  passage. 

Pennsylvania  State  L.,  Harrisburg.  (Rpt. 
—  year  ending  Nov.  30,  '95.)  The  additions 
for  the  year  were  4882  v.,  and  the  total  v.  in 
the  library  is  estimated  at  122,004.  In  speak- 
ing of  the  new  library  building  the  librarian 
says  "that  it  is  better  lighted  and  has  more 
conveniences  for  study  and  reference  than 
any  similar  building  in  the  Union."  He  re- 
grets that  "the  legislature  in  its  wisdom  did 
not  see  proper  to  provide  for  the  printing  of 
the  dictionary  catalog  which  is  being  made." 

"  A  catalog,  to  be  available  in  a  reference  li- 
brary, must  be  printed;  and  it  was  my  earnest 
wish  that  such  a  catalog  would  be  issued  by 
the  state,  which  would  be  a  credit  thereto. 
Apart  from  this  consideration,  I  may  truly  ob- 
serve, that  the  safety  really  of  a  large  library 
depends  upon  an  accurate  and  truthful  record 
of  the  volumes  contained  therein.  The  last 
catalog  was  made  in  1873  and  reprinted  in 
1877,  and  is  useless  for  any  reference  whatever. 
Many  of  the  books  then  in  the  library  are  not 
to  be  found,  while  the  whole  number  was  not 
one-third  now  comprising  the  library  of  the 
commonwealth." 

The  importance  of  a  good  public  library  act 
is  urged,  and  for  the  furtherance  of  this  object 
it  is  suggested  that  "the  subject  of  a  proper 
bill  for  enactment  by  the  next  legislature  be 
referred  to  the  attorney-general,  superintendent 
of  public  instruction,  and  the  state  librarian." 
As  in  former  reports,  most  of  the  space  is 
taken  up  by  the  yearly  list  of  additions  to  the 
library. 

The  recent  fire  in  the  capitol  building  happily 
did  not  reach  the  quarters  of  the  library,  which 
escaped  wholly  untouched.  Among  the  de- 
partments destroyed,  however,  was  the  senate 
library,  which  contains  a  fine  collection  of  rare 
old  laws  and  documents,  some  of  which  were 
not  duplicated  in  the  state  library,  and  the  loss 
of  which  cannot  be  replaced. 

Philadelphia  F.  L.  The  usual  anniversary 
day  celebration  held  at  the  library  was  this 
year  fittingly  observed  on  Franklin's  birthday, 
Jan.  16.  The  annual  dinner  of  the  trustees  was 
held  at  the  University  Club,  and  was  followed 
by  a  public  reception  at  the  library,  when 
Melvil  Dewey  spoke  on  library  progress,  and 
brief  addresses  were  made  by  Mayor  Warwick, 
Dr.  Pepper,  and  others, 


no 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


Princeton,  III.  Watson  P.  Z.  The  library 
was  reopened  for  the  circulation  of  books  on 
Dec.  8.  1896.  Great  satisfaction  has  been  ex- 
pressed by  the  public  in  the  decided  improve- 
ments made.  The  library-room,  which  was 
small  and  often  crowded  to  its  fullest  capacity, 
has  been  enlarged  to  twice  its  former  size  and 
new  standard  shelving  added.  One  end  of  the 
room  has  been  devoted  to  reference-work,  and 
the  table  and  books  have  been  speedily  put  into 
use.  The  library  has  been  reclass'fied  by  the 
Dewey  decimal  system,  and  a  card  shelf-list 
and  card  catalog  are  being  made.  The  work 
of  reorganizing  and  cataloging  is  under  the  di- 
rection of  Elizabeth  P.  Clarke,  of  Armour  Li- 
brary Class,  '97. 

Revere  (Mass.)  P.  L.  On  Jan.  19  the  Revere 
town-hall  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire,  and  the 
library,  which  occupied  the  upper  story,  was 
seriously  damaged.  All  the  town  books  and 
records  were  saved,  and  a  part  of  the  library's 
collection  was  sucessfully  removed,  but  the  loss 
is  considerable.  The  library  was  insured  for 
$1500. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.  The  St.  Louis  Republic 
of  Jan.  17  contains  an  interesting  article  on  the 
development  and  work  of  the  library  in  its  va- 
rious branches.  The  following  comparative 
statistics  were  given  :  v.  in  library  Jan.  I, 
1897,  about  112,000;  no.  of  persons  registered 
since  the  library  was  made  free  45,867;  no. 
cards  now  in  use(estimated)  36,000;  v.  issued  for 
home  reading  during  1896,  506,596.  In  addition 
to  this  51,409  v.  and  186,749  periodicals  were 
issued  for  use  in  the  library.  The  issue  f^r 
December,  1896,  was  50,530,  which  is  a  gain  of 
very  nearly  50  %  over  December,  1895,  and  is 
six  times  the  issue  of  February,  1894,'  the 
largest  issue  of  the  year  just  prior  to  the  open- 
ing of  the  free  library. 

A  first  step  toward  securing  an  adequate 
library  building  for  St.  Louis  was  taken  by 
the  library  board  at  a  special  meeting  held 
Jan.  26,  when  the  board  adopted  a  bill,  ap- 
proved by  Gen.  J.  W.  Noble  and  Arthur  Lf-e, 
that  will  be  presented  to  the  legislature  asking 
authority  to  have  presented  to  the  people  a 
proposition  to  increase  the  taxes  for  five  years, 
so  that  a  fund  sufficient  for  the  purpose  may  be 
accumulated.  If  the  bill  passes  the  matter  will 
be  submitted  to  voters  at  the  spring  election. 

San  Prandsco  (Cat.)  F.  P.  L.  (Rpt. — year 
ending  June  30,  '96.)  Added  5368;  total  87,727. 
Issued  440,117  (fict.  30.42  %.  juv.  17.10$),  of 
which  97,977  were  issued  from  the  four  branch 
libraries.  These  figures  include  reference  as 
well  as  home  use;  the  home  use  of  books  from 
the  main  library  was  203,987,  the  ref.  use 
138,153.  Receipts  f57.336.o6;  expenses  $45,- 
181,54. 

The  experiment  of  free  access,  tried  at  the 
Mission  branch,  has  worked  well. 

Seattle  (Wash.)  P.  L.  The  record  of  the  li- 
brary for  1896  is  an  encouraging  one.  Found- 
ed in  1890,  it  now  contains  about  13.500  v.,  the 
additions  for  the  past  year  amounting  to  1400 
y.  The  average  monthly  circulation  for  1896 


was  10,000  as  against  6500  in  1895,  and  there 
are  now  over  3500  borrowers.  The  income 
was  $7300,  with  expenses  of  $8200.  Dur- 
ing the  year  free  access  to  the  shelves  was  in- 
augurated, and  the  system  has  worked  well;  a 
monthly  printed  bulletin  was  begun  in  Novem- 
ber, and  the  "two-book"  system,  adopted 
earlier  in  the  year,  has  been  availed  of  by  near- 
ly one-third  of  the  borrowers. 

Stratford (Ct.)  P.  L.  The  dispute  between 
the  town  selectmen  and  the  library  association 
has  been  settled  by  giving  the  former  body  rep- 
resentation in  the  library  board.  The  town  has 
for  some  time  been  contributing  $800  towards 
the  support  of  the  library,  but  has  not  been  fully 
represented  in  its  management.  A  year  ago 
the  selectmen  announced  that  they  would  with- 
draw support  unless  granted  equal  represen- 
tation on  the  board  of  directors.  The  asso- 
ciation will  now  ask  the  general  assembly  to 
amend  the  charter  of  the  library  so  that  here- 
after it  will  have  22  members  on  its  board  of 
directors,  half  of  whom  will  represent  the  as- 
sociation and  the  other  half  the  town. 

Syracuse  (Ar.  Y.)  Central  L.  The  annual  re- 
port has  just  been  issued.  The  total  number  of 
volumes  now  in  the  library  is  31,145.  Circula- 
tion for  1896  was  91,793  volumes,  an  increase 
of  81^  per  cent,  above  the  circulation  of  the 
last  year  in  the  high  school  building,  the  loca- 
tion previous  to  1894.  Reading-room  statistics 
for  the  last  six  months  show  18,392  visitors. 
The  Sunday  afternoon  opening  has  proved 
s-o  successful  that  it  has  become  a  permanent 
thing,  the  time  being  increased  by  one  hour. 
During  the  week  the  circulating  department 
closes  at  9  p.m.  instead  of  8. 

The  librarian  writes:  "The  crying  need  of 
the  library  is  a  children's  reading-room.  As 
I  write,  every  seat  in  the  reading- room  is  taken, 
several  persons  are  standing,  and  more  than 
half  the  readers  are  boys  of  the  poorer  classes 
—  restless,  of  course.  All  departments  are 
equally  overcrowded.  We  hope  for  an  appro- 
priation to  build  an  addition  soon.  Lists  of  new 
books  are  printed  weekly  in  six  local  papers. 
A  move  toward  branch  libraries,  though  on 
a  small  scale,  has  been  made  in  granting  a 
selection  of  books  to  the  Working  Girls'  Club 
of  Cavalry  Church,  and  another  set,  of  chil- 
dren's books,  to  a  home  library.  The  home 
library  movement  has  been  inaugurated  by  the 
Central  New  York  branch  of  Collegiate  Alum- 
nae, and  other  libraries  will  be  sent  out  from 
the  central  as  fast  as  visitors  are  obtained." 

Tennessee  State  L.,  Nashville.  The  report  of 
the  joint  committee  of  the  Senate  and  House 
recently  appointed  to  investigate  the  state  li- 
brary has  been  presented  to  the  legislature. 
The  committee  say:  "  As  to  the  general  condi- 
tion of  the  library,  we  are  gratified  to  be  able 
to  state  that  no  state  library  could  be  in  better 
condition  or  more  attractively  conducted,  con- 
sidering the  limited  means  placed  by  the  legisla- 
ture at  the  disposal  of  the  librarian.  The  books 
are  kept  clean  and  in  their  places,  the  office  is 
run  upon  business  principles,  and  at  the  same 


February,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


in 


time  with  the  trost  invariable  kindness  upon  the 
part  of  the  state  librarian  and  her  assistant." 

Troy  (N.  Y.)  Y.  M.  A.  Z.  (Rpt.,  1896.) 
Added  1240;  total  not  given.  Issued,  home 
use  56,282  ;  ref.  use  18,202.  New  registration 
301;  total  borrowers  5204. 

"A  great  increase  in  the  number  who  will 
seek  the  privileges  of  the  library  may  be  ex- 
pected to  follow  our  removal  to  the  Hart  Me- 
morial building,  where  greater  and  better  fa- 
cilities for  study  will  be  available,  and  where 
other  inducements  to  use  the  library  will  be 
present." 

Univ.  of  Mich.  L.,  Ann  Arbor.  (Rpt. — 
year  ending  Oct.  i,  "96.)  Added,  general  1., 
5356  v.,  261  pm.,  68  maps;  total  "exceeds 
100,000."  Total  recorded  use  133.515.  Addi- 
tions to  medical  1.  were  643  v.,  6  pm. ;  to  law  1. 
259  v.  In  addition  to  the  accessions  noted  the 
general  library  received  during  the  year  two 
valuable  collections  of  books:  the  philosophical 
library  of  Prof.  George  S.  Morris,  of  about 
1 100  volumes,  presented  by  Mrs.  Morris,  and 
the  Alpheus  Felch  historical  library,  of  about 
3500  volumes,  bequeathed  to  the  university  by 
the  Hon.  Alpheus  Felch.  When  these  have 
been  classified  and  bound  they  will  be  of  great 
practical  use. 

"  Of  the  readers  in  the  reading-room  58$  were 
men  and  42  %  women.  A  registry  to  determine 
the  character  of  readers  was  kept  during  the 
week  ending  March  14.  From  this  it  appeared 
that  96.80  %  were  university  students,  1.60  % 
were  high  school  students,  1.60$  various  per- 
sons." 

Walla  Walla,  Wash.  It  is  proposed  to  estab- 
lish a  free  library  in  Walla  Walla  under  an 
existing  statute  which  provides  that  a  library 
fund  of  $1000  must  be  raised  before  the  library 
may  be  founded.  The  sum  required,  however, 
may  exist  either  in  money  or  in  books.  At 
present  about  $670  have  been  raised  for  the 
purpose. 

Warren  (Pa.)  F.  P.  L.  (Rpt.)  Added  321; 
total  9444.  Issued  36,456(fict.  25,576,  juv.  6474). 
Cardholders  ^43.  Receipts$i8os.88;  expenses 
$1548.87.  The  statistics  of  receipts  and  ex- 
penditures cover  only  those  of  the  general 
fund. 

Washington,  D.  C.  U-  S.  Congressional  L. 
Mr.  Green's  report  for  1896  on  the  construction 
of  the  building  gives  the  following  facts: 
"  During  the  year  the  book-stacks  have  been 
completed,  and  most  of  the  detail  finishing  of 
the  interior  has  been  completed;  the  work  now 
in  progress  includes  the  construction  of  the 
book-carrying  apparatus  for  service  between 
the  book-stacks,  the  public  reading-room,  and 
the  capitol,  construction  of  the  pneumatic  tube 
and  private  telephone  lines  to  the  capitol 
through  the  tunnel,  adjusting  and  finishing  of 
the  wood-work  of  the  table  fixtures  and  desks 
in  the  public  reading-room,  planng  the  last  of 
the  door  and  window  hardware,  electric-light- 
ing fixtures,  plain  painting  and  placing  of  the 


few  remaining  mural  pictures  and  bronze  fig- 
ures, the  bronze  doors  of  the  main  entrance, 
construction  of  the  fountain  in  the  west  ap- 
proaches, and  the  planting  of  shrubs  and 
dwarf  trees  in  the  grounds  to  complete  their 
design.  All  of  this  work  is  rapidly  drawing  to 
a  close,  and  the  building  will,  without  doubt, 
be  entirely  completed  in  every  essential  par- 
t'cular  ready  to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  its 
permanent  custodian,  for  occupation  and  use, 
by  the  end  of  February,  1897." 

As  this  report  will  probably  be  the  last  to  be 
presented,  Mr.  Green  devotes  much  space  to  a 
general  history  of  the  building  from  the  time 
work  was  begun  on  it  in  1880. 

Wilmington  (Del.)  Institute  L.  A  compara- 
tive table  of  circulation  prepared  by  librarian 
Sewall  shows  an  increase  of  10,663  'n  tne  home 
use  of  books  for  1896  over  1895.  The  figures 
for  -1896  are  146,562;  those  for  1895  were 
135.899.  "Approximately  speaking,  one-half 
of  this  increase  belongs  to  fiction,  one-quarter 
to  juvenile,  and  the  other  quarter  to  the  other 
departments  of  the  library.  The  registration 
of  new  borrowers  during  1896  amounted  to 
1778,  as  against  1680  for  1895,  an  increase  of 
98.  These  figures  show  what  any  official  or 
habitu6  of  the  library  already  knows,  that  not 
only  are  more  people  coming  to  the  library 
than  ever  before,  but  that  those  who  come  are 
coming  oftener." 

Woonsocket,  R.  I.  Harris  Institute  L.  (Rpt.) 
Added  323;  total  13,141.  Issued  31,081  (fict.  and 
juv.  20,933). 

FOREIGN. 

Gait  (Ontario,  Can.)  P.  L.  The  library  was 
formally  opened  on  the  afternoon  of  Jan.  23. 
Its  history  dates  back  to  1835,  when  the  town 
was  but  a  straggling  settlement,  and  when,  on 
Jan.  9,  the  Gait  Subscription  and  Circulating 
Library  was  formed,  with  a  capital  of  ^25, 
borrowed  from  a  friend  on  the  security  of  all 
of  the  members  of  the  association.  The  library, 
contained  in  one  or  two  pine  bookcases,  occu- 
pied for  years  the  home  of  the  librarian,  that 
office  for  a  considerable  period  being  filled  by 
a  widow  who  carried  on  a  little  bakery  and 
store  in  a  two-story  frame  building.  The 
book-shelves  were  in  an  upper  room  and  were 
reached  by  an  outside  staircase,  which  was 
none  too  safe  in  wintry  weather.  The  interest 
taken  in  the  library  may  be  judged  from  the 
fact  that  promptly  on  its  organization  150  pay- 
ing members  were  secured.  In  1853  the  old 
association  became  the  Gait  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute, and  for  nearly  44  years  after  that  it  had  a 
prosperous  career.  In  1896  the  town  council 
made  provision  for  the  housing  of  the  library 
in  its  present  attractive  rooms  in  the  new  mar- 
ket building,  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  with- 
in a  year  or  so,  when  local  finances  permit,  the 
library  law  of  Ontario  will  be  accepted,  and 
the  library  will  become  a  free  public  institu- 
tion, supported  by  taxation. 

Montreal  (Can.)  P.  L.  The  library  of  the 
Chateau  Ramezay,  Montreal,  rich  in  historical 


112 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Fcbr uaryy  '97 


and  antiquarian  lore,  is  now  free  to  the  public. 
Its  central  site,  opposite  the  city  hall,  brings  it 
directly  to  the  attention  of  visitors  from  a  dis- 
tance. Chateau  Ramezay  is  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting buildings  in  America.  It  dates  from 
1705,  when  Claude  de  Ramezay,  Sieur  de  La- 
gesse,  governor  of  Montreal,  built  it  as  his 
residence.  After  his  death  it  was  used  for  a 
long  "time  by  La  Compagnie  des  Indes  as  a 
warehouse  for  its  furs.  In  1770  it  was  once 
more  adopted  as  the  governor's  official  home. 
As  such  Sir  Guy  Carleton  vacated  it  when  the 
Continental  army  captured  Montreal,  an  event 
which  made  the  chateau  the  headquarters  of 
Franklin,  Chase,  and  Carroll,  the  commission- 
ers charged  with  endeavoring  to  persuade  the 
Canadians  to  cast  in  their  lot  with  the  thirteen 
revolted  colonies.  In  the  vault  next  the  kitchen 
Franklin  set  up  the  first  printing-press  in  Mon- 
treal, from  which  he  struck  off  his  manifestoes 
to  the  inhabitants.  On  the  defeat  of  Mont- 
gomery at  Quebec  the  governor  for  the  third 
time  assumed  residence  within  its  walls.  From 
1841  to  1849  it  was  the  headquarters  of  the 
government  of  the  united  provinces  of  Canada, 
and  in  the  council-room,  still  in  excellent  or- 
der, the  cabinet  meetings  were  held.  On  the 
removal  of  the  seat  of  government  from  Mon- 
treal the  chateau  underwent  many  vicissitudes, 
until  through  the  generosity  of  Mr.  H.  J.  Tiffin 
it  was  recently  handed  over,  with  its  contents, 
to  the  Numismatic  and  Antiquarian  Society  as 
trustee  for  the  public.  The  chateau  is  filled 
with  interesting  portraits  and  relics  of  the 
early  days  of  Canada;  among  the  names  it 
commemorates  are  many  that  won  fame  in  the 
colonial  history  of  the  United  States.  The  li- 
brary starts  work  with  about  10,000  v. 

South  Africa.  Laurence,  P.  M.  Public  libra- 
ries in  South  Africa.  (In  The  Library,  Jan., 
p.3-i6.) 

An  interesting  account  of  library  affairs  in 
South  Africa;  the  writer  has  been  chairman  of 
the  library  committee  of  the  Kimberley  Public 
Library  for  13  years.  There  are  now  96  libra- 
ries in  South  Africa,  of  which  the  leading  ones 
are  in  Cape  Town,  Port  Elizabe'h,  Kimberley, 
King  William's  Town,  and  Grahamstown. 
These  five  libraries  contain  131  543  v. 


anb  Ocqneots. 


Lehigh  Univ.  L.,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.  Mrs. 
Coxe,  widow  of  the  late  Eckley  B.  Coxe,  has 
presented  to  the  university  the  technical  li- 
brary of  her  husband,  which  includes  the  col- 
lection of  Julius  Wiesback,  of  Freiburg.  It 
numbers  about  8000  v. 

Providence  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  On  Feb.  6  the  an- 
nouncement was  made  that  John  Nicholas 
Brown,  of  Providence,  had  given  to  the  Provi- 
dence Public  Library  Association,  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  new  building,  the  sum  of  $200,000. 
Further  details  of  this  magnificent  gift  will  be 
given  later, 


(Librarians. 


BISCOE,  Miss  Ellen  D.,  of  the  New  York  State 
Library  School,  class  of  '96,  has  been  elected 
librarian  of  the  Eau  Claire  (Wis.)  Public  Li- 
brary, succeeding  Miss  Louise  Sutermeister. 

BOLTON,  Charles  Knowles.  The  engagement 
has  been  announced  of  Mr.  C.  K.  Bolton,  libra- 
rian of  the  Brookline  (Mass.)  Public  Library,  to 
Miss  Ethel  Stanwood,  daughter  of  Mr.  Edward 
Stanwood,  a  trustee  of  the  Brookline  Public 
Library. 

BOWERMAN,  George  Franklin  (N.  Y.  State 
Library  School,  B.L.S.  1895),  who,  during 
the  month  of  January,  classified  and  cataloged 
the  library  of  the  Saturn  Club,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
accepted  a  position  Feb.  i  as  assistant  in  the 
New  York  State  Library. 

DU  RIEU,  Dr.  W.  N.,  director  of  the  Univer- 
sity Library  at  Leyden,  died  December  21,  1896. 
Dr.  du  Rieu  was  born  in  Leyden,  October  23. 
1829,  at  which  time  his  father  was  burgomaster 
of  Leyden.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  amanu- 
ensis of  the  University  Library.  Two  years 
later  he  was  promoted  to  become  conservator 
of  manuscripts.  In  1880  he  became  librarian 
and  director  of  the  library.  As  an  authority 
on  bibliographical  and  historical  matters  Dr. 
du  Rieu  was  highly  regarded  abroad  as  well  as 
in  his  native  country.  His  best-known  works 
are  ' ' Re pertorium der  verhandelingen  en  bijdra- 
gen  betreffende  de  geschiedenis  des  vaderlands 
in  mengelwerken  en  tijdschriften  verschenen," 
"  Registervan  acad.  diss.,"  and  "Album  studi- 
osorum."  He  also  edited  the  correspondence 
of  Christiaan  Huygens,  and  was  actively  en- 
gaged in  arranging  to  reproduce,  by  an  autotype 
process,  fac-similes  of  rare  manuscripts,  each  to 
be  furnished  with  critical  and  historical  intro- 
ductions. This  work,  of  which  the  first  vol- 
ume— Codex  Sarravianus-Colbertinus  of  the 
Old  Testament  —  has  just  been  issued,  will  no 
doubt  suffer  through  the  loss  of  its  most  enthu- 
siastic projector  and  supporter. 

HICKCOX,  John  Howard,  died  suddenly  from 
heart  disease  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  January 
30.  Mr.  Hickcox  was  born  in  Albany,  N.  Y., 
August  10,  1832.  When  quite  young  he  be- 
came associated  with  the  New  York  State 
Library,  of  which  he  was  the  assistantlibrarian 
from  1858  to  1864.  After  the  war  he  removed 
to  Washington,  where,  in  1874,  he  received  an 
appointment  in  the  Congressional  Library;  A 
few  years  after  he  resigned  and  set  himself  up 
in  the  second-hand  book  business.  From  the 
start  he  made  a  specialty  of  government  pub- 
lications, which  led  him,  in  1885,  to  begin  the 
publication  of  his  "Monthly  catalogue  of 
United  States  publications,"  of  which  ten  vol- 
umes have  appeared,  carrying  the  record  down 
through  1894,  though  one  or  two  numbers  are 
yet  to  be  published  to  complete  the  set.  His 
efficient  work  in  this  direction  led  the  editor  of 
the  "American  Catalogue"  to  confide  to  Mr. 
Hickcox  the  compilation,  on  the  plan  already 
worked  out  in  the  volume  for  1876-1884,  of  the 
appendixes  to  that  catalog  containing  the  list 


february,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


of  government  publications  in  the  succeeding 
volumes  for  1884-1890  and  1890-1895.  When 
F.  A.  Crandall  assumed  the  duties  of  Su- 
perintendent of  Documents  he  very  wisely 
included  Mr.  Hickcox  in  his  staff.  But  un- 
fortunately Mr.  Hickcox  had  been  indepen- 
dent so  long  that  he  could  not  easily  subordinate 
himself  to  the  direction  of  others  and  shortly 
after  his  appointment  he  resigned  the  position. 
A  month  ago  his  only  son,  who  had  been  his 
close  and  loved  companion  for  years,  died  sud- 
denly. Mr.  Hickcox  never  recovered  from 
the  shock,  and,  much  weakened,  he  succumbed 
suddenly  to  heart  disease.  Mr.  Hickcox,  be- 
sides his  catalogues  of  government  publica- 
tions and  numerous  contributions  tonewpapers 
and  reviews  on  historical  and  bibliographical 
subjects,  wrote  the  following:  "  An  historical 
account  of  American  coinage,"  Albany,  1858, 
which  at  that  time  proved  of  great  service  to 
students  of  American  history;  "  History  of  the 
bills  of  credit,  or,  paper  currency  of  New 
York,  from  1709  to  1789,"  Albany,  1865;  and 
"  A  bibliography  of  the  writings  of  Franklin 
Benjamin  Hough,  M.D.,"  Washington,  1886. 
By  arrangement  with  Mr.  Hickcox's  widow  his 
business  will  be  continued  at  906  M  Street, 
Washington,  by  his  old  friend,  G.  A.  Whitaker, 
formerly  bookseller  af  941  Penna.  Ave.  Mr. 
Hickcox's  services  to  bibliography,  especially 
in  the  line  of  government  publications,  were 
many  and  great,  and  his  work  will  be  held 
in  honorable  remembrance. 

ROOD,  Osna,  for  eight  years  cataloger  at  the 
Newberry  Library,  has  joined  the  cataloging 
force  of  the  Astor  Library,  New  York. 

Cataloging  and  Classification. 


The  CLEVELAND  (O.)  P.  L.  has  issued  special 
reading  lists,  nos.  3  and  4,  relating  to  Abraham 
Lincoln  and  George  Washington  ;  they  are 
compiled  by  Margaret  G.  Pierce  and  are  full 
and  well  arranged. 

The  FITCHBURG  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  Jan- 
uary has  a  reference  list  on  George  Washington. 

GUILLAUME,  C:  E.     The  decimal  classification 
of  literature.     (In  Science  Gossip,  Jan.,  1897, 
p.  208-209;  tr«  from  La  Nature.} 
Mr.  Dewey's  classification  is  considered  as 
"solely  administrative,"  not  scientific,  and  the 
author  says  that  "  Mr.  Dewey,  in  his  classifica- 
tion,  shows  more  the  habits   of  an   engineer 
than  a  scholar." 

NEWTON  (Mass.)F.  L.  Bulletin  no.  5:  books  add- 
ed from  October,  1895,  to  November,  1896. 
Newton,  1896.     73  p.  1.  O. 
The  PROVIDENCE  (R.  I.)  P.  L.   Bulletin   for 
January  has  an  admirable  reference  list  (no. 
40)  on  William  Wordsworth;   it   givfs   also   a 
Useful  index  to  other  reference  lists  published 
in  1896. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  January 
contains  classed  reading  lists  on  Robert  Brown- 
ing, E.  B.  Browning,  and  Winter.  In  the  De- 


cember issue  there  was  a  four-page  classed  list 
on  "  Evolution." 

The  SPRINGFIELD  (Mass.)  L.  Bulletin  con- 
tinues the  "  author  list  of  juvenile  books  in  the 
library,"  and  adds  a  short  list  of  "Tales  of 
school  and  college  life." 

U.S.  N.  Y.  STATE  LIBRARY  BULLETIN,  Legisla- 
tion, no.  7,  December,  1896.  Legislation  by 
state  in  1896  :  seventh  annual  comparative 
summary  and  index. 

FULL    NAMES. 

"  Mrs.  Alexander."  The  Osterhout  Free  Li- 
brary desires  to  correct  the  entry  of  "Mrs. 
Alexander's "  full  name  in  its  catalog,  from 
Mrs.  Annie  F.  (Thomas)  Hector  to  Mis.  Annie 
(French)  Hector.  The  facts  in  the  matter  are 
briefly  as  follows:  Some  months  since  the  Os- 
terhout Library  was  asked  the  authority  for 
the  form  given  by  it,  which  is  adopted  by  but 
one  other  catalog,  that  of  the  Milwaukee  Pub- 
lic Library.  The  matter  was  teferred  to  Mrs. 
Alexander,  who  responded,  giving  her  correct 
name  as  Annie  (French)  Hector.  She  was  An- 
nie French,  and  married  Mr.  Alexander  Hec- 
tor, dropping  the  maiden  name  after  marriage. 
She  wrote  under  her  husband's  first  name  as  a 
pseudonym,  and  states  that  she  wishes  to  be 
known  in  all  catalogs  as  "  Mrs.  Alexander." 


BINDINGS.  The  Portfolio  for  December,  1896, 
is  devoted  to  Royal  English  bookbindings, 
by  Cyril  Davenport.  There  are  many  illus- 
trations, some  of  them  very  fine. 

CATALOGUE  general  des  grands  ecrivains  de 
toutes  les  litteratures.  Paris,  librairie  Gau- 
tier,  1896.  158  p.  8°,  fr.  1.50. 

CLASSICS.  Mayor,  Jos.  B.  Guide  to  the  choice 
of  classical  books.  New  supplement  (1879- 
1896).  London  :  David  Nutt,  1896.  25  + 
128  p.  12°. 

This  book  is  a  supplement  to  the  work  that 
was  published  in  1879,  last  edition  in  1885. 
The  portion  "containing  the  list  of  authors  is 
almost  entirely  confined  to  books  published 
since  1878."  Publishers  and  prices  are  given, 
the  latter  in  terms  of  the  country  in  which  the 
book  was  published.  The  part  of  the  book 
which  is,  perhaps,  most  helpful  is  that  which 
is  devoted  to  "help  to  the  study  of  ancient 
authors."  These  helps  are  arranged  alpha- 
betically by  subjects :  Language,  history, 
mythology,  etc.  The  concluding  part  of  the 
volume  is  devoted  to  serial  lists,  such  as  the 
well-known  Teubner  series  of  Greek  and  Latin 
classics,  etc.  The  chief  criticism  against  the 
work  as  a  whole  is  that  to  the  uninitiated  many 
of  the  entries  are  too  brief  to  be  fully  under- 
stood. 

FINE  ART.  The  annotated  bibliography  of 
Fine  Art  and  Music  by  Russell  Sturgis  and 
Henry  E.  Krehbiel  will  be  issued  about  March 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Fcbruary,  '97 


25  by  the  Library  Bureau  for  the  American 
Library  Association.  In  the  scope  and  fulness 
of  the  notes  prefixed  to  is  successive  parts, 
the  reader  and  student  will  find  aid  thus  far 
unexampled  in  any  similar  volume.  Both  con- 
tributors have  had  for  years  to  answer  many 
questions  with  regard  to  books.  Every  im- 
portant question  thus  put  receives  its  answer  in 
the  pages  of  this  guide. 

GEOLOGY.  Darton,  N.  H.  Catalog  and  index 
of  contributions  to  North  American  geology, 
1732-1891,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  bulletin, 
no.  127.  Washington,  Gov.  Print.  Office,  1897. 
1045  p.  8'. 

"  The  entries  include  a  complete  bibliograph- 
ic list  of  articles  under  authors'  names  and 
analytical  lists  under  localities  by  states,  under 
formations  by  physiographic  regions,  and  un- 
der a  partial  classification  of  'geologic  philoso- 
phy' in  which  the  alphabetical  order  of  head- 
ings is,  for  some  unstated  reason,  abandoned. 
Under  each  subdivision  the  order  of  entries  is 
by  date  of  publication  ;  but  under  each  year 
titles  often  stand  in  accidental  order,  and  this 
involves  some  inconvenience  in  such  a  subject 
as  petrography,  where  the  titles  of  a  single 
year  overrun  a  page  column.  Full  references 
to  place  of  publication  are  given  only  under 
the  author's  name.  With'  so  many  leading 
lines  it  is  very  easy  to  run  down  any  desired 
subject.  Florida  coral  reefs,  for  example,  will 
be  found  under  Florida  ;  under  Pleistocene 
formation,  Gulf  region  ;  under  geologic  philos- 
ophy, section  coral  reefs  ;  and  under  various 
authors.  Errors  appear  to  be  very  rare,  al- 
though one  well-known  name  is  repeatedly  mis- 
printed."— N.  Y.  Eve.  Post,  Feb.  i,  '97. 

JESUIT  RELATIONS.  The  first  volume  of  the 
"  Jesuit  relations,"  now  in  course  of  publica- 
tion by  the  Burrows  Bros.  Co. ,  of  Cleveland, 
contains  as  an  appendix  interesting  "  biblio- 
graphical data"  concerning  the  eight  docu- 
ments included  in  that  volume.  These  are 
Lescarbot's  report  on  "La  conversion  des 
sauvages,"  1610;  the  "  Lettre  missive  of  Ber- 
trand,"  1610;  three  letters  of  Father  P.  Biard, 
1611;  letter  of  E>  Masse,  1611,  and  two  reports 
on  the  Canadian  missions  and  Indians  by 
Father  Jouvency.  Mention  is  made  of  the 
copies  of  each  document  known  to  be  in  ex- 
istence, with  reference  to  the  various  catalogs 
in  which  they  are  listed,  and  collations  are 
given.  The  title-pages  of  the  original  docu- 
ments are  reproduced  in  fac-simile,  or  closely 
imitated. 

SCLATER,  P.  L.  Bibliography  of  the  published 
writings  of  Philip  Lutley  Sclater,  F.R.S.,  sec- 
retary of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London; 
prepared  under  the  direction  of  G.  Brown 
Goode.  Wash.,  Gov.  Print.  Office,  1896. 
(Smithsonian  Institution,  Bulletin  of  the  U. 
S.  National  Museum,  no.  49.)  136  p.  O. 

THE  Revue  Internationale  des  Archives,  des 
Bibliotheques  et  des  Musses,  published  since  1895 


by  H.  Welter,  Paris,  announces  that  it  will  dis- 
continue publication.  It  has,  presumably,  never 
received  sufficient  support  from  French  libra- 
ries to  pur  it  upon  a  practicable  commercial 
basis.  Its  short-lived  existence  recalls  the  fact 
that  France  possesses  no  distinctly  library  pub- 
lication, as  do  England  and  Germany.  While 
there  are  several  French  book  journals  of  a 
semi-library  character,  there  is  no  publication 
officially  recognized  as  the  organ  of  the  French 
libraries. 

SUMMER  SCHOOLS.  Bibliography  of  American 
summer  schools.  (In  report  of  U.  S.  Commis- 
sioner of  Education,  1894-95,  v.  2,  p.  1486.) 

U.  S.  FISH  COMMISSION.  The  report  of  the 
U.  S.  Commissioner  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1894,  was  published  in  1896.  It  contains, 
p.  619-706,  a  list  of  papers  published  by  the 
commission,  arranged  alphabetically  by  authors 
and  followed  by  an  index.  1934  publications 
are  noted,  and  those  out  of  print  are  indicated. 


Otnongms  anb 


John  Ackworth,  author  of  "  Clog-shop  chron- 
icles," is  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Smith.  —  Library, 
Jan.,  '97,  p.  38. 

Sidney  Grier,  author  of  some  novels  pub- 
lished by  Blackwood,  "is,  I  believe,  Miss 
Hilda  Gregg,  a  granddaughter  of  a  bishop  of 
Cork,  who  was  long  ago  a  popular  preacher  in 
Dublin."  —  S.  ROBERTSON  NICOLL,  in  Bookman, 
Feb.  '97. 

Benjamin  Swift,  author  of  "Nancy  Noon," 
is  the  ps.  of  William  R.  Paterson.  —  Bookbuyer, 
Feb.,  '97,  p.  26. 

Frederick  Benton  Williams,  ps.  of  Herbert  E. 
Hamblen,  author  of  "On  many  seas,"  pub- 
lished by  Macmillan  &  Co.  — Authority  of  editor. 

4jnmor0  anb  JJlnnbere. 

"A   ROSE    BY   ANY    OTHER    NAME."      Not   long 

since  a  great  news  company  ordered  of  a  prom- 
inent jobber  a  set  of  the  "Jesuit  relations"  as 
follows: 

"  Please  send  us 

"  i  Ruben  Gold,  by  Teraites,  vol.  i." 

FROM  A  SALES  CATALOG:  Stirling,  James  H. 
Text-Book  to  Kant.  The  Critique  of  Poor 
Reason.  8vo.  N.  Y..  1882. 

THE  following  are  among  some  books  asked 
for  by  public  library  readers,  taken  from  a  li- 
brarian's record  of  queer  blunders:  "Poetical 
poems,  by  Lalla  Roohk";  "Black  Beauty,  a 
little  book  by  Zola  ";  "  The  stinking  minister"; 
"The  stuck-up  minister";  "From  Jessie  to 
Ernest";  "A  book  describing  place  where  they 
keep  leopards  on  Sandwich  Islands  ";  "  Round 
the  red  lamp  chimney";  "Are  there  any  Manx- 
mans  in  "  ?  "  Dickens  Tootpick  papers  ";  "  Any 
book  telling  where  sheet  iron  is  mined  " ;  "  Open- 
ing of  the  chestnut  (Burr)";  "Abraham's 
nights." 


February,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  ris 

IMPERFECT  SETS. 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  periodical  literature  in  modern  libraries,  THE 
BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  established  its  Library  Department  with  the  idea  that  a 
definite  service  could  be  rendered  overworked  librarians  by  an  intelligent  effort  to 
supply  them  with  sets  of  periodicals  and  Society  transactions  bibliographically  com- 
plete and  materially  perfect. 

Under  the  old  method,  librarians  were  forced  to  buy  such  sets  or  parts  of  sets 
as  appeared  on  booksellers'  catalogues,  or  were  privately  offered  to  them,  taking 
their  chances  as  to  the  completeness  or  perfectness  of  the  sets.  Before  the  publica- 
tion of  "  Poole's  Index  "  the  shortcomings  of  such  a  mode  of  purchase  were  not 
apparent,  because  the  deficiencies  in  sets  so  bought  were  not  brought  to  special 
notice  ;  but  in  these  days  of  thorough  indexing  the  constant  showing  up  of  tanta- 
lizing defects  obliges  the  conscientious  librarian  to  assume  the  labor  of  collation,  and 
the  subsequent  vexatious  time  and  money  cost  involved  in  trying  to  make  the 
defects  good. 

It  is  exactly  this  burdensome  and  wasteful  labor  which  THE  BOSTON  BOOK 
COMPANY  has  endeavored  to  save  librarians,  by  supplying  only  sets  which  have 
passed  through  the  hands  of  a  conscientious  and  carefully  trained  staff  of  collators 

We  find,  however,  that  some  librarians  still  prefer  to  buy  sets  by  the  old 
method,  and  to  such  librarians  we  wish  to  make  it  known,  that  while  we  consider 
our  method  the  economical  and  preferable  one  to  libraries  in  the  end,  we  are  entirely 
willing  to  sell  uncollated  sets  to  such  as  prefer  to  buy  them. 

We  have  always  a  great  many  uncollated  sets  on  hand  (because  conscientious 
collation  is  a  tedious  and  time-consuming  work)  and  we  can  offer  them  as  cheaply 
as  any  other  dealers.  In  such  cases  we  will  make  an  offer  of  the  volumes  actually 
on  hand,  but  will  not  undertake  that  every  page,  title-page,  index,  supplement, 
appendix,  plate,  or  map  is  supplied,  as  we  do  ordinarily. 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  only  asks  that  a  fair  comparison  of  price  and 
quality  be  made,  and  is  perfectly  willing  to  sell  to  librarians  on  any  method  they 
may  prefer.  __ 

Remainder  Stock  of  Poole  Sets. 

We  have  bound  up  for  libraries  a  few  sets  of  two  periodicals  that  are  to  be 
included  in  the  next  supplement  to  "  Poole's  Index,"  viz.: 

"The  Law  Quarterly  Review,"  of  London,  12  vols.,  cloth,  $30.00  (regular 
price  in  law  sheep,  $48.00,  net);  and  "The  Juridical  Review,"  of  Edinburgh, 
7  vols.,  cloth,  $24.50  (regular  price  in  law  sheep,  $33.25,  net]. 

This  special  price  for  cloth  sets  applies  only  to  our  stock  now  on  hand. 

These  two  sets  are  recommended  to  the  attention  of  librarians  of  General 
Libraries.  Sample  numbers  will  be  sent  on  application. 


THE   BOSTON   BOOK  CO., 

Beacon   Street,  -  -  BOSTON,   MASS. 


n6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[February,  '97 


LIVRKS  D'OCCASION 


En  vente  a  la  Librairie  H. 
PARIS  —  59,    RUE    BONAPARTE,    6Q  —  PARIS 


Antiquit^s  mexicaines,  publ.  par  Warden.  2  vol.  in-fol. 

d.-mar.  1836-44,  av.  176  pi.  col.  200  fr. 

Archives  des  Missions  scientifiques.  Coll.  compl.  1850- 

91.  33  vol.,  av.  pi.  Superbe  ^tat.  200  fr. 

Art  de  verifier  Its  dates.  Compl.  en  44  v.  in-8,  cart. 

1818-25.  150  fr. 

BARONIUS.  Annalts  ecclesiastici,  37  v.  in. -4,  rel. 

1864-84.  330  fr. 

Bibl.de  I'Ecole  des  Chartes.  Coll.  bien compl.,  1839-95. 

55  y-  650  fr. 

Bibliotheque  franfaise  (e'dittfe  par  Didot).  54  forts  vol. 

gr.  in-8  &  2  col.  270  fr. 

Bibliothejjue  grecque-latine,  e"d.  Didot.  70  vol.  gr.  in-8 

it  2  col.  dont  35  vol.  rel.  600  fr. 

BORGHESI,  CEuvres.  9  t.  en  10  vol.  Paris,  Imp. 

Nat.  1 80  fr. 

Bulletin  du  /?/£//o/A *V*  (Techener).  1834-95.  55  vol. 200  fr. 
Bulletin  monumental  (Caumont).  1835-79,  av.  tabl. 

47  v.  300  fr. 

CAHIER  et  MARTIN.  Melanges  d'archeologie.  4  vol. 

in-4,  d.-rel.  1847-56.  Rare.  400  fr. 

CANCIANI.  Barbarorum  leges.  5  v.  fol.  1781-89,  d.- 

bas.  80  fr. 

Cartas  de  Indias.  Folio,  avec  208  planches  et  fac- 
similes. Madrid,  1877.  190  fr. 
CLARAC.  Musee  de  sculpture.  6  vol.  texte  et  6  all. 

in-4  obi.,  d.-chag.  280  fr. 

CLINTON.  Fasti  hellenici.  3  vol.  in-4,  rel.  60  fr. 

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n8 


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APPLETON'5  LIBRARY  LIST5. 

R  more  than  fifty  years  Messrs.  D.  APPLETON  &  Co.  have  been  engaged  in  the  publica- 
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119 


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to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  commission  usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all  books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to 
carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  department  of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publica- 
tions of  the  day.  Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 


"Notts  on  New  Books"  a  quarterly  of  their  own  publications^  will  be  sent  regularly,  on  apjlicatitn. 


February,  '97]  THE  LIBRAR  Y  JO  URNAL  1 2 , 


J.  A.  SCHWEINFURTH, 

ARCHITECT, 

1 1 1  i   EXCHANGE  BUILDING,  BOSTON. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  A  SPECIALTY. 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
orders. 

The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
kept  in  stock,  thereby  enabling  us  to  fill  orders  with  utmost  despatch. 

Special  attention  is  asked  to  our  facilities  for  importing  books  free  of  duty. 

Correspondence  solicited.  Send  for  catalogues  and  specimen  copy  of 
THE  BOOK  BUYER,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  books,  authors,  and  literary  affairs. 


H.  5OTHERAN  &  CO., 


'"  C" 

BOOKMEN,  LONDON.  *     t  .  *fV~*      1     *  V««      UNICODE. 


Booksellers,  Bookbinders,  and  Publishers,  and  General  Agents  in  Europe 
for  Private  Bookbuyers  and  Public  Institutions  in  America. 

With  exceptionally  long  experience  in  Library  Agency,  they  can  promise  the  best  care, 
diligence,  and  discretion  in  everything  relating  to  it,  and  in  small  matters  as  well  as  great. 
Established  1816.  

A  Monthly  Catalogue  of  Second-Hand  Books.    Specimen  Number  post  frtt. 


14O  Strand,  W.  C.,  and  37   Piccadilly,  W. :  London. 

KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO., 

LIMITED, 

PUBLISHERS  AND  LIBRARY  AGENTS, 

Having  extensive  experience  In  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
INSTITUTIONS,  etc.,  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  Miscellaneous  Requisites,  Books  (New  and 
Second-hand),  or  Periodicals  in  all  Languages,  offer  their  Services  to  LIBRARIANS,  SECRE- 
TARIES, AND  OTHERS.  Careful  attention  given  to  every  detail.  Exceptional  Facilities  for 
obtaining  Foreign  and  Scarce  Books.  BINDING  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  UNDERTAKEN.  Periodical! 
and  Newspapers  Promptly  Supplied  as  issued.  Books  Shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  World  at  Lowest 
Rates.  

TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES.  HANDBOOKS,  ETC. 


122 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\February,  '97 


LIBRARY    DEPARTflENT 


A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co., 

CHICAGO. 

ORDERS  for  libraries — public,  university,  college,  or  school — filled  with  prompt- 
ness and  the  greatest  care. 

Our  stock  of  miscellaneous  books  is  very  large  and  complete,  and  our  special 
Library  Department  with  a  corps  of  trained  assistants  enables  us  to  give  the  best 
attention  to  the  peculiar  demands  of  libraries. 

We  are  continually  receiving  large  consignments  of  foreign  books — those  for 
public  libraries  coming  free  of  duty — and  we  make  a  specialty  of  picking  up  both 
domestic  and  foreign  books  which  are  out  of  print  or  which  for  other  reasons  are 
difficult  to  secure. 

Our  prices  are  very  low  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  librarians 
regarding  their  wants. 


Auctioneers  and  Appraisers, 
666    Washington   St.,   BOSTON,    MASS. 

AT  PRIVATE  SALE. 

To  be  Sold  by  the  ORDER  of  the  ASSIGNEES 
of  INSOLVENCY.     The 

MIDDLESEX  MECHANICS 
ASSOCIATION  LIBRARY 
OF  LOWELL,  MASS., 

is  now  offered  for  sale  entire,  consisting  of  about 

25,000  VOLUMES  OF  BOOKS, 

in  Various  Departments  of  Literature,  for 
Home  Reading  and  Reference,  all  in  Good 
Condition,  and  still  standing  on  the  library 
shelves. 

A  very  favorable  opportunity  to  acquire  a 
well-selected  library  for  public  use,  at  a  very 
moderate  price. 

For  particulars  or  privilege  of  examination, 
apply  to 

C.   F.   LIBBIE  &  CO., 
666  Washington  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


W.  H.  LOWDERMILK  &  CO., 

1424-1426  F  Street,  Washington,  D.  C. 

We  undertake  to  complete  sets,  or  fill  up 
deficiencies,  in  Government  Publications.  We 
have  the  largest  stock  in  existence,  and  can 
supply  almost  any  document  wanted. 

Our  stock  of  Americana,  Rare  Books,  and 
General  Literature  is  quite  large;  as  also  our 
stock  of  Law-Books. 

When  you  can't  get  a  book  elsewhere,  try  us. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  answer  any  questions  you 
may  wish  to  ask.  It  costs  nothing  to  do  this. 


PERFECT  SETS. 


cals.  I  have  no  imperfect  or  unguaranteed 
sets  for  sale  at  any  price.  I  do  not  believe  that 
it  is  important  to  a  librarian  whether  a  set  is 
collated  by  a  Dutchman,  Frenchman,  or  an 
American,  conscientious  Christian,  or  lustful 
Turk.  A  perfect  set  is  a  perfect  set,  whether 
it  comes  from  "  Greenland's  icy  mountains  or 
India's  coral  strand, "and  that's  what's  the  mat- 
ter. No  buyer  is  in  danger  of  false  pretence  in 
any  shape  that  patronizes  this  shop. 

Still  at  the  old  stand  and  always  happy  to 
answer  letters  containing  offers  of  old  maga- 
zines, I  remain  yours  truly,  A.  S.  CLARK, 

174  Fulton  St.,  New  York  City. 


"IDEAL" 

NEWSPAPER  FILES  ARE  THE 

BEST. 


WRI TE  FOR  CATALOGUE 


EVAN    W.    CORNELL, 


ADRIAN, 


MICH.,    r.    S.    A. 


BOOKS  WANTED. 


A.  Q..  P.  O.  Box  943,  N.  Y. 

Dunton's  Life  and  Errors.    London,  1705. 

Documents  Relating  to  the  Colonial  History  of  the  State 

of  New  Jersey,  v.  n  and  12. 
Farnham's,  A  Glance  at  Private  Libraries.    Crocker  & 

Brewster,  Bost.,  1855. 
Ntw  Etifland  Hitttrical  and  Genealogical   Remitter, 

V.  12. 

The  Antiquary,  v.  31. 

Columbia  University  Library.  N.  Y. 

Scon's  Poetical  Works,  y.  2  (Marmion)  of  Little,  Brown 

&  Co.'s9  v.  ed.  of  British  Poets. 
Sound  Money  League  of  Pa.,  Documents  nos.  7  and  8. 

Alfred  Lee,  Union  League,  Phlla.,  Pa. 

Library  Journal,  July,  1888;  index  and  title-page,  '89; 
Aug.,  '91. 


February,  '97 ]  THE  L1BRAR  Y  JO  URNAL  1 23 

Special  Offer  to  Library  Assistants, 


The  price  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  including  the  Literary  News,  monthly,  is 
$5.00  per  year. 

Complete  sets  cannot  be  supplied,  as  most  of  the  volumes  are  out  of  print. 

Volumes  in  print  will  be  supplied  at  $5.00  per  volume,  single  copies,  50  cents  — 
but  assorted  numbers  in  quantities  for  library  missionary  use  will  be  supplied  at  very 
low  rates. 

To  library  assistants  where  the  library  or  chief  librarian  is  already  a  subscriber, 
and  to  students  in  library  schools,  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  will  be  furnished,  not 
including  the  Literary  News,  at  $2.50  per  year;  The  Publishers'  Weekly  at  $2.00  per 
year;  and  the  Literary  News  at  50  cents  per  year. 

In  libraries  and  library  schools,  etc.,  where  two  or  more  assistants  or  students 
join  in  sending  subscriptions,  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  will  be  furnished,  not  including 
the  Literary  News,  at  $2.00,  The  Publishers'  Weekly  at  $1.00,  and  the  Literary  News 
at  50  cents  per  year. 

Subscriptions  are  received  only  for  the  complete  year,  beginning  January. 

NOW  READY! 

The  Annual  American  Catalogue,  1896 

TH«  ANNUAL  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  for  1896,  which  is  now  in  the  bindery,  will  be  published 
February  15.     It  contains  : 

(i)    Directory  of  American  Publishers  issuing  books  in  1896. 

(a)    Full-title  Record,  with  descriptive  notes,  in  author  alphabet,  of  all  books  recorded  in 
THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY,  1896. 

(3)  Author-,  title-,  and  subject-index  to  same,  in  one  alphabet. 

(4)  Publishers'  annual  lists  for  1896. 

This  volume  forms  the  SECOND  ANNUAL  SUPPLEMENT  to  the  AMERICAN  CATA- 
LOGUE, 1890-95,  now  issuing. 

One  volume,  half  leather,  $3.50  ;  in  sheets,  $3.00  ;  if  ordered  and  paid  for,  before  publica- 
tion, the  price  will  be,  half  leather,  $3.00  ;  in  sheets,  $2.50. 

The  edition  as  usual  is  a  limited  one.  The  volumes  for  1890  to  1893  are  all  out  of  print,  and 
orders  for  those  of  1894  and  1895,  to  insure  supply,  should  be  promptly  filled. 

*   *   ¥   * 

The  annual  volume  of 


may  be  expected  at  the  same  date.  The  volume  for  this  year  differs  from  its  predecessors  in 
this  respect,  that  it  gives  the  full  title  with  duplicate,  and  in  many  cases  triplicate,  classification 
under  one  general  alphabet,  of  every  book,  instead  of  as  hitherto  abbreviated  titles.  One  vol- 
ume, 8°,  paper,  $1.50;  bound  with  the  "Annual  American  Catalogue,"  half  leather,  $5. 

Address  the  OFFICE  OF  THE  PUBLISHERS*  WEEKLY, 
P.  O.  Box  943.  59  Duane  Street,  New  York. 


124 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {February,  '97 


LONDON:  PARIS:  LEIPZIG: 

2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.,  W.  C.      76  Rue  de  Rennes.      Hospital  St.  10. 


GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT, 


.-.     IMPORTER    OF    .-. 


(FORMERLY  81O  BROADWAY,) 


NEW  YORK, 


HAS  REMOVED    TO 


9  East  16th  Street, 


BETWEEN    UNION    SQUARE   AND   FIFTH   AVENUE. 


THE 


Library   Journal 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY   DEVOTED    TO 


Xibrarp  Economy  anfc 


VOL.  22.   No.  3. 

MARCH,  1897. 
Contents. 


PAGE 

THE  PEORIA  (!LL.)  PUBLIC  LIBRARY.  .    .    Frontispiece. 

EDITORIAL 127 

Copyright  Department  of  Congressional  Library. 

"The  New  Journalism  "  as  a  Danger  to  Libraries. 

Fiction  at  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Allegheny. 

The  Massachusetts  Select  Fiction  Lists. 
COMMUNICATIONS 128 

The  Question  of  Indexes. 

Information  as  to  Music  Libraries  Wanted. 

Opinions  Wanted  on  the  Browne  Charging  System. 

Reincorporation  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

THE  TRIALS  OF  THE  LIBRARIAN.  —  Caroline  H.  Gar- 
land  129 

WEEDING  OUT  FICTION  AT  THE  CARNEGIE  FREE  LI- 
BRARY OF  ALLEGHENY. —  W:  M.  Stevtnton.  .  .  133 

BOOKS  OF  1896  —  II 136 

"THE  Nsw  JOURNALISM"  IN  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES.     .    .143 
PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS  IN  THE  S4TH  CONGRESS 143 

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY,  1897- 

'98 i43 

THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY  HANDBOOK 144 

THE  BUFFALO  FREE  LIBRARY 144 


THE  PEORIA  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 145 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 145 

igth  General  Conference,  Philadelphia,  June  21- 
25.  '897. 

English  Post-Conference,  June  26-Aug.  22,  1897. 

Publishing  Section. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 148 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 148 

LIBRARY  CLUBS •.  152 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES 153 

New  York  State  Library  School. 

Pratt  Institute  Library  School. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 155 

PRACTICAL  NOTES 161 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS 162 

LIBRARIANS 162 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 162 

BlBLIOGRAFY 164 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 164 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEG  AN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE, 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  cts. 

Price  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  the  Union,  zor.  per  annum:  single  numbers,  as. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


126 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[M 'arch,  '97 


GUSTAV   FOCK, 


German 
Agency  for 
American 
Libraries. 


Cable  Address 
Buchfock,  Leipzig. 


LEIPZIG  :  Magazingasse  4. 


Dealer  in  New 
and  Second-hand 
Books  and 
Periodicals. 


Code  in  Use : 

ABC  Cod*. 


NEW  YORK  :  P.  O.  Box  2943. 

(Pay  and  Freight  Station  only.) 


The  essential  advantages  arising  from  business  communication  with  my  house  are: 

Prompt  service  ;  exact  execution  of  the  smallest  orders. 

Permanent  assortment  of  millions  of  volumes  and  pamphlets.    Special  Line:  Complete  sets  of  periodicals  and 

pamphlets.     Within  the  last  few  years  I  have  sold  in  America  the  libraries  of  Prof.  Zarncke,  Leipzig ; 

Prof.  Sauppe,  GSttingen  ;  Prof.  Bechstein,  Rostock ;  Prof.  Nagel,  Tubingen ;  and  Prof.  Hertz,  Breslau. 
The  great  saving  in  freight  by  shipment  in  collection  consignments  to  New  York. 

The  American  scholars  and  libraries  having  communication  with  my  house  can  always  buy  at  first  hand. 
Unconditional  guarantee  for  completeness. 
Binding  of  every  class  at  the  cheapest  prices. 
Facilitation  of  communication  through  my  New  York  Agency  (P.  O.  Box  2943),  through'which  the  shipments 

are  sent. 

COMPLETE  LIBRARIES  OF  THE  LATE  PROFESSORS  ARE  FOR  SALE  AT  PRESENT: 

BRCNN  (Munich),  the  prominent  Archaeologist.     Price,  14000  Mark.     Prospectus  and  catalogue  on  demand. 
KEKUI^E  (Bonn),  the  great  Chemist.     18000  volumes.     Price,  32000  Mark.     Prospectus  and  catalogue  on  demand. 
I>l*   KOIS  RE  YMOND  (Brrlin),  the  celebrated   Physiologist.     14000  volumes.     Price,  22000  Mark.     Prospectus 

and  catalogue  on  demand. 
.'VIERK.EL  (Strassburg),  the  Master  of  Criminal  Law.    1200  volumes.    Price,  1500  Mark.    Catalogue  on  demand 


fe! 


(3.) 
(4-) 
(5.) 
(6.) 
(7-) 


In   'Well   Collated   Complete   Sets   I   Offer: 


AiiiKiles  ilechitnie  et  de pJii/sitjHe.  p.  Lavoisier, 
Bertholiet,  Monge,  Dumas,  etc.  Collection  com- 
plete depuis  1'origme  en  1789  jusqu'  &  1894,  inch 
Paris ; 2200 

ArcMv  f.  patholog.  Anatomic  u.  Phyxiologie 
M.  klinigche  UTedizln.  Hrsg.  v.  R.  Virchow. 
Bd.  1-139  u.  Reg.  1847-96.  Bound 980 

Archiv  f.  klinische  CMrurgie.  Hrsg.  v.  La<n- 
genbeck,  Billroth  u.  Gurlt.  Bd.  1-50.  M.  Reg.  zu 
Bd.  1-50.  1860-95.  Bound.  (1415.30.) 600 

Archives  de  phytiologie  normals  et  pathol. 
Dir.  p.  Brown-Sequard,  etc.  24  vols.  1868-92. 
Bound 600 

Bibliotheea  zoologiea.  Hrsg.  v.  Leuckart  u. 
Chun.  1888-95.  (M.8s9.) 500 

Rrockhaus,  Konversntions-T^exikon.  14.  Aufl. 
16  Bande.  1893-95.  Bound.  (M.i6o.) 90 

Bronn,  Klassenu.  Ordnungen  d.  Tierrfiiehs. 
New  ed.  All  from  beginning  to  1895.  All  pub- 
lished. Bound 400 

Bulletin  de  la  Soeie.te  cliimitfite  tie  Paris.  I. 
Serie  :  Reperioire  de  chimie  pure  et  appliquee,  10 
vols.  et  Bulletin  3  vols.  II  Serie:  Bulletin  62  vols. 
Paris,  1858-94.  Relte 750 

Calvinus,  Opera  omnia.  Ed.  by  Baum.Cunitz, 
Reuss.  51  vols.  1863-96.  (M.6u.)  Bound 290 

Centrallilatt,  Botani*che».  Organ  f.  d.  Ge- 
sammtgebiet  d.  Botanik  d.  In- u.  Auslandes.  Hrsg. 
T.  O.  Uhlworm  u.  F.  G.  Kohl.  Jahrg.  1-16  u.  Bei- 
hefte.  Bd.  1-5.  xSSo-gs.  Hbf  z.  (518.-) 450 

Centralblatt  f.  klinische  Medezin.  Red.  v. 
A.  Fraenkel.  Jahrg.  1-16.  i&8o-o6.  (320.-) 150 

Centralblatt  f.  d.  nvdiz.  Wissenxchaften. 
Unter  Mitwirkung  v.  H.  Senator  u.  Salkowski. 
Red.  v.  M.  Bernhardt.  Jahrg.  1-33.  1863-95. 
(690.-) 140 


MARK 

Inscriptionutn  latinarutn.  So  far  as 
published 1600 

Cruveilhier,  «/.,  Anatomic  pathologigue  tin 
corps  liuinaiti,  ou  description  avec  fig.  hthogr. 
et  color,  des  diverses  alterations  morbides  riont  le 
corps  hum.  et  susceptible.  2  vols.  in  Folio.  Avec 
230  planches  col.  1829-42.  Relie.  (480.-) 300 

J>iss*rtationen  -  Sammlung,  Philologitehe. 
Circa  15000  Abhandlungen  tiber  Grichische  und 
Romische  Schriftsteller,  Sprache,  Geschichte.  Al- 
tertumswissenschaft,  Kunst,  etc.  Kollektion  von 
nicht.  wieder  zu  erreichender  Vollstandigkeit.  in 
welcher  so  zietnlich  al  e  in  den  leizten  Jahrzehn- 
ten  und  die  meisten  der  seit  Anfang  dieses  Jahr- 
hunderts  an  den  deutschen  UniversitSi'en  und 
hoheren  Lehranstalten  zur  Ausgabe  gelangten 
Dissertationen,  Programmabhandlungen,  Habili- 
tationsschriften,  Gratulations-  und  Gelegenheits- 
schrif ten  enthalten  sind 7000 

OoetJie'/t  Werke.  Hrsg.  im  Auftrage  d.  Gross- 
herzogin  Sophie  v.  Sachsen.  All  out  to  1896. 
Bound 250 

Philologischer  Handapparat  Professor  Hbr- 
schelmann.  Circa  5400  Abhandlungen.  Disserta- 
tionen, etc.,  aus  alien  Teilen  der  klass.  Philologie 
u.  Altertumswissenschaft.  In  161  Sammelkasten 
alphabetisch  beordnet 2000 

Handworterbuch  d.  Chr,mie.  Hrsg.  v.  A.  La- 
denburg.  13  Bde.  1882-95.  (35°-)  Bound 148 

J'ahrbuchd.  praktischen  S£«deein,  BegrUndet 
v.  Dr.  Paul  Borner.  Hrsg.  v.  Dr.  S.  Guttmann. 
Jahrg.  1879-93.  15  Bde.  (233.40.) 45 

ifahrbuoh  u.  JVettea  Jahrbueh  f.  Sfineralo- 
gle,  Geologic,  u,  Paleontologie.  Jahrg. 
1830-94.  Mit  Beilagebanden,  etc 1500 


All  correspondence  to  be  addressed  directly  to  my  Leipzig  house. 


rtooR  PLAM  - 


-  PUBLIC    LIBRARY- 


-RlCHARDOCXn  AA1D 


THE    LIBRARY    JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


MARCH,   1897. 


No.  3 


THE  general  appropriation  bill  approved 
Feb.  19  makes  provision  in  detail  for  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress  and  creates  a  specific  divi- 
sion to  be  known  as  the  Copyright  Department. 
This  subdivision  of  the  work  of  the  Library  of 
Congress  is  in  every  respect  desirable  and 
should  give  opportunity  for  the  effective  reor- 
ganization of  the  copyright  bureau.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  it  will  be  practicable  for  the  library 
authorities  to  consider  plans  by  which  the  copy- 
right office,  without  increase  of  its  expenses, 
and  indeed  with  some  possibility  of  increased 
income,  should  be  of  auxiliary  benefit  to  the 
libraries  of  the  country.  The  copyright  fees 
are  50  cents  for  entry  and  an  additional  50 
cents  for  a  certificate  of  entry,  and  it  is  usual 
to  enclose  the  full  dollar  instead  of  the  half- 
dollar  for  the  sake  of  getting  such  record. 
Why  might  not  this  record  be  printed  in  proper 
bibliographical  shape  on  a  standard  card  and 
be  delivered  in  this  shape  to  the  copyright 
owner,  while  serving  the  additional  purpose  of 
a  card  catalog  for  the  Library  of  Congress  and 
permitting  the  sale  of  duplicates  to  the  libraries 
throughout  the  country  ?  Such  a  plan  would 
not  cover  the  full  field  of  the  printed  catalog 
card  now  managed  by  the  Publishing  Section 
of  the  A.  L.  A.,  because  it  would  not  include 
imported  books,  but  in  other  respects  the  field 
would  be  much  widened  and  there  would  be 
many  advantages  in  the  plan. 


WHILE  librarians  have  been  doing  their 
"  level  best "  to  stem  the  flood  of  the  reading  of 
fiction,  particularly  of  the  yellow-covered  varie- 
ty, and  lead  readers  of  trash  into  really  helpful 
use  of  reading-time,  their  newspaper  reading- 
rooms,  by  grace  of  "the  new  journalism," 
have  been  opposing,  and  more  than  counteract- 
ing, all  their  missionary  efforts.  This  literature 
has  taken  in  New  York  the  curious  local  name 
of  "yellow  kid"  literature,  because  an  extraor- 
dinary caricature  of  a  vulgar  small  boy  dressed 
in  "yaller"  has  been  the  rival  hero  of  the 
two  New  York  dailies  which  indulge  most  in 
"  flash  "  sensationalism.  It  is  gratifying  that 
the  expression  of  the  better  public  opinion  re- 
garding this  class  of  journals  has  been  voiced 
by  the  library  profession.  The  Newark  Free 


Public  Library  took  the  step  of  excluding  the 
two  most  notorious  journals  of  this  class  from 
its  reading-room,  and  suddenly  it  occurred  to 
a  number  of  librarians  and  library  boards  that 
this  was  what  ought  to  have  been  done  long 
ago.  Several  libraries  have  already  fallen  into 
line  in  following  Mr.  Hill's  example,  and  while 
for  the  moment  the  result  may  be  to  advertise 
"the  new  journalism"  —  although  no  adver- 
tising can  be  so  luridly  pervasive  as  its  own  — 
the  rebuke  will  doubtless  have  its  effect.  This 
movement  is  new  evidence  of  the  vital  and 
far-reaching  relations  of  the  modern  library 
spirit  with  modern  life. 


THE  removal  from  the  shelves  of  the  Alle- 
gheny Carnegie  Library  of  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  works  of  second-rate  fiction  has  awak- 
ened the  usual  amount  of  press  comment  and 
criticism.  Mr.  Stevenson,  however,  is  well 
able  to  hold  his  own  against  his  critics,  and  his 
reasons,  which  are  printed  elsewhere,  are  in- 
teresting and  suggestive.  In  the  Allegheny 
"  Index  expurgatorius"  there  are,  nevertheless, 
some  names  to  which  even  librarians  may  be 
tempted  to  offer  an  exception  —  notably  E.  P. 
Roe  and  "Marion  Harland."  It  may  be  ques- 
tioned if  either  of  these  writers  ever  produced 
anything  that  can  be  called  literature,  nor  are 
their  works  of  interest  to  persons  of  intellectual 
perception  ;  but  they  are  not  hurtful  —  indeed 
their  aggressive  morality  is  one  of  their  most 
disagreeable  characteristics.  Both  also  occupy 
a  warm  corner  in  the  hearts  of  a  multitude  of 
readers,  who  have  found  in  them  a  common- 
place and  harmless  contentment,  while  among 
the  writers  whose  works  remain  unbanned  are 
a  number  whose  influence  must  be  conceded 
to  be  more  directly  towards  sensationalism  and 
false  perspective.  Indeed,  in  glancing  over 
the  fiction  supplement  of  the  Allegheny  library, 
the  question  arises  whether  the  old-fashioned 
trashy  novel,  with  its  sentimentality,  didacti- 
cism, and  high-flown  language,  is  a  sharmful  in 
its  influence  as  the  latter-day  school  of  "slum 
stories"  and  "  keynote  "  fiction.  There  is  no 
question  of  the  literary  skill  and  excellence  of 
construction  of  many  of  these  later  books,  and 
they  may  not  be  hurtful  to  the  well-balanced 


128 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


and  mature  mind  ;  but  for  the  average  youth  or 
young  girl  it  seems  fair  to  say  that  the  tritest 
platitudes  of  "poor  old  Roe,"  to  quote  Miss 
Garland's  witty  defence,  or  the  most  tearful 
sentimentalities  of  Mrs.  Holmes,  are  preferable 
to  the  imbruted  vulgarity  of  "  Maggie,  a  girl 
of  the  streets,"  the  perverted  hysteria  of  "A 
superfluous  woman,"  or  the  morbid  unpleasant- 
ness of  "Celibates." 


ALMOST  from  the  beginning  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
in    1876  librarians  have   wished   some  better 
guide  to  the  selection  of  fiction  than  the  aver- 
age book  review.     The  plan  for  the  establish- 
ment of  such  a  guide  devised  by  the  Massa- 
chusetts Library  Club,  under  which  a  committee 
of  the  club  read  the  principal   novels   of  the 
year  and  published  a  monthly  "List  of  select 
fiction,"  has  met  with  general  approval  from 
those  who  have  made  use  of  it.     This  would 
seem  to  show  that  such  a  list  can  be  prepared 
with  reasonable  promptness,  and  that  the  de- 
cision of  the  selecting  committee  will  be  gener- 
ally accepted.     It  is  thought  that  the  list  can 
be   ultimately   made    self-supporting  through 
subscriptions,  but  for  the  present  the  work  is 
beyond   the  unaided  resources  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts  Library   Club.      Various   methods  of 
continuation  have  been  suggested  with  which 
readers  of  the  JOURNAL  are  familiar.    The  club, 
after   a   careful   survey   of   the  situation,  has 
decided  that  the  work  of  preparation  had  best 
be  kept  in  its  own  hands.     A  widely  separated 
corps  of   readers   would   lead  to   unavoidable 
delays  and  would  make  impossible  one  of  the 
most  useful  features  of  the  work,  namely,  the 
monthly  meeting  of  readers  when  the  books 
are  informally  discussed,  thus   maintaining  a 
general  interest  that  is  impossible  in  solitary 
work  and  enabling  the  committee  to  keep  to  a 
more  uniform  standard.    The  club  now  asks  for 
subscriptions  from   other  associations,  and  its 
appeal  is  given  elsewhere.     Doubtless  the  sum 
necessary — $150  to  $200 — could  be  secured 
from  a  few  individuals,  but  it  is  thought  prefer- 
able that  a  work  of  general  usefulness  should 
have  a  more  general  support,  while  the  fact  that 
an  association  contributes  to  the  work  is  an  ad- 
vertisement of  that  work  to  all  its  members. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  who  are  interested  in 
the  work  will  see  that  the  state  or  local  associa- 
tion of  which  they  may  be  members  gives  its 
support  to  the  project. 


CommnnicationD. 


THE  QUESTION  OF  INDEXES. 

THE  Co-operation  Committee  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
has  under  consideration  the  possibility  of  secur-1 
ing  the  preparation  of  indexes  to  books  which 
especially  need  good  indexes,  but  have  been 
published  with  a  poor  index  or  with  none.  I 
shall  be  glad  to  receive  suggestions  based  on 
experience  —  but  not  necessarily  in  the  lan- 
guage immediately  resulting  from  such  ex- 
perience—  as  to  books  which  most  need  this 
attention. 

WM.  H.  TILLINGHAST,  Chairman. 

IN  FOR  MA  TION  AS  TO  MUSIC  LIBRARIES 
If  A  NTED. 

I  AM  anxious  to  make  a  complete  list  of  libra- 
ries containing  music,  either  for  reference  or 
circulation.  Librarians  of  all  such  libraries 
who  have  not  recently  received  a  letter  of  in- 
quiry regarding  their  music  department  from 
the  New  York  State  Library,  would  confer  a 
favor  by  writing  to  me.  MARY  S.  CUTLER. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY,  I 
March  5,  1897.  f 

OPINIONS  WANTED  ON  THE  BROWNE 
CHARGING  SYSTEM. 

WILL  those  libraries  which  have  adopted  the 
charging  system  described  in  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL, May,  1895,  please  send  word  to  that  effect 
and  whether  satisfactory  or  otherwise,  to 

NINA  E.  BROWNE. 
Bos 


ITON  ATHENAEUM,  ) 
Boston,  Mass.        ) 


REINCORPORATION  OF  THE  A.  L.  A. 

FOR  one,  I  am  opposed  to  the  proposition  to 
make  the  A.  L.  A.  over  into  a  government- 
supported  institution,  and  an  attachment  to 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  with  its  Proceed- 
ings issued  from  the  Government  Printing 
Office,  like  those  of  the  American  Historical 
Association.  The  latter  association  considers 
itself  fortunate  when  its  Proceedings  appear 
from  that  cave  of  gloom  two  years  after  the 
annual  meeting  therein  reported.  The  A.  L.  A. 
is  quite  familiar  with  the  experience  of  waiting 
six  and  eight  months  for  its  Conference  num- 
ber of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  —  through  no 
fault,  of  course,  of  your  staff,  and  of  course 
through  no  fault  of  the  unsalaried  and  other- 
wise busy  recorder;  but  I  submit  that  to  treble 
or  quadruple  that  hiatus  would  be  more  than 
the  most  patient  among  us  could  bear.  The 
saving  of  expense,  in  the  publication  of  our 
Confetence  proceedings,  would  be  a  small 
matter;  a  far  more  acceptable  reform  would  be 
the  expenditure  of  enough  additional  money 
to  engage  a  professional  editor  to  rush  the 
Conference  number  to  press,  and  give  the  re- 
sult to  us  not  later  than  three  weeks  after  the 
close  of  the  post-conference  tour.  This  is  an 
entirely  practicable  reform,  which  should  sure- 
ly be  adopted  at  the  Philadelphia  Conference 
this  year.  MACKINAC. 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


129 


THE   TRIALS   OF   THE   LIBRARIAN.* 
BY  CAROLINE  H.  GARLAND,  Dover  (N.  ff.)  Public  Library. 


WELL  brought  up  people  do  not  usually  dis- 
cuss family  trials  and  grievances  outside  the 
immediate  domestic  circle.  This  privilege  is 
generally  reserved  for  the  sanctity  of  the  home 
and  for  the  helplessness  of  the  ear  that  cannot 
get  away.  Barrie  makes  Barbara  say  to  the 
little  minister,  "It  must  be  fine  to  be  able  to 
speak  for  a  whole  hour  to  people  who  can 
neither  answer  back  nor  go  away."  But  while 
sometimes  persons  who  can  neither  answer 
back  nor  go  away  are  chosen  as  an  audience 
when  one  elects  to  pour  out  the  woes  that 
afflict  him  to-day,  the  worries  that  annoyed  him 
yesterday,  and  the  troubles  he  expects  to  have 
to-morrow,  more  often  it  is,  as  to-day,  persons 
in  whom  one  counts  on  a  sympathetic  ear  — 
who  are  rasped  by  the  same  causes,  who  are 
balked  in  the  same  aims,  who  ache  in  the 
same  place.  . 

That  there  must  be  great  good  experienced 
in  the  consideration  of  afflictions  is  proba- 
ble, since  so  many  excellent  people  do  it. 
Surely  a  practice  so  widely  supported  should 
not  be  neglected  by  persons  desiring  to  experi- 
ence all  the  good  things  of  life.  Yet  for  us 
the  opportunity  does  not  often  present  itself. 
In  the  sacred  and  dignified  counsels  of  the  A. 
L.  A.,  where  not  only  brethren  but  strangers 
meet,  it  would  be  rank  heresy  to  introduce  so 
strictly  a  personal  subject.  But  here,  among 
this  gathering  of  more  nearly  related  people, 
just  as  New  Englanders,  the  family,  so  to 
speak,  one  may  be  allowed  to  admit,  indeed 
even  to  assert,  with  boldness  and  hardihood, 
that  the  path  of  the  librarian  is  not  at  all  times 
bestrewn  with  roses,  but  that  there  are  in  it 
very  distinct  and  tangible  trials. 

There  will  be  at  the  outset  a  difference  of 
opinion  as  to  the  nature  of  trials.  No  two  per- 
sons, however  experienced  in  the  detection  of 
uncomfortable  things,  will  exactly  agree  as  to 
the  reason  of  their  discomfort.  There  is  noth- 
ing else  which  demands  nicer  judgment  and 


*  Paper  read  at  joint  meeting  of  Connecticut  Library 
Association  with  New  England  Library  Associations, 
Hartford,  Ct.,  Feb.  3, 1897. 


keener  fairness  of  intention  than  a  correct  per- 
ception of  what  actually  constitutes  a  trial. 
There  are  some  excellent  persons  who,  by 
very  reason  of  their  excellence  and  because 
of  the  intensity  of  their  goodness  and  ardent 
aspirations,  sigh  because  they  have  not  more 
hands  and  feet  to  work  with  and  that  there 
are  not  more  hours  in  a  day;  while  others  re- 
gret that  they  are  not  in  positions  of  wider 
range,  forgetting  that  the  extension  of  one's 
horizon  usually  means  simply  the  seeing  of 
more,  not  different  things,  and  that  the  country 
beyond  is  often  very  like  the  country  near.  So 
it  is  not  limitations  of  that  kind  that  have  a 
place  in  any  recital  of  woes,  but  rather  those 
things  which  present  themselves,  often  need- 
lessly, to  the  experience  of  the  well-meaning 
librarian,  giving  him  annoyance,  and  demand- 
ing a  consideration  which  seems  out  of  propor- 
tion to  their  magnitude. 

One  affliction  of  this  kind  —  and  one  which 
we  have  probably  all  met  with  and  suffered 
from  —  is  that  whenever  well-meaning  friends 
wish  to  do  the  nice  thing  by  their  librarian 
they  call  him  a  walking  encyclopaedia.  It  is 
fortunate  for  whoever  invented  this  phrase 
that  his  name  is  lost  in  obscurity.  But  ob- 
livion is  really  much  too  kind  a  fate  for  him. 
Something  in  boiling  oil  would  be  more  to  his 
deserts.  The  phrase  itself  is  an  abomination  to 
the  ear  and  a  terror  to  the  imagination,  but 
once  applied,  possesses  a  frightful  tenacity  of 
adhesiveness,  which  protests  only  serve  to  in- 
crease. The  librarian  may  be  by  nature  of 
light-hearted  disposition,  possibly  with  a  ten- 
dency to  joke.  He  loves  his  neighbor,  and 
probably  does  the  very  things  which  draw  this 
stigma  upon  him  out  of  an  abounding  desire  to 
do  his  whole  duty  by  his  fellow-man.  But 
after  the  evil  hour  when  some  one  in  mistaken 
gratitude  applies  to  him  this  monstrous  appel- 
lation, life  is  changed.  Thereafter  his  neigh- 
bors set  him  on  a  different  level  from  them- 
selves. They  regard  any  small  error  on  his 
part  with  pained  astonishment.  They  bring 
their  visitors  from  out  of  town  to  see  him,  and 
they  brag  a  little  on  him  right  before  him. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


They  look  askance  at  his  light-heartedness  and 
regard  his  jokes  with  suspicion;  when  they 
meet  him  on  the  street  they  hesitate  to  make 
nice  every-day  remarks  about  the  weather,  but 
cast  about  in  their  minds  to  recall  the  latest 
scientific  work  of  which  they  have  read  the 
title,  to  ask  him  if  it  is  in  the  library  yet.  And 
they  simply  will  not  let  him  go  right  along, 
doing  his  duty  simply  and  straightforwardly  to 
the  best  of  his  ability,  asking  only  a  fair  field 
and  no  favors.  This,  I  think,  is  a  genuine 
trial. 

Another  difficulty  is  that  you  may  lead  a 
horse  to  water  but  you  cannot  make  him 
drink.  This  truth  has  been  long  established. 
Yet  many  a  sanguine  reformer,  on  large  or 
small  scale,  regulates  his  conduct  of  life  on  the 
basis  that  all  one  has  to  do  to  insure  the 
desired  result  is  to  show  the  duty  that  needs 
to  be  done  to  the  person  that  should  do  it.  A 
perennial  surprise  awaits  this  sanguine  person, 
be  he  librarian,  teacher,  minister,  or  whatever. 
He  sees  again  and  again,  in  the  language  of 
the  day,  a  failure  to  connect.  This  shock  is 
not  easy  to  rally  from.  He  feels  so  sure  of  his 
own  good  intentions,  so  certain  of  the  excel- 
lence of  the  end  toward  which  he  has  worked, 
so  positive  that  if  the  other  man  would  but  do 
what  was  expected  of  him,  all  would  be  well; 
and  yet  —  the  horse  will  not  drink.  If  his  hope- 
fulness be  only  a  surface  thing,  well  enough 
as  far  as  it  goes,  but  not  going  very  far  or  deep, 
the  person  who  deliberately  adopts  as  his  call- 
ing leading  horses  to  drink,  or  something  so 
like  it  that  it  is  not  necessary  to  specify  the 
difference,  will  recognize  his  limitation  of 
capacity  and  consider  that  his  responsibility 
ends  there  and  then.  But  it  is  not  the  person 
who  only  recognizes  things  as  they  are,  or 
the  person  who  only  looks  forward  to  things 
as  they  should  be,  who  has  the  true  range  of 
vision.  It  is  the  one  who  does  both;  and  it  is 
the  person  who,  recognizing  the  fact  that  one 
cannot  be  made  to  do  yet  may  be  induced  to 
want  to  do,  that  is  best  fitted  to  deal  with  his 
fellow-creatures. 

This  recognition  of  inability  to  compel  leads 
the  librarian  then  to  a  study  of  attraction,  or 
perhaps  more  correctly,  attractiveness.  There 
is  a  mistaken  notion  that  this  quality  is  a  gift  of 
nature.  This  is  no  more  true  than  that  truth- 
fulness or  any  other  virtue  is  a  gift  of  nature. 
It  is  true  that  nature  may  help  or  hinder.  Un- 


doubtedly some  children,  being  courageous 
and  straightforward  by  nature,  find  it  more 
easy  to  tell  the  truth  than  others  more  timid. 
In  like  manner  nature  grants  certain  surface 
gifts  to  some  people  which  make  attractiveness 
more  easy  than  to  others,  but  the  underlying 
principles  of  both  virtues  are  acquired,  are 
grown,  are  developed  from  a  force  within,  and 
are  equally  a  duty. 

The  wisdom  of  stimulating  desire  rather  than 
relying  on  capacity  becomes  evident  when  one 
considers  the  deadly  inertness  of  the  mass 
which  a  librarian  tries  to  reach.  The  tragic 
end  resulting  from  a  conflict  of  enthusiasm 
with  this  inertness  is  thus  described  by  Kip- 
ling, and  though  he  is  speaking  of  the  mis- 
sionary in  India  it  may  not  be  amiss  for  the 
missionary  in  New  England  to  hearken: 

"  It  is  not  good  for  the  Christian's  health  to  hustle  the 

Aryan  brown, 
For  the  Christian  riles,  and  the  Aryan  smiles,  and  it 

weareth  the  Christian  down; 
And  the  end  of  the  fight  is  a  tombstone  white,  with  the 

name  of  the  late  deceased, 
And  the  epitaph  drear,  A  fool  lies  here,  who  tries  to 

hustle  the  East." 

Another  thing  that  often  seems  a  trial  is  the 
impossibility  of  considering  the  public  as  a 
psychological  whole.  Humanity  may  not  by 
us  be  regarded  as  an  ocean,  but  rather  as  a 
pebbly  shore,  the  coast-line  of  which  may  be 
studied  in  trend,  but  every  atom  of  which  has 
an  invincible  individuality.  The  standpoint  of 
the  public  school  is  different.  They  are  doing 
much  there  in  the  way  of  studying  child  as  a 
whole.  It  is  somewhat  the  fashion  among 
smart  writers  to  hold  these  efforts  up  to  deri- 
sion, and  it  must  be  confessed  that  many  of  the 
psychological  terms  lend  themselves  easily  to 
purposes  of  ridicule  on  the  part  of  flippant 
newspaper  writers.  But  whether  these  jibes 
have  or  have  not  a  basis  of  truth,  it  is  a  fact 
that  teachers  deal  with  youthful  humanity  in 
the  bulk  as  librarians  never  can  do.  The 
teacher  takes  his  apportionment  of  young  life, 
already  fitted  up  to  a  certain  point,  adds  to  it 
his  own  stint,  and  passes  the  group  on  to  the 
next  higher  grade.  The  librarian  is  the  teacher 
of  an  ungraded  school  —  every  person  is  indi- 
vidual, differentiated  from  any  other  person 
not  only  by  acquirement,  but  by  temperament 
and  desire. 

This  would  be  an  almost  intolerable  trial 
were  it  not  that  along  this  line  lie  also  some  of 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


the  most-to-be  desired  opportunities.  When 
Clark  University  was  opened,  a  few  years  ago, 
there  were  900  applicants  for  membership. 
Only  60  were  received.  This  was  partly  be- 
cause the  requirements  were  high,  but  princi- 
pally because  it  was  not  thought  that  more 
than  this  number  could  come  into  that  personal 
contact  with  the  instructors  that  was  deemed 
the  most  to  be  desired  in  this  work.  A  short 
time  ago  Princeton  University  called  within  its 
borders  delegates  from  all  the  great  institutions 
of  learning  in  this  and  other  countries  and  for 
a  week  devoted  itself  to  masterly  intellectual 
work.  The  interest  of  the  week  culminated  in 
the  sermon  preached  by  the  president  of  the 
university.  He  chose  for  his  subject  "  Char- 
acter-building." 

Now  nowhere  in  the  world  is  the  opportunity 
more  open  for  the  two  things  emphasized  by 
these  great  institutions,  character-building  and 
personal  contact,  than  in  the  daily  life  of  the 
librarian  in  the  moderate-sized  New  England 
town.  This  is  not  a  new  or  original  idea,  but 
it  will  bear  emphasizing,  and  will  prove  useful 
in  the  hours  not  unknown  to  many  of  us  when 
we  long  for  the  supporting  sense  of  a  great 
thought. 

Beside  the  difficulties  that  arise  from  one's 
dealings  with  the  public  there  are  others  that 
come  from  the  relations  he  sustains  to  those 
over  him  and  to  those  under  him  in  authority. 
But  of  the  relations  of  the  librarian  and  trus- 
tees enough  has  been  already  said  in  the  meet- 
ings of  the  A.  L.  A.  The  trials  that  one  may 
have  with  his  assistants,  however,  opens  a 
wide  and  fruitful  field.  When  I  undertook  this 
paper,  this  was  the  side  of  the  subject  that  ap- 
pealed to  me  ;  but  a  little  honest  reflection  con- 
vinced me  that  in  all  probability  the  trials  a 
librarian  may  have  with  his  assistants  were  as 
moonlight  unto  sunlight  and  as  water  unto 
wine  compared  with  the  trials  an  assistant  may 
have  with  her  librarian.  So  until  an  assistant 
shall  have  a  chance  to  speak  for  her  side  I 
have  decided  not  to  speak  for  mine,  but  to  omit 
that  branch  of  the  subject  altogether. 

All  the  tribulations  thus  far  enumerated  have 
their  origin  in  things  outside  and  cannot  them- 
selves be  set  aside  or  entirely  removed,  though 
they  may  sometimes  be  altered  or  even  made 
use  of  by  that  person  who  has  learned  to 

"  Grasp  the  skirts  of  happy  chance, 
And  breast  the  blows  of  circumstance." 


But  there  is  another  set  of  afflictions  which 
we  have  always  with  us.  They  lie  down  with 
us  at  night  and  alas  !  rise  up  with  us  in  the 
morning.  They  lodge  and  abide  with  us. 
They  come  not  from  without,  but  are  born 
within.  When  I  was  a  little  girl  and  was  taken 
regularly  to  the  Friday  evening  prayer-meeting, 
I  remember  often  joining  in  one  sing-song-ey 
verse,  the  truth  of  which  has  in  later  years 
been  made  clear  by  sorrowful  experience.  It 
runs  thus : 

"  But  of  all  the  foes  we  meet 
None  so  oft  mislead  our  feet 
None  betray  us  into  sin 
Like  the  foes  we  have  within." 

Eugene  Field  makes  known  his  conscious- 
ness of  the  same  idea  and  remotely  suggests  its 
remedy  in  his  small  boy  who  has  been  "  seeing 
fings  at  night," 

"  But  when  I  hear  the  naughty  boys  that  tempt  me  into 

sin, 
I  try  to  sqush  the  tempter's  voice  that  urges  me  within." 

The  troubles  that  come  to  a  librarian  for 
which  he  himself  is  responsible,  though  often 
unconsciously,  usually  arise  from  inadequate 
physical  health,  insufficient  mental  equipment, 
or  temper.  Health  comes  first,  because  with- 
out doubt  the  fault  oftenest  lies  there.  The 
head  of  a  library,  whether  of  a  large  library, 
where  many  different  departments  must  be 
made  to  fit  into  one  another  and  make  one 
smoothly  running  whole,  or  of  a  small  library, 
where  the  work  becomes  not  only  overseeing 
but  actually  doing,  should  keep  himself  in  ex- 
cellent physical  condition. 

The  mental  scientists  have  one  good  phrase. 
They  say  one  should  be  not  merely  negatively 
but  positively  well.  Perhaps  some  persons  will 
think  that  the  impersonal  pronoun  should  here 
be  changed,  and  one  should  say  instead  of  the 
librarian  he,  the  librarian  she  should  look  out 
for  her  health.  There  has  long  been  conceded 
to  women  the  weaker  place  in  health.  Howells 
in  one  of  his  books  —  I  quote  from  memory  — 
makes  two  of  his  characters  discuss  the  chang- 
ing relations  of  men  and  women  in  the  business 
world  ;  one  speaks  of  the  advance  of  woman  in 
all  lines  of  professional  life,  and  of  her  positive 
superiority  to  men  in  certain  lines  of  work. 

"  Yes,"  asserts  the  other,  thoughtfully.  "  I 
don't  know  what  would  become  of  us  men  if 
women  just  didn't  have  nervous  headaches." 

Now  there  is  just  enough  truth  in  this  to 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{March,  '97 


make  it  sting  a  little,  but  I  have  of  ten  wondered 
whether  in  the  line  of  library  work  the  matter 
were  not  more  nearly  even  than  we  generally 
think.  In  looking  over  a  group  of  library  peo- 
ple I  think  an  unbiassed  person  will  find  as 
many  clear  eyes,  erect  shoulders,  and  elastic 
footsteps  among  the  women  as  among  the  men, 
and  in  my  own  experience  the  amount  of  time 
lost  from  not  feeling  well  is  as  large  among  my 
masculine  as  among  the  feminine  helpers,  with- 
out counting  in  football.  But  disregarding  the 
man  or  woman  side,  the  subject  of  health  is  a 
most  practical  one  to  consider,  for  fully  two- 
thirds  of  the  things  which  are  almost  intolera- 
ble trials  if  .one  is  partly  ill  do  not  ruffle  one  in 
the  least  if  he  is  well.  The  first  thing  then  to 
do  to  avoid  needless  trials  is  to  achieve  person- 
al health,  and  this  is  possible  if  one  remembers 
that  the  laws  of  health  are  like  the  laws  of  the 
jungle,— 

"  many  and  mighty  are  they, 

But  the  head  and  the  hoof  of  the  law  and  the  haunch  and 
the  hump  is,  —  obey  ! " 

From  the  physical  to  the  mental  is  but  a 
step,  and  allied  to  the  evils  that  arise  from  an 
insufficiently  nourished  physical  system  are  the 
difficulties  based  on  inadequate  mental  action. 
In  youth,  when  new  sensations  and  emotions 
are  chasing  one  another  into  his  experience, 
one  supposes  that  he  is  a  mysterious  and 
unique  creation,  probably  unlike  any  other  on 
the  face  of  the  earth;  but  that  larger  observa- 
tion which  may  or  may  not  come  with  a  few 
years  more  of  life  will  convince  him  that  his 
mental  nature  is  not  more  different  from  that  of 
his  neighbor  than  is  his  physical.  He  even 
learns  to  see  that  there  are  many  ways  in  which 
the  mental  nature  resembles  the  physical.  It 
must  be  fed  with  the  things  which  are  at  once 
nutritious  and  congenial.  It  must  be  trained  to 
habitual  correctness  of  attitude  and  carriage, 
and,  especially,  it  must  be  used.  Now  few 
people  will  accuse  librarians  of  having  inactive 
minds;  the  very  nature  of  their  calling  insures 
the  reverse.  But  activity  within  the  range  of 
work  is  the  outgrowth  of  necessity.  That  only 
is  of  value  personally  which  is  acquired  in  and 
of  itself  for  the  pleasure  of  the  exerc:se.  These 
two  conditions  are  as  dissimilar  as  the  sluggish 
current  of  a  canal,  which  makes  useful  all  its 
force,  and  the  singing  fall  of  the  full  stream, 
which  gives  and  to  spare. 

With  the  physical  and  the  mental  in  good 


order,  there  is  yet  another  thing  to  be  looked 
out  for.  Drummond  says  that  the  peculiarity 
of  ill-temper  is  that  it  is  the  vice  of  the  virtu- 
ous. Years  ago,  when  I  received  my  appoint- 
ment as  librarian,  one  of  my  friends  said: 
"  Now  that's  all  very  well,  but  don't  get  cross." 
"  Why  should  I  get  cross  ?  "  I  asked.  "  Oh,  I 
don't  know,"  she  said;  "  but  they  always  do  — 
librarians  and  cooks.  I  suppose  it's  because 
they  have  to  get  things  just  so." 

Undoubtedly  the  habit  of  accuracy  makes 
larger  demands  upon  the  temper  than  a  form 
of  life  in  which  small  errors  may  be  tolerated, 
but  on  the  other  hand  there  are  attending  it 
larger  compensations.  It  remains  for  the  in- 
dividual to  learn  to  apply  the  balm  of  the  com- 
pensation to  the  irritation  rubbed  up  by  con- 
stant effort.  It  is  not  probable  that  at  the 
present  time  the  public  so  often  suffer  from  the 
effects  of  this  irritation  as  does  the  person  him- 
self. It  is  part  of  library  ethics  now  that  un- 
varying courtesy  shall  prevail  during  business 
hours.  Librarians  themselves  recognize  that 
anything  else  is  distinctly  bad  form.  This 
restraint  sometimes  makes  a  person  take  out 
on  himself  what  perhaps  might  be  a  relief  to 
take  out  on  other  people,  because  he  makes  the 
mistake  of  curbing  his  ill-temper  instead  of 
eliminating  it.  Self-repression  is  better  than 
nothing,  but  it  is  a  far  cry  from  that  to  self- 
control.  It  has  never  seemed  to  me  that  our 
thought  was  shielded  from  the  knowledge  of 
our  fellow-men  in  order  that  safely  and  secretly 
one  might  indulge  in  reflections  of  impurity, 
or  harshness,  or  severity,  but  rather  that  the 
processes  of  growth  might  be  carried  on  in 
that  stillness  and  quiet  and  freedom  from  in- 
terruption which  Nature  demands  for  her  work. 
The  development  of  sweetening  qualities  within 
one  in  no  way  interferes  with  that  sturdy  con- 
demnation of  wrong  which  is  naturally  associ- 
ated with  strength  of  moral  character,  nor  does 
it  militate  against  a  healthy  intolerance  of  poor- 
ly-done work  ;  but  their  growth  crowds  away 
the  elements  that  make  up  ill-temper  just  as  the 
swelling  bulb  parts  the  earth  from  over  itself. 

For  the  cure,  then,  or  at  least  the  alleviation 
of  trials,  one  will  not  try  so  much  to  control  his 
circumstances  as  to  control  himself  under  cir- 
cumstances. As  a  help  toward  this  he  will 
demand  of  himself  health  of  body,  activity  of 
mind,  sweetness  of  spirit.  Is  this  much  ?  Who 
wants  less  ? 


March,    97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'33 


WEEDING   OUT   FICTION  IN   THE  CARNEGIE   FREE  LIBRARY   OF   ALLE- 
GHENY,  PA. 

BY  W:  M.  STEVENSON,  Librarian. 


THE  exclusion  of  certain  authors  from  the 
shelves  of  the  Carnegie  Free  Library,  Alle- 
gheny, Pa.,  has  started  the  old  fiction  contro- 
versy afresh.  For  over  a  year  the  books  of 
certain  popular  authors  had  been  worn  out  but 
the  people  kept  asking  for  them  constantly. 

When  the  supplement  to  the  fiction  list  was 
issued  last  January  it  was  thought  advisable  to 
print  a  list  of  authors  whose  works  were  worn 
out  and  which  would  not  be  replaced  and  to 
add  some  annotations  by  a  reviewer  for  the 
New  York  Nation  (taken  from  the  "List  of  books 
for  girls  and  women,"  by  Augusta  H.  Leypoldt 
and  George  lies),  in  order  that  the  public  might 
see  how  these  authors  are  estimated  by  a  com- 
petent critic  and  not  think  that  the  librarian 
was  acting  arbitrarily  in  the  matter. 

The  local  press  pretty  generally  condemned 
the  action  and  took  particular  offence  at  the 
shattering  of  that  popular  idol,  Rev.  E.  P.  Roe. 
But  teachers  and  others  concerned  in  the  right 
training  of  the  young  commended  the  librari- 
an's action,  as  was  to  be  expected.  . 

The  list  includes  the  novels  of  Horatio  Alger, 
Jr.,  Mrs.  C.  M.  Braeme  ("  Bertha  M.  Clay"), 
Martha  Finley  (Elsie  books),  May  Agnes  Flem- 
ing, C.  A.  Fosdick  ("  Harry  Castlemon  "),  A.  C. 
Gunter,  Mary  Jane  Holmes,  E:  P.  Roe,  Mrs.  E. 
D.  E.  (N.)  South  worth,  Mrs.  M.  V,  (H.)  Ter- 
hune  ("  Marion  Harland")  (in  part),  and  Mrs. 
Augusta  J.  Evans  Wilson.  The  reasons  as- 
signed for  withdrawing  these  books  are:  First, 
their  low  rank  in  the  literary  scale  ;  they  are  not 
immoral,  but  they  are  not  literature.  Sec- 
ondly, the  books  are  made  of  such  poor  pa- 
per, so  badly  bound,  and  so  high  in  price  in 
proportion  to  their  value  as  reading,  that  the 
library's  funds  are  utterly  inadequate  to  supply 
the  demand  for  them.  Thirdly,  the  theory  ad- 
vanced by  librarians  of  standing,  that  readers 
to  whom  books  of  this  grade  are  supplied  will 
gradually  rise  to  something  better,  has  proved 
in  the  six  years'  experience  of  this  library  abso- 
lutely false.  To  the  young,  who  have  no  per- 
sonal literary  guides,  it  is  particularly  an  in- 
justice for  the  public  library  to  put  it  in  their 
power  to  acquire  thus  early  in  life  a  vitiated 
taste  in  their  reading,  a  fault  which  long  years 
of  study  may  not  suffice  to  correct.  Fourthly, 


school  principals  have  complained  that  many 
of  their  pupils  were  reading  books  of  this  grade 
to  the  gross  neglect  of  their  school  studies. 

The  question  may  be  properly  asked,  why 
some  authors  have  been  excluded  and  others 
of  no  greater  merit  retained?  Why  retain  "Op- 
tic "  and  exclude  AL^er?  Why  retain  the 
"Duchess"  and  exclude  Mary  Jane  Holmes? 
The  answer  is  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  draw 
the  line  between  the  fiction  writers  of  the  lower 
grade  and  that  a  number  of  authors  who  ought 
to  be  excluded  have  been  retained  simply  be- 
cause their  books  are  made  of  a  little  better 
paper  than  that  of  the  excluded  books.  As 
soon  as  these  are  worn  out  they  will  also  be 
added  to  the  "  black  list." 

Readers  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  mav  ask 
further  the  pertinent  question,  why  the  libra- 
rian of  this  library  placed  these  books  on  the 
shelves  in  the  first  place?  The  answer  is  that 
after  an  experience  of  ten  years  as  teacher  he 
was  satisfied  that  the  only  way  to  inculcate  a 
fondness  for  good  literature  in  the  young  is  to 
give  them  nothing  but  good  literature  to  read. 
But  having  had  no  library  experience  prior  to 
his  present  appointment  seven  years  ago,  he 
was  willing  to  defer  to  the  opinion  of  such 
eminent  librarians  as  the  late  Dr.  Poole  and  F. 
B.  Perkins.  Dr.  Poole  says  in  his  article  on 
the  "  Organization  and  management  of  public 
libraries"  ("Public  libraries  of  the  United 
States,"  page  476):  "  One  of  the  primary  objects 
of  a  public  library  is  to  furnish  reading  for  all 
classes  in  the  community,  and  reading  which 
shall  be  adapted  to  their  various  capacities. 
The  masses  of  the  public  have  very  little  of 
literary  culture,  and  it  is  the  purpose  of  a 
public  library  to  develop  it  by  creating  In  them 
a  habit  of  reading.  As  a  rule  people  read 
books  of  a  higher  intellectual  and  moral  stand- 
ard than  their  own,  and  hence  are  benefited  by 
reading.  As  their  tastes  improve  they  read 
better  books.  Books  which  are  not  adapted  to 
their  intellectual  capacity  they  will  not  read. 
To  meet,  therefore,  the  varied  wants  of  read- 
ers there  must  be  on  the  shelves  of  the  library 
books  which  persons  of  culture  never  read, 
although  it  is  quite  probable  they  did  read 
such  books  in  some  stage  of  their  mental 


134 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\March%  '97 


development.  Judged  from  a  critical  stand- 
point, such  books  are  feeble,  rudimentary,  and 
perhaps  sensational;  but  they  are  higher  in 
the  scale  of  literary  merit  than  the  tastes  of 
the  people  who  seek  them,  and,  like  primers 
and  first  readers  in  the  public  schools,  they 
fortunately  lead  to  something  better."  Mr.  F. 
B.  Perkins,  in  the  same  volume,  in  his  article 
on  "  How  to  make  town  libraries  successful 
(p.  420),  says:  "The  first  mistake  likely  to  be 
made  in  establishing  a  public  library  is  choos- 
ing books  of  too  thoughtful  or  solid  a  char- 
acter. It  is  Tain  to  go  on  the  principle  of  col- 
lecting books  that  people  ought  to  read,  and 
afterwards  trying  to  coax  them  to  read  them. 
The  only  practical  method  is  to  begin  by  sup- 
plying books  that  people  want  to  read,  and 
afterwards  to  do  whatever  shall  be  found  possi- 
ble to  elevate  their  reading  tastes  and  habits." 

As  Dr.  Poole  was  librarian  of  the  Chicago 
Public  Library  when  he  wrote  the  article,  and 
as  that  institution  contained  nearly  all  the 
books  recently  withdrawn  from  this  library,  it 
is  reasonable  to  infer  that  they  came  under  the 
class  described  above  as  "  feeble,  rudimentary, 
and  perhaps  sentimental,  which  fortunately 
lead  to  something  belter."  And  as  the  Boston 
Public  Library  contains  the  works  of  Holmes, 
Roe,  Southworth,  etc.  (see  "  Catalogue  of  Eng- 
lish prose  fiction,"  1885),  it  is  also  fair  to  assume 
that  books  of  this  kind  had  Mr.  Perkins's  ap- 
proval as  the  "books  that  people  want  to 
read."  Members  of  the  A.  L.  A.  will  remember 
Dr.  Poole's  witty  remarks  at  the  Chicago  con- 
ference in  1893  when  the  subject  of  "Weeding 
out  public  libraries"  was  discussed,  and  how 
vigorously  he  opposed  any  such  policy,  He 
was  evidently  very  democratic  in  his  ideas  of 
library  management,  and  believed  in  the  pub- 
lic taking  care  of  itself  in  the  matter  of  choos- 
ing its  reading. 

It  may  be  added  that  at  the  opening  of  this 
library  the  books  recently  withdrawn  were  not 
on  the  original  list  of  fiction  selected  by  the 
librarian.  He  had  followed  closely  the  excel- 
lent list  of  Miss  H.  P.  James,  of  the  Osterhout 
Free  Library,  but  the  popular  clamor  for  the 
old-time  favorites  was  too  strong  to  be  with- 
stood. A  school  library  in  this  city  and  a 
proprietary  library  in  Pittsburg  had  been  sup- 
plying such  books  for  many  years  and  the  pub- 
lic taste  could  not  be  easily  changed.  More- 
over, members  of  the  board  of  trustees  said, 
"Above  all  things  make  the  library  popular." 

Now,  what  has  been  the  result?    The  theory 


of  improved  taste  in  reading  has  proved  utter- 
ly false.  The  percentage  of  adult  fiction  has 
been  rising  steadily  since  the  library  opened, 
and  that,  too,  in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  the 
fiction  supply  has  been  greatly  curtailed.  Here 
are  the  figures  for  the  six  years:  in  1891-1892 
adult  fiction,  56$;  in  1892-1893,60^;  in  1893- 
1894,  63  #;  in  1894-1895,  67^;  in  1895-1896, 
67  #  plus;  in  1896-1897(11  months)  68  #. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  juvenile  fiction 'has 
steadily  declined,  as  follows:  33 #,  30%,  26$, 
21%,  19$,  and  17$  for  the  eleven  months  of 
1896-1897  just  passed.  This  may  be  a  hopeful 
sign  if  it  means  that  the  young  are  reading  less 
fiction  and  more  of  other  classes.  Unfortunate- 
ly no  statistics  have  been  kept  of  ihe  percent- 
age of  juvenile  reading  in  the  non-fiction 
classes,  but  the  well-worn  appearance  of  the 
books  indicates  a  decided  increase  in  use.  Com- 
bining the  adult  and  juvenile  fiction  the  per- 
centages for  the  six  years  are  as  follows:  89,  90, 
89,  88,  86,  84.  These  figures  seem  to  indicate  a 
slight  improvement,  but  it  is  to  be  strongly 
suspected  that  the  decline  in  the  juvenile  per- 
centage means  simply  that  as  the  juvenile 
supply  of  fiction  was  reduced  the  young  have 
taken  to  the  so-called  adult  fiction.  The 
desk  attendants  have  frequently  reported  that 
very  young  girls  were  reading  nothing  but 
Clay,  Fleming,  and  Southworth.  A  prominent 
educator  asked  me  recently  if  I  knew  of  any 
way  by  which  his  daughter  could  be  induced  to 
read  something  else  than  story-books.  I  re- 
plied that  that  was  the  question  that  baffled 
librarians  as  well  as  parents.  It  was  discovered 
here  that  boys  in  the  public  schools  were  run- 
ning races  in  the  reading  of  Alger  and  "Optic," 
one  boy  averaging  a  volume  a  day  for  several 
weeks. 

Now  that  the  supply  of  boys'  books  is  made 
up  chiefly  of  the  writings  of  Henty,  Fenn,  Mun- 
roe,  and  the  like,  these  books  are  almost  as  pop- 
ular with  the  boys  as  ever  the  Alger  or  "  Optic  " 
books  were.  It  is  evident  that  as  long  as  the 
vulgarizing  books  for  the  young  are  within  their 
reach,  they  will  prefer  them  to  those  which  en- 
noble. There  is  still  a  good  deal  of  the  bar- 
barian in  the  average  boy,  and  the  novel  of 
blood  and  destruction  is  just  what  he  takes  to 
naturally.  It  is  this- barbarian  element  in  the 
young  which  is  the  basis  of  strength  of  char- 
acter, and  which  when  properly  trained  devel- 
ops some  of  the  most  admirable  traits.  Is 
it  not  the  duty  of  the  public  library  to  supply 
boys  with  books  which  will  make  them  wish  to 


March)  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'35 


be  honorable  citizens  rather  than  cowboys  or 
Indian  killers  ? 

The  two-book  rule  has  been  in  force  in  this 
library  for  almost  a  year,  and  school-cards  al- 
lowing 10  volumes  of  non-fiction  books  at  a 
time  have  also  been  in  force  for  over  six  months, 
but  the  decline  in  the  fiction  percentage  as  a 
result  of  that  is  almost  inappreciable. 

In  addition  to  the  evidence  of  statistics  I  may 
say  that  I  have  taken  pains  to  follow  the  read- 
ing of  certain  devotees  of  this  kind  of  literature, 
fiction-fiends,  as  they  might  be  called,  and  I 
have  never  yet  discovered  a  case  of  improve- 
ment among  adult  readers.  Once  the  habit  is 
formed  it  seems  as  difficult  to  throw  off  as  the 
opium  habit.  Of  course,  there  are  many  culti- 
vated people  who  have  read  in  their  youth 
trashy  novels,  but  have  they  not  attained  to 
culture,  not  by  virtue  of  such  reading,  but  in 
spite  of  it  ?  We  hear  a  good  deal  about  the 
overworked  in  large  cities  who  need  light  fic- 
tion. But  the  most  inveterate  fiction-readers 
are  among  the  idlest  class  in  the  community. 
Again  the  argument  is  used  that  as  all  classes 
are  taxed  for  library  purposes  all  classes  of 
reading  ought  to  be  represented.  But  the  fic- 
tion-readers for  the  most  part  are  not  heavy 
taxpayers,  and  even  if  they  were  the  propor- 
tion of  fiction  in  most  public  libraries  is  much 
larger  than  that  of  any  other  class  of  books. 

In  an  article  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  (v.  20, 
p.  342)  on  "Fiction  in  public  libraries,"  by  Mr. 
E.  H.  Woodruff,  this  library  is  represented  as 
having  (in  1891-92)  the  highest  percentage  (90) 
of  fiction  in  theUnited  States, and  this  wasproba- 
bly  not  far  from  the  truth.  It  ought  to  be  said, 
however,  in  justice  to  this  library,  that  a  good 
many  books  are  classified  as  fiction  that  in  other 
libraries  are  not  so  classified.  Some  libraries, 
like  the  Chicago  and  Los  Angeles  public  libra" 
ries,  do  not  count  foreign  and  magazine  fiction 
in  the  general  fiction  percentage,  and  thus 
their  figures  are  really  an  underestimate.  But 
even  after  making  allowance  of  this  kind  the 
fiction  percentage  of  this  library,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted, has  been  too  high.  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind,  however,  that  the  reference  use  has 
been  uncommonly  large,  some  years  more  than 
one-half  as  much  as  the  home  use. 

The  theory  that  the  character  of  a  community 
is  indicated  by  the  percentage  of  fiction  circu- 
lated from  the  public  library  does  not  seem  to  be 
well  founded.  If  the  character  of  the  communi- 
ty counts  for  anything  the  city  of  Allegheny 


ought  to  have  a  low  percentage  of  fiction  cir- 
culated. It  is  the  very  heart  of  Presbyterian- 
ism  in  the  United  States.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
time-honored  and  prosperous  university,  of 
three  theological  seminaries,  much  renowned 
in  their  respective  denominations.  It  has  ex- 
cellent public  and  private  schools.  It  has  had 
a  public  school  library  for  over  20  years.  It  is 
largely  a  residence  city,  with  a  large  class  of 
leisure  and  wealth.  What  better  conditions 
for  cultivating  a  high  standard  of  reading  ! 
Salem  is  the  oldest  settlement  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  despite  its  witchcraft  stain,  is  a  town 
of  noble  traditions  in  literature  and  science, 
and  yet  the  percentage  of  fiction  circulated 
from  the  public  library  last  year  was  84.62  per 
cent,  and  the  Boston  Public  Library  prints  no 
fiction  percentage  in  its  last  report,  leaving 
one  to  infer  that  it  is  too  high  to  be  a  credit  to 
that  institution.  Strange  to  say,  some  Western 
libraries  make  a  much  better  showing  in  this 
regard  than  the  older  Eastern  libraries.  Is  it 
not  fair  to  conclude,  then,  that  the  percentage  of 
fiction  circulated  in  any  given  community 
will  depend  mainly  on  the  quantity  and  quality 
supplied  by  the  public  library? 

After  all  the  fiction  question  remains  the 
vital  question  for  librarians.  If  the  public  li- 
brary is  not  first  and  foremost  an  educational 
institution,  it  has  no  right  to  exist.  If  it  exists 
for  mere  entertainment,  and  a  low  order  of  en- 
tertainment at  that,  it  is  simply  a  socialistic  in- 
stitution, and  Goldwin  Smith  is  right  when  he 
says,  "  Circulating  libraries,  maintained  at  the 
expense  of  the  ratepayer,  may  fairly  rank  as 
socialistic,  since  people  have  no  more  right  to 
novels  than  to  theatre  tickets  out  of  the  public 
taxes."  ("Essays  on  questions  of  the  day," 
p.  17.) 

It  is  the  fashion  nowadays  to  blame  all  our 
social  ills  on  democracy.  No  doubt  the  same 
causes  that  have  produced  democracy  and  are 
now  tending  ever  more  and  more  to  expand  it, 
tend  also  to  a  constant  lowering  of  the  stand- 
ard of  reading  and  with  the  march  of  democ- 
racy the  fiction  percentage  in  public  libraries, 
unless  checked,  will  grow  still  larger  year  by 
year.  But  there  is  to  be  seen  in  many  quarters 
a  tendency  in  the  opposite  direction.  The  A. 
L.  A.  catalog,  the  select  and  annotated  lists  of 
many  libraries,  and  reading  aids  of  all  kinds 
are  doing  an  excellent  work,  and  many  public 
libraries  are  in  fact  as  well  as  in  name  true 
universities  of  the  people. 


136 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\_March,  '97 


BOOKS  OF  1896.  — II. 

HISTORY. 

Reviewed  by  J.  N.  Lamed,  Buffalo  Library 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Adams,  G:  B.     Growth  of  the  French  nation. 

Flood.     $i. 

As  a  book  prepared  for  the  Chautauqua  se- 
ries, this  is  necessarily  a  very  condensed  sur- 
vey of  French  history,  mainly  to  outline  the 
political  development  of  the  nation;  but  it  is 
competently  and  well  done. 
Andrews,  C.  M.  Historical  development  of 

modern  Europe,     v.  i,  1815-1850.     Putnam. 

$2.50. 

The  work  by  Prof.  Andrews  which  this  volume 
opens  and  which  a  second  will  finish  is,  in  the 
best  sense  of  the  term,  a  study  of  history,  to 
discover  the  bearing  of  events  upon  one 
another  and  to  find  their  immediate  and  their 
final,  their  separate  and  their  total,  effects,  as 
well  as  to  detect  the  antecedent  influences  con- 
cealed in  them.  It  is  fairly  open  only  to  the 
criticism  of  Dr.  Levermore  in  the  American 
Historical  Review,  that  it  exhibits  the  political 
rather  than  the  completely  "  historical "  devel- 
opment of  modern  Europe,  since  religious,  in- 
dustrial, and  literary  movements  are  scarcely 
touched. 
Andrews,  E.  B:  History  of  the  last  quarter 

century  in  the  U.  S.,  1870- 1895.    2  v.    Scrib- 

ner.     $6. 

President  Andrews  has  done  much  better 
work  in  this  narrative  of  recent  American 
events  than  in  his  disappointing  two-volume 
general  history  of  the  United  States.  He  has 
given  us  the  annals  of  the  last  25  years  in  what 
may  be  called  the  very  best  possible  style  of 
illustrated  newspaper  reporting.  The  story  is 
animated  and  generally  accurate.  It  is  both 
interesting  and  valuable. 
Ashton,  J.  When  William  iv.  was  king.  Ap- 

pleton.     $3.50. 

Mr.  Ashton  is  a  well-known,  industrious  com- 
piler, who  gleans  in  the  British  Museum  for 
contemporary  pictures  and  gossip  to  illustrate 
the  manner  of  English  life  at  different  periods. 
His  rather  easily  constructed  books  are  always 
interesting  and  have  a  certain  measure  of  in- 
structive usefulness. 
Barnes,  Ja.  Naval  actions  of  the  war  of  1812. 

Harper.     $4.50. 

It  would  not  be  fair  to  compare  this  book 
with  Mr.  Roosevelt's  "Naval  war  of  1812," 
for  that  is  a  genuine  product  of  historical  study, 
while  Mr.  Barnes  has  only  compiled  a  series  of 
slight  sketches  of  the  more  notable  sea-fights 
of  the  war;  apparently  to  accompany  a  series 
of  pictures  in  color,  fancy-painted  by  Mr.  Carle- 
ton  T.  Chapman.  But  Mr.  Barnes's  introduc- 
tory chapter  shows  that  he  has  performed  his 
task  with  a  very  scanty  general  knowledge  of 
the  war. 
Bigelow,  Poulteney.  History  of  the  German 

struggle  for  liberty.     2  v.     Harper.     $5. 

Mr.  Bigelow  has  written  his  acrount  of  what 
Is  commonly  called  "the  war  of  liberation," 
which  ended  in  the  overthrow  of  Napoleon  I., 
with  a  very  warm  interest  in  the  subject,  and 


he  has  evidently  studied  it  with  no  small  thor- 
oughness; but  the  study  has  not  been  that  of  a 
historian,  in  the  true  sense,  nor  is  the  writing 
that  of  a  work  which  can  abide  in  the  litera- 
ture of  history.  In  a  way  it  is  interesting,  but 
it  has  the  indescribable  newspaper  tone  which 
is  fatal  to  a  book.  The  fanciful  illustrations 
help  to  lower  the  historical  dignity  of  the  work. 
Channing,  E.,  and  Hart,  A.  B.  Guide  to  the 

study  of  American  history.     Ginn.     $2.15. 

While  this  little  book  has  been  prepared  es- 
pecially for  teachers,  any  student  or  any  reader 
of  American  history  who  cares  to  be  well 
guided  will  find  it  invaluable.  It  will  show  him 
how  to  direct  his  study  or  his  reading  to  the 
best  advantage,  and  it  will  assist  his  choice  of 
topics,  while  it  names  and  estimates  for  him 
the  books  from  which  he  must  select.  The 
part  in  which  method  in  teaching  and  study  is 
discussed  is  most  admirable.  The  bibliography 
is  hardly  less  so,  though  stronger  in  some  divi- 
sions than  in  others. 
Coleridge,  E.  P.  Res  Romanae.  London,  G. 

Bell  &  Son.     zs.  (>d. 

This  is  an  exceedingly  useful  small  manual 
or  reference-book  of  Roman  history,  containing 
a  multitude  of  lists,  of  emperors,  colonies, 
roads,  military  and  naval  terms,  important 
laws,  and  the  like,  with  condensed  dictionaries 
of  geography  and  biography,  historical  allu- 
sions in  Roman  poetry,  and  varieties  of  in- 
formation too  numerous  to  be  detailed  here. 
Eggleston,  E.  Beginners  of  a  nation.  Apple- 
ton.  $1.50. 

There  is  more  than  fair  promise,  in  this  first 
volume,  of  a  work  of  really  first-rate  impor- 
tance in  American  history.  The  aim  of  Dr. 
Eggleston  is  to  write,  not  the  annals  of  the 
United  States,  in  the  ordinary  form  of  chron- 
ologized history,  but  an  account  of  the  life  and 
character  of  the  people,  from  the  beginners  of 
settlement  and  social  organization  in  the  sev- 
eral colonies  down.  The  present  instalment 
treats  of  the  "  Rise  of  the  first  English  colony," 
"The  Puritan  migration,"  and  the.  "Centrif- 
ugal forces  in  colony-planting."  The  chapter 
on  Roger  Williams  in  the  last-named  part  is 
especially  strong  and  interesting. 
English,  W.  H.  Conquest  of  the  country 

northwest  of    the    river    Ohio,    1778-1783. 

Bowen-Merrill.     $6. 

This  laborious  work  will  greatly  assist  some 
future  writer  to  prepare  an  adequate  life  of 
George  Rogers  Clarke  and  to  narrate  the  con- 
quest of  the  Old  Northwest.  It  is  a  collection 
of  valuable  materials,  unskilfully  put  together, 
and  the  style  of  writing  lacks  almost  all  good 
qualities. 
Gerard,  J.  What  was  the  gunpowder  plot  ? 

Lond.,  Osgood,  Mcllvaine  &  Co.     6s. 

Faith  in  the  old  story  of  "the  gunpowder 
plot,"  which  stands  unquestioned  in  most  Eng- 
lish histories',  is  seriously  shaken  by  the  in- 
quiries started  in  this  book.  Father  Gerard 
shows  many  and  strong  reasons  for  concluding 
that  the  real  plotter  in  the  case  was  Robert 
Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  the  chief  minister  of 
James  i.,  who  contrived  the  conspiracy  as  a 
trap  for  the  Catholics,  whom  he  treacherously 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


137 


inveigled  into  it.  Some,  who  sold  themselves 
as  decoys,  became  victims  grimly  sacrificed. 
Suspicions  to  this  effect  were  rife  at  an  early 
day,  but  gradually  died  out.  They  are  now 
effectively  revived. 

Gibbon,  E.    Decline  and  fall  of  the  Roman  em- 
pire; ed.  by  J.  B.  Bury.     Macmillan.     $2. 
Gibbon's  immortal  work  holds  its  supreme 
place;  nothing  new  supersedes  it;  but  time  has 
brought  enough  of  fresh  discoveries  in  Roman 
and  Byzantine  history,  even  since  Milman  and 
Smith  annotated  the   great   narrative,   to  de- 
mand a  new  edition  under  careful  editorship. 
Prof.   Bury,  historian  of  the  later  empire,  is 
specially  qualified  .for  the  much-needed  work. 
Janssen,  J.     History  of  the  German  people  at 
close  of  the  Middle  Ages.     v.  i,  2.     Herder. 
net,  $6.25. 

This  is  a  valuable  study,  from  a  Roman 
Catholic  standpoint,  of  the  condition  of  affairs 
and  the  state  of  feeling  among  the  German 
people  at  the  beginning  of  the  Reformation 
movement. 

Longstreet,  Gen.  Ja.  From  Manassas  to  Appo- 
mattox.  Lippincott.  $4. 
Published  30  years  after  the  ending  of  the 
civil  war,  General  Longstreet's  narrative  of 
his  experiences  as  a  military  leader  in  it,  on 
the  beaten  side,  is  a  more  valuable  contribu- 
tion to  history  than  it  would  have  been  if  given 
earlier.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  accept  its 
results  without  reserve;  he  suffered  obloquy, 
and  time  has  vindicated  him;  he  can  write  now 
with  calmness  of  temper  and  with  more  clear- 
ness of  vision  than  during  the  heat  of  either 
his  military  or  his  political  fighting  days. 
McCurdy.  History,  prophecy,  and  the  monu- 
ments, v.  2.  MacmilUn.  $3. 
It  is  probably  safe  to  say  that,  for  English 
readers,  there  is  no  other  work  yet  written 
which  sheds  upon  Jewish  history  so  much  of 
the  side-light  that  has  been  opened  within  the 
last  few  years  from  the  monuments  and  docu- 
ments discovered  in  Egypt  and  the  Asiatic 
Bible  lands.  Prof.  McCurdy  writes  with  large 
authoritative  knowledge,  and  with  the  capacity 
of  mind  which  comprehends  history  in  its  wider 
reaches. 

March,  Thos.     History  of  the  Paris  Commune 
of  187  r.     Macmillan.     $2. 
Apparently  a  painstaking  collection  of  facts, 
but  uninterestingly  written. 
Marx,  Karl.     Revolution  and  counter-revolu- 
tion; or,  Germany  in  1848.     Scribner.    $i. 
This  little  book  is  a  reprint  of  letters  written 
to  the  New  York   Tribune  in  1851-2  by  Karl 
Marx  from  London.     They  are  most  interest- 
ing as  showing  with  how  sane  and  sound  a 
judgment  "Marx  looked   at  the  revolutionary 
movements  of  1848  in  his  own  country,  from 
which  he  had  been  already  an  exile  for  several 
years. 

Morris,  W.   O'C.     Ireland,   1494-1868.     Cam- 
bridge Univ.  Press.     6s. 

Judge  Morris  is  a  civilian  historian  whose 
apparent  ambition  is  to  be  a  military  critic,  and 
who  strives  to  look  at  history  with  the  military 
eye.  His  view  of  causes  and  effects,  and  of 
the  quieter  forces  and  movements  in  human 


affairs,  is  apt  to  be  obscured  by  the  smoke  of 
battles  and  the  dust  of  armies  on  the  match. 
O'Brien,  W.  P.     The  great  famine  in  Ireland. 

Lond.,  Downey.     IQJ.  6<f. 

A  dry  but  useful  collection  of  facts  relating  to 
the  terrible  famine  and  its  after-consequences, 
largely  from  official  sources. 
Muir,  Sir  W.     Mameluke  or  slave  dynasty  of 

Egypt,  1260-1517  A.D.     Lond.,  Smith  &  E. 

ioj.  6//. 

For  an  important  period  of  Egyptian  history 
this  is  the  only  book  that  will  give  much  to  an 
English  reader. 
Powell.  W.  H.     The  Fifth  army  corps  (Army  of 

the  Potomac).     Putnam,     net,  $7.50. 

This  does  not  compare  favorably  with  the  late 
General  Walker's  "  History  of  the  Second  army 
corps"  as  a  piece  of  military  work,  but  it  fur- 
nishes a  valuable  record  of  the  great  deeds 
and  sufferings  of  one  of  the  most  famous  of 
the  lesser  armies  which  made  up  the  mighty 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 
Sloane,  W.  Life  of  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  v. 

1-2.    Century,    subs.,  ea.,  $7. 

A  life  of  Napoleon  which  does  justice  to  the 
phenomenal  powers  of  the  unscrupulous  and  vul- 
gar adventurer,  without  encouraging  admira- 
tion and  hero  worship,  is  a  work  to  be  greatly 
welcomed.  Professor  Sloane  has  studied  thor- 
oughly and  written  well,  and  his  history  puts 
all  its  predecessors  on  the  same  subject  into 
the  background.  We  may  hope,  perhaps,  for 
a  new  edition  of  it,  some  day,  in  volumes  of 
more  manageable  size,  with  non- historical 
pictures,  drawn  from  the  imagination  of  ambi- 
tious artists,  dropped  out. 
Thwaites,  R.  G.,  ed.  Jesuit  relations,  v.  1-2. 

Burrows.     *?«.,  $3.50. 

Unquestionably  the  most  important  historical 
publication  of  the  year  is  that  begun  in  two 
volumes  of  Mr.  Thwaites's  great  collection  of 
the  "Jesuit  relations  and  allied  documents," 
with  an  English  translation  accompanying  the 
original  text.  It  is  opening  to  all  students  and 
all  readers  the  precious  hidden  mine  from 
which  Parkman  extracted  so  much  of  his  fas- 
cinating French-American  and  Huron-Iroquois 
history.  Its  effect  will  be  to  greatly  increase 
the  attention  given  to  that  attractive  historical 
field,  in  which  Mr.  Thwaites  has  succeeded 
Mr.  Parkman  as  the  leader  of  research. 

BIOGRAPHY. 

Reviewed  by  Miss  M.  S.  Cutler,  N.  Y.  State 
Library.  Divided  into  two  class? s:  "  The  most 
valuable  biographies  "  and  "  the  most  popular 
biographies,"  as  follows: 

Some  of  the  most  valuable  biographies  of  1896. 
Barrie.      Barrie,    J.    M.      Margaret     Ogilvy. 

Scribner.     $1.25. 
Holmes.     Morse,  J:  T../V.     Life  and  letters  of 

Oliver  Wendell   Holmes.     2   v.     Houghton. 

f7- 

Probably  the  most  notable  biography  of  the 
year,  considering  real  value  and  general  inter- 
est. 
Hutchinson.     Hosmer,  J.  K.     Life  of  Thomas 

Hutchinson.     Houghton.    $4. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


Counterpart  to  his  Samuel  Adams;  this  is  the 
first  careful  life  of  Hutchinson  that  has  been 
written. 
Jeanne  cTArc.     Lowell,    F.   C.      Joan   of   Arc. 

Houghton.     $2. 

Prof.    H.  Morse  Stephens  says  of  it  in  the 
September  New   World:  "  Distinctly   the  best 
thing  in  the  English  language  upon  the  life  of 
the  maid  of  Orleans." 
Richelieu.     Lodge,  Richard.    Richelieu.     Mac- 

millan.     75  c. 

A  distinct  acquisition  because  it  supplies  the 
need  of  a  good  popular  life  of  Richelieu.     The 
Bookman  calls  it  "almost  a  model  of  short  bi- 
ography." 
Romanes,  G:  J:     Life  and  letters.     Longmans. 

$4- 
Rossetti,  D.  G.     Family  letters;  with  a  memoir 

by  W:  M.  Rossetti.     2  v.     Roberts.    $6.50. 
Sheridan.     Rae,W:F.     Sheridan.     2  v.     Holt, 

$7- 

Washington.       Wilson,     Woodrow.        George 
Washington.     Harper.     $3. 

Popular  biographies  of  1896. 
Bronte.     Shorter,  C.  K.     Charlotte  Bronte  and 

her  circle.     Dodd.     $2.50. 

Clark,  Mrs.  M.  C.     My  long  life.     Dodd.     $2. 
Field,   Mrs.    A.    A.      Authors     and    friends. 

Houghton.     $1.50. 

Similar  in  scope  to  J.  T.  Field's  "Yesterdays 
with  authors." 
Lampson,  F:  Locker.     My  confidences.     Scrib- 

ner.     $5. 
Lincoln.      Tarbell,  I.    M.,   and  Davis,   J.    M. 

Early  life  of  Abraham  Lincoln.      McClure. 

$i. 

Madison.     Goodwin,  Mrs.  M.  W.     Dolly  Madi- 
son.    Scribner.    $1.25. 
Mitchell,   Maria.     Life,  letters,  and  journals. 

Lee.     $i. 

Navarro,  Mrs.  Mary  Anderson  de.   A  few  mem- 
ories.    Harper.     $2.50. 
Renan,   Ernest   and  Henriette.      Brother  and 

sister:    a   memoir  and  letters.     Macmillan. 

$2.25. 
Roland.      Tarbell,    I.    M.      Madame    Roland. 

Scribner.     $1.50. 

The  author  had  access  to  new  material,  and 
the  book  should  perhaps  take  the  place  of 
Blind's  "  Madame  Roland  "  in  the  "  Catalog  of 
the  '  A.  L.  A.' Library." 
Ward,  Mrs.  E.  S.  Phelps.  Chapters  from  a 

Hfe.     Houghton.     $1.50. 

The  village  library  buying  only  a  few  books 
would  do  well  to  combine  a  selection  from  the 
"valuable  biographies  of  1896"  and  "popu- 
lar biographies  of  1896."  Hare's  "Story  of 
my  life"  should  be  added  to  the  list;  Oliphant's 
"Joan  of  Arc  "  should  be  omitted. 

TRAVEL. 

Reviewed  by  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Free  Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

There  are  certain  books  of  travel  published 
in  1896  which  we  need  only  mention  —  the 
names  of  the  authors  alone  are  a  guarantee  of 
their  excellence  or  of  a  great  demand.  Such 
is  Sir  John  Lubbock's  "Scenery  of  Switzerland 


and  causes  to  which  it  is  due."  [Macmillan. 
$1.50.]  To  be  sure,  this  is  almost  purely  scien- 
tific in  its  interest  so  that  it  would  probably  by 
most  libraries  be  classed  with  science  rather 
than  with  travel  or  description.  Stevenson's 
"In  the  South  Seas"  is  another  which  there 
can  be  no  doubt  about.  [Scribner.  $1.50.]  It 
is  criticised  as  among  the  poorest  of  Stevenson's 
work,  but  even  that  is  on  a  level  with  the  best  of 
most  other  travellers' achievements.  Yriarte's 
"Venice,"  the  new  small-sized  edition  [Coates. 
$3]  is  another  classic  that  cannot  be  left  out. 

Then  there  are  a  few  books  whose  subject  re- 
quires that  we  place  them  among  the  desirable 
ones  for  a  library,  such  as  Curtis's  "  Venezuela, 
a  land  where  it's  always  summer."  [Harper. 
$1.25.]  The  value  of  this  is  chiefly  in  its  time- 
liness, and  it  is  interesting  reading  but  not  of 
great  importance  to  the  student,  being  simply  the 
collected  and  Devised  sketches  of  a  newspaper 
correspondent.  The  appendix  contains  the 
correspondence  of  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain  down  to  November,  1895.  Richard 
Harding  Davis's  "Three  Gringos  in  Venezuela 
and  Central  America"  [Harper.  $1.50]  is  an- 
other book  owing  its  interest  largely  to  our  pres- 
ent interest  in  Venezuela  and  in  South  Amer- 
ican questionsgenerally,  though  there  is  always 
a  literary  note  in  Mr.  Davis's  work  that  makes 
him  good  reading.  The  accuracy  and  fairness 
of  the  author  have  been  criticised,  but  even 
granting  the  justice  of  the  criticism,  the  book 
need  not  be  spoiled  for  its  purpose  of  recreative 
reading.  Rowan  and  Ramsey's  "Island  of 
Cuba"  [Holt.  $1.25]  is  another  of  this  class, 
and  is  compact  with  information  and  provided 
with  a  good  index.  The  book  has  evidently 
been  prepared  for  the  use  of  students  of  the 
Cuban  question. 

Brehm's  "From  north  pole  to  equator" 
[Scribner.  $6]  should  perhaps  have  been  in- 
cluded as  one  of  those  books  whnse  admission 
must  be  taken  for  granted,  since  the  author  of 
the  "  Tierleben  "  is  known  to  all  librarians  and 
lovers  of  natural  history  and  recognized  as  one 
of  the  most  interesting  as  well  as  accurate 
writers  on  his  subject.  The  work  is  a  compi- 
lation from  his  lectures  and  the  illustrations  are 
from  original  drawings.  A  list  of  similar 
works  by  other  naturalist  travellers  is  one  of 
the  valuable  features  of  a  very  valuable  book. 

The  rest  of  the  books  of  travel  included  may 
be  better  noted  under  the  names  of  the  coun- 
tries described. 

Japan:  Mrs.  K.  S.  Baxter's  "In  bamboo 
lands"  [Merriam.  $2.50]  is  an  unpretentious 
book,  a  plain  tale  of  the  experiences  of  a  tourist 
in  Japan,  and  like  most  unpretentious  things 
will  be  found  to  have  a  place  and  fill  a  want. 
Her  description  of  social  life  at  the  capi'al  and 
ports  is  interesting  and  doubtless  accurate. 

Lafcadio  Hearn's  "Kokoro"  [Houghton. 
$1.25],  meaning  "  Heart,"  is  full  of  the  charm 
and  attraction  of  the  Japanese  character,  of 
which  the  author  has  so  keen  an  appreciation. 
It  may  be  compared  with  that  other  delightful 
book,  Lowell's  "  Soul  of  the  Far  East." 

Knapp's  "Feudal  and  modern  Japan  "  [2  v. 
Knight.  $1.50]  is  a  fascinating  study  of  the 


March,  '97] 


139 


elements  of  Japanese  character  and  the  inner 
history  of  the  race  which  culminated  so  un- 
expectedly a  year  or  two  ago  in  so  sudden  an 
outburst  of  power.  The  author  lived  in  Japan 
two  years  and  had  access  to  the  ms.  material 
of  much  older  residents.  A  chapter  on  "A 
Japanese  library  "  deals  with  the  literature  of 
Japan.  The  illustrations  in  photogravure  are 
excellent,  and  the  book  closes  with  a  very  use- 
ful classified  bibliography.  . 

China  :  Martin's  "  Cycle  of  Cathay  "  [Revell. 
$2]  is  the  work  of  a  man  who  has  lived  60 
years  in  north  and  south  China  as  a  missionary, 
and  one  cannot  help  seeing  that  h:s  book  is 
written  more  or  less  from  an  old-fashioned 
point  of  view.  The  subject  is  the  Chinese  in 
their  social  and  political  life,  and  the  book  con- 
tains much  useful  information. 

Italy:  Laurence  Hutton's  "Literary  land- 
marks of  Venice"  [Harper.  $i]  is  a  reprint  of 
his  article  in  Harper's  Monthly,  and  contains  a 
great  deal  of  information  that  cannot  be  found 
in  ordinary  guide-books,  or  indeed  in  any  other 
one  place.  As  an  adjunct  to  Baedeker,  it  would 
make  a  very  desirable  travelling  companion. 

Robertson's  "  Through  the  Dolomites  from 
Venice  to  Toblach "  [Scribner.  $3]  is  an  ac- 
count of  the  region  betwen  Italy  and  Austria, 
which  the  author  asserts  and  proves  to  be  full 
of  historic  interest.  All  the  facts  necessary  for 
tourists'  use  are  given,  making  the  book  a 
valuable  guide  to  the  region.  In  this  respect 
it  is  better  than  Miss  Amelia  Edwards's  book 
on  the  same  subject,  which  besides  is  rather 
out  of  date,  having  been  published  in  1873,  but 
in  literary  interest  it  cannot  compare  with  Miss 
Edwards's  work. 

Vuillier's  "Forgotten  isles"  [Appleton. 
$4- 5o],  giving  impressions  of  the  Balearic 
Islands,  Corsica,  and  Sardinia,  has  but  re- 
cently been  translated,  but  gives  one  the  im- 
pression of  a  book  written  in  the  era  of  ro- 
mantic travellers.  The  author's  narrative  of 
his  personal  experiences  is  interspersed  with 
tales  and  legends  told  him  in  different  places 
by  the  natives.  It  iseasy  reading,  but  I  should 
say  desirable  chiefly  from  the  fact  that  there  is 
so  little  in  English  on  the  subject. 

England:  Miss  Alice  Brown's  "  By  oak  and 
thorn"  [Houghton.  $1.25]  is  a  charming  col- 
lection of  sketches  of  English  travel,  perme- 
ated throughout  by  the  keen  sense  of  humor 
which  those  are  familiar  with  who  have  read 
her  stories. 

Miss  Dodd's  "  On  the  Broads  "  [Macmillan. 
$3]  deals  with  the  region  around  Norwich, 
Yarmouth,  and  Lowestoft,  one  generally  un- 
known to  the  American  tourist,  and  the  subject 
is  delightfully  treated. 

Mrs.  Dorr's  "  Cathedral  pilgrimage"  [Mac- 
millan.  75  c.]  is  a  pleasant  series  of  sketches 
in  compact  form  of  the  cathedrals  of  Wells, 
Salisbury,  Winchester,  Canterbury,  Ely,  Lin- 
coln, York,  and  Durham.  It  might  easily  serve 
as  a  guide-book,  so  minute  is  it  in  description. 

Rideing's  "At  Hawarden  with  Mr.  Glad- 
stone "  [Crowell.  Si]  proves  to  contain  also 
brief  sketches  of  Queenstown,  Yarmouth,  the 
House  of  Commoni,  etc.  Some  of  the  papers 


are  excellent  word-pictures,  and  the  book  alto- 
gether is  agreeable  reading. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ward's  "Shakespeare's  town 
and  times  "  [Truslove.  $3]  does  not  claim  to 
be  a  learned  biography,  but  to  present  the  facts 
and  their  own  deductions  separately,  so  that 
the  latter  may  be  taken  or  left;  it  claims  also 
to  conserve  for  us  in  the  shape  of  excellent 
photogravure  illustrations  such  remains  of 
Shakespeare's  Stratford  as  still  exist,  which 
alone  would  make  it  desirable  for  a  library.  It 
has  a  good  index  and  a  plan  of  the  town  and 
surroundings. 

Africa:  Chanler's  "Through  jungle  and 
desert"  [Macmillan.  $5]  would  be  wanted  by 
most  American  libraries  as  one  of  the  few 
records  of  American  exploration  of  the  "dark 
continent,"  even  if  it  were  not  in  itself  an  in- 
teresting book. 

Loomis's  ' '  Eclipse  party  in  Africa  "  [Roberts. 
$4.50]  I  have  not  been  able  to  examine,  but  the 
name  of  Professor  Loomis  is  a  guarantee  of  the 
standing  of  the  book,  and  all  genuine  records 
of  scientific  expeditions  are  desirable. 

Traill's  "From  Cairo  to  the  Soudan  frontier" 
[Way.  $1.50]  is  a  reprint  of  a  series  of  clever 
and  witty  sketches  contributed  to  the  London 
Daily  Telegraph.  The  author,  the  English  his- 
torian, gives  the  reader  a  comfortable  impres- 
sion of  knowing  all  about  the  historic  back- 
ground of  his  travelling  experiences  without 
having  to  open  his  guide-book,  which  cannot  be 
said  of  many  travellers  who  publish  their  im- 
pressions. 

India:  "In  India,"  by  Andre  Chevrillon, 
[Holt.  $1.50]  is  a  series  of  French  impres- 
sionist pictures  of  Indian  cities.'by  a  writer  who 
felt  their  atmosphere  and  is  able  to  convey  the 
feeling.  Not  at  all  a  book  of  statistics  or  that 
sort  of  useful  information,  but  very  pleasura- 
ble reading. 

Captain  Younghusband's  "  Heart  of  a  conti- 
nent "  [Scribner.  $6]  deals  with  Manchuria,  the 
Gobi  desert,  the  Himalayas,  the  Pamirs,  and 
Chitral.  The  author,  a  member  of  the  Indian 
staff  corps  and  medallist  of  the  Royal  Geo- 
graphical Society,  disclaims  a  scientific  equip- 
ment for  travelling,  but  his  fitness  in  other 
particulars,  his  keen  powers  of  observation,  his 
enjoyment  in  the  telling,  his  simplicity  and 
frankness,  make  him  an  admirable  narrator 
and  his  book  good  reading  for  those  who  enjoy 
accounts  of  personal  adventure. 

North  America:  Warburton  Pike's  "Through 
the  sub-Arctic  forest "  [Arnold.  $4]  is  interest- 
ing, as  is  Whitney's  "  Barren  grounds,"  to  the 
sportsman  chiefly,  though  his  accounts  of  the 
country  and  the  people  are  sufficiently  interest- 
ing to  the  general  reader  also. 

Mrs.  A.  M.  Earle's  "Colonial  days  in  old 
New  York"  [Scribner.  $1.25]  is  really  of  the 
social  historical  order  rather  than  a  book  of 
travel,  but  is  full  of  fascinating  out-of-the-way 
lore. 

Lieutenant  Greely's  "Handbook  of  Arctic 
discoveries  "  [Roberts.  $i]  is  hardly  a  book  of 
travel,  but  is  worth  having  as  a  very  careful 
compilation  to  date  of  all  that  has  been  done  hi 
the  way  of  Arctic  discovery,  barring  Nansen's 


140 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


iccent  explorations.  It  contains  maps  and  a 
good  bibliography. 

Wright  and  Uphara's  "Greenland  icefields" 
[Appleton.  $2]  is  a  scientific  account  of  the 
voyage  of  the  unfortunate  Miranda.  The  two 
professors  made  the  most  of  their  brief  stay  in 
Greenland,  and  the  book  is  packed  with  infor- 
mation on  the  geology,  flora,  and  fauna  of  the 
country  and  the  life  of  the  inhabitants. 

Whitney's  "On  snow-shoes  to  the  barren 
grounds"  [Harper.  $3.50]  appeared  in  Har- 
per's Monthly  ;  it  is  first  of  all  a  book  for  the 
sportsman,  but  is  also  interesting  in  its  descrip- 
tion of  the  British  American  wilderness. 

Wilcox's  "Camping  in  the  Canadian  Rockies  " 
[Putnam.  $4]  is  a  book  for  mountain-climbers 
primarily,  though  the  camper  whose  fad  is  pho- 
tography and  he  whose  hobby  is  exploring  will 
find  the  book  equally  satisfactory  —  one  of  the 
best  descriptions  of  the  region. 

Skinner's  "Myths  and  legends  of  our  own 
land  "  [2  v.  Lippincott.  $3]  is  a  book  to  fill  a 
want.  The  wonder  grows  as  one  reads  that  no 
such  collection  had  ever  been  made  before,  and 
one  suffers  the  want  even  in  retrospect.  It  has 
not  a  suitable  index,  however. 

Spain:  Jaccaci's  "On  the  trail  of  Don 
Quixote"  [Scribner.  $2.50],  though  of  special 
present  interest,  would  be  welcome  at  any  time. 
With  the  artist  Vierge,  who  furnishes  the  illus- 
trations, the  author,  himself  an  artist,  travelled 
over  a  path  unknown  to  tourists,  finding  a 
country  in  which  things  have  remained  "  prac- 
tically unchanged  since  the  time  of  Cervantes." 

Taylor's  "Land  of  the  Castanet"  [Stone. 
$1.25]  is  a  pleasantly  written,  rather  super- 
ficial record  of  travel,  but  up  to  date  as  to  the 
relations  between  Spain  and  the  United  States, 
the  author  having  sounded  the  feelings  of  the 
Spaniards  he  met  on  this  subject. 

Mrs.  Moulton's  "Lazy  tours  in  Sp.ain  and 
elsewhere  "  [Roberts.  $i  .50]  seem  to  be  chiefly 
Elsewhere.  A  series  of  impressions  by  one  in 
search  of  health  and  pleasure  rather  than  of 
facts.  Easy,  agreeable  reading. 

f ranee :  Theuriet's  "  Rustic  life  in  France" 
[Crowell.  $2.50]  is  illustrated  by  L'hermitte, 
the  French  painter,  and  both  text  and  illustra- 
tions seem  to  have  been  a  labor  of  love.  The 
book  is  an  effort  to  preserve  for  posterity  the 
life  of  the  French  peasant,  before  railways  and 
commerce  shall  have  entirely  invaded  his  do- 
main and  made  him  like  every  one  else.  It  is 
a  charming  study. 

Miscellaneous:  Mrs.  Macquoid's  "In  the 
volcanic  Eifel"  [Dodd.  $3]  deals  with  the  Ger- 
man country  between  the  Rhine  and  the  Moselle 
from  Remagen  to  Treves.  It  contains  explicit 
directions  for  tourists  in  addition  to  a  good  de- 
scription of  the  country,  which  seems  to  be  a 
most  curious  one. 

Russell's  "Edge  of  the  orient"  [Scribner. 
$2]  is  an  account  of  experiences  in  Dalmatia 
and  Montenegro;  the  latter  country  having 
suddenly  become  interesting  again  through  its 
alliance  with  Italy,  this  part  of  the  book  has 
especial  interest. 

Steele's   "Voyage  to  Viking-land"   [Estes. 


$2]  is  a  record  of  the  average  tourist  trip  to 
Sweden  and  Norway.  The  principal  virtue  of 
the  tale  is  that  it  is  told  with  such  evident  en- 
joyment in  the  reminiscence. 

FICTION. 

Reviewed  by  Miss  Helen  E.  Haines,  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  New  York. 

It  is  to  be  feared  that  a  person  who  has 
always  delighted  in  novels,  and  who  has  read 
a  great  many  more  than  library  authorities 
would  approve,  is  not  a  proper  person  to  pre- 
sent the  subject  of  fiction  to  a  gathering  of 
librarians,  who  as  a  class  sternly  reprobate  the 
reading  of  novels  and  yearn  to  see  mankind, 
and  especially  womankind,  following  the 
straight  and  narrow  path  that  is  lined  with 
Buckle's  "  History  of  civilization,"  Reid's  "  In- 
tellectual powers  of  man,"  and  their  congeners. 
So  it  is  with  some  hesitation  that  I  confess  to 
having  read  43  of  the  81  novels  listed  for  discus- 
sion, besides  a  number  that  are  not  included  in 
the  list,  though  of  the  total  read  but  25  are  here 
reviewed.  The  selection  of  those  chosen  has 
not  been  based  wholly  upon  popularity,  which 
generally  proves  a  bad  thing  to  trust  to;  some 
of  the  worst  novels  of  the  year  are  those  that 
have  been  much  talked  about  and  widely  sold. 
It  does  not  include  the  "keynote"  fiction  and 
its  ilk  —  the  morbid  and  unsavory  pessimism 
that  is  not  and  cannot  be  attractive  to  a  healthy 
mind.  It  excludes  also  the  so-called  "slum" 
stories  that  have  been  a  striking  feature  of  the 
past  year  —  books  telling  of  the  vice  and  mis- 
ery and  sadness  to  be  found  in  great  cities,  and 
that  are  about  as  depressing  and  demoralizing 
as  a  course  of  reading  in  the  "new  journal- 
ism." Barring  these,  the  endeavor  has  been 
to  choose  books  that  stand  out  above  the  rank 
and  file  by  reason  of  originality,  vitality,  ex- 
cellence of  purpose,  grace  of  style,  or  simply 
as  all-around  good  stories.  Last  of  all,  the 
selection  is  essentially  a  personal  one,  and 
every  one  who  considers  it  will  promptly  re- 
arrange it  to  suit  his  or  her  own  personality, 
for  in  novel-reading  a  never-ending  fascina- 
tion is  the  impossibility  of  ever  agreeing  long 
with  any  one  else. 

The  novels  chosen  have  been  divided  into 
three  classes.  First,  those  I  should  place  in 
the  first  rank  of  the  fiction  of  1896;  second, 
what  may  be  called  the  second-best;  and  third, 
several  books  that  have  had  praise  and  popu- 
larity but  that  I  do  not  include  among  the  best 
fiction  of  the  year. 


Barrie's  "Sentimental  Tommy"  [Scribner. 
$1.50]  takes  rank  in  the  first  division,  and  this 
is  not  because  of  the  present  craze  for  Scottish 
fiction,  but  because  the  book  has  the  permanent 
elements  of  life  and  reality.  It  is  instinct  with 
vitality,  alive  with  varying  emotions,  truly 
pathetic  —  witness  the  whole  story  of  little 
Grizel  —  bubbling  with  fun;  and  it  possesses 
indisputably  the  "human"  element.  As  for 
Tommy  himself,  the  boy  who  always  found  a 
"  w'y  "  to  accomplish  the  impossible,  the  mor- 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


141 


al  chameleon  reflecting  every  shade  and  mood 
of  his  surroundings  and  associates,  yet  de- 
ceiving himself  more  absolutely  than  he  de- 
ceived his  observers  —  is  he  not  one  of  the 
most  astonishing  and  delightful  creations  of 
fiction  ? 

"  King  Noanett,"  by  F.  J.  Stimson  [Lamson. 
$2]  has  been  called  a  new  "  Lorna  Doone." 
It  is  not  that,  but  it  is  one  of  the  most  charm- 
ing books  of  the  year,  with  a  delicate,  poetic 
grace  and  a  depth  of  true  and  lovely  sentiment. 
The  story  is  set  in  the  early  days  of  Virginia 
and  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony,  and  it  gives 
graphic  pictures  of  the  life  and  spirit  of  the 
time  in  town  and  country,  inwoven  with  an 
idyllic  romance  of  the  love  of  two  good  men 
for  each  other  and  for  a  woman.  The  descrip- 
tion of  the  selling  of  the  "  redemptioners,"  or 
indentured  slaves,  and  of  the  women  and  girls 
shipped  for  wives  to  the  Virginia  colonists,  and 
the  glimpse  of  the  treatment  of  testifying 
Quakers  are  particularly  vivid,  and  the  historic 
atmosphere  is  excellently  sustained. 

Mrs.  Ward's  "Sir  George  Tressady"  [Mac- 
millan.  2  v.,  $2]  does  not,  perhaps,  rank  with 
"Marcella"  in  depth  of  interest,  at  least  to 
American  readers,  but  it  is  a  noble  book,  full 
of  high  ideals  and  earnest  thought.  The  book 
is  largely  a  record  of  the  development  of  a 
man's  character  from  brilliant,  cold  superficial- 
ity to  real  earnestness  of  purpose  and  a  striv- 
ing for  what  is  right,  through  the  influence  of 
a  noble  woman.  But,  more  than  that,  it  is  a 
novel  of  married  life:  what  it  may  be  contrasted 
with  what  it  too  often  is.  In  Marcella  Max- 
well and  her  husband  we  have  one  side  of  the 
shield  ;  in  George  and  Letty  Tressady  the 
other,  and  in  both  pictures  —  the  absolute  trust 
and  affection  that  nothing  can  weaken;  the 
mutual  differences  in  hopes,  thoughts,  and 
character  that  nothing  can  wholly  reconcile, 
there  is  a  breadth  of  truth  and  an  exactness  of 
perception  that  are  indeed  remarkable. 

Stevenson's  "  Weirof  Hermiston  "  [Scribner. 
$1.50]  is  one  of  the  notable  books  of  the  year. 
There  is  something  most  pathetic  in  this  mag- 
nificent fragment,  that  promised  to  rival  in 
power  and  skill  anything  he  had  previously 
produced,  and  in  which  he  seemed  to  be  about 
to  try  his  hand  for  the  first  time  at  the  depic- 
tion of  a  woman's  character.  "Weir  of  Her- 
miston" must  rank  with  "Denis  Duval"  and 
"  Edwin  Drood  "  as  a  fragment  from  the  hand 
of  a  master,  shadowing  forth  an  harmonious 
whole  that  can  never  be  realized. 

Stevenson's  name  brings  up  thatof  the  other 
great  writer  whose  work  has  ended, and  whose 
latest  book  appeared  almost  at  the  same  time 
that  his  death  came  to  grieve  the  English- 
speaking  world.  William  Morris  is  first  of  all 
a  poet,  whether  his  poetry  be  couched  in  verse 
or  prose,  and  throughout  his  wealth  of  imagi- 
nation, his  beautiful  imagery,  and  his  pictu- 
resque traditionary  themes  there  is  ever  an  un- 
dercurrent of  spiritual  allegory.  Such  a  work 
as  "  The  well  at  the  world's  end  "  [Longmans. 
2  v.,  $7.50]  seems  amid  modern  fiction  al- 
most as  Chaucer  or  Spenser  would  appear  in 


the  poetry  of  the  day.  It  is  not  meant  to  be 
read  in  trolley  cars,  nor  in  hasty  luncheon  in- 
tervals, nor  to  be  dipped  into  for  five  minutes 
after  skimming  the  daily  paper.  It  is  for  the 
real  leisure  time,  for  the  vacation  days,  away 
from  bricks  and  mortar  and  the  rush  for  bread 
and  butter.  Take  "The  well  at  the  world's 
end  "  and  read  it  in  the  quiet  summer  days,  out 
in  the  green  world  of  nature,  and  you  will  feel 
its  beauty  and  its  nobility  and  its  poetry  as  you 
can  feel  them  in  no  other  way. 

Now  we  take  a  long  step  from  the  spiritual 
to  the  earthly,  and,  remembeiing  the  book  dis- 
cussion session  at  Cleveland,  it  is  with  some 
trepidation  that  I  present  Harold  Frederic's 
"  Damnation  of  Theron  Ware"  [Stone.  $1.50]; 
but  in  a  selection  of  the  best  fiction  of  1896  I  do 
not  see  how  it  can  be  omitted.  This  story  of 
the  rapid  moral  degeneration  of  a  young  minis- 
ter is  not  literature  for  the  Young  Person,  but  it 
is  not  to  be  classed  with  the  "  keynote  "  fiction. 
It  does  not  make  moral  weakness  attractive 
or  pitiful,  but  hateful,  and  it  has  a  strength 
and  individuality  not  to  be  ignored.  There  is 
what  seems  to  me  a  misconception  about  this 
book  that  I  want  to  mention.  It  is  often  de- 
scribed as  portraying  the  pathetic  downfall  of 
a  man  through  the  lures  of  wily  tempters.  In- 
stead of  that,  it  shows  a  man  whose  heart  was 
rotten  at  the  core,  but  surrounded  by  a  crust  of 
conventionality  and  seeming  fairness.  When 
this  crust  is  touched  by  the  first  breath  of 
temptation  it  is  broken  down,  and  it  reveals 
only  the  badness  that  was  before  hidden. 

Gilbert  Parker's  "The  seats  of  the  mighty" 
[Appleton.  $1.50]  must  rank  as  one  of  the  best 
historical  novels  of  the  year.  It  tells  of  the 
struggle  on  the  Canadian  frontier  that  culmi- 
nated in  the  fall  of  Quebec,  and  its  historical 
setting  is  excellent.  The  story  is  often  over- 
burdened with  style,  and  interest  flags  now 
and  then,  but  there  are  many  stirring  scenes, 
and  the  fortunes  of  the  brave  and  unlucky 
Robert  Stobo,  the  fair  Alixe,  and  the  villan- 
ous  Doltaire,  do  not  lack  excitement  and  vari- 
ety. 

Another  historical  novel  out  of  the  common 
run  is  "  The  Reds  of  the  Midi,"  by  Felix  Gras. 
[Appleton.  $i.]  It  is  a  story  of  that  Mar- 
seillaise battalion  that  marched  to  Paris  in  the 
early  days  of  the  Terror,  burning  with  an  en- 
thusiasm for  liberty  purer  than  that  of  their 
fellow-revolutionists,  and  it  is  one  of  the  few 
books  that  tell  of  the  French  Revolution  from 
the  side  of  the  people. 

Foremost  among  the  most  striking  novels  of 
the  year  is  "Quovadis,"  a  story  of  th  edays 
of  Nero,  by  Henryk  Sienkiewicz,  the  Polish 
novelist.  [Little.  $2.]  It  is  not  a  good  book 
for  young  people,  and  its  length  and  general 
appearance  would  be  apt  to  discourage  them 
at  first  sight,  but  it  is  a  wonderful  picture  of 
the  corruption  of  Nero's  court,  of  the  Rome  of 
that  day,  and  of  the  dawning  triumph  of  Chris- 
tianity, though  it  reeks  too  strongly  of  torture 
and  slaughter  to  be  agreeable  reading.  It 
should  be  a  "restricted"  book,  but  it  should 
be  in  all  fair-sized  libraries. 


142 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\March,  "97 


"Nephele,"  by  F.  W.  Bourdillon  [New  Am- 
sterdam. $i],  is  absolutely  different  from  any 
of  the  books  named.  It  has  not  had  much 
recognition,  but  it  seemed  to  me  one  of  the  most 
graceful  and  charming  of  stories.  Its  author 
wrote  the  song  "The  night  has  a  thousand 
eyes,"  and  the  book  is  really  more  a  prose 
poem  than  a  novel.  It  is  a  story  of  spiritual 
affinity,  reminiscent  of  Du  Maurier's  "Peter 
lobetson"  and  Kipling's  "Brushwood  boy"; 
it  is  permeated  with  an  intense  love  of  music, 
and  it  has  a  delicacy  of  touch  and  a  grace  of 
expression  that  are  as  charming  as  they  are 
unusual. 

"A  king  and  a  few  dukes"  [Putnam.  $1.25] 
was  the  fantasia  with  which  Robert  W.  Cham- 
bers followed  up  his  striking  story,  "The  red 
republic."  It  is  not  to  be  taken  seriously;  but 
it  is  one  of  the  most  original  of  the  year's 
books,  light  and  sparkling,  fantastically  sar- 
castic, and  abounding  in  really  beautiful  de- 
scriptions of  nature.  It  is  set  among  the 
Caspian  mountains,  and  tells  of  the  revolutions 
and  counter-revolutions  of  one  of  the  little 
Balkan  kingdoms  that  are  always  oversetting 
their  rulers  and  turning  things  topsy-turvy;  and 
in  verve  and  wit  it  is  somewhat  akin  to  "  The 
prisoner  of  Zenda." 

Two  volumes  of  short  stories  also  take  place 
in  the  front  rank.  They  are  "  Earth's  enig- 
mas," by  Charles  G.  D.  Roberts  [Lamson. 
$1.25],  a  collection  of  Canadian  tales  full  of 
originality  and  clothed  in  poetic  language;  and 
"  The  cat  and  the  cherub"  [Century.  $1.50], 
the  sheaf  of  remarkable  stories  of  Chinatown 
and  other  places  that  Chester  Bailey  Fernald 
first  contributed  to  the  Century.  The  "cherub" 
is  one  of  the  most  delightful  of  Chinese  babies, 
and  the  stories  are  as  original  as  they  are  brill- 
iant and  amusing. 

ii. 

The  books  in  the  second  division  may  be 
briefly  listed  as  follows  : 
Bunner,  H.  C.     Love  in  old  cloathes,  and  other 

stories.     Scribner.     $1.50. 

The  title  story  is  a  delightful  little  love-tale, 
clothed  in  quaint  archaic  diction,  and  all  the 
stories  in  the  pretty  book  are  capital,  full  of 
quick  perception,  sentiment,  and  fun. 
Crawford,  F.  Marion.     Taquisara.     2  v.    Mac- 

millan.     $2. 

Crawford  is  usually  to  be  found  in  the  front 
rank,  but  "  Taquisara,"  though  it  must  be 
classed  as  a  leading  book  of  the  year,  is  below 
what  is  to  be  expected  from  him.  It  is  an 
Italian  story  of  self-sacrificing  love;  but  it  is 
poor  in  construction  and  indubitably  padded. 
Cut  down  to  half  its  length  it  would  be  a  far 
better  book. 
Crockett,  S.  R.  Cleg  Kelly,  Arab  of  the  city. 

Appleton.    $1.50. 

A  story  of  a  Scotch  street-Arab's  ascent  to  re- 
spectability; often  pathetic,  oftener  amusing, 
and  rich  in  quaint  types,  but  very  uneven  and 
without  much  depth. 

Doyle,  A.  Conan.     Exploits  of  Brigadier  Ger- 
ard.    Appleton.     $1.50. 


A  capital  book  of  the  adventures  of  one  of 
Napoleon's  bold  fighters,  who  is  delightfully 
Gallic  in  his  unconscious  bravado,  his  impul- 
sive sentiment,  and  his  grandiloquent  courage. 
Jewett,  S.  O.  The  country  of  the  pointed  firs. 

Houghton.    $1.25. 

A  volume  of  delicate  water-color  sketches  of 
a  little  Maine  hamlet. 
Macleod,  Fiona.     Green  fire.     Harper.    $1.25. 

A  glowing  Celtic  romance,  its  rapid  action 
often  impeded  by  a  superfluity  of  language. 
Macmanus,  L.     Silk  of  the  kine.    Harper.    $i. 

A  novel  that  deserves  more  notice  than  has 
come  to  it.  It  is  a  story  of  Ireland  in  the  days 
when  Cromwell's  hand  lay  heavy  upon  the 
land.  It  is  quite  breathless  in  its  rapid  move- 
ment and  unflagging  interest,  and  it  forms  a 
series  of  vivid  and  generally  accurate  historical 
pictures. 
Watson,  J:  Kate  Carnegie.  Dodd.  $1.50. 

The  novel  wherein  lovers  of  "  The  bonnie 
brier  bush  "  hoped  to  find  their  joyful  expecta- 
tions realized,  but  which  turned  out  to  be  rather 
a  dull  thread  of  plot  on  which  were  strung 
many  bits  of  Drumtochty  life  and  character  ; 
excellent  but  not  up  to  the  "  brier  bush" 
standard. 

Wiggin,  Mrs.  Kate  D.     Marm  Lisa.     Hough- 
ton.     $i. 

On  the  whole,  excellent  ;  for  the  transcen- 
dental and  hysterical  goodness  of  Mistress  Mary 
and  her  fellow-workers  is  balanced  by  the  fas- 
cinating personality  of  Mrs.  S.  Cora  Grubb,  the 
modern  Mrs.  Jellyby,  "  whose  soul  was  always 
in  a  hired  hall"  and  whose  household  tumbled 
up  anyhow  while  she  instructed  reverential 
disciples  in  faith-healing,  Buddhism,  vegetari- 
anism, theosophy,  and  a  never-ending  succes- 
sion of  mystic  isms. 

•in. 

In  the  "  Debatable  land  "  of  Division  in.  are 
put  the  following: 

Clemens,  S.  L.  Personal  recollections  of  Joan 
of  Arc.  Harper.  $2.50. 
A  book  that,  to  the  reviewer  at  least,  appeared 
exasperating  in  manner,  out  of  touch  with  the 
spirit  of  the  time  and  people  it  represents,  and 
pitched  in  an  impossible  key.  It  has  undoubt- 
edly done  good  in  making  the  heroic  maid  a 
real  figure  to  many  in  whose  minds  she  had 
been  only  a  semi-myth,  it  is  written  in  all 
earnestness,  and  it  rises  in  parts  to  dramatic  in- 
tensity; but  the  Sieur  Louis  de  Conte  is  a 
Yankee,  not  a  Gascon,  and  the  whole  story  is 
out  of  perspective  and  out  of  drawing. 
Smith,  F.  Hopkinson.  Tom  Grogan.  Hough- 
ton.  $1.50. 

A  story  that  its  author  tells  us  is  founded  on 
fact.  Yet,  notwithstanding,  though  it  opens 
effectively  and  with  promise,  it  seems  sensa- 
tional rather  tha.n  dramatic,  strained  in  effect, 
and  often  false  to  life. 

Wilkins,  Mary  E.  Madelon.  Harper.  $1.25, 
Of  this  we  may  repeat  what  has  been  said  of 
"Tom  Grogan,"  that  it  seemed  impossible  in 
plot  and  sensational  in  action,  and  that  it  dealt 
with  characters,  not  with  men  and  women. 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


"THE   NEW  JOURNALISM"  IN   PUBLIC 
LIBRARIES. 

AT  the  February  meeting  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  the  Newark  (N.  J.)  Free  Public  Li- 
brary, it  was  decided  to  discontinue  the  library 
subscription  to  the  New  York  World  and  the 
New  York  Journal,  and  to  remove  both  papers 
from  the  library  reading-room.  This  action 
was  the  result  of  unanimous  agreement  on  the 
part  of  the  trustees  and  the  librarian  that  both 
the  journals  named  were  definitely  harmful  to 
the  public  on  account  of  their  morbid  sensation- 
alism and  their  exploitation  of  crime  and  im- 
morality. In  a  short  interview  on  the  subject, 
printed  in  the  New  York  Sun  of  Feb.  25,  Mr. 
Hill  and  various  members  of  the  library  board 
are  quoted  as  expressing  strongly  their  belief 
that  the  papers  exerted  a  seriously  injurious  in- 
fluence. As  one  member  of  the  board  put  it : 
"  The  trustees  of  the  Newark  Free  Public  Li- 
brary never  will  and  never  can  perform  a  great- 
er public  service  than  when  they  decide  to  keep 
all  further  issues  of  the  World  and  the  Journal 
out  of  the  library  and  to  burn  the  copies  already 
on  hand.  The  only  thing  they  should  have 
done  that  they  did  not  do  was  to  bury  the  ashes, 
so  that  even  those  could  do  no  more  harm." 

Mr.  Hill  says  that  his  attention  was  first  d  rawn 
to  the  fact  that  young  boys  were  among  the 
most  devoted  readers  of  these  papers,  and  that 
on  examination  he  thought  them  quite  unfit  for 
the  reading-room. 

The  matter  has  been  given  considerable  atten- 
tion by  the  New  York  press,  and  comment  has 
been  uniformly  favorable,  though  the  Jersey 
City  News  regards  the  action  as  "simply  asi- 
nine," and  asserts  that  the  Herald and  the  Sun 
are  quite  as  harmful  as  the  World  and  Journal, 
while  the  Evening  Post  is  "  more  fatal  to  public 
morals  than  the  breath  of  the  upas  is  to  life." 

Public  opinion  concerning  the  matter  is,  how- 
ever, even  better  evidenced  by  the  prompt  way 
in  which  a  number  of  other  libraries  have  fol- 
lowed the  example  set  by  Newark.  The  Free 
Library  of  the  General  Society  of  Mechanics 
and  Tradesmen  of  New  York,  formerly  known 
as  the  Apprentices'  Library,  has  ordered  the 
World  and  the  Journal  removed  from  their  files  ; 
similar  action  has  been  taken  by  the  library  au- 
thorities of  the  New  York  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Library, 
the  New  York  City  Mission  reading-room, 
Princeton  Theological  Seminary,  the  Century 
Club,  Harvard  Club,  and  N.  Y.  Yacht  Club,  of 
New  York,  and  the  Bridgeport  (Ct.)  Public 
Library  ;  in  the  library  of  the  Union  League 
Club  of  New  York  the  two  journals  have  been 
removed  from  the  reading-room  and  are  held 
for  reference  use  only;  while  the  matter  of  dis- 
continuing subscription  to  both  the  World  and 
the  Journal  and  removing  them  from  the  files 
is  being  considered  by  the  authorities  of  the 
Aguilar  Library  and  the  Brooklyn  Library. 
Among  libraries  where  action  similar  to  that  at 
Newark  had  been  previously  taken,  are  the 
Plainfield  (N.  J.)  Public  Library,  the  Hartford 
(Ct.)  Public  Library,  and  the  South  Norwalk 
(Ct.)  Public  Library,  in  each  of  which  the  World 
was  banished  at  the  end  of  1896 ;  none  of 
these  libraries  were  subscribers  to  the  Journal. 


PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS  IN  THE  54TH 
CONGRESS. 

DURING  the  two  sessions  of  the  54th  Congress 
10  bills  relating  to  public  documents  were  pre- 
sented, but  two  of  which  were  of  general  libra- 
ry interest,  and  but  one  of  which,  the  "Ames 
catalog  bill,"  has  become  a  law.  This  bill  pro- 
vides for  the  publication  and  preparation  by 
Dr.  J.  G.  Ames  of  a  "Comprehensive  index" 
similar  to  that  compiled  by  him  for  the  period 
1889-1893,  covering  all  publications  of  the  gov- 
ernment from  1881,  the  date  of  the  Ben:  Perley 
Poore  catalog,  to  1893,  when  Mr.  Crandall's 
"  Document  catalogue  "  begins.  It  was  intro- 
duced in  the  Senate,  as  S.  R.  172,  by  Mr.  Hans- 
brough,  on  Dec.  14,  1896,  and  on  the  next  day 
in  the  House  (H.  R.  211)  by  Mr.  Harmer.  It 
was  never  reported  on  by  the  Senate  committee 
on  printing.  The  House  committee  reported 
it  back  and  it  passed,  the  joint  resolution  being 
signed  by  the  President  on  March  3.  The  bill 
prepared  by  Mr.  F.  A.  Crandall,  superintendent 
of  public  documents,  for  improving  the  methods 
of  printing  and  distributing  the  public  docu- 
ments, has  unhappily  failed  to  pass,  and  must 
be  started  afresh  in  the  new  Congress.  This 
bill(H.  R.  8237)  was  introduced  by  Mr.  Perkins 
April  16,  1896.  It  was  reported  back  by  the 
committee  on  printing,  May  7,  1896,  and  passed 
with  some  amendments,  relating  chiefly  to  the 
binding  of  the  documents.  The  bill  went  to 
the  Senate  May  9,  and  was  referred  to  the 
printing  committee,  by  which  it  was  never  re- 
ported.   

ORGANIZATION  OF  THE  CONGRES- 
SIONAL LIBRARY,  1897-98. 

THE  appropriations  act,  approved  Feb.  19, 
contains  the  law  providing  for  the  management 
of  the  Congressional  Library  during  1897-98. 
It  places  the  salary  of  the  librarian,  "  to  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  ad- 
vice and  consent  of  the  Senate,"  at  $5000,  and 
provides  for  the  appointment  by  the  librarian 
of  a  chief  assistant  librarian  at  $4000,  an  as- 
sistant librarian  (superintendent  of  reading- 
room)  at  $3000,  12  assistants  at  from  $900  to 
$1800,  and  27  assistants,  watchmen,  etc.,  at 
from  $720  to  $900.  In  the  cataloging  depart- 
ment there  will  be  a  chief  of  department  at 
$3000,  and  16  assistants  at  from  $900  to  f  1800 
each;  there  will  also  be  a  superintendent  of  art 
gallery  at  $2000,  and  three  assistants  at  $900 
each;  a  superintendent  of  maps  and  charts  at 
$2000,  and  two  assistants  at  $900  each;  super- 
intendent of  periodicals  at  $1500,  and  three  at- 
tendants at  $720  each;  superintendent  of  manu- 
scripts at  $1500,  and  two  indexers  at  $72oeach; 
superintendent  of  music  department  at  $1500, 
and  three  assistants  at  from  $720  to  $900; super- 
intendent of  congressional  reference  library  at 
the  capitol  at  $1500,  and  two  assistants  at  $750 
and  $900  each  ;  superintendent  of  law  library  at 
$2000,  and  two  assistants  at  $1400  each  ;  in  all 
$92,020.  The  law  establishes  a  copy  right  depart- 
ment in  the  library,  and  provides  for  the  follow- 
ing officers,  under  the  direction  of  the  librarian 
of  congress:  Register  of  copyrights,  at  $3000,  to 


144 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


hold  office  on  and  after  July  r,  1897;  twoclerks 
at  $1800  each  ;  two  clerks  at  $1600  each  ;  three 
clerks  at  $1400  each  ;  10  clerks  at  $1200  each  ; 
10  clerks  at  $900  each  ;  and  two  clerks  at  $720 
each  ;  in  all  $36,440. 

For  the  purchase  of  books,  etc.,  $11.000  are 
allowed,  of  which  $4000  are  for  miscellaneous 
books,  $1500  for  law-books,  $1500  for  reference- 
books  for  the  Supreme  Court,  $1500  for  govern- 
ment exchanges,  and  for  periodicals,  serials, 
and  newspapers,  $3500.  For  contingent  ex- 
penses $500  are  allowed  to  the  library  and  $500 
to  the  copyright  department. 

The  custody,  care,  and  maintenance  of  the 
library  building  and  grounds  is  put  in  charge 
of  a  superintendent,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
President,  "  by  and  with  the  advice  and  con- 
sent of  the  Senate,"  at  $5000,  who  shall  hare 
charge  of  all  disbursements  and  the  employ- 
ment of  all  necessary  employes,  for  which 
$51,440  are  appropriated,  besides  $35,000  for 
fuel,  lights,  repairs,  etc.  This  officer  shall  give 
bonds  for  $30,000.  The  act  further  provides 
that  "  the  officer  now  in  charge  of  the  construc- 
tion of  the  building  [Mr.  B.  R.  Green]  is  here- 
by authorized  and  directed  to  terminate  his 
present  duty  and  assume  the  custody,  care,  and 
maintenance  of  the  said  building  and  grounds 
on  and  after  March  4,  1897,  appoint  the  em- 
ployes under  his  charge,  procure  necessary 
furniture  for  the  said  building,  and  remove 
into  it  the  library."  It  is  also  directed  that 
"  the  librarian  of  congress  shall,  on  and  after 
July  i,  1897,  give  bonds  in  the  sum  of  $20,000 
for  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  accord- 
ing to  law."  ___^_ 

THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY  HAND- 
BOOK.* 

Now  that  the  Library  of  Congress  is  com- 
pleted, its  beauties  of  architecture  and  decora- 
tion have  been  a  topic  of  general  discussion 
and  description  in  the  press  and  in  the  leading 
periodicals.  The  issue  of  what  may  be  called 
the  official  manual  of  the  library  is  therefore 
especially  welcome  at  this  time,  as  giving  in 
compact  and  attractive  form  all  the  essential 
data  as  to  the  library  itself  and  its  magnificent 
new  home.  This  "  Handbook  of  the  Library 
of  Congress"  is  similar  in  style  and  scope  to 
the  excellent  "  Handbook  of  the  Boston  Public 
Library"  issued  last  year  by  the  same  publish- 
ers. Like  that,  it  is  compiled  by  Herbert 
Small,  and  is  especially  rich  in  illustrations  of 
the  representative  decorations  of  the  library 
building,  while  its  arrangement  has  been  so 
planned  as  to  make  it  of  service  as  an  actual 
guide-book,  the  various  features  and  depart- 
ments being  described  as  far  as  possible  in  the 
order  in  which  they  would  appear  to  the 
visitor. 

The  description  of  the  new  building  is  pref- 
aced by  a  short  history  of  the  library,  which  was 


*  Handbook  of  the  new  Library  of  Congress  in  Wash- 
ington; comp.  by  Herbert  Small,  with  essays  on  the  archi- 
tecture, sculpture,  and  painting,  by  Charles  Caffin,  and 
on  the  function  of  a  national  library,  by  Ainsworth  R. 
Spofford.  Boston,  Curtis  &  Cameron,  1897.  128 +  24  P- 
il.  D.  30  c.;  50  c. 


founded  in  1800,  at  about  the  same  time  that  the 
seat  of  government  was  transferred  to  Washing- 
ton. The  small  collection  gathered  during  the 
first  dozen  years  of  its  existence  was,  however, 
lost  when  the  capitol  was  burned  by  the  British 
troops  in  1812,  and  the  library  really  dates 
from  that  year,  when  Thomas  Jefferson  sold 
his  private  library  of  6700  v.  to  the  government 
for  $23,700,  thus  establishing  the  nucleus  of 
the  present  collection  of  some  700,000  books 
and  250,000  pamphlets.  The  history  of  the 
new  building  is  briefly  given,  from  the  time 
the  matter  was  first  presented  to  Congress  by 
Mr.  Spofford  in  his  report  for  1872.  The  first 
act  providing  for  the  construction  of  the  build- 
ing passed  Congress  in  April,  1886,  but  final 
legislation  on  the  subject  was  not  had  until 
March,  1889.  Eight  years  was  the  time  allowed 
for  construction  and  the  total  cost  was  set  at 
$6,245,567.94.  The  building  was  completed  in 
February  of  this  year,  well  within  the  original 
time  limit,  and  at  about  $140,000  below  the 
limit  of  cost.  Mr.  Small  describes  clearly  the 
plan  of  the  building  and  the  details  of  its  ar- 
rangement ;  he  then  takes  up  severally  the 
various  special  features  of  the  exterior,  the  en- 
trance pavilion,  main  entrance  hall,  rotunda, 
book-stacks,  galleries,  pavilions,  reading  and 
special  rooms,  corridors  and  basement,  describ- 
ing decorations  of  each  and  explaining  their 
plan  and  characteristics.  The  book  is  descrip- 
tive and  not  critical,  though  Mr.  Caffin's  essay 
on  ' '  The  architecture,  sculpture,  and  painting  " 
is  a  brief  survey  of  the  decorative  features 
from  the  artistic  point  of  view.  The  illustra- 
tions cover  almost  every  detail  of  the  beautiful 
structure,  from  the  floor  plan  and  the  general 
exterior  view,  to  the  rotunda  clock,  the  series 
of  ethnological  heads  and  the  decorative  feat- 
ures of  staircase,  corridors,  and  galleries.  The 
future  of  the  library  in  its  new  home  is  con- 
sidered by  Mr.  Spofford,  who  in  his  essay  on 
"The  function  of  a  national  library"  outlines 
the  desirable  lines  of  development  and  of 
growth.  While  the  library  should  be  in  name 
and  in  fact  a  national  library,  it  should  be  first 
of  all  a  library  for  the  use  of  Congress,  and  it 
should  always  remain  a  reference  library.  It 
should  be  the  repository  of  all  American  pub- 
lications, however  ephemeral,  and  should  aim 
especially  at  the  collection  of  Americana,  while 
it  should  also,  as  far  as  possible,  be  of  univer- 
sal range  and  of  well-rounded  completeness. 
For  all  these  possibilities  the  new  building 
offers  the  golden  opportunity.;  it  but  remains 
to  make  the  best  and  most  far-sighted  use  of  it. 


THE   BUFFALO   FREE  LIBRARY. 

THE  enabling  act  authorizing  the  city  of 
Buffalo  and  the  managers  of  the  Buffalo  Li- 
brary to  enter  into  a  contract  for  the  admin- 
istration of  the  Buffalo  Library  as  a  free  public 
library,  supported  by  city  appropriation,  was 
introduced  into  the  state  legislature  on  Jan.  27, 
as  already  stated  in  the  L.  j.  (Feb.,  p.  104).  It 
passed  the  assembly  on  Feb.  3,  and  the  senate 
on  Feb.  4,  was  signed  by  Mayor  Jewett,  of 
Buffalo,  on  Feb.  10,  and  by  Governor  Black  on 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Feb.  13.  On  Feb.  15  the  proposed  contract 
was  submitted  to  the  common  council  by  the 
committee  in  charge.  It  provides  for  the  trans- 
fer to  the  city  for  99  years,  with  privilege  of 
renewal,  of  the  library,  consisting  of  about 
84,000  books  and  10,000  pamphlets,  and  its 
revenues,  etc.  The  right  is  reserved  by  the 
library  association  to  sell  any  of  its  real  estate, 
excepting  the  library  building,  and  to  devote 
the  proceeds  to  the  payment  of  its  debts  and 
to  use  the  income  of  anything  remaining  for 
the  benefit  of  the  free  library.  The  contract 
provides  that  the  city  shall  maintain  the  li- 
brary and  provide  for  its  care,  increase,  and 
improvement,  and  shall  make  annual  appropri- 
ation for  the  same.  The  library  is  to  be  man- 
aged by  a  board  of  10  trustees,  to  consist  of 
the  president,  vice-president,  and  three  man- 
agers of  the  Buffalo  Library,  the  mayor,  cor- 
poration counsel,  and  the  superintendent  of 
education,  who  shall  be  members  of  the  board, 
ex-officio,  and  two  citizens  who  shall  complete 
the  board.  The  library  is  to  be  open  12  hours 
on  week-days  and  10  hours  on  Sundays  and 
holidays.  The  cost  of  maintaining  the  library 
is  set  at  $70,000  yearly.  The  contract  was  re- 
ferred to  the  finance  committee,  and  on  Feb.  20 
was  approved  by  the  aldermen;  it  was  ap- 
proved by  the  library  authorities  on  Feb.  24, 
and  on  March  i  was  finally  signed  by  the  may- 
or and  the  library  trustees.  It  is  hoped  that 
by  July  the  library  may  be  opened  to  the  public 
under  the  new  arrangement. 

THE  PEORIA  PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 

THE  new  public  library  building  of  Peoria, 
111.,  was  opened  on  Feb.  n.  It  is  a  three- 
story  edifice,  76  feet  front  by  135  feet  deep,  in 
the  middle  of  a  block  on  Monroe  st.,  nearly 
opposite  the  Government  Building,  ard  faces 
southeast,  toward  the  river.  The  lot  on  which 
it  stands  is  108  feet  front  by  171  feet  in  depth. 
An  alley  at  the  rear  gives  an  open  space  between 
the  lot  line  and  the  building  of  i6feet,  and,  most 
of  the  way,  21  feet,  for  light  and  air,  and  36 
feet  in  the  rear  for  future  extension  of  the  stack- 
room.  The  choice  of  a  location  in  the  middle  of 
a  block  rather  than  on  a  prominent  corner  was 
determined  by  several  considerations  —  the 
cheaper  cost  of  the  land,  the  necessity  of  but 
one  front  instead  of  an  expensive  front  on  two 
streets,  and  greater  freedom  from  the  dust  and 
noise  of  street  traffic.  Electric  cars  running  to 
every  part  of  the  city  pass  within  half  a  block 
on  each  side. 

The  accompanying  view  and  plan  (see  front- 
ispiece) show  the  external  appearance  and  the 
internal  arrangements  of  the  building.  It  is  an 
unpretentious,  plain,  substantial  library  build- 
ing, planned  more  with  a  view  to  library  uses 
than  as  a  city  ornament  to  show  strangers. 
The  lower  story  of  the  front  part  is  of  Lake 
Superior  sandstone,  the  upper  stories  and  the 
rear  of  read  brick  with  stone  trimmings,  the 
roof  of  red  tile. 

In  one  respect  the  history  of  this  library 
building  is  unique.  In  the  spring  of  1865  the 
Mercantile  Library  Association  of  Peoria  raised 


the  sum  of  $13,262.50  by  subscriptions  from  140 
public-spirited  citizens,  with  which  they  pur- 
chased property  for  a  library.  Through  care- 
ful management  and  the  advance  in  values  this 
property  was  sold  Dec.,  1894,  for  enough  to  pay 
for  the  new  library  building,  which  was  made  a 
free  gift  to  the  city  of  Peoria,  the  city  only 
paying  for  the  ground  on  which  it  was  erected 
—  $  16,000.  Not  a  dollar  from  taxation  went 
into  the  building,  which  cost  under  $70,000. 

The  building  is  larger  than  the  present  needs 
of  the  library  require,  in  consequence  of  which 
the  city  school  board  is  permitted  tooccupy  the 
ground  floor  and  the  Peoria  Art  League,  with 
its  picture  gallery,  a  part  of  the  third  floor,  un- 
til wanted  by  the  library. 

The  stack-room ,  which  is  practically  fireproof, 
is  35x64  feet,  five  7^-foot  stories  high,  with 
a  capacity  for  200,000  v. ,  which,  by  an  ex- 
tension to  the  alley,  can  be  doubled  at  slight 
cost  and  without  modifying  the  present  plans. 

A  feature  of  the  library  that  has  attracted 
general  attention  is  the  artistic  scheme  of  mural 
decoration  planned  and  executed  by  two 
Chicago  artists,  F.  C.  Peyraud  and  H.  G.  Ma- 
ratta.  The  Peoria  library  is  said  to  be  the  first 
municipal  building  in  the  west  to  adopt  such 
decoration,  and  the  paintings  have  been  de- 
scribed and  discussed  in  the  periodicals  and 
daily  press  of  Chicago,  New  York,  and  other 
cities.  Most  of  the  rooms  in  the  building  have 
been  tinted  simply  in  colors  to  harmonize  with 
the  woodwork  and  marble  panelling,  and  the 
main  decoration  has  been  confined  to  the 
clerestory  of  the  third  floor.  Here  have  been 
placed  large  allegorical  paintings  representing 
education  in  relation  to  the  arts,  which  form  one 
continuous  series,  set  in  arched  panels  and  di- 
vided by  bas-relief  cartouches  bearing  appro- 
priate inscriptions.  The  oval  ceiling  of  the 
vestibule  has  also  a  symbolical  painting,  while 
on  the  wall  back  of  the  stairway  are  placed  two 
pictures  of  direct  local  association;  one  an  au- 
tumn landscape  of  the  view  to  be  had  from 
Prospect  Heights,  Peoria;  the  other  a  local  set- 
ting, in  which  is  depicted  the  landing  in  1673 
of  Pere  Marquette  and  Louis  Joliet  on  the  spot 
where  Peoria  now  stands. 


American  Cibrarg  Association. 


President:  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
Cleveland,  O. 

Secretary:  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Columbus, 
O. 

Treasurer:  C:  K.  Bolton,  Public  Library, 
Brookline,  Mass. 

19  TH  GENERAL  CONFERENCE,  PHIL  A  DEL- 
PHI  A,  JUNE  2i  -  25, 1897- 

THE  committee  on  program  for  the  Philadel- 
phia meeting  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion have,  in  conjunction  with  the  Philadelphia 
local  committee,  so  far  perfected  the  arrange- 
ments for  the  Philadelphia  meeting  that  they 
are  able  to  announce  the  following  preliminary 
program.  As  is  already  known  the  executive 
board,  at  their  meeting  in  Philadelphia  in  De- 


146 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[Afarch,  '97 


cember,  decided  to  hold  the  annual  meeting  in 
Philadelphia,  from  the  2ist  to  the  25th  of  June, 
inclusive. 

PROGRAM. 

June  21,  Monday  evening.  —  Social  meeting 
at  Historical  Society. 

June  22,  Tuesday  morning.  —  President's  ad- 
dress; Reports  of  officers;  Reports  of  commit- 
tees, and  other  special  reports. 

June  22,  Tuesday  afternoon.  —  Library  legis- 
lation; Public  documents;  Travelling  libraries. 

June  22,  Tuesday  evening.  —  Public  meeting  ; 
Addresses  by  Dr.  Wm.  Pepper,  Mr.  Henry 
Howard  Furness,  Dr.  Talcott  Williams,  Agnes 
Repplier,  and  others. 

June  23,  Wednesday  morning.  —  Two  pro- 
grams will  be  provided,  in  different  halls,  one 
treating  of  college  and  advanced  library  work, 
the  other  dealing  with  elementary  library 
practice. 

June  23,  Wednesday  afternoon.  —  Ride  to 
Wissahickon. 

June  23,  Wednesday  evening.  —  Reception 
and  organ  concert  at  Drexel  Institute. 

June  24,  Thursday  morning.  —  Continuation 
of  the  program  of  Wednesday  morning. 

June  24,  Thursday  afternoon.  —  Books  of  the 
year;  Meeting  of  Trustees'  Section;  Election 
of  officers. 

June  24,  Thursday  evening.  —  Addresses  by 
an  educator,  a  writer,  and  a  librarian. 

June  25,  Friday  morning.  —  Miscellaneous  pa- 
pers. 

June  25,  Friday  afternoon.  —  Departure  for 
European  trip  and  American  post-conference 
excursion. 

It  is  thought  best  not  to  announce  any  names 
until  all  have  been  arranged  for.  We  hope  to 
present,  not  later  than  next  month,  a  complete 
program.  The  work  of  making  the  arrange- 
ments in  Philadelphia  is  in  the  hands  of  the 
local  committee,  of  which  Mr.  Thomson,  of  the 
Free  Libraries,  is  chairman.  In  addition  to  the 
announcements  contained  in  the  program,  ar- 
rangements are  substantially  completed  for  an 
American  post-conference  excursion  which  will 
include  a  visit  to  the  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
WILLIAM  H.  BRETT,  President; 
RUTHERFORD  P.  HAYES,  Secretary  ; 

Program  Committee. 

ENGLISH  POST-CONFERENCE.  JUNE  26- 
,  1897. 


THE  European  trip  committee  has  issued  the 
following  circular  : 

At  the  Cleveland  Conference  of  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association  an  invitation  to  an  in- 
ternational meeting  in  London  in  July,  1897, 
was  received  from  the  Library  Association  of 
the  United  Kingdom.  This  invitation  was  ac- 
cepted and  a  committee  appointed  to  make  ar- 
rangements for  the  trip. 

It  is  hoped  and  expected  that  there  will  be  a 
large  attendance  of  leading  American  librari- 
ans, trustees,  and  others  engaged  in  library 
work.  The  following  have  already  expressed 
an  intention  of  attending  the  conference 
Messrs.  Justin  Winsor,  Melvil  Dewey,  Herbert 
Putnam,  F.  P.  Hill,  G.  W.  Cole,  W.  S.  Biscoe, 


E.  M.  Barton,  F.  B.  Gay,  and  Misses  H.  P. 
James,  M.  Francis,  K.  E.  Sanborn,  C.  A.  Far- 
ey,  Mrs.  M.  H.  Curran,  and  the  committee. 

The  conference  and  excursion  will  afford  an 
excellent  opportunity  to  become  acquainted 
with  the  leading  English  librarians  and  library 
methods,  and  to  strengthen  the  bonds  which 
already,  through  our  common  history  and  lit- 
erature, bind  together  ihe  two  great  English- 
speaking  countries.  The  committee  have 
realized  that  many  of  those  participating  will 
be  visiting  England  for  the  first,  and  perhaps 
the  only,  time,  and  have  therefore  included  in 
the  itinerary  as  many  places  of  historic  and 
literary  interest  as  possible. 

By  vote  of  the  American  Library  Association 
all  members  of  the  Association  and  their  im- 
mediate families  can  join  the  excursion,  but 
the  registration  of  other  persons,  not  eligible  to 
membership  in  the  Library  Association  on  the 
ground  of  their  being  engaged  in  library  work, 
is  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  committee. 

ITINERARY. 

June  26,  Saturday.  A.M.  leave  Boston  on 
the  Cunard  steamship  Cephalonia. 

July  5  or  6,  Monday  or  Tuesday.  Arrive  at 
Liverpool. 

July  7,  Wednesday.  In  Liverpool  (Public  Li- 
brary, Walker  art  gallery).  P.M.  to  Man- 
chester. 

July  8,  Thursday.  In  Manchester  (Public 
library  and  branches,  Earl  Spencer  library). 
Evening  to  Birmingham. 

July  9,  Friday.     In  Birmingham  (libraries). 

July  10,  Saturday.  Kenilworth,  Warwick, 
Stratford,  and  to  Leamington. 

July  it,  Sunday.  In  Leamington  (an  attrac- 
tive watering-place). 

July  12,  Monday.     A.M.  to  London. 

July  13-16.  Tuesday  to  Friday.  In  London 
(International  conference  of  librarians,  visits  to 
London  libraries,  etc.). 

July  17-23.  English  post-conference,  under 
the  conduct  of  the  Library  Association  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  probably  visiting  Salisbury 
(spend  Sunday),  Stonehenge,  Wells,  Glaston- 
bury,  Cardiff,  Bristol,  Bath,  and  Reading, 
reaching  Oxford  Friday  evening,  July  23. 

July  24,  Saturday.  In  Oxford  (Bodleian  Li- 
brary, colleges). 

July  25,  Sunday.     In  Oxford  or  London. 

July  26-30.  In  London  or  elsewhere,  as 
suits  individual  tastes. 

July  31,  Saturday.  A.M.  to  Cambridge  (Uni- 
versity Library,  Public  Library,  colleges). 

August  i,  Sunday.     In  Cambridge. 

August  2,  Monday.  To  Ely  (cathedral),  Lin- 
coln (cathedral),  and  Sheffield. 

Augusts,  Tuesday.  In  Sheffield  (Public  li- 
brary). 

August  4,  Wednesday.  To  Leeds  (Public  li- 
brary) and  York. 

August  5,  Thursday.  In  York  (cathedral, 
city  walls  and  gates,  Roman  remains). 

August  6,  Friday.  To  Durham  (cathedral) 
and  Newcastle  (libraries). 

August  7,  Saturday.  To  Melrose  Abbey, 
Abbotsford,  Dryburgh  Abbey,  and  Edinburgh, 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


August  8,  9,  Sunday  and  Monday.  In  Edin- 
burgh (old  and  new  town,  libraries,  museums, 
Holyrood). 

August  10,  Tuesday.  To  Glasgow,  via  Stir- 
ling (castle),  Trossachs,  and  Loch  Katrine. 

August  II,  Wednesday.  In  Glasgow  (libra- 
ries). P.M.  to  Liverpool. 

August  12,  Thursday.  A.M.  in  Liverpool  or 
Chester.  P.M.  sail. 

August  22,  Sunday.     Due  at  Boston. 

TRAVEL  ARRANGEMENTS. 

All  travelling  arrangements  have  been  placed 
in  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Henry  Gaze  &  Sons' 
tourist  agency,  whose  wide  experience  guaran- 
tees the  comfort  of  the  party.  Mr.  H.  E. 
Davidson,  of  the  Library  Bureau,  will  act  for 
the  committee  and  have  direct  charge  of  the 
excursion. 

The  cost  of  the  whole  trip,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  two  weeks  from  July  17  to  31,  will 
be  $290. 

This  sum  covers  all  ocean  and  railroad  travel 
and  hotel  accommodations  and  transfer  from 
railroad  station  to  hotel  when  necessary.  On 
the  steamer  the  rate  is  on  the  basis  of  four  per- 
sons in  a  room,  outside  rooms.  A  few  inside 
rooms,  accommodating  only  two  in  a  room, 
can  be  had  at  the  same  price.  If  outside 
rooms  are  occupied  by  three  persons,  an  extra 
charge  for  each  person  of  $15  each  way  will  be 
made,  and  if  by  two  persons,  an  extra  charge 
of  $25  each.  No  organized  sight-seeing  under 
the  charge  of  the  tourist  agents  in  the  fashion 
of  so-called  personally  conducted  tours  will  be 
arranged  for,  with  the  exception  of  the  day  in 
Warwickshire,  the  day  at  Melrose,  etc.,  and  the 
day  in  the  Scotch  lakes.  75  pounds  of  personal 
baggage,  besides  hand  baggage,  will  be  carried 
free.  Surplus  trunks  and  heavy  ocean  cloth- 
ng  can  be  stored  at  Liverpool  until  the  return. 
It  should  be  stated  that  the  cost  is  higher  than 
was  expected  because  all  ocean  rates  have  been 
advanced  this  season. 

Tickets  will  be  good  to  return  during  one 
year  on  any  steamer  of  the  Cunard  line  on  the 
basis  of  f  75  accommodations.  Notice  of  the 
time  when  one  wishes  to  return  should  be  given 
as  early  as  possible. 

The  two  weeks  from  July  17  to  31,  not 
covered  in  the  above  arrangement,  include 
one  week  which  may  be  spent  with  the  English 
post-conference  excursion  and  a  second  week 
which  may  be  spent  in  London  or  elsewhere 
as  each  one  pleases.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
expenses  of  these  two  weeks  and  minor  expen- 
ses of  the  remainder  of  the  trip  need  not  ex- 
ceed $75,  although  a  larger  amount  should  be 
taken  to  cover  contingencies. 

REGISTRATION. 

Notice  of  intention  to  join  the  party  must  be 
received  by  April  i,  or  it  may  not  be  possible 
to  provide  accommodations,  as  the  time  of  sail- 
ing is  precisely  when  the  steamers  are  most 
crowded. 

Berths  will  be  assigned  in  the  order  in  which 
applications  are  received.  Promptness  will 
secure  the  first  choice  of  accommodations. 


Persons  who  have  decided  to  go  are  re- 
quested not  to  delay  registration  in  order  to 
make  choice  of  room-mates,  but  to  send  their 
deposit  at  once  and  arrange  such  details  as 
soon  as  possible  thereafter. 

'I  he  blank  enclosed  with  circular  should  be 
illed  out  at  once  and  sent  to  the  Library  Bureau 
with  a  deposit  of  $25  for  each  person.  If  incon- 
venient to  make  the  full  deposit  of  $25  at  once, 
a  remittance  of  $5  will  secure  registration,  but 
the  balance  of  the  $25  must  be  sent  before  April 
I.  The  remainder  of  the  full  cost  of  the  trip 
must  be  paid  before  June  5,  or  state-rooms  will 
not  be  held.  Make  checks  payable  to  the  Li- 
brary Bureau. 

SUMMARY. 

Cost  of  trip,  excluding  July  17  to  31,  $290. 
The  fortnight  from  July  17  to  31,  and  other 
necessary  expenses,  from  $75  upwards. 

Extra  charge  for  extra  accommodations  on 
steamer  as  above. 

Deposit  of  $25  to  be  sent  before  April  I  to 
the  Library  Bureau. 

Address  all  correspondence  to  H.  E.  David- 
son, Library  Bureau,  146  Franklin  St.,  Boston. 
WILLIAM  C.  LANE,  Boston,  Chairman. 
GARDNER  M.  JONES,  Salem,  Secretary. 
WM.  I.  FLETCHER,  Amherst,  Mass. 
Miss  C.  M.  HEWINS,  Hartford,  Ct. 
Miss  M.  W.  PLUMMER,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

European  Trip  Committee. 
BOSTON,  March  i,  1897. 

PUBLISHING  SECTION. 
PRINTED    CATALOG    CARDS. 

THE  Publishing  Section  has  issued  the  fol- 
lowing announcement: 

The  circular  sent  out  in  December,  1896,  of- 
fering to  furnish  printed  catalog  cards,  to  be 
selected  by  the  purchaser  from  an  advanced  list 
of  titles,  has  brought  so  few  responses  that  the 
Publishing  Section  will  not  attempt  at  present 
to  carry  out  this  plan,  but  will  continue,  as 
heretofore,  to  print  cards  for  the  current  books 
as  published,  and  receive  subscriptions  for  the 
whole  set.  To  assure  the  continuance  of  this 
work  on  a  satisfactory  basis  it  is  very  desirable 
that  the  number  of  subscribers  should  be  fur- 
ther increased. 

It  is  possible  that  the  Publishing  Section  can 
perform  an  acceptable  service  by  providing 
catalog  cards  for  articles  contained  in  certain 
periodicals,  society  transactions,  or  books  of  a 
composite  nature,  such  as 

One  hundred  years  of  American  commerce, 

edited  by  C.  M.  Depew. 
Biographies  reprinted  from  the  Times. 
'    Bulletin  and  Memoirs  of  the  Museum  of 

Comparative  ZoOlogy. 
Annual  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Ethnology, 

The  secretary  would  be  glad  to  have  advice 
and  suggestions  on  this  point  from  librarians, 
and  to  receive  lists  of  such  publications  for 
which  libraries  would  like  to  have  printed  cata- 
log cards  sent  to  them. 

W.  C.  LANE,  Secretary 
BOSTON    ATHBN/F.UM,  1 
February,  1897.      f 


148 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


Gtutc    tibvarn  (TommiGGions. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

THE  Massachusetts  commission  has  issued 
its  seventh  annual  report  (40  p.  O.).  covering 
the  work  accomplished  in  1896.  Evidently,  so 
far  as  theestablishing  of  libraries  is  concerned, 
it  will  not  be  long  beiore  the  commission  finds 
its  occupation  gone,  for  there  are  now  but  19 
towns  in  the  state  that  are  without  a  free  li- 
brary. Of  these,  two  have  the  free  use  of 
adjacent  libraries,  and  of  the  remaining  17  four 
or  five  are  maturing  plans  for  the  formation  of 
a  library,  while  in  nearly  all  the  others  there 
are  good  association  libraries.  But  there  is  no 
lack  of  other  directions  in  which  the  commis- 
sion is  of  direct  helpfulness  to  the  libraries, 
and  its  work  as  a  supervising  and  advisory 
body  shows  no  sign  of  diminishing.  Requests 
for  advice  and  information  have  been  received 
not  only  from  residents  of  the  state,  but  from 
p:rsons  all  over  the  country,  while  a  number 
of  inquirers  have  remained  anonymous,  pre- 
ferring "that  even  their  names  or  the  localities 
they  designed  to  benefit  should  be  unknown  to 
the  members  of  the  commission."  "There  is 
hardly  a  detail  relative  to  the  selection  of  a  site, 
the  plan,  the  material  for  construction,  the 
heating,  lighting,  ventilation,  the  external 
ornamentation  or  the  interior  finish,  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  rooms,  the  shelving  and  the 
manifold  conveniences  for  the  economic  and 
systematic  administration  of  a  library  building 
that  has  not  been  the  subject  of  frequent  in- 
quiry," while  information  as  to  selection,  pur- 
chase, classification,  and  arrangement  of  books, 
methods  of  work  with  the  schools,  extension  of 
reference  work,  co-operation  with  clubs  and 
associations,  and  means  of  raising  the  standard 
of  reading,  is  constantly  sought.  During  the 
year  four  towns  have  been  supplied  with  books 
under  the  act  of  1890,  three  towns  have  received 
books  under  the  act  of  1892,  and  one  town  (Peru) 
has  been  given  books  under  the  special  act  of 
1896  to  replace  its  library,  which  was  destroyed 
by^fire.  The  18  travelling  libraries  of  the  Wom- 
an's Education  Association  are  among  the 
most  valuable  auxiliaries  of  the  commission. 
The  record  of  gifts  and  bequests  to  Massachu- 
setts libraries  during  1896  includes  16  cities  or 
towns. 

Besides  its  summary  of  work  accomplished, 
the  report  contains  a  useful  precis  of  "state 
effort  to  establish  free  libraries,"  giving  the  laws 
now  existing  in  the  various  states  with  a  note 
on  legislation  now  pending,  and  a  suggestive 
account  of  "  the  use  of  libraries  by  children," 
with  hints  for  strengthening  the  relations  be- 
tween libraries  and  schools.  The  record  of 
library  legislation  is  an  especially  valuable 
feature  and  should  be  widely  useful.  Ap- 
pended are  the  usual  "  Roll  of  honor,"  listing 
givers  of  free  library  buildings  in  Massachu- 
setts, and  the  library  laws  of  the  state. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

NEW  YORK  :  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION.  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 

WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Mil- 
waukee. 


State  Cibrarg  Associations. 

LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL  CALI- 
FORNIA. 

President :  J.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

COL ORA DO  LIBRA RY  A SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary :  Herbert  E.  Richie,  City  Library, 
Denver. 

Treasurer :  J.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

THE  February  meeting  of  the  association  was 
held  at  Boulder  on  the  I2th.  The  best  part  of 
the  day  was  spent  by  the  visiting  members  in 
inspecting  the  state  university  and  particu- 
larly its  library,  which  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  A. 
E.  Whitaker,  president  of  the  association,  who 
was  our  guide  and  instructor. 

The  meeting  proper  was  held  in  the  Congre- 
gational church  with  a  large  and  much  inter- 
ested audience  present. 

The  program  was  arranged  with  the  idea  of 
creating  public  interest  in  the  question  of 
establishing  a  public  library  in  Boulder,  and 
the  Rev.  Charles  Caverno  first  addressed  the 
meeting  on  that  subject.  Dr.  Caverno  was  of 
the  opinion  that  when  the  citizens  of  a  town 
wanted  a  library  the  way  to  get  it  was  to  start 
right  to  work  and  do  it  without  any  red  tape 
or  preliminaries.  He  therefore  introduced  a 
resolution  to  the  effect  that  the  Colorado  Li- 
brary Association  select  a  committee  of  citizens 
to  canvass  the  town  and  consider  ways  and 
means  of  organizing.  This  committee,  consist- 
ing of  five  members,  was  duly  appointed  and 
instructed  to  report  at  a  public  meeting  to  be 
called  by  them  on  or  before  May  I,  1897. 

Mr.  G.  M.  Lee,  the  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  legislation,  then  made  a  report  on  the 
progress  of  the  bill  now  pending  to  establish  a 
state  library  commission.  Mr.  Lee's  report 
was  highly  encouraging  although  not  certain 
for  the  passage  of  the  bill. 

Mr.  J.  C.  Dana  then  spoke  on  the  subject 
"A  library  building  for  a  growing  town."  Mr. 
Dana  exhibited  a  set  of  building  plans  drawn 
with  the  view  of  starting  on  a  small  scale  and 
occupying  only  a  part  of  the  building  and  using 


March,  '97] 


THE  LI3RARY 


*49 


more  as  growth  demanded,  the  remaining  por- 
tion of  the  building  being  suitable  for  offices  or 
stores.  After  a  discussion  of  these  plans  the 
meeting  adjourned. 

H.  E.  RICHIE,  Secretary. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Haitford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Library  Bureau,  125  Franklin  street,  Chicago 
111. 

IOWA  LIBRARY  SOCIETY. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary  :  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MA  SSA  CHUSE  TTS  LIBRA  R  Y  CL  UB. 

President :  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Secretary:  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer :  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

LIST  OF   SELECT   FICTION. 

THE  special  committee  on  the  "Lists  of  se- 
lect fiction  "  has  sent  the  following  letter  to  the 
various  state  and  local  library  associations  and 
clubs: 

Some  time  ago  the  Massachusetts  Library 
Club  sent  out  a  series  of  questions  regarding 
the  "  Lists  of  select  fiction,"  which  it  pub- 
lished for  the  year  Sept.,  iSgs-Aug.,  1896. 

The  answers  to  these  questions  showed  that 
the  lists  were  helpful  to  many  libraries  and 
worth  being  continued.  The  club  has  not  the 
money  to  do  this  work  alone,  and,  therefore, 
appointed  a  special  committee  to  learn  if  the 
other  library  associations  and  individuals  were 
disposed  to  co-operate  with  the  club,  especially 
as  to  expense. 

Will  your  association  be  willing  to  give  for 
this  purpose  $10  or  more  a  year  for  three 
years?  Of  course  if  the  lists  could  be  made  to 


pay  for  themselves  after  the  first  year  the 
amount  guaranteed  by  your  association  for 
the  remaining  two  years  would  not  be  called 
for. 

If  the  executive  board  of  your  association 
has  not  the  power  to  do  this,  will  you  present 
the  question  at  the  next  meeting  and  report  as 
early  as  possible  ? 

NINA  E.  BROWNE. 
HILLER  C.  WELLMAN, 
GARDNER  M.  JONES, 

Committee. 
BOSTON  ATHEN.TUM,  ( 
March,  1897.         ) 

NEXT  MEETING. 

The  next  meeting  of  the  club  will  probably 
be  held  in  Boston  in  April,  and  will  take  up 
the  subject  of  book  illustration  in  various 
phases. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary:  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer 
sity,  Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  MaryL.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  J:  B.  Thompson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Secretary:  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

FIRST  JOINT  MEETING  WITH  PENNSYLVANIA  LIBRA- 
RY  CLUB,   ATLANTIC  CITY,   APRIL  $-6,  1897. 

THE  first  joint  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey 
and  Pennsylvania  Library  Associations  will  be 
held  at  Atlantic  City,  Monday  and  Tuesday, 
April  5-6,  1897.  From  returns  already  received 
the  attendance  will  be  over  100. 

After  consultation  with  the  Atlantic  City 
local  committee  the  following  announcement 
is  made  : 

The  P.  R.  R.  has  been  selected  for  the  official 
route,  and  the  rate  of  fare  will  be  : 

From  N.  Y.  to  Atlantic  City  and  return  $5.00. 

From  Phila.  "         "       "         "         1.75. 

Special  cars  for  exclusive  use  of  members 
will  be  attached  to  train  leaving  N.  Y.  Satur- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


[March,  '97 


day,  April  3,  1:50  p.m.,  Phila.  4  p.m.,  and 
Monday  if  time  of  departure  is  given  to  the 
secretaries. 

The  Grand  Atlantic  Hotel,  Virginia  Ave 
and  the  beach,  will  be  the  headquarters.  This 
hotel  has  accommodation  for  700,  and  gives 
the  associations  the  use  of  its  hall  with  seat 
ing  capacity  of  200.  Rates  :  one  day  or  less. 
$2.50;  Saturday  to  Tuesday,  or  any  other 
three  days,  $2.25  per  day;  week,  $15. 

The  Atlantic  City  reception  committee,  o 
which  Mayor  Stoy  is  president  and  Mr.  Scull 
secretary,  will  attend  to  the  welfare  of  the 
party,  and  on  Monday  evening  the  associations 
will  be  received  by  the  mayor;  a  business  ses- 
sion will  follow.  Tuesday,  at  9:30  a.m.,  a  sec- 
ond session  will  be  held,  the  party  leaving  on 
p.m.  trains. 

The  following  are  among  the  topics  to  be 
discussed:  "What  the  state  could  do  for  free 
public  libraries,"  "  Some  aims  and  prospects 
of  the  Princeton  University  Library,"  "  The 
effect  of  a  free  public  library  on  the  commu- 
nity," and  "  The  public  library  and  the  child." 

Librarians  who  may  not  be  members  of  either 
association  are  cordially  invited  to  attend  this 
meeting  and  take  part  in  the  deliberations. 
Atlantic  City  is  at  its  best  in  April.  Any  one 
who  intends  to  be  present  should  send  name  to 
Beatrice  Winser,  public  librarian,  Newark,  or 
Mary  P.  Farr,  Public  Library,  Philadelphia. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCfA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary:  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton, 

Treasurer :  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  W:  R.  Watson,  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 


WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

THE  sixth  annual  conference  of  the  Wiscon- 
sin Library  Association  was  held  at  Milwaukee, 
Wis.,  on  Feb.  22  and  23,  1897.  The  following 
libraries  were  represented  :  Appleton,  Ash- 
land, Beaver  Dam,  Beloit,  Eau  Claire,  Fond 
du  Lac,  Fort  Atkinson,  Grand  Rapids,  Green 
Bay,  Janesville,  Madison,  Menomonie,  Mon- 
roe, Oconomowoc,  Oshkosh,  Sheboygan,  Two 
Rivers,  Wauwatosa,  West  Superior  ;  the  State 
Historical  and  University  libraries  of  Madi- 
son, Wis.;  the  Whitewater,  Platteville,  and 
Stevens  Point  normal  schools;  the  Armour  In- 
stitute of  Technology  ;  the  Public  Library  of 
Chicago  ;  and  the  Evanston  (111.)  Public  Li- 
brary. The  State  Federation  of  Women'sClubs, 
the  Woman's  School  Alliance,  and  the  National 
Household  Economic  Association,  were  rep- 
resented by  a  number  of  delegates. 

The  sessions  were  opened  in  the  large  refer- 
ence-room with  an  address  of  welcome  by  J. 
M.  Pereles,  president  of  the  Milwaukee  Public 
Library  board,  to  which  response  was  made  by 
F.  A.  Hutchins,  president  of  the  association. 
Mr.  Hutchins  then  made  a  talk  on  "Travelling 
libraries  in  Wisconsin."  Mr.  Hutchins  stated 
that  Senator  Stout's  libraries  had  become  so 
popular  that  the  original  16  travelling  libraries 
had  been  increased  to  36  —  the  number  of  books 
in  the  last  10  purchased  having  been  increased 
from  30  to  40  books  each,  the  additions  being 
mainly  copies  of  children's  books.  The  talk 
was  illustrated  with  a  sample  library  and  photo- 
graphs of  the  localities  to  which  the  books  are 
sent. 

Mr.  Hutchins  was  followed  by  Miss  Janet 
M.  Green,  secretary  of  the  Northern  Wiscon- 
sin Travelling  Library  Association,  who  read  a, 
paper  on  the  work  done  by  that  organization. 
The  association  has  received  donations  from 
all  parts  of  the  country  and  is  in  a  prosperous 
condition.  Much  interest  is  evinced  in  the 
work  in  the  northern  counties. 

The  secretary  read  a  letter  from  the  librarian 
of  one  of  the  Witter  travelling  libraries  in 
Wood  county,  expressing  great  appreciation 
of  the  donor's  kindness. 

Miss  M.  L.  Clark,  vice-president  for  Wis- 
consin of  the  National  Household  Economic 
Association,  read  the  resolutions  passed  at  the 
recent  session  of  that  body,  endorsing  the 
travelling  library  movement  and  pledging  co- 
operation in  the  movement  as  the  best  means 
For  diffusing  literature  on  sanitary  and  house- 
lold  subjects  in  the  rural  districts. 

"  Travelling  pictures  "  was  the  subject  of  an 
nteresting   paper  by  Miss  Mary    E.  Tanner, 
eacher  of  drawing  at  the  Stevens   Point  Nor- 
mal School.     Miss  Tanner  explained  ways  of 
mounting  the  pictures,  and  exhibited  a  number 
of  pictures  similar  to  those  now  being  circu- 
ated  in  Wood  county.     Miss  Tanner's  illustra- 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


tions  were  reinforced  by  an  exhibition  by  Mrs. 
W.  W.  Sherman,  of  Milwaukee,  of  large  pho- 
tographs suitable  for  such  purposes. 

Senator  J.  H.  Stout,  of  Menomonie,  Wis., 
opened  the  general  discussion  of  travelling  li- 
braries and  pictures.  Senator  Stout  referred 
to  the  bill  now  pending  in  the  state  legislature, 
which  provides  for  an  increased  appropriation 
for  the  use  of  the  state  library  commission, 
and  stated  that  it  was  hoped  to  start  a  state 
system  of  travelling  libraries  in  the  near  fut- 
ure. Senator  Stout  advocated  the  organiza- 
tion of  associations  in  the  country  districts  for 
the  discussion  of  such  topics  as  "  good  roads," 
as  he  considered  good  roads  to  be  an  important 
factor  in  the  furtherance  of  the  travelling  li- 
brary movement.  Mr.  Stout  was  followed  by 
Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  Madison,  Wis.,  and  Rev.  S.  E. 
Lathrop,  of  Ashland. 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  afternoon's  ad- 
dresses the  80  delegates  from  out  of  town  were 
invited  to  gather  around  two  large  round  ta- 
bles, upon  which  supper  was  served  by  the 
members  of  the  Milwaukee  Library  Round 
Table.  Opportunity  was  given  for  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  library  before  the  opening  of  the 
evening  session,  which  was  devoted  to  the 
trustees'  section,  and  presided  over  by  Dr.  E. 
A.  Birge,  trustee  of  the  city  library  at  Madison. 
In  opening  the  discussion,  Dr.  Birge  alluded 
to  the  rapid  growth  of  the  association  and  the 
increasing  interest  taken  in  its  sessions.  He 
spoke  of  the  education  the  trustees  and  libra- 
rians were  receiving  through  the  discussions 
at  the  annual  meetings,  and  stated  that  things 
had  not  been  going  so  well  for  the  lazy  trustee 
and  the  indifferent  librarian  since  the  organi- 
zation of  the  association.  Communities  were 
becoming  aroused  to  the  importance  of  the 
part  libraries  may  take  in  the  education  of  the 
people,  which  fact  augured  well  for  the  further 
advancement  of  library  interests. 

Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  founder  of  the  Vaughn 
Library  at  Ashland,  Wis.,  then  spoke  on  the 
"  Responsibility  of  the  trustee  to  the  library." 
Mrs.  Vaughn  made  a  plea  for  sympathetic  in- 
terest in  the  library  on  the  part  of  the  trustee, 
and  also  urged  the  appointment  of  trained  libra- 
rians at  the  head  of  small  libraries,  thus  reliev- 
ing trustees  from  much  of  the  Ubor  involved 
in  the  management  of  the  library.  Dr.  Peck- 
ham,  of  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library,  spoke 
from  the  dual  capacity  of  trustee  and  librarian, 
having  been  a  member  of  the  Milwaukee  library 
board  for  many  years  before  assuming  the  posi- 
tion of  librarian.  Dr.  Peckham  stated  that  a 
distinct  line  should  be  drawn  between  the  work 
of  the  trustee  and  the  work  of  the  librarian. 
The  librarian  should  be  in  every  sense  the 
executive  officer  of  the  library,  the  board  de- 
termining the  general  policy  of  the  institu- 
tion. 

Dr.  Peckham  was  followed  by  the  Hon.  John 
Johnston,  trustee  of  the  Milwaukee  Library. 
Mr.  Johnston  said  that  the  dutv  of  library 
trustees  was  plain;  that  they  should  first  select 
the  best  librarian  to  be  found  and  then  let  him 
do  as  he  pleased. 

Dr.  Birge  then  called  upon  Col.  J.  W.  Thomp- 


son, president  of  the  Illinois  State  Library  As- 
sociation and  trustee  of  the  Evanston  (111.) 
Public  Library.  Col.  Thompson  stated  that 
the  relation  between  the  trustee  and  librarian 
should  be  that  of  mutual  confidence  and  cor- 
diality; that  there  should  be  oneness  of  effort 
and  oneness  of  aim. 

Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  reference  librarian  of 
the  Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  then  read 
a  most  comprehensive  paper  on  "Library  train- 
ing schools."  In  the  discussion  following,  Dr. 
Birge,  as  one  of  the  directors  of  the  University 
Summer  School,  paid  a  high  tribute  to  the  able 
manner  in  which  the  Library  Summer  School 
had  been  conducted  by  Miss  Katharine  L. 
Sharp,  of  Chicago. 

Mrs.  Chas.  S.  Morris,  president  of  the  State 
Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  then  read  a  paper 
which  had  been  deferred  from  the  afternoon 
meeting,  on  "Travelling  libraries  and  study 
clubs."  Mrs.  Morris's  paper  was  one  of  the 
best  of  the  conference.  It  referred  to  the 
efforts  being  made  by  the  clubs  in  Wisconsin 
for  the  establishment  of  travelling  reference 
libraries,  and  pledged  the  heartiest  co-operation 
in  the  state  travelling  library  movement.  One 
of  the  first  committees  to  be  appointed  by  the 
new  federation  was  that  on  library  co-opera- 
tion. 

The  session  on  Tuesday  motning  partook  of 
the  nature  of  a  round  table  conference  and  was 
opened  by  a  paper  on  the  "  Wisconsin  summer 
school  of  library  science,"  written  by  Miss  Mar- 
garet G.  Pierce,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  read 
by  the  secretary.  Miss  Pierce  spoke  of  the 
school  as  inspiring  new  ideals,  its  sessions  be- 
ing deemed  of  the  utmost  helpfulness  to  those 
experienced  and  inexperienced  in  the  library 
profession. 

Miss  Sue  C.  Nichols,  of  Fort  Atkinson, 
Wis.,  then  made  a  talk  on  the  question  "  Shall 
we  give  access  to  shelves?"  A  vote  taken 
after  the  discussion  showed  that  a  large  ma- 
jority of  the  librarians  present  allowed  patrons 
to  help  themselves. 

Mrs.  Sarah  H.  Miner,  Madison,  Wis.,  then 
opened  the  discussion  of  "  The  two-book  sys- 
tem "  by  a  comprehensive  paper  on  the  methods 
and  purposes  of  the  modern  innovation.  In 
small  libraries  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  limit 
borrowers  to  one  work  of  fiction  at  a  time,  and 
the  general  opinion  was  in  favor  of  restrict- 
ing the  privilege  to  adults,  to  prevent  over- 
reading  on  the  part  of  the  children. 

Miss  Mary  J.  Doolittle,  Beaver  Dam,  Wis., 
advocated  the  purchase  of  duplicates  of  the 
best  books,  rather  than  an  attempt  to  get  a 
variety  of  mediocre  literature. 

Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh,  of  the  Mil- 
waukee Public  Library,  made  a  plea  for  the 
purchase  of  many  good  popular  novels  and 
protested  against  attempts  at  keep'ng  down  the 
percentage  of  fiction  to  the  detriment  of  the  li- 
brary's popularity  among  hard-working  people. 

"  Foreign  fiction  in  small  libraries"  was  the 
subject  of  an  interesting  paper  by  Miss  Lucy 
Lee  Pleasants,  of  the  Menasha  Public  Library. 
Miss  Pleasants  urged  the  purchase  of  books 
for  the  foreign  population  in  their  native 


152 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


[Marcft,  '97 


tongue  on  the  pleas  of  taxation  and  public  hap- 
piness. 

In  "  A  diffident  child's  first  visit  to  a  library  " 
Miss  Minnie  M.  Oakley,  Madison,  Wis.,  al- 
lowed the  child  to  speak  for  herself,  and  she 
told  in  an  entertaining  way  of  her  visits  to  the 
"Centerburg,"  Beaver  Dam,  Milwaukee,  Min- 
neapolis, and  Jamestown  (N.  Y.)  public  li- 
braries and  of  the  receptions  she  was  accorded 
at  each. 

The  question-box  was  then  opened  and  found 
to  contain  questions  on  the  best  magazine  bind- 
ings, hours  of  opening,  reservation  of  books, 
etc.,  etc.,  the  questions  being  answered  by  the 
committee  of  the  whole. 

The  delegates  assembled  after  dinner  at  the 
State  Normal  School  for  the  "Libraries  and 
schools"  session,  which  had  been  planned 
with  a  view  to  interesting  the  future  teachers 
in  the  mutual  relations  which  should  exist  be- 
ween  the  two  great  factors  in  education. 

Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Chicago,  111.,  secretary  of 
the  library  section  of  the  National  Educational 
Association,  read  a  paper  on  the  objects  and 
aims  of  the  library  section.  Miss  Ahern,  on 
behalf  of  the  section,  requested  that  delegates 
be  appointed  from  the  library  association  to 
attend  the  forthcoming  meeting  of  the  N.  E.  A. 
in  Milwaukee,  in  July,  1897.  The  entire  mem- 
bership of  the  Wisconsin  Library  Association 
will  constitute  the  delegation  to  this  meeting. 

Miss  Irene  Warren,  librarian  of  the  Stevens 
Point  Normal  School,  read  an  interesting  paper 
on  the  "Normal  School  Library."  Miss  Warren 
has  library  reading  classes,  gives  instruction 
in  the  use  of  books,  etc.,  and  has  started  home 
libraries  as  object  lessons  to  students  along 
philanthropic  lines.  Miss  Warren's  paper  was 
discussed  by  Miss  L.  P.  Swan,  of  the  West 
Superior  (Wis.)  Normal  School,  and  by  Miss 
Schreiber,  of  the  Milwaukee  Normal  School. 

"The  use  and  abuse  of  township  libraries" 
was  the  subject  of  an  interesting  paper  by  W. 
H.  Cheever,  institute  conductor  at  the  Milwau- 
kee Normal  School.  This  paper  will  undoubt- 
edly be  published  in  the  next  biennial  report  of 
the  state  library  commission. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Dousman,  of  the  Milwaukee 
Library,  discussed  "The  best  25  books  for 
children  from  five  to  nyears  of  age,"  and  Miss 
Anna  H.  McDonnell,  of  the  Green  Bay  Public 
Library,  performed  a  like  service  for  the  best 
25  books  for  children  from  u  to  16  years  of 
age.  The  lists  of  books  were  printed  by  the 
state  library  commission  and  were  distributed 
at  the  meeting.  (These  lists  will  be  sent  to  all 
who  desire  them.) 

Miss  Mary  F.  Hall,  primary  supervisor  of 
the  Milwaukee  schools,  read  a  most  original 
and  helpful  paper  on  "  Books  of  Adventure  for 
Boys,"  which  it  is  hoped  will  be  printed  by  the 
commission  for  general  distribution. 

At  the  short  business  session  in  the  morning 
the  president  and  secretary  declined  re-election 
and  the  following  officers  were  thereupon  elect- 
ed: President,  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  trustee  City 
Library,  Madison  ;  First  vice-president,  Dr. 
G.  W.  Peckham,  librarian  Milwaukee  Pub- 
lic Library;  Second  vice-president,  Mrs.  E.  E. 


Vaughn,  founder  Vaughn  Library,  Ashland  ; 
Secretary,  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Milwaukee  Public  Library;  Treasurer,  Miss 
Maude  A.  Eailey,  librarian  Chippewa  Falls 
Public  Library.  L.  E.  STEARNS,  Secretary. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN    TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary  :  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  Armour  In- 
stftute,  Chicago,  111. 

Treasurer:  W.  W.  Bishop,  Garrett  Biblical 
Institute. 

BY  invitation  of  Mr.  C.  W.  Andrews  the 
Chicago  Library  Club  held  its  34th  regular 
meeting  at  the  John  Crerar  Library,  Thursday 
evening,  Jan.  7,  at  eight  o'clock. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  the  pres- 
ident, Mr.  A.  H.  Hopkins,  who  announced  the 
appointments  of  committees  to  undertake  the 
work  of  the  compilation  and  publication  of  the 
union  list  of  periodicals  which  is  to  be  pub- 
lished by  the  club. 

Mr.  Andrews,  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
editing,  reported  that  he  had  received  assur- 
ance from  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
finance  that  the  club  might  count  on  sufficient 
pecuniary  assistance  for  the  printing  of  such  a 
list.  He  said  that  the  committee  had  voted 
that  the  club  request  the  librarians  of  the  larger 
libraries  of  Chicago  and  vicinity  to  state  how 
far  they  would  be  willing  to  assist  the  club  in 
the  preparation  of  the  list  in  as  complete  a  form 
as  possible. 

Mr.  Hild,  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
finance,  reported  that  no  definite  amount  had 
been  secured,  but  the  committee  had  no  doubt 
of  receiving  adequate  help  from  all  the  larger 
libraries  and  many  of  the  smaller  ones. 

Following  Mr.  Hild's  report,  the  paper  of  the 
evening,  "Libraries  from  the  outside,"  was 
read  by  Mr.  H.  T.  Sudduth.  After  touching 
upon  the  subject  of  free  access  to  books  his- 
torically, the  practical  side  was  taken  up,  and 
a  plan  outlined  which  would  admit  all  readers 
to  the  shelves  even  in  the  largest  public  library. 

It  was  hoped  that  Mr.  Norman  Williams, 
president  cf  the  John  Crerar  Library  board, 
would  be  present  to  say  something  of  the 
founder,  and  the  inception  and  scope  of  the  li- 
brary. In  his  absence  Mr.  Andrews,  librarian 
of  the  John  Crerar  Library,  spoke  briefly  of  the 
plans  and  scope  of  the  library,  and  gave  a 
very  cordial  welcome  to  the  club  upon  this,  the 
first  public  meeting  held  in  the  new  library. 
The  members  of  the  club  then  spent  a  pleas- 
ant hour  looking  about  the  library,  its  beauti- 
ful rooms  and  very  complete  equipment.  Re- 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


'53 


freshments  were   served  by  the  young  ladies 
of  the  library  staff.        MARY  B.  LINDSAY, 

Secretary  pro  tern. 

THE  February  meeting  of  the  club  was  held 
in  the  rooms  of  the  Free  Public  Library  of  Evan- 
ston,  111.,  Thursday  evening,  Feb.  4,  at  7:30. 

The  usual  business  of  the  club  was  first 
transacted,  and  the  members  were  notified  of 
the  resignation  of  Miss  May  L.  Bennett  as 
secretary,  and  the  election  of  Miss  Margaret 
Mann,  of  Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  to 
succeed  Miss  Bennett. 

The  first  paper  of  the  evening  was  by  Mr.  G. 
B.  Meleney,  of  the  Library  Bureau,  on  "New 
devices  in  library  appliances." 

Mr.  Meleney  said  that  with  the  consent  of 
the  president,  he  would  not  confine  his  remarks 
to  library  appliances,  but  would  speak  on  sub- 
jects of  general  interest  to  the  librarian.  He 
stated  that  the  Library  Bureau  did  not  lead  in 
library  devices,  but  rather  followed  the  sug- 
gestions and  demands  of  the  librarian. 

The  remainder  of  the  program  was  given  up 
to  a  series  of  pipers  prepared  by  assistants  in 
the  libraries  in  and  about  Chicago,  and  de- 
voted to  subjects  of  interest  in  the  libraries  rep- 
resented. 

The  first  was  by  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  of 
Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  who  told  how 
the  instruction  in  cataloging  is  given  to  the  li- 
brary training  class. 

Mr.  Carl  Roden,  of  the  cataloging  department 
of  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  described  the 
new  public  card  catalog  which  has  been  in 
progress  since  1893,  and  which  represents  a 
cost  of  about  $20,000. 

Miss  Sarah  Dickinson,  who  has  charge  of  the 
periodicals  at  the  John  Crerar  Libraiy,  gave  an 
interesting  account  of  the  method  of  keeping 
the  records  of  the  large  number  of  periodicals 
subscribed  for  by  this  library. 

"Shorter  titles  under  subject  entries "  was 
the  subject  of  the  next  paper,  presented  by 
Miss  Mcllvaine,  of  the  Newberry  Library.  The 
last  paper  told  of  the  work  which  is  being  car- 
ried on  by  the  Free  Public  Library  of  Evanston 
with  the  public  schools.  This  subject  was  pre- 
sented by  Miss  Ailing. of  the  Evanston  Library. 

At  the  close  a  social  hour  was  spent,  and 
light  refreshments  were  served. 

MARGARET  MANN,  Secretary. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 
"A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going  —  and  so,  good-day  !  " 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Secretary:  Miss  J-  A.  Rathbone,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Tuttle,  Long 
Island  Historical  Society,  Brooklyn. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF    WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter,  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 


THE  2ist  meeting  of  the  Library  Association 
of  Washington  City  was  held  at  the  Columbian 
University  on  Feb.  24,  1897,  Mr.  W.  P.  Cutter  in 
the  chair. 

It  was  sta'ed  that  the  next  meeting  would  be 
held  March  31  in  the  Temple  of  the  Supreme 
Council  of  the  33d  Degree  of  the  A.  and  A. 
Scottish  Rite  of  Free  Masonry,  which  has  been 
kindly  tendered  the  association  for  that  pur- 
pose. The  association  expect  to  have  with 
them  as  guests,  on  that  occasion,  Miss  Mary  W. 
Plummer  and  the  library  class  of  the  Pratt  In- 
stitute. 

The  election  of  Mr.  W.  L.  Boyden  to  mem- 
bership was  also  announced. 

Mr.  Parsons  was  called  upon,  as  chairman  of 
the  handbook  committee,  to  give  a  statement 
of  the  progress  made  by  that  committee.  He 
said  that  frequent  meetings  had  been  held, 
blanks  prepared,  and  sent  to  all  libraries  in  the 
district,  for  information  desired  ;  and  as  this 
data  is  received,  it  is  put  in  shape  for  the  print- 
er. The  effort  of  the  committee  is  to  make  this 
book  as  useful  as  possible  to  librarians,  both 
here  and  away  from  the  city,  by  describing  as 
far  as  may  be  the  classes  in  which  each  library 
is  strong,  so  that  persons  desiring  a  given 
work  can  tell  which  will  be  the  most  likely 
place  to  find  it. 

The  paper  of  the  evening  was  then  read  by 
Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  entitled  "The  Library  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution."  It  was  an  historical 
account  of  that  library  from  its  inception  to 
date,  and  contained  an  amount  of  information 
which  will  be  of  great  value  to  all  when  print- 
ed. The  attention  which  was  given  it,  and  the 
questions  which  were  asked  the  author  upon  its 
completion  showed  how  much  it  was  enjoyed 
by  the  hearers. 

F.  H.  PARSONS,  Secretary. 


Cibrars  Schools  anfo  draining  Classes. 


NEW  YORK  STA  TE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 
PREPARATION   OF    BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 

THE  original  bibliography  which  must  be 
submitted  as  one  of  the  conditions  of  gradua- 
tion in  the  school  is  one  of  the  important  feat- 
ures of  the  senior  year,  and  no  part  of  the 
school-work  is  done  with  greater  thoroughness 
or  enthusiasm. 

The  students  in  choosing  subjects  and  the 
faculty  in  approving  them  are  exceedingly  anx- 
ious to  secure  those  which  will  be  of  practical 
value. 

The  bibliography  on  municipal  government 
has  been  sent  to  Providence,  Chicago,  Leland 
Stanford  University,  New  York,  and  Phila- 
delphia, for  the  temporary  use  of  persons 
wishing  to  consult  it.  We  should  be  glad  to 
receive  suggestions  from  librarians,  teachers, 
leaders  of  clubs,  or  specialists,  as  to  subjects 
for  which  they  wish  bibliographies  or  reading 
lists. 

A  list  is  appended  of  work  in  this  line  which 
has  been  completed: 


154 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


\March,  '97 


Phillips  Brooks.     G:  W.  C.  Stockwell,  '95. 

Hawthorne.     N.  E.  Browne,  '89. 

Ben  Jonson.     Mrs.  M.  (W.)  Loomis,  '90. 

Charles  Kingsley.     E.  E.  Burdick,  '90. 

John  Lothrop  Motley.     M.  E.  Robbins, '92. 

Charles  Sumner.     H.  W.  Denio,  '94. 

Bayard  Taylor.     W:  S.  Burns,  "91. 

John  Wesley.     E.  L.  Foote,  '92. 

Poems  on  Lincoln,  Grant,  Sherman,  and 
Sheridan.  M.  L.  Sutliff,  '93. 

Members  of  the  A.  L.  A.  H.  C.  Silliman, 
'95- 

Lists  of  books  for  children.  J.  Y.  Middleton, 
'91. 

Higher  criticism  of  the  Old  Testament. 
(Select.)  Rev.  W:  R.  Eastman,  '92. 

Christian  art.     (Select.)     M.  L.  Davis,  '92. 

Church  history.  (Reading  list.)  Elizabeth 
Harvey,  '90. 

Religious  denominations  of  the  U.  S.  (Se- 
lect.) G:  F.  Bowerman,  '95. 

Municipal  government  in  the  U.  S.  M.  L. 
Jones,  '92;  J.  A.  Rathbone,  '93;  E.  D.  Biscoe, 
•96. 

New  philanthropy.  (Reading  list.)  H.  G. 
Sheldon,  '93. 

Education  of  women.     M.  E.  Hawley,  '93. 

Consolidated  index  to  university  extension 
periodicals.  Myrtilla  Avery,  '95. 

Fairy-tales  for  children.  (Select.)  F.  J.  Ol 
cott,  '96. 

English  works  on  King  Arthur  and  the  Round 
Table.  F.  R.  Curtis,  '96. 

Out-of-door  books.  (Select.)  H.H.Stanley, 
'95- 

Art  of  the  lyth  century.  (Reading  list.)  N. 
M.  Pond,  '96. 

Some  famous  cathedrals.  (Reading  list.)  L. 
M.  Sutermeister,  '90. 

Ten  great  paintings.  (Reading  list.)  Ada 
Bunnell,  '91. 

Greek  and  Latin  plays  produced  by  schools, 
colleges,  and  universities  in  the  U.  S.  G:  G. 
Champlin,  '95. 

Angling,  supplementing  Westwood  and 
Satchell's  Bibliotheca  piscatoria.  Henrietta 
Church,  '93. 

English  literature  of  later  i8th  century.  (Se- 
lect.) M..  C.  Swayze,  '89. 

Fiction  for  girls.  (Select  )  A.  B.  Kroeger, 
'91. 

Graded  list  of  history  and  travel  prepared  in 
the  Lincoln  (Nebraska)  Public  Library  for  the 
use  of  the  Lincoln  public  schools.  E.  D.  Bul- 
lock, '94. 

Books  to  read  before  going  to  Europe. 
(Reading  list.)  S.  W.  Cattell,  '90. 

Maryland  :  colonial  and  revolutionary  his- 
tory. W.  I.  Bullock,  '92. 

English  and  American  explorations  in  Africa 
since  1824.  (Reading  list.)  H..  W.  Rice, 

'93- 

Travel  in  America.  (Reading  list.)  C:  W. 
Plympton,  '91. 

Literature  relating  to  the  Hudson  river.  M. 
T.  Wheeler,  '91. 

Travels  west  of  the  Mississippi  prior  to  1855: 
a  partial  bibliography  of  printed  personal  nar- 
ratives. K.  L.  Sharp,  '92. 


Josephine  and  the  women  of  her  time.  Mary 
Ellis,  '92. 

200  books  on  biography  for  a  popular  library. 
(Select.)  Mabel  Temple,  '90. 

History  of  the  I7th  century.  (Reading  list.) 
G.  F.  Leonard,  '95. 

Edinburgh.    (Reading  list.)    W.  G.  Forsyth, 

'93- 

Venice.     (Reading  list.)     Helen  Sperry,  '94. 

Japan.     (Reading  list.)     H..  K.  Gay,  '95. 

Colonial  New  England.  (Reading  list.)  M. 
C.  Wilson,  '95. 

Consolidated  classified  index  to  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  v.  1-9.  B.  R.  Macky,  '92  ;  J.  L. 
Christman,  '93  ;  C.  S.  Hawes,  '94. 

Cap  and  gown  :  some  college  verse.  J.  L. 
Harrison,  '93. 

ANNUAL  VISIT. 

The  school  will  visit  the  libraries  of  New 
York  and  vicinity,  April  13-23. 

MARY  S.  CUTLER. 

NEW  QUARTERS. 

The  Library  School  took  possession  in  Feb- 
ruary of  its  new  rooms  on  the  fifth  floor  of  the 
capitol.  These  are  directly  over  the  old  quar- 
ters, 60  feet  higher.  They  are  reached  by 
three  elevators,  and  besides  the  finer  view,  the 
quiet  and  freedom  from  dust  —  because  so  much 
further  from  the  street  —  they  have  much  bet- 
ter ventilation  and  light  and  more  abundant 
room.  Instead  of  the  tables  heretofore  used, 
the  students  are  supplied  with  standard  desks 
and  each  with  an  electric  student-lamp.  Large 
new  coat  and  toilet  rooms  have  been  provided, 
and  the  school  begins  its  second  decade  by  oc- 
cupying quarters  better  adapted  to  its  work 
than  it  has  ever  before  enjoyed. 

OMISSION  OF  SUMMER  SESSION  OF  1897. 

Two  reasons  have  determined  the  faculty  to 
omit  the  summer  session  of  the  Library  School 
for  1897. 

1.  The  confusion  and  labor  incident  to  trans- 
ferring the  school  and  all  its  collections  to  en- 
tirely new  quarters  on  the  upper  floor  of  the 
capitol. 

2.  The  large  number  who  will  be  abroad  this 
summer  attending   the    International   Library 
Congress  in  London. 

PRATT  INSTITUTE    LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

A  GRADUATE  association  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Library  School  was  formed  on  Jan.  14,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  joint  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  Association  and  the  New  York 
Library  Club.  About  30  graduates  were  pres- 
ent, and  the  meeting  was  organized  by  the 
election  of  Miss  Wallis,  class  of  '95,  as  tempo- 
rary chairman.  Miss  Plummer  was  called  upon 
to  speak,  and  in  a  few  words  told  of  the  un- 
successful efforts  of  the  separate  class  organ- 
izations to  accomplish  a  definite  work,  and  of 
the  evident  need  for  a  combination  of  forces. 

A  discussion  followed,  which  was  closed  by 
the  unanimous  adoption  of  the  resolution  of- 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


'55 


fered  by  Mr.  Berry:  "  We,  as  graduates  of  the 
Pratt  Institute  Library  Training  School,  do 
hereby  form  a  Graduate  Association." 

A  constitution  was  then  drawn  up  and 
adopted. 

The  following  officers  were  elected:  Presi- 
dent, Silas  H.  Berry,  class  of  "91;  Vice-presi- 
dent, Catharine  W.  Faucon,  class  of  '94;  Re- 
cording secretary,  Helen  R.  Trowbridge,  class 
of  '95;  Corresponding  secretary,  Grace  Han- 
ford,  class  of  '95 ;  Treasurer,  Edith  M.  Pomeroy, 
class  of  '92. 

The  association  has  a  membership  of  58. 

An  interesting  list  of  $200  worth  of  books  on 
American  history,  compiled  by  the  first-year 
class  of  the  library  school,  is  published  in  the 
March  number  of  the  Pratt  Institute  Monthly. 
The  list  was  prepared  in  answer  to  a  request 
received  from  a  newly-established  library. 

The  school  plans  to  make  a  library  tour  of 
Washington  and  its  vicinity  during  the  last 
week  in  March.  The  party  will  leave  for 
Washington  March  29  and  will  return  on  April 
3.  During  the  six  days  they  will  visit  the 
Corcoran  Gallery,  the  Washington  Public  Li- 
brary, the  Congressional  Librarv  and  its  new 
building,  the  Naval  Observatory,  War,  State, 
and  other  department  libraries,  the  office  of 
public  documents,  the  Johns  Hopkins,  Enoch 
Pratt,  and  Peabody  Institute  libraries  of  Balti- 
more, and  will  attend  the  March  meeting  of 
the  Washington  Library  Association. 


Cibrarg  ^conomg  an&  ^i 


GENERAL. 

The  Century  for  March  contains  an  interest- 
ing paper  on  "The  art  of  large  giving,"  by 
George  lies,  in  which  the  notable  library  gifts 
to  the  United  States,  such  as  the  Newberry, 
Astor,  Carnegie  libraries,  etc.,  are  briefly 
noted,  with  many  other  examples  of  large 
public  benefactions. 

LOCAL. 

Allegheny  (Pa.)  Public  School  L.  The  library 
board  has  established  a  system  of  travelling 
libraries  for  the  use  of  the  public  schools  in 
outlying  wards  of  the  city.  Each  collection 
consists  of  from  100  to  150  volumes,  and  the 
libraries  will  be  kept  in  the>various  schools  for 
periods  of  three  months,  and  books  issued  by 
the  teachers  for  home  reading  among  the  chil 
dren. 

Altoona  (Pa.)  Mechanics'  L.  and  Reading-room. 
(Rpt.  —  year  ending  Dec.  31,  "96.)  Added  1880, 
total  24,305.  Issued,  home  use  45,778.  Total 
membership  888.  Receipts  $3953.50;  expenses 
$3649-87- 

125  school-children  have  free  membership 
tickets,  representing  an  equal  number  of  shares 
of  library  stock  owned  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Co.  Regular  membership  dues  are 
$3  yearly,  and  junior  membership,  for  boys 
under  21  who  are  learning  trades,  is  $i  yearly. 


Austin  (III.)  P.  L.  A  free  reference  library 
of  about  500  v.  has  been  opened  in  Austin,  one 
of  the  suburbs  of  Chicago,  through  the  efforts 
of  the  local  Woman's  Club.  It  is  hoped  that  it 
may  be  the  nucleus  of  an  adequate  circulating 
library. 

Bangor  (Me.)  P.  L.  (i4th  rpt.  —  year  ending 
Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  1991;  total  40,542.  Re- 
paired at  library  2080;  rebound  541.  Issued, 
home  use  48,664  (fict.  76$);  reading-room  use 
40,741  (fict.  53  %).  Receipts  $6227.96;  expenses 
$6023.18. 

During  the  year  the  experiment  of  holiday 
opening  was  tried;  the  circulation  on  the  six 
holidays  from  April  to  December  was  550  home 
use,  457  reading-room  use. 

The  librarian  calls  attention  again  "to  the 
great  need  of  the  proposed  library  building." 

Baltimore,  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.  (nth  rpt. — 
year  ending  Jan.  i,  '97.)  Added  12,840  ;  total 
176,329.  Issued  653,731  (fict.  and  juv.  74$), 
of  which  53,881  v.  were  issued  for  reference  and 
library  use.  There  were  165, 877 periodicals  ustd 
at  the  reading- room  of  the  central  libraryand  in 
the  six  branches.  Since  the  library  was  opened 
167  books  have  been  lost,  of  which  20  were  first 
missing  in  1896.  "  The  risk  of  loss  is  i  to  32,- 
686  of  circulation.  In  addition  to  the  missing 
books  64  v.  were  lost  and  paid  for  in  1896." 
New  registration  7417  ;  cards  in  force  32,607. 
Expenses  for  1896  were  $74,227.36,  of  which 
$20,092.99  were  devoted  to  the  construction  of 
branch  no.  6. 

The  establishment  of  the  sixth  branch  was 
the  chief  event  in  the  library  year.  "The 
building  was  completed  in  the  autumn  and 
opened  to  the  public  on  Nov.  14,  with  about 
6500  books  on  its  shelves.  These  books  were 
cataloged  during  the  spring  and  summer  and 
were  removed  to  the  branch  in  two  days,  early 
in  November." 

Dr.  Steiner  opens  his  report  with  a  short 
tribute  to  the  late  Enoch  Pratt  and  his  unfail- 
ing efforts  to  improve  and  strengthen  his  great 
library. 

Baltimore,  Peabody  Institute  L.  Within  the 
past  month  the  newspapers  of  Baltimore  have 
devoted  much  space  to  "Duncan's  clothes." 
James  Duncan,  president  of  the  local  Federa- 
tion of  Labor,  at  a  meeting  of  the  federation, 
spoke  of  his  "being  sneered  at,"  because  of 
his  clothes,  when  he  visited  the  Peabody  Li- 
brary, somewhat  poorly  dressed  and  in  his 
working  clothes.  He  declared  that  the  Pea- 
body  Institute  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the 
"select  few,"  and  that  it  was  the  duty  of  the 
federation  to  see  to  it  that  the  same  fate  did 
not  befall  the  Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library.  The 
federation  has  appointed  a  committee  to  in- 
vestigate the  management  of  the  Peabody  In- 
stitute. 

Braddock,  Pa.  Carnegie  L.  The  first  art 
loan  exhibit  ever  shown  in  Braddock  was 
opened  on  Feb.  18  in  the  library  building  and 
continued  for  a  week.  It  was  arranged  by 
Miss  Sperry  with  the  help  of  a  local  committee 


'56 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


{March,  '97 


and  included  the  work  of  about  60  exhibitors, 
embracing  examples  of  embroidery,  woodwork, 
and  brasswork  as  well  as  of  painting. 

Brooklyn  (/V.  Y.)  P.  L.  A.  A  book  reception 
was  given  by  the  members  of  the  association 
on  Feb.  2,  each  person  attending  being  expect- 
ed to  wear  decorations  or  badges  denoting  the 
titles  of  the  books  they  presented.  About  400 
v.  were  secured,  thus  forming  the  nucleus  of 
the  library.  Mrs.  H.  W.  Chatfield  was  chosen 
librarian  of  the  association. 

Cambridge  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Nov.  30,  '96.)  Added  4163;  total  51,697.  Is- 
sued, home  use  133,532  (fict.  and  juv.  .688  %), 
of  which  7518  were  delivered  through  the 
schools;  lib.  use  12,701.  No.  cardholders  13,- 
168.  Receipts  $18,396.95;  expenses  $18,354  06. 

The  recataloging  of  the  library  has  been  in 
progress  for  some  time  past,  and  Mr.  Gifford 
recommends  the  publication  of  a  printed  fiction 
list  as  soon  as  practicable,  and  ths  issue  from 
time  to  time  of  class  lists  on  special  subjects. 
The  pamphlets,  heretofore  practically  inacces- 
sible, have  been  partially  classified  and  a  part 
of  the  collection  of  government  publications 
has  been  entirely  recataloged.  Additional 
stack-room  will  soon  be  necessary. 

The  children's  reading-room  has  often  been 
taxed  beyond  its  seating  capacity,  and  its  en- 
largement is  much  needed  so  that  all  juvenile 
books  for  circulation  may  be  placed  there  for 
free  access. 

During  the  year  two  new  delivery  stations 
were  established  and  collections  of  books  were 
also  sent  for  circulation  to  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  and 
other  associations.  Mr.  Gifford  believes  that 
"  deposits  of  books  made  in  this  way  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  city  will  prove  important  fac- 
tors in  gradually  extending  the  usefulness  and 
influence  of  the  public  library.  And  I  think 
we  should  invite  requests  for  temporary  loans 
of  books  from  any  organization  which  bids  fair 
to  put  them  to  profitable  use  among  its  mem- 
bers." He  also  recommends  that  the  library  be 
opened  on  Sunday  evening. 

Canton  (0.)  P.  L.  A.  Added  433;  total  4904. 
Issued  24,372  (fict.  12,439).  New  registration 
528;  total  cardholders  6248.  Receipts  $2686  04; 
expenses  $2117.17;  these  figures  are  for  the 
general  expense  fund;  in  addition  $398. 64  were 
spent  for  the  purchase  of  books. 

Castile,  N.  Y.  Cordelia  A.  Greene  P.  L.  The 
library  was  opened  to  the  public  on  Feb.  22, 
with  Miss  Emily  B.  Felt  acting  as  librarian. 
The  nucleus  of  this  library  consists  of  the  500 
volumes  of  the  Scribner  "  model  library  "  and 
about  200  other  volumes,  the  use  of  which  is 
given  to  the  public  through  the  generosity  of 
Miss  Cordelia  A.  Greene.  The  library  is  open 
on  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  from  one  to  six 
and  from  seven  to  nine  p.m. 

Chicago  P.  L.  Six  rooms  in  the  magnificent 
new  building  were  opened  to  the  public  the  last 
week  in  February,  and  arrangements  for  the 
complete  working  of  the  library  in  its  new 
home  are  rapidly  progressing. 


Cleveland  (0.)  P.  L.  The  south  side  branch 
of  the  public  library  was  opened  on  Feb.  22. 
Among  the  recent  accessions  to  the  library  is  a 
collection  of  the  carbon  photographs  published 
by  Braun,  Clement  &  Co.,  of  New  York  City. 

Columbia  Univ.  L.,  New  York  City.  Advance 
sheets  of  the  report  of  the  librarian  for  1896 
give  the  following  facts  and  statistics:  Added 
20,584;  total  about  223,000.  "The  average 
annual  addition  for  the  preceding  five  years 
has  been  18,329.  It  is  probable  that  an  annual 
increase  of  about  20,000  is  what  the  library 
should  expect  to  realize  for  the  coming  year, 
unless  large  and  important  gifts  should  make 
its  more  rapid  development  possible.  Such  a 
growth  continued  on  the  lines  of  selection  and 
arrangement  which  have  prevailed  in  recent 
years  in  the  library,  will  create  in  a  term  of 
years  a  collection  of  books  ample  for  all  rea- 
sonable demands  for  university  study."  Is- 
sued, home  use  59,756;  use  of  books  in  the 
building  has  increased  considerably. 

Columbus  (0.)  Public  School  L.  (2Oth  rpt.— 
year  ending  Aug.  31,  '96.)  Added  2670;  total 
30,203.  Issued,  home  use  iO3,o8g(fict.  31. 78  2; 
juv.  36.42  #);  ref.  use  17,613;  cards  in  use  by 
borrowers  9948,  of  which  4610  are  held  by  adult 
readers.  Receipts  $7795.14;  expenses  $6639.11. 

The  death  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Spielman,  librarian 
since  1891,  which  occurred  on  Oct.  9,  1896, 
necessarily  de'ayed  the  publication  of  this  re- 
port, which  was  completed  by  and  issued  under 
thecharge  of  Mr.  Hensel,  the  present  librarian, 
who  was  elected  to  the  position  on  Oct.  20. 
The  "school  classics"  department  of  the  li- 
brary now  contains  about  6300  v.,  which  are 
issued  to  the  various  schools,  on  requisition 
from  principals  of  primary  and  grammar  grades, 
at  the  rate  of  about  1364  v.  per  month.  Sec- 
tion i  of  the  catalog  was  issued  during  the 
year. 

Dedham  (Mass.)  P.  L.  On  Feb.  20  the  library 
celebrated  its  25th  anniversary. 

Denver  (Col.)  P.  L.  An  interesting  co-opera- 
tive work  toward  the  making  of  a  union  list 
of  medical  literature  has  been  started  by  the 
Public  Library  and  the  Colorado  Medical  Li- 
brary Association,  according  to  resolutions 
passed  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  latter  asso- 
ciation in  January.  The  library  of  the  medical 
association  has  for  the  past  year  or  so  been 
housed  in  the  public  library  and  used  for  public 
reference.  This  collection  it  is  now  planned  to 
supplement  by  the  making  of  a  list  of  the  bound 
medical  journals  and  books  not  contained  in 
the  medical  library  owned  by  local  physicians 
who  approve  of  the  scheme.  Notices  explain- 
ing the  plan  have  been  sent  to  the  physicians 
in  question,  accompanied  by  a  blank  form,  on 
which  is  to  be  recorded,  under  title,  author, 
date,  no.  v.,  place  and  publisher,  "a  li«t  of 
books  and  journals  in  the  private  library  of 

Dr. ,  which  maybe  consulted  by  patrons  of 

the  Public  Library,  Denver,  during  the  follow- 
ing office  hours."  The  lists  thus  secured  will  be 
compiled  into  one  list,  easy  of  reference  and 
kept  always  on  file  in  the  Public  Library.  "This 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'57 


union  list  will,  in  regard  to  any  given  volume, 
tell  in  whose  office  it  may  be  found,  and  at 
what  hour  any  reader  who  wishes  may  visu 
that  office  and  refer  to  it.  This  plan  will  make 
available  to  the  medical  men  of  Denver  a  very 
large  and  valuable  collection  of  the  best  medi- 
cal literature  of  recent  years  ;  a  much  larger 
collection  than  any  public  institution  can  offer 
lor  many  years  to  come." 

Galena  (III.)  P.  L,  (2d  rpt.  —  year  ending 
Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  751  ;  total  3389.  Issued, 
home  use  25,327  (fict.  89$);  visitors  to  reading- 
room  32,569.  New  registration  186;  total  cards 
in  force  1387. 

Harvard  University.  It  is  proposed  to  es- 
tablish a  memorial  library  at  Harvard  in  honor 
of  the  late  Prof.  Francis  James  Child.  About 
$10,000  have  already  been  subscribed  for  the 
purpose  and  a  number  of  books  have  been 
donated.  The  collection  is  to  be  specially  in- 
tended for  students  of  English  literature. 

Hoboken  (N.  J.)P.  L.  March  29  is  the  date 
set  for  the  opening  of  the  new  library  building. 

Holbrook  (Mass.}  P.  L.  The  library  was  de- 
stroyed by  fire  on  Feb.  28.  The  town  hall,  in 
which  the  library  was  housed,  was  saved  by 
hard  work,  but  the  7500  books  were  almost  to- 
tally destroyed.  The  fire  broke  out  in  the  li- 
brary-room, or  in  the  boiler-room  directly  be- 
low it.  The  building  was  insured  for  $29,000, 
of  which  $4000  was  on  the  library;  the  loss  is 
estimated  at  from  $8000  to  $12,000. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.  On  Feb.  9  the  public  li- 
brary of  West  Indianapolis,  a  small  town  across 
the  river  from  Indianapolis,  was.  opened.  It 
occupies  three  attractive  rooms  in  a  central  lo- 
cation, and  starts  work  with  about  2000  v.  The 
library  was  established  by  local  subscription 
and  taxation.  With  the  prospect  of  final  an- 
nexation to  the  city  of  Indianapolis,  the  mana- 
gers have  followed  the  system  of  the  Indianap- 
olis library  as  far  as  possible,  and  practically 
the  same  rules  govern  the  two  libraries.  When 
the  union  of  the  two  cities  is  made  it  is  expect- 
ed that  the  library  as  now  organized  will  re- 
main as  one  of  the  branch  libraries. 

Iowa  City  (fa.)  P.  L.  At  the  municipal  elec- 
tion, held  March  i,  a  one-mill  tax  was  carried 
for  the  support  of  the  library,  which  was  opened 
on  the  20th  of  January  of  this  year.  The  library 
is  already  circulating  on  an  average  150  books 
a  day. 

Kansas  State  L.  On  Feb.  2  a  bill  was  intro- 
duced into  the  state  legislature  by  Congress- 
man Hackney  providing  for  the  transfer  of  the 
books  and  collections  of  the  state  historical  so- 
ciety to  the  state  library. 

Lawrenceville,  Pa.  Plans  were  recently  ac- 
cepted for  the  Carnegie  Library  building  of 
Lawrenceville.  The  town  is  a  suburb  of  Pitts- 
burgh, and  the  new  library  is  the  first  of  the 
series  of  branches  of  the  Pittsburgh  Carnegie 
Library,  which  it  is  planned  to  establish.  The 
building  will  be  of  pressed  brick  with  stone 
trimmings,  100x80  feet.  The  first  floor  will 


DC  devoted  to  a  delivery-room,  a  children's 
room,  and  a  stack-room  at  the  icar,  with  a 
book  capacity  of  25,000  v.  A  periodical  read- 
ing-room, and  an  auditorium  seating  500  per- 
sons, will  occupy  the  basement.  The  amoui  t 
to  be  devoted  to  the  Lawrenceville  branch 
from  the  entire  fund  given  by  Mr.  Carnegie  is 
7,5co. 

Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Dec.  I, '96.)  Added  4415;  total 44, 564.  Issued, 
home  use  497,615  (fict.  227,367,  juv.  58,234); 
ref.  use  58,697.  New  registration  4727;  total 
registration  26,567.  Receipts  $26,959.61  ;  ex- 
penses $21,633.03. 

During  the  year  20,620  v.  were  delivered  to 
the  schools,  an  increase  of  3204,  while  351  of 
the  414  teachers  of  the  city  are  users  of  the  li- 
brary. $744.21  were  received  for  the  school 
work  from  the  board  of  education  and  with 
this  700  v.  were  purchased.  There  are  m  w 
four  Rudolph  indexers  in  use  in  the  library. 
Several  alterations  are  being  made  in  the  in- 
terior arrangement  of  the  library,  among  them 
the  fitting  up  of  a  children's  department. 
"  What  the  library  needs  more  than  anything 
else,  except  a  new  building  of  its  own,  is  a  find- 
ing list  up  to  date  and  gotten  out  as  soon  as 
possible." 

Milwaukee  ( Wis^  P.  L.  At  a  common  coun- 
cil meeting  on  Feb.  5  a  bill  was  recommended 
for  passage  to  the  legislature  providing  for  in- 
creasing the  local  public  library  tax  from  its 
present  rate  of  one-quarter  of  a  mill  to  two- 
fifths  of  a  mill.  On  Feb.  8  the  bill  was  vetoed 
by  the  mayor  on  the  ground  that  the  measure  was 
less  pressing  than  other  legislation  to  be  pre- 
sented to  the  legislature.  The  veto  was  sus- 
tained by  the  common  council. 

Minnesota  lib.  commission  bill.  The  bill  pro- 
viding for  the  establishment  of  a  state  library 
commission  and  a  system  of  travelling  libraries 
was  indefinitely  postponed  by  action  of  the 
state  legislature  on  Feb.  18.  The  bill  had  been 
recommended  for  passage  in  the  senate  on  Feb. 
5,  but  was  opposed  in  the  house  by  Represen- 
tative Donnelly.  Mr.  Donnelly,  in  speaking 
against  the  bill,  said  that  "it  was  not  within 
the  province  of  the  legislature  to  supply  the 
people  with  books  any  more  than  it  was  with 
boots.  Moreover,  he  doubted  the  practicability 
of  what  was  to  be  attempted.  Books  were  not 
read  in  a  single  day,  nor  a  single  week.  One 
member  of  a  family  did  not  peruse  them  and 
then  return  them.  They  were  read  by  every 
member  of  the  family.  Circulation  under  such 
circumstances  was  a  slow  process.  Again,  how 
were  these  different  libraries  to  be  sent  from 
part  to  part  of  the  state,  granted  that  the  prob- 
lem of  circulation  resolved  itself  into  condi- 
tions which  could  be  successfully  met?  The 
whole  thing  was  really  a  scheme  for  seme  deal- 
er to  job  off  a  lot  of  books."  He  then  warned 
his  hearers  that  the  $5000  appropriation  was 
intended  "as  a  levy  to  pry  a  hole  in  thebarrier 
and  in  the  sacred  name  of  intelligence  and  edu- 
cation to  let  in  a  flood  of  extravagance  upon  the 
treasury." 


'58 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


Monmotith,  III.  Warren  County  L.  A .  (Rpt. 
—  year  ending  Jan.  i,  '97.)  Added  684;  total 
17,501.  Issued,  home  use,  books  15,556,  maga- 
zines 5965;  ref.  use,  from  stack  4918,  from  open 
shelves  (estimated)  26,000.  There  was  an 
average  daily  attendance  of  200  in  the  reading- 
room. 

Nebraska  State  L.,  Lincoln.  (Biennial  rpt., 
'94-96.)  Added  2840;  total  36,075.  "At  its 
last  session  the  legislature  appropriated  from 
the  library  fund  the  sum  of  $600  '  for  the  pur- 
pose of  purchasing  the  necessary  cards  and 
cases  and  for  arranging  a  card  catalog  for  the 
state  library.'  This  appropriation  has  been  ex- 
pended and  considerable  progress  made  toward 
supplying  a  catalog,  which  is  so  much  needed." 
Mr.  Campbell  asks  for  an  appropriation  of 
$1800  for  continuing  the  cataloging  work. 
Much  of  the  report  is  devoted  to  an  account  of 
the  travelling  library  system,  which  is  recom- 
mended for  Nebraska.  The  estimated  cost  of 
establishing  the  system  is  placed  at  $2500. 

New  Orleans,  Mo.  Fiskf.  and  P.  L.  Since 
its  opening  in  February  the  library  has  had  an 
attendance  averaging  200  readers  a  day  for 
periodicals  alone.  The  circulation  of  fiction 
begins  on  March  15,  on  which  day  the  fiction 
catalog  will  be  ready  for  distribution  at  a  nom- 
inal price.  The  statement  in  the  February  L. 
j.  that  the  miscellaneous  books  in  the  state  li- 
brary formed  a  part  of  the  collection  consoli- 
dated into  the  new  library  was  not  wholly 
accurate.  This  collection  has  not  yet  been 
transferred,  and  though  it  is  hoped  that  the 
transference  may  eventually  be  made,  it  is 
hardly  likely  that  the  removal  of  the  books 
from  the  state  library  to  the  new  organization 
can  be  effected  without  the  aid  of  the  legisla- 
ture, which  will  not  meet  for  12  months. 

N.  Y.  Mercantile  L.  (?6th  rpt. — year  end- 
ing Jan.  i,  '97.)  Added  6109;  total  255,227. 
Issued,  home  use  186,880  (fict.  52.31  £);  ref. 
use  41,540;  reading-room  attendance  26,626. 
Membership  5090.  Receipts  $27,328.48;  ex- 
penses $26,085.69. 

Both  reading  and  reference  rooms  are  used 
much  less  in  the  evening  than  during  the  day- 
time. The  evening  use,  in  fact,  is  so  constant- 
ly decreasing  that  the  closing  of  both  depart- 
ments before  nine  o'clock  is  suggested.  The 
poster  exhibition  held  Feb.  12,  1896,  was  most 
successful. 

N.  Y.  P.  L.—  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden  foun- 
dations. On  Feb.  16  Assemblyman  Austin  in- 
troduced into  the  state  legislature  a  bill  pro- 
viding for  the  construction  of  a  building  in 
Bryant  Park,  New  York  City,  ta  be  occupied 
by  the  public  library.  The  bill  provides  that 
the  New  York  Department  of  Public  Parks 
shall  remove  the  reservoir  and  erect  within  the 
park  a  building  upon  plans  to  be  approved  by 
the  trustees  of  the  library.  The  city  is  to  issue 
$2,500,000  in  four  per  cent,  gold  bonds  for  the 
removal  of  the  reservoir  and  the  erection  of 
the  library  building. 

The  library  has  recently  acquired  an  interest- 
ing and  valuable  collection  of  Italian  opera  li- 


bretti, numbering  1300  v.,  bound  in  vellum, 
an  average  of  10  libretti  being  bound  in  each 
volume.  The  collection  was  made  by  a  col- 
lector living  at  the  Hague,  and  it  covers  a  period 
of  161  years,  1705  to  1865;  it  will  probably  be 
continued  to  the  present  time. 

N.  Y.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  L.  An  exhibition  of  fine 
art  books  was  held  at  the  library  on  Washing- 
ton's birthday.  It  was  specially  intended  to 
interest  and  benefit  art  students,  designers,  and 
decorators. 

Newport,  A.  I.  Redwood  L.  and  Athenaum. 
(i66th  rpt.)  Added  707;  total  42,043.  Issued 
13,404  (fict.  8908). 

The  work  of  cataloging  the  library  has  been 
practically  completed,  and  the  greater  part  of 
the  librarian's  report  is  devoted  to  an  explana- 
tion of  the  catalog  and  to  mention  of  notable 
accessions. 

Niagara  Falls  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  (Rpt. —year 
ending  Jan.  31,  '97.)  Added  950;  total  3700. 
Issued  27,154,  as  against  12,501  in  the  preced- 
ing year.  New  registration  1427. 

Norfolk  (Fa.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Jan.  31,  '97.)  Added  850;  total  not  given.  Is- 
sued 15,929  (fict.  13,105);  visitors  to  lib.  35,849. 
Membership  65 1,  of  whom  255  are  subscribers. 
The  free  list  includes  all  public  school  scholars 
above  the  age  of  15,  all  teachers,  ministers, 
and  newspaper  editors. 

North  Adams  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (i3th  rpt.  —  n 
months,  Jan.  i-Nov.  30,  '96.)  Added  613; 
total  14,480.  Issued  63,140  (fict.  52.8  %;  juv. 
25.7  #).  New  registration  868;  total  registra- 
tion 6810  (teachers'  cards  276).  Receipts  and 
expenses  $3562  81. 

The  trustees  urge  that  the  annual  appropria- 
tion be  increased  from  $4500  to  $5000. 

Norwich,  Ct.  Otis  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Aug.  31,  '96.)  Added  1523;  total  20,688.  Is- 
sued, home  use  94,652  (fict.  52.52  %;  juv.  22.60 
%).  New  registration  1008;  total  registration 
5756.  Receipts  $7048.26;  expenses  $6998.29. 

The  Sunday  opening  of  the  reading-room 
was  the  only  novelty  of  the  year. 

Pawtucket  (R.  I.)  F.  P.  L.  (2Oth  rpt.  — 10 
months  ending  Sept.  30,  '96.)  Added  565;  total 
15,223.  Issued  42,074  (fict.  31,457),  of  which 
10,993  were  drawn  on  school  cards.  New  regis- 
tration 1471.  Receipts  $7009.20;  expenses 
$6910.55. 

Mrs.  Sanders's  report  is  a  simple  record  of 
good  work  and  increasing  usefulness,  especially 
in  the  direction  of  school  influence  and  grow- 
ing reference  use. 

The  library  has  recently  issued  an  attractive 
little  book-mark,  bearing  the  legend  "  When  in 
doubt  on  any  subject,  consult  the  public  li- 
brary," and  inscribed  with  several  appropriate 
literary  quotations.  To  it  is  attributed  at  least 
a  part  of  the  increased  crop  of  questions  sub- 
mitted to  the  library  for  answer. 

Philadelphia.  The  descendants  of  botanist 
John  Bartram  are  planning  to  establish  the 
John  Bartram  Memorial  Library  Company  for 
a  free  public  library  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Bartram  Gardens,  Philadelphia. 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'59 


Philadelphia  F.  L.  Mr.  Thomson  writes : 
"  The  library  has  now  the  largest  circulation  in 
the  world,  having  issued  1,349,070  v.  during  the 
year  ending  Dec.  31,  1896." 

The  Chestnut  Hill  branch  of  the  library  was 
opened  Feb.  I.  This  branch  was  formerly  the 
Christian  Hall  Library  Company  of  Chestnut 
Hill,  but  has  now  been  transferred  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  Free  Library,  which  has  added 
about  2000  v.  to  the  8000  books  in  the  original 
collection. 

Philadelphia  Mercantile  L.  (74th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Jan.  i,  '97.)  Added  3134;  total  179,922. 
Issued  70,737;  no.  visitors  285,553  (Sundays 
and  holidays  12,950).  Receipts  $19,379.22;  ex- 
penses $17,296.21. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Carnegie  L.  At  a  recent 
board  meeting  the  trustees  voted  to  appropriate 
$100  for  the  present  year  in  aid  of  the  work  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section.  Mr.  G.  A. 
Macbeth,  chairman  of  the  library  committee, 
introduced  the  resolution  and  explained  that  at 
the  Cleveland  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  he  had 
been  much  impressed  with  Mr.  lies'  plans  for 
the  appraisal  of  literature,  and  that  he  thought 
the  work  of  the  Publishing  Section  deserved 
the  practical  support  of  libraries. 

Portland '(Ore. ,)  L.  A.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  Added 
963;  total  23,887.  Issued,  home  use  31,579 
(net.  69.7  %).  Membership  582.  Receipts,  gen- 
eral fund  $3575.79,  book  fund  $1877.30;  ex- 
penses, general  fund  $3568.02,  book  fund 
$1648.96. 

"The  financial  condition  of  the  association 
has  compelled  the  most  rigid  economy  in  cur- 
rent expenses,  including  reductions  in  salaries, 
and  it  is  believed  that  the  directors  have  gone 
as  far  in  that  direction  as  possible,  without  in- 
jury to  the  library. 

"  Increasing  use  is  being  made  of  the  library 
for  purposes  of  reference  and  research  by  mem- 
bers of  study  clubs  and  by  p  ivate  students." 
There  has  been  an  increase  of  26.6  %  over  the 
circulation  of  the  preceding  year,  and  a  de- 
crease of  1.2  %  in  the  issue  of  fiction. 

Providence  (R.  /.)  P.  L.  On  Feb.  16  a  spe- 
cial m-eting  of  the  trustees  was  held,  and  it 
was  formally  voted  to  accept  the  gift  of  $200,- 
ooo,  made  by  John  Nicholas  Brown,  for  a  new 
library  building. 

The  only  conditions  imposed  by  Mr.  Brown  in 
connection  with  his  magnificent  gift  are  that 
the  trustees  shall  raise  the  $100,000  balance 
necessary  to  complete  the  building  already  de- 
signed, and  that  they  shall  have  removed  all 
the  buildings  now  situated  on  the  library  prop- 
erty where  the  new  structure  is  to  stand.  The 
need  of  befer  accommodations  for  the  library 
have  been  long  before  the  people  of  Provi- 
dence, and  have  already  been  presented  in  the 
JOURNAL  by  Mr.  Foster  (L.  j.  21  1364 -368).  The 
structure  planned  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  li- 
brary, was,  however,  much  beyond  the  means  at 
the  disposal  of  the  trustees,  and  the  only  course 
practicable  seemed  to  be  the  construction  of 
a  part  of  the  building,  cramping  and  injuring 
its  full  usefulness. 


In  the  spring  of  1890  Mr.  Foster  issued  an 
appeal  to  the  people  of  Providence,  reciting 
these  facts  and  asking  subscriptions  toward  the 
necessary  $300,000,  but  only  $1013  was  re- 
ceived in  response.  Now  Mr.  Brown's  gener- 
osity removes  the  difficulties  and  clears  the 
way  to  the  establishment  of  the  library  in  a 
spacious,  fitting,  and  permanent  home. 

Quincy  (///.)  F.  P.  L.  The  circulation  for 
January,  7802,  was  the  largest  for  one  month 
in  the  history  of  the  library.  The  Quincy 
Medical  Association  on  Feb.  10  made  applica- 
tion for  a  room  in  the  library,  in  which  they 
would  be  glad  to  establish  a  medical  library  for 
reference  use.  The  application  was  granted, 
and  the  association  has  put  its  collection  in 
charge  of  the  library. 

Richmond,  Va.  Rosemary  L.  The  trustees 
announce  that  unless  more  subscribers  are  se- 
cured for  the  library,  and  its  income  is  materi- 
ally increased  by  June  i,  it  will  be  necessary 
to  close  it  for  lack  of  funds  on  that  date.  The 
library  was  established  in  1891,  with  an  endow- 
ment of  $4000  from  Mrs.  Thomas  Nelson  Page; 
membership  dues  were  fixed  at  $3  yearly.  Its 
receipts  have  never  exceeded  $ior  o  a  year,  and 
its  expenses  amount  to  about  $1800. 

Salem  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (8th  rpt.  — year  ending 
Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  2371;  total  33,078.  2330 
v.  have  been  bound  at  a  total  cost  oi  $1038.15, 
an  average  of  44^  c.  per  v.  Issued,  home  use 
109,117  (fict.  84.62  %);  reading-room  attendance 
50,000.  There  are  now  179  periodicals  on  file, 
of  which  22  are  gifts.  Receipts  $16,606  05;  ex- 
penses $12,441.74. 

"Feeling  it  important  that  the  needs  of  the 
library  should  be  known  so  that  any  person  or 
persons  who  may  cor  template  giving  or  be- 
queathing money  to  the  library  may  be  able  to 
tell  just  what  direction  such  gift  should  tale, 
the  trustees  present  with  this  report  a  plan  for 
an  addition  to  the  library  building  which,  in 
their  opinion,  will  be  satisfactory  to  the  public 
using  the  library  and  which  can  be  economi- 
cally conducted  and  be  reasonably  safe  against 
fire."  Three  plans  are  shown,  one  for  each 
floor,  by  which  provision  is  made  for  housing 
100,000  v.,  instead  of  as  at  present  35,000,  for 
a  reference-room  with  space  for  15.000  v.  for  a 
class  or  study  room,  and  fora  women's  or  chil- 
dren's reading-room.  The  cost  of  this  addition 
is  estimated  at  $50,000. 

Scranton  (Pa.)  P.  L.  (6th  rpt. —  year  ending 
Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  3157  ;  total  27,943.  Is- 
sued, home  use  155,072  (fict.  and  juv.  79.81$)  ; 
ref.  use  4102.  New  registration  3846  ;  total 
cards  in  use  8366.  Receipts,  $11,533  ;  expenses 
$10,716.82. 

Sheboygan,  Wis.  The  common  council  on 
Feb.  15  passed  an  ordinance  providing  that 
seven  per  cent,  of  all  license  money  received 
be  used  to  establish  a  free  public  library.  The 
late  James  H.  Mead  bequeathed  $20.000  to  be 
used  for  a  free  library  by  the  city.  This  money 
is  invested,  and  when  it  becomes  available, 
will  be  used  in  aid  of  the  library. 


i6o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


,  'g^ 


Washington,  D.  C.  Crandall  public  document 
bill.  In  the  Washington  Post  of  Feb.  23  a 
communication  was  printed  from  Mr.  Pitman 
Pulsifer,  private  secretary  of  Senator  Hale  and 
clerk  of  the  committee  on  printing,  opposing 
the  provisions  of  Mr.  Crandall's  bill  "  to  im- 
prove the  printing  and  binding  methods  of  the 
public  documents,"  on  the  ground  that  what  it 
seeks  to  accomplish  is  already  provided  for  by 
the  existing  law,  passed  Jan.  12,  1895.  Mr. 
Crandall,  in  the  Post  of  Feb.  25,  answers  this 
letter  fully,  reciting  the  insufficiency  of  exist- 
ing provisions  and  describing  the  short  and 
simple  solution  of  the  difficulties  supplied  by  the 
proposed  bill.  This  solution  lies  in  "  taking  the 
executive  reports  and  serial  works  out  of  the 
numbered  series  of  the  Congressional  docu- 
ments. It  is  true  there  is  no  law  for  this  num- 
bering, but  it  is  a  very  ancient  custom,  and  if 
Congress  refuses  to  take  the  responsibility  of 
abolishing  it,  is  it  reasonable  to  expect  the 
Public  Printer  to  do  so  ?  "  The  results  of  the 
present  system,  "  which  make  the  public  docu- 
ments grotesquely  unusable  and  an  affront  to 
the  intelligence  of  the  country,  will,  in  all 
probability,  never  be  cured  until  Congress  en- 
acts positive  prohibitory  legislation  of  the  kind 
embodied  in  the  so-called  Crandall  bill." 

Washington  (D '.  C.)  F.  L.  (ist  rpt. — year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  "  The  library  was- opened 
to  the  public  on  Jan.  6,  1896,  with  3151  v. ; 
there  were  added  during  the  year  5380  v.,  mak- 
ing the  total  number  now  in  the  library  8351." 
The  registration  amounts  to  6666  persons. 
There  were  issued  for  home  use  83,066  v.  (fict. 
77  %),  and  636  non-fiction  cards  are  in  use.  After 
the  first  few  months  free  access  was  given  to 
all  books,  a  concession  that  has  proved  "  bene- 
ficial to  the  public  and  economical  to  the  li- 
brary." Only  one  book  is  unaccounted  for. 
There  are  two  travelling  libraries  in  use,  one 
of  100  v.  loaned  to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  the  other, 
30  v.,  in  use  by  the  Workingmen'sClub.  "  These 
volumes  are  loaned  under  the  most  liberal  con- 
ditions, being  issued  on  a  single  card  which  is 
renewed  every  14  days.  The  association  bor- 
rowing the  volumes  (which  are  in  all  cases 
duplicates)  is  not  required  to  keep  an  exact 
record  of  the  circulation  and  is  not  held  re- 
sponsible for  the  loss  of  any  volume,  it  being 
believed  that  losses  of  this  character,  unavoid- 
able even  under  the  best  management,  will  be 
compensated  for  by  the  resultant  good  from  the 
circulation  of  the  volumes." 

Gen.  Greely,  president  of  the  association, 
says  :  "It  cannot  fail  to  be  a  source  of  grati- 
fication, and  especially  of  wonder,  that  this 
association,  beginning  its  active  work  Jan. 
6.  1896,  in  two  small  rented  rooms,  with  only 
3151  books,  mostly  gifts,  should  in  the  first 
year  circulate  upwards  of  100,000  volumes. 
No  effort  was  made  to  stimulate  the  circula- 
tion ;  indeed,  the  small  number  of  volumes  at 
the  beginning  constrained  the  board  of  trus- 
tees to  decline  the  issuance  of  non-fiction  and 
teachers'  cards,  for  fear  that  the  ordinary  de- 
mands could  not  be  met  by  the  stock  in  hand. 
From  month  to  month,  however,  through  gener- 


ous friends,  the  number  of  books  grew  steadily, 
keeping  pace  with  the  registration  and  the  de- 
mand for  literature.  Ii  thus  resulted  that  from 
average  daily  loans  of  113  volumesin  January, 
from  a  stock  of  3721  volumes,  the  issues  of  the 
library  rose  almost  uninterruptedly  to  an  aver- 
age of  416  volumes  daily  from  a  stock  of  8270 
volumes  in  November.  At  the  end  of  the  year, 
much  to  the  surprise  of  every  one,  and  not  the 
least  to  the  board  of  trustees,  it  appeared  that 
the  total  use  of  the  library  had  aggregated 
100,446  volumes  ;  that  the  average  daily  circu- 
lation had  been  333.7  volumes  ;  that  the  num- 
ber of  persons  registered  as  borrowers  reached 
6666  ;  that  the  number  of  volumes  in  the  library 
had  increased  to  8531,  and  that  there  was  a  sur- 
plus in  the  treasury  sufficient  to  pay  the  ex- 
penses of  the  opening  month  of  1897." 

Washington,  D.  C.  U.  S.  Congressional  L. 
On  Feb.  10  two  clerks  employed  in  the  Con- 
gressional Library  were  arrested  by  the  Secret 
Service  officers,  charged  with  theft  of  many  of 
the  most  valuable  autograph  letters  and  docu- 
ments deposited  in  the  library.  The  men  ar- 
rested, Philip  McElhone  and  Lewis  McK.  Tur- 
ner, were  committed  to  jail  in  default  of  $3000 
bail.  The  robberies,  it  has  been  ascertained, 
were  effected  by  means  of  duplicate  keys,  and 
have  been  in  progress,  it  is  said,  since  last 
August.  The  room  in  which  the  stolen  docu- 
ments were  kept  was  one  of  the  upper  cham- 
bers of  the  library,  and  the  confusion  incident 
to  the  change  of  quarters  to  the  new  building  is 
believed  to  have  facilitated  the  thefts.  One  of 
the  most  important  documents  stolen  was  a  diary 
of  George  Washington  of  1784,  and  a  letter  of  in- 
quiry concerning  this,  received  from  a  New  York 
dealer  to  whom  it  had  been  offered,  was  the 
means  of  revealing  the  whole  affair.  This 
dealer  had  a  short  time  previously  received  a 
letter  offering  for  sale  certain  autograph  let- 
ters. Later  two  young  men  called  upon  him 
and  he  made  some  purchases.  After  this  there 
was  further  communication,  and  then  came  an 
offer  of  the  Washington  diary.  He  became 
suspicious  and  wrote  a  letter  to  one  of  the  sen- 
ators, inquiring  if  any  of  the  government's 
collection  of  documents  were  missing.  The 
senator  replied  negatively,  apparently  not  con- 
cerning himself  much  about  the  inquiry.  This 
did  not  satisfy  the  dealer,  whose  suspicion  was 
further  aroused  by  the  low  price  put  on  the 
diary.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was 
written  to,  and  at  last  the  Secret  Service  offi- 
cers started  to  investigate.  Inquiry  at  the  dif- 
ferent departments  showed  that  nothing  of  the 
nature  described  had  been  stolen.  Then  the 
detectives  went  to  the  capitol  and  an  examina- 
tion of  the  autograph  files  by  Librarian  Spof- 
ford  resulted  in  the  discovery  that  nearly  100 
documents  were  missing.  Proofs  were  finally 
traced  to  Turner  and  McElhone,  who  were  de- 
scribed by  the  New  York  dealer,  and  both  men, 
on  examination,  admitted  having  offered  the 
documents  for  sale,  but  said  that  they  had  not 
abstracted  them  from  the  library.  A  number 
of  the  stolen  documents,  350  in  all,  were  re- 
turned to  Chief  Hazen,  of  the  Secret  Service, 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


161 


from  his  officers  in  New  York  on  Feb.  16,  hav- 
ing been  recovered  from  the  various  dealers 
and  other  persons  who  had  bought  them  from 
Turner  and  McElhone.  The  actual  number  of 
documents  stolen  has  not  yet  been  staled.  It 
is  said  that  a  special  congressional  committee 
will  be  appointed  to  investigate  the  matter. 

Williamsburg,  Mass.  Meekins  L.  The  li- 
brary building  given  to  the  town  of  Williams- 
burg  by  the  late  Stephen  Meekins  was  dedi- 
cated on  the  evening  of  Feb.  i.  The  exercises 
were  held  at  the  Congregational  church.  The 
building,  which  cost  about  $12,000,  is  one  story, 
40  by  50  feet,  and  of  classic  design.  The 
exterior  walls  are  of  rock-faced  granite  with 
Ohio  sandstone  trimmings.  Entrance  to  the 
main  hall  is  through  a  lobby  with  polished 
granite  columns  on  each  side.  The  main  hall 
is  in  the  centre  of  the  building,  22  feet  long  and 
12  feet  wide,  covered  by  a  dome  and  ceiling 
light  of  stained  glass.  To  the  right  of  this 
hall  is  the  stack-room,  16  by  30  feet  and  12  feet 
high,  this  being  the  uniform  height  of  all  the 
rooms.  The  stacks  are  built  to  accommodate 
10,000  volumes,  but  they  can  be  raised  and  the 
capacity  doubled.  At  the  further  end  of  the 
hall  is  the  private  office  of  the  librarian,  10  by 
12  feet.  At  the  left  of  the  front  entrance  is  the 
reading-room,  22  by  16  feet,  and  back  of  this  is 
the  reference-room,  15  by  16  feet.  The  rooms 
are  lighted  with  large  plate-glass  windows, 
which  have  ornamental  transoms  of  stained 
glass.  The  building  is  heated  with  hot  air  and 
lighted  with  gas.  In  the  basement  is  the  town 
vault.  The  library  starts  work  with  about  8000 
v.,  2400  of  which  were  transferred  from  the 
local  library  association. 

FOREIGN. 

Aberdeen  (Scot  1.)  P.  L.  (i2.th  rpt.  — year  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  '96.)  Added  1938  ;  total  45,221 
(21,104  in  ref.  dept.).  Issued,  home  use  199,- 
500  (net.  50.93$);  ref.  use  15,769;  reading- 
room  52,529.  There  were  8398  borrowers' tick- 
ets issued,  of  which  676  were  extra  non-fiction 
cards. 

The  plan  of  allowing  free  access  to  a  large 
collection  of  books  in  the  reference-room  has 
worked  well,  and  has  led  to  the  exhibition,  for 
choice  and  examination  in  open  cases,  of  all 
new  books  added  to  the  various  departments. 
Electric  light  was  installed  in  the  library  build- 
ing during  the  year. 

"  Since  January  the  library  has  been  recog- 
nized as  a  branch  of  the  Emigrants'  Infor- 
mation Office,  established  at  Westminster  under 
the  direction  of  the  Colonial  Office  for  the  pur- 
pose of  supplying  intending  emigrants  with 
accurate  and  trustworthy  information  respect- 
ing the  colonies.  The  result  has  been  the 
dissemination  of  a  large  number  of  govern- 
mental circulars  and  handbooks,  and  there  is 
reason  to  think  that  in  this  way  a  considerable 
service  has  been  rendered  to  many  in  the  town 
and  surrounding  districts." 

Frank f or t-on- Main.  The  library  of  Gustav 
Freytag  was  recently  purchased  by  Leopold 
Sonneman,  proprietor  of  the  Frankfurter  Zei- 


tung,  and  presented  by  him  to  the  City  Library 
of  Frankfort.  The  collection  includes  over 
6000  v.,  and  is  especially  rich  in  German  his- 
tory, philology,  and  literature  from  the  isth 
century  to  modern  times.  The  library  is  to 
be  kept  as  a  separate  collection  and  will  be 
known  as  the  Gustav  Freytag  Library. 

Johannesburg,  South  Africa.  The  Johannes- 
burg Public  Library  will  soon  remove  to  a  fine 
new  building,  which  has  been  in  process  of 
construction  for  some  time  past,  and  which 
will  cost  $100,000.  Its  present  quarters  are 
cramped  and  inadequate. 

Leipzig.  The  library  of  the  late  Prof.  Emile 
Du  Bois  Reymond,  of  Berlin,  has  recently  been 
put  upon  the  market  by  Gustave  Fock,  of  Leip- 
zig. The  collection  comprises  about  14.000 
volumes  and  pamphlets  relating  to  physiology, 
physics,  philosophy,  and  allied  sciences  ;  many 
of  them  contain  comments  and  annotations  by 
Prof.  Du  Bois  Reymond.  It  includes  also  a 
number  of  valuable  sets  of  scientific  journals 
and  series.  The  collection  is  priced  at  22,000  m. 

G.  Hedeler,  of  Leipzig,  offers  for  sale  a  fine 
private  collection  of  works  on  electricity, 
gathered  since  1850  by  a  well-known  electrician 
and  engineer.  It  contains  2000  books  and 
about  5000  pamphlets  and  periodicals,  and  is 
rich  in  publications  relating  to  early  telegraphy ; 
of  recent  issues  it  includes  only  rarer  and  more 
expensive  works.  The  collection  is  fully  cat- 
aloged. 


fJrostical  Notes. 


PRESERVATION  OF  BOUND  NEWSPAPERS.  The 
following  label  is  used  on  all  volumes  of  bound 
newspapers  in  the  Boston  Athenaum: 


HANDLE   WITH  GREAT  CARE. 


1.  The  paper  on  which  newspapers  are 
printed  is  generally  of  poor  quality  and 
grows  brittle  with  age. 

2.  Most  newspapers  are  difficult  or  im- 
possible to  replace  if  worn  or  injured,  and, 
unlike  other  publications,  they  will  never 
be  reprinted.     Only  a  very  small  number 
of  copies  exist  anywhere. 

3.  Future  generations  of  readers  have 
a  claim  on  these  volumes,   which  should 
be  respected. 

THEREFORE 
HANDLE   CAREFULLY. 


Mr.  Lane  says,  regarding  this  new  device, 
"  It  seems  to  us  of  the  highest  importance 
that  newspaper  volumes,  of  which  there  are  so 
few  duplicates  in  existence,  and  which  are 
printed  on  particularly  poor  paper,  should  be 
handled  with  special  regard  to  their  penshabl. 
nature  and  the  importance  of  preserving  them. 


162 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


CJMfts  anb  JBcqneete. 


Creek,  Mich.  By  the  will  of  Charles 
Willard,  who  died  on  Feb.  i,  the  sum  of  $40,- 
ooo  is  bequeathed  to  Battle  Creek  for  a  public 
library. 

Franklin  and  Marshall  College,  Lancaster,  Pa. 
By  the  will  of  the  late  Peter  Kerlen,  of  St. 
Thomas,  Pa,  the  library  of  Franklin  and  Mar- 
shall College  will  receive  about  f  10,000  as  an 
endowment  for  the  purchase  of  books.  This 
is  the  second  gift  the  library  of  the  college  has 
received  this  year,  the  first  being  the  De  Pey- 
ster  library  building,  work  on  which  has  al- 
ready begun. 

University  of  Texas,  Austin.  On  Feb.  22, 
Swante  Palm,  of  Austin,  presented  to  the  uni- 
versity library  his  valuable  private  library  of 
25,000  v.  Mr.  Palm,  who  was  born  in  Sweden 
in  1815,  has  lived  in  Texas  for  53  years,  and 
for  the  past  31  years  has  been  Swedish  vice- 
consul  in  Austin  ;  in  1883  King  Oscar  of  Swe- 
den conferred  upon  him  the  order  or  Knights 
of  Warsaw.  His  library  is  a  miscellaneous 
collection,  with  a  special  tendency  toward 
works  on  art. 

Winona,  Minn.  On  Feb.  6,  W.  H.  Laird,  of 
Winona,  offered  to  present  to  the  city  of  Wi- 
nona a  public  library  building  to  cost  $40,000,  on 
condition  that  the  city  furnish  the  site,  and 
also  increase  the  tax  levy  for  the  support  of 
the  library  from  f  of  a  mill  to  one  mill  for  a 
period  of  10  years,  the  tax  levy  after  that 
period  to  be  never  less  than  \  mill. 

^Librarians. 


BULLOCK,  Miss  Edna  Dean,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '94,  has  recently 
gone  to  Nebraska  City,  Neb.,  to  organize  the 
public  library  and  supervise  its  arrangement  in 
the  new  quarters  provided  by  Mr.  Joy  Morton. 
Mrs.  W.  M.  Cornutt  has  been  elected  librarian. 

BURCHARU,  E.  L.,  librarian  of  the  Field  Co- 
lumbian Museum,  of  Chicago,  has  recently  sev- 
ered his  conneciion  with  that  institution,  and 
Mr.  Juul  Dieserud,  formerly  assistant  libra- 
rian, has  received  the  appointment  as  his  suc- 
cessor. Mr.  Dieserud  holds  three  degrees  from 
the  Royal  University  of  Christiania,  Norway, 
where  for  years  he  applied  himself  to  the  study 
of  philology,  ancient  and  modern.  He  has 
been  with  Mr.  Burch^rd  as  his  only  assistant 
since  the  opening  of  the  museum.  The  library 
now  numbers  8000  books  and  about  the  same 
number  of  pamphlets,  all  on  scientific  subjects. 

DAVIS,  Miss  Florence,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  Rockville  (Ct.)  Free  Library, 
succeeding  Miss  Keating,  resigned.  Miss  Davis 
has  had  several  years'  experience  in  the  Hart- 
ford (Ct.)  Public  L'brary. 

DELAP-SUTERMF.ISTER.  Miss  Louise  M.  Su- 
termeister,  librarian  of  the  Eau  Claire  (W'is.) 
Public  Library,  was  married  on  Dec.  24,  1896, 
to  Silas  Charles  Delap,  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


Miss  SutermeSster  is  a  graduate  of  the   New 
York  State  Library  School,  class  of  '90. 

DYCHE-BKNNETT.  On  Feb.  n,  Miss  May  L. 
Bennett,  of  the  Armour  Institute  Library  staff, 
was  married  to  William  A.  Dyche,  mayor  of 
Evanston,  111.  Miss  Bennett  was  a  member  of 
the  New  York  State  Library  School,  class  of 
'94  (undergraduate),  and  was  active  in  library 
work  in  Chicago,  being  for  over  a  year  secre- 
tary of  the  Chicago  Library  Club. 

MACK,  Miss  Katharine  M.,  for  two  years  as- 
sistant-in-chaige  of  the  Astral  branch  of  the 
Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  has  been  appoint- 
ed librarian  of  the  Public  Library  of  Westfield, 
N.  Y. 

METCALF,  Miss  Anna,  librarian  of  the  Harris 
Institute  Library  of  Woonsocket,  R.  I.,  has 
been  granted  six  months'  leave  of  absence  for 
foreign  travel.  She  will  go  abroad  on  March 
31,  and  will  spend  much  of  the  summer  in  Ger- 
many. During  her  absence  Miss  Ama  H.  Ward, 
of  Amherst,  Mass.,  will  have  charge  of  the  In- 
stitute library. 

ROBBINS,  Miss  Mary  E.,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '92,  is  arranging 
and  cataloging  the  Port  Jervis  (N.  Y.)Free  Li- 
brary. 

STOCKWELL,  George  W.  C. ,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '95  (undergrad- 
uate), is  cataloging  and  classifying  the  Y.  M.  C. 
A.  Library  of  Ware,  Mass. 

Cataloging  anb  QTIassifiration. 

ALDEN,  H.  W.  The  decimal  index  in  the  draft- 
ing-room. (In  American  Machinist,  Feb.  4, 
1897,  20  :  99.)  4^  col. 

Mr.  Alden  describes  his  method  of  indexing 
drawings  and  patterns.  "  I  do  not  propose  the 
adoption  of  that  part  of  Mr.  Dewey's  classifica- 
tion devoted  to  mechanical  engineering,  be- 
cause it  is  far  too  general  in  its  nature  at  pres- 
ent, and  not  sufficiently  subdivided.  The  work 
of  any  drafting-rcom  forms  too  small  a  part  of 
the  general  subject  of  mechanical  engineering 
to  permit  the  use  of  even  a  perfect  classifica- 
tion of  that  subject,  as  the  subdivisions  would 
have  to  be  carried  too  far." 

BRUMMER,  Franz.    Lexikon  der  deutschen  Dich- 
ter  und  Prosaisten  der  19.   Jahrhunderts.  4th 
ed.,  enl.      Leipzig.  Reclam,  1896.     2  v.,  477, 
455  P*    (Reclam's  Universal  Bibl.,  nos.  1981  - 
1990  and  3531-3540.)     cl.     5m. 
Contains  biographies  of  4800  authors,  an  in- 
crease of  1400  over  those  in  the  third  edition. 
The  list  of  pseudonyms  also  has  been  consid- 
erably enlarged. 

CARNEGIE  F.  L  ,  Allegheny,  Pa.      Catalogue  of 
fiction:  Supplement  no.  i,  includi' g  additions 
from  Jan.,  1895,  to  Jan.,  1897.     Authors- ti- 
tles.    58  p.  O. 
In  the  preface  Mr.  Stevenson  explains  his 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'63 


reasons  for  withdrawing  from  circulation  some 
of  the  trashier  class  of  novels;  following  is  a 
"list  of  books  no  longer  on  the  shelves,"  in 
which  is  recorded  the  names  of  the  authors 
who  have  been  dropped.  These  include  Alger, 
"  Robert  Appleton,"  C.  M.  Braeme,  "  G.  Col- 
more,"  Martha  Finley,  May  Agnes  Fleming, 
Fosdick  ("  Harry  Castlemon  " ),  A.  C.  Gunter, 
Mrs.  Holmes,  E.  P.  Roe,  L.  Rousselet,  Mrs. 
Southworth,  Mrs.  Terhune  ("Marion  Har- 
land"),  Augusta  Evans  Wilson,  Virginia  Woods. 

The  CARNEGIE  L.  (Pittsburgh)  Bulletin  for 
February  contains  a  short  reading  list  (2  p.) on 
Richard  Wagner. 

A  CHURCH  reference  library.  (In   Outlook,  Feb. 

20,  1897,  55  :  548.)    2  p. 

A  classified  comprehensive  list  of  books  help- 
ful to  Sunday-school  teachers  and  others  in- 
terested in  Bible  study. 

DENVKR  (Colo.)  P.  L.  has  recently  issued 
"Trades  Assembly  list  no.  i,"  a  list  of  books, 
magazines,  articles,  etc.,  dealing  with  the  his- 
tory of  labor  unions  (53  titles),  of  which  copies 
have  been  distributed  to  2000  members  of  local 
labor  unions.  "Trades  Assembly  list  no.  2" 
relates  to  money,  banking,  bimetallism,  etc., 
and  includes  131  titles;  it  is  compiled  by  F.  D. 
Tandy.  The  report  of  the  teachers'  insiitute 
held  in  Denver,  Oct.  31,  1896,  compiled  by  Mr. 
Dana  and  published  by  School  District  no.  i, 
Denver,  contains,  p.  42-52,  an  interesting 
"list  of  books  on  drawing,  art,  and  allied  sub- 
jects in  the  Public  Library." 

LOWELL  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  Bulletin  for  Febru- 
ary contains  Reference  list  no.  3,  on  municipal 
government  (9  p.). 

NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
February  contains  Reference  list  no.  19,  on 
William  Hamilton  Gibson. 

N.  Y.  F.  L.  OF  THE  GENERAL  SOCIETY  OF  ME- 
CHANICS AND  TRADESMEN.  Monthly  bulletin 
of  new  books,  no.  i:  additions  during  Jan- 
uary-February, 1897. 

N.  Y.  MERCANTILE  L.  Bulletin  of  new  books, 
no.  17,  October,  1896.  44  p.  O. 

The  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  February  con- 
tains among  other  interesting  notes  a  6-p.  list 
of  "periodicals  relating  to  language  and  phi- 
lology in  the  New  York  Public  Library  and 
Columbia  University  Library." 

The  OSTERHOUT  F.  L.  (Wilkesbarre,  Pa.) 
Newsletter  continues  in  its  February  number 
the  excellent  series  of  reading  notes  on  Eng- 
lish history  from  Edward  I.  to  Richard  n. 

The  OTIS  L.  (Norwich,  Ct.)  Bulletin  for  Janu- 
ary has  a  short  reference  list  on  the  History 
of  the  Christian  Church,  compiled  at  the  re- 
quest of  a  local  Epworth  League.  In  the 
February  mmber  is  a  short  reading  list  on 
English  literature,  to  be  used  in  connection 
with  the  series  of  lectures  on  the  subject  de- 
livered by  Mr.  Richard  Burton. 


PATERSON  (M  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
January  contains  reference  lists  on  George 
Washington  and  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  a 
classed  list  on  Italian  painting  supplied  with 
brief  critical  notes  by  Prof.  J.  C.  Van  Dyke,  of 
Rutgers  College. 

The  PROVIDENCE  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
February  contains  reference  lists  41  and  42.  on 
"Mendelssohn  and  the  oratorio  of  Elijah," 
and  "Schubert,"  and  special  catalog  no.  n, 
listing  additions  to  the  "School  duplicate  col- 
lection." 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  devotes 
its  chief  special  reading  list  in  the  February 
number  to  London  ;  there  are  also  short  lists 
on  Philip  Gilbert  Hamerton  and  the  Best  books 
of  1895  :  literature. 

The  SOMERVILLE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
February  lists  all  the  German  books  in  the  li- 
brary, and  has  also  a  short  reading  list  on 
Cuba. 

The  WALTHAM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
February  has  a  special  classed  list  on  Ger- 
many, embracing  history,  biography,  historical 
fiction,  travel,  literature,  and  art  (6  p.). 

CHANGED  TITLES. 

"The  land  o1  the  leal,"  by  David  Lyall, 
[Dodd,  N.  Y.],  is  the  same  as  "Heather  from 
the  brae,"  by  David  Lyall  [Revell,  N.  Y.],  ex- 
cept that  it  has  thrle  additional  stories,  and 
the  stories  are  differently  grouped.  Is  there 
no  way  of  stopping  such  frauds  upon  the 
public?  JOHN  EDMANDS. 

FULL  NAMES. 
The  following  are  supplied  by  Harvard  Collect  Library: 

Camp,  Cyrus  Carpenter  (Labor,  capital,  and 
money  ;  their  just  relations) ; 

Farnham,  Amos  W:  (Oswego  normal  method 
of  teaching  geography) ; 

Franceschi,  Francesco  (Santa  Barbara  exotic 
flora) ; 

Giffin,  W:  Milford  (Supplementary  work  in 
arithmetic.  Pt.  I.  Lines) ; 

Howe,  Herbert  Alonzo  (Elements  of  descrip- 
tive astronomy) ; 

Howell,  Edwin  Cull,  and  Young,  Franklin 
Knowles  (The  minor  tactics  of  chess) ; 

Jackson,  Robert  Tracy  (Methods  of  labelling 
trees  and  p'ants) ; 

Kelsey,  Francis  Willey  (The  Presbyterian 
church  and  the  University  of  Michigan) ; 

Lighthill,  E:  Bunford,  and  August  P.  (A 
popular  treatise  on  deafness) ; 

Pidgin,  C:  Felton  (The  lord  of  the  sea)  ; 

Smith.  J:  L.  (Mapa  de  la  isla  de  Cuba)  ; 

Wenley,  Robert  M:  (Contemporary  theology 
and  theism)  ; 

Wetmore,  C:  A:  (Treatise  on  wine  produc- 

Wr'ight,  C:  Herbert,  and  Wing,  C:  B:  (A 
manual  of  bridge  drafting). 

Spahr,  C:  Barzillai,  Ph.D.,  author  of  "An 
essay  on  the  present  distribution  of  wealth  in 
the  United  States."  N.  Y.  [c.  1896.]  W:  J.  J. 


164 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


Uibliogrnfi}. 


ANATOMY.  Bibliographic  anatomique:  Revue 
des  travaux  en  langue  frangaise:  Anatomic, 
histologie,  embryologie,  anthropologie;  di- 
rection: A.  Nicolas.  AnneeiSgy.  Paris,  Ber- 
ger-Levrault  &  Cie.,  1897.  8°.  10  fr. 

AUSTEN,  Jane.     Adams.  Oscar  Fay.     The  story 
of  Jane  Austen's  life.     New  ed.,  il.     Bost., 
Lee  &  Shepard,  1897.     280  p.  D.     $2. 
Contains  7-p.   bibliography,  of  writings  by 

and  about  Miss  Austen  (p.  259-265). 

BARNARD,  Henry.      Monroe,    Will   S.      Bibli- 
ography of  Henry  Barnard.     (In  Journal  of 
Education  :  New  England  and  National,  Feb. 
16,  1897,  45:95-)     3  col. 
The  titles  are  arranged  as  follows: 

1.  Publications  by  Henry  Barnard. 

a.  Official  reports  and  documents,  .    4  titles 

b.  Editorial  and  journalistic  work,    6     " 

c.  Monographs  and  addresses,    .    .    9     " 

2.  Publications  relating  to  Henry  Barnard. 

a.  American, 74     " 

b.  European, .  20     " 

ENTOMOLOGY.  Henshaw,  S:  Bibliography  of 
the  more  importantconttibutions  to  American 
economic  entomology;  prepared  by  authority 
of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture.  Part  5:  The 
more  important  writings  of  government  and 
state  entomologists  and  of  other  contributors 
to  the  literature  of  American  economic  en- 
tomology, L-Z.  Wash.,  Gov.  Print.  Office, 
1896.  180  p.  O. 

FRANCO -PRUSSIAN  WAR.  Palat,  Commandant. 
Bibliographic  g6nerale  de  la  guerre  de  1870- 
71:  Repertoire  alphab6tique  et  raisonne  des 
publications  de  toute  nature  concernant  la 
guerre  franco-allemande  parues  en  France 
et  a  1'etranger.  Paris,  Berger-Levrault  & 
Cie.,  1897.  600 p.  8°.  15  fr. 

GEOLOGY.  Catalogue  des  bibliographies  geolo- 
giques  ;  redige,  avec  le  concours  des  mem- 
bres  de  la  Commission  bibliographique  du 
Congres,  par  Emm.  de  Margerie.  Paris, 
Gauthier-Villars  et  Fils,  1896.  20  +  733  p. 
Reviewed  in  Science,  Jan.  29,  1897. 

GEOLOGY.  Watson,  T.  L.  Bibliography  of  the 
geological,  mineralogical,  and  palaeontologi- 
cal  literature  of  the  state  of  Virginia,  no  p. 
8°,  pap.  Ithaca,  .N.-Y.,  1897,  (Bulletins  of 
American  palaeontology,  vol.  2,  no.  7.) 

GREECE.  Legrand,  Emile.  Bibliographic  hel- 
lenique  ;  ou,  description  raisonnee  des  ou- 


vrages  publics  par  les  Grecs  au  xvn«  siecle. 
Tome  iv.  Paris,  Alphonse  Picard  &  Fils, 
1897.  540  p.  8°.  [Complete  work,  4v.,  100  fr.] 

MINERVA:  Jahrbuch  der  gelehrten  Welt.  He- 
rausg.  von  K:  Trtibner.  6  Jahrg.,  1896-1897. 
Por.  of  J.  de  Goeje,  etched  by  Therese 
Schwartze  in  Amsterdam.  Strassburg,  Karl 
J.  TrUbner,  1897.  24+1082  p.  32°.  8  m. 
The  volume  now  assumes  an  international 

character,    inasmuch    as    it   includes    foreign 

learned  societies. 

PHYSIOLOGY.  Richet,  Ch.  Bibliographia  physi- 
ologica,  1895.  R6pertoire  des  travaux  de 
physiologic  de  1'annee  1895,  classe  d'apres  la 
classification  decimale.  Paris,  F61ix  Alcan, 
1896.  115  p.  8°.  3.50  fr. 

SOCIOLOGY.  Stammhammer,  J.  Bibliographic 
der  Social- Politik.  Jena,  Gust.  Fischer,  1896. 
648  p.  8°.  18  m. 

SPAIN  AND  PORTUGAL.  FOULCHE-DELBOSC,  R. 
Bibliographic  des  voyages  en  Espagne  et  en 
Portugal.  Paris,  H.  Welter,  1896.  353  p. 
8°.  12  fr. 

SWINBURNE,  A.  C.  Literary  anecdotes  of  the 
nineteenth  century:  a  contribution  toward  a 
literary  history  of  the  period;  ed.  by  W. 
Robertson  Nicoll  and  T.  J.  Wise.  v.  2.  N. 
Y.,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  1897.  8°,  subs.,  $8. 
Incl.  a  bibliographical  list  of  the  scarcer 

works  and  uncollected  writings  of  Swinburne, 

p.  288-374. 

INDEXES. 

FLETCHER,  W:  I:,  and  Bowker,  R:  R.,  eds. 
The  annual  literary  index,  1896:  including 
periodicals,  American  and  English;  essays, 
book-chapters,  etc.;  with  author-index,  bibli- 
ographies, necrology,  and  index  to  dates  of 
principal  events;  ed.  with  the  co  operation  of 
members  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion and  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  staff. 
N.  Y.,  Office  of  The  Publishers'  Weekly,  1897. 
344  p.  O.  $3.50. 


QVnoniims  anb  Pscubonrms. 


Ruth  Ogden.  —  The  real  name  of  the  author 
of  "  His  little  royal  highness  "  is  Mrs.  Frances 
Otis  (Ogden)  Ide.  Mrs.  Ide  is  the  wife  of  Mr. 
Charles  W.  Ide,  of  Brooklyn.  E.  R.  NEISSER. 

CORRECTION.  —  Cushing's  "  Initials  and  pseu- 
donyms," vol.  i,  p.  285,  col.  2. 

Traveler,  A.  C.     Mrs.  H.  K.  W.  Clarke. 

J.  C.  ROWELL. 


March,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  r6s 

IMPERFECT  SETS. 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  periodical  literature  in  modern  libraries,  THE 
BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  established  its  Library  Department  with  the  idea  that  a 
definite  service  could  be  rendered  overworked  librarians  by  an  intelligent  effort  to 
supply  them  with  sets  of  periodicals  and  Society  transactions  bibliographically  com- 
plete and  materially  perfect. 

Under  the  old  method,  librarians  were  forced  to  buy  such  sets  or  parts  of  sets 
as  appeared  on  booksellers'  catalogues,  or  were  privately  offered  to  them,  taking 
their  chances  as  to  the  completeness  or  perfectness  of  the  sets.  Before  the  publica- 
tion of  "  Poole's  Index  "  the  shortcomings  of  such  a  mode  of  purchase  were  not 
apparent,  because  the  deficiencies  in  sets  so  bought  were  not  brought  to  special 
notice  ;  but  in  these  days  of  thorough  indexing  the  constant  showing  up  of  tanta- 
lizing defects  obliges  the  conscientious  librarian  to  assume  the  labor  of  collation,  and 
the  subsequent  vexatious  time  and  money  cost  involved  in  trying  to  make  the 
defects  good. 

It  is  exactly  this  burdensome  and  wasteful  labor  which  THE  BOSTON  BOOK 
COMPANY  has  endeavored  to  save  librarians,  by  supplying  only  sets  which  have 
passed  through  the  hands  of  a  conscientious  and  carefully  trained  staff  of  collators 

We  find,  however,  that  some  librarians  still  prefer  to  buy  sets  by  the  old 
method,  and  to  such  librarians  we  wish  to  make  it  known,  that  while  we  consider 
our  method  the  economical  and  preferable  one  to  libraries  in  the  end,  we  are  entirely 
willing  to  sell  uncollated  sets  to  such  as  prefer  to  buy  them. 

We  have  always  a  great  many  uncollated  sets  on  hand  (because  conscientious 
collation  is  a  tedious  and  time-consuming  work)  and  we  can  offer  them  as  cheaply 
as  any  other  dealers.  In  such  cases  we  will  make  an  offer  of  the  volumes  actually 
on  hand,  but  will  not  undertake  that  every  page,  title-page,  index,  supplement, 
appendix,  plate,  or  map  is  supplied,  as  we  do  ordinarily. 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  only  asks  that  a  fair  comparison  of  price  and 
quality  be  made,  and  is  perfectly  willing  to  sell  to  librarians  on  any  method  they 
may  prefer. 

Remainder  Stock  of  Poole  Sets. 

We  have  bound  up  for  libraries  a  few  sets  of  two  periodicals  that  are  to  be 
included  in  the  next  supplement  to  "  Poole's  Index,"  viz.: 

"The  Law  Quarterly  Review,"  of  London,  12  vols.,  cloth,  $30.00  (regular 
price  in  law  sheep,  $48.00,  nef)\  and  "The  Juridical  Review,"  of  Edinburgh, 
7  vols.,  cloth,  $24.50  (regular  price  in  law  sheep,  $33.25,  net). 

This  special  price  for  cloth  sets  applies  only  to  our  stock  now  on  hand. 

These  two  sets  are  recommended  to  the  attention  of  librarians  of  General 
Libraries.  Sample  numbers  will  be  sent  on  application. 


THE   BOSTON   BOOK  CO., 

Beacon  Street,  -  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


1 66  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [March,  '97 

FOR  AMERICAN  LIBRARIES  ONLY.  FROM  H.  WELTER   PARIS   RUE  BONAPARTE.  59. 

RERUM  GALLICARUM  ET  FRANCICARUM 

Cf^T?  T  Pnrr^TP  T7C      (*««  Bm net  5e  ed.,  Vol.  I., 
OV^IS-lr   1  V_/rxIlO         col.  1174  nnder  ROUQUET.) 

23  Yolumes  folio,     Paris  1868-94.     Cost  1150  fr,  .  ,  for  575  francs,  =  115  dollars 

BINDING  EXTRA:  Cloth,  edges  uncut:  11O  francs.  —  Half  morocco 
(demi-chagrin)  marbled  edges:  15O  francs.  —  Half  morocco  (demi-chagrin)  top 
gilt:  18O  francs.  —  Full  sheep-leather  (basane  racine)  18O  francs. — The  same 
binding  with  red  edges :  2OO  francs. 


NEVER  BEFORE  has  a  work  like  the  RECUEIL  DES  HISTORIENS  DES  GAULES  ET 
DE  LA  FRANCE,  been  sold  at  such  a  STUPENDOUSLY  LOW  PRICE. 

NEVER  AGAIN  will  such  an  important  library  work  appear  in  the  market  on  terms  only 
HALF  AS  FAVORABLE  as  those  on  which  I  now,  and  for  a  short  time  only,  will  supply  the 
complete  set  of  the  learned  LEOPOLD  DELISLE'S  reissue  of  the  RECUEIL,  or  DOM 
BOUQUET  as  it  is  more  generally  called. 

ONE  WORK  ONLY  can  be  compared  with  it,  viz.:  the  PERTZ  (Monutnenta  Germanise 
historica),  the  market  value  of  which  is  now  45OO  francs.  /  have  a  bound  copy  for  sale  at 
this  price. 

The  RECUEIL  had  already  been  valued  at, 2000  frs.  in  I860  (vide  BRUNET),  before  an 
enterprising  Paris  Publisher,  M.  Victor  PALMfi,  had  undertaken  this  reprint,  which  reproduces 
line  tor  line  the  Original  Edition,  and  which  has  been  brought  out  under  the  supervision  of  a 
Commission  of  members  of  L'INSTITUT  DE  FRANCE.  Such  a  control  is  a  full  guarantee  for 
the  excellency  of  this  monumental  work,  the  sets  as  well  as  the  odd  volumes  of  which 
are  now  my  property. 

HOW  CAME  THE  WORK  INTO  MY   HANDS? 

Well  !  a  bold  Publisher  produced  within  12  years  more  than  10O  folios,  as  many 
quartos,  and  innumerable  octavos.  At  length  he  found  that  he  had  gone  too  fast.  Difficul- 
ties ensued,  I  profited  by  them,  and  now  propose  to  share  those  profits  largely  with  my  customers. 

Some  other  first-class  works  had  already  become  my  property,  out  of  the  same  publisher's 
best  productions,  in  the  same  way,  and  partly  have  been  completed  by  me,  viz.: 
i°    TKESOR  DE  CIIKONOLOGIE,  par  lecomte  de  Mas  Latrie.   (I  sold  700  copies  in  4  years.)  Folio.     1889 

Cost  too  fr.,  for SO  fr.=  10  dollars 

a°    REVUE  DES  QUESTIONS  HISTOKIQUES,   1866-1896,  and  tables.    62  vols.    8°  (only  a  few  sets 

left).    Cost  660  fr.,  for 320  fr.=64  dollars 

3e    LES  KPOPEES  FRANC  AISES,  par  Leon  Gautier.    4  vols.    1878-93  (1300  copies  sold  already).    Nearly 

out  of  print.    Cost  80  fr.,  for 65  fr.=  13  dollars 

4°    HISTOIRE  LITTERAIRE  DE  LA  FRANCE.    32  vols.  4°  (now  very  rare).    Sells 

672  fr.=  134  dollars 

EVERY  PUBLIC  or  CITY  LIBRARY,  EVERY  UNIVERSITY  and  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 
should  possess  these  five  works,  which  I  offer,  if  taken  together,  instead  of  2662  fr., 

FOR  155O  frs.  unbound  (330  dollais). 

FOR  2OOO  frs.  bound  in  substantial  library  binding.  (For  packing,  consular  invoice,  and 
shipping  free  to  the  port  of  New  York,  I  charge  12  dollars  extra,  which  is  half  the  real  cost.) 

Other  important  remainders  will  be  found  in  my  catalogues.  Here  I  beg  to  draw  your  atten- 
tion to  the  following  : 

4°  DU  CANGE.  Glossarium  latinitatis.  Last  edition.  10  vols.  4°,  thick  paper.  Cost  400  fr.,  for  200  fr., 

bound  for  240  fr. 

5°  The  same  work,  D  lit  oil  paper  copies,  cost  600  fr.,  for 300  fr.,  bound  for  350  fr. 

6°  ENCYCLOPAEDIE  DER  NATCRWISSENSCHAFTEN.  Vols.  i  to  27.  8°.  Cost  390  Marks= 

487  fr.  50,  for ". 36  dollars,  bound  for  54  dollars 

7°  ANNUAIREDE  LA  SOCIETE  FRANOAISE  DE  N  UMISMATIQUE  ET  D'ARCHE- 

O  LOG  IE,  full  set,  1866-96.  19  vols.,  large  8°  numerous  plates.  Cost  570  fr.,  for  240  fr.,  bound  for  300  fr. 
8°  CATALOGUE  DES  THESES  SOUTENCES  EN  FRANCE  de  1803  4  1890.  I.  and  III.,  Phar- 

macie. — II.  Sciences.    3  vols.,  3°,  with  plates.    Cost  22  fr.  50,  for 15  fr.,   bound  for  20  fr. 

(Important  bibliographical  work.completing  the  French  General  Catalogues  by  Lorenz  and  Querard.) 

9°    MEY ER-LUEBKE.      Grammaire    des  langues  romanes.      I.  Phonetique.      II.   Morphologic.     1800-94 

Cost  45  fr.,  new  for 36  fr.,  bound  for  44  fr. 

C  A  r ALOGUE  des  Incunables  de  la  Bibliotheque  Mazarine.  8°,  1893.   Cost  40  fr.,  for.  .20  fr.,  bound  for  25  fr. 
HARRISSE  (Henry).    The  Discovery  of  North  America.  4°,  818  pp.,  and  23  maps,  1892.    Cost  150  fr.,  for  100  fr. 

The  same  work  Dutcli  paper,  250  fr.  (33  £  off) Japanese  Vellum,  400  fr.  (33  %  off) 

This  present  offer  is  expressly  intended  for  American  Libraries.  The  prices  are 
generally  even  under  my  Local  Trade  Prices,  and  my  offer  should  therefore  be  under- 
stood as  strictly  for  direct  dealing  with  Libraries  only,  and  not  for  orders  sent  through 
agents,  to  whom  these  prices  will  be  refused. 

H.  WELTER,  Export  Bookseller  and  Dealer  in   second-hand    Books.      Purchasing   agent   for  the  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  Ann  Arbor,  Berkeley  (Cat.),  Madison,  New  Haven,  Toronto,  Chicago,  etc. 


March,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  ,67 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonfcon  (fojencg  for  (American  EiBtwies 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 
FOUNDED    IN    1866. 

@Tf  PPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 
Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  JBoofts  3founE>. 
Sets  dDat)e  "dp, 

of  3£\?erg  Class. 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College. 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY, 

28  Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 

Member  American  Library  Association.          SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


i63 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[Afarch,  '97 


.BOOKS    W ANTED. 

Any  one  desiring  to  dispose  of  copies  of  the  following  insurance  publications  will  please 
communicate  with  S.  S.  McC.,  P.  O.  Box  555,  New  York  City  : 

STATE  INSURANCE  REPORTS. 

Dates  given  refer  to  YEAR  OF  BUSINESS  cov- 
ered by  Report  and  not  to  date  of  publication. 
Dates  are  inclusive.     Part  i  signifies  the  Fire 
Report ;  Part  2,  the  Life  Report. 
ALABAMA  :    Everything   prior  to  year  ending 

Sept.  30,  1879  ;  Year  ending  Sept.  30,  1882. 
ARKANSAS :   1870-1874 ;  1884-1887 ;  1890-1892 ; 

Part  I  of  1893  (Biennial  reports.     Business 

beginning  Oct.  i,  1870,  1884,  etc.) 
CALIFORNIA  :  1876  ;  1879. 
CANADA  :  1872  (Published  1873.) 
FLORIDA  :  1878. 
GEORGIA  :  Years  ending  Sept.  30  of  1869-1884, 

1886-1887,  1892  and  1893. 
INDIANA  :  Year  ending  Oct.  31,  1878. 
KENTUCKY  :  Part  i  of  1894. 
MARYLAND  :    1874  ;  1875  (4th  and  5th  Annual 

Reports.) 
MASSACHUSETTS  :  Abstracts  of  1842,  1848,  1851,' 

and  1854  ;  Part  2  of  1863  ;  Part  I  of  1893. 
MICHIGAN  :  Part  i  of  1874  and  of  1893. 
MINNESOTA  :  5th  Report,  year  ending  in  March 

or  June,  1876  ;  Part  I  of  1890,  year  ending 

Dec.  31  ;  1893  ;  1894. 
MISSOURI  :  Part  i  of  2ist  Report,  1889. 
MONTANA  :  Everything  except  1888-1890. 
NEBRASKA  :  1876  ;  1878  ;  1879  ;  Part  2  of  1875, 

1877,  1881,  1882,  1883,  1885, 1891  and  1893  ; 

Part  i  of  1886  and  1892. 
NEVADA  :  Everything  prior  to  1888  ;  1891. 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE  :    1854-1858  ;   (The   Reports 

published  in  1855,  etc.) 
NEW   MEXICO  :    Everything   prior    to    Report 

from  Dec.  16,  1886,  to  Dec.  15,  1888. 
NORTH  CAROLINA  :  Everything  prior  to  1892; 

Year  ending  April  i,  1895. 
NORTH    DAKOTA  :    Everything    prior    to    the 

Biennial  Report  for  period  ending  Nov.  30, 

1884. 
OHIO  :  Part  i  of   1876,  1889,  1890,   1893,  and 

1894. 

ONTARIO  :  Everything  prior  to  1882  ;  1885. 
OREGON  :  Everything  prior  to  1880  ;  1882-1884 

(Biennial  reports.) 

RHODE  ISLAND  :  1862  (Published  1863.) 
SOUTH  CAROLINA  :  Everything  except  Reports 

ending  Oct.  31,  1890  and  1892. 
SOUTH  DAKOTA  :  (See  North  Dakota.) 
TENNESSEE:  1873-1885;  1888;  1892. 
TEXAS  :  1876  ;  1882. 

WASHINGTON  :  Everything  prior  to  1890  and 
after  1892. 

WEST  VIRGINIA:  Everything  prior  to  1883 
(Biennial  reports.) 

WISCONSIN  :  loth  Annual  Report  for  1878  (Pub- 
lished in  1879);  1879  ;  1882-1884  ;  1893. 

WYOMING  :  Everything  prior  to  Report  for  year 
ending  Sept.  30,  1893,  and  after  Report  for 
year  ending  Sept.  30,  1895. 


INSURANCE  JOURNALS. 

All  dates  and  volume  numbers  are  inclusive. 

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1891. 
"ASSURANCE  MAGAZINE  AND  JOURNAL  OF  THE 

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"  AVALANCHE  "  (Phila.):  Everything  after  Octo- 
ber, 1879. 

"  BALTIMORE  UNDERWRITER":  Vol. 9,  Jan.-June, 
1873. 

"BUDGET"  (Toronto):  Vols.  2-8,  1882-1888. 

"COMMERCIAL  AND  INSURANCE  JOURNAL" 
(Phila.  Continuation  of  Tucketfs  Journal):  Every- 
thing after  1862. 

"  DAILY  INDICATOR"  (New  York):  Everything 
except  vol.  19,  Sept.  ig-Dec.  20, 1881. 

"ENQUIRER"  (Baltimore):  Everything  after 
vol.  i,  Dec.,  i872-July,  1873. 

"FINANCE  CHRQNICLE"  (London):  Vols.  1-6 
(April,  1877). 

"  INDEX  "  (London.  Continuation  of  the  Ava- 
lanche of  London):  Vols.  1-3  (April,  1888)  and  vol. 
8, 1892. 

"INSURANCE  ADVOCATE"  (Phila.     First  vols. 

called  the  EcAoznd  Insurance  Echo):  Vols.  1-3  (1892). 

"INSURANCE  ADVOCATE"    (Richmond):    Vols. 

1-6  (1875);  vol.  8, 1877;  every  thing  after  vol.  n,  1880. 
"  INSURANCE  AGE"  (New  York):  Vol.  3,  1875. 
"INSURANCE    AGENT"  (London):    Everything 

after  vol.  31,  1886. 
"  INSURANCE  AGENT  "(New  Orleans):  Vols.  1-6 

(,894). 
"INSURANCE    AND    COMMERCIAL    MAGAZINE" 

(New  York):  Vols.  1-13  (1882);  Nos.  i  and  4  of  vol. 
24  and  25, 1888. 

"INSURANCE  AND  REAL  ESTATE  JOURNAL" 
(Called  Stater's  Journal.  Continued  as  the  N.  Y. 
Insurance  Journal):  Vols.  1-3  (1865). 

"INSURANCE  CHRONICLE"  (Cincinnati):  Every- 
thing after  vol.  5,  Feb.,  1871. 

"  INSURANCE  CRITIC"  (New  York):  Vols.  9-21, 
1881-1893. 

"  INSURANCE  RECORD"  (London):  Vol.  i,  1863  ; 
vol.  6,  1868. 

"INSURANCE  SPECTATOR  OF  LONDON":   Vols. 

1-9  (1886). 

"  INSURANCE  TIMES"  (New  York):  No.  3  of  vol. 

27, 1894. 

'INVESTIGATOR "(Chicago):  Vols.  1-3,  1875. 
"  NEW    ENGLAND    INSURANCE    GAZETTE    AND 

MAGAZINE  "  (Boston):  Vol.  n,  May,  i872-April,  1873  ; 

everything  after  vol.  16,  1876. 

"  NEW  YORK  UNDERWRITER":  Sept.-Dec.,  1877. 
"NORTHWESTERN  REVIEW"  (Chicago):  Vols. 

12  and  13,  1875. 

"OBSERVER "(Phila.):  Vols.  1-4 and  after  vol.  6. 
"  PACIFIC    UNDERWRITER  "    (San     Francisco): 

Vols.  3-4,  April,  i888-Dec.,  1890. 
"  POLICYHOLDER  "   (Manchester,    Eng.):   Vols. 
1-6  (1888);  vol.8,  1890. 

"  POST  MAGAZINE"  (London):  Vols.  1-14  (1853); 

vols.  16-20,  1855-1859. 

"PROTECTOR"  (New  York):  Everything  after 

vol.  2,  April,  1872. 

"RECORD "(New  York):  Sept.-Dec.,  1877. 
"UNDERWRITER"  (Phila.):   Vols.  18,  19,   and 

20,  1885-1887  ;  everything  after  vol.  2t,  1888. 

"UNDERWRITERS'  WEEKLY    CIRCULAR"  (New 

York):    Everything  except  vols.  6-n,  Sept.,  1867- 
Sept.,  1873. 

"  U.  S.  INSURANCE  GAZETTE  AND  MAGAZINE" 

(New  York):  Vols.  48-50,  i879-June,   1880;   vol.  53, 
July-Dec.,  1881. 

"  VINDICATOR  "  (New  Orleans):  Vols.  1-3  (1885); 
vol.  7,  July-Dec.,  1889. 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


169 


OFFICE  OF  ANDRE  SABATIER,  COUNSELLOR-AT- 
LAW  OF  THE  TRIBUNAL  OF  COMMERCE  OF  THE 
SEINE,  49  RUE  LE  PELETIER,  PARIS. 

JUDGMENT  RENDERED  by  the  Tribunal  of  Com- 
merce of  the  Seine  of  June  4, 1896, 

Between  Mr.  Stechcrt  (Gustavo  K.),  Book- 
seller, residing  at  9  K.  16th  St.,  New  York, 

And  I?Ir.  II.  Welter,  Bookseller,  residing  at  59 
Rne  Bonaparte,  Paris. 

The  Tribunal  of  Commerce  of  the  Seine,  after  having 
deliberated  in  accordance  with  the  law,  has  rendered 
judgment  as  follows : 

WHEREAS  by  writ  of  June  17,  1895,  Stechert  alleges 
that  at  various  times  Welter  had  referred  to  him  in  libel- 
lous terms  in  his  catalogues  and  circulars  addressed  by 
the  latter  to  his  customers; 

WHEREAS  these  actions  constitute  disloyal  competi- 
tion, for  which  Stechert  is  justified  in  asking  satisfac- 
tion, and  he  would  therefore  be  entitled  to  claim: 

1.  40,000  francs  damages  for  prejudice  suffered. 

2.  The  insertion  of  the  judgment  to  be  rendered  in 
35  newspapers,  at  Welter's  cost,  each  insertion,  how- 
ever, not  to  exceed  150  francs. 

3.  The  authorization  to  distribute  lo.ooo  copies  of 
the  said  judgment,  and  payment  by  Welter  of  a  sum 
of  looo  francs  to  pay  the  expense  thereof. 

WHEREAS  by  writ  of  January  9, 1896,  Stechert  claims 
in  addition  : 

IO.TOO  francs  as  supplementary  damages  to  indem- 
nify himself  for  the  new  disloyal  action  of  Welter, 
through  which  Stechert  has  suffered. 

The  insertion  of  the  judgment  in  35  newspapers  at 
the  plaintiff's  choice. 

The  authorization  to  distribute  20,000  copies  of  the 
said  judgment  and  payment  by  Welter  of  2000  francs 
to  cover  the  expenses  thereof. 
As  to  the  general  findings : 

WHEREAS  Welter  in  defence  of  these  claims  main- 
tains : 

That  he  himself  has  suffered  numerous  disloyal  actions 
on  the  part  of  Stechert. 

That  he  only  published  the  statements  complained  of 
in  order  to  defend  himself  against  the  Plaintiff. 

That  the  latter  cannot  complain  of  Welter  having  acted 
against  him  in  a  way  which  he,  Stechert,  had  initiated. 

That  under  these  circumstances  the  Plaintiff  cannot 
ask  for  any  judgment  against  him,  but 

WHEREAS  Welter  does  not  in  any  way  prove  the  dis- 
loyal manner  of  acting  of  Stechert  of  which  he  com- 
plains; 

That,  moreover,  in  case  proof  of  such  action  could  be 
given,  it  would  not  justify  him  for  having  used  the  same 
methods  against  his  opponent,  no  one  having  a  right  to 
take  the  law  in  his  own  hands; 

WHEREAS  it  results  from  the  trial,  the  arguments, 
and  from  the  documents  furnished  that  Welter,  in  his 
catalogue  No.  49,  1891.  a  large  quantity  of  which  were 
distributed  among  the  customers  of  Stechert,  invites  the 
said  customers  to  apply  directly  to  him,  denouncing  the 
bookseller  G.  E.  St.,  of  New  York,  having  a  branch  in 
London,  as  having  used  disloyal  methods  towards  him; 


WHEREAS,  although  the  initials  only  of  the  name  of 
Stechert  had  been  given,  the  people  of  the  trade  who  had 
received  the  catalogue  in  question,  could  not  mistake  the 
person  mentioned  therein; 

WHEREAS  in  1894  Welter  sent  to  the  American  cus- 
tomers of  Stechert  a  postal  card  marked  with  a  stamp  at 
the  top  and  bottom  of  the  card,  requ<  sting  the  person  to 
whom  it  was  addressed  not  to  order  from  Stechert  the 
books  mentioned  on  it,  but  to  send  their  orders  directly  to 
him  (Welter)  or  through  a  confidential  agent. 

WHEREAS  on  the  other  hand  on  December  13,  1895, 
Welter  caused  to  be  distributed  to  the  public  and  to  the 
booksellers  of  Paris  with  whom  he  was  in  business  rela- 
tions, a  circular,  in  which  he  accused  Stechert.  without 
however  naming  him,  but  indicating  him  plainly,  of  hav- 
ing taken  away  from  him  several  orders; 

WHEREAS  these  acts  have  had  the  effect  and  re- 
sult of  drawing  away  to  the  benefit  of  Welter  a  part  of 
the  Plaintiff's  customers; 

That  they  have  injured  the  commercial  reputation  of 
the  latter,  that  they  constitute  methods  of  disloyal  com- 
petition, causing  Stecbert  harm  and  damage  for  which 
Welter  owes  him  compensation. 

WHEREAS  the  Tribunal  finds  in  these  facts  of  the  suit 
sufficient  elements  of  appreciation  to  fix  at  1000  francs 
the  amount  of  the  injury  suffered  by  Stechert,  and  it  is 
proper  to  accept  the  claims  of  the  latter  for  the  payment 
of  damages  to  the  amount  of  the  above-mentioned  sum; 

WHEREAS  on  the  other  hand,  besides  the  material 
damage  suffered  by  Stechett,  the  latter  has  a  right  to  a 
reparation  of  the  damage  which  he  has  endured; 

That  Welter,  having  given  publicity  to  his  attacks  on 
Stechert,  the  latter  should  be  authorized  to  publish  in  fif- 
teen French  and  foreign  newspapers,  at  his  choice,  the 
judgment  to  be  rendered,  the  cost  of  each  of  which  inser- 
tions not  to  exceed  the  sum  of  100  francs. 

That  the  other  parts  of  the  two  claims  for  the  inser- 
tions are  to  be  rejected,  as  also  the  claim  requesting  the 
distribution  of  the  circular  reproducing  the  judgment  to 
be  rendered  at  the  expense  of  Welter,  the  latter  mode  be- 
ing identical  with'the  demand  for  the  insertions  wbii  h 
shall  be  granted. 

For  these  reasons,  after  reading  the  revert  of  the 
referee  of  ike  Court  sitting  in  latt  instance,  condemns 
Welter  to  fay  to  Stechert  the  sum  of  One  thousand  francs 
as  damages,  authorizes  Stechert  to  have  the  preiimt 
judgment  inserted  in  fifteen  French  and  foreign  papers 
at  the  expense  of  Welter,  each  insertion  not  to  exceed  too 
francs,  dismissing  Stecherft  further  claim*,  and  con- 
demns Welter  to  pay  the  costs. 

I,  the  undersigned,  sworn  translator  of  the  Tribunal 
Civil  of  the  Seine,  certify  herewith  that  the  present  is  a 
true  translation  of  the  here  annexed  original. 

Paris,  a8th  day  of  January,  1897. 
[SBAL.]  (Signed)    L.  SPRBNGBL. 

Vu  par  nous,  Mairedu  ier  Arrondissement  de 
Paris  pour  legislation  de  la  signature  de  M. 
[SEAL]      Sprengel,  Expert  Traducleur-Jurtauprcjdu 
Tribunal  Civil  de  la  Seine. 
Paris,  le  28  Janv.,  1497. 

Signature  (illegible). 


170 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


APPLETON'5  LIBRARY  LIST5. 

Y71OR  more  than  fifty  years  Messrs.  D.  APPLETON  &  Co.  have  been  engaged  in  the  publica- 
J^v  tion  of  the  choicest  productions  from  the  pens  of  distinguished  authors  of  the  past  and 
present,  of  both  Europe  and  America,  and  their  catalogue  of  books  now  comprises 
several  thousand  volumes,  embracing  every  department  of  knowledge.  Classified  lists  of 
these  publications  have  been  prepared,  affording  facilities  for  a  judicious  selection  of  books 
covering  the  whole  range  of  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE,  and  ART,  for  individual  bookbuyers  or 
for  a  thorough  equipment  of  any  library. 
Lists  A,  B,  and  C  are  of  books  selected  especially  for  School  and  College  Libraries. 

The  other  lists  are  of  books  grouped  according  to  subjects,  and  include  the  above. 


LIST  D. — History. 
E. — Biography. 
K.— Physical  Science. 
G. — Mental  and  Moral  Science. 
H.— Political  and  Social  Science. 
I.— Finance  and  Economics. 
K. — Hygiene  and  Sanitary  Science. 
L. — Philosophy  and  Metaphysics. 
M.— Technology  and  Industrial  Arts. 
N.— Anthropology,    Ethnology,    Archaeology, 

Palaeontology. 

O.— Language,  Literature,  and  Art. 
P.— Reference  Books. 


LIST  Q.— Poetry  and  Essay. 

K.— Travel  and  Adventure. 

S. — Pedagogy  and  Education. 

T.-Fiction. 

U. — Amusements  and  Recreations. 

V. — Evolution. 
W.— Religion 

X.-Law. 

Y.—  Medicine. 

Z. — Juvenile  Books. 
AA.— Unclassified. 

BB.— School  and  College  Text-Books. 
CC.— Spanish  Publications. 


Single  lists  mailed  free.     Complete  set,  ten  sections,  18  cents,  to  cover  postage.     Bound  in  one  volume, 
340  pages,  Svo,  30  cents.     Free  to  librarians. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

343  Wabash  Avenue,  CHICAGO.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  NEW  YORK. 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  :  :  :  :  : 

LEflCKE  &  BUECHNER, 

(LONDON.     LEIPZIG.     PARIS.) 

•—  =812  Broadway,  New  York. 


t(§J!E  invite  Librarians  to  correspond  with  us  before  placing  orders.     Our  facili- 
»»      ties  for  supplying  books  in  all  languages  are  unsurpassed. 

Xarflest  Stocft  of  Oerman  anfr  ffrencb  JBoofeg. 
Hmerican  JBoofts  at  jobbers'  IRates.   . 


JBrittsb  JBooftg  Imported  S)utg*3free 

Our  firm  offers  all  the  advantages  of  foreign  agencies  as  to  terms  and 
prompter  service,  receiving  weekly  shipments  from  England,  Germany,  and  France. 

Our  Monthly  Bulletin,  besides  a  bibliography  of  the  leading  languages  of 
the  world,  supplies  in  a  supplement  critical  notes  on  books  especially  valuable  for 
Libraries,  and  has  become  the  purchasing  guide  for  German  and  French  books, 
in  many  Libraries. 

9  i          FOREIGN  PERIODICALS  A7  LOWEST  RATES          • 


March,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


171 


INKS    AND    ADHESIVE 


f 
I. 


HPAWINfl 
LFK/\WimU 


3.  4. 

in  Blacks  and  Colors,  are  the  Standard  Liquid  Draw- 
,  ing  Inksof  theWorId.  They  are  used  and  endorsed 
by  the  leading  schools,  colleges,  and  institutes  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  Three-fourths  of  the  profes- 
sional draughtsmen  of  the  United  States  use  no  other  Drawing  inks.  In  %  oz.,  ^  Pt.t  ft.,  and  Qt.  ftottlet, 
%  oz.  Bottles  prepaid  by  mail,  thirty  -five  cents. 

1  HIOOINS'  PHOTO  MOIINTFP  A  beautiful  homogeneous  adhesive,  pure  white 
J,.  111VJ\J11^O  rilV/I  *J  1V1\J*JL\  1  CK..  and  deHcately  scented,  for  mounting  photo- 
graphs, textile  samples,  scrap  book,  tissue  work,  and  general  use  as  a  substitute  for  mucilage.  Always  ready  and 
requires  no  preparation.  In  3  oz.,  6  oz.,  14  oz.,  and  Mi  Gallon  and  Gallon  Jars.  3  oz.  Jar  prepaid  by 
tnail,  thirty  cents, 


HIGGINS'  TAURINE  MUCILAGE. 


4.  HIGGINS'    DRAWING-BOARD  AND  LIBRARY    MUCI- 

I  A  {"fp  A  Semi-fluid  Adhesive  of  extraordinary  strength.  For  sticking  paper  to  paper,  paper  to  cloth,  or 
•-""»  ^-»  «-«•  leather  to  paper  or  cloth  it  is  unequalled.  Excellent  for  mounting  drawings,  maps,  or  pictures  on  cloth, 
paper,  or  wood,  and  for  repairing  and  labelling  books.  The  5000  volumes  of  the  model  library  at  the  World's  Fair 
were  repaired  and  labelled  with  it,  and  it  was  voluntarily  exhibited  and  recommended  by  the  Committee  in  charge  as 
the  only  satisfactory  adhesive  for  the  purpose.  Its  utility  in  schools  is  hence  apparent.  In  3  ox.,  6  oz.,  14  oz. 
and  J-jj  Gallon  and  Gallon  Jars.  3  oz.  Jar  prepaid  by  mail,  thirty  cents, 

SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  ARTISTS'  MATERIALS,  PHOTO  SUPPLIES,  AND  STATIONERY. 

These  goods  are  peculiarly  adapted  for  school  use,  being  of  the  very  highest  standard,  and  hence  popular  educators 
in  themselves.  The  adhesives  are  extremely  strong,  yet  spread  easily  and  smoothly  in  a  very  thin  film,  so  that  they 
fa  further  than  starch  or  flour  paste*  or  gum  mucilages,  and  as  they  never  deteriorate  or  spoil  there  is  no  waste,  and 
they  are  hence  more  economical  in  the  end  than  cheap  goods. 

Color  Cards  showing  actual  Drawing  Inks,  also  descriptive  circulars  and  full  information  will  be  sent 
postpaid  on  application. 

CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Originators  and  Manufacturers, 


INKS  AND  ADHESIVES. 


168-ira  BiKhtu  street, 

Brooklyn,  N.  V.,  I.  S.  A. 


London  Office  :  106  Charing  Cross  Road. 


EM.    TKRQUEM, 
Paris  Agency  for  American  Libraries, 

RSTA.BLISHEDD    18T7, 

31    Bis   BOULEVARD    HAUSSMANN    31    Bis 


PARIS. 


French  and  Continental  Books  purchased  at  the  lowest 
terms. 

Orders  carefully  executed  for  out-of-print  and  new  books. 

Binding  for  books  in  constant  use  a  specialty  of  the  firm. 

Estimates  given  on  application  on  all  orders. 

The  "Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Franfiise"  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  of  second-hand  book- 
dealers  of  every  locality. 


Auction  sales  order*  attended  to,  also  order*  for  private 

libraries  offered  en  Hoc  before  auction. 
Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Pans  of 

many  libraries,  colleges,  and  universities,  can  furnish 

references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  State*. 
Correspondence  and  trial  order*  sol  icited .    Small  or  large 

shipments  every   week  either  direct  or  through  hi* 

•gent  in  New  York. 


172 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[March,  '97 


WE  MAKE  A    SPECIALTY  OF   THE    CORRECT  ARRANGING  AND   LETTERING 
i  OF  WORKS  IN  FOREIGN  LANGUAGES. 


THE  BINDING  OF  BOOKS 
FOR  LEARNED  SOCIETIES, 
COLLEGES,  AND  LIBRARIES. 
SINGLE  VOLUMES  OR  IN 
QUANTITIES. 


THE  FINEST  EXTRA  BIND- 
ING OF  WORKS  OF  ART 
IN  FULL  AND  HALF  LE- 
VANT, MOROCCO,  CALF, 
ETC.,  ETC. 


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LIBRARY    DEPARTflENT 


OF 


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CHICAGO. 

ORDERS  for  libraries — public,  university,  college,  or  school — filled  with  prompt- 
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regarding  their  wants. 


Telegraphic  addresg: 
Putnam,  London. 


F>       DITTMAPI'Q    QOMQ    Telegraphic 
JT  •     I       \J   1  1^1  /A.1    1    &    ±J\JL^(±.S      Putnam,  N< 


LONDON : 
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address : 
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n 


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tage of  their  customers. 

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March,  '97  ]  THE  LIBRAR  Y  JO  URN  At  ,  7  3 


JWST     PUBLISHED 


Library  of 

Congress. 

A  'i->mr«»  ^^^ 


Compiled  by  HERBERT  SMALL,  with   essays  on  the  Architecture,  Sculpture,  and  Painting,  by 
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Paper  covers,  postpaid,  30  cents;  in  cloth,  50  cents. 

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titles.  

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO.,  WHB°0LoE^LE 

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AS  TO  LISTS  OF  WANTS. 

extended  lists  of  wants  in  the  periodical  line, 
and  at  the  same  time  am  requested  to  say  how 
many  I  can  supply  and  cost  of  same.  This  in 
practice  entails  a  loss  of  time  and  money.  I 
have  such  a  list  on  my  desk  now.  To  answer, 
will  engross  the  time  of  a  well-paid  clerk  two 
days.  If  I  do  not  receive  an  order,  I  shall  beat 
a  loss  of  $5.00.  If  I  do  receive  an  order,  the  bill 
must  be  charged  with  an  expense  of  $10.00,  as 
the  goods  in  effect  will  have  to  be  laid  out  twice. 
Librarians  who  send  lists  with  no  such  restric- 
tions may  consider  all  goods  sent  "  upon  ap- 
proval" ;  transportation  charges  at  my  expense, 
if  returned.  A.  S.  CLARK, 

174  Fulton  St.,  New  York  City. 

BOOKS  WANTED.  '  ~ 

Wilberforce  Eames  (Lenox  Lib.),  890  5th  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

Library  Journal,  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1895;  title  and  index, 
v.  20,  '95;  Feb.,  '96. 

Library  Assoc.  of  Portland,  Portland,  Ore. 

Lord,  Beacon-Lights  of  History,  set,  and  v.  a,  7,  and  8. 

O'Meara,  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena. 

Trollope,  Last  Chronicle  of  Rarset. 

Greely,  Report  of  the  Lady  Franklin  Bay  Expedition. 

Harper's  Book  of  Facts. 


HELP  WANTED. 


A17ANTED.— Lady  librarian  for  library  of  7000  vol- 
umes.   Address  D.  F.  B.,  597  Main  St.,  Buffalo, 


March,  '97  J  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  175 

NOW  READY! 

The  American  Catalogue,  1890=1895 

The  present  issue  of  THE  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  covers  the 
period  July  i,  1890,  to  June  30,  1895.  It  is  in  two  divisions,  of 
which  the  first  contains  the  author-and-title  alphabet,  and  the  second 
the  subject  alphabet,  list  of  U.  S.  Government  Publications,  list  of 
State  Publications,  list  of  Publications  of  Societies,  and  list  of  Books 
in  Series. 

One  volume,  half  leather,  $15.00  ;  in  sheets,  $12.50. 

The  edition  is  1250  copies  only,  and  there  'will  be  no  reissue. 

"Without  question  the  most  perfect  trade  bibliography  with  which  we  are  acquainted.  "- 
London  Bookseller. 


The  Annual  Literary  Index,  1896 

Including  Periodicals,  American  and  English,  Essays,  Book-Chapters,  etc.,  Special 
Bibliographies  and  Necrology  of  Authors.  Edited  by  W.  I.  FLETCHER  and 
R.  R.  BOWKER,  with  the  co-operation  of  members  of  the  American  Library 
Association  and  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  staff. 

THE  ANNUAL  LITERARY  INDEX  for  1896  not  only  covers  the  full  range  of 
periodicals  included  in  Poole's  Index,  as  no  other  publication  does,  but  includes 
the  "  essay  index,"  continuing  the  "  A.  L.  A.  Index  to  General  Literature,"  an  index 
to  events  of  1896,  which  is  practically  an  index  to  the  daily  papers,  a  list  of  bibli- 
ographies of  the  year,  and  a  necrology  of  authors,  etc.  The  volume  is  the  fifth 
annual  supplement  to  Poole's  Index  and  to  the  "  A.  L.  A.  Index  to  General  Lit- 
erature." It  is  the  complement  of  THE  ANNUAL  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  of  books 
published  in  1896,  and  with  it  makes  a  complete  record  of  the  literary  product  of 
the  year.  It  is  thus  the  most  comprehensive  tool  in  the  way  of  a  guide  to  recent 
literature  furnished  for  library  and  trade  purposes.  The  edition  is  limited. 

One  volume,  cloth,  uniform  with  Poole's  Index  and  the  A.  L.  A.  Index, 
$3.5<>,  net. 


Address  the  OFFICE  OF  THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY, 
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1 7 6  THE  L1BRAR  Y  JO  URNAL  [  March,  '97 

ESTABLISHED    IQ72 
LONDON:  PARIS:  LEIPZIG: 

30  WCLLiNQTON  ST.,  STRAND.          76  RUE  Dt  RENNES.  HOSPITAL  Si  R.  10. 

GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

Purchasing  Agent  for  Colleges  &  Libraries 

810    BROADWAY,    NEW    YORK, 

(TWO  DOORS  ABOVE  GRACE  CHURCH) 

egs  to  call  attention  to  his  facilities  for  obtaining  FOREIGN  BOOKS  and 
PERIODICALS  at  more  economical  rates  THAN  ANY  OTHER  HOUSE  IN  AMERICA 
OR  EUROPE  can  offer,  because : 

He  employs  no  Commission  Agents,  but  has  his  own  offices  and 
clerks  Sit  London,  Paris  and  Leijtzig.  He  has  open  accounts 
with  all  the  leading  publishing  houses  in  the  world. 

His  experience  enables  him  to  give  information  at  once  about 
rare  and  scarce  books. 

He  receives  weekly  shipments  from  England,  France  and  Germany,  and 
can  thereby  fill  orders  in  quicker  time. 

MORE  THAN  200  LIBRARIES  FAVOR  HIM  WITH  THEIR  ORDERS. 

SPECIAL    REFERENCES, 

"Mr.  Stechert  has  for  years  furnished  this  Library  with  most  of  its  periodicals  and  European  books,  and  has  bought  for  u* 
many  thousand  volumes.  Mr.  Stechert's  success  is  due  to  his  constant  personal  attention  to  the  business,  and  the  reasonable 
terms  hets  able  to  offer.  I  consider  a  New  York  agent  far  preferable  to  reliance  on  foreign  agents  alone." 

GEO.  H.  BAKER,  Librarian  of  Columbia  College,  New 


"  Seven  years  agOj  in  reorganizing  the  Columbia  College  library,  I  spent  much  time  in  trying  to  discover  how  to  get  out 
foreign  books  and  periodicals  with  the  least  delay,  trouble  and  expense.  The  result  of  the  comparison  of  three  methods,  viz: 
ordering  direct  from  foreign  dealers,  ordering  through  one  agent  in  London,  or  ordering  through  one  agent  in  New  York  showed 
us  that  it  was  to  our  advantage  to  give  Mr.  Stechert  all  our  foreign  orders,  as  he  delivered  in  the  library  in  a  single  package 
and  with  a  single  bill  at  as  low  cost  as  we  were  able  with  vastly  greater  trouble,  to  get  a  half  dozen  different  packages  in  differ- 
ent bills  from  different  places.  In  reorganizing  the  New  York  State  Library,  I  opened  the  whole  question  anew,  and  the  result 
of  the  comparison  was  the  same  as  before,  and  we  find  that  the  library  gets  most  for  the  time  and  money  expended  by  taking 
advantage  of  Mr.  Stechert's  long  experience,  and  the  careful  personal  attention  which  he  gives  to  our  orders," 

MELVIL  DBWEY,  Director  of  N.  Y.  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


"  Mr.  G.  E.  Stechert  of  New  York  has  served  us  with  fidelity  in  procuring  English,  French  and  German  books,  both  new 
and  second  hand  and  also  periodicals.  His  terms  are  more  reasonable  than  any  others  that  have  come  to  our  notice,  while  he 
has  always  guarded  our  interests  very  carefully.  We  find  it  a  great  convenience  to  have  one  agency  in  New  York,  represented 
by  branches  in  different  European  countries." 

Prof.  ARTHUR  H.  PALMER,  Librarian  of  Adelbert  College,  Cleveland,  O. 


"  Your  methods  and  facilities  for  doing  business,  as  I  have  examined  them  here  as  well  as  at  the  Leipzig  and  London  ends, 
seem  to  me  admirably  progressive  and  thoroughly  live.  1  deal  with  you  because  I  judge  it  for  the  advantage  of  this  library  to 
do  so.  If  I  did  not,  I  should  not.  Up  to  date  I  am  unable  to  find  a  method  which  is,  all  things  included,  so  economical  of 
time  and  money  as  dealing  through  you." 

ERNEST  C.  RICHARDSON,  Librarian  of College  of  Neva  Jersey,  Princeton,  N.  J 


MOur_  library  committee  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  your  services.     You  have  not  only  saved  us  many  dollars,  but  hav* 
Blown  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  our  wants  for  which  we  thank  you. ' ' 

A.  8.  COLLINS,  Act.  Librarian  of  Reynolds  Library,  Rochester,  it.  K. 

GUSTAV    K.    STKCHERT, 

LONDON.          PARIS.          LEIPZIG.          NEW  YORK. 


THE 


Library  Journal 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 
CHIEFLY   DEVOTED    TO 


Economy  ant>  Biblioarapb\> 

VOL.  22.     No.  4. 
SCHOOL   NUMBER 

APRIL,  1897. 


Contents. 


PAGE 

HOBOKEN  (N.  J.)  PUBLIC  LIBRARY.    .     .    .      Frontispiece. 
EDITORIAL 179 

Librarians  and  Teachers. 

Books  as  Tools  in  School  Work. 

Bibliographic  Aids. 

The  "  Tariff  on  Ideas." 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Documents. 
COMMUNICATIONS 180 

Reference  Notes  on  Catalog  Cards. 

A  Word  to  Catalogers. 
PUBLISHING  NOTE 180 

WORK   BETWEEN  LIBRARIES  AND  SCHOOLS. — A  SYM- 
POSIUM  181 

At  Worcester,  by  S:  $jj.  Green.  —  At  St.  Louis, 
by  F:  M.  Crunden. —  At  Cleveland,  by  Linda 
A.  Eastman.— At  Detroit,  by  H:  M.  Utley.— 
At  Milwaukee,  by  Mary  E.  Dousman. —  At 
Springfield,  Mass.,  by  Mary  Medlicott. 
CHILDREN'S  READING:  WHAT  SOME  OF  THE  TEACHERS 

SAY.—/.-  C.  Dana 187 

SCHOOL  LIBRARIES.  —  Electra  C.  Doren 190 

OBSERVATIONS  UPON  CHILDREN'S  READING 194 

PICTURES  FOR  SCHOOL-ROOMS 194 

CHILDREN'S  BOOKS  OF  1896.  —  Caroline  M.  Hewins.  .  194 
BEST  50  BOOKS  OF  1896  FOR  A  VILLAGE  LIBRARY.  .    .    .  196 
LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE  SESSION  OF  THE  N.  E.  A.     .    .  197 
LIBRARY  SECTION  OF  THE  ILLINOIS  TEACHERS'  ASSOCIA- 
TION  198 

"  EVALUATION  "  OF  BOOKS  FOR  CHILDREN 198 


A  CHILDREN'S  BOOK-MARK ,    .    .    .  199 

READING  ALOUD.  —  Martha  Van  Rensselaer.    ...  199 

Miss  SHARP'S  LECTURES  IN  CLEVELAND 199 

THE  HOBOKEN  PUBLIC  LIBRARY aoo 

THE  SECOND  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  CONFERENCE  AT  BRUS- 
SELS  aoo 

OPENING  OF  THE  JOHN  CRERAR  LIBRARY aoo 

LIBRARIES  AND  CLUBS aoi 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION aoi 

Action  on  the  Tariff  Bill. 

Poole  Memorial. 

Proceedings. 

English  Post-Conference,  June  aS-Aug.  aa,  1897. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 204 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 304 

LIBRARY  CLUBS ao9 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES an 

Amherst  Summer  School. 
REVIEWS an 

Hewins.    Books  for  Boys  and  Girls. 

lies.    Annotated  Bibliography  of  Fine  Art. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 212 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS ai8 

LIBRARIANS ai8 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 219 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 220 

HUMORS  AND  BLUNDERS »*> 


NEW  YORK  :   PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE, 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  ctt. 

Price  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  the  Union,  ao*.  j*r  annum;  tinglt  Humbert,  *t. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


i78 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\_April,  '97 


GUSTAV   FOCK, 


German 
Agency  for 
American 
Libraries. 


Cable  Address 
fiuchfock,  Leipzig. 


LEIPZIG  :   Magazingasse  4. 


Dealer  in  New 
and  Second-hand 
Books  and 
Periodicals. 


Code  in  TJs«: 

ABC  Code. 


NEW  YORK  :  P.  O.  Box  2943. 

(Pay  and  Freight  Station  only.) 


The  essential  advantages  arising  from  business  communication  with  my  bouse  are : 

Prompt  service ;  exact  execution  of  the  smallest  orders. 

Permanent  assortment  of  millions  of  volumes  and  pamphlets.    Special  Line:  Complete  sets  of  periodicals  and 
pamphlets.     Within  the  last  few  years  I  have  sold  in  America  the  libraries  of  Prof.  Zarncke,  Leipzig ; 
Prof.  Sauppe,  Gottingen  ;  Prof.  Bechstein.  Rostock ;  Prof.  Nagel,  Tubingen ;  and  Prof.  Hertz,  Breslau. 
3.)    The  great  saving  in  freight  by  shipment  in  collection-consignments  to  New  York. 
4.)    The  American  scholars  and  libraries  having  communication  with  my  house  can  always  buy  at  first  hand. 
J5.)    Unconditional  guarantee  for  completeness. 
,6.)    Binding  of  every  class  at  the  cheapest  prices. 

(7.)    Facilitation  of  communication  through  my  New  York  Agency  (T>.  O.  Box  2943),  through  which  the  shipments 
are  sent.  

COMPLETE  LIBRARIES  OF  THE  LATE  PROFESSORS  ARE  FOR  SALE  AT  PRESENT: 

BKUNN  (Munich),  the  prominent  Archaeologist.    Price,  14000  Mark.    Prospectus  and  catalogue  on  demand. 
KEKULE  (Bonn),  the  great  Chemist.    18000  volumes.    Price,  32000  Mark.    Prospectus  and  catalogue  on  demand. 
DU  BOIS  RElflTIOND  (Berlin),  the  celebrated  Physiologist.    14000  volumes.    Price,  23000  Mark.    Prospectus 

and  catalogue  on  demand. 
JttERKKL  (Strassburg),  the  Master  of  Criminal  Law.    1200  volumes.    Price,  1500  Mark.    Catalogue  on  demand. 


In   Well   Collated   Complete   Sets   I   Offer: 


MARK 

t/rt/irbnr/1,  Korphologisches .  Hrsg.  v.  Gegen- 
baur.  Band.  1-21.  1875-94.  Bound 700 

Jaltresbericht  uber  die  Fortschritte  d.  Mass 
Altertumsivissenschaft.  Mit  Beibiattern. 
Jahrg.  1-22.  1878-94.  Bound 560 

Jahreabfricht  uber  die  Fortschritte  d. 
Chemle  u.  verwandten  Teile  andere  Wissen- 
schaften.  Hrsg.  v.  Liebig,  Kopp,  Naumann, 
Fittica.  Jahrg.  1-41.  Fiird.  J.  1847-96.  Bound.  750 

Journal  of  Philology.    Vols.  1-22.    1868-94 225 

Institute  di  eorrespondenza  arehteologica  di 
Roma.  Complete  set  from  the  beginning.  1829 
to  1885.  Bound 1650 

Kayser,  Cli .  O.,  Vollstandiges  Bucher-Lexi- 
kon.  26  vols.  so  far  as  published,  1841-95 175 

Kurschner's  Deutsche  National- litteratur. 
218  vols.  All  out.  1885-96.  Bound 400 

Xa  Lumiere  electrique.    Coll.  compl.    1879-94..    325 

Meyer's  Konversationn-'Lrxikon.  4.  (letzte 
vollsta'nd.l  A.  Mit  Supplbdn.  u.  Reg.  19  Bande. 
1885-92.  Bound.  (180.-) 90 

Moliere,  Oeuvres  completes.  Collect,  p.  L. 
Moland.  at  e'd.  12  vols.  1880-94 54 

Monatshefte  fur  Chemie  u.  verwandte  Teile 
anderer  Wissenschaften.  Abhandlungen  aus 
d.  Sitzungsberichten  d.  kaiserl.  Academic  d.  Wis- 
senschaften. Bd.  i  bis  15.  1880-94.  Vergriffen!..  420 

Monatssehrift  f.  Geburtskunde  u.  Frauen- 
krankheiten.  Hrsg.  v.  Cre'de',  Hecker,  Martin. 
34B2nde.  Alleserschienen.  1853-69.  Pp.  (294.-).  145 

Jfeuis,  the  Chemical,  and  Journal  of  Physical 
science;  ed.  by  Crookes.  Vol.  1-70.  1860-94 —  425 

Palaeontographica.  Hrsg.  v.  Dunker,  Meyer, 
Zittel.  Complete  set.  1851-96 2010 


MARK 

Poggendorff's  Annalen  der  Physik  u.  Che- 
mie. Complete  set  from  the  commencement,  1824 
to  1894 2700 

Philologus.  Zeitschrift  f.  d.  Mass.  Alter- 
tum.  Bd.  1-54.  a  Suppl.-  Hefte  u.  6.  Suppl.-Bde. 
1847-95 750 

Jtabenhorst,  Kryptogamen-Flora.  Latest  ed. 
Allout!  (M. 250.20.) ^ 150 

Kepertorium  f.  JExperimentalphysiJe.  Hrsg. 
v.Carl.  Bd.  1-17.  1865-82.  u.  Fortsetzung :  Ke- 
pertorium d.  Physik.  Bd.  18-27.  1883-91.  27 
Bde.  u.  Reg.  (M. 590.20.) 120 

Wochenschrift,  Berliner philologische .  Hrsg. 
v.  G.  Andresen,  H.  Heller,  W.  Hirschfelder,  C. 
Belger  u.  O.  Seyffert.  Jahrg.  1-14.  Berl.  1881- 
94.  Bound.  (318.-) 150 

Wochenschrift  f.  klass.  Philologie.  Hrsg.  v. 
G.  Andresen  u.  H.  Heller.  Jahrg.  1-12.  1884-95. 
(288.-) 130 

Zeitschrift  f.  oesterr.  Gymnasien.  Bd.  1-46. 
1850-55 450 

Zeitschrift,  Historische .  Hrsg.  v.  H.  v.  Sybel. 
Bd.  1-67  u.  Reg.  zu  Bd.  i-ao.  1859  bis  92. 
(M.  1400.-) 400 

Zeitschrift  f.  rowan.  Philologie.  Hrsg.  v. 
GrSber.  Bd.  1-19.  1877-95 245 

Zeitschrift  f.  d.  mathemat.  u.  naturtrissen- 
schaftl.  Vnterricht.  Hrsg.  v.  J.  C.  V.  Hoff- 
mann. Jahrg.  1-26.  1870-95 150 

Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftl.  Zoologie.  Bd. 
1-58.  1848-95 3100 

Zeitung,  Arehaeologische.  Hrsg.  v.  E.  Ger- 
hard, C.  Curtius,  R.  Schoene  u.  A.  43.  Jahrg. 
1 843-85 45° 


All  correspondence  to  be  addressed  directly  to  my  Leipzig  house. 


HOBOKEN   (N.  J.)   PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 
Reprinted  by  courtesy  of  City  Government. 


THE     LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


APRIL,    1897. 


No.  4 


THE  organization  in  the  National  Educational 
Association  of  a  library  section  marks  a  notable 
advance  in  the  relations  between  schools  and  li- 
braries, and  a  great  step  forward  in  education. 
A  first  fruit  of  this  was  the  round  table  discus- 
sion on  libraries  and  schools  at  the  February 
meeting  of  the  Department  of  Superintendence 
of  the  N.  E.  A.  at  Indianapolis,  and  at  the  gen- 
eral conference  of  the  association  in  Milwaukee 
in  July  this  section  will  hold  its  first  regular  an- 
nual meeting.  Each  year  the  relations  between 
libraries  and  schools  have  become  closer,  until 
now  this  relationship  is  thus  officially  recog- 
nized. The  teacher,  from  his  point  of  view,  has 
been  reaching  out  :nto  the  library  field  by  the 
aid  of  "  supplementary  reading  "  and  like  meth- 
ods, while  the  librarian  on  his  part  has  been 
seeking  to  extend  his  field  of  usefulness  from 
the  adults  through  the  ranks  of  the  children, 
large  and  small.  Each  profession  naturally  em- 
phasizes its  part  of  this  joint  work  of  education. 
But  let  not  the  librarian  magnify  his  office.  His 
work  is  distinctively  supplementary  to  that  of 
the  teacher  while  the  child  is  at  school,  and 
in  a  wider  sense  supplementary  of  the  school 
work  after  school  years  throughout  life.  Like 
the  profession  of  the  teacher,  the  profession 
of  the  librarian  is  a  worthy  and  dignified  call- 
ing, needing  no  exaggeration  of  its  functions 
to  emphasize  its  work.  Perhaps  this  word  of 
caution  is  not  unneeded  ,  because  it  is  only 
within  a  few  years  that  the  real  worthful- 
ness  of  the  library  calling  has  been  appreciated, 
and  the  emphasis  of  its  importance  can  easily 
go  a  bit  too  far.  Taken  together,  the  profession 
of  education,  which  embraces  both  the  callings 
of  the  teacher  and  the  librarian,  does  so  great  a 
work  in  moulding  the  future,  especially  in  a 
democratic  country  like  our  own,  that  the  value 
of  its  work  cannot  be  overestimated. 


A  QUESTION  in  school  relations  often  asked  is 
how  the  teacher,  or  the  scholar,  can  do  any 
more  work,  in  reading  or  otherwise,  in  the  24 
hours  still  allotted  to  the  day  in  the  order  of  the 
universe.  The  question  is  not  to  be  stated  quite 
in  this  way.  The  problem  is  one  not  of  addi- 
tion, but  of  selection.  Ruskin  says,  "  Do  you 
know,  if  you  read  this,  that  you  cannot  read 
that?" — and  here  is  the  whole  solution.  The 


field  of  knowledge  has  vastly  broadened  within 
the  generation  past,  and  yet  it  has  been  found 
that  the  number  of  facts  to  be  learned  is  less 
rather  than  more.  Nature  interlinks  her  works, 
and  her  knowledges,  so  that  a  student  learns 
now  by  principles  rather  than  by  details  —  no 
longer  in  history  the  names  of  the  popes  or  of 
the  revolutionary  battles,  or  in  geography  a  list 
of  the  cities  in  a  given  state,  but  the  general 
course  of  events  and  the  outline  maps  of  the 
country,  into  which  individual  facts  can  be  fitted 
as  needed.  This  should  be  the  key  to  the 
reading  work  of  the  teacher  and  the  specific  li- 
brary work  in  the  schools.  The  use  of  tools  is 
a  large  part  of  educational  equipment,  and  here 
a  knowledge  of  books,  and  of  bibliography, 
the  key  to  books,  becomes  important.  If  a  child 
is  taught  how  to  get  at  facts,  this  is  worth  ten 
times  as  much  as  an  attempt  to  crowd  the  brain 
with  facts,  and  it  can  be  done  with  one-tenth  the 
labor  and  in  one-tenth  the  time,  if  it  be  done 
properly. 

ONE  of  the  most  valuable  features,  therefore, 
of  library  education  in  the  schools  should  be  a 
knowledge  of  library  aids  by  the  teacher  and 
by  the  scholar.  It  is  too  much  to  expect  that 
such  more  or  less  costly  books  as  the  "  Ameri- 
can Catalogue,"  Poole's  "Index,"  Fletcher's 
"A.  L.  A.  Index,"  Sonnenschein's  "  Best  books," 
etc.,  should  be  in  each  school  library,  or  that 
schools  should  be  able  to  subscribe  to  the  "  An- 
nual catalogue,"  the  "  Annual  literary  index," 
containing  the  continuation  of  the  Poole  and 
Fletcher  lists,  the  monthly  "  Cumulative  index" 
of  Mr.  Brett  (which  indexes  monthly  not  30 
books,  as  stated  in  error  by  Mr.  Peoples  in  the 
February  L.  j.,  but  75),  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 
the  Publishers'  Weekly,  etc.  But  the  teacher 
should  know  and  should  inform  his  pupils  just 
how  to  use  these  tools  as  found  in  the  library. 
On  the  other  hand,  such  publications  as  the 
' '  List  of  books  for  girls  and  women  "  —  really  a 
select  and  annotated  bibliography  of  the  best 
books  on  all  subjects  —  the  annotated  list  of 
books  on  fine  art  and  music,  expanding  one  divi- 
sion of  that  work,  the  "Readers'  guide"  in 
political  economy,  the  Sargent  and  Ilewins  lists 
of  books  for  children,  etc.,  etc.,  all  of  them 
moderate  in  price,  should  be  in  most  school  li- 


i8o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{April,  '97 


braries.  Moreover,  the  teacher  directly,  or  by 
proxy  of  the  librarian,  should  teach  a  child  how 
to  use  reference  books  and  how  to  browse  among 
other  books  for  himself,  so  that  the  "  informa- 
tion clerk  "  in  the  library,  useful  as  that  official 
is,  would  be  a  "  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend," 
rather  than  a  labor-saving  machine.  But  bib- 
liography is  never  to  be  confused  with  the  real 
use  of  books  :  it  is  only  the  box  of  tools  ready 
at  the  hand  of  the  worker,  for  real  work. 


THE  "tariff  on  ideas,"  as  the  New  York  Trib- 
une puts  it,  i.f.,  those  provisions  in  the  Ding- 
ley  bill  imposing  a  duty  of  25  per  cent,  on  books 
hitherto  imported  free,  has  been  taken  through- 
out the  country  as  an  affront  to  education  and 
intelligence  ;  and  the  authorities  at  Washington 
have  already  received  an  avalanche  of  protests 
from  educational  institutions  of  all  kinds,  as 
well  as  from  libraries.  Every  library  and  every 
teacher  is  interested  in  this  question,  and  so  far 
as  state  and  local  associations  and  individuals 
have  not  yet  acted,  each  should  address  some 
kind  of  protest  to  senators  and  representatives 
against  the  proposed  tax  on  knowledge.  The 
resolutions  of  members  of  the  American  Libra- 
ry Association,  printed  elsewhere,  state  the 
case  fairly  and  fully,  and  furnish  an  excellent 
model  or  suggestion  for  such  action. 


IN  view  of  the  excellent  work  done  by  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  Mr.  Crandall, 
since  under  the  new  law  he  accepted  that  post, 
there  should  be  no  doubt  of  his  retention  in  the 
public  service.  Mr.  Crandall  was  not  the  candi- 
date of  the  library  people  for  this  post,  and 
was  not  supported  by  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  in 
that  his  appointment  at  the  time  was  regarded 
as  a  political  one.  But  he  took  hold  of  the 
work  with  such  broad-minded  vigor,  has  organ- 
ized his  office  with  such  intelligence  and  skill, 
and  has  altogether  done  so  well  that  he  has 
proved  himself  the  man  for  the  place.  The 
position  is  one  which  should  not  be  the  football 
of  party  politics,  and  the  country  would  be  the 
better  served  for  the  next  four  years  if  Mr. 
Crandall's  experience  could  be  utilized  by  keep- 
ing him  where  he  is.  Librarians  should  be 
quick  to  make  known  the  sentiment  of  the  pro- 
fession in  this  matter  by  sending  to  the  new 
Public  Printer,  Frank  W.  Palmer,  prompt  let- 
ters of  protest  against  such  action  as  now, 
unfortunately,  seems  possible. 


Communications. 


RJ:I--ERENCE  NOTES  ON  CA  TALOG  CARDS. 

AN  appreciable  saving  in  time,  money,  ar.d 
duplicated  effort  could  be  made,  where  a  large 
library  is  cataloged  upon  cards,  if  an  abbrevi- 
ated guide  to  the  biography  or  bibliography  or 
other  source  or  sources  followed  in  giving  the 
form  to  the  entry,  were  entered  upon  the  back 
of  the  author  card. 

This  entry  could  direct  intelligent  users  of 
the  catalog,  promptly  and  unfailingly,  to  the 
best  biographical  notice  of  the  author  ;  and  it 
would  save  the  cataloger  a  great  deal  of  the 
useless,  wearisome,  and  disappointing  labor  of 
search  in  places  where  a  notice  is  presumably 
or  possibly  to  be  found,  but  where  none  will 
be  found. 

Is  it  not  evident  how  much  more  securely  and 
quickly  the  cataloger  can  progress  if  he  knows 
upon  what  foundation  his  predecessor  in  the 
current  catalog  built,  and  is  able  to  avoid  du- 
plicating his  search  —  on  the  contrary,  has  a 
marked  trail  before  him  to  follow  ? 

The  librarian,  in  utilizing  to  its  utmost  work 
done,  by  having  it  once  and  for  all  recorded,  and 
in  eliminating  blind  or  blundering  repetition  of 
search  for  a  large  percentage  of  new  accessions, 
will  be,  in  a  sense,  "  striking  from  the  calendar, 
unknown  to-morrow  and  dead  yesterday,"  and 
reducing  his  year  to  better  reckoning. 

MARY  IMOGEN  CRANDALL. 

A    WORD   TO  CATALOGERS. 

IT  may  seem  a  late  appeal  for  a  change  in 
an  adopted  practice,  but  the  usual  manner  of 
cataloging  pseudonyms  is  open  to  serious  criti- 
cism. Such  an  author-name  is  as  indivisible  as 
the  title  of  the  fiction  it  introduces.  Both  are 
fictitious,  and  neither  is  known  in  any  other 
order  than  that  on  the  title-page.  There  is  no 
Mr.  Twain,  Mr.  Craddock,  and  so  on.  It  is 
nonsense  to  print  a  directory  transposition  as 
a  guide  to  names  which  exist  in  the  thought  in 
quite  another  order.  It  would  be  quite  as 
reasonable  to  directory  titles,  and  print  in 
our  catalogs  "  Copperfield,  David";  "Feverel, 
Richard,  The  ordeal  of,"  etc. 

It  is  a  little  late  to  suggest  such  a  correction, 
but  not  so  late  as  it  will  be  five  years  hence.  I 
present  it  for  discussion  at  any  rate. 

WM.  CURTIS  TAYLOR. 

RIDLEY  PARK,  PA. 


PUBLISHING  NOTE. 

IT  is  regretted  that  pressure  of  other  matter 
has  made  it  necessary  to  defer  the  publication 
of  Mr.  Foster's  paper  on  "  Developing  a  taste 
for  good  literature  "  until  the  May  number  of 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL.  Other  articles  in  a 
measure  supplementing  the  topics  presented 
in  the  present  School  number,  will  also  appear 
in  later  issues. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


181 


WORK   BETWEEN    LIBRARIES  AND  SCHOOLS  — A  SYMPOSIUM. 


AT  WORCESTER,   MASS. 

BY  SAMUEL  SWETT  GREEN,  Librarian  Free 
Public  Library,  Worcester. 

IN  the  year  1879  systematic  efforts  were  made 
to  bring  about  a  close  connection  between  the 
public  library  and  the  grammar  schools  of  the 
city  of  Worcester. 

The  objects  of  the  efforts  were  twofold, 
namely:  to  afford  aid  to  teachers  and  scholars 
in  making  studies  more  interesting  and  profit- 
able, and  to  raise  the  standard  of  the  reading 
of  children. 

For  several  years  previous  to  1879  there  had 
been  intimate  relations  between  the  library  and 
the  high  school,  the  normal  school,  and  collegi- 
ate institutions. 

Certain  obstacles  have  been  encountered  in 
doing  school-work,  but  they  have  been  over- 
come, and  this  work  has  grown  into  large  pro- 
portions. To-day,  during  the  colder  months  of 
'the  year,  2000  volumes  belonging  to  the  library 
are  in  use  in  school-rooms  or  homes  under  the 
supervision  of  teachers  every  day  that  schools 
are  open. 

There  is,  of  course,  a  large  use  of  books  by 
children  additional  to  the  school  use.  The  gen- 
eral use  is  looked  after  at  the  library  with  care. 
There  seems  to  be  but  one  opinion  among  the 
teachers  of  Worcester  regarding  the  usefulness 
of  the  work.  Work  of  this  kind  is  facilitated 
and  rendered  large  when,  as  is  the  case  in 
Worcester,  it  is  encouraged  by  the  superintend- 
ent of  schools. 

Besides  the  work  done  with  books  sent  to 
school-houses,  there  is  a  very  large  use  by  chil- 
dren for  school  purposes  yf  books  within  the 
library  building.  Pupils  are  there  taught  how 
to  use  books  in  getting  information,  and,  in  large 
numbers,  make  little  investigations  there  every 
day. 

At  first  books  were  taken  by  scholars  to  and 
from  school- houses  in  lined  baskets  provided 
by  the  school  department.  Now  the  superin- 
tendent of  schools  sends  a  wagon  to  every 
school-building  once  in  two  weeks  to  bring 
away  books  that  are  to  be  returned  and  to  carry 
books  which  are  wanted. 

A  large  use  is  made  in  doing  school-work  of 
exhibitions  of  pictures  in  the  library  building. 


The  walls  of  a  lecture-hall  are  covered  at  one 
time  with  photographs,  etchings,  etc.,  illustra- 
tive of  the  civil  war,  the  time  selected  being 
that  at  which  the  pupils  have  just  finished 
studying  about  the  later  portions  of  American 
history.  The  scenes  in  which  Shakespeare 
moved,  fac-similes  of  the  earliest  editions  of 
his  works,  and  views  of  London  and  its  famous 
places  in  the  time  of  Addison  are  shown  at 
times  when  interest  is  alive  in  the  works  of 
these  authors.  As  I  am  writing  a  notable  ex- 
hibition is  going  on.  Catlin's  representations 
of  customs  among  North  American  Indians, 
Moran's  scenes  in  the  Yellowstone  Park,  a  set 
of  plates  in  use  in  German  schools  to  illustrate 
pictures  in  natural  scenery,  and  Trouvelot's 
representations  of  heavenly  objects  as  seen 
through  the  telescope,  have  been  placed  on  the 
walls  of  a  large  room,  and  scholars  (accompa- 
nied by  teachers)  from  the  different  school- 
buildings  come  successive  days  after  school, 
that  is  to  say  about  4:30  p.m.,  to  see  them. 
Such  scholars  come  as  wish  to;  none  are  obliged 
to  come,  but  large  numbers  avail  themselves 
daily  of  the  privilege  offered.  The  scholars 
gather  in  groups  about  the  different  sets  of  pict- 
ures, and  the  librarian  and  teachers  talk  with 
them  about  the  scenes  represented. 

The  Free  Public  Library  in  Worcester  was  a 
pioneer  in  bringing  about  a  close  connection  be- 
tween a  public  library  and  schools.  It  was 
sometime  after  it  began  its  work  before  confi- 
dence was  inspired  in  authorities  in  many  other 
places  to  undertake  similar  work.  After  a  few 
years,  however,  when  success  in  doing  this  kind 
of  work  had  become  very  evident  and  its  use- 
fulness clearly  and  indisputably  demonstrated, 
attention  was  attracted  everywhere,  and  all 
over  the  country  town  and  city  libraries  under- 
took work  similar  to  that  done  in  Worcester, 
and  tried,  each  library  in  its  own  way,  to  make 
themselves  useful  to  teachers  and  scholars  and 
effect  as  much  as  possible  by  working  through 
the  teachers. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  show  how  the  work 
started  in  Worcester  and  to  give  particulars  in 
regard  to  its  conduct  and  results,  but  in  such 
an  article  as  this  there  is  room  only  to  make  the 
general  statements  which  have  been  given, 


l82 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


A  T  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 

BY  FREDERICK  M.  CRUNDEN,  Librarian  Public 

Library,  St.  Louis. 

THE  St.  Louis  Public  Library  was,  until  two 
years  ago  last  June,  a  public  library  only  in 
name.  The  handicap  of  a  subscription  fee  was 
particularly  heavy  in  the  work  that  a  public  li- 
brary should  do  in  the  schools.  Before  the  fee 
was  removed,  however,  we  furnished  to  schools 
that  wished  them  sets  of  books  —  50  copies  of 
a  single  book,  such  as  Franklin's  "Autobiog- 
raphy," Scudder's  "  Book  of  folk  stories"  and 
"  Book  of  fables."  That  more  was  not  done 
was  owing  chiefly  to  the  fee,  but  also  to  lack  of 
active  co-operation  on  the  part  of  teachers. 

Since  the  library  was  made  free  its  use  by 
children  has  increased  enormously.  While  the 
total  number  of  cardholders  has  increased  (in 
less  than  three  years)  from  5000  to  45,000,  the 
enrolment  of  persons  under  17  years  has  grown 
from  about  looo  to  20,000.  We  send  to  any 
school  that  will  take  them  a  collection  of  100  or 
2oe  books,  to  be  exchanged  as  often  as  desired. 
Most  of  the  principals,  however,  do  not  care 
to  take  upon  themselves  the  trouble  and  respon- 
sibility, and  prefer  to  rely  on  the  delivery 
stations.  It  is  therefore  our  policy  to  locate 
delivery  stations  so  that  each  will  be  con- 
venient to  several  large  schools.  We  have  now  29 
stations,  through  which  14,235  volumes  were 
issued  in  February.  The  issue  shows  a  marked 
increase  from  month  to  month.  It  now  con- 
stitutes about  ^  of  the  total  circulation,  and  of 
it  about  60  %  consists  of  children's  books. 

During  the  last  five  months  we  have  registered 
an  average  of  more  than  1500  names  a  month, 
which  is  about  the  average  for  the  whole  period 
since  the  library  was  opened  free  to  the  public. 
As  readers  have  come  in  about  as  fast  as  we 
could  possibly  care  for  them,  we  have  not  found 
it  necessary,  or,  indeed,  had  time  to  make  special 
efforts  in  any  one  direction.  We  try,  however, 
to  serve  the  schools  by  giving  every  teacher  who 
desires  it  a  "  teacher's  card,"  on  which  six 
books  can  be  drawn  at  once  for  school  use. 
This  is  additional  to  the  regular  and  the  "extra  " 
or  "non-fiction"  card  to  which  every  reader  is 
entitled.  This  has  been  in  operation  for  seven 
months,  and  312  teachers  have  availed  them- 
selves of  the  privilege. 

Our  teachers,  like  teachers  all  over  the  coun- 
try, are  realizing  more  and  more  the  value,  the 
necessity  of  books  other  than  text-books  ;  and  I 
hope  to  see  the  day  when  the  initiative  will  come 
from  the  teacher,  as  it  does  now  in  a  few  cases  — 


when  the  teacher  will  agree  with  the  editor  of 
the  Springfield  Republican,  that  "the  liking  for 
a  good  book  is  of  vastly  more  importance  to 
youth  than  a  knowledge  o"f  equation  of  pay- 
ments or  adverbial  elements  of  the  third  form." 
When  that  truth,  with  all  it  implies,  has  been 
accepted  by  teachers,  superintendents,  and 
school  directors,  the  value  of  our  schools  will 
be  doubled  through  their  co-operation  with  the 
public  library. 

Let  me  add,  as  a  postscript,  that  we  are  sup- 
plying four  Sunday-schools.three  Congregational 
and  one  Baptist.  To  three  of  them  a  stock  of 
books  —  200  to  one,  and  100  to  each  of  the  others 
—  was  sent,  to  be  changed  from  time  to  time  ; 
while  the  fourth  makes  a  weekly  requisition  for 
books  wanted,  which  are  sent  on  Saturday. 
This  school  has  asked  for  a  stock  of  books  to 
supply  a  branch  library  and  reading-room, 
which  it  purposes  keeping  open  every  evening 
in  the  week. 

A  T  CLEVELA  ND,  O. 

BY  LlNDA  A.    EASTMAN,  Public  Library,   Cleve- 
land, 0. 

THE  co-operation  of  the  library  with  the 
schools  in  Cleveland  practically  began  in  1884, 
with  the  issue  of  teachers'  cards,  entitling  the 
holder  to  draw  five  books  at  a  time.  Some 
three  or  four  years  later  came  the  next  impor- 
tant step,  the  issuing  of  books  to  the  schools, 
in  sets  of  from  20  to  50,  to  be  reissued  to  the 
pupils  ;  the  results  of  this  plan  proved  so  satis- 
factory to  the  teachers,  in  spite  of  the  responsi- 
bility for  the  books  which  it  entailed,  that  almost 
from  the  beginning  the  demand  for  books  by  the 
schools  has  been  greater  than  the  library  could 
meet.  The  best  books  for  children  are  dupli- 
cated largely  for  this  use;  for  instance,  the  shelf 
lists  show  178  cogies  of  "Little  women,"  and 
several  hundred  volumes  of  Pratt's  "  American 
history  stories." 

In  issuing  books  to  the  schools,  the  teachers 
are  allowed  to  make  their  own  selection  of 
books,  so  far  as  is  possible  and  advisable.  In 
two  or  three  districts  the  principals  have  per- 
sonally overseen  the  work,  as  described  by  one 
of  them,  Miss  Comstock,  in  last  year's  school 
number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  ;  in  most  in- 
stances, however,  the  books  for  each  room  are 
in  charge  of  the  teacher.  This  year,  one  prin- 
cipal has  been  furnished  with  10  copies  each  of 
the  books  in  the  pupils'  reading  course  pub- 
lished by  the  Ohio  Teachers'  Association,  and 
the  children  of  this  building  are  being  encour- 
aged in  a  systematic  reading  of  the  course. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'83 


In  two  school  districts  a  work  has  been  begun 
which  deserves  more  than  the  brief  mention 
which  ic  can  receive  here  —  I  refer  to  a  work 
with  the  mothers  in  which  the  library  is  taking 
a  part,  by  circulating  books  on  child-training, 
housekeeping  and  home-making,  etc.,  and  which 
may  go  farther  than  any  work  heretofore  done 
in  the  co-operation  of  library  and  school,  as  it 
brings  in  a  third  (or  shall  I  say  a  first?)  great 
power,  the  power  of  the  home,  and  goes  back 
of  the  child,  to  the  parent  as  affecting  the  child. 

In  the  same  way  as  to  the  day  school,  books 
are  issued  to  the  night  schools,  to  a  number  of 
boys'  clubs,  to  Y.  M.  C.  A.  classes,  and  to 
Goodrich  House  social  settlement. 

In  January,  1896,  the  Central  High  School  and 
the  library  joined  hands  in  establishing  a  branch 
library  for  the  use  of  the  school.  The  school 
furnishes  the  room  and  the  greater  number  of  the 
books,  while  one  of  the  regular  assistants  of  the 
library  has  charge  of  the  work,  which  is  done 
according  to  our  regular  methods.  This  branch 
has  so  grown  in  importance  that  it  now  con- 
tains 3500  volumes  belonging  to  the  school, 
and  about  1000  more  loaned  from  the  library  ; 
each  day,  while  school  is  in  session,  books  are 
sent  out  from  the  main  library  to  fill  any  tem- 
porary demand.  The  reports  show  an  average 
daily  reference  attendance  of  over  225  through- 
out the  past  term,  and  an  average  daily  issue  of 
115  books  for  home  use.  The  reading  lists 
which  the  high  school  has  published  for  each 
grade,  with  helpful  suggestions  about  reading, 
have  done  much  to  guide  the  pupils  in  their 
selection  of  books. 

The  normal  school  is  looking  more  and  more 
to  the  library  as  a  fruitful  resource  ;  and  except- 
ing such  books  as  may  be  wanted  as  text- 
books, the  library  puts  no  limit  on  the  books 
sent  there  for  actual  use.  Most  encouraging  is 
the  fact  that  a  realization  is  very  surely  grow- 
ing of  the  importance  of  a  study  of  juvenile 
literature  as  a  legitimate  part  of  the  normal 
school  course  ;  there  yet  remains-to  be  empha- 
sized the  fact  that  pupils  need  systematic  in- 
struction in  the  use  of  books. 

The  teachers'  reading-room,  equipped  with 
the  leading  school  journals  and  a  reference 
library  of  several  hundred  pedagogical  works, 
has  been  moved  from  the  school  headquarters, 
owing  to  its  overcrowded  condition,  into  the 
alcove  of  the  library,  which  contains  the  books 
on  education,  and  this  has  tended  to  bring  the 
teachers  into  closer  touch  with  the  library.  The 
school  holiday  series  of  special  reading  lists 


published  by  the  library  this  year  has  added 
largely  to  the  use  of  the  library  by  the  schools. 

With  the  expansion  of  our  branch  system,  the 
use  of  the  library  by  the  children  themselves 
has  grown  rapidly,  as  each  branch  is  easily 
available  to  the  pupils  of  several  large  school 
buildings.  When  the  new  South  Side  branch 
was  opened  a  few  weeks  ago,  such  crowds  of  chil- 
dren presented  themselves  that  it  became  neces- 
sary to  send  a  notice  to  the  schools  in  that  part 
of  the  city,  assigning  to  each  grade  one  day  on 
which  the  pupils  of  that  grade  and  none  others 
could  be  registered  and  given  cards  ;  so  far  it 
has  been  impossible  to  supply  books  fast  enough 
to  meet  the  demands  of  this  branch,  and  re- 
peatedly comes  the  word  from  there,  "Send 
more  juvenile  books,  there  is  not  a  juvenile 
book  on  the  shelves." 

During  the  holiday  vacation,  and  again  dur- 
ing the  present  spring  vacation,  we  advertised 
"  Children's  week  at  the  library,"  with  the  re- 
sult that  many  little  folk  have  sought  and  found 
much  of  their  vacation  pleasure  here.  One 
thing  which  is  sure  to  lead  to  a  wiser  and  more 
diversified  choice  of  reading  on  the  part  of  the 
children  has  been  the  bringing  together  of  all  of 
the  children's  books  into  what  is  known  as  the 
juvenile  alcove.  This  alcove  has  heretofore 
contained  only  the  juvenile  fiction,  and  many  of 
the  best  books  for  young  people,  scattered 
throughout  the  library  wherever  their  classifi- 
cation with  the  subject  put  them,  were  practi- 
cally lost  to  the  children. 

A  book-mark  which  originated,  like  many 
other  good  things,  in  Wisconsin,  has  appealed 
very  successfully  to  Cleveland  children  with  its 
little  story.  The  formation  of  the  children's  li- 
brary league  is  our  latest  development  for  the 
creation  of  a  sentiment  of  respect  for  books  and 
for  careful  usage  of  them  ;  it  is  in  its  first  in- 
fancy, but  it  seems  to  promise  a  worthy  future. 

A  plan  of  organizing  reading  committees  of 
the  teachers  best  qualified  to  pass  judgment  on 
every  juvenile  book  put  into  the  library  has  the 
hearty  support  of  the  school  authorities,  and 
the  first  steps  have  been  taken  toward  putting  it 
into  operation. 

The  success  of  the  plan  of  circulating  pictures 
is  assured  by  the  co-operation  of  the  superin- 
tendent and  the  master  of  drawing  of  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  of  the  faculty  of  the  School  of 
Art. 

Coming  to  the  higher  education,  it  may  be  of 
interest  to  note  that  books  are  sent  by  messen- 
ger from  our  library  to  the  Hatch  Library  of 


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[April,  '97 


Western  Reserve  University,  to  supply  books 
wanted  there,  just  as  they  are  sent  to  the  branch 
libraries. 

This  is  the  merest  outline  of  a  work  for  which 
there  seems  to  be  unlimited  possibilities  of  ex- 
pansion. Is  any  line  of  library  work  better  worth 
while  ? 

A  T  DETROIT,  MICH. 

BY  HENRY  M.  UTLEY,  Librarian  Public 
Library,  Detroit. 

SINCE  1887  the  Detroit  Public  Library  has 
supplied  books  specially  for  the  reading  of  the 
children  of  the  public  schools.  The  scheme, 
which  was  begun  in  a  small  and  experimental 
way,  has  been  extended  from  time  to  time, 
until,  at  the  opening  of  the  present  year,  up- 
wards of  7000  books  are  circulated  from  55 
school-houses.  Books  have  not  been  provided 
for  the  grades  below  the  fourth,  but  it  is  not 
improbable  that  the  young  children  will  yet  be 
favored  in  a  manner  similar  to  their  elders,  and 
that  every  public  school  in  the  city  will  be  made 
a  branch  of  the  public  library.  The  books  are 
duplicates  specially  selected  for  the  purpose, 
and  the  number  of  copies  of  each  ranges  all  the 
way  from  a  dozen  to  a  hundred.  They  were 
carefully  chosen  with  a  view  to  meet  all  tastes, 
and  include  the  books  which  have  become 
classics  by  reason  of  the  universal  approval  of 
young  people,  and  those  in  which  children  are 
known  to  take  delight. 

The  books  are  exchanged  once  in  eight  weeks, 
or  five  times  during  the  school  year.  If  re- 
quests come  from  teachers  respecting  the  as- 
signment of  certain  books,  they  are  complied 
with  ;  otherwise  the  distribution  is  made  by  the 
library  assistant  in  charge  of  this  department. 
The  task  of  caring  for  these  books  at  the  school 
is  not  made  irksome  to  the  teachers.  They  are 
sent  out  in  chests,  in  which  they  may  be  kept  in 
the  school-room.  There  is  no  formality  about 
giving  them  out.  Of  course,  every  child  in  a 
school  is  personally  known  to  the  teacher.  No 
guaranty  is  required.  The  receipt  on  file  shows 
the  whereabouts  of  every  book.  If  a  volume 
is  lost  or  destroyed,  the  parent  of  the  child  is 
expected  to  pay  the  cost  of  replacing  it,  if  able. 
Books  in  houses  in  which  there  are  contagious 
diseases  are  returned  directly  to  the  library  and 
destroyed. 

When  the  books  are  received  at  the  schools 
they  are  assigned  to  the  different  rooms  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  children,  and  any 
pupil  is  entitled  to  draw  any  one  of  the  books 
to  be  taken  home  and  kept  until  read  or  its  re- 


turn is  required  by  the  teacher.  A  ticket  in  the 
form  of  a  receipt  is  made  out  by  the  child,  giv- 
ing the  title  of  the  book,  the  date  when  drawn, 
and  name  of  the  person  drawing.  These  tick- 
ets are  filed  in  their  order.  When  the  book  is 
returned,  they  are  transferred  to  another  file, 
and  at  the  end  of  each  month  are  counted  and 
the  result  entered  in  a  blank  form  of  report, 
which  reports  are  compiled  at  the  library  at  the 
end  of  the  year  and  show  the  school  circula- 
tion. Last  year  this  amounted  in  the  4th  grade 
to  19,692  ;  5th  and  6th  grades,  20,756  ;  7th  and 
8th  grades,  8932  ;  gth  to  I2th  grades,  43,364  ;  a 
total  of  93,744.  The  reports  from  the  several 
schools  show  that  the  comparative  use  of  the 
books  bears  no  uniform  relation  to  the  number 
of  children  in  the  school.  One  school,  with 
an  enrolment  more  than  40  per  cent,  greater 
than  another,  shows  less  than  half  its  circula- 
tion ;  one  school  shows  every  pupil  to  have  read 
on  the  average  8.5  books,  another  shows  an 
average  reading  of  only  2.8.  There  are  two 
grounds  of  explanation  of  this  discrepancy  — 
proximity  of  the  school  to  the  library,  and  the 
interest  taken  by  the  teachers  in  the  work. 
Children  may  have  library  cards  and  make  use 
of  the  library,  and  many  whose  homes  are  not 
distant  and  in  the  more  prosperous  sections  of 
the  city,  who  have  read  most  of  the  books 
offered  them  at  the  schools,  choose  instead  to 
go  directly  to  the  library  for  their  books.  But 
more  than  all  things  else  does  the  interest 
taken  by  the  teachers  show  itself  in  the  reading 
of  the  children.  Enthusiastic  teachers  not  only 
inspire  their  pupils  with  desire  to  read  the 
books  sent  out  to  them,  but  lead  them  to  the 
library  and  help  them  to  make  judicious  selec- 
tions. This  influence  is  a  matter  of  common 
observation  at  the  library.  It  is  encouiaging 
to  note  that  the  interest  and  enthusiasm  among 
teachers  are  growing.  As  they  see  the  results 
of  the  reading  of  good  books  in  the  stimulation 
of  the  mental  activity  of  the  pupils  in  the  ac- 
quirement of  knowledge  and  improvement  of 
taste,  they  are  more  than  ever  eager  to  promote 
the  good  work. 

This  system  is  building  up  a  clientage  for  the 
public  library  which  will  increase  as  the  years 
go  on.  The  habit  of  reading  good  books  is 
not  only  one  of  the  best  |hings  which  the  school 
can  furnish  to  the  child,  but  is  insuring  to  the 
public  library  stanch  friends  and  patrons.  In 
very  many  cases,  especially  in  the  poor  and 
more  remote  portions  of  the  city,  the  books 
taken  home  from  the  schools  are  read  by  all 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


185 


the  members  of  the  family,  and  in  some  known 
instances  have  been  the  means  of  inducing  the 
taking  out  of  library  cards  and  of  advertising 
the  library  in  quarters  where  it  had  been  hither- 
to unknown  or  little  thought  of. 

AT  MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 

BY  MARY  ELLA  DOUSMAN,  Public  Library, 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 

THE  motive  which  underlies  the  work  done 
in  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library  may  be  fitting- 
ly expressed  in  the  words  of  President  Eliot, 
that  "It  is  always  through  the  children  that 
the  best  work  is  to  be  done  for  the  uplifting  of 
any  community." 

There  is  no  age  limit,  and  the  library  strives 
to  win  the  attention  of  the  youngest  through  a 
plentiful  supply  of  the  best  colored  picture- 
books  obtainable,  which  it  urges  parents  to  take 
home  to  the  little  ones.  These  picture-books 
are  also  sent  in  large  numbers  to  kindergartens 
and  primary  grades,  where  they  are  received  with 
great  delight,  one  teacher  having  reported  that 
some  of  her  children  wept  when  they  were  pro- 
moted from  the  primary  grades  to  others  where 
there  were  no  picture-books.  As  long  as  there 
is  a  demand  for  these  books  in  the  intermediate 
grades  there  seems  no  reason  why  a  few  should 
not  be  sent  for  the  pleasure  of  the  children  who 
still  enjoy  them.  The  library  has  published  a 
list  of  these  picture-books  which  teachers  and 
parents  find  useful  in  making  a  selection.  The 
number  of  times  these  books  are  issued  in  the 
primary  grades  is  a  matter  of  surprise  even  to 
the  most  sanguine;  one  teacher  issuing  30  books 
over  1600  times  during  the  two  months  the  books 
were  retained.  Another  teacher  says,  "After 
once  having  the  books  I  cannot  do  without 
them,"  and  another  having  a  rude  and  unman- 
nerly class  of  children  says  she  must  have  a 
new  set  of  books  immediately,  as  a  carefully- 
selected  set  of  stories  does  much  toward  teach- 
ing the  children  to  be  kind  and  gentle  to  one 
another. 

The  teachers  are  urged  to  come  to  the  library 
to  make  their  own  selection  of  books,  but  when 
this  is  not  possible  they  are  asked  to  send  lists  or 
discuss  the  special  needs  of  their  classes  with  the 
assistant  in  charge  of  the  school  circulation.  To 
keep  the  resources  of  the  library  ever  in  the 
minds  of  the  teachers  a  complete  catalog  of  the 
books  for  young  people  has  been  made  a  part  oi 
the  manual  of  school  instruction,  and  special  ref- 
erence lists  have  been  published  on  holidays, 
such  as  Independence  day,  Memorial  day, 


Washington's  birthday,  Thanksgiving  day,  and 
Christmas. 

To  still  further  assist  parents  and  teachers  a 
ist  of  25  best  books  for  primary  and  intermedi- 
ate grades  has  recently  been  published,  giving 
the  name  of  publisher  and  price  of  book,  thus 
assisting  those  wishing  to  purchase  suitable 
iooks  for  home  libraries.  The  list  may  also  be 
used  as  a  call  slip  at  the  library,  and  includes 
such  books  as  Scudder's  "  Verse  and  prose  for 
aeginners,"  Norton's  "Heart  of  oak"  books, 
Andrews'  "  Seven  little  sisters,"  Schwatka's 
"Children  of  the  cold,"  Stevenson's  "Child's 
garden  of  verse,"  Eggleston's  "  Stories  of  great 
Americans  for  little  Americans,"  "Stories  of 
American  life  and  adventure,"  and  others. 

To  show  the  steady  growth  of  the  system  of 
circulation  of  books  through  the  public  schools 
of  Milwaukee,  one  has  only  to  glance  through 
the  annual  reports  of  the  library  since  the  plan 
was  put  in  operation  in  1888,  when  the  neces- 
sity of  making  the  library  better  known  to 
children  living  in  the  outlying  districts  became 
apparent. 

The  library  assumed  the  cost  of  transportation, 
and  the  teacher  acted  as  librarian,  issuing  books 
to  such  children  as  were  provided  with  library 
cards. 

During  the  first  year  2235  books  were  drawn 
by  various  teachers,  and  given  out  6728  times, 
each  volume  being  read  on  an  average  of  three 
times  during  the  six  weeks  the  books  were  re- 
tained. The  experiment  proved  an  unqualified 
success,  and  in  order  to  meet  the  increasing  de- 
mand for  books  the  library  board  decided  to 
expend  $500  in  duplicating  the  best  books  for 
young  people. 

During  the  second  year  the  work  was  greatly 
extended,  taking  in  almost  every  school  in  the 
city,  and  at  the  request  of  the  teachers  the  time 
of  retaining  books  was  extended  from  six  weeks 
to  two  months,  and  over  $1000  was  expended 
for  duplicates.  The  hearty  co-operation  of  the 
teachers,  the  generosity  of  the  board  of  trustees 
in  the  matter  of  buying  duplicates,  and  the  en- 
thusiasm and  untiring  efforts  of  the  superin- 
tendent of  the  circulating  department  have  made 
it  possible  to  carry  on  the  work  to  its  present 
extent. 

During  the  year,  beginning  in  September, 
1895,  20,691  books  were  issued  65,943  times  by 
246  teachers  in  41  graded  schools,  three  high 
schools,  one  state  normal  school,  one  school  for 
the  deaf,  three  Sunday-schools,  and  two  private 
schools.  Books  were  also  sent  to  hospitals, 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{April,  '97 


homes  for  the  aged,  and  the  state  industrial 
school  for  girls.  As  soon  as  one  set  of  books 
was  returned  from  the  schools  or  institutions 
there  was  an  eager  demand  for  "  more  books." 

The  present  year  shows  a  still  greater  in- 
crease in  the  work,  or  as  the  old  man  who  de- 
livers^the  books  expresses  it,  "  They  are  hun- 
gry for  books."  It  is  indeed  true,  as  the  rapid 
increase  at  the  main  library  testifies.  Many  a 
child  living  in  the  outlying  districts,  after  read- 
ing all  the  books  sent  to  his  school,  requests 
the  teacher  to  give  him  his  card  that  he  may 
visit  the  library  —  which  is  probably  miles  from 
his  home  —  there  to  still  further  satisfy  his 
"hunger"  for  more  books. 

In  addition  to  the  books  there  is  a  collection 
of  over  2000  mounted  pictures  which  are  loaned 
to  the  schools.  These  pictures,  which  are  taken 
from  the  extra  copies  of  Harper's  Weekly, 
London  Illustrated  News,  and  other  good  week- 
lies, are  neatly  mounted  on  manilla  board.  The 
work  of  cutting  and  pasting  is  mainly  done  by 
the  assistants  during  the  summer,  when  the 
regular  work  is  not  so  heavy,  although  teachers 
have  offered  their  services  on  several  occasions 
and  at  such  times  have  been  assisted  by  their 
pupils.  These  pictures  are  sent  to  the  schools 
for  the  same  length  of  time  as  the  books  and 
prove  a  source  of  great  pleasure  to  the  chil- 
dren. 

A  T  SPRINGFIELD,  MASS. 

BY  MARY  MEDLICOTT,  Reference  Department, 
City  Library,  Springfield. 

THE  work  of  our  library  as  an  aid  to  the 
schools 'of  the  city  has  been  a  growth  of  years, 
developing  with  use  and  further  acquaintance 
with  its  desirability. 

We,  of  course,  provide  works  on  the  princi- 
ples of  education,  and  on  the  theory  and  art  of 
teaching,  for  the  use  of  instructors;  the  writings 
of  standard  educational  authors  ;  pedagogical 
periodicals  and  reports  of  the  board  of  educa- 
tion of  our  own  state,  the  commissioner  of  edu- 
cation, and  others.  Also  the  latest  and  best 
books  of  a  practical  character  as  they  come 
from  the  press.  We  furnish  many  of  the  best 
books  for  reading,  directly  illustrative  of  the 
various  studies  pursued  in  the  schools,  for  col- 
lateral and  general  study. 

Each  teacher  is  furnished  with  a  personal 
card  and  also  a  teacher's  card,  entitling  to  the 
use  of  six  books  at  a  time  for  school-work. 
Pupils  of  12  years  old  and  over  are  also 
entitled  to  cards  for  personal  use.  Teachers 
are  invited  to  furnish  in  advance  the  topics 


they  propose  to  give  to  their  classes,  and  we 
select  the  best  available  books  upon  these  top- 
ics, placing  them  at  the  disposal  of  the  students 
for  use  out  of  school  hours.  This  tends  to  im- 
provement in  the  work  of  the  schools,  and  to 
familiarity  with  the  use  of  books  for  purposes 
of  study,  cultivating  habits  of  investigation, 
which  will  be  of  service  later  on  in  life. 

To  go  a  little  more  into  detail  as  to  methods: 
We  lately  placed  in  the  reference-room  addi- 
tional shelves  which  are  used  exclusively  for 
books  for  classes  in  the  schools  ;  assigning 
special  shelves  to  each  class  or  teacher  who 
desires  it,  and  labelling  them  (in  L.  B.  label- 
holders)  with  the  subject  represented  on  the 
shelf,  changing  the  label  when  the  books  or  sub- 
jects are  changed.  As  for  instance  :  French 
history,  General  history,  American  literature, 
Astronomy,  Electricity,  Glass-making,  etc. 
Thus  the  scholars  soon  learn  where  to  go  for 
their  books,  and  if  they  require  additional  help 
they  have  only  to  ask  at  the  reference-desk. 
Sometimes  the  teachers  prefer  to  make  their 
own  selections  of  books. 

For  this  work  we  utilize  the  best  material 
that  the  library  can  furnish  :  books,  the  newest 
encyclopaedias,  magazine  articles,  and  even 
newspaper  cuttings  occasionally,  especially  for 
recent  biography.  All  these  are  treated  as  ref- 
erence-books for  the  time  and  not  allowed  to  be 
taken  home.  The  scholars  are  also  encouraged 
to  search  out  for  themselves  books  or  maga- 
zine articles  that  will  be  useful  by  the  aid  of 
the  catalogs,  "  Poole's  Index, "etc.,  thus  varying 
the  methods  of  study.  In  our  monthly  bullet- 
ins we  frequently  print  special  lists  which  are 
of  help  to  them,  and  we  are  always  glad  when 
any  of  the  teachers  will  aid  in  the  selection  of 
the  best  books  for  these  printed  lists. 

We  have  been  very  fortunate  in  the  spirit  of 
harmony  and  co-operation  between  library  of- 
ficials and  teachers,  resulting  in  mutual  benefit. 

Our  library  is  especially  well  located  foi*,the 
work  of  helping  the  public  schools.  It  is  in 
close  proximity  to  the  high  school,  so  that 
often  during  school  hours  some  of  the  pupils 
will  come  in  —  between  two  "periods"  —  to  use 
the  books  set  apart  for  them  ;  and  again  after 
school  closes.  In  immediate  connection  with 
the  library,  and  under  its  management,  is  the 
Art  and  Natural  History  Museum,  and  the  re- 
sources of  both  collections  are  available  for 
purposes  of  school  study. 

From  the  duplicate  geological,  mineralogical, 
and  lithological  specimens  in  the  Natural  His- 


April,  '97] 


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187 


tory  Museum,  collections  have  been  prepared 
and  loaned  to  the  various  grammar  schools  of 
the  city.  We  have  prepared  and  printed  in  our 
monthly  bulletin  a  selected  list  of  the  best  books 
in  our  library  to  use  in  connection  with  the  study 
of  these  specimens,  and  which  may  also  serve  as 
a  guide  in  the  building  up  of  school  libraries. 

A  course  of  lectures  on  natural  woods,  vege- 
table fibres,  and  kindred  topics  is  being  given 
before  the  teachers,  in  the  natural  history  hall, 
and  for  this,  too,  we  have  prepared  a  list  of 
helpful  books,  which  has  been  printed  for  cir- 
culation among  the  teachers. 

For  the  weekly  lectures  or  talks  on  art,  given 
to  high-school  pupils  in  one  of  our  lectftre- 
rooms,  we  likewise  furnish  much  material  in 
the  way  of  illustrative  Tjooks,  both  for  lecturer 
and  pupil.  To  these  may  be  added  the  easy 
and  practical  examination  of  art  objects  and 
pictures,  and  art-books,  and  of  the  fuller  nat- 
ural history  collections. 


The  teachers  bear  witness  to  the  usefulness 
of  the  library  in  these  ways,  and  to  the  exten- 
sion of  the  so-called  "laboratory  method"  to 
all  branches  and  grades  of  study.  One  of  our 
school  principals  writes  :  "  The  books  thus 
supplied  in  history,  geography,  and  other  de- 
partments of  school  study  are  of  inestimable 
value,  stimulating  and  developing  in  the  pupils 
a  taste  for  solid  literature,  and  enabling  the 
teachers  to  give  a  broader  education  than  could 
possibly  be  done  by  the  use  of  text-books  and 
oral  instruction  alone."  Indeed,  he  adds  that, 
"after  having  been  accustomed  for  »  time  to 
this  method,  he  should  hardly  know  what  to  do 
with  his  school  if  he  could  not  avail  himself  of 
the  opportunities  for  this  supplementary  use  of 
books  in  connection  with  the  text-books  in  use." 

The  librarians  also  notice  gradual  improve- 
ment in  the  methods  of  study  in  those  who 
come  week  after  week,  perhaps  year  after  year, 
to  make  use  of  our  books  for  school-work. 


CHILDREN'S   READING  :  WHAT   SOME  OF  THE  TEACHERS  SAY. 
BY  JOHN  COTTON  DANA,  Librarian  Denver  Public  Library. 


THE  Public  Library  of  Denver  is  maintained 
by  School  District  No.  One;  a  district  embrac- 
ing about  half  the  population  of  the  city  and  a 
large  proportion  of  its  taxable  property.  It  has 
at  present  an  enrolment  of  about  10.000  chil- 
dren. The  library  is  a  part  of  the  district's  ed- 
ucational system;  and  while  it  serves  the  public 
as  effectively  as  its  resources  permit,  every  care 
is  taken  to  make  it  popular  with  the  teachers, 
attractive  to  the  children,  and  adapted  generally 
to  the  needs  of  the  schools.  With  this  end  in 
view  a  great  deaj  of  attention  has  been  paid  to 
the  purchase  of  books  for  teachers  and  pupils, 
and  every  effort  has  been  made  to  induce  both 
teachers  and  pupils  to  make  use  of  the  library. 
A  recent  inquiry  showed  that  of  the  700  chil- 
dren in  the  high  school  over  90  %  have  library 
cards.  Of  the  total  books  lent  for  home  use 
about  one-third  are  from  the  juvenile- room, 
which  contains  about  one-fifth  of  the  library's 
lending  department.  Of  the  total  number  of 
visitors  to  the  library  —  they  have  averaged  for 
a  good  part  of  the  last  winter  about  1500  per  day 
—  nearly  700  are  children. 

The  library  came  into  existence,  as  an  insti- 
tution of  practical  use  to  the  schools,  about  five 
years  ago,  with  about  7500  volumes.  Since  that 
time  its  connection  with  the  schools  has  in- 


creased as  rapidly  as  the  growth  of  volumes  on 
the  shelves  has  permitted.  It  now  has  35,000 
volumes,  a  great  many  of  which  are  all  the 
time  in  teachers'  and  pupils'  hands.  Collections 
of  from  10  to  50  and  60  volumes  are  sent  to 
teachers'  rooms  on  their  request  and  largely  of 
their  own  selection,  and  are  kept  for  one  month, 
or  six  months,  or  as  long  as  wanted.  Teachers 
lend  these  books  for  home  use,  or  not,  as  to 
them  seems  best.  This  work  in  the  schools  has 
been  going  on  for  several  years;  but  to  a  large 
extent  only  during  the  past  12  months. 

The  school  district  itself  purchased,  four  years 
ago,  about  3000  volumes  of  supplementary  read- 
ers. This. collection  it  has  increased  to  about 
8000  volumes;  the  list  now  including  not  only 
supplementary  readers  but  a  large  number  of 
books  called  desk  -  books,  like  Matthews's 
"American  literature,"  "  Portraits  and  sketches 
of  American  authors,"  "  How  to  teach  reading," 
Dole's  "  American  citizen,"  etc. 

The  fact  that  the  school  district  sustains  and 
controls  the  library;  that  it  is  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  superintendent  of  schools,  and 
that  it  has  been  for  several  years  in  close  touch 
with  teachers  and  pupils,  explains  the  interest 
taken  by  teachers  in  a  circular  of  inquiry  about 
children's  reading  which  was  recently  sent, 


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[April,  '97 


through  the  principals,  to  every  teacher  in 
grades  one  to  four,  101  in  all.  The  principals 
were  requested,  at  one  of  their  meetings,  to  call 
the  attention  of  the  teachers  to  the  fact  that  in 
answering  these  inquiries  they  could  help  the 
library  in  its  work;  but  that  they  were  under  no 
obligations  whatever  to  make  any  reply,  and 
that  no  one  save  themselves  and  the  librarian 
would  ever  know  whether  they  replied  or  not. 
The  object  of  this  explanation  was  to  make 
sure  that  only  those  teachers  who  were  inter- 
ested in  the  matter  for  its  own  sake  should  ex- 
press any  opinions.  Of  the  101  circulars  sent 
out,  73  were  returned.  The  principals  of  the 
grade  schools,  16  in  number,  were  also  asked  to 
reply  to  the  questions,  and  13  did  so.  Their  re- 
plies are  included  in  the  figures  below.  The 
questions  and  the  replies,  the  latter  tabulated 
as  fully  as  possible,  were  as  follows  : 

CHILDREN'S  READING:  OPINIONS  AND  SUGGESTIONS 

OF  TEACHERS. 

Will  you  help  the  public  library  by  answering 
as  fully  as  you  can  the  following  questions  ?  Re- 
turn this  sheet  by  mail  in  the  enclosed  envelope. 

1.  (a)  Do  you  think  it  would  be  well  for  pu- 
pils in  your  grade  to   read   more   books  ?    (l>) 
What  are  the  reasons  for  your  opinion  ? 

To  (a)  13  answer,  yes;  one  answers,  no. 

2.  How  early  in  their  school  life  is  it  possible, 
on  the  average,  to  interest  children  in  indepen- 
dent, outside  reading  ? 

32  say,  in  the  first  grade  (children  about  6J^  years  old). 
25  say,  in  the  second  grade       "  "    7%      "       " 

14  say,  in  the  third  grade         "  "    85£     "       " 

3.  (a)  Could  you  increase  the  amount  of  read- 
ing done  by  the  children  in  your  grade  if  you  had 
books  which  you  could  lend  them  for  home  use  ? 
(b)  Could  you  increase  the  reading,  even  in  the 
first  grade,  if  you  had  appropriate  books  to  lend  ? 

To  (a)  73  say,  yes;  2  say,  no. 
To  (f)  44  say,  yes;  6  say,  no. 

4.  Can  you  name  some  of  the  more  essential 
characteristics  of  the  books  which  especially  in- 
terest the  children  in  your  grade? 

31  say,  "  Should  be  about  plants,  animals,  and1  other 

familiar  things." 

24  say,  "  Should  be  about  fairies  and  the  like." 
ii  say,  "  Must  have  human  interest "  (this  essential  is 

also  impliedly  mentioned  in  many  other  replies). 
10  say,  "  Should  have  illustrations." 

5.  (a)  To  the  children  of  what  grade  can  you 
show  the  difference  between  books  —  between 
those  that  are  true  to  life  and  those  that  are  not; 
between  those  that  may  be  called  literature,  and 
those  that  may  be  called  silly  ?    (b)  To  those, 
say,  below  the  fifth  grade  ? 

To  (f)  32  say,  yes;  5  say.  no. 


6.  What  proportion  of  the  children  under  your 
care  do  you  think  are  in  the  habit  of  reading 
books  ?    As  many  as  one  in  10  ? 

Average  of  all  estimates  is  30  per  cent. 

7.  Do  the  children  under  your  care  read  the 
trashy   story-paper   and  "nickel  libraries"  to 
any  great  extent  ? 

51  say,  no;  6  say,  yes. 

8.  If  so,  do  you  think  some  of  them  would 
change  to  better  reading  if  the  better  were  of- 
fered them  ? 

9.  If  you   have  any  decided  views  on  chil- 
dren's reading  in  general,  will  you  write  them 
down  on  the  other  side  of  this  sheet? 

^The  replies  to  question  I  (a)  are  perhaps  what 
might  naturally  have  been  expected;  and  yet  it 
seems  a  little  remarkable  that  there  are  among 
101  average  teachers  of  children  between  six  and 
II,  or  among  the  73  who  replied,  only  one  who 
is  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  not  be  well  for 
pupils  to  read  more  books  than  they  now  read. 
The  reasons  for  the  affirmative  replies,  and  a 
good  idea  of  the  character  of  the  notes  accom- 
panying them,  will  be  found  in  the  following 
extracts: 

"  The  reading  habit  should  be  formed  early." 

"  Reading  would  add  greatly  to  their  limited 
vocabulary,  and  improve  their  language,  writ- 
ten and  oral." 

"  Reading  will  make  them  more  intelligent 
thinkers." 

"The  pupil  who  does  the  most  outside  read- 
ing is  a  better  reader  than  the  one  who  does  lit- 
tle or  none;  fs  more  intelligent  and  a  better 
talker." 

"  I  find  all  my  good  readers  are  those  who 
read  at  home." 

"  Those  who  are  liberally  supplied  by  their 
parents  with  good  books  as  a  rule  express  their 
thoughts  correctly." 

"It  is  easier  to  influence  a  child's  taste  for 
good  reading  at  the  age  of  eight  or  nine  than 
several  years  later." 

"Reading  awakens  their  interest  for  other 
things." 

"Children  who  read  good  books  are  better 
prepared  for  their  grade  work." 

"  I  find  that  pupils  who  read  most  are  those 
who  most  intelligently  grasp  nearly  all  sub- 
jects." 

"  If  outside  reading  did  nothing  but  familiar- 
ize children  with  good  conversational  English 
it  would  be  worth  while." 

The  answers  to  the  second  question  are  prob- 
ably very  much  affected  by  the  experience  of 
those  who  make  the  replies.  Teachers  who 


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189 


have  never  taught  in  the  first  grade  would  be 
commonly,  I  suppose,  more  sceptical  about  in- 
teresting children  in  reading  while  they  are  still 
in  that  grade  than  those  who  have  had  expe- 
rience in  primary  work.  It  will  be  noted  that 
the  71  replies  to  this  question  all  say  that  it  is 
possible  to  interest  children  in  outside  reading 
by  the  time  they  are  in  the  third  grade.  This 
means  by  the  time  they  are  10  years  of  age. 

Question  3  (a)  comes  as  a  natural  result  of  the 
opinions  indicated  in  the  replies  to  I  and  2.  If 
one  can  draw  any  conclusion  from  these  answers 
it  would  seem  that  they  indicate  that  not  yet 
has  sufficient  attention  been  paid  to  the  reading 
of  the  very  young.  We  have  been  talking  about 
the  "  juveniles"  in  our  library  work  for  years, 
and  have  meant,  in  general,  books  for  children 
of  the  age  for  Oliver  Optic  and  Harry  Castle- 
mon  ;  we  should  have  been  putting  in  a  good 
part  of  our  time  in  the  consideration  of  books 
for  children  of  the  age  for  "  Mother  Goose, "and 
"  Puss  in  boots,"  and  "  Jack  the  giant-killer." 

Question  3  (b)  is  also  in  effect  a  part  of  the  re- 
ply to  question  2.  44  out  of  50  teachers  are  evi- 
dently of  the  opinion  that  children  of  six  and 
seven  years  of  age  could  easily  be  persuaded  to 
take  an  interest  in  books  at  home.  In  their  re- 
plies to  question  2,  teachers  make  such  remarks 
as  the  following: 

"  Every  child  would  read  at  home  if  he  had 
anything  interesting  to  read." 

"  You  can  interest  children  in  outside  reading 
just  as  soon  as  they  are  able  to  read»at  all." 

"  My  pupils  are  second  grade,  and  have  sur- 
prised me  by  asking  for  stories." 

In  replying  to  question  3  some  of  them  say: 

"  Surely,  and  to  great  advantage  even  in  the 
first  grade,  and  in  this  grade  many  more  books 
are  needed  than  we  now  have.  The  little  ones 
are  greedy  for  them." 

Another  says  that  most  of  the  children  in  her 
grade  are  from  homes  where  parents  have  little 
or  no  leisure  to  procure  books;  but  gladly  make 
use  of  whatever  is  placed  in  their  way  for  the 
children. 

Another  says:  "  I  find  that  two-thirds  of  my 
children's  reading  is  confined  to  Sunday-school 
papers." 

The  replies  to  question  4  must  be  considered 
as  being  the  natural  outcome  of  the  movement 
of  recent  years  toward  nature  study.  In  the 
schools  of  this  district,  in  the  last  two  or  three 
years,  very  much  attention  has  been  paid  to 
natural  history.  The  most  elaborate  of  the 
courses  of  study  issued  by  the  district  last  fall 


was  devoted  to  the  sciences  of  botany,  geology, 
zoology,  metallurgy,  astronomy,  etc.  It  would 
seem  from  these  replies,  in  the  first  place,  that 
it  is  evident  that  teachers  can  interest  their  chil- 
dren in  any  subjects  they  wish;  and  in  the  sec- 
ond place,  that  the  result  of  the  work  of  recent 
years,  in  these  particular  schools  at  least,  has 
been  to  interest  children  in  plants,  animals,  and 
like  familiar  things.  Of  course,  it  is  not  yet 
proven  that  paying  so  much  attention  to  natural 
history  is  a  good  thing  from  an  educational 
point  of  view.  The  important  point  to  note  is 
that  teachers  can  produce  certain  specific  effects 
upon  children,  can  direct  their  attention  and 
their  interests,  if  they  wish. 

In  answering  question  4  some  of  the  teachers 
say: 

"Almost  any  subject  if  expressed  in  short 
sentences  and  illustrated." 

"Must  be  true  to  the  child's  experience,  and 
expressed  in  the  child's  simple  way." 

"You  can  interest  primary  children  in  any 
tale  on  earth  that  you  tell  them,  and  in  almost 
any  that  you  read  to  them." 

"A  child  is  interested  in  the  life  and  actions 
of  a  normal  child  if  naturally  and  pleasantly 
described;  he  is  very  fond  of  detail." 

"  I  find  the  boys  mostly  interested  in  histori- 
cal works,  while  the  girls  are  attracted  towards 
accounts  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  the 
various  nations." 

"  They  like  stories  of  modern  life  which  come 
near  enough  to  their  own  experience  to  be 
easily  understood." 

Question  5  is,  of  course,  very  much  of  a  leap 
in  the  dark,  and  not  much  reliance  can  be 
placed  upon  the  replies. 

It  was  understood  in  the  drawing  up  of  these 
questions  that  they  would  not  be  of  any  great 
value  by  reason  of  the  replies  to  them  that 
might  be  received.  The  object  kept  in  view  in 
preparing  them,  and  in  sending  them  out,  was 
the  interesting  teachers  in  several  aspects  of 
the  problem  of  children's  reading.  We  wished 
to  draw  attention  to  the  library  and  to  books  in 
general;  and  we  took  pains  to  frame  the  ques- 
tions in  such  a  way  as  to  call  the  attention  of 
the  teachers  to  their  own  indifference,  if  they 
were  indifferent,  and  their  own  ignorance,  if 
they  were  ignorant,  of  the  things  the  circular 
spoke  of.  Question  5,  it  was  thought,  would 
raise  certain  questions,  and  perhaps  for  the 
first  time,  in  a  good  many  of  the  teachers'  minds. 
The  replies  to  5  would  indicate  that  more  of  the 
teachers  had  given  the  question  serious  consid' 


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[April,  '97 


eration  than  librarians  generally  have  supposed. 
They  say,  for  example,  that  first-grade  children 
"can  appreciate  the  difference  between  a  good 
story  and  goody-goody  stories."  And  "any 
child  of  average  intelligence  can  be  made  to  see 
and  understand  the  difference,  if  one  will  give 
time  and  attention  to  the  effort." 

The  replies  to  question  6  are,  on  the  whole, 
rather  encouraging.  If  one-third  of  the  chil- 
dren from  six  to  n  in  the  average  city  school 
are  in  the  habit  of  reading,  we  have  a  great 
field  for  work,  and  there  is  enough  to  do  to 
keep  us  all  busy  for  many  years  in  taking 
pains  that  the  reading  they  do  is  of  the  proper 
kind. 

In  regard  to  question  7,  the  general  opinion 
seems  to  be  that  the  story-paper  and  the 
"nickel  library"  does  not  come  into  a  child's 
life  until  he  is  past  the  4th  grade,  or  is  near- 
ly 12  years  of  age.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
know  if  this  is  a  fact.  I  believe  the  teachers 
who  made  replies  to  question  7  know  what  they 
are  talking  about. 

If  children  can  be  led  to  read  during  the 


years  from  six  to  n  ;  if  they  can  be  induced  to 
read,  in  the  main,  whatever  the  teacher  may 
care  to  give  them  ;if  they  are  not  likely  to  come 
in  contact  with  cheap  and  nasty  literature  until 
they  have  passed  this  period  :  then  is  it  most 
evident  that  this  is  the  period  in  young  folks' 
lives  within  which  the  public  library  and  the 
school-room  library  can,  and  should,  do  its  best 
and  most  enduring  work.  Here  is  the  period 
when  the  reading  habit  should  be  formed  ;  here 
is  the  period  when,  to  as  great  an  extent  as 
possible,  right  taste  should  be  formed.  It  is 
suggested  by  the  replies  to  these  questions  that 
it  is  possible,  at  least,  that  a  great  deal  of  our 
public  library  work  has  been  aimed  at  people 
who  are  already  beyond  salvation,  and  that  we 
should  amend  our  ways,  widen  out  our  chil- 
dren's departments,  work  our  way  still  more 
thoroughly  and  effectively  into  the  schools, 
gain  the  co-operation  and  the  aid  of  the  teach- 
ers—  they  above  all  others  can  help  us  —  win 
the  sympathy  and  good-will  and  assistance  of 
the  parents,  and  get  at  the  children  between 
the  ages  of  six  and  II, 


SCHOOL  LIBRARIES. 
BY  ELECTRA  C.  DOREN,  Librarian  Dayton  (O.)  Public  Library. 


As  great  even  as  a  good  book  is  the  power  to 
communicate  to  another  the  love  for  one.  To 
win  children  to  this  love,  to  lead  them  to  appro- 
priate to  themselves  ideals  from  characters  in 
books,  to  appeal  to  the  sense  of  ethical  relation 
through  their  imaginations,  to  deepen  and  en- 
rich the  emotions  by  suggestion;  in  other  words, 
to  so  read  a  good  book  into  a  child  that  he  is 
bound  in  some  way  to  live  it  out  in  himself,  is  a 
privilege,  the  hope  of  which  alone  is  enough  to 
sweeten  days  of  unseen  and  never-to-be-ac- 
knowledged drudgeries  of  the  school-room  and 
the  library.  To  make  possible  this  privilege, 
and  to  realize  to  a  greater  degree  than  has 
heretofore  been  done  the  ideal  mission  of  the 
book  to  the  people,  is  the  ultimate  aim  of  the 
school  library  system  of  Dayton. 

It  is  one  thing  to  select  books  for  a  given  pur- 
pose and  bring  them  together  as  a  symmetrical 
collection  of  ideas  tending  toward  that  purpose; 
it  is  another  to  invent  and  operate  the  machinery 
for  distributing  them  to  convenient  points  for 
the  user;  and  it  is  another  »nd  a  very  different 
thing  to  use  the  book  —  to  .open  it  £o  the  reader,  be 
he  child,  woman,  or  man,  GO  that  if  shall  be  felt 
by  him  to  be  a  real  thing. 


Within  the  limits  of  opportunity  and  with 
such  means  as  have  been  at  its  command,  the 
Public  Library  of  Dayton  has  taken  the  first 
and  the  second  step.  The  last  can  only  be  taken 
when  the  public  shall  demand  that  the  course  of 
instruction  shall  include  the  pleasure  of  reading 
as  well  as  the  study  of  it  as  a  word-calling  ex- 
ercise. To  describe  this  movement  so  far  as  it 
has  taken  place  in  Dayton  with  the  third  step  as 
its  goal  in  view  is  my  object. 

A  fondness  for  reading  as  a  preferred  form 
of  idleness  is  not  necessarily  a  love  for  good 
books;  it  is  too  often  a  love  for  bad  books,  and 
if  unguarded  by  circumstance,  which  in  itself  is 
a  kind  of  circumspect  prohibition,  or  uncor- 
rected  by  natural  good  taste  or  conscience,  it 
will  soon  develop  into  a  vicious  habit,  and  the 
speedy  degeneration  of  memory  and  will-power 
takes  place.  Mental  and  moral  fibre  having 
been  attacked  and  weakened  are  thus  prepared 
to  succumb  before  temptation  of  a  more  active 
sort  when  the  opportunity  for  it  shall  arrive. 
Notwithstanding  the  solicitude  often  expressed 
by  parents,  educators,  and  librarians  upon  the 
subject  of  children's  reading,  it  is  a  matter 
which  has  been  left  largely  to  regulate  itself 


April,  '97] 


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191 


by  chance.  To  organize  chance  and  to  array  it 
upon  the  side  of  good  sense  is  the  better  part  of 
valor  in  a  reformation  of  this  sort,  for  such  in 
part  it  must  be. 

Having  at  my  disposal,  last  spring,  three 
months  of  good  leisure,  I  determined  with  Miss 
Eastman,  then  the  assistant  librarian  at  Dayton, 
to  follow  up  a  series  of  library  lectures  in- 
stituted by  the  library  board  during  the  pre- 
ceding winter,  with  a  study  of  the  use  made  of 
the  public  library  by  teachers  and  pupils  of  the 
public  schools.  The  address  at  the  opening  of 
this  lecture  course  by  Mr.  Frank  Conover,  the 
secretary  of  the  board,  upon  the  "  Relation  of  the 
public  library  to  the  public  school,"  and  also  that 
of  Dr.  W.  J.  Conklin,  the  vice-president,  upon 
the  "  Educational  value  of  the  public  museum," 
had  called  special  attention  to  these  institutions 
.as  educational  factors,  and  were  an  excellent 
preface  for  the  purpose  which  we  had  in  view. 
This  purpose  is  set  forth  in  the  following  note 
addressed  by  us  to  each  of  the  principals  of  the 
public  schools: 

"We  are  seeking  information  concerning  the 
reading  of  children  as  a  working  basis  for  our- 
selves in  making  selected  book  lists  which  we 
hope  will  help  the  child  in  his  choice  of  out-of- 
school  reading,  and  at  the  same  time  be  a 
means  by  which  we  may  co-operate  intelligent- 
ly with  the  teacher  in  the  work  of  his  educa- 
tion. To  this  end  we  have  formulated  the  ques- 
tions enclosed.  The  ruled  blank  we  would  like 
to  have  filled  out  by  yourself  and  the  list  of 
questions  by  the  children  as  indicated  in  the 
note  enclosed  to  the  teacher. 

"  In  order  to  better  inform  ourselves  as  to 
the  mental  grasp  of  the  children  in  the  various 
grades  of  school-work,  and  also  better  to  ap- 
preciate the  educational  system  of  which  we 
deem  the  Public  Library  and  Museum  a  part, 
we  are,  with  the  consent  of  the  superintendent 
of  instruction,  visiting  the  school-rooms  from 
the  4th  to  the  8th  grades,  and  hope  within  a 
few  days  to  visit  your  district." 

The  following  questions  enclosed  to  the 
teachers  were  answered  in  writing  by  each 
child: 

1.  About  how  many  books   have  you   read 
since  Christmas  ? 

a.  Name  as  many  of  these  as  you  can. 

b.  What  book  in  your  own  home  library  is 
most  read  and  best  liked  in  your  family  ?    What 
magazine?    What  paper? 

2.  What  book   did  you   like   best  of  all  the 
books  you  ever  read  ? 

3.  Have  you  a  card  to  draw  books  from  the 
public  library? 

4.  Do  you  take  books  from  any  library  other 
than  the  public  library  ? 

5.  Do  your  parents  ever  tell  you  good  books 
to  read  and  help  you  select  them  ? 


6.  If  not,  do  you  choose  your  own  books? 

7.  Do  you  read  any  newspaper?    Name. 

8.  Have  you  ever  been  in  the  museum  above 
the  library  ? 

a.  How  many  times? 

In  the  course  of  the  three  months,  from 
March  until  the  latter  part  of  May,  we  visited 
the  school-rooms  of  the  city  in  each  of  the  20 
districts,  paying  particular  attention  to  the  four 
grades  between  the  third  reader  and  the  grade 
next  to  the  high  school.  Thus  we  became 
personally  acquainted  with  the  teachers  on  their 
own  ground  and  had  an  opportunity  for  judg- 
ing of  the  children  as  we  saw  them  in  class 
recitations  and  in  the  brief  talks  which  we  were 
permitted  to  have  with  them.  We  heard  some- 
thing of  their  histories,  and  saw  their  homes 
and  the  conditions  of  the  localities  from  which 
they  came,  walked  the  distances  which  they 
must  walk  to  get  a  book  from  the  library,  and 
gathered  on  all  sides  a  store  of  impressions  by 
which  we  might  better  interpret  their  answers, 
and  realize  in  a  more  perfect  way  the  needs 
and  capacities  of  those  for  whom  we  hoped  to  see 
fuller  provisions  made.  The  distance  of  school- 
houses  from  the  library  varies  from  a  block  and 
a  half  to  two  miles  or  more,  four  of  the  school- 
houses  only  being  within  one  mile  of  it. 

Omitting  the  answers  of  the  third  reader 
grades  and  the  rooms  of  two  districts  which 
made  no  returns  to  us,  3192  children  between 
the  ages  of  10  and  14  years  sent  in  papers.  Of 
these,  1069,  or  about  one-third  only,  said  that 
they  drew  books  from  the  public  library;  733, 
or  less  than  one-fourth,  drew  from  other  libra- 
ries, such  as  the  Sunday-school,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
etc.  In  most  cases  these  children  were  also  public 
library  readers,  some  of  them  drawing  from 
three  different  libraries  at  one  time.  A  little 
less  than  two-thirds  of  the  entire  3192  did  not 
take  books  from  any  library,  nor  had  they  books 
at  home.  Over  one-half  of  those  who  did  take 
said  they  chose  their  own  books. 

To  the  questions,  "  Do  your  parents  ever  tell 
you  good  books  to  read,  and  help  you  to  select 
them  ?"  the  answers,  "  Not  very  often,"  "  No- 
body helps  me,"  "I  choose  my  own  books," 
from  pitiful  little  lo-year-olds,  had  a  most 
mournful  aspect.  In  one  case  a  small  urchin 
of  the  eighth  grade  who  had  read  58  books 
since  Christmas,  "an  average,"  according  to 
his  calculations,  "of  three  to  five  books  a 
week,"  naively  replies  to  the  question,  "Do 
you  choose  your  own  books?"  "Yes,  by  the 

help  Of ,  one  of  the  librarians."  The  list  is 

as  follows,  verbatim  et  literatim  : 


192 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


LIBRARY   WORK. 

Eighth  grade.       Willie  L.       First  district. 
I  have  read  on  an  average  of  3  to  5  books  a 
week. 

Little  Bobtail. 

Poor  &  proud. 

Sink  or  swim. 

Strive  &  succeed. 

Toby  Tyler. 

Mr.  Stubb. 

Mr.  Stubb's  brother. 

Tom  Newcom. 

A  rolling  stone  gathers  no  moss. 

Ben's  motto. 

Ragged  Dick. 

Fame  &  fortune. 

Bob  Burton. 

Tattered  Tom. 

Fill  the  Fidler. 

Mark  the  match  boy. 

Ben,  the  luggage  boy. 

The  circus-rider. 

Ben's  nugget. 

Out  West. 

Young  suvior. 

Young  boatman. 

Young  pioneer. 

Ned  in  the  blockhouse. 

Frank  the  young  naturalist. 

Frank  on  the  prairie. 

Frank  in  the  woods. 

Frank  on  a  gunboat. 

Frank  before  Vicksburg. 

Frank  in  the  mountains. 

Frank  in  Don  Carlo's  ranch. 

Frank  among  the  trappers. 

Frank  in  the  forecastle. 

Snowed  up. 

Sportsman's  Club  among  the  trappers. 

Sportsman's  Club  in  the  saddle. 

Sportsman's  Club  among  the  Boears. 

Stem  to  stern. 

Boat  builders. 

Bivouac  and  battle. 

Dorcas  Club. 

Afloat. 

On  a  coral  reef. 

Drifted  ashore. 

Ten  weeks  in  a  skift. 

Iron  horse. 

The  Canoe  Club. 

Young  outlaw. 

Sam's  chance. 

New  Guiena. 

A  floating  island. 


A  buried  treasure. 
The  white  chief. 
Gold  in  California. 
Dog  Cruseo. 
In  school  and  out. 
On  the  blockade. 
Running  the  gauntlet, 
and  almost  all  the  boys'  books  in  the  library. 

2.  Castieman's,  Aldgiers,  Optics,  and  Ellises 
books  are  the  best. 

3.  Three  in  our  family. 

4.  None  but  my  own. 

5.  Not  very  often. 

6.  Yes,  by  the  help  of ,  one  of  the  librari- 
ans. 

7.  I  read  Evening  Post,  Herald,  and  Morning 
Times, 

8.  Yes,  very  often. 

9.  Been  in  the  museum  almost  every  Sunday 
that  it  was  open,  and  once  or  twice  every  week. 

It  is  difficult  to  say  which  child  is  the  more 
hopeful  case  of  the  two;  the  one  whom  we  have 
just  quoted  or  another  who  sent  in  the  follow- 
ing dreary  string  of  negatives  : 

Fifth  Grade.     Willie  W.     Fifth  district. 

3-  No. 

4.  No. 

5-  No. 

6.  No. 

7.  Post. 

8.  No. 

9.  No. 

Neither  list  is  an  exception.  They  are  types 
of  hundreds  of  others. 

After  collecting  and  counting  the  children's 
answers,  conferences  of  the  teachers  of  each 
grade  were  held  at  the  library,  where  we  dis- 
cussed informally  the  books  which  they  had 
found  suitable  to  children  of  their  grade,  book 
lists,  the  children's  answers  and  their  own  ex- 
periences. The  attention  of  the  teachers  was 
also  called  to  Miss  Eastman's  article  "  The 
child,  the  school,  and  the  library,"  a  copy  of 
which  was  given  to  each  of  them,  it  having 
been  reprinted  by  the  library  board  from  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for  this  purpose. 

Having  reported  the  results  of  our  study  to 
the  board,  we  were  directed  to  recommend  a 
suitable  list  of  juvenile  books  for  purchase,  and 
in  November  the  board  of  education  was  re- 
quested by  the  secretary  of  the  library  board 
to  allow  the  circulation  of  books  to  children 
through  the  agency  of  the  schools.  By  the  last 
week  in  January,  1897,  nearly  1200  books  had 
been  placed  in  63  school-rooms  in  the  city. 


April,  '97] 


LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


«93 


The  library  has  since  been  increased  to  2100 
volumes  and  113  teachers  are  now  supplied. 

The  system  of  distribution  is  practically  that 
of  a  travelling  library.  Each  teacher  is  allowed 
to  have  one-half  as  many  books  as  there  are 
pupils  in  her  room.  This  number  will  be  in- 
creased as  the  library  is  able  to  purchase  more 
books.  She  selects  her  own  library,  which  is 
delivered  to  the  school-room  in  a  neat  walnut- 
stained  case  with  lock  and  key  and  a  portfolio 
provided  with  the  blanks  for  a  simple  charging 
system.  The  library  may  be  kept  in  the  school 
for  three  months,  the  children  taking  the  books 
for  seven  days  at  a  time.  There  are  no  fines 
or  penalties  except  the  temporary  suspension 
of  library  privileges  in  case  of  negligence  in  re- 
turning or  taking  care  of  a  book.  Thus  far, 
however,  the  children  have  shown  great  zeal  in 
keeping  their  books  nicely.  Usually  they  are 
covered  as  soon  as  they  are  taken  home. 
Teachers  report  that  the  general  effect  upon 
their  pupils  has  been  to  stimulate  and  quicken 
their  minds  in  all  directions. 

The  books  of  the  school  department  form  a 
distinct  collection  from  the  general  library  and 
are  kept  in  a  bright,  sunny  room  apart  from  it, 
where,  unrestricted  by  rules  necessary  for 
order  in  other  parts  of  the  building,  the  teach- 
ers may  have  free  access  to  the  shelves,  and 
meet  with  one  another  in  the  exchange  of  books 
and  opinions  upon  them.  In  the  summer  vaca- 
tion this  room  will  be  opened  to  children  also  — 
a  special  assistant  being  in  charge.  There  is 
also  a  juvenile  library  in  the  general  collection. 

We  cannot  soon  forget  the  eager,  serious, 
childish  faces,  young  and  old,  of  the  army  of 
little  human  beings  which  confronted  us  in  the 
school-rooms  last  spring,  a  host,  three-fourths 
of  whom,  if  statistics  count  for  anything,  will 
in  all  likelihood  leave  school  forever  before 
they  are  12  years  of  age,  having  after  that  time 
no  guide  or  opportunity  for  mental  pleasure  or 
growth  except  such  as  chance  may  throw  in 
their  way  ;  and  in  many  cases,  for  lack  of  a 
very  little  training  and  knowledge,  ignorant 
even  of  such  means  as  really  do  exist  for  after- 
school  or  out-of-school  education.  To  place 
these  in  their  way  and  to  give  them  some 
knowledge  beforehand  seems  at  least  but  the 
complement  to  the  idea  of  popular  education, 
and  a  reasonable  service  for  the  schools  to  per- 
form ;  but  it  is  one,  the  need  of  which  has  not 
yet  been  definitely  realized  and  therefore  only 
fitfully  performed.  Until  the  course  of  study 
in  our  public  schools  is  modified  and  the  em- 


phasis of  its  methods  is  differently  placed, 
neither  the  eagerness  of  children  for  books,  nor 
the  enthusiasm  of  teachers,  or  the  readiness  of 
public  libraries  to  furnish  books  can  avail  half 
of  their  worth  and  power. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  committee  ap- 
pointed from  state  and  national  associations  of 
teachers  and  librarians  to  co-operate  in  school 
and  library  work  will  take  note  of  this  fact,  and 
that  an  effort  will  be  made  to  put  the  love  of 
literature  in  its  logical  and  ethical  relation  to 
the  teaching  of  it,  and  thus  avoid  the  anomaly 
of  attempting  to  teach  literature  in  the  higher 
schools  to  pupils  in  whom  neither  love  nor  un- 
derstanding, nor  desire  for  it  has  been  implanted. 
As  the  course  of  study  is  planned  where  the  per 
cent,  system  reigns  as  the  sole  criterion  of  at- 
tainment, there  is  not  one-half  hour  in  the  day, 
hardly  one  hour  in  the  week,  when  teacher 
and  pupil  may  meet  in  the  school-room  in  the 
friendship  of  books,  of  real  books,  apart  from 
task  work  and  per  cents.  Such  an  inter- 
change would  be  a  vitalizing  current,  a  fertil- 
izing ray  from  distant  suns;  but  it  is  one  which 
never  falls  across  the  path  of  their  hard-beaten 
routine.  As  between  them  no  living  thing  of 
hope  or  imagination  can  spring  from  such  soil 
in  such  an  atmosphere. 

In  the  series  of  panels  of  his  "  Romaunt  of 
the  rose,"  Burne  Jones  gives  us  the  allegory  of 
"  Love  and  the  Pilgrim."  Worn,  bleeding,  and 
tear-stained,  Love  finds  the  Pilgrim  among  briers 
and  cruel  rocks.  She,  counselled  by  a  flight 
of  tender  doves  ever  circling  above  her  head, 
reaches  to  the  sufferer  her  hand,  and  draws  her 
onward  toward  a  mountain-height  beyond  which 
lies  the  expanse  of  ocean,  air,  and  sky.  In  the 
place  where  Love  finds  the  Pilgrim  there  is  a 
land-girt  stream,  which,  failing  to  find  its  way 
through  the  barrier  of  the  mountains,  returns  in 
a  sad  circle  upon  itself,  and  the  land,  self-fed 
and  watered  by  sluggish  streams,  is  barren. 
Which  is  Love  and  which  is  the  Pilgrim  in  this 
union  of  the  library  and  the  school  is  not  for  us 
to  say,  but  certain  it  is  that  when  they  together 
shall  reach  the  summit  and  shall  see  the  bright 
expanse  and  the  morning  sunshine  making 
straight  the  path  before  them,  the  fresh,  salt 
winds  wafting  toward  them  messages  from  be- 
yond, then  a  life  undreamed  of  in  the  pent,  self- 
returning  round,  being  newly  fed,  will  spring 

into  richer,  purer  feeling. 

"  Behold  ! 

A  new  beatitude  I  make ; 
Blessed  are  the  books,  I  say, 
For  honey  of  the  soul  are  they ! " 


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[April,  '97 


OBSERVATIONS  UPON  CHILDREN'S 
READING. 

PROF.  JAMES  E.  RUSSELL,  of  the  University 
of  Colorado,  is  engaged  upon  a  systematic 
study  of  the  kind  and  amount  of  reading  done 
by  children,  based  upon  careful  statistical  in- 
quiry in  the  public  schools  of  Colorado.  His 
investigations  have  not  yet  been  concluded,  but 
are  sufficiently  systematized  to  afford  some 
ground  for  the  following  propositions  : 

(1)  That  pupils  of  a  given  age  read  approxi- 
mately the  same  amount  whether  the  town  is 
well  supplied  with  libraries  or  not.     In  towns 
poorly  supplied  with  books  there  is  a  regular 
system  of  exchange  in  vogue.     Many  instances 
have  been  found  of  a  single  book  being  passed 
about  until  every  member  of  a  grade  had  read 
it.     This  is  the  natural  travelling  library. 

(2)  That    the    chief    influence    of    libraries, 
especially  of  school-room  libraries,  is  to  improve 
the  quality  of  reading. 

(3)  That  much  more  reading  is  done  in  the 
seventh  grade  (age    13%  to  14^)  than  in  any 
other  grade,  including  the  high  school.     Girls 
seem  to  reach  the  maximum  a  year  earlier,  but 
hold  over  during  the  seventh. 

(4)  At  the  time  of  most  intense  reading  there 
seems  to  be  a  great  diversity  in  the  character  of 
the  books  read.     Pupils  of   the  seventh  grade 
read  everything  that  comes  into  their  hands. 
In  the  high  school  the  taste  seems  to-  be  better 
developed  and  more  uniform  ;  one  reads  fiction 
and  little  else  ;   another  reads  history  chiefly  ; 
another   is   interested   in   scientific  books,  etc. 
In   any  case    the   tendency   is   generally   well 
marked.     This  raises  the  query  whether  more 
attention  should  not  be  given  to  reading  in  the 
sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth  grades. 

These  generalizations  are  based  upon  returns 
from  towns  of  widely  different  tastes  and  ten- 
dencies ;  they  have  yet  to  be  fully  worked  out, 
but  they  give  interesting  indications  of  the  val- 
uable results  that  may  be  expected.  A  sum- 
mary of  Prof.  Russell's  conclusions  and  infer- 
ences, when  completed,  will  be  given  in  a  later 
issue  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


PICTURES  FOR  SCHOOL  ROOMS. 

A  COLLECTION  of  solar  prints,  enlarged  from 
direct  photographs,  was  recently  hung  for  ex- 
hibition in  the  juvenile  room  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library  to  show  what  can  be  done  at  a 
comparatively  small  expense,  to  cultivate  the 
artistic  sense  in  school  children  ;  and  to  suggest 
to  those  who  would  be  interested,  the  purchase 
and  gift  to  schools  of  similar  copies.  In  the 
collection  were  famous  examples  of  sculpture, 
the  Venus  of  Milo,  the  Victory  of  Samothrace, 
as  well  as  modern  sculptures  by  Fremiet  and 
Barye  ;  photographs  of  Grecian  and  Egyptian 
architecture,  of  Gothic  cathedrals,  of  Venetian 
and  Moorish  palaces  ;  specimens  of  wood- 
engraving  by  DUrer  and  others  ;  of  famous 
paintings  and  mural  decorations  ;  and  portraits 
of  George  and  Martha  Washington,  of  Lowell, 
Lincoln,  Franklin,  and  others. 


CHILDREN'S  BOOKS   OF  1896. 

Reiiietved  by  Miss  C.  M.  Heivins,  of  Hartford  Public 
Library,  at  the  meeting  of  the  New  York  State 
Library  Association  and  New  York  Li- 
brary Club,  Brooklyn,  Jan.  14,  1897. 

THERE  is  no  very  good  book  for  children  in 
the  list  for  1896;  that  is,  no  book  worthy  to  be 
put  into  the  A.  L.  A.  selected  list.  Of  the  39 
books  listed,  there  are  five  that  I  have  never 
seen.  Of  the  remaining  34,  Barnes's  "  For  king 
or  country  "  [Harper.  $1.50]  is  a  story  of  twin 
brothers  who  for  family  reasons  take  different 
sides  in  the  Revolution.  It  has  some  good  local 
color  in  descriptions  of  the  seat  of  war  in  New 
Jersey,  but  the  conversation  is  full  of  modern 
slang  and  colloquialisms.  However,  it  does 
children  good  to  understand  that  there  were 
men  in  the  Revolution  who  took  the  king's  side 
from  a  sense  of  right.  The  same  author's  "  Mid- 
shipman Farragut "  [Appleton.  f  i]  is  a  truthful 
account  of  the  naval  hero's  life,  embroidered 
with  conversations  that  are  not  improbable. 

Brooks's  "  Century  book  of  famous  Amer- 
icans" [Century.  $1.50]  was  written  for  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  is 
an  account  of  a  pilgrimage  made  by  boys  and 
girls  to  places  of  historic  interest.  His  "  True 
story  of  Abraham  Lincoln  "  [Lothrop.  $1.50]  is 
adapted  to  the  comprehension  of  younger  chil- 
dren than  lives  before  published.  His  "  Under 
the  tamaracks"  [Penn  Pub.  Co.  $1.25]  is  an 
account  of  a  summer  spent  by  boys  at  the 
Thousand  Islands,  where  they  meet  General 
Grant,  but  is  not  as  interesting  or  useful  as 
"  The  long  walls"  [Putnam.  $1.50],  written  by 
Mr.  Brooks  in  collaboration  with  a  new  writer 
who  signs  himself  John  Alden.  This  gives  a 
boy  or  girl  studying  the  history  of  Greece  or 
beginning  Greek  grammar  an  insight  into 
old  Greek  life,  and  awakens  an  interest  in  recent 
archaeological  work  that  may  bear  fruit  later. 

Hezekiah  Butterworth's  "Wampum  belt" 
[Appleton.  $1.50]  is  a  fairly  good  Indian  tale, 
but  his  "Zigzag  stories"  should  be  ruled  out  of 
the  books  of  1896,  because  they  have  all  been 
published  in  one  volume  or  another  of  the 
"Zigzag  series." 

Arthur  T.  Quiller-Couch's  "Fairy-tales  far 
and  near  "  [Stokes.  $1.50]  are  taken  from  vari- 
ous sources  and  include  Lover's  "Little  weav- 
er," a  variant  of  the  "Valiant  little  tailor"  of 
Grimm  and  "Valiant  chattee-maker  "  of  "Dec- 
can  days,"  and  also  the  familiar  folk-sto- 
ries of  "Blue  Beard,"  "The  singing  leaves," 
"  The  goose-girl,"  and  "Chicken  Little,"  all  of 
which  may  be  found  in  larger  collections  that 
can  be  bought  for  less  money. 

Crockett's  "Sweetheart  travellers"  [Stokes. 
$1.50]  is  no  more  a  child's  book  than  Canton's 
"  W.  V.;  or,  the  invisible  playmate."  It  is  a 
charming  book  about  a  child,  but  not  for  one  — 
a  loving  character-study  of  the  author's  little 
daughter. 

Frost's  "  Court  of  King  Arthur"  [Scribner. 
$1.50]  is  a  pretty  good  resetting  of  some  of  the 
King  Arthur  stories  for  children  younger 
than  those  who  read  "The  age  of  chivalry" 
or  Lanier's  "  Boy's  King  Arthur." 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


195 


Norman  Gale's  "Songs  for  little  people" 
[Macmillan.  $2]  shows  the  influence  of  Steven- 
son, but  his  verse  is  not  spontaneous,  and  is 
sometimes  morbid,  as  in  the  dying  child's  ad- 
dress to  his  friend  the  old  gardener.  Gale,  de- 
lightfully as  he  writes  of  English  orchards  and 
harvests,  has  not  learned  to  see  life  from  a 
child's  standpoint.  Some  of  the  verses  that 
come  nearest  a  childish  view  are  those  on 
Auntie  Jane,  who  is  "sweeter  than  a  daffodil 
and  softer  than  a  mouse,"  but  the  verses  that 
describe  her  do  not  give  as  clear  an  idea  of 
the  personality  of  a  child's  favorite  as  Riley's 
"Granny's  come  to  our  house,"  or  Stevenson's 
two  lines  on  his  aunt: 

"  What  did  the  other  children  do. 

Or  what  were  childhood,  wanting  you  ?  " 

Joel  Chandler  Harris's  "  The  story  of  Aaron  " 
[Houghton.  $2]  is  always  entertaining  to  chil- 
dren, and  Aaron,  the  mysterious  slave  of  Arab 
descent,  and  the  Arabian  horse,  their  power  of 
talking  together,  and  their  relations  with  Buster 
John  and  Sweetest  Susan  are  as  delightful  as 
Uncle  Remus  and  Brer  Rabbit,  or  "  Miss  Mead- 
ows en  de  gals." 

Henty's  "At  Agincourt,"  "On  the  Irra- 
waddy"and  "With  Cochrane  the  dauntless" 
[Scribner.  ea.,  $1.50]  have  the  usual  amount 
of  history  on  a  thread  of  narrative,  and  the  sec- 
ond and  third  tell  the  story  of  the  first  Burmese 
war  and  some  dashing  naval  exploits  on  the 
South  American  coast,  which  are  unfamiliar  to 
many  readers  older  than  those  for  whom  the 
books  are  written.  I  have  often  heard  a  well- 
known  lawyer  speak  of  the  pleasure  and  his- 
torical information  that  the  Henty  books  have 
given  him,  and  Cochrane  was  an  entirely  new 
character  to  him  and  to  me. 

Joseph  Jacobs's  "  Book  of  wonder  voyages" 
[Macmillan.  $1.50]  '.includes  the  voyages  of 
the  Argonauts  and  Maelduin,  with  one  from  the 
"Arabian  nights"  and  one  from  the  Northern 
sagas. 

Andrew  Lang's  "Animal  story-book"  [Long- 
mans. $2]  is  one  of  the  best  books  of  the  year. 
He  has  collected  not  only  the  old  favorites  like 
Androcles  and  the  lion,  but  a  great  many  new 
ones  from  the  autobiography  of  Alexander 
Dumas  and  other  modern  sources. 

Andre  Laurie's  "  School-boy  days  in  France  " 
[Estes.  $1.50]  is  not  told  in  a  style  that  inter- 
ests American  boy  readers. 

Albert  Lee's  "Tommy  Toddles"  [Harper. 
$1.25]  is  one  of  several  imitations  of  "Alice  in 
Wonderland,"  and  is  not  nearly  as  good  as 
Charles  Carryl's  books  of  the  same  kind. 

Morrison's  "  Chilhowee  boys  at  college" 
[Crowell.  $1.50]  is  a  story  of  life  in  Tennessee 
early  in  the  century,  of  little  interest  to  boys 
except  in  the  region  where  the  scene  is  laid. 

Mrs.  Moulton's  "In  childhood's  country" 
[Copeland.  $2],  although  illustrated  by  Ethel 
Reed  in  the  style  of  the  last  year's  drawings 
for  the  "  Arabella  and  Araminta  stones,"  is  not 
a  book  for  children.  For  example,  such  verses 
as  these,  encouraging  premature  flirtation  and 
heartaches,  should  have  no  place  in  a  child's 
library: 


"  Little  Boy  Blue  walks  in  the  lane, 
Beside  the  tailor's  Mary  Jane, 
With  never  a  thought,  when  she  beguiles, 
Of  waiting  Margery's  patient  smiles; 
For  they  always  say  men  never  are  true, 
And  '  I  am  a  man  '  says  little  Boy  Blue." 

In  the  tale  of  a  doll  and  a  tin  soldier: 

"  The  faithful  doll,  the  storygoes, 

Bereft  of  her  soldier,  fickle  and  fine, 

Silently  bearing  what  nobody  knows, 

Is  fading  away  in  a  swift  decline." 

Kirk  Munroe's  "  Rick  Dale  "  [Harper.  $1.25] 
is  the  story  of  a  boy  kept  indoors  and  molly- 
coddled on  account  of  supposed  heart-disease, 
who  runs  away  and  after  a  year's  roughing  it 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  where  he  meets  some  of 
the  characters  in  "The  fur-seal's  tooth"  and 
"Snow-shoes  and  sledges,"  and  has  several 
hairbreadth  escapes,  becomes  a  robust  young 
man  and  a  player  on  a  college  football  team. 
Some  of  the  adventures  are  improbable,  but 
the  general  tone  of  the  book  is  wholesome. 
The  same  author's  "Through  swamp  and 
glade  "  [Scribner.  $1.25]  is  a  tale  of  the  Semi- 
nole  war. 

Edmond  Neukomm's  "Rulers  of  the  sea" 
[Estes.  $1.50]  is  a  story  of  the  Vikings,  but 
not  as  good  or  interesting  a  one  as  Leighton's 
"  Olaf  the  glorious  "  or  Du  Chaillu's  "  Ivar  the 
Viking." 

Nora  Perry's  "  Three  little  daughters  of  the 
Revolution "  [Houghton.  75  c.]  is  a  book  of 
three  slight  short  stories,  two  of  Revolutionary 
times,  one  of  to-day. 

Rolfe's  "Shakespeare  the  boy"  [Harper. 
$1.25]  is  useful  for  reading  in  connection  with 
English  history  or  literature,  but  hardly  a  book 
that  boys  and  girls  will  read  for  themselves. 

Clinton  Scollard's  "Boy's  book  of  rhyme" 
[Copeland.  $i]  shows  the  influence  of  Steven- 
son. Once  in  awhile  he  understands  workings 
of  a  child's  mind,  as  in 

"  I  heard  the  poor  wind  whine  and  moan 
Like  Carlo  when  he's  left  alone," 

but  no  child  would  say 

"  High  above  the  fleecy  plain 
The  red  sun  sprang  and  shook  his  mane." 

A  country  boy,  however,   who  rarely  goes  to 
the  city,  would  think  that 

"  Every  window  seems  like  cake 
The  busy  city  bakers  make." 

Molly  Elliot  Seawell's  "Virginia  cavalier" 
[Harper.  $1.50]  is  the  story  of  Washington's 
boyhood  and  youth,  dressed  up  a  little  with 
local  color. 

Stoddard's  "  Swordmaker's  son"  [Century. 
$1.50],  that  has  appeared  in  the  St.  Nicholas,  is 
a  story  of  the  time  of  Christ,  useful  for  reading 
with  Sunday-school  lessons  rather  than  for 
readers  of  stories  in  public  libraries.  His 
"Windfall"  [Appleton.  $1.50]  is  one  of  his 
sensible  every-day  stories. 

Ruth  McEnery  Stuart's  "Solomon  Crow's 
Christmas  pockets"  [Harper.  $1.25]  is  an- 
other of  the  books  that  are  more  about  children 
than  for  them.  Her  dialect  sketches  are  good, 
but  she  has  not  the  right  touch  for  children's 
stories. 

Lily    Wesselhoeft's    "Jerry   the    blunderer" 


196 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\April,  '97 


[Roberts.  $1.50],  a  book  of  cat-and-dog  life  and 
friendships,  has  a  suggestion  of  Agnes  Rep- 
plier's  "Little  pharisees,"  in  the  kitten  who  re- 
forms his  mother  after  she  has  become  addicted 
to  the  catnip  habit. 

Eliza  Orne  White's  "  Little  girl  of  long  ago" 
[Houghton.  $i]  is  a  book  which  deserves 
nothing  but  praise;  a  simple,  sweet,  and  whole- 
some picture  of  child-life  50  or  60  years  ago. 

Mabel  Osgood  Wright's  "  Tommy- Anne  and 
the  three  hearts"  [Macmillan.  $1.50]  is  a  fan- 
ciful bird-and-beast  story;  but  all  recent  tales  of 
this  kind  suffer  by  comparison  with  the  "Jungle 
book." 

Half  a  dozen  books  have  been  either  omitted 
or  put  under  other  classes  which  are  worth  put- 
ting on  the  children's  shelves  in  libraries.  Two 
of  them  are  Earle's  "  Wonderful  wheel  "  [Cen- 
tury. $1.25],  a  story  of  a  potter  and  his  little  girl 
among  the  Louisiana  Creoles,  and  Jacobs's  illus- 
trated ("Cranford")  edition  of  "The  delecta- 
ble history  of  Reynard  the  fox"  [Macmillan.  $2]. 

King's  "Trumpeter  Fred  "  [Neely.  75  c.j  is 
a  story  of  soldiers  and  Indians,  about  whom 
Captain  King  knows  a  great  deal  more  than  he 
does  about  the  amount  of  work  that  a  librari- 
an's typewriter  can  do  in  a  day,  as  shown  in  his 
"  Tame  surrender." 

Sir  Clements  Markham's  "  Paladins  of  Edwin 
the  Great"  [Macmillan.  $1.50]  is  useful  for 
boys  and  girls  who  are  studying  English  history. 

Charles  D.  G.  Roberts's  "Around,  the  camp- 
fire  "  [Crowell.  $1.50]  is  a  book  of  good  stories 
of  out-of-door  life,  and  E.  W.  Thomson's 
"  Walter  Gibbs,  the  young  boss "  [Crowell. 
$1.25],  a  book  which  may  have  been  passed 
over  because  of  its  unpromising  title,  has  for 
the  hero  of  the  title-story  a  boy  of  18  who  takes 
his  father's  place  for  awhile  and  shows  sound 
judgment  and  manliness  not  at  all  out  of  keep- 
ing with  his  years.  CAROLINE  M.  HEWINS. 


THE  BEST  50  BOOKS  OF  1896  FOR  A 
VILLAGE  LIBRARY. 

A  LIST  of  489  of  the  leading  books  of  1896  was 
recently  submitted  by  the  Public  Libraries  divi- 
sion of  the  New  York  State  Library  to  the  libra- 
rians of  New  York  and  other  states,  to  obtain 
an  expression  of  opinion  respecting  the  best  50 
books  of  1896  to  be  added  to  a  village  library. 

From  200  lists  that  met  the  conditions  the  fol- 
lowing choice  is  indicated  : 

RANK.  VOTES. 

1.  Barrie,    J.   M.     Sentimental   Tommy. 

Scribner.    $1.50 

2.  Ward,    Mrs.    Humphry.     Sir  George 

Tressady.    2  v.   Macmillan.   $2 

3.  Parker,  Gilbert.     Seats  of  the  mighty. 

Appleton.     $1.50 

4.  Morse,  J:  T.,/r.     Life  and  letters  of 

Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  2v.  Hough- 
ton.     $7 

5.  Smith,  F.  H.     Tom  Grogan.     Hough- 

ton.    $1.50 

6.  Skinner,  C:  M.    Myths  and  legends  of 

our  own  land.    2  v.    Lippincott.   $3. 

7.  Barrie,   J.    M.      Margaret    Ogilvy. 

Scribner.    $1.25          .   ,.     .         .         . 


162 
126 


116 


108 


107 


8.  Kipling,  Rudyard.     Seven  seas.     Ap- 

pleton.    $1.50    .....     104 

9.  Krehbiel,  H:  E.    How  to  listen  to  mu- 

sic.    Scribner.    $1.25         .         .         .     101 
9.  *  Wiggin,   Mrs.   K.   D.      Marm  Lisa. 

Houghton.      $i  .     101 

11.  Eggleston,   Edward.     Beginners  of  a 

nation.     Appleton.     $1.50          .        .       99 

12.  Shaler,    N.    S.     American   highways. 

Century.    $1.50          .  .         .98 

13.  Brooks,  E.  S.      Century  book  of  fa- 

mous Americans-     Century.     $1.50.       95 

14.  Andrews,  E.  B:     History  of  the  last 

quarter-century  in  the  U.  S.,  1870- 
1895.     2  v.     Scribner.     $6        .         .       89 

15.  Lang.      Animal   story-book.      Long- 

mans.     $2 88 

16.  Watson,  John.    Kate  Carnegie.   Dodd. 

$1.50    " 87 

17.  Beard,  D.  C.     Outdoor  games  for  all 

seasons.     Scribner.    $2.50        .         .       82 
17.  Jewett,  S.  O.     Country  of  the  pointed 

firs.     Houghton.     $1.25    ...       82 

19.  Stimson,  F.  J.     King  Noanett.     Lam- 

son.     $2 81 

20.  Saintsbury,  George.    History  of  igth 

century  literature,  1780-1895.    Mac- 
millan.    $1.50  .....       79 
20.  Clemens,  S:  L.    Personal  recollections 

of  Joan  of  Arc.    Harper.   $2.50        .       79 

22.  Gras,  Felix.     Reds  of  the  Midi.    Ap- 

pleton.   $i 77 

23.  Stevenson,  R.  L:    Weir  of  Hermiston. 

Scribner.    $1.50 75 

24.  Field,  Eugene.   Songs  and  other  verse. 

Scribner.     $1.25         .        .        .        .       74 

25.  Stockton,  F.  R:     Mrs.    Cliff's    yacht. 

Scribner.    $1.50         .        .        .        .       73 

26.  Perry,  Nora.     Three  little  daughters 

of  the  Revolution.    Houghton.     75c.       70 

27.  Walker,  F.  A.    International  bimetal- 

lism.    Holt.     $1.25   ....       68 

28.  Dana,  Mrs.  F.  T.      Plants  and  their 

children.     Am.  Bk.  Co.     &5c.  .       67 

28.  Harper's  dictionary  of  classical  litera- 
ture and  antiquities.     Harper.     $6.       67 
28.  Stevenson,  R.  L:     In  the  south  seas. 

Scribner.    $1.50          .         .         .         .67 
28.  White,  A.  D.     History  of  the  warfare 
of  science  with  theology  in  Christen- 
dom.    2  v.     Appleton.     $5  .67 

32.  Abbott,  Lyman.     Christianity  and  so- 

cial  problems.      Houghton.     $1.25.       66 

33.  Lowell,  F.  C.     Joan  of  Arc.     Hough- 

ton.     $2 65 

34.  Earle,  Mrs.  A.  M.     Colonial  days  in 

old  New  York.     Scribner.     $1.25     .       64 
34.  Wilson,  Woodrow.    George  Washing- 
ton.    Harper.     $3     .         .         .         .64 

36.  Davis,  R:  H.     Three  gringos  in  Vene- 

zuela and  Central  America.    Harper. 
$1.50 

37.  Rolfe,  W:  J.     Shakespeare   the  boy. 

Harper.      $1.25          ....       62 

38.  Watson,  John.     Mind  of  the  master. 

Dodd.     $1.50 61 


*  When  two  or  more  books  received  the  same  number  of 
votes  the  same  rank  number  is  given  to  both  or  each. 


April,  97] 


197 


RANK.  VOTES. 

39.  Spencer,  Herbert.  The  principles  of 
sociology,  v.  3.  (Synthetic  philoso- 
phy, v.  8.)  Appleton.  $2  .60 

39.  Hearn,  Lafcadio.  Kokoro.  Hough- 
ton.  $1.25 60 

41.  Bourinot,  J:  G:  Story  of  Canada. 

Putnam.  $1.50  .  .  .  .  59 

41.  Mabie,  H.  W.  Books  and  culture. 

Dodd.  $1.25 59 

41.  White,  E.  O.  Little  girl  of  long  ago. 

Houghton.  $i 59 

44.  Ford,  P.  L.      True  George  Washing- 

ton.    Lippincott.     $2         ...       58 

45.  Martin,   E:  A.     Story   of  a   piece   of 

coal.     Appleton.     4oc.      .         .         .  *    56 
45.  Godkin,  E.  L.     Problems  of  modern 

democracy.     Scribner.        $2     .         .56 

47.  Crockett,  S:  R.    Sweetheart  travellers. 

Stokes.     $1.50 55 

48.  Bigelow,    Poultney.     History   of    the 

German  struggle  for  liberty.  2  v. 
Harper;  $5 54 

48.  Follett,  M.  P.  The  speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Long- 
mans. $1.75 54 

50.  Henty,  G.  A.  At  Agincourt.  Scrib- 
ner. $1.50 53 

Roughly  classified,  the  list  includes  12  novels 
—  rather  less  than  a  fourth  of  the  whole  selec- 
tion, seven  juvenile  books,  five  biographies, 
four  works  each  in  the  divisions  of  description 
and  travel,  social  science,  and  poetry  and  litera- 
ture, three  books  in  American  history,  three  in 
religion,  two  in  natural  science,  and  six  in  mis- 
cellaneous divisions. 


LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE  SESSION  OF 
THE  N.  E.  A. 

THE  meeting  of  the  Department  of  Superin- 
tendence of  the  N.  E.  A.  at  Indianapolis  on 
Feb.  16-18  was  a  notable  gathering.  Even  a 
casual  observer  could  not  fail  to  be  impressed 
with  the  intelligence,  address,  and  earnestness 
of  the  delegates;  and  attendance  upon  a  single 
session  was  enough  to  give  assurance  that  the 
educational  interests  of  the  country  are  in 
good  hands. 

Through  some  combination  of  unfortunate 
circumstances,  for  which  nobody  apparently  was 
to  blame,  the  Library  Round  Table  did  not  re- 
ceive the  attention  it  would  otherwise  have  had. 
It  doubtless  would  have  been  better  managed  if 
Mr.  Dewey  could  have  been  there  to  look  after 
it.  He  was  kept  at  Albany  by  imperative  de- 
mands of  the  legislature,  and  at  the  last  mo- 
ment telegraphed  Mr.  F.  M.  Crunden  to  act  in 
his  stead  as  leader  of  the  discussion.  Mr.  J.  H. 
Van  Sickle,  of  Denver,  presided.  Owing  to 
uncertainty  as  to  the  hall  (one  of  the  speakers 
was  directed  to  four  places  before  he  found  the 
right  one)  and  the  great  attractiveness  of  a 
round  table  on  the  "three  R's,"  led  by  Dr. 
Rice,  there  was  a  small  attendance.  The  top- 
ics set  down  for  discussion  were: 

i.  The  reading  of  teachers  ;  2.  The  proper 
function  of  the  National  Library  as  a  part  of  the 


American  educational  system.  What  it  might 
do  to  assist  schools  and  libraries  throughout  the 
country;  3.  Practical  help  in  the  evolution  from 
book  borrowing  to  book  owning;  4.  The  func- 
tion of  schools  in  training  readers  for  the  public 
library;  5.  Using  books  vs.  reading  books,  by 
E.  A.  Winship,  Boston. 

In  introducing  the  first  topic  Mr.  Crunden 
said  that  one  of  the  greatest  desiderata  in  our 
public  schools  is  that  the  teachers  should  be 
readers.  The  most  beneficial  thing  to  a  pupil 
is  contact  with  a  live  teacher.  But  there  is  no 
life  without  growth.  A  teacher  cannot  impart 
life  to,  or  awaken  life  in,  his  pupils  unless  his 
own  mind  is  growing;  and  to  this  end  he  must 
be  a  reader  and  a  student  —  not  of  professional 
books  alone,  but  of  the  best  literature.  The 
great  point  is  that  the  teacher  should  be  a  well- 
read,  well-informed  man  or  woman,  growing 
intellectually  from  year  to  year.  As  Bishop 
Spalding  says:  "What  the  teacher  is,  not  what 
he  inculcates,  is  the  important  thing.  The  life 
he  lives,  and  above  all  what  in  his  inmost  soul 
he  hopes,  believes,  and  loves,  have  far  deeper 
and  more  potent  influence  than  mere  lessons 
can  ever  have."  In  the  preface  to  his  "  Special 
methods  in  reading,"  Dr.  C.  A.  McMurry, 
speaking  of  the  list  of  books  he  therein  recom- 
mends for  teachers,  says:  "  If  all  our  teachers 
in  the  common  schools  should  read  with 
thoughtful  appreciation  10  or  a  dozen  of  the 
best  books  in  this  series,  it  would  surely  im- 
prove the  teaching  in  all  our  schools  25  per 
cent."  Mr.  Crunden  added  that  it  would  also 
bring  to  teachers  the  greatest  pleasure  that  can 
come  into  their  lives.  This  pleasure  they  would 
gain  in  three  ways:  i,  through  their  own  intel- 
lectual clarification  and  spiritual  exaltation;  2, 
through  witnessing  the  delight  of  fresh  young 
minds  when  first  brought  into  the  realm  of  no- 
ble thoughts;  and  3,  through  the  lightened  bur- 
dens and  increased  success  of  their  professional 
work.  Teachers  should  read  widely  as  well  as 
deeply. 

In  the  course  of  the  discussion  of  the  first 
topic,  Mr.  F.  A.  Hutchins,  library  clerk  of  the 
office  of  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
of  Wisconsin,  said: 

"  Teachers  should  be  thoroughly  familiar 
with  the  great  children's  classics,  and  should 
enjoy  them  so  thoroughly  that  they  can  inspire 
a  love  for  these  classics  in  the  breasts  of  all 
their  pupils.  The  school  libraries  will  not  do 
their  best  work  until  we  have  a  generation  of 
teachers  who  have  been  reared  in  childhood  in 
homes  and  schools  where  the  best  books  are 
habitually  read.  The  teacher  who  has  done 
very  little  reading  can  well  afford  to  begin  with 
the  children's  classics  for  other  reasons  than  to 
be  better  able  to  help  her  pupils." 

Mr.  A.  F.  Foerste,  teacher  of  physics  in  the 
Steele  high  school,  Dayton,  Ohio,  spoke  on 
making  a  library  useful  to  high-school  pupils. 
He  said: 

"  In  some  of  the  larger  city  libraries  the 
books  on  the  various  sciences,  whether  in  the 
line  of  natural  history  or  of  physics,  chemistry, 
and  the  like,  are  too  exclusively  of  service  to 
the  very  few,  to  the  specialists  or  those  having 


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[April,  '97 


had  higher  courses  of  training.  Too  great  em- 
phasis can  not  be  laid  upon  the  fact  that  these 
libraries  are  mainly  for  the  general  public,  and 
that  the  most  careful  selection  should  be  made 
of  such  books  as  would  be  of  value  to  those 
who  have  not  had  previous  training." 

Following  out  the  line  of  thought  with  which 
the  discussion  started,  a  superintendent  present 
condemned  a  strictly  professional  course  of 
reading  for  teachers.  Teachers,  he  said,  should 
read  the  same  books  as  other  cultivated  people. 
He  believed  general  culture  was  of  more  value 
than  professional  training. 

To  accommodate  Dr.  Winship,  who  wanted 
to  attend  another  meeting,  the  last  topic  was 
next  taken  up.  Dr.  Winship  spoke  for  half  an 
hour  in  fervid  appeal  to  teachers  to  own  books, 
to  come  into  intimate  association  with  them. 
He  said  there  should  be  the  closest  co-operation 
between  teachers  and  librarians,  and  indulged 
in  some  reflections  on  the  aloofness  and  lofti- 
ness of  librarians,  which  caused  the  librarians 
present  to  exchange  smiles  of  amusement. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Ahern  replied  briefly  to  this 
charge  by  telling  Dr.  Winship  that  he  had 
evidently  never  attended  a  meeting  of  the  A.  L. 
A.,  or  observed  the  work  American  public 
libraries  are  doing  and  trying  to  do.  She  in- 
formed him  that,  so  far  from  preserving  a 
distant  attitude  towards  teachers,  librarians  had 
been  chasing  after  them  for  20  years  and  only 
lately  were  beginning  to  catch  them. 

Throughout  the  discussion  of  the  first  and 
fifth  topics  there  was  a  constant  tendency  to 
digress  to  the  fourth,  which  to  all  seemed  the 
most  important  and  interesting  subject;  and  as 
no  one  seemed  to  have  anything  to  say  on  the 
second  and  third,  the  fourth  topic  was  taken  up. 
In  introducing  this,  Mr.  Crunden  related  his 
experience  as  a  grammar-school  pupil  passing  in 
a  change  of  schools  from  the  old  to  the  new  idea, 
and  said  that  during  the  last  two  years  of  the 
old  regime  he  received  more  benefit  from  the  sur- 
reptitious reading  of  good  literature  than  he  did 
from  his  lessons.  When  he  changed  principals 
he  was  encouraged  to  read,  and  at  the  same 
time  and  for  that  reason  found  his  lessons  more 
interesting  and  valuable.  As  a  grammar-school 
principal,  he  had  found  that  those  teachers  who 
led  their  pupils  to  do  general  reading  made  the 
best  showing  at  text-book  examinations.  He 
quoted  from  Sir  John  Lubbock  to  the  effect  that 
the  chief  thing  was  "that  every  boy  and  girl 
should  wish  to  learn,"  and  from  Dr.  Harris's 
Fabyan  paper:  "The  school  is  set  at  the  task 
of  teaching  the  pupil  how  to  use  the  library  in 
the  best  manner.  That,  I  take  it,  is  the  central 
object  towards  which  our  American  methods 
have  been  unconsciously  guided."  And  in  con- 
clusion he  read  a  number  of  pertinent  extracts 
from  C.  D.  Warner's  "Relation  of  literature  to 
life." 

Superintendent  Van  Sickle,  in  response  to  a 
request,  gave  a  brief  account  of  the  co-opera- 
tive work  done  by  the  schools  and  libraries  of 
Denver. 

Remarks  were  made  by  a  number  of  others, 
and  before  interest  had  begun  to  flag  the  lateness 
of  the  hour  compelled  adjournment. 


LIBRARY  SECTION  OF  THE    ILLINOIS 

TEACHERS'  ASSOCIATION. 
THE  formation  of  a  Library  Section  was 
authorized  by  the  Illinois  State  Teachers'  Asso- 
ciation at  its  annual  meeting  at  Springfield  dur- 
ing the  holidays  of  1896.  In  accordance  with 
the  authority  given,  a  meeting  for  organization 
was  held  in  the  rooms  of  the  Library  Bureau, 
Chicago,  on  Jan.  23,  1897.  Mr.  James  H.  Nor- 
ton, of  Chicago,  was  made  chairman,  and  Miss 
M.  E.  Ahern,  of  the  Library  Bureau,  secretary. 
A  full  discussion  of  the  objects  and  possibilities 
of  the  section  resulted  in  the  determination  to 
make  the  section  an  association  of  teachers, 
members  of  the  Illinois  Teachers'  Association, 
and  to  invite  the  co-operation  of  individual  li- 
brarians and  the  Illinois  Library  Association  in 
the  work  of  securing  better  libraries  for  schools 
and  more  intimate  relations  between  schools 
and  libraries.  The  following  officers  were 
elected:  President,  James  H.  Norton,  Chicago; 
Vice-president,  O.  F.  Barbour,  Rockford;  Sec- 
retary, Wm.  W.  Bishop,  Evanston;  Executive 
committee,  Katharine  L.  Sharp,  Chicago,  Dr. 
A.  F.  Nightingale,  Chicago,  and  John  T.  Ray, 
Chicago. 


"EVALUATION"   OF  BOOKS  FOR  CHIL- 
DREN. 

A  PROMISING  plan  recently  set  afoot  in  the 
Dayton  Public  Library  is  the  system  adopted 
for  utilizing  the  reading  of  teachers,  the  library 
staff,  and  others  interested,  for  the  "evalua- 
tion "  of  books  for  the  children.  It  was  one  of 
the  outgrowths  of  the  local  teachers'  library 
conferences  held  last  year,  and  is  being  use- 
fully and  widely  developed.  The  following 
printed  reading  slip,  of  the  usual  L.  B.  standard 
size,  is  given  to  the  person  who  acts  as 
"  evaluator,"  and  on  it  is  noted  the  information 
desired  : 

READING   SLIP   FOR   PERSONS  WHO  EVALUE   BOOKS 
FOR   SCHOOL   LIBRARY. 

Author 

Title 

Date Reader 

Suitable  for  boy? girl?.... Age...  Grade.... 

Subject 

Locality Period 

Information 

Language  Illustrations 

Moral  tendency 

Comment 

The  way  in  which  the  system  works  is  illus- 
trated by  this  completed  reading  slip  on  Miss 
Seawell's  "  Paul  Jones"  : 

Author.     Molly  Elliot  Seawell. 

Title.     Paul  Jones. 

Date.     2  Ja.  '97.  Reader.     B. 

Sex.     both.  Grade.     6-8. 

Moral  tendency,     excellent. 

Language,    pure. 

Material,     history   and   biography    related  in   a 

story-telling  -way. 

Correctness  of  information,     exact. 
Illustrated,    yes. 

Comments,     general  appearance  —  very  pit  asitig  ; 
it  would  create  an  interest  in  reading  his- 


April,  '97] 


199 


tory  and  the  greatest  admiration  for  those 
who  had  served  their  country  ;  gives  good 
idea  of  hardships  in  early  years,  and  life  in 
the  navy. 

These  slips,  it  will  be  seen,  may  be  filed  away 
to  serve  the  librarian  as  an  "evaluated"  card 
catalog  of  school  literature,  but  the  plan  is  capa- 
ble of  wide  extension  into  other  branches  of 
reading,  the  giving  of  special  subjects  to  special 
authorities,  and,  indeed,  a  partial  attainment  of 
comprehensive  "evaluation"  of  library  books. 


A    CHILDREN'S    BOOK   MARK. 

THE  following  capital  book  mark  is  used  by 
the  libraries  of  Milwaukee,  Cleveland,  Dayton, 
and  other  cities,  and  the  attractively  disguised 
preachment  that  it  addresses  to  the  children 
has  proved  decidedly  effective: 


Dayton  Pile  Ulan. 


BOOK 


"  Once  on  a  time  "  a  Library  Book  was  over- 
heard talking  to  a  little  boy  who  had  just  bor- 
rowed it.  The  words  seemed  worth  recording, 
and  here  they  are : 

"  Please  don't  handle  me  with  dirty  hands.  I 
should  feel  ashamed  to  be  seen  when  the  next 
little  boy  borrowed  me. 

"  Or  leave  me  out  in  the  rain.  Books  can  catch 
cold  as  well  as  children. 

"  Or  make  marks  on  me  with  your  pen  or  pen- 
cil. It  would  spoil  my  looks. 

"  Or  lean  on  me  with  your  elbows  when  you 
are  reading  me.  It  hurts. 

"Or  open  me  and  lay  me  face  down  on  the 
table.  You  wouldn't  like  to  be  treated  so. 

"  Or  put  between  my  leaves  a  pencil  or  any- 
thing thicker  than  a  single  sheet  of  thin  paper. 
It  would  strain  my  back. 

"  Whenever  you  are  through  reading  me,  if  you 
are  afraid  of  losing  your  place,  don't  turn  down 
the  corner  of  one  of  my  leaves,  but  have  a  neat 
little  Book  Mark  to  put  in  where  you  stop,  and 
then  close  me  and  lay  me  down  on  my  side  so 
that  I  can  have  a  good,  comfortable  rest. 

"  Remember  that  I  want  to  visit  a  great  many 
other  little  boys  after  you  are  through  with  me. 
Besides,  I  may  meet  you  again  some  day,  and 
you  would  be  sorry  to  see  me  looking  old  and 
torn  and  soiled.  Help  me  to  keep  fresh  and  clean, 
and  I  will  help  you  to  be  happy." 


READING  ALOUD.  ' 

THE  common  habit  of  reading  words  without 
any  comprehension  of  the  meaning  underlying 
is  a  decided  hindrance  to  the  development  of 
literary  taste.  Paragraph  after  paragraph  is 
mastered  in  the  reading-class  as  far  as  inflec- 
tion is  concerned,  and  the  pupils  are  promoted 
from  one  grade  to  another  without  any  concep- 
tion of  thought  or  feeling.  The  enjoyment  the 
child  has  in  reading  depends  upon  the  concep- 
tion of  the  scene  portrayed.  The  first  and  most 
essential  requirement  is  the  cultivation  of  the 
imagination.  When  the  child  imagines  the 
scene  described  and  feeling  is  aroused  thereby, 
all  measured  tones  will  depart,  pauses  and  in- 
flections will  care  for  themselves.  If  mental 
pictures  are  formed  in  the  mind  of  the  child,  he 
will  acquire  from  kindergarten  to  high  school  a 
love  and  a  comprehension  for  literary  art.  The 
work  of  the  educator  will  not  then  be  for  purely 
intellectual  results. 

MARTHA  VAN  RENSSELAER. 


MISS    SHARP'S     LECTURES    IN     CLEVE- 
LAND. 

WHEN  the  University  of  Chicago  announced 
its  intention  of  including  in  its  university  ex- 
tension series,  courses  of  lectures  on  library 
topics,  a  class  was  organized  in  the  Cleveland 
Public  Library  and  arrangements  were  made 
with  the  university  for  a  course  of  lectures  to 
be  given  by  Miss  Katherine  L.  Sharp,  the  li- 
brarian and  director  of  the  Armour  Institute 
Library  School. 

The  lectures  were  given  from  Dec.  10  to  24 
inclusive,  and  the  class  numbered  39,  including 
almost  the  entire  staff  of  the  library.  In  addi- 
tion to  members  of  class,  nine  pages,  not  en- 
rolled, had  the  benefit  of  a  portion  of  the  lect- 
ures, and  several  visitors,  either  from  other 
libraries  or  in  some  way  interested  in  library 
work,  listened  to  occasional  lectures. 

Each  lecture  was  two  hours  in  length,  and  as 
the  class  was  necessarily  divided  into  two  sec- 
tions, the  lecture  given  to  the  first  section  in 
the  morning  was  repeated  to  the  second  section 
in  the  afternoon,  doubling  the  work  of  the  lect- 
urer. No  attempt  was  made  by  Miss  Sharp  to 
give  a  complete  course  in  library  economy  or 
to  cover  in  two  weeks  the  field  for  which  the 
two  years  of  the  training  course  are  scarcely 
sufficient,  but  the  lectures  were  nevertheless 
eminently  practical. 

Beginning  with  a  discussion  of  publications 
on  library  economy  she  followed  with  an  ac- 
count of  the  organized  schools  and  classes  for 
library  instruction  and  the  associations  for  pro- 
moting library  interests,  and  travelling  libra- 
ries. 

The  lecturer  then  considered  the  work  of  the 
circulating  and  of  the  reference  departments  of 
the  library  and  devoted  three  lectures  to  a  dis- 
cussion of  encyclopaedias,  dictionaries,  and  other 
important  reference-books.  This  was  followed 
by  an  account  of  the  various  systems  of  classi- 
fication. The  ii  lecture  upon  the  library 
service  discussed  the  various  positions  and 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


showed  how  in  the  organization  of  a  library  its 
effectiveness  depends  upon  the  thoroughness 
with  which  each  part  of  the  work  is  done,  with 
the  resulting  lesson  strongly  enforced  that  even 
the  humblest  and  least  interesting  work  in  the 
library  is  worth  doing  in  the  best  possible  way 
as  contributing  to  the  desired  result,  the  useful- 
ness of  the  library. 

The  hours  of  the  twelfth  and  last  day  were  de- 
voted to  answering  the  questions  which  had 
accumulated  in  the  question-box. 

The  net  result  of  the  lectures  to  the  members  of 
the  class  was,  first,  an  accumulation  of  informa- 
tion and  suggestion  helpful  in  the  work  which 
each  one  has  in  hand  and  moreover  a  broader 
view  of  the  work  of  the  library  as  a  whole  and 
a  clear  idea  of  the  relations  of  each  department 
to  the  others.  But  beyond  this  and  of  greater 
importance,  the  lectures  have  left  with  each 
one  who  listened  to  them  an  enhanced  appre- 
ciation of  the  value  of  library  work  and  an  in- 
creased enthusiasm  for  it. 


THE  HOBOKEN  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

THE  new  building  of  the  Hoboken  (N.  J.) 
Free  Public  Library  was  formally  opened  on 
the  evening  of  April  5.  The  simple  exercises 
were  held  in  the  main  hall  on  the  third  floor 
and  were  largely  attended. 

The  building  was  largely  the  gift  to  Hoboken 
of  the  Stevens  family,  who  on  March  22,  1895, 
offered  to  give  $26,000  toward  a  library  build- 
ing on  condition  that  the  remainder  of  the  fund 
be  raised  by  the  city,  and  that  the  building 
should  also  give  accommodation  to  the  indus- 
trial education  department  of  the  city.  The 
offer  was  at  once  accepted,  a  site  was  purchased, 
and  plans  for  a  $50,000  building  were  accepted 
in  August,  1895.  The  total  cost  of  the  struct- 
ure, including  furnishing,  is  estimated  at  about 
$62,000.  The  building  is  three-storied,  with  a 
basement  cellar,  and  is  built  of  Indiana  lime- 
stone and  pressed  brick,  with  terra-cotta  finish- 
ing. It  will  be  devoted  to  two  purposes,  part 
being  used  for  the  free  library  and  part  for 
the  manual  training-school,  the  latter  occupy- 
ing half  the  second  floor  and  the  entire  third 
floor.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  delivery-room, 
the  women's  reading-room,  the  reference-room, 
librarian's  office,  and  cataloging-room ;  the  sec- 
ond floor  contains  a  reading-room  and  the 
two-storied  stack-room,  with  a  book  capacity  of 
100,000  v.  The  basement  contains  the  heating 
apparatus,  a  library  workshop,  a  trustees'-room, 
and  storage  facilities. 


THE   SECOND    BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  CON- 
FERENCE AT  BRUSSELS. 

THE  Institut  International  de  Bibliographic 
of  Brussels  will  hold  its  second  annual  con- 
ference on  June  27,  1897.  Members  of  the  A. 
L.  A.  are  cordially  invited  to  participate  in  the 
conference,  which,  it  will  be  noted,  takes  place 
a  few  weeks  earlier  than  the  international  con- 
ference at  London. 


OPENING    OF    THE   JOHN    CRERAR 
LIBRARY. 

THE  John  Crerar  Library  was  opened  to  the 
public  in  its  temporary  quarters  on  the  sixth 
floor  of  the  Marshall  Field  building,  87  Wabash 
avenue,  Chicago,  on  the  morning  of  April  i. 
There  were  no  exercises,  the  only  ceremonial 
being  the  removing  of  the  veil  from  the  brass 
tablet  bearing  the  founder's  name,  above  the 
entrance  to  the  library,  in  the  presence  of  the 
invited  guests.  The  library  was  visited  by 
several  hundred  persons,  who  were  shown 
through  the  rooms  by  Mr.  Andrews  and  Mr. 
Hopkins.  From  April  1-3  the  library  was 
open  for  inspection  only  from  9  a.m.  to  6  p.m., 
and  on  Monday,  April  5,  routine  work  was  be- 
gun, the  regular  library  hours  being  from 
9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  At  the  time  of  opening  there 
were  about  15,000  v.  ready  for  use,  and  about 
7000  more  in  preparation;  the  work  of  selecting, 
buying,  and  cataloging  is  proceeding  rapidly 
and  systematically,  and  it  is  thought  that  by 
the  end  of  1898  the  library  will  have  about  40,- 
ooo  v.  There  are  800  periodicals  in  the  read- 
ing-room, and  400  others  are  soon  to  be  added. 
The  library,  as  is  generally  known,  will  devote 
itself  to  the  special  literature  of  the  natural, 
the  physical,  and  the  social  sciences,  with  their 
applications. 


LIBRARIES  AND  CLUBS. 

AT  the  library  institute  conducted  by  the  In- 
diana Library  Association,  Dec.  29-31,  1896,  the 
subject  of  the  mutual  benefit  to  be  derived  from 
the  co-operation  of  libraries  and  clubs  was 
presented  by  Miss  Merica  Hoagland,  president 
of  the  Indiana  Union  of  Literary  Clubs.  She 
said  in  part: 

Libraries,  though  greatly  aided  by  the  clubs, 
are  not  as  dependent  upon  them  as  are  the 
clubs  upon  libraries.  You  have  all  probably 
observed  that  in  a  communiiy  where  no  public 
library  exists  the  acquisition  of  private  li- 
braries becomes  a  necessity  to  club  members. 
Books  are,  however,  a  cumbersome  property, 
and  after  two  or  three  years'  study,  club  mem- 
bers, beginning  to  question  the  advisability  of 
being  possessed  of  so  many  books,  wonder  why 
their  town  or  city  has  not  a  public  library  to 
supply  such  books.  Then,  again,  club  mem- 
bers, brought  into  an  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  best  books,  realize  more  fully  than 
ever  before  the  deprivation  which  the  lack  of  a 
good  library  entails  upon  a  community  which 
suffers  not  only  a  great  loss  of  general  culture 
but  a  substantial  loss  in  its  undeveloped  men 
and  women  of  genius. 

There  are  23  state  federations  included  in  the 
General  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs,  and 
though  this  represents  probably  one-half  mill- 
ion of  women,  it  does  not  by  any  means 
give  a  true  idea  of  club  membership,  since 
many  states,  like  Indiana,  possessed  of  mixed 
clubs,  are  ineligible  to  the  Federation.  I  men- 
tion these  facts  that  we  may  realize  how,  in 
the  matter  of  creating  public  opinion,  or  more 
properly  speaking,  public  thought,  clubs  may 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


201 


become  most  potent  forces  in  our  civiliza- 
tion. 

100,  200,  or  300  club  members  with  a  pub- 
lic library  in  mind,  can  so  mould  public  opinion 
that  in  a  very  few  years  there  will  have  been 
created  a  public  sentiment  which  will  so  prompt 
and  prod  derelict  officials  that  they  are  forced 
to  legislate  in  favor  of  such  a  library,  which, 
having  been  once  established,  must  still  be 
maintained  and  fostered  by  a  healthy  public 
opinion,  and  so  the  clubs  may  become  of  most 
vital  importance  to  the  life  of  the  library. 

It  is  not  how  many  volumes  a  library  con- 
tains that  determines  its  usefulness  in  a  com- 
munity. Better  a  smaller  number  of  books 
made  available  and  accessible  to  their  readers 
than  a  library  prison  where  books  are  incar- 
cerated without  any  regard  for  their  service  to 
the  public.  "  There  is,"  as  Emerson  says,  "  a 
selection  in  writers,  and  then  a  selection  from 
the  selection." 

In  this  matter  of  making  available  the  con- 
tents of  a  library  by  carefully-written  book 
notices  of  the  latest  library  acquisitions,  to  ap- 
pear from  time  to  time  in  the  daily  papers, 
club  members  can,  if  they  will,  make  them- 
selves very  useful.  Of  course  I  would  not 
advise  dozens  of  club  members  besieging  a 
library  and  driving  distracted  its  already  busy 
librarian,  in  an  effort  to  write  out  such  book 
notices,  but  a  committee  appointed  for  a  given 
time  by  the  clubs  which  would  consult  the  con- 
venience of  a  librarian  in  writing  up  the  late 
important  books  at  stated  periods  could  render 
valuable  assistance  in  this  way. 

If  the  musical  clubs  would  give  occasional 
musicales  in"  the  library  assembly-rooms  with 
brief  papers  or  talks  upon  music,  biographies 
of  musicians,  etc.,  and  would  at  the  same  time 
give  the  references  pertaining  to  the  program 
which  the  library  contains,  it  would  be  produc- 
tive of  much  good. 

Current  topic,  magazine,  and  book  circle 
clubs  might  be  formed,  the  leader  selecting  lists 
of  newspaper  and  magazine  articles  bearing  on 
the  events  of  the  day.  In  the  book  circle,  dis- 
cussions of  books  similar  to  the  one  of  the  last 
A.  L.  A.  conference  would  render  one  familiar 
with  the  various  opinions  as  to  new  books. 

The  seed-planting  season  in  many  of  our 
clubs  has  long  since  passed,  and  it  is  for  us  to 
look  for  some  definite  results  in  the  improve- 
ment of  conditions  surrounding  us,  because  of 
club  culture.  A  club  that  lives  only  to  itself, 
without  regard  for  the  advancement  of  those 
around  it,  contains  the  elements  which  will 
ultimately  lead  to  its  destruction. 

The  combined  action  of  the  clubs  of  Indiana 
is  necessary  to  bring  about  the  enactment  of 
improved  library  laws,  which  shall  make  li- 
braries accessible  to  the  whole  people  of  the 
state.  At  the  last  meeting  of  the  Indiana 
Union  of  Literary  Clubs  there  was  a  strong  in- 
terest manifested  in  the  subject.  A  committee 
from  the  union  has  been  appointed,  whose  duty 
it  shall  be  to  keep  in  touch  with  library  legis- 
lation, and  to  so  interest  the  clubs  in  such 
legislation  that  the  best  possible  results  will  be 
obtained. 


American  Cibrarg  Association. 


President:  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
Cleveland,  O. 

Secretary:  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Columbus, 
O. 

Treasurer:  C:  K.  Bolton,  Public  Library, 
Brookline,  Mass. 

ACTION  ON  THE  TARIFF  BILL. 

THE  American  Library  Association  on  March 
2  entered  prompt  and  official  protest,  through 
its  president  and  secretary,  against  the  original 
draft  of  the  new  tariff  bill,  removing  books,  etc., 
imported  for  libraries,  from  the  free  list,  in  the 
following  communication  addressed  to  Mr.  Ding- 
ley  : 

"  Hon.  Nelson  Dingley, 

Chairman  Com.  of  Ways  and  Means, 

House  of  Representatives, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

"  On  behalf  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion, numbering  more  than  700,  and  represent- 
ing most  of  the  important  libraries  in  the  coun- 
try, we  would  call  attention  to  the  clause  of  the 
proposed  tariff  bill  which  imposes  a  duty  upon 
books  imported  for  the  use  of  libraries,  and 
would  urge  that  the  bill  be  so  amended  as  to 
place  upon  the  free  list  books  imported  for  the 
use  of  all  libraries  organized  to  do  a  public  edu- 
cational work. 

"We  ask  attention  to  the  following  consid- 
erations : 

"  First. — The  imposition  of  such  a  duty  will 
seriously  embarrass  libraries  in  their  work,  be- 
cause their  incomes  are  usually  fixed  and  cannot 
be  increased,  and  every  dollar  thus  diverted  to 
the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  will  by  so 
much  diminish  the  funds  available  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books. 

"As  applied  to  college  and  other  endowed 
libraries  it  is  a  tax  upon  institutions  which  are 
not  only  educational,  but  to  an  extent  charitable, 
as  with  scarcely  any  exception  they  depend  upon 
endowments  for  some  portion  of  their  support, 
and  many  of  them  are  almost  entirely  supported 
in  this  way. 

"As  applied  to  public  libraries,  the  United 
States  government  is  virtually  taxing  the  city 
which  endeavors  to  broadly  educate  its  citizens, 
and  exempting  the  city  that  does  not. 

"Second.  —  The  sum  raised  thereby,  although 
large  enough  to  seriously  cripple  the  educa- 
tional institutions  from  which  it  is  exacted, 
forms  so  trifling  an  item  in  the  entire  proceeds 
of  the  bill,  that  it  is  not  worthy  of  consider- 
ation. 

"Third.  —  It  does  not  afford  any  consider- 
able protection  to  American  industry,  as  the 
books  imported  by  libraries,  even  the  most 
popular  libraries,  are  almost  entirely  such 
as  cannot,  under  any  circumstances,  be  pro- 
duced in  this  country  —  consisting  in  the  main 
of  government  publications,  the  publications  of 
learned  societies,  and  those  more  important  and 
valuable  contributions  to  literature,  science, 
and  art  which  are  published  in  Europe  and  for 
which  the  demand  in  this  country  is  too  small 


202 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,   97 


to  induce  their  republication  by  an  American 
publisher. 

"  In  its  ultimate  results  it  is  likely  to  work 
to  the  detriment  of  American  publishing  inter- 
ests, as  those  libraries  whose  importations  con- 
sist largely  of  serials,  such  as  publications  of 
societies,  will  be  compelled  to  continue  them, 
and  the  additional  cost  due  to  the  tariff  will 
simply  by  so  much  diminish  the  funds  avail- 
able for  the  purchase  of  American  publica- 
tions. 

"  The  duty  upon  books  imported  for  the  use 
of  educational  institutions  is  a  duty  upon  the 
tools  of  education,  a  tax  upon  enlightenment 
which  cannot  be  defended,  either  as  a  measure 
for  revenue  or  for  protection. 

"  The  privilege  of  free  importation  of  books 
has  been  one  of  the  favoring  circumstances 
which  has  enabled  libraries  of  the  country  to 
increase  so  greatly  in  numbers,  in  volume,  and 
in  the  scope  and  value  of  their  work  during 
recent  years,  and  to  become  so  important  a 
factor  in  the  educational  equipment  of  our  coun- 
try. 

"  We  would,  therefore,  urge  that  this  foster- 
ing privilege  be  not  withdrawn,  that  the  other  li- 
braries of  the  country,  doing  as  they  are  the 
same  educational  work,  should  have  the  same 
advantage  which  is  granted  by  the  bill  to  the 
library  of  Congress  and  the  other  governmental 
libraries. 

"  Respectfully  submitted, 

"  WILLIAM  H.  BRETT, 
President  American  Library  Association. 

"RUTHERFORD  P.   HAYES, 
Secretary  American  Library  Association." 

Letters  were  also  sent  by  the  president  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  to  the  secretaries  of  all  state  associa- 
tions, urging  similar  protest,  and  on  Monday 
April  5,  an  informal  meeting  of  members  of  the 
American  Library  Association  was  held  in  con- 
nection with  the  joint  meeting  of  the  New  Jer- 
sey and  Pennsylvania  library  associations  in 
Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  to  consider  the  amendment 
to  the  bill.  Vice-President  Elmendorf  presided, 
and  a  count  taken  of  the  meeting  showed  34 
members  of  the  A.  L.  A.  present.  The  pur- 
pose of  the  meeting  was  briefly  stated  by  Sec- 
retary Hayes,  who  said  that  while  no  official 
action  of  the  association  was  possible  it  was 
desirable  that  the  members  present  should  fully 
discuss  the  subject  and  request  the  executive 
board  to  take  fitting  action  in  the  matter. 
The  A.  L.  A.  had  already  entered  protest 
against  the  first  draft  of  the  tariff  bill,  in  which 
no  provision  for  the  free  importation  of  books 
for  libraries  was  made,  and  it  was  now  neces- 
sary to  take  action  regarding  the  amendment 
to  the  bill,  which  did  not  satisfactorily  meet  the 
needs  of  libraries. 

Mr.  John  Thomson,  of  Philadelphia,  stated 
what  had  already  been  done  by  the  various 
library  associations  and  authorities  and  des- 
cribed the  gratifying  attitude  taken  generally  by 
the  press.  The  proposed  amendment  to  the 
tariff  bill,  providing  for  the  free  admission  of 
"scientific  apparatus,  books,"  etc.,  did  not,  he 
said,  in  any  way  cover  the  case  as  it  had  been 


covered  by  the  tariff  law  of  1890,  and  was  capa- 
ble of  different  and  unsatisfactory  interpreta- 
tions. He  moved  that  a  committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  prepare  an  amendment  that  would 
exactly  meet  the  view  of  the  library  and  other 
educational  interests  concerned,  and  that  that 
committee  be  deputed  to  present  the  matter  at 
Washington,  and  have  the  amendments  incor- 
porated in  the  bill  before  it  should  leave  the 
senate.  The  subject  was  discussed  by  Messrs. 
Montgomery,  Hill,  Billings,  Lemcke,  Dewey, 
Stechert,  Carr,  and  Cutter,  and  it  was  decided 
that  the  action  of  the  association  cover  the  in- 
terest of  libraries  only,  and  that  attention  be 
given  to  the  inclusion  of  photographs,  etchings, 
etc.,  intended  for  library  use,  in  the  free  list. 
On  substitute  motion  of  Mr.  Hill  the  matter 
was  referred  to  a  committee  of  five,  appointed 
by  the  chair,  to  adopt  fitting  recommendations 
and  present  them  at  the  close  of  the  evening 
session  of  the  two  associations.  The  following 
committee  was  named  :  Dr.  Billings,  Mr.  Dewey, 
Mr.  Lemcke,  Mr.  Carr,  Miss  Haines. 

At  the  evening  session  the  following  recom- 
mendations were  presented,  and  were  unani- 
mously adopted  by  the  members  present : 

"  Voted,  That  the  Executive  Board  of  the 
American  Library  Association  be  requested  to 
urge  upon  Congress,  in  the  name  of  the  asso- 
ciation and  in  behalf  of  the  librarians  of  the 
United  States  and  of  the  people  who  maintain 
and  use  those  libraries,  a  modification  of  the 
pending  tariff  bill  by  substituting  for  that  por- 
tion which  relates  to  the  importation  of  books, 
etc.,  free  of  duty,  the  provision  of  the  tariff 
law  of  1890,  so  worded  as  to  make  clear  its  ap- 
plication to  all  government  and  public  libraries, 
and  the  inclusion  of  engravings,  photographs, 
and  etchings  imported  for  their  use  and  not  for 
sale  or  distribution,  as  follows  : 

"  '  512.  Books,  engravings,  photographs,  bound  or  un- 
bound etchings,  maps,  and  charts,  which  shall  have  been 
printed  and  bound  or  manufactured  more  than  20  years  at 
the  date  of  importation. 

"'513.  Books  and  pamphlets  printed  exclusively  in 
languages  other  than  English  ;  also  books  and  music,  in 
raised  print,  used  exclusively  by  the  blind. 

" '  514.  Books,  engravings,  photographs,  etchings, 
bound  or  unbound,  maps  and  charts  imported  by  author- 
ity or  for  the  use  of  the  United  States  or  for  the  use  of  the 
library  of  Congress. 

'"515.  Books,  maps,  engra^lings,  photographs,  etch- 
ings, lithographic  prints,  and  charts  specially  imported, 
not  more  than  two  copies  in  any  one  invoice,  in  good 
faith,  for  the  use  of  any  society  incorporated  or  estab- 
lished for  educational,  philosophical,  literary  or  religious 
purposes,  or  for  the  encouragement  of  the  fine  arts,  or  for 
the  use  or  by  order  of  any  college,  academy,  school  or 
seminary  of  learning,  or  government  or  public  library  in 
the  United  States,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  the  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  shall  prescribe." 

"That  the  Executive  Board  be  asked  to  have 
this  recommendation  personally  presented  to  the 
Senate  Committee,  and  to  request  the  authori- 
ties of  all  public  libraries  to  take  official  action 
in  its  support." 

Similar  action  to  that  of  the  national  body 
has  been  taken  by  most  of  the  state  and  local 
library  associations  in  the  country  ;  individual 
libraries,  have,  through  their  librarians  and 
trustees,  entered  vigorous  protest,  and  most  of 
the  universities  and  colleges  have  been  prompt 
to  act  on  similar  lines. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


203 


POOLS  MEMORIAL. 

THE  committee  on  the  Poole  Memoiial  Fund 
have  in  hand  now  the  sum  of  $380.  The  min- 
imum required  is  $500,  and  it  is  desired  to  have 
the  bust  finished  before  the  next  conference. 
Will  all  those  who  wish  to  be  represented  in 
this  send  in  their  money  at  once  ?  Any  amount, 
however  small,  will  be  thankfully  received. 

DR.  G.   E.  WIRE,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 

1574  JUDSON  AVH.,  ) 

Evanston,  111.      f 

PROCEEDINGS. 

THE  edition  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association,  Cleveland  Conference, 
1896,  includes  1000  extra  copies  for  distribution 
among  persons  interested,  and  1000  copies  of  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Trustees'  Section,  for  distri- 
bution among  library  trustees.  Members  of  the 
association  are  requested  to  send  to  the  under- 
signed the  names  of  any  persons  to  whom 
copies  of  the  Proceedings  should  be  sent  ;  also 
names  of  trustees  or  others  who  should  receive 
copies  of  the  Trustees'  Section  Proceedings. 
C:  ALEX.  NELSON. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY,  I 
New  York  City.  ) 

ENGLISH  POST-CONFERENCE,  JUNE    2&-AU- 
GUST  22,  1897. 

ALL  members  of  the  A.  L.  A.  and  their 
friends  intending  to  go  to  the  International  Li- 
brary Conference  are  urged  to  file  their  appli- 
cations and  deposit  registration  fee  of  $25  at 
once. 

The  time  chosen  is  that  most  desirable  for 
ocean  travel,  and  steamship  accommodations 
are  being  rapidly  taken.  It  will  be  necessary 
for  the  committee  to  make  promptly  a  deposit 
on  all  berths  reserved,  and  to  enable  them  to  do 
this  those  who  expect  to  go  should  remit 
promptly. 

Travel  to  England  is  unusually  heavy  this 
year,  on  account  of  the  "number  who  will  attend 
the  festivities  in  connection  with  the  celebration 
of  the  diamond  jubilee  of  Queen  Victoria.  It 
is  absolutely  necessary,  in  order  to  secure  com- 
fortable accommodations,  to  engage  them  with- 
out delay. 

The  arrangements  progress  favorably.  In 
addition  to  the  details  of  itinerary  given  in  cir- 
cular of  March  i,  the  post-conference  excursion 
for  members  of  the  international  conference 
has  been  arranged  as  follows: 

Leave  London  on  Saturday  morning,  July  17, 
from  Waterloo  station,  arriving  at  Salisbury  in 
time  for  lunch.  Drive  to  Stonehenge  and  back 
to  Salisbury  Saturday  afternoon. 

Sunday,  July  18. — In  Salisbury,  attending  ser- 
vice at  the  cathedral  and  visiting  points  of  in- 
terest. 

Monday,  July  19. —  Drive  to  Glastonbury, 
breaking  the  journey  at  Wells,  then  by  rail  to 
Cheddar  and  Weston  super  Mare,  or  Clevedon; 
steamer  across  the  Channel  to  Cardiff,  staying 
the  night  at  Cardiff. 

Tuesday,  July  20.  —  Late  train  Cardiff  to  Bris- 
tol. 

Wednesday,  July  21.  —  In  Bristol. 


Thursday,  July  22.  —  Leave  Bristol  and  spend 
the  day  at  Bath. 

Friday,  July  23.  —  In  Bath  and  vicinity. 

Saturday  morning,  July  24,  —  Leave  Bath  for 
Oxford,  spending  the  day  at  Oxford. 

Sunday,  July  25.  —  In  Oxford. 

Monday,  July  26.  —  Return  to  London  in 
morning. 

Invitations  to  continental  librarians  are  meet- 
ing with  favorable  responses  and  representative 
librarians  from  Germany,  Belgium,  France,  and 
Holland  will  attend  the  conference. 

The  L.  A.  U.  K.  has  the  co-operation  of  li- 
brary trustees,  councillors  of  municipalities,  and 
the  press,  in  its  efforts  to  gather  in  conference 
representatives  from  the  libraries  of  the  entire 
world.  It  was  hoped  that  H.  R.  H.  the  Prince 
of  Wales,  would  preside,  but  his  numerous  en- 
gagements in  connection  with  the  Queen's  jubi- 
lee make  it  impossible.  During  the  stay  in 
London  the  Lord  Mayor  will  give  the  confer- 
ence  one  of  his  noted  dinners,  and  The  Drapers 
Company  and  the  American  Society  will  extend 
courtesies.  The  visit  of  the  American  librari- 
ans has  been  brought  to  the  notice  of  municipal 
councils,  and  Edinburgh,  Birmingham,  Man- 
chester, Bath,  and  other  cities  have  offered  hos- 
pitalities and  an  opportunity  of  seeing  their 
beauties  and  treasures  under  official  sanction. 

Special  privileges  will  be  given  the  party, 
and  opportunities  of  seeing  and  doing  things 
that  would  be  impossible  for  the  private  tour- 
ist. 

To  take  advantage  of  these  privileges  it  is 
essential  that  the  party  go  together,  and  es- 
pecially that  they  sail  and  land  at  the  same 
time.  The  cities  of  Liverpool,  Birmingham, 
and  Manchester,  which  it  is  proposed  to  visit 
during  the  first  week  after  landing  and  before 
reaching  London,  not  only  have  important  li- 
braries which  our  association  should  see,  but 
have  already  made  preparations  for  the  recep- 
tion and  entertainment  of  the  American  delega- 
tion. To  show  proper  appreciation  of  these 
efforts  in  our  behalf,  not  only  should  a  large 
party  go,  but  go  by  the  official  route  and  go  to- 
gether. 

While  numbers  will  doubtless  be  present  from 
other  countries,  it  is  on  America  that  our  Eng- 
lish brethren  rely  to  make  the  conference  a 
great  international  event.  Wise  as  we  think 
ourselves  we  shall  find  much  to  learn.  A 
chance  to  compare  methods  and  views  will  of 
course  be  given.  But  the  grand  opportunity 
will  be  to  publish  to  the  world  what  libraries 
have  done,  are  doing,  and  can  do,  and  to  awak- 
en the  interest  of  those  who  have  the  means  and 
influence  to  extend  the  work. 

The  itinerary  has  been  arranged  to  afford  an 
opportunity  for  those  desiring  to  do  so  to  make 
a  short  trip  to  Paris  and  other  side  trips  at  very 
moderate  additional  expense. 

Decide  at  once  !  Decide  to  go  !  Go  with  the 
party  !  Send  check  for  $25  at  once  to  secure 
your  berth  ! 

For  the  European  Trip  Committee, 


H.  E.  DAVIDSON. 


Office  of  the  LIBRARY  BUREAU,     I 
BOSTON,  MASS.,  March  23, 1897.  ) 


204 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{April,  '97 


State   Libvanj  CommieGions. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  },  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

NEW  YORK  :  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION,  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 

JOINT  MEETING   WITH   VERMONT   LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

A  JOINT  meeting  of  the  Vermont  Library  Com- 
mission and  the  Vermont  Library  Association 
was  held  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  at  the  Billings  Li- 
brary on  March  12.  The  meeting  was  the  re- 
sult of  a  decision  recently  reached  by  the  com- 
mission to  hold  several  public  meetings  this 
spring  with  the  purpose  of  increasing  public 
interest  in  libraries  and  aiding  in  their  establish- 
ment or  in  the  development  of  libraries  already 
existing. 

There  were  two  sessions,  the  first,  from  10  to 
12  a.m.,  being  a  wholly  informal  examination 
of  an  exhibit  of  library  appliances  under  the 
charge  of  Mr.  F.  Richmond  Fletcher,  of  the  Li- 
brary Bureau,  the  visitors  being  welcomed  by 
Miss  Titcomb,  of  Rutland,  and  Miss  Bartlett,  of 
St.  Johnsbury. 

The  afternoon  session  opened  a  1:30  o'clock 
with  an  address  of  welcome  by  President  Buck- 
ham,  of  the  University  of  Vermont.  He  con- 
gratulated his  audience  upon  this  opportunity 
to  determine  to  a  large  degree  the  reading  of 
the  next  generation  of  Vermonters,  and  denned 
the  power  to  read  as  a  kind  of  sixth  sense, 
opening  the  mind  to  an  infinity  of  influences, 
good,  bad,  healthful,  harmful. 

The  subject  "  How  to  get  a  free  library  for  a 
community  "  was  then  presented  by  Principal  S. 
W.  Landon,  of  the  Burlington  high  school,  who 
cited  the  provisions  of  the  Vermont  law  and 
described  the  way  the  library  should  be  or- 
ganized. 

Miss  Sarah  C.  Hagar,  of  the  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  read  a  paper  on  "  How  can  the  public 
library  be  made  an  aid  to  the  schools."  She 
said  that  teachers  and  librarians  should  co- 
operate and  that  librarians  should  attend  teach- 
ers' meetings. 

Miss  Louise  L.  Bartlett,  of  St.  Johnsbury, 
treated  the  "  Duties  of  the  librarian,"  showing 
the  work  to  consist  of  administering  the  choice 
of  correct  methods,  the  selection  of  books,  and 
the  bringing  of  these  books  before  the  greatest 
number  of  people.  Above  all,  she  said,  the  li- 
brarian's personality  is  what  determines  the  use 
of  the  library. 

Miss  Mary  L.  Titcomb,  of  Rutland,  speaking 
on  "  The  selection  of  books  fora  small  libra- 
ry," said  that  three  things  are  essential  in  the 
making  of  a  useful  library,  namely,  good  books, 
good  methods,  and  a  good  librarian.  The  per- 


son who  selects  the  books  should  be  in  touch  with 
the  popular  taste.  Most  libraries  are  started 
by  books  donated  by  the  residents  of  the  com- 
munity, making  it  necessary  to  later  carefully 
weed  them  out,  retaining  only  the  valuable 
gifts.  Judgment  and  much  care  should  be 
used  in  discriminating.  Books  should  be 
bought  on  approval  and  read  by  some  person 
interested  before  being  finally  selected. 

WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Mil- 
waukee. 


State  Cibrarg  QUsociations. 


LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL   CALI- 
FORNIA. 

President :  J.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

THE  February  meeting  was  held  in  the  Free 
Public  Library  of  Oakland,  Feb.  n,  President 
Rowell  presiding.  Mr.  John  Gilson,  one  of  the 
trustees  of  the  library,  in  a  short  address  cor- 
dially welcomed  the  association,  and  expressed 
his  appreciation  of  the  benefits  derived  from 
these  meetings.  Rev.  E.  J.  Dupuy  was  intro- 
duced, and  gave  in  his  "  Chat  on  French  libra- 
ries "  an  extended  account  of  the  libraries 
throughout  France.  In  an  interesting  manner 
he  compared  them  with  the  libraries  of  Ger- 
many and  America,  showing  the  difference  in 
methods  of  administration,  and  the  way  by 
which  the  reader  gains  access  to  the  books. 
Dr.  D.  Danziger  followed,  with  a  brilliant  ad- 
dress on  "  Books  and  bookmen."  The  speaker 
showed  the  most  earnest  appreciation  for  all 
that  is  wholesome  and  genuine  in  literature,  but 
absolute  intolerance  fo'r  the  unhealthy,  morbid 
tendency  so  apparent  in  many  of  the  writers  of 
to-day.  His  strictures  on  novels  and  novel- 
reading  were  somewhat  severe,  and  he  scored 
the  literary  cormorant  without  mercy.  His 
ideal  librarian  was  endowed  with  the  super- 
human qualities  the  layman  invariably  insists 
upon  in  describing  that  impossible  creature 
of  his  fancy,  so  far  removed,  alas  !  from  the 
matter  of  fact  reality.  Dr.  Danziger  closed 
with  an  amusing  account  of  his  own  experience 
in  authorship.  Mr.  Robert  E.  Cowan  read  a 
valuable  paper  on  California  bibliography  cov- 
ering the  period  from  1600  to  1889.  Mr.  Cowan 
has  for  some  years  been  a  collector  of  Californi- 
ana,  and  has  done  important  work  toward  a 
complete  bibliography  of  the  subject.  His  pa- 
per was  a  summary  of  this  work.  The  new 
"Alamedaindexer"  was  exhibited.  In  general 
plan  it  is  similar  to  the  "Rudolph  indexer," 
but  differs  in  many  essential  points.  Mr.  Har- 
bourne  carefully  explained  the  manner  of  using 
it.  and  claimed  that  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion, in  durability,  and  in  convenience  of  opera- 
tion it  excelled  any  other  device  for  holding 
catalog  entries.  A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


205 


THE  regular  March  meeting  was  held  in  the 
Mercantile  Library,  San  Francisco,  on  Friday, 
March  12,  President  Rowell  presiding.  The 
topic  of  the  evening  was  "  Functions  of  public 
library  trustees,"  and  Judge  Ralph  C.  Harrison, 
president  of  the  Free  Public  Library,  opened  the 
discussion  with  a  paper  on  "  Trust  powers  and 
functions  of  trustees."  The  speaker  said  that 
integrity  of  character  and  unbiassed  judgment 
were  pre-eminently  required  in  this  responsible 
position;  that  the  trustee  could  not  act  with  the 
same  freedom  that  he  might  in  his  own  busi- 
ness ;  that  he  should  keep  well  .within  his  au- 
thority, and  never  exceed  it.  In  conclusion  the 
speaker  quoted  at  some  length  the  library  law 
in  operation  in  San  Francisco. 

John  G.  Brick,  trustee  of  the  Alameda  Public 
Library,  followed,  discussing  "  The  proper  size 
of  the  board,  qualifications,  and  term  of  office." 
Mr.  Brick  said  that  the  law  in  regard  to  library 
trustees  in  cities  of  the  fifth  class  in  California 
was  very  indefinite.  In  some  towns  the  officers 
are  elected,  while  in  others  they  are  appointed. 
He  thought  it  most  important  that  it  be  deter- 
mined which  was  the  proper  method,  and  that  a 
uniform  law  be  adopted  to  prevent  possible 
legal  complications.  Relief,  in  this  regard,  was 
expected  from  a  bill  now  pending  before  the 
legislature.  He  thought  that  five  members 
made  a  good  working  board,  and  that  their 
term  of  office  should  be  so  arranged  that  at  least 
two  would  be  retained  to  instruct  new  members 
in  the  working  policy  of  the  library.  In  regard 
to  qualifications,  Mr.  Brick  thought  a  good  busi- 
ness man  preferable;  "the  trustee  need  not  be 
a  professional  man  or  a  college  graduate,  nec- 
essarily, but  must  have  a  strong  sympathy  for 
the  work  and  a  real  love  for  books." 

Mr.  P.  J.  Healy,  trustee  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute,  chose  "  The  mutual  relations  of  trus- 
tee and  librarian "  for  his  topic.  He  pictured 
the  library  as  it  existed  in  olden  times,  and  said 
that  the  relation  of  trustee  to  librarian  was  one 
of  increasing  importance.  To  get  the  best  re- 
sults there  must  be  complete  sympathy  and 
respect  between  them,  one  supplementing  the 
other;  both  working  fora  common  good  ;  "a 
library  in  modern  times  is  not  a  church,  nor  a 
school,  nor  a  theatre,  but  in  some  respects  it 
stands  for  all  these,  and  a  museum  and  art  gal- 
lery as  well  ;  so  that  he  who  is  able  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  it  may  find  within  its  walls  the 
thought  of  the  ages  preserved  in  the  most 
pleasing  form." 

A  general  discussion  followed,  in  which  Mr. 
Nash,  of  Stanford  University,  Judge  Harrison, 
and  Miss  Hancock,  of  Sacramento,  took  part. 
A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary, 

COLORADO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary:  Herbert  E.  Richie,  City  Library, 
Denver. 

Treasurer :  J.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

THE  Colorado  Library  Association  held  its 
regular  monthly  meeting  at  the  High  School 
Building,  Denver,  on  March  12. 


The  subject  was  "Children's  reading:  opin- 
ions and  suggestions  of  teachers."  The  meet- 
ing was  largely  attended  by  teachers,  who  took 
part  in  the  discussion.  J.  C.  Dana,  of  the 
Public  Library,  led  the  discussion.  He  had  pre- 
viously sent  to  teachers  throughout  the  city 
circulars  asking  for  answers  to  questions  as  to 
how  much  reading  should  be  done,  and  what 
kind  of  books  should  be  given  children  up  to  12 
years  of  age.  Could  they  be  taught  to  appre- 
ciate good  literature,  and  at  what  age?  What 
class  of  books  can  they  be  most  interested  in? 
and  other  questions  of  a  similar  character.  (See 
p.  187.)  These  questions  and  the  answers  re- 
ceived were  tabulated  and  read,  each  question 
being  discussed  in  order.  The  results  indicate 
that  children  do  not,  as  a  rule,  read  enough 
outside  of  their  school-work,  and  that  it  is  pos- 
sible for  teachers  to  interest  them  in  the  better 
class  of  books  and  encourage  them  to  read 
more  by  selecting  reading-matter  for  them. 

George  M.  Lee  spoke  on  the  state  library 
commission  bill,  and  reported  that  the  outlook 
for  its  passage  was  more  favorable. 

Superintendent  J.  H.  Van  Sickle,  who  attend- 
ed the  last  conference  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  gave  an 
interesting  talk  on  the  round  table  meeting  of 
the  library  section  of  that  organization. 

President  A.  E.  Whitaker  spoke  on  library 
matters  in  Boulder.  The  association  held  its 
last  meeting  at  that  city,  and  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  organize  a  public  library  there.  Mr. 
Whitaker  reported  that  no  definite  action  had 
been  taken  as  yet,  but  that  the  committee  was 
active. 

Dr.  Mary  Barker  Bates  was  appointed  a  dele- 
gate to  represent  the  association  at  the  confer- 
ence of  the  Educational  Alliance  of  Denver. 
H.  E.  RICHIE,  Secretary. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Library  Bureau,  125  Franklin  street,  Chicago 
111. 

IOWA  LIBRARY  SOCIETY. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li.-, 
brary,  Des  Moines. 


206 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 
President:    E.  W.    Hall,   Colby    University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary:  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MA  SSA  CHUSE  TTS  L I  BRA  RY  CL  UB. 

President:  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Secretary:  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

THE  next  meeting  of  the  Massachusetts  Li- 
brary Club  will  be  held  on  Thursday,  April  22, 
in  the  Boston  Public  Library,  at  10  a.m.  The 
subject  is  to  be  "  Book  illustration,"  and  among 
the  speakers  will  be  Mr.  Winthrop  S.  Scudder, 
Mr.  Louis  Prang,  and  Mrs.  Mary  D.  Hicks. 
In  the  afternoon  the  club  is  invited  to  visit  the 
Riverside  Press. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary :  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer 
sity,  Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary  :  Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TIO.V. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  J:  B.  Thompson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Secretary :  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

JOINT    MEETING     WITH     PENNSYLVANIA    LIBRARY 
CLUB. 

THE  first  joint  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey 
Library  Association  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club  was  held  at  the  Grand  Atlantic 
Hotel  in  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  on  Monday  and 
Tuesday,  April  5  and  6.  The  meeting  was 
a  large  and  successful  one,  the  registration 
showing  an  attendance  of  130,  and  the  number 
of  persons  present  from  other  states  made  it 
seem  almost  a  small  A.  L.  A.  conference  rather 


than  a  large  local  gathering.  Among  those 
present  were  Melvil  Dewey,  Dr.  J.  S.  Billings, 
R.  P.  Hayes,  H.  L.  Elmendorf,  W.  R.  Eastman, 
C.  A.  Cutter,  C.  C.  Soule,  R.  R.  Bowker,  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  H.  J.  Carr,  T.  L.  Montgomery,  John 
Thomson,  F.  P.  Hill,  E.  C.  Richardson,  W.  H. 
Lowdermilk,  F.  W.  Faxon,  Miss  James,  Miss 
Kroeger,  Miss  Hull,  Miss  Burdick,  and  many 
others.  Fully  half  of  those  present  came 
down  on  Saturday  afternoon  and  spent  Sunday 
and  part  of  Monday  in  exploring  Atlantic  City 
and  investigating  the  delights  of  the  sideshows 
and  other  enticements  that  line  the  shore  side 
of  the  famous  boardwalk. 

On  Monday  morning  all  who  were  members 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  met  separately  in  a  special  ses- 
sion at  ii  o'clock  to  consider  the  steps  best 
to  be  taken  to  procure  a  satisfactory  amend- 
ment to  the  Dingley  tariff  bill  as  it  was  passed 
by  the  house.  The  report  of  this  meeting  and 
the  resolutions  adopted  are  given  elsewhere 
(see  p.  202). 

The  first  session  of  the  joint  meeting  was  held 
Monday  evening  at  eight  o'clock.  The  main 
purpose  of  the  convention  was  to  forcibly  pre- 
sent to  the  citizens  and  local  authorities  the  need 
of  a  free  public  library  in  Atlantic  City,  which 
has  a  resident  population  of  about  20,000,  with  a 
summer  population  mounting  up  toward  the  hun- 
dred thousands.  The  first  session  was  therefore 
almost  wholly  devoted  to  a  presentation  of 
what  a  free  library  can  do  in  a  community  and 
to  the  means  whereby  it  may  be  established. 
Mr.  Carr,  president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club,  presided,  and  introduced  Mayor  F. 
P.  Stoy,  who  cordially  welcomed  the  associa- 
tion and  expressed  his  hope  that  at  the  time  of 
the  next  joint  meeting  the  visiting  librarians 
might  be  entertained  by  the  Atlantic  City  Free 
Public  Library.  Mr.  Richardson,  of  Princeton, 
and  Mr.  Carr  responded  gracefully  to  the  words 
of  welcome,  in  behalf  of  the  two  associations, 
and  the  business  of  the  session  was  opened  by 
a  paper  on  "The  benefit  of  a  public  library  to 
the  people,"  by  Miss  Hannah  P.  James,  of  the 
Osterhout  Free  Library,  Wilkesbarre. 

Miss  James  spoke  of  the  public  library  as  a 
source  of  help  and  of  inspiration  for  all  time, 
bringing  to  us  the  bequest  of  the  centuries  that 
have  gone  before  us,  and  she  reviewed  briefly 
the  great  change  that  had  taken  place  in  its  ad- 
ministration and  development  within  the  past 
45  years.  She  thought  that  the  library,  while 
reaching  out  as  widely  as  possible  to  all  the 
people,  should  be  carefully  guarded  from  the 
danger  of  admitting  "books  that  are  not  only 
valueless  but  are  mentally  and  morally  bad," 
even  on  the  plea  that  these  books  will  draw 
readers  who  might  not  otherwise  come  to  the 
library.  She  spoke  of  the  broadening  out  of  li- 
brary work  in  recent  years  through  the  schools, 
through  clubs,  and  home  libraries,  and  of  the 
wonderful  influence  that  this  great  fabric  of 
public  education  and  culture,  now  building, 
must  have  upon  the  generations  yet  to  come. 

"What  the  state  could  do  to  foster  free  public 
libraries  "  was  the  next  topic  upon  the  program, 
and  was  discussed  by  Mr.  Thomson,  of  the  Free 
Library  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Montgomery,  of 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY.  JOURNAL 


207 


Wagner  Free  Institute,  and  Mr.  Weeks,  of 
Newark.  Mr.  Thomson  argued  that  educa- 
tion does  not  end  with  the  public  schools  and 
that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  state  to  provide  the 
tools  of  trade  for  those  who  cannot  go  to  college 
by  putting  at  their  disposal  books  useful  in 
their  various  occupations.  Every  city,  town, 
and  village  should  be  supplied  with  books,  and 
the  state  ought  to  appropriate  funds  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  such  libraries.  Mr.  Montgom- 
ery discussed  what  the  state  was  likely  to  do  — 
which  he  thought  would  be  very  little,  and 
what  the  people  could  do  for  themselves  and  to 
obtain  action  from  the  state.  Mr.  Weeks  spoke 
of  what  the  people  could  do  for  themselves;  he 
thought  that  "  the  state  should  not  provide  us 
with  something  we  do  not  get  ourselves,  if  it  is 
not  worth  working  for,  it  is  not  worth  getting." 
He  briefly  reviewed  the  library  record  of  New 
Jersey,  where  in  1879  a  law  was  passed  author- 
izing city  councils  to  establish  a  library  tax  levy 
of  one-sixth  of  a  mill.  In  1889  an  act  was 
passed  providing  that  one-third  of  a  mill  might 
be  voted  by  cities  and  assessed  upon  themselves 
as  a  library  fund,  and  in  1890  this  privilege  was 
extended  to  townships  and  other  smaller  muni- 
cipalities. Yet  in  New  Jersey,  where  there  are 
now  36  cities,  no  public  library  was  ever  estab- 
lished under  the  law  of  1879,  and  but  17  free 
public  libraries  have  been  founded  in  the  13 
years  since  1884. 

A  discussion  then  followed  on  "  The  estab- 
lishment of  a  free  public  library  in  Atlantic 
City,"  which  was  opened  by  the  Rev.  T.  J.  Cross, 
of  Atlantic  City,  who  urged  that  the  importance 
of  the  matter  be  not  put  out  of  sight  under  the 
ever-present  plea  of  "  economy."  John  F.  Hall, 
editor  of  the  Atlantic  Daily  Union,  said  that  he 
was  pleased  to  see  the  sea-serpent  welcoming 
the  book-worm  to  Atlantic  City,  and  spoke  brief- 
ly on  a  public  library  as  the  one  thing  now 
needed  by  the  city.  The  other  speakers  were 
Melvil  Dewey,  who  strongly  urged  the  necessity 
of  supplying  people  with  good  literature  in 
these  days  when  all  are  taught  to  read,  and 
"yellow  journalism"  flourishes,  and  described 
the  library  as  the  great  corner-stone  of  public 
education;  and  F.  P.  Hill,  of  the  Newark  Pub- 
lic Library,  who  closed  the  discussion. 

The  second  session  was  held  on  Tuesday  morn- 
ing at  9:30,  and  was  opened  by  Prof.  A.  H. 
Smyth,  of  the  Boys'  Central  High  School  of 
Philadelphia,  with  a  paper  on  "  The  choice  of 
books  for  a  seaside  library,"  in  which  he  gave 
the  Atlantic  City  people  many  useful  ideas  and 
suggestions,  although  the  exclusion  of  light 
fiction  seemed  rather  startling,  as  the  seashore 
in  summer  is  generally  thought  to  be  the  place 
for  such  reading. 

The  "  Prospects  of  the  Princeton  University 
Library  "  were  then  described  by  Prof.  E.  C. 
Richardson  in  a  delightful  talk,  illustrated  by 
blue  prints  and  photographs  of  the  magnificent 
new  building  now  in  process  of  construction  at 
Princeton. 

The  question-box  was  next  in  order,  and 
half  a  dozen  questions  relating  to  the  means 
and  methods  of  establishing  a  library  in  Atlan- 
tic City  were  propounded  and  answered.  This 


was  followed  by  an  excellent  series  of  papers 
on  "  The  public  library  and  the  child,"  by  Miss 
Emma  L.  Adams,  of  the  Plainfield  (N.  J.)  Pub- 
lic Library,  Miss  Alice  M.  Kroeger,  of  Drexel 
Institute,  and  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  of  the  Girls' 
Normal  School,  Philadelphia.  Excellent  sug- 
gestions were  made  as  to  the  best  methods  by 
which  to  educate  children's  taste  toward  some- 
thing better  than  Alger,  Adams,  Finley,  or  the 
"yellow  journalism";  stories  of  imagination 
and  fancy  were  given  a  foremost  place  in  the 
best  "children's  reading";  and  the  "forcing 
process,"  whereby  the  healthy  child  was  trans- 
formed into  a  book-worm,  was  deprecated.  In 
the  discussion  which  followed,  Mr.  Bowker  sug- 
gested what  would  be  an  unique  bibliography 
—  a  list  annotated  by  children  for  themselves. 
The  difficulty  of  finding  suitable  reading-matter 
for  servants  was  also  brought  up.  Miss  James 
found  no  trouble  with  that  class,  as  they  read 
Ben  Hur,  Amelia  Barr,  and  Dinah  Mulock 
Craik's  books,  but  it  was  thought  that  some 
attention  might  well  be  given  to  the  subject. 

The  subject  of  the  English  post-conference 
trip  of  the  A.  L.  A.  was  briefly  presented  by 
Mr.  Elmendorf,  who  drew  a  delightful  picture 
of  the  lavish  hospitality  awaiting  the  American 
librarians  at  the  hands  of  their  cousins  across 
the  seas.  Mr.  Dewey  then  spoke  of  the  conven- 
tion of  the  N.  E.  A.,  to  be  held  in  Milwaukee  in 
July  of  this  year,  and  urged  the  library  associa- 
tions to  be  represented  at  that  conference  by 
delegates.  The  meeting  then  adjourned  sine  die. 

Most  of  those  present  departed  by  afternoon 
trains,  but  a  few  remained  over  until  the  next 
day  and  pursued  further  their  bicycling  re- 
searches along  the  Jersey  coast.  Although  the 
meeting  was  not  allowed  three  days  of  unin- 
terrupted fair  weather,  the  charms  of  Atlantic 
City,  in  sunshine  and  in  fog,  were  voted  many 
and  varied,  and  they  were  fully  tested,  from  the 
simplicity  of  ocean,  beach,  and  sky,  to  the  com- 
plex civilization  of  the  board-walk,  where  the 
librarians  abandoned  their  hobbies  of  classifica- 
tion or  charging  systems  for  the  fiery  charger 
of  the  merry-go-round,  and  indulged  in  the 
varied  excitements  of  salt-water  taffy,  Japanese 
tea-gardens,  the  biograph,  "nature's  wonder- 
land," and  "  Parisian  illusions."  Joint  meet- 
ings are  a  success.* 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:    J.    N.  Wing,    Chas.    Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 
OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary:  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton, 

Treasurer:  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

*  This  statement  is  doubly  proven,  as  the  JOURNAL 
goes  to  press,  by  the  news  that  Atlantic  City,  by  a  unani- 
mous vote,  has  adopted  a  resolution  favorable  to  a  free 
library. 


208 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


THE  executive  board  of  the  Ohio  Library  As- 
sociation, 1896-97,  held  its  first  meeting  of  the 
year  at  Columbus,  on  March  4.  The  president, 
Dr.  A.  W.  Whelpley,  of  Cincinnati,  Miss  Doren, 
secretary;  the  vice-presidents,  Mr.  Frank  Con- 
over,  of  Dayton,  Miss  Martha  Mercer,  of  Mans- 
field, and  the  treasurer,  C.  B.  Galbreath,  of 
Columbus,  were  present.  A.  S.  Root,  of  Ober- 
lin,  and  E.  M.  Monfort,  of  Marietta,  sent  letters 
of  regret  and  offered  some  valuable  suggestions 
relative  to  the  work  of  the  association  in  the 
coming  year. 

On  invitation  of  the  board,  Mr.  W.  H.  Brett, 
and  Miss  Alice  Boardman,  the  former  president 
and  the  former  secretary,  and  Mr.  Rutherford 
P.  Hayes,  of  the  state  library  commission,  were 
present  at  the  business  meeting,  which  took 
place  in  the  afternoon  at  the  state  library. 

It  was  decided  to  hold  the  next  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  association,  October  6-7,  at  Cincin- 
nati. After  outlining  the  general  features  of 
the  program  and  appointing  the  committees  for 
the  year,  the  proof-sheets  of  the  O.  L.  A.  hand- 
book were  submitted  by  the  secretary,  and 
being  approved  it  was  ordered  to  be  printed. 

The  members  of  the  board  were  delightfully 
entertained  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hayes  at  the  Co- 
lumbus Club.  After  lunch  a  visit  was  paid  to 
the  two  pleasant  public  libraries  of  the  city,  the 
public  school  library  and  the  city  library.  The 
document-room  of  the  state  library  also  afford- 
ed a  refreshing  sight,  having  been  reclaimed  in 
the  past  year  through  the  energy  of  Mr.  Hayes 
and  the  state  librarian  from  a  shocking  condi- 
tion of  dust  and  decay.  The  board  and  the  li- 
brary council  of  Columbus  were  entertained  in 
the  evening  at  the  home  of  President  and  Mrs. 
Canfield,  of  the  Ohio  State  University.  Inter- 
esting informal  talks  from  Mr.  Whelpley,  Mr. 
Brett,  and  others  were  followed  by  general  dis- 
cussion upon  library  topics. 

THE  association  was  duly  placed  on  record 
with  a  vigorous  and  telling  letter  of  protest 
against  the  proposed  duty  upon  foreign  books 
brought  into  the  country  for  public  libraries. 
The  letter  drawn  up  by  Dr.  A.  W.  Whelpley, 
the  president,  and  signed  by  the  vice-president 
and  the  secretary,  was  sent  promptly  to  the 
Ohio  senators,  and  Ho'n.  Nelson  Dingley  and 
other  representatives. 

HANDBOOK. 

The  handbook  of  the  Ohio  Library  Associa- 
tion for  1896-97  has  just  been  issued.  It  is  a 
small  i6-page  pamphlet,  giving  in  full  officers, 
committees,  members,  and  constitution,  with  a 
brief  history  of  the  association  since  its  organi- 
zation in  February,  1895. 

PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

THE  February  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club  was  held,  on  the  invitation  of  the 


Board  of  Directors  of  City  Trusts,  on  Monday, 
March  8,  in  the  library  of  Girard  College,  Phil- 
adelphia. The  librarian,  Mr.  George  P.  Rupp, 
had  made  arrangements  for  the  reception  of  his 
visitors,  which  were  highly  appreciated  by  those 
who  were  present.  The  handsome  library-room 
was  decorated  with  flowers  and  palms,  and  an 
inspection  of  the  books  was  accorded  before  the 
meeting  was  called  to  order. 

In  the  absence  of  the  president,  Henry  J. 
Carr,  the  vice-president,  Mr.  John  Thomson,  of 
the  Free  Library,  took  the  chair.  The  business 
of  the  meeting  consisted  of  a  statement  as  to 
the  legislation  pending  at  Harrisburg,  and  Mr. 
John  Edmands,  of  the  Mercantile  Library,  moved 
that  the  club  cordially  endorse  the  steps  which 
had  been  taken  to  extend  the  act  of  1895. 
After  some  discussion  this  was  unanimously 
adopted. 

Mr.  Thomson  then  stated  in  some  detail  the 
arrangements  for  the  union  meeting  of  the  New 
Jersey  Association  and  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  to  be  held  at  Atlantic  City,  on 
April  5  and  6. 

Miss  Agnes  Repplier  then  gave  a  charming 
address  on  "The  genesis  of  the  novel."  She 
compared  the  struggle  of  the  male  and  female 
novelists  for  supremacy  in  that  department  of 
literature,  emphasized  the  benefits  of  reading 
good  novels,  and  from  such  instances  as  the 
generous  and  cordial  sympathy  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott  towards  Jane  Austen  showed  how  true 
artists  regard  the  work  achieved  and  not  the 
individual  or  sex  accomplishing  success.  Miss 
Repplier  dwelt  upon  the  painfully  insufficient 
remuneration  received  by  authors  for  brilliant 
work,  but  showed  that  she  herself  was  an 
optimist  in  her  estimate  of  the  benefits  bestowed 
upon  the  world  by  its  great  novelists. 

James  W.  King,  managing  editor  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia Press,  then  gave  an  address  upon  the 
making  and  daily  production  of  a  newspaper. 
He  entered  into  many  details  of  the  sums  ex- 
pended to  procure  news  ;  held  up  the  curtain  of 
secrecy  as  to  the  salaries  paid  to  the  heads  of 
various  departments  and  urged  that  hundreds 
of  bright  young  women  now  working  in  stenog- 
raphy, typewriting,  libraries,  and  book-stores 
would  do  well  to  adopt  "journalism  "  as  an  out- 
let for  their  industry,  promising  that  they 
would  have  a  taste  of  every  kind  of  work  from 
attending  a  great  fire  to  writing  columns  of  de- 
.signs  for  dresses  and  theatre  hats. 

After  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  speakers  by  Mr. 
Joseph  G.  Rosengarten,  the  meeting  broke  up 
and  a  pleasant  social  half  hour  followed. 

FOR  report  of  the  joint  meeting  of  the  New 
Jersey  Library  Association  and  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Library  Club,  see  p.  206. 

THE  next  meeting  of  the  club  will  be  held  on 
May  10  in  the  newest  of  the  branches  of  the 
Free  Library  at  Chestnut  Hill.  .  It  is  antici- 
pated that  a  large  number  will  avail  themselves 
of  the  opportunity  to  visit  this  cheerful  library. 
The  principal  subject  of  the  evening  will  be 
"  Bookbinding  as  a  part  of  library  machinery." 
This  branch  was  taken  into  the  Free  Library 
system  on  February  i,  and  an  increase  in  cir- 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


209 


culation  has  already  taken  place  exceeding  100 
per  cent. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary- Treasurer:  W:  R.  Watson,  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh. 

THE  regular  meeting  of  the  Western  Penn- 
sylvania Library  Club  was  held  in  the  lecture- 
room  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh, 
Thursday,  March  n,  at  10  a.m. 

About  25  members  were  present  and  the  meet- 
ing proved  to  be  the  most  interesting  one  yet 
held.  The  subject,  "The library  and  the  chil- 
dren," was  of  interest  to  every  one,  and  the  dis- 
cussions following  the  several  papers  were  well 
supported  by  the  members.  Miss  Macrum,  of 
the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh,  read  a 
paper  on  the  "  Relation  of  libraries  to  schools"  ; 
Miss  Wales,  of  the  Carnegie  Free  Library,  Brad- 
dock,  spoke  of  the  children's  department ;  and 
Mr.  Turner,  of  the  Cambria  Free  Library, 
Johnstown,  read  a  paper  on  "  Home  libraries." 

A  joint  committee  from  the  club  and  the 
Charitable  Association  of  the  city  was  appointed 
to  see  about  establishing  a  system  of  home 
libraries.  The  Woman's  Club,  a  local  organiza- 
tion, has  already  begun  work  in  this  line  and 
finds  the  children  eager  for  books.  It  is  hoped 
that  by  joining  forces  a  more  effectual  system 
can  be  established. 

After  discussing  the  contents  of  the  question- 
box  the  meeting  was  adjourned.  The  public  will 
be  invited  to  attend  the  next  meeting,  which 
will  be  held  in  May. 

WILLIAM  RICHARD  WATSON, 

Secretary-  Treasurer. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Maude  A.  Barley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN    TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 

THE  association  has  received  a  gift  of  300 
books,  contributed  by  persons  in  Chicago  in- 
terested in  the  work  of  the  travelling  libraries. 
This  is  the  largest  gift  yet  received,  and  with 
other  smaller  donations  of  books  recently 
sent  in  will  be  sufficient  to  equip  10  more 
libraries. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary:  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  Armour  In- 
stitute, Chicago,  111. 

Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Public  Li- 
braries, 215  Madison  Street. 

THE  Chicago  Library  Club  held  its  last  regu- 
lar meeting  of  the  year  in  the  library-rooms  of 
the  Lewis  Institute,  Chicago,  March  4,  1897,  at 
eight  o'clock,  p.m. 

A  cordial  welcome  was  extended  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  club  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Mann,  of  the 
Lewis  Institute,  who  also  gave  a  brief  historical 
sketch  of  the  institution. 

A  report  from  the  committee  on  editing  a 
union  list  of  periodicals  was  submitted  by  the 
chairman,  Mr.  Andrews.  It  has  been  decided 
to  use  the  "consolidated  list"  of  the  Boston 
public  libraries  as  a  basis  for  this  work,  leaving 
the  question  of  any  modifications  of  its  rules  and 
scope  to  be  considered  after  the  replies  and  sug- 
gestions of  the  various  libraries  have  been  re- 
ceived. The  committee  hope  to  have  the  list 
completed  by  the  opening  of  another  year. 

Following  this  report,  an  interesting  paper 
on  "The  decorative  illustration  of  books"  was 
read  by  Mr.  W.  Irving  Way,  who  exhibited 
many  rare  and  beautiful  books  and  manuscripts 
in  illustration  of  his  theme. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year  :  President,  Anderson  H.  Hop- 
kins, John  Crerar  Library;  ist  vice-president, 
W.  W.  Bishop,  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 
Evanston  ;  2d  vice-president,  W:  S.  Merrill, 
Newberry  Library;  Secretary,  Miss  Margaret 
Mann,  Armour  Institute  ;  Treasurer,  Miss  M. 
E.  Ahern,  editor  Public  Libraries. 

MARGARET  MANN,  Secretary. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 
"  A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going — and  so,  good-day ! " 

AT  a  meeting  of  the  Round  Table  held  on 
Wednesday,  March  10,  Mr.  F:  W.  Faxon,  of 
the  Boston  Book  Co.,  gave  an  informal  and 
pleasant  talk  on  his  trip  abroad  and  his  impres- 
sions of  English  libraries. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Secretary:  Miss  J.  A.  Rathbone,  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library,  Brooklyn. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Tuttle,  Long 
Island  Historical  Society,  Brooklyn. 

THE  March  meeting  of  the  New  York  Libra- 
ry Club  was  held  in  the  Astor  Library  on  March 
II,  at  7:45  p.m.  The  meeting  was  held  in  the 
evening,  as  it  was  not  possible  for  the  Astor  to 
receive  the  club  in  the  afternoon.  There  was 
an  attendance  of  about  60  persons. 

The  committee  on  the  Massachusetts  fiction 
lists  reported  that  the  Massachusetts  Library 
Club  had  decided  to  continue  the  lists,  but  asked 
for  financial  co-operation,  which  the  committee 
recommended  that  the  New  York  club  give. 
The  report  was  accepted. 


210 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


In  accordance  with  the  request  voted  at  the 
January  meeting,  two  delegates,  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire 
and  Miss  Rathbone,  were  appointed  to  repre- 
sent the  club  at  the  meeting  of  the  National 
Educational  Association  at  Milwaukee  in  July. 

Mr.  William  C.  Kimball,  trustee  of  the  Pas- 
saic  (N.  J.)  Public  Library,  and  Miss  Louise 
Hueser,  librarian-in-charge  of  the  New  York 
Free  Circulating  Library  at  330  Sixth  avenue, 
were  elected  members  of  the  club. 

The  subject  of  the  evening  was  "Some  re- 
cent bibliographical  projects."  Dr.  John  S. 
Billings,  of  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
spoke  on  the  plan  for  indexing  scientific  publi- 
cations decided  on  at  the  international  confer- 
ence held  in  London  in  July  last.  The  sugges- 
tion of  a  co-operative  index  of  scientific  papers, 
periodicals,  and  transactions,  he  said,  originat- 
ed with  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  in  1847.  The  idea  was  not  then 
taken  up,  but  in  1857  the  Royal  Society  of  Lon- 
don began  their  well-known  index  of  scientific 
periodicals,  of  which  n  volumes  have  appeared. 
In  response  to  the  growing  demand  for  a  sub- 
ject index,  the  Royal  Society  appointed  a  com- 
mittee, about  three  years  ago,  to  investigate 
the  subject  of  an  international  index.  This  in- 
vestigation resulted  in  an  invitation  from  the 
English  government  to  the  governments  of  the 
civilized  world  to  an  international  conference  of 
scientists.  The  result  of  this  conference  was 
the  decision  to  undertake  the  issuing  of  a  sub- 
ject index  of  scientific  articles  (not  including 
the  applied  sciences).  Each  country  is  to  index 
its  own  publications,  while  the  whole  list  is  to 
be  edited  and  printed  at  the  central  bureau  in 
London.  The  index  is  to  be  issued  on  cards  or 
galley-slips  and  in  book  form  from  time  to  time. 
Work  is  to  begin  January  i,  1900  ;  the  Royal 
Society  Catalogue  is  to  be  completed  by  that  time. 

It  would  seem  that  the  coming  century  is  to 
be  the  bibliographers' millennium,  for  following 
upon  Dr.  Billings's  account  of  the  prospective 
realization  of  one  fond  hope,  Mr.  Theobald 
Solberg  unfolded  a  still  wider  and  more  Utopi- 
an plan  —  no  less  than  the  project  of  a  universal 
catalog  of  all  printed  books.  The  present  time, 
he  said,  demands  not  only  a  prompter  and  more 
complete  record  of  book  production,  but  a  more 
exact  and  elaborate  record.  This  need  is  not 
only  current  but  retroactive,  and  one  of  the 
sure  claims  upon  the  coming  century  is,  not 
only  that  it  shall  produce  its  complete  weekly, 
monthly,  or  yearly  catalog,  but  that  it  shall  go 
back  and  recatalog  the  world's  books  according 
to  the  new  methods.  The  need  for  these  two 
things,  a  regular  periodic  publication  of  all  the 
titles  of  all  current  books  and  great  national 
bibliographies,  adequately  cataloging  all  pub- 
lished books,  is  becoming  greater  daily.  The 
great  improvement  in  bibliographical  machinery 
makes  this  vast  project  practicable  and  the 
establishment  of  the  International  Copyright 
Union  renders  its  accomplishment  possible. 

The  International  Copyright  Union  was  cre- 
ated in  1887  for  the  purpose  of  extending  recip- 
rocal copyright  protection  in  each  country  of 
the  union  to  works  produced  by  the  authors  of 
the  several  countries  within  the  union.  To  aid 
in  carrying  this  out,  an  International  Copyright 
Bureau  was  established  in  Berne,  and  a  month- 


ly journal  entitled  Le  Droit  d'Auteur,  issued 
since  January  15,  1888.  Among  the  contents 
of  Le  Droit  d'Auteur  are  a  series  of  elaborate 
annual  summaries  of  the  book  production  of 
the  countries  for  which  figures  were  available. 
The  incompleteness  of  this  record,  together 
with  the  want  of  uniformity  in  the  method  of 
preparing  and  classifying  the  titles,  led  to  the 
suggestion  that  the  titles  of  all  books  copy- 
righted within  the  countries  of  the  Internation- 
al Copyright  Union  be  registered  at  the  bureau 
at  Berne.  From  this  suggestion  the  next  step 
naturally  was  that  the  Berne  Bureau  be  charged 
to  prepare,  first,  classified  statistics  of  the  lit- 
erary, artistic,  dramatic,  and  musical  works 
published  within  the  countries  of  the  union  ; 
second,  a  catalog  of  these  works  by  author  and 
title.  This  latter  broadened  into  a  proposal  to 
carry  such  a  catalog  back  to  the  date  of  the 
Berne  treaty,  December  5,  1887,  by  compila- 
tions by  each  country  of  all  copyright  literature 
produced  since  that  date.  From  this  point  it 
was  but  a  single  leap  to  a  conception  of  a  uni- 
versal catalog  of  books  going  back  to  the  very 
origin  of  printing.  This  plan  has  been  dis- 
cussed at  several  congresses  of  the  Internation- 
al Literary  and  Artistic  Association,  and  though 
no  definite  action  has  yet  been  taken,  the  prob- 
lems involved  are  being  studied  with  thorough- 
ness and  an  earnest  and  intelligent  interest  that 
bodes  well  for  action  in  the  future. 

A  brief  discussion  followed  this  paper.  Mr. 
Bowker  called  attention  to  the  mines  of  valua- 
ble matter  hidden  away  in  the  transactions  of 
local  learned  societies.  Progress  has  been  made, 
he  said,  in  American  bibliography  of  the  early 
part  of  the  century  ;  existing  material  is  to  be 
taken  as  the  foundation  and  the  gaps  filled  up. 

A  SPECIAL  meeting  of  the  club  was  called 
Wednesday  afternoon,  March  23,  at  Columbia 
University,  to  protest  against  the  omission  from 
the  free  list  in  the  Dirigley  tariff  bill  of  books 
and  apparatus  for  the  use  of  libraries  and  other 
educational  institutions.  The  meeting  was  well 
attended.  Dr.  J.  S.  Billings,  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  the  chairman  of  the  committee 
appointed  to  take  necessary  action,  spoke  of  the 
necessity  of  librarians  working  actively  in  op- 
position to  the  proposed  measure.  Resolutions 
reciting  the  previous  tariff  legislation  on  the 
subject  and  urging  the  restoration  of  the  privi- 
leges heretofore  accorded  were  passed,  copies 
of  which  the  secretary  was  instructed  to  send 
to  the  secretaries  of  the  library  associations 
throughout  the  country,  to  the  congressmen 
and  senators  from  New  York,  and  to  the  mem- 
bers of  the  club.  The  committee,  consisting  of 
Dr.  Billings,  Mr.  Nelson,  and  Mr.  Bostwick, 
was  continued  with  power. 

A  MEETING  of  the  club  will  be  held  on  the 
afternoon  of  Thursday,  April  22,  at  the  Library 
of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Railroad  Branch,  361  Madi- 
son Ave.,  New  York  City. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 
C/7Y. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter.  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer:  F.  H.  Parsons  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LTBRARY  JOURNAL 


211 


Cibrarg  Bdjaals  cmfc  Spraining  (Classes. 


AMHERST  SUMMER  SCHOOL. 
THE  department  of  library  economy  of  Am- 
herst  Summer  School  will  open  for  the  usual 
summer  session  on  July  5.  The  course  covers 
six  weeks,  or  until  August  13,  and  will,  as  here- 
tofore, be  conducted  by  W.  I.  Fletcher,  librarian 
of  Amherst  College.  There  are  no  special  re- 
quirements for  admission,  but  applicants  are  ex- 
pected to  have  had  a  reasonably  thorough  edu- 
cation and  to  show  some  special  aptitude  for 
work  among  books.  The  course  is  not  intend- 
ed to  fit  one  for  immediate  expert  work,  but  is 
especially  adapted  for  persons  already  engaged 
in  library  work,  but  who  have  had  no  special 
training  and  who  desire  to  become  familiar  with 
approved  methods  and  recognized  standards. 
Instruction  is  given  daily  (except  Saturday) 
from  iotoi2  a.m.  in  the  form  of  lectures  by  Mr. 
Fletcher,  presenting  the  whole  field  of  library 
work;  afternoon  sessions,  from  2  to  4  o'clock, 
will  be  devoted  to  practice  by  the  pupils  in  vari- 
ous forms  of  work.  The  tuition  fee  for  the 
course  is  $15,  and  arrangements  will  be  made, 
if  desired,  for  persons  desiring  other  work  than 
the  library  course.  Intending  pupils  are  ad- 
vised to  provide  themselves  in  advance  with 
"The  Library  School  rules  of  cataloging," 
published  by  the  Library  Bureau  at  $1.25. 
Further  information  may  be  obtained  by  ad- 
dressing W.  I.  Fletcher,  Amherst,  Mass. 


Hemeros. 


HEWINS,  Caroline  M.,  comp.  Books  for  boys 
and  girls:  a  selected  list.  Published  for  the 
A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section  by  the  Library 
Bureau,  1897.  (A.  L.  A.  annotated  lists, 
small  series,  no.  9.)  31  p.  IDC. 
There  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  great  prac- 
tical usefulness  of  this  capital  little  list.  It  will 
find  its  special  field  among  the  smaller  town  and 
village  libraries,  and  the  school-room  libraries, 
constantly  increasing  in  number,  and  indeed  it 
would  seem  to  be  almost  more  useful  to  the 
teacher  than  to  the  librarian.  Its  limited  scope 
is  one  of  its  chief  merits,  for  it  is  never  so  dif- 
ficult to  select  widely  for  a  large  library  as  it  is 
to  choose  the  best  books  that  may  be  had  for 
little  money.  Miss  Hewins  lists  about  200  au- 
thors, including  some  300  volumes.  Her  selec- 
tion is  prefaced  with  a  few  helpful  suggestions 
as  to  what  makes  good  reading  for  boys  and 
girls,  and  what  the  children  themselves  prefer. 
The  books  are  grouped  in  classes,  opening  with 
a  dozen  "illustrated  books  for  the  youngest 
children,"  and  including  books  on  science,  and 
out-door  life,  animal  stories,  stories  of  home  and 
school  life,  travel  and  adventure,  child  life  in 
various  countries,  and  history  and  historical 
stories  and  biographies  arranged  by  countries. 
Four  magazines,  Harper's  Round  Table,  the  Ob- 
server, St.  Nicholas,  and  Youth's  Companion,  are 
included.  The  annotations  are  of  the  briefest, 
and  aim  to  make  clear  the  special  suitability 


of  the  book,  as  in  the  note  to  the  "Peterkin" 
books,  which  are  said  to  be  "amusing  and  good 
for  dreamy  and  unpractical  children. "  Books  for 
children  under  eight  or  ten  years  are  specially 
indicated.  Upon  the  selection  as  a  whole  it  is 
unnecessary  to  dwell.  Miss  Hewins  is  fitted  by 
years  of  practical  experience  for  the  work,  and 
from  her  choice  there  will  be  few  dissenting 
voices.  She  has  included  a  number  of  the  more 
old-fashioned  favorites,  such  as  Miss  Edgeworth 
and  the  "  Rollo  "  books,  which  are  too  apt  to  be 
neglected  by  the  children  of  to-day,  and  the 
plentiful  allowance  of  fairy-tales  is  most  wel- 
come. In  the  selection  of  books  for  any  pur- 
pose no  two  persons  will  ever  wholly  agree,  and 
probably  every  one  who  looks  over  this  list 
could  regret  some  omission  or  suggest  an  ex- 
clusion. But  to  better  it  as  a  whole  would  not 
be  an  easy  task.  It  meets  adequately  a  special 
want,  and  it  should  prove  one  of  those  small 
library  "  necessaries  "  of  which  we  hardly  real- 
ize the  need  until  that  need  is  met. 

ILES,  George,  ed.  Annotated  bibliography  of 
fine  art :  painting,  sculpture,  architecture, 
arts  of  decoration  and  illustration,  by  Russell 
Sturgis;  music,  by  H:  E:  Krehbiel.  Boston, 
for  the  A.  L.  A.  Pub.  Section  by  the  Library 
Bureau,  1897.  (American  Library  Associa- 
tion annotated  lists),  3  1. ,  89  p.,  O.  pap. ,  50  c. ; 
cl.,  $i. 

Mr.  lies  is  fortunate  in  the  work  with  which 
his  series  begins.  He  has  set  a  high  standard 
which  subsequent  volumes  will  equal  with  dif- 
ficulty. In  this  volume  he  took  the  only  meth- 
od that  will  insure  success;  he  secured  the  ser- 
vices of  two  persons  thoroughly  competent  in 
their  respective  departments.  Indeed,  the  pos- 
sibility of  finding  such  annotators  must  deter- 
mine whether  any  subject  shall  be  included; for 
it  is  worse  that  work  of  this  kind  should  be  ill 
done  than  that  it  should  not  be  done  at  all. 

No  public  library  can  afford  to  neglect  art 
nowadays,  and  therefore  few  can  dispense  with 
this  list.  In  old  times  I  have  seen  more  than 
one  small  library  that  had  not  a  single  book  on 
art.  Probably  it  would  be  impossible  to  find  any 
such  now.  Everywhere  a  class  of  readers  inter- 
ested in  the  subject  is  springing  up,  a  state  of 
things  due  outside  of  the  large  cities  in  part  to 
European  travel,  but  in  greater  measure  to 
Harper's,  Century,  and  other  illustrated  maga- 
zines. This  new  hunger  must  be  supplied  with 
food.  With  the  present  bibliography  in  hand 
it  is  easy  to  provide  good  food.  It  would  not  be 
a  bad  thing  to  buy  every  one  of  the  works  men- 
tioned here;  but  that  is  beyond  the  ability  of 
most  libraries.  The  notes,  however,  though 
brief,  are  so  made  as  to  guide  buyers  to  the 
choice  of  those  works  that  will  suit  the  especial 
interest  of  each.  But  showing  on  what  works 
a  library  should  spend  its  first  money  is  not  all 
that  Mr.  Sturgis  has  done  for  the  librarian. 
His  notes  are  such  interesting  reading,  partly 
because  they  are  so  full  of  obiter  dicta,  that  one 
might  almost  form  from  them  for  oneself  a 
theory  of  art  study. 


212 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{April,  '97 


Mr.  Krehbiel's  notes  are  as  serviceable  as 
Mr.  Sturgis's,  but  they  are  less  discursive. 

Both  bibliographies  are  carefully  adjusted  to 
the  wants  of  the  non-professional  reader,  and 
yet  the  artist  and  the  musician  will  not  disdain 
their  assistance. 

The  index  is  excellent.  15  pages  of  index  to 
74  pp.  of  text  seems  a  large  allowance;  but  this 
extent  is  not  attained  by  padding;  the  work  is 
judiciously  planned  to  make  consultation  easy; 
and  though  it  might  perhaps  have  been  made  a 
little  shorter  by  abbreviating  words,  nothing 
else  could  be  be  left  out  without  loss. 

C:  A.  C. 


Cibrorg  (Economy  anb 


LOCAL. 

Bridgeport  (Ct.)  P.  L.  On  March  6  the  art 
department  of  the  library  was  opened  for  an 
exhibition  of  water-color  paintings,  pen  and  ink 
and  other  black  and  white  work,  being  the  third 
display  of  the  kind  that  has  been  shown  there. 
About  250  examples  of  the  work  of  many  well- 
known  artists  and  illustrators  were  exhibited. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  A.  The  first  annual 
meeting  of  the  association  was  held  on  March 
29,  at  the  home  of  the  president,  Mrs.  C:  O.  H. 
Craigie.  The  year's  report  was  read  by  Mrs. 
B:  F.  Stevens.  The  society  was  started  on 
Jan.  2.  1896,  with  nine  members.  On  March  19 
following  a  provisional  charter  was  granted  by 
the  regents  of  the  state  of  New  York,  the  char- 
ter members  numbering  10.  During  the  year 
there  have  been  eight  public  meetings  held  in 
private  houses,  12  business  meetings,  and  one 
meeting  at  the  Academy  of  Music  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  state  library  association  and  the 
New  York  Library  Club.  At  present  there  are 
97  members.  A  board  of  nine  directors  was 
appointed  by  the  mayor  on  Jan.  14,  and  a  bill 
increasing  the  number  to  21  is  now  pending  in 
Albany.  Several  hundred  books  have  been 
promised,  and  95  v.  were  collected  at  a  book 
reception  held  Feb.  2.  The  financial  statement 
showed  $99  received  and  $75.51  expended.  It 
was  decided  to  ask  the  public  by  means  of 
circular  letters  and  newspaper  notices,  to  con- 
tribute books  to  the  association;  and  a  formal 
protest  was  entered  against  the  proposed  duty 
on  books  in  the  pending  tariff  bill.  Mrs.  C:  O. 
H.  Craigie  was  re-elected  president,  Mrs.  B:F. 
Stevens  was  elected  secretary,  and  Mrs.  I:  H. 
Gary,  treasurer. 

Early  in  March  the  matter  of  a  site  was  dis- 
cussed by  members  of  the  association,  and  the 
mayor  has  designated  a  spacious  plot  on  the 
city  lands  next  Prospect  Park. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  On  March  23  the  di- 
rectors adopted  rules  and  regulations  for  the 
library  under  its  new  organization  as  a  free 
stitution.  J.  N.  Lamed  was  elected  super- 
intendent and  W.  P.  Reed  treasurer.  The 
resolutions  provide  that  the  library  shall  be 
open  all  week-days,  except  legal  holidays, 
from  9  a.m.  till  10  p.m.  for  eight  months  in 
the  year,  and  from  9  a.m.  to  9  p.m.  during 


the  four  months  June  to  September.  The  cir- 
culating department,  however,  need  not  be 
open  after  8  p.m.  in  these  four  months,  or 
after  9  p.m.  during  the  remainder  of  the  year. 
On  Sundays  and  holidays  the  library  shall  be 
open  for  reading-room  use  from  12  m.  until  10 
p.m.  The  two-book  system  will  be  used,  and 
extra  book  permits  wilf  be  issued  for  special 
study  purposes;  a  special  card  on  which  two 
extra  books  not  in  unusual  demand  may  be 
drawn  will  be  issued  on  payment  of  $3  per 
year,  or  10  cents  for  each  book. 

Burlington,  Vt.  Fletcher  F.  L.  (23d  rpt., 
1896.)  Added  624;  total  24,000.  Issued,  home 
use  52,829  (fict.  and  juv.  33,363);  no  statistics 
of  ref.  use  are  kept.  New  registration  938. 

The  circulation  shows  an  increase  of  4067  over 
the  previous  year,  with  a  larger  proportion  of 
juvenile  books. 

Chicago  (III.)  P.  L.  It  is  unlikely  that  the  en- 
tire new  building  will  be  ready  for  occupancy 
before  July,  although  several  of  the  rooms  on 
the  ground  floor  are  already  in  use  for  the  less 
used  departments,  as  patent  reports,  public 
documents,  etc.  There  is  still  considerable 
marble-work  to  be  completed,  the  furniture  and 
fixtures  are  not  yet  in  place,  and  in  all  about 
$400,000  worth  of  work  is  yet  to  be  done.  The 
article  published  some  weeks  since  in  a  Chicago 
daily,  describing  the  new  building  and  its  deco- 
rations, was,  Mr.  Hild  writes,  quite  inaccurate 
and  unauthorized  by  the  library  authorities. 

Des  Moines  (la.)  P.  L.  The  following  state- 
ment sums  up  concisely  the  legal  complications 
in  which  the  library  has  been  involved  since  the 
autumn  of  1896  :  In  September,  1896,  an  injunc- 
tion suit  was  brought  against  the  library  trustees 
to  prevent  the  collection  of  a  special  three-mill 
tax  for  a  building  fund.  This  tax  was  levied  a 
year  and  a  half  ago  by  the  city  council,  and  the 
injunction  suit  was  brought  by  a  few  citizens 
upon  the  ground  that  the  council  had  no  right 
to  make  such  a  levy  unless  an  indebtedness 
had  previously  been  created  which  the  income 
from  this  levy  should  cancel,  and  that  was  not 
the  case  in  this  instance.  At  the  time  this  levy 
was  made  there  was,  so  far  as  the  trustees 
knew,  no  objection  to  it,  so  in  the  summer  of 
1896  another  levy  of  three  mills  for  a  building 
fund  was  made,  under  the  law  passed  in  that 
year  permitting  library  trustees  to  fix  the 
amount,  instead  of  the  city  council.  At  the 
same  time  the  usual  tax  of  one  mill  for  main- 
tenance was  asked  for.  It  was  after  this  ac- 
tion, taken  in  August,  that  the  injunction  suit 
was  brought,  and  closely  following  this  the 
city  council  refused  to  make  the  building  levy 
which  had  been  asked  for,  and  also  cut  down 
the  tax  for  maintenance  to  %  mill,  the  income 
from  which  will  not  pay  the  current  expenses 
of  the  library.  The  trustees,  after  an  unsuc- 
cessful attempt  to  compromise  the  matter  by 
reducing  the  building  levy  to  one  mill,  brought 
a  mandamus  suit  against  the  council,  which 
has  been  decided  against  the  library  in  the 
lower  court.  This  courthad  previously  decided 
the  injunction  suit  against  the  library,  but  at 
the  time  the  decision  was  rendered  in  the  man- 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


213 


damus  case  the  judge  reversed  his  decision  in 
the  injunction  case,  deciding  that  the  library 
should  be  allowed  to  collect  the  building  tax. 
Both  cases  have  been  appealed  to  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  are  to  be  tried  at  the  May  term,  so 
that  the  outcome  of  the  maiter  is  still  uncer- 
tain, although  there  seems  to  be  good  reason 
to  believe  that  the  final  decision  will  be  in  favor 
of  the  right  of  the  trustees  to  levy  the  tax. 

Detroit  (Mich.)  P.  L.  (32d  rpt.,  1896.)  Add- 
ed 7143;  total  146,503.  Issued,  home  use  463,- 
915  (net.  53.58  %,  juv.  20.39  $).  °f  which  93,744 
were  issued  from  the  schools;  lib.  use  427,214; 
use  of  unbound  periodicals  185,658.  New  regis- 
tration 6462;  total  cards  in  use  28,625  (popula- 
tion of  city  238,264).  Receipts  $80,452.65;  ex- 
penses $71,278.42. 

' '  During  the  year  5884  v.  were  bound  by  con- 
tract in  outside  binderies  at  a  cost  of  $3148.80, 
an  average  of  a  little  over  53  cents  per  v.  The 
library  bindery  was  maintained  at  a  cost  of 
$1123.85,  for  the  repair  of  books  and  pasting  of 
labels,  etc.  In  this  shop  11,680  books  were  re- 
paired, 1450  books  were  resewed  and  recased, 
besides  other  work  done." 

Mr.  Utley  devotes  the  greater  part  of  his  in- 
teresting report  to  an  account  of  the  work  done 
in  supplying  books  to  the  various  schools  of 
the  city,  and  in  directing,  so  far  as  possible,  the 
school-children  to  good  reading.  As  the  same 
subject  is  presented  by  him  elsewhere  in  this 
issue  a  summary  is  unnecessary  here;  but  the 
methods  and  results  described  in  this  report 
should  be  studied  by  librarians  who  desire  to 
work  toward  a  similar  co-operation  between 
library  and  school.  The  children's  room,  pro- 
vided for  in  the  enlargement  of  the  building, 
and  opened  May  28,  has  proved  most  popular; 
it  is  estimated  that  42,270  books  were  used 
here  during  the  seven  months  it  was  open,  but 
as  access  to  the  shelves  is  allowed,  accurate 
statistics  are  impracticable. 

"A  new  departure  was  taken  late  in  the  year  in 
placing  upon  the  shelves  some  70  volumes  of 
books  printed  in  Braille  type  for  the  use  of  the 
blind.  The  matter  was  first  agitated  in  the 
newspapers  and  appeared  to  strike  a  popular 
chord  at  once.  Several  blind  persons  who  had 
small  libraries  of  their  own  volunteered  to  pre- 
sent a  number  of  books  to  the  library  for  the 
benefit  of  their  blind  friends.  These  with  the 
books  bought  by  the  commission  form  quite  a 
collection,  which  is  already  bring  great  joy  and 
comfort  to  a  dozen  or  more  of  those  who  are 
shut  out  from  all  the  privileges  which  sight 
affords." 

The  library  now  possesses  a  medical  library 
of  about  3000  v.,  the  nucleus  of  which  was 
the  collection  of  the  Detroit  Medical  Li- 
brary Association,  transferred  to  the  care  of 
the  public  library.  It  is  proposed  to  make  a 
thorough  and  complete  analytical  subject  card 
catalog  of  this  collection. 

Dover  (N.  Jf.)  P.  L.  (i4th  rpt.,  1896.)  Add 
ed  1127  ;  total  21,762.  Issued,  home  and 
school  use  71,362  (fict.  and  juv.  68  %,  as  against 
71  %  in  1895)  ;  visitors  to  reading-room  21,498  ; 


no  record  of  ref.  use  is  kept.  Receipts  $3637.- 
18  ;  expenses  $3623.71. 

The  decrease  in  the  circulation  of  fiction  and 
juveniles, Miss  Garland  says,  "is  not  because 
people  read  less  fiction,  but  because  they  read 
more  non-fiction.  It  is  probably  due  to  two 
causes  :  one  is  the  large  use  of  students'  cards 
in  the  hands  of  school-children,  and  the  number 
of  good  books  used  by  the  teachers  in  the 
schools,  and  the  other  is  the  constantly  in- 
creasing use  of  magazines  for  home  reading." 
Magazines,  indeed,  constitute  nine  per  cent,  of 
the  whole  circulation.  During  the  year  an  ex- 
hibition of  amateur  photography  was  held,  which 
was  visited  by  about  1000  persons.  "Another 
forward  movement  is  the  increasing  general 
access  to  the  shelves.  This  has  come  about 
gradually  and  quietly.  It  began  by  letting 
well-known  persons  who  were  looking  up 
special  subjects  go  directly  to  the  shelf  to 
make  their  own  selections.  From  this  it  was 
an  easy  step  to  letting  persons  interested  in 
one  author,  keep  an  account  of  what  was  in  by 
that  author.  There  is  hardly  any  privilege 
more  highly  prized  than  that  of  the  actual 
handling  of  books.  The  only  reason  that  it 
may  not  freely  obtain  is  the  possibility  of  loss. 
The  experience  of  those  libraries  that  admit 
freely  to  the  shelf,  however,  goes  to  show  that 
people  generally  may  be  safely  trusted  not  to 
abuse  a  desired  privilege.  The  librarian  would 
be  glad  to  make  this  custom  more  general  than 
it  is  at  present,  and  to  allow  any  one  who 
would  like,  by  simply  asking  permission  at 
the  desk,  to  go  to  the  shelf  to  select  his 
books." 

The  privilege  of  borrowing  special  books 
from  the  state  library,  express  charges  being 
paid  by  the  borrower,  has  been  frequently  used 
and  is  generally  appreciated. 

Ellington  (Ct.)  F.  L.  The  library  was  opened 
on  March  17,  with  about  1000  v.  on  the  shelves  ; 
it  occupies  a  room  in  the  home  of  Miss  Lizzie 
Kibbe,  who  acts  as  librarian,  and  is  open  on 
Wednesdays  and  Saturdays  of  each  week. 

Evanston  (III.)  P.  L.  Within  the  past  few 
weeks  much  annoyance  has  been  caused  by 
the  mutilation  of  library  books.  Among  the 
acts  of  vandalism  reported  was  the  cutting 
out  of  the  map  of  California  from  one  of  the 
large  Rand  &  McNally  atlases,  and  the  removal 
of  the  valuable  5o-p.  bibliography  from  Ely's 
"  Socialism  and  social  reform."  Another  book 
was  deliberately  burned  through  a  dozen  or 
more  pages  with  some  red-hot  sharp-pointed 
iron  instrument.  None  of  the  vandals  have 
been  discovered,  but  the  city  council  has 
passed  an  ordinance  imposing  a  fine  of  not  less 
than  $5  or  more  than  $50  on  any  one  who 
may  disfigure  or  mutilate  a  library  book.  It 
has  also  passed  an  ordinance  with  regard  to 
the  persistent  keeping  of  books  against  the 
rules  of  the  library  by  which  a  fine  of  not  less 
than  $i  nor  more  than  $10  is  imposed  on  any 
-borrower  who  ignores  the  "overdue"  notice 
sent  ont  by  the  librarian  ;  the  usual  fine  of  two 
cents  per  day  for  overtime  detention  of  a  book 
has  always  been  imposed. 


214 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


Illinois,  lib,  legislation  in.  On  March  12  a 
bill  providing  for  the  establishment  of  a  state 
library  commission  was  introduced  into  the 
state  senate  by  Senator  Stubblefield  and  into 
the  house  by  Representative  Rowe.  It  pro- 
vides for  the  appointment,  on  July  I,  by  the 
governor,  of  five  commissioners  who  shall  serve 
without  compensation,  one  for  five  years,  one 
for  four  years,  one  for  three  years,  one  for  two 
years,  and  one  for  one  year  ;  and  thereafter 
the  terms  of  office  shall  be  for  five  years,  or  until 
their  successors  have  been  appointed  and  quali- 
fied ;  all  vacancies  shall  be  filled  by  appoint- 
ment by  the  governor.  The  sum  of  $1000 
shall  be  annually  appropriated  for  travelling  ex- 
penses, and  the  board  shall  give  advice  and 
counsel  to  libraries  in  the  state  as  to  details  of 
management,  etc.,  and  shall  aid  in  the  establish- 
ment of  new  libraries  and  the  improvement 
of  those  already  existing.  The  bill  is  strong- 
ly backed  by  the  state  library  association, 
and  has  the  support  of  the  state  teachers' 
association. 

Indiana,  lib.  billdefeated.  The  bill  introduced 
into  the  state  legislature  by  Senator  McCord, 
providing  for  a  "  state  library  system  in  con- 
nection with  the  schools  of  the  state,  "and  noted 
in  the  L.  J.  for  February  (p.  106),  was  defeated 
in  the  house  on  March  I  by  a  vote  of  41  noes 
to  39  ayes.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  no  attempt 
to  revive  the  measure  will  be  made,  but  that  a 
bill  more  in  accord  with  best  methods  of  library 
legislation  may  be  prepared  and  introduced  in 
the  near  future. 

Indiana  State  L.,  Indianapolis.  (Biennial  rpt. 
—  Oct.  i,  '94-Oct.  i,  '96.)  Added  1533  v.,  520 
pm.  ;  total  not  given.  Newspaper  readers  in 
reading-room  7352;  v.  used  in  reading-room 
6954.  Mrs.  Davidson  says  that  the  number  of 
requests  for  information  received  at  the  library 
from  colleges  and  clubs  of  the  state  would 
seem  to  indicate  the  desirability  of  a  system  of 
travelling  libraries. 

Jersey  City  (W.  /.)  P.  P.  L.  (6th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Nov.  30,  '96.)  Added  4460;  total"  about 
51,000  v.";  bound  and  rebound  8949  v.,  of 
which  7901  were  bound  in  the  library.  Issued, 
home  use  402,450  (fict.  55-32  %,  juv.  fict.  25.82  #), 
of  which  232,174  were  issued  through  the  deliv- 
ery stations;  ref.  use  35,  391;  visitors  to  reading- 
room  100,648.  New  registration  3302;  total  bor- 
rowers 29,962.  Receipts  $55,084.96;  expenses 


Miss  Burdick  says:  "  That  the  reading  pub- 
lic of  Jersey  City  appreciates  its  privileges,  is 
shown  in  the  high  rate  of  the  circulation  per 
capita,  nearly  2^  v.  having  been  loaned  for 
every  man,  woman,  and  child  of  the  communi- 
ty." The  record  for  the  year  is  an  excellent 
one,  showing  a  constant  and  steady  increase  in 
the  reference  use  of  the  library  and  in  the 
work  done  by  it  for  the  school-children.  "  The 
one  crying  need  at  present  is  for  more  room." 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  P.  L.  dsth  rpt.  —  year 
ending  June  30,  '96  ;  in  annual  rpt.  of  public 
schools,  p.  225-233.)  Added  2019  ;  total  no 


given.    Issued  62, 299  (fict.  22,884,  juv.  29,329); 
reading-room  use  129,356. 

"  The  past  year  has  been  an  unusually  busy 
one.  In  view  of  the  removal  into  the  new 
building,  special  efforts  have  been  made  to  im- 
prove the  facilities  of  the  various  departments." 
For  eight  years  the  library  has  had  a  chileren's 
room,  and  special  attention  has  been  given  to 
the  establishment  of  this  department  in  the 
new  building.  "  For  the  '  art-room  '  a  complete 
'  art  catalog  '  has  been  made.  Not  alone  are  all 
his  works  given  under  an  artist's  name,  but 
each  picture  is  cataloged  under  its  title,  to 
make  it  expedient  to  find  art  subjects.  All  art 
books  and  art  magazines  in  the  library  are  in- 
dexed in  this  catalog." 

Kenosha  (  Wis.)  P.  L.  On  March  14  the  libra- 
ry completed  its  first  year  of  work.  During 
that  time  20,962  v.  were  issued,  and  the  growth 
in  the  use  and  circulation  of  books  has  been 
constant. 

Lancaster  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (34th  rpt.,  1896- 
1897.)  Added  788;  total  26,943.  Issued,  home 
use  14,322  (fict.  and  juv.  57  %).  There  were 
1521  v.  issued  for  school  use.  New  registration 
125;  total  registration  1772.  Receipts  and  ex- 
penses $1720.21. 

A  collection  of  350  American  posters  were  on 
exhibition  in  the  library  for  a  fortnight  in  Sep- 
tember, and  attracted  many  visitors.  Append- 
ed to  the  report  is  a  "catalog  of  books  added 
to  the  library  since  March  i,  1896." 

Leadville,  Colo.  At  a  public  meeting  held 
March  12  the  Leadville  Public  Library  Associa- 
tion was  organized  and  a  constitution  adopted. 
The  membership  fee  was  placed  at  $3  yearly. 

Lticester  (Mass.)  P.  L.  At  a  meeting  of  the 
trustees  held  on  March  8  it  was  decided  that 
the  library  should  be  opened  on  Sunday  after- 
noon for  reading-room  use  only,  from  three  to 
five  o'clock. 

Maryland  State  L.,  Annapolis.  Early  in  March 
work  on  cataloging  the  library  began.  Miss 
Fornance,  a  graduate  of  the  Drexel  Institute 
library  class,  has  been  engaged  for  the  work, 
which  is  being  done  according  to  the  Dewey 
classification. 

Massachusetts  State  L.,  Boston.  The  Scientific 
American,  Building  edition,  of  February,  gives 
two  pages  of  illustrations  and  a  column  and  a 
half  of  text,  describing  "  the  new  Massachu- 
setts State  Library  building  at  Boston." 

Menomonie,  Wis,  The  librarians  and  officers 
of  the  Stout  Free  Travelling  Libraries  held  their 
second  conference  at  Menomonie  on  March 
22.  Owing  to  the  floods  and  the  almost  im- 
passable roads  only  representatives  of  the 
travelling  library  stations  in  the  central  part  of 
the  country  were  present,  but  the  meeting  was 
quite  successful,  and  proved  again  the  hold 
upon  the  affections  of  the  people  which  these 
libraries  have  gained.  Among  the  subjects 
presented  were  the  best  literature  for  children's 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


reading,  the  value  of  books  on  games,  sports, 
etc.,  the  usefulness  of  travelling  pictures,  and 
means  of  administration  of  travelling  libraries. 
Senator  Stout,  F.  A.  Hutchins,  Miss  Stella 
Lucas,  Prof.  F.  W.  Kendall,  and  Mrs.  J.  E. 
Hoyt  were  among  the  speakers. 

Minnesota  lib.  commission  bill.  The  library 
commission  bill  which  it  was  thought  had  been 
killed  by  the  legislature  on  Feb.  18  (see  L,  j., 
March,  p.  157)  came  to  life  again  on  March  15, 
when  it  was  taken  up  for  reconsideration  by 
the  house,  and  after  an  animated  debate  was 
recommended  to  pass.  A  number  of  represen- 
tatives who  had  voted  against  the  bill  stated 
that  they  were  now  in  sympathy  with  its  pur- 
pose, though  Ignatius  Donnelly  still  remained 
a  strong  opponent.  A  motion  to  indefinitely 
postpone  it  was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  25  to  44. 
The  final  disposal  of  the  bill  came  up  on  the 
following  day,  and  unfortunately  it  failed  of 
passage  by  just  two  votes.  The  vote  stood  56 
ayes  to  49  noes,  and  the  defeat  is  charged 
rather  to  absentees  than  to  those  who  voted 
against  it.  The  result,  after  the  amount  of 
hard  and  unremitting  work  that  has  been  given 
to  the  bill  by  members  of  the  state  library  as- 
sociation and  others  interested,  is  much  to  be 
regretted. 

Missouri,  lib.  legislation  in.  On  March  18 
Gov.  Stephens  signed  the  bill  introduced  by 
Senator  Mott,  authorizing  cities,  towns,  and 
villages  to  levy  a  tax  for  the  erection  of  library 
buildings.  The  law  provides  that  100  taxpay- 
ing  voters  can  petition  for  an  increased  tax 
levy  not  to  exceed  one  and  one-half  mills  on  the 
dollar  annually  to  erect  a  public  library  build- 
ing. The  matter  must  then  be  submitted  to 
vote  at  the  next  regular  municipal  election,  and 
two-thirds  majority  will  carry  the  proposition; 
the  law  applies  to  all  cities  of  over  10,000  peo- 
ple, and  was  introduced  especially  in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library. 

New  Bedford  (Mass.)  P.  L.  On  March  9 
Librarian  Pennock  gave  an  hour's  instruction 
to  the  physiography  class  of  the  high  school  on 
"How  to  use  the  public  library."  The  talk 
was  given  at  the  request  of  the  teacher  of  the 
class. 

New  Hampshire  State  L.,  Concord.  (Biennial 
rpt.  —  Oct.  i,'94-May3i,'g6.)  "The  new  books 
coming  into  the  library  have  naturally  increased 
during  the  past  two  years,  until  at  the  present 
time  they  average  nearly  500  v.  per  month.  Of 
these  accessions,  almost  two-thirds  come  by  way 
of  gift.  A  little  less  than  one-fifth  of  them  are 
law-books,  and  the  balance  are  of  a  miscellane- 
ous nature." 

The  reports  of  the  trustees  and  of  Librarian 
Chase  are  extremely  interesting  and  suggestive 
of  what  may  be  done  in  developing  a  state 
library  into  an  educational  force  in  the  state. 
The  chief  event  of  the  period  was  the  establish- 
ment of  the  library  in  its  fine  new  building  in 
January,  1895,  and  the  additional  space  and 
facilities  thus  afforded  have  largely  helped  in 
the  development  of  its  work.  In  Mr.  Chase's 


brief  record  of  the  progress  of  the  two  years, 
the  account  of  the  system  of  loaning  books 
from  the  miscellaneous  collection  to  persons 
throughout  the  state  is  especially  interesting. 
Appended  to  the  report  is  a  reprint  of  Mr.  G. 
M.  Jones's  paper  on  "Libraries  of  local  his- 
tory." 

N'-w  Orleans,  La.  Fisk  F.  and  P.  L.  On 
March  23  a  conference  was  held  at  the  library 
between  the  library  authorities,  the  governor, 
and  the  secretary  of  state,  regarding  the 
transfer  to  the  public  library  of  the  miscella- 
neous books  contained  in  the  state  and  law  li- 
braries, and  it  was  decided  that  the  books 
should  be  put  in  charge  of  the  public  library 
until  definite  action  on  the  matter  can  be  had 
from  the  legislature.  The  transfer  will  be 
made  as  soon  as  shelving  is  provided.  The 
circulating  department  of  the  library  was 
opened  on  March  17,  and  113  cards  were  issued 
within  the  first  three  days. 

Northampton,  Mass.  Forbes  L.  (Year  ending 
Nov.  i,  '96.)  Added  13,174,  of  which  12,803 
were  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $14,834.63,  or  $1.16 
per  v. ;  total  44,201.  Issued,  home  use  40,675 
(Eng.  fict.  .602  %) ;  lib.  use  ("reserved  "  books 
only)  7729.  No  account  is  kept  of  general  ref- 
erence use  or  of  v.  consulted  by  persons  admitted 
to  shelves.  New  registration  1206  ;  total  regis- 
tration 2518. 

An  interesting  and  suggestive  report,  from 
which  quotation  within  necessary  limits  is  dif- 
ficult ;  it  should  be  read  as  a  whole  by  all 
librarians.  The  library  has  now  passed  from 
the  period  of  organization  into  that  of  admin- 
istration along  lines  already  laid  out.  The 
circulation  for  the  year  Mr.  Cutter  makes  the 
subject  of  an  interesting  and  novel  comparative 
analysis.  "Northampton,"  he  says,  "is  the 
only  city,  as  far  as  I  know,  that  owns  two  en- 
tirely independent  free  public  libraries.  This 
ought  to  be  taken  into  account  in  estimating 
their  work.  The  circulation  of  the  library 
having  the  least  circulation  is  large,  nearly  up 
to  the  average  ;  the  circulation  of  the  two  com- 
bined is  unusual.  From  the  reports  of  18 
Massachusetts  towns  and  cities  with  popula- 
tions ranging  from  3239  to  98,767,  and  circula- 
tions from  8954  to  263,945, 1  find  that  the  annual 
issue  of  books  varies  from  one-half  v.  (.54)  per 
year  for  each  inhabitant  to  six  (5.95),  the  aver- 
age being  2.95.  In  Northampton  the  Forbes 
Library  alone  issues  2.72,  and  the  public  li- 
braries together  6.22.  A  comparison  with  20 
libraries  outside  of  the  state  gives  even  more 
remarkable  results.  In  eight  cities  in  18  states, 
with  populations  ranging  from  44,126  to  434,- 
439,  and  circulations  from  70,429  to  587.799, 
the  issue  runs  from  .58  to  2.87,  the  average 
being  1.56,  about  one-quarter  of  ours.  Judg- 
ing by  the  number  of  books  borrowed,  then, 
Northampton  may  be  proud  of  its  record  as  a 
reading  city." 

The  cataloging  work  of  the  library  is  much 
hampered  by  the  lack  of  sufficient  force,  and 
the  library  staff,  in  default  of  a  complete 
catalog,  must  to  a  considerable  extent  "per- 


2ib 


[April,  '97 


sonally  conduct"  the  public  —  a  necessity  that 
has  its  advantages  as  well  as  its  difficulties. 
Of  the  13,000  accessions  of  1896  but  4000  have 
been  cataloged,  nor  will  it  be  possible  to  catch 
up  on  that  work  until  one  or  more  persons  are 
added  to  the  present  force.  There  are  now 
five  regular  and  four  pupil-assistants  on  the 
library  staff,  the  latter  giving  their  services  for 
the  sake  of  the  training  received  ;  but  a  larger 
force  is  imperatively  needed  to  develop  fully 
the  possibilities  of  the  library. 

Perhaps  the  most  striking  feature  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  library  is  the  lavish  supply 
of  extra  books  that  may  be  drawn  by  borrow- 
ers. Besides  the  issue  of  fiction  and  non-fiction 
"  pockets"  (not  cards,  for  the  Browne  charging 
system  is  employed),  readers  may  have  six 
special  pockets  classified  as  follows  :  French, 
German,  long  (i.e.,  on  which  a  book  may  be 
kept  out  over  two  weeks),  magazine,  vacation, 
and  "extra."  The  latter  class  may  be  used 
only  for  study  purposes  and  comprises  in  itself 
a  set  of  six  pockets.  During  the  year  1376  of 
these  special  pockets  have  been  issued. 

Mr.  Cutter  describes  the  photographic  and 
other  art  exhibitions  that  have  been  held  at 
the  library  and  have  proved  most  successful ; 
also  the  beginning  of  a  music  collection,  which, 
if  well  received,  will  probably  be  developed 
and  extended.  A  list  of  the  more  notable  art 
books  purchased  in  1896  is  appended  to  the 
report. 

Ohio  State  L.,  Columbus.  (5ist  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Nov.  15,  '96.)  This  is  the  first  report  of 
the  board  of  library  commissioners,  and  is  also 
the  first  statement  of  the  work  planned  and 
accomplished  since  the  organization  of  the  li- 
brary under  the  law  of  1896.  The  cleaning  of 
the  books  and  shelving,  the  rearrangement  and 
numbering  of  the  government  publications,  and 
the  classification  of  the  general  library  were 
among  the  first  tasks  undertaken  and  carried 
through  successfully. 

"  By  actual  count  of  the  volumes  in  the  li- 
brary, there  has  been  found  a  total  of  47,115," 
not  including  duplicate  volumes  accessioned 
and  pamphlets  unbound.  No  record  of  any 
previous  count  or  inventory  has  been  found  by 
the  commissioners,  and  the  accession  catalog  of 
the  library  shows  a  total  of  70,122  books  and 
pamphlets.  The  discrepancy  between  the  num- 
ber in  the  accession  list  and  the  number  act- 
ually on  the  shelves  "  may  be  accounted  for  in 
pamphlets  numbered,  and  books  lost,  missing, 
or  worn  out.  of  which  no  account  has  been 
made."  The  library,  at  present,  is  deficient  in 
many  lines,  notably  in  American  history  and 
political  and  social  science,  and  the  commis- 
sioners intend  "  to  complete  the  work  already 
begun,  to  add,  as  appropriations  will  admit,  to 
the  departments  of  history  and  science,  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  exchanges,  to  aid,  within 
the  limits  of  the  law,  other  libraries  throughout 
Ohio,  and  gradually  to  extend  the  privileges  of 
the  state  library  to  the  end  that  it  may  be  in 
fact  as  well  as  in  name  a  state  institution." 
The  librarian's  report  is  interesting,  summariz- 
ing the  various  new  departures  in  the  library 


administration  of  the  past  year.  Books  may 
be  drawn  from  the  state  library  by  any  citizen 
of  the  state,  under  simple  regulation,  and  the 
use  of  this  privilege  is  increasing  ;  travelling 
libraries  are  also  provided  for,  and  a  few  have 
already  been  sent  out,  though  lack  of  adequate 
appropriation  limits  work  in  this  wide  field. 

Mr.  Galbreath  urges  the  need  of  meeting  the 
increased  demand  for  Ohio  state  publications, 
by  legal  provision  for  their  proper  distribution 
—  which,  curiously  enough,  seems  never  to 
have  been  authorized  by  law.  A  check  list 
of  state  publications  is  already  in  preparation 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Hayes,  and  it  is 
hoped  that  a  complete  catalog  of  the  library 
may  soon  be  undertaken.  The  appendixes  to 
the  report  include  a  list  of  accessions  for  the 
year,  a  list  of  the  bound  v.  of  newspapers  in 
the  library,  the  state  library  laws,  a  collection 
of  "interesting  opinions  in  regard  to  libraries 
and  library  work,"  and  the  address  on  "  A  vil- 
lage library  successfully  managed,"  made  at 
the  Cleveland  conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.  by 
James  R.  Garfield. 

Parkersburg  (W.  Va.~)  City  P.  L.  On  March 
9  the  city  council  decided  that  the  library 
should  be  permitted  to  occupy  a  room  in  the 
new  city  hall,  should  be  furnished  gratis  with 
light,  heat,  and  janitor  service,  and  should  be 
allowed  an  appropriation  of  $500  yearly  when 
free  public  use  of  books  is  permitted  by  the  as- 
sociation. 

Philadelphia  F.  L.  (ist  rpt.)  In  this  report, 
which  is  dated  October,  1896,  but  was  published 
in  March,  '97,  Mr.  Thomson  gives  in  lucid  and 
concise  form  the  history  of  the  free  library 
movement  in  Philadelphia,  beginning  with  the 
first  state  legislation  on  the  subject  in  1887. 
The  report  is  not  statistical,  but  is  a  descrip- 
tive presentment  of  what  is  probably  the  most 
remarkable  instance  of  library  development  on 
record.  The  work  done  in  Philadelphia,  in- 
deed, is  astonishing,  not  only  for  the  marvel- 
lous rapidity  of  its  growth,  but  for  the  various 
features  that  have  been  an  integral  part  of  it 
from  the  beginning  —  notably  the  system  of 
free  access,  adopted  in  its  entirety,  and  the  use 
of  a  large  number  of  branch  libraries.  Nor 
did  the  Philadelphia  library  system  start  work 
as  a  compact  whole,  under  the  most  favorable 
auspices;  it  was  not  until  January,  1896,  that 
the  ordinance  went  into  effect  whereby  the  li- 
braries maintained  by  the  board  of  education 
and  that  established,  as  the  Free  Library  of 
Philadelphia,  under  the  Pepper  bequest,  were 
consolidated  as  a  single  organized,  yet  elastic, 
institution.  When  one  reflects  that  the  first 
free  library  established  by  the  board  of  educa- 
tion, and  now  known  as  the  Wagner  Institute 
branch,  was  opened  to  the  public  in  October, 
1892,  and  that  by  October,  1896,  2,916,852  v. 
had  been  circulated  for  home  reading  through 
nine  libraries,  one  realizes  in  part  the  full  scope 
of  what  has  been  accomplished.  During  the 
year  ending  September  30,  1896,  1,293,004  v. 
have  been  issued  for  home  use.  The  library 
system  now  comprises  the  central  library  and 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


eight  branches,  of  which  six  were  established 
before  the  consolidation  by  the  board  of  educa- 
tion. There  is  also  in  operation  a  system  of 
city  travelling  libraries,  which  are  sent,  on  ap- 
plication, to  distant  sections  of  the  city,  to  the 
fire  departments  and  the  telegraph  offices,  and 
which  bring  the  library  to  many  who  would 
never  otherwise  come  within  its  influence.  The 
work  of  which  the  outlines  are  here  but  touched 
upon  has  been  accomplished  only  by  persistent 
devotion  and  enthusiasm;  it  has  not  been  lav- 
ishly aided  by  money  nor  has  it  been  widely 
exploited.  Yet  its  resources  have  grown  with 
its  needs.  The  treasurer's  report  from  Jan- 
uary, 1896  (when  the  consolidation  went  into 
effect),  to  Sept.  30  of  the  same  year,  shows  re- 
ceipts of  $76,407.35,  and  expenses  of  $70,023.46, 
of  which  $25,428  07  were  spent  for  books;  and 
by  the  ordinance  of  July  16,  1896,  the  city  is  au- 
thorized to  borrow  $1,000,000  for  a  library  site 
and  building.  With  this  prospect  before  it, 
and  the  record  of  what  has  already  been  done 
behind  it,  he  would  be  a  bold  prophet  who  ven- 
tured to  limit  the  future  possibilities  of  the 
Free  Library  of  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Thomson's 
report  should  go  on  record  as  one  of  the  most 
encouraging  and  inspiring  library  documents 
of  recent  years. 

Plainfield  (N.  J,)  P.  L.  The  directors  have 
asked  the  city  council  for  an  appropriation  of 
$3500  for  the  maintenance  of  the  library  during 
1897.  They  have  also  presented  a  petition  re- 
questing that  the  sum  of  $14,000  be  granted 
for  the  erection  of  a  fire-proof  addition  to  the 
library  building  in  which  to  house  the  scientific 
library  bequeathed  by  the  late  George  H.  Bab- 
cock,  and  which  by  the  terms  of  the  bequest  is 
to  be  kept  separate  from  the  library  proper. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.  The  passage  on  March 
18  of  the  bill  authorizing  a  tax  levy  for  the 
erection  of  a  public  library  building  in  cities  of 
over  10,000  inhabitants,  on  a  two-thirds  ma- 
jority vote  at  city  elections,  was  the  signal 
for  a  vigorous  and  effective  campaign  on  the 
part  of  the  library  authorities  to  obtain  a  favor- 
able vote  on  the  matter  at  the  city  election  on 
April  6.  Nothing  was  left  undone  in  the  way 
of  notices,  circulars,  and  newspaper  notes  to 
call  the  attention  of  people  to  the  matter  and  to 
secure  a  representative  vote.  Unfortunately, 
the  time  and  hard  work  devoted  to  urging  the 
importance  of  the  measure  has  proved  ineffec- 
tive. The  total  vote  cast  on  the  proposition 
was  54,956  for,  and  19,535  against,  which, 
while  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  entire  vote 
on  the  matter  was  considerably  less  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  total  vote  cast  for  mayor,  which 
was  over  90,000,  and  though  it  was  at  first 
thought  that  the  majority  might  be  construed 
to  cover  only  those  voting  on  the  specific  meas- 
ure, it  was  finally  decided  on  April  8  that  there 
was  no  question  of  the  defeat  of  the  library  levy. 

Somerville  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (24th  rpt.,  1896.) 
Added  5016  ;  total  33,826.  Issued,  home  use 
148,193,  of  which  14,644  were  delivered  through 
the  two  agencies  and  8939  to  the  grammar 
schools.  This  circulation  is  a  gain  of  40  %  over 


any  preceding  year.  Receipts  $11,016.96  ;  ex- 
penses $11,006.75. 

Mr.  Hayes  emphasizes  the  need  of  a  card 
catalog,  and  the  desirability  of  extending  ref- 
erence work  as  far  as  practicable,  as  also  of 
strengthening  the  co-operation  between  the  li- 
brary and  schools. 

"In  several  sections  of  the  city  a  neatly- 
framed  and  attractive  notice,  bearing  a  good 
picture  of  this  library  building,  headed  :  '  The 
Public  Library  is  the  People's  University,'  has 
been  set  in  a  conspicuous  place,  calling  atten- 
tion to  the  library  and  giving  the  hours  it  is 
open  to  the  public.  A  finding  list  in  many  in- 
stances is  kept  near  the  notice  and  is  open  for 
consultation  at  any  time." 

Southport,  Ct.  Pequot  L.  A  description  of 
the  Pequot  Library  building,  with  illustrations 
and  plans,  is  given  in  the  Scientific  American, 
Building  edition,  for  April,  p.  57  -  58. 

Tennessee,  lib.  legislation  in.  On  March  26 
the  house  bill  authorizing  towns  or  cities  of 
less  than  10,000  population  to  levy  a  tax  for 
the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  public 
libraries  came  up  for  a  third  reading  in  the 
senate,  recommended  for  passage,  with  a 
committee  amendment  making  the  provisions 
of  the  bill  applicable  to  cities  of  20,000  or  less. 
The  amendment  was  adopted,  as  was  another 
amendment  providing  for  the  establishment  of 
school  libraries,  and  the  bill  passed. 

University  of  Colorado  L. ,  Boulder.  (In  Univ. 
catalog,  1896-97.)  "The  librarian  offers  all 
new  students  of  every  department  instruction 
in  the  use  of  the  library,  which  enriches  and 
facilitates  the  mastery  of  the  other  regular 
work  of  the  curriculum.  He  gives  familiar 
talks  and  practical  drill  under  personal  super- 
vision, in  the  details  of  the  use  and  purpose  of 
classification,  shelving,  catalogs,  indices, manu- 
als, books  of  reference,  and  bibliography." 

Waterto-wn  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  (29th  rpt.,  1896.) 
Added  464;  total  23,816.  Issued,  home  use 
33.643;  lib.  use  5516.  New  registration  269; 
total  registration  7310.  Receipts  $3824.29;  ex- 
penses $3804.67. 

The  reading-room  use  has  exceeded  that  of 
any  previous  year,  and  Mr.  Whitney  suggests 
that  several  more  cases  for  books  and  periodi- 
cals be  added  to  its  equipment.  During  the 
year  a  complete  fiction  list  was  published,  and 
its  preparation  was  made  the  occasion  for  a 
much-needed  rearrangement  of  the  books  in 
this  department.  The  publication  of  a  com- 
plete catalog  of  all  classes  in  the  library  is 
much  needed,  and  if  the  use  made  of  the  fic- 
tion list  is  sufficiently  encouraging  such  a  work 
may  be  undertaken.  The  need  of  a  children's 
room,  a  room  for  historical  collections,  and  a 
meeting-room  for  the  trustees  is  presented,  and 
space  is  given  to  a  discussion  of  the  best  means 
of  meeting  the  pressing  need  of  more  shelf 
room,  of  which  the  most  satisfactory  would  be 
the  installation  of  a  two-story  iron  stack.  Ap- 
pended to  the  report  is  a  finding  list  of  the 
year's  accessions. 


218 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


Webster  City,  la.  At  the  city  election  held 
on  March  i  the  proposition  to  levy  a  tax  to  es- 
tablish a  public  library,  in  accordance  with  the 
bequest  of  the  late  Kendall  Young,  was  de- 
feated. This  bequest  was  made  public  in  July, 
1896,  at  the  time  of  Mr.  Young's  death  (see  L. 
j.,  Aug.,  '96,  p.  384).  By  the  terms  of  the 
will  $25,000  was  left  for  a  permanent  home  for 
the  library,  |io,oco  was  set  aside  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books,  and  the  income  of  an  estate  of 
$200,000  was  to  be  devoted  to  the  maintenance 
of  the  library;  a  board  of  five  life  trustees  was 
also  appointed.  The  only  condition  was  that 
the  city  should  not  come  into  possession  of  the 
fund  until  the  death  of  Mrs.  Young;  but  it  was 
thought  that  the  citizens  would  accept  the  pro- 
visions of  the  state  library  law  and  tax  them- 
selves to  establish  a  library,  as  a  nucleus  to 
which  the  Young  bequest  could  later  be  added, 
the  trustees  agreeing  to  eventually  return  to 
the  city  the  money  expended  in  such  establish- 
ment. The  result  of  the  election  seems  to 
show,  however,  that  the  library  will  not  be- 
come an  established  fact  for  some  years  to 
come. 

FOREIGN. 

London.  H.  Sotheran  &  Co.  have  put  upon 
the  market  the  fine  collection  of  illuminated 
manuscripts  and  early  printed  books  gathered 
by  the  late  William  Morris,  in  connection  with 
his  work  at  the  Kelmscott  Press.  It  includes 
about  no  manuscripts,  all,  save  two  or  three, 
being  in  vellum,  and  about  800  printed  books, 
most  of  them  rare  early  works  with  wood-cuts. 
Many  of  the  examples  bear  Morris's  dated  au- 
tograph and  notes,  and  the  collection  is  a  spe- 
cially comprehensive  one,  as  it  was  chiefly  in- 
tended to  illustrate  as  widely  as  possible  the 
original  springs  of  typography,  and  includes 
specimens  from  many  presses  whose  produc- 
tions are  even  rarer  than  those  of  the  more 
well-known  ones.  A  full  ms.  catalog,  made 
under  Mr.  Morris's  direction,  accompanies  the 
library.  This  firm  is  also  the  agent  for  the 
sale  of  the  famous  Ashburnham  ms.  and  the 
Ashburnham  library,  which  it  is  desired  to  dis- 
pose of  en  bloc  if  possible  to  one  of  the  large 
libraries  or  educational  institutions. 

Marburg  (Germany).  Univ.  L.  ZEDLER,  Gott- 
fried. Geschichte  der  Universitatsbibliothek 
zu  Marburg,  von  1527-1887.  Marburg,  N. 
G.  Elwert'sche  Verlagsbuchhandlung,  1896. 
166  +  2  p.  O. 

Dr.  Zedler  is  the  librarian  of  the  Royal  Li- 
brary of  Wiesbaden.  His  monograph  is  an  in- 
teresting study,  typical  of  the  history  of  a 
German  university  library  from  its  first  begin- 
ning ;  it  is  illustrated  with  two  views  and  a  dia- 
gram of  the  University  of  Marburg. 

P.  •'  .  Bibliothtque  Nationale.  The  library 
is  put  to  it  to  find  places  for  its  new  books  ;  but 
the  Chambers  have  refused  to  vote  for  enlarge- 
ment of  the  building,  money  which  in  their 
opinion  would  be  more  advantageously  spent 
on  part  of  a  battle-ship  to  attack  the  commerce 


of  perfidious  Albion.  M.  Pairault  in  Le  Bric- 
a-brac  proposes  that  the  library  raise  the  neces- 
sary money  and  for  the  present  gain  room  by 
selling  its  triplicates  or  even  its  duplicates,  or 
even  second  and  third  and  other  editions  in 
which  no  change  is  made  from  the  first. 


an 5  Ikqtusts. 


Athens,  Ga.  On  March  12  the  announce- 
ment was  made  that  Jesse  Spalding,  of  Chi- 
cago, had  given  $15,000  to  Athens  for  the 
establishment  of  a  public  library  and  museum 
in  that  town.  The  corner-stone  of  the  building 
will  be  laid  August  u,  and  the  matter  is  in 
charge  of  the  local  historical  society. 


librarians. 


CLARKE,  Miss  Elizabeth  P.,  has  completed 
her  reorganization  of  the  Matson  Library, 
Princeton,  111.,  and  will  take  charge  on  May  I 
of  a  new  library  to  be  opened  in  Racine,  Wis. 

DAVIDSON.  H:  E.,  of  the  Library  Bureau,  re- 
turned from  London  on  April  3  to  arrange  the 
details  of  the  European  post-conference  trip  of 
the  A.  L.  A. 

ELMENDORF,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H:  L.,  arrived  in 
New  York  from  London  on  March  18.  Mr.  El- 
mendorf  is  now  actively  engaged  in  arranging 
for  the  European  post-conference  trip  of  the 
A.  L.  A. 

HENRY,  Prof.  W.  E.,  was  elected  state  libra- 
rian of  Indiana  by  the  state  board  of  educa- 
tion on  March  25.  He  will  succeed  Mrs.  Emma 
L.  Davidson,  who  has  held  the  office  for  two 
years. 

JEFFERSON,  T:  W.,  of  Broadkiln  hundred, 
Sussex  county,  Del.,  was  on  April  7  appointed 
state  librarian  of  Delaware  by  Governor  Tun- 
nell,  succeeding  Peter  C.  Gruwell,  who  has 
held  the  office  for  six  years.  Mr.  Jefferson's 
term  is  for  four  years  ;  he  has  been  a  school- 
teacher in  Sussex  county  for  several  years. 

JONES -SANBORN.  The  engagement  is  an- 
nounced of  Gardner  M.  Jones,  of  the  Salem 
(Mass.)  Public  Library,  and  Miss  Kate  E.  San- 
born,  of  the  Manchester  (N.  H.)  Public  Li- 
brary. 

SPERRY,  S.  Harrison,  was  on  March  25  elect- 
ed librarian  of  the  Iowa  City  (la.)  Public  Li- 
brary. 

THURSTON,  Miss  Mary  D.,  was  on  March  8 
elected  librarian  of  the  Leicester  (Mass.)  Public 
Library. 

TOBITT,  Miss  Edith,  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Library  School,  has  been  appointed  to  a  posi- 
tion on  the  staff  of  that  library.  Miss  Tobitt 
was  assistant  at  the  Omaha  (Neb.)  Public  Li- 
brary at  the  time  of  her  entrance  to  the  library 
school. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


219 


Cataloging  anb  Classification. 

BOWDOIN  COLLEGE  L. ,  Brunswick,  Me.  Biblio- 
graphical contributions,  no.  6,  March,  1897. 
One  hundred  books  of  1896.  16  p.  O. 
The  sixth  of  the  series  of  annual  selected 
lists  of  books  published  in  the  United  States, 
and  fully  up  to  the  admirable  standard  of  its 
predecessors.  The  list  is  a  capital  one,  well 
rounded,  and  showing  excellent  judgment ;  it 
should  be  of  wide  usefulness  to  librarians. 
But  15  novels  and  children's  books  are  in- 
cluded, because  "  along  these  lines  the  patrons 
of  public  libraries  rarely  fail  to  make  known 
their  wishes,"  while  the  chief  aim  of  the  com- 
piler is  to  suggest  representative  books  on  sub- 
jects of  permanent  and  general  interest.  As 
usual,  references  to  leading  critical  reviews  are 
appended  to  each  entry.  This  list  is,  as  a 
whole,  the  best  limited  selection  of  the  litera- 
ture of  1896  that  we  have  seen. 

CINCINNATI  (O.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  of  books  in  the 
various  departments  of  literature  and  science 
added  during  the  year  1896.  Cincinnati, 
1897.  108  p.  1.  O. 

CLASSIFICATION.  The  February  number  of 
The  Library  may  be  called  a  "Classification  and 
cataloging"  number,  so  considerable  is  the  space 
devoted  to  these  subjects.  In  it  L.  Stanley 
Jast  discusses  "The  class  list";  the  same 
writer,  with  Mr.  Brown,  of  the  Clerkenwell 
Library,  describes  "The  compilation  of  class 
lists  " ;  and  ' '  Curiosities  of  cataloging  "  are  pre- 
sented by  B.  B.  Woodward  and  C.  DaviesSher- 
born.  The  trilogy  is  a  suggestive  one,  and 
will  repay  careful  reading.  The  remarkable 
increase  in  class  lists  of  recent  years,  the  de- 
sirability of  brief  annotation,  and  the  various 
ways  in  which  information  not  given  in  the 
title  of  a  book  may  be  compactly  presented  to 
the  users  of  the  list,  are  among  the  chief  points 
touched  upon. 

MILWAUKEE  (Wis.)  P.  L.     Quarterly  index  of 
additions,  Oct. -Dec.,  1896.     84  p.  O.  150. 
Contains  a  list  of  the  books  in  the  library  of 

Mr.  Hans  Crocker. 

The  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  March  contains 
in  addition  to  the  report  for  February  and  the 
monthly  list  of  principal  purchases  and  gifts,  a 
reprint  of  "  Yate's  account  of  a  voyage  to  Vir- 
ginia in  1619,"  lists  of  "  periodicals  relating  to 
mathematics  in  the  New  York  Public  Library 
and  Columbia  University  Library,"  of  docu- 
ments, portraits,  etc..  illustrating  the  Albany 
Congress  of  1754,  from  the  Emmet  collection, 
and  of  "  Gifts  of  American  statute  laws  and 
legislative  journals  in  1895  and  1896." 

The  OSTERHOUT  F.  L.  (Wilkesbarre,  Pa.) 
Newsletter  contains  in  its  March  issue  no.  4  of 
the  reading  lists  in  English  history,  covering 
the  period  from  1399  to  1485. 


The  PROVIDENCE  (J?.  I.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
March  contains  reference  list  no.  43,  an  excel- 
lent and  informing  bibliography  of  "  Crete  and 
modern  Greece."  In  special  catalog  no.  12  are 
listed  the  additions  to  the  "  School  duplicate 
collection,"  in  order  of  grades. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  March 
has  special  reading  lists  on  Florence,  Dante, 
Crete  and  Modern  Greece. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS  have  put  into  opera- 
tion a  new  plan  regarding  the  sale  of  the 
catalogs  of  their  "  model  libraries."  They  now 
offer  these  catalogs  separately  to  libraries  pos- 
sessing the  books  therein  listed,  selling  them 
in  lots  of  loo  and  over,  specially  printed  with 
the  name,  address,  rules,  regulations,  etc.,  of 
the  library.  The  illustrations  and  annotations 
of  the  catalogs  make  them  useful  and  attrac- 
tive, and  the  books  included  in  them  are  owned 
by  most  public  libraries. 

UNITED  STATES,  Deft,  of  Agriculture.  Library 
bulletin,  February,  1897 :  accessions  to  the 
department  library,  October  -  December, 
1896.  1 6  p.  1.  O. 

The  WALTHAM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  con- 
cludes in  the  March  number  the  special  list  of 
books  on  Germany,  begun  in  the  February 
issue. 

WATERTOWN  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.    Catalogue   of 
English     prose    fiction.     Watertown,    pub- 
lished by  the  trustees,  1897.     18  p.  D. 
An  attractive  little  finding  list,  similar  in 
form  and  typography  to  the  fiction  list  of  the 
Brookline  (Mass.)   Public   Library,   and  com- 
plete up  to  Feb.  15,  1897.     An  attempt  is  made 
at  the  descriptive  annotation  of  "certain  his- 
torical novels,"  but  it  is  an  inadequate  one,  and 
only  strengthens  the  conviction  that  such  an- 
notation had  best  be  left  undone  if  it  is  im- 
practicable to  do  it  thoroughly.     The  Cutter  - 
Sanborn  call  numbers  are  used. 

FULL  NAMES. 

Henderson,  Ernest  Flogg,  Ph.D.,  author  of 
"  A  history  of  Germany  in  the  Middle  Ages." 
I  vol.  O.  London,  1894.  W:  J.  J. 

Tke  folio-wing  art  supplied  by  Harvard  Cotlegt  Library: 

Burks,  Martin  Parks  (Notes  on  the  property 
rights  of  married  women  in  Virginia); 

Clark,  W:  Lawrence  (Handbook  of  the  law 
of  private  corporations); 

Davis.  Walter  Alonzo  (Some  early  records  of 
the  town  of  Lunenburg); 

Deering,  James  H:  (Digest  of  the  reports  of 
the  supreme  court  of  California); 

Ewell,  Marshall  Davis,  and  La  Mure,  James 
W:  (A  manual  of  the  law  of  domestic  rela- 
tions); 

Furman,  Howard  Van  Fleet  (A  manual  of 
practical  assaying); 

Gill,  A:  Herman  (Gas  and  fuel  analysis  for 
engineers). 


220 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


fiibliografn. 


CHILD-STUDY.  Stowell,  Agnes.  Literature  of 
child-study.  (In  Journal  of  Education,  March 
18,  1897.  Continued  from  F.  25.)  I  col. 

COMPRESSED  air  illness.  Snell,  E.  Hugh.  Com- 
pressed air  illness,  or  so-called  caisson  dis- 
ease. Lond.,  H.  K.  Lewis,  '96.  8-4-251  p.  il. 
Incl.  comprehensive  bibliography  ;  reviewed 

in  Nature,  Mr.  4,  '97. 

FOODS.     Blyth,  Alex.  Wynter.      Foods :  their 

composition  and  analysis.     New  4th  ed.,  rev. 

and  enl.    N.  Y.,  Van  Nostrand,  1896.     735  p. 

il.  8°.     $7.50. 

Contains  a  series  of  bibliographies,  noted  in 
Nation,  Mr.  25. 

HOWELLS,  W:  D.  The  Bookbuyer  for  March 
contains  Part  i  of  "  A  bibliography  of  the  first 
editions  of  the  writings  of  W.  D.  Howells,"  by 
Albert  Lee.  It  is  prefaced  by  a  fac-simile  of 
the  cover  of  a  rare  copy  of  "  Niagara  revisit- 
ed." Part  2,  in  the  April  no.,  includes  books 
edited  by  Mr.  Howells  or  containing  articles  by 
him.  In  all  8t  titles  are  listed,  of  which  20  are 
in  Part  2. 

MALACOLOGY.  Of  the  fifth  volume  of  the 
Journal  of  Malacology  "a  valuable  feature  is  a 
descriptive  bibliography  of  current  malacologi- 
cal  literature,  compiled  by  Mr.  E.  R.  Sykes  and 
Mr.  S.  Pace."— Nature,  F.  25,  '97. 

MEIER,    P.    GABRIEL.     Heinrich   von   Liegerz| 
bibliothekar   von    Einsiedeln    im   14.   Jahr- 
hundert.     Leipzig,  Otto  Harrassowitz,  1896. 
2  +  68  p.  2  pi.  8°  (17.   Beiheft  zum  Centrabl. 
f.  Bibliothekswesen,)  pap.,  3  m. 
It  is  supposed  that  Liegerz  was  born  in  Berne, 
Switzerland,  in  1303.    The  first  positive  knowl- 
edge of  him  is  his  admission,  in  1324,  to  the 
cloister  at  Einsiedeln,  where  he  was  appointed 
£ustos  and  librarian.     In  1332  and  in  1340  he 
appears  as  a  witness  to  certain  documents,  and 
in  1360  his  death  is  recorded.     He  aided  con- 
siderably in  making  additions  to  the  library. 
According  to  his  lights  he  annotated  copiously 
the  books  and  manuscripts  in  the  library,  and 
was  particularly  active  in  preserving  and  bind- 
ing the  rare  material  collected  in  the  library. 
He  also  added  to  the  literature  of  his  time  by 
•writing  several  historical  accounts.     As  a  study 
of  the  life  and  work  of  a  librarian  of  500  years 
ago,  Mr.  Meier's  pamphlet  is  exceedingly  in- 
teresting and  instructive. 

MOHAMMEDANISM.     Arnold,  T.  W.    The  preach- 
ing of  Islam  :  a  history  of  the  propagation  of 
the  Muslim  faith.      Lond.,  Constable,  1896. 
406  p.  8°.     12  j. 
The  n-p.  list  of  authorities  forms  a   very 


considerable  bibliography  of  the  religion  found- 
ed by  Mohammed. 

PRAYER-BOOKS.  Wright,  John,  D.D.  Early 
prayer-books  of  America  :  being  a  descrip- 
tive account  of  prayer-books  published  in  the 
United  States,  Mexico,  and  Canada.  St. 
Paul,  Minn.  Privately  printed,  1896.  15  + 
1-492  p.  8". 

There  are  chapters  on  the  prayer-books  of 
the  various  denominations,  from  Roman  Cath- 
olic to  Unitarian.  Pages  430  to  480  contain 
lists  of  the  prayer-books  published  from  1561, 
with  approximate  prices.  Many  fac-simile 
title-pages  of  early  prayer-books  are  given. 

PRINTS.  Wedmore,  Frederick.  Fine  prints. 
Lond.,  Redway,  1897.  (The  collector  series.) 
Contains  a  five-page  bibliography. 

INDEXES. 

THE  MAGAZINE  AND  THE  DRAMA:  an  index; 
compiled  by  James  Harry  Pence,  a  pamphlet 
of  190  pages  issued  in  a  limited  edition  by  the 
Dunlap  Society,  is  a  most  useful  volume  of 
reference  for  the  subject  treated.  From  Poole 
and  Fletcher  a  large  amount  of  material  has 
been  drawn,  which  has  been  reinforced  by  the 
the  compiler's  own  work,  and  thus  an  author 
and  subject  key  has  been  supplied  to  more 
than  170  periodicals.  Mr.  Pence  has  done  his 
work  well,  and  will,  it  is  hoped,  find  many 
imitators  in  other  ranges  of  literature.  It  is 
regrettable  that  so  valuable  a  little  manual 
should  be  limited  in  possession  to  the  members 
of  the  club,  as  it  ought  to  be  in  all  public  libra- 
ries.—  Nation,  Mr.  27. 

CORRECTION.  Annual  literary  index,  1896, 
p.  227,  under  "  Montana":  "Civics of  Montana" 
is  published  by  B.  E.  Calkins,  and  the  bibliog- 
raphy covers  eight  and  a  half  pages. 


Ij um ore  anb  13  limbers. 


OVERHEARD  IN  THE  STREET.  —  First  small 
boy:  "  D'you  get  books  from  the  Public  Li- 
brary ?" 

Second  s.  b. :  "  Yes." 

First  s.  b.:   "  How  long  can  you  keep  "em?" 

Second  s.  b.:  "  Well,  if  it's  a  bully  book  you 
want  to  keep,  you  can't  have  it  but  a  week;  but 
if  it's  stupid  old  rot  you  don't  want,  you  can 
keep  it  two  weeks." 

ASKED  FOR  AT  THE  DELIVERY-DESK  :  "  Qush- 
ing's  book  about  the  pole  star":  —  what  he 
wanted  was  Cushing's  "  Story  of  our  post- 
office." 

"  Romance  of  one  hundred  rose-leaves,"  by 
Mrs.  Barr. 

RE  DIALECTICS.  Boy  (returning  a  dialect 
story):  "My  father  don't  want  no  more  of 
them  ere  delicate  stories.  He  wants  one  in 
our  own  language." 


April,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  221 

IMPERFECT  SETS. 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  periodical  literature  in  modern  libraries,  THE 
BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  established  its  Library  Department  with  the  idea  that  a 
definite  service  could  be  rendered  overworked  librarians  by  an  intelligent  effort  to 
supply  them  with  sets  of  periodicals  and  Society  transactions  bibliographically  com- 
pute and  materially  perfect. 

Under  the  old  method,  librarians  were  forced  to  buy  such  sets  or  parts  of  sets 
as  appeared  on  booksellers'  catalogues,  or  were  privately  offered  to  them,  taking 
their  chances  as  to  the  completeness  or  perfectness  of  the  sets.  Before  the  publica- 
tion of  "  Poole's  Index  "  the  shortcomings  of  such  a  mode  of  purchase  were  not 
apparent,  because  the  deficiencies  in  sets  so  bought  were  not  brought  to  special 
notice  ;  but  in  these  days  of  thorough  indexing  the  constant  showing  up  of  tanta- 
lizing defects  obliges  the  conscientious  librarian  to  assume  the  labor  of  collation,  and 
the  subsequent  vexatious  time  and  money  cost  involved  in  trying  to  make  the 
defects  good. 

It  is  exactly  this  burdensome  and  wasteful  labor  which  THE  BOSTON  BOOK 
COMPANY  has  endeavored  to  save  librarians,  by  supplying  only  sets  which  have 
passed  through  the  hands  of  a  conscientious  and  carefully  trained  staff  of  collators 

We  find,  however,  that  some  librarians  still  prefer  to  buy  sets  by  the  old 
method,  and  to  such  librarians  we  wish  to  make  it  known,  that  while  we  consider 
our  method  the  economical  and  preferable  one  to  libraries  in  the  end,  we  are  entirely 
willing  to  sell  uncollated  sets  to  such  as  prefer  to  buy  them. 

We  have  always  a  great  many  uncollated  sets  on  hand  (because  conscientious 
collation  is  a  tedious  and  time-consuming  work)  and  we  can  offer  them  as  cheaply 
as  any  other  dealers.  In  such  cases  we  will  make  an  offer  of  the  volumes  actually 
on  hand,  but  will  not  undertake  that  every  page,  title-page,  index,  supplement, 
appendix,  plate,  or  map  is  supplied,  as  we  do  ordinarily. 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  only  asks  that  a  fair  comparison  of  price  and 
quality  be  made,  and  is  perfectly  willing  to  sell  to  librarians  on  any  method  they 
may  prefer.  

Remainder  Stock  of  Poole  Sets. 

We  have  bound  up  for  libraries  a  few  sets  of  two  periodicals  that  are  to  be 
included  in  the  next  supplement  to  "  Poole's  Index,"  viz.: 

"The  Law  Quarterly  Review,"  of  London,  12  vols.,  cloth,  $30.00  (regular 
price  in  law  sheep,  $48.00,  net)-,  and  "The  Juridical  Review,"  of  Edinburgh, 
7  vols.,  cloth,  $24.50  (regular  price  in  law  sheep,  $33.25,  net}. 

This  special  price  for  cloth  sets  applies  only  to  our  stock  now  on  hand. 

These  two  sets  are  recommended  to  the  attention  of  librarians  of  General 
Libraries.  Sample  numbers  will  be  sent  on  application. 


THE   BOSTON   BOOK  CO., 

Beacon  Street,  -  -  BOSTON,  MASS. 


222 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


April,  '97 


Librairie  Universitaire,  Francaise  et  Etrangere,  Ancienne  et  Moderne 

H.  WELTER,  a  PARIS 


59,    Rue   Bonaparte,    59 


Relations  directes  avec  tous  les  centres  de  la  Librairie.  Intelligence  stxkiale  &  Leipzig.— Fourniture  de  Livres  et  de 
journaux  francais  et  Strangers  aux  conditions  les  plus  avantageuses. — Librairie  ancienne,  scientifique.  Collections  de 
peViodiques  scientifiques  et  grands  ouvrages  de  bibliotheque. 

Je  me  mets  &  la  disposition  des  Btbllotheques  et  de  MM.  les  Amateurs  de  France  et  de  1'Etranger 
pour  tous  les  achats  qu'ils  auront  &  faire  i  Paris  et  &  1'Etranger. 


PRIMES 


Monsieur  :  fai  fhonneur  de  vous  informer  q  ue  je  me  suit  rendu  acquereur  des  31  derniers  exemplaires — sur 
60  exemplaires  tire's  a  part pcur  Monsieur  de  Lot/is, — des 

SCRITTI  ED  AUTOGRAFI  DI  CRISTOFORO  COLOMBO 

Publicati  con  prefazione  e  trascrizione  diplomatica  dal.  Prof.  Cesare  DE  LOLLIS.  Roma  1892-1894.  3  grossi  volumi 
in-folio  grande  ed  un  supplemento.  Con  17O  tavole. 

(Splendida  edizione,  tirata  a  sole  60  copie  a  parte,  delta  Raccolta  Colombiana.  Carta  a  mano,  caratteri fusi  a 

pasta.  //3°  vol.,  che  e  guello  degli  autografi,  comprende  159  tavole  infototipia,  alle  guali  vanno  aggiunte  altre 
'le  del  st4 


ii  tavole 


supplemento). 


Je  von*  oflTre  an  exemplaire  de  cette  splen- 
dtde  publication,  3  vol.  in-folio  et  supplement 
avec  170  planches  en  phototypie,  pour  9O  fr.  net. 
Les  Bibliotheques  que  leprix  e'leve'  de  500  francs  a 

empech.e'   d'acquerir    les    Kaccolta    Colombiana 

seront  heureuses^je  Fespere,  de  profiter  de  cette  occasion. 
Par  la  meme  occasion,  je  vous  recommande,  si  vous  ne 

Its  posstdez  pas  de'jit,  f  acquisition   des  ouvrages  sui- 

vants  dont  je  suis  ou  Vediteur  ou  I'acque'reur  des  der- 
niers exemplaires  : 

Harrlase.  History  of  the  Discovery  of  North  America. 
In-4  relid  en  i  vol.,  ou  broch^  en  3  vol.,  avec  23  cartes. 
1892  (150  fr.),  net  10O  fr. 

Lfiiormaiit  et  de  WItte.  Elite  des  monuments 
ce'ramographiques.  4  vol.  in-4  avec  469  planches.  1837- 
6i(s8oFr.),  netlSOfr. 

Revue  Arrheologlque.  ire  s^rie,  1844-59.  32  vol. 
in-8  avec  388  planches  (400  f r.),  net  180  fr. 

Terren  oriiies  d'Aste  (collection  Jules  Greau).  Publ. 
p.  W.  Froehner.  2  vol.  in-fol.  en  cartons.  Texte,  et  120 
planches  en  heliogravure,  en  couleur.  (i  50  fr.) 

net  6O  fr. 

Collection     SPITZER.      Antiquite,    Moyen-Age, 
Renaissance.    6  vol.  in-fol.,  av.  337  planches  en  helio- 
gravure ou  en  chromolithogr.,  rehauss^es  d'or  et  d'ar- 
£ent,  avec  texte  de  MM.  Molinier,  E.  Muntz,  Bonnafe, 
.  Palustre,  A.  Darcel,  H.  d'Allemagne,  etc.    Paris, 
1890-91.    Au  lieu  de  1500  fr.,  pour  8OO  fr. 

Hlstulre  lltteraire  de  la  France,  commencee 
par  les  Religieux  Benedictins,  continu^e  par  les  Mem- 
ores  de  1'Acad^mie  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles-Lettres. 
31  vol.  in-4  et  table.  Tres  rare.  net  672  fr. 

La  meme,  relie'e  en  demi-chagrin,  net  775  fr. 

Becueil  des  Historians  des  Gaiiles  (Voyez 
Brunei,  Manuel,  56  ^d.  Tome  I,  col.  1174).  23  vol.  in- 
folio,  1869-04.  Au  lieu  de  1150  francs: 

Broche  575  fr.  net  ou  reli^  en  toile  pour  685  fr.,  en 
demi-chagrin  pour  725  fr. 

Mariette-Bey.  Voyage  dans  la  Haute-Egypte.  2 
vol.  in-folio,  avec  83  planches  en  heliogravure,  en  porte- 
feuille.  Au  lieu  de  300  fr.,  prix  special  net  1OO  fr. 

Revue  de«  questions  bistoriqnes.  La  Collec- 
tion complete  de  1866-1896  avec  2  tables  (660  fr.) 

net  32O  fr. 

ou  1866-1888  avec  2  tables,  46  vol.  (460  fr.)  net  16O  fr. 

Perrot  et  Cntplez.  Le  Temple  de  Jerusalem.  Gr. 
in-fol.,  avec  is  pi.  et  50  grav.  1889.  En  carton  (100  fr.) 

net  48  fr. 

Da  C'ange.  Glossarium  mediae  et  infimae  latinitatis. 
10  vol.  in-4  sur  papier  de  Hollande.  1882-87  (600  fr.) 

net  30O  fr. 


Lacurne  ?de  Salnte  Palajrf .  Dictionnaire  histo- 
rique  de  1'ancien  langage  francais.  10  vol.  in-4  sur  Pa- 
pier  de  Hollande.  1877-82  (600  fr.)  net  1 50  fr. 

Soctete  fraucaise  de  numlomatfqne  et  <1'A  r- 
cneologle.  Annuaires  et  Comptes  Rendus.  21  vol. 
grand  in-8  avec  planches.  1866-1891  (630 fr.)  net  150  fr. 

Journal  de  microg-rapble  dirige  par  le  Dr.  Pelle- 
tan.  1887  &  1892.  La  collection  entiere  (375  fr.) 

net  100  fr. 

Gazette  anecdotlqne,  blbliograplilque  et 
litteralre,  1876  ft  1891.  32  vol.  in-i6.  La  collection 
entiere  (288  fr.)  net  8  8  fr. 

Revue  des  Patois  gallo-romans.  1887  &  1893 
La  collection  entiere  (105  fr.)  net  50  fr 

Catalogue  des  Incnnables  de  la  Blbllo- 
theque  ITIazarine.  Fort  vol.  gr.  in-8, 1893  (40  fr.) 

net  20  fr. 

I<e  WIollerlste,publ.  p.  G.  Monval.  10  vol.  in-8  av. 
planches,  1880-89  (150  fr.) 

net  7O  fr.  la  collection  entiere. 

Aux  souscripteurs  de  LI  VET,  Dictionnaire  dela 
langue  de  moliere,  3  vol.  in-8.  Paris,  Impri- 
merie  nationale,  1896  (en  vente  a  notre  librairie  pour  45 
fr.),  le  Mollerlate  sera  fourni  pour  6O  ir.  net 

Le  Ooorrler  de  Vaugelas,  publ.  par  E.  Martin, 
ii  vol.  in-4,  1868-83.  (La  collection  entiere.)  Au  lieu  de 
85  fr.  net  SO  fr. 

mas- Latrle.  Tr^sor  de  Chronologic,  d'Histoire  et  de 
Geographic.  In-fol.  1889  (100  fr.)  net  5O  fr. 

Leon  Gantler.  Les  Epopees  frangaises.  4  vol.  in-8, 
1880-94  (80  fr.)  net  64  fr. 

La  Cnevalerie.    36  e"d.    In-4  illustrd.    1895  (25 

fr.)  net  10  fr. 

Tous  ces prix  sont  de  •ve'ritables  occasions  commej'ai 

f  habitude  d'en  offrir  tous  les  ans  a pareille  epoque, 
Je puis  aussi  disposer  encore  de  quelques  exemplaires^ 

provenant  de  souscriptions  re'silie'es,  de  : 

Harrlsae.  Codex  Columbus.  Fac-simil^  photogr.  av. 
transliteration.  In-folio,  avec  3  planches  dont  2  en  coul. 
et  or,  relie  en  peau  de  truie.  1894  (135  fr.)  net  1OO  fr. 

Harrl»se.  John  Cabot  the  Discoverer  of  North  Amer- 
ica and  Sebastian  his  son.  In-8  relief  1896  (40  fr.) 

net  30  fr. 

Leonardo  da  Vinci.  II  Codlce  Allantlco. 
Les  12  premiers  fascicules,  actuellement  parus,  peuvent 
etre  fournis  au  lieu  de  540  fr.  pour  39O  fr.  La  suite 
sera  livrte  aux  memes  conditions. 

Je  possede  nn  exenaplalre  de'  monumenta 
Germanise  hlstorlca,  35  vol.  in-folio,  relies, 

pour  45OO  fr.  nets. 


Dansfattente  de  vos  commandes,  pour  le paiement  desquelles  je  puis  vous  accorder  des  facilitfs  si  vous  It 
desirez,je  vous  prie,  Monsieur,  d'agre'er  r  assurance  de  ma  consideration  ires  distingue'e. 

H.   WELTER 


April,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  223 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  ($<jencg  for  (#tneric<m  BiBrariee 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 

IN    1866. 


(§Tf  PPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 
Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  33oofts  jfount). 


Sets  dDafre  tip. 


of  Bverg  Class. 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural Colkge. 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY, 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 
Member  American  Library  Association.          SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


224 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


JOSEPH  BAER  &  CO., 


DEALKRS    IN 


New  and  Second -band  Books,  and  Library  Agents, 

FRANKFORT-O.-MAIN   (GERMANY). 

(ESTABLISHED    1785.) 

Our  special  Library  Department  enables  us  to  fill  orders  for  Libraries  with  the  best 
care  and  diligence,  in  small  matters  as  well  as  great. 

Most  liberal  terms. 

Exceptional  facilities  for  obtaining  scarce  books. 

Permanent  stock  of  over  4OO,OOO  second-hand  books  in  all  languages 
and  classes  of  literature. 

Systematic  Catalogues  issued  regularly  and  sent  free  on  application. 


LATEST  CATALOGUES: 


Nos. 

Nos. 

330. 

History,  Language,  and  Literature  of  the  Slavic 
Nations.    (Library  of  Franz  Miklovich.) 

357- 

1337  items. 

358. 

33*. 

Zoology.    (Library  of  F.  If  oil.)    3755  items. 

334- 

History  of  Costume.    873  items. 

359- 

335- 

Ecclesiastical  History.    1813  items. 

360. 

336. 

Christian  Art.     (Library  of  Mr.  Lucas. 
Architect  of  the  Cathedral  of  Mayence.) 

361. 

1073  items. 

36*. 

339- 

Hungary,  Turkey,  and  Greece.    (His- 

363- 

tory  and  Geography.)    1149  items. 

366. 

340. 

Blbllotheca  Indlca.    Books  on  British  India 

, 

and  the  East  Indian  Archipelago.    13x3  items. 

307. 

34»- 

Lepldopterology.    363  items. 

368. 

34»- 

Mineralogy,  Geology,  and  PaJsvontol- 
og>  .    Alplna.    (Library  of  Dr.  O.  Feist- 

369. 

mantel.)    993  items. 

370. 

344- 

Antograpbs.    400  items. 

371- 

345- 

Shakespeare  and  His  Times.    (1st  por- 
tion of  the  Library  of  Friedrich  Boden- 

373. 

stedt.)    483  items. 

373. 

347- 

Russia,  History  and  Literature.    (2d  portion 

of  the  Library  of  Fr.   Bodenstedt.)    351 

374- 

items. 

375- 

34«- 

Th«   Caucasus,   Armenia,   Ferula,   Af- 

376. 

ghanistan,    and    Beloochistan.     (3d 

portion  of   Bodenstedt's    Library.)     491 

377- 

items. 

349- 

Japan  and  China.    Topography,  Ethnogra- 

378. 

phy,  History,  and  Literature. 

379- 

35°. 

Archaeology  and   Philology.    (Library 
of  Sir  C.  T.  Newton.)    1569  items. 

380. 
381. 

351. 

Law  Books.    1363  items. 

383. 

352- 

History  of  Painting  and  Engraving. 

384. 

603  items. 

353- 

History  of  Prussia.    1198  items. 

385. 

355- 

English  Literature  from  Shakespeare  to  the 

*~i  «»  * 

Present  Time.    1300  items. 

vat 
Li 

356. 

Books  on  America,    toia  items. 

Se 

German  Literature  of  the  igth  century.  1343 
items. 

NnmlHmatlcs.  (1st  portion  of  the  Li- 
brary of  Mr.  XL.  Orote.) 

Genealogy  and  Heraldry,  (fid  portion 
of  Grate's  Library.) 

Botany.    981  items. 

History  of  Great  Britain.    910  items. 

Low  Saxony.    783  items. 

German  municipal  History.    1947  items. 

Semltlca  and  Hamltlca.    1563  items. 

Anctores   Graeci.     Greek  Epigraphies.    1990 

items. 
Interior  Asia.    History  and  Geography.    838 

items. 

Africa.    508  items. 

Lesslng— Goethe—  Schiller.    1037  items. 
Numismatics  of  the  Ancients.    479  items. 

Political  Economy  in  English  language. 
993  items. 

The  Arts  of  the  Renaissance.    814  items. 

Political  Economy  in  French.    1035  items. 

Judalca.    574  items. 

Philosophy— mysticism  and  Spiritism. 
1858  items. 

History  of  the  Stage— Dramat.  Litera- 
ture. 1007  items. 

Sport.    533  items. 

Archaeology,  Oriental  and  Classical.   1579  items. 

History  of  Hessla.    1351  items. 

Fine  Arts  of  the  19th  Century.   577  items. 

Magazines,  Periodicals,  and  Trans- 
actions of  Learned  Societies.  748  items. 

Numismatics,  Genealogy.  (Library  of 
Baron  von  Saurtna.) 

Arts  of  the  Middle   Ages.    (Library  of 

Oeorg  Moller.)    1640  items. 

Catalogue  of  Scarce  Books  In  English 
Language,  from  the  library  of  Dr.  H.  Jahl,  late 
Secretary  of  Queen  Victoria. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


225 


A  PAPER  FOR  LIBRARIES 


"THE  CRITIC  ought  to  have  its  place  on  the  table  of  every  library  in  the  country." — THE  OUTLOOK. 

The  following  letters  from  the  librarians  of  some  of  the  leading  libraries  of  the  United 
States  show  THE  CRITIC'S  value  to  them  in  the  selection  of  new  books: 


I  find  THE  CRITIC'S  reviews  of  so  much  use  to  me,  that 
I  long  ago  subscribed  for  the  paper  personally,  so  as  to 
have  it  always  in  my  own  house,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  our  Library  has  been  a  subscriber  from  the  begin- 
ning. E.  H.  ANDERSON. 

Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburg,  Pa. 


I  may  say  that  we  find  THE  CRITIC  very  useful  here. 
W.  A.  BARDWELL. 
Brooklyn  Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


I  find  THE  CRITIC  readable  and  serviceable. 

C.  K.  BOLTON. 
Public  Library,  Brookline,  Mass. 


THE  CRITIC'S  reviews'  are  of  great  assistance  to  us  in 
ordering  books.  ARTHUR  E.  BOSTWICK. 

New  York  Free  Circulating  Library. 


THE  CRITIC  frequently  serves  me  when  making  out 
purchase  lists.  J.  V.  CHENEY. 

Newberry  Library,  Chicago. 


I  find  THE  CRITIC  of  service  in  connection  with  my 
work.  Its  reviews  enable  one  to  make  a  judicious  selec- 
tion of  desirable  books  from  the  mass  of  those  annually 
brought  from  the  press.  GEORGE  T.  CLARK. 

Free  Public  Library,  San  Francisco. 


I  find  THE  CRITIC  useful  in  making  up  lists  of  books 
for  purchase.  It  is,  moreover,  very  readable  and  offers 
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"The  New  York  State  Library  and  Public  Libraries 
division  are  constantly  indebted  to  THE  CRITIC  reviews 
for  assistance  in  making  out  order  lists  and  annotations 
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MELVIL  DEWEY. 

Regents  Office,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


THE  CRITIC  is  extremely  useful  in  our  work. 

W.  I.  FLETCHER. 
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As  an  illustration  of  THE  CRITIC'S  usefulness,  I  mail 
herewith  a  marked  copy  of  the  Monthly  Bulletin  of  this 
library  for  March,  1896,  where  a  quotation  from  its  col- 
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WILLIAM  E.  FOSTER. 

Public  Library,  Providence,  R.  I. 


We  receive  in  this  library  five  copies  of  THE  CRITIC  and 
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Public  Library,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


THE  CRITIC  is  a  success  in  all  respects.    /  find  it  very 
useful.  J.  W.  MONSER. 

University  of  State  of  Missouri,  Columbia. 


THE  CRITIC  is  one  of  oiit  guides  in  the  selection  of  books 
and  we  value  its  opinions  highly.  We  would  not  be 
without  it,  if  we  could  avoid  it.  CHARLES  ORR. 

Case  Library,  Cleveland,  O. 


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THE  CRITIC,  and  consequently,  in  addition  to  having  a 
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hand  on  my  desk."  W.  T.  PEOPLES. 

Mercantile  Library,  New  York. 


We  base  many  of  our  purchases  on  your  criticisms. 

FREDERICK  I.  RAMFORD. 
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I  find  THE  CRITIC  on  the  whole  the  best  instrument  for 
an  American  who  wishes  to  keep  in  touch  with  the 
literary  world.  ERNEST  C.  RICHARDSON. 

Library  of  Priceton  University. 


I  rely  with  confidence  on  THE  CRITIC'S  reviews,  and  its 
literary  notes  and  announcements  of  new  books  are  of 
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Public  Library,  Detroit,  Mich. 


"It  goes  without  saying"  that  any  literary  engine 
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as  well  as  to  the  librarian— by  which  I  mean  to  say  that  I 
find  THE  CRITIC  helpful  in  its  reviews,  its  notes,  and  its 
announcements.  A.  W.  WHELPLEY. 

Public  Library  of  Cincinnati. 


/  can  assure  you  of  the  value  of  THE  CRITIC  in  our 
reading-room,  and  of  its  usefulness  in  general  reference 
library  work.  Items  of  information  regarding  writers 
of  the  day  are  particularly  acceptable. 

FRANCES  A.  WOOD. 

Vassar  College  Library. 


Ten   Cents   a   Copy,   Three   Dollars   a    Year 


THE  CRITIC  CO., 


287  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


226  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [Afril,  '97 

The  Riverside  School  Library 

A  series  of  fifty  books  of  permanent  value  carefully  chosen,  thoroughly  edited, 
clearly  printed,  durably  bound  in  half  leather  and  sold  at  low  prices. 

Prepared  with  special  regard  for  American  schools,  with  Biographical  Sketches,  Portraits,  and 
Illustrations. 

Cents 

Aldrich.     The  Story  of  a  Bad  Boy 70 

Andersen.    Stories 50 

Arabian  Nights,  Tales  from  the.* 50 

Bacon.     A  Japanese  Interior 60 

Brown,  John.     Rab  and  His  Friends  ;  and  Other  Dogs  and  Men 60 

Bunyan.     The  Pilgrim's  Progress 50 

Burroughs.     Birds  and  Bees,  and  Other  Studies  in  Nature 60 

Cooper.     The  Last  of  the  Mohicans 70 

Dana.     Two  Years  Before  the  Mast . .  70 

Defoe.     Robinson  Crusoe 60 

Dickens.     A  Christmas  Carol,  and  The  Cricket  on  the  Hearth 50 

Eliot,  George.     Silas  Marner 50 

Emerson.     Essays  and  Poems.* 50 

Fiske.     The  War  of  Independence 60 

Franklin.     Autobiography 50 

Goldsmith.     The  Vicar  of  Wakefield 50 

Griff  is.     Brave  Little  Holland 60 

Grimm.     German  Household  Tales .' 50 

Hawthorne.      Grandfather's  Chair,   or,  True  Stories   from  New   England  History  ;    and 

Biographical  Stories , 70 

"  The  House  of  the  Seven  Gables 70 

««  The  Wonder-Book,  and  Tanglewood  Tales 70 

Holmes.     The  Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast-Table 60 

"          Grandmother's  Story,  and  Other  Verse  and  Prose 50 

Hughes.     Tom  Brown's  School  Days 60 

Irving.     Essays  from  the  Sketch  Book 50 

Jewett,  Sarah  Orne.    Tales  of  New  England 60 

Lamb.     Tales  from  Shakespeare 60 

Larcom,  Lucy.     A  New  England  Girlhood 60 

Longfellow.     The  Children's  Hour,  and  Other  Poems 60 

*•  Evangeline,  Hiawatha,  and  The  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish 60 

"  Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn 60 

Lowell.     The  Vision  of  Sir  Launfal,  and  Other  Poems 60 

niller,  Olive  Thome.    Bird-Ways 60 

Milton.     Minor  Poems,  and  Books  I. -I II.  of  Paradise  Lost 5o 

Parton.     Captains  of  Industry,  First  Series 60 

"  Captains  of  Industry,  Second  Series 60 

Richardson,  Abby  Sage.     Stories  from  Old  English  Poetry.  60 

Scott.     Ivanhoe 70 

"        The  Lady  of  the  Lake 60 

Scudder.     Fables  and  Folk  Stories 50 

"  George  Washington 60 

Shakespeare.     Julius  Caesar,  and  As  You  Like  It 50 

Stowe.     Uncle  Tom's  Cabin 7° 

Swift.     Gulliver's  Voyages  to  Lilliput  and  Brobdingnag 5° 

Tennyson.     Enoch  Arden,  The  Coming  of  Arthur,  and  Other  Poems 50 

Thaxter,  Celia.     Stories  and  Poems  for  Children 60 

Warner.     Being  a  Boy 60 

Whittier.     Selections  from  Child  Life  in  Poetry  and  Prose 5° 

"  Snow-Bound,  The  Tent  on  the  Beach,  and  Other  Poems 60 

Wiggin,  Kate  Douglas.     Polly  Oliver's  Problem 60 


*The  books  marked  with  a  star  are  in  preparation  for  speedy  issue.      The  others  are  now  ready. 

(April  I,  1897.) 

A  circular  giving  a  complete  description  of  each  book  will  be  sent  on  application. 

HOUGHTON,     MIKFLIN     &     COMPANY. 


April,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  227 

UK  Jesuit  Relations  aim  miim  Documents. 

TRAVELS  AND  EXPLORATIONS  OF  THE  JESUIT  HISSIONARIES 
IN  NEW  FRANCE,  1610-1791. 

The  original  French,  Latin,  and  Italian  Texts,  with  English  Translations  by  JOHN  C.  COVERT, 
MARY  S.  PEPPER,  W.  F.  GIESE,  H.  A.  SOBER,  and  others.  With  numerous  Historical,  Ge- 
ographical, Ethnological,  Bibliographical,  Archaeological,  and  Biographical  Notes.  Illustrated 
by  many  Portraits,  Maps,  and  Facsimiles. 

Edited  by  REUBEN  GOLD  THWAITES, 

Secretary  of  the  State  Historical  Society  of  Wisconsin  ;  editor  of  "  The  Wisconsin  Historical  Collections," 

Withers's  "  Chronicles  of  Border  Warfare  ";  author  of  "  The  Colonies,  1492-1750,"  "Historic 

Waterways,"  "  The  Story  of  Wisconsin,"  etc. 

The  work  Is  printed  in  large  type,  at  the  Imperial  Press,  on  a  special  make  of  Dick- 
inson's hand-made  deckle-edged  paper.  About  60  vols.,  8vo,  of  about  300  pages  each ; 
polished  buckram  cloth,  uncut,  top  edges  gilt ;  price,  $3.50  net  per  vol.  The  edition  is 
limited  to  750  numbered  sets.  Volumes  are  issued  at  the  rate  of  one  a  month.  Sub- 
scriptions only  entered  for  complete  sets. 

The  publication  will  embrace  :  The  entire  series  of  original  Cramoisy  Jesuit  Relations  (Paris, 
r632-'72). — The  Shea-Cramoisy  Series  of  Reprints. — The  O'Callaghan  Series  of  Reprints  and 
Facsimiles. — Le  Journal  des  Jdsuites,  public  par  MM.  les  Abbes  Laverdiere  et  Casgrain  (Quebec, 
1871). — All  portions  of  Lettres  Edifiantes  et  Curieuses  that  bear  on  the  French  Missions  in  North 
America. — Carayon's  Premiere  Mission  des  Je'suites  au  Canada  (Paris,  1864). — Relations  Inedites  de 
la  Nouvelle-France,  1672-1679  (2  vols.,  Paris,  1861). — Many  privately  printed  Letters  and  Rela- 
tions, collected  by  Fathers  Martin  and  Jones,  Mr.  James  Lenox,  and  others. — Much  hitherto  un- 
published Material,  from  MSS.  in  the  Archives  of  St.  Mary's  College,  Montreal,  and  elsewhere. — 
Also  several  Relations  (such  as  Bressani's,  i645~'49)  and  other  Documents  not  ordinarily  cited  in 
bibliographies  of  the  subject. 

"  Some  months  ago  we  indicated  its  monumental  character  and  the  care  taken  to  render  it  in  every  way  worthy  of 
its  subject.  The  first  volume  quite  equals  our  expectation  in  respect  to  both  editing  and  printing.  Mr.  Thwaites's 
general  introduction  is  admirable.  .  .  .  The  translation  is  exact  without  being  awkward,  .  .  .  free  from  tedious  detail 
concerning  the  professional  aspects  of  the  mission,  and  will  afford  entertainment  to  the  lover  of  adventure  who  has 
never  heard  of  Poutrincourt,  or  Biard,  or  Port  Royal." — The  Nation  (Jan.  9,  1897). 

"  Admirably  made  volumes,  .  .  .  whose  value  to  the  student  of  American  history  it  would  be  difficult  to  over- 
estimate. .  .  .  The  difficulty  of  the  undertaking  can  only  be  measured  by  those  who  realize  the  rarity  and  the  wide 
dispersion  of  the  sources  from  which  the  editor  must  patiently  collect  his  material,  and  at  the  same  time  the  historical 
perception  and  training  which  he  must  have  in  order  to  present  it  in  a  scholarly  and  scientific  manner." — Critic  (Feb. 
6,  1897). 

"  Of  the  greatest  value  to  the  students  of  American  history,  and  should  be  in  every  library  of  considerable  size- 
Mr.  Thwaites's  editorship  gives  assurance  of  careful,  scholarly,  and  judicious  work  throughout." — F.  H.  Crundeni 
Librarian,  St.  Louis  Public  Library. 

"A  work  which  it  would  be  difficult  to  overestimate.''—/.  H.  Dulles,  Librarian,  Princeton  Theological 
Seminary. 

"  Such  a  work  has  long  been  needed  by  students  of  American  history,  and  the  present  plan  of  publication  will 
bring  this  invaluable  mass  of  materials  within  the  reach  of  many  college  libraries  and  individual  workers." — H.  R. 
Adams,  Professor  of  History ,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

"  Realizes  all  my  expectations  of  the  work,  and  I  expected  much.  Your  editor's  knowledge  in  the  field  of  history 
covered  by  these  '  Relations '  is  not  surpassed,  if  it  is  equalled,  by  that  of  any  other  historian  now  living.  Of  the  typo- 
graphical features  of  the  publication  there  is  nothing  but  praise  to  be  spoken.  The  most  important  historical  under- 
taking of  recent  years."—/.  N.  Larned,  Librarian,  Buffalo  Library. 

"  The  first  volume  shows  a  grasp  of  the  subject  that  inspires  confidence.    The  works  are  becoming  morejind  more 
difficu' 
portaii 


1  Every  library  claiming  any  degree  of  completeness  of  its  historical  collections  should  have  your  translation  of 
these  works.    Dr.  W.  Scott  Hill,  our  most  notable  local  historian,  expresses  to  me  the  most  enthusiastic  commcndat 
of  your  work.    He  has  studied  for  the  last  ten  years,  with  great  care  and  diligence,  copies  of  the  original  document: 
now  in  this  library,  and  has  read  and  examined  your  two  volumes  of  the  translation,  so  that  his  judgment  n 
matter  is  of  great  importance.    I  wish  our  libraries  and  historical  societies  might  each  be  induced  to  purchase 
copies." — L.  D.  Carver,  State  Librarian,  Maine. 


Full  particulars,  detailed  prospectus ,  and  sample  pages  may  be  had  on  application  to  the  Publishers, 

THE  BURROWS  BROTHERS  COMPANY, 

CLEVELAND,    OHIO. 


228 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\_April,  '97 


The  Century  Co.'s  New  Books. 

QUEEN  VICTORIA. 

A  LIMITED  EDITION  of  this  beautiful  work  is  to  be  issued  in  England  to  commemorate 
the  most  remarkable  reign  in  the  history  of  the  world.  It  will  be  a  personal  life  of  Her 
Majesty,  written  by  Richard  R.  Holmes,  F.S.A.,  Librarian  to  the  Queen,  who  has  charge  of  the 
books,  prints,  and  drawings  at  Windsor  Castle.  Its  letter-press  will  include  the  story  of  Her 
Majesty's  life  as  princess,  queen,  wife,  and  mother.  The  text  will  be  written  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Queen,  and  all  of  the  illustrations  will  be  prepared  from  the  material  in  her  posses- 
sion which  she  kindly  loans  for  the  purpose.  These  illustrations  will  be  reproduced  by  Messrs. 
Boussod,  Valadon  &  Co.  in  the  highest  style  of  the  art  of  photogravure. 

The  work  will  be  issued  in  two  editions  de  luxe,  one  printed  on  Japan  paper,  with  frontispiece 
in  colors,  each  copy  numbered,  the  edition  limited  to  350  for  issue  in  England  and  100  in  America, 
price,  $50  ;  the  other,  on  vellum  paper,  frontispiece  in  colors,  and  the  American  edition  limited  to 
600  copies,  price  $15.  All  copies  in  England  have  been  subscribed  for  in  advance,  and  at  the  time 
of  writing  most  of  the  American  edition  has  been  taken  up.  Persons  wishing  to  secure  a  copy 
of  either  edition  should  at  once  notify  their  bookseller  or  the  publishers.  Ready  in  season  for 
the  "  Diamond  Jubilee  "  in  June. 

PRISONERS  OF  CONSCIENCE, 
By  Amelia  E.  Barr, 

Author  of "  Jan  Vedder"s  Wife"  "A  Bow  of  Orange  Ribbon"  "A  Daughter  of  Fife" 

"  Friend  Olivia"  etc. 

A   POWERFUL  novel  of   the  Shetland   Islands,  showing  the  effect  of  the  strict  Calvinistic 
faith  of  the  fisher-folk.     Mrs.  Barr  has  written  nothing  stronger  or  more  readable.     The 
illustrations,  by  Louis  Loeb,  are  the  result  of  a  trip  made  to  the  scene  of  the  story.     In  handsome 
cloth  binding,  $1.50. 


ONE  MAN  WHO  WAS  CONTENT, 

By  Mrs.  Schuyler  Van  Rensselaer, 
Author  oj '"  English  Cathedrals^  "Art  Out-of- 

Doors"  etc. 

~\\  RS.  VAN  RENSSELAER  promises,  with  such  a  book 
1    as  this,  to  become  no  less  well  known  as  a  writer  of 
fiction  than  she  is  already  as  a  critic  in  the  field  of  art  and 
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NATURE  IN  A  CITY  YARD, 

By  Charles  M.  Skinner. 

A  LITTLE  book  which  reminds  one  of  "  My  Summer 
*"•  in  a  Garden  " — that  work  of  a  philosopher— charming 
dissertations  on  nature,  art,  and  society.  The  author  is  a 
Brooklyn  journalist.  i6mo,  cloth,  $1.00. 


THE  STAND-BY, 

By  Edmund  P.  Dole,  of  Hawaii. 

A  STORY  of  municipal  effort  in  enforcing  prohibitory 
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where  he  is  captain  of  a  victorious  crew,  and  retains  it  as 
the  editor  of  a  paper  fighting  a  wealthy  brewer.  The 
novel  is  founded  on  fact,  and  there  are  no  points  in  it 
where  the  reader's  interest  flags.  Cloth,  $1.25. 

"FOR  THE  COUNTRY," 

By  Richard  Watson  Gilder. 

A  COLLECTION  of  the  author's  poems  on  patriotic  sub- 
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including  A  Hero  of  Peace,  The  Heroic  Age,  etc..  which 
voice  the  sentiment  of  good  citizenship  in  times  of  peace. 


Two  Books  by  the  Rev.  Chas.  H.  Parkhurst,  D.D, 


TALKS  TO  YOUNG  MEN. 


TALKS  TO  YOUNG  WOMEN. 


Each  125  pages,  cloth,  $1.00. 


Books  that  People  are  Buying. 


"SONNY." 

Fifth  edition.  By  Ruth  McEnery  Stuart.  "  The  little 
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—  The  Critic.  Cloth,  $1.00. 

QUOTATIONS  FOR  OCCASIONS. 

Fifth  thousand.  By  KatherineB.  Wood.  2500  clever  and 
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THE  CENTURY  COOK-BOOK. 

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600  pages,  strong  cloth,  $2.00. 


ELECTRICITY  FOR  EVERYBODY. 

Seventh  thousand.  By  Philip  Atkinson.  Explaining 
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stood. New  edition,  with  a  chapter  on  the  X-rays,  $1.50. 

WITHOUT  PREJUDICE. 

Second  edition.  The  new  book  by  I.  Zangwill.  A  col- 
lection of  his  brief,  striking  essays  on  current  events.  $1.50. 

THE  CAT  AND  THE  CHERUB. 

Second  edition.  Stories  by  Chester  Bailey  Fernald,  some 
of  them  printed  in  The  Century,  where  they  attracted 
great  attention.  $1.25. 


Sold  by  all  booksellers.     Sent,  postpaid,  by  the  publishers, 

THE  CENTURY  CO.,  Union  Square,  New  York. 


April,  '97] 


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THOMAS  NELSON  &  SONS, 

GOOD   BOOKS  FOR  LIBRARIES. 


THE  CLASSICAL   SERIES: 


Chaucer's  Stories  Simply  Told.  By  MARY 
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Shakespeare's  Stories  Simply  Told.     By 

MARY  SEYMOUR.     i2mo,  cloth  extra,  with  150 
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Tragedies 1.25 

Siege  of  Troy  (The),  and  Wanderings  of 

Ulysses.     By  CHARLES  HENRY  HANSON.     Il- 
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The  endeavor  of  the  author  has  been  to  present  the 
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Journal  of   Researches  Into  the  Natural 

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THOMAS    NELSON    &    SONS, 

PUBLISHERS  AND  IMPORTERS, 

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230  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  \April,  '97 

Having   spent   several   years    in  working  out    im- 
provements   in   library  appliances    for    the  benefit   of 
a   few   libraries,    I  wish  to  announce   that   I  am  now   in 
position   to  bring   the  benefits   of  this   experience  to 
many    libraries   and  professional   men  using   time-sav- 
ing and  nerve-saving  devices.     In   fact,     I  am  anxious 
to  do  so,    as    I  have  associated  myself  with  THE  OFFICE 
&  LIBRARY  CO.,    of    102   and   104  Fulton  St.,    New  York, 
as  manager   of   the  department  of  Library    fittings 
and   supplies,    and  will   be   glad  to   figure  with  you. 

Sincerely  yours,          S.    H.    BERRY. 


Things  are  great,  not  in  proportion  to  their  mere  big- 
ness but  in  proportion  to  their  suitableness  for  the  purpose 
for  which  they  are  made.  Our  card  catalogue  cabinets  are 
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quicker,  easier,  and  safer  than  it  has  ever  been. 

They  have  the  following  points  of  superiority  over  any 
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This  construction,  of  course,  costs  more  to  manufacture 
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to  meet  every  competition  on  a  basis  of  merit. 

We  expect  to  be  just  as  far  in 

the  lead  on  all  a  library  uses  except 

its  books. 

Why   buy   supplies  that   "will 

answer  "  when  the  best  will  cost  no 

more? 

THE  OFFICE  &  LIBRflRY  CO., 

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INKS    AND    ADHESIVES. 


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4.  HIGGINS'   DRAWING-BOARD  AND   LIBRARY    MUCI- 


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Color  Cards  showing  actual  Drawing  Inks,  also  descriptive  circulars  and  full  information  will  be  sent 
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CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Originators  and  Manufacturers, 


INKS  AND  ADHESIVES. 


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UNCLE  SA1TS  SECRETS.    By  O.  P.  AUSTIN. 
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DnUJlU    nDUUJjlJXU,      ARCHITECTURAL     AND     ART     INDUSTRIAL     WORKS, 

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KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

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Paternoster   House,   Charing:   Cross  Road,   London,   Eng-., 

Having  extensive  experience  in  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
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TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES,  HANDBOOKS,  ETC. 


236 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


Sir  John  Lubbock's 


A  Library  of  the  World's  Great  Authors. 

EMBRACING    BOOKS    ON 

The  Arthurian  Legends  and  the  English 
Poets;  History,  Biography,  Political  Econ- 
omy ;  Natural  History  and  Travel ;  Works 
of  a  Religious  and  Devotional  Character; 
French,  German,  and  Italian  Literature ; 
Essays,  Orations ;  Mental  and  floral  Sci- 
ences; Sacred  Books  and  Poetry  of  the 
East ;  Greek  and  Latin  Classics ;  Fiction. 

100    VOLUMES,    12MO,    CLOTH. 

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Embracing  approved  translations  of  a  few  of 
the  Ancient  Classics ;  the  notable  works  in 
English  Literature  from  the  Elizabethan  to 
the  early  years  of  the  Victorian  Era  ;  and  the 
masterpieces  of  the  French,  German,  Italian, 
and  Spanish  Intellects. 

61    VOLUMES,    12MO,    CLOTH. 

The  Carisbrooke  Library. 

(Extension  of  the  Universal  Library.) 

Selected  and  edited  with  introduction  to  each 
volume  by  Prof.  HENRY  MORLEY,  LL.D.,  of 
University  College,  London. 

14    VOLUMES,    12MO,    CLOTH. 

Popular  Historical  and   Ref- 
erence Library  of  Standard 
Authors. 

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40    VOLUMES,    12MO,    CLOTH. 


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tific Books  in  sections,  of  which  the  following 
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Part  1— Steam  and  Mechanical  Engineering, 
Part  2,— Electricity  and  Magnetism, 
Part  3,— Chemical  and  Physical  Science, 

We  shall  be  pleased  to  send  a  complete  set  of 
the  catalogues  to  any  Library  requesting  them. 

CORRESPONDENCE  SOLICITED. 


COIL  AND 

CURRENT; 

Or,  The  Triumphs  of  Electricity. 
By  HENRY  FRITH  and  STEPNEY  RAWSON. 

32O  Papas,    Crotvn   Suo,    CiotA  Sitt, 


"This  is  an  excellent  work,  of  the  popular 
class,  and  gives  an  admirable  idea  of  all  the 
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Electrical  Engineer. 


15  East  12th  St.,  New  York. 


April,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


237 


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MESSRS.  PUTNAfl  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
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Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 

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Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
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The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
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238* 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[April,  '97 


THE 

CONTINENT  OF  AMERICA 

Its  Discovery  and  Its  Baptism. 

AN  ESS  A  Y  ON  THE  NOMENCLA  TURE  OF  THE 
OLD  CONTINENTS. 

A  CRITICAL  AND  BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  INQUIRY  INTO  THE 
NAMING  OK  AMERICA  AND  INTO  THE  GROWTH  OF  THE 
COSMOGRAPHY  OF  THE  NEW  WORLD;  TOGETHER  WITH 
AN  ATTEMPT  TO  ESTABLISH  THE  LANDFALL  OF  COLUM- 
BUS ON  WATLING  ISLAND,  AND  THE  SUBSEQUENT  DIS- 
COVERIES AND  EXPLORATIONS  ON  THE  MAIK  LAND  BY 
AMERICUS  VESPUCIUS. 

By  JOHN  BOYD  THACHER. 

All  important  libraries  should  have  this  book.  It  is 
the  best  collection  of  fac-simile  records  relative  to  the 
discovery  and  early  exploration  of  America  which  has 
ever  been  gathered  together.  Only  private  enterprise 
and  liberality  could  afford  to  issue  such  a  work.  The 
edition  is  limited  and  each  copy  sold  practically  at  cost 
price,  therefore  a  rise  in  value  is  now  to  take  place. 

A  handsome  descriptive  circular  will  be  sent 
on  request. 

WILLIAM   EVARTS   BENJAMIN, 

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174  Fulton  Street,  New  York. 


THE 


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Complete  in  ten  volumes.    Beautifully  il- 
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The  only  adequately  edited  edition  of  Poe's 
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WE  HAVE  JUST  ISSUED 

The  College  Year = Book   and 
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A  valuable  reference-book,  giving  the  history 
and  full  statistics  of  every  college  in  America, 
also  a  valuable  mass  of  general  information  re- 
garding them,  as  well  as  an  alphabetical  direc- 
tory of  every  college  professor  and  instructor  in 
the  United  States.  600  pages,  $2.00,  net. 


STONE  &  KIMBALL, 

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Offers  his  services  to  public  and  private 
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BOOKS  WANTED. 

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The  Tablet  (London),  Aug.  6,  Dec.  3, 1892. 

Public  Library,  Rockford,  III. 
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239 


JUST  PUBLISHED  : 

THE  TH  ACKER  AYS  IN   INDIA  AND 
SOME  CALCUTTA  GRAVES. 

By  Sir  WILLIAM  WILSON  HUNTER,  K.C.S.I.,  M.A.,  LL.D. 

Square  12010,  elegantly  bound    in   art-colored    cloth, 

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of  the  mellowest,  kindest,  and  most  graceful  pages  which 

it  has  been  our  good  fortune  to  discover  in  the  minor 

literature  of  biography.    The  volume  is  full  of  valuable 

historical  notes.' "—New  York  Tribune,  February  14, 1897. 

THE  TREASURY  OF   AMERICAN 
SACRED   SONG. 

With  Notes  Explanatory  and  Biographical.    Selected  and 
Edited  by  W.  GARRETT  HORDER,  Editor  of  "  The  Poet's 
Bible,"  etc.      Beautifully  printed    on   Oxford    Paper. 
i2mo,  cloth,  $2.00 ;  half  vellum,  gilt  top,  $3.00. 
"  An  admirable   bit  of  work  .  .   .  American  authors 
have  grown  so  accustomed  to  a  '  younger  brother's  por- 
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of  exquisite  execution,  but  almost  absolutely  free  from 
error. *—Tke  Nation,  N.  Y.,  December  10,  1896. 


For  sale  by  all  booksellers. 


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240  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {April,  '97 


LONDON:  PARIS:  LEIPZIG: 

2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.,  W.  C.      76  Rue  de  Rennes.      Hospital  St.  10. 


GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT, 


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BETWEEN    UNION   SQUARE  AND   FIFTH    AVENUE. 


THE 


Library   Journal 


OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY    DEVOTED    TO 


Economy  anb 


VOL.  22.     No.  5. 


MAY,  1897. 
Contents. 


PAGE 
•    243 


EDITORIAL 

The  Philadelphia  Conference. 

The  English  International  Conference. 

One  Result  of  Library  Organization. 

J.  N.  Lamed. 

Libraries  as  Disseminators  of  Political  Literature. 

COMMUNICATIONS 244 

A  Card  from  Mr.  Putnam  to  Secretaries  of  Li- 
brary Associations. 

Are  Books  on  Local  Industries  Unnecessary  in 
Public  Libraries  ? 

DEVELOPING  A  TASTE  FOR  GOOD  LITERATURE.  —  W: 
E.  Foster 245 

THE  GUILELESS  WEST  ON  "WEEDING  OUT." — J:  R. 

Harbourne 251 

A  FRENCH  CLASSIFICATION  AND  NOTATION 253 

AN  INDEX  TO  PORTRAITS 253 

RECENT  LIBRARY  LEGISLATION  IN  WISCONSIN.    .    .    .  255 

EXHIBITS   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS,  POSTERS,    ENGRAVINGS, 
ETC.— C:  A.  Cutter 256 

THE  CHILDREN'S  "  STORY  "  BOOKMARK 257 


PACK 
257 


AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

igth  General  Conference,  Philadelphia,  June  21- 

July  i,  1897. 

Later  Notes  on  the  International  Conference. 
Invitation  from  the  Institut  International  de  Bi- 
bliographic. 
A.  L.  A.  Badge. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 261 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 262 

LIBRARY  CLUBS 265 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSHS 267 

REVIEWS 269 

American  Catalogue. 

Brooks.    Bibliography  of  Municipal  Administra- 
tion. 

U.  S.  54th  Congress,  ist  Session,  Index  to  Docu- 
ments and  Reports. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 271 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS 274 

LIBRARIANS 275 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 276 

BlBLIOGRAFY. 278 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 

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244 


{May,  '97 


suit.  Nevertheless  the  library  people  had  no 
sooner  left  the  place  than  action  was  taken  on 
the  lines  suggested  in  the  talk,  and  the  asso- 
ciations have  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that 
as  a  direct  result  of  their  joint  meeting  Atlantic 
City  has  taken  steps  preliminary  to  bringing  it- 
self under  the  library  law  of  New  Jersey  and 
providing  for  a  free  public  library  by  taxation. 
This  is  the  best  of  evidence  of  what  library 
organizations  can  do,  not  only  for  the  library 
profession  but  for  the  reading  public. 


THE  library  profession  has  developed  few 
men  more  scholarly  than  Mr.  J.  N.  Larned, 
whose  recent  papers  at  library  meetings  have 
attracted  very  wide  attention  for  their  out-reach 
and  brilliancy.  This  is  a  new  reputation  added 
to  that  which  Mr.  Larned  has  previously  earned 
as  a  capable  library  administrator,  and  the 
news  that  he  has  resigned  from  the  superin- 
tendence of  the  Buffalo  Library,  under  its  new 
conditions,  has  been  received  with  general  and 
deep  regret.  Mr.  Larned  was  marked  by  pub- 
lic opinion  and  by  the  press  of  Buffalo  as  the 
one  and  only  possible  candidate  for  the  head- 
ship of  the  new  library,  into  which  the  old  li- 
brary has  been  transformed,  and  the  unanimity 
of  this  selection  was  testimony  to  Mr.  Larned's 
effectiveness  which  rejoiced  the  hearts  of  li- 
brarians everywhere.  It  showed  that  good 
work  was  worth  doing,  both  for  itself  and  for 
the  appreciation  that  comes  of  it.  Mr.  Larned's 
retirement  may,  perhaps,  have  the  advantage 
of  bringing  to  literary  work  a  brilliant  and 
worthy  accession,  but  we  trust  nevertheless 
that  it  is  not  his  intention  to  give  up  library 
work  altogether.  

THE  use  of  the  library  method  for  disseminat- 
ing political  information  is  thoroughly  to  be 
commended.  Of  course,  much  of  such  material 
is  partisan  and  much  of  it  is  untrustworthy, 
but,  particularly  in  the  political  field,  authorities 
will  differ  widely  as  to  these  very  qualities  of 
fairness  and  accuracy.  The  librarian,  what- 
ever his  political  or  economic  beliefs,  should  be 
willing  to  let  both  sides  be  heard  and  be  indeed 
desirous  that  the  people  should  seek  to  read 
both  sides.  The  latest  development  in  this 
direction  is  a  plan  of  ex-Governor  Altgeld,  in 
Illinois,  for  the  establishment  in  each  precinct 
of  the  state  of  an  "economic  circulating  li- 
brary." 20  books  are  to  be  furnished  for  $2, 
with  the  intention  that  the  library  should  be 
kept  in  the  hands  of  a  Democratic  volunteer, 


who  will  act  as  librarian  and  recorder  and  see 
that  the  books  are  circulated.  The  plan  is  a 
good  one,  and  ought  to  have  the  co-operation 
of  librarians,  whether  they  agree  or  disagree 
with  the  views  held  by  the  promoters  of  this 
literature.  Indeed,  librarians  should  seek  to 
put  these  very  libraries  on  their  shelves,  and 
the  people  on  the  other  side  in  politics  should 
take  the  hint  and  make  sure  in  their  turn  that 
their  own  side  is  heard. 


Communications. 


A  CA  RD  FROM  MR.  PUTNA  M  TO  SEC  RET  A  RIES 
OF  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TIONS. 

WITH  reference  to  a  paper  which  I  have 
been  asked  to  submit  at  the  international  con- 
ference, I  have  had  occasion  to  call  upon  the 
secretaries  of  the  various  library  clubs  and  as- 
sociations for  various  information.  Will  you 
permit  me  through  the  columns  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  to  thank  these  officers  for  their  prompt 
and  considerate  response  to  my  inquiry.  I  have 
not  been  able  to  contrive  individual  acknowl- 
edgment in  every  case.  HERBERT  PUTNAM. 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  ( 
BOSTON,  MASS,  f 

ARE  BOOKS  ON  LOCAL  INDUSTRIES  UN- 
NECESSARY IN  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES? 

THE  first  time  one  hears  questioned  a  point 
in  the  religious  creed  to  which  he  has  been 
brought  up,  a  shock  is  experienced.  A  like 
shock  came  to  me  the  other  day  when  one 
dogma  preached  by  all  librarians,  in  the  JOUR- 
NAL, in  the  schools,  and  at  conferences,  was 
calmly  set  aside  by  a  practical  business  man. 
After  the  first  gasp,  however,  I  wondered  if 
the  practical  man  was  not  right,  as  against  the 
librarians.  I  refer  to  the  dictum  :  Buy  largely 
in  the  line  of  books  on  the  industries  of  the 
community  in  which  your  library  is  used. 
Now,  it  happens  that  two  industries  are  prom- 
inent in  our  small  city,  and  I  proposed  that  the 
library  buy  certain  iccently-issued  books  on 
these  two  subjects.  Whereupon  the  practical 
man  on  the  committee  responded  :  "What  is 
the  use?  It  would  only  be  a  waste  of  money. 
All  establishments  of  any  importance  nowa- 
days keep  up  libraries  of  their  own,  buying  all 
books  of  value  in  their  own  specialty  as  fast  as 
they  appear."  His  argument  further  was,  as 
I  remember  it,  that  to  these  "office  libraries  " 
the  skilled  workmen  had  access,  while  in  the 
present  extreme  distribution  of  labor,  the  un- 
skilled workman  would  take  nut  the  slightest 
interest  in  such  books  if  on  the  shelves  of  the 
public  library,  that  they  would  therefore  be  so 
much  dead  stock,  while,  like  scientific  books, 
they  would  soon  be  ' '  out  of  date  "  and  unsalable. 

I  confess  that  this  argument,  though  it  contra- 
vened the  good  orthodox  teaching  I  had  re- 
ceived, seemed  cogent.  Have  any  two  or  three 
librarians  statistics  which  will  tend  to  the  re- 
habilitation of  this  article  of  the  librarian's 
creed?  A.  B.  J. 


May,  '97] 


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245 


DEVELOPING  A  TASTE  FOR  GOOD  LITERATURE.* 
BY  W.    E.    FOSTER,    Librarian   Providence  (R.    I.)   Public  Library, 


THE  profession  of  teaching,  I  am  told,  has  its 
joys  of  retrospection,  as  well  as  those  of  present 
experience.  Among  the  former  there  can  be 
few  which  surpass  in  depth  and  intensity  those 
instances  of  character-building  which  the  teach- 
er has  seen  growing  out  of  the  formative  meth- 
ods of  his  own  school.  In  much  the  same  spirit 
as  that  in  which  the  Roman  mother  could  regard 
her  sons  as  her  "jewels"  pre-eminently,  the 
teacher's  mind  reverts  to  those  men  and  women 
who  may  justly  be  regarded  as  instances  of  con- 
spicuous success  in  after  life,  and  who  are  al- 
ways followed  by  him  with  fondest  interest,  as 
having  been  his  former  pupils. 

Yet,  when  we  speak  of  success,  we  need  to 
discriminate.  In  any  rational  view  of  educa- 
tion one  is  forced  to  take  into  account  that  which 
develops  the  man  as  a  whole,  as  distinguished 
from  a  one-sided  or  partial  development.  Some- 
thing certainly  is  lacking  in  our  sense  of  sat- 
isfaction if,  while  the  former  pupil  in  question 
is  indeed  a  mathematical  prodigy,  he  is  wholly 
careless  of  the  finer  courtesies  of  life.  In  the 
same  manner,  there  is  keen  disappointment  if, 
while  he  wins  for  himself,  by  his  intellectual 
acumen,  the  highest  political  positions,  he  is 
seen  to  have  no  regard  for  moral  considerations. 
Still  further,  we  are  justly  unsatisfied  if,  while  his 
business  ability  is  yielding  him  most  lavish  finan- 
cial returns,  he  is  left  with  neither  perceptions 
nor  capabilities  to  be  aroused  by  anything  beyond 
a  daily  ncwpaper.  For  such  a  man  Shakespeare, 
and  Milton,  and  Mendelssohn,  and  Raphael,  and 
Michael  Angelo  have  produced  their  harmonies 
of  music,  of  color,  of  poetry,  or  of  architecture 
in  vain.  For  him  the  wildflower  opens,  the 
thrush  sings,  the  clouds  go  through  their  en- 
trancing transformations  —  all  in  vain. 

But  we  may  go  further  than  this.  Man  is, 
or  should  be,  a  reasoning  animal.  One's  sense 
of  the  fitness  of  things  justly  revolts  at  see- 
ing a  man  who  has  passed  out  from  the  in- 
fluences of  our  schools,  and  whose  mind  is 
flabby  —  all  incapable  of  independent  thinking. 
Such  a  mind  does  not  react  on  what  is  put  into 
it  ;  ;md  when  we  have  said  this,  we  have 
touched  upon  what  is  really  the  fundamental 
defect  in  mental  growth. 

•  Read  before  the  Grammar  School  Section  of  the  R.  I. 
Institute  of  Instruction,  at  Providence,  Oct.  30,  1896. 


There  are,  however,  men  and  women  who 
have  grown  up  in  our  schools,  of  whom  the 
above  unpromising  conditions  are  not  true  — 
who  are  not  intellectually  atrophied,  or  morally 
blind  in  one  eye,  or  mentally  deaf  in  one  ear. 
It  would  be  most  instructive,  would  it  not,  to 
question  them  in  regard  to  the  influences  which 
had  shaped  them.  Their  answers  would  be 
various,  and  yet  they  would  all  possess  a  cer- 
tain unmistakable  family  resemblance.  It  is 
not  from  Richter  alone  that  one  learns  to  reason 
that  a  man  is  sometimes"  seen  to  be  worthy  of 
our  confidence  and  veneration  when  we  can  say 
of  him  "  he  loves  God  and  little  children."  The 
longer  that  we  ourselves  live,  the  harder  we 
find  it,  no  doubt,  to  see  how  any  man's  sensi- 
bilities can  remain  unresponsive  to  the  appeal 
of  natural  scenery,  to  the  appeal  of  the  infi- 
nitely fascinating  life  of  childhood,  or  to  the 
equally  strong  appeal  of  the  world  of  literature. 
Now  all  of  the  instances,  such  as  were  just 
referred  to  above,  may  really  be  reduced  to  two 
types.  The  first  type  is  that  of  the  discipline 
derived  from  contact  with  life  itself.  The  sec- 
ond is  that  of  the  discipline  which  is  derived 
from  such  literature  as  is  surcharged  with  life. 
It  is  not  the  fortune  of  every  child  to  have  a 
father  in  the  army,  or  to  be  drawn  actively 
into  philanthropic  work.  Yet  there  are  few 
children  to  whom  the  vital  force  in  literature 
does  not  make  direct  appeal,  wrapped  up  in 
such  passages,  or  entire  poems,  as  Holmes's 
"Old  Ironsides,"  Longfellow's  "Paul  Revere's 
ride";  Thomas  Buchanan  Read's  "Sheridan's 
ride";  or,  at  a  later  period,  perhaps,  in  Words- 
worth's "Ode  to  duty,"  in  Gray's  "Elegy 
written  in  a  country  churchyard,"  and  in  por- 
tions of  Tennyson's  "  In  memoriam." 

But  literature  is  voluminous  —  particularly 
when  its  masterpieces  are  to  be  made  accessible 
as  wholes  rather  than  in  scraps  or  fragments  — 
and  it  becomes  an  important  question  where  it 
shall  best  be  sought.  Partly,  it  is  true,  in  the 
school  libraries  accessible  in  the  school-build- 
ings; partly  also  in  the  private  libraries  in  the 
homes  of  the  children,  or  of  a  part  of  them; 
partly  also,  and  to  a  greater  extent,  in  the  pub- 
lic libraries.  It  is  a  practical  inquiry,  how  far 
the  two  former  sources  can  be  depended  on. 
Take,  for  instance,  the  authors  last  mentioned 
above  —  Holmes,  Longfellow,  Read,  Words- 


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'97 


worth,  Gray,  and  Tennyson.  Would  the  works 
of  all  of  these  authors  be  accessible  in  the 
homes  of  all  of  your  pupils,  or  even  in  one- 
tenth  of  them  ?  Nothing,  certainly,  would  come 
nearer  the  ideal  condition  of  things  than  to  have 
the  pupil  thus  referred  to  those  treasures  on  the 
shelves  of  his  father's  library,  but  where  this  is 
not  possible,  a  public  library  is  a  clear  neces- 
sity. 

The  school  library,  again,  would  obviously  be 
a  place  whose  appropriateness  as  a  depository 
of  the  widest  range  of  literature  would  be  noth- 
ing short  of  ideal,  if  only  the  limitations  of 
time  and  space  did  not  interpose.  But  the  very 
fact  that  your  building  is  a  "school-building" 
makes  it  impossible  to  give  up  more  than  a 
small  fraction  of  the  entire  space  to  library  pur- 
poses, which  are  here  only  incidental.  More- 
over, the  school  has  its  definite  and  prescribed 
curriculum,  which  makes  it  impossible  to  give 
up  to  this  comprehensive  field  of  literature  more 
than  a  comparatively  small  fraction  of  the  entire 
time.  Here  again  the  footing  of  literature  is 
incidental  only,  rather  than  fundamental;  and 
there  is  still  need  of  the  existence  and  co-opera- 
tion of  the  public  library. 

And  in  saying  this,  let  me  emphasize  the 
word  co-operation.  The  public  library,  in  its 
attitude  toward  this  question  of  the  pupil's  con- 
tact with  literature,  takes  the  school  and  the 
teachers  into  account  at  every  step,  rejoicing 
that  the  pupils  are  to  use  these  resources  under 
the  direction  of  advisers  who  are  so  ideally 
equipped  for  their  work  as  the  teachers  in  the 
schools.  The  public  school,  in  its  turn,  may 
feel  the  satisfaction  of  being  able  to  round  out 
its  more  limited  and  fragmentary  collections 
with  the  wider  resources  of  the  public  library. 

Whether  we  regard  this  contact  with  litera- 
ture on  the  part  of  the  pupil  as  a  source  of  in- 
tellectual growth  and  improvement,  or  as  a 
source  of  intellectual  enjoyment,  both  of  them 
are  legitimate  ends  to  keep  in  view;  but  there 
are  certain  aspects  of  the  matter  which  deserve 
exceptionally  careful  attention.  It  is  possible 
that  some  of  these,  when  not  seen  in  their  true 
relations,  might  present  themselves  as  difficul- 
ties or  as  obstacles;  but  you  will,  I  trust,  agree 
with  me  that  they  are  more  properly  to  be  con- 
ceived of  as  fundamental  distinctions,  the  ob- 
servance of  which  will  materially  increase,  in- 
deed, rather  than  diminish,  the  effectiveness  of 
all  co-operative  measures.  If,  therefore,  we 
begin  with  a  consideration  of  the  subject  on 
the  side  of  intellectual  improvement,  we  are  to 


notice,  in  the  first  place,  that  the  public  library 
—  any  public  library  —  is  not  a  collection  of 
books  for  school-children  alone.  The  very  fact, 
indeed,  that  it  is  a  "public"  library  makes  it 
impossible  that  it  should  be  a  place  for  any  one 
class  of  readers  alone,  whether  pupils,  mecha- 
nicians, philologists,  or  engineers.  The  result- 
ing condition  is  that  discrimination  and  alertness 
are  necessary,  in  profiting  from  the  library's  re- 
sources; and  this  is  to  be  welcomed  rather  than 
deplored. 

I  ask  your  attention,  however,  to  a  second 
observation,  growing  naturally  out  of  the  first. 
From  what  has  just  been  said,  it  follows  that 
intelligent  guidance  is  peculiarly  needful  in  con- 
nection with  the  young  reader's  use  of  the  li- 
brary, as  distinguished  from  that  of  the  average 
adult  reader.  But  here  again  we  have  a  con- 
dition which  is  to  be  welcomed.  Even  if  the 
collection  of  books  which  is  placed  before  the 
child  represented  nothing  but  the  best  in  litera- 
ture, and,  indeed,  the  most  vital  in  literature, 
consider  what  an  added  benefit  comes  to  him, 
in  being  introduced  to  a  book  through  this 
guidance  of  an  interested  friend.  As  a  result, 
it  is  not  merely,  as  John  Milton  has  so  impres- 
sively named  it,  "the  precious  life-blood  of  a 
master  spirit,"  in  the  shape  of  a  book,  coming 
in  contact  with  this  young  life,  "but  it  is  this 
contact  brought  about  through  the  intervention 
of  a  human  life  and  (of)  human  interest."  It 
is  "literature,  plus  life."  This  intervening 
human  life  may  be  that  of  a  teacher,  a  parent, 
a  librarian,  or  other  friend  of  the  child;  and 
such  opportunities  are  within  the  reach  of  nearly 
every  teacher. 

I  have  mentioned  intelligent  guidance  ;  and 
let  me  emphasize  the  word  "intelligent";  for 
few  things  would  be  less  difficult  than  to  sup- 
ply this  guidance  unwisely  and  unnecessarily. 
The  true  position,  for  the  most  part,  to  take, 
both  in  library  work  and  outside,  is  to  remain 
in  the  background,  carefully  observant,  in- 
deed, of  the  unfolding  mind  of  the  'child,  but 
leaving  the  pupil  to  learn  how  to  help  himself, 
and,  in  particular,  "interfering"  only  when  it 
becomes  evident  that  he  needs  the  help,  and,  of 
course,  when  it  is  a  question  of  protecting  him 
from  the  tendency  to  acquire  a  taste  for  bad 
books.  It  is  at  this  point  that  the  orbit  of  our 
subject  of  English  literature  touches  that  of 
English  composition  ;  and,  in  order  more  defi- 
nitely to  appreciate  the  direction  in  which  the 
mind  of  the  child  is  frequently  observed  to  be 
working,  let  us  imagine  two  specific  instances  — 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


247 


one  coming  under  the  head  of  the  "literatare 
of  knowledge,"  and  the  other  coming  under  the 
head  of  the  "literature  of  power"  (to  cite  De 
Quincey's  familiar  distinction).  As  an  instance 
of  the  former  type,  we  will  suppose  that  you 
send  a  boy  to  the  public  library  for  material  in 
connection  with  a  school  essay  which  he  is  to 
present,  on  "Cyrus  W.  Field  and  the  Atlantic 
cable."  Here  the  pupil  goes  from  one  refer- 
ence-book to  another;  and  from  one  biography 
to  another,  until  he  has  accumulated  all  that  he 
needs.  He  really  cannot  invent  any  facts  about 
Mr.  Field;  and  his  work,  unless  he  be  more  than 
ordinarily  fortunate,  is  chiefly  to  use  those  facts 
which  the  books  supply.  As  a  result,  while  his 
stock  of  knowledge  is  increased,  and  while 
there  has  been  some  incidental  practice  in  the 
use  of  the  English  language,  he  has  not  been 
brought  in  contact  with  any  special  uplift.  As 
an  instance,  however,  of  the  other  type,  we 
will  suppose  that  you  send  him  to  the  library  on 
this  very  different  errand  —  namely,  to  write  on 
"  New  England  life  in  Whittier's  poetry." 
Here  his  mission  will  be  —  or  should  be  —  not 
to  apply  for  books  about  Whittier's  poetry,  but 
to  ask  for  Whittier  himself  —  his  poetry,  and 
his  letters,  and  his  essential  life.  This  is  the 
other  type,  and  it  is  well  named  the  "  literature 
of  power."  For  any  pupil  who  recognizes  his 
opportunity,  an  exercise  like  this  is  a  means 
of  expanding  his  mental  tissues,  of  discover- 
ing the  real  contents  of  his  own  mind,  and 
even  of  developing  his  mastery  over  his  own 
will. 

What,  in  brief,  are  the  methods  which  lead 
in  the  direction  of  our  own  intellectual  growth, 
within  this  field?  There  are  three  injunc- 
tions of  especial  importance — to  all  of  us,  in- 
deed, (i)  In  one's  reading  in  preparation  for 
writing  on  any  controverted  subject,  read  all 
sides  of  the  discussion,  and  not  in  a  one-sided 
way.  (2)  In  writing  a  criticism  of  an  author, 
or  his  book,  read  what  has  been  said  of  the 
work  by  other  writers  (if  at  all),  after,  rather 
than  before  putting  your  own  ideas  in  form. 
(3)  In  choosing  a  subject  (when  the  choice  is 
left  to  you),  give  the  preference  to  the  type  of 
subject  which  demands  the  maximum  expendi- 
ture of  thought  on  your  part,  instead  of  the 
minimum. 

We  here  approach  one  of  the  most  perplex- 
ing of  all  the  problems  connected  with  the  train- 
ing of  pupils  —  the  reluctance  of  the  pupil  to 
exercise  his  own  powers  of  thought  and  expres- 
sion. It  is  no  part  of  my  purpose  to  touch 


upon  what  may  appropriately  be  called  the 
school  aspect  of  this  question,  as  seen  in  the 
efforts  made  for  years  past  to  free  the  pupil 
from  slavish  dependence  on  text-books  ;  to 
minimize  the  necessity  for  memorizing  (in  cer- 
tain studies);  and,  in  brief,  to  avoid  educational 
ruts.  Let  me,  however,  point  out  the  fact  that 
it  is  an  equally  vital  problem  from  the  library's 
point  of  view,  and  that  it  is  so  regarded  by  li- 
brarians. In  fact,  could  a  teacher  stand  with 
me,  by  the  side  of  his  pupils  as  they  approach 
the  information-desk  at  the  Public  Library,  with 
their  various  inquiries,  he  would  be  surprised 
to  see  in  how  many  instances  they  are  skilfully 
"  switched  off,"  and  are  led  to  take  up  a  course 
which  is  far  less  "summary"  and  labor-saving 
than  they  had  at  first  had  in  mind,  and  which  is 
consequently  more  instructive  and  more  certain 
to  cause  their  own  minds  to  react.  The  "  steer- 
ing "  possibilities  of  this  library  officer  are,  I 
think,  not  generally  appreciated. 

Even  in  the  comparatively  less  suggestive 
field  of  the  "  literature  of  knowledge,"  the  pu- 
pil is  here  dissuaded  from  slavishly  transfer- 
ring the  substance  of  a  single  cyclopaedia  article 
to  his  own  pages,  and  is  encouraged  to  make  a 
comparison  of  different  statements  of  the  same 
thing.  Moreover,  in  the  work  of  thus  consult- 
ing reference-books,  the  aim  is,  invariably,  "to 
help  the  pupil  to  help  himself."  Few  library 
experiences  are  more  delightful  than  the  op- 
portunity of  coming  in  contact  with  these  young 
people  who  are  learning  their  own  mental 
powers,  both  in  the  use  of  the  reference-books, 
outside  the  counter,  and  in  calling  for  those  on 
the  shelves  inside,  and  I  will  say,  in  passing, 
that  at  our  library  much  disappointment  would 
be  saved  to  the  pupils  if  different  subjects  could 
more  frequently  be  given  to  different  pupils  in- 
stead of  the  same  subject  to  nearly  all  the  mem- 
bers of  a  large  class,  and  also  if  notice  could 
generally  be  sent  to  us  in  advance. 

But  in  the  field  of  the  "  literature  of  power," 
even  more  is  it  true  that  the  effect  of  a  stimu- 
lating writer  like  Burns  or  Whittier  on  the 
young  mind  is  to  fix  the  pupil's  attention  on  his 
own  feeling  of  interest  in  the  author  and  of  ad- 
miration for  him;  and  he  is  consequently  less 
likely  to  seek  out  what  others  —  even  though 
they  be  eminent  writers  —  may  have  written 
about  him. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  he  is  less  likely 
to  do  this  at  the  age  when  he  comes  under  the 
care  of  the  teacher  in  the  grammar  school,  since 
the  tendency  to  fall  into  this  abuse  is  observed 


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[May,  '97 


in  most  libraries  to  be  almost  in  exact  propor- 
tion as  the  pupil  or  student  advances  in  years, 
namely,  only  slightly  in  the  grammar-school 
pupil,  more  so  in  the  high-school  pupil,  and  still 
more  so  in  the  undergraduate  college  student 
(though  obviously  not  in  the  graduate  student). 
There  is  an  obvious  connection  between  this 
abuse,  or  tendency  to  abuse,  on  the  part  of  the 
pupils,  and  the  phenomenon,  already  mentioned 
above,  of  "flabbiness"  of  mind  in  the  adult 
citizen,  of  inability  to  think  independently,  and 
of  one's  mind  holding  "  the  last  new  idea  loosely, 
until  it  is  dislodged  by  the  next  comer  "  ;  and 
it  is  well  worth  all  the  pains  which  we  may  take 
to  counteract  it. 

There  are,  let  me  say,  three  significant  rea- 
sons why  we  may  co-operate  in  efforts  to 
counteract  this  harmful  tendency,  with  peculiar 
hopefulness.  The  first  of  these  is  found  in  the 
plastic  character  of  the  child's  mind  at  this 
period;  the  second  in  the  fact  that  he  comes  in 
contact,  at  the  school  and  at  the  library  as  well, 
with  interested  friends  and  guardians,  keenly 
alive  to  the  importance  of  the  problem;  and  the 
third,  in  the  almost  incalculable  potency  inherent 
in  the  literature  itself  to  awaken  the  child's 
mind,  to  unfold  its  powers,  to  develop  its  capa- 
bilities. 

When,  however,  we  pass  to  the  consideration 
of  the  other  side  of  the  subject,  namely,  the 
child's  contact  with  literature  as  a  source  of 
pleasure,  we  find  here  a  far  more  potent  reason 
than  any  which  have  been  named  above  why 
our  efforts  to  introduce  the  young  reader  to  the 
best  literature  may  justly  be  regarded  as  hope- 
ful. The  innate  capacity,  in  the  child's  own 
mind,  for  an  interested  grasp  upon  a  literary 
production,  may  be  variously  designated  as  his 
"  love  "  for  it  or  his  "  taste  "  for  it,  but  in  either 
case  it  is  one  of  the  strongest  motives  to  be 
reckoned  with.  Indeed,  one  may  say  of  the 
passion  of  love,  as  Emerson  has  said  of  the  ori- 
ental divinity: 

"  They  reckon  ill  who  leave  me  .out." 

This,  indeed,  is  true,  whether  the  object  of 
the  passion  be  an  inferior  one  or  an  exalted  one. 
While,  however,  it  is  a  matter  for  congratula- 
tion when  a  pupil  loses  his  hold  on  bad  litera- 
ture, and  develops  a  taste  for  good  literature,  it 
is  to  be  remembered  that  not  all  good  literature 
is  of  the  same  type. 

There  is  another  careful  distinction  to  be 
made,  and  one  which  is  sometimes  a  complicated 
rather  than  a  simple  problem.  Since  the  mind 
of  the  child  is  necessarily  a  growing  mind,  one 


not  unnaturally  looks  to  see  it  appropriate  one 
kind  of  nourishment  at  one  stage  of  its  develop- 
ment, and  another  and  different  kind  at  a  later 
stage;  and  consequently  we  are  familiar  with  the 
distinctions  between  what  is  called  "juvenile 
fiction"  and  "  adult  fiction  ";  "science  for  the 
young"  and  "science"  proper;  "poetry  for 
children"  and  "poetry"  in  general.  This  is 
probably  right  and  proper,  provided  that  we  do 
not  insist  too  rigidly  on  our  labelling  and  pig- 
eon-holing process,  in  every  instance.  It  is 
true  that  there  are  certain  English  poets  —  as 
Robert  Browning  and  Matthew  Arnold  —  whose 
poetry  we  ourselves  now  approach  with  an  in- 
sight into  the  deeper  meaning  of  it  which  we 
probably  should  have  missed  in  reading  it  as 
children,  while  we  should  not  perhaps  have 
missed  any  very  large  part  of  Longfellow  or 
Whittier.  Yet  the  work  of  a  given  poet  will 
sometimes  differ  in  a  very  marked  manner  in 
this  respect  (as  Milton,  for  instance,  a  large 
part  of  whose  poetry  requires  to  be  grown  up 
to,  while  certain  poems,  as  his  "  Hymn  on  the 
morning  of  Christ's  Nativity,"  can  be  appre- 
ciated and  enjoyed  by  any  child);  and,  above 
all,  it  should  be  remembered  that  children  differ 
from  each  other  most  strikingly  in  the  capacity 
to  apprehend  the  finer  shades  of  meaning  and 
expression;  and  few  things  are  easier  than  to 
underrate  the  child's  capabilities  in  this  respect. 
Surely  here  is  a  field  where  the  long-continued 
and  persistent  attention  which  has  been  paid  to 
child-study  during  the  past  few  years  ought  to 
serve  us  in  choosing  intelligently  the  reading  of 
the  individual  child  ;  and  particularly  in  know- 
ing how  promptly  a  child  may,  in  a  given  in- 
stance, be  introduced  to  the  authors  themselves, 
as  distinguished  from  selections  or  "  school- 
editions,"  even  though  these  school-editions  be 
of  the  best  type. 

Both  in  the  commonly  received  view  of  the 
distinction  above  mentioned,  between  children's 
reading  and  adult  reading,  and  also  in  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  curriculum,  classical  literature 
is  usually  assigned  to  a  later  period  than  that  of 
the  grammar  school.  Yet  it  is  impossible  to  read 
certain  English  poets  —  notably  Milton,  Shelley, 
and  Wordsworth  —  without  encountering  char- 
acters, scenes,  and  passages  which  have  been 
brought  into  English  literature  from  the  classic 
writers.  Instances  also  are  very  far  from  un- 
common where  the  child's  interest  in  the  classic 
narrative,  and  its  rare  charm,  have  not  only 
familiarized  him  with  such  books  as  Bulfinch's 
"Age  of  fable"  and  Mr.  Gayley's  more  recent 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


249 


work  based  on  it,  but  also  with  such  a  collec- 
tion of  translations  into  English  as  Appleton's 
"Greek  poets  in  English  verse,"  or  with  some 
one  of  the  English  versions  of  the  "  Iliad  "  and 
"  Odyssey,"  as  a  whole,  in  advance  of  the  time 
when  these  are  reached  as  a  part  of  the  school 
course.  We  are  not  unfamiliar  with  the  com- 
mon complaint  of  the  wooden,  unresponsive,  un- 
appreciative  way  in  which  the  classical  writers 
are  too  often  rendered  into  English  by  pupils 
who  approach  them  as  a  school  task,  and  one  can 
but  be  thankful  for  any  such  experience  as 
that  which  has  been  cited  above,  preparing  the 
pupil  as  it  does,  in  advance,  for  an  enthusiastic 
rather  than  perfunctory  welcome  of  these  au- 
thors, whose  literary  charm  had  already  been 
tasted  in  the  lower  schools.  For  such  a  pupil, 
the  reading  of  Ovid  is  largely  a  series  of  remi- 
niscences of  his  earlier  reading,  in  English  litera- 
ture, while  his  reading  of  Homer  is  even  more 
emphatically  an  enhanced  delight  to  him.  It 
is  a  striking  fact  that  much  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful work  with  children  in  developing  their 
taste  for  standard  English  literature  has  had  as 
its  basis  some  volume  of  classic  myths,  or  of 
Teutonic  myths,  or  of  fairy  stories,  or  folk- 
lore. Students  of  folk-lore,  as  well  as  those  en- 
gaged in  child-study,  will  observe  with  unusual 
interest  these  significant  tendencies. 

There  is,  however,  "noble  prose"  in  our 
English  literature  as  well  as  "  noble  poetry." 
It  is  true  that  poetry  appeals  more  to  what  Mr. 
Lamed  has  called  "that  inner  sense  of  rhyth- 
mic motion  "  —  innate,  apparently  in  nearly  all 
children—  than  prose  can  possibly  do;  and  yet 
prose  has  more  numerous  avenues  of  making 
impressions  on  us  than  poetry.  It  is  our  daily 
medium  for  the  use  of  our  native  tongue;  and, 
consequently,  the  good  and  the  bad  in  it  are 
alike  sure  of  impressing  themselves  on  our  at- 
tention. For  this  reason,  indeed,  a  familiarity 
with  the  most  perfect  instances  of  prose  is  most 
desirable,  as  a  touchstone  to  discover  the  in- 
stances of  slipshod  English,  or  of  overloaded 
pedantry;  of  newspaper  fine  writing,  or  of 
spread-eagle  oratory.  Such  a  corrective  will  be 
found  in  that  stately  passage  from  John  Mil- 
ton's "  Areopagitica,"  beginning  :  "  Methinks  I 
see,  in  my  mind,  a  noble  and  puissant  nation 
rousing  herself  like  a  strong  man  after  sleep, 
and  shaking  her  invincible  locks,"  or  in  those 
almost  incomparable  passages  in  Abraham  Lin- 
coln's second  inaugural  address  and  his  Gettys- 
burg address. 

One  more  distinction'rcmains  to  be  made.    In 


an  earlier  part  of  this  paper  the  tendency  of  pu- 
pils to  memorize  was  incidentally  mentioned  as 
one  of  the  abuses  to  be  guarded  against.  Yet 
while  it  is  true  that  the  memory  is  sometimes 
allowed  to  become  a  bad  master,  it  is  no  less 
true  that  it  may  be  made  one  of  the  best  of 
servants.  Whether  it  shall  be  the  one  or  the 
other  depends  largely  upon  what  the  field  of  its 
operation  is  ;  and  in  this  particular  the  field 
which  is  engaging  our  attention  at  present 
—  that  of  literature  —  differs  diametrically,  as 
has  been  more  than  once  pointed  out,  from  such 
fields,  for  example,  as  history  or  natural  science. 
In  history,  while  you  place  a  text-book  in  the 
pupil's  hand,  you  recognize  that,  however  skil- 
fully the  writer  of  the  text-book  may  have 
labored,  to  make  his  own  expression  of  the  his- 
toric fact  a  broadly  universal  one,  rather  than 
one  reflecting  simply  his  individual  point  of 
view,  and  expressing  his  personal  equation,  yet 
the  pupil  by  no  means  derives  from  it  the  bene- 
fit which  he  should,  unless  he  breaks  away,  so 
far  as  possible,  from  storing  his  memory  with  the 
author's  phraseology,  and  restates  it  in  terms 
of  his  own.  In  natural  science  the  same  need 
is  encountered,  and  in  an  intensified  form.  So 
rapid  has  been  the  progress  — so  "breathless," 
one  might  even  say  —  in  some  such  departments, 
as  electricity,  from  year  to  year,  that  a  student 
who  should  have  laboriously  stored  his  mind,  in 
1866,  with  the  exact  phraseology  of  a  text-book 
of  that  period,  would  to-day  possess,  in  the  cus- 
tody of  his  memory,  instead  of  exact  informa- 
tion, an  uncommonly  large  store  of  misinforma- 
tion. The  reason  why  the  opposite  to  this  is 
true  in  literature  is  obvious.  What  the  child 
here  comes  in  contact  with  is  not  some  one's  in- 
effective expression  of  the  piece  of  literature,  at 
second  hand,  but  the  thing  itself.  So  that  when 
the  child  is  committing  to  the  precious  keeping 
of  his  memory  Shelley's  "Ode  to  a  sky-lark," 
or  Bryant's  "  Thanatopsis,"  or  Wordsworth's 
"  Ode  on  intimations  of  immortality,"  he  is  stor- 
ing it  with  treasure  in  which  there  is  no  alloy. 
To  the  pertinent  question  where,  if  this  be  so, 
any  opportunity  comes  in  for  the  pupil's  mind 
to  react,  there  is  the  obvious  answer  that  while 
the  verbal  expression  of  the  piece  of  literature 
in  question  is  as  immobile  as  a  marble  statue, 
the  spiritual  sense  which  therein  makes  its  ap- 
peal to  the  pupil's  mind  is  as  mobile  as  a  thing 
of  life.  In  this  word  "  appeal,"  indeed,  presup- 
posing as  it  docs  something  in  the  pupil's  mind 
on  which  to  take  hold,  is  the  significant  fact  re- 
vealed. 


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[May,  '97 


Let  us  look,  then,  at  some  of  the  ways  in 
which  memory  is  a  good  servant  to  the  pupil, 
in  connection  with  these  treasures  of  literature. 
First  of  all,  such  a  literary  masterpiece  is  many- 
sided.  Were  we  to  know  it  only  from  its  as- 
pect on  the  printed  page,  and  then  pass  on  to 
the  next,  our  view  of  it  would  be  as  inadequate 
as  the  conception  which  a  traveller  may  have 
gained  of  the  shape  and  outline  of  the  Mount 
Washington  range  who  sees  it  from  Fabyan's 
only,  but  does  not  correct  this  observation  of 
his  by  afterwards  viewing  it  successively  from 
Jefferson,  from  Randolph,  from  Gorham,  from 
the  Glen,  and  from  North  Conway.  Rather,  let 
the  inexhaustible  perfection  of  thought,  of  poetic 
form,  of  feeling,  of  sympathy  with  life,  embod- 
ied, for  instance,  in  Milton's  "  Lycidas,"  have 
an  opportunity  to  sink  into  one's  mind,  to  filter, 
as  we  might  say,  into  one's  consciousness,  not 
in  one  year  only,  but  in  a  long  succession  of 
years,  as  one  is  walking,  or  travelling  by  train, 
or  waking  from  sleep,  or  dressing,  or  waiting 
for  a  friend  —  the  poem  itself,  as  written  on  the 
tablets  of  the  memory,  all  independently  of  the 
printed  page.  So  only  will  one  be  able  to  esti- 
mate it  even  at  its  approximate  value. 

Again  the  mind  comes  to  demand,  under  con- 
ditions like  these,  the  entire  poem,  rather  than 
a  fragment  —  wholes,  rather  than  extracts.  We 
may  recognize  to  the  full  the  appeal  which  even 
a  single  line  may  make,  to  the  mind  which  is 
sensitive  to  delicate  impressions  —  the  "flavor," 
so  to  speak,  which  is  irresistible  in  such  single 
and  disconnected  lines  as  these  : 

1  The  uncertain  glory  of  an  April  day." 

*  Deep  as  first  love,  and  wild  with  all  regret." 

'  Wisdom  married  to  immortal  verse." 

'  The  breezy  call  of  incense-breathing  morn." 

'  Thy  liquid  notes  that  close  the  eye  of  day." 

Yet  these  are  but  the  charm  to  win  us  on  to  an 
acquaintance  with  the  poem  as  a  whole.  More- 
over, this  perfection  of  felicity  we  find  belongs 
to  this  piece  of  literature,  as  a  whole,  rather 
than  to  its  isolated  details.  In  music  a  really 
exquisite  composition  is  one  which  does  not  leave 
us  satisfied  with  a  single  hearing  of  it.  We  de- 
mand it  again  and  again,  as  if  to  exhaust  (if 
that  were  possible)  all  the  secret  of  its  inex- 
haustible charm. 

These  last  -  mentioned  considerations  may 
have  a  value  to  us  as  throwing  some  light  on 
the  specific  measures  whereby  co-operation  be- 
tween the  school  and  the  library  may  be  most 
effectively  secured  in  this  direction.  You  will, 
of  course,  find  at  the  library  the  complete 


editions  of  such  writers  as  have  been  men- 
tioned in  this  paper  —  editions  prepared  with  no 
thought  of  any  special  use  by  young  readers. 
Within  the  past  few  years,  however,  so  gen- 
eral has  been  the  desire  on  the  part  of  teachers 
to  utilize  every  promising  agency  for  develop- 
ing the  child's  interest  in  the  best  literature, 
that  a  considerable  number  of  annotated  and  spe- 
cially prepared  editions  of  these  authors  have 
been  undertaken,  with  special  reference  to  their 
use  by  young  readers.  Though  issued  by  vari- 
ous publishers,  they  have,  for  the  most  part, 
had  the  good  fortune  to  fall  into  the  hands  of 
men  eminently  fitted  to  give  them  the  treatment 
which  they  require.  For  instance,  the  edition 
of  Macaulay's  "  Lays  of  ancient  Rome,"  which 
Mr.  William  J.  Rolfe  has  given  us,  is  a  book 
whose  attractiveness  would  win  almost  any 
school-boy.  Mr.  Edwin  Ginn's  edition  of  Scott's 
"Lady  of  the  lake  "  also  has  much  which  ap- 
peals to  the  teacher  as  well  as  the  pupil.  There 
is,  moreover,  the  great  addition  to  these  re- 
sources which  the  intelligent  care  of  another 
Boston  publisher,  and  that  of  the  broad-minded 
teachers  whom  he  has  associated  with  him, 
have  given  us  within  the  past  few  years,  in  the 
shape  of  the  "Riverside  literature  series,"  the 
"Riverside  school  series,"  and  the  "Riverside 
library  for  young  people  "  ;  and  there  are  still 
others.  Teachers  have  found  it  a  decided  boon 
to  be  able  to  have  these  and  other  books,  suit- 
able to  use  in  connection  with  the  reading  of 
children,  in  large  numbers,  and  for  long  periods; 
and  it  has  been  a  great  pleasure  within  the  past 
few  years  for  the  managers  of  this  library  to 
accede  to  both  these  requests. 

We  all  know  how  fruitful  is  that  work  within 
the  field  covered  by  this  discussion,  which  is 
disinterested  and  unperfunctory;  and  how  hope- 
less, I  might  add,  is  that  which  is  merely  per- 
functory. We  may  occupy  the  greater  part  of 
our  lives  in  the  search  for  the  best  way  to  make 
the  children  whom  we  influence  love  good  liter- 
ature, but  we  shall  find  no  way  more  effective 
than  this  —  to  love  it  ourselves.  There  is  no 
more  world-wide  difference  between  bringing 
cold  steel  in  contact  with  dry  wood,  and  bring- 
ing a  burning  coal  near  the  same  dry  wood, 
than  there  is  between  the  attempt  to  have  the 
child  taught  to  love  good  literature  by  one 
who  cares  nothing  for  it  himself,  and  hav- 
ing the  same  thing  undertaken  by  a  teacher 
whose  heart  is  almost  glowing  with  a  passion 
for  it.  After  an  observation  of  the  successive 
classes  of  children  who  for  the  past  18  years 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


25' 


and  more  have  come  up  to  use  the  public  li- 
brary under  an  intellectual  impulse  received 
from  their  teachers,  permit  me  to  bear  my 
testimony  to  the  noteworthy  extent  to  which 
the  personality  of  the  teacher  has  impressed 
itself  on  this  use  of  books  by  the  pupils.  At 
one  school  the  principal  is  under  the  influ- 
ence of  a  passion  for  nature,  and  nothing  is 
more  certain  than  the  impress  which  the  pupil's 
mind  has  received  therefrom.  At  another 
school,  the  principal  takes  an  exceptional  inter- 
est in  the  ethical  bearings  of  every  subject ;  at 
another,  in  civil  government  ;  and  in  these  and 


all  such  instances,  a  corresponding  tendency 
does  not  fail  to  show  itself  in  the  pupils.  Had 
the  mental  habit  of  these  teachers  been  inert  and 
colorless,  it  would  have  been  next  to  useless  to 
expect  the  minds  of  their  pupils  to  manifest  in- 
terest in  literature,  or  to  react  on  what  they 
have  been  brought  in  contact  with,  as  they 
have  done  in  many  instances.  It  is  for  more 
(and  more  fully  developed)  work  in  precisely 
these  lines  that  I  now  express  my  hope,  and 
make  my  appeal;  and  teachers  may  be  assured 
that  they  will  find  the  public  library  a  cheerful 
co-operator  in  all  such  enterprises. 


THE  GUILELESS  WEST  ON  "WEEDING    OUT." 
BY   JOHN   W.    HARBOURNE,    Librarian   Free   Library,   Alameda,    Cal. 


ASSUMING  it  to  be  desirable  that  in  the  pages 
of  the  JOURNAL  the  widest  possible  range  should 
be  given  to  the  discussion  of  subjects  of  vital 
interest  to  public  libraries,  I,  as  a  librarian 
poised  on  the  extreme  outer  edge  of  the  sunset- 
land  —  beyond  which  there  is  nothing  in  range 
—  rise  to  offer  a  few  remarks,  partly  in  reply 
to,  and  otherwise  concerning,  an  article  by  Mr. 
Stevenson,  of  the  Carnegie  Library,  in  your 
March  number. 

Mr.  Stevenson  is  sorely  exercised  over  the 
large  percentage  of  fiction  read  by  his  patrons, 
and  proposes  checking  the  demand  by  curtail- 
ing the  supply;  and  the  more  speedily  and 
effectually  to  accomplish  this  end,  he  begins  by 
weeding  out  the  authors  which  —  according  to 
his  own  showing  —  find  most  favor  with  Car- 
negie readers.  In  short,  by  cutting  off  what 
they  do  want  he  purposes  compelling  them  to 
take  what  they  don't  want.  Nothing  could  be 
simpler  if  he  can  make  it  work.  Here,  in  the 
remote  and  guileless  west,  he  would  find  it 
work  elegantly.  People  here  never  hesitate 
about  taking  what  they  don't  want,  and  they 
invariably  take  it  in  a  forcible  manner  if  nec- 
cessary. 

Let  me  compare  our  Alameda  library  with 
that  of  Allegheny,  Pa.  Mr.  Stevenson's  re- 
port for  1896  shows  29,316  v.,  a  loss  of  38;  and 
issued  for  home  use  122,784.  Receipts  $15,000; 
expenses  $14,995.  Average  for  fiction  86.69 
per  cent.  My  report  for  the  same  year  shows 
20, 416  v.,  loss  21;  issued  for  home  use  115,126. 
Receipts  $8405;  expenses  $7359.  Average  for 
fiction  and  juvenile  68  per  cent.  The  population 
of  Alameda,  be  it  remembered,  is  15,000,  as 


against  a  population  of  over  105,000  in  Alle- 
gheny. 

Mr.  Stevenson  dwells  with  much  weight 
upon  the  superior  culture  of  Allegheny,  yet  his 
percentage  for  fiction  is  86.69,  while  Alameda, 
geographically  situated  far  beyond  the  outer- 
most limits  of  the  region  to  which  culture  is 
indigenous,  shows  only  68  per  cent,  for  fiction. 
This  looks  bad  for  culture.  But  there  is  worse 
to  follow;  for  Mr.  Stevenson  tells  us  that  in 
Boston  the  percentage  of  fiction  is  so  high  that 
the  librarians  there  are  ashamed  to  publish  re- 
turns. Now,  there  are  two  things  for  which 
Boston  is  world-famed  —  culture  and  baked 
beans.  And  right  here  we  get  some  pointers 
which  ought  to  be  of  service  to  Mr.  Stevenson. 
In  Alameda,  where  people  go  little  on  culture 
and  still  less  on  beans,  the  proportion  of  fiction 
is  low.  In  Allegheny,  which  is  high  in  culture 
and  uncertain  on  beans,  the  proportion  is  large; 
while  in  Boston,  which  is  exuberant  in  culture 
and  insatiable  on  beans,  the  percentage  is  un- 
mentionably  great.  "The  moral  of  which" 
is:  that  a  superlative  degree  of  fiction  inevita- 
bly accompanies  excess  of  culture,  with  beans 
on  the  side. 

We  have  on  the  shelves  of  our  library  all  of 
the  authors  whom  Mr.  Stevenson  proposes  to 
weed  out  to  as  to  discourage  and  lessen  the 
demand  for  fiction.  His  example  is  one  which 
my  experience  does  not  in  the  least  incline  me  to 
follow,  for  I  stand  upon  a  much  broader  base 
than  Mr.  Stevenson  concerning  the  functions  of 
a  public  library,  in  that  I  hold  that  it  should  be 
designed  to  entertain,  and  thereby  attract  the  young 
from  objectionable  pleasures \  as  well  as  to  instruct. 


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\_Mav,  '97 


Let  me  give  Mr.  Stevenson  a  suggestion, 
which,  in  the  light  of  my  own  experience  will, 
I  believe,  much  better  serve  the  end  he  has  in 
view  than  his  proposed  weeding  out,  and  that  is: 
to  allow  the  public  fret  access  to  his  shelves.  Let 
them  select  from  the  books  and  not  from  a 
catalog,  and  within  a  period  the  brevity  of 
which  will  surprise  him,  the  system,  if  proper- 
ly handled  will,  I  am  sure,  inevitably  surprise 
him  more.  Four  years  ago,  when  I  took 
charge  of  this  library,  the  circulation  was 
51,332  volumes  for  home  use,  the  percentage 
for  fiction  was  89  per  cent.,  and  the  cost  of 
service  four  cents  and  one  mill  per  volume 
(salaries  being  the  basis).  As  soon  as  possible 
after  my  induction  I  introduced  the  system  of 
free  access,  and  as  a  result,  now,  with  an  issue 
of  115,126  for  home  use,  the  percentage  for  fic- 
tion is  reduced  to  68  per  cent.,  and  the  cost  of 
service  to  two  cents  and  one  mill.  This  result 
has  been  attained  without  any  weeding  out;  and 
it  has  been  my  experience,  both  as  librarian  and 
for  18  years  as  a  bookseller  in  the  cosmopolitan 
city  of  San  Francisco,  that  people,  of  their  own 
volition,  almost  invariably  work  from  the 
lighter  to  the  higher  classes  of  literature. 

Mr.  Stevenson  avers  that  the  works  of  Roe, 
Alger,  "  Marion  Harland,"  and  others,  which 
he  proposes  to  exclude,  are  "not  literature." 
This,  taken  in  conjunction  with  another  aver- 
ment recently  promulgated  at  the  opposite  end 
of  the  state  to  that  whereon  Mr.  Stevenson  is 
perched,  would  seem  to  indicate  that  Pennsyl- 
vania is  a  sort  of  stamping-ground  of  those  hold- 
ing, and  prepared  to  express,  peculiar  views  as 
to  what  constitutes  the  literature  which  people 
may,  without  incurring  odium,  be  permitted  to 
read. 

Hamlin  Garland,  one  of  the  best  known  of 
modern  American  writers  of  fiction,  has  also 
become  sadly  worried  over  the  taste  shown  by 
many  people  for  the  works  of  that  much-be- 
loved author,  Charles  Dickens.  In  connection 
with  this  matter,  one  of  our  most  noted  Cali- 
fornian  editors  reaches  out  for  Mr.  Garland 
thus:  "Genius,  Hamlin  Garland,  was  a  valet 
to  Charles  Dickens  before  you  commenced  to 
sprinkle  the  sickening  sugar  of  your  'polish' 
on  the  frosted  cake  of  your  English.  He  read 
stories  in  human  faces  so  grandly  sweet,  so 
tenderly  touching,  so  pure  in  thought  and  in 
teaching,  that  no  man  has  read  Charles  Dick- 
ens and  not  been  a  better  man  for  it;  and  no 
woman  has  perused  his  pages  and  not  been 
brought  closer  to  her  God." 

"Strange    to    say,"    says     Mr.    Stevenson, 


some  western  libraries  make  a  much  better 
showing  in  this  regard  [the  percentage  of  fic- 
tion] than  the  older  eastern  libraries."  Strange, 
no  doubt,  to  those  who  have  not  outgrown  the 
fiction  as  to  the  wildness  and  the  wooliness  of 
the  west,  and  who  still  cling  to  the  fallacy  that 
the  east,  of  which  they  areatomic  constituents, 
has  a  "  corner  "  on  culture. 

There  is  nothing  of  resentment  on  our  part 
against  the  fiction,  nor  of  protest  against  the 
fallacy.  We  would  lose  much  in  the  way  of 
amusement  by  the  extinction  of  either,  and 
would  feel  the  void  that  aches  if  deprived  of 
both.  We  would,  for  example,  miss  the  sur- 
prise of  Mr.  Stevenson  at  the  evidence  of  the 
higher  intellectual  standard  of  the  western 
reader  which  he  rites.  We  would  miss  the 
furtive  glance  of  the  timorous  tenderfoot  as  his 
eye  vainly  searches  for  the  howitzer-"  heeled  " 
cowboy  and  the  scalp-lifting  "  Injun  "  when  he 
alights  amongst  us.  Nor  could  we  enjoy,  as 
we  do  so  often  and  so  much,  the  discomfiture 
of  the  mediocrities  of  the  stage,  the  platform 
and  the  pulpit,  who,  flaunting  their  "eastern 
triumphs "  to  awe  and  subjugate  us,  come 
hither  in  palace  cars,  and  as  they  alight  from 
the  brake-beam  on  their  return,  announce  that 
the  west  is  "  jay."  We  of  the  wildness  and  the 
wool  do  not  resent  the  offensive  implication  in 
Mr.  Stevenson's  "  strange  "  discovery.  On  the 
contrary,  if  he  will  devote  his  next  vacation  to 
an  acceptance  of  our  cordial  invitation,  hereby 
extended,  to  come  west,  and  keep  on  coming  till 
he  joins  us  on  this,  the  extreme  occidental  verge, 
and,  as  we  maintain,  one  of  the  loftiest  heights 
of  civilization,  we  will  promise  him  a  continual 
round  of  surprise  parties,  and  each  surprise, 
to  a  man  of  his  intellectual  and  scholarly  in- 
stincts, will  be  a  revelation  and  a  delight. 

So  far  as  it  concerns  libraries  instituted  and 
supported  out  of  the  public  funds,  the  matter 
of  the  class  and  character  of  the  literature  to  be 
supplied  resolves  itself  simply  into  a  question 
as  to  whether  the  people,  who  are  the  masters, 
or  the  librarians  and  directorate,  who  are  the 
servants,  shall  set  the  pace  and  fix  the  standard. 
We  try  to  inculcate  in  the  minds  of  our  chil- 
dren that  we  are  living  under  a  government  of, 
for,  and  by  the  people,  and  not  under  a  paternal 
or  monarchical  sway.  Dryden  says: 

"  Men  are  but  children  of  a  larger  growth  ; 
Our  appetites  are  as  apt  to  change  as  theirs." 

I  believe  that  all  librarians  should  have  con- 
stantly before  them  the  fact  that  there  are 

"  Many  men  of  many  minds, 
Many  men  of  many  kinds." 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


253 


A    FRENCH    CLASSIFICATION    AND 
NOTATION. 

THE  Memorial  de  la  Librairie  Fran$aise  in  its 
issuesof  Dec.  17  and  24,  i896(nos.  51  and  52)re- 
printed  in  translation  the  paper  on  "  Systems 
of  shelf  notation"  contributed  by  Mr.  H.  H. 
Langton,  of  Toronto  University,  to  the  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL  for  October,  1896  (21  :  441). 
Mr.  Langton's  article  evokes  a  reply  from  M. 
Albert  Maire,  librarian  of  the  University  of 
Paris,  which  appears  in  the  Memorial  for  Jan. 
7.  M.  Maire  agrees  that  the  adoption  of  a 
shelf  notation  consisting  of  certain  initials 
corresponding  to  the  first  letters  of  the  name 
of  the  science  to  be  classified  is  preferable  to 
the  adoption  of  an  arbitrary  symbol  applied  to 
a  scientific  subject,  and  points  out  that  the 
method  suggested  by  Mr.  Langton  is  used  in 
almost  similar  form  in  two  of  the  great  li- 
braries of  France,  where  its  judicious  employ- 
ment renders  real  service  to  the  officers  as 
well  as  to  the  persons  who  frequent  the  li- 
brary. 

"Why,"  he  asks,  "should  we  have  a  new 
bibliographical  notation  when  one  already  ex- 
ists similar  to  that  described  by  Mr.  Langton  ? 
Are  we  not  already  sufficiently  overwhelmed 
by  all  the  existing  bibliographical  systems? 
These  interminable  theories  of  numbers  and 
symbols,  alas,  encumber  technical  bibliog- 
raphy and  do  not  advance  the  science  a  single 
step,  and  who  can  assure  us  that  we  will  not 
see  before  the  end  of  our  short  career  a  dozen 
other  systems  rise  up  and  overwhelm  us?" 
M.  Maire  refers  to  the  recent  "triumphant 
refutation  of  the  decimal  system,"  with  "its 
enticing  theories,  and  its  numbers  co-ordinated 
one  with  another  into  series  of  threes,  when 
they  were  not  afflicted  with  an  additional  minor 
number,  added,  doubtless,  to  simplify  the 
classification."  This  example  should  serve  to 
teach  librarians  that  if  science,  literary  or 
scientific,  is  one  great  whole  its  parts  are 
eminently  fluid,  that  is  to  say,  subject  to  varia- 
tions, to  multiple  transformations,  and  to  sub- 
divisions that  are  sometimes  of  greater  im- 
portance than  their  main  part.  The  result 
is  that  no  bibliographical  system  can  be  per- 
fect <i  priori.  One  cannot  attain  perfection  in 
systems  of  classification  of  human  knowledge, 
whether  such  systems  be  made  objectively  or 
scientifically,  subjectively  or  philosophically, 
and  still  less  if  they  be  made  from  the  point  of 
view  of  pure  bibliography.  It  seems  best, 
therefore,  to  accept  things  as  they  are  at 
present,  but  to  make  such  modifications  as 
shall  be  best  adapted  to  the  individual  needs 
of  the  library. 

The  libraries  in  which  the  system  of  notation 
described  by  Mr.  Langton  is  used,  in  somewhat 
modified  form,  are,  first,  the  library  of  the 
University  of  Paris  (section  of  Letters  and  Sci- 
ences, Sorbonne);  and  second,  that  of  the 
Superior  Normal  School  of  Paris.  It  has  been 
in  use  for  over  40  years,  and  was  devised  by 
M.  Lebas,  formerly  administrator  of  the  two 
libraries.  "The  Lebas  system,"  continues  M. 
Maire,  "rests  upon  a  series  of  initial  letters 


corresponding  to  the  names  of  the  various  sci- 
ences. Its  skeleton  consists  of  seven  capital  let- 
ters: B:  Bibliography,  T:  Theology.  S:  Science, 
L:  Literature,  H:  History,  I:  Incunabula,  M: 
Manuscripts.  To  these  primary  capital  letters 
are  joined  others  which  define  at  once  the 
greater  scientific  divisions,  thus:  B.  G.:  Bibli- 
ography, General;  B.  S.:  Bibliography,  Special; 
T.  E. :  Theology,  Writings  (Ecritures);  T.  C.: 
Theology,  Councils;  T.  T.:  Theology,  Theolo- 
gians ;T.  P. :  Theology,  Polemic ;  S.  D.:  Science, 
Dictionaries;  S.  P.:  Science,  Philosophical;  S. 
G.:  Science,  Governmental  (political);  S.  N.: 
Science,  Natural;  S.  M.:  Science,  Medical;  S. 
O. :  Science,  Occult;  S.  4>. :  Science,  Physical; 
S.  A.:  Science,  Art(fine  arts);  L.  P.:  Literature, 
Philology;  L.  H.:  Literature,  History;  L.  M.: 
Literature,  Middle  Age;  L.  G.:  Literature, 
Greek;  L.  L. :  Literature,  Latin;  L.  F. :  Litera- 
ture, French;  H.  U.:  History,  Universal;  H.  A.: 
History,  Ancient;  H.M.:  History,  Modern;  H. 
F.:  History,  French;  H.  V.:  History,  Voyages 
(descriptive  geography);  H.  L. :  History,  Leg- 
islation, etc.,  etc. 

"Special  and  particular  subdivisions  of  the 
sciences  are  indicated  by  means  of  a  lowercase 
letter  written  by  hand,  for  the  advantage  of  the 
system  is  that  it  allows  the  main  class  initials 
to  be  printed  in  advance  on  the  book-labels. 
Thus  the  labels  are  as  follows:  B.  S.  b.:  Bibli- 
ography, Special,  libraries  (Bibliothlqurs)\  S.  P. 
1. :  Science,  Philology,  logic;  L.  G.  o.:  Litera- 
ture, Greek,  orators,  etc.,  etc. 

"  It  is  probable  that  some  modifications  might 
profitably  be  introduced  in  this  system,  but, 
with  such  exceptions,  the  plan  of  the  classifica- 
tion meets  the  exigencies  of  the  entire  field  of 
human  knowledge.  It  is  elastic  enough  to  lend 
itself  to  the  inevitable  interweavings,  and  it  is 
sufficiently  firm  to  be  limited  to  a  small  number 
of  works."  . 

AN  INDEX  TO  PORTRAITS. 

THE  next  considerable  bibliographical  work 
to  be  undertaken  by  co-operation  is  an  index  to 
portraits  contained  in  books  or  in  published  col- 
lections. We  have  "  Poole's  index  to  periodi- 
cal literature,"  we  have  the  "A.  L.  A.  index  " 
to  essay  literature,  and  the  "A.  L.  A.  catalog." 
We  now  want,  among  other  library  tools,  an 
index  to  portraits,  and  such  an  index  is  now  in 
progress  under  the  supervision  of  the  Publish- 
ing Section  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  the  executive  board 
of  which  has  appointed  Mr.  William  C.  Lane, 
of  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  as  editor. 

It  is  proposed  to  bring  together  in  this  index 
as  much  valuable  material  as  possible,  includ- 
ing, beside  the  standard  collections  of  portraits 
and  other  illustrated  works  of  first-rate  excel- 
lence, and  sets  of  illustrated  periodicals,  on  the 
one  hand  expensive  and  perhaps  rare  books, 
valuable  on  account  of  the  excellent  or  unique 
portraits  they  may  contain,  though  they  may 
not  be  very  generally  accessible,  and  on  the 
other  hand,  books  containing  even  second-rate 
work  if  they  are  commonly  to  be  found  in  li- 
braries. In  this  way  the  index  will  be  made  as 
generally  useful  as  possible.  There  is  a  very 


254 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '9- 


large  amount  of  material  in  genealogies  and  lo- 
cal histories  which  claims  admittance  on  the 
ground  that  many  of  the  portraits  to  be  found 
in  these  books  are  not  to  be  met  with  elsewhere, 
and  though  often  of  more  or  less  obscure  per- 
sons, it  is  for  just  such  persons  that  an  index 
is  most  useful  when  the  rare  occasion  comes 
that  their  portraits  are  wanted.  It  is  in- 
tended to  leave  works  of  this  kind  till  the  last, 
and  include  them  or  not  according  to  what 
seems  best  when  the  whole  has  taken  more 
definite  shape. 

The  work  is  not  to  be  confined  to  any  period 
or  any  nation  or  any  class,  it  is  entirely  general 
in  its  scope,  and  it  is  non-selective  in  its  char- 
acter; that  is,  all  the  portraits  in  any  book 
which  is  taken  up  are  included.  This  plan 
necessarily  indexes  much  of  slight  and  ephem- 
eral value,  but  as  Mr.  Samuel,  of  Philadel- 
phia, who  has  worked  long  in  this  field  and 
has  considered  the  subject  carefully,  says:  "  Li- 
brary practice  shows  that  almost  any  item  of  in- 
formation on  a  given  subject  is  sure  to  be  of 
some  use  in  time,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  predict 
certainly  of  anything  that  it  will  have  no  value; 
and,  in  regard  to  portraits,  one  which  is  of  little 
value  now  may,  owing  to  the  celebrity  of  a  de- 
scendant, or  other  cause,  become  of  value  later." 
Such  a  plan  eliminates  the  personal  judgment 
of  the  compiler,  and,  in  particular,  the  necessity 
of  future  search  for  any  given  portrait  that 
might  in  a  selective  plan  be  supposed  to  have 
been  omitted  is  thus  obviated. 

No  criticism  of  portraits  or  discussion  of  their 
relationships,  authenticity,  or  relative  value 
is  attempted  —  the  index  will  simply  bring  to- 
gether as  much  possibly  useful  material  as  it 
can  and  further  critical  or  comparative  work 
must  be  left  to  other  hands.  This  branch  of 
investigation  being  shut  out,  it  follows  that  the 
index  can  give  only  such  information  in  regard 
to  the  artists  as  the  plate  itself  or  the  accompa- 
nying text  furnishes.  An  occasional  note  will 
be  added  when  necessary,  to  indicate  that  the 
portrait  is  a  caricature,  a  death  mask,  a  statue, 
or  a  medal,  or  that  the  subject  is  accompanied 
by  his  wife  or  is  represented  in  the  character  of 
so-and-so,  or  as  so  many  years  of  age,  etc.,  but 
the  size,  position,  and  other  details  will  not  be 
noticed.  This  limitation  will  make  it  possible  to 
arrange  the  page  in  columns,  giving  in  the  first 
column  the  reference  to  the  work  indexed,  in 
the  second  and  third  the  names  of  the  artists 
(painter  and  engraver)  when  known,  or  the  ab- 
breviation "photo"  when  the  picture  is  pro- 
duced or  reproduced  by  photography,  and  a 
fourth  column  for  the  occasional  necessary 
note.  To  try  to  give  more  than  this  would 
make  the  work,  which  at  the  least  promises  to 
be  very  extensive,  altogether  unwieldy  and  im- 
practicable. 

In  reaching  this  decision  'the  editor  has  had 
the  advantage  of  the  counsel  of  Mr.  Bunford 
Samuel,  of  the  Philadelphia  Library  Company, 
whose  extensive  collection  of  material,  amount- 
ing to  some  40,000  references  to  portraits  of 
about  22,000  individuals,  has  been  generously 
placed  at  the  disposition  of  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion. 


The  Boston  Athenaeum  has  also  indexed  on 
cards  a  large  number  of  portraits  (perhaps 
10,000)  in  art  collections  and  art  periodicals,  and 
these  will  also  be  made  use  of.  Yet  in  spite  of 
all  this  there  still  remain  many  books  and  peri- 
odicals containing  important  material  which 
must  be  indexed  and  incorporated  with  that 
already  collected  before  the  whole  should  be 
sent  to  the  printer.  The  work  is  now  well 
under  way:  Mr.  Samuel's  references  are  being 
copied  on  cards  ;  Miss  Browne,  the  assistant 
secretary  of  the  Publishing  Section,  is  giving 
all  her  spare  time  to  work  in  the  same  direc- 
tion; the  Cleveland  Public  Library,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  work  on  the  "  Cumulative  index  " 
is  noting  the  portraits  in  current  periodicals; 
and  the  co-operation  of  librarians  and  of  others 
interested  in  work  of  this  kind  is  now  asked  in 
collecting  additional  material.  The  first  instal- 
ment of  a  list  of  works  or  sets  containing  por- 
traits which  should  be  included  is  appended. 
On  this  list  those  that  have  been  already  indexed 
or  provided  for  are  marked  with  an  asterisk. 
The  editor  will  be  glad  to  receive  offers  of  help 
in  indexing  the  others.  He  will  also  be  glad  to 
have  his  attention  called  to  other  books  which 
contain  good  portraits,  this  preliminary  list  being 
necessarily  imperfect,  omitting  much  of  value 
and  doubtless  including  some  works  which,  on 
further  examination,  it  may  be  found  not  worth 
while  to  index. 

The  work  is  to  be  done  on  specially  pre- 
pared cards,  a  supply  of  which  will  be  for- 
warded to  any  competent  person  who  is  willing 
to  help.  A  printed  sheet  of  general  direc- 
tions has  also  been  prepared  as  a  guide  to  col- 
laborators. 

The  co-operation  of  all  who  have  had  some 
experience  in  work  of  this  kind  is  invited. 
Please  address  all  communications  to  the  editor, 
William  C.  Lane,  Librarian  Boston  Athenaeum, 
Boston,  Mass. 

PRELIMINARY  LIST   OF  BOOKS  TO   BE   INDEXED. 

Adam,  G.  M.    Illustrated  Quebec.    Mont.  1891. 

Adkins.      Our  countrymen  of    Northamptonshire.      L. 

1893. 

*Ainsworth  magazine. 

*  Allen,  F.    H.    Masterpieces  of  modern    German  art. 
2  v.    B.  1884. 

Almanach  de  Gotha.     1776-1896. 

Amato.      Panteon  dei  martiri  della  libert.   Ital.    2  v. 
Torino  1851. 

Am 
*Am 

Am 
*Am 
*Am 

Ammidown,  H.    Historical  collections.    2V.    N.  Y.  1874. 
*A  nalectic. 

Anderson.    The  Scottish  nation.    3  v.    Edin.  1896. 

Annals  of  Iowa.    12  v.    Iowa  City  1863-74. 
*Archer.    Pictures  and  royal  portraits.    2  v.    Lond.  1884. 

Arena. 

Arena  album.    Host.  1893. 

Arena  portfolio.    [Host.  187-.] 

*Arminian  magazine ,  Methodist  magazine,    Wesleyan 
Methodist  magazine. 

Arnault,  and  others.    Biog.  nouvelle  des  contemporains. 

20  v.    P.  1820-25. 
*LJart. 

*Art  and  letters,  conducted  by  J.  C.  Carr.     2  v.     Lond. 
1881-3. 

Art  annual. 

^Art  journal.     L.  iZ+y-date. 
^L1  art  pour  tous.     P.  1869. 


rican  angler,    v.  i-date.     N.  Y.  iBSi-d 
rican  art  review.    2  v.     Bost.  1880-81. 
rican  monthly  magazine, 
rican  universal  magazine, 
rican  whig  review. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


255 


"Art  union.     L.  1839-48. 

Bailey's  magazine. 

*Baine's  Hist,  of  the  wars  of  the  French  revolution.    L. 

1817. 

•Ballestrcm,  E.    Maria  Stuart.    Hamb.  1889. 
*Bardi.    Galerie  du  palais  Pitti.    Florence  1842. 
Barnes,  W:  H.    Supreme  court  of  U.  S.    W.  1877. 
Bartlett.    Mem.  of  K.  I.  officers.    Prov.  1867. 
Bay-state  monthly,     v.  i-.    B.  1884-. 
Beath,  R.  B.    History  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public.   N.  Y.  1889. 
Begg,  Alex.    History  of  the  Northwest.    3  v.    Toronto 

1894. 

"T.a  belle  assemblie. 
*Belloris.    Veterura  illustrium  philosophorum  imagines. 

Rome  1685. 

Benedite.    Le  muse'e  du  Luxembourg     Paris  [1894-] 
* Be at 'ley's  miscellany. 

Bernoulli!.    RGmische  ikonographie.    2  v.  in  4.    Stutt- 
gart 1882. 
*Bianchini,  G.    Dei  granduchidi  Toscana  della  real  casa 

de  Medici  ragionamenti  istoria.    Ven.  1741. 
Bjographie  dei  dogi  di  Venezia.    2  v.    Ven.  1855. 
'Biographical  encyclopedia  of  Pennsylvania.    Phil.  1874. 
•Biographical  cyclopedia  of  representative  men  of  Mary- 
land and  D.  C.    Bait.  1879. 
*Birch.    Heads  of  illustrious  persons  of  Great  Britain. 

Lond.  1813. 
Black.    Notable  women  authors  of  the  day.    Glasgow 

1893. 

*Book  news  (Wanamaker's). 
Booth-Tucker.    Life  of  Catherine  Booth.    2  v.    N.  Y. 

l8<}2. 

Bouchot.    Portraits  aux  crayons  des  i6e  and  rye  slides. 

P.  1884. 

'Bouillon,  P.    Mus^e  des  antiques.    Paris,  n.  d. 
Bourgeois.  E.    Le  grand  siecle.    P.  1896. 
Bourne,  H.  R.  Fox.    Famous  London  merchants.    1869. 
Brockett,  L.  P.  and  Vauglian.    Woman's  work  in  the 

civil  war.    Phil.  1867. 

•Brotherhead.    Lives  of  the  signers.    Phil.  1896. 
Brougham.    Statesmen  of  the  time  of  George  in.    3  v. 

L.  1839-43. 
Brougham.    Lives  of  men  of  letters  and  science.    L. 

1845. 
Bullart.    Academic  des  sciences  et  des  arts.    Brusselle 

MDCXCV. 

Bullock,  C:    Our  bishops  and  clergy.    L.  18-. 
*Bungay,  G:  W.    Off-hand  takings.    N.  Y.  1854. 
Burke.    Hist,  of  the  lord  chancellors  of  Ireland.    Dub. 

1879. 

*Buttre.    American  portrait  gallery.    3  v.    N.  Y.  [1877.] 
I  Byrne]  Gossip  of  the  century.    2  v.    N.  Y.  1892. 
Cabinet  portrait  gallery  of  British  worthies.    12  v.  in  6. 

Lond.  1845. 
•Cameron,   H.  H.   H.     Alfred   Lord  Tennyson  and  his 

friends.    L.  1893. 
•Campaign  of  Waterloo.    L.  1816. 

Campbell.    Lives  of  the  British  admirals.    8  v.    L.  1817. 
"Campbell's  foreign  semi-monthly. 
*Campo,  A.    H  istoria  di  Cremona.    Cremona  1583. 
•Cardercra  y  Solano.    Iconografia  espafiola.    2  v.  in  i. 

Madrid  1853-63. 
"Casket. 

•Cassell's  illustrate^  history  of  England. 
Catholic  world. 
Centennial  celebration  of  Washington's  inauguration. 

Groton.  1889. 
"Century  magazine, 
Chambers.    Biog.  dictionary  of  eminent  Scotsmen.    4  v. 

Glasgow  1835. 
—  Same     Glasgow  1855. 
Chapbook. 
Choix  de  gravures  &  1'eau  forte  d'apres  les  pcintures  .  .  . 

de  la  galcrie  de  Lucicn  Bonaparte.    L.  1812. 
Chorley,  H.  F.    Authors  of  England.    L.  [1837.] 
'Cibbcr,  C.    Apology;  ed.  by  R.  W.  Lowe.    2  v.    L.  1889. 
Clarendon  reprints :  martyrs  of  the  revolution.    L. 
Clcrmont.    Hist,  of  the  family  of  Fortescue.    L. 
•Clodd.    Pioneers  of  evolution.    N.  Y.  1897. 
*Clouet.    300  French  portraits.    2  v.    L.  1875. 
Cole,  T.    Old  Dutch  and  Flemish  masters.    N.  Y.  1895. 
•Collection  gciu'ralc  des  portraits  dc  M.  M.  des  Drputds 

des  trois  ordres.    P.  1789  ? 
Collection  of  100  engraved  portraits  of  illustrious  and 

eminent  i-crsonagcs.     L.  [18-.] 
Collection  of  engraved  portraits.    49  pi.    L.  [185-.] 
•Collection  of  portraits  of  cardinals.    Rome,  printed  by 

De  Rubcis. 

•Collection  complete  des  tableaux  historiques  de  la  Re- 
volution fran;aise.    P.  1804. 


Collingridge,  G:    Discovery  of  Australia.    Sydney  1895. 
"Columbia. 

"Condie's  Philadelphia  magazine. 
"Cosmopolita  n. 
•Cotenau.    Sepulchral  brasses  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk. 

Court  album :  drawings  by  J.  Hayter.    3  v.    L.  1852. 
"Court  magazine. 

Cr>mbie,  B.  W.    Modern  Athenians.    Edin.  1882. 

Cunningham   and  Abney.    Pioneers  of  the  Alps.    L. 
1887. 

Daly,  C:  P.    First  theatre  in  America.    N.  Y.  1896. 

Dana,  C:  A.    Lincoln  and  his  cabinet.    Cleveland,  1896. 
*Dart,  J:  West,  monasterium. 

Dayot.    Les  maitres  de  la  caricature  frangaise  au  xix. 
siecle.    P.  1891. 

Dedham  historical  register.     3  v.     1890. 
"De  Bow's  review. 
"Delaplaine's  repository. 

Delpech.      Iconographic   des  contemporains.    2  v.    P. 

1832. 

"Democratic  review. 
"Dennie's  portfolio. 

•Deuvers,  F.  C.    Memorials  of  old  Haileybury  College. 
1854. 

Dibdin,  F.  F.    Aedes  althorpianae.    L.  1822. 

Dohme.    Kunst  und  Kunstler.    8  v.    Lpz.  1886. 

Drake,  F.  S.    Memorials  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati 

of  Mass.    B.  1873. 
"Dramatic  mirror. 

Drawing-room  portrait  gallery.    2  v.    L.  1859-60. 
•Drummond.    Hist,  of  noble  British  families.    2  v.    L. 

1846. 

"Dublin  university  magazine. 
•Du  Simitiere.    Thirteen  portraits. 
•Duykinck.    Cyclopedia  of  Amer.  literature.    1877. 
Portrait  gallery.    2  v.    N.  Y.  [1873.] 

Dyck,  A.  van.    Eaux-fortes.    P.  1879. 


RECENT  LIBRARY  LEGISLATION  IN 
WISCONSIN. 

THE  session  of  the  Wisconsin  legislature  which 
has  just  closed  has  won  for  the  members  the 
credit  of  having  done  wiser  work  than  any  of 
their  predecessors  since  the  war.  It  has  been 
economical  and  conservative,  and  has  cut  off 
some  needless  expenditures,  but  it  has  been  lib- 
eral to  educational  institutions.  The  libraries 
have  fared  remarkably  well,  and  the  efforts  of 
their  friends  met  with  little  opposition.  This 
favorable  result  has  been  due  to  a  good  public 
sentiment  created  by  the  persistent  and  enthu- 
siastic work  of  the  Wisconsin  Library  Associa- 
tion during  the  past  six  years,  to  the  help  given 
to  it  by  the  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commis- 
sion during  the  past  year,  to  the  cordial  co- 
operation of  the  teachers  and  of  the  women's 
clubs,  to  the  hearty  sympathy  for  the  work  of 
the  free  travelling  libraries,  and,  largely,  to  the 
warm  respect  felt  for  Senator  J.  H.  Stout  by  his 
fellow-members  of  the  legislature  and  their  de- 
sire to  show  their  gratitude  for  his  generous  and 
wise  gifts  to  the  cause  of  education. 

The  most  noteworthy  of  the  new  laws  is  that 
which  practically  establishes  a  "public  libraries 
department"  of  the  state  administration  under 
the  charge  of  the  Free  Library  Commission. 
The  annual  appropriation  to  the  commission 
was  increased  from  $500  to  $4000,  and  it  was 
given  an  office  in  the  capitol  building,  with  all 
necessary  office  nxturesand  supplies. md  authori- 
ty to  have  its  necessary  bills  for  printing,  post- 
age, exprcssagc,  drayage,  and  telegraphing 
audited  and  paid  from  the  general  fund.  The 
commission  is  given  authority  to  employ  a  per- 
manent secretary  "and  surh  other  expert  as- 
sistance "  as  may  be  necessary,  but  the  salaries 


256 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


and  expenses  of  these  officers  must  be  paid  from 
the  special  appropriation. 

The  general  law  relating  to  the  establish- 
ment of  free  public  libraries  by  cities  and  vil- 
lages was  amended  by  striking  out  the  words 
which  limited  the  annual  tax  to  support  such  li- 
braries to  "one  mill  on  the  dollar  of  taxable 
property,"  and  by  omitting  the  clause  which 
made  it  necessary  to  secure  an  affirmative  vote 
of  the  people  before  a  library  could  be  main- 
tained by  tax.  Under  the  law  as  amended 
any  common  council,  village  board,  or  town 
board  in  a  town  of  more  than  1000  inhabi- 
tants, may  establish  and  equip  a  public  library 
from  its  general  fund,  and  may  levy  an  annual 
tax  to  support  it,  but  moneys  levied  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  library  alter  it  is  established  must  be 
kept  in  a  separate  fund,  and  all  moneys  voted 
for  library  purposes  must  be  expended  by  a 
"  library  board." 

While  a  popular  vote  was  useful  in  educating 
the  people  to  desire  a  library,  the  necessity  of 
waiting  for  the  annual  election  often  allowed 
popular  enthusiasm  to  evaporate,  and,  fre- 
quently, notices  for  the  elections  were  not  made 
soon  enough  or  necessary  technicalities  were 
not  observed.  The  removal  of  this  restriction 
will  make  it  much  easier  to  secure  the  estab- 
lishment of  libraries. 

By  a  recent  amendment  to  the  library  law, 
city  superintendents  of  schools  are  made  ex- 
officio  members  of  the  library  boards  in  the 
cities  where  they  are  employed. 

A  third  amendment  allows  library  boards  to 
make  contracts  by  which  the  books  of  their  li- 
braries and  their  reading-rooms  may  be  made 
as  free  to  non-residents  as  to  residents.  It  also 
gives  town,  village,  and  county  boards  the  au- 
thority to  make  contracts  with  library  boards  to 
secure  the  full  privileges  of  libraries  and  read- 
ing-rooms for  their  constituents.  This  amend- 
ment opens  the  way  to  a  number  of  experi- 
ments. In  one  county  the  county  board  is 
already  discussing  a  proposition  to  have  the 
people  of  the  county  supplied  with  books  from 
a  flourishing  library  at  the  county  seat  by  means 
of  a  system  of  travelling  libraries. 

Two  years  ago  the  legislature  appropriated 
$180,000  to  build  one-half  of  a  building  for  the 
use  of  the  state  historical  society  and  the  li- 
brary of  the  state  university.  The  half  to  be 
used  by  the  historical  society  was  the  first  to 
be  completed.  The  legislature,  which  has  just 
adjourned,  has  appropriated  $240,000  additional 
to  complete  the  structure  and  to  equip  it.  The 
plans  for  the  entire  building  have  been  made, 
and  the  portion  which  is  to  be  occupied  by  the 
historical  society  is  partly  built.  It  has  an 
admirable  location  on  the  university  grounds, 
within  10  minutes'  walk  from  the  capitol. 
When  the  building  is  completed  it  will  bring 
under  one  roof  the  libraries  of  the  historical 
society,  the  university,  the  state  academy  of 
arts  and  sciences,  and  the  office]  of  the  state 
library  commission.  It  will  also  afford  room 
for  the  summer  school  of  library  science.  It 
will  be  dedicated  June  7,  1898,  and  the  dedica- 
tion will  be  the  central  event  in  the  celebration 
of  the  semi-centennial  year  of  the  founding  of 


the  commonwealth.  To  support  the  historical 
society  properly  in  its  new  home  the  legislature 
added  $10,000  to  its  annual  appropriation.  The 
legislature  also  added  $2000  to  the  annual  ap- 
propriation to  the  university  summer  school, 
though  no  money  will  come  from  this  new  ap- 
propriation till  next  year.  Part  of  this  ad- 
ditional appropriation  is  to  be  used  for  the 
summer  school  of  library  science,  which  is 
thus  put  upon  a  permanent  basis.  The  annual 
appropriation  for  the  state  library  (law)  was 
also  increased  from  $2500  to  $3500. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem  in  a  country  where 
we  are  supposed  to  believe  in  local  self-govern- 
ment, the  legislature  also  increased  the  local  tax 
rate  in  Milwaukee  for  the  benefit  of  its  public 
library  to  eight-twenty-fifths  of  a  mill.  This 
amendment  to  the  law  will  give  the  Milwaukee 
library  an  income  of  $47,000  next  year  instead 
of  $35,000.  The  increase  was  made  with  the 
hearty  sanction  of  the  best  citizens  of  Milwau- 
kee at  a  time  when  they  were  laboring  zealously 
to  have  nearly  all  other  municipal  expenditures 
decreased. 

The  friends  of  libraries  in  Wisconsin  are 
working  hard  but  uncomplainingly  to  adapt 
themselves  to  these  new  conditions,  but  if 
Senator  Stout  continues  his  efforts,  and  Miss 
Stearns  gives  two  years  to  missionary  work  in 
the  field,  they  will  probably  find  it  necessary  to 
adapt  themselves  again  to  better  conditions 
after  the  next  meeting  of  the  legislature. 

F.  A.  H. 

EXHIBITS     OF    PHOTOGRAPHS,    POST- 
ERS, ENGRAVINGS,  ETC. 

C:  A.  Cutter ,  in  zd  report  of  Forbes  Library. 

THESE  exhibitions  are  a  way  of  making  the 
library  known.  People  are  drawn  to  the  li- 
brary to  see  the  show,  and  when  there  it  occurs 
to  them  to  register  and  take  books.  Our  re- 
gistered membership  always  grows  faster  dur- 
ing an  exhibition.  But  this  is  not  all.  In 
accordance  with  the  curious  fact  that  men  see 
what  is  about  them  better  after  seeing  it  imi- 
tated in  art,  the  Sella  views  of  the  Alps  must 
have  opened  some  one's  eyes  to  the  winter 
beauty  of  Mt.  Holyoke  and  Mt.  Tom  ;  the 
Soule  Gorots  and  Rousseaus  must  have  drawn 
a  new  attention  to  our  elms  and  pines.  A 
public  library  should  be  the  centre  of  culture 
of  its  town.  It  should  promote  knowledge, 
literature,  and  art,  by  every  means  in  its  power. 
Almost  the  only  point  to  be  regretted  in  the 
construction  of  our  building  is  that  it  does  not 
allow  us  to  make  it  the  headquarters  and  place 
of  meeting  of  our  literary  clubs.  It  has,  how- 
ever, room  for  exhibitions,  large  and  small, 
which  have  been  very  fortunate  for  us.  Those 
which  we  have  held  have,  I  am  sure,  not  only 
given  pleasure,  which  in  itself  would  be  a  suffi- 
cient justification,  but  have  broadened  their 
visitors'  minds,  have  supplied  some  of  the  ad- 
vantages of  travel  to  those  who  could  not  leave 
home,  have  renewed  the  impressions  of  those 
who  have  been  abroad  ;  have  increased  the 
knowledge  of  art  and  educated  the  taste  of  all 
who  saw  them, 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


THE  CHILDREN'S  "STORY"  BOOK-     . 
MARK. 

THE  children's  bookmark,  shown  in  the  April 
number  of  the  LIHRARY  JOURNAL,  was  written  by 
the  late  Rev.  Henry  Doty  Maxson,  of  Meno- 
monie,  Wis  ,  for  the  Mabel  Tainter  Memorial 
Library  of  that  city  about  six  years  ago.  "It 
has  been  in  constant  use  ever  since,"  writes 
Miss  Lucas,  librarian  of  that  library,  "  and  the 
children  do  not  seem  to  tire  of  it,  but  prefer  it  to 
any  other  that  we  have  tried."  The  "Memorial," 
as  the  library  is  generally  called,  took  the  form 
of  a  combined  library  and  church  largely 
through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Maxson,  whose  mem- 
ory is  warmly  cherished  by  the  Tainter  family, 
Senator  Stout,  and  other  of  his  parishioners. 
The  bookmark  proved  so  useful  and  attractive 
that  it  is  now  used  by  most  of  the  Wisconsin 
libraries  and  by  all  the  travelling  libraries  of 
that  state.  It  has  been  suggested  that  it  should 
be  known  as  the  "  Maxson  bookmark,"  to  keep 
in  memory  a  man  whose  life  was  devoted  to 
good  works  and  promised  a  wide  usefulness. 

American  Cibrarg  Association. 

President:  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
Cleveland,  O. 

Secretary:  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Columbus, 
O. 

Treasurer:  C:  K.  Bolton,  Public  Library, 
Brookline,  Mass. 

i9M    GENERAL    CONFERENCE,  PHILADEL- 
PHIA, JUNE  si  -JULY  i,  1897. 

THE  executive  board  has  issued  a  descriptive 
circular  regarding  the  Philadelphia  conference, 
and  giving  further  details  of  the  program,  as 
follows: 

PLACE  OF  MEETING. 

It  was  clear  to  the  executive  board  that  it 
was  advisable  to  hold  the  meeting  of  the  asso- 
ciation near  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  both  for 
the  convenience  of  the  large  delegation  which 
will  represent  the  association  at  the  interna- 
tional meeting  in  London,  and  because  the  last 
two  meetings  had  been  held  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghenies.  It  was  decided,  after  mature  delib- 
eration, to  accept  the  cordial  invitation  tendered 
by  the  Philadelphia  library  authorities  and 
others  and  meet  in  that  city.  The  board  was 
led  to  this  decision  by  a  consideration  of  the 
ample  and  comfortable  hotel  accommodations 
and  convenient  places  for  meeting,  by  the 
beauty  of  the  surroundings  and  the  possibility 
of  arranging  delightful  post-conference  trips  in 
the  vicinity,  and  by  the  interest  which  all  librar- 
ians feel  in  the  recent  wonderful  growth  of  the 
library  work  in  Philadelphia.  It  seemed  em- 
inently fitting,  too,  that  the  meeting  at  which 
the  association  attained  its  majority  should  be 
held  in  the  city  in  which  it  was  founded  in  the 
centennial  year. 

TIME  OF   MEETING. 

The  meeting  will  be  held  from  the  2ist  to  the 
25th  of  June  in  Philadelphia  and  until  July  ist 


at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap.  The  date  of  the 
meeting  in  Philadelphia  immediately  precedes 
the  sailing  of  the  party  for  England,  and  was 
decided  upon  mainly  for  that  reason.  It  is 
hoped,  however,  that  they  will  meet  equally 
well  the  convenience  of  all  members  of  the 
association,  as  they  immediately  follow  the 
closing  of  most  schools,  and  yet  are  earlier  than 
the  extreme  heat  of  summer. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

Application  has  been  duly  made  for  reduced 
rates  on  the  railways,  and  a  rate  of  one  and 
one-third  fare  on  the  certificate  plan  will  be 
granted. 

HOTELS. 

Arrangements  have  been  concluded  with  the 
proprietors  of  the  Aldine  Hotel,  Chestnut  street, 
to  receive  the  visiting  members  of  the  associa- 
tion at  the  rate  of  $2.50  a  day.  The  hotel  can 
receive  600  visitors. 

PROGRAM. 

June  21,  Monday  evening,  social  meeting  at 
Historical  Society  rooms. 

The  morning  session,  Tuesday,  June  22,  will 
be  devoted  to  the  President's  address  and  the 
reports  of  officers  and  committees.  The  after- 
noon session  to  a  review  of  the  books  of  the 
year,  conducted  by  Miss  Mary  S.  Cutler,  of  the 
New  York  State  Library  School.  A  public 
meeting  will  be  held  in  the  evening,  at  which 
addresses  will  be  given  by  Dr.  William  Pepper, 
Dr.  Henry  Howard  Furness,  Dr.  Talcott  Will- 
iams, Agnes  Repplier,  and  others. 

For  Wednesday  morning  two  programs  will 
be  arranged  in  different  halls;  one  treating  of 
college  and  advanced  library  work,  to  be  coki- 
ducted  by  the  chairman  of  the  college  section, 
and  another  treating  of  elementary  library 
practice  for  the  benefit  of  the  younger  mem- 
bers of  the  association.  The  afternoon  will  be 
occupied  by  a  ride  to  the  Wissahickon,  and  the 
evening  by  a  reception  and  organ  concert  at 
the  Drexel  Institute. 

Thursday  morning  will  be  devoted  to  a  dis- 
cussion of  library  legislation  and  the  travelling 
library,  the  afternoon  to  the  work  of  the  library 
for  children,  and  the  evening  to  the  considera- 
tion of  library  architecture  and  addresses  on 
other  subjects. 

Friday  morning  will  be  given  to  a  continua- 
tion of  the  double  program  of  Wednesday 
morning. 

One  or  more  meetings  of  the  Trustees'  Sec- 
tion will  be  arranged  for  by  Mr.  G.  A.  Macbeth, 
the  chairman,  and  duly  announced  in  the  next 
circular. 

It  is  believed  that  the  division  of  the  associa- 
tion for  two  sessions  will  afford  an  opportunity 
for  those  who  are  engaged  in  the  larger  and 
more  advanced  work  to  discuss  problems  of 
especial  interest  to  them,  and  at  the  same  time 
an  opportunity  will  be  given,  for  the  benefit  of 
those  who  are  less  experienced  In  the  work,  to 
consider  much  that  is  familiar  to  those  who 
have  been  in  attendance  at  former  meetings. 
Especial  attention  will  be  given  in  some  of  the 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


reports  to  a  review  of  the  progress  of  the  past 
21  years,  and  the  papers  and  discussions  will 
include  some  of  the  most  important  questions 
of  the  day. 

On  Friday  afternoon  the  European  delega- 
tion will  take  their  departure,  and  those  go- 
ing upon  the  American  post-conference  trip 
will  start  on  Saturday. 

POST-CONFERENCE  EXCURSION. 

It  is  planned  that  the  American  post-con- 
ference excursion  will  leave  Philadelphia  at  12 
m.  Saturday,  reaching  Delaware  Water  Gap  at 

4=39. 

Dinner  and  a  social  evening  with  music  until 
midnight  will  prepare  for  the  enjoyment  of  a 
quiet  Sunday.  On  Monday  an  excursion  is 
planned  for  Dingman's  Ferry;  on  Tuesday  to 
Bushkill  Falls  ;  on  Wednesday  a  circuit  excur- 
sion, passing  through  Cherry  Valley ;  on  Thurs- 
day morning  a  mountain  climb,  and  in  the 
afternoon  a  steamboat  excursion  of  three  or 
four  hours.  On  Friday  an  excursion  to  Butter- 
milk Falls  and  other  places  will  conclude  what 
promises  to  be  a  most  delightful  post-confer- 
ence excursion.  The  cost  is  estimated  at  $22 
to  $25. 

INTERNATIONAL  MEETING. 

The  circulars  already  issued  by  the  special 
committee  give  full  particulars  of  the  excursion 
to  England  and  of  the  second  international  li- 
brary meeting  in  London,  which  promises  to  be 
of  unusual  importance  and  interest.  The  itin- 
erary affords  an  opportunity  of  visiting  some 
of  the  most  interesting  and  beautiful  places  in 
England,  and  also  affords  an  unusual  opportu- 
nity of  studying  English  libraries,  and  the  ex- 
ecutive board  strongly  urges  every  member  of 
the  association,  who  possibly  can  do  so,  to  go. 
They  desire  that  the  association  shall  be  fully 
and  creditably  represented,  and  they  believe 
that  all  who  go  will  be  amply  repaid,  not  alone 
by  the  pleasure  of  the  trip,  but  by  the  valuable 
lessons  in  library  matters  that  may  be  learned 
of  our  English  cousins. 

The  American  delegates  will  sail  from  Bos- 
ton, June  26,  at  7  a.m.,  in  the  Cunard  steamer 
Cephalonia,  arriving  in  Liverpool  July  5.  The 
journey  to  London  will  be  made  by  easy  stages, 
visiting  Manchester,  Birmingham,  Kenilworth, 
Norwich,  Stratford,  and  Leamington  on  the 
way,  and  arriving  on  the  morning  of  July  12. 

The  International  Conference  of  Librarians 
will  be  in  session  in  London  July  13  to  16,  in- 
clusive. The  meeting  will  be  held  in  the  Lon- 
don Corporation  Guild  Hall,  and  Sir  John  Lub- 
bock  will  preside. 

The  program  is  in  preparation,  and  English, 
American,  and  continental  librarians  have  been 
invited  to  contribute  papers. 

Headquarters  for  the  American  delegates 
will  be  at  the  office  of  the  Library  Bureau,  Lim- 
ited, 10  Bloomsbury  Street,  W.  C.,  London, 
where  members  may  have  their  mail  addressed 
and  find  facilities  for  correspondence. 

July  17  -  26  will  be  devoted  to  a  post-confer- 
ence trip  to  the  West  Coast,  visiting  Salisbury, 
Glastonbury,  Wells,  Cardiff,  Bristol,  Bath,  and 


Oxford.  It  is  expected  that  the  entire  mem- 
bership of  the  conference  will  join  this  excur- 
sion. 

July  26  -  30  are  free  days,  and  may  be  spent 
in  London  or  elsewhere,  as  suits  individual 
tastes.  Numerous  short  side  trips  are  availa- 
ble, or  a  hurried  trip  to  Paris. 

July  31  -  August  12.  Return  to  Liverpool  via 
the  East  Coast  and  Scotland,  visiting  Cam- 
bridge, Ely,  Lincoln,  Sheffield,  Leeds,  York, 
Durham,  Newcastle,  Abbotsford,  Edinburgh, 
Glasgow,  Sterling,  and  Chester,  sailing  August 
12,  and  due  to  arrive  at  Boston  August  22. 

Invitations  to  members  of  the  conference 
have  already  been  received  from  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  London,  the  Lord  Provost  of  Glas- 
gow, the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  Mayor  of  Bath, 
library  committees  of  Leeds,  Sheffield,  and 
Liverpool,  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  and 
the  Mayor  of  Manchester.  The  importance  of 
the  conference,  the  opportunity  of  seeing  Eng- 
land and  English  libraries  under  the  most  de- 
lightful auspices,  the  interest  of  our  English 
friends  and  their  graceful  offers  of  hospitable 
entertainment  afford  the  opportunity  of  a  life- 
time, and  seem  to  demand  a  large  and  influen- 
tial American  delegation. 

Cost  of  the  trip. 

Boston  to  Boston,  including  entire  time, 
English  post-conference  trip,  board 
in  London  for  the  free  days,  member- 
ship in  international  conference,  in- 
suring copy  of  proceedings $360. 

Boston  to  Boston,  exclusive  of  the  fort- 
night, July  17- 31,  the  post-conference 

trip,  and  free  days 290. 

Boston  to  end  of  conference  in  London.  142.50 
London  to  Boston  from  July  30,  Eastern 
Coast  and  Scotland,  and  return  steam- 
er passage 157-50 

London  to  Liverpool,  East  Coast  and 

Scotland  trip  only 83. 

Liverpool  to  end  of  London  conference.     68. 
International    post-conference    trip    to 

East  Coast 60. 

Steamer,   minimum  first-class   passage 

each  way 75. 

London  to  Paris  and  return,  including 

all  expenses  for  five  days 25. 

Early  circulars  stated  that  deposits  must  be 
made  by  April  I,  but  this  time  has  been  extend- 
ed, and  excellent  accommodations  can  still  be 
had.  Address  all  correspondence  to  the  Li- 
brary Bureau,  125  Franklin  street,  Boston, 
Mass. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Philadelphia  has  more  libraries  which  are  of 
interest  from  an  historical  pointthan  any  other 
city  in  the  United  States.  It  Is  not  possible  in 
the  space  that  can  be  here  given  to  the  subject 
to  enumerate  them  all,  but  amongst  those 
which  will  attract  visiting  librarians  is  the  Li- 
brary of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
the  outcome  of  Benjamin  Franklin's  Junto. 
The  Philadelphia  Library  Company,  incor- 
porated in  1731,  is  also  indebted  to  Franklin 
for  its  foundation  and  is  well  known  as  "the 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


259 


mother  of  all  subscription  libraries."  It  has 
probably  the  strongest  general  reference  collec- 
tion in  the  city,  and  its  buildings  have  recently 
been  enlarged.  The  Apprentices'  Library  was 
incorporated  in  1821  and  was  instituted  for  the 
benefit  of  young  men  engaged  as  apprentices 
in  the  various  trades.  It  is  still  a  very  active 
institution  and  will  be  found  in  a  handsome 
new  home  just  purchased  on  North  Broad 
street,  corner  of  Brandywine.  The  Mercantile 
Library  has  existed  since  1821,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  examples  of  the  subscription  library. 
It  has  a  large  building,  in  which  have  been 
accumulated  180,000  volumes.  The  Pennsylva- 
vania  Historical  Society  is  one  of  the  most 
important  libraries  of  its  class  and  has  been  ex- 
ceedingly active  in  the  collection  of  historical 
matter.  The  Library  of  the  Academy  of  Nat- 
ural Science  has  one  of  the  best  American  col- 
lections of  works  on  natural  history.  In  the 
Library  of  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Sur- 
geons will  be  found  one  of  the  strongest  collec- 
tions of  medical  books,  the  result  of  much  pa- 
tient and  earnest  work.  The  Library  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  consists  of  over 
110,000  volumes  and  is  especially  strong  in  the 
languages  and  sociology.  The  Drexel  Insti- 
tute Library  contains  20,000  volumes,  and  is 
free  to  all.  The  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia 
consists  of  the  Central  Library,  on  Chestnut 
street,  and  10  branches,  situated  in  various 
parts  of  the  city,  each  forming,  so  far  as  its 
books  are  concerned,  an  independent  library. 
This  institution,  though  only  recently  estab- 
lished, now  leads  all  the  libraries  of  the  world 
in  circulation.  The  city  has  recently  voted 
$1,000,000  toward  the  purchase  of  a  library 
site  and  building.  The  library  of  the  City  In- 
stitute has,  for  many  years,  done  most  useful 
work  in  distributing  books  free  of  charge.  Be- 
sides this,  must  be  mentioned  the  libraries  of 
the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  with  a 
collection  of  books  principally  devoted  to 
works  of  natural  science;  Franklin  Institute, 
which  has  a  strong  collection  of  books  on  ap- 
plied science;  the  Spring  Garden  Institute,  and 
the  very  valuable  library  in  Girard  College  for 
the  use  of  the  2000  boys  and  teachers,  which 
form  the  population  of  this  world-known  char- 
ity. 

The  visitors  will  find  scattered  through  the 
city  of  Philadelphia  a  large  number  of  impor- 
tant buildings  and  institutions  which  will  attract 
them,  because  of  their  historical  and  architect- 
ural interests. 

Independence  Hall,  with  its  park-like  square 
behind,  was  built  between  1729  and  1734.  It  is 
unnecessary  to  say  that  this  building  is  proba- 
bly, from  an  historical  point,  the  most  interest- 
ing in  the  United  States,  as  being  the  scene 
where  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was 
matured  and  signed;  those  interested  in  such 
matters  may  see  the  table  on  which  the  parch- 
ment was  spread  to  be  signed,  and  also  the 
chairs  In  which  the  members  of  that  day  were 
seated.  Carpenters  Hall  will  ever  be  deerm-d 
sacred  as  having  been  used  by  the  first  Con- 
gress of  the  United  States.  The  building  of  the 
Ridgeway  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Library 


Company  is  a  splendid  granite  edifice  in  the 
Doric  style  of  architecture  and  was  finished  in 
1877.  It  is  capable  of  accommodating  400,000 
volumes  and  has  many  rare  books  to  interest 
visiting  bibliophiles.  The  buildings  of  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  are  numerous. 
The  fine  series  of  dormitories  just  erected  and 
Houston  Hall  will  repay  a  visit.  The  oldest 
Episcopal  church  in  the  city  is  Christ  Church, 
the  first  part  of  which  was  erected  before  1700; 
the  present  building  has  been  constructed  at 
different  times.  Bishop  White  was  rector  of 
this  church,  and  in  it  the  celebrated  George 
Whitefield  was  permitted  to  preach.  Washing- 
ton and  Franklin  families  attended  there  and 
the  bells  are  said  to  be  the  oldest  on  this  side 
of  the  Atlantic.  The  Drexel  Institute  merits 
ample  description,  but  as  the  business  meetings 
of  the  association  will  be  held  there  it  seems 
unnecessary  to  describe  the  building.  The 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  with  its  pictures  and 
fine  collection  of  prints,  will  draw  many  to 
visit  its  interesting  collections,  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania Museum  and  School  of  Industrial  Art 
should  not  be  overlooked.  Fairmount  Park  is 
naturally  the  pride  of  Philadelphia  and  com- 
prises over  3000  acres  of  ground,  has  50  miles 
of  carriage  drives  and  1000  miles  of  paths  for 
pedestrians.  It  is  dotted  with  many  interesting 
buildings,  such  as  Memorial  Hall  and  the 
Horticultural  Garden  House.  The  home  which 
belonged  to  Benedict  Arnold  still  stands,  and 
Penn's  House  has  been  removed  from  the 
lower  part  of  the  city  into  the  Park  for  preser- 
vation. A  card  itinerary  will  be  prepared  for 
the  visitors,  showing  by  what  cars  the  places 
above  mentioned  can  be  most  readily  reached. 

DELAWARE  WATER   GAP. 

The  Water  Gap  was  selected  for  the  post- 
conference  trip  on  account  of  its  being  proba- 
bly the  most  attractive  of  the  districts  around 
the  eastern  section  of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Delaware  river,  between  mounts 
Minsi  and  Tammany,  and  is  105  miles  from 
Philadelphia.  The  railroad  trip  is  exceedingly 
picturesque,  following  the  course  of  the  river 
throughout  the  entire  distance.  The  large 
number  of  walks  and  drives  makes  it  the  re- 
sort of  Philadelphians  and  New  Yorkers,  and 
it  has  the  additional  attraction  of  being  a  splen- 
did field  of  enjoyment  for  bicyclists.  The 
points  of  interest  in  the  surrounding  country 
are  very  numerous,  including  Lake  Popono- 
ming,  the  beautiful  drive  through  the  Beaver 
and  Cherry  Valleys,  the  vicinity  of  Strouds- 
burg,  the  picturesque  Brodhead's  Creek,  Hen- 
ryville,  Spragueville,  Bushkill,  Dingman's 
Ferry,  and  Mount  Pocono,  which  are  all  within 
one  day's  march,  and  many  of  them  less. 
Visitors  can  have  drives,  bicycle  rides,  steam- 
boat excursions,  rowing,  and  last  but  not  least, 
a  yisit  to  the  Lover's  Seat. 

Kittatinny  House  will  form  very  comfortable 
and  admirable  headquarters.  The  hotel  has 
accommodations  for  600  visitors.  The  rooms  are 
nearly  all  alike,  so  that  one  is  as  comfortable 
as  another,  and  the  hotel  is  almost  directly  over 
the  Gap.  It  is  proposed  to  make  this  house 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


the  headquarters  for  the  post-conference  trip 
and  to  provide  accommodation  at  the  various 
points  of  interest  for  parties  who  desire  to 
make  excursions. 

The  railway  fare  will  be  $1.74  each.  The 
hotel  will  receive  visitors  at  the  special  rate  of 
$2.75  per  day,  and  if  any  desire  to  remain  over 
the  Saturday,  Sunday,  and  Monday  following 
(which  will  include  the  Fourth  of  July)  they 
can  do  so  at  the  same  rate.  Drives  for  the  day 
will  be  charged  to  the  parties  at  the  rate  of  $i 
each;  afternoon  drives  to  the  places  above 
mentioned  will  be  made  up,  and  the  rate  will 
be  50  cents,  and  steamboat  excursions  25  cents. 

An  illustrated  handbook  is  in  preparation  by 
the  Philadelphia  Local  Committee  of  the  con- 
ference, which  gives  fuller  and  further  details 
as  to  the  points  and  places  above  mentioned. 

LA  TER  NOTES  ON  THE  INTERN  A  TIONAL 

CONFERENCE. 

PLANS  for  the  International  Library  Confer- 
ence and  for  the  English  post-conference  trip 
are  now  practically  completed,  and  the  pros- 
pects for  a  large  and  representative  gathering 
of  American  librarians  are  most  encouraging. 
The  time  within  which  those  intending  to  go 
must  make  application  and  deposit  has  been 
extended,  and  all  who  are  debating  the  matter 
are  urged  to  settle  it  promptly  in  the  affirmative. 
Already  62  persons  have  registered  for  the  trip, 
and  it  is  thought  that  at  least  75  will  go 
abroad  in  the  party,  while  a  number,  who 
depart  by  other  routes,  will  be  present  in 
London  at  the  time  of  the  meeting.  Among 
those  who  have  signified  their  intention  of  going 
with  the  A.  L.  A.  party  are  Messrs.  Winsor, 
Crunden,  Cutter,  Steiner,  Stevenson,  Andrews, 
Lane,  Dewey,  Nolan,  and  Jenks  ;  Miss  James, 
Miss  Hewins,  Miss  Browne,  Miss  Wildman, 
Miss  Sheldon,  Miss  Mary  Jones,  Miss  Le  Crone, 
and  Mrs.  Curran.  Others  who  will  be  present 
at  the  international  conference  are  Messrs. 
Putnam,  Bowker,  and  Thwaites,  and  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  G.  M.  Jones. 

The  U.  S.  Department  of  State,  through  Am- 
bassador Hay,  has  already  received  notice  of 
the  sessions  of  the  conference  from  Sir  John 
Lubbock,  who  will  be  president  of  the  L.  A. 
U.  K.  for  1897  and  will  preside  at  the  inter- 
national meeting.  The  conference  will  meet 
in  the  Guildhall,  as  guests  of  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  Corporation  of  London,  and  the  hospi- 
talities that  will  be  tendered  the  visitors  from 
their  English  hosts,  not  only  in  London,  but 
all  along  the  route  laid  out,  offer  already  an 
almost  overwhelming  prospect,  to  which  fresh 
accessions  are  constantly  being  made.  One  of 
the  latest  announcements  is  that  Sir  Henry  Irv- 
ing purposes  to  tender  to  the  library  conference 
a  special  performance  of  "The  Merchant  of 
Venice  "  during  the  stay  in  London,  and  that  the 
members  are  invited  to  a  reception  on  the  stage 
after  the  performance  is  over.  This  is  but  a 
specimen  of  the  many  delightful  plans  that  are 
being  made  for  the  entertainment  and  enjoy- 
ment of  the  visitors.  Those  in  charge  of  the 
arrangements  for  the  A.  L.  A.  party  desire  to 
call  attention  to  the  fact  that  a  special  rate  from 


Philadelphia  to  Boston  will  be  obtained  for  all 
those  leaving  the  conference  proper  to  take 
part  in  the  English  trip. 

The  preliminary  announcement  of  the  Second 
International  Library  Conference  has  just  been 
received  from  the  London  committee  of  the  L. 
A.  U.  K.  It  gives  in  full  the  lists  of  officers 
and  of  the  committees  in  charge  of  arrange- 
ments and  states  the  general  plan  of  the  meet- 
ing. Among  those  who  are  named  as  vice- 
presidents  of  the  conference  are  the  Duchess  of 
Rutland,  the  Marquess  of  Dufferin  and  Ava, 
the  Earl  of  Crawford  and  Balcarres,  Lord  Wind- 
sor, the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  Sir 
George  Grey,  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  Sir 
Donald  Smith,  Commissioner  for  Canada,  Sir 
Edward  Maunde  Thompson,  Sir  Walter  Hesant, 
Sir  Henry  Irving,  Dr.  Richard  Garnett,  W.  E. 
H.  Lecky,  Prof.  Alex.  Beljame,  of  the  Uni- 
versit6  de  France,  C.  W.  Briinn,  of  the  Royal 
Library,  Copenhagen,  Dr.  Leopold  Delisle,  of 
the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Prof.  C.  Dziatzko, 
of  Go'ttingen;  J.  Passmore  Edwards,  Thomas 
Greenwood,  Sidney  Lee,  Rev.  W.  H.  Milman, 
and  many  others. 

The  announcement  briefly  states  the  develop- 
ment of  the  plan  of  the  conference  by  the  L.  A. 
U.  K.,  as  the  result  of  the  acceptance  by  the  A. 
L.  A.  in  1896  of  the  invitation  to  visit  the 
libraries  of  Great  Britain,  and  continues: 

"  The  great  success  and  widespread  influence 
of  the  first  conference  (1877)  encourages  the 
committee  to  hope  that  the  second,  inasmuch  as 
it  will  focus  the  work  of  the  last  20  years,  and 
enable  workers  to  discuss  the  results  of  meth- 
ods, most  of  which  date  from  the  first  confer- 
ence, will  prove  to  be  a  still  greater  success. 
It  is  anticipated  that  the  leading  spirits  in  li- 
brary work  throughout  the  world  will  attend  the 
conference,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
result  of  the  papers  and  discussions  will  do 
much  to  encourage  the  progress  of  the  move- 
ment, and  place  at  the  disposal  of  the  managers 
of  libraries  much  information  which  cannot  fail 
to  be  of  value  to  those  desirous  of  improving 
the  methods  used  in  the  libraries  they  are  con- 
nected with. 

"An  exhibition  of  library  appliances,  and  of 
everything  likely  to  be  of  use  to  librarians  and 
library  managers,  will  be  an  important  feature 
of  the  conference,  and  contributions  towards  it 
are  invited.  Plans  of  libraries,  blank  forms, 
official  books,  and  everything  illustrative  of 
library  work  will  be  welcome. 

"  Visits  to  all  the  more  important  libraries  of 
the  metropolis  and  vicinity  .will  be  arranged, 
and  a  unique  opportunity  provided  of  examin- 
ing their  contents  and  systems  of  working. 

"  The  Rt.  Honorable  the  Lord  Mayor  has  in- 
vited the  conference  to  a  conversazione  in  the 
Mansion  House  on  the  evening  of  July  13, 
and  Sir  Henry  Irving  has  generously  arranged 
to  give  a  special  performance  of  "The  Mer- 
chant of  Venice  "  on  the  evening  of  July  15,  to 
which  he  has  invited  all  the  members.  After 
the  more  serious  business  of  the  conference  the 
members  will  be  entertained  at  gatherings  of  a 
social  character,  including  garden  parties,  ex- 
cursions, etc.,  etc." 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


261 


INVITATION    FROM    THE   INSTITUT   INTER- 
NATIONAL DE  BIBLIOGRAPHIE. 

THE  secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A.  has  received 
from  the  general  se'cretary  of  the  Institut  Inter- 
national de  Bibliographic  an  invitation  to  the 
A.  L.  A.  to  participate  in  the  bibliographical 
exposition  and  conference  to  be  held  in  Brus- 
sels on  June  27,  under  the  auspices  of  the  In- 
stitut. It  is  especially  desired  that  the  A.  L. 
A.  should  be  represented  at  the  exposition  by 
such  of  its  publications  as  will  "at  once  make 
known  its  organization  and  the  magnificent  re- 
sults which  have  been  obtained  to  the  present 
time."  All  exhibits  will  be  classed  and  ar- 
ranged by  the  officers  of  the  Institut  and  par- 
ticipation in  the  exposition  is  absolutely  free. 
The  conference,  to  be  held  in  connection  with 
it,  promises  to  be  most  interesting  and  to  bring 
together  a  very  large  attendance.  The  In- 
stitut, it  is  stated,  "has  lately  largely  increased 
its  membership  in  the  various  countries,  and 
national  sections  have  been,  or  are  being,  estab- 
lished in  France,  in  Austria,  in  Hungary,  in 
Italy,  and  in  Spain."  It  is  urged  that  all  mem- 
bers of  the  A.  L.  A.,  who  can  arrange  to  do  so, 
should  attend  this  conference,  which  is  to  be 
held  just  prior  to  the  international  meeting  in 
London. 

~A.L.  A.  BADGE. 

ALL  who  are  planning  to  attend  the  Phila- 
delphia conference  are  urged  to  equip  them- 
selves beforehand  with  the  "outward  and 
visible  sign "  of  their  membership  in  the  li- 
brary ranks,  -viz,  the  A.  L.  A.  badge.  Especial- 
ly should  all  delegates  to  the  London  inter- 
national meeting  bear  this  symbol  of  their 
profession.  The  badge,  which  is  the  mono- 
gram "A.  L.  A.,"  is  in  the  form  of  a  pin,  in 
gold  and  blue  enamel,  and  may  be  obtained 
from  Miss  N.  E.  Browne,  assistant  recorder 
A.  L.  A.,  Athenaeum,  Boston,  Mass.  Orders 
should  be  sent  to  Miss  Browne  without  delay  ; 
the  price  of  the  badge  is  $2.50. 

State  Cibrars  Commissione. 

CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :    Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 
MASSACHUSETTS   STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :   Miss 

E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 
THE  New  Hampshire  Board  of  Library  Com- 
missioners have  just  issued  their  biennial  re- 
port, covering  the  period  from  Dec.  I,  1894,  to 
Dec.  i,  1896.  (8 +  64  p.  O.)  In  the  previous 
report  113  towns  were  recorded  as  having  re- 
ceived state  aid  in  the  establishment  of  a  libra- 
ry; since  then  17  towns  have  voted  to  accept 
the  law,  and  of  these  all  but  one  have  received 
the  desired  aid.  There  are  19  towns  without  a 
library,  but  that  have  made  a  first  assessment 
under  the  law  of  1895,  and  19  towns,  without  free 
libraries,  have  voted  "  inexpedient  to  establish  " 
at  the  last  town  meeting.  The  effects  of  the  law 
of  1895,  in  the  commissioners'  opinion,  have  been 
highly  satisfactory,  especially  in  the  "  compulso- 
ry" provision  whereby  "  towns  having  no  library 


are  required  to  vote  '  inexpedient '  each  year  in 
order  to  be  exempt  from  assessment,  a  failure  to 
do  so  in  any  one  year  having  the  effect  to  bring 
the  town  under  the  provision  requiring  an  an- 
nual assessment.  Under  the  old  law  neglect 
and  indifference  meant  no  library;  under  the 
new  legislation  neglect  to  vote  each  year  re- 
sults favorably  to  the  advancement  of  library 
interests."  One  of  the  most  beneficial  results 
of  the  law  is  the  development  of  the  idea  of 
town  support  a"nd  control  of  libraries.  The 
keynote  of  the  whole  situation,  say  the  com- 
missioners, lies  in  the  phrase  "  one  town  one  li- 
brary," and  in  connection  with  this  development 
they  deprecate  "the  adoption  of  any  form  of 
travelling  library  system  by  the  state,"  as  "not 
only  expensive  in  practice  and  unsatisfactory 
as  to  results  but  directly  contrary  to  the  policy 
at  present  pursued  and  detrimental  to  true  ad- 
vancement. If  any  state  ever  required  such  a 
system,  certainly  New  Hamshire  has  long  since 
passed  beyond  that  point,  and  has,  we  trust, 
founded  a  system  on  broader  and  surer  founda- 
tions." This  is  one  of  the  first  criticisms  of  the 
travelling  library  system,  from  what  may  be 
called  an  official  source,  that  we  have  seen,  and  in 
this  case  the  system  has  not  been  tested  by  its 
critics.  However  opinions  may  differ  as  to  the 
"paternalism"  of  a  state  system  of  travelling 
libraries,  there  can  be  no  question  of  its  wide 
usefulness  and  beneficence  in  scattered  rural 
communities,  and  it  has  proved  in  many  cases 
to  be  an  effective  means  of  arousing  public  ac- 
tion toward  the  establishment  of  local  libraries. 
The  issue  of  bulletins  is  regarded  by  the  com- 
missioners as  one  of  the  most  widely  and  prac- 
tically useful  features  of  their  work,  and  they 
plan  to  add  new  features  to  this  branch  of 
work  as  opportunity  offers.  "We  believe," 
they  say,  "the  provision  of  law  requiring  bul- 
letins at  stated  periods  to  be  one  of  the  most 
important  features  of  the  recent  legislation." 
This  opinion,  strengthened  as  it  is  by  experi- 
ence, is  interesting  and  suggestive. 

The  report  contains  the  usual  full  tabulated 
statistics  of  New  Hampshire  libraries  ;  a  depart- 
ment of  "  Notes  on  library  progress,"  arranged 
alphabetically  by  towns,  and  a  series  of  "  His- 
torical sketches  "  of  libraries,  illustrated  with 
views  of  buildings.  The  library  laws  of  1891 
and  1895  are  appended. 

NEW  YORK  :  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION.  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 
EXTENSION  BULLETIN  no.  16  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York  is  devoted  to  the  re- 
port of  the  Public  Libraries  Division  for  1895, 
including  statistics  of  New  York  libraries.  This 
belated  report,  which  covers  the  year  ending 
Sept.  30,  1895,  is  dated  October,  1896,  but  was 
not  sent  out  until  the  spring  of  1897.  Naturally, 
much  of  the  information  contained  has  already 
appeared  in  the  JOURNAL,  but  the  report  is 
nevertheless  worthy  of  careful  attention  as  a 
comprehensive  and  informing  exhibit  of  library 
development  in  New  York  State.  Of  the  effects 
of  state  aid  and  encouragement  of  libraries  the 
director  says :  "  The  influence  of  the  state 
bounty  in  raising  the  standard  of  library  work 
is  evident.  In  official  visitation  of  libraries  at- 


262 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


tendon  is  constantly  called  to  the  need  of  care- 
ful selection  and  systematic  arrangement  of 
books  and  effective  loan  systems  with  accurate 
records  and  accounts  in  every  department.  The 
value  of  business  management  is  always  con- 
ceded by  the  libraries.  But  when  the  grant  of 
public  money  depends  on  official  approval  of  the 
library  in  these  respects  an  additional  motive  of 
the  most  practical  importance  is  supplied.  The 
librarian  is  at  once  roused  to  new  effort  to  es- 
tablish the  rank  of  his  library.  New  books  are 
chosen  not  merely  to  meet  the  varying  tastes  of 
constituencies,  but  also  to  merit  the  approval  of 
the  regents.  Administration  becomes  a  study, 
and  trustees  and  voters  are  more  than  ever 
ready  to  supply  needed  facilities.  Money  is 
given  by  individuals  and  taxes  are  voted  be- 
cause the  state  stands  ready  to  double  the 
amount  up  to  $200  a  year.  Results  have  shown 
that  the  liberality  of  the  state  is  fully  justified 
by  the  new  interest  thereby  excited  in  library 
work  and  the  improved  quality  of  the  work 
done." 

The  report  is  almost  wholly  statistical,  and  all 
ascertainable  facts  regarding  the  libraries  of  the 
state  are  given  in  varied  combinations.  The 
work  of  the  travelling  libraries  is  fully  de- 
scribed, as  are  the  university  extension  libra- 
ries, and  brief  record  of  library  legislation,  meet- 
ings of  library  associations,  etc.,  is  made.  The 
statistical  summaries  cover  88  pages,  and  the 
report  is  supplemented  by  an  excellent  index. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :   Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 

WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  F.  A.  Hutchins, 
secretary,  Madison,  Wis. 

THE  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission  has 
been  reorganized  since  the  law  under  which  it 
was  established  was  amended.  The  chairman, 
F.  A.  Hutchins,  and  the  secretary,  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  have  resigned  as  members  of  the  com- 
mission, and  the  vacancies  have  been  filled  by 
the  appointment  of  Hon.  J.  H.  Stout,  of  Meno- 
monie,  and  of  Mrs.  Lucy  E.  Morris,  of  Berlin. 
Mr.  Stout  has  been  chosen  chairman  of  the 
commission,  Mr.  Hutchins  secretary,  and  Miss 
Stearns  librarian.  The  secretary  and  librarian 
will  devote  their  whole  time  to  the  work,  with 
an  office  in  the  capitol  building.  While  Miss 
Stearns  is  called  librarian,  she  is  expected  to  be 
in  reality  a  "  library  promoter  "  or  "  missionary." 
Miss  Stearns  will  commence  her  new  work  as 
soon  as  her  successor  in  the  Milwaukee  library 
is  ready  for  her  duties.  Mrs.  Morris,  who  suc- 
ceeds Miss  Stearns  as  a  member  of  the  commis- 
sion, is  the  president  of  the  state  federation  of 
women's  clubs.  This  federation  is  strong  and 
active,  and  its  organization  is  the  result  of 
Mrs.  Morris's  work.  She  is  very  much  inter- 
ested in  libraries,  and  is  working  to  build  a 
system  of  travelling  libraries  for  the  use  of  the 
women's  clubs  of  the  state.  The  active  alliance 
between  the  commission  and  the  women's  clubs 
will  be  made  more  useful  by  Mrs.  Morris's 
position  upon  the  commission. 


Stole  Cibrurj}  Dissociations. 


LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL   CALL 
FORNIA . 

President:}.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary :  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

THE  principal  feature  of  the  April  meeting, 
held  in  the  San  Francisco  Public  Library,  was 
a  debate  on  the  question,  "Should  a  library 
school  be  organized  and  conducted  under  the 
auspices  of  the  San  Francisco  Public  Library  ?  " 
The  question  was  considered  carefully  from 
both  sides,  but  the  negative  was  presented  so 
logically  and  with  such  vigor  that  it  won  with 
ease.  The  argument  made  was  that  while 
careful  and  specific  training  is  invaluable  in  the 
librarian,  this  training  should  be  in  the  direc- 
tion of  a  general  culture,  a  close  study  of 
library  economy  in  the  broadest  sense,  and  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  languages,  rather  than 
technical  details  so  easily  learned  in  the  pracli- 
cal  library  life.  This  being  the  case,  the  nat- 
ural place  for  such  training  was  the  college. 
Here  the  student  could  gain  sufficient  insight 
into  actual  library  detail  while  acquiring  the 
academic  training.  It  was  further  argued  that 
there  was  no  demand  for  such  a  school  at 
present  in  California,  those  already  in  success- 
ful operation  in  the  east  supplying  all  demands 
for  trained  librarians.  A  discussion  of  the 
proposed  tariff  on  books  followed,  and  it  was 
determined  to  supplement  the  individual  action 
already  taken  with  a  vigorous  protest  from  the 
association,  in  case  some  negative  action  should 
be  taken  in  the  senate  to  the  amendment 
adopted  by  the  house  of  representatives. 

A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 

COLORADO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary :  Herbert  E.  Richie,  City  Library, 
Denver. 

Treasurer :  J.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

AT  the  last  meeting  of  the  Colorado  Library 
Association,  held  at  Denver  on  April  9,  Dr.  J. 
E.  Russell  and  Mr.  R.  W.  Bullock,  of  the  state 
university,  presented  some  interesting  and 
carefully  compiled  statistics  of  reading  by  the 
pupils  in  the  various  grades  of  the  public 
schools.  These  statistics,  which  were  repre- 
sented by  tables  and  charts,  are  too  extensive  to 
be  given  in  detail,  but  some  of  the  principal 
features  may  be  interesting. 

As  to  the  amount  of  reading  done,  the  tables 
show  that  the  girls  and  boys  are  about  equal, 
but  the  girls  reach  their  maximum  about  one 
year  earlier,  and  show  a  decided  preference  for 
love  stories  and  books  relating  to  celebrated 
women,  while  the  boys  in  overwhelming  ma- 
jorities favor  stories  of  adventure  and  lives  of 
great  men. 


May,  97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


263 


In  comparing  the  reports  from  the  smaller 
towns  which  have  no  public  libraries  with  the 
larger  towns  it  was  noticed  that  the  amount  and 
kind  of  reading  is  relatively  the  same  but  the 
total  is  much  less,  and  the  maximum  amount 
is  reached  a  year  later  in  the  smaller  towns. 

In  all  cases,  however,  the  maximum  is  reached 
at  from  n  to  13  years  of  age,  or  from  the  sixth 
to  the  eighth  grade.* 

H.  E.  RICHIE,  Secretary. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

THE  spring  meeting  of  the  Illinois  Library 
Association  will  be  held  at  the  Peoria  Public 
Library  on  Thursday,  May  13.  The  program 
will  cover  various  phases  of  the  work  of  a 
public  library.  The  meeting  will  be  an  all-day 
affair,  and  the  National  Hotel  has  been  chosen 
as  the  headquarters  of  the  association. 

/.V 'DIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Public  Libraries,  215  Madison  street,  Chicago, 
ill. 

IOWA  LIBRARY  SOCIETY. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  Lana  D.  Cope,  State  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

ARTICLES  of  incorporation  of  the  Iowa  Li- 
brary Association  were  filed  with  the  county 
recorder  of  Polk  county  on  April  22.  This  is 
the  result  of  the  decision  reached  at  the  last 
meeting  of  the  association,  wh'  n  it  was  decided 
to  become  an  independent  incorporated  body. 
As  first  organized,  the  Iowa  Library  Society 
was  an  adjunct  of  the  state  teachers'  associa- 
tion, but  it  is  believed  that  its  independent  es- 
tablishment will  result  in  increased  effective- 
ness. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary  :  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

*  A  synopsis  of  a  part  of  Dr.  Russell's  investigation 
was  given  in  the  April  (School)  no.  of  L  i.,  p.  194. 


MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President :  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Secretary:  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer :  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

THE  Massachusetts  Library  Club  met  on 
April  22,  at  the  Boston  Public  Library,  where 
the  Barton-Ticknor  room  accommodated  an  at- 
tendance of  200.  The  subject  for  the  day  be- 
ing "  Modern  methods  of  illustration,"  the  walls 
were  closely  hung  with  drawings  and  prints. 
A  large  group  was  loaned  by  Houghton,  Mifflin 
&  Co.;  Mr.  Prang  exhibited  a  number  of  beauti- 
ful lithographs  in  colors  ;  from  the  stores  of 
the  Youth's  Companion  Mr.  Sylvester  displayed 
a  number  of  original  drawings  and  a  very  in- 
teresting set  showing  the  stages  of  photographic 
reproduction  ;  Mrs.  Carter's  paper  was  supple- 
mented by  the  exhibition  of  one  of  the  travelling 
libraries  of  pictures,*  while  the  Public  Library 
added  a  number  of  examples  of  wood-engrav- 
ings, etchings,  etc. 

The  meeting  having  been  called  to  order 
shortly  after  10  o'clock,  the  secretary  reported 
that  when  it  became  known  that  the  Dingley 
bill,  as  reported  to  the  house,  deprived  libraries 
of  the  right  of  free  importation  of  books,  the 
executive  committee  met  (on  March  23),  and 
after  consultation,  aided  by  Mr.  Soule  and  Mr. 
Lane,  passed  resolutions  of  protest,  which  were 
forwarded  to  the  senators  and  representatives 
from  Massachusetts  and  Rhode  Island,  and  to 
members  of  the  committee  on  ways  and  means, 
as  well  as  to  other  library  organizations  and  to 
each  library  represented  on  the  club  roll  of 
membership  with  a  note  urging  independent  ac- 
tion on  the  same  lines. 

Mr.  Soule  spoke  of  the  special  meeting  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  at  Atlantic  City  on  April  5,  expressing 
approval  of  the  resolution  adopted  there  asking 
for  the  substitution  in  the  new  bill  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  of  1890  for  the  unsatisfactory 
modifications  made  in  the  house,  and  moved 
the  following  resolution,  which  was  adopted. 

''''Resolved:  That  we  approve  the  action  of  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  in  asking  for  a  continuation  in  the  new 
tariff  of  the  privilege  of  free  importation  of  books,  etc., 
heretofore  granted  to  libraries  and  other  educational  in- 
stitutions. And  that  we  further  ask  our  senators  and 
representatives  in  congress  —  on  behalf  of  the  readers  and 
scholars  who  use  our  libraries  —  to  restore  to  the  free  list 
of  the  proposed  tariff,  old  books  and  books  in  foreign 
languages,  which  have  been  wisely  and  liberally  exempted 
from  duty  in  previous  tariffs." 

Miss  Nina  E.  Browne,  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  lists  of  select  fiction,  submitted  a  re- 
port of  progress,  in  part  as  follows  :  "  The  let- 
ter as  printed  in  the  March  L.  j.,  asking  for  f  10 
a  year  for  three  years  toward  continuing  the 
select  fiction  lists,  was  sent  to  18  library  clubs  and 
associations.  Answers  have  been  received  from 
14.  Two  of  these  associations,  the  New  York 
State  Library  Association  and  the  New  York 
Library  Club,  have  given  $20.  Western  Penn- 
sylvania Library  Club  has  had  no  meeting,  but 


*  Catalogs  of  the  reproductions  used  can  be  obtained 
!>v  applying  to  Mrs.  H.  J.  Carter,  Prang  Educational  Co., 
Boston. 


264 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


the  president,  W.  M.  Stevenson,  writes,  '  I  would 
rather  pay  $10  out  of  my  book  fund  than  see 
the  plan  fail.  To  be  reasonably  sure  that  one 
is  selecting  good  books  is  worth  the  value  of 
many  books.'  Michigan  Library  Association 
will  give  $10  for  20  copies  to  be  sent  to  that 
number  of  Michigan  libraries  to  be  hereafter 
designated.  Central  California  and  Minnesota 
will  endeavor  to  obtain  subscriptions.  Of  the 
others,  some  have  no  money,  the  rest  do  not 
have  a  meeting  till  next  fall  or  winter."  The 
report  was  accepted  and  the  committee  con- 
tinued. 

Business  being  thus  ended,  Mr.  Putnam  spoke 
briefly  about  the  subject  of  the  day,  and  upon 
the  services  rendered  to  libraries  and  to  all 
who  valued  honest  bookmaking,  by  the  late  H. 
O.  Houghton.  Mr.  Winthrop  S.  Scudder,  of  the 
Riverside  Press,  then  spoke  upon  the  various 
forms  of  reproduction  of  the  work  of  artists  for 
publication  in  books,  such  as  line  relief,  wood- 
engraving,  steel-engraving,  etching,  mezzotint, 
half-tone,  photogravure,  etc.,  illustrating  the  de- 
tails by  specimens  of  plates,  and  prints  in  vari- 
ous stages,  and  by  use  of  the  blackboard.  It  was 
also  shown  how,  by  use  of  a  pocket  magnifying 
glass,  and  by  consideration  of  the  surface  of  the 
paper,  the  results  of  the  different  processes  can 
be  identified.  Mr.  Scudder  spoke  also  of  the 
improvement  in  half-tones  resulting  from  re- 
touching with  the  graver,  and  praised  the  work 
done  by  Mr.  George  Andrew,  Jr.,  in  this  line. 
Mr.  Scudder  carefully  avoided  touching  upon 
the  reproduction  of  color,  but  it  would  be  a  pity 
not  to  call  attention  to  the  delicate  work  recent- 
ly done  at  the  Press  in  the  illustrated  edition  of 
Thoreau's  "Cape  Cod." 

Mr.  Louis  Prang  read  a  paper  on  color  lith- 
ography, giving  a  full  account  of  the  processes 
and  difficulties  of  the  art,  drawing  upon  his  own 
vast  experience  for  illustrative  material,  and 
speaking  with  an  enthusiasm  and  delight  in  his 
work  which  were  charming.  The  high-water 
mark  of  achievement  in  the  art  has  been  at- 
tained in  the  plates  made  by  Mr.  Prang  for  the 
catalog  of  the  collection  of  ceramics  gathered 
by  Mr.  W.  T.  Walters,  of  Baltimore.  500 
copies  are  struck  off,  and  if  all  are  sold  at 
the  price  asked,  $500,  the  cost  of  the  work 
would  lack  a  large  amount  of  being  met.  Nu- 
merous plates  from  this  work  were  shown,  in- 
cluding one  of  the  "peach-blow"  vase.  Mr. 
Prang  also  exhibited  one  of  the  books  of  proofs, 
formed  in  the  course  of  reproducing  a  single 
vase,  which  when  unfolded  reached  nearly 
across  the  width  of  the  room.  In  simple  lith- 
ography Mr.  Prang  gave  high  praise  to  the 
work  of  Mr.  De  Camp,  and  showed  his  por- 
traits of  Lincoln  and  Webster,  remarkable  for 
strength  and  delicacy.  Mr.  Prang  believes  that 
the  revival  of  the  art  which  is  now  in  progress 
in  England,  France,  and  Germany,  will  reach 
these  shores,  and  that  within  10  years  we  shall 
see  the  stone  occupy  here  again  a  favored  place 
for  reproduction  in  simple  black  and  white. 

Mrs.  Hicks  being  unable  to  attend,  Mrs.  H. 
J.  Carter,  her  associate  in  the  Prang  Education- 
al Co.,  attended  in  her  stead  and  read  a  paper 
upon  travelling  libraries  of  pictures,  describing 


the  first  beginnings  of  this  work  and  the  wide 
possibilities  it  offers.  It  may  be  said  in  passing 
that  sets  of  pictures  for  loaning  were  prepared 
in  Boston  10  or  12  years  ago  by  Miss  Hale  and 
widely  circulated. 

A  vote  of  thanks  to  those  who  had  contributed 
to  make  the  meeting  helpful  and  pleasant  was 
moved  and  passed,  and  the  meeting  adjourned 
shortly  before  i  p.m.  ^ 

At  2:30  p.m.  three  "long  cars,"  more  or  less 
comfortably  filled,  left  Copley  Square  for  River- 
side, and  when  the  party  appeared  before  the 
Press  it  was  proved  to  be  141  strong.  Undis- 
mayed, our  efficient  hosts  divided  the  horde 
(the  word  is  used  in  a  purely  ethnological  sense) 
into  groups  of  12  or  15,  and  provided  each  group 
with  a  leader.  In  this  manner  we  inspected 
every  department  of  the  Press  in  comfort,  and 
everybody  saw  everything,  from  the  typeset- 
ting machine  to  that  which  makes  "  publishers' 
bindings";  and  everywhere  we  met  "the  dic- 
tionary "  and  followed  it  through  its  stages,  even 
to  the  affixing  of  those  aggravating  insets  in- 
tended, as  I  have  been  told,  to  facilitate  refer- 
ence. And  when  our  eight  or  nine  groups  were 
most  thoroughly  involved  in  the  complexities 
of  the  establishment,  it  was  a  pleasure  to  see 
the  alacrity  with  which  the  fire  brigade  respond- 
ed to  a  trial  call  and  "  got  a  stream  on  to  "  cer- 
tain observant  urchins. 

Even  as  I  close  this  report  there  comes  to  me 
a  pleasant  memento  of  this  visit  entitled  :  "A 
brief  account  |  of  |  the  Atlantic  Monthly.  |  This 
is  an  advance  copy  printed  especially  |  for  the 
members  of  the  Massachusetts  |  Library  Club, 
and  presented  with  the  |  compliments  of  the 
publishers  |  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.  |  4  Park 
St.,  Boston,  Mass.  |  "  8°,  pp.  7.  Collectors  of 
the  2ist  century  may  take  notice. 

WM.   H.  TlLLlNGHAST,  Secretary. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary :  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer 
sity,  Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  MaryL.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HA  MPSHIRE  LIBRARY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer :  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


265 


NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  J:  B.  Thompson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Secretary:  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

THE  usual  western  meeting  of  the  association 
will  be  held  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  in  the  common 
council  chambers  of  the  city  hall,  on  Friday 
and  Saturday,  May  14  and  15.  The  following 
program  has  been  prepared: 
Friday,  2:30 p.m.: 

Address  of  welcome.  —  Dr.  E.  M.  Moore, 
president  of  trustees  of  University  of  Roches- 
ter. 

President's  address. — A.  L.  Peck,  Glovers- 
ville Free  Library. 

Library  situation  in  west  central  New  York. — 
W.  R.  Eastman,  New  York  State  Library. 
Village  libraries  : 

Can  the  average  village  afford  a  public  li- 
brary? —  H.  K.  Armstrong,  president  Penn  Yan 
Public  Library. 

Ways  and  means  of  library  support.  —  Mrs. 
A.  M.  Dean,  trustee  Montour  Falls  Free  Li- 
brary. 

State  aid  to  libraries.  —  Melvil  Dewey,  secre- 
tary University  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Value   of  a  trained   librarian   in  a  small  li- 
brary.—  Julia  A.  Hopkins,  reference  librarian 
Reynolds  library,  Rochester. 
Discussion. 
Business. 
Friday,  8  p.m. 
City  libraries  : 

What   a   public   library  may  do  for  a  large 
city. — W:  H.  Brett,  Cleveland  Public  Library, 
The  Rochester  libraries. —  Prof.  W:  C.  Mo- 
rey,  University  of  Rochester. 

Discussion.  —  J.  N.  Larned,  superintendent 
Buffalo  Library  ;  Milton  Noyes,  superintendent 
of  schools,  Rochester ;  Melvil  Dewey,  secre- 
tary University  of  the  State  of  New  York;  Rev. 
W:  R.  Taylor,  D.D.,  Rochester;  Prof.  Howard 
Osgood,  Rochester  Theological  Seminary. 
Saturday,  qii.m. 

Study  clubs  and  reading  circles  in  their  rela- 
tion to  public  libraries.  —  Myrtilla  Avery,  N.  Y. 
State     Library,    chairman     library    committee 
N.  Y.  State  Federation  of  Women's  Clubs. 
Discussion. 
Questions  and  answers. 

OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary:  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton, 

Treasurer:  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 


PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

WE  STERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary- Treasurer:  W:  R.  Watson,  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN    TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President :  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 

Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 

REV.  S.  E.  LATHROP,  of  Ashland,  has  been 
elected  superintendent  of  the  North  Wisconsin 
Travelling  Library  Association,  and  will  have 
charge  of  the  distribution  of  the  libraries  sent 
out.  10  new  libraries  have  recently  been  put 
in  operation  in  counties  which  have  not  hither- 
to been  reached. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary  :  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  Armour  In- 
stitute, CHicago,  111. 

Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Public  Li- 
braries, 215  Madison  street. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 

"  A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going — and  so,  good-day ! " 

"  THE  modern  short  story  "  was  the  subject  of 
a  symposium  at  the  meeting  of  the  Round  Table 
on  Friday  evening,  April  30.  A  paper  on  "  The 
development  of  the  short  story  in  France,  Eng- 
land, and  America,"  was  read  by  Miss  Stearns, 
followed  by  short  talks  on  Poe,  by  Miss  Van 
Valkenburg;  Daudet,  Miss  Blend;  Kipling,  Miss 
Corbitt;  Bret  Harte,  Miss  Dousman;  Bunner, 
Miss  Fisher;  Mary  E.  Wilkins.  Miss  Hornor; 
Turgenicf,  Miss  Kulzick. 

The  Round  Table  has  recently  been  the  re- 
cipient of  a  set  of  cups  and  saucers  from  Mrs. 
Edwin  Pierce,  Boston;  cake  plate,  Miss  Mac 


266 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


Schreiber,  Milwaukee;  a  book  of  foreign  views 
taken  by  F.  W.  Faxon,  Boston;  and  a  veritable 
round  table,  seating  15,  from  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns. 


NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 


Free 


President:     A.    E.    Bostwick,    N.    Y. 
Circulating  Library. 

Secretary:  T:  W.  Idle,  Columbia  University 
Library. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  N.  Y. 
Free  Circulating  Library. 

THK  annual  meeting  of  the  New  York  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  at  the  library  of  the  Rail- 
road Men's  Branch  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  on 
April  22.  The  date  was  changed  to  make 
possible  the  attendance  of  the  vice-director 
and  students  of  the  New  York  State  Library 
School.  About  200  persons  were  present.  The 
executive  committee  reported  that  it  recom- 
mended the  appropriation  by  the  club  of  $25 
for  the  Poole  Memorial  Fund  ;  the  report  was 
adopted.  Mr.  Bostwick,  of  the  New  York  Free 
Circulating  Library,  reported  on  behalf  of  the 
committee  on  the  Dingley  bill,  that  no  further 
action  had  been  taken  by  the  committee,  but 
that  he  had  sent  from  the  various  branches  of 
the  Free  Circulating  Library  petitions  contain- 
ing several  thousand  signatures  to  Senator 
Platt,  who  had  replied  expressing  himself  in 
sympathy  with  the  movement. 

The  program  consisted  of  a  discussion  of  the 
subject,  "The  organization  and  management 
of  library  staffs."  The  first  paper  was  by  Mr. 
Wilberforce  Eames,  Lenox  librarian  of  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  giving  an  account  of 
the  organization  of  the  staff  of  the  Public  Li- 
brary in  the  Astor  and  Lenox  buildings.  The 
work,  he  said,  has  been  divided  for  the  present 
into  five  main  departments  :  I,  the  executive 
department ;  2,  the  catalog  department ;  3,  the 
shelf  department ;  4,  the  readers'  department ; 
and  5,  the  periodical  department.  The  director 
of  the  library  is  the  chief  of  the  executive  de- 
partment, which  has  charge  of  all  matters  per- 
taining to  the  appointment, assignment  to  duty 
and  payment  of  the  staff  and  employes,  the 
selection  and  purchase  of  books  and  supplies, 
acknowledgment  of  gifts,  exchange  of  books, 
printing,  etc.  The  executive  department  con- 
sists of  a  business  superintendent  and  two  li- 
brarians, subject  to  the  director.  Of  the  two 
librarians,  one  has  charge  of  the  books  and 
exhibits  at  the  Lenox  and  the  other  has  special 
duties  at  the  Astor.  The  catalog  department, 
organized  under  a  chief  who  reports  to  the 
director,  has  charge  of  the  classification  and 
cttaloging  of  all  accessions.  About  20  persons 
are  employed  as  catalogers  and  copyists  in  this 
department  at  the  Astor  building  and  eight  at 
the  Lenox.  The  shelf  department  records  the 
books  sent  from  the  catalog  department  in  the 
accession-books,  has  charge  of  the  shelf  lists, 
and  of  the  binding.  This  department  also  has 
charge  of  the  reclassification  on  the  shelves, 
by  which  a  relative  or  movable  system  is  being 
gradually  substituted  for  the  fixed  system. 
Four  persons  are  employed  as  assistants  in 
this  department  at  the  Astor  and  three  persons 


at  the  Lenox  building.  The  readers'  depart- 
ment has  charge  of  the  reading-rooms  and  the 
reference  work.  15  persons  are  employed  as 
assistants,  attendants,  and  runners  at  the  Astor 
building,  and  the  assistant  librarian  and  two 
assistants  at  the  Lenox  building.  The  peri- 
odical department  is  under  one  chief  at  the 
Astor  building.  The  total  number  of  the  pay- 
roll is  75.  The  regular  working  hours  are 
from  nine  in  the  morning  to  five  in  the  after- 
noon, with  a  half  day  off  every  second  week 
throughout  the  year,  and  also  three  weeks 
vacation  in  the  summer.  Discipline  and  rules 
are  of  course  necessary,  said  Mr.  Eames  in 
conclusion,  but  right  understanding  and  har- 
mony can  best  be  attained  by  free  discussion 
between  chief  and  staff,  the  benefit  of  which  is 
mutual. 

The  next  paper  on  the  program,  by  Mr.  F. 
P.  Hill,  of  Newark,  was  read  by  Miss  Winser, 
assistant  librarian  at  the  Newark  Public  Libra- 
ry, and  was  followed  by  papers  on  the  same 
subject  by  Miss  Hitchler,  of  the  New  York 
Free  Circulating  Library,  and  Miss  Davis,  of 
Pratt  Institute.  The  subject  was  treated  from 
several  different  points  of  view:  Mr.  Hill  gave 
the  practical  side  of  staff  organization,  duties, 
and  responsibilities,  Miss  Hitchler  spoke  of  the 
personal  relations  between  librarian  and  staff, 
and  Miss  Davis  set  forth  a  theory  of  library 
administration.  An  informal  discussion  fol- 
lowed the  papers,  in  which  Miss  Cutler,  Dr. 
Leipziger,  and  Miss  Hull  took  part.  Dr.  Leip- 
ziger  expressed  himself  in  favor  of  a  seven- 
hour  day. 

Three  new  members  were  elected  —  Miss  El- 
eanor E.  Davie,  of  the  educational  department 
of  Harper  &  Brothers,  Mrs.  R.  J.  Cross,  trustee 
of  the  New  York  Free  Circulating  Library, 
and  Harry  M.  Lydenberg,  of  the  Lenox  Libra- 
ry. The  following  officers  were  elected  for  the 
ensuing  year  :  President,  Arthur  E.  Bostwick, 
librarian  of  N.  Y.  Free  Circulating  Library;  ist 
Vice-president,  Wilberforce  Frames,  Lenox  li- 
brarian; 2d  Vice-president,  Miss  Harriet  B. 
Prescott,  Columbia  College  Library;  Secretary, 
Thomas  W.  Idle,  Columbia  University  Library; 
Treasurer,  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  N.  Y.  Free 
Circulating  Library. 

JOSEPHINE  A.  RATHBONE,  Secretary. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter,  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 

THE  22d  regular  meeting  of  the  Library  As- 
sociation of  Washington  City  was  held  March 
31,  1897,  in  the  Temple  of  the  Supreme  Council 
of  the  Scottish  Rite.  The  meeting  was  semi- 
social,  the  director  and  students  of  the  Pratt 
Institute  Library  School  being  present  upon  in- 
vitation. The  ladies  of  the  executive  committee, 
Misses  A.  R.  Hasse,  J.  A.  Clark,  and  M.  A. 
Gilkey,  aided  by  Mr.  W.  L.  Boyden,  acted  as 
hosts,  and  the  pleasure  experienced  by  all  who 
were  present  gave  proof  how  admirably  they 
performed  their  duties. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


267 


Mr.  A.  R.  Spofford  greeted  the  guests  on  the 
part  of  the  association,  extending  to  them  a 
welcome  to  the  capital.  Then  as  a  librarian  he 
called  attention  to  the  work  and  collections  of 
the  various  governmental  bureaus,  giving  a 
brief  re'sume"  of  their  functions  and  labors.  He 
also  described  the  present  condition  of  the  na- 
tional library  and  its  new  building  and  hinted  at 
the  hopes  for  its  future.  Mr.  Spofford  spoke 
earnestly  of  the  calling  of  the  librarian  and 
avowed  his  conviction  that  the  vocation  is  one 
of  the  noblest  professions  in  the  world. 

Mr.  N.  P.  Scudder's  address  upon  "The  dis- 
advantages of  Roman  numerals  in  library  work  " 
was  an  earnest  appeal  to  librarians  to  use  their 
influence  to  do  away  with  this  cumbersome 
method  of  enumeration.  He  cited  many  exam- 
ples where  mistakes,  and  consequent  loss  of 
time,  had  been  brought  about  by  the  use  of  Ro- 
man rather  than  Arabic  numbers. 

Remarks  on  this  paper  were  made  by  Miss 
Clarke,  Mr.  Crandall,  and  Mr.  Cutter,  discour- 
aging the  use  of  the  Roman  figures  on  the  backs 
of  volumes.  Dr.  Adler  maintained  that  libra- 
rians should  not  get  into  the  habit  of  desiring  to 
have  things  made  too  easy  for  them  by  the 
makers  of  books.  Mr.  Spofford  spoke  strongly 
in  favor  of  all  time-saving  devices  and  con- 
trasted the  Arabic  method  of  writing  83  with 
the  Roman,  which  Jhe  secretary  does  not  now 
know  how  to  express. 

Dr.  H.  Carrington  Bolton  read  a  paper  on 
the  "  Bibliographic  work  of  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution, 1846-  1895,"  which  will  be  printed  in 
the  half-century  memorial  volume  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution.  He  gave  an  account  of  the 
earliest  plans  laid  down  by  Joseph  Henry,  first 
secretary  of  the  institution,  for  fostering  work 
in  bibliography;  described  the  labors  of  Pro- 
fessor Jewett  and  his  scheme  for  a  general  co- 
operative catalog  of  American  libraries;  and 
enumerated  the  principal  bibliographies  pub- 
lished by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  the 
many  branches  of  science. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  business  the  meeting 
was  formally  adjourned,  and  the  balance  of  the 
evening  was  devoted  to  inspecting  the  library 
and  various  rooms  of  the  Temple  under  the 
guidance  of  Mr.  Boyden. 

THE  23d  regular  meeting  of  the  Library  As- 
sociation of  Washington  City  was  held  at  Co- 
lumbian University,  April  28  ;  in  the  absence  of 
the  president,  Vice-president  Theodore  L.  Cole 
presided. 

The  election  to  membership  of  Dr.  Marcus 
Baker  and  Mr.  Thomas  K.  Gallaher,  both  of  the 
Geological  Survey  office,  was  announced. 

The  paper  of  the  evening  was  read  by  Miss 
A.  R.  Hasse,  and  entitled  "  Bibliographic  ram- 
bles among  early  documents."  All  who  accom- 
panied Miss  Hasse  upon  these  rambles  enjoyed 
them  exceedingly,  as  they  encountered  many 
would-be  sellers  of  books,  who  desired  to  fit 
out  our  government  with  ready-made  libraries, 
carefully  selected  according  to  their  individual 
tastes  ;  and  most  of  them  knew  how  to  cry  their 
wares  as  well  as  some  of  the  dealers  of  to-day. 
Her  description  of  the  burning,  in  1801,  of  the 


first  library  owned  by  the  government,  that  of 
the  War  Office,  was  very  quaint  and  amusing, 
and  made  one  realize  that  "documents"  are 
sometimes  interesting  —  if  you  can  get  some 
one  else  to  read  them  for  you.  Dr.  Adler 
thanked  Miss  Hasse  in  the  name  of  her  hearers, 
and  voiced  their  desire  in  the  request  that  she 
should  soon  give  them  a  talk  upon  "  Early 
government  imprints,"  a  subject  to  which  she 
has  bestowed  much  attention. 

Dr.  H.  Carrington  Bolton  amused  and  inter- 
ested those  present  by  citing  the  changes  of 
titles  which  the  Palladium  (London,  1748-1779) 
underwent.  This  annual  bore  during  its  life 
no  less  than  13  titles. 

The  new  "  Handbook  "  was  issued  at  the  close 
of  the  meeting.  F.  H.  PARSONS,  Secretary. 

HANDBOOK. 

The  association  has  issued  an  official  "  Hand- 
book ;  with  notes  on  libraries  in  Washington," 
that  is  of  more  than  local  interest.  It  is  a  use- 
ful little  manual  of  the  libraries  of  Washington 
as  well  as  of  the  Library  Association  of  Wash- 
ington City,  and  its  compilers  have  performed 
a  public  service  in  its  preparation.  It  contains 
besides  the  constitution,  list  of  officers  and 
members  of  the  club,  and  bibliography  of  papers 
and  proceedings,  an  i8-page  "  Description  of 
libraries "  of  the  city,  to  which  is  appended  a 
useful  "index  to  special  collections."  The  li- 
braries are  listed  alphabetically  in  two  divisions, 
I,  public  libraries,  2,  private  libraries,  and  the 
data  given  comprises  name  of  librarian,  loca- 
tion of  collection,  date  of  organization,  hours  of 
opening  and  rules  as  to  use,  no.  v.,  "special- 
ty," if  any,  and  word  as  to  whether  a  printed 
catalog  exists.  There  are  61  collections  noted 
in  the  first  list  and  23  in  the  second,  and  the  li- 
braries listed  report  in  all  a  total  of  1,990,277 
v.  (with  a  yearly  increase  of  64,839),  772,960 
pamphlets,  200,000  musical  titles,  104,000  maps, 
and  5750  photographic  negatives,  war  scenes, 
etc. 


(Library  Schools  an5  draining  (glasses. 

ARMOUR  INSTITUTE  Lf BRA RY  SCHOOL. 

THE  library  school  which  has  been  conducted 
at  Armour  Institute  of  Technology,  Chicago, 
since  September,  1893,  has  been  transferred  to 
the  University  of  Illinois,  where  the  work  will 
be  continued  under  the  same  director,  but  along 
broader  lines. 

Notice  of  the  new  school  will  be  found  else- 
where (si-f  p.  268). 

KATHARINE  L.  SHARP,  Director. 

PR  A  TT  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 
THE  library  school  set  out  on  its  annual  trip 
of  library  inspection  on  March  29,  the  journey 
this  year  being  to  Washington,  with  a  viiit 
also  to  the  libraries  of  Baltimore.  The  party 
reached  Washington  on  afternoon  o(  the  2Qth 
and  at  once  paid  a  visit  to  the  Free  Circulating 
Library.  On  Tuesday  morning  the  new  Con- 
gressional Library  was  explored  and  admired  ; 
the  old  Congressional  Library  was  inspected 


268 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


under  Mr.  Spofford's  personal  guidance,  and 
the  capitol  also  was  visited.  The  afternoon 
was  spent  at  Arlington,  and  in  the  evening  the 
school  was  welcomed  at  the  Naval  Observatory, 
where  the  librarian  not  only  displayed  the  fine 
astronomical  collection  but  procured  for  the 
visitors  a  view  through  the  26-inch  telescope, 
the  third  largest  in  the  country.  Wednesday 
was  devoted  in  the  morning  to  visiting  the 
libraries  of  the  Agricultural  Department,  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  and  the  Surgeon- 
General's  office  ;  In  the  afternoon  the  library  of 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents  ;  and  in  the 
evening  the  school  attended  the  meeting  of  the 
Washington  Library  Association,  which  was 
followed  by  a  reception  in  honor  of  the  visitors. 
Thursday  was  spent  at  Mount  Vernon,  and  it 
was  found  possible  to  make  brief  visits  to  the 
libraries  of  the  War,  Navy,  and  State  depart- 
ments, as  well  as  the  Riggs  Memorial  Library 
of  the  Jesuit  College  at  Georgetown,  before 
leaving  Washington  on  Friday  for  Baltimore, 
where  a  morning  visit  was  made  to  Johns  Hop- 
kins University.  In  the  afternoon  the  Enoch 
Pratt  Free  Library  and  two  of  its  branches 
were  visited,  while  on  Saturday  morning  Pea- 
body  Institute  was  inspected,  and  time  was 
found  for  a  brief  examination  of  the  Walters 
collection  before  train  time.  The  party  reached 
New  York  on  Tuesday  afternoon,  having  again 
proved  the  truism  that  library  tourists  are  able 
to  do  more  and  see  more  within  a  given  time 
than  any  other  class  of  travellers. 

NEW  YORK  STA  TE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

CRITICAL  REVIEWS  USED  IN  SELECTING  CURRENT 
LITERATURE. 


Foreign. 

Academy. 

Athenaeum. 

Cosmopolis. 

Economic  journal. 

Economic  review. 

Edinburgh  review. 

English   historical  re- 
view. 

Knowledge. 

Nature. 

Nineteenth  century. 

Revue  des  deux  mon- 
des. 

Saturday  review. 

Spectator. 

Spectator  supplement. 

Westminster  review. 
American. 

American  historical  re- 
view. 

American    journal    of 
psychology. 

American    journal    of 
sociology. 

American    journal    of 
theology. 

Atlantic. 

Bookman. 

Book  news. 

Catholic  world. 


Cosmopolitan. 

Critic. 

Dial. 

Educational  review. 

Franklin  institute 
journal. 

Harper's  monthly. 

Harper's  weekly. 

International  journal 
of  ethics. 

Journal  of  folk  lore. 

Journal  of  political 
economy. 

Literary  world. 

Nation. 

New  world. 

Outlook. 

Poet  lore. 

Political  science  quar- 
terly. 

Popular  science  month- 

iy. 

Psychological  review. 
Quarterly    journal    of 

economics. 
Review  jof  reviews. 
Science. 
Sun. 
Times. 
Tribune. 
Yale  review. 


This  list  has  been  made  up  after  considera- 
ble experiment.  I  would  be  glad  to  know  the 
experience  of  others  in  using  these  reviews, 
and  titles  of  others  that  are  found  useful. 

MARY  S.  CUTLER. 

NEW   YORK   VISIT. 

THE  annual  library  visit  of  the  school  was 
made  this  year  to  the  libraries  of  New  York 
and  vicinity,  April  13-23.  The  party  numbered 
29  students  and  was  in  charge  of  Miss  Cutler. 
The  itinerary  included  visits  to  Vassar  College 
Library,  Poughkeepsie ;  the  Mount  Vernon 
Public  Library  ;  the  Newark  Public  Library  ; 
the  Brooklyn  Library,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  Pratt 
Institute  libraries  of  Brooklyn:  and  the  various 
libraries  of  New  York  City.  The  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  New  York  Library  Club  was  also 
attended  by  the  entire  party. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  STA  TE  LIBRARY 
SCHOOL. 

THE  University  of  Illinois  has  adopted  the 
library  school  now  conducted  at  Armour  In- 
stitute of  Technology. 

The  two  years  of  technical  work  will  rank  as 
junior  and  senior,  and  will  be  given  only  to 
those  who  have  received  credit  for  two  years  of 
college  work.  There  will.be  no  special  exam- 
ination for  the  library  course,  but  candidates 
must  matriculate  in  the  university,  where  they 
will  receive  rank  according  to  their  qualifica- 
tions. Freshmen  and  sophomores  who  register 
for  the  library  course  will  take  reference  work 
and  general  lectures  in  connection  with  their 
college  studies. 

Tuition  is  free  to  residents  and  non-residents 
of  the  state.  The  matriculation  fee  of  $10  is 
good  for  the  entire  course.  The  fees  each  year 
amount  to  $22.50. 

The  students  will  occupy  beautiful  class- 
rooms in  the  magnificent  new  library  building 
on  the  campus.  This  building,  which  will  be 
dedicated  in  June  with  an  address  by  Mr.  Mel- 
vil  Dewey,  is  considered  the  finest  state  build- 
ing in  Illinois  with  the  exception  of  the  capitol 
at  Springfield. 

The  library  now  numbers  over  30,000  v.  and 
6000  pamphlets,  and  there  is  a  generous  appro- 
priation for  new  books,  so  that  the  classes  will 
not  lack  practical  work.  The  transfer  of  the 
school  is  considered  advantageous  in  every  way. 

Inquiries  for  information  should  be  addressed 
to  the  registrar,  University  of  Illinois,  Cham- 
paign, 111.  KATHARINE  L.  SHARP,  Director. 

WISCONSIN  SUMMER  SCHOOL. 

THE  summer  school  of  library  science  which 
was  conducted  under  the  charge  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Wisconsin  at  Madison  in  1895  and  1896 
will  be  made  permanent.  This  year  it  will  be 
under  the  charge  of  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  in- 
structor in  reference  work  and  bibliography  in 
the  school  of  library  science  of  Armour  Insti- 
tute. The  school  will  open  July  5  and  close 
August  13.  Circulars  of  information  may  be 
obtained  from  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  Armour 
Institute,  Chicago,  or  of  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge  or  F. 
A.  Hutchins,  Madison,  Wis. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


269 


AMERICAN  CATALOGUE,  founded  by  F:  Leypoldt, 
1890-  1895:  books  recorded  (including  reprints 
and  importations),  July  i,  1890 -June  30,  1895; 
comp.  under  the  editorial  direction  of  R:  R. 
Bowker.  I,  Author-and-title  alphabet;  2,  Sub- 
ject alphabet,  etc.  N.  Y.,  Office  of  the  Pub- 
lishers Weekly,  1896.  8+497  +  503+6-63  + 
142  p.  Q.  $12.50;  $15. 

With  each  succeeding  volume  of  the  Ameri- 
can Catalogue  the  feeling  has  grown  and 
strengthened  that  in  this  work  is  being  de- 
veloped quite  the  most  important  bibliographi- 
cal contribution,  not  alone  in  the  United  States, 
but  in  the  world  of  literature.  Had  this  recog- 
nition not  been  already  in  the  mind  of  the 
writer,  the  last  and  just  issued  volume,  cover- 
ing the  period  1890-1895,  would  have  forced 
the  thought  upon  him.  Nowhere  else  in  the 
world  is  there  a  list  of  current  books  of  one- 
half  (and  but  for  moderation  of  statement,  we 
should  write,  one-quarter)  the  completeness  or 
importance.  The  comparison,  indeed,  is  all  the 
more  in  favor  of  the  present  work  in  that  it  in- 
cludes not  merely  the  literature  of  a  great  book- 
producing  nation  but  also  a  very  material  per- 
centage of  British  books,  republished  in  this 
country.  Furthermore  our  large  foreign  popu- 
lation, to  say  nothing  of  a  mark  of  craving  for 
international  cultivation  inherent  in  our  people, 
leads  to  the  publication  of  a  very  unusual  num- 
ber of  works  in  foreign  tongues,  the  United 
States  probably  far  exceeding  any  other  country 
in  the  world  in  this  respect.  This  necessarily 
adds  a  very  distinct  labor  to  the  compilers  and 
demands  of  them  a  special  knowledge  not 
usually  required  by  the  work  in  similar  lines  in 
other  countries.  As  a  fact,  the  American  Cata- 
logue ranks  so  pre-eminently  above  the  attempt- 
ed lists  of  contemporary  books  of  Great  Britain, 
France,  and  Germany,  that  they  cannot  be  even 
used  for  comparison,  and  the  only  way  to  fairly 
test  the  last  issue  is  to  compare  it  with  the 
previous  volumes  of  the  series,  in  which  the 
books  of  1876-1890  were  cataloged  and  de- 
scribed. 

It  is  only  12  years  since  the  first  supple- 
ment to  the  American  Catalogue  was  issued, 
but  the  contrast  between  the  volume  for  1876- 
1884  and  that  just  completed  is  very  striking, 
and  illustrates  not  alone  the  mere  growth  of 
publishing  in  that  period,  but  even  more,  the 
great  advance  made  in  the  bibliographical  sys- 
tem of  which  these  volumes  are  appropriately 
termed  the  crown.  With  each  issue  the  tests 
applied  reveal  a  greater  and  greater  inclusive- 
ness,  and  though  the  compilers,  through  their 
spokesman,  Mr.  Howkcr,  distinctly  disclaim,  in 
the  preface,  bibliographical  completeness,  such 
a  disavowal  seems  scarcely  called  for.  Of 
course  there  are  omissions,  as  there  always 
must  be  in  bibliography,  for  no  possible  system 
or  expenditure  could  discover  and  catalog  the 
Look  product  of  an  active-minded  nation  in  one 
w«>rk  ;  and  so,  since  in  this  sense  there  never 
can  be  bibliographical  completeness,  it  hardly 


seems  necessary  to  speak  of  a  natural  limita- 
tion as  a  defect.  What  Mr.  Johnson  said  of 
the  strawberry  inevitably  comes  to  mind,  and 
we  can  only  conclude  that  while  as  an  abstract 
possibility,  there  might  be  a  fuller  and  better 
list,  we  shall  hold  that  the  present  work,  like 
the  strawberry,  is  the  best  to  be  had,  short  of 
the  slow  natural  evolution  which  has  even  im- 
proved that  berry  since  Mr.  Johnson  so  graphi- 
cally described  it. 

Comparing  the  first  and  last  volumes  of  the 
set,  the  improvements  come  out  in  very  sharp 
relief.  The  earliest,  though  containing  the 
publications  of  nine  years,  is  a  book  of  some 
700  pages;  the  latest,  covering  a  period  of  five 
years,  contains  approximately  900.  In  the 
former,  17  pages  are  needed  for  a  list  of  gov- 
ernment documents  ;  in  the  latter  60  pages  are 
devoted  to  the  same  class.  The  publications  of 
societies  filled  three  pages  in  the  initial  volume, 
they  require  28  in  the  present  one.  No  attempt 
was  made  in  the  pioneer  catalog  to  note  state 
publications;  its  successor  gives  38  pages  to  the 
subject,  making  a  list  of  really  great  impor- 
tance, because,  next  to  privately  printed  bro- 
chures, which  from  their  very  nature  are  beyond 
the  ken  of  the  most  lynx-eyed  bibliographer, 
the  local  publications  are  the  most  buried  and 
illusive  of  books.  The  success  with  which  these 
state  documents  have  been  included  inspires  the 
hope,  rather  than  the  expectation,  that  in  some 
way  a  means  will  be  eventually  evolved  by 
which  those  of  municipalities  will  be  included 
as  well. 

The  general  accuracy  of  the  work  makes  a 
truly  praiseworthy  showing.  The  whole  first 
section  was  run  through,  and  the  title  of  each 
book  with  which  the  writer  was  familiar  was 
carefully  scanned.  Yet  out  of  the  several  hun- 
dred entries  thus  tested,  not  one  single  error  of 
fact,  nor  a  single  typographical  error  was  de- 
tected. This,  to  us,  who  have  proved  in  the 
past  the  utter  hopelessness  of  correct  biblio- 
graphical printing,  is  little  short  of  the  marvel- 
lous, and  cannot  be  too  highly  commended. 

P.  L.  F. 

MUNICIPAL  AFFAIRS:  issued  at  quarterly  inter- 
vals,    v.  I,    no.   i,   March,   1897:  A  bibliog- 
raphy of  municipal   administration  and  city 
conditions,  by  Robert  C.  Brooks.     New  York, 
Reform  Club,  committee  on  municipal  admin- 
istration.    10  +  224  p.  O.  50  c. 
Bibliography   becomes   often   an   interesting 
index  to  the  trend  of  public  affairs,  as  is  again 
suggested  by  the  appearance  of  a  bibliography 
of  municipal  administration  and  city  conditions, 
answering  to  the  new  interest  in  municipal  af- 
fairs which  has  come  with  the  plans  for  Greater 
New   York    and    "greater"   cities    elsewhere. 
The  present  list  in  its  subject  entry  of  "  Bibliog- 
raphies on  municipal  government  and  related 
topics  "(?•  13)  schedules  a  dozen  works  in  which 
bibliographical  lists  on  municipal  subjects  are 
included,  but  no  such  bibliography  as  the  pres- 
ent has  hitherto  been  projected.     The  Reform 
Club,  through  its  committee  on  municipal  ad- 
ministration, and  the  compiler  of  this  bibliog- 


270 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[.I/ay,  '97 


raphy,  Mr.  Robert  C.  Brooks,  are  entitled  to 
the  credit  of  a  good  piece  of  work  in  an  im- 
portant field.  The  bibliography  is  in  two  parts, 
a  "  subject  index " of  138  pages  and  an  "author 
list"  of  86  pages,  prefaced  by  a  list  of  periodi- 
cals and  abbreviations  and  a  list  of  principal 
topics  in  the  subject  index,  which  last,  though 
theoretically  unnecessary,  is  practically  useful. 
The  author  list  includes  2300  separate  titles, 
from  1400  authors,  1900  entries  covering  Ameri- 
can and  English  books,  about  150  in  French,  120 
in  German,  So  in  Italian,  and  50  in  Spanish. 
1000  anonymous  books  are  also  included 
in  the  subject  division,  and  the  entire  bibliog- 
raphy contains  some  6000  entries.  No  less 
than  92  periodicals  are  cited,  Poole's  Index  and 
the  "  Annual  literary  index  "  having  been  freely 
utilized. 

The  bibliography  is  remarkably  comprehen- 
sive and  approximately  complete,  with  the  im- 
portant exception  that  no  record  is  made  of  city 
reports,  such  as  those  of  the  mayor,  commis- 
sioners of  public  works,  etc.,  etc.,  of  the  several 
cities,  an  important  class  of  publication  abso- 
lutely uncataloged,  and  which  should  have  been 
included  at  least  in  some  general"  way  in  such  a 
bibliography  as  this.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
official  publications  of  New  York  state,  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, etc.,  bearing  on  municipal  questions 
have  careful  entry.  Although  it  has  not  been 
generally  attempted  to  bring  in  the  publications 
of  1897,  the  list  is  well  up  to  date,  on,  for  in- 
stance, the  Greater  New  York  charter,  the  18 
entries  on  Greater  New  York,  including  the 
charter  draft  as  printed  in  January.  The  en- 
tries as  to  municipal  libraries  are  unsatisfactory 
—  owing  in  good  part  to  the  lack  of  a  general 
index  to  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  which  it  is  to  be 
hoped  will  be  remedied  within  the  present  year. 
There  is  some  unnecessary  duplication  of  full 
entries  where  cross-references  might  serve  the 
purpose,  as  in  the  entries  on  municipal  lighting 
under  Lighting  (p.  53),  and  under  Municipal 
ownership  (p.  68),  and  in  Settlements,  under 
New  York  state  (p.  81),  and  under  Settlement 
movement  (p.  115).  In  the  subject  entries  the 
use  of  heavy-faced  type  both  for  the  subject  en- 
try and  for  the  title,  where  there  is  only  one  en- 
try on  the  subject,  is  confusing  and  undesirable. 
The  use  of  quotes  for  all  titles  is  also  unneces- 
sary. Occasionally  the  compiler  has  prefaced 
Hon.  and  Mr.  to  authors'  names,  doubtless  by 
oversight,  as  most  authors'  names  are  given 
without  such  meaningless  prefaces,  and  a  few 
like  slips  of  carelessness  are  evident,  as  (p.  104) 
in  the  last  entry  under  Rapid  transit,  where  the 
year  of  publication  referred  to  is  not  given. 
These  are  technical  criticisms  of  a  minor  sort, 
and  the  fact  that  there  are  no  more  than  these 
to  be  made  suggests  how  good  is  the  bibliog- 
raphy, especially  for  a  first  essay  in  this  direc- 
tion. In  all  libraries  and  to  all  students  of  mu- 
nicipal government  or  of  government  in  general, 
this  bibliography  will  be  of  real  usefulness,  and 
its  editor  and  publishers  should  be  awarded  the 
thanks  of  the  community.  R.  R.  B. 


UNITED  STATES.  54th  Congress,  ist  session, 
December  2,  iSgs-June  n,  1896.  Index  to 
the  subjects  of  the  documents  and  reports  and 
to  the  committees,  senators,  and  representa- 
tives presenting  them  [being  the  "consoli- 
dated index  "  provided  for  by  the  act  of  Jan- 
uary 12,  1895];  compiled  under  the  direction 
of  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  Wash., 
Gov.  Print.  Office,  1897.  236  p.  O. 
This  volume  is  the  "consolidated  index" 
provided  for  in  the  public  documents  act  of 
1895.  It  takes  the  place  of  the  six  multiplex 
and  multiplied  indexes,  one  of  which  was  to  be 
found,  under  previous  provisions  of  law,  in 
each  volume  of  all  octavo  congressional  docu- 
ments, whether  senate  executive,  miscellane- 
ous, or  committee  reports,  or  house  executive, 
miscellaneous,  or  committee  reports.  One  ef- 
fect of  this  complicated  system  was  to  greatly 
increase  the  cost,  and  another  was  to  make  ex- 
asperating delay,  in  all  congressional  issues. 
This  single  book  of  236  pages  combines  in  one 
index,  on  one  plan,  the  preceding  six  indexes 
and  alongside  the  set,  or  in  one  of  the  bound 
volumes  of  congressional  documents  of  the  54th 
Congress,  first  session,  is  vastly  more  conven- 
ient and  informing  at  a  small  fraction  of  the 
previous  expense.  In  itself  it  is  proof  of  the 
economy  practicable  in  an  improved  system  of 
government  publications  —  a  system  which  re- 
quires chiefly  the  passage  of  Mr.  Crandall's 
supplementary  bill  and  the  retention  of  Mr. 
Crandall  in  office  to  make  it  in  most  respects 
what  it  should  be.  This  index  is  an  index  sim- 
ply, and  it  does  not  take  the  place  of  the  catalog 
of  public  documents  (including  departmental  as 
well  as  congressional)  which  is  the  "compre- 
hensive index"  provided  for  in  the  act,  the 
initial  volume  of  which,  for  the  53d  Congress, 
was  welcomed  by  the  library  profession  last 
year.  The  index  covers  the  briefest  practica- 
ble reference  to  the  several  congressional  vol- 
umes and  parts  of  volumes,  entered  under 
subjects,  under  committee,  and  under  the  indi- 
vidual congressman  responsible  for  the  docu- 
ment. It  is,  of  course,  not  so  good  as  the 
catalog,  but  it  is  infinitely  better  than  the 
indexes  hitherto. 

Mr.  Crandall's  preface  of  four  pages,  like 
his  prefaces  generally,  is  most  interesting  read- 
ing, and  very  suggestive.  He  reports  that 
this  "  guide  post  "or  "indicator"  covers  1140 
senate  and  2290  house  committee  reports,  and 
315  senate  and  429  house  documents,  in  all 
4174  documents,  which  will  be  found  in  119 
volumes  — 15  of  senate  documents,  88  of  house 
documents,  6  of  senate  reports,  and  10  of 
house  reports,  these  divisions,  under  the  pres- 
ent law,  taking  the  place  of  the  six  complex  and 
useless  divisions  of  the  previous  system.  A 
schedule  of  volumes  showing  the  relations  and 
volume  numbering  of  the  set  is  appended.  The 
volume  is  another  proof  of  Mr.  Crandall's  pub- 
lic service.  R.  R.  B. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


271 


Cibrarn  Ceouomn  nub  ijietorn. 


GENERAL. 

The  Quarterly  Book  Review,  published  by 
Montgomery  Ward  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  begins 
its  first  volume  with  the  issue  for  April,  1897. 
It  is  proposed  to  devote  considerable  space  to 
library  matters  in  the  publication,  and  this  first 
number  has  several  articles  on  library  topics. 
Among  them  is  a  short  paper  on  "  Libraries  for 
the  farmer,"  by  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire,  and  a  review 
of  Mr.  Stevenson's  paper  on  "  Weeding  out 
fiction"  in  the  March  L.  }.,  by  George  lies. 
The  department  of  "library  notes"  is  largely 
composed  of  items  from  the  Denver  P.  L. 
"  Handbook,"  Public  Libraries,  and  the  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL.  The  price  of  the  Re-view  is 
25  c.  a  year. 

LOCAL. 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  On  April  12  a  resolution 
favorable  to  a  free  library  in  Atlantic  City  was 
adopted  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the  city  coun- 
cil. The  city  solicitor  is  to  arrange  the  means 
of  carrying  the  plan  into  effect.  This  action  is 
a  gratifying  result  of  the  joint  meeting  of  the 
New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania  library  clubs, 
held  in  Atlantic  City,  April  5-6,  with  a  view 
to  arousing  public  interest  in  the  matter  of  a 
free  library. 

Baltimore,  Enoch  Pratt  F,  L.  Hon.  James  A. 
Gary,  Postmaster-General,  was  recently  elect- 
ed president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the 
Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library,  to  succeed  Mr.  Pratt 
in  that  office.  Mr.  Gary  is  one  of  the  original 
trustees  appointed  by  Mr.  Pratt,  and  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  he  has  been  vice-president  of  the 
board.  He  had  long  been  one  of  Mr.  Pratt's 
most  intimate  friends,  and  in  his  will  the  latter 
appointed  him  executor  of  his  estate.  The  va- 
cancy caused  in  the  board  of  trustees  by  Mr. 
Pratt's  death  was  filled  at  a  recent  meeting  by 
the  election  of  President  Daniel  C.  Gilman,  of 
Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Boston  P.  L.  A  noteworthy  exhibition  of 
book-plates,  fine  bindings,  and  illustrations  re- 
lating to  industrial  art,  was  opened  to  the  pub- 
lie  in  the  Barton-Ticknor  room  of  the  library 
on  April  3.  The  bindings  shown  were  espe- 
cially interesting,  including  examples  of  the 
work  of  most  of  the  leading  foreign  and 
American  binders,  and  they  embraced  several 
private  loan  collections  as  well  as  the  library's 
own  treasures  in  that  line.  The  display  of 
books  and  illustrations  dealing  with  industrial 
art  was  intended  to  supplement  the  Arts  and 
Crafts  exhibition  held  in  Copley  Hall. 


(Ct.)  P.  L.  The  final  art  exhibi- 
tion of  the  season  was  opened  in  the  art  gal- 
lery of  the  library  building  on  April  24.  It  is 
an  amateur  exhibit  of  oils  and  water-colors, 
mostly  from  local  artists,  and  will  continue 
from  April  24  to  June  5. 

Brooklyn  (N.  K.)  P.  L.  A.  A  bill  in  the  in- 
terest of  the  association  was  introduced  into  the 
legislature  on  April  14  by  Assemblyman  Bren- 


nan;  it  provides  that  the  city  of  Brooklyn  shall 
raise  by  bond  $10,000  to  meet  the  expenses  of 
the  public  library  in  that  city  during  1897. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Union  for  Christian  WorkL. 
(30th  rpt.,  1896.)  Added  3623;  total  36.000. 
Issued,  home  use  188,837  (fict.  150,117),  an  in- 
crease of  over  20,000  over  the  previous  year; 
visitors  to  reading-room  "  over  20.000."  New 
registration  2344;  total  registration  20,859.  The 
receipts  for  the  year  were  $11,169.33,  and  the 
treasurer  reports  a  cash  balance  of  $1950.80 
and  a  reserve  endowment  fund  of  $2972.98. 

"  With  our  large  circulation,  all  books  but  12 
have  been  returntd  or  paid  for.  The  average 
cost  of  circulation,  all  expenses  included,  has 
been  less  than  three  cents  per  volunr.e  —  a  figure 
much  too  low,  as  we  have  to  economize  in  di- 
rections where  we  ought  to  be  more  liberal." 
During  the  year  49,957  books  were  repaired 
and  12,880  were  covered  at  the  library. 

Buffalo  (N,  Y.)  L.  (6ist  rpt.  —  year  ending 
Jan.  30,  '97.)  Added  4554;  total  84,773.  Is- 
sued, home  use  142,659  (fict.  .6067$,  juv.  fict. 
.1029  #);  lib.  use  45,642.  Receipts  (library  ac- 
count) $20,350.29;  expenses  $19,709.69. 

"  The  most  important  and  interesting  inci- 
dent of  the  year  was  the  opening  of  the  chil- 
dren's reading-room,  which  occurred  near  the 
end  of  June."  A  bright  and  interesting  report 
on  this  room  is  given  by  Miss  Fernald,  and  Mr. 
Larned  says  that  it  "  has  more  than  realized 
expectations  as  to  the  influence  exerted  from 
it."  This  influence,  Miss  Fernald  states,  is  in 
many  cases  very  marked  :  "  Rough  boys  have 
grown  orderly  and  listless  ones  have  begun 
to  read.  It  is  suggestive  to  note  the  difference 
between  our  youngest  children  and  their  older 
brothers  and  sisters.  The  little  ones  bring 
eager  interest  to  bear  on  every  picture,  and 
learn  quickly  to  take  care  of  the  books.  They 
surely  will  not  grow  up  to  that  mental  laziness 
which  characterizes  many  of  the  older  ones." 

The  printing  of  the  third  part  of  the  finding 
list  of  the  library  was  finished  in  the  summer, 
and,  in  view  of  the  free  opening  of  the  library, 
there  is  strong  need  of  new  editions  of  parts 
one  and  two. 

The  greater  part  of  the  report  is  devoted  to 
a  full  presentment  of  the  successive  steps  in 
the  reorganization  of  the  library  as  a  free  pub- 
lic institution,  supported  by  city  appropriation. 

Chelsea,  Mass.  Fits  P.  L.  (Rpt. —  year  end- 
ing Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  757;  total  15,522.  Is- 
sued, home  use  75, 377  (fict.  58.48$,  juv.  26.10  %, 
periodicals  2.14  %);  reading-room  use  7569;  Sun- 
day attendance  506.  New  registration  554  ; 
total  cards  in  use  3246. 

"  The  percentage  of  circulation  of  books  by 
this  library  exceeds  that  of  any  public  library 
in  the  state  except  Boston  proper." 

Chicago,  111.  On  March  25  ex-Governor  Alt- 
geld  issued  for  circulation  throughout  the  state 
a  letter  planning  the  establishment  of  an 
"  Economic  Circulating  Library,"  to  be  made 
up  "  of  the  latest  and  best  standard  books  upon 
the  financial  question,  and  on  such  economic 


272 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


questions  as  directly  affect  the  people."  It  is 
proposed  to  furnish  as  a  beginning  20  books, 
each  collection  to  be  under  control  of  a  local 
political  body,  and  in  charge  of  "  some  young 
person  "  who  should  keep  records  of  issue  and 
return,  and  report  once  a  month  to  the  head  li- 
brarian in  Chicago.  Each  collection,  it  is  es- 
timated, will  cost  $2,  and  subscriptions  to  the 
plan  are  asked  from  all  interested. 

Decatur  (III.)  F.  L.  On  May  I  the  library 
moved  into  its  new  quarters  on  the  fifth  floor 
of  the  Powers  block.  In  its  new  home,  which 
is  well  lighted  and  ventilated,  the  public  will 
have  the  use  of  two  study-rooms,  a  convenience 
greatly  needed  for  some  time.  The  library 
floor  is  reached  by  two  elevators,  and  will  be 
open  to  the  public  June  i. 

La  Porte  (/«</.)  City  P.  L.  The  opening  and 
dedication  of  the  library  in  its  new  building 
occurred  on  the  evening  of  April  23.  A  large 
audience  was  present,  and  the  exercises  in- 
cluded an  interesting  series  of  five-minute 
talks,  called  "  Library  echoes,"  by  six  speak- 
ers, among  them  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  editor  of 
Public  Libraries.  The  library  is  the  result  of 
the  action  taken  by  the  La  Porte  Library  Asso- 
ciation on  June  3,  1896,  when  it  was  voted  to 
turn  the  building  and  books  over  to  the  city. 
The  building  was  practically  rebuilt  at  a  cost 
of  about  $5500,  and  is  now  admirably  equipped 
for  its  work.  The  library  contains  about 
Sooo  v.  Miss  Jennie  B.  Jessup  is  librarian. 

Lisbon,  O.  Lepper  L.  A.  The  trustees  ol  the 
association  on  April  9  selected  the  site  for  the 
library  building.  In  addition  to  the  $10,000 
given  for  the  library  by  Miss  Virginia  Lepper, 
of  Cleveland,  $5000  has  been  contributed  by 
the  citizens  of  Lisbon. 

Lowell  (Mass.}  City  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  Added 
1573;  total  55.398;  lost  39.  Issued  146,616 
(fict.  .669  %),  of  which  18,111  were  for  ref.  use. 
New  registration  2054 ;  total  registration 
13,266.  Receipts  $18,811.52;  expenses  $17,- 
129.52. 

Several  interesting  and  successful  exhibi- 
tions of  photographs  and  plates  were  held  dur- 
ing the  year. 

Lynchburg,  Va.  On  petition  of  a  number  of 
citizens  of  Lynchburg  the  circuit  court  on  Feb. 
13  granted  a  charter  to  the  Lynchburg  Public 
Library.  The  library  is  for  the  white  people  of 
the  city. 

Minnesota,  lib.  legislation  in.  Besides  the  de- 
feated travelling  library  bill,  two  other  meas- 
ures regarding  libraries  were  brought  up  in  the 
state  legislature,  both  of  which  were  passed. 
These  were:  i,  a  bill  providing  that  a  constitu- 
tional amendment  be  submitted  at  the  next 
election,  giving  to  women  the  right  to  vote  for 
library  directors  and  to  hold  the  office  of  direc- 
tor, a  woman  thus  having  the  same  rights  in 
the  library  question  as  she  now  has  on  schools 
in  the  state;  2,  a  bill  authorizing  the  councils 
of  incorporated  cities  and  villages  to  submit  to 
vote  propositions  for  the  issue  of  bonds  to  con- 
struct library  buildings. 


New  York  F.  C.  L.  The  library  has  never 
had  so  much  new  work  on  hand  at  one  time  as 
at  present.  Early  in  May  the  Riverside  Li- 
brary, on  West  69th  street,  will  become  a 
branch  of  the  larger  institution,  with  increased 
facilities  and  a  fine  new  library-room.  A 
month  later  a  new  branch,  to  be  called  the 
Yorkville  branch,  will  be  opened  at  1523  Sec- 
ond avenue,  corner  of  7gth  street.  These  will 
be  respectively  the  eighth  and  ninth  branches 
of  the  library.  The  Muhlenberg  branch,  since 
its  removal  to  its  new  quarters  on  Sixth  avenue, 
opposite  O'Neill's  store,  has  nearly  doubled  its 
circulation.  The  Bloomingdale  branch  at 
looth  street  and  Amsterdam  avenue,  opened 
last  June,  now  circulates  10,000  books  a  month. 
A  travelling  library  department  has  been  es- 
tablished, to  have  entire  charge  of  the  work  of 
sending  books  in  boxes  to  schools,  clubs,  and 
other  centres  of  distribution.  Any  responsible 
person  can  obtain  the  privileges  of  this  depart- 
ment, which  has  temporary  quarters  at  the 
Bruce  branch,  226  West  42d  street.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  ultimately  this  department  will  re- 
quire separate  quarters  and  a  large  staff  of 
assistants.  The  two-book  system  has  been  ex- 
tended to  four  branches  and  will  shortly  be  in- 
troduced into  two  more.  The  two  newest 
branches,  mentioned  above,  will  be  operated 
on  the  open-shelf  system.  The  library  staff, 
which  now  includes  about  50  persons,  has  re- 
cently been  classified  on  civil-service  models, 
and  promotion  from  class  to  class  is  made  by 
examination. 

New  York  P.  L.  —  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
Foundations.  The  bill,  providing  for  the  con- 
struction of  a  public  building  in  Bryant  Park, 
New  York  City,  to  be  occupied  by  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
foundations,  which  passed  the  assembly  on 
March  24,  was  signed  by  Mayor  Strong  on 
April  14.  It  authorizes  the  controller  to  issue 
bonds  to  the  amount  of  $2,500,000,  for  the  erec- 
tion of  the  library  building. 

The  Lenox  Library  has  set  aside  a  special 
room  for  the  use  of  cyclists,  in  which  bicycle 
racks  are  arranged  so  that  wheelmen  and 
wheelwomen  are  able  to  lock  their  wheels  au- 
tomatically. When  they  desire  to  leave,  an 
attendant  will  release  the  wheels  from  the 
lock. 

New  York  Society  L.  At  the  annual  meeting 
of  shareholders  of  the  library,  held  on  April  27, 
it  was  announced  that  the  library  would  prob- 
ably remove  to  a  site  further  uptown  at  as 
early  a  date  as  practicable. 

New  York  State  L.  Owing  to  failure  of  the 
legislature  to  pass  the  sum  required  to  keep 
the  library  open  from  8  a.m.  to  10  p.m.,  as 
heretofore,  it  has  been  found  necessary  to  re- 
duce the  hours  of  opening  from  9  a.m.  to  5 
p.m.,  beginning  May  i. 

New  York  Univ.  Club  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing Feb.  28,  '97.)  Added  871  ;  total  13,737. 
The  report  is  chiefly  given  up  to  a  review  of 
the  important  gifts  and  purchases  of  the  year. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


273 


Northampton,  Mass.  Forbes  L.  On  April  26 
an  exhibition  of  reproductions  of  some  of  the 
Albertina  drawings,  together  with  colored 
plates  and  photogravures  illustrating  Greek 
sculpture  and  vases,  was  opened  in  the  Forbes 
Library.  The  Albertina  collection  comprised 
examples  of  Diirer,  Rembrandt,  and  Botticelli, 
and  is  a  part  of  the  series  of  reproductions, 
now  being  issued,  of  the  masterpieces  con- 
tained in  the  Albertina  library.  The  Greek 
plates  and  photogravures  were  recently  bought 
from  the  library  of  the  late  Dr.  Guttmann,  the 
New  York  archaeologist. 

Penn  Van  (N.  Y.)  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  Add- 
ed  375;  total  1775;  issued  8719.  Borrowers  724. 
Receipts  $631.54;  expenses  $428.99. 


Philadelphia.  Apprentices'  L.  The  library 
was  opened  to  the  public  in  its  new  home  on  the 
corner  of  Broad  and  Brandywine  streets  on 
April  8,  and  in  the  evening  a  largely  attended 
reception  was  held,  when  addresses  were  made 
by  Col.  A.  K.  McClure,  Robert  Ellis  Thomp- 
son, and  John  Wanamaker.  The  building  now 
occupied  by  the  library  was  formerly  owned  by 
the  Spring  Garden  Unitarian  Society,  from 
which  it  was  purchased  late  in  1896  for  f  50,000. 
It  has  been  so  remodelled  that  the  outside  alone 
resembles  the  structure  in  which  services  were 
held  for  more  than  30  years.  The  entrance  has 
been  changed  from  the  centre  to  the  southern 
end  of  the  Broad  street  front.  On  the  first 
floor  have  been  arranged  the  reading-rooms, 
where  the  daily  newspapers  and  the  current 
magazines  are  to  be  found.  The  main  library 
is  located  on  the  second  floor,  leading  to  which 
a  new  staircase  has  been  constructed.  This 
staircase  is  in  the  extreme  southern  end  of  the 
building.  The  books  are  in  entirely  new  cases, 
each  capable  of  holding  1200  v.  The  rear  of 
the  main  library  apartment  has  been  set  aside 
as  a  reference-room.  Thecharging-desk  occu- 
pies the  centre  of  the  floor  there.  The  only  art 
ornamentation  in,  this  room  is  a  bust  of  Benja- 
min Franklin. 

The  library,  which  has  just  completed  its 
7&th  year,  had  occupied  its  former  quarters  at 
Fifth  and  Arch  streets  for  56  years.  There 
over  100,000  persons-  had  registered  their 
names,  and  books  were  issued  to  more  than 
half  a  million  readers.  The  purchase  of  the  new 
property,  the  cost  of  alteration  and  of  removing 
the  books,  exhausted  the  funds  available  for 
that  purpose,  and  it  was  found  necessary  to 
raise  a  large  sum  by  mortgage.  The  manage- 
ment has  appealed  to  the  friends  of  the  library 
to  assist  in  clearing  it  of  this  indebtedness  and 
to  provide  means  by  which  the  scope  of  the  li- 
brary may  be  widely  extended. 

Providence  (R.  /.)  P.  L.  The  new  building 
designed  for  the  Providence  Public  Library  is 
described  by  Franklin  Clarkin  under  the  head- 
ing "  Latest  public  library  development,"  in 
Harper  s  Weekly  of  April  10;  it  is  illustrated  by 
a  view  of  the  building,  which  is  already  famil- 
iar to  readers  of  the  JOURNAL. 

Quinty  (///.)  P.  L.  On  April  13  the  library 
received  from  Mrs.  A.  C.  Buckley,  of  Qulncy, 


a  gift  of  1500  v.  of  books  in  the  German  lan- 
guage. This  addition  brings  the  total  volumes 
in  the  library  up  to  21,378. 

Quittcy,  Mass.  Thomas  Crane  P.  L.  (26th 
rpt.,  1896.)  Added  1800;  total  not  given.  Is- 
sued 72,345  (net.  35  %,  juv.  fict.  21.6  %,  periodi- 
cals 24.2^).  New  registration  713;  total  regis- 
tration 13,700. 

The  circulation  has  increased  about  2000  dur- 
ing the  year,  and  of  the  72,345  v.  issued  3823 
were  delivered  to  the  schools. 

heading  (Pa.)  L.  An  important  public  meet- 
ing was  held  at  Reading  on  Friday,  April  9, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  High  School  Alumni 
Association.  It  was  to  develop  the  movement 
in  Reading  for  the  establishment  of  a  free  li- 
brary, and  fortunately  the  nucleus  of  such  a 
library  is  already  existing.  The  Reading  Li- 
brary has  a  coriection  of  5000  v.,  and  an  enthu- 
siastic helper  in  Mr.  Durham,  who  acts  as  hon- 
orary librarian.  The  building  could  be  made 
a  most  admirable  free  library,  and  assurances 
have  been  given  by  the  mayor  and  others  of 
their  cordial  sympathy.  The  Reading  Medical 
Association  have  also  offered  to  turn  over  to 
the  free  library,  when  established,  their  grow- 
ing collection  of  books  if  a  special  alcove  can 
be  provided,  with  a  promise  that  their  funds 
shall  be  devoted  to  the  increase  of  the  works 
relating  to  the  medical  profession. 

Over  100  citizens  attended  the  meeting,  and 
addresses  in  answer  to  the  question,  "Should 
Reading  have  a  free  public  library?"  were 
given  to  an  interested  audience.  The  first 
speaker  was  Mr.  John  Thomson,  of  the  Free  Li- 
brary of  Philadelphia,  who  argued  that  if  a 
state  was  bound  to  provide  schools,  hospitals, 
and  asylums,  the  municipal  authorities  of 
every  city  and  town  were  bound  to  co-operate 
with  the  state  in  providing  what  would  best 
produce  a  sound  mind  in  a  sound  body.  He 
illustrated  how  a  big  library  could  be  developed 
from  small  means  by  the  history  of  the  estab- 
lishment and  growth  of  the  Free  Library  of 
Philadelphia,  and  gave  from  the  last  report  of 
that  library  such  statistics  as  proved  how  much 
could  be  done  even  though  the  beginnings 
might  be  small. 

The  other  speakers  followed  in  a  most  cor- 
dial spirit.  Dr.  Henry  Landis,  president  of 
the  Reading  Medical  Association,  gave  the 
best  proof  of  his  cordial  desire  to  help  by  pro- 
posing to  amalgamate  the  Medical  Library  with 
the  desired  Reading  Free  Library.  Mr.  William 
McCormick,  editor  of  the  Reading  Herald. 
urged  that  it  was  futile  to  complain  of  boys  and 
girls  reading  dime  novels  and  Bertha  M.  Clay 
if  parents  and  guardians  contented  themsclvrs 
with  reproaching  them  with  the  subject-matter 
of  their  reading  but  at  the  same  time  provided 
nothing  better  by  way  of  substitution.  The 
last  speaker  was  Mr.  Robert  P.  Schick,  a 
member  of  the  bar  and  ex-president  of  the 
alumni  association.  He  showed  how  under  ic- 
cent  Pennsylvania  legislation  even  by  such  a 
small  sum  as  one-quarter  of  a  mill  on  the  taxa- 
ble property  of  the  city  the  sum  of  $9000  a  year 
could  be  raised  for  a  free  library.  He  added 


274 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{.May,  '97 


that  this  power  was  conferred  upon  the  authori- 
ties of  the  school  boards,  and  that  he  refused 
to  believe  that  any  person  who  was  properly 
approached  would  hesitate  for  one  second  to 
accede  to  the  payment  of  25  cents  on  $1000  of 
taxable  property  for  the  establishment  of  a  li- 
brary, when  the  persons  who  were  familiar 
with  the  subject  must  know  that  hardly  any 
other  expenditure  of  taxes  could  be  quoted  b'y 
which  so  much  permanent  good  could  be 
achieved,  and  none  in  which  so  much  could  be 
accomplished  at  so  small  a  rate. 

Utica  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  The  library's  set  of  city 
charters  was  completed  on  April  15  in  a  rather 
remarkable  manner.  The  charter  of  1856  had 
long  been  needed  to  complete  the  series,  but  no 
special  effort  to  secure  it  had  been  made,  as  it 
was  thought  that  it  would  eventually  be  found 
among  some  gift  of  public  or  municipal  docu- 
ments. This  belief  has  now  been  fulfilled  in  an 
unexpected  way.  In  an  ash-barrel  in  the  rear 
of  the  local  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building  one  of  the  li- 
brary readers  saw  a  number  of  books  and  pam- 
phlets dumped  in  promiscuously  with  other 
rubbish.  With  the  instinct  of  the  true  book- 
lover  he  picked  out  the  volumes,  brushed  off 
the  dirt  and  examined  them.  They  were  old 
city  and  state  reports,  of  no  apparent  interest 
or  use,  but  the  finder  pried  around  in  the  bar- 
rel, accumulated  an  armful  of  the  books,  and 
carried  them  to  the  library,  where  they  were  re- 
ceived by  the  librarian,  who  at  once  despatched 
a  boy  to  the  ash-barrel  to  bring  in  any  remain- 
ing books.  Those  that  were  not  damaged  by 
rain  and  abuse  were  put  aside  for  examination, 
and  one  of  the  first  taken  up  proved  to  be  a 
copy  of  the  city  charter  of  1856,  in  good  con- 
dition. In  all  about  40  volumes  were  rescued, 
28  of  which  were  found  useful  to  fill  gaps  in 
the  library's  series;  they  included  reports  of 
the  adjutant-general,  the  railroad  commission, 
military  codes,  etc.  The  ash-barrel  episode 
was  given  considerable  space  in  the  local  pa- 
pers, and  Miss  Underbill  writes  that  it  has 
already  served  to  bring  the  library  ^several 
small  gifts  of  magazines  and  odd  volumes. 

Walla  Walla,  Wash.  On  April  20  the  city 
council  passed  a  resolution  to  establish  a  free 
circulating  library  in  the  city. 

Washington,  D,  C.  U.  S.  Congressional  L. 
The  trial  of  Philip  McElhone,  who  is  charged, 
together  with  Lewis  McK.  Turner,  with  steal- 
ing valuable  historical  documents  from  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress,  as  already  noted  in  these 
columns  (L.  j.,  March,  p.  160),  was  begun  on 
April  23.  It  was  decided  that  both  men  should 
be  tried  separately  and  that  Turner's  trial 
should  be  deferred  until  after  McElhone's. 
The  most  important  development  in  the  trial 
came  on  April  27,  when  Turner  turned  state's 
evidence  and  confessed  that  he  and  McElhone 
had  made  arrangements  to  procure  and  dispose 
of  the  documents.  Objection  was  made  to  the 
evidence  on  the  ground  that  Turner  was  a 
co-defendant,  but  it  was  admitted  and  Turner 
gave  elaborate  details  of  the  methods  pursued. 
McElhone  was  found  guilty  on  April  30,  when 


notice  of  a  motion  for  a  new  trial  was  given  ; 
he  was  released  on  $ 3000  bond. 

Weymoutli,  Mass.  Tufts  L.  (iSth  rpt., 
1896.)  Added  894;  total  17,874.  Issued,  home 
use  68,627  (fict.  69  %,  periodicals  7.10  %),  of 
which  35,215  were  issued  through  the  five  de- 
livery stations.  Receipts  $3422.27;  expens*s 
$3419.97. 

A  new  registration  of  borrowers  was  begun 
April  15,  and  2147  names  were  recorded  at  the 
end  of  the  year. 

Worcester  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  (37th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Nov.  30,  '96.)  Added  5061  ;  total  108,- 
489.  Issued,  home  use  192,559  (on  teachers' 
cards  14,666,  on  school  cards  19,261)  ;  ref.  use 
90,099 ;  Sunday  use  2260 ;  holiday  use  764. 
New  registration  2634  ;  total  registration  22,- 
783.  Receipts  $38,559.10;  expenses  $32,- 
065.75- 

"During  the  40  weeks  of  the  school  year 
(five  days  to  a  week)  1714  volumes  of  books 
belonging  to  the  library  were  in  use,  on  the 
average,  daily,  by  the  teachers  and  scholars 
under  the  immediate  supervision  of  teachers." 


QMfts  anb  Ucqnests. 


Ansonia  (Ct.)  P.  L.  The  nucleus  of  an  en- 
dowment fund  for  the  library  was  created  on 
March  30,  when  a  check  for  $1000  was  received 
from  Miss  Olivia  E.  P.  Stokes,  of  New  York, 
the  only  condition  being  that  the  sum  should  be 
invested  in  such  securities  as  are  provided  by 
the  state  law  for  trust  funds. 

Milwaukee  (Wis.)P.  L.  On  April  20  the  li- 
brary received  from  August  Uihlein,  of  Mil- 
waukee, a  check  for  $5000,  to  be  devoted  to  the 
purchase  of  desirable  books.  The  gift,  which 
was  wholly  unexpected  and  entirely  informal, 
was  made  by  Mr.  Uihlein  as  a  token  of  his 
interest  in  and  appreciation  of  the  library,  and 
also  in  honor  of  the  25th  anniversary  of  his 
wedding. 

Philadelphia.  By  the  will  of  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Schaffer.of  Philadelphia,  admitted  to  probate  on 
April  7,  the  sum  of  $5000  was  bequeathed  to 
the  Philadelphia  Library  Co.,  and  $10,000  was 
left  to  the  Mercantile  Library  of  Philadelphia. 

Tomahawk,  Wis.  W.  A.  Bradley,  of  Toma- 
hawk, has  made  arrangements  to  establish  a 
small  free  library  in  the  town  where  he  resides 
in  northern  Wisconsin.  The  books  of  this  li- 
brary will  serve  as  a  source  of  supply  for  a  few 
free  travelling  libraries  which  will  be  sent  to 
neighboring  hamlets.  Unlike  most  travelling 
libraries,  these  will  not  be  formed  from  books 
set  aside  and  kept  apart  from  other  books  for 
that  purpose.  When  the  people  of  a  neigh- 
boring settlement  wish  a  library  the  books  for 
one  will  be  selected  especially  for  them.  Mr. 
Bradley  will  also  subscribe  for  some  magazines 
and  children's  periodicals,  which  will  be  sent 
directly  to  the  travelling  library  stations  and 
will  circulate  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
books. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


275 


librarians. 


BOLTON,  Charles  Knowles,  librarian  of  the 
Brookline  Public  Library,  has  just  published 
"  Brookline:  the  history  of  a  favored  town,"  in 
which  he  tells  the  story  of  the  Boston  suburb 
from  its  earliest  times  to  the  present  day.  Mr. 
Bolton  has  been  actively  interested  in  the  col- 
lection and  preservation  of  materials  of  local 
history  throughout  his  connection  with  the 
Brookline  library,  and  the  present  volume 
shows  the  good  use  to  which  he  has  put  this  in- 
terest. 

COLLINS,  D.  Lansing,  has  been  appointed 
reference  librarian  of  Princeton  University 
Library. 

CUTLER,  Miss  Mary  S.  The  engagement  is 
announced  of  Miss  Mary  Salome  Cutler,  vice- 
director  of  the  New  York  State  Library  School, 
to  Rev.  Edwin  Milton  Fairchild,  of  the  Educa- 
tional Church  Board  of  Albany.  It  is  pleasant 
to  add  that  Miss  Cutler  will  continue  her  work 
with  the  New  York  State  Library  School,  and 
that  her  adoption  of  the  profession  of  matri- 
mony —  which  seems  recently  to  have  become 
widely  popular  in  the  A.  L.  A.  —  does  notmean 
her  retirement  from  the  library  ranks. 

DOOLITTLE,  Miss  Mary  J.,  for  to  years  li- 
brarian of  the  Williams  Free  Library  ®f  Beaver 
Dam,  Wis.,  died  at  her  home  in  Beaver  Dam 
on  Friday,  April  2.  The  Williams  library, 
with  which  she  was  so  long  associated  and  to 
which  she  gave  an  enthusiastic  and  unselfish 
devotion,  has  been  long  known  in  Wisconsin 
and  to  library  people  outside  that  state  as  the 
"  model  library,"  and  was  described  in  the 
Wisconsin  Supplement  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 
April,  1896  (21  :  182).  Miss  Doolittle's  work 
in  the  library  was  always  to  her  a  labor  of 
love,  and  its  growth  and  usefulness  were  at 
once  her  strongest  ambition  and  her  greatest 
pride.  One  who  knew  her  work  says:  "  She 
was  tenderly  loved  by  all  the  children  of  her 
home  town,  and  she  watched  the  reading  of 
each  one  with  an  almost  maternal  solicitude. 
She  had  the  tact  to  win  and  hold  their  confi- 
dence and  to  lead  them  gradually  from  fair  and 
good  books  to  the  best.  She  trained  them  to 
delight  in  unsoiled  pages  and  the  triumphs  of 
the  bookmaker's  art,  and  the  beautiful  new  vol- 
umes of  recent  purchases  would  come  back  to 
her  for  months  with  the  covers  and  leaves 
scarcely  sullied.  Her  library  was  a  home  for 
all  its  patrons,  and  the  boys  and  girls  came  to 
it  as  the  book-loving  child  to  its  own  library." 
She  continued  her  work  at  the  library  until 
within  a  few  weeks  of  her  death.  "  Her  love 
for  it,"  writes  a  friend  in  one  of  the  local  pa- 
pers, "  had  become  a  passion;  her  plans  and 
her  ambitions  were  all  for  it,  and  we  can  easily 
believe  that  when  the  conviction  came  upon 
her  that  her  life  was  in  peril,  the  thought  that 
her  work  at  the  library  must  end  while  still  so 
unfinished  was  among  those  which  gave  her 
the  sharpest  pangs  of  sorrow.  Very  hardly 
she  gave  up  the  task.  About  five  weeks  since 
she  accepted  a  vacation,  to  see  if  rest  and  medi- 


cal treatment  in  another  city  would  not  benefit 
her  fast-failing  health.  With  one  pathetic  lit- 
tle excuse  or  another  ehe  prolonged  the  days 
before  going;  and  at  last,  when  nothing  more 
availed,  she  looked  about  on  the  familiar  sur- 
roundings and  said,  '  I  will  not  say  good-by'; 
and  yet  there  was  that  in  her  eyes  which  said 
'  perhaps  it  may  be  good-by.'  "  The  intention  to 
seek  rest  and  change  elsewhere  was  not  real- 
ized, for  with  the  cessation  of  work  came  a 
quick  decline  of  health,  and  it  was  found  im- 
possible to  carry  out  the  plan.  Miss  Doolittle 
had  been  a  member  of  the  A.  L.  A.  since  1894, 
and  was  present  at  the  Cleveland  conference; 
she  was  also  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  Li- 
brary Association,  and  was  much  interested  in 
library  development  in  that  state. 

HASSE,  Miss  Adelaide  R.,  on  May  8  resigned 
her  post  as  librarian  of  the  Office  of  Superin- 
tendent of  Documents,  Washington,  to  accept 
a  position  in  the  New  York  Public  Library  — 
Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden  Foundations. 

HILL,  Miss  Gertrude  P.,  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Library  School,  class  of  "95,  has  been  appointed 
to  a  position  in  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
Astor  building. 

LARNED,  Josephus  Nelson,  for  over  20  years 
superintendent  of  the  Buffalo  Library,  has  re- 
signed his  office,  the  resignation  to  take  effect 
the  last  of  June.  To  those  who  know,  as  do  all 
members  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  how  intimately  Mr. 
Lamed  has  been  associated  with  the  library  in- 
terests of  Buffalo,  and  how  effective  his  influence 
has  been  in  the  reorganization  of  the  library  as  a 
free  circulating  library,  the  news  of  his  resigna- 
tion comes  as  a  matter  of  deep  regret.  Mr. 
Larned's  decision  is  the  result  of  circumstan- 
ces that  have  been  shaping  themselves  since 
the  reorganization  of  the  government  of  the 
library  as  a  municipal  institution,  and  which 
tended  to  restrict  the  freedom  of  action  hither- 
to enjoyed  by  the  superintendent.  There 
is  no  question  of  politics  in  the  matter,  but  Mr. 
Lamed  has  not  thought  it  best  to  accept  the 
management  of  the  library  under  these  newcon- 
ditions.  It  is  not  easy  to  give,  in  a  few  words, 
an  outline  of  the  influence  of  Mr.  Larned's  per- 
sonal work  and  words,  not  only  in  his  own  city, 
but  on  the  library  profession  as  a  whole.  Those 
who  in  recent  years  have  heard  or  read  his  sev- 
eral library  addresses  know  in  part  the  high 
ideals,  the  broad  scholarship,  the  catholicity  of 
spirit  that  have  animated  his  work  —  a  work 
that  has  lain  always  along  the  broad  lines  of 
educational  upliftment  rather  than  in  the  routine 
of  technical  detail.  His  address  as  president  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  in  1894  was  a  presentation  of  the 
mission  of  thelibrary  in  modern  life  that  brought 
help  and  inspiration  to  all  who  were  privileged 
to  hear  it,  and  its  sequel,  at  the  Cleveland  meet- 
ing in  1896,  bore  the  same  uplifting  message. 
These,  with  the  addresses  delivered  to  library 
schools  and  associations,  have  borne  fruit  many 
fold  in  awakening  in  many  a  deeper  realiza- 
tion of  what  the  library  may  be  in  our  common 
life,  and  in  arousing  an  earnest  enthusiasm  for 
the  highest  and  best  educational  work.  Mr. 
Lamed  has  been  a  member  of  the  A.  L.  A. 


276 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{May,  '97 


since  1879,  and  was  elected  president  in  1893  ; 
he  has  also  been  intimately  associated  with 
the  development  of  the  New  York  State  Li- 
brary Association.  His  connection  with  the 
Buffalo  Library  covers  the  history  of  that  insti- 
tution through  three  successive  phases  :  as  the 
Young  Men's  Library  until  1886,  as  the  Buffalo 
Library  until  1897,  and  as  the  Buffalo  Public 
Library  in  the  spring  of  the  present  year.  The 
library  building,  opened  in  January,  1887,  was 
planned  by  Mr.  Larned,  and  he  has  worked  for 
years  to  make  the  library  an  essential  factor  in 
the  life  of  the  city.  Its  reorganization  as  a  free 
circulating  library  is  largely  the  result  and  ful- 
filment of  this  labor,  and  his  retirement  at  this 
time  is  as  serious  a  loss  to  the  city  as  it  is  to  the 
library.  Of  Mr.  Larned's  work  in  Buffalo  the 
Buffalo  Courier  says:  "  He  has  been  in  a  high 
sense  a  public  benefactor.  For  years  he  has 
labored  patiently,  untiringly,  modestly,  and  the 
measure  of  his  influence  who  can  know  ?  That 
it  has  been  large  and  noble  and  beneficent  who 
doubts  ?  And  who  has  not  admiration  for  his 
long  record  of  usefulness  in  the  educational 
uplifting  of  the  community?"  No  statement 
of  Mr.  Larned's  future  plans  has  been  made, 
though  it  is  possible  that  they  may  tend  in  the 
direction  of  literature  —  a  field  in  which  his 
magnum  opus  "History  for  ready  reference" 
has  already  won  him  a  sincere  welcome. 

McCABE,  Edward  D.,  was  on  April  20  elected 
state  librarian  of  California,  succeeding  Dr.  W. 
P.  Matthews,  resigned.  Mr.  McCabe,  who  is  a 
lawyer,  was  private  secretary  to  Governor  Budd 
previous  to  his  appointment  as  librarian. 

MATTHEWS.  Dr.  W.  P.,  who  succeeded  the 
late  W.  D.  Perkins  as  state  librarian  of  Cali- 
fornia (see  L.  j.,  Jan.,  p.  53),  presented  his  resig- 
nation to  the  trustees  of  the  state  library  on 
April  3.  Dr.  Matthews  has  since  accepted  the 
appointment  of  secretary  of  the  state  board  of 
health. 

MORGAN,  Junius  S.,  a  member  of  the  well- 
known  banking  firm  of  Cuyler,  Morgan  &  Co., 
of  New  York  City,  has  accepted  the  position  of 
associate  librarian  of  Princeton  University  li- 
brary. Mr.  Morgan  has  always  been  deeply 
interested  in  the  development  of  the  library, 
and  in  December,  1896,  presented  to  it  his  fine 
collection  of  early  editions  of  Virgil,  valued  at 
$50,000.  He  will  arrange  his  banking  business 
so  as  to  permit  him  to  give  most  of  his  time  to  the 
library,  though  maintaining  his  relations  with 
the  firm  of  Cuyler,  Morgan  &  Co.,  and  will  live 
in  Princeton. 

NELSON,  Miss  Sarah  C.,  who  has  been  cata- 
loger  at  the  Blackstone  Library,  Branford,  Ct., 
for  the  past  two  years,  has  accepted  a  position 
on  the  cataloging  force  of  the  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library,  Astor  building. 

PLUMMER,  Miss  Mary  W.  Owing  to  illness 
in  her  family,  Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer,  director 
of  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  has  been 
granted  leave  of  absence  for  a  year,  from 
July  i,  the  year  to  be  spent  at  her  home  near 
Chicago.  Miss  Mary  L.  Davis,  of  the  library 
staff,  has  been  appointed  acting  librarian. 


SAUNDERS,  Frederick,  librarian  emeritus  of 
the  Astor  Library,  has  in  the  Critic  for  April 
17  a  sheaf  of  "  Recollections  of  a  retired  li- 
brarian," in  which  he  touches  lightly  upon 
some  of  the  noteworthy  and  interesting  memo- 
ries connected  with  his  work  in  the  Astor  Li- 
brary. 

STEARNS,  Miss  L.  E.,  has  resigned  her  posi- 
tion as  superintendent  of  the  circulating  de- 
partment of  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library,  to 
accept  the  position  of  librarian  of  the  reorgan- 
ized Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission.  She 
will  now  give  her  time  and  energy  fully  to  the 
advancement  of  library  interests  in  Wisconsin 
—  a  cause  in  which  she  has  been  one  of  the 
most  devoted  and  enthusiastic  of  workers  from 
the  beginning.  The  excellence  of  the  work 
done  with  the  children  by  Miss  Stearns  at  the 
Milwaukee  Public  Library,  and  the  wide  effec- 
tiveness of  her  example,  which  has  bee'n  felt  in 
libraries  all  over  the  country,  have  long  been 
recognized  and  appreciated  by  her  hosts  of 
friends  in  the  A.  L.  A.,  and  in  library  circles 
generally,  and  it  will  be  a  matter  of  regret  to 
many  that  her  connection  with  the  Milwaukee 
library  has  been  severed.  But  the  Wisconsin 
library  commission,  strengthened  and  broad- 
ened as  it  has  been  by  recent  legislation,  offers 
a  wide  field  for  the  best  library  missionary 
effort,  and  to  her  new  position  Miss  Stearns 
brings  a  fund  of  practical  knowledge,  an  en- 
thusiastic energy,  and  an  earnest  devotion  that 
will  count  for  much  in  the  library  development 
of  the  state.  With  two  such  workers  as  Mr. 
Hutchins  and  Miss  Stearns  enlisted  wholly  in 
its  behalf,  the  library  movement  in  Wisconsin 
promises  to  be  soon  no  longer  a  "  movement," 
but  a  tidal  wave.  It  is  pleasant  to  add  that 
Miss  Stearns  has  recovered  from  her  recent 
serious  illness,  and  will  enter  upon  her  new 
duties  as  soon  as  her  successor  is  appointed 
at  the  Milwaukee  Public  Library. 

Cataloging  ana  Classification. 

BROOKLINE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Catalogue  of  his- 
torical fiction.  Brookline,  1897.  42  p.  nar.  S. 
Classed  chronologically,  under  countries,  with 

brief  descriptive  annotations. 

The  CHICAGO  UNIVERSITY  Record,  in  its  issue 
of  April  23,  contains  an  eight-page  double- 
column  list  of  the  current  periodicals  received 
by  the  university  in  all  its  departments,  com- 
piled by  Mrs.  Zella  Allen  Dixson. 

CLEVELAND  (O.)  P.  L.  Special  reading  lists: 
school  holiday  series,  no.  5.  Memorial  day: 
selections  suitable  for  its  observance,  as  pub- 
lished in  the  Cumulative  index;  compiled  by 
Margaret  Pierce.  12  p.  T. 

COFFIN,  Helen  L.     An  introduction  to  the  chil- 
dren's stories  in  the  Aurora  Public  Library. 
Aurora,  111.,  1897.     38  p.  O. 
As  this  list  is  "  dedicated  to  the  mothers  and 

teachers  of  Aurora,"  it  may  be  presumed  that 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


277 


is  meant  as  a  manual  to  point  out  desirable 
reading  for  children  and  to  warn  against  that 
which  is  unwholesome,  and  that  it  is  not  in- 
tended to  be  used  by  the  children  themselves. 
The  aim  is  praiseworthy,  but  it  has  been  in- 
competently carried  out,  and  the  result  is  a 
pretentious  and  inaccurate  list  possessing  little 
critical  value.  It  includes  only  the  "  J  "  books 
in  the  latest  finding  list  of  the  library,  and  its 
purpose  is  "  to  consider  the  stories  critically, 
as  to  their  wholesomeness,  interest,  and  litera- 
ry merit."  The  books  are  classed  in  the  follow- 
ing divisions  :  Children's  classics,  Simple  sto- 
ries, Stories  of  fancy,  School  stories,  Stories  of 
adventure,  Indian  stories,  Stories  founded  on 
the  masterpieces  of  literature,  Descriptive  sto- 
ries, Stories  founded  on  history  and  biography, 
Sports,  Bibliography  of  books  and  articles  on 
children's  books  (18  titles).  This  classification 
is  confusing  and  arbitrary,  books  on  the  same 
subject  appearing  indiscriminately  in  widely 
separate  divisions.  The  notes  also  lack  uni- 
formity of  style.  Adams,  Alger,  Fosdick,  the 
"  Elsie  books,"  and  their  ilk,  are  strongly  con- 
demned, but  these,  nevertheless,  occupy  the 
greater  part  of  the  list  —  rather  a  puzzling  piece 
of  inconsistency.  If  it  is  thought  that  these 
books  are  "pernicious"  or  "to  be  kept  from 
boys  at  almost  any  cost,"  the  wiser  plan  would 
seem  to  be  to  simply  state  this  condemnation 
opposite  the  author's  name  and  to  refrain  from 
listing  the  objectionable  books  in  full.  The 
term  "classic"  is  used  with  considerable  loose- 
ness, and  many  of  the  critical  dicta  are  rather 
astonishing.  The  pronouncement  that  "Treas- 
ure Island  "  is  "  not  one  of  the  best  books  for 
boys,"  and  the  characterization  of  "Alice's  ad- 
ventures "  as  "  weird,  upside-down  stories  "  are 
remarkable  specimens  of  annotation.  Many 
books  have  no  annotation  at  all,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  tell  why  such  discrimination  has 
been  made.  Technically  the  list  is  faulty  in 
many  ways.  Authors'  names  are  given  at  ran- 
dom with  initials  or  by  surname  only;  the  mode 
of  entering  pseudonyms  is  various;  and  it  will 
be  news  to  many  catalogers  that  A.  G.  Plymp- 
ton  is  the  author'  of  the  "  Miss  Toosey  "  books. 
Finally  the  proof-reading  is  careless,  and  in 
several  cases  annotations  have  been  misplaced 
so  as  to  refer  to  the  wrong  book,  i.e.,  Verne's 
"  Michael  Strogoff  "  is  described  as  relating  to 
a  "  wreck  in  the  Pacific." 

CONCORD  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.     Bulletin,  no.  17: 

1894,  1895,  1896.  Concord,  1897.  42  p.  1.  O. 
DETROIT  (Mich.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  no.  8,  of  books 

added  to  the  Public  Library  in  1896.    Detroit, 

1897.     182  p.  O. 

Appended  is  a  short  list  of  books  for  the 
blind  (2  p.). 

ENOCH  PRATT  F.  L.,  Baltimore.  [Quarterly] 
Bulletin,  v.  3,  no.  i.  April  r,  1897.  28  p. 
O. 

Besides  the  usual  classed  list  of  accessions 
there  is  a  list  of  works  in  Greek  and  Latin;  all 
but  one  of  the  titles  included  are  volumes  of  the 
well-known  "  Bibliotheca  Teubneriana." 


The  FITCHBURG  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
March  contains  a  special  reference  list  on 
Charles  Dickens. 

The  JERSEY  CITY  (N.  /.)  P.  L.  Record  for 
April  15  contains,  in  its  list  of  accessions  dur- 
ing March,  a  two-column  list  of  the  books  for 
the  blind  recently  added  to  the  library;  there 
is  also  a  short  special  list  on  Turkey,  Greece, 
and  Crete. 

The  LOWELL  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  Bulletin  for 
April  contains  reference  list  no.  5  on  Elec- 
tricity. 

The  NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
March  contains  reference  lists  nos.  20  and  21 
on  Natural  science  and  Greece  and  Crete. 

The  NEW  YORK  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  March  has 
a  first  instalment  of  a  list  of  "  periodicals  relat- 
ing to  astronomy  in  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary and  Columbia  University  Library,"  cover- 
ing A-L.  There  is  also  a  list  of  publications 
in  the  library  relating  to  the  Stamp-act  con- 
gress of  1765,  from  the  Emmet  collection. 

The  OSTERHOUT  F.  L.  (Wilkcsbarre,  Pa.) 
Bulletin  contains  in  its  April  issue  no.  5  of  the 
reading  lists  in  English  history,  covering  the 
Tudor  period,  1485  -  1603  ;  there  is  also  a  short 
reference  list  on  the  Cretan  rebellion. 

The  PATERSON  (N.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
Feb. -March  has  reference  lists  on  Schubert, 
Schumann,  Mendelssohn,  Chopin,  Grieg,  and 
Wagner. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  April 
has  a  full  reading  list  on  Gen.  Grant,  and 
briefer  lists  on  Spring  and  Horseless  car- 
riages. 

The  ST.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.  Magazine,  in  its 
new,  attractive,  and  enlarged  form,  begins  its 
career  with  the  April  number.  The  first  place 
is  given  to  an  interesting  and  fully  illustrated 
account  of  the  library,  which  is  followed  by  a 
variety  of  literary  news  and  gossip,  short  re- 
views, etc.,  with  portraits,  and  a  23-page 
classed  and  annotated  list  of  accessions  to  the 
library  during  January  and  February. 

The  SOMERVILLE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
April  has  a  short  special  reading  list  on  Wash- 
ington Irving. 

The  SPRINGFIELD  (Mass.)L.  Bulletin  for  April 
has  a  brief  "  selected  list  of  books  "  in  botany. 

The  WALTHAM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
April  has  a  reference  list  on  Ciete  and  Greece. 

FULL    NAMES. 
SufplitJ  by  Harvard  Calltgi  Library. 

Benjamin,  C:  H:  (Notes  on  mechanical  labo- 
ratory practice); 

Corsa,  W:  Pinckr.ey,  editor  (Nut  culture  in 
the  United  States); 

Foley,  Patrick  Kevin  (American  authors 
1795-1895); 

Hawley,  J:  Gardner,  joint  author  (The  crimi- 
nal law). 


278 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


Uibliogrrtfn. 


ANTI-PEDOBAPTISM.  Newman,  Albert  H:  A 
history  of  Anti-pedobaptism  to  A.n.  1609. 
Phil.,  Am.  Bapt.  Pub.  Soc.,  1897.  11+414  p. 

O.  $2. 

Contains  a  12-page  bibliography  annotated 
in  part. 

BRITTANY.  S6billot,  Paul.  Bibliographic  des 
traditions  populaires  de  la  Bretagne.  (In 
Revue  de  Brttagne,  de  Vendde  et  d'Anjou, 
no.  13.  1894.) 

COLOR-PHOTOGRAPHY.      Bolas,    T:     Contribu- 
tions toward  the  bibliography  of  photogra- 
phy in  colors.     (/«  Journal  of  the  Society  of 
Arts,  Ap.  23.     45  :  53I-54O.) 
Annotated    and     arranged   chronologically, 

from  1810  to  1897. 

DANTE.  The  15th  (1896)  report  of  the  Dante 
Society  (Boston,  Ginn  &  Co.)  is  almost. wholly 
devoted  to  a  valuable  and  interesting  mono- 
graph on  "  Dante  in  America:  a  historical  and 
bibliographical  study,"  by  Theodore  W.  Koch. 
The  bibliography  appended  to  Mr.  Koch's  pa- 
per covers  68  pages  and  is  arranged  chrono- 
logically, embracing  publications  from  1807  to 
1896;  the  entries  are  annotated  and  the  chief 
libraries  possessing  the  books  are  indicated. 

DOMESTIC  SERVICE.     Salmon,   Lucy   Maynard. 
Domestic  service.     N.  Y.,  Macmillan,   1897. 
14  +  307  p.  8°,  $2. 
Contains  a  five-page  bibliography. 

EDUCATION.  In  the  School  Review  for  Febru- 
ary and  March  Elmer  E.  Brown  has  a  classed 
and  annotated  bibliography  on  "  The  history 
of  secondary  education  in  the  United  States." 

GYNECOLOGY.  Rossi  Doria,  Tullio.  Biblio- 
grafia  ostetrica  e  ginecologica  italiana  per 
1'anno  1895,  compilata  secondo  la  classifica- 
zione  decimale.  (Societa  Italiana  di  Oste- 
tricia  e  Ginecologia.)  Rom.,  Unione  Co- 
operativa  Editrice,  1897.  108  p.  8°. 

Reviewed  at  length  in  the  Bollctino  of  the 
Bibl.  Nazionale  of  Feb.  15.  The  work,  com- 
piled by  Dr.  Rossi  Doria  under  the  auspicei  of 
the  Italian  Obstetrical  and  Gynecological  So- 
ciety, is  a  supplement  to  that  previously  com- 
piled for  the  society  by  Dr.  Pazzi.  The  bib- 
liography is  printed  on  one  side  of  the  page 
only,  following  the  example  of  Dr.  Richet's 
"  Bibliographica  physiologica,"  to  permit  the 
pasting  of  titles  in  library  card  catalogs,  where 
they  may  be  arranged  alphabetically  by  authors 
or  by  subject,  according  to  the  Dewey  decimal 
classification  which  is  used  throughout.  It  is 
prefaced  by  an  introduction  in  which  Sig.  Rossi 
Doria  describes  the  decimal  system  and  the 
work  planned  and  fn  progress  at  the  Institut 
International  de  Bibliographic  of  Brussels. 


"In  obstetrics  he  has  had  to  avail  himself  of  the 
subdivision  made  by  Melvil  Dewey,  which  is 
not  sufficiently  minute  and  is  not  yet  simplified; 
for  gynecology,  however,  he  had  from  the  In- 
stitute of  Brussels  the  tables  of  the  Dewey 
decimal  classification,  amplified  by  Prof.  Bau- 
douin,  of  the  medical  faculty  of  Paris,  which 
served  him  exceedingly  well,  but  are  not  yet  pub- 
lished, though  they  will  soon  appear.  Scien- 
tists," continues  the  Bollctino,  "will  judge  of 
this  subdivision.  They  will  tell  us  if  the  Dewey 
classification  adopted  is  useful  to  them  or  not ; 
it  is  for  them  to  reassure  those  who  fear  that 
because  it  is  sometimes  illogical  and  unreason- 
able it  may  confuse  their  minds  and  disturb 
their  investigations  and  scientific  researches. 
For  us  it  remains  only  to  call  attention  to  the 
fact  that  this  is  the  first  bibliographical  work 
done  in  Italy  according  to  the  Dewey  system 
adopted  by  the  International  Bibliographical 
Institute  of  Brussels,  and  that  it  deserves  the 
examination  of  those  who  are  interested  not 
in  these  special  branches  but  in  bibliography 
itself."  In  conclusion  it  is  announced  that  the 
500  titles  of  original  Italian  memoirs  on  the 
subjects  treated,  published  in  1895,  and  listed 
in  this  bibliography,  have  been  inserted  in  the 
author  and  subject  catalogs  of  the  Biblioteca 
Nazionale  and  are  at  the  service  of  students, 
"  a  thing  that  would  have  been  quite  im- 
possible if  the  worthy  Italian  Obstetrical  and 
Gynecological  Society  and  the  illustrious  Dr. 
Rossi  Doria  had  not  offered  us  this  method." 

ORGAN-BUILDING.  For  more  than  a  year 
past  F.  E.  Robertson's  "Practical  treatise  on 
organ-building"  has  been  running  in  the  Eng- 
lish Mechanic.  It  is  concluded  in  the  number 
for  Feb.  12.  The  numbers  for  Feb.  5  and  Feb. 
12  contain  a  bibliography  of  the  subject,  299 
titles  being  given,  most  of  which  may  be  found 
in  the  British  Museum. 

SOMERSET,  Eng.  Mr.  Emanuel  Green,  F.S.A., 
has  finished  his  "  Bibliography  of  Somerset," 
upon  which  he  has  been  long  engaged.  The 
work  will  be  in  two  volumes,  the  first  dealing 
with  the  county,  to  the  exclusion  of  Bath,  while 
the  second  will  be  devoted  entirely  to  the  lit- 
erature of  that  city.  The  printing  will  be  done 
in  Taunton,  and  the  work  will  be  obtainable  by 
subscribers  only.  — Ath.,  Ap.  17,  '97. 

SWASTIKA.  The  report  of  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum  for  1894  (Gov.  Print.  Office,  1896)  con- 
tains an  account  of  "  The  swastika, "by  Thom- 
as Wilson,  with  a  bibliography  of  13  pages 
(p.  984-996). 

TENNYSON.  T:  J.  Wise  begins  in  the  Athe- 
naum  of  March  27  Part  i.  of  a  "  Tennyson  bib- 
liography." The  first  part  is  devoted  to  "  Con- 
tributions to  periodical  literature,  etc.,"  and 
includes  24  entries;  it  is  continued  in  the  issues 
for  April  10  and  24. 

X  RAYS.  The  Bulletin  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 
Hospital  for  Feb.,  1897  (8  :  17-23)  contains  an 
article  on  "  A  case  of  dermatitis  due  to  the 
X  rays,"  by  T.  C.  Gilchrist,  which  is  followed 
by  a  short  bibliography  (i  col.) 


May,*<)i\  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


279 


THE  BOSTON  BOOK  DOHIPHNY, 

(CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  President,) 

BEACON    STREET,  £  BOSTON,    MASS. 


Thorvald  Solbcrg, 
I     Frederick  W.  Faxon. 


Specialty:  Periodical  Sets. 


7THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  does  not  make  a  practice  of  adver- 
tising sets  not  in  stock  on  the  chance  of  securing  orders,  but  it  actu- 
ally does  carry  a  larger  stock  of  periodicals  than  any  other  one  dealer.     More- 
over, conscientious  efforts  are  made  to  perfect  every  set  before  it  leaves  the 
house,  collators  being  kept  steadily  at  work  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sets  are 
not  simply  "guaranteed  "  perfect,  but  they  are  made  perfect  before  shipment. 
The   advantages   offered   by  THE    BOSTON    BOOK    COMPANY   are 

<£argest  Stock  of  Sets  to  Select  from, 
Siest  Worth  for  Ttfoney  Sxpended .  ,  . 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  has  begun  the  publication  of  a 
BULLETIN  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  of  which  the  first  number  is  just  off 
the  press.  This  journal  is  not  for  sale  but  will  be  sent  to  a  select  list  of 
libraries.  Librarians  interested  in  the  publication  who  have  not  received 
the  initial  number,  are  requested  to  send  for  a  sample  copy. 

ADDRESS 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COHPANY, 

BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


a8o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[May,  '97 


PUBLICATIONS  which  are  the  exclusive  property  of 

\ 

H.  WELTER,   Paris,   Rue  Bonaparte,  59, 

-Offered  at  reduced  prices  if  ordered  direct. 


Arbitrage  do*  plioque*  &  fourrure.  Mtfmoire, 
contre-memoire  et  plaidoyer  des  Etats-Unis  devant  le 
tribunal  d'arbitrage  ri'uni  4  Paris  en  1893.  3  vol.  in-8. 
1893.  (30  fr.)  15  fr. 

Archives  du  diocese  de  Chartres.  Histoire  et  Cartu- 
laire  de  St-Denis  de  Nogent-le-Rotrou  (1031-1789).  Fort 
vol.  in-8,  av.  planches.  1895-07.  12  fr.  50 

Arnielhaut  et  Bocher.  Catalogue  de  1'CEuvre  de 
Gavarni,  lithographies  originates  et  essais  d'eau-forte 
et  de  process  nouveaux  In-8,  sur  papier  de  Hollande, 
1873.  (60  fr.)  20  fr. 

Art  (L')  de  I'lmprini  rle  pendant  la  renais- 
sance Itallenne  a  Venlso.  230  pp.  gr.  in-4,  av. 
de  nombr.  figures  et  planches,  imprint  en  rouge  et  noir. 
En  carton.  1896.  22  fr.  50 

Blblloiheque  elzevlrlenne.  170  volumes  parus, 
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e'puise's  de  cette  fameuse  collection.  Liste  spdciale  avec 
prix  &  disposition. 

Blanc  (J.).  Bibliographic  italico-frar^aise,  2  vol.  in-8. 
1886.  30  fr. 

Bory  de  Saint  Vincent.  Botanique  du  Voyage 
autour  du  monde  sur  la  corvette  La  Coquille  pendant 
les  armies  1822^25.  Partie  Cryptogamie.  In-4,  avec  36 
planches  colorizes  et  noires.  1828.  35  fr. 

Bulletin  blbllograpliique  International  et 
Courrier  litteraire.  Gr.  in-8, 12  numeros  par  an.  4  fr.  50 

Burton's  Arabian  Nights  entertainements.  Reprint, 
including  the  supplemental  Nights,  now  entitled :  The 
Book  of  the  Thousand  Nights  and  a  Night.  12  vol.  gr. 
in-8,  relies  toile.  1896.  170  fr. 

Cnansonnl«>r  hlstorlqne  du  XVIIIe  siecle,  publie 
avec  introduction,  commentaire,  notes  et  index,  par  E. 
Rauni#.  10  vol.  in-8  sur  papier  de  Hollande,  av.  por- 
traits &  1'eau-forte.  1879-1884.  (100  fr.)  35  fr. 

ChftRsloils  (G.).  L'Instruction  publique  chez  les 
Grecs  depuis  la  prise  de  Constantinople  par  les  Turcs 
jusqu'i  nos  jours.  566  pp.,  gr.  in-8,  av.  4  cartes  en 
couleurs.  1881.  (25  fr.)  5  fr. 

Chevalier  (Ulysse).  Repertoire  des  sources  historiques 
du  moyen-ige.  Topo-bibliographie.  L'ouvrage  sera 
complet  en  6  fascicules  in-4  &  2  colonnes,  de  528  col. 
environ  chacun.  En  vente  les  fasc.  i  et  2.  Prix  du 
fascicule  9  fr. 

Souscription  a  1'ouvrage  complet  payd  d'avance  45  fr. 

Clapln  (Sylvain).  Dictionnaire  canadien-francais  ou 
lexique  des  mots...  dont  1'usage  appartient  surtout  aux 
Canadiens-Fran$-ais.  In-8.  Boston,  1894.  20  *r- 

Collection  de  reproductions  fac-simile  d'ouvrages 
rares  du  196  siecle. 

I.  Faguet.    La  trageYlie  au  i6e  siecle.    In-8.    1855.    10  fr. 

II.  Ozanam.      Docum.  sur  1'hist.  litter,  d'ltalie  au  146 
siecle.    In-8.    1897.  12  fr.  50 

III.  DM  Mtril.    Les  origines  latines  du  theatre  moderne. 
In-8.    1897.  12  fr.  50 

Colombo  (Cristoforo).  Scritti  ed  Autografi,  pubblicati 
con  prefazione  e  trascrizione  diplomatica  dal  Prof. 
Cesare  de  Lollis.  3  vol.  in-fol.  et  un  supplement,  en 
tout  4  vol.,  avec  170  planches  en  phototypie.  Rome, 
1892-04.  (150  fr.)  90  fr. 

Tire  i  60  exemplaires  settlement. 

Dame  (Fr.).  Nouveau  dictionnaire  roumain-fran^ais. 
4  vol.  gr.  in-8.  1896.  32  fr. 

Dante.  Les  plus  anciennes  traductions  francaises  de 
la  Divine  Comedie,  publiees  pour  la  ire  fois  d  apres  les 
manuscrits,  par  C.  Morel,  i  vol.  in-8  de  900  pages  ac- 
compagne  d'un  album  de  13  miniatures  reproduces  en 
phototypie,  cart.  1897.  35  fr. 

Trois  traductions  du  i6e  siecle  publiees  d'apres  les 

celebres  manuscrits  de  Turin,  Paris  (Bibl.  Nationale)  et 

Vienne  (Bibl.  Imperiale  n°  10201). 


Dapont-  Anbervlll«».  Decorations  polychromes. 
L'art.,  la  decoration  et  1'ornement  des  etoffes  et  des 
tissus  chez  les  anciens  et  chez  les  modernes.  i  volume 
in-folio,  avec  100  planches  en  couleurs,  or  et  argent. 
En  carton,  1877.  (150  fr.)  65  fr. 

Exploits  de  Baklle  Dlgenis  Acrltas.    Epopee 

byzantine,  publ.  p.  E.  Legrand.    In-8,  tire  &  100  ex.  sur 

papier  de  Hollande.    1892.  15  fr. 

Bibliotheque  grecque  vulgaire. 

Fables  K«oplqne»»,  mises  en  vers  par  Georges  I'F.to- 

iien,  et  publ.  pour  la  ire  fois  d'aprfes  up  manuscrit  du 

Mont  Athos,  par  Entile  Legrand.    Gr.  in-8,  imprime  & 

loo  ex.  seulement  sur  papier  de  Hollande.    1897.     15  fr. 

Bibliotheque  grecque  vulgaire. 

Foulche-Delbosc  (R.).  Bibliographic  des  Voyages 
en  Espagne  et  en  Portugal.  Gr.  in-8, 1896.  12  fr.  50 

Froehner  (W.).  Terres  cuites  d'Asie.  Collection  Jules 
Greau  decrite  et  publiee.  2  vol.  in-folio,  en  cartons, 
texte  et  120  planches  en  heliogravure  teintee.  1891. 
(150  fr.)  60  fr. 

Habelcne.  Dictionnaire  fran$ais-arabe.  2  vol.  gr. 
in-8.  1890.  (30  fr.)  20  fr. 

Harrlsse  (H.).  Fernand  Colomb.  Gr.  in-8.  1872. 
(Rare.)  25  fr. 

—  Christophe   Colomb   devant   1'histoire.      In-8.     1892. 
(Rare.)  10  fr. 

—  Christophe   Colomb  et  les  Academiciens  espagnols. 
In-i8.    1894.    (Rare.)  10  fr. 

KPTIITAAIA.  Recueil  de  documents  pour  servir  \ 
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ainsi  que  le  titre  de  la  collection  sont  actuellement  notre 
propnete.  Les  4  vol.  parus  de  1883  a  1888  sont  tres 
rares ;  nous  en  possedons  i  exemplaire  au  prix  de  200  fr. 
les  4  vol.;  nous  pouvons  en  outre  fournir :  les  tomes,  i, 
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Sous  presse  les  tomes  5  et  6.  Prix  de  chacun  de  ces  2 
volumes  pour  les  souscripteurs,  30  fr. 

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questions  historiques,  10  vol.  divers,  chacun  ayant 
640  pages  gr.  in-8.  (100  fr.)  20  fr. 

Ijefebvre  (Th.).  Voyage  en  Abyssinie.  Relation  his- 
torique.  Documents  sur  le  commerce  et  la  question 
coloniale.  Itineraire.  Description  et  dictionnaire  geo- 
graphique.  Physique  et  metereologie.  Statistique. 
Ethnologic.  Linguistique.  Archeologie.  3  vol.  in-8 
avec  i  carte  et  i  atlas  in-folio  de  59  planches  dont  42 
coloriees.  1845.  (240  fr.)  65  fr. 

Lefebvre  (Th.).  Voyage  en  Abyssinie.  Partie  Zoolo- 
g-ie,  par  O.  des  Murs,  FL  Prevost,  etc.  400  pp.  de  texte 
in-8  et  40  pi.  coloriees  in  folio.  1849.  (I0°  "0  35  ff- 

Leuorniant  (Ch.).  et  J.  de  Wltte.  Elite  des  monu- 
ments ceramographiques.  Materiaux  pour  1'histoire  des 
religions  et  des  mceurs  de  1'antiquite  rassembies  et  com- 
mentds.  4  forts  volumes  gr.  in-4,  avec  469  planches, 
1844  4  1861.  (580  fr.)  180  fr. 

—  Relie   en    demi-chagrin,    les    planches    montees   sur 
onglets.  220  fr. 

Lenormant  (Fr.).  La  monnaie  dans  1'antiquite. 
Le9ons  professees  dans  la  chaire  d'archeologie  prfes  la 
Bibliotheque  Nationale.  Nouvelle  edition.  3  vol.  in-8. 
1897.  20  fr. 

lie  Petit  (Jean).  Le  livre  du  Champ  d'Or  et  autres 
poemes  inedits,  publ.  par  Le  Verdier.  In-4,  tif^  &  2S  ex- 
seulement  pour  le  commerce.  1896.  30  fr. 

ITIauI  (J.)  u.  H.  Frledel.  Deutsche  Bucheinbaende 
der  Neuzeit.  In-4, av-  4°  pi- en  photogravure  et  2  pi.  en 
couleurs.  En  carton.  1888.  (37  fr.  50.)  25  fr. 


Si  vous  avez  besoin,  en  1897,  d'un  livre,  quel  qu'il  soit,  franjais  ou  etranger,  ancien  ou 
moderne,  adressez-vous  en  toute  confiance  a  ma  librairie,  qui  met  a  votre  service  son  experience 
et  ses  relations  avec  tous  les  pays  du  monde.  Catalogues  speciaux  £  disposition  sur  toutes  les 
branches  de  la  litterature.  Recherche  de  livres  d'occasion.  Vaste  assortiment  de  livres  anciens, 
200,000  volumes  en  magasin  surtout  Collections  de  Revues  et  grands  ouvrages  pour  les  Biblio- 
theques.  Correspondance  dans  une  des  4  langues :  fran9aise,  allemande,  anglaise  ou  italienne. 
Exactitude,  promptitude  et  conditions  advantageuses  sont  les  3  principes  qui  me  guident. 

H.   WELTER. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


281 


JOSEPH  BAER  &  CO., 


DEALERS    IN 


New  and  Second-hand  Books,  and  Library  Agents, 

FRANKFORT-O.-MAIN   (GERMANY). 

(ESTABLISHED   1785.)  CABLE    ADDRESS:    GUTENBERG. 


Our  special  Library  Department  enables  us  to  fill  orders  for  Libraries  with  the  best 
care  and  diligence,  in  small  matters  as  well  as  great. 

Most  liberal  terms. 

Exceptional  facilities  for  obtaining  scarce  books. 

Most  extensive  Stock  of  Second-hand  books  in  all  languages  and  all  classes 
of  literature. 

Systematical  Catalogues  issued  regularly  and  sent  free  on  application. 


USEFUL  REFERENCE  BOOKS  FOR  LIBRARIES. 

(Exracts  from  a  catalogue  coming  out  ntxtly.) 


MARKS. 

A  iidreson,  A.,  Die  deutschen  Maler-Radirer  des 
to.  Jabrh.  Leipzig,  1878.  5  vols.,  crown  8vo, 
cloth,  uncut 32 

Audreseii,  A.,  Handbuch  fiir  Kupferstichsamm- 
ler.  Leipzig,  1870-85.  2  vols.  and  supplement. 
8vo,  hf.  bd 30 

Andresen  u.  Weigel,  Der  deutsche  Peintre- 
Graveur.  Leipzig,  1864-78.  5  vols.,  hf.  morocco, 
fine  copy 48 

Bart*ch,  Le  peintre-graveur.  Leipzig,  1866^75. 
30  vols., crown  8vo,and  atlas  of  plates,  obi.  folio..  120 

Huiiiiiciater,  A.,  Denkma'ler  des  klassischen  Al- 
terthums.  MUnchen,  1885-87.  3  vols.,  410,  blue 
hf .  morocco,  fine  copy 65 

Itla nc,  Histoire  des  peintres.  Paris,  1856-74.  14 
vols.,  410,  with  many  woodcuts,  red  hf.  morocco. . .  360 

Bohtlliigk  u.  Roth)  Sansknt-WSrterbuch.  St. 
Petersb.,  1855-75.  7  vols.,  roy.  410.  (Publ.at  Mi78).  no 

Breliin,  Thierleben.  3.  Aufl.  (last  ed.).  Leipzig, 
1890-93.  10  vols.,  roy.  8vo,  with  many  plates,  plain 
and  colored,  hf.  morocco.  (Publ.  a  M 150) 100 

Briuckmeier,  Glossarium diplomat icum.  Wolf- 
en  b.,  1850-63.  2vols.,4to.  (Publ.  at  Mi2o.) 68 

Brockliau*,  Konversations  Lexicon.  14.  Aufl. 
(Newest  edition.)  Leipzig,  1894-96.  16  vols.,  hf. 
morocco.  (Publ.  at  Mi6o.) 90 

Chevalier,  Repertoire  des  sources  historiques  du 
Moyen  Age.  Paris,  1888.  Roy.  8vo,  with  suppl., 
hf .  morocco,  gilt  top So 

Dozy,  Supplement  aux  dictionnaires  arabes. 
Leyde,  1881.  2  vols.,  410,  hf.  morocco too 

Forcelllnl,  Totius  Latinitatis  lexicon,  cura  V. 
de  Vit.  Prato,  1858-79.  6  vols.,  410.  (Publ.  at 
f  res.  200.) 80 

Geschlchte  der  Wissenschaften  in  Deutschland. 
MUnchen,  1868-91.  a  i  vols.  in  25  parts,  8  vo.  (Publ. 
at  Mig6) 150 

Haln,  Repertorium  bibliographicum.  Stuttg.,  i8a6- 
'38.  4  vols.,  8vo,  thick  paper,  board* 100 


MARKS. 

Haudbuch  der  Arcliitektur.  Darmst.,  1880- 
'96.  41  parts  (all  publ.  to  the  end  of  1896),  royal 
8vo.  (Publ.  at  MS??)  .........................  ....  400 

JTal,  Glossaire  nautique.  Paris,  1848.  Roy.  8vo, 
(Publ.  at  frcs.  60)  .................................  30 

Kraiin,  Real-Encyklopaediedeschristlichen  Alter- 
thums.  Freiburg,  1882.  a  vols.,  royal  8vo,  with 
many  woodcuts,  hf.  morocco.  (Publ.  at  MsS)  .....  30 


Lane,  Arabic-English  Lexicon.  Lond.,  1863-93. 
8  parts,  410,  cloth,  uncut  ..........................  175 

I.inde,  Geschichte  der  Erfindung  der  Ruchdruck- 
kunst.  Berlin,  1886.  3  vols.,  410.  (Publ.  at  MSo).  30 

Lucas,  Dictionary  of  the  English  and  German, 
and  German  and  English  languages.  Bremen, 
1856-68.  4  vols.,  roy.  8vo,  hf.  morocco  ............  is 


Bibliotheca  historica.  Leipzig,  1781-1804. 
ii  vols.,  8vo,  thick  paper,  boards,  uncut  ...........      48 

Murray,  English  Dictionary.  Oxf.,  1894-96.  All 
parts  published  to  the  end  of  1896.  (Publ.  at  £7)..  no 

Najjler,  Die  Monogrammisten.  MUnchen,  1858-81. 
5  vols.  ,  8vo,  hf  .  morocco,  uncut  ....................  9° 

Over  beck,  Griechische  Kunstmythologie.  Vol. 
I  -III.  and  Atlas  1-5  (all  publ.).  Leipzig,  1871-89. 
(Publ.  at  M395>  ....................................  a'S 

PassavantjLe  peintre-graveur.  Leipzig,  1860-64. 
5  vols.,  8vo  (Publ.  Ms4)  ............................ 

Schuaaae,  Geschichte  der  bildenden  KUnste. 
a.  ed.  Stuttg.,  1866-70.  8  vols.,  hf.  morocco  ...... 


36 


90 


Tommaneo  e  Bellini,  Dizionario  della  lingua 
italiana.  Roma,  1861-90.  8  vols.,  410,  hf.  russia. 
(Publ.  at  frcs.  366)  ..................................  «8o 


Tralte  nouveau  de  di 
Tassin).    Paris,  1750-65. 


jue  par  (Toustain  et 
6  vols.,  4to,  calf 120 


Porto, 
50). 


Vleira,  Grande  Diccionarlo  Portuguez.     Po 
1871.  5  vols.,  410,  hf.  morocco.  (Publ.  at  frcs.  i 

Vocabolarlo  degli  Academic!  della  Crusca.  Vol. 
1-7  and  Glossario.  Vol.  i.  (all  publ.)  Fir.  1863-93. 
4to.  [(PubL  at  frcs.  223) *to 


282  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [May,'9i 

Having  spent   several  years    in  working  out    im- 
provements  in   library  appliances    for    the  benefit  of 
a   few   libraries,    I  wish  to  announce   that   I  am  now    in 
position   to  bring   the  benefits   of  this   experience  to 
many   libraries  and  professional   men  using  time-sav- 
ing and  nerve-saving  devices.     In   fact,     I  am  anxious 
to  do  so,    as    I  have  associated  myself  with  THE  OFFICE 
&  LIBRARY  CO.  ,    of    102  and   104  Fulton  St.  ,    New  York, 
as  manager  of   the  department  of  Library    fittings 
and  supplies,    and  will  be   glad  to   figure  with  you. 

Sincerely  yours,          S.    H.    BERRY. 


Things  are  great,  not  in  proportion  to  their  mere  big- 
ness but  in  proportion  to  their  suitableness  for  the  purpose 
for  which  they  are  made.  Our  card  catalogue  cabinets  are 
"great"  because  they  are  studied  out  to  make  the  work 
quicker,  easier,  and  safer  than  it  has  ever  been. 

They  have  the  following  points  of  superiority  over  any 
that  have  been  offered :  Cabinets  built  of  seasoned  oak 
throughout.  Trays  cut  low  at  sides  admitting  light  to  bot- 
tom of  cards.  Finished  inside  for  use,  outside  for  appear- 
ance. Trays  just  right  in  width  so  that  rod  can  be  replaced 
without  being  necessary  to  straighten  up  the  cards.  Blocks 
run  on  track  so  that  they  cannot  upset  or  push  back  when 
rod  is  removed.  Blocks,  rods,  and  cards  so  secured  to  bot- 
tom of  tray  that  they  cannot  be  spilled  out  should  a  tray  be 
dropped  or  upset.  Rods  are  removed  with  a  quarter  turn. 
We  also  make  a  lock  block  which  holds  rod  and  block  so 
that  neither  can  be  moved  without  a  key,  giving  absolute 
security  for  public  use. 

This  construction,  of  course,  costs  more  to  manufacture 
than  cabinets  made  with  less  care,  but  we  are  in  the  market 
to  meet  every  competition  on  a  basis  of  merit. 

We  expect  to  be  just  as  far  in 

the  lead  on  all  a  library  uses  except 

its  books. 

Why    buy   supplies   that   "will 

answer"  when  the  best  will  cost  no 

more? 

THE  OFFICE  &  LIBRHRY  CO., 

102  and  104   Fulton  Street,  New  York  City. 


May,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  283 


,  HinfllM^'  nt?A\VIl\in  IISIR^  inBlaclcs  and  Colors,  are  the  Standard  Liquid  Draw- 
1.  I  IIVIVJIIX^  LfK^VWinUJ  IPIIVO,  ing  jnksof  the  World.  They  are  used  and  endorsed 
by  the  leading  schools,  colleges,  and  institutes  of  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain.  Three-fourths  of  the  profes- 
sional draughtsmen  of  the  United  States  use  no  other  Drawing  inks.  In  J£  o».t  ^6  ft.,  ft.,  and  Qt.  Hottlrs. 
%  oz.  Bottles  prepaid  by  mail,  thirty -five  cents. 

2HinriI\I  C.'     DHrVTA     JViniTlVTPI?         A  beautiful  homogeneous  adhesive,  pure  white 
•     IllVJVJIl^^       rn\Jl  \J    ITUJUm  1  CK»       and  dejicately  scented,  for  mounting  photo- 
graphs, textile  samples,  scrap  book,  tissue  work,  and  general  use  as  a  substitute  for  mucilage.    Always  ready  and 
requires  no  preparation.    In  3  oz.,  6  oz.,  14  oz.,  and  HJ  Gallon  and  Gallon  Jars.    3  om.  Jar  prepaid  by 
mail,  thirty  cent*. 

1  HinfllNS'  TAIIPINF  MUCH  AfiF  A  strong,  clear,  non-Bedimentary  FluJd 
J.  niUVJll>^>  l/\UKli>Cr  m.UUlL,/\UG.  Mucilage  of  great  strength  and  quick 
catch.  Non-corrosive,  and  will  not  become  dirty  and  stained  in  use.  Adopted  by  the  School  Board  of  Indianapolis 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  mucilages.  In  9  o*.,  4  •>».,  \\>  ft.,  ft.  and  Qt.  Jtottles,  and  1,  it,  and  S  Gallon 
Cans,  ii  oz.  Bottle  prepaid  by  mail,  twenty -five  cents. 

4.  HIGGINS'    DRAWING-BOARD  AND   LIBRARY    MUCI- 

I  A  {"IP  A  Semi-fluid  Adhesive  of  extraordinary  strength.  For  sticking  paper  to  paper,  paper  to  cloth,  or 
*-'**'-**-*•  leather  to  paper  or  cloth  it  is  unequalled.  Excellent  for  mounting  drawings,  maps,  or  pictures  on  cloth, 
paper,  or  wood,  and  for  repairing  and  labelling  books.  The  5000  volumes  of  the  model  library  at  the  World's  Fair 
were  repaired  and  labelled  with  it,  and  it  was  voluntarily  exhibited  and  recommended  by  the  Committee  in  charge  as 
the  only  satisfactory  adhesive  for  the  purpose.  Its  utility  in  schools  is  hence  apparent.  In  3  o*.,  6  o*.,  li  oz. 
and  ft  Gallon  and  Gallon  Jars.  3  oz.  Jar  prepaid  by  mail,  thirty  cents. 

SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  ARTISTS'  MATERIALS,  PHOTO  SUPPLIES,  AND  STATIONERY. 

These  goods  are  peculiarly  adapted  for  school  use,  being  of  the  very  highest  standard,  and  hence  popular  educators 
in  themselves.  The  adhesives  are  extremely  strong,  yet  spread  easily  and  smoothly  in  a  very  thin  film,  so  that  they 
e»  further  than  starch  or  flour  paste*  or  gum  mucilages,  and  as  they  never  deteriorate  or  spoil  there  is  no  waste,  and 
they  are  hence  more  economical  in  the  end  than  cheap  goods. 

Color  Cards  showing  actual  Drawing  Inks,  also  descriptive  circulars  and  full  information  will  be  sent 
postpaid  on  application. 

CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Originators  and  Manufacturers, 

INKS  AND  ADHESIVES.  IBS-IT*  ui*iith  street, 

— — — — — — —  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  U.  8.  A. 

London  Office:   106  Charing  Cross  Road. 

KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

PUBLISHERS  AND  LIBRARY  AGENTS, 

Paternoster    House,    Charing:   Cross   Road,   London,   Eng;., 

Having  extensive  experience  in  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
INSTITUTIONS,  etc.,  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  Miscellaneous  Requisites,  Books  (New  and 
Second-hand),  or  Periodicals  in  all  Languages,  offer  their  Services  to  LIBRARIANS,  SECRE- 
TARIES, AND  OTHERS.  Careful  attention  given  to  every  detail.  Exceptional  Facilities  for 
obtaining  Foreign  and  Scarce  Books.  BINDING  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  UNDERTAKEN.  Periodicals 
9nd  Newspapers  Promptly  Supplied  as  issued.  Books  Shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  World  at  Lowest 
Rates. 

TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES,  HANDBOOKS,  ETC. 


284 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\May,  '97 


LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  :  :  :  :  : 


LEnCKE  &  BUECHNER, 


(LONDON.      LEIPZIG.     PARIS.) 


812  Broadway,  New  York, 


t(§JIE  invite  Librarians  to  correspond  with  us  before  placing  orders.     Our  facili- 
•  »      ties  for  supplying  books  in  all  languages  are  unsurpassed. 

Xarpest  Stock  of  German  ano  jfrencb  Books. 
Bmerican  Books  at  jobbers'  IRates 


Brtttsb  Books  Umporteo  2>ut2*jfree. 


Our  firm  offers  all  the  advantages  of  foreign  agencies  as  to  terms  and 
prompter  service,  receiving  weekly  shipments  from  England,  Germany,  and  France. 

Our  Monthly  Bulletin,  besides  a  bibliography  of  the  leading  languages  of 
the  world,  supplies  in  a  supplement  critical  notes  on  books  especially  valuable  for 
Libraries,  and  has  become  the  purchasing  guide  for  German  and  French  books 
in  many  Libraries. 

•  FOREIGN   PERIODICALS  AJ   LOWEST  RA TES  • 

The  Binding  of  Books  for  Learned  Societies,  Colleges  and  Libraries. 
Single    Volumes  or  in 


NEUMANN  BROTHERS, 


ESTABLISHED    1879. 


bibran) 

7   EAST   16th  STREET, 

Near  Fifth  Avenue,  NEW    YORK. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  the  correct  arranging  and  lettering  of  'works 

in  foreign  languages. 


May,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  285 

LIBRARY    DEPARTflENT 

OF 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co., 

CHICAGO. 

ORDERS  for  libraries  —  public,  university,  college,  or  school  —  filled  with  promptness  and  the 
greatest  care. 

Our  stock  of  miscellaneous  books  is  very  large  and  complete,  and  our  special  Library  De- 
partment with  a  corps  of  trained  assistants  enables  us  to  give  the  best  attention  to  the  peculiar 
demands  of  libraries. 

We  are  continually  receiving  large  consignments  of  foreign  books  —  those  for  public  libraries 
coming  free  of  duty  —  and  we  make  a  specialty  of  picking  up  both  domestic  and  foreign  books 
which  are  out  of  print  or  which  for  other  reasons  are  difficult  to  secure. 

Our  prices  are  very  low  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  librarians  regarding  their 
wants. 


TO  TIBRARIES. 

AND    MANUAL    TRAINING    SCHOOLS 

I  am  prepared  to  offer  special  terms  and  inducements. 

Write  for  list  of  Works  on  Drawing,  in  all  its  branches  and  grades  ;  Painting  in  water 
colors  and  oil;  Planning,  Designing,  and  application  of  Ornament,  Architectural  Styles; 
Interior  and  Exterior  Decorations,  Wood-Carving,  Clay  Modelling,  Sculpture,  Wrought 
Iron;  Designs  for  Metal  Work,  etc. 

t3F~Books  sent  for  inspection,  if  desired,  free  of  charge.  frS      Large  stock  always  on  hand. 

BRUNO  HESSLING, 


PUBLISHER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 
ARCHITECTURAL   AND    ART    INDUSTRIAL   WORKS 


64   EAST   12th  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


LIBRARIES. 


WE  solicit  correspondence  with  bookbuyers  for  private  and  other  LIBRARIES 
and  desire  to  submit  figures  on  proposed   lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles.  

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO., 

5   and   7   Hast  i6th   Street,   New   York. 


BOOKMEN,  LONDON.  *     *\  Y  *          \S          • )      UNICODE. 

Booksellers,  Bookbinders,  and  Publishers,  and  General  Agents  in  Europt 
for  Private  Bookbuyers  and  Public  Institutions  in  America. 

With  exceptionally  long  experience  in  Library  Agency,  they  can  promise  the  best  care, 
diligence,  and  discretion  in  everything  relating  to  it,  and  in  small  matters  as  well  as  great. 
Established  1816. 

A  Monthly  Catalogue  of  Second-Hand  Books.    Specimen  Number  post  frtt. 


14O  Strand,  W.  C.,  and  37  Piccadilly,  W. :  London. 


286  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [May,  '97 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

"53-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
orders. 

The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
kept  in  stock,  thereby  enabling  us  to  fill  orders  with  utmost  despatch. 

Special  attention  is  asked  to  our  facilities  for  importing  books  free  of  duty. 

Correspondence  solicited.  Send  for  catalogues  and  specimen  copy  of 
THE  BOOK  BUYER,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  books,  authors,  and  literary  affairs. 


Q.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS, 

ORK:  fi  LO 

t  23d  Street.  24  Bedford 

LIBRARY    AGENTS. 


NEW  YORK:  ~  LONDON: 

27  and  29  West  23d  Street.  ^  24  Bedford  Street,  Strand. 


MESSRS.  PUTNAfl  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
telligently and  to  the  best  advantage  of  their  customers. 

Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for 
American  books)  enables  them  to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  com- 
mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 


J.  A.  SCHWEINFURTH, 

ARCHITECT, 
1 1 1 1  EXCHANGE  BUILDING,  BOSTON: 


PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  A  SPECIALTY. 


EM.    TERQLJEM, 
Paris  Agency  for  American  Libraries, 

ESTABLISHED    1877, 

31    Bis   BOULEVARD    HAUSSMANN   31    Bis 
PARIS. 


French  and  Continental  Books  purchased  at  the  lowest 


terms. 


Ordert  carefully  executed  for  out-of-print  and  new  books. 

Binding  for  books  in  constant  use  a  specialty  of  the  firm. 

Estimates  given  on  application  on  all  orders. 

The  "Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Pranpaise"  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  'of  second-hand  book- 
dealers  of  eTery  locality. 


Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 

libraries  offered  en  Hoc  before  auction. 
Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Paris  of 

many  libraries,  colleges,  and  universities,  can  furnish 

references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  States. 
Correspondence  and  trial  orders  solicited.    Small  or  large 

shipments  every   week  either  direct  or  through  his 

agent  in  New  York. 


May,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


287 


List  of  Publications  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section. 

LARGE  SERIES. 
Reading  for  the  Young.    JOHN  F.  SARGENT. 

New  edition.    1890-95.     225  p.    $1.50.  » 

A.  L.  A.  Index  to  General  Literature.    1893. 

319  p.    Is  ;  half  mor.,  $6.50. 

List  of  Subject  Headings  for  use  in  Diction- 
ary Catalogs.    1895.    188  p.    fa.    o.p. 
List  of  Books  for  Girls  and  Women  and 

Their  Clubs.     A.   H.  LEYPOLDT  and   GEORGE  ILBS. 
1895.    $i;  paper,  50  c. 

Supplement  to  "  Reading  for  the  Young." 

MARY  E.   and  ABBY   L.   SARGENT.    1896.    104  p.    $i ; 
paper,  75  c. 

Annotated  Bibliography  of  Fine  Art.  RUS- 
SELL STURGIS  and  HENRY  KREHBIEL  ;  edited  by  GEORGE 
ILES.  1897.  5+89  p.  f  i ;  paper,  50  c. 

SMALL  SERIES. 

1.  Catalog  of  Historical  Fiction  for  Young 

People.    JOHN  F.  SARGENT.    1890.    36  p.    Paper,  10  c. 

2.  Paper  and  Ink.    R.  T.  SWAN.    1895.    20  p. 

Paper,  10  c. 

3.  Handbook  of  the  Publishing   Section. 

1895.     n  p.     Free. 

4-8.  List  of  Books  for  Girls  and  Women 

and  Their  Clubs.  A.  H.  LEYPOLDT  and  GEORGE  ILES. 
5  parts.    Each  10  c. 

9.  Books  for  Boys  and  Girls.  C.  M.  HKWINS. 

1897.    31  p.     10  c. 

For  terms,  etc.,  address 

THE  LIBRARY  BUREAU,  146  Franklin  St..  Boston,  Mass. 


"that  if  you 
have  tried  in 


I  WISH  TO  REPEAT, 

vain  to  secure  a  missing  number  or  vol- 
ume of  a  magazine,  if  your  list  has  come 
back  repeatedly,  marked  '  O.  P.,'  'can't 
find,'  etc  ,  etc.,  then  the  time  has  arrived 
when  my  services  may  avail." 


A,  S,  CLARK,  Bookseller  and  Newsdealer, 

174  Fulton  Street,  New  York. 


J.  H.   HICKCOX, 


906 


St., 


WASHINGTON,    D.    C., 


Offers  his  services  to  public  and  private 
libraries,  students,  and  others  in  search 
of  government  documents  or  information 
in  procuring  for  a  moderate  fee  missing 
numbers  in  sets  of  government  publica- 
tions, of  which  he  makes  a  specialty,  other 
government  documents  and  information 
from  the  several  departments,  museums, 
and  libraries  in  Washington. 


Mademoiselle 


BY 


John   D.  Barry. 


Pp.  330. 


$1.50. 


"It  is  masterly  in  its  treatment."  —  BOSTON 
HERALD. 

"A  remarkable  achievement  in  contemporary 
fiction." — PHILADELPHIA  PRESS. 

"A  remarkable  study  in  psychology.  It* 
strength  is  of  the  kind  that  continues  to  im- 
press one  long  after  the  book  is  closed."— ST. 
PAUL  GLOBE. 

"  Tlie  intensely  dramatic  situations  awaken 
the  reader's  delight  and  admiration."— N.  Y. 
MAIL  AND  EXPRESS. 

"Nothing  better,  hardly  anything  so  good, 
in  character -drawing  has  been  done  in  recent 
fiction," — THE  BOOKMAN. 

Stone  &  Kimball, 
New  York. 

BOOKS  WANTED. 

Grosvenor  Public  Library,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Library  Journal,  v.  8,  no.  i. 

Leicester  (Mass.)  Public  Library. 
Library  Journal,  Feb.,  1896. 

Library  Co.  of  Phila.,  cor.  Locust  and  Juniper  8tt. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Stevenson,  Memories  and  Portraits.    N.  Y.,  1887. 
Steel,  From  the  Five  Rivers.    N.  Y.,  1893. 
Longfellow,  Final  Memorial.     Boston,  1887. 

Mercantile  Library,  Phila.,  Pa. 

St.  Nicholas,  Nov.,  1889. 
Journal  of  Coiftf.  Medicine,  Oct.,  1892. 
Review  »/ Reviews,  June,  1890,  Lond.  ed. 
Schlosser's  Eighteenth  Century,  v.  7. 
Science  Hour,  Jan.,  1896. 

Librarian  Univ.  of  WIs.,  Madison,  WIs. 

Sylvester,  J.  J.,  Laws  of  Verse.     Longmans,   London, 

1870. 

H.  Welter,  59  Rue  Bonaparte,  Paris. 
Studies  of  the  Biological  Laboratory  of  the  Johns  Hopkins 

Univ.,  Baltimore,  all  out. 
Index  Catalogue  of  the  Surgeon-General's  Office,  Wash 

ington. 
Index  Medicus,  a  set. 

Y.  M.  O.  A.  Library,  44  E.  23d  St.,  N.  Y. 

Library  Journal,  Nov.,  1896. 
Publishers'  Weekly,  Jan.  a,  1897. 


SITUATIONS  WANTED. 


POSITION  WANTED.— A  college  graduate,  who  has 
had  experience  in  all  branches  of  library  work, 
would  like  to  change  to  another  library.  The  best  of 
references  given.  Address  LIBRARY  POSITION,  care  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


LONDON:  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG:  Hospital  Str.  10.        PARIS:  76  Rue  de  Rennes. 


QUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is  the  only   importer  in   America,  who  employs   no  Agents,   but  has  his  own 
offices  at : 

LONDON:         .      2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 

PARIS:        .        .        .         .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG :        .       '.        .        .     Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 

Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 

often  an  extra  discount. 
The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 
As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  Thursdays 

from  Germany"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 

New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 

of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 
Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 

abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 

Librarian. 
Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 

a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 

nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 
VIII.     Special. attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 

of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 

and  by  attending  auction  sales. 
Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 

of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 

volumes. 
Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


II. 
III. 
IV. 

V. 


VI. 


VII. 


IX. 


X. 


XI. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand 

(The  list  will  be  changed  from  time  to  time.) 


American  Naturalist,  Vol.  1-25.  Philadelphia, 
1868-91.  Bound. 

Annales  des  Sciences  naturelles,  I.  Series  com- 
plete. 33  Vols.  Paris,  1824-33.  Half  calf. 

Annalles  des  Sciences  naturelles:  Zoologie, 
Paleontologie.  Series  II.  to  VII.  complete. 
109  Vols.  Paris,  1834-92.  Half  morocco. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History. 
Complete  Set,  106  Vols.  London,  1838-1889. 
Half  morocco. 

Journal  of  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland.  I.  and  II.  Series.  46 
Vols.  London,  1834-94.  Half  morocco. 

Jahrbucher  fur  National  Oekonomie  und  Sta- 
tistik.  Complete  Set.  1863-94.  Bound. 


Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science. 

Complete   Set,    37   Vols.      London,    1853-89. 

Half  calf. 
Monthly   Microscopical   Journal.      Complete 

Set,  33  Vols.     London,  1869-92.     Half  calf. 
Jahrbuch  fur  Mineralogie.     Complete  Set,  89 

Vols.     Stuttgart,  1830-91.     Half  calf. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society 

of  London.      Complete  Set,  47  Vols.     Lon- 
don, 1845-91.     Half  morocco. 
Transactions   of   the    Geological    Society   of 

London.     Complete  Set.     London,  1811-56. 

Half  calf. 
Zeitschrift    d.   d.   Morgenland.   Gesellschaft. 

Complete  Set.     Leipzig,  1847-89. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 


GUSTAV  E.   STECHERT,  9   East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 


THE 


Library  Journal 


OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY    DEVOTED    TO 


library  Economy  anfc 


VOL.  22.     No.  6. 


JUNE,  1897. 


Contents, 


^LIBRARY  BUILDING  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

(Frontispiece?) 

EDITORIAL 291 

The  Philadelphia  Conference. 

The  New  York  Public  Library  Plans. 

Georgia  as  a  Library  State. 

The  Library  Movement  in  the  South. 

The  Question  of  Indexes. 

COMMUNICATIONS 292 

The  Children's  Librarian. 
TRAVELLING  LIBRARIES  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. — Hannah 

J.  Carter 293 

THE  BROWNE  CHARGING  SYSTEM. — B.  W.  Pennock.    .  294 

THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  BUILDING.    (Illus- 
trated.)     296 

PORTRAIT  INDEX,  Continued. 302 

THE  QUESTION  OF  INDEXES. — F.  D.   Tandy 303 

LIBRARY  BENEFACTIONS  OF  ANDREW  CARNEGIE.   .    .    .  303 
THE  NEW  LIBRARY  BUILDING  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF 

ILLINOIS. — /'.  /•'.  Kickntll 303 

THE  ATLANTA  LIBRARY  MEETING 304 

.   PUBLICATIONS   OF   THE   OFFICE    INTERNATIONAL    UK 

BlBLIOGRAPHIE 304 

REPORT  OF  THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY  COMMITTEE.  305 


PAGE 
AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 305 

igth  General  Conference,  Philadelphia,  June  24  - 
July  i,  1897. 

Notes  on  the  International  Conference. 

Correction  to  Proceedings. 

Special  Index  to  Proceedings. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 307 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 308 

LIBRARY  CLUBS 313 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES 314 

New  York  State  Library  School. 
REVIEWS 314 

Thwaites.    Jesuit  Relations. 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education.    Public  Society  and 
School  Libraries  in  the  U.  S. 

Weeks.    Libraries  and  Literature  in  North  Caro- 
lina in  the  i8th  Century. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 317 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS 323 

PRACTICAL  NOTES 323 

LIBRARIANS 324 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 325 

BlBLIOGRAFY 326 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 328 

HUMORS  AND  BLUNDERS 328 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5-00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  ctt. 

Price  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  the  Union,  sot.ftr  annum;  single  nuntoen,  ar. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


290  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [June,  '97 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  (tf^encg  for  (American  BiBrariee 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 
FOUNDED    IN    1856. 

(cjjrf  PPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 
Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  JBoofcs  ifounfr. 


Sets  /iDa&e  "(Up. 


of  3Ex>erg  Class, 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  arid  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College, 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is^possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY, 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 
Member  American  Library  Association.          SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


THE    LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


JUNE,   1897. 


No.  6 


PREPARATIONS  for  the  Philadelphia  conference 
have  within  the  past  few  weeks  developed  into 
definite  completeness,  and  by  the  time  this  num- 
ber of  the  JOURNAL  reaches  the  hands  of  its 
readers,  arrangements  for  the  meeting  will  have 
been  practically  finished.  Elsewhere  is  given 
the  final  program,  showing  so  varied  and  com- 
prehensive an  array  of  important  business  that 
a  doubt  arises  as  to  whether  the  hitherto  un- 
yielding limitations  of  time  have  been  con- 
quered by  the  program  committee.  But  it  must 
be  remembered  that  the  stimulus  of  the  confer- 
ence itself  makes  it  possible  to  accomplish  more 
within  the  five  days  of  the  meeting  than  can  be 
done  in  a  fortnight  of  ordinary  routine.  In  at 
least  two  respects  the  present  meeting  will  have 
an  important  influence  upon  the  future  of  the 
association.  The  proposed  reincorporation  of 
the  A.  L.  A.,  and  its  policy  as  to  extension  of 
membership,  are  subjects  that  demand  the  most 
careful  consideration  and  the  most  thorough 
discussion,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  librarians 
will  come  prepared  to  give  to  these  questions 
the  thought  and  attention  their  importance  de- 
mands. There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
the  future  policy  of  the  association  in  these  and 
other  respects  will  be  definitely  outlined  at 
Philadelphia,  and  for  this  reason,  if  for  no 
other,  the  coming  conference  promises  to  rank 
as  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  history  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  

IT  is  not  often  that  a  great  opportunity  is 
fully  recognized  beforehand,  but  the  arrange- 
ments for  the  proposed  building  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library  mark  an  exception  to 
that  rule.  With  the  passage  of  the  bill  author- 
izing the  erection  of  a  $2,500,000  library  build- 
ing in  Bryant  park,  the  way  has  been  opened 
in  New  York  for  the  development  of  a  public 
library  that  shall  be  a  type  and  model  of  all 
that  a  great  library  should  be  in  a  great  city. 
I  low  admirably  the  opportunity  thus  offered  has 
been  recognized  by  the  library  authorities  is 
made  evident  in  the  article  and  illustrative  plans 
given  elsewhere.  In  the  provisions  regulating 
the  architectural  competition,  in  the  suggestive 
plans,  and  in  the  specific  requirements  outlined. 


the  details  of  the  preliminary  competition  show 
a  foresight,  a  practicality  and  a  definiteness  of 
purpose  that  bid  fair  to  mark  a  new  era  in  li- 
brary architecture.  The  fact  that  the  plans 
presented  are  wholly  suggestive  is  another 
evidence  of  the  sound  judgment  used  through- 
out. This  permits  unrestrained  discussion  and 
allows  amendment  in  the  light  of  the  wisdom 
found  in  many  counsellors.  It  is  such  amend- 
ment that  the  trustees  are  desirous  to  obtain, 
and  to  that  end  it  has  been  arranged  to  bring 
the  subject  up  for  discussion  at  the  Philadel- 
phia conference,  and  to  elicit  a  full  and  free 
expression  of  library  opinion.  The  library 
authorities  have  realized  that  the  time  for  sug- 
gestion and  criticism  is  while  there  is  still  op- 
portunity to  make  use  of  them.  After  the 
plans  have  solidified  into  steel  and  stone,  the 
only  thing  to  do  is  to  make  the  best  of  matters  ; 
it  is  while  they  are  still  on  paper  that  criticism 
is  wholly  worth  while.  The  problems  connected 
with  the  building  resolve  themselve  into  direct 
questions.  Is  it  large  enough  ?  Is  it  too  large 
for  the  money  ?  Does  it  provide  adequately  for 
future  extension  ?  Is  the  reading-room  most 
advantageously  placed  ?  Shall  utility  be  sacri- 
ficed to  architectural  effect  ?  These  are  among 
the  questions  that  will  arise,  and  in  answering 
them  most  effectively  the  library  authorities 
will  be  serving  not  only  their  own  city  but  the 
libraries  of  the  future  throughout  the  country. 
Too  many  of  the  great  libraries  of  the  past 
have  been  built  for  the  architects,  not  for  the 
library  ;  for  art,  not  for  books.  Under  the 
wise  guidance  of  Dr.  Billings  and  his  associates 
it  is  safe  to  prophesy  that  the  New  York  Public 
Library  will  escape  these  dangers  and  will  be  a 
lasting  object  lesson  of  what  to  do,  not  what  to 
avoid,  in  library  architecture. 


GEORGIA  is  the  first  southern  state  to  add  its 
organized  influence  to  the  modern  library  move- 
ment, and  its  advent  into  library  ranks  will  be 
welcomed  throughout  the  profession.  The  or- 
ganization of  the  Georgia  Library  Club  a  few 
weeks  since  is  a  sign  of  the  general  library 
awakening  in  the  south  for  which  many  have 
hoped  and  waited.  What  is  most  encouraging 


292 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


is  that  the  movement  is  not  the  product  of  a 
fleeting  enthusiasm,  but  is  the  result  of  a 
gradual  and  increasing  realization  of  the  place 
the  modern  library  occupies  in  modern  life.  In 
the  library  congress  of  the  Atlanta  Exposition, 
in  the  state  commission  bill  introduced  into  the 
last  Georgia  legislature,  in  the  previous  efforts 
toward  a  state  library  organization,  the  ground 
has  been  made  ready  for  the  seed  just  sown, 
and  there  is  every  reason  to  hope  that  the  har- 
vest will  be  an  abundant  one.  The  effective 
work  done  by  Miss  Wallace,  to  whose  efforts 
the  present  results  are  almost  wholly  due,  de- 
serves the  most  cordial  recognition,  and  proves 
again  how  much  the  success  of  all  such  move- 
ments is  due  to  the  personal  enthusiasm  and 
perseverance  of  a  few  workers. 


NOR  is  Georgia  the  only  southern  state  to  be 
represented  on  the  library  roll  of  honor  within 
the  past  few  months.  Tennessee  has  taken  an 
important  step  toward  library  development  in 
the  recent  law  authorizing  and  facilitating  the 
establishment  of  libraries  in  cities  of  over  20,000 
inhabitants.  The  law  is  broadly  conceived  and 
should  prove  an  effective  stimulus  to  library 
growth,  though  the  limitation  as  to  size,  re- 
stricting libraries  only  to  larger  communities,  is 
of  course  to  be  regretted.  The  awakening  of 
library  sentiment  that  is  taking  place  in  the 
various  southern  states  gives  special  emphasis 
to  the  desirability  of  holding  the  1898  confer- 
ence of  the  A.  L.  A.  in  a  southern  city.  That 
Atlanta  will  be  chosen  as  the  next  meeting- 
place  seems  quite  probable,  and  it  cannot  be 
doubted  that  in  meeting  there  the  A.  L.  A, 
would  be  doing  missionary  work  of  the  most 
effective  kind  and  would  materially  hasten  and 
strengthen  the  library  development  of  the 
south. 

ONE  subject  that  it  might  be  well  to  consider 
at  Philadelphia  is  the  question  of  indexes,  or 
rather  of  the  lack  of  indexes,  in  current  books. 
It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  the  lack  of  adequate 
indexes  to  many  of  the  important  books  of  the 
day  is  one  of  the  most  constant  of  the  librarian's 
minor  grievances,  and  as  librarians  are  to-day 
among  the  largest  purchasers  of  books  they 
should  be  able  to  find  a  remedy  for  the  difficulty. 
In  glancing  over  the  books  of  the  past  three 
months,  it  is  easy  to  note  half  a  dozen,  the  use- 
fulness of  which  to  the  librarian  would  be  prac- 
tically doubled  by  a  good  index.  A  good  index, 
however,  is  expensive,  and  until  publishers 


realize  that  the  salable  value  of  a  book  is  im- 
paired by  its  lack  they  will  hardly  feel  obliged 
to  furnish  it.  There  seems  no  reason  why  the 
A.  L.  A.  should  not  be  able  to  bring  the  neces- 
sity of  indexes  clearly  home  to  publishers  from 
this  commercial  point  of  view,  and  the  Phila- 
delphia meeting  gives  opportunity  for  a  dis- 
cussion of  the  means  whereby  this  may  be  done. 
Nor  are  indexes  to  current  books  the  only  ones 
to  be  considered.  Mr.  Tillinghast  has  already 
suggested,  on  behalf  of  the  co-operation  com- 
mittee, the  indexing  of  important  standard 
works  that  lack  this  necessary  key  to  their  con- 
tents. Such  an  enterprise  would  undoubtedly 
be  of  great  value  to  librarians,  and  the  further 
report  of  the  co-operation  committee  on  the 
subject  will  be  awaited  with  interest. 


Communications. 


THE  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARIAN. 

ONE  of  the  signs  of  increasing  breadth  of  li- 
brary activity  is  the  fact  that  librarians  are  now 
not  simply  interested  in  the  children,  but  are 
thinking  out  the  proper  methods  for  thorough 
and  effective  work.  A  recent  correspondent 
writes  :  "In  considering  the  question  of  the 
children's  room,  would  you  think  it  advisable 
to  have  the  shelving  seven  feet  high,  and  what 
would  you  suggest  as  to  the  contents  of  the 
room,  both  as  to  furniture  and  as  to  books  ?" 

The  building  and  the  furniture  are  important 
considerations,  but  there  is  danger  that  after 
much  time  and  skill  has  been  expended  in 
planning  the  room  and  choosing  the  books,  the 
children  will  be  put  under  the  charge  of  a  libra- 
rian whose  chief  recommendations  are  that  she 
lives  in  town,  is  willing  to  work  for  a  small 
salary,  and  is  considered  "fond  of  children." 
We  have  yet  to  learn  that  the  children's  libra- 
rian, if  her  work  is  worth  doing  at  all,  needs 
not  only  the  general  training,  scholastic  and 
technical,  recognized  as  essential  for  those  who 
have  charge  of  other  departments,  but  also  a 
special  training  for  her  peculiar  work.  This 
special  training  will  probably  include  a  part  of 
that  taken  by  the  kindergartner,  a  course  in 
child-study  according  to  modern  methods  and  a 
careful  analysis  of  children's  literature. 

Two  young  women  are  to  my  knowledge  now 
making  an  effort  to  fit  themselves  for  this  chil- 
dren's work.  Others  who  have  a  natural  fit- 
ness will  probably  submit  themselves  to  train- 
ing. I  should  be  glad  to  correspond  with  libra- 
rians who  are  entering  seriously  upon  the  task 
of  discovering  in  what  way  the  needs  of  the 
child  can  be  met  by  the  public  library,  because 
I  am  very  much  interested  in  working  out  the 
proper  course  for  the  training  of  the  children's 
librarian.  I  might  also  be  able  to  put  the  libra- 
rian into  communication  with  those  who  are 
fitted  to  do  exceptionally  good  work  in  this 
line.  MARY  SALOME  CUTLER. 

ALBANY,  June  4, 1897. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


293 


TRAVELLING    LIBRARIES   OF    ILLUSTRATIONS.* 
BY  HANNAH  JOHNSON  CARTER. 


A  PLAN  for  the  distribution  of  reading-matter 
in  the  form  of  circulating  libraries  is  not  a  very 
new  movement,  but  of  late  it  has  been  found 
that  such  libraries  may  be  supplemented  or 
combined  with  the  distribution  of  pictures  with 
the  happiest  results.  Indeed,  pictures  will 
sometimes  appeal  when  and  where  books  would 
not. 

We  have  all  heard  of  the  humanizing  influ- 
ence which  the  exhibitions  of  pictures  have 
wrought  in  what  is  known  as  the  worst  part  of 
London.  These  exhibitions  began  in  a  small 
way,  the  promoters  believing  that  a  love  of 
beauty  was  the  heritage  of  all,  and  the  enter- 
prise has  grown  until  recently  a  beautiful  build- 
ing has  been  built  expressly  for  these  exhibi- 
tions, to  be  known  as  the  "  Whitechapel  Picture 
Gallery."  Similar  exhibitions  have  been  held 
in  the  lower  part  of  New  York  and  always  at- 
tended by  large  and  appreciative  crowds. 

In  Manchester,  England,  there  is  a  system  of 
circulating  collections  of  pictures  in  the  schools 
of  that  city,  and  Mr.  T.  C.  Horsfall,  who  de- 
veloped the  method,  says  that  "  the  decision  as 
to  whether  art  shall  be  used  in  education  is  to 
modern  communities  a  decision  as  to  whether 
the  mass  of  the  people  shall  be  barbarian  or 
civilized." 

A  school-master  in  London,  who  simply  could 
not  keep  his  pupils  in  school,  tried,  as  a  last  re- 
sort, tacking  the  best  posters  he  could  find  upon 
the  walls,  interspersed  with  smaller  pictures  —  a 
reward  for  early  attendance  was  a  chance  to 
pass  around  and  examine  them.  His  method 
proved  much  more  efficacious  than  the  services 
of  the  truant  officer. 

At  Hull  House,  Chicago,  a  college  settlement 
which  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  sweater's 
district,  there  are  held  two  exhibitions  of  pict- 
ures a  year.  Owing  partly  to  the  limited  space 
available  for  these  exhibits  they  have  been 
small,  but  the  effort  has  always  been  made  to 
show  only  pictures  that  combine  to  a  consider- 
able degree  an  elevated  tone  with  technical  ex- 
cellence. One  of  the  residents  of  the  settlement 
has  provided  good  sets  of  pictures  and  casts  for 
several  schools  in  the  poorest  localities.  A 
society  has  been  organized  for  carrying  on  this 
work. 

The  Central  Art  Association,  which  has  for 


*  Read  at  meeting  of  Massachusetts  Library  Club,  Bos- 
ton, April  22,  1897. 


its  object  "the  promotion  and  dispersion  of 
good  art  among  the  people,"  has  its  headquarters 
in  Chicago.  One  of  the  most  important  features 
of  its  work  is  the  sending  from  place  to  place  of 
loan  collections  of  paintings  by  representative 
American  artists.  The  exhibition  season  opens 
in  November  and  closes  in  May,  the  collections 
passing  about  all  that  time. 

Miss  Mary  Tanner,  the  art  teacher  at  the 
Normal  School  at  Stevens  Point,  Wisconsin,  is 
doing  a  good  work  among  the  farming  people 
in  her  vicinity.  Miss  Tanner  takes  good  re- 
prints or  photographs  of  some  of  the  best  works 
of  art,  and  frames  them  neatly  with  a  border  of 
gray  matting,  pasting  a  manila  back  to  this 
simple  frame  to  protect  the  picture.  Then  a 
short  description  of  the  artist,  and  if  possible  of 
the  work  itself,  is  written  and  pasted  on  the 
back,  so  that  those  who  are  enjoying  the  pict- 
ure may  have  as  much  help  as  possible  in  un- 
derstanding its  purpose.  Eyelets  are  inserted 
by  which  to  hang  the  picture,  and  a  pocket  for 
a  library  card  is  then  pasted  on.  The  picture  is 
finally  enclosed  in  a  large  envelope  of  heavy 
manila  paper,  the  envelope  is  numbered  and 
labelled  and  then  is  ready  for  circulation.  These 
pictures  are  placed  in  the  school-houses  as 
centres  and  the  teacher  takes  charge  of  the  cat- 
alog. A  dozen  or  20  pictures  will  thus  circu- 
late in  a  community  for  a  quarter  term.  In  a 
recent  letter  from  Miss  Tanner  she  says : 
"Last  Friday  night  I  drove  six  miles  in  the 
country  in  a  blinding  snow-storm  to  meet  a 
school-house  full  of  foreigners,  children  and 
grown  people,  half  of  whom  could  not  speak 
any  other  language  than  Polish.  The  interest, 
intense  and  pitiful,  which  they  exhibited  in  the 
pictures,  and  the  choice  exhibited  in  selection 
made  me  feel  that  the  expression  of  a  high  and 
noble  idea  was  an  inspiration  forever,  and  that 
though  dead  those  artists  who  caught  some  of 
the  divine  glory  and  transferred  it  to  their  can- 
vases still  live  to  lead  others  up  and  on  to  the 
higher  life." 

In  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  Miss  Dillon,  the  art 
teacher,  has  started  a  good  work.  There  are  21 
school  buildings,  so  21  works  of  art  were  pur- 
chased, consisting  of  reproductions  and  casts. 
One  was  sent  to  each  school  building  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  school  year,  the  masterpiece  re- 
mained in  the  school  two  weeks  and  then  was 
sent  to  another  building,  another  taking  its 


294 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\_Jttnt,  '97 


place.  In  order  not  to  have  this  new  departure 
too  heavy  a  burden  upon  the  teachers  the  art 
teacher  arranged  in  it  this  way.  The  principal 
of  each  building  was  asked  to  be  responsible 
for  a  very  full  sketch  of  the  art  piece  which  he 
received  at  the  beginning  of  the  year.  He  met 
his  teachers  and  assigned  them  topics  on  the 
subject  which  they  found  no  difficulty  in  study- 
ing in  the  art  department  of  the  Bridgeport 
Public  Library.  Then  the  principal  put  together 
the  information  thus  obtained,  and  this  sketch 
was  sent  with  the  picture  or  cast  from  school 
to  school,  so  that  all  the  hard  work  in  the  way 
of  research  was  really  done  in  the  first  two  weeks, 
and  after  that  the  teachers  studied  the  sketch 
which  came  to  them  and  took  from  it  the  infor- 
mation adapted  to  the  age  of  the  children  they 
were  teaching.  Such  a  sketch  contained  infor- 
mation enough  to  satisfy  high-school  pupils  and 
at  the  same  time  much  that  would  be  interest- 
ing to  much  younger  children. 

Miss  Edith  Putnam,  of  New  York  City,  has 
in  charge  many  boy's  and  girl's  clubs  and 
mother's  classes.  She  sends  out  a  circulating 
library  of  books  to  which  has  been  added  about 
50  pictures.  They  are  masterpieces  and  are 
framed  simply,  they  go  to  various  houses  just 
as  the  books  do,  being  returned  after  a  certain 
time.  In  speaking  of  this  work  Miss  Putnam 
said  :  "  It  is  very  interesting  to  me  to  observe 
that  the  Italians  take  out  very  few  books,  pre- 
ferring pictures." 

The  library  of  the  Boston  Art  Students  As- 
sociation contains  a  great  many  fine  photo- 
graphs for  the  use  of  the  members,  with  which 
to  illustrate  lectures  or  for  purposes  of  refer- 
ence. There  is  also  a  picture  club,  containing 


folios  of  photographs  for  circulation  in  working 
girls'  clubs  and  Sunday-school  classes. 

An  important  step  was  taken  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Massachusetts  State  Federation  of  Clubs 
at  Springfield  early  in  February  of  this  year. 
The  topic  for  the  day  was  "Art,  the  need  of 
the  beautiful  in  the  home,  the  schools,  the 
streets."  21  pictures  were  exhibited,  reproduc- 
tions of  masterpieces,  besides  a  collection  of 
water-colors  by  Mr.  Walter  Chaloner.  The 
next  move  was  that  of  the  Thought  and  Work 
Club  of  Salem.  Mrs.  Kate  Tannatt  Woods 
is  president,  and  she  was  so  inspired  by  the 
meeting  at  Springfield  that  she  induced  the 
club  to  purchase  a  set  of  these  21  reproduc- 
tions, to  be  given  by  the  club  to  the  public 
schools  of  Salem.  Later  there  was  an  exhibit  at 
Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  one  at  Waltham,  Mass. 

In  our  large  cities  there  is  much  for  the  peo- 
ple to  enjoy  in  our  libraries  and  museums,  yet 
even  with  the  treasures  \vithin  their  grasp  it  is 
often  necessary  to  do  considerable  not  only 
with  the  children  but  with  their  elders  to  lead 
them  to  fully  appreciate  what  they  have  at 
hand.  Works  of  art  often  need  interpretation 
and  their  beauties  made  evident  to  the  un- 
trained eye. 

These  various  movements  which  have  been 
briefly  touched  upon  are  significant,  inasmuch 
as  they  show  that  there  are  many  people  who 
are  not  satisfied  to  live  by  bread  alone  ;  they 
hunger  for  beauty,  and  grasp  with  eagerness 
whatever  is  held  out  to  them.  Whoever  has  a 
message,  let  him  speak.  Whoever  has  some- 
thing to  give,  let  him  give.  Each  and  all  can 
do  something,  and  the  whole  shall  help  forward 
the  brotherhood  of  man. 


THE    BROWNE   CHARGING   SYSTEM. 
BY  B.  W.  PENNOCK,  New  Bedford  (Mats.)  Free  Public  Library. 


SINCE  we  have  been  using  for  a  year,  at  the 
New  Bedford  Public  Library,  a  charging  system 
used  in  very  few  libraries,  it  may  be  that  our 
experience  with  it  will  be  of  some  interest  to 
the  readers  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

In  a  library  with  a  dailycirculation  not  much 
beyond  100  v.  almost  any  charging  system  can 
be  used  with  a  fair  degree  of  satisfaction  ;  but 
when  the  daily  circulation  reaches  400  or  500  v., 
with  occasional  days  of  1000  or  1200,  the  ques- 
tion of  what  charging  system  to  use  becomes  a 
much  more  important  one.  Of  course  a  system 
which  will  give  satisfaction  in  a  large  library 


can  be  used  well  enough  in  a  small  one  ;  and 
a  growing  library,  though  it  be  quite  small, 
will  probably  be  the  gainer  in  the  end  by 
adopting  a  system  which  is  workable  in  a  much 
larger  one. 

The  slip-in-the-case  system  —  which,  I  be- 
lieve, was  invented  by  the  present  librarian  of 
Amherst  College  —  is  probably  in  use  to-day  in 
more  libraries  than  any  other  ;  and  it  certainly 
is  a  great  advance  over  the  old  ledger  system. 
But  where  speed  in  charging  is  a  matter  of 
prominent  importance  it  leaves  much  to  be 
desired.  This  is  the  system  which  was  in  use 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


295 


in  our  library  a  year  ago;  and  it  caused  us 
much  trouble  on  account  of  oft-recurring  mis- 
takes in  copying  either  the  registered  number 
of  the  borrower  or  the  book  mark. 

Our  largest  circulation  in  one  day  up  to  that 
time  was  915,  and  only  once  had  it  reached 
that  point.  The  ordinary  busy  day  seldom 
went  beyond  700.  But  the  necessity  of  writing 
the  reader's  card  number  —  which  in  many 
cases  consists  of  five  figures  —  the  book  mark  — 
which  seldom  has  less  than  five  symbols,  and 
often  eight  or  nine  —  and  of  stamping  with  the 
date  both  the  charging  slip  and  the  borrower's 
card,  was  the  cause  of  much  delay  and  of  many 
mistakes. 

It  seems  a  simple  matter  to  copy  numbers 
upon  squares  of  paper,  but  experience  shows 
that  even  the  most  careful  and  accurate  person 
will  make  many  mistakes  during  the  busy 
hours  in  copying  the  somewhat  complicated 
book  marks  of  the  Dewey  system  and  the 
Cutter  author  table. 

On  account  of  these  difficulties  I  gave  con- 
siderable study  to  the  various  charging  systems 
in  use  in  libraries  similar  to  ours  in  size  and 
circulation.  Visiting  the  Forbes  Library  at 
Northampton  one  day,  Mr.  Cutter  showed  me 
the  system  there  in  use,  which  was  invented  by 
Miss  Browne,  of  the  Library  Bureau.  For 
several  reasons  it  struck  me  favorably.  Promi- 
nent among  these  reasons  was  the  fact  that  no 
writing,  either  of  name  or  numbers,  was  neces- 
sary in  charging  a  book,  so  that  the  mistakes 
so  often  made  in  copying  would  be  eliminated. 

After  careful  study  of  various  systems,  we 
decided  to  adopt  Miss  Browne's  system  in  the 
form  in  which  Mr.  Cutter  was  using  it.  The 
system  has  been  described  in  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  May,  1895,  and  I  will  not  take  the  time 
to  describe  it  here  ;  but  I  will  give  a  few  de- 
tails regarding  the  materials  which  we  use  and 
the  success  we  have  had  with  it. 

The  pocket  which  we  paste  on  the  inside 
of  the  back  cover  of  the  book  is  of  good  man- 
ila  paper,  3^x4  inches.  We  put  the  longer 
side  across  the  cover  when  the  book  is  large 
enough  to  permit  it.  This  pocket  serves  also 
for  a  place  to  stamp  the  date  on  which  the  book 
is  delivered  to  the  reader.  The  card  is  2  x  4'.t' 
inches,  is  of  good  quality  of  tag  board,  and 
bears  the  number  of  the  book  plainly  written 
on  both  sides  at  one  end.  The  number  is  also 
written  on  the  cover  just  above  the  right-hand 
corner  of  the  pocket.  Several  thousand  coin 
envelopes  were  purchased,  zixsJ  inches,  of 
good  manila  paper,  open  at  one  end,  and  with 


the  cover  not  folded.  This  cover  we  cut  down 
with  a  pair  of  bent  shears,  leaving  only  enough 
to  serve  as  a  sort  of  guide  to  catch  the  corner 
of  the  card  when  it  is  being  inserted  into  the 
envelope.  These  materials  we  have  found  both 
cheap  and  satisfactory. 

As  to  the  practical  working  of  the  system, 
the  strong  points  as  they  have  appeared  to  us 
are,  the  elimination  of  the  writing  as  men- 
tioned above,  and  the  fact  that  only  by  unusual 
carelessness  on  the  part  of  attendants  can  a 
book  returned  to  the  library  be  given  out  again 
without  being  discharged.  In  the  hurry  of  a 
busy  day  a  book  will  sometimes  be  received, 
and  even  put  into  its  place  on  the  shelf,  with- 
out being  discharged  ;  but  in  this  system  it 
cannot  be  given  out  again,  because  the  card 
which  belongs  to  the  book  and  with  which  it 
is  charged  will  be  missing.  And  since  over- 
due notices  are  not  sent  without  looking  upon 
the  shelf,  the  mistake  of  sending  an  overdue 
notice  when  the  book  has  been  returned  is  al- 
most impossible. 

As  to  the  difficulties  of  the  system  —  for 
every  system  has  its  worse  as  well  as  its  belter 
side  —  there  are  two,  or  more  strictly  two  parts 
of  the  same  thing.  In  busy  times  it  is  easy 
for  the  person  discharging  to  take  from  the 
case  the  wrong  book  card  and  put  it  into  the 
pocket  of  the  book  to  be  discharged.  This  is  a 
source  of  trouble  in  several  ways;  the  book  is 
liable  to  be  put  on  the  shelf  with  the  wrong 
card,  and  when  the  book  belonging  to  that 
card  comes  in  the  card  cannot  be  found.  Then 
the  card  of  the  book  which  went  on  the  shelf 
with  the 'wrong  card  still  stands  in  the  charg- 
ing-case,  and  the  envelope  of  the  person  who 
returned  it  is  of  course  there  too  ;  and  when  a 
book  is  found  for  him  there  is  no  envelope  with 
which  to  charge  it.  Or  it  may  be  that  the 
mistake  is  not  noticed  at  the  charging-desk  and 
the  book  is  charged  in  the  envelope,  which 
was  wrongly  discharged  —  that  is,  the  book  is 
charged  to  the  wrong  person.  As  a  matter  of 
fact  this  happened  with  us  many  times  in  the 
first  few  weeks,  and  when  there  were  added  to 
these  mistakes  the  ones  occasionally  made  of 
taking  up  the  wrong  envelope  when  the  right 
one  was  at  hand,  we  often  found  ourselves  in 
considerable  difficulty. 

That  these  difficulties  were  not  inherent  in 
the  system  I  was  confident,  and  after  studying 
the  case  for  a  few  days  I  adopted  a  suggestion 
of  Mr.  Cutter's  that  it  was  better  to  call  the 
reader's  name  from  the  envelope  rather  than 
from  his  card,  which,  with  a  rearrangement  of 


296 


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[/une,  '97 


desk  attendants,  almost  entirely  removed  the 
difficulty. 

There  are  also  several  incidental  conven- 
iences connected  with  the  system  which  are 
worth  mentioning.  It  frequently  happens  that 
a  book  which  is  out  is  wanted  by  some  one  as 
soon  as  it  returns.  It  is  very  easy  to  note  that 
fact  on  a  bit  of  paper  and  place  it  in  the  envelope 
with  the  book  card.  In  a  similar  manner 
a  record  can  be  made  when  an  overdue  notice 
is  sent.  It  saves  time  in  sending  overdue 
notices,  for  the  delinquent's  full  name  and  ad- 
dress is  on  the  envelope,  so  that  no  looking-up 
is  needed.  Again,  it  helps  the  librarian  to  keep 
some  knowledge  of  the  tastes  of  different  read- 
ers, so  that  he  may  call  their  attention  to  new 
books  which  may  be  of  interest  to  them. 

One  other  important  matter  ought  to  be  men- 
tioned, and  that  is  in  regard  to  the  speed  with 
which  books  may  be  charged  and  discharged. 
There  are  several  systems  by  which  books  can 
be  discharged  as  rapidly  as  by  this  one,  but 
I  know  of  none  by  which  they  can  be  charged 
so  rapidly  and  so  accurately.  In  a  busy  time 
it  is  not  necessary  to  arrange  the  charges  as  the 
books  are  delivered.  They  can  be  piled  up  or 
dropped  into  a  box  or  drawer  to  be  arranged  in 
a  quiet  time.  The  person  who  finds  the  book 
and  brings  it  to  the  desk  to  be  charged  will  gen- 
erally slip  the  book  card  into  the  envelope 
while  bringing  it  to  the  desk,  so  that  the  one 
charging  has  only  to  stamp  the  book  and  the 
card  —  when  the  book  is  ready  to  go.  A  person 
who  Is  fairly  quick  and  accustomed  to  the 
system  will  deliver  books  about  as  rapidly  as 
readers  will  take  them  from  the  desk. 

While  books  cannot  be  discharged  quite  as 
rapidly  as  they  can  be  charged,  it  is  seldom 
that  the  discharging-desk  is  crowded  in  our 
library,  though  in  the  busiest  days  we  de- 
liver more  than  1000  -volumes.  Two  or  three 
times  in  as  many  months  I  have,  for  a  few 
moments,  helped  the  person  discharging  by 
putting  the  cards  into  the  books  as  they  were 
taken  from  the  case.  But  this  was  only  be- 
cause of  the  cramped  condition  of  our  delivery- 
room,  on  which  account  we  serve  readers  as 
fast  as  possible,  that  they  may  go  away  to  make 
room  for  others.  In  a  word,  the  system  is  very 
satisfactory  with  us. 

NOTE. — Since  writing  the  above  I  have  seen  some- 
where in  print  an  objection  offered  to  this  system  on  the 
ground  that  all  books  must  be  discharged  as  soon  as  they 
are  returned.  This  objection  seems  to  me  to  have  little 
force,  because  a  large  part  of  the  books  returned  in  a  busy 
time  are  needed  to  go  out  again  as  much  as  the  envelopes 
are  needed  for  charging  them. 


THE   NEW   YORK   PUBLIC   LIBRARY 
BUILDING. 

ON  May  19  the  act  providing  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  building  for  the  consolidated  New 
York  Public  Library,  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Til- 
den  foundations,  was  signed  by  Governor  Black, 
and  thus  the  second  step  was  taken  in  the  de- 
velopment of  a  great  public  library  in  New 
York  City.  The  act  authorizes  the  department 
of  public  parks  to  remove  from  Bryant  park, 
at  Fifth  avenue  and  42d  street,  the  old  reser- 
voir now  occupying  the  east  end  of  that  park, 
"and  to  erect,  construct,  maintain,  equip  and 
furnish"  in  the  park  "or  in  or  upon  any  por- 
tion thereof,  a  suitable  and  appropriate  fire- 
proof building,  in  accordance  with  plans  to  be 
made  and  prepared  by  the  trustees  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
foundations,  and  to  be  approved  by  the  board 
of  estimate  and  apportionment  in  the  city." 
Upon  authorization  of  the  board  of  estimate 
and  apportionment,  city  stock  to  the  amount  of 
$2,500,000  shall  be  issued  and  sold  for  defray- 
ing the  cost  of  the  removal  of  the  reservoir  and 
the  erection  of  the  library  building. 

Since  the  consolidation  of  the  library  in  May, 
1895,  the  problems  in  connection  with  the  pro- 
posed building  have  been  under  consideration 
by  the  trustees,  and  since  the  introduction  of 
the  building  bill  into  the  assembly  in  February 
of  this  year,  plans  have  been  pushed  forward 
so  that  on  the  passage  of  the  act  the  library  au- 
thorities would  be  able  to  arrange  immediately 
for  the  preparation  of  plans.  The  preliminary 
arrangements  were  conducted  by  a  committee 
of  the  board,  composed  of  John  S.  Kennedy, 
John  Bigelow,  John  L.  Cadwalader,  S.  V. 
R.  Cruger,  Lewis  Cass  Ledyard,  Alexander 
Maitland,  arid  George  L.  Rives,  with  a  special 
advisory  committee  of  three,  Dr.  John  S.  Bil- 
lings, director  of  the  library,  Prof.  Ware,  of 
Columbia  University,  and  Bernard  R.  Green, 
superintendent  of  construction  of  the  Congres- 
sional Library  ;  and  so  effective  has  been  their 
work  that  it  was  possible  to  announce  the  in- 
tentions of  the  library  authorities  three  days 
after  the  bill  became  a  law. 

It  has  been  decided  to  obtain  the  plans  by 
means  of  two  consecutive  competitions,  the 
first  being  an  open  competition  in  which  only 
sketches  will  be  required,  the  second  a  re- 
stricted and  paid  competition,  for  which  finished 
drawings  will  be  made.  All  architects  having 
offices  or  places  of  business  within  the  limits  of 
Greater  New  York  are  invited  to  compete  in  the 
first  competition,  which  will  be  judged  by  Prof. 
Ware,  Mr.  Green,  and  Dr.  Billings,  who  will 
award  a  premium  of  $400  each  to  the  12  sketches 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


297 


considered  most  meritorious.  For  the  second 
competition,  the  committee  will  choose  six  of 
the  authors  of  the  12  sketches  selected  in  the 
first  competition,  and  will  add  to  them  six  other 
architects,  to  be  named  by  the  trustees  or  the 
committee,  who  shall  be  invited  to  participate 
in  the  second  competition  under  conditions 
framed  by  the  committee.  These  competitors 
will  be  paid  $800  each,  as  the  estimated  cost  of 
the  drawings  required,  and  the  plans  submitted 
shall  be  judged  by  a  jury  of  seven  persons,  con- 
sisting of  three  trustees,  the  director,  and  three 
practising  architects,  to  be  chosen  by  the  com- 
petitors. At  least  three  designs  shall  be  named 
by  the  jury,  in  order  of  excellence,  and  of  these 
one  shall  be  chosen  by  the  trustees  and  sub- 
mitted to  the  board  of  estimate  and  apportion- 
ment for  final  approval.  It  will  be  seen  that 
this  plan  provides,  in  the  first  competition, 
for  a  consideration  of  the  work  of  all  architect- 
ural aspirants,  while  in  the  second  competi- 
tion it  will  be  possible  to  include  well-known 
firms,  which  may  have  been  deterred  from 
prior  participation  by  reason  of  the  agree- 
ment entered  into  a  few  months  previously  by 
some  of  the  most  prominent  architects  of  New 
York  refusing  to  take  part  in  unpaid  competi- 
tions. 

The  problems  required  to  be  solved  in  the 
proposed  building,  the  main  requirements  to 
be  met,  and  the  limits  to  be  recognized,  were 
studied  in  careful  detail  by  Dr.  Billings,  Prof. 
Ware,  and  Mr.  Green,  who  have  prepared  sug- 
gestive plans  and  outlined  the  main  features 
desired,  for  the  guidance  of  the  competing 
architects.  At  a  special  meeting  of  the  trustees, 
held  May  19,  the  plans  of  the  committee  were 
submitted  and  approved  and  the  executive  com- 
mittee was  authorized  to  carry  out  the  arrange- 
ments with  such  modifications  in  matters  of 
detail  as  might  be  thought  desirable. 

The  details  and  conditions  of  the  preliminary 
competition  were  made  public  on  May  22. 
They  are  given  in  a  i6-page  pamphlet  and  are 
accompanied  by  the  suggestive  plans  prepared 
by  the  special  committee,  which  are  here  shown 
in  reduced  fac-simile. 

The  building,  which  is  to  be  built  for  not 
more  than  $1,700,000,  is  to  stand  on  the  site  of 
the  present  reservoir,  a  plot  about  482  by  455 
feet  in  diameter.  The  plans  prepared  by  the 
committee  show,  simply  and  clearly,  the  main 
features  to  be  considered,  and  will  repay  the 
careful  attention  of  librarians  who  are  but  too 
familiar  with  library  buildings  as  seen  by  archi- 
tects only.  These  plans  have  been  drawn  for 
a  building,  measuring  about  225  by  350  feet, 
estimated  to  serve  for  25  years  without  exten- 
sion, with  a  book  capacity  of  1,250,000  volumes 
in  the  main  stack,  and  accommodation  for  800 
readers  in  the  main  reading-room.  The  loca- 
tion suggested  is  about  75  feet  from  Fifth  avenue 
and  about  50  feet  from  4oth  and  42d  streets, 
thus  allowing  the  book-stack  at  the  back  to  ex- 
tend to  the  open  portions  of  the  park  and  leav- 
ing ample  space  for  future  enlargement.  The 
stacks,  it  will  be  seen,  are  planned  as  a  single, 
compact  parallelogram,  forming,  as  it  were,  the 
backbone  of  the  structure,  and  occupying  the 


two  stories  above  the  basement.  On  the  third 
story,  directly  over  the  stack,  is  placed  the  great 
reading-room.  "  This  arrangement  is  suggested 
so  as  to  give  the  reading-rooms  the  maximum 
amount  of  light,  to  bring  the  stacks  into  easy  and 
direct  communication  with  them,  and  to  allow  of 
the  extension  of  the  building  toward  the  west  at 
some  future  day,  by  enlarging  both  the  stacks 
and  the  reading-rooms  simultaneously  and  pro- 
portionately, with  a  comparatively  small  en 
largement  of  the  portions  of  the  building  de- 
voted to  administrative  and  other  uses."  The 
method  of  this  future  enlargement  is  shown  by 
the  dotted  lines  in  the  diagrams,  which  indicate 
the  construction  of  two  rear  courts,  similar  to 
the  two  central  courts  around  which  the  build- 
ing is  planned,  and  which  would  permit  the 
addition  of  stack-rooms,  reading-rooms,  and 
other  departments,  on  lines  exactly  similar 
to  those  already  existing,  bringing-  the  total 
book  capacity  of  the  building  up  to  about 
3,000,000  volumes  and  doubling  its  reading, 
room  facilities. 

Taking  up  the  several  plans  in  order,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  basement  is  given  up  almost 
entirely  to  what  may  be  called  the  heavy 
machinery  of  the  library.  Besides  the  boiler- 
rooms,  engine-rooms,  ventilating  apparatus  and 
storage  facilities,  provision  is  here  made  for  a 
printing  plant,  where  bulletins,  special  lists, 
etc.,  may  be  published,  and  for  a  bindery.  On 
the  Fifth  avenue  front,  space  is  assigned  to 
lunch-rooms,  for  the  use  of  the  library  force 
or  readers.  This  is  an  interesting  innovation 
in  American  library  plans,  though  library  res- 
taurants exist  in  connection  with  the  British 
Museum  and  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  and  a 
similar  feature  has  been  suggested  for  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress.  On  the  4Oth  street  side, 
facing  a  driveway  for  carts,  are  found  rooms 
for  packing,  exchange  and  issue  of  books  to 
branch  libraries,  and  with  these  rooms  the 
stack-room,  which  here  occupies  about  half  the 
space  assigned  to  it  on  the  floors  above,  is 
directly  connected. 

On  the  first  floor  are  found  those  departments 
in  which  the  general  public  comes  into  most 
constant  contact  with  the  library.  The  main 
public  entrance  is  at  the  Fifth  avenue  front, 
and  is  flanked  on  either  side  by  the  children's 
department  and  the  periodical  reading-room. 
Beyond  these  are  the  patent-room  and  the  pub- 
lic documents  room.  Another  public  entrance 
is  placed  at  the  42d  street  side,  between  which 
and  the  main  entrance  are  the  public  coat  and 
toilet  rooms.  From  this  entrance  direct  access 
is  had  on  one  side  to  a  lecture-room,  on  the 
other  to  the  public  documents  room,  and  in  front 
to  the  newspaper  reading-room.  On  the  4Oth 
street  side  is  a  private  entrance,  about  which 
are  grouped  the  visitors'-room,  receiving-room, 
the  work-rooms  and  reception-room  for  em- 
ployes, and  the  rooms  of  the  business  superin- 
tendent. Directly  in  the  centre  and  opening 
from  the  main  entrance  is  the  large  delivery- 
room,  extending  up  through  the  second  story, 
lighted  on  either  side  by  the  great  central 
courts,  and  opening  at  the  rear  directly  upon 
the  stack-room.  The  newspaper  reading-room 


298 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


connects   with   the    delivery-room,   and    opens 
upon  the  42d  street  entrance. 

The  second  floor  might  be  called  the  special 
libraries  floor,  for  here  ample  provision  is  made 
for  separate  collections,  rare  books,  mss.,  etc. 
A  class-room  for  the  use  of  teachers,  or  of  the 
library  staff,  directly  connected  with  a  small 
reading-room,  is  found  on  the  left  of  the  central 
stairway  and  elevators,  and  on  the  right  is  the 
library  for  the  blind  and  a  public  toilet-room. 
On  the  4Oth  street,  or  administrative,  side  are 
the  director's  and  trustees'  room,  the  ordering, 
cataloging,  and  accession  rooms,  and  a  private 
toilet-room. 

The  third  floor  centres  in  the  great  T-shaped 
reading-room,  extending  over  the  stack  and 
delivery  rooms,  abundantly  lighted  on  four 
sides,  and  connected  with  the  stacks  below  by 
a  central  oblong  well  up  and  down  which 
books  are  conveyed  by  carriers.  This  well  ex- 
tends through  the  stack-rooms  to  the  basement 
and  affords  immediate  communication  through- 
out the  several  stories.  At  either  end  of  the 
reading-room  are  the  newspaper  store-room 
and  a  room  to  be  devoted  to  "  public  comfort  " 
—  a  most  attractive  and  suggestive  title.  On 
this  floor  also  are  special  study-rooms,  a  photo- 
graphic-room, and  ample  space  as  yet  unas- 
signed,  but  in  which  provision  will  be  made  for 
exhibitions,  art  collections,  etc. 

It  will  be  seen  that  all  rooms  connected  with 
the  routine  work  of  the  library  are  grouped  as 
closely  as  possible,  and  are  connected  in  regular 
sequence.  Thus,  directly  over  the  issue  and 
packing  room  is  the  receiving-room,  while  be- 
low that  are  the  ordering,  cataloging,  and  ac- 
cessions room,  all  being  directly  connected  by 
elevator  service.  Each  floor  of  the  building 
coincides  with  the  level  of  the  floors  of  the  book- 
stack,  which  are  from  seven  to  seven-and-a-half 
feet  apart.  This  would  make  the  basement 
and  lower  stories  of  the  building  from  14  to  15 
feet  in  height,  if  two  stacks  high,  and  from  21 
to  224  feet  if  three  stacks  high. 

In  presenting  this  outline  scheme  of  the  build- 
ing, the  trustees  emphasize  the  fact  that  it  is 
offered  only  as  a  suggestion  and  that  competi- 
tors are  requested  and  desired  to  modify  or 
change  it  according  to  their  individual  judg- 
ment. In  particular  it  is  thought  that  it  may 
be  desirable  "to  give  the  building  greater  di- 
mensions, north  and  south,  than  are  indicated 
in  the  diagram,"  and  it  is  also  recommended 
that  competitors  who  adhere  to  the  suggestive 
plans  should  also  submit  an  alternative  design 
"showing  the  public  reading-rooms  on  the  first 
floor,  instead  of  on  the  third,  and  giving  the 
building  perhaps  greater  extension  on  the 
ground,  and  fewer  stories  in  height." 

Naturally,  the  suggestive  plans  put  forth  by 
the  library  authorities  have  been  received  with 
conflicting  opinions  by  architects  interested. 
So  far,  three  questions  of  importance  have  been 
raised.  The  first  relates  to  the  advisability  of 
placing  the  main  reading-room  in  the  third 
story  instead  of  on  the  first  floor.  The  argu- 
ments against  this  are  briefly  (i)  that  a  first- 
floor  reading-room  is  more  immediately  acces- 
sible and  more  generally  used  by  old  persons  or 


by  hurried  visitors  than  a  room  which  must  be 
reached  by  stairs  or  elevators,  and  (2)  that  a 
great  central  first-floor  reading-room,  lighted 
from  above,  extending  up  to  a  dome,  and  lined 
with  books,  is  by  far  the  more  impressive  and 
magnificent  in  its  effect^  as  is  witnessed  by  the 
British  Museum  and  the  Congressional  Library. 
On  the  other  hand,  a  reading-room  such  as  is 
shown  in  the  suggestive  plans  possesses  the  ab- 
solute advantages  (i)of  freedom  from  the  noise 
and  dust  of  the  street,  (2)  avoidance  of  waste 
space,  as  in  the  lofty  dome  of  a  first-floor  room 
where  practical  utility  is  sacrificed  to  architect- 
ural effect,  and  (3)  direct  and  simple  connection 
with  the  stacks,  without  elaborate  time-wasting 
machinery  ;  while  the  elevators  provided  for 
would  annul  the  argument  of  inaccessibility. 

A  second  question  is  whether  the  suggested 
method  of  extension  is  the  most  practicable  one, 
or  whether  it  may  not  be  possible  to  devise 
other  and  more  effective  provision  for  future 
enlargement.  The  other  objection  raised  by 
architects  to  the  trustees'  scheme  is  that  the  sug- 
gestive plans  call  for  a  building  too  large  for 
the  money  ;  that  is,  that  should  this  scheme 
be  followed,  the  sum  named  will  cover  simply 
the  cost  of  erection,  and  will  allow  no  margin 
for  lavish  interior  decoration.  From  the  library 
point  of  view,  this  argument  has  little  force, 
for,  public  opinion  to  the  contrary  notwithstand- 
ing, the  chief  purpose  of  a  library  building  is  to 
adequately  house  a  library  ;  but,  popularly,  the 
objection  has  weight. 

To  these  questions,  and  to  all  others  that  may 
arise  in  connection  with  the  proposed  building, 
the  library  authorities  are  anxious  to  give  the 
fullest  and  most  thorough  consideration,  and 
they  desire  to  obtain  the  judgment  and  sugges- 
tions of  all  competent  to  consider  the  subject. 
With  this  in  view,  it  has  been  arranged  to  give 
part  of  one  session  of  the  Philadelphia  con- 
ference to  a  presentation  and  discussion  of  the 
proposed  plans.  Dr.  Billings  will  then  describe 
in  some  detail  the  suggestive  plans,  which  will 
be  presented  for  inspection,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
a  general  and  helpful  discussion  may  be 
elicited. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  work  of  obtaining  final 
plans  for  the  building  may  be  pushed  forward 
without  delay.  July  15  is  the  date  set  for  the 
close  of  the  preliminary  competition.  The  de- 
tails of  the  second  competition  will  probably  be 
announced  early  in  August,  and  by  November 
it  is  hoped  that  the  successful  design  will  have 
been  chosen,  and  the  way  opened  for  practical 
and  definite  work. 

The  following  is  the  schedule  of  the  rooms 
which  must  be  provided  in  the  plans  submitted' 

1.  Stack-room  for  1,200,000  volumes,  8  vol- 
umes  per  lineal   foot,    150,000   linear   feet   of 
shelving   would   be   needed,   averaging   seven 
shelves  to  each  story. 

2.  Reading-rooms.  —  In     the    three     public 
reading-rooms  space  for  at  least  800  readers 
will  be  required,  with  an  allowance  of  30  square 
feet  per  reader,  exclusive  of  space  required  for 
catalogs  and  reference  shelving,  or  about  26,800 
square  feet  in  all.    This  space  should  be  divided 
into  three  rooms,   so  arranged  that  only  one 


£ 

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i  ? 


BINDING  RM 


PRINTING  R'A\ 


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PACKING 


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June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


301 


need  be  used  at  a  time,  but  that  all  can  readily 
be  served  from  one  delivery-counter,  which 
should  be  central  and  close  to  the  main  stacks. 

There  must  be  at  least  2500  feet  (linear) 
of  shelving  for  free  reference-books  in  these 
rooms,  and  the  card  catalog,  occupying  at  least 
150  square  feet,  must  be  provided  for  near 
the  delivery-desk.  In  all  the  reading-rooms 
and  wherever  shelving  is  required,  it  must  not 
be  more  than  seven  shelves  in  height.  This 
gives  seven  feet  of  shelving  for  each  running 
foot  of  wall  space.  Where  there  is  not  enough 
wall  space  for  the  amount  of  shelving  called  for, 
stacks  of  double  shelves,  back  to  back,  may  be 
employed,  either  projecting  from  the  walls,  or 
standing  free  in  the  room. 

The  ceilings  of  the  reading-rooms  should  be 
kept  as  low  as  is  consistent  with  pleasing  pro- 
portions. There  should  be  no  waste  spaces  to 
be  heated  and  kept  clean. 

3.  Periodical-room,   4000  square   feet ;    1000 
linear  feet   of  shelving.     This   room   must  be 
upon  the  first  floor. 

4.  Newspaper-room,  about  4000  square  feet 
area. 

5.  Newspaper  store-room,  5000  square  feet. 

6.  Map-room,  900  square  feet. 

7.  Patents-room,   2500  feet  of  shelving  ;    25 
readers,  3000  square  feet. 

8.  Public  document  rooms,  3000  square  feet. 

9.  Children's  room,  1500  square  feet  to  2000 
square  feet;  1000  feet  of  shelving;  50  readers. 

10.  Library  for  the  blind,  800  square  feet;  20 
readers;  125  feet  of  shelving. 

11.  Special  reading-rooms,  five  or  six  rooms 
each,  with  1000  feet  of   shelving  ;    about  1800 
square  feet  —  9000  square  feet. 

12.  Manuscript  department,  one  store-room, 
600  square  feet;  one  reading-room  for  six  read- 
ers, 240  square  feet;  one  librarian's  room,  240 
square  feet. 

13.  Music-room,   1600  feet  of  shelving  ;   800 
square  feet. 

14.  Bible-room,    1200  feet  of  shelving  ;    800 
square  feet;  six  readers. 

15.  Special  work-rooms  for  special  students, 
eight,  each  150  square  feet  — 1200  square  feet ; 
each  with  100  linear  feet  of  shelving. 

16.  Lending  delivery-room — delivery-counter 
at  least  40  feet  long;  seats  for  too  waiting;  5000 
feet  of  shelving;  catalog  space,  bulletin  boards; 
about  5000  square  feet. 

The  stock  of  books  in  this  room  should  be 
close  to  the  main  stack,  and  have  machine  com- 
munication with  the  delivery-desks  in  the  main 
reading-rooms.  This  room  must  be  upon  the 
first  floor. 

17.  Picture  gallery,  5000  square  feet.     (The 
Lenox  Gallery  is  40  by  56  feet.) 

18.  Stuart  collection  room,  5000  square  feet, 
must  be  connected  with  the  picture  gallery  and 
on  the  same  floor. 

19.  An  exhibition-room  for  the   History   of 
printing,  etc.,  5000  square  feet. 

20.  1 'holograph-rooms,  500  square  feet.    Top 
floor,   skylight  to  north,   dark    room,   printing 
room. 

21.  Trustees'   room,    800-1000    square   feet, 


near  the  director's  rooms,  with  a  large  safe  for 
the  secretary. 

22.  Director's  rooms. — One  office  for  secre- 
tary and  stenographer,  900  square  feet ;  one 
private  room  with  lavatory,   300  square  feet. 
Near  to  trustees'  room,  also  to  order-room. 

This  must  come  between  the  public  and  the 
administrative  part. 

23.  Order   and    checking    department,    2600 
square  feet  ;    300  feet  of  shelving.      Between 
director's  office  and  cataloging-room. 

24.  Cataloging-room,  2800  square  feet ;  looo 
feet  of  shelving.     To  connect  easily  with  order- 
room,    receiving-room,     accessions-room,    and 
stacks.      Cloak-room  and  lavatory  for  women 
appended. 

25.  Receiving-room  for  books,   1500  square 
feet  ;   600  feet  of  shelving.     To  connect  with 
packing  and  delivery  rooms  and  with  catalog- 
ing-room, either  directly  or  by  elevator. 

26.  Accessions  department,  1800  square  feet ; 
two  rooms  for  stamping,  labelling,  etc.     Main 
office,   150  feet  of  shelving.     To  connect  with 
cataloging-room,  with  stacks,  and  with  binding 
department  by  lift. 

27.  Packing  and  delivery  room,  500  feet  of 
shelving.    Easy  connection  with  receiving-room 
and  with  duplicate-room  ;  also  with  store-room 
for  boxes  in  basement.     1600  square  feet. 

28.  Duplicate  and  exchange  room,  50  feet  by 
60  feet ;  3000  square  feet ;   4000  linear  feet  of 
shelving.     Easy  connection  with  packing-room 
and  with  stack. 

29.  Binding   department,    2400   square   feet, 
with  stock-room,  250  square  feet. 

30.  Printing  office,  1200  square  feet.     Stock- 
room, 200  square  feet. 

31.  Business     superintendent's     office,     400 
square  feet,  two  rooms,  safe  in  one.     To  be  »n 
the  main  floor,  near  the  entrance. 

32.  The  reception-rooms,  one  for  staff,  600 
square  feet.     One  for  visitors,  600  square  feet. 

33.  Women's  room   for  visitors,  200  square 
feet,  with  lavatory. 

34.  Lunch-rooms,   one   for   boy   and   attend- 
ants, one  for  librarians  and  assistant  librarians, 
etc.     Basement,  800  square  feet. 

35.  Two  cloak  and  parcel  rooms,  600  square 
feet.     To  be  in  main  hall. 

36.  Stock  and    store    room,    general.      400 
square  feet. 

37.  Eight  or  10  rooms  of  about  200  square 
feet  each,  for  store-rooms  and  special  work- 
rooms— 1600  square  feet. 

38.  Public  telephone   room,  60  square  feet. 
Main  hall. 

39.  Engineers'   department.  —  Boiler-r»oms, 
dynamo-room,  workshop,  engine-room,  living- 
rooms  for  janitor  —  30,000  square  feet. 

40.  Lecture-room,  to  seat  about  600;    4000 
square  feet. 

41.  Class-room,  to  scat  about  150;  850  square 
feet.     To  be  near  the  director's  room. 

42.  Lavatories  for  staff  and   the   public  on 
main  and  second  floors. 

43.  Elevators,  two  or  more,  for  use  of  public 
in  main  hall  ;    one  in  administrative  portion  ; 
book-lifts. 


302 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  "97 


PORTRAIT   INDEX. 

PRELIMINARY   LIST   OF   BOOKS   TO   BE   INDEXED. 
Continued. 

*Eclectic  magazine. 

Ellet.    Queens  of  American  society.     Ph.  1867. 
English  art  in  the  public  galleries  of  London.     1888. 
English  illustrated  magazine. 
Etcher.     L.  1879-63. 
*Eton  portrait  gallery.    L.  1876. 
*European  magazine. 

Kwald.     Disraeli  and  his  times,    a  v.    L.  1882. 
*Fea.    Flight  of  the  king.    L.  1897. 
Ferris.    Great  leaders.    N.  Y.  1889. 
fine  art  quarterly  review.     1866-67. 
Fiske.    Amer.  revolution.    Illus.  ed.    B.  1896. 
'Fitzgerald.    The  Kembles.    2  v. 
Fontenoy.    Revelation  of  high  life.    1892. 
*Foppen's  Bibliotheca  Belgica.    Brux.  1739. 

Fournel.     Lcs  artistes  franyais  contemporains.     1884. 
*La  f ranee  illuttre'. 
*Freherus.    Theatram.    1688. 
Galerie  contemporaine  litteraire  et  artistique.    2  v.    P. 

187;-. 

*Galerie  historique  de  la  revolution  francaise.    P.  n.  d. 
Galerie  hist,  des  hommcs  celebres.    13  v.    P.  1805-11. 
*Galleria  degli  antichi  greci  e  romani.    Poschiaro  1783. 
*Gallery  of  British  portraits.    L.  1838. 
Garrison,  W:  L.    Story  of  his  life.    4  v.    N.  Y.  1885. 
Gavard.    Galeries  historiques  de  Versailles.    13  v.    P. 

1838. 

*Gazette  des  beaux  arts.     P.  1859-95. 
*Gems  of  the  Dresden  gallery.    B.  1877. 
*Godey"s  lady's  magazine. 
*Gostwick.    English  poets.    N.  Y.  1875. 
German  poets.    N.  Y.  1874. 
*Gower.    Historic  galleries  of  England.    4  v.  in  2.    L. 

1883. 

*Graham.    Annals  of  the  earls  of  Stair.    2  v. 
*Grand  magazine. 

Granger.    TJiog.  hist,  of  England.    6  v.    L.  1824. 
Green.    Lives  of  the  princesses  of  England.    6  v.    L. 

1850-55. 
Green  bag. 
Grimm.  Life  of  Michael  Angelo.  Holiday  ed.  2  v. 

B.  1896. 

*Griswold's  Republican  court. 
*Gruyer.    Voyage  autour  du  Salon  carre  au  Muse'e  du 

Louvre.    P.  1891. 

Guiffrey.    A.  van  Dyck,  sa  vie  et  son  osuvre.    P.  1882. 
*Guizot.    L'histoire  de  France.    P.  1875. 
H.  B.    Political  sketches.    L. 
Hamerton.     Man  in  art.     L.  1892. 

Etching  and  etchers.    L.  1880. 
*Hamjlton.    Memoirs  of  De  Grammont.    L.  1885. 
Hamilton  palace  collection.    Illustrated  priced  catalogue. 

P.  and  L.  1882. 
*Hanfstaengl.    Galerie  in  Dresden.    6  v.    Dresden  1836- 

51- 

Hare.    Story  of  my  life.    3  v.    L.  1896 ;  2  v.    N.  Y.  1896. 
* Harper's  monthly. 

Harper's  -weekly. 

*Howard.    Biographical  illustrations.    L.  1830. 
Healy.    Reminiscences  of  a  portrait  painter.    Chic.  1894. 
Henley  <x*</Walker.    Century  of  artists.    Glasgow  1889. 
•Historical,  biographical,  literary  and  scientific    maga- 
zine. 
*Historical  gallery  of  portraits  and  paintings.    3  v.    L. 

1835- 
*Hofman.    Portraits  historiques  des  hommes  illustres  de 

Dannemark.    n.  p.  1746. 
*Holbein.    Windsor  collection  of.  drawings  by  Holbein. 

2  v.    L.  1877. 

Hole.    Quasi  cursores.    Edin.  1884. 
*Holland.    Heroplogia  anglica. 

Hollar.    Portraits  of  celebrated  courtesans.    L.  1877. 
Holloway.    Ladies  of  the  White  House.    Ph.  1886. 
Hoppner.    Bygone  beauties.    L.  1803. 
Hundred  greatest  men.    8  v.  in  4.    L.  1879. 
*Huart.    Galerie  de  la  presse.    3  v.    P.  1839-41. 
Hubert.    Inventions.    N.  Y.  1896. 
Hueffer.    Ford  Madox  Brown.    L.  1896. 
Hume.    Year  after  the  Armada.    L.  1896. 

"        Courtships  of  Queen  Elizabeth.    L.  1896. 
Hunt.    Lives  of  Amer.  merchants.    2  v.    N.  Y.  1856. 
Hutton.    Portraits  in  plaster.    N.  Y.  1894. 

*  Have  been  already  indexed  or  provided  for. 


*Hymans.    Bruxelles  &  travers  les  ages.    2  v.    Brux.  18-. 
* Illustrated  London  news. 

lllustrirte  zeitung. 

Imperial  dictionary  of  universal  biog.    16  v.    L.  1864-66. 

*  Imperial  magazine. 

*  Inter  national  magazine. 

Jahrbuch    der    kunsthistorischen    sammlung  des  aller 

hochsten  kaiserhauses.    16  v.    Wien  1882-95. 
*Jahrbuch  d.  Kon.  Preus.  kunstsammlungen.    15  v.    Ber- 
lin 1880-94. 

James.    Naval  history  of  Great  Britain.    6  v.    L.  1886. 

*Jameson.    Beauties  of  the  court  of  Charles  n.    2  v.    1838. 

Janitschek.    Geschichte  der  dcutschen  malerei.    Berlin 

1886. 

*Jefferson.    Autobiography.    1890. 
Jesse.    Life  of  G.  Brummell.    2  v.    L.  1886. 

"       George  Selwyn  and  his  contemporaries.     4  v. 
N.  Y.  1882* 
Johnson.    Lives  of  the  poets ;  ed.  by  Waugh.    6  v.    L. 

1896. 

Johnstone.    Leading  women  of  the  restoration.    L.  1892. 
*Jones.    Illustrated  Amer.  biography.    N.  Y.  1853. 
Jusserand.    A  French  ambassador  at  the  court  of  Charles 

n.    L.  1892. 

*Karpeles.    Geschichte  der  litteratur. 
Kay.     Series  of  original  portraits  and  caricature  etch- 
ings.   2  v.    Edin.  1877. 
*Kit  Cat  club.    Memoirs.    L.  1821. 
* Knickerbocker  magazine. 
^Ladies  monthly  museum. 
Lander  Oesterreich-Ungarns  in  wort  und  bild. 
Lang.    Life  of  J.  G.  Lockhart.    1896. 

"        Pickle  the  spy.    L.  1897. 
*Laurent.    Musde  royal.    2  v.    P.  1816. 
*Lavater.    Essai  sur  la  physiognomic.    3  v. 

Lee.    Roman  imperial  profiles.    L.  1874. 
*Legouve.    Les  hommes  c^lebres  de  1'Italie.    P.  1845. 

Lehmann.    Men  and  women  of  the  century.    L.  1896. 
*Lempertz.     Bilder-hefte.    1853-65. 
Lenbach.    Zeitgenossiche  bildnisse.     Munchen  1896. 
Lester.    Gallery  of  illustrious  Americans.    N.  Y.  1850. 
Les  lettres  et  les  arts.    16  v.     P.  1886-89. 
Linton.    Hist,  of  wood  engraving  in  America.    B.  1882. 

"          Masters  of  wood  engraving.    1889. 
Lives  of  British  physicians.    L.  1830. 
Lives  of  British  statesmen  (Lardner's  cabinet  cyclopae- 
dia).   7  v.    L.  1831-39. 
*Lives  of  eminent  .  .  .  characters  ...  in  the  counties  of 

Essex,  Suffolk  and  Norfolk.    L.  1820. 
*Livingston.    Portraits  of  eminent  Americans.    2  v.    N. 

Y.  1853. 

*Litielfs  living  age. 
*Le  Livre. 
*Lodge.    Portraits  of  illustrious  personages.    12  v.    L. 

1835. 

*London  magazine. 
"Longacre.     National  portrait  gallery  of  distinguished 

Americans.    4  v.    Phil.  1835-39. 
*Lonsdale.    Worthies  of  Cumberland.      The  Howards. 

L.  18-. 
Lund  and  Anderson.      Danske  malede  portraeter  Kjob. 

1895-96. 
Llitzow.    Geschichte  deutschen  kupferstiches  und  holz- 

schnittes.    Berlin  1889. 
McKay  and  Wingate.    Famous  Amer.  actors  of  to-day. 

N.  Y.  1856. 
Maclise.    Gallery  of  illustrious  literary  characters.     L. 

1873. 

McClure's  magazine. 
Magazine  of  American  history. 
^Magazine  of  art.     L. 
Magazine  of  fine  arts.     4  v.     L.  1832-34. 
Magazine  of  western  history. 
*Mahan.    Life  of  Nelson.    2  v.    B.  1897. 
*Malcolm.    Lives  of  topographers. 
*Malvasia.    Felsinapittrise.    Bologna  1678. 
van  Mander.    Livre  des  peintres.    2  v.    P.  1884. 
*Marchmont  and  the  Humes  of  Polworth. 
*Marrini.      Serie  di  ritratti  .  .  .  nel  museo  Fiorentino. 

2  v.  in  i.    Firenze  1765. 
* Massachusetts  magazine. 
*Men  of  mark.    5  v.    L.  1876-81. 
*Mitchell.    Amer.  lands  and  letters.    N.  Y.  1897. 
Modern  Plutarch.    4  v.    L.  1806-7. 

Moke.    Les  splendeurs  de  1'art  en  Belgique.    Brux.  1848. 
*Mongez.     Tableaux  de  la  galerie  de  Florence  et  du 

palais  Pitti.     P.  1789. 

*Monke.    Serie  di  ritratti  .  .  .  nell'  imperial  galleria  di 
Firenze.    4  v.    Firenze  1752. 

(To  be  continued?) 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


3°3 


THE   QUESTION   OF   INDEXES. 

IN  the  March  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL Mr.  Tillinghast  suggests  that  the  co-opera- 
tion committee  of  the  A.  L.  A.  undertake  the 
indexing  of  books.  The  work  that  this  com- 
mittee has  done  in  the  preparation  of  the  "  An- 
nual literary  indexes"  and  the  "A.  L.  A.  Index 
to  general  literature,"  would  make  it  seem  un- 
advisable  to  criticise  their  action.  But  it  seems 
to  me  that  the  question  of  indexing  books  had 
better  be  left  to  the  publishers  of  those  books. 

An  index,  to  be  of  any  service  —  unless  it  be 
of  a  general  nature,  like  the  "A.  L.  A.  Index  "  — 
should  be  with  the  book  or  set  of  books  to  which 
it  refers.  It  would  be  difficult  for  the  commit- 
tee to  publish  these  indexes  in  such  a  manner 
that  they  could  be  conveniently  placed  with  their 
respective  books.  This  difficulty,  however, 
might  be  overcome. 

A  more  important  consideration  is  that  the 
responsibility  of  compiling  a  proper  index 
should  rightly  rest  entirely  with  the  publisher. 
As  it  is,  most  publishers  do  not  sufficiently 
realize  their  responsibility  in  this  matter.  If 
they  find  that  the  American  Library  Association 
is  willing  to  relieve  them  of  the  little  they  do 
feel,  I  fear  they  will  stop  publishing  indexes 
altogether.  It  appears  to  me  that  our  energies 
should  take  a  different  direction.  The  Ameri- 
can Library  Association  should  endeavor  to 
bring  sufficient  pressure  to  bear  upon  publish- 
ers to  cause  them  to  realize  that  a  book  that  is 
published  without  an  index  is  as  incomplete  as 
a  book  that  is  published  without  a  cover  or  a 
title-page.  When  they  realize  this  they  will 
begin  to  make  the  indexes  themselves,  and  thus 
save  the  American  Library  Association  the  con- 
templated trouble  and  expense. 

The  only  way  to  make  business  men  appreci- 
ate matters  of  this  kind  is  through  their  pocket- 
books.  As  long  as  a  publisher  can  demand  as 
much  for  a  book  without  an  index  as  for  a  book 
with  an  index,  and  make  as  many  sales  of  the 
former  as  of  the  latter,  he  will  not  go  to  the 
trouble  and  expense  of  publishing  an  index. 
But  if  it  were  generally  understood  among  pub- 
lishers that  librarians  often  refused  to  buy 
books  that  were  not  properly  indexed,  they 
would  give  this  question  more  attention.  It 
may  be  impossible  to  refuse  to  keep  Spencer  or 
Huxley  because  they  are  not  adequately  in- 
dexed, but  it  is  certainly  possible  to  refuse  to 
buy  a  great  many  books  for  a  similar  reason, 
and  to  acquaint  publishers  with  this  fact.  I 
know  of  one  librarian,  at  least,  who  has  refused 
to  purchase  any  more  copies  of  "Little  Lord 
Fauntleroy "  on  account  of  the  abominable 
paper  which  is  used  in  it  and  the  high  price 
that  is  charged  for  it. 

Therefore,  I  would  suggest,  to  use  plain  lan- 
guage, to  institute  a  boycott  against  all  books 
that  are  inadequately  indexed,  and  while  we 
are  about  it.  we  might  extend  the  same  treat- 
ment to  those  books  which  are  poorly  made. 
How  far  it  will  be  possible  to  carry  this  boycott 
is  a  question  that  experience  alone  can  solve, 
but  I  am  confident  that  if  it  is  pushed  even  a 
•mall  way,  and  publishers  are  acquainted  with 
the  fact,  it  will  be  prolific  of  good  results. 

FRANCIS  D.  TANDY. 


LIBRARY  BENEFACTIONS  OF  ANDREW 
CARNEGIE. 

THE  following  list  of  the  libraries  founded  or 
aided  by  Andrew  Carnegie  has  been  prepared 
by  W:  M.  Stevenson,  librarian  of  the  Carnegie 
Library  of  Allegheny,  Pa.,  in  compiling  the 
forthcoming  "  Handbook  "  of  that  library: 
Pittsburg,  Carnegie  Library  and 

branches $1,100,000 

Pittsburg,  art  gallery  and  museums, 

endowment  fund 1,000,000 

Allegheny  City,   Carnegie  Free   Li- 
brary        300,000 

Homestead,   Carnegie  Free  Library 

(now  building) 250,000 

Braddock,  Carnegie  Free  Library...        250,000 
Dunfermline,     Scotland,      Carnegie 

Public  Library 250,000 

Edinburgh,  Scotland,  Public  Library 

(aided) 250,000 

Johnstown,    Cambria    Free   Library 

(original  destroyed  by  flood) 60,000 

Fairfield,  la.,  Carnegie  Free  Library         50,000 
Ayr,  Scotland,  Carnegie  Public   Li- 
brary          50,000 

Inverness,    Scotland,    Carnegie    Li- 
brary          50,000 

Wick,   Scotland,  Carnegie   Free   Li- 
brary           20,000 

Total $3,630,000 


THE  NEW  LIBRARY  BUILDING  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. 

THAT  Illinois  should  have  at  its  state  univer- 
sity a  library  building  worthy  of  comparison 
with  our  best  university  libraries  is  matter  for 
state  pride  and  a  good  omen  for  the  cause  of 
education  in  the  great  central  west.  Else- 
where is  shown  a  view  of  the  new  building, 
which  was  dedicated  on  June  8,  with  an  address 
by  Mr.  Melvil  Dewey. 

To  the  school  of  architecture  of  the  university 
was  assigned  the  task  of  preparing  designs 
suitable  for  a  library  for  the  university,  and 
Mr.  Grant  C.  Miller,  a  recent  graduate  and 
subsequently  a  fellow,  was  the  author  of  the 
plans  finally  selected  by  the  trustees.  Pink 
Minnesota  sandstone  forms  the  building  materi- 
al, surmounted  by  a  red  tile  roof.  The  style 
is  Romanesque,  with  a  pleasant  suggestion  of 
Richardson's  manner  in  the  massive  square 
tower  and  broadly-arched  entrance.  The  main 
floor  is  reached  by  a  few  broad  steps  and  is 
devoted  entirely  to  library  uses,  having  two 
large  and  finely-lighted  reading-rooms  opening 
to  the  right  and  left  of  the  entrance-hall  or  de- 
livery-room. The  latter  is  surmounted  by  a 
richly-ornamented  rotunda.  From  the  delivery- 
desk  nearly  all  parts  of  the  library  arc  in  view, 
while  the  librarian's  room,  cloak-room,  recep- 
tion-room, and  periodical-room  open  off  from 
this  central  entrance-hall.  Exterior  ornamenta- 
tion and  carving,  interior  frescoes,  mosaic 
floors,  ornamental  ironwork,  balustrades  and 
railings  are  artistic  and  pleasing  in  the  extreme. 
Forced  draught  and  an  automatically  regulated 
temperature  will  insure  perfect  ventilation  and 


3°4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


an  unvarying  temperature  in  winter.  The  book- 
stack,  forming  a  rear  wing,  and  to  be  event- 
ually seven  stories  in  height,  each  story  seven 
feet  high,  is  the  work  of  the  Library  Bureau. 
Its  capacity  is  150,000  v.,  while  certain  rooms  in 
the  third  story,  now  used  as  offices  of  university 
administration,  can,  at  some  future  time  if 
needed,  be  used  for  the  storage  of  books.  The 
entire  building  is  fireproof,  and  its  dimensions 
are  167  by  113  feet,  the  height  of  the  tower 
being  132  feet.  The  cost  of  the  building,  when 
fully  completed  and  furnished,  will  be  about 
$165,000. 

Miss  Katharine  L.  Sharp  has  been  appointed 
librarian,  and  she  will  start  a  library  school  in 
the  fall,  having  two  assistants  to  aid  her  in  her 
duties.  Miss  Sharp's  work  at  the  Armour  In- 
stitute, Chicago,  is  too  well  known  to  call  for 
mention  here.  The  discontinuance  of  the  li- 
brary school  at  the  Armour  Institute  has  en- 
abled the  University  of  Illinois  to  secure  her 
services.  The  library  already  has  over  30,000 
volumes,  and  will  be  rapidly  added  to,  it  is 
hoped,  by  biennial  appropriations  of  $20,000. 

That  this  new  building  may  stand  to  its  own 
and  to  neighboring  universities  in  our  still 
young  and  materialistic  west  as  a  promise  and 
index  of  sound  scholarship  and  high  education- 
al ideals,  is  the  hope  of  all  those  who  believe 
that  a  university  or  college  should  appeal  to  the 
world  through  its  laboratories,  its  library,  and 
the  approved  but  unostentatious  scholarship  of 
its  instructors,  rather  than  through  its  ball-nine, 
its  athletic  field,  or  its  boat-crew.  Any  ten- 
dency to  cheap  and  flashy  methods  and  any  over- 
insistence  upon  quick  results  should  be  discour- 
aged by  the  sight  of  this  massive  and  dignified 
structure,  built  in  the  cause  of  higher  education 
and  designed  to  last  for  decades  if  not  for  cen- 
turies. PERCY  F.  BICKNELL. 


THE  ATLANTA   LIBRARY   MEETING. 

ON  Monday,  May  31,  the  Atlanta  Woman's 
Club  held  a  library  meeting,  at  which  the  im- 
portance of  library  development  in  the  state 
was  forcibly  presented.  The  meeting  was  pre- 
ceded in  the  morning  by  the  organization  of  a 
state  library  club,  under  the  effective  direction 
of  Miss  Wallace,  of  the  Young  Men's  Library, 
a  full  report  of  which  is  given  elsewhere  in  this 
issue  (see  p.  309),  and  the  afternoon  was  de- 
voted to  a  general  library  meeting  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Woman's  Club,  attended  by  the 
library  committee  of  the  state  federation  of 
women's  clubs,  the  visiting  librarians,  and  a 
large  number  of  club  members. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Mrs.  J. 
K.  Ottley,  president  of  the  club,  who  welcomed 
the  visitors  in  the  name  of  the  club  and 
the  Georgia  federation.  Miss  Anne  Wallace 
then  introduced  the  program  of  the  meeting  and 
spoke  earnestly  of  the  modern  growth  of  the 
library  idea.  She  described  what  had  already 
been  done  toward  the  development  of  a  library 
movement  in  Georgia,  and  urged  the  necessity 
of  co-operation  in  this,  as  in  all  other  work. 

Travelling  libraries  were  then  described  in  a 
paper  by  Mrs.  Eugene  Heard,  of  Middleton, 


chairman  of  the  library  committee  of  the  state 
federation.  "The  American  Library  Associa- 
tion "  was  the  subject  of  a  paper  by  Mrs.  Moses 
Wadlcy,  of  Atlanta,  who  urged  the  value  of 
connection  with  the  A.  L.  A.  in  all  library  work. 
Other  papers  presented  were  on  "The  Library 
of  Congress,"  by  Mrs.  Burton  Smith  ;  "The  need 
of  a  free  public  library,"  by  Prof.  C.  M.  Neal  ; 
and  "The  library  and  the  bookseller,"  by 
F.  J.  Paxon.  These  were  followed  by  descrip- 
tions of  several  libraries  of  the  state  :  "  The 
Young  Men's  Library,  Atlanta,"  by  James  R. 
Nutting,  president  of  that  institution  ;  "The 
state  library,"  by  Capt.  Milledge,  state  li- 
brarian ;  "The  Young  Men's  Library  of  Au- 
gusta," by  Miss  M.  R.  Campbell  ;  "  The  Public 
Library  of  Rome,"  by  Miss  S.  P.  Hargrove, 
and  "The  Agnes  Scott  Library  of  Decatur," 
by  Miss  L.  A.  Field. 

In  the  evening  the  visitors  were  tendered  a 
reception  by  the  directors  of  the  Young  Men's 
Library,  and  were  welcomed  to  the  library 
building  by  Miss  Wallace,  Mrs.  Lowe,  president 
of  the  state  federation,  Mrs.  Ottley,  and  Mrs. 
Heard.  

PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  OFFICE  INTER- 
NATIONAL  DE  BIBLIOGRAPHIE. 

The  Office  International  de  Bibliographie  of 
Brussels  has  recently  issued  a  catalog  of 
the  publications  issued,  in  progress  and  con- 
templated under  its  auspices,  which  gives  also 
a  short  account  of  its  history  and  aims.  It 
was  formally  established,  as  readers  of  the 
JOURNAL  know,  in  September,  1895,  by  the 
Belgian  government  as  the  result  of  action 
taken  at  the  first  bibliographical  conference 
held  under  its  auspices  a  short  time  previously. 
The  second  conference  will  be  held  in  Brus- 
sels, August  2  of  this  year,  and  a  considerable 
foreign  attendance  is  hoped  for.  The  chief 
work  planned,  and  begun,  by  the  Office  is  the 
"  Bibliographia  universalis,  ou  repertoire  bibli- 
ographique  universel,"  a  co-operative  under- 
taking composed  of  a  collection  of  special 
bibliographies  edited  by  different  persons  under 
the  general  direction  of  the  central  office. 
The  various  parts  are  published  separately 
but  on  uniform  lines.  They  are  without  excep- 
tion bibliographies  of  books,  pamphlets,  socie- 
ty publications  or  periodical  articles.  They 
are  classed  according  to  the  decimal  system, 
and  are  printed  either  directly  upon  cards  for 
catalog  use  or  in  pamphlet  form,  so  arranged 
that  each  entry  may  be  cut  out  and  pasted  on  a 
card  of  any  size,  thus  completing  or  keeping 
up  to  date  catalogs  already  established  on 
other  plans.  This  "  Bibliographia  universalis  " 
comprised  in  March  of  the  present  year  the 
following  publications  :  "  Bibliographica  phi- 
losophica,"  issued  by  the  Louvain  Institut  de 
Philosophic  in  1895;  "  Bibliographica  sociologi- 
ca,"  by  the  Bureau  Sociologiqueof  Brussels,  in 
1895;  "  Bibliographia  astronomica,"  by  the 
Societe  df Astronomic  of  Brussels,  in  1896; 
"  Bibliographica  zoologica,"  edited  by  Messrs. 
H.  H.  Field  and  V.  Carus,  and  published  by 
the  Concilium  Bibliographicum  of  Zurich  since 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


1896;  "  Bibliographia  medica  Italia,"  by  T. 
Rossi  Doria,  1896;  "  Bibliographia  anatomica," 
by  Messrs.  Field  and  M.  E.  Roth,  issued  by  the 
Concilium  Bibliographicum  of  Zurich  since 
1897;  "  Bibliographica  physiologica,"  by  C. 
Richet  and  others,  issued  by  the  Concilium  Bi- 
bliographicum, 1897;  "  Bibliografia  ostetrica  e 
ginecologica  Italiana,"  by  T.  Rossi  Doria,  pub- 
lished by  the  Societa  di  Ostetricia  of  Rome, 
1897;  and  "  Bibliographia  Americana,"  be- 
ing the  printed  card  catalog  of  current  books 
issued  by  the  Publishing  Section  of  the  A.  L. 
A.,  which  the  Office  includes  as  the  Amer- 
ican contribution  to  its  scheme  of  world  bib- 
liography. There  are  in  preparation  a  "Bi- 
bliographia bibliographica,"  or  summary  of 
bibliographical  works  and  periodicals;  a  "  Bi- 
bliographia geologica,"  and  a  "  Bibliographic 
de  1'histoire  de  Belgique."  The  Office  also 
publishes  a  Bulletin  de  [ Institut  International  de 
Bibliographie,  of  which  six  numbers  are  issued 
yearly,  and  a  number  of  pamphlets  and  mono- 
graphs explaining  the  decimal  system,  giving 
the  decimal  classification  of  various  sciences, 
etc. 

REPORT  OF  THE  CONGRESSIONAL 
LIBRARY  COMMITTEE. 

THE  report  on  the  "  Condition  of  the  Library 
of  Congress,"  made  by  the  joint  committee  on 
library,  and  ordered  printed  March  3,  1897, 
appears  as  senate  report  no.  1573,  in  a  substan- 
tial volume  of  302  pages.  It  will  be  read  with 
interest  by  all  who  are  familiar  with  the  present 
condition  and  future  possibilites  of  the  Con- 
gressional Library,  and  it  contains  a  mass  of 
important  detail  upon  the  subject.  The  plan 
<>f  the  new  building  is  described  in  detail,  and 
the  existing  arrangements  of  books  and  shelv- 
ing are  explained,  as  is  the  system  of  classifi- 
cation now  in  use.  Attention  is  also  given  to 
the  force  required  for  proper  administration,  to 
the  methods  of  administration  and  arrange- 
ment usual  in  other  libraries,  and  especially  to 
the  work  that  should  be  done  by  a  great  nation- 
al library.  The  report  is  wholly  devoted  to  the 
stenographic  minutes  of  the  testimony  given  by 
the  different  persons  examined  by  the  committee 
as  to  the  library,  and  about  a  third  of  the  space 
is  given  up  to  the  examination  of  the  members 
of  the  American  Library  Association  who  ap- 
peared before  the  committee  in  December  last. 
This  testimony,  with  that  of  Mr.  Spofford 
and  Mr.  Green,  is  of  special  interest  to  libra- 
rians. 

Appended  to  the  report  is  an  interesting 
"  comparative  table  of  proposed  force  and  ex- 
penditure in  the  Library  of  Congress  in  its 
ru-w  building  as  compared  with  similar  ser- 
vice in  the  library  of  the  British  Museum, 
:ial  Library  <>f  Fr.mre,  Royal  Library  of 
a,  and  Boston  Public  Library."  The 
ii  goes  into  many  details  of  adminis- 
i.  and  is  especially  valuable  in  its  strong 
presentment  of  the  inadequate  sum  allowed 
thr  Library  nf  Congress  for  the  purchase  of 
books,  as  contrasted  with  the  other  libraries 
nan  i 


American  Cibrarg  QUeociation. 


President:  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
Cleveland,  O. 

Secretary  :  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Columbus, 

Treasurer:  C:  K.  Bolton,  Public  Library, 
Brookline,  Mass. 

i<)th  GENERAL  CONFERENCE,  PHILADEL- 
PHIA, JUNE  21  -JULY  i,  1897. 

THE  final  circular  of  the  Philadelphia  confer- 
ence, with  complete  program,  has  been  issued, 
as  follows: 

The  annual  conference  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  for  1897  will  beheld  at  Phila- 
delphia, commencing  June  21. 

The  general  and  special  advantages  of  these 
conferences,  both  to  the  librarians  and  the  libra- 
ries, are  now  so  well  known  that  many  boards  of 
trustees  pay  all  or  a  part  of  the  expenses  of  the 
librarian  while  in  attendance.  The  progress  in 
library  methods  has  been  so  great  within  the 
past  few  years  that  attendance  on  these  meet- 
ings is  necessary  for  any  librarian  who  wishes 
to  keep  up  with  this  advance. 

Under  the  management  of  Mr.  George  A. 
Macbeth,  trustee  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of 
Pittsburgh,  the  Trustees'  Section  will  be  reor- 
ganized and  placed  on  a  permanent  basis,  thus 
bringing  into  closer  relationship  the  governing 
body  and  the  working  force  of  the  library,  giv- 
ing an  increased  interest  in  the  success  of  the 
work.  The  librarians  are  urged  to  bring  this 
matter  before  the  members  of  their  boards  of 
trustees,  as  increased  interest  on  their  part  will 
inure  to  the  benefit  of  the  library. 

It  is  expected  that  the  Philadelphia  confer- 
ence will  be  one  of  great  interest  and  value,  as 
questions  of  the  future  policy  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
will  be  considered,  especially  with  regard  to  in- 
crease of  membership,  representative  member- 
ship, re-incorporation  under  the  laws  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  establishment  of  a  per- 
manent headquarters  for  the  display  and  pres- 
ervation of  the  publications  and  property  of  the 
association. 

At  this  meeting  the  association  will  also  hold 
some  of  its  sessions  in  sections,  thus  giving  op- 
portunity for  more  specialized  consideration  of 
some  subjects. 

The  local  committee,  with  Mr.  lohn  Thomson, 
of  the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia,  as  chair- 
man, have  worked  faithfully  to  make  the  meet- 
ing a  success  from  the  social  standpoint  and 
with  due  regard  to  comfort.  The  visitors  will 
be  cordially  welcomed,  and  every  facility  will  be 
given  for  the  inspection  of  places  of  interest,  in 
addition  to  libraries  and  historical  points. 


Monday  evening,  June  21. — Social  gathering 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  with  saluta- 
tion from  Dr.  William  Pepper. 

Tuesday  morning,  June  22.  —  Address  by  the 
president. 

Report  of  the  secretary. 

Report  of  the  recorder. 

Report  of  the  treasurer,  including  necrology. 


306 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


Report  of  the  committee  on  finance,  James 
L.  Whitney,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  trustees  of  the  endowment 
fund,  C.  C.  Soule,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  publishing  section,  W.  I. 
Fletcher,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  co-operation, 
W.  H.  Tillinghast,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  public  documents, 
R.  R.  Bowker,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  foreign  docu- 
ments, C.  H.  Gould,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  of  "The  Dr.  Will- 
iam F.  Poole  Memorial  Fund,"  G.  E.  Wire, 
secretary. 

Tuesday  afternoon.  —  Books  of  the  year,  Miss 
Mary  S.  Cutler. 

Sociology. 

Science. 

Fine  arts,  Miss  Hannah  P.  James. 

History,  J.  N.  Larned. 

Fiction,  Miss  Helen  E.  Haines. 

Children,  Miss  Caroline  M.  Hewins. 

Tuesday  evening.  —  Public  meeting.  Ad- 
dresses by  Mr.  Melvil  Dewey,  Mr.  F.  M.  Crun- 
den,  Prof.  Albert  H.  Smyth,  and  others. 

Wednesday  morning,  June  23.  —  Two  meet- 
ings will  be  held  simultaneously  in  different 
halls,  for  which  the  following  programs  have 
been  arranged. 

College  and  reference  library  work  conducted 
by  Mr.  W.  I.  Fletcher,  librarian  Amherst  Col- 
lege and  chairman  of  the  College  Section. 

1.  Opening  remarks  by  Mr.  Fletcher. 

2.  Government  and  control  of  college  libra- 
ries.    Opening  remarks  by  G.  W.    Harris,   li- 
brarian Cornell  University. 

3.  Selection  of  books  for  the  college  library. 
Opening  remarks  by  Alfred  C.  Potter,  assist- 
ant in  charge  of  the  ordering  department,  Har- 
vard College  Library. 

4.  A  bit  of  classification:  treatment  of  Harv- 
ardiana   by   the    Harvard   Club   of  New  York 
City,  contributed  by  C.  Alex.  Nelson,  deputy 
librarian,  Columbia  University. 

5.  College  instruction  in  bibliography. 
Elementary  session,  in  charge  of  Dr.  G.  E. 

Wire,  Evanston,  111.,  and  Miss  Linda  A.  East- 
man, assistant  librarian,  Cleveland  Public  Li- 
brary. 

1.  Classification,  Dr.  Wire. 

2.  Cataloging,  Miss  L.  E.  Benedict,  librarian, 
Lewis  Institute,  Chicago. 

3.  Charging  systems,  Miss   Helen    Sheldon, 
Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia. 

4.  Book    selection,    Miss    Elizabeth  P.    An- 
drews, Library  School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Meeting  of  the  Trustees'  Section,  G.  A.  Mac- 
beth, chairman. 

Wednesday  afternoon.  —  Ride  to  the  Wissa- 
hickon. 

Wednesday  evening.  —  Reception  and  concert 
at  Drexel  Institute. 

Thursday  morning,  June  24.  —  Election  of  of- 
ficers. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  travelling  libra- 
ries, John  Thomson,  chairman. 

Travelling  libraries,  by  F.  A.  Hutchins. 

Policy  of  the  American  Library  Association 


with  regard  to  reincorporation  under  the  laws 
of  the  United  Slates,  and  with  regard  to  repre- 
sentative membership.  Discussion  opened  by 
Melvil  Dewey. 

Proposed  building  for  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary, with  plans,  Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  librarian. 

Thursday  afternoon.  —  Report  of  the  com- 
mittee on  state  aid,  J.  H.  Whittier,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  co-operation  with 
Library  Department  of  National  Educational 
Association,  J.  C.  Dana,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  library  editions 
of  popular  books,  C.  R.  Dudley,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  library  schools. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  gifts  and  bequests, 
Caroline  M.  Hewins,  chairman. 

Report  of  the  committee  on  American  libra- 
ries clearing  house,  R.  G.  Thwaites,  chairman. 

Publisher  and  importer,  Ernst  Lemcke. 

Thursday  evening. — Methods  of  children's 
library  work  as  determined  by  the  needs  of 
children,  Rev.  Edwin  M.  Fairchild,  Miss  Emma 
L.  Adams. 

Discussion. 

Development  of  the  subscription  into  the  free 
library,  F.  M.  Crunden,  J.  N.  Larned,  and 
others. 

The  literature  of  libraries,  F.  J.  Teggart. 

Friday  morning,  June  25.  —  Two  programs, 
as  on  Wednesday  morning. 

College  and  reference  libraries,  conducted  by 
Dr.  Ernest  C.  Richardson,  librarian,  Princeton 
University. 

1.  The  survival  of  the  fittest  among  books, 
Dr.  Richardson. 

2.  Index   prospects   and   possibilities,  W.    I. 
Fletcher,  Amherst  College  Library. 

3.  The  London  International  Conference  on  a 
catalog   of  scientific    literature,    Cyrus   Adler, 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 

4.  Co-operative  printing  of  analytical  refer- 
ence  lists,  Dr.    J.    S.   Billings,    New  York  Li- 
brary; G.  H.  Baker,  Columbia  University  Li- 
brary;  C.  W.  Andrews,  John  Crerar  Library, 
Chicago. 

5.  The   care    of   maps  (newspapers   or  rare 
books),  Wilberforce  Eames,  Lenox  Library,  New 
York. 

6.  The  care  of  mss.,  Herbert   Friedenwald, 
Philadelphia. 

Elementary  session,  in  charge  of  Miss  East- 
man and  Dr.  Wire. 

1.  Librarian's  aids,  Miss  Virginia  Dodge,  li- 
brarian, Cedar  Rapids  (la.)  Public  Library. 

2.  Advertising,  Miss  M.  Emogene  Hazeltine, 
librarian,  James    Prendergast     Free     Library, 
Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

3.  Reference  work,  Miss  Eleanor  B.  Wood- 
ruff,   reference  librarian,   Pratt  Institute  Free 
Library. 

4.  Aims  and  personal  attitude  toward  the  work, 
Miss  Eastman. 

On  Friday  afternoon  the  European  delegation 
will  take  their  departure,  and  those  going  upon 
the  American  post-conference  trip  will  start  on 
Saturday. 

The  first  informal  session  will  be  a  reception 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  on  Monday 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


3<>7 


evening,  and  all  but  two  of  the  other  sessions 
will  be  held  at  the  Drexel  Institute. 

The  Aldine  Hotel,  on  Chestnut  street,  with 
accommodations  for  600,  has  been  selected  as 
headquarters.  Rates  $2.50  per  day.  Mr.  John 
Thomson,  librarian  of  the  Free  Library  of 
Philadelphia,  1217  Chestnut  street,  chairman 
of  the  local  committee,  Philadelphia,  will  re- 
serve rooms  at  this  hotel,  or  elsewhere,  if  noti- 
fied. Good  hotel  accommodations  and  board- 
ing-houses can  be  had  convenient  to  place  of 
meeting. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

A  rate  of  one  and  a  third  fare  for  the  round 
trip  on  the  certificate  plan  has  been  made  by  all 
roads.  Persons  attending  the  conference  will 
pay  full  fare  going,  and  take  from  the  ticket 
agent  a  certificate,  which,  when  signed  by  the 
secretary  and  joint  agent  of  the  railroad  at  the 
meeting,  will  entitle  the  holder  to  return  over 
the  same  route  for  one-third  regular  fare. 
Certificates  must  be  deposited  with  the  secretary 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  by  nine  o'clock  Wednesday 
morning,  June  23.  The  certificates  will  be  ac- 
cepted in  Philadelphia  for  the  return  trip  up  to 
and  including  July  3. 

If  local  agent  is  not  provided  with  certifi- 
cates, buy  a  ticket  to  the  nearest  town  that  has 
them.  The  local  agent  will  give  this  informa- 
tion. 

The  certificate  must  be  procured  or  there  -will 
be  no  reduction  in  fare. 

POST-CONFERENCE. 

Philadelphia  to  the  Dejaware  Water  Gap  and 
return  is  estimated  to  cost  from  (22  to  $25. 
The  railway  fare  will  be  $1.74,  and  the  rate  at 
the  Kittatinny  house  will  be  $2.75  per  day,  and 
if  any  desire  to  remain  over  Saturday.  Sunday, 
and  Monday,  including  the  Fourth  of  July, 
they  can  do  so  at  the  same  rate. 

NOTES  ON  THE  INTERN  A  TIONAL  CON- 
FERENCE. 

MR.  EDMUND  M.  BARTON,  librarian  of  the 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  has  been  ap- 
pointed a  member  of  the  European  trip  com- 
mittee in  place  of  W.  I.  Fletcher,  who  is  unable 
tc  attend  the  International  Conference. 

MR.  GARDNER  M.  JONES,  secretary  of  the 
European  trip  committee,  has  received  the  fol- 
lowing letter  from  the  chairman  of  the  recep- 
tion committee  of  the  Second  International 
Library  Conference  : 

"May  25,  1897. 
"The  Library,  Guildhall,  E.  C. 

"  I  >KAR  SIR  :  I  have  much  pleasure  in  inform- 
ing you  that  the  reception  committee  have 
secured  invitations  for  the  American  visitors  for 
a  reception  here  on  July  12,  and  then  at  the 
Mansion  House  (by  the  Lord  Mayor)  on  July 
13,  and  for  a  special  performance  of  '  The 
Merchant  of  Venice'  at  the  Lyceum  Theatre  on 
July  15.  These  invitations  will  be  awaiting 
y>iir  party  on  arrival,  as  I  think  that  will  be  a 
more  convenient  arrangement  than  posting 
them  on  to  you  for  distribution. 

"I  am  very  faithfully  yours, 

EDWARD  M.  BORRAJO." 


CHANGE  IN  TIME  OK  SAILING. 

Special  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  the 
time  of  sailing  of  the  Cephalonia,  with  the  Phila- 
delphia delegation,  has  been  changed  from 
seven  a.m.  to  five  p.m.  Saturday,  June  26. 
This  will  allow  those  who  wish,  to  leave  Phila- 
delphia at  1:30  Friday,  arriving  in  New  York  at 
four,  connecting  with  the  Fall  River  line  steam- 
er leaving  at  5:30  and  due  at  Boston  at  seven 
o'clock  Saturday  morning. 

Special  rates  have  been  obtained  for  the  party 
for  the  trip  from  Philadelphia  to  Boston,  as  to 
which  information  will  be  given  in  ample  time. 

INVITATION    FROM  THE  INSTITUT   INTERNATIONAL 
DE  BIBLIOGRAPIIIE. 

The  general  secretary  of  the  Institut  Inter- 
national de  Bibliographie  has  communicated  to 
the  president  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  under  date  of 
May  19,  a  formal  invitation  to  all  members  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  who  will  attend  the  London  con- 
ference to  be  present  also  at  the  second  bib- 
liographical conference  of  the  Institut,  which 
will  be  held  at  Brussels,  August  2,  instead  of 
June  27,  as  originally  announced.  The  date 
finally  chosen  will  permit  those  attending  the 
London  meeting  to  go  from  England  to  Brus- 
sels without  inconvenience.  All  details  of  ar- 
rangement will  be  made  by  the  officers  of  the 
Institut  with  those  in  charge  of  the  London 
congress,  and  it  is  hoped  that  a  considerable 
representation  may  be  secured  for  the  Brussels 
meeting. 

CORRECTION  TO  PROCEEDINGS. 

THE  following  statement  should  have  ap- 
peared in  the  proceedings  of  the  Cleveland  con- 
ference, p.  78,  second  column,  just  before  the 
words,  "A  meeting  of  the  council  was  called, 
to  be  held  at  the  close  of  this  session  "  :  "  The 
president  announced  that  the  A.  L.  A.  council 
had  organized,  by  the  election  of  Mr.  S.  S. 
Green,  president,  and  Mr.  W.  E.  Foster,  sec- 
retary, and  that  it  was  now  ready  for  any  busi- 
ness to  be  referred  to  it." 

SPECIAL  INDEX   TO  PROCEEDINGS. 

A  FEW  copies  of  the  special  index  to  the 
Cleveland  proceedings  remain  on  hand,  and  will 
be  sent  to  librarians  for  insertion  in  bound  vol- 
umes of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  on  receipt  of  a 
two-cent  stamp  to  cover  postage. 

C:  ALEX.  NELSON,  Recorder,  1896. 


State   L'ibrurn  Commieeione. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins.  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier.  secretary.  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  II. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 


3o8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


State  iiibviirn  QUsociations. 

LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL  CALI- 
FORNIA. 

President:  J.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

THE  May  meeting  of  the  association  was 
"Ladies'  night,"  the  topic  being  "Woman  in 
the  service  of  the  public  library."  The  opening 
paper  was  by  Miss  Emily  I.  Wade,  on  "Woman 
as  trustee."  Miss  Wade  affirmed  that  from  the 
beginning  of  history  there  had  been  conspicu- 
ous instances  of  rare  executive  and  adminis- 
trative ability  among  women;  "that  strong- 
mindedness  is  not  inconsistent  with  womanli- 
ness, nor  individuality  necessarily  eccentricity." 
Numerous  instances  were  cited  where  women 
have  served  as  library  trustees  with  success, 
and  the  duties  of  trustees  were  carefully  ana- 
lyzed to  show  that  there  were  none  that  women 
might  not  perform  as  efficiently  as  men.  "  But 
the  board  should  not  be  made  up  of  women 
only.  Those  composed  of  one  sex  entirely  par- 
take of  the  same  kind  of  narrowness  that  would 
distinguish  a  board  of  one  religious  sect  or  one 
political  party.  The  association  of  clear-minded 
men  and  thoughtful  women  would  be  an  ideal 
board.  Each  needs  the  stimulus  as  well  as  the 
restraint  of  the  other.  A  man's  mind  sees  the 
subject,  woman's  takes  in  the  detail." 

Miss  C.  G.  Hancock,  of  the  Sacramento  Pub- 
lic Library,  in  her  paper  on  "Woman  as  libra- 
rian," spoke  with  a  background  of  18  years'  ex- 
perience. In  her  opinion  there  should  be  no 
question  of  sex  in  the  choice  of  a  librarian.  "  If 
there  is  any  place  where  fitness  should  be  the 
requisite  it  is  in  the  position  of  librarian.  What- 
ever difference  there  seems  to  be  in  the  charac- 
teristics of  men  and  women  is  due,  I  think,  to 
education  more  than  nature.  Woman's  educa- 
tion and  environment  develop  some  of  the  in- 
nate qualities  that  are  latent  in  all  mankind  in 
a  greater  degree  than  in  man." 

"Woman  at  the  delivery-desk,"  by  Miss  Lily 
Cole,  was  a  breezy  account  of  the  duties  at  this 
most  important  post ;  Miss  Cole  showing  that 
she  fully  appreciated  the  responsibilities  of  this 
trying  position  with  its  endless  demands  on  the 
patience,  sympathy,  and  tact  of  the  assistant. 
Mrs.  D.  W.  Gilbert  gave  an  interesting  talk  on 
"Woman  as  reference  librarian,"  and  Miss  Net- 
tie Wade  presented  an  array  of  statistics  to  show 
the  many  instances  in  which  "  Woman  as  bene- 
factor "  has  endowed  libraries.  Miss  J.  S. 
Klink  gave  a  bright,  clever  talk  on  "  Woman 
as  patron."  In  her  paper  on  "  Woman  as  cata- 
loger  "  Miss  Celia  A.  Hayward  said  that  while 
much  of  the  cataloging  work  was  done  by 
women,  "she  has  no  peculiar  fitness  for  that 
work,  or  any  other,  in  the  economic  world, 
as  woman.  As  an  individual  she  has  fitness, 
if  she  have  the  necessary  qualifications  and 
qualities;  otherwise  not."  Acataloger  may  not 
be  a  specialist,  but  must  be  able  to  arrange 


under  proper  subject  headings  all  the  work  of 
all  the  specialists.  "  To  sum  up,  the  ideal  cata- 
loger  must  be  one  with  a  strong,  active  brain, 
trained  to  think  in  various  lines  with  every-day 
common  sense,  which  is  not  so  common  or  so 
every-day  as  to  deserve  to  be  so  called;  with  pa- 
tience, industry,  and  good  health,  which  taken 
altogether,  does  not  sound  so  very  startling. 
There  are  many  women  who  are  all  this;  there 
are  many  women,  and  some  men,  who  are  not 
all  this;  so  it  is,  after  all,  if  looked  on  without 
prejudice,  a  question  of  the  individual  and  not 
of  sex." 

A  paper  on  "Woman  in  library  work,"  by 
Miss  Tessa  L.  Kelso,  now  in  New  York,  was 
read.  Miss  Kelso  has  an  undoubted  right  to 
speak  with  authority,  as  she  made  a  pronounced 
success  in  library  work  in  California.  Her  pa- 
per presented  the  question  in  a  vigorous  man- 
ner, going  straight  to  the  point,  showing  the 
strength  and  weakness  of  women  in  the  profes- 
sion. She  said:  "  The  main  point,  as  to  the  fit- 
ness of  woman  to  administer  the  affairs  of  a 
large  library  is  no  different  from  that  of  her 
being  fit  to  administer  the  affairs  of  any  large 
business  corporation.  The  primary  requisites 
are  business  experience  and  training,  executive 
ability  of  a  high  order,  control  and  management 
of  employes,  and  in  addition  to  the  commercial 
attitude  toward  the  public,  the  more  difficult  po- 
sition of  being  the  servant  of  the  people." 

A  resolution  protesting  against  the  possible 
removal  of  Mr.  F.  A.  Crandall  from  the  office  of 
Superintendent  of  Documents  was  unanimously 
adopted,  and  the  secretary  was  instructed  to 
forward  a  copy  to  the  Public  Printer  at  Wash- 
ington. The  next  meeting  will  be  in  September. 
A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 

COLORA DO  LIBRARY  A SSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary:  Herbert  E.  Richie,  Box  1589, 
Denver. 

Treasurer:  J.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

THE  Colorado  Library  Association  held  its 
regular  monthly  meeting  in  the  state  normal 
school,  at  Greeley,  on  May  u,  when  the  follow- 
ing program  was  presented  to  an  audience  of 
about  400  people: 

Music Prof.  J.  Q.  Whiteman  in  charge 

Welcome .Dr.  Snyder 

Business  of  the  association, 

Pres.  A.  E.  Whitaker  and  Sec.  H.  E.  Richie 

The  Greeley  Public  Library Fred  E.  Smith 

Your  daily  paper C.  L.  Stonaker 

The  club  and  the  library, 

Mrs.  J.  S.  Gale  and  Mrs.  M.  D.  Thatcher 
The  reading  of  school  children, 

Prof.  J.  E.  Russell 
The  school-room  libraries  of  North  Denver, 

Supt.  J.  H.  Van  Sickle 
Library  associations  —  their  growth, 

John  Cotton  Dana 

The  state  library Hattie  E.  Stevenson 

Aside  from  the  program,  Mr.  Daniels,  the  li- 
brarian of  the  normal  school,  entertained  the 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


3°9 


visitors  with  exhibitions  of  drawings,  Japanese 
prints,  and  collections  of  best  books.  In  the 
evening  the  members  were  tendered  a  reception 
by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Snyder.  The  association  will 
hold  its  next  meeting  in  Denver  in  October. 
H.  E.  RICHIE,  Secretary. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

THE  spring  meeting  of  the  Connecticut  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  on  Thursday,  May 
27,  at  the  Scoville  Memorial  Library,  Salisbury. 
The  introduction  of  music  was  a  pleasant  inno- 
vation on  the  usual  program,  and  the  singing 
of  Mr.  Laplace  and  the  violin-playing  by  Mr. 
Whyland,  accompanied  by  Dr.  Knight,  of  Lake- 
ville,  on  the  Steinway  concert  grand  piano  in 
the  auditorium  of  the  library  building,  were 
much  enjoyed  by  the  audience.  The  afternoon 
sessional  2:30  was  opened  by  a  short  address 
of  welcome  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  George,  of  Salis- 
bury. The  president  of  the  association,  Frank 
B.  Gay,  gave  a  summary  of  Connecticut's  li- 
brary progress  during  the  last  few  months. 
Miss  C.  M.  Hewins  gave  a  report  of  the  work 
of  the  public  library  commission.  39  towns 
have  availed  themselves  of  the  law  granting 
state  aid  to  free  libraries.  The  second  report 
of  the  commission,  which  has  just  been  pub- 
lished, contains  a  colored  map  showing  the  dis- 
tribution of  libraries  in  the  state. 

A  paper  of  Mrs.  M.  H.  G.  Banks  on  "  Libra- 
ry organization  "  was  read  in  her  absence  by 
Miss  Hadley,  of  Ansonia.  Mrs.  Banks  has  just 
finished  classifying  the  Springfield  City  Libra- 
ry, and  now  has  a  position  in  the  New  York 
Public  Library.  Miss  Elizabeth  Van  Hoeven- 
berg  followed  with  an  account  of  the  work  of 
reorganizing  the  Ferguson  Library,  Stamford, 
in  which  she  is  now  engaged. 

After  a  general  discussion  of  the  subject,  the 
Rev.  W.  R.  Eastman,  inspector  of  New  York's 
travelling  libraries,  spoke  of  the  library  system 
of  that  state,  especially  in  regard  to  assisting 
small  libraries  and  clubs.  Lantern  slides  and 
expensive  art  photographs  as  well  as  supple- 
mentary reading-matter  is  furnished  the  schools 
of  the  state  fora  small  fee.  351  towns  have 
public  libraries,  but  there  are  589  without  them. 

II.  L.  Elmendorf,  recently  back  from  Eng- 
land, brought  news  of  the  welcome  that  English 
librarians  are  preparing  for  the  A.  L.  A.  He 
spoke  of  the  76  travelling  libraries  in  Philadel- 
phia for  the  use  of  the  employes  of  the  city. 

Miss  Mary  E.  Robbins,  of  Lakcville,  who  has 
had  large  experience  in  library  work,  then 
read  a  paper  describing  some  western  libraries 
which  she  visited  during  a  recent  library  tour. 

Supper  was  served  in  the  assembly-room  by 
the  ladies  of  Salisbury  and  Lakcville. 

The  evening  session  at  8  o'clock  was  opened 
by  music. 

Rev.  John  Calvin  Goddard,  of  the  Salisbury 
Congregational  Church,  read  a  valuable  paper 


on  "  Methods  of  exciting  interest  in  books." 
An  illustration  of  the  interest  latent  in  common 
things  was  the  road  which  passes  the  doors  of 
the  Scoville  Memorial  Library;  Ethan  Allen  and 
Washington  have  passed  over  it;  the  great  chain 
which  stretched  across  the  Hudson  in  Revolu- 
tionary days  and  the  iron  for  the  frigate  Con- 
stitution had  been  dragged  over  it;  and  the 
famous  trotting  mare,  Flora  Temple,  made  her 
first  speed  upon  it.  He  recommended  the  study 
of  nature,  saying  that  all  the  poets  and  prophets 
have  been  brought  up  out  of  doors.  Mr.  God- 
dard also  counselled  the  study  of  humanity. 

Miss  Dotha  Stone  Pinneo,  of  the  Norwalk 
Public  Library,  read  a  critical  paper  on  "The 
fiction  of  to-day."  She  compared  the  fiction  of 
to-day  with  that  of  the  generation  of  Dickens 
and  Thackeray,  especially  in  regard  to  its  in- 
fluence on  the  reading  public.  The  conclusion 
was  reached  that  while  we  have  wonderful 
stylists,  excitement  and  a  fertile  play  of  imagi- 
nation, we  are  wanting  in  creative  force  ;  there 
is  much  talent  but  no  genius  in  the  writers  of 
to-day.  All  the  representative  writers  of  the 
various  schools  were  cleverly  characterized  and 
weighed.  Tolstoi  and  Sienkiewicz,  the  greatest 
imaginative  writers  of  to-day,  are  not  of  Eng- 
lish blood. 

In  the  absence  of  George  S.  Godard,  who  was 
to  have  made  an  address,  the  program  con- 
cluded with  some  delightful  stories  told  by  W. 
L.  Harden,  of  Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  which 
he  had  heard  from  well-known  authors  at  the 
firesides  of  New  York  clubs. 

Prof.  D.  N.  Camp,  of  New  Britain,  offered  a 
resolution  of  thanks  for  the  generous  hospi- 
tality of  the  Scoville  Memorial  Library  and  the 
people  of  Salisbury. 

Some  of  the  librarians  were  entertained  on 
Thursday  morning  by  drives  among  the  pictu- 
resque hills  and  lakes  of  Salisbury.  The  town 
has  had  a  circulating  library  since  before  the 
Revolution,  and  the  archives  of  the  Scoville 
Library  contain  relics  of  that  first  library  in  the 
shape  of  the  quaint  old  charging-book,  with  its 
records  of  fines  for  soiling  the  books  with  snuff 
and  candle-grease,  and  a  number  of  the  books 
of  the  original  library. 

ANGELINE  SCOTT,  Secretary. 

GEORGIA  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  Anne  Wallace,  Young  Men's 
Library,  Atlanta. 

Secretary:  C.  W.  Hubncr,  Atlanta. 

Treasurer:  Miss  L.  A.  Field,  Decatur. 

PURSUANT  to  a  call  issued  by  Miss  Anne 
Wallace,  librarian  of  the  Young  Men's  Library 
of  Atlanta,  there  convened  at  that  library  Mon- 
day, May  31,  a  number  of  librarians  and  others 
interested  in  library  work  to  organize  a  state 
library  club. 

Miss  Wallace  called  the  meeting  to  order,  and 
nominated  Miss  L.  A.  Field,  of  the  Agnes  Scott 
Institute,  Decatur,  Ga.,  as  temporary  chairman. 
Miss  Field  then  called  for  the  nomination  of  a 
temporary  secretary,  and  Miss  Julia  T.  Rankin 
was  elected.  Miss  Wallace,  in  stating  the  rea- 
son for  calling  together  the  meeting,  said  :  "  In 
this  day  of  united  brotherhoods  it  is  timely  that 


3io 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


the  Georgia  librarians  organize  a  library  club 
for  the  mutual  benefit  of  the  librarians  of  the 
state.  Now  each  library  is  working  for  itself 
and  by  itself.  The  best  work  can  only  be  ob- 
tained through  co-operation,  when  each  library 
reaps  the  benefit  of  the  other's  experience. 
For  years  this  spirit  of  mutual  help  in  matters 
of  administrative  detail  was  fostered  in  the 
national  association  ;  now  such  work  is  being 
done  by  the  state  clubs,  the  A.  L.  A.  devoting 
its  program  more  to  the  ethical  side  of  the  li- 
brary question.  State  clubs  are  now  essential 
to  library  growth.  The  establishment  of  such  a 
club  in  Georgia  was  first  discussed  at  the  con- 
ference of  women  librarians  held  in  Atlanta 
during  the  Cotton  States  and  International  Ex- 
position of  1895.  The  failure  to  organize  was 
due  to  the  great  distances  between  the  libraries, 
the  lack  of  any  vacation  for  the  librarians,  the 
starvation  salaries,  and  the  want  of  competent 
assistants  to  leave  in  charge  during  the  neces- 
sary absence  of  the  librarian.  Whether  these 
difficulties  can  be  overcome  remains  to  be  seen, 
but  until  the  librarians  of  the  state  can  work  in 
harmony  and  co-operation  our  library  inter- 
ests must  suffer.  The  time  has  come  when 
some  steps  must  be  taken  to  awaken  interest  in 
library  circles  and  to  stimulate  librarians  to 
emulation  in  the  matters  of  library  administra- 
tion." 

A  permanent  organization  was  then  effected, 
and  the  following  officers  were  unanimously 
elected:  President,  Miss  Anne  Wallace,  Atlanta; 
Vice-presidents,  Mrs.  Moses  Wadley,  Augusta, 
Judge  Wm.  Harden,  Savannah,  Mrs.  J.  K. 
Ottley,  Atlanta,  Chancellor  W.  E.  Boggs,  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia,  Mr.  J.  Harris  Chappell, 
Milledgeville,  Hon.  Price  Gilbert,  Columbus, 
Mrs.  Eugene  Heard,  Middleton,  Hon.  T.  A. 
Reid,  Macon,  Mrs.  John  C.  Printup,  Rome; 
Secretary,  Charles  W.  Hubner,  Atlanta;  Treas- 
urer, Miss  L.  A.  Field,  Decatur. 

Among  the  prominent  women  present  was 
Mrs.  Moses  Wadley,  of  Augusta,  who  is  an  en- 
thusiastic friend  to  the  library  movement.  Mrs. 
Wadley,  who  is  a  director  of  the  Augusta  Li- 
brary, spoke  of  the  great  need  of  a  state  library 
club  and  urged  the  organization. 

Mrs.  J.  K.  Ottley,  president  of  the  Atlanta 
Woman's  Club,  spoke  of  the  work  being  done 
by  the  library  committee  of  the  State  Federa- 
tion of  Women's  Clubs,  and  paid  a  pleasant 
tribute  to  Mrs.  Eugene  Heard,  the  progressive 
and  active  chairman  of  that  committee. 

The  club  adjourned  after  accepting  an  invi- 
tation from  the  city  of  Macon  to  hold  its  first 
business  meeting  in  Macon,  Oct.  28-29,  1897. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  members  of  the 
Georgia  Library  Club:  J.  R.  Nutting,  President 
Y.  M.  L.  A.,  Atlanta;  F.  J.  Paxon,  Director, 
Atlanta;  Mrs.  Burton  Smith,  Atlanta;  Miss  L. 
P.  Hargrove,  Rome;  Mrs.  Nora  L.  Barbrey, 
Macon;  Miss  Nina  Halstead,  Columbus;  Wm. 
Horden,  Savannah;  Miss  Mary  R.  Campbell, 
Augusta;  Miss  Julia  T.  Rankin,  Atlanta;  Miss 
Sarah  Frierson,  Athens;  Mrs.  Enoch  Callaway, 
La  Grange;  Mrs.  H.  S.  Smith,  Newnan;  Mrs. 
E.  G.  McCabe,  Atlanta;  Mrs.  Awtry,  La  Grange; 
Mrs.  Necker,  Cartersville;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Lowe, 


Atlanta;  Mrs.  Boykin  Robinson,  Social  Circle; 
Mrs.  George  C.  Ball,  Atlanta. 

In  the  afternoon  the  club  was  entertained  by 
the  Atlanta  Woman's  Club,  and  participated  in 
the  general  library  meeting  held  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  former  body  and  reported  elsewhere 
(see  p.  304). 

ILLINOIS  LIBRA  RY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

THE  spring  meeting  of  the  Illinois  Library 
Association  was  held  May  13,  in  the  assembly- 
room  of  the  Peoria  Public  Library.  It  was 
largely  attended,  visitors  being  present  from  all 
parts  of  the  state.  The  meeting  was  called  to 
order  at  10  a.m.  by  J.  N.  Thompson,  president 
of  the  Association,  and  E.  W.  Willcox,  librarian 
bf  the  Peoria  library,  welcomed  the  visitors  in 
a  few  cordial  words.  The  president's  address, 
which  followed,  on  "Our  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities," was  a  vigorous  presentation  of  the 
need  of  effective  library  work  in  the  state,  and 
an  appeal  for  deeper  realization  of  the  personal 
responsibility  that  each  worker  has  to  his  or  her 
work. 

"The  boy  and  the  book,"  and  the  relation 
each  should  have  to  the  other,  were  then  pre- 
sented by  Mrs.  J.  H.  Resor,  of  the  Canton 
Public  Library,  who  showed  what  could  be  done 
for  boys  with  the  assistance  of  good  books,  and 
the  interest  taken  in  the  subject  by  librarians. 

Mrs.  Zella  Allen  Dixson,  of  the  University  of 
Chicago,  followed  with  an  account  of  "  Teach- 
ing library  science  by  university  extension 
methods,"  describing  the  methods  pursued  in 
the  several  classes  conducted  by  her.  "Litera- 
ry clubs,  reference  work,  and  special  lists " 
were  treated  by  Miss  Evva  L.  Moore  in  a  paper 
that  abounded  in  helpful  hints  and  suggestions. 
This  was  followed  by  business  announcements, 
reports  of  libraries,  and  an  informal  discussion 
of  subjects  presented  by  different  members, 
and  adjournment  was  then  taken  until  two 
o'clock. 

The  afternoon  session  opened  with  a  practi- 
cal demonstration  in  library  training  as  carried 
on  at  Armour  Institute.  Miss  Sharp  first  de- 
scribed the  study  of  loan  systems,  charging 
and  issuing  books,  etc.  The  subject  of  catalog- 
ing was  then  presented  by  Miss  Margaret  Mann, 
who  was  followed  by  Miss  Marvin  on  refer- 
ence work.  This  exposition  was  thoroughly 
practical  and  of  general  interest. 

At  this  point  in  the  proceedings  a  telegram 
arrived  from  the  state  legislature,  stating  that 
the  library  commission  bill  had  been  again  re- 
ported adversely,  and  was  lost  for  this  time. 

The  next  topic  was  "  University  and  college 
libraries  and  their  relation  to  the  library  move- 
ment of  to-day,"  by  Percy  F.  Bicknell,  of  the 
University  of  Illinois,  who  was  followed  by 
Prof.  Louis  F.  Galbreath,  of  the  Normal  Uni- 
versity, who  spoke  upon  "Books  for  various 
grades,"  urging  the  systematic  consideration  of 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


the  problems  to  be  solved  in  supplying  the  best 
reading  for  school  use. 

At  the  close  of  Prof.  Galbreath's  address, 
business  matters  came  up  for  discussion,  the 
report  of  the  treasurer  was  presented,  and  a 
committee  was  appointed  to  solicit  gifts  or  sub- 
scriptions to  a  fund  for  the  use  of  the  associa- 
tion in  its  work.  Miss  Ahern  then  spoke  of  the 
admirable  conduct  of  the  public  documents 
office  in  Washington,  under  Mr.  Crandall's  di- 
rection, and  offered  a  resolution  vigorously  pro- 
testing against  Mr.  Crandall's  removal  from 
office.  The  resolution  was  unanimously  adopt- 
ed. Another  resolution,  expressing  the  deep 
regret  of  the  association  at  the  failure  of  the 
legislature  to  pass  the  state  commission  bill, 
and  urging  renewed  effort  in  behalf  of  the 
measure,  was  passed,  as  was  a  resolution  ap- 
pointing a  committee  of  three  to  compile  statis- 
tical information  as  to  the  libraries  of  the  state. 

The  evening  session  was  called  to  order  at 
8  o'clock,  and  was  opened  with  an  address  of 
welcome  by  R.  C.  Grier,  president  of  the  Peoria 
Public  Library  board,  to  which  President 
Thompson  made  response. 

M  rs.  Clara  P.  Bourland  then  presented  a  paper 
on  "Women's  clubs  and  their  relation  to  the  pub- 
lic library  movement,"  which  was  followed  by 
"  The  ideal  library  trustee"  as  described  by  J. 
Seymour  Curry,  and  "The  ideal  library."  from 
the  point  of  view  of  Rev.  Dr.  Caspar  Wistar 
Hiatt.  President  Thompson,  in  a  few  well- 
chosen  words,  then  declared  the  business  of 
the  day  at  an  end,  and  after  a  unanimous  reso- 
lution of  thanks  to  the  Peoria  Library  Associa- 
tion and  its  officers,  the  meeting  was  declared 
adjourned. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President :  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Public  Libraries,  215  Madison  street,  Chicago, 
111. 

IOWA  LIBRARY  SOCIETY. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  Lana  D.  Cope,  State  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary:  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President :  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Secretary:  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent.  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 


MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary:  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

^  President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer- 
sity, Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

ON  the  principle  that  meetings  held  in  totally 
different  localities  will  awaken  most  widespread 
interest,  the  May  meeting  of  the  association  was 
held  at  Keene,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the 
state,  and  though  pouring  rain  prevented  large 
attendance  and  full  enjoyment  of  the  charming 
region,  the  occasion  was  exceedingly  pleasant 
and  profitable. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  in  the  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  ladies'  parlor,  at  2  p.m.,  by  the  new 
president,  Mr.  A.  H.  Chase,  state  librarian,  who 
announced  an  opportunity  for  any  one  in  attend- 
ance to  present  their  name  for  membership. 

After  this  preliminary  business,  the  program 
was  opened  with  an  admirable  paper  by  Mr. 
F.  W.  Faxon,  of  the  Boston  Book  Co.,  on  the 
double  subject,  "Periodicals  in  libraries"  and 
"Methods  in  English  libraries."  Mr.  Faxon 
spoke  like  the  expert  that  he  is,  and  after  his 
paper  answered  numerous  questions  regarding 
purchasing,  collating,  binding,  the  best  helps 
to  the  study  of  periodical  literature,  etc.  Mr. 
Faxon's  comparison  of  English  library  methods 
with  the  American  was  most  interesting,  es- 
pecially as  the  points  of  difference  were  largely 
in  our  favor.  It  was  a  privilege  to  see  Mr. 
Faxon's  exhibit  of  plates,  cards,  regulations, 
etc..  secured  at  the  English  libraries.  , 

The  other  paper  of  the  meeting  was  by  Prof. 
M.  D.  Bisbee,  of  Dartmouth  College,  upon 
"The  function  of  the  library  in  the  education 
of  life."  His  words  were  eloquent,  broad  and 
deep,  and  made  each  one  present  feel  that  in 
the  library  profession  also  there  is  now  no 
such  thing  as  a  "  finished  education,"  and  that 
"  graduation  to-day  merely  means  promotion." 
Prof.  Bisbee  instanced  the  Brooklyn  Institute 
as  a  wonderful  illustration  of  what  may  be 
done,  and  what  every  othe'r  town,  in  its  meas- 
ure, should  do. 


3I2 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


In  the  evening  an  informal  meeting  was  held. 
Mr.  Faxon  responded  to  the  general  desire  to 
hear  more  of  his  English  experiences,  and  the 
group,  seated  in  one  large  family  circle,  was 
loath  to  adjourn. 

GRACE  BLANCHARD,  Secretary. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  J:  B.  Thompson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Secretary :  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

THE  New  York  Library  Association  held  its 
annual  western  meeting  at  Rochester,  on  Friday 
and  Saturday,  May  14  and  15.  The  sessions 
were  held  in  the  common  council  chamber  of 
the  city  hall.  The  first  session  was  opened  on 
Friday  afternoon  at  2  p.m.  with  an  address  of 
welcome  by  Dr.  E.  M.  Moore,  president  of  the 
trustees  of  the  University  of  Rochester.  A.  L. 
Peck,  president  of  the  association,  responded  in 
a  short  address,  in  which  he  pointed  out  the 
notable  advance  of  library  interests  in  New 
York  state,  and  expressed  his  conviction  that 
"  the  law  should  make  provision  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  libraries  in  exactly  the  same  manner 
as  it  now  provides  for  schools.  Library  boards 
should  have  the  same  power  and  obligations  as 
school  boards.  Imagine  for  a  moment  our  pub- 
lic schools  maintained  by  subsidies,  occasionally 
passing  the  hat,  and  always  threatened  by 
abolishment." 

W.  R.  Eastman,  secretary  of  the  association, 
then  presented  a  review  of  "The  library  situa- 
tion in  West  Central  New  York."  He  reported 
that  in  eight  counties,  containing  the  cities  of 
Rochester,  Hornellsville,  Corning,  and  Geneva 
and  53  villages  with  a  population  of  509,000, 
are  121  libraries,  of  which  52  are  free  for  circula- 
tion, 86  are  school  libraries,  and  only  21  libraries 
separate  from  the  schools  are  free.  Of  146 
towns,  72  have  no  library.  The  best  libraries 
receive  little  or  nothing  from  local  taxation,  but 
the  value  of  any  library  is  greatly  increased  if 
recognized  as  a  public  necessity. 

The  subject  of  "village  libraries"  was  then 
discussed  by  several  speakers.  H.  K.  Arm- 
strong, president  of  the  Penn  Yan  Public  Libra- 
ry, answered  in  the  affirmative,  from  practical 
experience,  the  question  "  Can  the  average 
village  afford  a  public  library?"  "The  ways 
and  means  of  library  support"  and  "  State  aid 
to  libraries "  were  also  considered  and  illus- 
trated from  practical  experience,  although  the 
two  speakers  who  were  to  have  presented  those 
subjects  —  Mrs.  A.  M.  Dean,  of  the  Montour 
Falls  Free  Library,  and  Melvil  Dewey  —  were 
unable  to  be  present. 

Miss  Julia  C.  Hopkins,  reference  librarian  of 
the  Reynolds  Library,  Rochester,  followed  with 


an  interesting  paper  on  "  The  value  of  a  trained 
librarian  in  a  small  library."  The  chief  points 
in  which  a  trained  worker's  effectiveness  is  most 
clearly  shown  is  in  the  "knowing  how"  to 
take  up  and  carry  on  the  administration  of  a 
library  effectively  and  economically,  and  in  not 
wasting  time,  strength,  and  money  in  the  slow 
accumulation  of  knowledge  by  experience. 

The  evening  session  opened  at  eight  o'clock, 
with  an  address  on  "  What  a  public  library  may 
do  for  a  large  city,"  by  W.  H.  Brett,  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library.  Mr,  Brett  thought 
it  well  in  the  government  of  public  libraries  to 
make  the  relations  of  the  library  and  the  pub- 
lic a  matter  of  honor  rather  than  of  rule.  Open 
shelves  were,  in  a  way,  an  appeal  to  the  honor 
of  the  individual,  and  an  experiment  toward 
making  the  proper  use  of  books  a  matter  of 
honor  among  children  had  recently  been  started 
in  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  in  the  formation 
of  the  "  Library  league  "  for  boys  and  girls. 

Prof.  W.  C.  Morey,  of  the  University  of 
Rochester,  then  read  a  paper  on  "  The  Roches- 
ter libraries,"  describing  the  four  leading  li- 
braries of  Rochester.  These  are  the  Central 
Library,  the  law  library  of  the  Court  of  Ap- 
peals, the  Reynolds  Library,  and  the  library  of 
the  University  of  Rochester,  the  first  two  being 
supported  by  taxation,  and  the  others  by  en- 
dowment and  private  efforts. 

In  the  discussion  that  followed,  J.  N.  Larned, 
of  Buffalo,  told  of  the  recent  transformation  of 
the  proprietary  Buffalo  Library  to  the  free  cir- 
culating Buffalo  Public  Library,  for  the  sup- 
port of  which  the  city  is  to  pay  $57,000  this 
year.  Hon,  Charles  E.  Fitch,  chairman  of  the 
Regents  board  of  university  extension,  spoke 
of  the  remarkable  advance  of  library  interests 
in  two  decades,  tending  to  resolve  the  aristoc- 
racy of  libraries  into  a  democracy.  Rev.  W.  R. 
Taylor  spoke  of  the  library  as  the  distributor  of 
wealth  gathered  from  wide  reaches  of  country 
and  time. 

The  closing  session  of  the  meeting  was  held  at 
nine  o'clock  on  Saturday  morning.  The  subject 
of  "  Study  clubs  and  reading  circles  in  their  rela- 
tion to  public  libraries  "  was  presented  by  Miss 
Myrtilla  Avery,  chairman  of  the  library  com- 
mittee of  the  state  federation  of  women's  clubs, 
who  outlined  a  plan  for  an  organization  cover- 
ing the  state  for  the  promotion  of  public  libra- 
ries as  an  essential  to  all  literary  work  and  a 
most  important  means  of  public  usefulness. 
Miss  Richardson,  of  Ilion,  read  a  paper  by  Miss 
Hazeltine,  of  Jamestown,  regarding  club  work 
in  that  city,  and  a  number  of  members  reported 
experiences  of  similar  work  and  spoke  of  the 
value  of  co-operation  with  the  clubs. 

In  the  concluding  discussion  a  lively  debate 
arose  over  the  place  that  should  be  accorded  to 
books  of  imagination  in  children's  reading.  It 
was  evoked  by  a  protest  against  "wasting 
children's  time  on  foolish,  untrue,  nonsensical 
reading  such  as  fairy  tales  and  much  of  the 
current  fiction,"  and  it  demonstrated  that  the 
"  Gradgrind "  theory  was  not  generally  ap- 
proved of.  A  committee  on  legislation  was 
appointed,  and  soon  after  the  discussion  the 
meeting  adjourned. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


3'3 


OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOC/A  TION. 

President :  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary :  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton. 

Treasurer:  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

THE  Ohio  Library  Association  committee  on 
co-operation  with  the  state  teachers'  association 
has  been  given  space  on  the  program  of  the 
latter  association  at  its  annual  meeting,  to  be 
held  in  Toledo  June  29 -July  i.  One  session, 
on  July  i,  will  be  given  up  to  the  committee. 
At  this  meeting  the  subject  of  co-operation  be- 
tween schools  and  libraries  will  be  strongly  pre- 
sented, and  efforts  will  be  made  toward  the 
establishment  of  a  library  section  of  the  state 
teachers'  association. 

PENNSYL  VA  NIA   L IBRA  R  Y  CL  VB. 

President :  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

THE  May  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  on  invitation  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Apprentices'  Library  in  the  handsome 
new  quarters  of  that  library,  at  Broad  and 
Brandywine  streets.  The  meeting  was  well  at- 
tended, between  60  and  70  members  being  pres- 
ent. It  was  unanimously  resolved  to  appropri- 
ate $15  as  a  club  subscription  to  the  Poole 
memorial  fund.  Various  reports  were  made 
from  the  chair,  among  which  was  the  announce- 
ment that  as  a  result  of  the  recent  meetings  at 
Atlantic  City  and  Reading  a  free  public  library 
was  agreed  upon  to  be  established  at  Atlantic 
City,  and  the  prospects  of  obtaining  one  in 
Reading  had  very  considerably  improved.  The 
amendments  proposed  in  the  senate  on  the  tariff 
bill  were  considered,  and  it  was  felt  that  the 
efforts  of  the  Free  Library  to  bring  about  this 
amendment  deserved  cordial  recognition.  The 
proposal  to  change  the  day  of  the  regular  month- 
ly meeting  from  Monday  to  Tuesday  was  nega- 
tived, but  it  was  resolved  to  hold  seven  regular 
meetings  hereafter  in  each  year  instead  of  five. 

The  chairman  then  introduced  Mr.  Henry 
Hanby  Hay,  of  Girard  College,  who  delivered 
an  eloquent  and  very  interesting  address  on 
"Macbeth,"  in  which  he  analyzed  the  play. 
Whether  his  hearers  fully  agreed  with  him  or 
not,  they  seemed  much  interested,  and  a  unani- 
mous vote  of  thanks  was  passed  to  Mr.  Hay 
for  the  entertainment  he  had  afforded. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Wales, 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Braddock. 

TIIK  May  meeting  of  the  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania Library  Club  was  held  in  the  lecture- 
rooms  of  the  Carnegie  Library  of  Pittsburgh  on 
the  evening  of  May  20.  Instead  of  the  usual 


program,  the  club  and  its  invited  guests  had 
the  pleasure  of  listening  to  a  lecture  on  "  Eng- 
lish literature  before  Chaucer,"  delivered  by 
Samuel  Harden  Church,  author  of  the  well- 
known  work  on  Oliver  Cromwell. 

A  short  business  session  was  held  after  the 
lecture,  at  which  officers  for  the  ensuing  year 
were  elected  as  follows:  President,  W:  M. 
Stevenson,  Carnegie  Free  Library,  Allegheny  ; 
Vice-presidents,  Miss  Helen  Sperry,  Carnegie 
Free  Library,  Braddock,  and  Mrs.  Julia  Blair, 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Allegheny  ;  Secretary- 
treasurer,  Miss  Elizabeth  Wales,  Carnegie  Free 
Library,  Braddock. 

This  constituted  the  last  meeting  of  the  year, 
the  next  regular  meeting  coming  on  the  second 
Thursday  of  November. 

W:  R:  WATSON,  Secretary-treasurer. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOC/A  TION, 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN     TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 


Cibrarrj  Clubs. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary:  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  Armour  In- 
stitute, Chicago,  111. 

Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Public  Li- 
braries, 215  Madison  street. 

A  MKETING  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Chicago  Library  Club  was  held  April  22,  to  pro- 
test against  the  tariff  on  books  provided  by  the 
Dingley  bill,  and  also  to  take  action  against  the 
removal  of  Mr.  Crandall  from  his  position  as 
Superintendent  of  Public  Documents. 

Vigorous  letters  of  protest  were  drawn  up 
and  sent  to  the  senators  from  Illinois. 

MARGARET  MANN,  Secretary. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 

"  A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going— and  to,  good-day  I " 

Miss  L.  E.  STKARNS  tendered  a  dinner  to  the 
members  of  the  Round  Table  on  May  24.  in 
honor  of  her  successor.  Miss  Mary  Louise  Still- 
man.  A  paper  by  the  Rev.  E.  M.  Fain  hild.  mi 
"  Methods  of  library  work  Jfur  the  children," 
was  read  and  discussed. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  A.  E.  Bostwick,  N.  Y.  Free 
Circulating  Library. 

Secretary  :  T:  W.  Idle,  Columbia  University 
Library. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  N.  Y. 
Free  Circulating  Library. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:   W.    P.    Cutter.    U.    S.    Dept.   of 

Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer:  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 

THE  24th  regular  meeting  of  the  Library  As- 
sociation of  Washington  City  was  held  at  the 
Columbian  University,  Wednesday  evening, 
May  26,  1897.  This  meeting  is  the  last  one  for 
the  season. 

The  resignation  of  Miss  Adelaide  R.  Hasse 
from  the  executive  committee  was  accepted 
with  regret.  Miss  Hasse  carries  the  best  wishes 
of  the  association  with  her  to  her  new  post  in 
the  New  York  Public  Library. 

A  committee  of  three  members  was  appointed 
to  consider  the  feasibility  of  having  an  exhibi- 
tion of  rare  books. 

Miss  Margaret  C.  Dyer  then  read  a  very  in- 
teresting account  of  "The  first  library  confer- 
ence in  Australia." 

Mr.  Oliver  L.  Fassig's  paper  was  entitled 
"  Contributions  to  an  index  to  the  literature  of 
meteorology,"  and  commanded  the  earnest  at- 
tention of  his  hearers.  The  subject  being  one  to 
which  he  has  devoted  the  most  of  his  time  for 
a  number  of  years,  he  was  particularly  well 
qualified  to  speak  upon  it.  An  abstract  of  Mr. 
Fassig's  paper  is  given  elsewhere. 

F.  H.  PARSONS,  Secretary. 

Cibrarg  Schools  and  (Training  (Classes. 

NEW  YORK  STA  TE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

THE  school  year  will  close  June  18.  The  fol- 
lowing subjects  have  been  covered  by  original 
bibliographies  and  theses,  submitted  as  part  of 
the  conditions  for  graduation  by  the  present 
class: 

BIBLIOGRAPHIES. 

History  of  the  latter  half  of  the  isth  century. 
(Reading  list.)  Etheldred  Abbot. 

Renaissance  art.  (Reading  list.)  Anne  S. 
Ames  and  Elizabeth  P.  Andrews. 

Cycling.     Louise  Langworthy. 

Practical  philanthropy  through  scientific 
study:  outlines  and  references  for  a  two-years' 
course.  Isabel  E.  Lord. 

Index  to  subject  bibliographies  in  library 
bulletins.  Alice  Newman. 

Minor  American  poets,  from  1860 -date.  (Se- 
lect.) Bessie  S.  Smith. 

The  Netherlands.  (Reading  list.)  Elisabeth 
G.  Thorne. 

Tramps  and  vagrants.     Lucy  D.  Waterman. 


Recent  translators  of  literature,  biography, 
and  travel.     Etheldred  Abbot. 


Debatable  land.     Anne-S.  Ames. 

Fiction  in  libraries:  with  suggestions  for  a 
black  list  and  a  stepping  stone  list.  Elizabeth 
P.  Andrews. 

Advantages  and  disadvantages  of  the  classed 
catalog.  Louise  Langworthy. 

The  librarian  and  modern  literature:  with  a 
suggested  course  of  reading  in  preparation  for 
the  Library  School.  Isabel  E.  Lord. 

The  librarian  and  standard  literature:  with  a 
suggested  course  of  reading  in  preparation  for 
the  Library  School.  Alice  Newman  and  Lucy 
D.  Waterman. 

Music  in  libraries.     Bessie  S.  Smith. 

Modern  American  illustrators.  Elisabeth  G. 
Thorne. 

Eight  or  nine  of  the  school  will  attend  the 
meeting  of  the  American  Library  Association 
in  Philadelphia.  MARY  SALOME  CUTLER. 

NEW  YORK  STATE  LIBRARY,  I 
June  4,  1897.  i 


flemeros. 


THWAITES,  Reuben  Gold,  ed.     The  Jesuit  rela- 
tions and  allied  documents  :  travels  and  ex- 
plorations of  the  Jesuit  missionaries  in  New 
France,    1610-1791;    the    original    French, 
Latin,  and  Italian  texts,  with  English  trans- 
lations and  notes,     v.    1-6.     Cleveland,  The 
Burrows  Bros  Co.,  1896-1897.     6  v.     O. 
The  publication  in  collected  form  of  "  The  Jes- 
uit relations  and  allied  documents,"  lately  begun 
through  the  enterprise  of  the  Burrows  Brothers 
Company,  of    Cleveland,   is   one   of  the  most 
important  undertakings  of  the  century  in  the 
field  of  American  history.     Mr.   Reuben  Gold 
Thwaites,  secretary  of  the  State  Historical  So- 
ciety of  Wisconsin,  is  the  editor,  and  his  name 
is  ample  guarantee  that  the  work  will  be  well 
performed.     The   plan  of  the   new  edition  in- 
cludes  upwards   of  200  letters   and   relations, 
which  it  is  estimated  will  fill  over  60  volumes, 
covering  a  period  of  nearly  two  centuries,  from 
1610  to  1791.     The  original  French,  Latin,  and 
Italian  texts  are  reproduced  with  fidelity,  and 
they  are  accompanied  in  each  case  by  an  Eng- 
lish translation  on  opposite  pages.     Historical 
and    geographical   notes   are   added,   and   full 
bibliographical  details  are  supplied.     There  are 
also  maps,  portraits,  and  numerous  fac-similes 
of  title-pages. 

The  six  volumes  already  issued  contain  23 
documents.  Beginning  with  the  introduction,  a 
concise  sketch  is  given  of  early  explorations  in 
Canada,  and  of  the  establishment  of  the  different 
missions.  Volume  i  (Acadia,  1610-13)  con- 
tains the  earliest  documents  on  the  Port  Royal 
mission,  including  Lescarbot's  "  Conversion  des 
sauvages  en  la  Nouvelle  France,"  Bertrand's 
"  Lettre  missive,"  on  the  same  subject,  and  let- 
ters of  Pierre  Biard,  Ennemond  Masse,  and  Jo- 
seph Jouvency.  Other  letters  of  Biard  and  the 
valuable  "  Relation  derniere"  of  Lescarbot  fol- 
low in  vol.  2  (Acadia,  1612-14).  The  first  por- 
tion of  Biard's  detailed  "  Relation  de  la  Nou- 
velle France,"  Lyons,  1616,  is  printed  in  vol.  3 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


3*5 


(Acadia,  1611-16),  and  the  concluding  portion 
in  vol.  4  (Acadia  and  Quebec,  1616-29),  which 
also  contains  five  letters  of  Charles  Lalemant  on 
the  new  mission  at  Quebec.  Vol.  5  (Quebec, 
1632-33)  opens  with  Paul  Le  Jeune's  "  Brieve 
relation  "  of  1632  —  the  first  of  the  regular  se- 
ries —  and  closes  with  the  first  portion  of  his 
Relation  of  1633,  which  is  concluded  in  vol.  6 
(Quebec,  1633-34),  where  the  Relation  of  1634 
begins. 

The  succeeding  volumes  will  continue  the  his- 
tory of  the  missions  at  Quebec,  and  at  Montreal 
from  its  founding  in  1642  ;  the  missions  among 
the  Hurons  from  1634  to  their  ruin  and  disper- 
sion in  1649-50;  among  the  Tobacco  Nation  and 
the  Neutrals  from  1639;  among  the  Montagnais 
and  on  the  Kennebec  from  1646;  and  in  other 
places  farther  north  and  west.  The  first  Iro- 
quois  mission  was  in  1642;  Jogues  was  martyred 
in  1646,  and  Brebeuf  and  Lalemant  met  the  same 
fate  in  1649.  In  1641  the  Ottawa  mission  was 
started  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  and  it  was  continued 
among  the  Illinois  until  the  middle  of  the  next 
century.  The  Louisiana  mission  lasted  from 
1698  to  about  1770.  The  documents  which  are 
to  follow  have  been  gathered  from  all  available 
sources.  In  addition  to  the  entire  series  of 
original  Cramoisy  Relations,  there  will  be  in- 
corporated the  whole  of  the  series  published  by 
Dr.  Shea,  the  O'Callaghan  reprints,  the  "Jour- 
nal des  Jesuits,"  the  "Relations  inedites  de  la 
Nouvelle-France,  1672  -  79,"  selections  from  the 
"  Lettres  edifiantes,"  many  privately-printed  let- 
ters and  relations,  and  much  material  from  un- 
published manuscripts.  Beginning  with  the 
sixth  volume,  the  bibliographical  data  will  be 
revised  by  Mr.  Victor  H.  Paltsits,  of  the  Lenox 
Library  staff. 

It  is  now  just  50  years  since  Dr.  O'Callaghan 
called  attention  to  the  Relations  and  to  their 
value  as  material  for  history.  In  his  paper 
read  before  the  New  York  Historical  Society  in 
1847,  and  printed  in  the  same  year  as  a  sepa- 
rate pamphlet,  he  says  :  "  No  historian  can  enter 
fully  into  an  investigation  of  the  circumstances 
attendant  on  the  first  settlement  of  this  country 
without  being  conversant  with  them,  and  those 
who  pretend  to  acquit  themselves  of  such  a 
task  without  previously  studying  these  works 
afford  only  a  proof  of  their  unfitness  for  the 
duty."  Parkman  also  speaks  of  the  high  place 
they  hold  as  authentic  and  trustworthy  histori- 
cal documents.  "With  regard,"  he  says,  "to 
the  condition  and  character  of  the  primitive  in- 
habitants of  North  America,  it  is  impossible  to 
exaggerate  their  value  as  an  authority;"  and 
he  thinks  "  it  is  wonderful  that  they  have  been 
left  so  long  in  obscurity." 

The  regular  series  of  Relations,  as  originally 
printed  by  the  Cramoisys  at  Paris,  comprises 
41  volumes,  containing  the  annual  reports  sent 
by  the  superior  of  the  missions  in  Canada  to 
the  provincial  of  the  order  in  France,  from 
1632  to  1672,  inclusive.  Dr.  O'Callaghan's  es- 
say was  the  earliest  monograph  on  the  subject, 
and  in  it  he  gives  a  eatalogut  raisonn/f,  with  a 
table  showing  in  what  collections,  public  and 
private,  copies  could  then  be  found.  A  revised 
edition  of  this  table  was  printed  in  1853,  as  a 


separate  broadside.  From  the  first  list  it  ap- 
pears that  in  1847  Mr.  John  Carter  Brown 
owned  37,  Harvard  College  35,  Henry  C.  Mur- 
phy 29,  Hon.  Albert  Gallatin  20,  Rev.  Mr. 
Plante  20,  and  others  a  scattering  number.  la 
the  list  of  1853  the  Parliamentary  Library  at 
Quebec  was  accredited  with  a  complete  set  of 
41,  Mr.  Lenox  with  33,  Rev.  Mr.  Plante  with 
25,  George  Bancroft  with  22,  and  the  New  York 
State  Library  with  22,  contemporary  reprints 
and  duplicates  not  being  counted.  In  1851  the 
Parliamentary  Library  had  acquired  30  volumes 
of  the  Relations,  for  the  sum  of  fioo,  from  the 
estate  of  the  veteran  John  Neilson,  publisher  of 
the  Quebec  Gazette  from  1796  to  1848;  but  in 
1854  the  library  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Four 
years  later  the  Canadian  government  repub- 
lished  the  complete  series  of  Relations  in  three 
large  octavo  volumes. 

Until  recently  no  complete  set  of  the  original 
editions  was  to  be  found  in  any  one  library.  In 
1893  the  Lenox  Library  set  contained  38  of  the 
volumes,  when  the  purchase  in  that  year  of  the 
library  of  the  Hon.  George  Bancroft  added 
one  lo  the  series,  and  a  few  months  later  the 
two  remaining  volumes  were  obtained  at  pri- 
vate sale.  The  set  thus  completed  contains  in 
addition  14  contemporary  reprints  and  varia- 
tions, making  a  total  of  55  volumes,  excluding 
duplicates,  and  it  is  on  this  set  that  the  present 
reproduction  is  mainly  based. 

U.  S.  BUREAU  OK  EDUCATION.  Public,  society, 
and  school  libraries  in  the  United  States; 
with  library  statistics  and  legislation  of  the 
.  various  states:  chapters  from  the  report  of 
the  Commissioner  of  Education  for  1895-96 
[p.  340-599].  Washington,  Gov.  Print.  Of- 
fice, 1897.  O. 

In  this  valuable  advance  issue  of  chapters 
eight  and  nine  of  the  forthcoming  report  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Education,  the  libraries  of 
the  United  States  have  been  made  the  subject 
of  exhaustive  statistical  investigation,  supple- 
menting and  bringing  up  to  date  the  similar 
work  done  by  the  Bureau  in  1891.  The  results 
are  interesting  in  their  evidence  of  the  increase 
and  development  of  libraries  in  recent  years, 
and  the  publication  is  most  welcome  as  a  hand- 
book of  American  libraries.  Unfortunately, 
its  fullest  usefulness  is  limited  by  the  fact  — 
too  often  true  of  the  most  valuable  publications 
of  the  government  —  that  the  edition  issued  is 
so  small  that  no  copies  are  available  for  gen- 
eral distribution.  It  will,  of  course,  be  in- 
cluded in  the  forthcoming  report  of  the  com- 
missioner, and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  later  a 
second  separate  edition  may  be  issued  to  sup- 
ply the  certain  demand. 

The  statistics  collected  are  for  the  year  1896, 
and  show  a  total  of  4026  public  and  school 
libraries  in  the  United  States,  containing  over 
looo  volumes  each.  In  ail  about  8000  re- 
sponses were  received  in  reply  to  the  15,000 
blank  forms  sent  out  by  the  Bureau  between 
April  i  and  August  I,  1896.  Of  these,  3167 
libraries  reported  less  than  1000  but  over  300 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


volumes,  and  nearly  1000  had  less  than  300 
volumes  each.  In  the  first  notable  library  re- 
port issued  by  the  government,  that  of  1872, 
1080  libraries  containing  over  1000  volumes  each 
were  listed;  in  1875  there  were  2039,  this  list 
being  included  in  the  great  special  report  of 
1876;  in  the  report  of  1884-85,  2988  similar  li- 
braries were  recorded;  and  in  1891  it  is  stated 
that  data  as  to  3503  libraries  of  over  1000  vol- 
umes was  collected  for  the  circular  of  informa- 
tion on  "Statistics  of  public  libraries"  issued 
in  1893.  A  comparison  of  the  libraries  listed  in 
1891  and  those  given  in  the  1896  record  is  made 
as  follows:  "  The  number  of  volumes  in  the  4026 
public  and  school  libraries  in  1896  was  33,051,- 
872.  This  was  an  increase  of  7,074,229  over 
the  number  of  volumes  reported  by  the  3503 
libraries  of  the  same  kind  in  1891.  Here  is  an 
increase  of  over  27  per  cent,  in  the  number  of 
volumes,  while  the  increase  in  the  number  of 
libraries  was  scarcely  15  per  cent."  It  must  be 
said,  however,  that  an  actual  comparison  of  the 
figures  for  1891  with  those  in  the  present  re- 
port does  not  bear  out  this  statement.  In  the 
statistics  for  1891  we  find  a  total  of  3804  (not 
3503)  libraries  of  over  1000  volumes,  containing 
26,896,537  volumes  (not  25,977,643  as  given  in 
the  present  report),  which  would  show  an  in- 
crease during  the  past  five  years  of  6,155,335 
and  not  of  7,074,872  volumes.  The  discrepancy 
is  not  a  serious  one,  and  it  is  probable  that  the 
error  may  lie  in  the  1891  figures,  but  it  would 
have  been  desirable  to  have  pointed  this  out  in 
making  the  comparison,  for  in  a  report  based 
wholly  upon  statistics,  a  patent  discrepancy  in 
some  statistics  awakens  doubt  of  all. 

The  1896  statistics  regarding  libraries  are 
given  in  many  varied  tabulations,  which  are 
concisely  summarized.  It  is  shown  that  the 
greatest  increase  in  the  number  of  volumes  has 
taken  place  in  the  north  Atlantic  division, 
"  which  shows  an  increase  of  more  than  28  per 
cent,  in  the  five  years."  In  the  north  central 
division  there  has  been  an  increase  of  28  per 
cent.,  while  in  the  western  division  the  in- 
crease was  nearly  40  per  cent.  The  4026  li- 
braries report  a  total  of  5,444,788  unbound 
pamphlets.  The  preliminary  statistical  tables 
show,  besides  the  number  of  libraries  and  num- 
ber of  volumes,  the  additions  and  circulation, 
sources  of  support;  general  classification  of 
libraries,  as  general,  school,  college,  law,  medi- 
cal, etc.;  classification  according  to  size;  amount 
of  income;  and  two  comparative  summaries  as 
to  distribution  of  libraries  and  of  volumes  in 
1891  and  1896,  in  which  the  discrepancies  re- 
ferred to  again  occur;  besides  summaries  relat- 
ing to  libraries  of  less  than  1000  volumes.  An 
interesting  feature  is  a  chart  of  the  United 
States,  showing  by  means  of  graduated  shad- 
ings  the  number  of  volumes  to  each  100  popu- 
lation in  1896.  In  the  record  by  states,  New 
York  leads  in  number  of  libraries  (572),  and 
comes  second  in  number  of  volumes,  which  are 
given  as  5,251,347;  Massachusetts  has  494  li- 
braries and  5,450,397  volumes;  Pennsylvania  is 
third,  with  330  libraries  and  2,964,761  volumes; 
Illinois  fourth,  with  214  libraries  and  1,822,580 
volumes;  and  Ohio  fifth,  with  202  libraries 


and  1,587,891  volumes;  but  the  most  gratifying 
showing  is  in  the  less  imposing  figures  reveal- 
ing the  large  increase  of  libraries  in  states  where 
in  former  reports  library  statistics  were  but 
meagre.  These  tables  and  their  summaries  are 
followed  by  the  full  list  of  libraries  containing 
over  looo  volumes,  modelled  upon  the  similar 
list  in  previous  reports,  and  giving  information 
on  some  25  items.  This  list  covers  about  150 
pages. 

One  curious  error  should  be  noted  in  the  tab- 
ulation showing  the  "general  classification  of 
libraries "  on  page  344.  This  records  but  26 
state  libraries  for  the  50  states  and  territories. 
Those  listed  as  possessing  no  state  or  territorial 
library  are  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  Dela- 
ware, Maryland,  Virginia,  Georgia,  Florida, 
Oklahoma,  Indian  Territory,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Missouri,  North  and 
South  Dakota,  Kansas,  Montana,  Wyoming, 
New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Nevada,  Idaho,  Wash- 
ington, and  California.  Of  these  all,  except 
Indian  Territory,  possess  state  libraries,  some 
of  them  among  the  best  in  the  country.  Four 
states  —  Massachusetts,  New  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  Illinois  —  are  listed  as  possessing  two 
state  libraries  each.  These  are  surprising  er- 
rors in  a  list  which  should  be  authoritative  on 
the  subject  treated,  and  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand how  they  could  have  escaped  notice  and 
correction. 

Chapter  nine  of  the  report  (p.  524-599)  is 
devoted  to  a  valuable  summary  of  library  legis- 
lation in  the  United  States,  giving  facts  as  to 
the  establishment  of  district  and  school  libra- 
ries, helpful  suggestions  as  to  what  a  library 
law  should  effect,  a  concise  resume  of  library 
legislation  in  the  various  states,  with  biblio- 
graphical references,  and  a  collection  of  the 
library  laws  of  the  various  states  and  territor- 
ies, arranged  alphabetically  by  states  and  given 
in  chronological  sequence  under  the  state.  The 
value  of  this  comprehensive  summary  of  library 
legislation  can  hardly  be  overestimated. 

WEEKS,  Stephen    B.     Libraries   and   literature 
in    North     Carolina    in     the    i8th    century. 
(From  the  annual  report  of  the  American  His- 
torical Association   for   1895,  pp.    171-267.) 
Washington,  Gov.  Print.  Office,  1896.     8°. 
Dr.  Weeks  divides  his  paper  into  two  parts  : 
(i)  libraries,  (2)  literature;  but   we  shall   con- 
sider the  former  only.     In  the  introduction  he 
states  his  purpose,  as  being  to  reconstruct,  as 
clearly  and  fully  as  possible,  one  phase  of  the 
intellectual   history   of  early    North   Carolina; 
"and  he  intends  this  paper  to  be  complemen- 
tary and  supplementary  to  his  earlier  one  on 
"  The  press  of  North  Carolina  in  the  i8th  cen- 
tury."    After  briefly  outlining  the  early  history 
of  the  colony  and  "  the  first  attempts  at  educa- 
tion "  —  which  "the  proprietors  shamefully  neg- 
lected,"   since    "they    cared    neither    for    the 
spiritual  nor  the  intellectual  man  "  and  "  reconed 
the  lives  of  the  colonists  only  in  quitrents  and 
taxes "  —  he    discusses    the    first    libraries    in 
the    state.     "  Books  "   are   given   a  prominent 
place  in  wills  as  early  as   1676,  but  the   first 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


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parish  or  public  library  dates  from  1700,  and  was 
due  to  the  energy  of  Rev.  Thomas  Bray,  founder 
of  the  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel. 
The  library  was  established  in  the  town  of 
Bath,  and  in  1715  the  legislature  of  the  state 
passed  an  act  for  its  preservation  —  "  the  only 
act  passed  during  the  proprietary  period  en- 
couraging literature,  and  the  only  one  relating 
to  libraries  passed  in  North  Carolina  before  the 
Revolution."  The  14  sections  of  the  act  relat- 
ing to  the  library  are  given  entire.  At  least 
two  other  parish  libraries,  somewhat  similar  to 
the  one  founded  by  Bray,  were  established,  one 
in  1708  and  the  other  about  the  same  year. 
Edward  Moseley  gave  the  Society  for  the  Propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  j£ro,  in  1720,  for  the  pur- 
chase of  books,  and  three  years  later  sent  the 
society  a  catalog  of  the  books  he  had  purchased 
for  a  library  "  to  be  kept  at  Edenton."  Near- 
ly all  the  books,  76  in  number,  are  in  Latin, 
Greek,  or  Hebrew,  and,  as  maybe  imagined, 
are  theological  or  scholastic  in  character.  In 
discussing  the  Moseley  library  Dr.  Weeks  has 
confused  the  library  of  the  American  Philo- 
sophical Society  with  the  Library  Company  of 
Philadelphia.  He  speaks  of  the  former,  which 
was  founded,  in  1743,  when  he  means  the  latter, 
founded  in  1731  —  "  the  mother  of  all  the  North 
American  subscription  libraries." 

There  were  a  number  of  other  libraries  in  the 
state  in  the  i8th  century,  public  and  private, 
but  little,  indeed,  is  known  of  them,  and  this  is 
constantly  evident  in  Dr.  Weeks's  paper  by  the 
lack  of  definiteness  in  his  statements,  due  to 
the  loss  or  destruction  of  the  records  of  their 
history.  No  one  feels  this  loss  more  keenly 
than  Dr.  Weeks.  The  so-called  public  libraries 
of  the  state  certainly  exerted  little  influence  on 
the  people  of  the  last  century.  S:  H.  R. 

Cibrarn  Cconomn  nub  ijistonj. 

LOCAL, 

Albany  (N.  Y.)  Y.  M.  C.  A.  L.  (Rpt.  — year 
ending  March  I.)  Added  540;  total  4713.  Is- 
sued, home  use  7776  (net.  4008);  lib.  use  9229. 
There  are  144  periodicals  in  the  reading-room. 

Atlanta,  Ga.  Y.  M.  L.  A.  (Rpt.  — year 
ending  May  I,  "97.)  Added  433;  total  17,266. 
Issued  21,468,  an  increase  of  over  4000  above 
the  previous  year's  record.  Membership  770. 

"A  new  book-room,  well  lighted  and  equipped 
with  modern  appliances  in  the  way  of  steel 
book-stacks,  card  catalogs,  etc.,  is  a  much- 
needed  addition.  It  is  almost  needless  to  call 
attention  to  our  inadequate  classification  and 
printed  catalog.  The  library  is  ?o  hampered 
in  this  direction  that  the  good  work  being  done 
is  small  when  compared  with  what  might  be 
accomplished  if  the  library  were  well  equipped." 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  The  matter  of  estab- 
lishing a  public  library  was  brought  up  before 
the  city  council  on  May  10,  when  the  city  so- 
licit >r  presented  a  full  statement  of  the  action 
necessary  to  secure  its  establishment,  namely, 
the  submission  of  the  matter  to  popular  vote, 
in  accordance  of  the  library  law  of  the  state. 


Attleboro(Mass.)F.P.L.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  Added 
(since  May,  '96)  225  ;  total  not  given.  Issued 
24,901;  registration  1075.  "Owing  to  the 
changes  in  the  library  now  in  progress"  it  is 
impossible  to  report  fully  on  the  details  of  the 
work.  Miss  Allen,  formerly  assistant  at  the 
Pawtucket  Library,  was  appointed  librarian  in 
May,  1896,  and  at  once  introduced  new  methods 
of  administration.  The  open-shelf  system  has 
been  adopted,  as  has  the  issue  of  special  cards 
for  teachers,  and  the  classification  of  the  libra- 
ry, according  to  the  Dewey  system,  has  been 
undertaken. 

Augusta,  Ga.  Y.  M.  L.  A.  (Rpt.  —  year 
ending  April  i,  '97.)  Added  63  ;  total  not 
given.  Issued  3568  (fict.  2874) ;  subscribers 
and  members  225.  Receipts  $390.47;  expenses 
$364.90. 

Belfast  (Me.)  F.  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  Added 
647;  total  7747.  Issued  25,092  (fict.,  not  in- 
cluding juv.  fict.,  58^).  New  registration  195  ; 
total  registration  1963.  Receipts  $1854.43  ',  ex- 
penses $1809.51. 

The  librarian  suggests  "that  this  loth  year 
of  our  library's  history  be  made  a  notable 
one  by  planning  for  future  needs  and  by  devot- 
ing a  generous  sum  for  interior  improve- 
ments." 

Berlin,  Wis.  The  Berlin  Library  Benefit 
Co.  has  been  formed  to  raise  money  for  the 
public  library.  An  advisory  committee  has 
been  appointed,  containing  representatives  of 
the  school  board,  city  officials,  school  alumni, 
schools  and  federated  clubs. 

Boston  P.  L.  At  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  on 
May  28  it  was  finally  decided  that  the  bronze 
statue  of  a  bacchante,  by  Frederick  MacMon- 
nies,  presented  to  th«  library  by  C.  F.  McKim 
last  autumn,  was  unsuitable  for  the  library,  and 
that  Mr.  McKim's  offer  to  withdraw  it  should 
be  accepted. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Institute  of  Art  sand  Sciences. 
On  June  2  the  first  section  of  the  magnificent 
museum  building  of  the  Institute  was  formally 
opened  to  the  public.  It  will  be  chiefly  devoted 
to  the  exhibition  of  the  collections  in  science 
and  art. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  A.  On  May  18  Gov- 
ernor Black  signed  the  bill  Introduced  into  the 
legislature  by  Assemblyman  Murray,  authoriz- 
ing the  city  of  Brooklyn  to  set  aside  property 
for  a  site  for  a  public  library. 

Butte(Afont.)F.  P.  L.  The  third  annual  re- 
port of  the  library,  for  the  year  ending  April 
I,  was  presented  to  the  city  council  by  Librarian 
Davies  on  April  21.  The  statistics  are  at  fol- 
lows: Added  2084;  total  21,022.  Issued,  home 
use  74, 296  (fict.  74.57 %>  magazines,  etc.  2.75  *): 
lib.  use  44,348.  New  registration  611;  total 
cards  In  use  3782.  Expenses,  maintenance 
$10,387.43,  book  fund  $1529.95. 

"  Since  the  opening  of  the  library.  Feb.  7, 
1894,  209,713  v.  have  been  issued  for  home 
use."  The  reference  use  of  the  library  and  its 
connection  with  the  schools  are  constantly 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


growing  in  importance,  and  the  library  itself 
seems  to  have  become  a  chief  factor  in  the  life 
of  the  city.  Mr.  Davies's  report  is  interesting 
and  encouraging,  and  to  his  persistent  enthusi- 
asm may  be  traced  many  of  the  excellent  re- 
sults presented. 

Concord  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  (23d  rpt. —  year 
ending  March  I,  '97.)  Added  914;  total  28,714. 
Issued,  home  use  27,021  (fict.  and  juv.  64$);  no 
record  of  lib.  use  is  kept. 

The  librarian  suggests  a  modification  of  the 
two-book  system  "to  the  extent  of  allowing 
borrowers  to  take  two  books  of  any  kind  they 
please,  fiction  or  otherwise,  limiting  it  only  in 
regard  to  new  books,  only  one  of  which  shall 
be  taken  on  a  card." 

Danville  (///.)/>.  Z.  Added  688;  total  8646. 
Issued,  home  use  30,706  (fict.  13,936,  juv.  9366), 
of  which  1417  were  issued  to  teachers.  New 
registration  374;  total  registration  6002. 

Dubuque  (fa.)  F.  M.  L.  A.  (Rpt.  —  year 
ending  April  I.)  Added  632;  total  not  given. 
Issued  31,416.  Receipts  $3891;  expenses  $3812. 

The  circulation  shows  an  increase  of  830  over 
1895.  During  the  year  the  library  was  classi- 
fied and  cataloged  by  Miss  Maude  Straight,  a 
graduate  of  the  Armour  Institute  library  class. 

Germantown  (Phila.)  Friends'  F.  L.  (Rpt., 
1896.)  Added  533;  total  19,298.  Issued  11,542; 
vists  18,759.  New  registration  333;  total  users 
1350. 

Appended  is  a  list  of  books  added  in  1896. 

Hallo-well,  Me.  Hubbard  F.  L.  At  the  an- 
nual meeting  of  the  trustees,  held  May  3,  a  gift 
of  $10,000  was  announced  for  an  addition  of  a 
wing  to  the  library  building.  The  name  of  the 
giver  will  not  be  made  public  until  the  new 
wing  is  dedicated. 

Helena  (Mont.)  P.  L.  The  remodelled  library 
building  was  formally  opened  on  the  evening 
of  May  21.  The  exercises,  which  were  largely 
attended,  were  held  in  the  auditorium  of  the 
building,  and  an  attractive  feature  was  the 
singing  by  a  chorus  of  2000  school-children. 
The  chief  address  of  the  evening  was  by  ex- 
Gov.  Joseph  K.  Toole,  and  Prof.  J.  E.  Klock, 
superintendent  of  city  schools,  spoke  upon 
"  The  proper  co-operation  between  school  and 
library."  At  the  close  of  the  exercise  the 
building  was  thrown  open  for  public  inspec- 
tion. 

The  changes  made  will  give  the  library  much 
better  facilities  for  its  work.  A  new  and  more 
convenient  entrance  has  been  provided,  mak- 
ing the  entrance-hall  more  central  in  its  relation 
to  the  two  floors  occupied  by  the  library.  The 
second  floor  is  principally  given  up  to  the  large 
reading-room,  connected  with  which  is  the 
reference  department.  On  the  lower  floor  is 
the  circulating  department,  which  is  to  be  con- 
ducted on  the  free-access  system.  The  book- 
shelves have  been  rearranged,  so  as  to  allow 
room  for  readers  to  pass  among  them,  and 
it  is  intended  to  give  the  new  system  a 
thorough  trial.  If  it  proves  unsatisfactory  and 


results  in  loss  of  books,  a  return  will  be  made 
to  the  former  plan.  The  library  hours  are  for 
the  circulating  department,  8:30  a.m.  to  9  p.m. ; 
for  the  reading-room,  8:30  a.m.  to  10  p.m.  On 
Sundays  and  holidays  the  reading-room  is 
open  from  2  to  10  p.m. 

According  to  the  report  of  the  trustees,  sub- 
mitted to  the  mayor  on  April  27,  the  library 
now  contains  19,068  v.,  and  had  in  1896  a  home 
circulation  of  over  72,000  v.  and  a  reading-room 
attendance  of  about  80,000  persons. 

Hempstead  (Mass.)  P.  L.  The  new  library 
building  was  dedicated  on  May  19. 

Hornellsville  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  (2gth  rpt.)  Add- 
ed 636;  total  not  given.  Issued  33,093  (fict. 
27,287).  Receipts  $2028.94;  expenses  $1786.72. 

Jersey  City  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  The  library  has 
recently  placed  on  its  shelves  about  60  v.  of 
books  for  the  blind,  which  will  be  delivered 
to  borrowers  at  their  homes  and  called  for  when 
the  time  limit  has  expired. 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  P.  L.  It  is  expected  that 
the  new  library  buildii  g  will  be  ready  for  oc- 
cupancy by  July  I. 

Knoxville,  Tenn.  Lawson-McGhee  L.  The  li- 
brary was  reopened  on  May  5,  after  having 
been  closed  two  weeks  for  alterations  and  im- 
provements. At  present  there  are  10,230  v.  on 
the  shelves,  and  the  use  of  the  library  is  in- 
creasing. Membership  fees  are  25  c.  a  month. 

Lancaster,  Pa.  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege. The  cornerstone  of  the  new  library  build- 
ing, to  be  given  to  the  college  by  Gen.  J.  Watts 
De  Peyster,  was  laid  on  the  afternoon  of  May 
12,  in  the  presence  of  a  large  audience.  It  will 
accommodate  75,000  v.,  and  will  be  a  model  in 
design  and  equipment. 

Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L.  The  recently  elected 
board  of  directors  are  proposing  several  changes 
in  the  library  administration,  chief  among 
which  is  the  allowing  free  access  to  all  books 
except  fiction.  Considerable  alterations  in  the 
library  arrangements  will  be  made.  The  coun- 
ter will  be  moved  from  the  delivery-room,  and 
entrance  and  exit  turnstiles  will  be  installed, 
while  the  fiction  will  be  shelved  in  the  present 
reference-room. 

Lynn  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (34th  rpt.  —  year  ending 
Dec.  31, '96.)  Added  1835; total  53,095.  Issued, 
home  use  118,895  (fict.  90,817),  of  which  2760 
were  issued  on  teachers' cards;  ref.  use  50,877. 
New  registration  1042.  Receipts  $8458.24;  ex- 
penses $8239.65. 

Maiden  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (igth  rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  2695;  total  29,077. 
Issued,  home  use  113,381  (fict.  72.04  %);  lib.  use 
8587.  Total  cards  in  use  11,010.  Receipts 
$10,308.89;  expenses  $8799.75. 

Much  of  the  report  is  devoted  to  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  library  as  remodelled  during  the 
year.  The  changes,  while  adding  to  the  con- 
venience and  attractiveness  of  the  building,  in- 
clude also  a  fine  new  stack  which  gives  a  total 
book  capacity  of  about  150,000  v. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Manchester  (yV.  If.)  City  L.  (43d  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  1109;  total  40,558. 
Issued,  home  use  66,488;  reading-room  use 
15,480.  New  registration  654;  total  registra- 
tion 10.973.  Receipts  $8129.12  ;  expenses 

$4878.37- 

The  gain  in  circulation  in  1896  was  11,539 
over  that  of  the  year  before.  The  reclassifica- 
tion  and  cataloging  of  the  library  has  been 
actively  carried  on,  6920  v.  having  been  classi- 
fied and  7293  cataloged  during  the  year. 

Martinsburg  ( W.  Va.~)  P.  Z.  The  formal 
opening  exercises  of  the  library  were  held  on 
the  evening  of  May  25,  and  on  the  next  day  the 
regular  work  of  the  library  was  begun. 

Medford(Mass.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — year  ending 
Jan  31,  '97.)  Added  1166;  total  18,297.  Issued 
62,580.  Receipts  $5810  02;  expenses  $5809.48. 

Many  alterations  have  been  made  in  the  li- 
brary during  the  year,  new  stacks  have  been 
installed  and  interior  arrangements  changed, 
with  most  gratifying  results.  When  the  re- 
modelling is  fully  completed  "  the  library  will 
suffice  the  need  of  the  city  for  many  years,  and 
enable  it  to  fill  its  place  in  education  and  in- 
struction which  the  best  libraries  are  now  do- 
ing." "  Notwithstanding,  however,  all  the 
necessary  confusion  attendant  upon  these 
changes,  and  the  fact  that  the  library  was 
closed  four  weeks,  the  work  of  circulating  the 
books,  the  reference  and  school  work  went  on, 
and  statistics  show  an  increase  in  the  circula- 
tion of  almost  10,000  over  last  year." 

In  the  annual  report  of  the  school  committee, 
C.  H.  Morse,  superintendent  of  schools,  con- 
siders at  some  length  the  subject  of  the  public 
library  and  the  schools,  and  describes  the 
means  by  which  Miss  Sargent  has  brought  the 
library  into  close  relations  with  teachers  and 
scholars. 

Michigan  libraries.  The  Michigan  State  Li- 
brary has  issued  Bulletin  no.  2,  devoted  to 
"Libraries  in  Michigan"  (April,  1897,  74  p. 
().),  in  which  the  library  facts  and  figures  of 
the  state  are  given,  with  all  practicable  fulness 
and  accuracy.  The  record,  which  is  given  in 
descriptive  form  rather  than  in  compact  tabula- 
tion, is  prefaced  by  a  short  historical  account 
of  the  state  library  and  an  explanation  of  the 
system  of  travelling  and  "  associate  "  libraries, 
by  which  it  is  brought  into  direct  contact  with 
all  communities  of  the  state.  The  library  rec- 
ord is  arranged  alphabetically  by  towns,  and  in- 
cludes all  libraries  of  over  500  v.  from  which 
information  could  be  obtained.  The  data  giv- 
en include  da'e  of  organization,  no.  v.,  yearly 
accessions,  income  and  expenses,  name  of  li- 
brarian, general  character  of  collection,  and 
conditions  of  me.  About  120  libraries  are 
thus  listed. 

Minnesota  Historical  Society  L.  (gth  biennial 
rpt.  —  two  years  ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added 
189$,  1272  ;  1896,  2374  bound,  300  unbound  v. ; 
total  59,211.  The  several  special  collections  of 
the  society  —  newspapers,  scrap-books,  and 
portraits  —  have  increased  steadily  in  size  and 
in  value.  The  record  of  the  library  for  the 


past  two  years  shows  a  steady  growth  and  de- 
velopment. "  That  the  people  of  the  state  are 
awakening  to  the  magnitude  and  importance  of 
our  collection  is  shown  by  the  large  increase  in 
donations  of  books,  manuscripts,  pictures,  and 
articles  for  the  museum  from  the  people  of  the 
state  at  large;  and  the  society  trusts  that  those 
who  have  anything  of  an  interesting  or  histori- 
cal character,  bearing  on  the  history  of  Minne- 
sota particularly,  or  of  the  Northwest,  which 
ought  to  be  placed  where  it  cannot  be  Ic  st,  and 
where  it  will  be  accessible  to  those  looking 
after  information,  will  donate  it  to  the  society." 

New  York.  Aguilar  F.  L.  Soc.  (8th  rpt., 
1896.)  Added  8153;  total  36,264.  Issued,  home 
use  339,420.  Receipts  $22,238  68  ;  expenses 
$19,814.26. 

One  new  branch,  at  176  E.  noth  St.,  was 
opened  during  the  year,  giving  a  total  "  plant " 
of  four  libraries,  each  of  which  has  to  report  a 
growth  in  excess  of  accommodations.  The 
chief  needs  at  all  the  libraries,  in  addition  to 
more  room,  are  printed  catalogs  and  extra  card 
catalogs,  while  a  printed  bulletin  is  also  con- 
sidered most  desirable. 

Newark  (N.  J.)F.  P.  L.  (8th  rpt.  —Dec.  I, 
'95 -Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  6227  ;  total  55,281  ; 
lost  44,  valued  at  about  $27.  Issued,  home 
use  336,409  (net.  62.1^,  juv.  i6.8jf);  users  of 
ref.  dept.  19,357.  New  registration  7507. 

"  For  the  first  time  in  our  history  the  record 
of  juvenile  books  has  been  kept  separate  from 
fiction  and  the  other  classes,  in  order  to  make 
a  fair  comparison  with  other  libraries.  Of  the 
juvenile  circulation,  10  per  cent,  represents 
classes  other  than  fiction.  As  compared  with 
last  year,  there  is  a  decrease  in  the  percentage 
of  fiction  of  16.2  per  cent.,  nearly  all  of  which 
is  represented  in  the  juvenile  department." 

Mr.  Hill  gives  much  space  to  a  review  of 
what  ought  to  be  and  might  be  done  by  the  li- 
brary for  the  pupils  of  the  public  schools.  The 
present  method  of  distributing  books  to  the 
schools  is  unsatisfactory,  and  it  is  recom- 
mended "  that  some  arrangement  be  made  with 
the  board  of  education  by  which  the  delivery 
wagon  of  that  department  shall  make  weekly 
visits  to  the  various  schf  ols  of  the  city  for  the 
purpose  of  distributing  library  books.  It  would 
be  a  very  easy  matter  to  time  the  calls  so  that 
the  teachers  would  be  prepared  to  receive  books 
from  the  library  and  return  others."  It  is  also 
urged  that  mrans  be  found  for  improving  the 
char  icter  of  children's  reading,  and  to  this  end 
"the  librarian  would  recommend  that  the  li- 
brary expend  $3000  in  the  purchase  of  50  libra- 
ries of  50  volumes  each  for  the  sole  use  of 
teachers  and  pupils  of  the  schools  of  the  city. 
Each  library  would  be  kept  by  itself  in  a  case 
containing,  besides  the  books,  an  easily  under- 
stood charging  system  In  a  word,  the^e  would 
be  travelling  libraries,  similar  to  those  in  use 
at  the  New  York  State  Library,  for  the  recom- 
mendation is  that  the  library  should  be  sent  to 
a  school  and  retained  there  for  a  given  time, 
say  four  to  six  weeks,  and  then  transferred  to 
another  school,  and  at  the  expiration  of  the 
time  sent  to  a  third  school,  and  »o  on,  thus 


320 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


giving  each  school  a  chance  at  several  hundred 
books  during  the  year.  These  books  would  be 
used  for  school  purposes  only,  and  by  supply- 
ing this  number  of  books,  the  general  public 
taking  books  from  the  library  would  be  less  in- 
convenienced than  at  the  present  time.  The 
list  of  books  forming  these  libraries  should  be 
made  up  by  the  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction and  the  librarian,  in  consultation." 

Newburgh(N.  Y.)  F.  L.  (Rpt. —  year  ending 
Sept.  30,  '96.  p.  21  of  rpt.  of  Newburgh  Pub- 
lic Schools.)  Added  1571  ;  total  22,403.  Is- 
sued, home  use  74,515,  an  increase  of  nearly 
io#  over  the  preceding  year. 

"  There  has  been  a  less  proportion  of  fiction 
called  for  during  the  past  few  years  than 
formerly,  and  an  increasing  demand  for  more 
useful  reading.  The  percentage  of  fiction  [in 
the  -library]  is  very  small  as  compared  with 
other  public  libraries,  some  reporting  over  40 
per  cent.,  while  ours  contains  but  about  12  per 
cent." 

Ne wton  (Mass. )  F.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  2696;  total  51,385.  Is- 
sued, home  use  154,476  (fict.  54.97  %),  of  which 
95.839  v.  were  delivered  through  the  10  agen- 
cies, and  22,201  through  the  schools.  New 
registration  1434;  total  registration,  7397.  Re- 
ceipts $13,512.17;  expenses  $13,512.12.  West 
Newton  branch,  receipts  $1470.90  ;  expenses 
$1211.71. 

"  Great  interest  is  taken  in  the  musical  col- 
lection. The  number  of  volumes  of  music  add- 
ed during  the  year  was  224,  the  whole  number 
now  in  the  library  being  388.  The  circulation 
of  the  books  of  music  during  the  year  was 
162  ;>,  or  1.04  per  cent,  of  the  entire  circulation. 
This  may,  to  some  extent,  account  for  the  de- 
crease in  the  per  cent,  of  fiction." 

Oberlin  (0.)  College  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Aug.  31,  '96.)  Added  2082;  total  35,219.  Is- 
sued, home  use  14, 450;  no.  readers  67,129,  "an 
average  of  nearly  300  for  each  day  of  the  school 
year";  no  record  of  other  than  home  use  is 
kept.  Receipts  $3195.46;  expenses  $3020.25. 
The  salaries  of  librarian  and  head  cataloger 
are  paid  from  university  funds,  and  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  figures  given. 

"  Free  access  on  the  part  of  all  students  to 
every  part  of  the  library  results  in  much  mis- 
placement of  books  by  careless  or  ignorant 
persons.  A  misplaced  book  is  practically  for 
library  purposes  a  lost  book.  Such  misplace- 
ments are  very  frequent,  and  the  force  availa- 
ble to  look  after  the  shelves  is  very  inadequate. 
With  the  constant  increase  of  the  library  it  is 
only  a  question  of  time  when  some  restriction 
of  the  privilege  of  free  access  to  every  part  of 
the  library  will  be  necessary.  Meanwhile  we 
must  labor  under  some  inconveniences  in  the 
way  of  disorderly  arrangement." 

Oxford,  Ga.  Emory  College  L.  The  corner- 
stone of  the  fine  library  building  to  be  erected 
for  Emory  College  was  laid  on  April  27,  with 
appropriate  ceremonies. 

Passaie  (JV.  J.)  P.  L.  An  exhibition  of  origi- 
nal drawings  loaned  by  the  Century  Co.  was 


opened  at  the  library  on  the  evening  of  May  18 
with  a  pleasant  reception,  which  was  largely 
attended.  This  is  the  first  exhibition  of  the 
sort  held  at  the  library,  and  it  has  proved  suc- 
cessful and  of  general  interest.  The  drawings 
were  shown  for  several  weeks. 

Providence  (R.  /.)  P.  L.  (igth  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  4909;  total  80,148. 
Issued,  home  use  118,175  (fict.  43.25  %,  juv.  fict. 
18.36  #);  statistics  of  ref.  use  not  recorded. 
New  registration  4306;  cards  in  use  13,716. 
Receipts  $46,268.88;  expenses  $46,196.62. 

"Since  the  Monthly  Bulletin  contains  each 
month  a  record  of  all  the  additions  to  the  li- 
brary during  the  month,  it  is  easy  to  cut  out 
these  printed  entries,  and,  by  mounting  them 
on  catalog  cards,  make  them  a  part  of  the 
card  catalog.  This  has  been  done  for  the  past 
two  years,  so  that  now  and  for  the  future  the 
new  portions  of  the  card  catalog  will  be  printed 
cards  instead  of  manuscript  cards.  One  more 
measure,  more  recently  undertaken,  will  in- 
sure, in  course  of  time,  this  printed  quality  to 
the  older  as  well  as  the  newer  portions,  namely, 
the  printing  of  the  class  lists,  by  monthly  in- 
stalments, in  the  Monthly  Bulletin.  It  will,  in 
fact,  have  still  other  advantages  than  this,  for 
it  will  replace  the  manuscript  class  lists  —  now 
so  constantly  handled  by  readers  as  to  be  soiled 
and  worn  beyond  repair — by  printed  lists,  one 
great  advantage  of  which  is  that,  as  they  ex- 
ist in  multiform  copies,  a  fresh  copy  can  at  any 
time  be  substituted." 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  F.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing April  30,  '96.)  The  chief  facts  in  this  re- 
port, which  has  just  been  issued  in  pamphlet 
form,  were  noted  in  the  L.  j.  at  the  time  of  its 
presentation  to  the  mayor  (Aug.,  1896,  p.  383). 
Besides  the  usual  statistical  details  and  record 
of  progress,  Mr.  Crunden  includes  an  interest- 
ing tabulated  view  of  popular  reading,  com- 
posed (p.  17-18)  of  tables  showing  the  novels 
having  largest  circulation  in  1888,  1890,  1895, 
1894-96,  and —  in  appendix  2  —  of  lists  of  nov- 
els, juveniles,  and  miscellaneous  books  issued 
over  100  times  from  June,  1894,  to  April,  1896. 
Appendix  i  is  a  classified  list  of  library  records, 
supplementing  the  account  of  routine  methods 
and  details  given  in  the  last  report. 

St.  Louis  (Mo. )  Mercantile  L.  A.  Added  4201; 
total  96,150.  Issued,  home  use  93,570  (fict. 
76.9  #).  New  membership  223;  total  member- 
ship 3550.  Receipts"$5o,850.5o;  expenses  $42,- 
669.96. 

"With  the  card  catalog  and  classification 
finished,  we  can  now  consider  plans  that  have 
been  prepared  for  a  cumulative  printed  catalog, 
which  promises  to  solve  a  difficulty  once  thought 
insurmountable  —  that  of  a  printed  catalog  in 
book  form  which  shall  not  become  obsolete." 

St.  Paul  (Minn.)  P.  L.  (isth  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  3561;  total  43,100. 
Issued,  home  use  202, 053;  lib.  use  58.043.  To- 
tal issue  260,096  (fict.  42.82  %,  juv.  28.65  %}. 
New  registration  6012;  total  cards  in  use  11,000. 
Receipts  $17,700.59;  expenses  $15,300.22. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


321 


San  Francisco,  Cat.  Mechanics'  Institute  L, 
(42d  rpt. — year  ending  Feb.  27, '97.)  Added 
3431;  total  73,645.  Issued,  home  use  166,971 
(fict.  131,138,  magazines  6258);  no  statistics  of 
ref.  use  are  given.  New  members  942;  total 
membership  4493.  Receipts  $28,745.96;  ex- 
penses $23,114.41. 

"  It  would  seem  that  at  this  time  the  princi- 
pal need  of  the  institute  is  a  modern  fire-proof 
building  where  our  valuable  collection  of  books 
may  be  safely  housed  and  guarded  against  a 
loss  that  would  be  irreparable." 

SkaneateUs  (N.  Y.)L.  A.  (2oth  rpt.)  Added 
189;  total  8535.  Issued  4871  (fict.  83.  #);  mem- 
bers and  subscribers  206.  Receipts  $1158.23; 
expenses  (including  $79.37  to  1895  deficiency) 
$1158.18. 

Membership  dues  are  $2  yearly. 

Southbriage(Mass.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — year  end- 
ing March  i,  '97.)  Added  470;  total  16,359. 
Issued,  home  use  21,167  (fict.  39.39  %,  juv. 
22.44  %\  French  books  11.31  %,  periodicals 
3.10^);  no  record  of  lib.  use  is  kept.  New 
registration  310;  total  cards  in  use  3460. 

The  per  cent,  of  fiction  dropped  during  the 
year  from  42.54  %  to  39.39  %.  Considerable 
work  has  been  done  toward  directing  children's 
reading  and  obtaining  co-operation  between 
the  schools  and  the  library.  It  is  planned  to 
print  a  finding  list  of  historical  fiction,  and  to 
follow  this  by  class  lists  in  other  departments. 

Spokane  (  Wash.)  City  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  Add- 
ed 152;  total  2765.  Receipts  $1146.43;  expenses 
$1032.85. 

No  statistics  of  use  are  given,  but  the  librari- 
an says:  "A  record  is  kept  of  the  number  and 
kind  of  every  book  in  circulation  each  day.  I 
find  that  a  very  large  percentage  is  in  favor  of 
works  of  fiction;  but  that,  I  believe,  is  true  of 
all  libraries." 

Stevens  Point  (Wis.)  F.  P.  L.  A  free  public 
library  has  been  recently  established  at  Stevens 
Point.  About  $800  was  raised  by  popular  sub- 
scription, the  common  council  added  $300,  and 
a  well-selected  library  of  1200  v.  was  given  by 
a  local  ladles'  library  association.  The  new 
library  has  been  given  to  the  city,  which  will 
support  it  in  the  future. 

Tacoma  (Wash.)  City  L.  (Rpt.)  Added 
1344;  total  8884.  Issued,  home  use  32,239  (fict. 
58.6£,  juv.  15.5?),  an  increase  of  3216  over 
the  preceding  year. 

The  report  covers  10  months  only  —  from 
March  i.  1896,  to  Jan.  i,  1897,  owing  to  a 
change  in  the  city  charter  by  which  the  fiscal 
year  was  made  to  end  Dec.  31  instead  of  Feb.  28, 
as  formerly.  Jonathan  Smith  is  the  present  li- 
brarian. 

Taunton (Mats.)  P.  L.  (3ist  rpt.  —  yearend- 
ing  Nov.  30,  '96.)  Added  1446;  total  41,986. 
Issued,  home  use  76,223  (fict.  43,198),  an  in- 
crease of  3214  over  the  previous  year,  chiefly 
"in  the  department  of  reference-books  for 
home  reading  and  of  fiction."  New  registra- 
tion 337;  total  registration  13,614. 


Tennessee,  lib.  legislation  in.  The  library  law 
recently  enacted  applies  to  towns  or  cities 
"  having  a  population  of  20,000  and  upwards," 
and  not  to  cities  below  that  size,  as  was  stated 
in  the  L.  j.  for  April  (p.  217).  The  provisions 
of  the  law  are,  briefly,  (i)  that  city  councils 
may  levy  a  tax  of  not  more  than  one  cent  an- 
nually on  each  $100  of  taxable  property,  for 
the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  a  free 
library  and  reading-room.  (2)  That  upon  the 
passage  of  an  ordinance  to  establish  a  free  li- 
brary the  mayor  shall  appoint  a  board  of  nine 
directors,  none  of  whom  shall  be  members  of 
the  municipal  government  and  not  more  than 
six  of  whom  shall  belong  to  the  same  political 
party.  The  directors  shall  hold  office,  three 
for  one  year,  three  for  two  years,  and  three 
for  three  years,  their  successors  to  be  appointed 
in  annual  rotation  by  the  mayor.  (3)  The  di- 
rectors are  given  full  powers  for  the  administra- 
tion of  the  library,  and  are  empowered  to  con- 
tract for  the  lease,  purchase,  or  erection  of 
buildings  for  library  use.  They  are  also  given 
exclusive  control  of  all  library  funds,  which 
are  to  be  kept  separate  from  other  city  funds. 
It  is  also  provided  that  the  mayor  and  city 
council  may  aid  any  already  established  free 
public  library  association  by  an  annual  tax,  pro- 
vided that  the  association  is  incorporated  under 
state  law,  that  it  contains  books  valued  at  not 
less  than  $5000,  and  that  it  can  be  shown  that 
such  aid  is  needed  for  the  continued  operation 
of  the  association.  A  library  association  thus 
aided  may  continue  to  appoint  its  own  directors 
and  control  its  own  management,  but  the  mayor 
is  empowered  to  appoint  three  directors,  and 
may  revoke  any  rules  or  by-laws,  if  necessary. 
The  property  of  libraries  established  under  the 
law  is  exempted  from  taxation. 

Trenton,  N.  J.  A  movement  to  secure  a  free 
public  library  for  Trenton  was  auspiciously 
started  on  May  24  with  a  meeting  in  the  city 
council  chamber,  when  a  public  library  com- 
mittee was  organized  by  the  mayor,  who  pre- 
sided. There  was  a  large  attendance  of  citi- 
zens, and  the  list  of  speakers  included,  besides 
many  well-known  residents,  J.  B.  Thompson, 
president  of  the  New  Jersey  Library  Associa- 
tion, Dr.  J.  M.  Green,  of  the  state  schools, 
Rev.  A.  W.  Wishart,  Prof.  C.  E.  Green,  and 
others.  Several  of  the  speakers  suggested 
that  the  library  conducted  by  the  local  W.  C. 
T.  U.,  and  known  as  the  Union  Library,  be 
taken  over  by  the  city  and  made  the  nucleus  of 
a  free  public  library,  to  be  established  under 
the  provisions  of  the  state  law.  It  was  de- 
cided that  besides  the  general  library  com- 
mittee, three  additional  committees  should  be 
appointed,  one  on  permanent  organization,  one 
on  inquiry  into  the  state  law  and  local  condi- 
tions, and  one  on  the  method  of  securing  and 
operating  free  libraries  elsewhere. 

Troy,  N.  Y.  Hart  Memorial  L.  The  beauti- 
ful library  building  given  by  Mrs.  W:  Howard 
Hart  to  the  Troy  Y.  M.  A.,  as  a  memorial  of 
her  husband,  was  dedicated  on  the  evening  of 
May  12.  The  building,  which  was  designed  by 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{June,  '97 


Barney  &  Chapman,  of  New  York,  is  a  fine  ex- 
ample of  the  Italian  renaissance  style,  and  its 
interior  finishing  is  rich  and  harmonious.  It  is 
two-storied,  and  contains  on  the  main  floor  a 
delivery-room  opening  directly  from  the  broad 
main  hall,  on  either  side  of  which  is  a  news- 
paper-room and  a  smaller  magazine-room,  the 
latter  connecting  with  a  conversation-room  and 
a  writing-room.  There  are  also  cloak  and  toi- 
let rooms  on  this  floor.  The  five-storied  stack- 
room  occupies  almost  the  entire  east  end  of 
the  building,  and  is  equipped  with  Stikeman 
shelving  ;  the  cataloging-room  occupies  the 
southeast  corner  of  the  first  floor. 

On  the  second  floor  is  the  large  public  read- 
ing-room, a  librarian's  room  and  a  study-room, 
and  three  art  galleries,  with  several  smaller 
rooms  to  be  devoted  to  storage  and  iimilar  pur- 
poses. Marble,  Georgia  pine,  and  quartered 
oak  are  the  chief  materials  used  in  the  interior 
finishing,  and  no  pains  have  been  spared  to 
render  the  building  a  model  of  fitness  and  of 
artistic  beauty. 

Washington,    D,    C,       U,    S.    Congressional  L. 

SCHUYLER,  Montgomery.     The  new  Library 

of  Congress  ;  with  illustrations  by  Ernest  C. 

Peixotto.      (In    Scribner's    Magazine,    June, 

p.  709-727.) 

An  excellent  study  pt  the  new  building, 
architecturally  and  artistically.  Mr.  Peixotto's 
illustrations  in  their  delicacy,  effectiveness, 
and  reality  are  noteworthy  among  the  many 
pictured  presentments  of  the  Congressional 
Library. 

Waterville  (Aft.)  F.  L.  A.  The  library  was 
opened  on  August  24,  1896,  with  422  v.  The 
report  for  the  eight  months  ending  May  i,  1897, 
shows  a  total  of  1347  v.,  of  which  133  were 
gifts.  40  %  of  the  contents  of  the  library  is 
fiction,  and  12  %  is  juvenile.  14,307  v.  have 
been  issued.  The  percentage  of  fiction  read 
is  now  85  %,  as  against  95  %  in  the  first  few 
months  of  the  library's  existence.  Receipts 
$1910.76;  expenses  $1649.29. 

Wilkesbarre,  Pa.  Otter Aout  F.  L.  (8th  rpt., 
1896.  In  Library  Ne wsletter,  May. )  Added  1049; 
total  24,112.  Issued,  home  use  79.664  (fict. 
65.9  %,  periodicals  6.1  %).  New  registration 
1618;  total  registration  8455. 

The  circulation  shows  an  increase  of  over 
8000  above  tha:  of  1895.  During  the  year  the 
first  supplement  to  the  catalog  was  issued,  but 
its  sale  among  users  of  the  library  has  not  been 
large.  "  Of  the  catalog  and  supplements  sold 
last  year,  only  26  were  purchased  by  the  users 
of  the  library,  while  the  other  53  were  sold  to 
libraries  all  over  the  country  and  abroad." 
There  was  a  decrease  of  about  2000  in  the  num- 
ber of  books  issued  to  the  schools,  which  is 
partly  attributed  to  an  increase  in  the  amount 
of  supplementary  reading  supplied  by  the 
school  board. 

Wisconsin  State  Hist.  Soc.  L.  (Rpt.,  year 
ending  Dec.,  '96,  In  Proceedings  of  44th  annu- 
al meeting).  The  chief  statistics  of  the  secre- 


tary's report  have  already  been  given  in  the 
L.  j.  (Jan.,  p.  51).  The  work  of  making  a  com- 
plete card  catalog  of  the  library  has  made  good 
progress,  and  will,  it  is  thought,  be  practi- 
cally completed  in  about  lo  months.  With  the 
removal  to  the  new  building  it  will  be  possible 
to  adopt  a  system  of  classification,  which  limit- 
ed help  and  accommodation  have  previously 
rendered  impracticable.  "  Such  method  of  clas- 
sification will  be  adopted,  based  chiefly  on  the 
Cutter  system,  as  seems  best  suited  to  our 
peculiar  needs."  Work  on  the  catalog  of  news- 
papers has  been  delayed  during  the  year  by 
the  transfer  of  the  compiler  to  other  work;  it 
is  hoped,  however,  that  it  may  be  published 
before  the  next  annual  meeting.  A  review  of 
library  progress  in  the  state  during  1896  is  em- 
bodied in  the  report,  and  a  detailed  account  of 
the  progress  made  upon  the  new  building  is 
given. 

The  "  specifications  for  completion  of  the  li- 
brary and  museum  building  for  the  State  His- 
torical Society  "  have  been  issued  by  Ferry  & 
Class,  the  architects,  in  pamphlet  form,  cover- 
ing 170  printed  pages. 

Yale  Univ.  L.,  New  Haven,  Ct.  (Rpt.,  1896.) 
"The  increase  of  the  resources  of  the  library, 
both  in  money  and  books,  has  far  exceeded 
that  of  any  previous  year.  From  the  Sloane 
bequest,  appropriated  by  the  corporation  to  the 
use  of  the  library,  we  have  already  received 
$161,565,  and  are  still  to  receive  about  $25,000 
more.  Although  not  assigned  exclusively  to 
the  book  fund,  it  is  expected  that  most  of  the 
income  will  be  available  for  this  use.  The  li- 
brary fund  proper  has  received  during  the  year 
gifts  of  $1600  from  the  New  York  Alumni  As- 
sociation, $1500  from  the  Junior  Promenade 
Committee  of  the  class  of  1897,  and  $200  from 
'an  old  friend.'  It  now  amounts  to  $114,- 
597.  The  purchases  and  gifts  together  make 
the  unusually  large  total  of  22,100  volumes  and 
27,000  pamphlets.  The  purchases  alone,  in- 
cluding 620  volumes  placed  in  the  Linonian  and 
Brotherslibrary,  were  5300  volumes."  The  most 
notable  accessions  of  the  year  were  the  Riant 
co'lection  of  books  relating  to  Scandinavia, 
5000  v.,  50  mss.,  16,000  dissertations,  given  by 
Mrs.  Henry  Farman  ;  the  library  of  Ernst  Cur- 
tius,  the  historian  and  archaeologist,  3500  v. 
and  as  many  pamphlets,  given  by  Joshua  M. 
Sears,  of  Boston  ;  and  important  additions  to  a 
collection  of  Russian  books,  given  by  a  friend 
whose  name  is  not  made  public. 

FOREIGN. 

Austria.  The  Association  of  Austrian  Libra- 
rians, according  to  the  Memorial  tie  la  Librairie 
Franfaise,  has  decided  to  publish  a  general  an- 
nual catalog  of  books,  maps,  music,  etc.,  besides 
periodical  publications,  issued  in  Austria.  It 
has  been  also  decided  to  establish  an  Austrian 
museum  of  library  economy. 

Battersea  (Eng.)  P.  Ls.  (roth  rpt.,  10  months 
ending  March  25,  '97.)  Added  3099  ;  total 
38,959,  of  which  11,140  are  in  the  ref.  dept. 
Issued  272,159,  of  which  19,697  were  used  ir 
the  ref.  dept.  Registered  borrowers  9347. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


3*3 


Birmingham  (Eng.)  F.  Li.  (35th  rpt.,  1896.) 
Added,  ref.  1.  4100;  total  133,590;  issued  360,680 
(Sunday  use  21,016).  Total,  lending  Is.  88,511; 
issued  834,957  (fict.  592,299,  juv.  104,259).  New 
registration  16,904,  total  cards  in  use  29.302. 

There  are  now  nine  branch  libraries  in  addi- 
tion to  the  central  lending  and  reference  libra- 
ries; of  these  one,  that  at  Balsall  Heath,  was 
opened  during  the  year. 

Kimberley  (South  Africa)  P.  L.  At  the  annu- 
al meeting  of  subscribers  to  the  library,  held 
in  February,  the  subject  of  making  the  library 
free  to  the  public  was  discussed  and  approved 
on  condition  that  a  sum  for  maintenance  be  ap- 
propriated by  the  borough  council,  which  should 
levy  a  minimum  tax  for  the  purpose.  It  had 
been  hoped  that  Kimberley  might  be  the  first 
town  in  South  Africa  to  develop  a  really  free 
library,  but  the  town  of  Durban  had  forestalled 
the  Kimberley  citizens  by,  a  few  months  pre- 
viously, providing  for  the  municipal  support  of 
the  Durban  Library.  The  Kimberley  Library 
was  opened  10  years  ago  with  8000  v. ;  it  now 
contains  about  20,000  v. 

Rome.  The  Tasso  Library  and  Museum,  es- 
tablished in  S.  Onofrio,  Rome,  was  dedicated 
on  April  25,  the  anniversary  of  Tasso's  death. 
It  is  an  outgrowth  of  the  recent  celebration  of 
the  third  centenary  of  the  death  of  Tasso,  and 
its  nucleus  is  the  valuable  collection  gathered 
by  Tasso's  devoted  biographer,  Prof.  Angelo 
Solerti,  to  which  the  government  has  added 
duplicates  from  its  public  libraries.  The  li- 
brary is  open  to  students  on  Tuesdays  and 
Fridays. 

Toronto,  Ontario,  Can.  Education  Dept.  L. 
(p.  358-361  of  rpt.  of  minister  of  education  of 
Ontario  for  1896.)  Added  by  purchase  495; 
total  not  given.  Issued  8680,  an  increase  of 
1346  over  1895. 

"  During  the  years  1895  and  1896  the  catalog 
of  books  on  education  and  kindred  subjects  has 
been  carefully  revised  and  greatly  enlarged  in 
a  topical  and  sectional  form.  It  is  now  in  the 
printer's  hands. 

"Although  the  library  is  beginning  to  as- 
sume its  former  proportions  in  some  depart- 
ments of  literature,  yet  it  has  never  recovered 
from  the  unusual  depletion  which  it  suffered  in 
1881,  when  large  portions  of  books  in  the  de- 
partment of  Canadian  history  were  distributed 
to  various  institutions  under  the  control  of  the 
Ontario  government." 

©ifts  unb  Bequests. 


Bfavtr  Dam,  Wis.  Williams  I-.  I..  The  will 
of  the  late  Hon.  J.  J.  Williams,  of  Beaver 
Dam,  contained  a  bequest  of  (5000  for  endow- 
ment to  the  Williams  Free  Library,  to  which  he 
had  given  a  building  costing  $25,000. 

Boston  and  Brooklinf  J'.  f.s.  By  the  will  of 
the  Rev.  Caleb  Davis  Bradlee,  who  died  at 
Brookline,  Mass.,  on  May  i,  the  Boston  Public 
Library  receives  a  bequest  of  $1000.  The  sum 


of   $500  is   also  left  to  the  Brookline  Public 
Library. 

Chelsea,  Mats.  Fitz  P.  L.  By  the  will  of  the 
late  Dr.  W:  G.  Wheeler,  of  Chelsea,  that  city 
is  given  the  sum  of  $5000,  the  income  of  which 
is  to  be  used  for  the  Fitz  Public  Library. 

Chester,  Pa.  By  the  will  of  the  late  Lewis 
Crozier,  of  Upland,  which  was  admitted  to 
probate  May  7,  a  bequest  of  $250.000  is  made 
to  Chester  for  a  free  library. 

Greenwich  (Ct.)  P.  L.  The  library  recently 
received  a  gift  of  $500  from  Andrew  Carnegie, 
whose  summer  home  is  in  Greenwich. 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  P.  L.  The  supreme  court 
on  May  4  decided  that  the  gift  of  $25,000  made 
in  March,  1894,  by  the  late  George  Sheidley  to 
the  school  board  for  public  library  purposes, 
must  be  paid  by  Mr.  Sheidley's  executors. 
Mr.  Sheidley  was  a  millionaire  citizen,  who 
died  late  in  1894.  About  a  year  before  his 
death  a  movement  was  started  for  a  new  public 
library  building  in  Kansas  City,  and  Mr.  Sheid- 
ley gave  his  notes  for  $25,000  to  aid  in  the 
purpose.  After  his  death  his  executors  refused 
to  pay  the  gift  on  the  ground  that  he  was  in- 
sane when  it  was  made  and  that  the  notes  were 
given  without  a  consideration  in  return.  The 
school  board  sued  to  recover  three  of  the  $5000 
notes,  which  were  due,  and  won  the  suit.  The 
executors  appealed,  and  the  case  has  now  been 
settled  by  the  supreme  court.  The  gift  and 
the  resultant  complications  were  noted  at  the 
time  in  the  L.  j.  (19  : 102,  352). 

Massillon,  O.  The  city  of  Massillon  has  re- 
ceived, by  the  will  of  the  late  George  Harsh, 
$10,000  for  a  public  library. 

Pepferell,  Mass.  By  the  will  of  the  late  C: 
F.  Lawrence,  of  New  York  City,  the  town  of 
Pepperell  receives  $100,000  for  the  construction 
of  a  library  and  art  gallery.  Of  this  sum 
$50,000  is  to  be  spent  on  site  and  building,  and 
$25,000  each  is  to  be  devoted  to  the  fitting  up 
of  the  library  and  gallery.  The  building  is  to 
be  known  as  the  Lawrence  Library,  and  is  to 
receive  Mr.  Lawrence's  personal  collection  of 
books  and  pictures. 


Practical  Nolrs. 


BOOK-COVER.  Described  in  Official  Gaulte  of 
the  U.  S.  Patent  Office,  Feb.  2, 1897.  78  : 689. 
il. 

"The  combination  with  a  book,  of  an  end- 
less cover  comprising  a  back  adapted  to  lap 
over  the  back  of  the  book,  then  continuing  to 
form  an  outer  cover,  continuing  to  form  •  cen- 
tral strip  of  a  width  corresponding  to  the  thick- 
ness of  the  book,  then  extending  to  form  the 
second  cover  of  the  book,  then  extending  to 
form  a  double  outer  back  adapted  to  lap  over 
so  that  the  cover  will  embody  a  double  back 
and  provide  a  double  thickness  at  the  hinge- 
points  of  the  covers,  .  .  .  the  said  cover  having 


324 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


its  ends  united  and  overlapped  to  form  an 
open-ended  continuous  cover,  said  cover  being 
secured  at  or  near  its  overlapped  portions  to 
the  back  of  said  book,  substantially  as  and  for 
the  purpose  set  forth." 

CARD-CATALOG-ASSORTING  DEVICE.  —  The  U. 
S.  Patent  Office  has  issued  to  W.  L.  Boyden,  of 
Washington,  letters  patent  no.  582,035,  dated 
May  4,  1897,  for  a  card-catalog-assorting  de- 
vice, of  which  Adelaide  R.  Hasse  is  assignee 
of  one-half.  The  device,  which  is  intended  to 
facilitate  the  alphabeting  of  a  large  number 
of  catalog  cards,  consists  of  a  sorting-board 
divided,  by  horizontal  or  perpendicular  divi- 
sion lines,  into  42  oblong  sections  a  little  larger 
than  an  ordinary  catalog  card,  six  sections  be- 
ing across  the  board  and  seven  down  it.  The 
first  24  sections, 'counting  from  left  to  right,  are 
marked  with  the  letters  of  the  alphabet  in 
capitals.  The  line  of  six  sections  below  is 
marked  with  the  lower-case  vowels  a  e  i  o  u, 
the  sixth  section  being  marked  "  Mistakes." 
The  two  lines  of  six  sections  each  below  the 
vowel  line  are  given  up  to  lower-case  conso- 
nants, as  follows:  be,  d,  fg,  h,  jkl,  mn,  pqr,  st, 
vw,  xyz,  and  to  two  sections,  one  for  "  Miscel- 
laneous" and  one  for  "Stack."  The  user  of 
the  board,  instead  of  alphabeting  a  large  num- 
ber of  catalog  cards  in  the  hand,  as  is  generally 
done,  is  enabled  by  this  alphabetic  diagram  to 
lay  all  cards  beginning  with  A  on  the  A  section, 
and  so  on,  and  then  to  sub-alphabet,  by  the 
remaining  letters  of  the  entry,  by  means  of  the 
lower-case  vowel  and  consonant  sections. 
Cards  as  to  which  any  question  may  arise 
are  placed  in  the  "  Mistakes  "  section,  or  in  the 
"Miscellaneous"  division,  as  required,  while 
the  "  Stack  "  section  is  devoted  to  stacking  the 
cards  as  the  alphabeting  of  each  letter  is  fin- 
ished. The  device  may  be  modified  in  several 
ways,  especially  by  the  addition,  when  neces- 
sary, of  a  supplemental  board  of  lower-case 
sections  to  be  used  in  extensive  sub-alphabet- 
ing.  "  The  material  out  of  which  the  device 
may  be  made  is  preferably  heavy  cardboard  or 
a  thin  thickness  of  wood,  but  obviously  any 
other  material  may  be  substituted."  Mr.  Boy- 
den,  the  patentee,  is  librarian  of  Scottish  Rite 
Library,  Washington. 

STORAGE  BATTERIES  IN  LIBRARY  BUILDINGS.  — 
An  electric  storage  battery  is  to  be  installed  in 
the  new  library  building  of  Princeton  Univer- 
sity, and  it  is  not  improbable  that  these  will 
come  into  general  use.  The  patents  for  most 
of  the  types  of  storage  battery  which  have 
come  into  actual  and  practical  use  have  now 
come  under  the  control  of  one  company,  the 
Electric  Storage  Battery  Co.  of  Philadel- 
phia, the  few  rival  batteries  outside  those  of 
this  company  being  rather  of  an  experimental 
nature.  In  installing  a  storage  battery  in  a  li- 
brary, careful  precautions  should  be  taken  to 
insure  thorough  ventilation  of  the  battery- 
room  and  the  greatest  care  should  be  used  to 
prevent  fumes  from  the  battery  getting  at 
books,  bindings,  or  ironwork.  A  battery  in 
the  process  of  charging  gives  off  fumes  or 


spray  containing  more  or  less  sulphuric  acid, 
which  under  certain  circumstances  can  do  cor  - 
siderable  damage.  These  fumes  are  heavier 
than  air,  so  that  their  tendency  is  downward 
rather  than  upward,  but  they  are  liable  to 
follow  the  ordinary  currents  of  air  or  to  diffuse 
themselves  throughout  a  building.  It  is  quite 
possible  to  provide  adequately  for  ventilation, 
so  that  while  care  is  demanded  this  does  not 
make  a  prohibitive  objection  to  a  storage  bat- 
tery. Approximately  25  #  of  the  energy  put 
into  a  storage  battery  is  wasted  in  the  process 
of  transformation,  but  a  storage  battery  is 
nevertheless  useful  and  to  some  extent  eco- 
nomical where  it  is  used  at  the  "  peak  "  of  the 
lighting;  that  is,  during  the  few  hours  when 
everybody  is  using  lights,  or  during  the  day, 
when  a  local  electric  light  plant  may  not  be 
running.  It  is  also  useful  in  giving  steadiness 
to  lights  where  elevators  or  other  power  is  run 
by  the  electric  current.  Arrangements  may 
sometimes  be  made  with  local  plants  to  obtain 
current  at  a  lower  price  when  hours  of  maxi- 
mum lighting  are  excluded.  The  storage 
battery  may  thus  become  a  useful  adjunct  in 
library  administration,  provided  proper  care  is 
taken  in  its  installation  and  management. 


Cibrariona. 


BROWN,  Walter,  formerly  connected  with  the 
Peter  Paul  Book  Co.  of  Buffalo,  has  been 
appointed  reference  librarian  of  the  Buffalo 
Library,  his  appointment  taking  effect  June  i. 
Mr.  Brown  spent  several  weeks  in  May  in 
making  an  extended  trip  of  library  inspection 
in  the  west  and  east,  visiting  the  libraries  of 
Chicago,  Milwaukee,  Minneapolis,  St.  Louis, 
Cleveland,  Boston,  Albany,  New  York,  Phila- 
delphia, and  Washington. 

ELMENDORF,  Henry  L.,  was  on  June  10  ap- 
pointed superintendent  of  the  Buffalo  Public 
Library,  succeeding  J.  N.  Lamed,  resigned. 
Mr.  Elmendorf  has  been  connected  with  the 
Library  Bureau  since  his  resignation  from  the 
St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  Public  Library  in  the  fall  of 
1896,  and  was  for  some  months  in  charge  of  its 
London  office.  He  returned  to  this  country  in 
March  of  the  present  year,  and  since  then  has 
been  actively  engaged  in  arranging  for  the 
English  trip  of  the  A.  L.  A.  delegates  to  the 
London  conference.  Mr.  Elmendorf  is  promi- 
nent in  the  official  work  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  hav- 
ing served  as  secretary  in  1895-96.  At  the 
Cleveland  conference  he  was  elected  first  vice- 
president. 

GROVER,  Rev.  James  L. ,  for  24  years  libra- 
rian of  the  Columbus  (O.)  City  Library,  died  at 
his  home  in  Columbus  on  May  5,  aged  91  years. 
Mr.  Grover  was  appointed  city  librarian  in 
1873,  and  his  celebration  of  his  gist  birthday 
in  December  last  was  noted  at  the  time  in  the 
L.  J.  (Jan.,  p.  53).  He  was  for  years  a  minister 
in  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church.  For  the 
last  year  or  so  he  has  acted  as  librarian  emeri- 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


325 


tus  rather  than  as  active  executive,  but  his  in- 
terest in  and  devotion  to  the  library  were  con- 
stani  and  unflagging. 

SHARP,  Miss  Katharine  L.,  will  enter  upon 
her  new  duties  as  librarian  and  director  of  the 
library  school  of  the  University  of  Illinois  in 
September,  remaining  at  Armour  Institute  un- 
til the  end  of  the  present  term. 

STILLMAN,  Miss  Marie  Louise,  was  on  May 
12  elected  superintendent  of  the  circulating 
department  of  the  Milwaukee  (Wis.)  Public 
Library,  succeeding  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns. 

VAN  INGEN,  Miss  Elizabeth  G.,  for  many 
years  connected  with  the  Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Li- 
brary, died  on  May  24.  Her  death  was  very 
sudden.  She  was  at  the  library  attending  to 
her  duties  until  noon,  and  was  fatally  stricken 
with  apoplexy  while  out  at  lunch.  Miss  Van 
Ingen's  connection  with  the  Brooklyn  Library 
began  April  18,  1869,  before  the  erection  of  the 
present  building.  She  was  long  in  charge  of 
the  reading-room,  and  about  three  years  ago 
was  made  assistant  at  the  delivery  department. 
She  had  a  large  circle  of  friends,  and  will  be 
missed  by  many  users  of  the  library,  who  had 
come  to  know  her  well  during  her  28  years' 
service. 

WADLEIGH,  Mrs.  Harriet  C.,  was  appointed 
librarian  of  the  Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  Public  Li- 
brary by  the  new  board  of  directors  on  May 
21,  succeeding  Mrs.  Clara  B.  Fowler.  Mrs. 
Wadleigh  was  at  one  time  connected  with  the 
Springfield  (Mass.)  City  Library,  and  since  her 
residence  in  Los  Angeles  has  been  a  teacher 
and  a  journalist.  The  change  in  the  librarian- 
ship  is  due  to  the  coming  into  office  of  a  new 
board  of  directors.  It  will  be  remembered  that 
the  appointment  of  Mrs.  Fowler,  who  suc- 
ceeded Miss  Kelso  in  1895,  was  the  result  of 
political  transformations  in  the  board,  and  the 
present  change  is  due  to  the  same  cause.  There 
will  probably  be  a  number  of  other  changes  In 
the  personnel  of  the  library  force. 


Cataloging  anb  Classification. 

BLACKSTONE  MEMORIAL  L. ,  Branford,  Ct.  Cata- 
logue of  the  James  Blackstone  Memorial 
Library,  May,  1897.  New  Haven,  Tuttle, 
Morehouse  &  Taylor  Press,  1897.  248  p.  1. 
O. 

In  this  catalog  Mr.  Tyler  has  followed  the 
essential  plan  adopted  by  him  in  his  previous 
catalog  and  has  produced  an  excellent  diction- 
ary catalog,  compact,  yet  full  in  desirable  par- 
ticulars, and  agreeable  to  use.  It  was  pub- 
lished the  last  of  May,  and  it  contains  all  books 
in  the  library  up  to  April  30,  in  all  about  6500 
v.  Author  entries  are  brief,  but  data  as  to 
editor,  translator,  edition,  series,  etc.,  are  giv- 
en, as  are  place  and  date  of  publication,  and 
size.  When  the  date  of  a  title-page  differs  from 
that  of  copyright  or  preface,  the  fact  is  indi- 
cated. Contents  of  important  series  are  giv- 


en, not  in  a  nonpareil  note  as  is  usually  done, 
but  in  a  title-a-line  list.  No  attempt  has 
been  made  to  give  contents  of  composite  books 
or  of  volumes  of  short  stories,  though  at  least 
one  exception  to  this  rule  may  be  noted  in  the 
entry  of  Markham's  "  Colonial  days."  Sequels 
are  generally  indicated,  and  there  are  a  few  an- 
notations giving  facts  as  to  editions  or  special 
topics  treated.  In  his  preface  Mr.  Tyler  ac- 
knowledges the  faithful  work  done  upon  the 
catalog  by  Miss  Sarah  C.  Nelson,  who  has 
been  his  chief  assistant  in  its  preparation. 

BOLTON,  H:  Carrington.      A  catalogue  of  sci- 
entific and  technical  periodicals,  1665-1895. 
2d  edition.      Part  i.     Washington,    Smith- 
sonian Institution,  1 897.    i  -  599  p.  8°,  (Smith- 
sonian miscellaneous  collections,  1076.) 
Part  2  of  this  most  valuable  work  is  to  be 
issued  later,  and  will  contain  3600  added  titles, 
besides  title-page  and  preface.    4954  periodicals 
are  cataloged   in  this  part.      There  does  not 
seem  to  be  uniformity  in  making  cross-refer- 
ences from  editors,  as  many  are  omitted. 

The  BOSTON  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  May  contains 
a  reference  list  on  "  The  Eastern  question  since 
the  Turko- Russian  War  of  1877  and  1878" 
(24  p.)- 

BOSTON    P.    L.     A    brief    description    of  the 
Chamberlain   collection   of  autographs  now 
deposited  in  the  Public  Library  of  the  city  of 
Boston.     Boston,  1897.     66  p.  D. 
An  interesting  historical  account  of  this  val- 
uable collection,  with  a  sketch  of  Mr.  Chamber- 
lain, followed  by  descriptive  notes  of  the  chief 
documents  and  tablets. 

—  A  list  of  periodicals,  newspapers,  transac- 
tions, and  other  serial  publications  currently 
received  in  the  principal  libraries  of  Boston 
and  vicinity.  Boston,  1897.  144  p.  1.  O. 
A  valuable  union  list,  including  in  all  36  li- 
braries, and  recording,  at  a  rough  estimate, 
over  7000  publications.  The  main  list  (p.  i  - 
113)  is  an  alphabetic  title  list,  except  for  trans- 
actions of  societies  and  similar  issues,  which 
are  listed  under  the  name  of  the  society.  In 
cases  of  foreign  societies  (except  English)  ref- 
erences are  made  under  places  to  the  societies 
located  there.  The  times  of  issue  of  publica- 
tions (monthly,  quarterly,  yearly,  etc.)  are  de- 
noted by  abbreviations,  and  the  entry  indicates 
also  the  libraries  in  which  the  publications 
can  be  found.  The  main  list  is  followed  by  a 
valuable  subject  index,  in  which  the  publica- 
tions dealing  with  a  specific  subject  arc  grouped 
under  that  subject.  This  index  excludes  liter- 
ary and  scientific  publications  of  a  general  char- 
acter. The  list  is  a  comprehensive  and  careful 
piece  of  painstaking  work  that  should  prove 
most  useful  as  a  guide  and  aid  in  otbrr  libraries. 

The  NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  de- 
votes reference  list  no.  23,  in  its  May  issue,  to 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


The  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  May  continues 
the  "list  of  periodicals  relating  to  astronomy 
in  the  New  York  Public  Library  and  Columbia 
University  Library "  from  M-Z;  it  also  con- 
tains a  list  of  the  documents,  etc.,  in  the  Em- 
met collection,  illustrating  the  Continental  Con- 
gress of  1774,  a  list  of  "  Documents  relative  to 
the  higher  education  of  women,"  chiefly  in  con- 
nection with  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  a 
reprint  of  a  letter  of  Rev.  Charles  Nisbet,  writ- 
ten in  1700,  giving  his  unflattering  views  of 
American  life. 

The  OMAHA  (Neb.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  May 
has  reading  lists  on  Memorial  day,  and  on 
Greece,  Turkey,  and  the  Balkans. 

The  PROVIDENCE  (J?.  I.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
April  contains  reference  list  no.  14  on  "State 
constitutions  and  their  revision,"  and  special 
catalog  no.  14,  being  a  "co-operative  index  of 
the  periodicals,  serials,  annuals,  etc.,  currently 
received  at  the  libraries  and  reading-rooms  of 
Providence." 

SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.     Class  list  no.  3  :  Science, 
useful  and  fine  arts.    February,  1897.    101  p. 
O. 
Includes  all  books  in  the  classes  listed  in  the 

library  on  Feb.  14,  1897  (about  5500  v.). 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  May 
has  special  reading  lists  on  Aerial  navigation, 
John  and  Sebastian  Cabot,  Queen  Victoria,  and 
George  Meredith. 

U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture.  Library  bulletin, 
May,  1897  :  accessions  to  the  department  li- 
brary, January -March,  1897.  16  p.  1.  O. 

The  WALTHAM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
May  concludes  the  special  reading  list  on 
Greece  begun  in  the  April  number,  and  has 
also  a  short  list  on  Birds. 

FULL    NAMES. 
Supplied  by  Harvard  College  Library. 

Chapman,  Frank  Michler  (Bird-life); 

Hale,  W:  B:  (Handbook  on  the  law  of 
torts); 

Hogg,  C:  Edgar  (Hogg's  pleading  and 
forms); 

MacCorkle,  W:  Alexander  (The  Nicaraguan 
canal); 

Peirce,  Clarence  Eugene  (Descendants  of 
Rufus  and  Pamela  (Throop)  Thayer); 

Rice,  Frank  Sumner  (A  treatise  on  the  mod- 
ern law  of  real  property  as  expounded  by  our 
courts,  etc.); 

Sawyer,  Frank  Ezra  (The  navigation  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Mexico); 

Schwarz,  Eugene  Amandus,  joint  author 
(The  common  crow  of  the  United  States); 

Warvelle,  G:  W:  (Principles  of  the  law  of 
real  property); 

Westervelt,  Adrian  Bogart  and  Walter  Tall- 
man  (Metallic  book-shelving  for  libraries). 


liibliogrnfn. 


Keidel,   G:   C.      Romance   and  other 
studies,  no.  2:  a  manual  of  ^Esopic  fable  lit- 
erature: a   first   book   of   reference   for   the 
period  ending  A. n.  1500.    First  fascicule  (with 
three  fac-similes).     Bait.,  The  Friedenwald 
Co.,  1896.     24+76  p.  O.  pap. 
The  Athena-urn  says  of  Dr.  Keidel's  mono- 
graph: "  His  method  is  6ne  of  extraordinary 
bibliographical   minuteness.     After  citing   the- 
modern  works  on  the  history  of  the  subject,  he 
gives  a  list  of  174  incunabula,  beginning  with 
Ulrich    Boner's    '  Edelstein '  (Bamberg,    1461) 
and    ending   with    Caxton's    '  Esope.'     Then 
follows  a  list  of  the  known  extant  copies  of 
each,  with  a  note  stating  when  they  have  not 
been  seen  by  the  author;  next,  lists  of  authors, 
of   places  where   printed,   of  printers,  of   the 
number  of  leaves  in  the  folio  and  quarto  edi- 
tions, of  languages,  of  the  places  where  now 
preserved,  of  catalogs,  of  sale  prices,  and  of 
former  owners." 

ALABAMA  LAW.  Cole,  Theodore  Lee.  Bibliog- 
raphy of  the  statute  law  of  the  southern 
states  :  Alabama.  Washington,  D.  C.,  Statute 
Law-Book  Co.,  1897.  76  p.  O. 

AMERICAN  AUTHORS.  Foley,  P.  K.  American 
authors,  1795-1895  :  a  bibliography  of  first 
and  notable  editions,  chronologically  ar- 
ranged with  notes  ;  with  an  introduction  by 
Walter  Leon  Sawyer.  Bost.,  printed  for 
subscribers,  1897.  16+352  p.  O.  subs.,  net, 

$5  J  $10. 

"  The  compiler's  evident  intention  has  been 
to  include  the  titles  of  books  by  writers  who, 
within  the  last  100  years,  have  published 
enough  works  of  the  class  usually  called  belles- 
lettres  to  entitle  them  to  be  fairly  termed  littera- 
teurs, and  the  work  includes  the  youngest  of 
our  contemporary  writers,  even  to  those  born 
as  recently  as  1865.  In  a  number  of  cases  the 
aid  of  the  author  himself  is  very  manifest,  but 
except  where  this  has  been  given  the  list  is  far 
from  satisfactory  ;  there  are  many  omissions 
of  names  and  titles  which  should  be  included, 
misprints  abound,  and  little  judgment  or  unity 
is  shown  throughout.  The  works  of  some  few 
writers  are  set  forth  at  great  length,  and  the 
titles  of  their  writings  are  greatly  multiplied 
by  giving  all  books  to  which  they  contributed 
a  poem  or  a  preface.  In  a  few  cases  all  the 
non-literary  writings  are  included,  even  to 
medical  and  mathematical  works,  while  in 
others  they  are  excluded.  .  .  .  The  exact  use 
of  the  list  is  not  altogether  easy  to  define,  since 
the  titles  are  far  too  brief  to  make  it  of  value 
to  the  collector,  and  the  material  is  already  in 
print  in  much  better  form."  —  Nation,  Ap.  22. 

Pages  357-358  include  lists  of  "  Initials  and 
pseudonyms"  and  "Anonyms."  The  edition 
is  limited  to  500  copies  at  $5,  and  75  copies  at 
$10,  and  subscriptions  are  received  by  P.  K. 
Foley,  67  Chauncy  St.,  Boston. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


327 


ANARCHISM.  Nettlau,  M.  Bibliographic  de 
1'anarchie;  preface  d*  Elysee  Reclus.  Brus- 
sels, Bibl.  des  Temps  Nouveaux,  1897.  294 
p.  8°.  5  fr. 

ARKANSAS  statute  law.  Cole,  Theodore  Lee. 
Bibliography  of  the  statute  law  of  the  south- 
ern states:  Arkansas  [from  publications  of 
the  Southern  History  Association,  April, 
1897].  Washington,  Statute  Law-Book  Co., 
1897.  14  p.  O. 

Continues  the  pagination  from  the  similar 
check  list  of  Alabama  law. 

BURNS.  The  fourth  and  concluding  volume  of 
"The  life  and  works  of  Robert  Burns,"  edited 
by  Robert  Chambers  and  revised  by  William 
Wallace  (N.  Y.,  Longmans,  '97,  $2. 50),  contains 
a  selected  bibliography  of  Burns,  p.  505-517. 

CATHARINE  n.   of  Russia.      Bilbassoff.  Prof. 
B.  von.     Katharine  n.,  Kaisserin  von  Russ- 
land,  im  urtheile  der  weltlitteratur,  autori- 
sirte  uebersetzung  aus  dem  Russischen;  mit 
einem  vorworte  von  Prof.  Dr.  Theodor  Shie- 
mann.       Berlin,    Stur'sche     Buchhandlung, 
1897.     2  v.     1.  O.     20  m. 
Contains  a  critical  examination  of  the  1282  v. 
in  the  Imperial  Public  Library  of  St.  Peters- 
burg,  which   treat   of   Catharine   n.   and   her 
times;   many   of  these  volumes,   manuscripts, 
and  private  documents  preserved  in  the  Rus- 
sian archives  have  been  hitherto  unknown  and 
inaccessible,  and  Prof.   Bilbassoff's  investiga- 
tions should  cast  much  light  upon  the  history 
of  Europe  in  the  time  of  Catharine.     The  work 
includes    indexes    of    authors,   subjects,    and 
persons. 

CHOLELITHIASIS.  Volume  158  of  the  New 
Sydenham  Society  Publications  (1896)  is  "A 
treatise  on  cholelithiasis,"  by  B.  Naumyn,  and 
contains  a  nine-page  bibliography. 

CIM-KCH  HISTORY.     Hurst,  J:   Fletcher.      His- 
tory of  the  Christian  church,     v.   i.     N.  Y., 
Eaton  &  Mains,  '97.    26+950  p.  O.    $5. 
Prefaced  by  a  classed  bibliography  of  "  Lit- 
erature of  church  history  "  (p.  i  - 14). 

FRENCH   LITERATURE.     Pellissier,  G:    The  lit- 
erary movement  in  France  during  the  igth 
century;   authorized    Eng.  version  by  Anna 
rrison  Brinton,  with  general  introduction. 
N.  Y.,  Putnam,  1897.     56+504  p.  O.    $3.50. 
Appended  is  an  eight-page  bibliography  of 
"authors  whose  works  have  been  utilized  as 
examples  of  the  literary  movement."     The  ar- 
rangement is  chronological. 

GENEALOGY.  Glenn,  T:  Allen,  <•<>»//.  A  list  of 
some  American  genealogies  which  have  been 
printed  in  book  form;  arranged  in  alphabet!, 
cal  order.  Philadelphia,  II. T.  Coates  &  Co., 
1897.  3  •*•  7i  P-  28.4  x  22  cm.,  net,  $2. 
The  title-page  of  this  book  describes  it  in  a 


general  way.  Printed  with  two  columns  to  the 
page,  it  contains  a  vast  amount  of  material  that 
cannot  fail  to  be  useful  in  every  library  that  is 
consulted  by  members  or  would-be  members  of 
the  many  patriotic  societies,  colonial  dames, 
and  the  like.  Cross-references  from  allied 
families  are  given,  though  in  the  appendices, 
of  which  there  are  two,  many  cross-references 
seem  to  have  been  omitted  intentionally.  In 
many  cases  brief  descriptive  notes  are  given. 
"The  special  feature  claimed  for  the  present 
list  is  that,  wherever  possible,  the  unabridged 
title-page  of  each  book  is  given,  thus  indicating, 
in  nearly  every  instance,  the  locality  where  the 
family  resided,  and  the  city  or  town  in  which 
the  genealogy  was  printed."  Size  and  number 
of  pages  are  also  given. 

JAPAN.      Knapp,    Arthur   May.      Feudal  and 
modern  Japan.     Bost.,  Joseph   Knight  Co., 
1897.     2  v.     24°,  $1.50. 
Contains  (v.  2,  p.  187-226)  a  classified  and 

annotated  bibliography. 

JEWISH  LIFE.     Abrahams,  Israel.     Jewish  life 
in  the  Middle  Ages.    N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  1896. 
8°,  $1.75- 
Contains  a  list  of  Hebrew  authorities  on  the 

subject  (6  p.). 

KOOPMAN,  Harry  Lyman.  The  mastery  of 
books:  hints  on  reading  and  the  use  of  libra- 
ries. New  York,  American  Book  Co.,  [1896.] 
214  p.  12°.  90  c. 

This  little  volume  contains  chapters  on  "What 
to  read,"  "  Reference  broks  and  catalogs," 
"Periodicals,"  "The  place  of  the  library  in 
education,"  etc.  Some  50  pages  are  given  up 
to  a  classified  list  of  books,  which  is  a  useful 
guide  to  the  leading  works  in  the  various  de- 
partments of  knowledge.  The  last  chapter  is 
on  "  Books  on  the  subject  of  reading,"  and  this 
is  probably  the  most  helpful  one  to  librarians. 
Brief  descriptive  notes  of  each  work  are  given. 
Through  an  oversight  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
(p.  143)  is  called  a  weekly. 

LITHOGRAPHY.  Curtis,  Atherton.  Some  mas- 
ters of  lithography  ;  with  22  photogravure 
plates  after  representative  lithographs,  and 
appendices  giving  technical  explanations, 
and  bibliography.  N.  Y.,  Appleton,  1897. 
4°,  net,  $12. 

MOUNTAIN  OBSERVATORIES.  Holden,  E.  S. 
Mountain  observatories  in  America  and 
Europe.  Washington,  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, 1896.  6+77  P.  8°,  (Smithsonian  miscel- 
laneous collections,  1035.) 
Contains  a  five-page  bibliography. 

NOMINATIONS.     Dallinger,  F:  W.    Nominations 
for  elective  office  in  the  United  States.    N.  Y.. 
Longmans,    1897.     14+290  p.   O.  (Harvard 
hist,  studies.no.  4.)  net,  $1.50. 
The  appendix  contains  a  select  bibliography. 


328 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


PSYCHOLOGY.  Warren,  Howard  C.,  and  Far- 
rand,  Livingston,  conips.  The  psychological 
index,  no.  3:  a  bibliography  of  the  literature 
of  psychology  and  cognate  subjects  for  1896. 
4+145  P.  8°. 

This  is  the  third  index  issued  as  a  supple- 
ment to  the  Psychological  Review.  Ther^  are 
2234  titles,  arranged  according  to  classes. 
There  is  also  an  index  of  authors. 

TOLSTOI,  Count.  Zelinskii,  V.  Rousskaia  kri- 
titcheskaia  literatoura  o  proizvedeniiakh  L. 
N.  Tolstogo  ;  khronologitcheskii  sbornik 
kritiko-bibliografitcheskikh  statel.  Moscow, 
A.  Koltchougin,  1806.  251  p.  8°. 
A  collection  of  bibliographical  articles  re- 
garding Tolstoi's  works. 

INDEXES. 

The  CONGRESS  OF  ARCH/EOLOGICAL  SOCIETIES 
has  issued  through  its  secretary,  Ralph  Nevill, 
a  circular  briefly  describing  the  "Index  of 
archaeological  papers  published  from  1682- 
1890,"  which  that  association  has  now  in  press. 
This  important  work  will  furnish  a  key  to  the 
records  of  British  archaeology,  scattered  for 
years  through  the  transactions  of  many  socie- 
ties. The  first  step  toward  its  preparation  was 
taken  in  1891,  three  years  after  the  formation 
of  the  Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies, 
when  a  yearly  index  to  such  articles  was  com- 
piled and  issued.  This  has  appeared  each 
year  from  1891  to  1895,  and  has  been  of  great 
service,  but  to  make  it  complete  an  index  from 
the  beginning  of  the  Royal  Society  in  1682  to 
1890  was  needed.  Such  an  index  was  compiled 
up  to  the  year  1885  by  Mr.  G.  L.  Gomme,  the 
well-known  writer  on  English  archaeological 
subjects,  who  has  offered  the  use  of  his  ms.  to 
the  congress.  It  is  now  proposed  to  complete 
the  work  for  the  period  1886  to  1890  and  issue 
the  entire  index,  1682  to  1890,  to  subscribers. 
The  index  consists  of  a  transcript  of  the  titles 
of  papers  contributed  to  every  archaeological 
society  and  other  societies  publishing  archaeo- 
logical material  in  the  United  Kingdom  ;  these 
are  arranged  alphabetically  by  authors,  and 
the  author  list  is  supplemented  by  an  exhaus- 
tive subject  index.  The  value  of  the  proposed 
work  is  apparent  at  first  sight,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  sufficient  subscriptions  will  be  re- 
ceived to  make  its  prompt  publication  possible. 
The  subscription  price  is  15  s.  net,  to  be  raised 
after  publication  to  one  guinea,  net ;  subscri: 
bers  should  send  their  names  promptly  to  Ralph 
Nevill,  F.S.A.,  Hon.  Secretary,  Rolls  Cham- 
bers, 89  Chancery  Lane,  London,  W.  C. 

UNINDEXED  BOOKS.  The  number  of  impor- 
tant books  recently  published  without  needed 
indexes  is  rather  discouraging  to  those  who 
look  for  a  rapid  development  of  the  "index 
conscience  "  among  publishers.  The  most  fla- 
grantcase  is  that  of  Nansen's  great  work,  which, 
admirably  supplied  as  it  is  with  maps  and  illus- 
trations, lacks  the  essential  feature  of  a  full 


and  careful  index.  This  omission,  in  the  case 
of  so  expensive  and  valuable  a  work,  is  es- 
pecially inexcusable.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the 
advance  announcements  of  "  Farthest  north  " 
stated  thata  thorough  index  was  to  be  included, 
but  the  promise  was  unfulfilled  —  whether  ow- 
ing to  the  necessity  of  rushing  its  publication 
through  at  the  last  moment  or  for  other  rea- 
sons it  is  difficult  to  guess.  John  A.  Logan's 
"In  joyful  Russia"  (Appleton),  is  another 
book  the  value  of  which  is  much  impaired  by 
the  lack  of  an  index.  In  the  same  category 
belong  Dowden's  "  French  Revolution  and 
English  literature,"  Mrs.  Sherwood's  "Epistle 
to  posterity,"  Miss  Tooley's  "  Personal  life  of 
Queen  Victoria,"  and  H.  I.  Sheldon's  "  Notes 
on  the  Nicaragua  Canal."  The  list,  it  will  be 
seen,  comprises  some  of  the  foremost  publishers 
of  the  country — Harper,  Appleton,  Scribner, 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  and  McClurg,  and  this  fact 
is  regrettable  evidence  that  the  importance  of 
good  indexes  is  yet  far  from  being  generally 
recognized. 


anb 


"  Story  of  the  heavenly  camp-fires  ;  by  one 
with  a  new  name,"  N.  Y.,  Harper,  1896,  is  by 
Edward  Pay  son  Tenney.  —  Authority  of  author, 
N.  E.  B. 

"An  iron  crown:  a  tale  of  the  great  repub- 
lic," Chicago,  c.  1885,  published  anonymously, 
is  by  Thnmas  Stewart  Denison,  who  is  also 
the  publisher.  KATE  M.  HENNEBERRY. 

"The  descendant."  In  Harper's  Bazar  of 
June  5,  the  author  of  "  The  descendant  "  (Har- 
per, 1897),  is  announced  to  be  Miss  Ellen  Glas- 
gow, of  Richmond,  Va. 


^ntnors  anb  Slnnbers. 


A  LIBRARY  patron  wished  to  know,  "who 
were  the  most  noted  American  ladies."  In  the 
conversation  that  ensued  she  remarked  that 
she  believed  "the  mother  of  Ben  Hur  was 
quite  a  noted  lady." 

HEARD  AT  THE  DELIVERY-DESK.  "I  don't 
want  any  more  of  them  books.  The  girls  is  all 
too  holy." 

"The  civil  war  of  the  fourth  century"  was 
asked  for  by  a  person  who  wanted  to  see  the 
four  volumes  of  the  "  Battles  and  leaders  of 
the  Civil  War"  (Century  Co.). 

"  THE  new  nonsense  book  "  was  asked  for  by 
an  inquirer  who  wished  the  latest  work  of 
Nansen. 

A  PRIVATELY  printed  volume  about  the  Athe- 
naeum Club  tells  of  a  clerical  dignitary  who, 
being  anxious  to  consult  one  of  the  fathers  on 
a  theological  point,  asked  a  servant  of  the 
club  "if  'Justin  Martyr'  was  in  the  library." 
"  I  don't  think  he's  a  member,  my  lord,"  was 
the  reply,  "  but  I'll  go  and  ask  the  porter." 


June,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


329 


THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COJIIPHNY, 

(CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  President,) 

BEACON    STREET,  £  BOSTON,    MASS. 


Thorvald  Solbcrg, 
Frederick  W.  Faxon. 


Specialty:  Periodical  Sets. 

7THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  does  not  make  a  practice  of  adver- 

tising sets  not  in  stock  on  the  chance  of  securing  orders,  but  it  actu- 

ally does  carry  a  larger  stock  of  periodicals  than  any  other  one  dealer.     More- 

over, conscientious  efforts  are  made  to  perfect  every  set  before  it  leaves  the 

house,  collators  being  kept  steadily  at  work  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sets  are 

not  simply  "guaranteed  "  perfect,  but  they  are  made  perfect  before  shipment. 

The  advantages  offered   by  THE    BOSTON    BOOK    COMPANY  are 

jCargest  Stock  of  Sets  to  Select  from, 
SSest  Worth  for  Tffoney  Sxpended  .  .  , 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  has  begun  the  publication  of  a 
BULLETIN  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  of  which  the  first  number  is  just  off 
the  press.  This  journal  is  not  for  sale  but  will  be  sent  to  a  select  list  of 
libraries.  Librarians  interested  in  the  publication  who  have  not  received 
the  initial  number,  are  requested  to  send  for  a  sample  copy. 

ADDRESS 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COflPANY, 

\&Y,  BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


330 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[June,  '97 


PUBLIC  A  TIONS  which  are  the  exclusive  property  of  H.  WELTER  are  marked  * 


Cheapest 
Supply  of 
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H.  WELTER,   Paris,   Rue  Bonaparte,  59, 

-Offers  at  reduced  prices  if  ordered  direct: 


*  Arbitrage   des    pboqnes   &  fourrure.    Memoire, 

contre-memoire  et  plaidoyer  des  Etats-Unis  devant  le 
tribunal  d'arbitrage  reuni  &  Paris  en  1893.  3  vol.  in-8. 
1893.  (30  fr.)  15  fr. 

*  Archives  du  diocese  de  Chartres.    Histoire  et  Cartu- 

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vol.  in-8,  av.  planches.  1895-97.  12  fr.  50 

'Armelbaut  et  Bocber.  Catalogue  de  1'CEuvre  de 
Gavarni,  lithographies  originates  et  essais  d'eau-forte 
et  de  process  nouveaux  In-8,  sur  papier  de  Hollande, 
1873.  (60  fr.)  25  fr- 

Blbllotbeqiie  elzevlrienne.    170  volumes  parus, 

C'n-1^  sur  papier  verge,  cartonnage  rouge.    Nous  four- 

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e'puise's  de  cette  fameuse  collection.  Liste  spe'ciale  avec 
prix  &  disposition. 

*Klauc  (J.).  Bibliographic  italico-franjaise,  2  vol.  in-8. 
1886.  30  fr. 

Mlory  de  Saint  Vincent.  Botanique  du  Voyage 
autour  du  monde  sur  la  corvette  La  Coquille  pendant 
les  annees  1822-25.  Partie  Cryptogamie.  In-4,  avec  36 
planches  colorizes  et  noires.  1828.  35  fr. 

'Bulletin  blbliograpblqne  International  et 
Courrier  litte'raire.  Gr.  m-8, 12  numdros  par  an.  4  fr.  50 

Barton's  Arabian  Nights  entertainements.  Reprint, 
including  the  supplemental  Nights,  now  entitled  :  The 
Book  of  the  Thousand  Nights  and  a  Night.  12  vol.  gr. 
in-8,  relics  toile.  1896.  170  fr. 

Chausonnier  bistorlqne  du  XVIIIe  siecle,  public 
avec  introduction,  commentaire,  notes  et  index,  par  E. 
Raunie.  10  vol.  in-8  sur  papier  de  Hollande,  av.  por- 
traits &  1'eau-forte.  1879-1884.  (100  fr.)  35  fr. 

*Cl»a«slotIs  (G.).  L,5 Instruction  publique  chez  les 
Grecs  depuis  la  prise  de  Constantinople  par  les  Turcs 
jusqu'i  nos  jours.  566  pp.,  gr.  in-8,  av.  4  cartes  en 
couleurs.  1881.  (25  fr.)  10  fr. 

Cbevalier  (Ulysse).  Repertoire  des  sources  historiques 
du  moyen-Sge.  Topo-bibliographie.  L'ouvrage  sera 
complet  en  6  fascicules  in-4  i  2  colonnes,  de  528  col. 
environ  chacun.  En  vente  les  fasc.  i  et  2.  Prix  du 
fascicule  9  it. 

Souscription  £  1'ouvrage  complet  payd  d'avance  45  fr. 

'Collection  de  reproductions  en  fac-simile  et  de  r#- 
impressions  d'ouvrages  rares  du  196  siecle. 

I.  Faguet.    La  tragedie  au  i6e  siecle.    In-8.    1895-    10  fr. 

II.  Ozanam.     Docum.  sur  1'hist.  litter,  d'ltalie  au  146 
siecle.    In-8.    1897.  12  fr.  50 

III.  Du  Mtril.    Les  origines  latines  du  theltre  moderne. 
In-8.    1897.  12  fr.  50 

IV.  Livet.    Precieux  et  Precieuses.    In-8.    1897.    7  fr.  50 
'Colombo  (Cristoforo).    Scritti  ed  Autogran, pubblicati 

con  prefazione  e  trascrizione  diplomatica  dal  Prof. 
Cesare  de  Lollis.  3  vol.  in-fol.  et  un  supplement,  en 
tout  4  vol.,  avec  170  planches  en  phototypie.  Rome, 
1892-94.  (150  fr.)  90  fr. 

Tire  i  60  exemplaires  seulement. 

Dame  (Fr.).  Nouveau  dictionnaire  roumain-fran9ais. 
4  vol.  gr.  in-8.  1896.  32  fr. 

*Oaute.  Les  plus  anciennes  traductions  francaises  de 
la  Divine  Comedie,  publiees  pour  la  ire  fois  d'apres  les 
manuscrits,  par  C.  Morel,  i  vol.  in-8  de  623  pages  ac- 
compagne  d'un  album  de  13  miniatures  reproduites  en 
phototypie,  cart.  1897.  35  fr. 

Trois  traductions  du  i6e  siecle  publiees  d'apres  les 

ceiebres  manuscrits  de  Turin,  Paris  (Bibl.  Nationale)  et 

Vienne  (Bibl.  Impenale  n°  10201). 

I>u pout- An bervllle.  Decorations  polychromes. 
L'art,  la  decoration  et  1'ornement  des  etoffes  et  des 
tissus  chez  les  anciens  et  chez  les  modernes.  i  volume 
in-folio,  avec  100  planches  en  couleurs,  or  et  argent. 
En  carton,  1877.  (150  fr.)  65  fr. 


"Exploits  de  Basile  Dlgenis  Acritas.  Epopee 
byzantine.  publ.  p.  E.  Legrand.  In-8,  tire  &  100  ex.  sur 
papier  de  Hollande.  1892.  15  fr. 

Bibliotheque  grecque  vulgaire. 

'Fables  Etoplques,  mises en  vers par  Georges  r  Eto- 

lien,  et  publ.  pour  la  ire  fois  d'apres  un  manuscrit  du 

Mont  Athos,  par  Emile  Legrand.     Gr.  in-8,  imprime  i 

100  ex.  seulement  sur  papier  de  Hollande.     1897.     15  fr. 

Bibliothfeque  grecque-vulgaire. 

'Fonlcbe-Delbosc  (R.).  Bibliographic  des  Voyages 
en  Espagne  et  en  Portugal.  Gr.  in-8,  1896.  12  fr.  50 

'Froebner  (W.).  Terrescuitesd'Asie.  Collection  Jules 
Greau  decrite  et  publiee.  2  vol.  in-folio,  en  cartons, 
texte  et  120  planches  en  heliogravure  teintee.  1891. 
(150  fr.)  60  fr. 

Habelche.  Dictionnaire  fran9ais-arabe.  2  vol.  gr. 
in-8.  1890.  (30  fr.)  20  fr. 

*Harrlsse  (H.).  History  of  the  discovery  of  North 
America.  In-4,  with  23  maps.  1892.  (150  fr.)  100  fr. 

* —  Fernand  Colomb.    Gr.  in-8.    1872.    (Rare.)          25  fr. 

* —  Christophe  Colomb  devant  1'histoire.  In-8.  1892. 
(Rare.)  10  fr. 

*—  Christophe  Colomb  et  les  Academiciens  espagnols. 
In-i8.  1894.  (Rare.)  10  fr. 

*Hlstoire  litteraire  de  la  France.  32  vol.  in-4.  (Very 
rare.)  Only  a  few  sets  left.  672  fr. 

Separately,  vol.  17-24,  2OO  fr.  together,  or  ea.  5O  fr.; 

27-29,  ea.  50  fr.}  30,  31,  ea.  20  fr» 

*KPTIITAAIA.  Recueil  de  documents  pour  servir  & 
I'etude  des  traditions  populaires.  Les  tomes  I  &  IV 
ainsi  gue  le  litre  de  la  collection  sont  actuellement  notre 
propnete.  Les  4  vol.  parus  de  1883  i  1888  sont  trfes 
rares  ;  nous  en  possedons  i  exemplaire  au  prix  de  200  f r. ; 
nous  pouvons  en  outre  fornir:  les  tomes,  i,  3  et  4  en- 
semble pour  loo  fr.,  le  36  pour  35  fr.,  le  46  pour  30  fr. 
Sous  presse  le  tome  5.  Prix  pour  les  souscripteurs, 

30  fr. 

'Lecture  hiBtoriqne  (La).  Choix  de  la  Revue  des 
questions  historiques.  10  vol.  divers,  chacun  ayant 
640  pages  gr.  in-8.  (100  fr.)  20  fr. 

'liefebvre  (Th.).  Voyage  en  Abyssinie.  Relation  his- 
torique.  Documents  sur  le  commerce  et  la  question 
coloniale.  Itineraire.  Description  et  dictionnaire  geo- 
graphique.  Physique  et  metereologie.  Statistique. 
Ethnologic.  Linguist ique.  Archeologie.  3  vol.  in-8 
avec  i  carte  et  i  atlas  in-folio  de  59  planches  dont  42 
coloriees.  1845.  (24°  &"•)  65  fr. 

*Lefebvre  (Th.).  Voyage  en  Abyssinie.  Partie  Zoolo- 
gie,  par  O.  des  Murs,  Fl.  Prevost,  etc.  400  pp.  de  texte 
in-8  et  40  pi.  coloriees  in  folio.  1849.  (I0°  ^r-)  35  fr- 

'Lenormant  (Ch.).  et  J.  de  Wltte.  Elite  des  monu- 
ments ceramographiques.  Materiaux  pour  1'histoire  des 
religions  et  des  mceurs  de  1'antiquite  rassembies  et  com- 
mentes.  4  forts  volumes  gr.  in-4,  avec  469  planches, 
1844  *  1861.  (580  fr.)  180  fr. 

—  Relie  en  demi-chagrin,  les  planches  montees  sur 
onglets.  220  fr. 

'Lenormant  (Fr.).  La  monnaie  dans  1'antiquite. 
Leyons  professees  dans  la  chaire  d'archeologie  prts  la 
Bibliotheque  Nationale.  Nouvelle  edition.  3  vol.  in-8. 
1897.  20  fr. 

*lie  Petit  (Jean).  Le  livre  du  Champ  d'Or  et  autres 
poemes  inedits,  publ.  par  Le  Verdier.  In-4,  tire  i  25  ex. 
seulement  pour  le  commerce.  1896.  30  fr. 

'lilvet.  Lexique  de  la  langue  de  Moliere.  3  vol.  in-8. 
1896-97.  45  fr. 

Maul  (J.)  u.  H.  Friedel.  Deutsche  Bucheinbaende 
der  Neuzeit.  In-4,  av-  4°  pi-  en  photogravure  et  2  pi.  en 
couleurs.  En  carton.  1888.  (37  fr.  50.)  20  fr. 


Si  vous  avez  besoin  de  livres,  quels  qu'ils  soient,  fransais  ou  Strangers,  anciens  ou 
modernes,  adressez-vous  en  toute  confiance  &  ma  librairie,  qui  met  £  votre  service  son  experience 
et  ses  relations  avec  tous  les  pays  du  monde.  Catalogues  speciaux  £  disposition  sur  toutes  les 
branches  de  la  littferature.  Recherche  de  livres  d'occasion.  Vaste  assortiment  de  livres  anciens, 
200,000  volumes  en  magasin,  surtout  Collections  de  Revues  et  grands  ouvrages  pour  les  Biblio- 
'theques.  Correspondance  dans  une  des  4  langues  :  fran5aise,  allemande,  anglaise  ou  italienne. 
Exactitude,  promptitude  et  conditions  advantageuses  sont  les  3  principes  qui  me  guident. 

H.   WELTER. 


June,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  33i 

Nothing  too  good ! 

The  economical  administration  of  your  library  demands 
that  you  know  all  there  is  to  be  known  about  our  improved 
catalogue  cabinets  and  other  up-to-date  supplies. 

Our  favorite  is  a  single  tray,  16  inches  long,  to  be  re- 
moved for  reference  so  that  each  searcher  uses  one  tray  at  a 
time  and  leaves  the  coast  clear  for  others.  These  are  built 
man  high  upon  a  stand  15  inches  high,  giving  great  capacity 
in  small  wall  and  floor  space. 

They  have  the  following  points  of  superiority  over  any 
that  have  heretofore  been  offered :  Cabinets  built  of  seasoned 
oak  throughout.  Trays  cut  low  at  sides  admitting  light  to 
bottom  of  cards.  Finished  inside  for  use,  outside  for  appear- 
ance. Trays  just  right  in  width  so  that  rod  can  be  replaced 
without  being  necessary  to  straighten  up  the  cards.  Blocks 
run  on  track  so  that  they  cannot  upset  or  push  back  when 
rod  is  removed.  Blocks,  rods,  and  cards  so  secured  to  bot- 
tom of  tray  that  they  cannot  be  spilled  out  should  a  tray  be 
dropped  or  upset.  Rods  are  removed  with  a  quarter  turn. 
We  also  make  a  lock  block  which  holds  rod  and  block  so 
that  neither  can  be  moved  without  a  key,  giving  absolute 
security  for  public  use. 

This  construction,  of  course,  costs  more  to  manufacture 
than  cabinets  made  with  less  care,  but  we  are  in  the  market 
to  meet  every  competition  on  a  basis  of  merit. 

We  are  glad  to  get  letters  of  in- 

Nothiny  too  large  for  our   i  .  /-/.   ,  i 

facilities.  ?    quiry  concerning  our  stuff,  they  m- 

too  smaii  for  our  J    dicate  an  interest  in  what  we  are 

careful  attention.  .  ,., 

doing  to  improve  library  service. 


THE  OFFICE  &  LIBRARY  CO., 

102  and  104  Fulton  Street,  -  NEW  YORK. 

S.  H.  BERRY,  Manager  Dept.  of  Library  Fittings  and  Supplies. 


332 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\June,  '97 


HIGGINS' 


(PATENTED.) 


PHOT© 

, M0UNTER. 


The  best  adhesive  for  mounting  photographs,  maps,  engravings, 
posters,  etc.,  and  for  scrap-book,  tissue  work,  and  general  use  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  mucilage.  For  a  hundred  and  one  purposes  where  an  adhesive 
is  needed  a  world  of  satisfaction  will  be  yours  if  HIGGINS'  PHOTO  MOUNTER 
is  at  your  elbow.  It  is  not  a  Starch  or  Flour  Paste,  but  a  "  Vegetable 
Glue,"  semi-fluid,  and  always  ready  for  use  without  preparation.  A  true 
solution,  absolutely  uniform  and  free  from  lumps,  of  soft  and  unctuous 
consistency  and  pure  white  color,  and  never  spoils  or  changes.  Spreads  very  smoothly  and 
easily,  adheres  at  once,  and  dries  quickly.  Does  not  warp,  cockle,  or  strike  through  the  mount, 
and  warranted  not  to  injure  the  tone  or  color  of  any  mount.  Unsurpassed  for  either  dry  or  wet 
mountings.  An  excellent  novel  brush  (see  cut)  goes  with  each  jar. 


SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  ARTISTS'  MATERIALS,  PHOTO  SUPPLIES,   AND  STATIONERY. 


A.  3-oz.  jar  prepaid  by  mail  for  thirty  cents,  or  circulars  free  from 

CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Originators  and  Manufacturers, 


INKS  AND  ADHESIVES. 


168-172  Eighth  Street, 

Brooklyn,  IV.  ¥.,  U.  S.  A. 


London  Office:  106  Charing  Cross  Road. 


The  Binding  of  Books  for  Learned  Societies,  Colleges  and  Libraries. 
Single    Volumes  or  in  Quantities. 


NEUMANN  BROTHERS, 


ESTABLISHED    1ST9. 


7  EAST   16th  STREET, 


Near  Fifth  Avenue, 


NEW  YORK. 


We  make  a  specialty  of  the\  correct  arranging  and  lettering  of  ivorks 

in  foreign  languages. 


June,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


333 


LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  :  :  :  :  : 

LEflCKE  &  BUECHNER, 

(LONDON.     LEIPZIG.     PARIS.) 

•—  =812  Broadway,  New  York. 

*      *      ¥. 

t(§>\E  invite  Librarians  to  correspond  with  us  before  placing  orders.     Our  facili- 
»»      ties  for  supplying  books  in  all  languages  are  unsurpassed. 

Xarpest  Stocfe  of  (Berman  anl>  JFrencb  3Booftg. 
Hmerican  Boohs  at  jobbers'  IRates 


JBrlttsb  JBooftg  Umporteo  g)ut£*jfree 

Our  firm  offers  all  the  advantages  of  foreign  agencies  as  to  terms  and 
prompter  service,  receiving  weekly  shipments  from  England,  Germany,  and  France. 

Our  Monthly  Bulletin,  besides  a  bibliography  of  the  leading  languages  of 
the  world,  supplies  in  a  supplement  critical  notes  on  books  especially  valuable  for 
Libraries,  and  has  become  the  purchasing  guide  for  German  and  French  books 
in  many  Libraries. 

•  FOREIGN  PERIODICALS  AJ   LOWEST  RA TES          • 

LIBRARY    DEPARTflENT 

OF 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co., 

CHICAGO. 

ORDERS  for  libraries — public,  university,  college,  or  school — filled  with  promptness  and  the 
greatest  care. 

Our  stock  of  miscellaneous  books  is  very  large  and  complete,  and  our  special  Library  De- 
partment with  a  corps  of  trained  assistants  enables  us  to  give  the  best  attention  to  the  peculiar 
demands  of  libraries. 

We  are  continually  receiving  large  consignments  of  foreign  books — those  for  public  libraries 
coming  free  of  duty — and  we  make  a  specialty  of  picking  up  both  domestic  and  foreign  books 
which  are  out  of  print  or  which  for  other  reasons  are  difficult  to  secure. 

Our  prices  are  very  low  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  librarians  regarding  their 
wants. 


TO  [iBRARiEs,  ART- 


I  am  prepared  to  offer  special  terms  and  inducements. 

Write  f.»r  list  of  Works  on  Drawing,  in  all  its  branches  and  grades  ;  Painting  in  water 
and  oil;  Planning.  Designing,  and  application  of  Ornament,  Architectural  Styles; 
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Iron;  Designs  for  Metal  Work,  etc. 

C9~  Books  aent  for  inspection,  if  desired,  free  of  charge. -«      Large  stock  always  on  hand. 

DDHVin    UFCQT  TUP  PUBLISHER  AND  IMPORTER  or 

DnUJlU    nDuuLllIU,     ARCHITECTURAL   AND    ART    INDUSTRIAL   WORKS, 

64   EAST    12th  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


334  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [7^,  *97 


G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS, 

DRK:  LO 

t  23d  Street.  &  24  Bedford 

LIBRARY    AGENTS. 


NEW  YORK:  ~  LONDON: 

27  and  29  West  23d  Street.  &  24  Bedford  Street,  Strand. 


MESSRS.  PUTNAll  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
telligently and  to  the  best  advantage  of  their  customers. 

Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for 
American  books)  enables  them  to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  com- 
mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

'53-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
orders. 

The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
kept  in  stock,  thereby  enabling  us  to  fill  orders  with  utmost  despatch. 

Special  attention  is  asked  to  our  facilities  for  importing  books  free  of  duty. 

Correspondence  solicited.  Send  for  catalogues  and  specimen  copy  of 
THE  BOOK  BUYER,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  books,  authors,  and  literary  affairs. 

LIBRARY   REBINDING   DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE 

BOSTON  BOOKBINDING  ConpANY, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

|E  beg  to  inform  Librarians  that  we  are  doing  rebinding  work  of  every 
description  for  public  libraries  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Our  flexible  sewing  insures  strength,  and  perfect  opening  of  old 
volumes.  Our  prices  are  low,  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  Libra- 
rians regarding  their  wants. 

KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

PUBLISHERS  AND  LIBRARY  AGENTS, 
Paternoster   House,   Charing:   Cross  Road,   London, 


Having  extensive  experience  in  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
INSTITUTIONS,  etc.,  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  Miscellaneous  Requisites,  Books  (New  and 
Second-hand),  or  Periodicals  in  all  Languages,  offer  their  Services  to  LIBRARIANS,  SECRE- 
TARIES, AND  OTHERS.  Careful  attention  given  to  every  detail.  Exceptional  Facilities  for 
obtaining  Foreign  and  Scarce  Books.  BINDING  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  UNDERTAKEN.  Periodicals 
and  Newspapers  Promptly  Supplied  as  issued.  Books  Shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  World  at  Lowest 
Rates.  _ 

TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES,  HANDBOOKS,  ETC. 


June,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


335 


LIBRARIES. 


WE  solicit  correspondence  with  bookbuyers  for  private  and  other  LIBRARIES 
and  desire  to  submit  figures  on   proposed   lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles. 


THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO., 


WHOLESALE 
BOOKS, 

5   and   7   Bast   i6th    Street,   New   York. 


TeltgrapMt  Address : 

BOOKMEN,  LONDON. 


H.  SOTHERAN  &  CO., 


Codt  in  Ust  : 

UNICODE. 


Booksellers,  Bookbinders,  and  Publishers,  and  General  Agents  in  Europe 
for  Private  Bookbuyers  and  Public  Institutions  in  America. 

With  exceptionally  long  experience  in  Library  Agency,  they  can  promise  the  best  care, 
diligence,  and  discretion  in  everything  relating  to  it,  and  in  small  matters  as  well  as  great. 
Established  1816.  

A  Monthly  Catalogue  tf  Second-Hand  Books.     Specimen  Number  post  free. 


14O  Strand,  W.  C.,  and  37  Piccadilly,  W. :  London. 

EM.    TERQUEM, 
Paris  Agency  for  American  Libraries, 

ESTABLISHED    18TT, 

31    Bis    BOULEVARD    HAUSSMANN    31    Bis 
PARIS. 


French  and  Continental  Books  purchased  at  the  lowest 
terms. 

Order*  carefully  executed  for  out-of-print  and  new  books. 

Binding  for  books  in  constant  use  a  specialty  of  the  firm. 

Estimates  given  on  application  on  all  orders. 

The  "  Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Fran9»ise  "  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  of  second-hand  book- 
dealers  of  every  locality. 


Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 

libraries  offered  en  bloc  before  auction. 
Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Paris  of 

many  libraries,  colleges,  and  universities,  can  furnish 

references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  States. 
Correspondence  and  trial  orders  solicited.    Small  or  large 

shipments  every   week  either  direct  or  through  his 

agent  in  New  York. 


Adhesive  Parchment  Paper 


For  repairing  torn  leaves 
of  Books,  Magazines,  etc. 

Circular  for  Hie  asking. 


"It  Doesn't  Curl." 


"  I  am  glad  to  say  that  your 
Adhesive  Parchment  Paper 
proves  better  for  our  use  than 
anything  we  have  before  tried." 
— E.  W.  MUNDY,  Lib'n  Central 
Library,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


GAUORD  BROS.,   •   Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


"that  if  you 
have  tried  in 


T  WISH  TO  REPEAT, 

vain  to  secure  a  missing  number  or  vol- 
ume of  a  magazine,  if  your  list  has  come 
back  repeatedly,  marked  'O.  P.,'  'can't 
find,'  etc  ,  etc.,  then  the  time  has  arrived 
when  my  services  may  avail." 


A,  S,  CLARK,  Bookseller  and'  Newsdealer, 

.      174  Pulton  Street,  New  York. 


336 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[fune,  '97 


LONDON:  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG:  Hospital  Str.  10.       PARIS:  76  Rue  de  Rennes. 


QUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is   the  only   importer  in   America,  who  employs   no  Agents,   but  has  his  own 
offices  at : 

LONDON:        .      2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 

PARIS:        .        .        .        .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG :        .        .        .        .     Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 

Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 

often  an  extra  discount. 
The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 
As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  Thursdays 

from  Germany"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 

New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 

of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 
Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 

abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 

Librarian. 
Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 

a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 

nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 
VIII.     Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 

of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 

and  by  attending  auction  sales. 
Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 

of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 

volumes. 
Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


II. 
III. 
IV. 

V. 


VI. 


VII. 


IX. 


X. 


XI. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand : 

(The  list  will  be  changed  from  time  to  time.) 


American  Naturalist,  Vol.  1-25.  Philadelphia, 
1868-91.  Bound. 

Annales  des  Sciences  naturelles,  I.  Series  com- 
plete. 33  Vols.  Paris,  1824-33.  Half  calf. 

Annalles  des  Sciences  naturelles:  Zoologie, 
Paleontologie.  Series  II.  to  VII.  complete. 
109  Vols.  Paris,  1834-92.  Half  morocco. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History. 
Complete  Set,  106  Vols.  London,  1838-1889. 
Half  morocco. 

Journal  of  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland.  I.  and  II.  Series.  46 
Vols.  London,  1834-94.  Half  morocco. 

Jahrbiicher  fur  National  Oekonomie  und  Sta- 
tistik.  Complete  Set.  1863-94.  Bound. 


Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science. 

Complete   Set,    37   Vols.      London,    1853-89. 

Half  calf. 
Monthly   Microscopical  Journal.      Complete 

Set,  33  Vols.     London,  1869-92.     Half  calf. 
Jahrbuch  fur  Mineralogie.     Complete  Set,  89 

Vols.     Stuttgart,  1830-91.     Half  calf. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society 

of  London.      Complete  Set,  47  Vols.     Lon- 
don, 1845-91.     Half  morocco. 
Transactions   of   the    Geological    Society   of 

London.     Complete  Set.     London,  1811-56. 

Half  calf. 
Zeitschrift    d.   d.   Morgenland.   Gesellschaft. 

Complete  Set.     Leipzig,  1847-89. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 


GUSTAV  E.   STECHERT,  9  East  i6th  Street,  New  York, 


KAY  PRINTING  House,  66-68  CENTRE  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


THE     LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


JULY,   1897. 


No.  7 


THE  second  Philadelphia  conference  of  the 
American  Library  Association  has  added  an- 
other to  the  list  of  large  and  successful  meet- 
ings that  form  milestones  in  the  history  of  the 
association.  Philadelphia,  the  birthplace  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,  proved  itself  again  one  of  the  most 
hospitable  and  delightful  of  meeting-places  and 
it  was  the  general  sentiment  that  there  had 
never  been  a  conference  at  which  the  local 
arrangements  for  comfort  and  enjoyment  were 
more  wholly  admirable.  The  registered  attend- 
ance of  over  300  was  thoroughly  representative 
and  the  program,  that  at  first  sight  seemed 
overwhelming  in  its  extent,  proved  possible 
of  accomplishment  without  excessive  stress. 
Naturally,  the  anniversary  aspect  of  the  con- 
ference received  considerable  emphasis.  In 
the  president's  address,  in  the  welcome  at  the 
Historical  Society,  and  in  the  speeches  at  the 
public  meeting,  the  progress  of  the  association 
during  its  minority  was  reviewed,  and  in  the 
record  of  the  past  was  found  direct  inspiration 
for  the  future.  There  were  present  a  number 
of  those  who  had  attended  the  first  meeting  of 
the  association,  and  the  links  between  past  and 
present  were  brought  closely  home  to  all  by  the 
election  to  the  offices  of  president  and  secretary 
of  the  same  men  who  held  those  posts  at  the 
beginning,  and  to  whose  energy  and  devotion 
so  much  of  the  first  impulse  of  the  association 
were  due  —  a  choice  that  is  of  special  interest 
and  fitness  as  sending  to  a  second  international 
conference  an  A.  L.  A.  delegation  under  the 
same  leadership  as  was  the  similar  delegation 
to  the  first  international  meeting  held  20  years 
ago.  

v  the  most  Important  business  trans- 
acted at  Philadelphia,  so  far  as  the  general 
policy  of  the  association  is  concerned,  was  the 
amendment  to  the  constitution  proposed  by 
Mr.  Dewey.  This  was  suggested  as  a  means 
of  meeting  the  difficulties  in  the  direction  of 
a  body  of  the  size  to  which  the  A.  L.  A.  has 
attained,  and  at  the  same  time  obviating  any 
necessity  for  a  limitation  of  membership.  It  pro- 
vides for  an  increase  of  the  number  of  council- 
lors at  large  from  20  to  25  and  for  the  rep- 
resentation on  that  council,  in  addition,  of  each 
or  local  library  association  by  one  or 
more  delegates  according  to  the  size  of  the  as- 


sociation. This  would  provide  for  a  directive 
body  thoroughly  representative  of  the  associa- 
tion as  a  whole,  familiar  with  its  needs  —  local 
as  well  as  national  —  and  compact  enough  to  be 
easily  handled.  Such  a  plan,  it  was  pointed 
out,  would  make  it  possible  to  obtain  for  ques- 
tions of  policy  and  administration  a  more 
thorough  and  careful  consideration  than  it  is 
practicable  to  give  them  in  a  crowded  and  busy 
conference,  and  would  be  effective  in  strengthen- 
ing the  organization  of  the  association  and  add- 
ing to  its  working  force.  The  suggestion  is 
an  interesting  one,  which  will  come  up  for  ac- 
tion at  the  next  conference,  and  it  should  have 
the  careful  consideration  of  all  interested  in 
the  future  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  as  indicating  a  line 
of  development  that  would  combine  effective 
organization  with  the  widest  possible  extension 
of  scope  and  membership. 


IN  several  respects  the  conference  set  at 
naught  expectations  and  predictions.  The  mat- 
ter of  the  reincorporation  of  the  association, 
first  presented  at  the  special  meeting  called  in 
New  York  in  February,  and  then  referred  for 
decision  to  the  Philadelphia  conference,  was  a 
subject  on  which  definite  action  was  expected. 
There  seemed  to  be,  however,  a  lack  of  agree- 
ment as  to  its  advisability,  and  its  consideration 
was  indefinitely  postponed  after  the  briefest 
sort  of  discussion.  The  selection  of  Chautau- 
qua  Lake  for  the  place  of  next  meeting  came 
also  as  a  surprise  to  many  who  felt  that  the 
need  of  library  missionary  work  in  the  south 
should  bring  the  A.  L.  A.  to  Atlanta  in  1898. 
The  essential  factor  in  this  decision  was 
undoubtedly  the  conviction,  that  developed 
throughout  the  conference,  that  city  meetings, 
even  when  most  valuable  and  delightful,  tend 
to  lessen  the  effectiveness  of  a  conference  as 
regards  the  freshness  and  energy  with  which 
its  program  is  considered.  There  can  be,  in- 
deed, little  doubt  that  after  three  successive 
years  of  city  conferences  the  change  to  the 
quiet  of  a  summer  resort,  removed  from  the  de- 
lightful distractions  of  city  hospitality,  is 
thoroughly  desirable,  and  it  is  probable  that  the 
refreshment  hoped  for  at  Chautauqua  Lake  In 
'98  will  be  the  best  possible  preparation  for  an 
active  "missionary"  conference  in  '99. 


340 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


THE  appointment  of  the  new  librarian  of 
congress  does  not  come  as  a  surprise  to  those 
familiar  with  the  trend  of  affairs  at  Wash- 
ington within  the  last  few  weeks,  but  it  is  no 
less  a  matter  of  regret  and  discouragement  to 
all  interested  in  the  development  of  what  is  in 
fact,  if  not  in  name,  our  national  library.  The 
tacit  removal  of  the  Library  of  Congress  from 
any  civil  service  restrictions,  which  is  implied 
by  this  appointment,  is  unfortunate  enough  in 
itself,  but  when  to  that  is  added  the  selection  of 
a  librarian  whose  chief  qualification  for  the 
office  seems  to  lie  in  political  preferment,  and 
who  will  act  as  chief  executive  of  the  library 
during  the  most  critical  period  of  its  existence, 
the  situation  becomes  immeasurably  worse.  It 
would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  library  had 
been  turned  over  as  a  fair  field  for  the  spoils- 
men and  that  the  assignment  of  the  large  ad- 
ministrative force  authorized  for  the  new 
building,  on  the  wise  appointment  of  which  the 
future  of  the  library  so  largely  rests,  will  be 
conducted  on  the  principle  of  "patronage," 
not  of  fitness.  In  this  connection  the  appoint- 
ment of  Mr.  Green  as  superintendent  of  the 
library  building  is  especially  welcome.  Long 
intimately  associated  with  the  new  building, 
thoroughly  familiar  with  all  its  details,  and 
animated  by  the  single  purpose  of  adding  to  its 
efficiency  in  every  possible  way,  he  is  undoubt- 
edly the  right  man  in  the  right  place,  and  his 
practical  skill  and  executive  ability  should 
prove  effective  factors  in  the  future  of  the  li- 
brary. Mr.  Spofford's  continued  connection 
with  the  library  with  which  he  has  so  long  been 
identified  is  fitting,  and  he  is  to  be  congratu- 
lated on  laying  down  the  extra  burdens  that  have 
long  overtaxed  his  energies.  For  the  rest,  the 
library  profession  can  but  trust  that  affairs  may 
prove  less  unpromising  than  now  seems  the 
case,  and  reserve  judgment  until  it  can  be 
based  definitely  upon  results. 


FROM  the  seamy  side  of  library  matters  at 
Washington  it  is  a  relief  to  turn  to  a  pleasanter 
aspect  of  the  same  subject,  and  to  note  the 
hearty  recognition  accorded  by  the  Philadel- 
phia conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.  to  the  admira- 
ble work  done  by  the  superintendent  of  docu- 
ments and  his  staff  in  bringing  order  out  of 
the  chaos  of  government  publications.  Such 
strides  forward  in  the  organization  and  catalog- 
ing of  public  documents  have  been  made  since 
the  passage  of  the  act  of  1895,  of  which  Super- 


intendent Crandall's  document  index  for  the 
first  session  of  the  54th  congress  is  the  latest 
evidence,  that  the  library  profession  was  gen- 
erally concerned  over  the  rumors,  started  soon 
after  the  accession  of  the  new  administration, 
of  the  removal  of  that  capable  officer.  There 
are  in  most  of  the  government  departments 
positions,  as  those  of  heads  of  bureaus,  in  which, 
though  the  officer  is  subject  to  removal  by  each 
incoming  administration,  a  capable  public  serv- 
ant is  usually  retained  because  in  such  places 
the  need  of  experience  and  training  is  unani- 
mously recognized.  The  office  of  superintend- 
ent of  documents,  which  is  practically  the  head 
of  a  bureau  under  the  public  printer,  is  pecul- 
iarly one  of  this  sort,  and  so  long  as  that  office 
has  a  capable  and  enterprising  head  the  country 
will  be  the  gainer  by  keeping  that  particular 
head  in  office.  When  it  was  learned  that  Mr. 
Crandall  was  in  danger  of  removal,  there  was  a 
marked  expression  of  sentiment  on  the  part  of 
librarians  in  his  behalf,  and  it  is  gratifying  to 
note  that  this  action  has  been  effective,  or  that 
the  removal  was  not  contemplated,  and  that  we 
still  have  at  the  head  of  this  important  office  a 
man  who  has  so  thoroughly  proved  his  fitness 
for  the  place. 


Communications. 


A  SUGGESTION  FOR  CHARGING  SYSTEMS. 

IN  Mr.  Pennock's  description  of  the  Browne 
charging  system  in  the  June  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
he  mentions  as  its  greatest  fault  that  "in  busy 
times  it  is  easy  for  the  person  discharging  to 
take  from  the  case  the  wrong  book-card  and 
put  it  into  the  pocket  of  the  book  to  be  dis- 
charged." 

This  would  be  a  serious  objection  to  any  sys- 
tem, and  it  is  a  common  cause  of  trouble,  I 
suspect,  in  every  system  using  a  book's  card 
and  a  pocket  in  the  book  to  keep  it  in. 

A  remedy  is  to  put  the  accession  number  of  the 
book  in  red  ink  on  the  right  hand  upper  corner 
of  the  book's  card  and  on  the  corresponding 
corner  of  the  book's  pocket.  The  two  red  ink 
entries  should  be  visible  side  by  side  as  the 
charge  card  rests  in  its  receptacle  in  the  book. 

This  will  prove  most  useful  at  all  times.  It 
is  an  unerring  identification  of  the  book's  most 
important  member.  I  should  think  it  would  be 
indispensable  where  there  are  several  copies  of 
the  same  book  in  the  library.  The  act  of  noticing 
the  second  identification  while  discharging  a 
book  will  soon  become  habitual,  but  none  the 
less  decisive. 

CHARLES  WESLEY  SMITH. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  \ 
Seattle,  Wash,    f 


,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


34i 


THE   PUBLIC   SCHOOL  AND   THE   PUBLIC    LIBRARY. 
BY  AUG.  F.  FOERSTE,  High  School,  Dayton,  0. 


WHAT  can  the  public  library  do  for  the  pub- 
lic school  ?  We,  in  the  teaching  profession,  do 
not  need  to  learn  this. 

What  can  be  done  to  make  the  public  school 
use  the  library?  Ah  !  That  is  another  ques- 
tion. And  alas,  what  answer  shall  we  give  ? 
I  believe  it  all  depends  upon  the  teacher.  If 
his  teaching  is  a  living  thing  to  him  and  his 
pupils  they  will  want  to  know  much  not  taught 
in  the  class-room  ;  they  will  wish  to  widen  their 
horizon,  where  interest  leads  the  way.  If  the 
work  of  the  teacher  is  perfunctory,  rules  and 
regulations  may  oblige  the  pupil  to  make  use 
of  the  library,  but  the  pupil  would  be  better  off 
if  he  remained  at  home  and  did  not  learn  to 
consider  the  public  library  his  enemy. 

Given,  however,  the  inspiring  teacher  and 
the  willing  pupil,  what  can  the  library  do  for 
the  pupil  and  what  can  be  done  to  insure  the 
ability  of  the  pupil  to  find  his  material  readily  ? 
What  can  the  library  do  towards  the  general 
enlightment  and  culture  of  the  boy  or  girl  of 
school  age?  Will  you  permit  me  to  answer  this 
question  by  telling  some  of  the  things  which 
we  are  doing  at  Dayton,  Ohio?  The  ideas  are 
not  new,  but  it  may  be  an  inspiration  to  some 
to  learn  what  has  been  done  in  a  city  not  of 
large  size. 

THK    PUBLIC    MUSKCM. 

A  museum  occupies   the  upper  floor  of  the 

library  building.      It  is  especially  rich  in  the 

•us   departments   of    natural    history   and 

science  :   alcoholic  specimens  of   animals  from 

.i-shorc,  and  of   fish  ;   shells,  butterflies, 
stuffed    animals   and   birds  ;  skeletons   of    the 

representatives  of  the  vertebrate  animals, 
models  showing  the  development  of  animals 
from  the  nucleus  to  the  adult ;  fossils,  dried 
ts,  and  numerous  photographs  of  botanical 
specimens ;  also  decorative  marbles  and  other 
rocks,  showy  minerals  ;  a  very  interesting  coin 
collection,  numerous  Indian  antiquities,  ethno- 
logical specimens  from  all  parts  of  the  world, 

nd  rare  books,  and  curious  weapons  of 
war. 
The  museum  is  almost  entirely  the  contribu- 

f  the  citizens.     When  it  was  begun  the 
existence  of  so  much  material  in  the  city  was 

opened  by  the  best-informed.     Its  subse- 
quent growth  has  been  a  surprise  to  all  r»n- 

!.     Thr   janitor   in  charge  of  the   public 
library   takes  care  of  the  museum.      Several 


volunteers  of  special  ability  arrange  the  exhib- 
its. The  museum  is  open  free  to  all,  on  Tues- 
day, Thursday,  and  Saturday  of  each  week  from 
I  to  5  o'clock.  It  is  under  the  auspices  of  the 
library  board,  which  expends  a  portion  of  its 
funds  for  the  maintenance  and  improvement  of 
this  part  of  its  work.  Dr.  Conklin,  a  member 
of  the  library  board,  has  been  one  of  the  chief 
supporters  of  the  museum  movement. 

It  soon  occurred  to  the  teachers  of  the  com- 
mon schools  that  the  museum  contained  much 
material  illustrative  of  facts  mentioned  in  school 
readers  and  geographies.  The  products,  mode 
of  life,  and  sometimes  even  the  dress  of  distant 
countries  were  illustrated  by  articles  gathered 
here.  The  more  enthusiastic  teachers  carefully 
searched  the  museum  for  material  of  service  to 
them  and  their  work,  and  brought  their  pupils 
after  school  hours  for  a  half  hour's  ramble 
among  these  interesting  treasures. 

On  Saturdays  the  children  of  the  common 
schools  come  in  crowds,  full  of  questions  for 
the  obliging  attendant  regarding  objects  which 
strike  their  attention.  The  collections  of  ani- 
mals, birds,  butterflies,  shells,  plants,  and  fos- 
sils are  a  revelation  to  many  who  do  not  often 
see  the  country,  and  it  stimulates  their  love  for 
and  interest  in  nature  to  a  marked  degree.  No 
collection  in  a  school-room  can,  at  a  glance,  re- 
veal to  a  pupil  the  wonderful  abundance  'and 
variety  of  the  outdoor  life  in  his  immediate 
vicinity  as  does  the  public  museum,  with  its 
shelves  loaded  with  choice  treasures. 

There  is  a  legitimate  connection  between  the 
public  school,  the  public  library,  and  the  public 
museum. 

THI   DISTRICT  SCHOOL-ROOM   LIBRARY. 

The  public  library  has  recently  purchased 
over  2000  books  covering  all  departments  of 
general  literature,  history,  travel,  and  science. 
The  selection  was  made  with  special  reference 
to  their  use  by  children  in  the  various  grades 
of  the  district  schools.  These  books  are  not 
included  in  the  general  circulation  of  the  library. 
Each  school-room  in  the  city,  containing  chil- 
dren above  the  lowest  three,  the  primary 
grades,  is  supplied  with  a  list  of  books  whose 
number  is  half  that  of  the  scholars  present  in 
the  room.  As  soon  as  finances  will  per  mi: 
numl>cr  will,  of  course,  be  increased,  until  it  at 
least  equals  that  of  the  children  in  the  room. 


342 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


The  selection  for  each  room  is  made  by  the 
teacher  of  that  room,  at  the  library,  under  the 
guidance  of  the  librarian,  if  desired.  The 
books  are  placed  in  a  small  bookcase  with 
wooden  doors,  so  that  the  case,  when  closed, 
will  not  require  delicate  handling,  and  the  books 
are  then  conveyed  by  the  library  to  the  district 
school-room  for  which  they  have  been  selected. 

The  teacher  is  accredited  by  the  library  with 
every  book  chosen.  The  pupils  are  accredited 
by  the  teacher  with  each  book  taken  home. 
Books  may  be  retained  by  pupils  for  10  days. 
If  a  part  of  the  books  are  found  not  suitable,  or 
not  interesting  for  the  children  of  any  grade, 
the  teacher  may  return  them  at  any  time,  and 
secure,  in  exchange,  others  more  suitable.  No 
books  be  may  retained  in  any  school-room  longer 
than  90  days.  This  makes  it  possible  to  secure 
a  greater  variety  of  books  during  the  year  for 
the  different  school-rooms  than  is  possible  if 
the  limited  number  of  books  selected  for  each 
grade  were  retained  during  the  entire  year. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  books  are  intended 
for  home  reading  and  have  no  special  reference 
to  school-work.  The  intention  is  not  to  sup- 
plement the  instruction  given  by  the  teacher, 
but  to  cultivate  a  taste  for  good,  healthful,  and 
useful  literature,  to  supplant  the  unwholesome 
novel,  and  other  literature  of  many  homes,  to 
give  higher  ideals  of  life,  to  arouse  interest  in 
nature,  to  give  opportunity  for  the  development 
of  early  scientific  and  mechanical  genius.  Since 
these  notes  were  written,  the  excellent  article 
on  "School  libraries,"  by  Miss  Doren,  published 
in  the  April  number  of  this  JOURNAL,  has  ap- 
peared. The  spirit  of  this  article  is  reflected  in 
the  management  of  the  district  school  libraries 
and  accounts  for  the  loyal  support  given  by  the 
teachers  to  this  new  departure. 

What  shall  be  done  with  the  books  of  the 
school-room  libraries  during  the  summer 
months  ? — during  the  three  months  when  there 
is  no  school  ?  Shall  they  remain  idle  or  con- 
tinue their  mission  among  the  youth  of  our 
city?  The  Public  Library  intends  to  answer 
this  question  by  collecting  all  the  district  school 
library  books,  placing  them  in  some  convenient 
room  in  the  library  building,  and  devoting  this 
room  to  the  use  of  children.  If  desired  the 
books  may  be  taken  home.  In  the  fall  they 
will  be  returned  to  the  school-rooms. 

THE   BOY'S   CORNER. 

The  library  has  started  but  not  developed  the 
Boy's  Corner.  The  idea  is  a  good  one,  but  to 


be  a  success  it  should  be  located  in  a  room  away 
from  the  disturbing  influence  of  persons  going 
and  coming  for  the  exchange  of  books,  reading 
newspapers,  and  other  purposes.  It  should  be 
in  the  charge  of  a  regular  attendant.  The 
Boy's  Corner  is  a  good  place  for  a  rainy  or  idle 
day.  Here  the  duplicate  copies  of  magazines, 
bound  or  otherwise,  should  be  freely  accessible. 
It  is  a  good  place  for  looking  at  illustrations,  in 
all  sorts  of  books,  glancing  hurriedly  at  the 
text  when  anything  strikes  the  attention. 
Several  copies  of  the  5/.  Nicholas,  Youth*  s  Com- 
panion, and  kindred  periodicals  should  be  found 
here.  The  attendant  should  understand  chil- 
dren as  well  as  books.  Why  not  also  a  Girl's 
Corner? 

THE   TOPICAL   LIBRARY   IN   THE   HIGH   SCHOOL 
ROOM. 

For  a  number  of  years  high  school  teachers 
have  been  permitted  to  draw  from  the  library  10 
books  connected  with  their  school-work,  and 
to  retain  them  for  a  month.  These  books  are 
placed  upon  the  teacher's  desk  in  the  school- 
room ;  they  may  be  read  during  the  vacant 
periods  by  any  pupils,  and  under  certain  re- 
strictions may  be  taken  home  for  a  limited 
time,  the  teacher  remaining  responsible  for  the 
book.  The  books  are  replaced  from  month  to 
month,  so  as  to  correspond  with  the  character 
of  the  work  carried  on  in  each  department. 
Some  of  the  teachers  still  retain  this  practice, 
believing  that  a  book  at  the  teacher's  desk  is 
more  likely  to  be  consulted  than  one  at  the  li- 
brary, several  squares  away. 

THE  TEACHER'S  SHELF  AT  THE  LIBRARY. 

During  the  present  year  each  teacher  of  the 
high  school  has  been  granted  the  privilege  of 
having  one  or  two  shelves  at  the  library  build- 
ing reserved  for  the  special  use  of  his  pupils. 
These  shelves  are  accessible  to  scholars  without 
seeking  permission.  The  teacher  selects  any 
books  considered  desirable  for  use  by  the  pupils. 
Sometimes  nearly  50  books  are  upon  the  shelf 
of  a  teacher  at  the  same  time.  The  selection 
is  usually  based  upon  the  immediate  work  of 
the  class,  and  is  explanatory  of  some  special 
topic. 

Pupils  are  expected  to  read  only  those  por- 
tions of  the  books  bearing  upon  the  subject 
under  investigation.  They  are  supplied  with 
references  indicating  for  each  book  the  page 
and  chapter  of  special  interest. 

Since  the  high  school  is  run  upon  the  one- 
session  plan,  and  is  dismissed  at  one  o'clock,  a 


*  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


343 


large  part  of  the  afternoon  is  free  for  such 
work. 

The  teacher's  shelf  at  the  library  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  permitting  the  use  of  a  much  larger 
number  of  books,  especially  of  books  which 
are  heavy  and  unwieldy.  The  use  of  periodi- 
cal literature,  the  bound  and  unbound  copies  of 
the  magazines  for  many  years,  of  encyclo- 
paedias and  other  works  of  reference,  is  also 
more  readily  obtained  by  this  plan. 

It  is  believed  that  the  teacher's  shelf  should 
be  made  a  special  department  of  the  library 
work,  and  a  room  should  be  provided  for  this 
purpose,  capable  of  seating  at  least  100  pupils. 
In  a  library  of  moderate  size  it  might  be  under 
the  supervision  of  only  a  single  attendant. 

TOHCAL   SELECTION  OF   BOOKS. 

The  subjects  of  Civics,  History,  English  lit- 
erature, and  Botany  are  especially  rich  in  ma- 
terials for  topical  study  at  the  library.  This 
may  be  illustrated  by  the  following  scheme, 
hurriedly  drawn  up  at  my  request  by  Mr.  E.  G. 
Humphrey,  teacher  of  history: 

TOPICAL  STUDY   OK   HISTORY. 
•  neral  history. 

1.  Geography.  —  Extracts  selected  from  books 

of  travel  describing  natural 
features  of  the  countries. 

2.  General  view.  —  "  Story  of  the  Nations  ser- 

ies" and  histories  written 
for  the  Chautauqua  course. 

3.  Biography.  —  Interesting  lives  of  the  rep- 

resentative men  of  the  na- 
tion under  consideration. 

4.  Customs.  — Standard  work  of  fiction,  where 

there  is  one  for  that  country 
and  period.  Extracts  from 
good  historians. 

5.  Events. — Graphic  accounts  of   important 

events  selected  from  his- 
tory, fiction,  and  drama. 
Poems  commemorating  im- 
portant events. 

f>.  Progress.  —  Books  of  travel  by  which  to 
discover  present  conditions 
and  compare  with  earlier 
conditions  of  society. 

itttdy  of  one  nation. 

Practically  the  same  method  as  is  indicated 
above,  carried  out  into  details. 

The  history  divided  into  periods;  periods  ex- 
amined with  reference  to  — 
a  — Internal  affairs  of  the  nation  itself. 


b  —  Contemporaneous  history  as  affecting 
the  nation  under  study. 

TOPICAL  STUDY   OF  LITERATURE. 

In  the  line  of  English  literature  the  selections 
made  for  the  teacher's  shelf  include  all  the  lives 
of  the  author,  all  biographical  studies  in  maga- 
zines and  elsewhere,  all  critical  reviews,  any 
information  of  interest  in  connection  with  the 
special  work  under  investigation  ;  books  of 
travel,  where  explanatory  of  the  setting  of  a 
drama,  novel,  or  poem. 

TOPICAL  CARD  CATALOGS. 

A  topical  card  catalog  is  an  index  to  the  wealth 
of  the  library  in  books  referring  to  the  same 
subject.  If  students  are  expected  to  use  the 
library  there  must  be  books  to  use,  and  there 
must  be  enough  books  to  enable  many  students 
to  utilize  the  library  at  the  same  time.  This 
does  not  necessarily  imply  a  great  duplication 
of  books. 

Most  libraries  which  have  been  in  existence 
25  years  have  an  accumulation  of  magazines 
which  rarely  do  full  duty  when  once  bound. 
"  Poole's  index"  and  other  indexes  give  only 
the  titles  of  articles,  often  not  suggestive  of  the 
subjects  discussed  within.  To  index  this  materi- 
al thoroughly  must  be  the  work  of  the  teacher  in 
each  department.  An  index  once  made  should 
be  preserved  for  future  use.  What  better  form 
of  preservation  than  a  carefully-prepared  card 
catalog,  deposited  in  the  library  ? 

The  same  need  of  a  topical  index  applies  also 
to  the  books,  even  to  the  technical  ones.  Titles 
are  often  not  suggestive  of  the  material  within. 
There  should  be  a  card  catalog.  Students 
should  not  be  asked  to  look  up  information  un- 
guided.  Work  of  more  value  than  the  unas- 
sisted hunting  for  possible  information  should 
be  required  of  them. 

Believing  thoroughly  in  the  need  of  a  card 
catalog  for  the  guidance  of  pupils,  the  writer 
has  prepared  such  an  index  for  the  students  of 
botany.  It  includes  references  to  all  technical 
books  on  botany,  to  popular  writings  on  this 
subject,  to  encyclopedias,  to  books  of  travel,  to 
works  on  general  nature  study,  to  magazine 
articles,  and  to  works  on  bees,  butterflies,  ami 
other  insects  whose  frequent  visits  to  flowers 
make  their  habits  and  structure  of  interest  also 
to  the  general  botanist. 

It  may  be  encouraging  to  those  living  in 
towns  having  libraries  not  of  the  largest  size, 
to  learn  that  the  subjects  of  interest  to  children, 
and  especially  suitable  for  investigation,  are 


342 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


The  selection  for  each  room  is  made  by  the 
teacher  of  that  room,  at  the  library,  under  the 
guidance  of  the  librarian,  if  desired.  The 
books  are  placed  in  a  small  bookcase  with 
wooden  doors,  so  that  the  case,  when  closed, 
will  not  require  delicate  handling,  and  the  books 
are  then  conveyed  by  the  library  to  the  district 
school-room  for  which  they  have  been  selected. 

The  teacher  is  accredited  by  the  library  with 
every  book  chosen.  The  pupils  are  accredited 
by  the  teacher  with  each  book  taken  home. 
Books  may  be  retained  by  pupils  for  10  days. 
If  a  part  of  the  books  are  found  not  suitable,  or 
not  interesting  for  the  children  of  any  grade, 
the  teacher  may  return  them  at  any  time,  and 
secure,  in  exchange,  others  more  suitable.  No 
books  be  may  retained  in  any  school-room  longer 
than  90  days.  This  makes  it  possible  to  secure 
a  greater  variety  of  books  during  the  year  for 
the  different  school-rooms  than  is  possible  if 
the  limited  number  of  books  selected  for  each 
grade  were  retained  during  the  entire  year. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  books  are  intended 
for  home  reading  and  have  no  special  reference 
to  school-work.  The  intention  is  not  to  sup- 
plement the  instruction  given  by  the  teacher, 
but  to  cultivate  a  taste  for  good,  healthful,  and 
useful  literature,  to  supplant  the  unwholesome 
novel,  and  other  literature  of  many  homes,  to 
give  higher  ideals  of  life,  to  arouse  interest  in 
nature,  to  give  opportunity  for  the  development 
of  early  scientific  and  mechanical  genius.  Since 
these  notes  were  written,  the  excellent  article 
on  "School  libraries,"  by  Miss  Doren,  published 
in  the  April  number  of  this  JOURNAL,  has  ap- 
peared. The  spirit  of  this  article  is  reflected  in 
the  management  of  the  district  school  libraries 
and  accounts  for  the  loyal  support  given  by  the 
teachers  to  this  new  departure. 

What  shall  be  done  with  the  books  of  the 
school-room  libraries  during  the  summer 
months  ? — during  the  three  months  when  there 
is  no  school  ?  Shall  they  remain  idle  or  con- 
tinue their  mission  among  the  youth  of  our 
city?  The  Public  Library  intends  to  answer 
this  question  by  collecting  all  the  district  school 
library  books,  placing  them  in  some  convenient 
room  in  the  library  building,  and  devoting  this 
room  to  the  use  of  children.  If  desired  the 
books  may  be  taken  home.  In  the  fall  they 
will  be  returned  to  the  school-rooms. 

THE   BOY'S   CORNER. 

The  library  has  started  but  not  developed  the 
Boy's  Corner.  The  idea  is  a  good  one,  but  to 


be  a  success  it  should  be  located  in  a  room  away 
from  the  disturbing  influence  of  persons  going 
and  coming  for  the  exchange  of  books,  reading 
newspapers,  and  other  purposes.  It  should  be 
in  the  charge  of  a  regular  attendant.  The 
Boy's  Corner  is  a  good  place  for  a  rainy  or  idle 
day.  Here  the  duplicate  copies  of  magazines, 
bound  or  otherwise,  should  be  freely  accessible. 
It  is  a  good  place  for  looking  at  illustrations,  in 
all  sorts  of  books,  glancing  hurriedly  at  the 
text  when  anything  strikes  the  attention. 
Several  copies  of  the  St.  Nicholas,  Youth's  Com- 
panion, and  kindred  periodicals  should  be  found 
here.  The  attendant  should  understand  chil- 
dren as  well  as  books.  Why  not  also  a  Girl's 
Corner  ? 

THE   TOPICAL   LIBRARY   IN   THE   HIGH   SCHOOL 
ROOM. 

For  a  number  of  years  high  school  teachers 
have  been  permitted  to  draw  from  the  library  10 
books  connected  with  their  school-work,  and 
to  retain  them  for  a  month.  These  books  are 
placed  upon  the  teacher's  desk  in  the  school- 
room ;  they  may  be  read  during  the  vacant 
periods  by  any  pupils,  and  under  certain  re- 
strictions may  be  taken  home  for  a  limited 
time,  the  teacher  remaining  responsible  for  the 
book.  The  books  are  replaced  from  month  to 
month,  so  as  to  correspond  with  the  character 
of  the  work  carried  on  in  each  department. 
Some  of  the  teachers  still  retain  this  practice, 
believing  that  a  book  at  the  teacher's  desk  is 
more  likely  to  be  consulted  than  one  at  the  li- 
brary, several  squares  away. 

THE  TEACHER'S  SHELF  AT  THE  LIBRARY. 

During  the  present  year  each  teacher  of  the 
high  school  has  been  granted  the  privilege  of 
having  one  or  two  shelves  at  the  library  build- 
ing reserved  for  the  special  use  of  his  pupils. 
These  shelves  are  accessible  to  scholars  without 
seeking  permission.  The  teacher  selects  any 
books  considered  desirable  for  use  by  the  pupils. 
Sometimes  nearly  50  books  are  upon  the  shelf 
of  a  teacher  at  the  same  time.  The  selection 
is  usually  based  upon  the  immediate  work  of 
the  class,  and  is  explanatory  of  some  special 
topic. 

Pupils  are  expected  to  read  only  those  por- 
tions of  the  books  bearing  upon  the  subject 
under  investigation.  They  are  supplied  with 
references  indicating  for  each  book  the  page 
and  chapter  of  special  interest. 

Since  the  high  school  is  run  upon  the  one- 
session  plan,  and  is  dismissed  at  one  o'clock,  a 


>  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


343 


large  part  of  the  afternoon  is  free  for  such 
work. 

The  teacher's  shelf  at  the  library  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  permitting  the  use  of  a  much  larger 
number  of  books,  especially  of  books  which 
are  heavy  and  unwieldy.  The  use  of  periodi- 
cal literature,  the  bound  and  unbound  copies  of 
the  magazines  for  many  years,  of  encyclo- 
paedias and  other  works  of  reference,  is  also 
more  readily  obtained  by  this  plan. 

It  is  believed  that  the  teacher's  shelf  should 
be  made  a  special  department  of  the  library 
work,  and  a  room  should  be  provided  for  this 
purpose,  capable  of  seating  at  least  100  pupils. 
In  a  library  of  moderate  size  it  might  be  under 
the  supervision  of  only  a  single  attendant. 

TOPICAL   SELECTION   OF   BOOKS. 

The  subjects  of  Civics,  History,  English  lit- 
erature, and  Botany  are  especially  rich  in  ma- 
terials for  topical  study  at  the  library.  This 
may  be  illustrated  by  the  following  scheme, 
hurriedly  drawn  up  at  my  request  by  Mr.  E.  G. 
Pumphrey,  teacher  of  history: 

TOPICAL  STUDY  OF   HISTORY. 

A.  General  history, 

1.  Geography.  —  Extracts  selected  from  books 

of  travel  describing  natural 
features  of  the  countries. 

2.  General  view.  —  "  Story  of  the  Nations  ser- 

ies" and  histories  written 
for  the  Chautauqua  course. 

3.  Biography.  —  Interesting  lives  of  the  rep- 

resentative men  of  the  na- 
tion under  consideration. 

4.  Customs.  — Standard  work  of  fiction,  where 

there  is  one  for  that  country 
and  period.  Extracts  from 
good  historians. 

5.  Events.  —  Graphic  accounts  of   important 

events  selected  from  his- 
tory, fiction,  and  drama. 
Poems  commemorating  im- 
portant events. 

6.  Progress.  —  Books  of  travel  by  which  to 

discover  present  conditions 
and  compare  with  earlier 
conditions  of  society. 

B.  Special  study  of  one  nation. 

Practically  the  same  method  as  is  indicated 
above,  carried  out  into  details. 

The  history  divided  into  periods;  periods  ex- 
amined with  reference  to  — 

a  —  Internal  affairs  of  the  nation  itself. 


b — Contemporaneous  history  as  affecting 
the  nation  under  study. 

TOPICAL  STUDY   OF  LITERATURE. 

In  the  line  of  English  literature  the  selections 
made  for  the  teacher's  shelf  include  all  the  lives 
of  the  author,  all  biographical  studies  in  maga- 
zines and  elsewhere,  all  critical  reviews,  any 
information  of  interest  in  connection  with  the 
special  work  under  investigation ;  books  of 
travel,  where  explanatory  of  the  setting  of  a 
drama,  novel,  or  poem. 

TOPICAL  CARD  CATALOGS. 

A  topical  card  catalog  is  an  index  to  the  wealth 
of  the  library  in  books  referring  to  the  same 
subject.  If  students  are  expected  to  use  the 
library  there  must  be  books  to  use,  and  there 
must  be  enough  books  to  enable  many  students 
to  utilize  the  library  at  the  same  time.  This 
does  not  necessarily  imply  a  great  duplication 
of  books. 

Most  libraries  which  have  been  in  existence 
25  years  have  an  accumulation  of  magazines 
which  rarely  do  full  duty  when  once  bound. 
"  Poole's  index"  and  other  indexes  give  only 
the  titles  of  articles,  often  not  suggestive  of  the 
subjects  discussed  within.  To  index  this  materi- 
al thoroughly  must  be  the  work  of  the  teacher  in 
each  department.  An  index  once  made  should 
be  preserved  for  future  use.  What  better  form 
of  preservation  than  a  carefully-prepared  card 
catalog,  deposited  in  the  library  ? 

The  same  need  of  a  topical  index  applies  also 
to  the  books,  even  to  the  technical  ones.  Titles 
are  often  not  suggestive  of  the  material  within. 
There  should  be  a  card  catalog.  Students 
should  not  be  asked  to  look  up  information  un- 
guided.  Work  of  more  value  than  the  unas- 
sisted hunting  for  possible  information  should 
be  required  of  them. 

Believing  thoroughly  in  the  need  of  a  card 
catalog  for  the  guidance  of  pupils,  the  writer 
has  prepared  such  an  index  for  the  students  of 
botany.  It  includes  references  to  all  technical 
books  on  botany,  to  popular  writings  on  this 
subject,  to  encyclopaedias,  to  books  of  travel,  to 
works  on  general  nature  study,  to  magazine 
articles,  and  to  works  on  bees,  butterflies,  and 
other  insects  whose  frequent  visits  to  flowers 
make  their  habits  and  structure  of  interest  also 
to  the  general  botanist. 

It  may  be  encouraging  to  those  living  in 
towns  having  libraries  not  of  the  largest  size, 
to  learn  that  the  subjects  of  interest  to  children, 
and  especially  suitable  for  investigation,  are 


344 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


most  frequently  discussed  in  a  popular,  attrac- 
tive way,  and  are  most  frequently  illustrated  in 
the  popular  magazines  and  in  the  less  technical 
journals,  the  Popular  Science  Monthly  and  the 
American  Naturalist. 

The  following  subjects  belong  to  this  list : 
Plant  enemies  and  protective  agencies  in  plants; 
insectivorous,  pitcher,  and  parasitic  plants  ;  the 
sleep  of  cotyledons,  leaves,  and  flowers  ;  other 
motions  of  plant  organs  and  their  purpose  ;  the 
folk-lore  of  plants. 

In  some  cases  the  information  was  so  abun- 
dant as  to  require  sub-headings  ;  for  instance  : 

The  dissemination  of  seeds  : 

Self-burial  of  seed-pods  and  seeds. 

Seeds  projected  to  a  distance  by  pods. 

Creeping  seeds. 

Sticky  seeds,  covered  with  mucilage. 

Seeds  carried  by  birds. 

By  animals. 

By  wind. 

Seeds  rolled  by  the  wind. 

Tumble  -weeds. 

Seeds  which  mimic  animals. 

Protective  agencies  in  seeds. 

Cross-fertilization  : 
Self-fertilization. 
Wind-fertilization. 
Attractions  for  insects. 

Color ;    compound    flowers  ;     inflores- 
cences. 

Odor  ;  nocturnal  flowers. 
Nectar  ;  nectaries. 


Stamens  of  different  lengths. 

Humming-birds. 

Flowers  as  insect  traps. 

Bees  perforating  corollas. 

Mouth  parts  of  insects  which  visit  flowers. 

Protective  agencies  in  flowers. 

Shelter  against  rain  and  dew  ;  closing  in 

bad  weather. 
Prepotency  of  pollen. 
Movements  of  stamens  and  styles. 
The  more  technical  information  is  provided 
for  in  a  similar  manner. 

THE   DUTY   OF  THE  TEACHER. 

The  duty  of  the  teacher  to  the  library  cannot 
be  too  strongly  urged.  No  one  knows  better 
than  the  teacher  what  books  are  most  in  range 
of  children's  intellects  ;  no  one  is  better  able  to 
recognize  the  value  of  a  book  for  work  or  for 
inspiration.  The  teacher  should  frequent  the 
book-stores,  should  be  familiar  with  the  latest 
publications,  should  be  a  ready  and  cheerful 
helper  to  the  librarian  in  giving  all  possible 
assistance  and  information  belonging  to  his 
craft,  cheerful  even  if  his  suggestions  are  not 
always  followed,  and  ever  mindful  of  his  pupils. 

An  enthusiastic  teacher  is  an  inspiration  for 
all  with  whom  he  conies  in  contact.  When  his 
worth  is  genuine,  his  criticism  mild,  but  his 
helping  hand  ever  ready,  he  will  find  that  the 
most  conservative  library  board  will  melt  before 
the  genial  warmth  of  his  entreaties,  and  the 
librarian  will  welcome  his  ready  assistance. 
How  can  the  pupil  escape  the  infection  ? 


CO-OPERATION    IN    PROVIDENCE   LIBRARIES.* 
BY  W.   E.  FOSTER,  Librarian  Providence  (R.  /.)  Public  Library. 


THE  three  libraries  referred  to  in  the  meas- 
ures here  described  are  the  Providence  Athe- 
naeum (60,000  volumes),  the  Brown  University 
Library  (90,000  volumes),  and  the  Providence 
Public  Library  (80,000  volumes),  representing  a 
total  of  230,000  volumes  in  a  city  of  about  150,- 
ooo  population. 

The  three  libraries  thus  represent  three  well- 
known  types,  which  are  ideally  well  adapted 
for  co-operation  with  each  other,  namely  the 
public  library,  the  shareholders'  library,  and 
the  college  library. 

These  types  are  the  ones  not  infrequently 
met  with  in  communities  of  a  similar  size.  In 


*  Read  at  joint  meeting  of  New  England  library  asso- 
ciations at  Hartford,  Ct,  Feb.  3, 1897. 


one  respect  a  marked  difference  is  to  be  noticed 
between  the  favorable  conditions  existing  in 
Hartford,  where  effective  co-operation  exists, 
and  those  in  Providence.  Instead  of  being  in 
any  instances  under  one  roof  as  in  Hartford, 
the  three  libraries  referred  to  are  all  scattered, 
the  greatest  distance  between  any  two  of  them 
being  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile.  But  in 
all  other  respects  than  this,  the  conditions  for 
co-operation  are  most  favorable,  and  may  be 
considered  under  the  three  following  heads  : 

(i)  Methods  connected  with  accessions  to  the 
libraries  ;  (2)  those  relating  to  their  use  ;  (3) 
those  relating  to  their  cataloging. 

(l)  Methods  connected  with  accessions  to  the 
libraries :  The  fundamental  question  here  is 


»  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


345 


that  of  differentiation  and  co-ordination,  so 
that,  taking  the  community  as  the  unit,  it  shall 
result  that  in  some  one  at  least  of  the  three 
libraries  approximately  everything  required 
shall  be  found.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  this 
ideal  is  never  reached  and  that  even  in  the  case 
of  so  intelligently  elaborate  methods  as  those 
recently  formulated  by  the  Crerar  Library  in 
connection  with  the  other  Chicago  libraries,  the 
result  is  approximate  only.  So  much  the  more, 
consequently,  is  the  necessity  a  binding  one  in 
communities  of  no  greater  size  than  Providence, 
for  the  most  intimate  understanding  among  the 
libraries  in  regard  to  the  purchases  to  be  made. 
Several  practices  have  greatly  furthered  this 
understanding  ;  (i)  a  regular  monthly  meeting 
of  the  librarians  of  the  three  libraries,  giving 
frequent  opportunity  for  comparing  notes  and 
consultation  ;  (2)  the  presence  of  one  and  the 
same  person  on  two  of  the  library  boards  at  the 
same  time,  thus  giving  an  opportunity  for  the 
development  of  each  library's  policy  with  fuller 
knowledge  of  what  is  done  at  the  other  library; 
(3)  frequent  interchange  of  lists  of  accessions 
among  the  different  libraries  as  outlined  below. 

The  discrimination  in  purchasing  referred  to 
includes  not  merely  whole  classes  of  literature 
(the  public-  library,  for  instance,  possessing  an 
exceptional  collection  on  slavery  and  the  rebel- 
lion, which  makes  it  unnecessary  for  the  other 
two  libraries  to  go  beyond  certain  well-defined 
limits  in  this  field,  and  the  Brown  University 
library  in  like  manner  a  collection  of  American 
poetry,  of  which  the  same  is  true),  but  also  in 
the  case  of  individual  works,  particularly  those 
of  great  magnitude  or  expense.  Thus  during 
the  past  year,  by  general  agreement,  to  one  of 
these  libraries  has  fallen  Mr.  Thwaites'  reprint 
of  the  Jesuit  relations,  to  another  the  Jeypore 
Architectural  drawings,  and  to  another  the 
"  Acta  et  decreta"  of  the  Roman  Councils  (the 
possessing  of  all  three  of  these  by  each  one  of 
the  three  libraries  separately  being  out  of  the 
question). 

(2)  Methods  relating  to  the  use  of  the  libra- 
ries:  From  what  has  been  said  under  the  first 
heading,  it  is  plain  that  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciple connected  with  the  accessions  to  the  libra- 
ries is,  that  the  community  is  the  unit  to  be 
kept  in  mind,  rather  than  the  constituency  of 
any  one  of  the  libraries  separately.  To  a  large 
extent  the  same  principle  must  be  recognized  in 
dealing  with  the  use  made  of  the  libraries, 
although  no  one  needs  to  be  told  how  great  are 
the  inherent  difficulties  in  this  field.  The  pub- 


lic library,  of  course,  presents  none  of  these 
difficulties,  since  its  constituency  is  avowedly 
the  whole  community.  The  college  library  also 
presents  only  a  limited  number  of  these  difficul- 
ties, since,  while  the  basis  of  its  circle  of  read- 
ers is  originally  the  body  of  its  under-graduates 
and  the  body  of  its  graduates,  few  college  li- 
braries have  found  it  impossible  to  extend  their 
privileges  to. the  body  of  scholarly  readers  out- 
side those  limits.  But  it  is  in  connection  with 
the  shareholders'  library,  the  very  nature  of 
whose  existence  is  one  of  limitations  and  exclu- 
sion, that  the  very  real  difficulties  are  met  with. 
And  yet,  taking  the  nature  of  its  organization 
into  account,  no  one  of  these  three  libraries  has 
more  completely  responded  to  the  needs  for  co- 
operation in  this  field  than  has  the  Providence 
Athenaeum  —  the  shareholders'  library  in  ques- 
tion. Its  new  constitution,  in  fact,  (revised  dur- 
ing the  past  two  years  and  since  the  measures 
for  co-operation  have  been  under  way),  may  be 
considered  a  triumph  in  its  line,  in  that,  while 
doing  no  injustice  to  the  rights  of  shareholders, 
it  gives  the  maximum  accommodation  possible 
in  connection  with  the  needs  of  non-sharehold- 
ing readers.  One  of  its  provisions  is  that  the 
librarian  ex-officio  of  the  Brown  University  li- 
brary, and  the  librarian  ex-officio  of  the  Provi- 
dence Public  Library  shall  be  considered  share- 
holders of  the  Providence  Athenaeum. 

The  obvious  result  is  that,  from  time  to  time, 
books  which  in  the  judgment  of  the  librarians 
of  these  two  other  libraries  should  be  made  ac- 
cessible to  some  of  their  readers,  are  secured 
for  them,  but  without  the  embarrassment  of 
charging  them  in  the  names  of  these  non-share- 
holding readers.  It  is  needless  to  say  that  this 
privilege  is  one  which  will  never  be  abused, 
and  it  supplies  the  necessary  link  in  the  scheme 
whereby  any  book  really  needed  by  any  reader 
in  the  city  for  scholarly  purposes  can  be  made 
accessible  to  him,  no  matter  in  which  library 
it  belongs. 

(3)  Methods  relating  to  the  cataloging  of  the 
libraries :  The  Monthly  Bulletin  published  by 
one  of  these  libraries  (the  Providence  Public 
Library),  has  seemed  to  offer  a  convenient  me- 
dium for  co-operative  work  in  this  field.  By 
placing  the  initials  A  and  B  (indicating  respec- 
tively Providence  Athenaeum  and  Z7rown  Uni- 
versity library)  against  the  entries  of  such 
works  in  the  Monthly  Bulletin  as  are  also  in 
those  othei  two  libraries,  the  double  purpose  is 
served  of  keeping  the  public  informed  in  which 
or  in  how  many  of  the  libraries  a  given  acces- 


346 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


,  '97 


sion  is  to  be  found,  and  also  of  supplying  to  the 
purchasing  committees  of  the  libraries  them- 
selves the  information  necessary  for  avoiding 
unwelcome  duplications.  A  further  extension 
of  this  same  principle  is  to  be  found  in  the 
nearly  40  pages  of  additions  to  the  other  two 
libraries  printed  in  the  last  Bulletin  of  the  year, 
supplementing  the  entries  in  the  monthly  num- 
bers indicated  by  A  and  B,  and  thus  making  it 
possible  for  the  reader  to  have  between  the 
covers  of  the  Monthly  Bulletin  at  the  end  of  the 
year  a  record  of  all  the  books  added  to  all 
three  of  these  libraries  for  the  period  referred 
to. 

These  three  libraries  have  also  been  in  the 
habit  of  uniting  in  the  publication  of  the  list  of 
their  periodicals,  serials  and  annuals;  but  in 
this  field  it  has  seemed  desirable  to  enlarge  the 
participation  in  the  co-operative  list  so  as  to 
cover  20  libraries  and  reading-rooms  in  all. 
By  including  several  which  are  not  within  the 
city  of  Providence,  such  specialties  are  covered 
as  law,  medicine,  history,  astronomy,  naval 
science,  and  agriculture,  (in  the  form  of  the 
State  Law  Library,  the  Rhode  Island  Medical 
Society  Library,  etc.) 

The  co-operative  list  thus  made  up  comprises 
over  noo  entries,  and  is  of  constant  and 
most  emphatic  service  to  an  extremely  wide 
circle  of  readers  and  students. 

In  this  form  it  will  appear  each  year  in  one 
of  the  numbers  of  the  Monthly  Bulletin, 

Briefly  summarized,  the  Providence  co-opera- 
tive methods  comprise  as  among  the  most  sig- 
nificant features,  the  monthly  meeting  of  libra- 
rians, a  complete  understanding  among  the 
different  library  boards,  and  the  use  of  printer's 
ink  wherever  practicable. 


THE  VALUE  OF  MAPS. 

IN  the  recent  (33d)  report  of  the  Watkinson 
Library,  Mr.  Gay  emphasizes  the  value  of 
maps  in  a  library  and  suggests  that  in  the  de- 
velopment of  a  department  of  history  more 
attention  should  be  paid  to  the  cartographical 
side.  "Old  maps  give  a  most  valuable  object 
lesson.  They  show,  as  is  in  no  other  way  pos- 
sible, political  changes,  economic  conditions  to 
failure  or  success;  why  battles  were  lost  or 
won;  territorial  extension  and  how  growth 
was  helped  or  hindered,  and  better  even  than 
the  printed  book  do  they  reveal  the  ideas  and 
knowledge  which  man  had  of  any  particular 
part  of  the  world  at  a  certain  date."  He 
points  out  that  old  atlases  and  maps  are  being 
rapidly  absorbed  by  the  greater  libraries,  and 
that  a  library  desiring  them  should  not  delay 
if  it  hopes  ever  to  purchase  them. 


CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  AN  INDEX  TO  THE 
LITERATURE  OF  METEOROLOGY.* 

THE  preparation  of  a  general  index  to  the 
literature  of  meteorology  received  the  first 
official  recognition  in  1879,  at  an  international 
conference  of  meteorologists  held  in  Rome. 
The  subject  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the 
conference  by  Dr.  Hellmann,  of  the  Prussian 
Meteorological  Institute  in  Berlin.  A  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  consider  the  matter 
and  report  at  a  meeting  to  be  held  in  Berne 
the  following  year.  The  committee  reported 
in  favor  of  the  preparation  of  national  bibli- 
ographies—  these  to  be  combined  later  into 
a  general  catalog.  Upon  the  adoption  of  this 
report  by  the  conference,  Dr.  Hellmann  immedi- 
ately set  to  work  to  prepare  a  bibliography  of 
Germany's  contributions  to  the  literature  of  me- 
teorology and  terrestrial  magnetism.  In  1883 
the  work  was  completed  by  the  publication  of 
his  "  Repertorium  der  Deutschen  Meteorolo- 
gie." 

This  was  the  first  and  only  one  of  the  nation- 
al bibliographies  to  reach  the  stage  of  printing. 
In  1881  Gen.  Hazen,  then  chief  signal  officer 
of  the  army  and  director  of  the  national  bu- 
reau, undertook  to  combine  the  then  existing 
card  catalogs  of  meteorology,  to  add  to  this 
collection  by  special  research,  and  to  print  the 
general  catalog  at  government  expense.  As 
soon  as  this  became  known,  efforts  to  prepare 
national  bibliographies  ceased  and  all  combined 
to  aid  Gen.  Hazen  in  his  undertaking.  Mr. 
G.  J.  Symons,  of  London,  contributed  nearly 
20,000  titles,  Prof.  Abbe  turned  over  to  the  bu- 
reau the  titles  extracted  from  the  Royal  Society's 
"  Catalogue  of  scientific  papers"  —  about  12,000 
in  number.  These  two  collections  formed  the 
basis  of  what  is  at  present  a  card  catalog  of 
about  75,000  titles  of  books,  pamphlets,  and 
articles  in  serial  publications  relating  to  me- 
teorology. All  available  sources  were  searched 
for  additional  titles  by  the  bibliographers  in 
charge  of  the  work  —  Mr.  C.  J.  Sawyer,  now  of 
New  York,  and  Mr.  O.  L.  Fassig,  of  the  U.  S. 
Weather  Bureau  —  and  the  catalog  was  classified 
and  prepared  for  the  printer  by  the  close  of  the 
year  1887.  Having  failed  in  his  efforts  to  secure 
the  necessary  appropriation  for  printing,  the 
chief  signal  officer  and  later  chief  of  the  Weather 
Bureau  continued  to  have  material  collected 
until  the  catalog  was  brought  down  to  the  close 
of  the  year  1892,  when  the  work  of  collection 
ceased.  In  1889  to  1891  four  parts  of  the  cata- 
log were  issued  under  the  direction  of  Gen. 
Greely,  chief  signal  officer,  but  only  a  few 
copies  —  about  250  of  parts  I  and  2  (litho- 
graphed) and  about  150  of  parts  3  and  4  (mil- 
leographed)  —  were  issued.  Part  i  comprises 
the  titles  relating  to  Temperature  ;  Part  2, 
Moisture  (Rainfall  and  related  phenomena); 
Part  3,  Winds;  Part  4,  Storms. 

The  card  catalog  is  at  present  in  the  library 
of  the  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau  in  Washington. 
The  prospects  for  having  it  brought  down  to 
date  and  printed  are  not  hopeful. 


*  Abstract  of  a  paper  by  p.  L.  Fassig,  read  before  the 
Library  Association  of  Washington  City,  May  26. 


>  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


347 


There  are  but  few  additional  contributions  of 
note  to  the  bibliography  of  meteorology.  The 
catalog  of  the  library  of  the  Hamburg  Naval 
Observatory,  published  in  1890,  contains  about 
10,000  titles  of  works  mostly  meteorological. 
There  is  another  catalog,  somewhat  smaller, 
though  still  important  —  that  of  the  Royal  Me- 
teorological Society  of  London,  issued  about 
1890. 

In  the  report  of  the  Chicago  Meteorological 
Congress  of  1893,  published  by  the  U.  S. 
Weather  Bureau  in  1895  and  '96,  there  is  an  ex- 
cellent list  of  the  most  important  works  in  me- 
teorology published  prior  to  1700,  being  titles, 
with  full  bibliographical  details,  of  works  in  the 
library  of  Dr.  Hellmann,  of  Berlin.  This  same 
gentleman,  who  has  done  so  much  for  the  his- 
tory and  bibliography  of  meteorology,  has  been 
issuing  a  series  of  fac-simile  reprints  (at  present 
nine  in  number)  of  early  and  rare  meteorologi- 
cal works,  which  contain  valuable  bibliographi- 
cal lists.  The  series  is  entitled  "  Neudrucke  von 
Schriften  und  Karten  liber  Meteorologie  und 
Erdmagnetismus,"  published  by  Ascher  &  Co. 
in  Berlin.  

PORTRAIT  INDEX. 

PRELIMINARY   LIST   OF  BOOKS   TO   BE  INDEXED. 
Concluded. 

*Montfaucon.    Les  monumens  de  la  monarchic  frar^aise. 

P.  1729. 

^Monthly  mirror,     1795-1810. 
*Montrosier.    Les  chefs  d'ceuvre  d'art  au  Luxembourg. 

P.  1881. 

*Moore.    Heroes  and  martyrs.    N.  Y.  1861. 
*Morgan.    Catalogue  of  [her]  art  collection.     N.  Y.  1886. 
Mozley.    Henry  VH.,  Prince  Arthur  and  Cardinal  Mor- 
ton.   L.  1878. 
*MUntz.    Hist,  de  1'art  pendant  la  renaissance.    3  v.    P. 

1889. 

*Murray.    Catalogue  of  the  pictures  of  the  Duke  of  Port- 
land.   1894. 
*Must5e  des  antiques. 
Musee  frar^ais.     L.  1876. 
Mus^e  pour  tous.    4  v.     P. 
*Museum. 

*National  historical  portraits.    So.  Kensington  loan  exhi- 
bition.    7  v.     L.  1878. 
*National  portrait  gallery.    (Cassell's.)   4  v.  in  2.    1874-78. 

(Taylor's.)    L.  1846. 
Naunton.    Court  of  Queen  Elizabeth.    1814.    (Caulfield 

edition.) 

"          Fragmenta  regalia.    (Dodd  ed.)    1824. 
* Naval  chronicle. 

Nayler.    Coronation  of  George  iv.    L.  1823. 
New  England  magazine. 
* New  Jersey  magazine. 

New  York  (City)  manual  of  the  corporation.    1841-70. 
*Neii>  London  magazine. 
*Nichol's  select  collection  of  poems.    1780. 
Nicolay  and  Hay.    Ab.  Lincoln,    to  v.    N.  Y.  1890. 
*Norfolk  portraits. 
*North.    Lives    of  F.   North,  Baron  Guilford  .  .  .  3  v. 

L.  1826. 

*Old  England's  worthies.    L.  1847. 
Oliphant.    Hist,  characters  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne. 

1894. 

*Omond.    Armiston  memoirs.    Edin.  1887. 
*Oncken.    Allgemeine  geschichte. 
Ossorie  y  Bernard.    Galeria  biog.  de  artistas  espafioles 

del  siglo  xix.    Madrid  1883-84. 

Pailh£s.    Chateaubriand,  sa  femme  et  ses  amis.    Bor- 
deaux 1896. 

Paris — Salon  de.    P.  1883-93. 
*Paton.    Scottish  national  memorials.     1890. 
*Pedrusi.    Farnese  museo. 
* Pennsylvania  magazine. 

*Have  already  been  indexed  or  provided  for. 


*Penny  magazine. 

Pepys.    Diary  ;  ed.  by  Braybrooke.    6  v.    L.  1875. 

"      Wheatley.    7  v.    L.  1894. 

*Perrault.    Les  hommes  illustres  qui  ont  paru  en  France 
pendant  le  siecle.    P.  1696. 

Petitot.    Emaux  de  Petitot.    2  v.    P.  1862. 
*Pettigrew.    Medical  portrait  gallery.    4  v.    L.  1838-40. 
*Pjllet.    Palais  de  San  Donato  catalogue.    P. 
*Piozzi.    Passages  from  her  diary;  ed.  by  Seeley.    L. 

1890. 

*Plutarque  franyais  (moyen  age).    P.  1844. 
*Polyanthus. 

Popular  science  monthly. 

Portfolio.     L.  1870-95. 

* Portrait  monthly  of  N.  Y.  illustrated  news. 
*Portraits  of  the  Athenaeum  club.    2  v.    L.  1836. 

Portraits  of  the  British  poets.    2.  v.    L.  1824. 

Propert.    Hist,  of  miniature  art.    L.  1887. 

*  Putnam's  magazine. 

*Rand.    One  of  a  thousand.    8.1890. 
*Redford.    Art  sales.    2V.    L.  1888. 

Reusner.      Icones    sive    imagines    vivorum    literature. 
Seculo  xv.    1719. 
*Reveil.    Museo  di  pittura  e  scultura.    13  v.    Fir.  1839. 

Review  of  reviews. 

Revue  encyclop<!dique. 

Revue  illustree.    4  v.     P.  1885-87. 
*Reynolds,  Sir  J.    Engravings.    2  v.    L.  1833. 

Ricraft.    Survey  of  England's  champions.    L.  1647. 
*Ritratti  de  Cardinali.    4  v.    no  t-p. 
*Robillard.    Musee  francaise.    5  v.    P.  1803-09. 
*Rodriguez.    Retratos  de  los  reyes  de  Espana.    Madrid 
1788. 

Royal  academy  pictures.    L.  1892-95. 
*Royal  magazine. 

*Saunders.    Portraits  and  memoirs  of  living  political  re- 
formers.   2  v.    L.  1838-40. 
*Schuyler  Institution  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati. 

N.  Y.  1886. 
^Scribner's  magazine. 

Seccombe.    Lives  of  12  bad  men.    L.  1894. 
*Secretan  collection.    Catalogue.    2  v.    P.  1889. 

Seidlitz.     Algemeines   historiscb.es   portratwerk.     6  v. 

Miinchen  1884. 
*Sharpe's  London  magazine. 

Shea.    The  fallen  brave.    N.  Y.  1861. 
*Silvestre.    Gallery  of  contemporary  art.    1884. 

Sloane.    Life  of  Napoleon.    N.  Y.  1896. 

Smiles.    Brief  biographies.    B.  1861. 
*Smith.     British  mezzotinto  portraits.     6  v.     L.  1884. 

Smith.    Iconographia  Scotica.    L.  1798. 
*Society  for  the  diffusion  of  useful  knowledge.    Gallery 

of  portraits.    7  v.    L.  1833. 
*Sommerard.    Les  arts  au  moyen  age. 

South  African  portraits.    N.  V.  1897. 
*Spruyt.    Lithographies   d'apres  les  tableaux  du  prince 
d'Arenberg.    Brux.  1829. 

Stan  ton.    Hist,  of  woman  suffrage.    3  v. 
*Stebbins.    Catalogue  of  paintings  and  sculpture.    N.  Y 
1889. 

Stevenson.    Art  of  Velasquez.    L.  1895. 

Stirling-Maxwell.    Annals  of  the  artists  of  Spain.    4  v 

1891. 
*Strahan.    Art  treasures  of  America.    3  v.    Phil.  188 — . 

Temple.    Masterpieces  of  art.    L.  1894. 

Thevet.    Les  vrais  portraits  et  vies  des  hommes  illustres. 

P.  1584- 
Thiers.    Hist,  de  la  revolution.    P.  1845. 

Thomson.    Barbizon  school  of  painters.    L.  1891. 

Thornton.     Foreign  secretaries  xix.  century.    3  v.    L. 
1881. 

Thust.    Biog.  klinstler  album.     Berlin  1867-. 

Titnbs.    English  eccentrics.     L.  1877. 

Treille.    Austraisiae  reges  et  duces.    Coloniae  1591. 
*Tresor  de  numismatique  et  de  glyptique.     P.  1849. 
*True  effigies  of  the  most  eminent  painters.    L.  1694. 
*Turpin.     (Already  entered  under  La  France  illustre.) 
*Universal  magazine. 

University  magazine.     1878-. 
*Vanity  fair  album.     26  y.     1869 — . 

Vasan.    Ritratti  di  pittori  e  scuJtura.    Roma  1788. 

*  "          Vite  de  peu  iccellenti  pittori.    Firenze  1771. 
*Vassor.    L'histoire  du  regne  de  Louis  xm.   i  Amster- 
dam 1701. 

*Viardot.     Masterpieces  of  French  art.    1883. 
*Visconti.    Iconografia  Greca.    3  v.    Milan  1821. 
Waddy.    Cartoon  portraits.    L.  1873. 
Walpole.    Anecdotes  of  painting  in  England.     (Dalla- 

way  edition).    5  v.    1828. 

Weale  and  Richter.    Descriptive  catalogue  of  pictures 
belonging  to  Earl  of  Northbrook.    L.  1889. 


348 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


*Webb.    Penns  and  Peningtons. 

West.    Laureates  of  England.     N.  Y.  1895. 
* 'Westminster  magazine. 

Whitehall  review.     L.  1880. 

*Wiffen.    Hist,  memoirs  of  the  house  of  Russell.    2  v.    L. 
1833. 

Williamson.    John  Russell.    L.  1894. 

Wilson,  J:  W.    Collection  of.    P.  1873. 
*Winsor.    Nar.  and  crit.  hist,  of  America. 
*       "          Memorial  history  of  Boston.    B.  1880. 
*Yriarti.    Autour  des  Borgia.    1891. 

"         Un  condottori  au  156  siecle:  Rimini.    P.  1882. 

Zeitschrift  fur  bildende  kunst.    Lpz.  1866-95. 

Zweihundert  bildnisse   .  .  .  deutscher    manner.      Lpz. 
1857. 


THE  TRIALS  OF  LIBRARIANS. 
William  Matketvi  in  "  Nufte  Litterarite" 

WHAT  an  amusing  book  might  be  written,  if 
he  would  relate  his  experiences,  by  that  much- 
abused  and  sorely-tried  person,  the  librarian  of 
a  great  public  library!  What  startling  revela- 
tions of  popular  ignorance,  almost  staggering 
one's  credulity,  a  veteran  like  Mr.  Cutter,  of 
the  Bosion  Athenaeum  or  Mr.  Poole,  of  the  New- 
berry  Library  in  Chicago,  might  make!  Think 
of  a  visitor  making  a  furious  complaint,  book 
in  hand,  as  did  one  at  the  National  Library  in 
Paris,  against  the  carelessness  which  has  found 
a  volume  altogether  different  from  the  one  he 
asked  for  —  namely,  "  Le  Jardin  des  Racines 
Grecques,"  which  is,  in  fact,  the  very  volume 
he  angrily  brandishes.  "  If,"  says  the  official, 
courteously,  "  this  volume  does  not  contain  all 
the  information  you  want,  we  have  others  which 
are  completer  and  go  deeper  in  the  matter. 
For  instance,  there  is  the  '  Thesaurus  Linguae 
Graecae.' " 

"  That,  sir,"  replied  the  visitor,  "  is  nothing 
to  the  purpose.  I  am  a  gardener,  and  what  I 
want  to  know  is,  how  the  Greeks  laid  out  their 
gardens." 

Think  of  a  visitor  asking,  as  did  one  at  the 
British  Museum,  to  be  allowed  to  see  "  the 
original  samshrift,"  which,  he  afterwards  ex- 
plains, "is  the  foundation  of  every  language 
under  the  sun  !"  Suspecting  that  a  Sanskrit 
manuscript  may  be  the  thing  desired,  the  libra- 
rian shows  him  a  palm-leaf  ms.,  which  com- 
pletely satisfies  his  curiosity.  He  evidently 
came  expecting  to  find  that  "  the  original  sam- 
shrift "  was  a  single  document  which  he  might 
touch  and.  handle. 

The" seemingly  intuitive  sagacity,  the  result 
of  long  experience,  with  which  the  employes 
in  a  great  library  divine  the  wants  of  visitors, 
who  give  only  the  vaguest  and  sometimes 
wholly  misleading  hints  of  the  books  they  wish 
for,  is  extraordinary.  I  was  told  by  one  of  Che 
officials  in  the  delivery-room  of  the  Boston 
Athenaeum  that  a  lady  called  there  one  day  and 
said,  "  I  want  a  work  on  nervous  prostration." 
It  seems  incredible  that,  even  with  all  her  prac- 
tice in  interpreting  the  imperfectly  expressed 
wishes  of  visitors,  the  assistant  librarian  should 
have  guessed,  and  rightly,  that  the  lady  wanted 
a  novel  called  "  A  fashionable  sufferer."  An- 
other and  more  enigmatical  visitor,  an  old  lady, 
said,  "I  want  a  book  that  begins  with  C"  —  a 
request  which,  one  would  think,  must  have  baf- 


fled the  combined  efforts  of  the  officials  to  dis- 
cover its  reference;  but  the  reference  was  rightly 
divined.  Still  another  lady  asked  for  "  a  book 
about  something  in  your  pocket,"  by  which  it 
was  rightly  guessed  that  she  meant  a  work  en- 
titled '•  A  strange  manuscript  found  in  a  copper 
cylinder  "  —  the  only  clue  being  the  little  prepo- 
sition in.  A  gentleman  asked  one  day  tor  "  a 
book  by  a  person  who  lives  in  Waltham." 
Knowing  that  "  A  humble  romance,"  by  Miss 
Wilkins,  of  Waltham,  was  very  popular,  Miss 
R.  asked  if  he  meant  that  book,  to  which  the 
reply  was  "  Yes." 

When  I  was  librarian  of  the  Young  Men's 
Library  Association  in  Chicago,  some  30  years 
ago,  a  rich  and  fashionable  lady  sailed  into  the 
room  one  day  with  an  air  of  conscious  impor- 
tance, and  asked,  "  Have  you  any  of  David  Cop- 
perfield's  works?"  Another  fashionable  lady 
asked,  "  Have  you  a  page  ?"  When  I  replied, 
"  You  mean  a  catalog,  madam,  I  presume?" 
she  replied,  "Well,  page  or  catalog,  either — I 
don't  care  which  !" 

Per  contra,  the  visitors  at  libraries  do  not 
monopolize  all  the  blunders.  A  lady  from  St. 
Paul,  who  asked  at  the  Boston  Public  Library 
for  "  Evelyn's  diary"  was  told  that  she  would 
find  it  "  below,  on  the  first  floor,  where  all  ihe 
novels  are  kept." 


SPECIFICATIONS    FOR    BOOKBINDING. 

CONCISE  and  practical  directions  on  "  How 
to  make  out  a  binder's  list,"  by  Edward  A. 
Miller,  have  been  published  by  Neumann 
Brothers,  7  E.  i6th  Street,  New  York.  The 
directions,  which  are  printed  on  the  back  of  the 
binding  order  blanks  issued  by  Messrs.  Neu- 
mann, are  as  follows  : 

1.  Let  the  lists  be  typewritten,  if  possible. 

2.  If  there  are  several  lots  of  books  to  be 
billed  separately,  let  the  lists  for  the  different 
lots  be  made  out  on  separate  sheets. 

3.  In  the  first  column,  number  the  items  con- 
secutively, and  let  the  consecutive  numbering 
run  through  the  entire  set  sent  for   binding, 
even  where  there  are  separate  bills  to  be  ren- 
dered. 

4.  In  the  second  column,  put  the  number  of 
volumes  in  each  set. 

This  is  a  most  important  point,  and  one  that 
has  been  neglected  in  the  past. 

5.  Then  put  the  title  of  book,  or  set,  in  CAP- 
ITALS, if  typewritten,  or  underscore  it,   if  in 
manuscript,  so  that  it  may  at  once  stand  out 
boldly  from  the  list. 

6.  Then,   if  convenient,   on   a   second   line, 
enumerate  the  separate  volumes  of  a  set.     This 
is   not  essential,  and   as   it   is  probably  extra 
work,  it  may  be  omitted.     The  total  number  of 
volumes   of  a  set  is  what  is  essential  for  the 
binder. 

7.  Arrange  the  list   in  absolute  alphabet.     In 
doing  this,  if  there  are  previous  bound  volumes 
of  any  xvork,  use  the  title  on  the  bound  volume 
for  the  new  list,  not  the  title  on  the  title-page. 
Thus,  if  "  The  Journal  of  the  American  Chem- 
ical  Society"   is   lettered   on   the    bound   vol- 


>  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


349 


umes  :  AMERICAN  CHEMICAL  SOCIETY  — 
JOURNAL,  it  should  appear  that  way  on  the 
list,  and  be  put  under  "A,"  not  "  J."  The 
reason  for  this  is  that  the  binder  may  be  en- 
abled to  positively  determine  whether  he  has 
a  pattern  or  not,  and,  if  so,  to  facilitate  finding 
the  same.  The  pattern,  of  course,  is  lettered 
the  same  as  the  bound  volumes  already  turned 
out. 

7a.  If  a  sample  accompanies  volumes  for 
binding,  let  the  title  appear  on  the  list  the 
same  as  on  the  sample  volume 

7b.  If  there  is  no  sample  or  pattern  for  a 
volume,  or  set,  mark  out  the  title  on  the  list  as 
it  is  to  appear  on  the  bound  volume,  and  the 
binder  will  follow  it.  Thus,  if  a  set  of  "  Fred- 
erick theGreat,"  by  Carlyle,  is  to  be  titled  with 
author's  name  first,  let  it  appear  on  the  list  : 
CARLYLE  — FREDERICK  THE  GREAT, 
and  put  it  under  "  C."  The  binder  will  take 
care  of  the  numbers  of  the  separate  volumes 
of  the  set,  and,  as  a  rule,  it  is  unnecessary  to 
enumerate  them. 

8.  In  the  column   after  the   title,    note   the 
style  of  binding:   \  rnor.,  £  roan,  cloth,  etc., 
etc. 

9.  Then  leave  a  column  blank,  for  the  binder 
to  fill  in  his  prices.     Thus  there  will  be  an  au- 
thentic list  and  bill,  all  in  one. 

10.  In  the  column  after  the   price,  put   the 
class  number  for  such  volumes  for  which  there 
is  no  sample  or  pattern,  and  in  cases  where  a 
change  is  made  in  the  class  or  book  number, 
from  the  one  which  appears  on  the  last  bound 
volume  at  the  library. 

11.  Finally  in  another  column  may  be  made 
such  sundry  remarks   as  are  necessary.  -*For 
instance,  "bind  covers  in,"  "covers  and  ads 
at  end,"  "rush  this  volume,"  "2  vols.  in  i," 
etc.,  etc. 

12.  Keep  down  the  number  of  incomplete  vol- 
umes to  a  minimum.     Should  it  be  necessary  to 
send  any  such  to  the  binder,  make  a  separate 
list  of  them,  and  if  possible  make  a  note  of  the 
missing   parts.     Very  often  the   main  bulk  of 
the  work  is  long  finished,  and  incomplete  vol- 
umes are  still  awaiting  the  arrival  of  missing 
parts.     If   these   incomplete  volumes  were  on 
the  same  list  with  the  rest  of  the  material,  the 
whole  list  would  have  to  be  held  until  every- 
thing would  be  complete. 

13.  In  taking   the  letterpress  copies  of  the 
list,   use  two  sheets  of  tissue-paper,  and  thus 
get  two  copies.     One  to  be  kept  at  the  library, 
as  a  record,  until  the  original  is  returned  by 
the   binder,  and   the   second   copy  to   be   for- 
warded to  the  binder,  at  the  same  time  with 
the  original,  for  him  to  keep  permanently. 

14.  Where  libraries  have  sufficient  assistants, 
it  would  be  a  good  plan  to  mark  the  serial  num- 
ber (which  appears  in  the  first  column  of  the 
list)  in  lead  pencil,  near  the  upper  right  hand 
corner  of  the  title-page  of  the  corresponding 
book.     Where  there  are  several  volumes  of  a 
set,  the  serial  number  to  be  marked  on  each 
title-page,  with  a  line  under  it  ;  and  under  that, 
the  number  of  volumes  in  the  set.     Thus,  if  the 
serial  number  is  126  and  the  number  of  vol- 
umes in  the  set  is  five,  mark  each  title-page 
thus  :  i^. 


83T°Use  two  sheets 
of  tissue-paper  in 
taking    letterpress 

To  NEUMANN  BROTHERS.    leldfrection  No"fe 
on  other  side. 

Serial  No. 

J2 

V| 

d 
55 

TITLE. 

oi 

*>, 

y> 

d 

u 

£ 

6  6 
S5S5 

en  ^ 
2  o 
—  o 
UK 

Remarks. 

See  other  side  for  directions. 

15.  A  very  useful  check  will  be  found  in  add- 
ing the  second  column  of  the  list,  giving  the 
number  of  volumes  ;  then,  as  the  books  are 
being  packed  into  the  case  to  be  shipped  to 
the  binder,  in  counting  the  total  number  of 
volumes.  The  latter  figure  must  agree  with 
the  addition  of  the  number  of  volumes. 

The  following  is  a  reduced  fac-simile  of  the 
order  blank  used  : 


THE   BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   CONFERENCE 

AT  BRUSSELS. 

THE  international  bibliographical  conference, 
to  be  held  at  Brussels,  August  2-4,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Institut  International  de  Biblio- 
graphic, will  consider  the  following  program: 

1.  General  condition  of  bibliographical  work; 
the  actual  condition  of   bibliography  in  the  va- 
rious countries  and  in  the  various  branches  of 
human  knowledge;  statistics. 

2.  General  organization  of  a  universal  biblio- 
graphical index. 

3.  International  co-operation; collaboration  in 
a  universal  bibliographical  index  : 

a,  by  government  aid:  an  authorized  of- 
fice,   national    bibliographies,    catalogs  of 
great  national  libraries; 

b,  by  scientific  societies; 

c,  by  libraries; 

d,  by  publishers ; 

e,  by  authors; 

/,  by  existing  periodical  bibliographies. 

4.  International  bibliographical  classification. 

5.  Bibliography   of   various   kinds   of  docu- 
ments —  books,  periodicals,  publications  of  so- 
cieties, journals,  official  documents,  maps,  en- 
gravings, music. 

6.  Bibliographies  of  the  several  sciences. 

7.  Editing   of  bibliographical    material  —  an 
international  code  of  bibliographical  rules  re- 
garding  the   various   details   of  a  full   biblio- 
graphical  entry:   authors'   names,   title   entry, 
paging,  size,  abbreviations,  annotations,  etc. 

8.  Publication  of  bibliographies:  arrangement 
of  text,  choice  of  type  ;  form  of  publication — in 
parts   and  on  cards;   processes   of   printing  — 
typography,    lithography,  heliography.     Pres- 
ervation and  utilization  of  stereotype  plates. 

9.  Bibliographical  accessories :  cards  and  card- 
cabinets,  extensible  bindings,  etc. 


350 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


American  Cibrarg  QUsocuition. 

President:  Justin  Winsor,  Harvard  Univer- 
sity Library,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Secretary :  Melvil  Dewey,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, Albany. 

Treasurer :  Gardner  M.  Jones,  Public  Library, 
Salem,  Mass. 

NINETEENTH  CONFERENCE,  PHILADEL- 
PHIA, JUNE  31-35,  1897. 

FIRST   DAY. 

ON  October  6,  1876,  the  American  Library 
Association  was  organized  in  Philadelphia,  and 
on  June  21,  1897,  the  association  celebrated  its 
2ist  birthday  and  inaugurated  its  igth  general 
conference  in  the  city  of  its  birth,  under  the 
roof  of  the  society  in  whose  rooms  its  organiza- 
tion was  first  discussed. 

According  to  the  program,  Monday,  June  21, 
was  the  first  day  of  the  conference  ;  but  so  far 
as  actual  business  was  concerned  it  was,  in 
fact,  but  a  fraction  of  a  day,  and  the  con- 
ference proper  did  not  open  until  Tuesday. 
The  Aldine  Hotel  had  been  chosen  as  head- 
quarters, and  all  day  Monday  it  was  the 
scene  of  animated  greetings  and  exchange  of 
welcomes,  as  arrivals  were  registered  from 
east  and  west,  north  and  south.  Most  of  the 
early  comers,  after  removing  the  dust  of 
travel,  set  forth  upon  exploring  tours,  and  soon 
found  themselves  distracted  by  the  multiplicity 
of  points  of  interest.  Sooner  or  later,  most  of 
them  gravitated  to  the  Free  Library  of  Phila- 
delphia, where  they  were  made  cordially  wel- 
come and  were  escorted  by  friendly  cicerones 
from  the  main  delivery  and  book-room  to  the 
attic  bindery  and  the  cheery  staff-room  perched 
high  under  the  eaves.  The  various  details  of 
method  and  arrangement  were  explained  and 
examined  ;  the  system  of  free  access  which 
prevails  throughout  the  entire  library  "  plant," 
and  the  methods  of  preparing  and  delivering 
books  for  the  branches,  were  of  special  interest, 
and  to  all  the  visitors  the  Free  Library  was  an 
inspiration  and  an  object  lesson  in  its  showing 
of  how  much  may  be  accomplished  by  hard 
work,  enthusiasm  and  persistent  devotion. 
Besides  the  Free  Library,  many  also  visited  the 
fine  collection  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical 
Society,  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science, 
and  the  interesting  exhibit  of  rare  books,  bind- 
ings, and  manuscripts  shown  at  the  Drexel  In- 
stitute under  the  auspices  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Library  Club.  This  exhibit  deserves  more  than 
a  mere  statement  of  its  existence.  It  was 
largely  a  loan  collection,  gathered  from  some 
of  the  finest  private  libraries  in  Philadelphia 
and  New  York,  and  comprised,  among  many 
other  interesting  exhibits,  the  fine  Starr  collec- 
tion of  Cruikshankiana,  owned  by  the  Kitten- 
house  Club  of  Philadelphia,  some  rare  old 
Schwenkfelder  manuscript  hymn-books  and 
works  from  Ephrata  Cloister,  lent  by  Judge 
Pennypacker  ;  a  selection  of  early  play-bills, 
portraits,  and  autographs  of  actors  and  actresses 
from  the  collection  of  Charles  N.  Mann ;  a 
number  of  fine  bronzes,  miniatures  and  auto- 
graphs relating  to  Napoleon,  lent  by  Mr.  and 


Mrs.  W.  J.  Latta  ;  and  the  remarkable  collec- 
tion of  mss.  given  to  Drexel  Institute  by  the 
late  George  W.  Childs. 

The  first  session  of  the  conference  was  held 
on  Monday  evening  in  the  building  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Historical  Society,  which  21  years  be- 
fore had  greeted  an  assembly  of  104  librarians 
gathered  to  discuss  the  feasibility  of  library 
organization.  The  session  was  wholly  informal, 
the  earlier  part  of  the  evening  being  given  up 
to  social  intercourse  and  to  inspection  of  the 
treasures  displayed  for  the  interest  of  the  vis- 
itors. The  fine  rooms  of  the  society  were 
handsomely  decorated  with  flowers  and  potted 
plants,  and  the  cordiality  of  the  welcome  ex- 
tended had  a  special  pleasure  and  significance 
when  it  was  remembered  how  closely  the  soci- 
ety and  its  officers  were  linked  with  the  begin- 
nings of  the  association. 

At  9:10  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  by 
President  Brett,  and  a  short  address  of  welcome 
was  made  by  Judge  Samuel  W.  Pennypacker, 
vice-president  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical 
Society,  who  spoke  of  the  assembly  which 
had  been  gathered  in  the  society's  rooms  21 
years  ago,  and  had  been  welcomed  by  John 
William  Wallace,  then  president  of  the  Histori- 
cal Society.  He  briefly  traced  the  varied  ac- 
tivities that  had  developed  since  that  first  meet- 
ing, and  emphasized  the  fitness  of  Philadelphia, 
the  birth-place  of  the  association,  as  the  scene 
of  the  present  conference.  Mr.  Brett  replied 
briefly  to  Judge  Pennypacker's  welcome,  and 
called  upon  one  of  the  original  founders  of  the 
association,  S.  S.  Green,  of  Worcester,  to  re- 
spond more  fully.  Mr.  Green's  talk  was  an  inter- 
esting summary  of  the  development  of  the  asso- 
ciation since  the  centennial  year,  with  brief  note 
of  the  main  land-marks  along  the  path,  and  it 
was  interspersed  with  reminiscences  of  the  first 
members  and  pioneer  workers  in  the  associa- 
tion. The  session  was  closed  by  Dr.  William 
Pepper  with  a  few  words  of  sincere  and  hearty 
welcome,  in  which  he  pointed  to  libraries  as 
a  vital  part  of  the  civic  development  of  the 
day,  and  as  ,an  essential  factor  in  good  city 
government,  and  spoke  earnestly  of  what  it 
was  hoped  the  libraries  of  Philadelphia  might 
be  and  do  in  the  development  of  the  best  gov- 
ernment for  the  city.  The  addresses  were  fol- 
lowed by  a  supper,  served  in  the  main  hall  on 
the  first  floor,  which  was  beautiful  in  its  decora- 
tions of  palms,  roses,  and  sweet  peas,  contrast- 
ing with  the  solemn  portraits  and  dark  book- 
cases that  lined  the  walls.  The  entire  building 
was  thrown  open  to  the  guests,  and  it  was  after 
midnight  before  the  visitors  realized  that  pre- 
sent social,  bibliographical,  and  hospitable  de- 
lights must  give  way  to  the  necessity  of  rest 
before  the  hard  work  of  the  morrow. 

SECOND   DAY. 

On  Tuesday,  June  22,  the  actual  work  of  the 
conference  began.  The  Drexel  Institute  had 
been  placed  at  the  service  of  the  association  as 
the  place  of  meeting,  and  in  its  fine  auditorium 
the  first  business  session  was  called  to  order  at 
9:30  a.m.  by  President  Brett,  who  after  a  brief 
word  of  greeting  delivered  his  opening  address. 


,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


35' 


The  president's  address  was,  fittingly,  a  retro- 
spect of  the  work  begun  and  done  by  the  Amer- 
ican Library  Association  during  its  21  years  of 
existence  and  a  forecast  of  work  still  to  be  ac- 
complished. At  the  first  meeting  of  the  as- 
sociation there  were  present  104  members,  of 
whom  13  were  women,  who  came  from  16 
states  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  who  rep- 
resented about  100  libraries,  including  school, 
college,  proprietary,  endowed,  and  public  li- 
braries. At  that  first  meeting  the  problems 
which  librarians  have  ever  since  been  striving 
to  solve  were  outlined  with  prescience,  and 
the  work  of  the  association  was  started  along 
lines  of  practical  and  technical  detail,  with  a 
recognition  of  the  broader  phases  of  the  ethi- 
cal and  civic  influence  of  the  library.  In  the 
appointment  of  the  co-operation  committee, 
made  at  that  meeting,  the  means  of  progress 
were  indicated  and  the  keynote  of  success 
was  struck.  Since  that  time  the  association 
has  met  each  year,  with  but  two  exceptions, 
assembling  at  various  points,  from  the  extreme 
east  to  the  Pacific  coast;  it  has  had  upon  its 
rolls  in  all  over  1500  members,  and  its  present 
membership  is  almost  800;  while  it  has  seen  a 
growth  in  number  and  importance  of  libraries 
and  a  development  of  library  methods,  organ- 
ization, and  administration  that  are  indeed 
wonderful.  "In  21  years  or  a  little  more,  the 
libraries  of  our  country  have  increased  over 
200  %,  have  trebled  in  volume."  Essentially, 
this  period  of  library  history  has  been  a  con- 
structive one,  during  which  the  great  library 
machine  has  been  fitted  together  in  its  more 
mechanical  details,  and  prepared  for  an  epoch 
of  work  and  extension  that  promises  to  exceed 
that  of  any  previous  time  and  surpass  even  the 
hopes  of  the  most  sanguine. 

It  is  in  the  spirit  with  which  it  has  been 
carried  on  that  the  growth  and  development 
of  the  library  is  most  notable.  "As  we  recog- 
nize in  man  the  triune  nature,  body,  mind,  and 
spirit,  so  in  the  institution  we  may  see  the 
trinity  of  material,  method,  and  motive.  The 
library  has  its  body  of  buildings,  appliances, 
and  books;  its  directing  intelligence  in  method 
and  organization;  and  its  spirit  of  good  will  and 
helpfulness  which  calls  it  into  existence  and 
gives  it  vitality  and  value.  This  is  the  true  li- 
brary spirit.  It  is  this  which  brings  to  libraries 
endowments  and  noble  gifts  and  a  generous 
public  support.  It  is  this  which  impels  men 
and  women  to  give  their  time,  their  thought, 
their  effort,  their  very  selves  to  the  work.  And 
it  is  only  by  an  appeal  to  this  same  spirit  in 
those  who  use  the  library  that  it  can  do  its 
best  work.  To  an  institution  founded,  as  a  li- 
brary is,  upon  generosity  and  carried  on  in 
unselfishness,  narrowing  rules  and  hampering 
regulations  are  as  foreign  and  repugnant  as 
they  are  ineffective.  The  free  library  can  only 
do  its  best  work  by  trusting  the  people  to  use 
it,  by  appealing  to  their  honor  and  unselfish- 
ness, by  enlisting  their  sympathy  and  securing 
their  help  in  its  work."  The  future  of  the  li- 
brary movement,  therefore,  would  seem  to  tend 
directly  toward  freer  methods,  to  more  direct 
and  unrestricted  contact  with  the  people  and  to 


a  definite  recognition  of  the  library  as  one  of 
the  greatest  educational  forces  in  modern  life. 

Secretary  Hayes  then  presented  his  report 
for  the  year,  briefly  stating  the  facts  relating  to 
the  A.  L.  A.  hearing  had  before  the  Congres- 
sional Library  Committee  in  December,  1896; 
the  special  meeting  called  to  consider  re-incor- 
poration in  February  of  this  year ;  and  the 
action  taken  by  the  A.  L.  A.  regarding  the  pro- 
posed tariff  on  books.  Then  followed  the  re- 
port of  the  trustees  of  the  endowment  fund, 
read  by  the  secretary,  giving  the  total  assets 
of  the  fund  as  $6464.88  without  liabilities.  On 
motion  of  Mr.  Peoples  the  report  was  accepted 
and  laid  over  for  further  consideration. 

The  report  of  the  Publishing  Section,  which 
was  then  presented  by  W.  I.  Fletcher,  chair- 
man of  the  section,  was  a  most  interesting  re- 
view of  the  various  important  matters  under- 
taken by  the  section  within  the  year.  The 
most  noteworthy  features  of  its  work  have 
been  the  continuous  employment  of  an  assist- 
ant secretary,  whose  time  is  given  to  its  service, 
and  the  preparation  and  issue  by  the  section  of 
the  printed  catalog  cards  formerly  issued  for 
three  years  by  the  Library  Bureau.  The  pub- 
lications of  the.  section  since  the  Cleveland  con- 
ference have  been  (i)  the  "Supplement  to 
Sargent's  Reading  for  the  young,"  (2)  the  an- 
notated "  Bibliography  of  fine  art,"  by  Russell 
Sturgis  and'H.  E.  Krehbiel,  edited  by  George 
lies,  the  first  of  a  projected  series  of  expert 
annotated  subject  bibliographies,  and  (3)  Miss 
Hewins's  short  "List  of  books  for  boys  and 
girls,"  which  it  is  hoped  will  prove  widely  use- 
ful for  distribution  among  library  readers.  The 
work  in  sight  of  the  section  includes  the  index 
to  portraits,  as  to  which  a  preliminary  state- 
ment has  already  been  made  (see  L.  j.,  May, 
p.  253);  the  supplement  to  the  "  A.  L.  A.  in- 
dex," which  it  is  hoped  to  issue  in  1898;  a  new 
edition  of  the  "  List  of  subject-headings"  ;  an 
annotated  "  Bibliography  of  American  history," 
similar  to  the  "  Bibliography  of  fine  art";  a  list 
of  French  fiction  suitable  for  libraries,  and  the 
"  Library  primer,"  as  to  which  no  definite  ac- 
tion has  yet  been  taken,  besides  a  proposed 
extension  of  the  scope  of  the  printed  catalog 
cards,  if  sufficient  support  for  the  undertaking 
be  secured.  The  section  recorded,  with  special 
appreciation,  a  gift  of  $100,  made  by  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Pittsburgh  Carnegie  Library  to  aid 
in  its  work,  and  urged  the  necessity  of  an  in- 
creased income,  if  its  work  is  to  be  of  the 
greatest  practical  benefit.  In  presenting  the 
report,  Mr.  Fletcher  announced  that  Mr.  lies 
in  a  recent  private  letter  had  stated  his  inten- 
tion to  contribute  $1000  toward  the  publication 
of  an  annotated  bibliography  of  American  his- 
tory, the  main  outlines  of  which  had  already 
been  planned.  The  report  was  accepted,  and 
the  amendment  to  the  constitution,  by  which 
the  section  is  organized  as  a  board  of  five  mem- 
bers and  the  annual  membership  subscription 
feature  is  abolished  was  brought  up  for  consid- 
eration. This  amendment  was  presented  and 
approved  at  the  Cleveland  conference,  and  was 
now  passed  without  dissent,  thus  becoming 
legally  a  part  of  the  constitution.  In  accepting 


352 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


Mr.  Fletcher's  report,  a  resolution  was  passed 
accepting  Mr.  Iles's  generous  offer  to  the  Pub- 
lishing Section  and  extending  to  him  the  thanks 
of  the  association.  It  was  also  voted  that  the 
report  of  the  Publishing  Section  be  printed  and 
placed  in  the  hands  of  members  before  adjourn- 
ment. 

The  report  of  the  co-operation  committee, 
read  by  the  secretary,  emphasized  especially 
the  work  done  during  the  year  in  the  issue  of 
co-operative  catalogs,  such  as  the  recent  union 
list  of  periodicals  issued  by  the  Boston  Public 
Library,  and  the  union  reference  lists  given  in 
the  bulletin  of  the  New  York  Public  Library. 
The  "Cumulative  index"  was  referred  to  as 
demonstrating  the  availability  of  the  linotype 
for  library  uses,  and  the  various  bibliographical 
enterprises  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  the  In- 
stitut  International  de  Bibliographic,  with  the 
discussions  as  to  cataloging  and  classification 
aroused  thereby  in  foreign  journals,  were  sum- 
marized. The  final  report  of  the  committee  on 
the  lists  of  select  fiction,  formerly  published  by 
the  Massachusetts  Library  Club,  had  not  yet 
been  made,  but  it  was  hoped  that  the  lists 
might  be  continued  for  a  further  trial.  Two 
interesting  fields  for  co-operation  had  been 
opened,  in  the  discussion  of  books  of  the  year 
by  local  associations,  as  was  done  in  Brooklyn 
in  January,  and  in  the  library  institute  held 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Indiana  association, 
and  a  development  of  both  these  ideas  would 
be  of  much  interest  and  usefulness. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Green  a  resolution  was 
passed  requesting  the  trustees  of  the  endowment 
fund  to  present  an  itemized  list  of  the  invest- 
ments of  the  fund  in  their  annual  report.  The 
report  of  the  committee  on  public  documents  was 
then  read  by  the  secretary.  It  listed  as  the  im- 
portant events  of  the  year  the  issue  from  Super- 
intendent Crandall's  office  of  the  catalog  of  docu- 
ments of  the  53d  congress,  and  the  consolidated 
index  for  the  first  session  of  the  54th  congress, 
both  of  which  have  set  a  new  standard  for 
government  cataloging.  The  passage  of  the 
Ames  index  bill  was  noted,  and  the  work  done 
by  the  Congressional  Library  Committee  re- 
garding the  future  of  the  Library  of  Congress 
was  briefly  reviewed. 

Dr.  G.  E.  Wire  then  presented  a  verbal  re- 
port on  the  Dr.  William  F.  Poole  Memorial 
Fund,  stating  that  about  $465  had  been  collected, 
and  that  it  was  hoped  to  obtain  at  the  present 
conference  the  sum  necessary  to  make  up  the 
$500.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Wing  four  tellers  were 
appointed  and  a  recess  of  five  minutes  was 
taken  for  the  collection  of  this  sum,  at  the  end 
of  which  time  it  was  announced  that  $44  had 
been  obtained  and  that  the  fund  was  complete. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  state  aid, 
J.  G.  Whittier,  chairman,  was  read  by  J.  C. 
Dana  ;  it  stated  that  bills  relating  to  library 
commissions  or  travelling  libraries  were  during 
the  year  presented  in  California,  Colorado, 
Georgia,  Maryland,  Minnesota,  Kentucky,  Ne- 
braska, and  Pennsylvania,  but  so  far  without 
success  ;  and  it  gave  to  Wisconsin  credit  for 
the  most  effective  and  general  library  progress 
noted  in  any  state  during  the  year. 


The  report  of  the  committee  on  gifts  and  be- 
quests, read  by  the  secretary,  recorded  for  the 
10  months  since  July,  1896,  gifts  to  libraries 
amounting  to  over  $40,000  in  money,  nearly 
50,000  v.  of  books  and  pamphlets,  buildings 
valued  at  more  than  $200,000,  and  manuscripts, 
books,  and  pictures  worth  nearly  half  a  million 
dollars,  with  many  other  gifts  of  which  the 
value  could  not  be  stated. 

The  committee  on  an  American  libraries  clear- 
ing-house submitted  two  reports,  which  were 
read  by  Secretary  Hayes.  The  majority  report, 
signed  by  R.  G.  Thwaites,  chairman,  and  J.  F. 
Langton,  urged  the  practicability  and  impor- 
tance of  establishing  a  central  national  bureau 
for  clearance  and  exchange  of  publications  be- 
tween libraries  in  the  new  Congressional  Library 
building,  such  a  bureau  to  be  conducted  by  an 
expert  reference  librarian,  and  its  work  to  be  a 
part  of  the  machinery  of  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary, when  that  library  should  be  fully  reor- 
ganized in  its  new  quarters.  The  minority  re- 
port was  submitted  by  Miss  A.  R.  Hasse,  who 
stated  that  she  had  been  unable  to  convince 
herself  that  "  it  is  any  part  of  the  function  of 
the  government  to  assist  the  librarian  to  the 
knowledge  of  ephemeral  private  publications, 
much  less  to  supply  him  with  such  publications 
gratuitously,"  that  the  government  was  already 
overburdened  with  the  work  of  exchange  and 
distribution  of  documents,  and  that  such  a 
recommendation  as  that  presented  by  the  com- 
mittee was,  under  present  circumstances,  im- 
practicable. Both  reports  were  accepted  with- 
out action,  and  the  committee  was  continued  for 
further  report  at  the  next  meeting. 

Invitations  from  four  cities  were  then  read 
by  the  secretary,  urging  the  association  to  hold 
its  next  meeting  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  Lincoln,  Neb., 
Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  and  Pine  Bluff,  N.  C.  The 
subject  of  printing  certain  reports  and  papers  in 
advance  of  the  meeting  was  then  introduced  by 
the  president,  and  Mr.  S.  H.  Ranck  offered  a 
resolution  requiring  that  in  future  there  shall  be 
printed  in  advance  and  placed  in  the  hands  of 
members  at  the  annual  meeting  all  such  reports 
and  papers  as  the  program  committee  may 
deem  advisable.  In  the  discussion  that  followed 
an  amendment  offered  by  Mr.  Green  was  ac- 
cepted, referring  the  authority  to  print  to  the 
executive  board  instead  of  to  the  program  com- 
mittee, and  the  resolution,  as  amended,  was 
passed.  A  committee  on  resolutions  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  president,  as  follows :  W.  T. 
Peoples,  Miss  H.  P.  James,  and  A.  W.  Tyler, 
and  adjournment  was  taken  until  two  o'clock. 

The  afternoon  session  on  Tuesday  was  de- 
voted to  a  discussion  of  the  books  of  the  year 
considered  desirable  for  the  supplement  to  the 
A.  L.  A.  catalog.  Advance  copies  of  the  list 
selected,  covering  the  period  from  June  I,  1896, 
to  May  15,  1897,  were  distributed  among  the 
members,  for  reference  and  criticism,  and  the 
session  was  planned  on  similar  lines  as  the 
book-discussion  evening  of  the  Cleveland  con- 
ference. It  did  not,  however,  rank  in  interest 
or  in  effectiveness  with  that  discussion,  or 
with  the  similar  session  held  in  Brooklyn  in 


,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


353 


January  this  year,  owing  chiefly  to  the  diffi- 
culty in  obtaining  leaders  for  the  various  branch- 
es of  literature  and  to  lack  of  time  for  prepara- 
tion. The  session  was  conducted  by  Dr.  J.  K. 
Hosmer,  and  was  opened  by  Miss  M.  S.  Cutler, 
with  the  report  of  the  committee  on  A.  L.  A. 
catalog  supplement.  The  committee  stated 
that  the  result  of  three  years'  work  on  the 
supplement  has  impressed  them  strongly  with 
a  sense  of  the  great  importance  of  this  system 
of  co-operative  book  selection,  but  has  also 
led  them  to  form  the  following  definite  con- 
clusions: (i)  there  must  be  an  enlargement  of 
the  responsibility  of  the  committee  and  fuller 
consultation  with  other  judges,  (2)  there  must 
be  direct  specialization  of  individual  subjects 
by  competent  judges,  (3)  the  committee  must 
be  assisted  by  other  librarians  and  by  specialists, 
(4)  individual  judges  must  acknowledge  re- 
sponsibility for  their  votes  over  their  initials 
if  necessary,  and  (5)  a  definite  basis  of  selection 
must  be  decided  upon  and  its  principles  stated. 

The  first  subject  for  discussion  on  the  pro- 
gram was  books  of  the  year  in  sociology,  but  in 
the  absence  of  any  leader  for  that  topic  it  was 
passed  by.  Books  in  fine  art  were  briefly  pre- 
sented by  Miss  Hannah  P.  James.  "  Science," 
unassigned  on  the  program,  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Montgomery,  whose  terse  differentiation  of 
works  of  science  and  books  by  "  scientifically 
disposed  "  persons,  led  to  some  discussion  as 
to  the  advisability  of  including  in  the  list  much 
of  the  "  popular"  current  literature  of  the  day  ; 
"  History,"  presented  by  Mr.  Larned,  included 
also  biography  and  travel,  and  evoked  some 
interesting  suggestions  as  to  classification  of 
books  that  though  nominally  biography  are 
actually  history;  "  Children's  books  "  were  to 
have  been  discussed  by  Miss  Hewins,  who 
was  unable  to  be  present,  and  who  sent  in- 
stead a  short  suggestive  paper  on  the  sort  of 
books  that  the  majority  of  children  en  joy.  This 
was  read  by  Miss  Linda  A.  Eastman,  who  also 
briefly  reviewed  the  children's  books  given  in 
the  tentative  list.  Fiction  was  presented  by  Miss 
Helen  E.  Haines,  who  said  that  she  feared  a 
devoted  novel  reader  was  hardly  the  person  to 
discuss  fiction  before  librarians,  and  who  "de- 
clined to  state  "  how  many  of  the  novels  listed 
had  been  read  by  her.  There  was  little  gen- 
eral discussion,  even  in  fiction,  where  agree- 
ment to  disagree  is  usually  unanimous,  and 
the  session  was  adjourned  before  five  o'clock, 
giving  the  members  opportunity  for  refresh- 
ment in  trolley  rides,  library  visitation  or  other 
pleasant  sightseeing. 

For  Tuesday  evening  there  had  been  ar- 
ranged a  change  in  usual  A.  L.  A.  programs  in 
the  form  of  a  public  meeting  at  which  the  gen- 
eral subject  of  the  influence  of  the  library  in  a 
community  should  be  presented  by  various 
speakers.  This  session,  the  fourth  of  the  con- 
ference, was  held  in  Horticultural  Hall,  on 
Broad  street,  one  of  the  most  elaborately  beau- 
tiful of  the  many  beautiful  buildings  of  the 
city.  The  hall  was  well  filled  with  an  au- 
dience of  over  800  persons,  when  at  about 
eight  o'clock  the  meeting  was  called  to  order 
by  President  Brett,  who  in  a  few  effective 


words  set  forth  the  purpose  of  the  meeting  and 
introduced  Mr.  F.  M.  Crunden  as  the  first  speak- 
er of  the  evening.  Mr.  Crunden's  subject  was 
"What  of  the  future  ?"  and  his  address  was  a 
keen  analysis  of  the  changes  in  the  direction  of 
human  progress  effected  during  the  Victorian 
era,  in  which  the  library,  as  part  of  the  educa- 
tional system  has  been  so  positive  a  force,  and 
a  forecast  for  the  years  to  come  of  what  is  pre- 
saged by  the  results  so  far  attained. 

Prof.  Albert  H.  Smyth  followed  Mr.  Crunden 
with  a  masterly  short  address  on  what  good 
reading  means  in  the  upliftment  of  life,  and 
what  the  library  should  be  in  inspiring  a  love 
for  the  literature  of  power,  sadly  needed  in 
these  days  when  we  are  becoming  less  and  less 
a  reading  people,  content  to  read  "  books  about 
books,  or  magazine  articles  on  books  about 
books,  or  newspaper  summaries  of  magazine 
articles  of  books  about  books."  Mr.  Jacob  J. 
Seeds,  chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of 
the  common  councils  of  Philadelphia,  made  a 
stirring  plea  for  the  Free  Library  of  Philadel- 
phia, urging  all  interested  in  its  work  and 
future  to  enlist  actively  in  the  campaign  for  an 
adequate  building  —  a  question  that  is  to  be 
submitted  to  the  voters  of  the  city  in  the  fall. 
W.  E.  Foster,  of  the  Providence  Public  Library, 
spoke  effectively  of  the  educational  work  of  the 
free  library  and  of  the  influence  it  can  wield  in 
equalizing  the  difference  between  the  use  of  the 
literature  of  knowledge  and  the  literature  of 
power.  Melvil  Dewey  followed  with  a  brilliant 
short  address  on  the  library  as  an  educational 
factor,  and  the  necessity,  if  its  educational  pur- 
pose is  to  be  achieved,  of  constant  watchfulness 
over  the  quality  of  the  literature  disseminated 
and  constant  effort  to  raise  the  standard  of 
reading.  In  conclusion  he  called  upon  Dr. 
Pepper,  who  in  a  few  earnest  words  paid  a  sin- 
cere tribute  to  the  work  done  in  Philadelphia 
by  the  Free  Library  and  its  devoted  librarian, 
John  Thomson,  and  urged  the  help  of  all  in 
forwarding  the  work  and  increasing  the  effec- 
tiveness of  the  Free  Library.  The  session  was 
closed  by  President  Brett,  and,  late  though  it 
was,  the  floor  was  promptly  cleared  and  the 
meeting  resolved  itself  into  an  informal  recep- 
tion, at  which  was  proved  again  the  truth  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  adage,  "it  is  never  too  late  to  dance." 

THIRD   DAY. 

The  program  for  Wednesday  divided  the  forces 
of  the  association,  and  introduced  the  novel 
feature  of  simultaneous  section  meetings. 
This  experiment  had  been  looked  forward  to 
with  interest,  as  likely  to  prove  a  solution  of 
some  of  the  difficulties  found  in  handling  a 
large  body  of  people  seeking  information  on 
varied  topics,  and  its  practical  working  was 
highly  successful.  To  be  sure,  it  awakened 
general  regret  that  individuals  as  well  as  pro- 
grams, were  not  divisible,  and  that  it  was  neces- 
sary to  lose  one  thing  to  gain  another,  but  it 
permitted  the  consideration  of  a  variety  of  sub- 
jects possible  in  no  other  way.  There  were 
two  simultaneous  sessions,  one  devoted  to 
"College  and  reference  library  work,"  the 
other  an  "  Elementary  session,"  while  the 


354 


THE  UBRARY  JOURNAL 


[July,  '97 


Trustees'  Section,  which  held  a  separate  and 
well  attended  meeting,  completed  the  quota. 

The  college  and  reference  section  was  con- 
ducted by  Mr.  Fletcher,  and  was  called  to  order 
at  9:30  in  one  of  the  class-rooms  of  the  institute. 
In  his  opening  remarks  Mr.  Fletcher  empha- 
sized the  need  of  establishing  this  section  on  a 
firm  and  lasting  basis,  arranging  for  its  di- 
rection and  for  its  representation  at  future  con- 
ferences, and  to  this  end  a  committee  on  organ- 
ization was  appointed,  consisting  of  Willard 
Austin,  Miss  Olive  Jones,  and  C.  W.  Andrews. 
"  The  government  and  control  of  college  libra- 
ries "  was  made  the  subject  of  an  informal 
talk  by  G.  W.  Harris,  of  Cornell  University, 
who  noted  the  special  points  to  be  observed  in 
the  management  of  these  libraries,  as  distin- 
guished from  free  public  libraries.  In  the  ab- 
sence of  Mr.  A.  C.  Potter,  of  Harvard,  his 
paper  on  the  "  Selection  of  books  for  a  college 
library  "was  read  by  D.  Lansing  Collins,  of 
Princeton.  It  was  an  effective  presentment  of 
the  difficulties  that  beset  the  college  librarian  in 
keeping  pace  with  the  hobbies  of  his  professors, 
and  it  gave  clear  and  practical  suggestions  of 
means  by  which  these  difficulties  might  be 
minimized.  There  was  no  lack  of  general  and 
brisk  discussion,  and  the  subject  proved  thor- 
oughly interesting.  C.  A.  Nelson,  of  Colum- 
bia, followed  with  a  description  of  "  A  bit  of 
classification,"  being  the  treatment  of  Harvardi- 
ana  by  the  Harvard  Club  of  New  York,  which 
also  provoked  a  cross-fire  of  question  and  sug- 
gestion. "  College  instruction  in  bibliography  " 
was  to  have  been  presented  by  H.  L.  Koopman, 
of  Brown  University,  whose  notes  on  the  sub- 
ject were,  in  his  absence,  read  by  Mr.  Fletcher. 
Mr.  Koopman  outlined  the  course  of  instruc- 
tion given  by  him  for  the  last  two  years, 
which  will  be  somewhat  amplified  next  term. 
Its  purpose  has  been,  not  to  fit  students  for 
library  work,  but  to  give  them  a  working 
knowledge  of  books  and  libraries,  and  thus 
equip  them  more  thoroughly  for  business  or 
professional  life.  The  meeting  was  character- 
ized throughout  by  animated  discussion  and 
continued  interest,  and  the  practical  suggestions 
made  and  received  were  thoroughly  appreci- 
ated. 

Of  the  elementary  session  the  same  statement 
as  to  animation  and  interest  holds  good.  This 
meeting,  which  was  held  in  the  library  of 
the  institute,  began  with  about  35  present  and 
closed  with  an  audience  of  well-nigh  100.  The 
modus  operandi  was  quite  informal,  and  the  con- 
versational atmosphere  soon  broke  down  shy- 
ness or  reserve,  and  produced  a  frequent  cross- 
fire of  question,  answer,  and  debate.  The  session 
was  conducted  by  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire  and  Miss  East- 
man, and  the  first  subjects  presented  were 
"Cataloging  and  classification,"  introduced  by 
Dr.  Wire  in  a  brief,  crisp  talk  that  brought  the 
point  of  view  of  the  reader  effectively  before 
the  librarians.  As  little  machinery  as  possible, 
common  sense  even  to  the  extent  of  heresy, 
printed  catalogs  instead  of  cards,  and  diction- 
ary catalogs  instead  of  classed  lists  were  some 
of  the  points  brought  up  and  argued  with  ani- 
mation. In  the  discussion  as  to  dictionary  and 


classed  lists  a  vote  of  preference  was  taken, 
showing  that  32  used  the  former  and  12  the  lat- 
ter form.  The  discussion  was,  of  course,  large- 
ly technical,  and  to  the  lay  mind  necessarily 
cryptic;  the  300*8,  6oo's,  and  other  mystic  sym- 
bols of  D.  C.  and  E.  C.  were  tossed  back  and 
forth,  and  there  was  no  lack  of  "thoughts 
that  voluntary  moved  harmonious  numbers." 
"Charging  systems"  were  described  by  Miss 
Helen  Sheldon,  of  the  Drexel  Institute,  who 
gave  clear  instructions  in  the  essentials  of  the 
several  methods  used.  Miss  Eleanor  B.  Wood- 
ruff, of  the  Pratt  Institute,  read  a  paper  on 
"  Reference  work,"  giving  a  summary  of  the 
tools  most  necessary  to  the  reference  librarian, 
and  noting  the  various  ways  in  which  it  is  pos- 
sible to  help  people  to  help  themselves  to  the 
resources  of  a  library.  This  evoked  a  discus- 
sion as  to  how  far  the  reference  librarian  should 
go  in  helping  people  over  prize  puzzles  or  "  miss- 
ing word "  contests,  and  the  general  opinion 
seemed  to  be  that  this  was  outside  the  province 
of  the  library,  and  that  the  best  course  was  to 
supply  such  inquirers  with  half  a  dozen  books 
and  leave  them  to  work  out  their  own  salva- 
tion. It  is  impossible  in  a  brief  abstract  to  con- 
vey a  fair  idea  of  the  variety  of  topics  and  of 
points  of  view  presented  at  this  session,  but  in 
its  arrangement,  practicality  and  animation, 
it  reflected  high  credit  on  those  in  charge  of  it. 
The  Trustees'  Section  meeting  was  called  to 
order  in  the  auditorium  of  the  institute  at  10 
a.m.,  by  G.  A.  Macbeth,  trustee  of  the  Pitts- 
burgh Carnegie  Library  and  chairman  of  the 
section.  About  15  trustees  were  present,  be- 
sides the  president  and  secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A. , 
Dr.  Billings,  Mr.  Crunden,  Mr.  Dewey,  Mr. 
Larned,  and  others.  The  present  rather  shadowy 
basis  of  the  section  was  briefly  outlined  by  the 
chairman,  who  suggested  that  the  section  be  au- 
thorized to  reorganize  for  some  special  purpose, 
preferably  to  support  and  aid  the  Publishing 
Section.  The  suggestion  was  approved  by  Mr. 
Soule,  and  Mr.  Fletcher  then  concisely  described 
the  work  and  needs  of  the  Publishing  Section. 
Considerable  discussion  followed,  and  it  was 
decided  to  call  a  special  meeting  of  trustees  in 
New  York  during  the  winter  to  consider  further 
the  reorganization  of  the  section.  A  committee 
consisting  of  Mr.  Soule,  Mr.  Smith,  and  Mr. 
Glenn  was  appointed  to  report  a  plan  of  action, 
and  the  section  adjourned  to  meet  at  two  o'clock 
the  following  afternoon  at  the  Aldine  Hotel. 

Wednesday  afternoon  and  evening  were  de- 
voted wholly  to  enjoyment  of  the  hospitality  so 
cordially  offered  by  Philadelphia  hosts.  The 
first  part  of  this  social  program  consisted  of  a 
three  hours'  drive  through  Fairmount  park  and 
along  the  Wissahickon,  followed  by  a  reception 
at  the  beautiful  residence  of  Mr.  J.  C.  Straw- 
bridge,  where  the  visitors  were  cordially  wel- 
comed and  where  the  group  photograph  was 
taken,  which  is  reproduced  as  frontispiece  to 
this  issue.*  The  weather  was  perfect,  as  were 
the  arrangements  of  the  local  committee,  and  to 


*  Copies  of  this  photograph  may  be  had  at  $i  each  by 
applying  to  Herbert  Hoffman,  914  Arch  street,  Philadel- 


phia. 


'97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


355 


all  who  participated  in  it  that  afternoon  will  long 
remain  a  delightful  memory.  For  the  evening 
a  concert  and  reception  at  Drexel  Institute  had 
been  planned,  which  proved  a  wholly  enjoyable 
finish  to  a  day  of  much  work  and  much  pleasure. 
The  concert,  with  the  organ  music  by  Mr.  J.  M. 
Dickinson,  was  something  to  be  long  remem- 
bered, and  the  reception  in  the  beautiful  en- 
trance hall,  followed  by  dancing  on  the  tiled 
floor,  was  as  delightful  as  it  was  artistically 
charming. 

FOURTH   DAY. 

Thursday  morning's  session  was  called  to 
order  by  President  Brett  at  nine  o'clock.  The 
first  matters  considered  were  the  presentation  of 
some  belated  reports,  received  after  the  open- 
ing session  on  Monday.  The  treasurer's  re- 
port, covering  the  period  from  Sept.  i,  1896,  to 
June  i,  1897,  was  read  by  Miss  Browne.  It 
showed  expenditures  of  $1744.17,  and  a  balance 
in  the  treasury  of  $1102.20  ;  138  new  members 
had  been  added  to  the  list,  101  had  resigned, 
and  the  total  paid  membership  was  stated  as 
434,  which,  however,  owing  to  the  early  date  of 
the  present  meeting,  is  hardly  a  fair  estimate. 
The  necrology  included  one  member,  Miss  Mary 
J.  Doolittle,  librarian  of  the  Williams  Free  Li- 
brary, of  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.  The  report  was 
accepted  and  referred  to  the  finance  committee 
for  audit.  The  report  of  the  finance  committee, 
presented  by  Mr.  Foster,  was  also  accepted. 

The  subject  of  the  place  of  next  meeting  was 
then  introduced.  The  invitation  to  Jamestown, 
or  Chautauqua,  first  presented  at  the  Denver 
Conference  by  Miss  Hazeltine,  was  brought  up, 
but  in  the  absence  of  Miss  Hazeltine  its  consid- 
eration was  deferred.  Miss  Anne  Wallace  then 
presented  an  invitation  from  the  mayor  and  au- 
thorities of  Atlanta,  and  urged  the  claims  of  the 
southern  city,  both  as  a  centre  for  needed  li- 
brary missionary  work  in  the  south,  and  as 
a  delightful  meeting-place  otherwise,  in  such 
eloquent  and  winning  fashion  that  had  a  vote 
been  then  taken  upon  the  question  there  is  little 
doubt  the  meeting  would  have  stampeded  for 
Atlanta.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Devvey,  however, 
further  discussion  of  the  subject  was  deferred 
until  the  afternoon.  The  election  of  officers, 
which  had  been  given  a  first  place  on  the  morn- 
ing's program,  was  also  postponed  on  motion 
of  Mr.  Dewey  until  the  afternoon,  announce- 
ment being  made  that  the  polls  would  be  open 
for  voting  from  12  to  three  o'clock. 

"The  proposed  building  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library  "  was  then  described  by  Dr.  J. 
S.  Billings,  who  illustrated  his  remarks  with 
plans  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library,  the  New- 
berry  Library,  and  the  Congressional  Library, 
and  by  a  blackboard  sketch  of  the  proposed 
plans  for  the  New  York  building.  As  these 
plans  have  already  been  fully  described  and 
illustrated  in  the  L.  j.  (June,  p.  296-301),  it  is 
unnecessary  to  comment  upon  them  in  detail; 
they  were  received  with  interest  and  close  at- 
tention and  became  the  subject  of  a  discussion 
participated  in  by  Mr.  Larned,  Mr.  Richardson, 
Mr.  Dewey,  Dr.  Steiner,  Dr.  Hosmer,  Mr. 
Green,  and  Mr.  Stevens,  in  which  the  general 
scheme  outlined  by  Dr.  Billings  received  hearty 


approval.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Elmendorf,  a  com- 
mittee of  three  was  appointed  to  prepare  reso- 
lutions approving  the  general  plans  for  the  New 
York  Public  Library  building  as  submitted  by 
Dr.  Billings. 

The  subject  of  "The  policy  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
with  regard  to  reincorporation "  was  then  an- 
nounced for  discussion  by  President  Brett. 
This  had  been  looked  forward  to  as  likely  to  be 
the  most  important  business  of  this  year's  con- 
ference, but  there  did  not  seem  to  be  unanimity 
of  feeling  as  to  its  timeliness,  and  results  were 
not  what  had  been  expected.  Mr.  Dewey 
opened  the  discussion  with  a  brief  statement  of 
the  facts  leading  up  to  the  proposal  of  reincor- 
poration, and  suggested  that  the  association 
authorize  the  executive  board,  when  it  should 
seem  expedient  to  them,  to  take  steps  toward 
such  reincorporation.  There  was  no  general 
discussion,  but  on  motion  of  Mr.  Larned  the 
matter  was  postponed  until  a  more  opportune 
time. 

After  a  few  moments  devoted  to  business  re- 
garding nominations  of  officers,  the  report  of 
the  committee  on  travelling  libraries  was  pre- 
sented by  John  Thomson,  chairman,  who  gave 
a  most  interesting  review  of  the  needed  work 
being  done  by  this  system,  not  only  in  outlying 
country  communities  but  in  those  parts  of  cities 
that  the  public  library  cannot  reach.  The  trav- 
elling library,  rightly  considered,  is  not  an  end, 
but  a  means,  an  instrument  to  teach  people  the 
value  of  good  books;  and  in  country  places  where 
the  travelling  library  obtains  a  good  foothold  it 
will  not  be  long  before  its  work  will  be  taken  up 
by  a  small  public  library.  In  the  absence  of 
Mr.  F.  A.  Hutchins  his  paper  on  "Travelling 
libraries  "  was  read  by  title,  and  the  meeting 
adjourned,  to  reassemble  at  two  o'clock. 

The  afternoon  session  was  opened  promptly, 
for  it  had  been  decided  to  crowd  into  this  meet- 
ing as  much  of  the  evening's  program  as  prac- 
ticable, and  to  devote  the  evening  to  pleasure 
instead  of  to  business. 

The  report  of  the  committee  on  foreign  docu- 
ments was  presented  by  C.  W.  Andrews,  in  the 
absence  of  the  chairman,  Mr.  Gould;  it  reported 
progress  and  stated  that  work  was  well  ad- 
vanced upon  a  card  list  of  the  serial  publications 
of  the  French  government.  The  report  of  the 
auditing  committee  was  presented  by  Mr.  Fos- 
ter, who  also  reported  that  the  council  had 
voted  to  authorize  the  trustees  of  the  endow- 
ment fund  "  to  apply  such  portion  of  the  inter- 
est of  the  fund  as  might  be  necessary  to  the 
extinguishment  of  the  notes  of  the  Publishing 
Section  now  held." 

"  The  librarian  and  the  importer,"  by  Ernst 
Lemcke,  was  the  first  paper  in  order.  It  was  a 
careful  and  valuable  analysis  of  the  business 
of  the  importer  in  all  its  branches,  and  especial- 
ly as  connected  with  the  purchase  of  books  for 
libraries. 

This  was  followed  by  the  reports  of  several 
committees.  The  report  of  the  Trustees' 
Section  was  made  by  Mr.  Macbeth,  who  briefly 
stated  what  had  been  done  at  the  first  meeting 
and  said  that  at  the  second  meeting  of  the 
section  the  Hon.  T.  Guilford  Smith,  of  Buffalo, 


356 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


had  been  elected  chairman  of  the  section,  with 
authority  to  appoint  an  executive  committee  of 
from  three  to  five  persons;  and  that  it  had  been 
decided  to  hold  a  meeting  of  trustees  in  New 
York  City  during  the  coming  winter.  The  re- 
port of  the  committee  on  co-operation  with  the 
library  department  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  Mr.  Dana,  chairman,  was  made  verbal- 
ly by  Miss  Ahern,  who  reported  progress,  and 
said  that  arrangements  had  been  made  for  giv- 
ing library  matters  a  place  on  the  program  of 
the  N.  E.  A.  meeting  to  be  held  in  Milwaukee 
in  July.  Mr.  Dudley  in  his  report  for  the  com- 
mittee on  library  editions  of  popular  books, 
suggested  that  a  new  committee  be  named  with 
a  chairman  living  in  New  York  City  and  with 
members  living  more  nearly  together  than  in 
the  previous  committee,  and  moved  that  the 
members  of  the  association  prepare  and  send 
to  the  committee  a  list  of  popular  books  not 
procurable  in  good  editions.  The  report  was 
accepted  and  the  motion  adopted.  On  motion 
of  Mr.  Austin  it  was  voted  that  the  A.  L.  A. 
appropriate  $500  for  the  use  of  the  Publishing 
Section,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  council, 
and  on  motion  of  Mr.  Larned  the  publication 
by  the  Publishing  Section  of  the  supplement  to 
the  A.  L.  A.  catalog,  when  finally  revised,  was 
approved. 

The  place  of  next  meeting  was  then  again 
brought  up,  and  the  claims  of  Chautauqua  Lake 
were  most  effectively  urged  by  Miss  Hazeltine. 
A  lively  cross-fire  between  the  supporters  of 
Atlanta  and  the  advocates  of  Chautauqua  fol- 
lowed, but  Mr.  Dewey's  strong  presentation  of 
the  need  of  meeting  in  a  rural  resort  after  three 
years  of  city  conferences,  carried  the  day,  and 
a  rising  vote  showed  70  for  Chautauqua  Lake 
and  53  for  Atlanta. 

The  next  subject  was  "  Methods  of  children's 
library  work  as  determined  by  the  needs  of 
the  children,"  and  this  was  considered  in 
two  papers,  the  first,  by  Rev.  Edwin  M.  Fair- 
child,  of  Troy,  being  a  comprehensive  study 
of  the  psychology  of  child-nature,  urging  syste- 
matic method  and  trained  skill  as  the  prime 
necessities  in  directing  children's  reading.  Mr. 
Fairchild  advocated  separate  children's  library 
buildings,  and  presented  a  suggestive  plan 
showing  the  arrangement  desired.  The  second 
paper,  by  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  of  the  Plain- 
field  (N.  J.)  Public  Library,  emphasized  the  sym- 
pathetic personal  aid  of  librarian  or  attendant  as 
the  key  to  the  whole  situation,  and  urged  close 
relations  between  school  and  library  as  one  of 
the  most  effective  means  of  helping  in  the  work 
with  the  children. 

The  results  of  the  election  of  officers  for 
1897-8  were  then  announced,  as  follows  : 
President,  Justin  Winsor  ;  Secretary,  Melvil 
Dewey;  Treasurer,  Gardner  M.  Jones;  Recorder, 
Helen  E.  Haines  ;  Vice-presidents:  Rutherford 
P.  Hayes,  Hannah  P.  James,  F.  M.  Crunden  ; 
A.  Z.  A.  Council:  R.  R.  Bowker,  C.  A.  Cutter, 
W.  I.  Fletcher,  W.  E.  Foster.  Trustee  of  en- 
dowment fund :  G.  W.  Williams. 

Adjournment  was  then  taken  until  Friday 
morning,  Thursday  evening  being  devoted  to  a 
trolley  ride  to  Willow  Grove  Park,  where  the 
Damrosch  orchestra  was  enjoyed,  and  where,  it 


is  rumored,  even  those  high  and  mighty  in  the 
A.  L.  A.  succumbed  to  the  fascination  of  the 
"chutes,"  the  "  biograph,"  and  similar  friv- 
olities. 

FIFTH    DAY. 

Friday  morning  opened  with  a  continuation 
of  the  double 'program  of  Wednesday.  The 
college  and  reference  section,  conducted  by  Mr. 
Richardson,  of  Princeton,  was  called  to  order 
at  nine  o'clock,  when  "The  survival  of  the 
fittest  among  books  "  was  considered  by  Mr. 
Richardson,  in  a  most  interesting  talk.  The 
qualities,  apart  from  moral  fitness,  that  tend  to 
preserve  books  were  thought  to  be  vitality  of 
idea,  and  beauty  of  style,  but  coincident  with 
these  must  be  material  conditions  favorable  to 
the  preservation  of  the  book  as  a  material  ob- 
ject. The  "  Index  prospects  and  possibilities  " 
of  the  near  future  were  outlined  by  Mr.  Fletcher 
in  a  crisp  and  informal  manner,  and  the  "  Lon- 
don international  conference  on  a  catalog  of 
scientific  literature  "  was  described  by  Dr.  Adler, 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  "  Co-operative 
printing  of  analytical  reference  lists  "  was  made 
the  subject  of  a  viva  voce  symposium,  participated 
in  by  Dr.  Billings,  G.  H.  Baker,  C.  W.  Andrews, 
and  Miss  Nina  E.  Browne,  all  of  whom 
spoke  from  practical  personal  experience.  "  The 
care  of  manuscripts  "  was  explained  by  Herbert 
Friedenwald,  of  Philadelphia,  and  "The  care 
of  special  collections  "  was  the  subject  of  a  most 
suggestive  and  interesting  paper  by  Wilberforce 
Eames,  of  the  Lenox  Library.  The  report  of 
the  committee  on  organization  of  the  College 
Section,  read  by  Mr.  Fletcher,  recommended 
that  a  committee  of  three,  Messrs.  Richardson, 
Harris,  and  Foster,  be  appointed  to  provide  a 
program  for  the  next  conference,  and  to  arrange 
for  the  representation  of  the  section  at  that  con- 
ference, and  stated  that  the  present  term  for 
the  field  covered  by  the  section,  *'.£.,  college  and 
reference  library  work,  could  not,  in  their 
opinion,  be  improved. 

The  second  session  of  the  elementary  sec- 
tion was  conducted  by  Miss  Linda  A.  Eastman. 
It  opened  with  a  paper  on  "  Librarian's  aids," 
by  Miss  Virginia  Dodge,  of  the  Cedar  Rapids 
(la.)  Public  Library,  who  pointed  out  the  aid 
that  should  come  to  the  librarian  through  trus- 
tees, assistants,  and  associations,  as  well  as 
through  reference  books  and  technical  publica- 
tions. "  Library  advertising"  was  presented  by 
Miss  Hazeltine  in  a  delightful  talk.  Bulletins, 
posters,  "-fexhibits,  newspaper  notes,  and  lists, 
and  special  library  "days  "  on  special  subjects, 
as  "catalog  day,"  "magazine  day,"  "travel 
day,"  were  among  the  methods  used  and  sug- 
gested for  awakening  and  maintaining  public 
interest  in  the  library,  and  the  moral  of  the 
matter  was  presented  in  the  mystic  maxim, 
"  s,  e,  a,  i,  and  w,"  —  "  stick  everlastingly  at  it 
and  win."  An  animated  advertising  discussion 
followed,  in  which  methods  adopted  in  Cleve- 
land were  described  by  Miss  Eastman,  and  sug- 
gestions as  to  the  use  of  linotype  lists  were 
made  by  Mr.  Wright,  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  In 
response  to  questions,  Miss  Eastman  gave  a 
most  interesting  account  of  the  Children's  Li- 
brary League,  recently  formed  at  Cleveland, 


'97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


357 


which  promises  to  successfully  solve  many  of 
the  difficulties  met  with  in  library  work  with 
children. 

"  Book  selection  "  was  the  subject  of  a  paper 
by  Miss  Elizabeth  P.  Andrews,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library,  and  the  session  was  closed  by 
Miss  Eastman  with  a  short,  earnest  presenta- 
tion of  the  "  aims  and  personal  attitude  toward 
the  work  "  that  must  animate  the  librarian  or 
assistant  whose  work  is  to  be  more  than  a  me- 
chanical routine. 

The  divided  forces  of  the  association  joined 
again  just  before  noon  in  the  auditorium,  when 
the  final  general  session  of  the  conference  was 
opened  by  the  report  of  the  committee  on  the 
New  York  Public  Library  plans.  A  resolution 
was  offered  expressing  the  hearty  approval  by 
the  A.  L.  A.  of  the  methods  adopted  by  those  in 
charge  of  the  plans  for  that  building,  both  as  to 
general  requirements  and  as  to  manner  of  com- 
pletion; it  was  accepted  by  a  rising  vote.  Dr. 
Hillings  offered  a  resolution,  which  was  adopted, 
by  which  the  association  recognized  with  ap- 
preciation the  modification  of  the  provisions  of 
the  tariff  bill,  in  the  senate,  in  accordance  with 
the  recommendations  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  and  urged 
that  the  position  thus  taken  be  maintained  in 
the  committee  on  conference  on  that  bill;  and  a 
resolution,  offered  by  Mr.  Fletcher,  expressing 
the  cordial  recognition,  by  the  A.  L.  A.,  of  the 
work  done  by  Mr.  F.  A.  Crandall  in  the  admin- 
istration of  the  office  of  public  documents,  was 
also  passed.  Mr.  Fletcher  then  presented,  on 
behalf  of  a  committee  of  the  New  England  state 
library  associations,  a  tentative  form  of  a  circu- 
lar, urging  upon  publishers  reforms  as  to  pub- 
lication of  title-pages  and  indexes,  etc.,  and  re- 
quested that  the  matter  be  continued  in  the 
hands  of  an  A.  L.  A.  committee,  which  should 
be  given  power  to  act.  The  suggestion  was 
adopted.  Three  resolutions  presented  by  Mr. 
Dewey  were  adopted,  as  follows:  (i)  pledging 
the  hearty  support  of  the  A.  L.  A.  to  the  .li- 
brary department  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  and  appoint- 
ing as  official  delegates  to  the  coming  confer- 
ence of  the  latter  body  W.  H.  Brett,  Mrs. 
Theresa  West  Elmendorf,  and  W.  R.  Eastman, 
with  any  other  members  able  to  attend;  (2)  ex- 
tending the  thanks  of  the  association  to  the  au- 
thorities of  Atlanta,  and  regretting  that  accept- 
ance of  their  invitation  must  be  deferred  another 
year;  and  (3)  amending  the  constitution  by  in- 
creasing the  number  of  councillors  at  large  from 
20  to  25,  and  giving  place  on  the  council,  in  ad- 
dition, to  one  or  more  representatives  from  every 
state  or  local  library  association. 

The  subject  of  "The  development  of  the 
subscription  into  the  free  library "  was  then 
briefly  discussed  by  E.  S.  Willcox,  of  Peoria,  F. 
M.  Crunden,  and  J.  N.  Lamed,  but  lack  of  time 
made  it  impossible  to  consider  the  topic  as  fully 
as  its  importance  deserved,  while  the  contribu- 
tion to  this  symposium  received  from  Mr.  Beer, 
of  the  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library,  of  New 
Orleans,  was  in  his  absence  passed  over.  The 
last  paper  on  the  program  was  "  The  literature 
of  libraries,"  by  F.  J.  Teggart,  of  Leland  Stan- 
ford University,  and  this  also,  in  the  author's 
absence,  was  read  by  title  only.  A  discussion 
of  work  with  children,  based  upon  the  papers 


read  at  Thursday's  last  session,  followed,  led 
by  Mr.  Fairchild,  in  which  the  wisdom  of  sepa- 
rating children  wholly  from  adults  by  means 
of  distinct  buildings,  was  debated.  The  report 
of  the  committee  on  resolutions,  extending  the 
hearty  thanks  of  the  association  to  the  many 
friends  whose  hospitality  had  been  so  cordially 
given,  was  then  adopted  by  a  rising  vote,  and 
the  business  of  the  conference  was  declared  at 
an  end,  a  recess  being  taken  until  July  i,  when 
final  adjournment  was  had. 

Promptly  with  the  conclusion  of  business  came 
the  scattering  of  the  clans.  Some  of  the  Euro- 
pean party  and  others  homeward  bound  departed 
early  in  the  afternoon  ;  the  majority  left  by  the 
7: 43  train  for  Boston,  and  by  Friday  evening  but 
a  few  score  remained  of  the  300  and  more  whose 
names  had  been  listed  in  the  register  within  the 
four  days  past.  Friday  afternoon  was  given  up 
by  most  of  those  remaining  to  a  visit  to  the 
Masonic  temple,  a  tour  through  the  J.  B.  Lip- 
pincott  establishment,  and  an  inspection  of  the 
poster  exhibit  held  at  Strawbridge  &  Clothier's. 
The  sightseeing  tours  still  continued  during 
Saturday  morning,  and  even  then  it  was  with 
regret  for  the  many  places  left  unvisited  that  the 
American  post-conference  party  assembled  at 
noon  on  Saturday  in  the  Broad  street  station, 
bound  for  the  Delaware  Water  Gap. 

DELAWARE   WATER   GAP. 

The  American  post-conference  plays  so  small 
a  part  in  the  record  of  this  international  confer- 
ence year  that  comment  upon  it  here  is  hardly 
needed,  yet  a  word  as  to  its  pleasures  may  not 
be  out  of  place.  The  trip  was  taken  by  24  per- 
sons, and  for  most  of  them  it  lasted  for  only 
four  days,  but  those  days  were  full  of  unal- 
loyed enjoyment,  and  the  pure  air,  quiet  and 
beauty  of  the  Water  Gap  brought  rest  and 
refreshment  to  minds  and  bodies  tired  out  by 
the  rush  and  excitement  of  conference  week. 
The  Kittatinny  House  was  the  pleasantest  of 
headquarters,  and  the  beautiful  drives  through 
a  beautiful  country,  the  mountain  scrambles, 
and  the  steamboat  trips  about  the  river  will  be 
long  remembered  by  those  who  enjoyed  them 
as  the  delightful  finish  of  a  most  delightful 
conference.  H.  E.  H. 


State  Cibrarjj  <E0mmie0ion8. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

"  CONNECTICUT  public  library  document  no.  2, 
1897,"  which  is  the  report  of  the  Connecticut 
Public  Library  Committee  for  1895  and  1896, 
has  recently  been  issued.  It  is  an  excellent 
piece  of  work,  detailed  and  comprehensive  in 
its  summary  of  work  accomplished  in  develop- 
ing libraries  in  the  state,  and  useful  to  small  li- 
braries generally  in  the  practical  suggestions 
and  the  several  lists  of  books  recommended. 
An  interesting  feature  is  a  map  of  the  state,  in- 
dicating by  colors  towns  possessing  free  public 
libraries  organized  under  the  law  of  1893  and 
free  public  libraries  otherwise  organized.  The 
library  statistics- show,  briefly,  that  42  towns  or 


358 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


municipalities  have  free  libraries  owned  and 
controlled  by  the  town;  24  towns  have  free  li- 
braries unconnected  with  the  town;  7  towns 
have  free  libraries  for  which  the  town  appro- 
priates money  but  is  not  represented  in  the 
management;  and  95  towns  have  no  free  public 
library.  Of  these  95,  however,  45  have  sub- 
scription libraries  of  some  sort,  leaving  50  towns 
without  libraries.  Since  the  passage  of  the  li- 
brary law  in  1893,  38  libraries  have  been  estab- 
lished, the  state  has  paid  $5628.90  for  books, 
and  about  6000  books  have  been  sent  to  these 
libraries.  The  entire  experience  of  the  state 
committee  shows  with  yearly  increasing  em- 
phasis the  importance  of  the  work,  the  need  and 
appreciation  of  libraries  that  is  found  in  al- 
most all  communities,  and  the  influence  that 
the  libraries  can  exert  as  centres  of  intellectual 
life  for  the  people. 

The  usual  tabulated  statistical  "  report  of  li- 
braries" for  1 895 -'96  covers  pages  16-43  of  the 
report,  and  is  followed  by  hints  for  the  conduct 
of  school  libraries  and  capital  practical  "Sug- 
gestions for  the  smallest  libraries,"  by  Miss 
Hewins,  who  appends  excellent  classed  lists  of 
the  books  of  1895  and  1896  that  the  committee 
recommend  for  town  and  village  libraries,  and  of 
about  300  books  suggested  "  for  the  beginnings 
of  libraries."  The  department  of  "  Histories  of 
libraries"  follows,  arranged  alphabetically  by 
towns  and  illustrated  by  many  excellent  views  of 
exteriors  and  interiors.  Immediately  after  this 
department  is  a  series  of  five  suggestive  designs 
for  library  buildings  furnished  by  Hartwell, 
Richardson  &  Driver,  of  Boston,  and  varying 
in  cost  from  $3600  in  wood  to  $26,000  in  stone, 
which  should  be  of  general  interest  and  useful- 
ness. Detailed  tabulated  statistics  of  college 
libraries,  district  libraries,  high  school  libraries, 
and  Y.  M.  C.  A.  libraries,  a  list  of  library  di- 
rectors, and  a  good  index  complete  a  report 
that  deserves  high  praise  for  its  thoroughness, 
practicality,  and  usefulness. 

MASSACHUSETTS   STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :    Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

BULLETIN  no.  2  of  the  New  Hampshire  Li- 
brary Commission,  dated  Dec.  31,  1896,  has  re- 
cently been  published.  It  is  chiefly  devoted  to 
a  classed  list  of  books  suggested  for  the  consid- 
eration of  library  trustees,  giving  date,  publish- 
er, and  list  price,  and  designating  books  that  are 
written  by  New  Hampshire  authors,  books  ol 
special  interest  to  young  people,  and  children's 
books.  The  notes  appended  to  the  list  give 
suggestions  as  to  special  purchases,  and  point 
out  desirable  methods  of  library  administration. 
New  Hampshire  libraries  possessing  special 
features  are  also  listed  under  illustrative  head- 
ings, such  as  "agencies  maintained,"  "  have  a 
card  catalog,"  "  systematic  school-work,"  "  no 
age  limit  to  children,"  "magazines  circulated,' 
etc.  There  is  no  name  listed  under  the  head- 
ing "access  to  shelves."  The  rest  of  the 
report  is  given  up  to  Miss  Steam's  paper  on 
"Advertising  a  library,"  reprinted  from  the 
conference  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


NEW  YORK  :  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION,  State 

University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 
OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 

secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 
VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :    Miss  M.  L. 

Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 
WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION:  F.  A.  Hutchins, 

secretary,  Madison,  Wis. 

THE  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission 
held  a  meeting  at  Madison  during  the  week 
ending  June  12,  at  which  it  was  decided  to  hold 
several  meetings  during  the  fall  and  winter  in 
different  parts  of  the  state.  At  these  meetings 
the  relation  of  the  library  to  schools  and  plans 
for  library  work  will  be  discussed. 


I! ib r urn  Schools  two  training  Classes. 


ARMOUR  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  CLASS. 

THE  graduation  exercises  of  the  Armour  In- 
stitute library  class  took  place  June  17,  with 
those  of  the  other  departments.  The  com- 
mencement address  was  delivered  by  President 
Daniel  C.  Oilman,  of  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity. 

All  of  the  graduates  have  been  successful  in 
securing  library  positions.  17  completed  the 
first  year  course,  the  majority  of  whom  expect 
to  continue  their  studies  at  the  state  library 
school  at  the  University  of  Illinois. 

MARGARET  MANN. 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

THE  graduating  exercises  of  the  institute 
were  held  on  June  14  in  the  auditorium.  13 
students  of  the  library  school  received  certifi- 
cates: May  Bailey,  Mary  E.  Bechtel,  Julia  W. 
Blandy,  Florence  M.  Eilbeck,  Aida  T.  Evans, 
Laura  E.  Hanson,  Lucia  T.  Henderson,  Lucy 
W.  Mitchell,  Harriet  A.  Mumford,  Susan  W. 
Randall,  Anna  T.  Thurston,  Mary  Askell  Up- 
ton, Lydia  Weston. 

Miss  Lydia  Weston,  of  the  class  of '97,  has  ac- 
cepted a  position  as  librarian  of  the  Free  Libra- 
ry in  Burlington,  N.  J. 

Miss  Lucy  W.  Mitchell,  of  the  class  of  '97,  has 
gone  to  the  Osterhout  Library,  Wilkesbarre, 
as  assistant. 

Miss  May  Z.  Cruice,  of  the  class  of  '96,  has 
been  engaged  to  re-arrange  the' library  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society  in  Philadelphia. 

Miss  Alice  S.  Griswold,  of  the  class  of  '96, 
has  been  appointed  on  the  cataloging  staff  of 
the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia. 

Applications  for  admission  to  the  school  for 
the  coming  year  have  been  more  numerous 
than  ever  before. 

PRA  TJ  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

THE  school  closed  June  18,  the  institute  com- 
mencement day.  The  graduates  were: 

Second  year  class:  Laura  M.  Carleton,  Mildred 
A.  Collar,  Edith  M.  Pomeroy. 

First  year  class:  Mary  C.  Brooks,  Frederick 
C.  Bursch,  Grace  A.  Child,  Jeanette  W.  Dailey, 
Annie  Dennis,  Minnie  A.  Dill,  Joel  N.  Eno, 
Irene  A.  Hackett,  Frances  B.  Hawley,  Mrs. 
Edith  Humphrey,  Mary  Merwin  Melcher, 


July,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


359 


Flora  R.  Petrie,  Helen  L.  Plummer,  Alma  M. 
Russell,  Enid  M.  Saunders,  Mary  V.  Titus, 
Edith  Tobitt,  Charlotte  E.  Wallace,  Lilian  Wal- 
ton,Margaret  D.  Whitney,  Charles  E.  Wright, 
Margaret  E.  Zimmerman. 

The  class  of  1897  has  the  distinction  of  being 
the  first  class  to  graduate  every  member  who 
entered. 

Several  of  the  class  have  already  obtained 
positions.  Among  them,  Miss  Child  goes  to 
the  Hartford  Public  Library  for  the  summer, 
Miss  Dennis  succeeds  Miss  Minna  L.  Still- 
man  at  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  Library,  New  York  ; 
Miss  Dill  returns  to  the  Decatur  Public  Library 
as  cataloger  ;  Miss  Hackett  is  classifying  and 
cataloging  the  Reform  Club  Library  ;  Mrs. 
Humphrey,  Miss  Melcher,  Miss  Titus  and  Miss 
Walton  are  engaged  for  the  summer  as  catalog- 
ers  at  the  Society  Library,  New  York  ;  Miss 
Helen  Plummer  is  engaged  as  summer  substi- 
tute at  the  Astral  Branch  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Free  Library;  Miss  Tobitt  has  been  added  to 
the  staff  of  Pratt  Institute  Library.  Miss  Pom- 
eroy  has  charge  of  the  order  work  of  that  li- 
brary, and  Miss  Collar  is  to  be  first  cataloger 
for  the  ensuing  year. 


Beinetos. 


CONTRIBUTIONS  towards  a  bibliography  of  the 
higher  education  of  women  ;  compiled  by  a 
committee   of   the  Association  of  Collegiate 
Alumnae.       Boston,     The    Trustees    of    the 
Public    Library,    1897.     7  +  42  p.     (Bibliog- 
raphies of  special  subjects,  no.  8.)     O. 
This   pioneer  bibliography   of  a   subject  of 
much  importance    in  the  evolution  of  modern 
society  was  compiled  under  the  editorial  super- 
vision of    Miss   Mary   Harris   Rollins,  of   the 
Boston    Public    Library,   and   is   divided    into 
eight  general  classes  :  (i)  General  and  histori- 
cal ;  (2)  Higher  education  in  relation  to  health 
(including  physical  education  and  the  question 
of  the   mental   inferiority  of  women);  (3)  Co- 
education ;  (4)  Professional  and  scientific  edu- 
cation —  (a)  Law,  (b)  Medicine,  (c)  The  ministry, 
(d)  Science  ;  (5)  Post-graduate  study;   (6)  Occu- 
pations    and     opportunities     for    college-bred 
women  ;  (7)  Colleges  and  universities    wholly 
or  partly  open  to  women  ;  (8)  Societies  for  the 
education  or  advancement  of  women.     Most  of 
the  works  in  this  bibliography,  which  is  anno- 
tated in   part,  are  found  in    the  Boston  Public 
Library  and   the  shelf  numbers  are  attached, 
or  the  initials  P.  R.,  indicating  that  the  bound 
volumes  of  the  magazine  cited  are  in  the  per- 
iodical room  of  that  library.     An  index  of  au- 
thors is  added. 

A  bibliography  of  the  higher  education  of 
women  has  been  a  "long-felt  want,"  and  the 
sense  of  relief,  and  of  gratitude,  in  the  posses- 
sion of  such  a  useful  compilation,  makes  one 
hesitate  to  criticise  it.  The  word  "  contribu- 
tions" in  the  title  is,  no  doubt,  due  to  the 
editor,  who  says,  in  a  personal  note,  that  she 
believes  the  function  of  this  list  is  "  quite  as 


much  to  find  out  what  we  have  failed  to  dis- 
cover as  to  show  what  we  have  gathered." 
That  the  committee  has  "failed  to  discover" 
important  works  is  true,  though  space  will  per- 
mit the  naming  of  only  a  few.  No  doubt  some 
of  these  omissions  are  due  to  the  phrase 
"higher  education,"  which  is  relative,  indef- 
inite, and  unsatisfactory.  The  "  higher  educa- 
tion "  of  women  a  century  ago  was  radically 
different  from  what  we  know  it  to-day,  and 
works  which  one  person  might  include  in  such  a 
list  another  would  rule  out,  as  dealing  more  or 
less  with  elementary  or  secondary  education. 
From  the  very  beginning  of  the  general  educa- 
tion of  women  (then  always  female  education}, 
when  girls  were  taught  only  to  read,  every  ad- 
vance has  been  resisted,  and  every  advance  was 
"  higher  education." 

But  to  our  consideration  of  the  bibliography. 
On  page  2,  Thomas  Broadhurst  is  credited 
with  an  article  on  "  Female  education"  (Edin- 
burgh Review,  15  :  299)  and  on  page  10,  Sydney 
Smith  is  credited  with  an  article  on  the  same 
subject  (Edinburgh  Re-view,  15  :  273),  with  the 
remark  that  it  is  a  review  of  Thomas  Broad- 
head's  "  Advice  to  young  ladies  on  the  im- 
provement of  the  mind."  Here  is  confusion, 
because  both  entries  refer  to  the  same  article, 
and  both  contain  errors.  There  is  no  article  on 
any  subject  on  page  273,  and  Broadhead  should 
be  Broadhurst.  The  entry  on  page  2  of  the 
bibliography  is,  therefore,  not  only  misleading, 
but  out  of  place.  The  article  referred  to  is 
the  famous  one  of  Sydney  Smith,  which  is  the 
most  splendid  argument  for  the  education  of 
women  that  has  yet  been  written,  and  it  is  a 
review  only  in  name.  The  single  reference  to 
Broadhurst's  work  in  the  essay  is  contained  in 
the  nine  lines  of  the  first  paragraph,  where 
Smith  refers  to  him  as  "a  very  good  sort  of  a 
man,  who  has  not  written  a  very  bad  book  on 
a  very  important  subject." 

John  Amos  Comenius,  Mary  Astell,  the  Mar- 
quise de  Maintenon,  Mary  Wollstonecraft  God- 
win, Frances  Mary  Buss,  and  others,  who  as 
writers  and  educators  contributed  much  to  the 
cause  of  the  advancement  of  the  education  of 
women,  find  no  place  in  this  bibliography. 
Comenius  and  Miss  Buss  are  mentioned  in 
titles,  it  is  true,  but  it  seems  unfortunate 
that  the  arrangement  of  the  bibliography  does 
not  show  something  of  the  character  of  their 
work  ;  that  is  to  say,  it  would  be  an  advantage 
to  have  subject  entries,  in  addition  to  author, 
in  cases  like  Comenius,  Willard,  Buss,  etc. 

Almira  Phelps  (p.  8)  uses  on  the  title  pages 
of  several  of  her  works  the  name  Mrs.  Lincoln 
Phelps.  She  was  a  Miss  Hart,  sister  of  Emma 
Willard.  Mrs.  Phelps  in  "The  educator;  or, 
hours  with  my  pupils,"  N.  Y.,  1876  (omitted 
in  the  bibliography),  gives  a  sketch  of  her  con- 
nection with  the  "  higher  education  "  of  women 
—  at  Troy  Female  Seminary;  Westchester,  Pa.; 
Rahway,  N.  J. ;  and  the  Patapsco  Institute, 
Maryland. 

The  work  of  Hannah  More,  that  had  most  in- 
fluence in  advancing  the  cause  of  woman's  edu- 
cation, is  strangely  omitted  in  this  bibliography. 
"  Coelebs  in  search  of  a  wife  "  is  in  form  a  novel, 


360 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


,  97 


but  in  fact  an  argument  for  the  "  higher  educa- 
tion "of  women.  It  was  immensely  popular  in 
its  day,  passing  through  many  editions  both  in 
England  and  America.  It  contains  all  the  argu- 
ments advanced  in  her  "  Strictures  on  the  mod- 
ern system  of  female  education  "  and  in  "  Hints 
for  forming  the  character  of  a  princess"  (which 
latter  is  not  mentioned  in  the  bibliography), 
and  often  whole  paragraphs  have  been  trans- 
ferred bodily  from  these  works  into  the  mouths 
of  the  characters  in  the  novel. 

The  list  of  "  Colleges  and  universities  wholly 
or  partly  open  to  women  "  is  hard  to  under- 
stand. It  may  be  that  Boston  is  too  far  re- 
moved to  have  received  any  of  the  great  mass 
of  literature  relating  to  the  many  institutions  of 
this  kind.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  a  revised 
edition  of  this  important  and  valuable  biblio- 
graphical contribution  will  be  published  at  no 
distant  day.  S:  H.  R. 


tibrarn  Q:conomn  anb  tjistorii. 


LOCAL. 

Bourne,  Mass.  Jonathan  Bourne  Memorial  L. 
The  Jonathan  Bourne  Memorial  Library  was 
dedicated  on  June  17  with  largely-attended  ex- 
ercises, when  its  presentation  to  the  town  was 
made  by  Miss  Emily  Bourne,  daughter  of  the 
man  to  whom  it  is  a  memorial.  The  building, 
which  is  beautifully  located  on  the  land  bord- 
ering the  Monument  river,  cost  $17,000,  and  it 
will  be  used  as  a  public  library  and  for  the  offices 
of  the  selectmen  of  the  town.  It  is  constructed 
of  buff  brick,  with  foundation  of  granite  and  a 
slate  roof.  The  interior  finish  is  chiefly  of 
antique  oak,  with  floors  of  the  same  wood. 
The  ceilings  are  decorated  with  heavy  oak 
panels,  and  the  walls  are  of  unfinished  buff 
brick.  The  memorial  window,  placed  in  the 
west  end  of  the  leading-room,  was  made  in 
London,  and  cost  $1200.  The  bookcases  are 
of  antique  oak,  as  are  the  tables  and  chairs  in 
the  book  and  reading  rooms  and  selectmen's 
offices.  In  the  basement  of  the  building  is 
located  the  vault  in  which  will  be  kept  the  town 
records  and  all  other  documents  of  value. 
The  building  will  be  heated  by  furnace.  The 
floors  in  the  entrance  and  in  the  hall  are  tiled. 

Bowdoin  Coll.  £.,  Brunswick,  Me.  (Rpt., 
1896-7.)  Added  2090;  total  60,259.  Issued 
8447,  "  a  marked  increase  over  that  of  last  year. 
Only  one  student  failed  to  use  the  library  in 
this  way,  while  rarely  a  week  passes  without 
books  being  sent  to  borrowers  in  different  parts 
of  the  state.  Many  serviceable  volumes  are 
thus  placed  in  the  hands  of  those  who  could 
not  otherwise  obtain  them,  while  the  cost  of 
transportation,  which  is  met  by  the  borrower, 
prevents  alike  trivial  and  excessive  use  of  this 
privilege." 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  L.  (3gth  rpt.,  1896.)  Added 
4168,  of  which  2860  were  bought  at  a  cost  of 
$4165.20 ;  total  128,376.  Issued,  home  use 
95,751.  Membership  2688.  Receipts  $21,- 
443.65;  expenses  $21,244.74. 

The  increasing  use  of  the  library  by  clubs 
existing  in  suburban  parts  of  Brooklyn  is  de- 


scribed, and  has  been  already  noted  in  the 
L.  j.  (Jan.,  p.  95).  Three  cases  of  selected 
clippings  have  been  added  to  the  collection  of 
newspaper  clippings,  one  relating  to  biography, 
one  to  local  (New  York  City)  history,  and  one 
to  genealogy  and  family  history. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L.  (In 
catalog  of  the  institute,  1897-98,  p.  no-  118.) 

"  There  are  at  present  (May  i,  1897)  about 
63,532  v.  upon  the  shelves  (including  two 
branch  libraries).  These  include  the  nucleus 
of  a  collection  of  French  and  German  books, 
now  numbering  about  2500  of  each,  which  are 
meeting  an  appreciative  demand." 

There  were  about  58,000  visits  to  the  reading- 
room  during  the  year ;  the  reference-rooms 
were  visited  by  35,128  persons,  and  11,798  v. 
were  consulted  in  addition  to  the  bound  periodi- 
cals and  13,600  v.  accessible  for  reference  use, 
as  to  which  no  record  of  use  is  kept. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  A.  A  meeting  of  the 
directors  of  the  association  was  held  on  June 
23  in  the  mayor's  office.  By  a  recent  act  of  the 
legislature  the  number  of  directors  was  in- 
creased from  13  to  21,  and  the  first  business 
transacted  was  the  appointment  of  nine  new 
directors  and  the  designation  of  their  terms. 
The  original  directors  were  :  David  A.  Boody, 
president;  R.  Ross  Appleton,  secretary;  Her- 
bert F.  Gunnison,  treasurer  ;  Charles  A. 
Schieren,  Charles  M.  Pratt,  Daniel  W.  Mc- 
Williams,  Colonel  Willis  L.  Ogden,  John  D. 
Keiley,  Charles  N.  Chadwick.  These  were 
added  to  by  the  appointment  of  Alfred  T. 
White.  Joseph  E.  Hinds,  Judge  W.  W.  Good- 
rich, George  H.  Southard,  to  serve  for  one 
year  ;  Mrs.  O.  H.  Craigie,  Mrs.  I.  H.  Carey, 
Mrs.  Alvah  G.  Brown,  Walter  B.  Atterbury, 
two  years  ;  and  Mrs.  B.  F.  Stephens,  Mrs. 
James  A.  Sperry,  Mrs.  Frederick  B.  Pratt,  and 
Judge  E.  C.  Brennan,  three  years. 

In  addition  to  those  named,  the  mayor,  the 
president  of  the  board  of  aldermen,  the  director 
of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
and  the  president  of  the  board  of  education 
are  members  of  the  directory. 

President  Boody,  Treasurer  Gunnison,  and 
John  D.  Keiley  were  chosen  a  committee  to 
appear  before  the  board  of  estimate  to  obtain 
the  $10,000  appropriated  for  this  year's  use  by 
the  legislature,  and  also  to  see  that  the  $40,000 
provided  for  by  the  act  of  incorporation  is  in- 
cluded in  the  budget  for  1898.  A  further  reso- 
lution was  adopted  authorizing  this  committee 
to  urge  upon  the  mayor,  controller  and  city 
clerk  the  necessity  of  issuing  the  $600,000  in 
bonds  provided  for  by  the  law  of  1892  to  carry 
out  the  intention  of  the  act  before  the  consoli- 
dation with  New  York  is  perfected. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  association  held  June  29 
a  resolution  was  passed  recommending  that  the 
library  board  erect  in  one  of  the  parks  of  the 
city  a  building  to  be  used  as  a  reading-room 
and  circulating  library,  and  that  the  association 
aid  in  the  undertaking. 

Brunswick  (Afe.)  P.  L.  A.  (Rpt.)  Added 
597;  total  "about  6800."  Issued  23,961  (fict. 


>  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


J4.833),  a  gain  of  1798  over  the  previous  year. 
New  registration  216;  total  registration  1491. 

"  We  believe  that  our  library  is  more  used, 
relatively,  than  any  other  in  the  state."  A  de- 
partment for  teachers  has  just  been  planned, 
and  a  special  "  teachers'  shelf  "  established. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  The  announcement 
is  made  that  the  library  will  be  opened  to  the 
public  under  its  new  conditions  as  a  free  li- 
brary on  Sept.  i.  A  competitive  examination 
for  assistants  in  the  library  was  held  on  June 
19,  in  which  141  applicants  participated. 

Chicago  (III.)  P.  L.  The  last  book  purchase 
of  the  library  board  included  100  v.  of  Hun- 
garian books,  the  first  to  be  bought  by  the  li- 
brary. They  were  added  on  receipt  of  a  peti- 
tion from  Hungarian  citizens,  who  asked  that 
their  literature  might  be  represented  in  the  li- 
brary. 

Cincinnati  (0.)  Hospital  L.  (36th  rpt.)  Add- 
ed 964  ;  total  10,964.  There  were  3742  v.  and 
2642  periodicals  consulted,  and  1360  visitors 
were  registered. 

Columbia  Univ.  Z.,  New  York  City.  The  li- 
brary was  closed  to  all  readers  on  June  14, 
until  fall,  when  it  will  re-open  at  the  new  site 
of  the  university  on  Morningside  Heights.  In 
view  of  the  removal  of  the  library  to  the  new 
building,  a  complete  inventory  of  all  books  is 
being  made. 

Danville  (III.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — year  ending 
May  i,  '97.)  Added  189;  total  8646.  Issued 
30,706  (net.  13,936.)  Total  registration  6002. 

Dixon  (III.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending  June 
i,  '97.)  Added  1300;  total  2951.  Issued 
24,855;  (fict.  14,267;.  Total  registration  1736. 

Erie  (Pa.)  P.  Z.  The  cornerstone  of  the  new 
library  building  was  laid  on  June  7.  There 
were  no  formal  ceremonies. 

Gloversville  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  (i7th  rpt.  — year 
ending  Jan.  31,  '97.)  Added  1367;  total  15,122. 
Issued,  home  use  64,470;  reading-room  use 
5560.  Visitors  to  reading-room  26,705.  New 
registration  508. 

Appended  to  the  report  is  a  list  of  books 
added  since  January,  1896. 

Iowa  State  L.,  Des  Moines.  Mr.  A.  J.  Small, 
of  the  state  library,  has  prepared  an  interest- 
ing map  of  Iowa,  designed  to  illustrate  the  op- 
erations of  the  state  travelling  libraries,  so  as 
to  indicate  at  a  glance  the  extent  of  their  use. 
There  are  three  differently  colored  indications 
—  first,  to  show  where  the  various  libraries 
are;  second,  where  they  have  been;  and  third, 
where  applications  have  been  made  for  them. 
50  libraries  have  recently  been  located,  and  the 
indicators  are  very  evenly  distributed  over  the 
state.  As  the  work  progresses  this  map  will 
be  of  utility  in  indicating  the  success  of  the 
missionary  work  which  these  libraries  are  de- 
signed to  accomplish  for  public  libraries  in 
Iowa,  and  which  has  been  so  successful  in 
other  states. 


Iowa  State  Univ.  L.,  Iowa  City.  The  library 
building  of  the  Iowa  State  University  was 
struck  by  lightning  on  June  18  and  burned. 
It  was  a  two-story  brick  structure  with  the  li- 
brary on  the  second  floor,  and  the  physical 
laboratory  on  the  first  floor.  The  loss  is 
$100,000.  Of  this,  $50,000  was  in  books,  $17,- 
ooo  in  apparatus  belonging  to  the  physical 
laboratory,  and  $33,000  on  the  building.  The 
library  was  the  best  in  the  state.  Many  of 
the  books  are  out  of  print  and  cannot  be  re- 
placed. The  Talbot  collection  of  4500  volumes 
was  about  two-thirds  destroyed.  This  collec- 
tion was  exceedingly  valuable,  many  books 
dating  from  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  In  all  about  25,000  v.  were  de- 
stroyed. 

A  special  session  of  the  executive  commit- 
tee of  the  regents  was  held  on  June  22  to  con- 
sider plans  for  the  future,  and  a  circular  letter 
was  sent  to  all  assemblymen  calling  their  at- 
tention to  the  loss  and  urging  the  necessity 
of  prompt  provision  of  a  new  building.  1  he 
legislature  is  asked  to  levy  a  special  univer- 
sity tax  of  one-tenth  of  a  mill  for  this  purpose. 
The  work  of  listing  ard  collecting  all  books 
lhat  were  not  destroyed  was  at  once  begun  by 
Librarian  Rich  and  his  assistants. 

Lawrence  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (25th  rpt.  -  year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96.)  Added  1388  ;  total  45,- 
312.  Issued,  home  use  119,417  (fict.  43.8$;  juv. 
32.6$);  lib.  use'13,673.  New  registration  923  ; 
total  registration  1040.  Receipts  and  expenses 
$11,691.10. 

The  librarian  repeats  his  former  suggestions 
that  a  branch  library  and  delivery  station  be 
established  and  that  the  two-book  system  be 
adopted. 

Lead,  S.  JD.  Work  has  begun  on  the  new 
library  building  erected  by  Mrs.  Phoebe  Hearst, 
who  will  establish  in  it  the  Hearst  Free  Libra- 
ry and  Reading-room.  The  building  will  be 
100x33*,  built  of  brick  and  stone,  with  two 
stories  and  a  basement.  The  first  floor  has 
been  rented  by  the  government  for  use  as  a 
post-office,  the  library  will  occupy  the  second 
floor,  and  the  basement  is  to  be  devoted  to 
business  purposes. 

Leland  Stanford  Jr.  Univ.,  Cat.  A  course 
in  bibliography  has  been  introduced  into  the 
university  curriculum,  beginning  with  the  fall 
term.  It  will  be  conducted  by  F.  J.  Teggart, 
assistant  librarian  of  the  university  library, 
and  its  aim  will  be  "  to  give  practical  aid  to 
students  in  the  preparation  of  bibliographies. 
Bibliographical  methods,  the  bibliographies  of 
special  subjects,  and  the  principal  books  of 
reference  will  be  discussed,  and  individual 
work  carried  out  under  direction  in  the  uni- 
versity library." 

Mankato  (Minn.)  P.  L.  (3d  rpt.  —  year 
ending  March  I,  '97.)  Added  1115;  total  3903 
(in  circulating  dept.  2870.)  Issued,  home  use 
33,141.  Receipts  $2513.84. 

The  circulation  shows  an  increase  of  15  per 
cent,  over  the  last  year,  and,  according  to  the 
trustees,  "  a  larger  number  of  issues,  compaied 


362 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


with  the  number  of  books,  than  can  be  shown 
by  any  public  library  in  the  United  States,  to 
whose  records  we  have  access." 

Mendota,  111.  Graves  P.  L,  Added  579; 
total  4395.  Issued  17,313  (net.  10,905;  juv. 
4365.) 

New  Britain  ( Ct. )  Institute  L.  (43d  rpt. ,  1 896. ) 
Added  1874.  Issued,  home  use  35,931.  Re- 
ceipts $9348.79;  expenses  $9222.02. 

The  circulation  shows  a  decrease  of  three 
per  cent,  in  fiction.  "  The  plan  of  '  open 
shelves '  has  been  adopted  for  the  reference 
library,  the  periodicals,  and  a  portion  of  the 
circulating  library,  and  has  worked  satisfac- 
torily." 

New  Jersey  State  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Oct.  31,  '96.)  Added  1849;  total  47,114.  Vis- 
itors registered,  2580.  The  registration  fig- 
ures, however,  do  not  at  all  record  the  real  use 
of  the  library,  which  is  in  general  and  con- 
stant use  by  workers  in  different  fields.  "  The 
attendance  of  pupils  of  the  state  and  public 
schools  has  so  much  increased  during  the  year 
that  we  have  been  compelled  to  double  the 
number  of  tables  and  chairs  for  their  accom- 
modation." The  experiment  of  opening  the 
library  to  school  children  has  proved  on  the 
whole  satisfactory.  "  It  is  a  curious  fact  that 
the  female  pupils  give  us  no  trouble,  but  work 
zealously  and  industriously,  as  if  gratified  with 
advantages  presented  by  the  free  use  of  library 
books  and  stationery." 

New  York,  Charity  Organization  Society.  The 
society  is  now  in  possession  of  a  small  but 
well-chosen  library  on  sociologic  subjects, 
selected  with  the  assistance  of  the  professors  of 
sociology  in  two  of  the  leading  universities. 
This  it  is  hoped  may  be  the  foundation  of  a  first- 
class  working  library  on  sociology;  and  a  state- 
ment of  what  is  desired,  with  a  request  for 
funds  to  purchase  needed  books,  has  been  re- 
cently issued  by  the  chairman  of  the  committee 
on  library,  Rev.  S.  M.  Jackson,  who  has  been 
active  in  the  work  of  organizing  the  present 
collection. 

New  York,  East  Side  House,  Webster  F.  Z. 
It  has  been  decided  to  add  to  the  library  a  con- 
siderable collection  of  books  in  the  Bohemian 
language,  on  account  of  the  large  numbers  of 
Bohemian  children  who  visit  the  institution  ; 
this,  it  is  said,  will  be  the  only  free  circulating 
Bohemian  library  in  New  York  City.  A  new  rule 
recently  established  is  that  from  2  until  3:30  p.m. 
the  library  may  be  used  by  adults  only,  no  chil- 
dren being  admitted.  This,  it  is  thought,  will 
make  the  work  of  the  attendants  less  difficult 
and  reduce  crowding. 

New  York  F.  C.  L.  The  new  Yorkville 
branch  of  the  library  has  broken  the  record  in 
its  development  of  a  large  circulation.  After 
two  weeks  operation,  with  2000  books  on  its 
shelves,  its  circulation  equalled  that  of  some  of 
the  long-established  branches  that  have  from 
15,000  to  25,000  v.  The  causes  are  attributed, 
first,  to  the  location  of  the  library  on  a  crowded 
thoroughfare,  seen  by  all  passers  and  easily 


accessible;  second,  to  the  free  access  system 
adopted  throughout;  and  third,  to  the  use  of  the 
two-book  method. 

New  York.  Washington  Heights  P.  L.  (2gth 
rpt.  -  year  ending  May  i,  '97.)  Added  1356  ; 
total  11,151.  Issued,  home  use  41,737  ;  ref. 
use  1076.  Visitors  to  reading-room  17,044. 
Receipts  $3157.80  ;  expenses  $3061.49. 

Ntrthwestern  Univ.  L.,  Evanston,  III.  (Rpt., 
1896-97.  In  President's  annual  rpt.,  p.  51.) 
Added  1829;  total  33,144.  Issued,  home  use 
4389;  lib.  use  4811  (general  ref.  use  is  unre- 
corded). 

Comparison  with  statistics  of  the  previous 
year  shows  "  an  appreciable  increase  in  the  re- 
corded reading-room  use  of  books.  Of  the 
books  loaned  to  students  to  be  read  at  home, 
30  per  cent,  were  in  the  department  of  litera- 
ture and  II  per  cent,  in  that  of  history;  10  per 
cent,  only  of  the  circulation  was  fiction.  The 
character  of  the  circulation  in  this  library  is 
thus  shown  to  be  in  sharp  contrast  with  that  in 
the  majority  of  public  libraries." 

"The  John  Crerar  Library,  of  Chicago,  has 
conferred  a  special  favor  on  this  library  in  the 
gift  of  a  copy  of  its  printed  author  card  catalog. 
The  additions  will  be  furnished  in  monthly  in- 
stallments. As  the  Crerar  Library  is  a  refer- 
ence library  devoted  to  scientific  subjects,  the 
advantage  to  our  students  and  professors  of 
being  able  to  determine,  without  a  trip  to  Chi- 
cago, whether  certain  books  can  be  found  there, 
is  very  great.  The  catalog  is  also  a  valuable 
bibliographical  aid.  It  will  be  arranged  where 
it  can  be  freely  consulted." 

Pattrson  (N.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  (i2th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Jan.  31,  '97.)  Added  2006;  total  26,875. 
Issued,  home  use  111,236  (fict.  76.1  <£);  issued 
on  teachers'  cards  917;  lib.  use  1401;  no  record 
of  general  ref.  use  is  kept.  New  registration 
3271;  total  registration  7622.  Receipts  $16,- 
788.54;  expenses  $14,413.58. 

"  Not  only  have  more  books  been  loaned 
during  the  last  year  than  in  any  other  in  the 
history  of  the  library,  but  also  the  proportion 
of  fiction  is  the  smallest  —  76.  i  per  cent.  This 
is  a  decrease  of  three  per  cent,  from  1895. 

"  One  of  the  most  important  things  accom- 
plished this  year  is  the  beginning  of  the  publi- 
cation of  a  monthly  bulletin,  issued  in  the  form 
of  an  attractive  and  handy  little  pamphlet.  It 
has  proved  its  usefulness  and  popularity  be- 
yond question,  and  is  worth  much  more  than  it 
costs,  a  large  part  of  the  expense  of  printing 
being  paid  by  advertisements."  The  need  of  a 
new  building  is  suggested  and  the  establish- 
ment of  at  least  two  delivery  stations  is  specifi- 
cally recommended. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Carnegie  L.  (ist  rpt.  — 
year  ending  Jan.  31,  '97.)  The  library  was 
opened  to  the  public  on  Nov.  u,  1895,  and 
though  the  present  report  covers  nominally  the 
first  statistical  year  of  work,  it  includes  actually 
the  14  and  two-thirds  months  from  the  date  of 
opening  to  Jan.  31,  1897.  Of  the  26,859  v-  i° 
the  library,  10,558  are  in  the  circulating  de- 
partment. 138.591  v.  were  issued  for  home 


,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


363 


use,  of  which  66.28  %  were  fiction,  adult,  and 
juvenile.  This  means  that  the  entire  stock 
in  this  department  was  circulated  more  than  16 
times  in  14  and  two-thirds  months,  while  the 
additional  fact  that  there  are  9946  registered 
borrowers,  or  about  one  for  every  volume, 
shows  that  the  circulation  has  so  far  been  lim- 
ited solely  by  the  number  of  books  available 
for  that  purpose.  A  steady  growth  in  the  ref- 
erence department  is  reported,  and  Mr.  Ander- 
son gives  space  to  several  interesting  letters 
from  scientific  men  on  the  importance  and 
necessity  of  making  a  reference  specialty  of 
books  and  periodicals  relating  to  the  natural 
and  technical  sciences.  The  estimated  refer- 
ence use  is  given  at  56,565,  and  the  total  num- 
ber of  visitors  to  the  four  reading-rooms  as 
132,232. 

The  children's  department,  opened  Feb.  i, 
1896,  was  used  by  28, 823  children  during  the  first 
year  of  its  existence.  "  On  busy  afternoons 
and  evenings  the  room  has  frequently  been  so 
crowded  that  it  was  necessary  to  seat  dozens  of 
boys  on  the  floor  and  on  benches  in  the  deliv- 
ery lobby  adjoining.  If  this  can  be  done  in  in- 
adequate quarters  and  with  no  supervision, 
what  might  be  accomplished  in  suitable  quarters 
with  competent  assistants  in  charge  !" 

Portland  (Me.)  P.  L.  (Rpt. —  year  ending 
March  31,  '97.)  Added  1747;  total  43,008.  Is- 
sued, home  use  88,036,  a  gain  of  1767  over  the 
previous  year;  lib.  use  41,849;  visitors  to  ref. 
room  21,431.  No  record  of  reading-room  use 
iskept.  Receipts $31, 423. 98; expenses  $25,257. 
50. 

About  10,000  cards  have  been  added  to  the 
two  catalogs,  bringing  each  up  to  date. 
Monthly  bulletins  have  been  posted  in  the  li- 
brary, and  lists  of  the  new  books  have  each 
month  been  printed  in  two  or  more  of  the  local 
papers.  "  It  is  recommended  that  as  soon  as 
practicable  the  work  of  rearranging  the  fiction 
by  authors  and  making  a  fiction  list  be  under- 
taken. As  a  preparatory  step  it  would  be  well 
to  weed  out  such  novels  as  have  outlasted 
their  usefulness. 

"An  'unknown  friend'  has  recently  sent  to 
us  free  from  Kansas  City  two  books,  which 
should  perhaps  be  accounted  as  gifts,  although 
many  years  ago  they  were  the  property  of  the 
Portland  Institute  and  Public  Library.  They 
are  Soule's  'Synonymes,'  and  the  '  Carmina 
Selecta'  of  Horace,  published  in  Brussels  in 
1779.  The  stamp  and  shelf  numbers  on  the 
books  show  that  they  were  borrowed  some 
20  years  ago.  They  were  returned  by  express 
(prepaid)  without  explanation  or  thanks." 

St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  F.  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —year  end- 
ing April  31,  '97.)  Added  1960;  total  14,839. 
Issued,  home  use  120,853  (fict.  80  %)  ;  lib.  use, 
exclusive  of  general  ref.  use,  992.  New  regis- 
tration 2276;  total  cards  in  use  4347;  expenses 
$8238.12. 

"  The  imperative  demand  for  an  increase  in 
the  funds  of  the  library  led  -the  board  of  direc- 
tors to  consider  the  advisability  of  again  ask- 
ing the  voters  of  the  city  to  authorize  the  set- 
ting apart  for  library  purposes  of  an  increased 


percentage  of  the  city  taxes,  but  in  view  of  the 
condition  of  the  city  finances  it  was  thought 
best  to  postpone  this  request  until  a  more  favor- 
able time."  A  request  for  an  increased  appro- 
priation has,  however,  been  made. 

A  comparison  of  the  total  no.  of  v.  in  the  li- 
brary with  the  figures  of  circulation  is  interest- 
ing evidence  of  the  amount  of  work  done  with 
limited  equipment,  and  shows  that  each  volume 
in  the  circulating  department  was  issued  on  an 
average  n  times  —  a  turnover  that  indicates 
the  necessity  of  increased  book  purchases.  In 
the  work  with  the  schools  it  is  proposed  to  begin 
in  the  fall  the  issue  of  special  cards  to  teachers, 
on  which  extra  books  may  be  had  for  school  use. 
A  new  finding  list  was  issued  last  July,  and 
since  then  three  bulletins,  containing  300  titles 
each,  have  been  published. 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah.  On  June  34  the  city 
council  voted  unanimously  to  recommend  the 
levy  of  a  tax  of  one-third  of  a  mill  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  free  public  library. 

South  Norwalk  (Ct.)  P.  L.  (7th  rpt.)  Added 
297;  total  3378.  Issued  20,367;  no.  visitors 
43.7O9-  Cards  in  use  1051.  Expenses  $1316.34. 

During  the  year  several  .interesting  exhi- 
bitions have  been  held  at  the  library,  among 
them  art  photographs  from  the  Soule  Photo- 
graph Co.,  specimens  illustrating  oyster  cult- 
ture  and  drawings  loaned  by  the  Youth 's  Com- 
panion. 

Springfield  (0.)  [Warder]  P.  L.  (Rpt. — 
year  ending  May  i,  '97.)  Added  580;  total 
17,117.  Issued  86,815  (fict.  and  juv.  fict. 
71.84  %);  new  registration  2754;  total  registra- 
tion 5290.  Receipts  $6510.26;  expenses  $5129. 95. 

Miss  Burrowes,  who  succeeded  the  late  Rob- 
ert C.  Woodward,  as  librarian,  in  August,  1896, 
emphasizes  as  the  chief  needs  of  the  library 
the  purchase  of  more  current  books  and  the 
issue  of  a  new  catalog.  The  trustees  urge  a 
slight  increase  in  the  library  appropriation. 

Springfield  (Mass.)  City  L.  (36th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  May  4,  '97.)  Added  3679;  total  97,510. 
Issued,  home  use  147,426  (fict.  and  juv.,  no,- 
888);  ref.  use  28,720  v.  issued  to  11,650  persons. 
Visitors  to  reading-room  59,176;  magazines  and 
reviews  given  out  18,334. 

The  changes  of  arrangement,  by  which  the 
main  hall  of  the  library  is  left  free  for  refer- 
ence use,  have  proved  wholly  successful,  and 
have  much  aided  in  the  work  of  the  library. 
The  report  gives  an  interesting  summary  of 
the  work  done  with  the  schools. 

Towanda  (Pa.)  P.  L.  The  cornerstone  of  the 
new  library  building  given  to  Towanda  by 
Frank  R.  Welles,  was  laid  on  June  18 ;  the  build- 
ing will  c«5st  $10,000. 

Walt  ham  (Mass. )  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
Jan.  31,  '97.)  Added  702;  total  24,256.  Issued 
65,247  (fict.  53  %;  juv.  26  %.)  New  registration 
801. 

The  printed  catalog  of  accessions  from  1889 
to  1894  has  been  completed.  The  issue  of  two 
books  on  a  card  was  begun  on  Jan.  I. 


364 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


«iy,  '97 


Washington,  D.  C.  Gov.  Printing  Office. 
On  June  7  Mr.  Hale  introduced  in  the  senate 
a  bill  providing  for  a  library  for  the  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office.  The  books  are  to  be 
selected  by  a  committee  and  their  use  exclu- 
sively confined  to  employees  of  the  office  and  its 
branches.  The  library  is  to  be  located  in  the 
main  building,  and  $5000  is  appropriated  for 
the  purposes  of  a  library  to  be  immediately 
available. 

Washington ,  D.  C.  U.  S.  Congressional  L. 
The  motion  for  a  new  trial  made  in  the  case  of 
Philip  McElhone,  convicted  on  April  30  of 
stealing  valuable  historical  documents  from  the 
Congressional  Library,  was  withdrawn  on  May 
24,  and  the  prisoner  was  sentenced  to  pay  a 
fine  of  $200,  which  was  at  once  done.  The 
penalty  provided  for  the  offence  is  a  fine  not 
exceeding  $5000,  or  imprisonment  not  exceed- 
ing five  years,  or  both,  and  the  sentence  in- 
flicted was  regarded  as  extremely  lenient. 

Winona,  Minn.  Plans  have  been  accepted 
for  the  fine  public  library  building,  to  be  given 
to  Winona  by  W.  H.  Laird,  of  that  city,  as  al- 
ready noted  in  L.  j.  (March,  p.  162).  The 
building,  which  will  be  of  Bedford  stone,  is 
to  be  Renaissance  in  style,  84  by  64,  with  a 
three-story  stack,  extending  about  30  feet  of 
additional  depth.  It  will  be  one  story  high, 
with  a  basement  eight  feet  above  the  ground 
grade,  and  will  be  crowned  with  a  large  central 
dome,  about  50  feet  in  height.  The  average 
height  of  the  basement  rooms  is  n  feet,  and  of 
those  on  the  first  floor  15,  the  art  gallery  to  the 
skylightbeing  17^  feet, and  the  central  delivery- 
room  under  the  dome  being  30  feet.  The  book- 
room  is  to  be  three-storied,  with  metal  floors  and 
furnishings.  The  entire  east  side  of  the  main 
floor  is  occupied  by  a  reading-room,  25  by  60 
feet,  separated  from  the  delivery  and  librari- 
an's rooms  only  by  columns,  so  that  all  parts 
of  the  room  are  in  plain  sight  of  the  librarians. 
On  the  west  side  of  the  building  the  chief 
feature  is  the  art  gallery,  which  is  25  by  28  feet 
and  opens  off  the  delivery-room.  This  room  is 
lighted  altogether  from  above,  so  that  all  the 
wall  space  is  available  for  hanging  pictures. 
Directly  underneath  and  connected  with  the  art 
gallery  by  a  spiral  stairway  is  the  cast-room,  to 
be  used  for  the  display  of  sculpture,  casts  and 
other  works  of  art.  At  the  front  of  the  west 
side  is  a  reference- room,  and  in  the  rear  is  a 
room  9^  by  15  for  the  use  of  the  library  direc- 
tors, with  a  vault  for  keeping  records  and  val- 
uable papers. 

In  the  basement  there  will  be  a  lecture-room, 
25  by  60,  boiler-rooms,  unpacking-room,  etc. 
There  will  be  also  one  undesignated  apartment 
which  may  be  used  as  a  meeting -place  for 
literary  societies  or  as  a  children's  library  de- 
partment. The  architects  are  Warren- F.  Laird 
and  Edgar  V.  Seeler,  of  Philadelphia.  The 
work  of  construction  will  begin  at  once,  the 
building  contract  having  already  been  made 
with  Contractor  Henry  Behrens,  of  Winona. 

The  library  of  the  late  William  Windom, 
formerly  secretary  of  the  treasury,  has  been 
presented  to  the  Winona  library  by  Mrs.  Win- 
dom. 


FOREIGN. 

Liverpool  (Eng.)  P.  Ls.  (44th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Dec.  31,  '96).  Added,  lending  Is., 
4798;  total  72,049.  Issued,  home  use  631,632; 
reading-room  use  49,324.  New  registration 
10, 082;  total  card-holders  18,913.  Lost  and  paid 
for,  78;  stolen  from  reading-room,  5. 

Additions  to  the  reference  library  are  not 
given,  but  there  were  239,147  v.  issued  in  that 
department  during  the  year,  this  being  an  in- 
crease —  in  all  classes  of  literature  —  of  25,452 
OTer  1895.  These  issues  do  not  include  fiction. 
There  were  also  145,527  scientific  or  literary 
periodicals  consulted.  "  The  tendency  of 
modern  reading  is  towards  the  magazine,  re- 
view, and  newspapers  rather  than  the  book, 
which  necessarily  requires  a  greater  amount  of 
time  for  its  perusal  than  many  readers  can 
give.'  The  entire  contents  of  the  [reference] 
library  numbers  110,923  v.  Of  these  only 
5599  are  works  of  fiction.  The  principal  works 
of  the  leading  writers  of  prose  fiction  must 
be  kept  for  reference,  but  a  number  of  nov- 
els by  popular  writers  are  also  purchased 
in  order  to  induce  people  to  come  and  spend 
their  time  in  the  library  as  a  place  of  mental 
recreation  and  enjoyment.  The  Brown  read- 
ing-room is  specially  set  apart  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  here  newspapers,  illustrated  and  en- 
tertaining periodicals  of  all  kinds,  and  novels 
may  be  read.  This  setting  apart  of  the  Picton 
reading-room  as  a  students'  room,  and  the 
Brown  reading-room  for  recreative  reading, 
has  hitherto  worked  out  in  the  most  satisfac- 
tory way.  The  student  or  literary  man,  with 
several  volumes  and  his  note-book  before  him, 
requires  greater  table  space  and  quiet  than  the 
man  who  is  reading  a  novel  or  magazine  only 
for  pastime;  hence  the  success  of  the  Picton 
reading-room  as  a  place  of  study,  compared 
with  what  it  would  be  if  it  were  less  special  in 
character." 

During  the  year  the  Everton  branch  was  es- 
tablished in  a  handsome  building,  which  was 
opened  in  October.  In  the  three  months  of  its 
existence  over  30(0  persons  had  become  bor- 
rowers. "  In  all  the  lending  libraries  particu- 
lar attention  is  given  to  the  provision  of  books, 
in  all  classes  of  literature,  adapted  for  both 
girls  and  boys." 

Oxford,  Eng.  Bodleian  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.) 
Added  59,379,  of  which  7035  were  purchased. 
"This  is  the  third  largest  total  yet  reached, 
and  the  purchases  of  new  books  were  the 
highest  on  record."  Among  the  most  notable 
accessions  were  the  first  native  Corean  books 
acquired  by  the  library  (4  v.),  70  papyrus  and 
vellum  Egyptian  mss.,  and  38  v.  of  note-books 
in  English  history  from  Dr.  S.  R.  Gardiner. 
There  were  736  mss.  cataloged  and  indexed  for 
the  summary  catalog,  making  a  total  of  6031 
to  the  end  of  1896;  22,308  catalog  slips  of  books 
were  transcribed  for  insertion  in  the  catalogs, 
and  about  2820  slips  were  written  for  the  music 
catalog,  now  in  preparation. 

Toronto  Law  Soc.  of  Upper  Canada  L.  (Rpt., 
1896.)  Added  1605;  total  30,366.  Attendance 
3856,  a  considerable  decrease  from  that  of  the 
previous  year. 


July,  97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


365 


v!Mfts  anb  ticqucsts. 


Albion,  N.  Y.  The  executors  of  the  will  of 
the  late  William  G.  Swan,  who  left  a  bequest  of 
$35,000  for  a  public  library  and  reading-room 
for  the  village  of  Albion,  have  decided  to  pur- 
chase the  Roswell  S.  Burrows  residence  for  the 
purpose.  The  house  is  centrally  located,  and 
when  remodeled  and  made  fire-proof,  as  stip- 
ulated in  Mr.  Swan's  will,  will  be  a  desirable 
library  building.  The  balance  of  the  legacy 
above  the  cost  of  the  building  was  designated 
for  the  equipment  and  maintenance  of  the 
institution,  and  the  will  provides  that  for  its 
management  an  organization  is  to  be  incor- 
porated under  the  name  of  the  Swan  Memorial 
Library  Association.  It  is  hoped  that  before 
winter  the  new  library  may  be  ready  for  use. 
Albion  already  has  two  distinct  libraries,  which 
are  housed  together  in  adjoining  rooms  in  the 
central  school  building,  and  which  are  under 
the  care  of  one  librarian.  The  library  belong- 
ing to  the  village  has  3000  v.,  and  the  town 
library  contains  about  1500  v.  For  the  latter 
there  is  an  annual  appropriation  of  $300.  Both 
of  these  libraries  will  be  removed  to  the  Swan 
library. 

Boston  P.  Z.  The  Browning  Society  of  Bos- 
ton has  given  its  collection  of  Browning  litera- 
ture —  some  400  v.  —  to  the  library  to  be  main- 
tained as  a  reference  collection.  A  gift  of 
$1000  has  also  been  received  from  the  Papyrus 
Club  to  be  devoted  to  a  memorial  collection  to 
John  Boyle  O'Reilly. 

Delavan,  Wis.  By  the  will  of  the  late  James 
Aram,  Delavan  is  to  receive  $20,000  for  a  li- 
brary building  to  be  a  memorial  to  Mr.  Aram's 
daughters. 

Massillon  (O.)  P.  L.  The  bequest  of  $10,000 
recently  made  by  George  Harsh  for  a  library 
building  in  Masillon  was  supplemented  a  few 
weeks  later  by  the  gift  from  Mrs.  F.  R.  and 
Mrs.  A.  M.  McClymonds,  of  the  fine  Nahum 
Russell  homestead,  together  with  an  endow- 
ment of  $20,000,  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
library.  The  organization  of  the  library  was 
promptly  considered  by  the  citizens,  and  a  pub- 
lic subscription  of  $5000  was  at  once  begun,  to 
be  devoted  to  the  cost  of  altering  the  Russell 
house  for  library  purposes.  The  income  of  the 
endowment  fund  will  be  devoted  to  book  pur- 
chases, and  the  running  expenses  of  the  library 
will  be  assumed  by  the  city. 

Nicholasville ',  Ky.  By  the  provisions  of  the 
will  of  the  late  Mrs.  Sarah  Withers,  of  Bloom- 
ington,  111.,  the  residue  of  her  estate,  af- 
ter the  fulfilment  of  specified  bequests,  was 
given  to  Nicholasville,  her  native  place,  for 
the  purpose  of  founding  a  library.  It  was  be- 
lieved that  the  sum  thus  bequeathed  would  not 
exceed  $3000,  but  as  the  task  of  settling  up  the 
estate  nearsits  conclusion  it  is  learned  that  the 
residue  for  the  Nicholasville  library  will  not  be 
less  than  $30,000,  and  will  be  probably  nearly 
$40,000.  Mrs.  Withers  was  the  founder  of  the 
Withers  Library,  of  Bloomington. 


Washington  (D.  C.)  F.  L,  The  library  re- 
cently  received  from  Andrew  Carnegie  a  gift 
of  $1000. 

Yale  Univ.  L.  The  library  has  received  from 
Robert  C.  Winthrop,  of  Boston,  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  66  autograph  letters  and  documents 
relating  to  early  New  England  history  and 
colonial  days;  a  number  are  dated  prior  to  1650, 
and  22  out  of  the  66  have  never  been  printed. 


^Librarians. 


BOLTON-STANWOOD.  Miss  Ethel  Stanwood, 
daughter  of  Edward  Stanwood,  managing 
editor  of  the  Youth's  Companion,  and  Charles 
Knowles  Bolton,  librarian  of  the  Brookline 
(Mass.)  Public  Library,  were  married  on  June 
23,  in  the  Central  Church,  Boston.  Rev.  Ed- 
ward L.  Clark,  pastor  of  the  church,  officiated. 

BROWN,  Walter  L.,  recently  made  reference 
librarian  of  the  Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Public  Library, 
was  on  June  29,  appointed  assistant  superin- 
tendent of  that  library. 

FAIRCHILD-CUTLKR.  Miss  Mary  Salome  Cut- 
ler, vice-director  of  the  New  York  Si  ate  Library 
School,  and  Rev.  Edwin  Milton  Faiichild,  of 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  were  married  on  Thursday,  July 
I,  at  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Troy. 

GREEN,  Bernard  R.,  was  on  June  30  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  superintendent  of  the 
Congressional  Library.  Mr.  Green  was  the 
chief  assistant  of  Gen.  Casey  during  his  work 
on  the  new  libraiy  building,  and  since  Gen. 
Casey's  death  in  March,  1896,  has  had  charge  of 
the  construction  and  completion  of  the  building. 

HERBERT,  Miss  Mary  C.,  was  on  June  29 
elected  librarian  of  the  Public  School  Library 
of  Baltimore.  Miss  Herbert,  who  is  a  daughter 
of  the  late  Gen.  James  R.  Herbert,  a  distin- 
guished Confederate  officer,  is  the  first  woman 
to  be  elected  to  this  position,  the  Public  School 
Library  having  heretofore  been  considered 
a  political  place.  Her  appointment  was  large- 
ly due  to  the  action  of  the  Baltimore  news- 
papers demanding  that  a  woman  be  made 
librarian. 

JONES-SANBORN.  Kate  Emery  Sanborn,  late 
librarian  of  the  Manchester  (N.  H.)  City  Li- 
brary, and  Gardner  Maynard  Jones,  librarian 
of  the  Salem  (Mass.)  Public  Library,  were  mar- 
ried on  Wednesday,  June  30,  at  the  residence 
of  the  bride's  father,  E.  B.  S.  Sanborn,  Esq., 
Franklin,  N.  H.  The  Rev.  George  D.  Latimer, 
of  Salem,  Mass.,  officiated.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Jones  will  spend  the  next  two  months  in  Eng- 
land, and  will  attend  the  International  Library 
Conference  in  London,  July  13-16. 

MKTCALF,  Miss  Anna,  librarian  of  the  Harris 
Institute  Library,  Woonsocket,  R.  L,  who  was 
recently  Riven  six  months  leave  of  absence  for 
travel  abroad,  has  tendered  her  resignation,  to 
take  effect  upon  her  return  from  Europe.  She 
has  accepted  the  position  of  reference  librarian 
at  Brown  University. 


366 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


SHEPARD,  Frederick  J.,  was,  on  June  29,  ap- 
pointed reference  librarian  of  the  Buffalo  (N. 
Y.)  Public  Library.  He  was  formerly  associ- 
ate editor  of  the  Buffalo  Courier. 

SPOFFORD,  Ainsworth  R.,  for  35  years  Li- 
brarian of  Congress,  has  retired  from  the  head- 
ship of  the  Congressional  Library  in  its  new 
building,  and  has  been  made  first  assistant  li- 
brarian. Mr.  Spofford's  retirement  did  not  come 
as  a  surprise,  for  it  has  been  known  for  some 
time  past  that  the  great  pressure  upon  him  for 
places  on  the  reorganized  library  force,  and  the 
great  mass  of  accumulated  and  detail  work  in 
connection  with  the  removal  to  the  new  build- 
ing, had  been  overburdening  his  time  and 
strength.  His  connection  with  the  Library  of 
Congress  as  first  assistant  librarian  will  remove 
these  burdens  and  will  permit  him  to  place  his 
store  of  knowledge  concerning  the  library  more 
fully  at  the  service  of  the  public  than  ever  before. 

YOUNG,  John  Russell,  ex-minister  to  China, 
was  on  June  30  appointed  by  the  President  as 
Librarian  of  Congress,  succeeding  A.  R.  Spof- 
ford,  who  was  made  first  assistant  librarian. 
Mr.  Young  was  born  near  Downington,  Pa.,  in 
1841,  and  has  been  a  journalist  for  years. 
When  16  years  old  he  was  employed  as  a  copy 
holder  in  a  printing  office  in  Philadelphia,  and 
soon  after  became  a  reporter,  and  later  an 
editorial  writer.  He  was  secretary  to  John 
W.  Forney  while  the  latter  was  secretary  of 
the  U.  S.  Senate,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  joined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  as 
war  correspondent.  In  1865  he  came  to  New 
York  and  became  associated  with  the  New  York 
Tribune,  of  which  he  was  managing  editor  in 
1866.  Three  years  later  he  started  a  daily 
newspaper  in  New  York,  called  the  Standard, 
which  did  not  prove  a  success,  and  in  1872  he 
was  managing  editor  of  the  Philadelphia  Press. 
He  was  also  an  editorial  writer  and  foreign 
correspondent  for  the  New  York  Herald,  and  as 
its  representative  accompanied  General  Grant 
around  the  world  in  1877.  He  was  made  min- 
ister to  China  in  1882,  and  held  that  post  until 
1885.  Mr.  Young,  so  far  as  is  known,  has  had 
no  experience  in,  or  general  acquaintance  with 
library  work. 


Cataloging  anb  Classification. 


AGUILAR,    F.    L.,  New   York  City.   Fiction  list. 

May,  1897.     32  p.  O. 

Appended  to  the  author  list  is  a  five-page 
list  of  historical  fiction,  arranged  chronologi- 
cally under  countries. 

CARNEGIE   L.,   Pittsburgh.      Monthly  bulletin, 
v.  2,  nos.  4,  5.    April,  May,  1897.     Additions 
to  the  library  from  March  i,  1897,  to  May  i, 
1897.     p.  115-166. 
With   this   double   number  the   plan  of  the 
bulletin  is   changed,  the  author  and   title  list 
being  discontinued  and  a  separate  list  of  fiction 
being  given  at  the  end  of  the  other  class  div- 
isions. 


CINCINNATI    (O.)   P.   L.      Quarterly    bulletin, 
January- March,  1897.     16  p.  Q. 

The  FITCHBURG  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin,  in  its 
May  issue,  has  a  short  reference  list  on  "  Na- 
ture study." 

The  LOWELL  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  'Bulletin  for 
May  is  wholly  given  up  to  reference  list  no.  6, 
on  Architecture.  The  annotations  are  taken 
chiefly  from  Sturges  and  Krehbiel's  "  Bibli- 
ography of  fine  art,"  recently  issued  by  the 
A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section.  The  list  covers 
28  pages.  In  the  June  number  the  reference 
list  relates  to  Astronomy. 

The  NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  Bulletin 
for  June  contains  reference  list  no.  24  on 
"  State  and  municipal  ownership." 

NEW  ROCHELLE  (N.    Y.)  P.  L.     General  cata- 
logue ;  prepared   by  Augusta   H.  Leypoldt. 
New  Rochelle,  1897.     6+92  p.  O. 
A  title-a-line  author  and  title  list,  with  sub- 
ject references,  followed  by  a  classified  subject 
list.     Lists  all  books  up  to  May,  1897. 

The  NEW  YORK  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  June  con- 
tains a  list  of  "  Periodicals  relating  to  chemis- 
try and  physics  in  the  New  York  Public  Libra- 
ry and  Columbia  University  Library." 

The  OSTERHOUT  F.  L.  (Wilkesbarre,  Pa.) 
Newsletter  has  in  its  June  number  no.  5  of  the 
descriptive  reading  lists  in  English  history, 
covering  the  Stuart  period. 

The  PROVIDENCE  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
May  contains  reference  list,  no.  45,  on  "Wil- 
liam Bradford  and  the  Plymouth  colony,"  and 
special  catalog,  no.  15,  on  Education,  with  a 
supplementary  list  on  Henry  Barnard.  In  the 
June  number  the  reference  list  is  given  to  a 
"  Cabot  bibliography,"  by  George  Parker  Win- 
ship,  and  the  special  catalog  is  a  supplemen- 
tary list  of  trade  catalogs. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  June  de- 
votes its  special  reading  lists  to  Bunker  Hill, 
The  post-office,  Cycling,  and  Robert  Louis 
Stevenson. 

U.  S.  N.  Y.  Extension  bulletin,  no.  18,  March, 
1897.  Public  libraries,  no.  5:  a  library  of 
500  books  and  35  periodicals,  selected  in  1897 
for  the  State  Commission  in  Lunacy,  for  use 
in  the  New  York  state  hospitals.  Albany, 
1897.  26  p.  O.  5  c. 

A  classed  list,  giving  for  each  title  —  except 
in  biography  and  fiction  —  the  D.  C.  class 
number  and  the  Cutter  book  number.  The 
publisher  and  price  of  each  book  listed  is 
given. 

The  WALTHAM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  June 
has  a  special  reading  list  on  Birds. 

WITHERS,  P.  L.,  Bloomington,  III.  Bulletin 
no.  4:  additions  from  August,  1896,  to  June, 
1897.  16  p.  O. 


'97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


367 


FULL    NAMES. 

Henderson,  Ernest  Flagg,  not  Flogg,  as  given 
in  L.  j.,  April,  p.  219. 

Brookings,  Walter  du  Bois,  joint  author, 
(Briefs  for  debate) ; 

Camp,  David   Nelson  (History  of  New  Brit- 
ain). W:  J.  J. 
The  following  are  tupplied  by  Harvard  College  Library: 

Boyce,  C:  W:  (Brief  history  of  the  28th 
regiment.  New  York  state  volunteers); 

Cramer,  Michael  J:  (Ulysses  S.  Grant:  con- 
versations and  unpublished  letters); 

Hall,  H:  Davis  (The  battle  of  Bennington: 
an  address  before  the  Vermont  Historical  So- 
ciety); 

Reed,  E:  Armstrong  (Primitive  Buddhism); 

Stormont,  Gilbert  Riley  (History  of  the  58th 
regiment  of  Indiana  volunteer  infantry). 


Uibliograin. 


ASTRONOMY.  Bibliographia  universalis,  pub- 
lication co-operative  de  1'Office  Internation- 
al de  Bibliographic.  Bibliographia  Astrono- 
mica  [016.52]  :  repertoire  periodique  des 
travaux  d'astronomie,  de  meteorologie,  de 
geodesic,  et  de  physique  du  globe;  elabore 
conformement  a  la  classification  decimale 
par  la  Societe  Beige  d'Astronomie.  Janvier, 
Fevrier.  Bruxelles,  Office  International  de 
Bibliographic,  1897.  16  p.  D.  Annualsubs., 
|Z. 

This  is  the  first  part  of  the  bibliography  of 
current  astronomical  literature  undertaken 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Office  International 
de  Bibliographic.  It  is  a  classed  list,  printed 
on  one  side  of  the  page,  for  cutting  and  past- 
ing in  catalogs,  and  records  chiefly  articles  in 
periodicals,  transactions,  etc.  The  titles  are 
also  furnished  printed  on  cards  for  immediate 
use  in  card  catalogs.  The  decimal  number  is 
affixed  to  each  entry. 

CVTRIAN.     Benson,    E:   White.      Cyprian:   his 
life,  his  times,  his  work.     N.  Y.,  Appleton, 
1897.     37+636  p.  8°,  $7. 
Contains  a  5-page  list  of  authorities. 
MARINE-BIBLIOGRAPHIE,    Internationale.     Ver- 
zeichniss  neuer   erscheinungen  aller  lander 
auf  dem   gebiete   der   schiffsbaukunst,    des 
schiffs-maschinenbau-,  artillerie-  und  torpe- 
dowesens.allgemeine  marine-litteratur,  nau- 
tik,  schiffs-hygiene,  seerecht,  etc.     Mit  an- 
hang  :    diverse    technische     publikationen, 
antiquariat.     Jahrgang  i:    Dezember  1896- 
November  1897.     [5   Nrn.]     Berlin,  W.   H. 
Kilhl,  1891.     nos.  i,  2.     18  p.  1.  8°,  1.20  m. 
MEDICINE.  "Gould,   G:  L.,  and  Pyle,   Walter 
L.     Anomalies  and  curiosities  of  medicine. 
Phila. ,  Saunders,  1897.     il.  900  p.  8°. 
Contains  a  bibliography. 


MILK.  Irving,  H:  H.  Milk  and  its  products  : 
a  treatise  upon  the  nature  and  qualities  of 
dairy  milk  and  the  manufacture  of  butter 
and  cheese.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  1897.  13+280 
p.  16°. 
Pages  259-267  contains  a  list  of  references, 

"  taken  wholly  from  the  literature  of  American 

agricultural  investigations." 

MORRIS,  William.  Vallance,  Aymer.  The  art 
of  William  Morris.  Lond.,  Bell,  1897. 
Contains  the  first  complete  bibliography  of 
William  Morris  yet  made,  completed  by  Temple 
Scott,  compiler  of  the  annual  record  of  "  Book- 
sales."  It  is  divided  to  cover  original  poems, 
romances,  art,  socialistic  meetings,  transla- 
tions, contributions  to  periodical  magazines, 
articles  on  William  Morris,  reviews  and  criti- 
cisms upon  Morris's  writings,  and  publications 
of  the  Kelmscott  Press. 

ORTHOPTERA.  Scudder,  S:  Hubbard.  Guide 
to  the  genera  and  classification  of  the  North 
American  orthoptera  found  north  of  Mexico. 
Cambridge,  E:  W.  Wheeler,  1897.  90  p.  D. 
$i. 

Full  "bibliographical  notes"  (16  p.)  are 
given  on  each  of  the  seven  families  of  orthop- 
tera described,  and  these  are  followed  by  an 
author  list  of  the  literature  referred  to  in  the 
notes  (5  p.). 

PERIODIC  SYSTEM  of  the  elements.     Venable, 

F.  P.     The  development  of  the  periodic  law. 

Easton,  Pa.,  Chemical  Publishing  Co.,  1896. 

8+321  p.,  $2.50. 

Contains  an  index  of  the  literature  relating 
to  the  periodic  law;  267  titles  are  given,  ar- 
ranged chronologically,  from  1815  to  1896,  fol- 
lowed by  an  index  of  authors. 

PHYSICAL  EDUCATION.     Pierce,  J:  M.     A  list  of 
bibliographies  of  gymnastics  and  other  top- 
ics related   to  physical  education;  reprinted 
from   the  American  Physical  Education  Rt- 
view,  v.  2,  no.   i,   March,   1897.     Bust.,  J.  P. 
Shults,  105  Summer  St.,  1897.     8  p. 
Mr.  Pierce  is  secretary  of  the  Boston  Physi- 
cal Education  Society.     He  lists  about  90  bibli- 
ographies of  the  subject,  with  brief  descriptive 
annotations,  and  gives  references  to  the  libra- 
ries in  Boston  and  its  vicinity,  where  the  publi- 
cations referred  to  may  be  consulted. 

PROTOPLASM.     Davenport,   C:    Benedict.     Ex- 
perimental   morphology.     Part    i.     N.    Y., 
Macmillan,  1897.     14+280  p.  8",  net,  $2.60. 
This  first  part  treats  of  the  effect  of  chemical 
and  physical  agents  upon  protoplasm.     There 
is  a  bibliography  at  the  end  of  each  chapter,  the 
chapter  on  the  action  of  light  on  protoplasm, 
and   that   on  the   action  of  heat,  each  having 
seven  pages  of  bibliography.     Eight  chapters 
are   followed   by   such    bibliographies,   which 
cover  never  less  than  two  pages. 


368 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


97 


RESURRECTIONISTS.     Bailley,    Ja.    Blake.     An 
authentic  history  of  body-snatching:  the  diary 
of  a  resurrectionist,  1811-1812.     N.  Y.,  New 
Amsterdam  Book  Co.,  1897.   8°,  $1.75. 
Contains  a  four-page  bibliography  on  the  his- 
tory of  the  resurrection  men  and  the  passing  of 
the  "anatomy  act"  by  Parliament. 

SCIENCE.  Deniker,  J.  Bibliographic  des  tra- 
vaux  scientifiques  (sciences  mathematiques, 
physiques  et  naturelles)  publics  par  les  so- 
cietes  savantes  de  la  France,  dressee  sous  les 
auspices  du  ministere  de  1'instruction  pub- 
lique.  Tome  i.,  livraison  2.  Paris,  Im- 
primerie  Nationale,  1897.  201+400  p.  4*. 

SUGAR  BEBT.     U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture.     Li- 
brary bulletin,  June,  1897:  References  to  the 
literature  of    the   sugar  beet,  exclusive  of 
works   in    foreign   languages  ;  compiled  by 
Claribel  R.  Barnett.     10  p.  1.  O. 
Covers  bibliographies,  general  works,  peri- 
odicals, articles  in  periodicals,   U.   S.  govern- 
ment publications,  and  state  publications. 

UNITED  BRETHREN  IN  CHRIST.  Berger,  Daniel. 
History  of  the  church  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren in  Christ.  Dayton,  O.,  United  Brethren 
Pub.  House,  1897.  682  p.  O.  $3. 
Appended  (p.  65 1-654)  is  a  four-page  bibliog- 
raphy. 

UNITED  STATES,  History.    Burgess,  J:  W.   The 
middle  period:  1817-58.     N.  Y.,  Scribner, 
1897.     16+544  P-  D.  (Am.  hist.  ser.)$i.75. 
Contains  a  six-page  bibliography  of  "  good 

books  recommended  to  the  general  reader." 

WHITNEY,  W:  Dwight.  The  Modern  Lan- 
guage Association  of  America  has  issued  as  an 
extra  number  of  its  publications  "  A  report  of 
that  session  of  the  first  American  Congress  of 
Philologists,  which  was  devoted  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  late  Professor  William  Dwight  Whit- 
ney, of  Yale  University."  (Boston :  For  the  Con- 
gress, Ginn  &  Co.,  1897.)  The  volume  con- 
tains a  chronological  bibliography  of  the 
writings  of  Professor  Whitney,  from  1844  to 
1894,  including  360  titles.  There  is  also  a  list 
of  20  titles  of  publications  (biographical,  etc.), 
concerning  Professor  Whitney,  and  a  list  of 
three  books  concerning  his  family  and  kin- 
dred. The  volume  is  edited  by  Charles  R. 
Lanman. 

ZOOLOGY.  In  the  report  of  the  66th  meeting 
of  the  British  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  held  at  Liverpool  in  September, 
1896,  is  given  (p.  490-492)  the  report  of  the 
committee  on  zoological  bibliography  and  pub- 
lication. The  report  consists  of  a  series  of 
questions  which  the  committee  is  circulating, 
with  the  view  of  obtaining  a  "  body  of  opinion  " 
for  a  future  report.  The  questions  considered 
are  of  interest  to  librarians. 


INDEXES. 

CUMULATIVE  index  to  a  selected  list  of  periodi- 
cals: authors,  subjects,  titles,  reviews,  por- 
traits.   First  annual  volume,    1896.     Edited 
and  published  by  The  Public  Library,  Cleve- 
land, O.,  1897.     4+381  p.  O. 
The  Cleveland  Public  Library  is  to  be  con- 
gratulated upon  the  success  of  its  experiment 
in  indexing,  begun  last  year,  which  is  no  longer 
an    experiment,    as    this    interesting    volume 
proves.  The  index  in  its  permanent  volume  form 
includes  70  periodicals  instead  of  the  60  with 
which  the  work  was  begun  last  June,  and  it 
embraces  references  to  portraits  and  reviews 
as  well  as  to  articles,  stories,  and  poems.     It  is 
compact,    easy   of    consultation,   and   will   be 
heartily  appreciated  by  all  librarians  to  whom, 
in  its  monthly  "  cumulative"  issues  it  has  be- 
come a  most  useful  tool. 

HENRY  FARRAR,  compiler  of  the  "Index  to 
obituary  notices  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
1731  -  1780,"  published  in  1886,  announces  the 
issue  of  a  continuation  of  that  index  for  the 
period,  1781  -  1868.  This  supplement,  which 
will  cover  over  2000  pages,  will  be  privately 
printed  and  issued  in  four  quarto  volumes, 
giving  the  record  for  the  88  years  in  a  single 
alphabet.  It  will  be  sold  by  subscription  at 
2is.  per  volume,  and  will  be  issued  in  an  edi- 
tion of  350  copies.  Subscriptions  should  be 
sent  to  Mr.  Farrar,  80  Hunton  Road,  S.  E., 
London.  Mr.  Farrar  has  also  in  hand  an 
"Index  to  the  marriages  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  1731-1868,"  which  will  be  issued  by 
Swan  Sonnenschein  &  Co.,  in  five  quarto  vol- 
umes, at  £2  2s. ;  it  also  will  be  in  one  alphabet. 
Several  other  indexes  of  the  sort  hax-e  also 
been  undertaken  by  Mr.  Farrar,  among  them 
the  "  Marriages  and  obituary  notices  in  Scots' 
Magazine,  1739-1826,"  "Obituary  notices  in 
Walker's  Hibernian  Magazine,  1771-1812,"  and 
"Irish  marriages,"  being  an  index  to  the 
"  Marriages  in  Walker's  Hibernian  Magazine, 
1771-1813."  The  latter  will  be  issued  by 
Phillimore  &  Co.,  of  London. 

THE  new  Scientific  American  Supplement, 
which  is  called  a  "reference  catalog"  to 
the  papers  contained  in  that  publication  dur- 
ing the  year,  has  just  been  issued  by  Munn 
&  Co.  The  "  catalog  "  is  practically  a  subject 
index  to  articles  in  the  Scientific  American,  and 
covers  a  wide  variety  of  scientific  subjects  in  a 
practical  way.  The  subject  of  electricity  oc- 
cupies 14  nonpareil  columns,  and  15  subdivis- 
ions, and  the  classification  is  equally  full  in 
such  subjects  as  Engineering,  Iron  and  steel, 
Medicine,  etc.  A  special  edition  of  the  sup- 
plement has  been  printed  on  heavy  paper  for 
library  use,  and  will  be  sent  free  on  request  to 
any  library. 

CORRECTIONS  TO  POOLE.  —  Poole's  index,  1882 
ed.,  p.  256:  under  "  Cid,  chronicle  of,"  for 
Quart.  1:117,  read  Quart.  1:134. 

Ibid.  p.  1241,  2d  col.  under  "  Stael-Holstein, 
Corinne,"  for  Corinne,  Ed.  R.  9:183,  read 
Corinne,  Ed.  R.  11:183.  A.  E.  WHITAKER. 


July,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  369 


(CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  President,) 

BEACON    STREET,  £  BOSTON,    MASS. 

Thorvald  Solberg, 
Frederick  W.  Faxon. 


Specialty:  Periodical  Sets. 

TTHE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  does  not  make  a  practice  of  adver- 

tising sets  not  in  stock  on  the  chance  of  securing  orders,  but  it  actu- 

ally does  carry  a  larger  stock  of  periodicals  than  any  other  one  dealer.     More- 

over, conscientious  efforts  are  made  to  perfect  every  set  before  it  leaves  the 

house,  collators  being  kept  steadily  at  work  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sets  are 

not  simply  "  guaranteed  "  perfect,  but  they  are  made  perfect  before  shipment. 

The   advantages   offered   by   THE    BOSTON    BOOK    COMPANY   are 

jCargest  Stock  of  Sets  to  Select  from, 
ffiest  Worth  for  JTfoney  Expended  .  .  . 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  has  begun  the  publication  of  a 
BULLETIN  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  of  which  the  first  number  is  just  off 
the  press.  This  journal  is  not  for  sale  but  will  be  sent  to  a  select  list  of 
libraries.  Librarians  interested  in  the  publication  who  have  not  received 
the  initial  number,  are  requested  to  send  forra  sample  copy. 

ADDRESS 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COHPANY, 

\5y*  BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


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tion complete.  10  vol.  in-8  sur  papier  de  Hollande,  avec 
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miniatures  du  156  siecle  reprod.  en  phototypie  et  de"crites. 
In-4,  av.  71  planches.  1806.  35  fr. 

*iTIoiiton  (E.).  L'art  d'e'crire  un  livre,  de  I'imprimer 
et  de  le  publier.  In-i6,  1896.  6  fr. 

—  Sur  papier  de  Hollande.  15  fr. 

—  Sur  papier  du  Japon.  30  fr. 
*Odlu  (A.).     La  gimese  des  grands  hommes.    Gens  de 

lettres  modernes.     2  vol.   in-8,  av.  33  tableaux  et  24 

planches  en  coul.    1896.  15  fr. 

Oottter  (DaW.  A.).     Protozoe  helvetica.     2  vol.  en  5 

parties  in-4.    1869-71.    (50  fr.)  25  fr. 

—  Synopsis  des  Brachiopodes  fossiles  des  Alpes  suisses. 
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—  Synopsis  des  Echinodermes  fossiles  des  Alpes  suisses. 
In-4,  av-  2<J  planches.    1865.    (40  fr.)  15  fr. 

—  Putrefactions   remarquables   des   Alpes   suisses.      Le 
Corallien  de  Wimmis.     In-4,  av-   24  planches.     1869. 
(35  fr.)  15  fr. 

*OrblKny(A.  d')-  Voyage  dans  1'Ame'riqueMdridionale. 
Partie  Geologie.  In-fol.  333  pages  de  texte  et  10  planches 
et  cartes  geologiques.  1834.  (75  fr-)  3°  fr- 

* —  Partie  Mantmiflres.  In-folio,  avec  22  planches  colo- 
rie"es.  1834.  (60  fr.)  45  fr. 

Ordonnaiices  des  Rols  de  Frauce  de  la  troi- 
sieme  race,  recueillies  par  ordre  chronologique.  Les 
tres  rares  tomes  16, 17,  iSetig.  In-folio.  1814-1835.  200  fr. 

—  Les  memes,  sur  grand  papier.  300  f  r. 

—  Les  tomes  17,  18  et  19  se"pare"ment  sur  papier  ordinaire, 
chaque  volume.  50  fr. 

*Palermo  (F.).    I  manoscritti  palatini  di  Firenze  ordi- 

nati  ed  esposti.  4  vol.  in-4.  1853-60.  (153  fr.)  30  fr. 
Peruy  (P.).  Dictionnaire  franjais-latm-chinois  de  la 

langue  mandarine  parlee,  avec  appendice.    2  vol.  in-4. 

1869^-72.  (no  fr.)  40  fr. 

*Perret  (P.  M.).  Histoire  des  relations  de  la  France 

avec  Venise  du  136  siecle  i  1'avenement  de  Charles  VIII. 

2  vol.  in-8.  1896.  25  fr. 

Poetes  (Petits)  d  u  XV [lie  siecle,  publes  avec 

notices  bibliographiques  et  prefaces  par  Uzanne,  Dru- 

¥"  m,  Derome,  Lecocq,  Bonhomme,  Asse,  Jullien,  Ferret, 
ourneux  et  Martin-Dairvault.  12  vol.  in-8  sur  papier 
verge",  avec  portraits,  fac-similes,  eaux-fortes  et  illustr. 
grav.  sur  bois.  (120  fr.)  35  fr. 

Vade",  Piron,  Bertin,  Desforges-Maillard,  Lattaignant, 

Gilbert,  Bernis,  Cresset,  Gen  til-Bernard,  Malfilatre,  Bon- 

nard  et  Boufflers. 

*Pomel  (A.).  Paleontologie  de  1'Alg^rie.  8  vol.  in-4, 
av.  in  planches,  1895-96.  245  fr. 

Prlsae  d'Avesnea.  La  decoration  arabe.  Decors 
nouveaux.  Plafonds.  Mosalques.  Vitraux.  Etoffes. 
Tapis.  Reliures.  Faiences.  Ornements  divers  no 
planches  in-folio,  en  gr.  partie  coloriees,  en  carton. 
Paris,  s.  d.  (1886).  (150  fr.)  50  fr. 

Qtiellen  zur  <ie*chiclite  der  Fenerwallcn. 
FacsimilierteNachbildungenalterOriginalzeichnungen, 
Miniaturen,  Holzschnitte  und  Kupferstiche,  nebst  Auf- 
nahmen  alter  Originalwaffen  und  Modelle.  Heraus- 
gegeben  vom  Germanischen  Museum.  198  pi.  avec  178 
pp.  de  texte  en  carton.  1872.  (100  fr.)  30  fr. 

*Kecueil  4es  HIstoriens  dew  Uatilex  et  de  la 
Frauce.  23  vol.  folio,  1869-95.  (1150  fr.)  575  fr. 

*Revue  arclieoloelquo,  ou  recueil  de  document  et 
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Tres  rare,  trfes  peu  d'exemplaires  complets  seulement. 


*R?vue  de«  ArchivoM,  pub.  par  MM.  Ch.  V.  Lane- 

lois  et  H.  Stein,    i  vol.  in-8,  1895-97.  10  fr. 

Kc\  IM>  den  Bibllotheques,  pub.  par  V.  Mortet. 

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*Revue  des  iTInaees,  publ.  par  M.  Salomon  Reinach, 

membre  de  1'Institut.  i  vol.  in-8,  1895-97.  7  fr.  50 

*R*vne  dea  Patois  eallo-romans,  1887-93.  5 

vols.  and  supplt.  (105  fr.)  50  f  r. 

*Revne  des  Qneatlons  IilHtorlques.  Full  set, 

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Romans  celebres.  Petite  Bibliotheque  de  luxe. 
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La  Princesse  de  Cleves.  —  Paul  et  Virginie.  —  Adolphe, 

par  B.  Constant.— Le  Diable  amoureux.— Valerie. — Manon 

Lescaut. — Le  Roman  bourgeois.— Atala,  Ren^,  le  Dernier 

Abenc^rage. — Le  Neveu  de  Rameau. — Le  Comte  de  Com- 

minge. — Le  siege  de  Calais. 

*Koumauic.  Documents  con cernant  les  relations  du 
Patriarcat  de  Jerusalem  avec  la  Roumanie.  Gr.  in-8 
tir^  ;\  ioo  ex.  sur  papier  de  Hollande.  1895.  30  fr. 

Bibliotheque  grecque  vulgaire. 

*Ronsselot  (P.  J.).  Les  modifications  phone*tiques  du 
langage.  Gr.  in-8,  av.  fig.  1891.  25  fr. 

Contenu  dans  5  liv.  de  la  Revue  des  Patois  gallo- 
romans. 

—  Principes   de  phone'tique   exp^rimentale.       In-8.    av. 
beaucoup  de  figures.    Ouvrage  couronne"  par  1'Acade'mie 
(Prix  Volney).    1897.    (Sous  presse.)    Prix  environ 

15  i  20  fr. 
Salmattcensis  Collegii  cursus  theologicus.  20  vol. 

in-8.  Paris,  Palme".  (200  fr.)  120  fr. 

*Scliirmaclier  (Dr.  Kaethe).  Theophile  de  Viau. 

Sein  Leben  und  seine  Werke.  In-8.  1807.  10  fr. 

*—  Aus  alien  Herren  Laender.  Gesammelte  Studien  und 

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*—  Reisebilder.  In-8.  1897.  i  fr.  25 

Scliolarlos.  Table  et  Clef  de  la  Patrologie  grecque 

de  Migne.    Les  3  vol.  parus.    En  grec.    In-4.     1879-83. 

(38  fr.  50.)  20  fr. 

*Scl»wab  (M.).  Bibliographic  d'Aristote.  In-8  (litho- 

graphide).  1896.  25  fr. 

Scrlptores  ordinis  Sancti  Benedictj  qui  1750  i  1880 

fuerunt  in  imperio  Antriaco-Hungarico.    820  pp.  in-4. 

1881.  (12  fr.  50.)  8  fr. 

Spitzer.  Collection  Spitzer.  Antiquit^,  Moyen-Age, 

Renaissance.    6  vol.  in-fol.  av.  337  planches  en  Wliogr. 

ou  en  chromolithogr.  rehaussees  d'or  et  d'argent,  Texte 

par  Molinier,   Muntz,  Bonnafe,  Palustre,   Darcel,  H. 

d'Allemagne,  etc.     En  cartons.    (1500  fr.)  800  fr. 

—  La  collection  Spitzer.    Catalog,  de  vente.    3  vol.  in-4 
et  2  alb.  in-folio.  ioo  fr. 

h  riileme  (H.  P.).  La  litt^rature  francaise  du  196  siecle. 
Bibliographic  des  principaux  prosateurs,  poetes,  auteurs ' 
dramatiques  et  critiques,  avec  indications  biographiques 
et  references  critiques.  Gr.  in-8.  1897.  Broche". 

2  fr.  50 
Relic"  3  fr.  50 

"Voyage  de  S.  A.  Royale  ITI^r  le  Due  de 
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(vers  1845).  (125  fr.)  25  fr. 

\Vi I leiii  i  ii .  Monuments  francais  inddits  pour  servir  & 
1'histoire  des  arts  et  des  costumes  depuis  le  6e  siecle 
jusqu'au  commencement  du  176.  Texte  par  A.  Pettier. 
2  vol.  in-folio,  avec  300  planches.  Paris,  1806  a  1835. 
(Nouveau  tirage  1897.)  (600  fr.)  90  fr. 


Si  vous  avez  besoin  de  livres,  quels  qu'ils  solent,  francais  ou  Strangers,  anciens  ou 
modernes,  adressez-vous  en  toute  confiance  a  ma  librairie,  qui  met  a  votre  service  son  experience 
et  ses  relations  avec  tous  les  pays  du  monde.  Catalogues  speciaux  a  disposition  sur  toutes  les 
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200,000  volumes  en  magasin,  surtout  Collections  de  Revues  et  grands  ouvrages  pour  les  Biblio- 
theques.  Correspondance  dans  une  des  4  langues :  franchise,  allemande,  anglaise  ou  italienne. 
Exactitude,  promptitude  et  conditions  advantageuses  sont  les  3  principes  qui  me  guident. 

H.    WELTER. 


July,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  37I 

Nothing  too  good ! 

The  economical  administration  of  your  library  demands 
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This  construction,  of  course,  costs  more  to  manufacture 
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374 


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[/«'}>,  '97 


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..»  •»         H~/»     ,  i  •»*"  i  Topeka,  Kansas. 
"It  Doesn't  Curl." 

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A.  S.  CLARK,  Bookseller  and  Newsdealer, 

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July,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  375 

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mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 

LIBRARY   REBINDING   DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE 

BOSTON  BOOKBINDING  COHPANY, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

E  beg  to  inform  Librarians  that  we  are  doing  rebinding  work  of  every 
description  for  public  libraries  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Our  flexible  sewing  insures  strength,  and  perfect  opening  of  old 
volumes.  Our  prices  are  low,  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  Libra- 
rians regarding  their  wants. 


LIBRARIES 


WE  solicit  correspondence  with  bookbuyers  for  private  and  other  LIBRARIES 
and  desire  to  submit  figures  on  proposed  lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles.  _ 

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO., 

5   and   7   East    i6t1i    Street,   New   York. 


376 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


LONDON :  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG :  Hospital  Str.  10.        PARIS :  76  Rue  de  Rennes. 


QUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is  the  only   importer  in   America,  who  employs .  no  Agents,   but  has  his  own 
offices  at : 

LONDON:        .      2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 

PARIS:        .        .        .        .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG  :  Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 

Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 

often  an  extra  discount. 
The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 
As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  7^/iursdays 

from  Germany ,"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 

New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 

of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 
Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 

abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 

Librarian. 
Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 

a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 

nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 
VIII.     Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 

of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 

and  by  attending  auction  sales. 
Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 

of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 

volumes. 
Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


II. 
III. 
IV. 


V. 


VI. 


VII. 


IX. 


X. 


XI. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand : 

(The  list  will  be  changed  from  time  to  time.) 


American  Naturalist,  Vol.  1-25.    Philadelphia, 

1868-91.     Bound. 
Annales  des  Sciences  naturelles,  I.  Series  com- 

plete.     33  Vols.     Paris,  1824-33.     Half  calf. 
Annalles  des   Sciences  naturelles:   Zoologie, 

Paleontologie.     Series  II.  to  VII.  complete. 

109  Vols.     Paris,  1834-92.     Half  morocco. 
Annals   and   Magazine   of   Natural   History. 

Complete  Set,  106  Vols.     London,  1838-1889. 

Half  morocco. 
Journal  of  Royal  Asiatic   Society  of   Great 

Britain  and  Ireland.     I.  and  II.  Series.     46 

Vols.     London,  1834-94.     Half  morocco. 
Jahrbucher  fur  National  Oekonomie  und  Sta- 

tistik.     Complete  Set.     1863-94.     Bound. 


Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science. 

Complete   Set,   37   Vols.      London,    1853-89. 

Half  calf. 
Monthly   Microscopical  Journal.     Complete 

Set,  33  Vols.     London,  1869-92.     Half  calf. 
Jahrbuch  fur  Mineralogie.     Complete  Set,  89 

Vols.     Stuttgart,  1830-91.     Half  calf. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society 

of  London.      Complete  Set,  47  Vols.     Lon- 
don, 1845-91.     Half  morocco. 
Transactions   of   the    Geological    Society   of 

London.     Complete  Set.     London,  1811-56. 

Half  calf. 
Zeitschrift    d.    d.    Morgenland.    Gesellschaft. 

Complete  Set.     Leipzig,  1847-89. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 


GUSTAV  E.   STECHERT,  9   East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 


KAY  PRINTING  HOUSE,  66-68  CENTRE  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


THE 


Library   Journal 


OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY    DEVOTED    TO 


library  Economy  ant)  Bibliography 


VOL.  22.     No.  8. 


AUGUST,  1897. 


Contents. 


PAGE 

EDITORIAL 379 

The  International  Library  Conference. 
Differences  in    English   and  American    Library 

Methods. 

Appointments  in  the  Library  of  Congress. 
The  Librarian  of  Congress. 
Library  Department  of  the  N.  E.  A. 
The  Tariff  on  Books. 

ORGANIZATION  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  A  LIBRARY  STAFF. 
—  F.  P.  Hill. 381 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  ENDEAVORS    IN   AMERICA.  —  R.    R. 
Bowker 384 

AN  INTERSTATE  LIBRARY  MEETING  PLANNED.  .  .  .  387 
THE  DISINFECTION  OF  BOOKS  BY  VAPOR  OF  FORMALIN.  388 
MEETING  OF  LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  N.  E.  A.  .  .  389 
THE  TARIFF  RELATING  TO  BOOKS 390 


THE  NEWARK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  BUILDING '.  390 

THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  PLANS 390 

THE  SECOND  INTERNATIONAL  LIBRARY  CONFERENCE, 

LONDON,  JULY  13-16,  1897 391 

Social  and  Travel  Features  of  the  Conference. 
Americans  Present  at  the  Conference. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 408 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 409 

PRACTICAL  NOTES 414 

LIBRARIANS 414 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 415 

BlBLIOGRAFY 416 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 416 

PUBLISHERS'  NOTE 416 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  cu. 

Price  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  the  Union,  aos.^er  annum;  single  numbers,  2*. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


378  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {August,  '97 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  (#cjencg  for  (American  Bi6rarie0 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 

ROUNDED    IN    I860. 
(gJTPPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 

^^f9 

Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  JBoofes  jfounfr. 


Sets  dDafre  "dp. 
JBtn&tng  of  3£t>erg  Class. 

"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College. 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY, 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent   Garden,   LONDON. 
Member  American  Library  Association.  SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


THE     LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


AUGUST,   1897. 


No.  8 


THE  International  Conference  at  London  was 
successful  even  beyond  expectation.  The  at- 
tendance, of  over  500,  was  remarkably  represen- 
tative, including,  besides  the  80  from  the  United 
States,  delegates  or  representatives  from  most 
of  the  English  colonies,  and  from  most  of  the 
civilized  nations.  In  fact  no  continent  was 
without  some  representative  —  South  America 
being  represented  from  British  Guiana;  Asia 
from  India,  Hongkong,  and  Japan;  Africa  from 
the  Cape;  and  Australia  by  several  delegates. 
Most  of  the  leading  governments  designated 
official  representatives,  several  of  whom  took 
part,  speaking  in  English,  in  the  interesting 
final  proceedings  —  an  episode  of  special  inter- 
est as  showing  how  largely  English  is  becoming 
the  world-speech.  The  hospitality  of  the  English 
hosts,  not  only  of  the  librarians  but  of  the  gov- 
ernmental authorities  in  general,  the  represen- 
tatives of  the  navy  in  particular,  the  city  of 
London  and  all  the  cities  and  towns  visited, 
the  owners  of  the  princely  houses  and  estates 
of  England,  and  the  head  of  her  dramatic  art, 
could  not  be  excelled.  And  there  seemed 
especially  evident,  to  the  Americans,  a  uni- 
versal desire  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  official 
discourtesies  or  disagreements  from  the  poli- 
ticians of  the  daughter  country  would  not  be 
permitted  to  shadow  or  lessen  the  real  and 
vital  relations  of  friendship  which  must  exist 
between  the  two  great  nations  of  the  English- 
speaking  race.  In  a  large  sense  the  happiest 
result  of  the  conference  was  this  knitting  to- 
gether, in  intimate  personal  relationship  and 
appreciation,  of  the  two  countries  as  represented 
by  people  so  much  at  the  centres  of  intelligence 
and  influence  as  are  the  librarians  of  to-day. 


FROM  the  professional  point  of  view  the  con- 
ference was  scarcely  less  a  success.  The  papers 
were  most  of  them  broad,  informing,  or  sugges- 
tive. There  were  almost  none  which  wasted  the 
time  of  the  conference.  The  first  paper  called 
out  a  lively  discussion,  which  set  the  pace  for 
the  rest  of  the  meeting,  and  there  was  for  the 
most  part  a  remarkable  exemption  from  the  too 
well-known  gentlemen  who  are  more  anxious  to 
hear  their  own  voices  than  to  contribute  to  the 


well-being  of  their  fellows.  Perhaps  the  most 
marked  difference  between  the  conferences  held 
in  America  and  this  in  England  was  in  the  con- 
siderable number  of  scholarly  or  bibliographical 
(as  distinguished  from  cataloging)  papers  and 
the  absence  of  the  many  committee  reports  which 
in  the  American  conferences  of  later  years  so 
systematically  cover  the  library  field.  This  last 
is,  perhaps,  because  English  librarians  have 
not  reached  out  into  co-operative  work  as  Ameri- 
can librarians  have  done,  while  on  the  other 
hand  England  has  developed  a  much  more 
extensive  library  literature,  aside  from  techni- 
cal helps,  than  has  America.  It  was  much 
regretted  that  with  the  crowded  program,  the 
still  more  crowded  features  of  hospitality,  and 
the  large  number  present  from  widely  separate 
places,  there  was  less  of  direct  personal  inter- 
course and  acquaintanceship  than  is  usual  at 
the  American  conferences,  and  the  fact  that  the 
English  librarians  had  exhausted  their  vacation 
possibilities  in  preparing  for  and  attending  the 
conference  itself  kept  them  from  the  pre-  and 
post-conference  excursions  so  much  enjoyed  by 
the  Americans,  and  lost  this  opportunity  for 
those  pleasant  and  profitable  acquaintanceships 
which  have  done  so  much  to  unify  and  dignify 
the  library  profession  in  America. 


WHILE  the  library  profession  and  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  as  its  representative  must  continue  to 
express  regret  that  the  greatest  opportunity  in 
the  American  library  field  has  been  treated  as  a 
question  of  political  and  partisan  preferment, 
there  will  be  the  heartiest  disposition  to  recog- 
nize to  the  fullest  extent  every  act  on  the  part 
of  the  new  Librarian  of  Congress  which  goes  to 
show  that  he  means  to  make  the  great  library 
at  Washington  really  a  national  library,  and  to 
man  it  with  the  best  men  and  adopt  for  it  the 
best  methods  possible.  Nothing  can  do  more 
to  justify  the  selection  of  Mr.  Young  than  the 
admirable  appointments  he  has  made  for  -the 
leading  positions.  Mr.  Spofford's  long  and 
great  services  to  the  national  library  are  recog- 
nized by  appointment  to  a  post  in  which  his 
knowledge  and  experience  should  be  of  the 
greatest  importance  ;  Mr.  Green  was  the  one 


38o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  '97 


man  in  the  country  to  become  superintendent  of 
the  building  itself,  the  success  of  which  is  due  so 
largely  to  his  catholic  ability  ;  Mr.  Hutcheson 
has  well  earned  in  this  library  itself  the  recog- 
nition that  comes  with  his  appointment  as 
superintendent  of  the  reading-room  ;  and  there 
can  be  but  one  opinion  as  to  the  choice  for  the 
new  office  of  Register  of  Copyrights  of  the  one 
man,  Mr.  Solberg,  best  fitted  for  this  post  by  his 
specific  knowledge  of  copyright  bibliography, 
by  his  previous  experience  in  one  division  of  the 
national  library,  and  by  his  earnest  desire  to 
do  everything  that  he  does  in  the  best  way  in 
which  it  can  be  done.  Mr.  Solberg's  appoint- 
ment was  strongly  urged  by  the  representatives 
of  the  copyright  leagues  and  by  all  friends  of 
copyright,  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  in 
this  connection  Mr.  Young  expressed  his  strong 
desire  to  administer  the  library  throughout,  in 
the  selection  of  men,  on  the  best  principles. 


THERE  will  be  general  hope  that  the  out- 
come of  Mr.  Young's  appointment  by  President 
McKinley,  though  justly  to  be  criticised  as 
a  partisan  act,  may  have  as  happy  an  out- 
come as  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Crandall  by 
President  Cleveland,  which  justly  met  with 
the  same  criticism.  Mr.  Crandall  has  proved 
one  of  the  most  effective  officers  in  the  service 
of  the  government,  and  the  best  wishes  of  the 
library  profession  will  be  with  Mr.  Young  in 
hope  that  his  record  will  be  the  same.  While 
librarians  emphasize  the  need  of  training  as  a 
chief  qualification  for  the  profession,  there  is 
no  feeling  of  narrowness  in  excluding  from  li- 
brary work  those  not  already  members  of  the 
profession,  as  the  thorough  appreciation  of  Mr. 
Crandall  has  shown,  and  Mr.  Young  will  find 
himself  heartily  welcomed  by  every  librarian, 
to  the  extent  that  he  makes  the  national  library 
what  it  should  be  and  what  it  may  be,  one  of 
the  foremost  libraries  in  the  world. 


THERE  seems  little  doubt  that  the  Library 
Department  of  the  National  Educational  Asso- 
ciation was  propitiously  launched  at  Milwau- 
kee in  July.  As  this  was  the  first  regular 
meeting  of  the  department  since  its  organiza- 
tion at  the  Buffalo  conference  of  the  N.  E.  A.  a 
year  ago,  it  was  of  special  importance  that  it 
should  be  an  interesting  and  an  influential  one. 
It  seems  agreed  that  it  was  both.  The  attend- 
ance was  not  large,  as  compared  with  that  of 
other  section  meetings  of  the  conference,  but 


there  was  plenty  of  enthusiasm,  and  plans  were 
laid  for  a  year  of  active  work,  while  one  of  the 
most  encouraging  features  of  the  occasion  was 
the  real  interest  that  seemed  awakened  among 
teachers  in  the  subject  of  children's  reading  and 
its  guidance.  Nearly  all  in  attendance  at  the 
meetings  were  teachers  —  there  were  but  about 
20  librarians  present,  a  representation  much  be- 
low what  had  been  hoped  for  —  and  most  of 
these  were  to  be  ranked  among  the  younger 
workers.  Both  of  these  facts  are  encouraging, 
for  it  is  on  the  teacher  that  the  success  of  li- 
brary work  in  the  schools  must  depend,  and  it 
is  particularly  the  younger  teachers,  whose 
methods  of  work  are  yet  in  the  formative  stage, 
that  it  is  desirable  to  reach.  How  best  to  do 
this,  and  how  practically  and  effectively  to  de- 
fine and  strengthen  what  are  vaguely  termed 
"the  relations  between  libraries  and  schools," 
are  among  the  most  important  of  present  educa- 
tional questions.  The  realization  of  this  fact 
was  shown  at  the  Milwaukee  meeting  by  the 
decision  to  appoint  a  special  committee  to  inves- 
tigate and  report  upon  this  subject.  Such  a  re- 
port, if  it  covers  the  field  practically,  dealing 
with  conditions  and  not  only  with  theories, 
should  rank  with  the  famous  report  of  the  Com- 
mittee of  Fifteen  on  secondary  school  studies, 
and  should  be  a  contribution  of  the  greatest 
value  to  a  subject  that  has  not  yet  had  much 
detailed  attention  from  the  educational  side. 


IT  is  gratifying  to  note  that,  as  it  has  emerged 
from  the  conference  committee  and  become  law, 
the  new  tariff  bill  accepts,  for  the  most  part,  the 
modifications  suggested  by  the  members  of  the 
American  Library  Association  as  regards  books, 
many  of  them  in  the  exact  form  in  which  amend- 
ment was  suggested.  While  books,  etc.,  are 
made  dutiable  at  25  per  cent.,  the  free  list  in- 
cludes those  imported  for  the  use  of  the  United 
States  or  of  the  Library  of  Congress;  those  more 
than  20  years  old;  those  issued  by  scientific  and 
literary  bodies,  or  by  individuals  for  gratuitous 
private  circulation,  and  public  documents  issued 
by  foreign  governments  ;  those  exclusively  in 
languages  other  than  English  ;  those  in  raised 
print  for  the  blind ;  those  imported ,  not  more  than 
two  copies,  for  educational  institutions,  state,  or 
public  libraries,  and  those  brought  in  by  per- 
sons coming  from  abroad,  if  actually  used  by 
them  not  less  than  one  year.  These  are  fairly 
liberal  provisions  in  the  free  list,  and  their 
adoption  is  further  evidence  of  the  value  of 
the  A.  L.  A.  in  practical  relations.  . 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


ORGANIZATION   AND    MANAGEMENT   OF   A   LIBRARY   STAFF. 
BY  FRANK  P.  HiLL,  Librarian  Newark  {N.  J.}  Free  Public  Library, 


THE  usefulness  of  a  library  depends  upon  the 
efficiency  of  assistants  and  clerks  employed 
for  upon  them  devolves  the  duty  of  meeting 
the  public  and  its  demands.  The  institution 
relies  upon  its  assistants  for  its  reputation  at 
home  and  abroad;  and  it  is  unnecessary  to  say, 
therefore,  that  the  staff  should  be  organized 
and  managed  on  a  business  basis,  in  the  inter- 
ests of  the  library  and  the  public. 

It  is  quite  essential  that  there  should  be  only 
one  head,  and  that  he  should  know  his  business. 
The  executive  officer  must  not  be  arbitrary,  but 
must  expect  to  have  it  said  of  him,  if  he  keeps 
the  institution  up  to  a  proper  level,  that  he  is 
exacting  and  hard  to  please.  Even  at  the  ex- 
pense of  popularity,  the  librarian  must  "keep 
at  "  his  assistants  if  he  wishes  to  secure  system 
and  order.  He  must  maintain  the  high  stand- 
ard of  excellence  and  duty  of  the  staff  by 
watchfulness  and  at  the  risk  of  being  considered 
fault-finding.  He  should  be  strict,  showing  no 
partiality  to  relatives  or  friends,  and  should 
have  no  favorites  on  the  staff  to  receive  favors. 
It  is  his  duty  to  bring  to  the  notice  of  the  staff 
not  only  the  good  things  done,  but  any  lapses 
which  have  occurred  of  such  a  general  nature 
as  may  be  named  without  hurting  the  feelings 
of  any  individual. 

Two  classes  of  employes  with  whom  the 
wide-awake,  progressive  librarian  is  unpopular 
are,  first,  those  who  shirk  their  duty  ;  second, 
those  who,  though  doing  their  duty  to  the  best 
of  their  ability ,  lack  system  and  order,  yet  do  not 
want  to  be  found  fault  with. 

I  am  not  called  upon  to  define  the  duties  of 
assistants,  or  to  answer  question  as  to  whether 
they  shall  learn  all  library  work  or  only  the 
work  of  one  department,  inasmuch  as  libraries 
differ  as  to  details  ;  but  rather  to  consider  how 
to  keep  those  assistants  to  their  duties. 

The  ideal  assistant  should  be  willing  to  do 
whatever  is  asked  of  her.  She  should  be  al- 
ways courteous  and  polite,  good-natured  and 
obedient,  accurate,  systematic  and  orderly, 
prompt  and  regular,  attentive  and  faithful,  en- 
thusiastic and  forbearing,  and  above  all  things 
she  should  possess  adaptability.  It  is  better  to 
be  over-polite  than  overbearing,  and  the  assist- 
ant must  be  impressed  with  the  fact  that  she 
is  a  servant  of  the  people,  submitting  many 
times  to  inconveniences  and  sometimes  to  insult, 
but  never  allowing  the  visitor  to  receive  any- 
thing but  the  best  attention. 


There  are  few  ideal  assistants  and  fewer 
ideal  librarians,  therefore  we  shall  speak  of  the 
ordinary  mortal  who  takes  a  position  in  a  pub- 
lic library. 

COURTESY  AND  POLITENESS.  —  It  is  quite  es- 
sential to  good  government  that  there  should  be 
an  esprit  de  corps  so  pronounced  that  it  will  be 
noticeable  to  those  who  come  into  the  library. 
Even  though  there  may  be  some  little  jealou- 
sies—  and  they  cannot  be  avoided  where  20  or 
30  women  are  gathered  together  —  still  it  is 
possible  to  keep  the  knowledge  of  them  from 
the  public.  A  cheerful  "good-morning  "  and  a 
happy  "good-night"  are  appreciated  even  by  a 
dyspeptic. 

Quoting  from  the  writer's  paper  on  "  Library 
service "  as  prepared  for  the  World's  Library 
Congress:  "What  might  be  called  'class- 
friendships  '  are  [often]  formed,  wherein  those  of 
a  higher  grade  look  down  on  those  of  a  lower, 
and  as  sometimes  occurs,  do  not  want  to  as- 
sociate with  or  do  the  work  of  the  other.  If 
allowed  to  remain,  such  a  spirit  breeds  con- 
tinual dissension.  Pluck  it  out  at  once,  even 
at  the  cost  of  hard  feeling.  When  self  is  cast 
aside  and  all  are  working  for  the  common  good, 
the  result  is  pleasing  alike  to  the  public,  the 
trustees,  and  the  staff.  The  members  of  the 
staff  should  keep  in  touch  with  each  other  as 
well  as  with  all  departments  of  the  library.  Good 
feelings  produce  good  results.  It  is  an  excel- 
lent thing  to  bring  the  staff  together  (outside 
of  library  hours)  to  discuss  library  matters  ; 
and  better  still  to  meet  socially  on  an  occasional 
winter  evening." 

If  such  care  is  necessary  toward  those  with 
whom  we  associate  daily,  how  much  more  is  it 
necessary  toward  the  public  who  come  to  the 
library  for  business  purposes  !  There  is  not  an 
individual  among  my  readers  who  does  not  have 
his  or  her  favorite  clerk  with  whom  to  trade 
at  the  store,  and  the  same  rule  applies  to 
patrons  of  the  library.  If  we  are  not  good- 
natured  with  our  co-laborers,  obedient  to  our 
superiors,  and  courteous  and  polite  toward  the 
public,  resentment  will  be  visited  upon  the  li- 
srary  employes  and  management. 

SYSTEM  AND  ORDER.  —  "A  place  for  every- 
thing and  everything  in  its  place  "  is  one  of  the 
first  rules  to  learn,  and  should  be  the  motto  of 
every  aspiring  assistant.  To  aid  assistants  in 
iving  up  to  this  "motto  certain  rules  are  essen- 
tial. 


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{August,  '97 


Rules  are  made  to  be  kept  and  not  to  be  broken, 
and  are  for  the  whole  force  and  not  for  a  part  of 
it.  They  are  made  because  they  are  wise,  just, 
and  fair  to  the  public  and  assistants  alike. 
They  are  necessary  for  the  good  order,  govern- 
ment, and  organization  of  any  library  staff  or 
any  business  enterprise  whatsoever. 

Rules  as  plain  as  the  nose  on  one's  face  are 
easily  obeyed.  Others  that  should  be  as  plain 
are  skipped  for  no  reason  whatever.  Large 
rules  are  obeyed  ;  it  is  in  small  rules  and  small 
things  that  lapses  occur.  It  is  necessary  to 
iterate  and  reiterate  these  small  rules  in  order 
to  impress  the  necessity  for  observing  all  rules. 

Sometimes  one  is  inclined  to  do  things  in  a 
little  different  way  when  there  is  no  crowd  than 
when  there  is  a  rush.  This  will  not  do.  Time 
saved  when  a  crowd  is  present  is  worth  a  great 
deal  to  the  library  and  to  the  public,  but  not  at 
the  expense  of  system  and  accuracy. 

Nor  can  rules  be  broken  quietly  when  there 
is  no  crowd.  If  this  is  done,  the  individual  de- 
riving the  benefit  is  quite  likely  to  expect  the 
same  special  favor  in  spite  of  the  crowd. 

Some  think  they  may  break  a  rule  just  a  little, 
and  some  think  that  they  may  break  it  and  no 
one  else  on  the  staff  ought  to  break  it.  The 
only  safety  is  in  having  rules  for  all  and  liv- 
ing up  to  them.  One  who  is  not  satisfied 
to  obey  the  rules  as  laid  down  should  not  make 
rules  of  her  own,  but  should  quietly  take  her  de- 
parture. 

The  executive  head  expects  assistants  to 
have  such  knowledge  of  their  own  particular 
work  that  they  can  suggest  improved  methods 
of  doing  that  work,  and  such  suggestions  are 
always  desirable  and  pertinent.  The  librarian 
is  always  ready  to  adopt  the  best  and  easiest 
way.  If  the  assistant  thinks  her  way  is  better 
than  the  one  adopted  she  ought  to  advise  with 
the  executive  officer,  or  the  one  at  the  head  of 
her  particular  department,  before  adopting  it, 
in  order  that  there  may  be  unison.  It  is  not 
safe  to  take  too  much  for  granted.  A  few 
questions  asked  of  the  authorities  will  save 
many  little  heartburns. 

From  the  "  Public  library  handbook  "  I  quote: 
"  If  the  library  authorities  have  established  a 
certain  way  of  doing  a  thing,  make  up  your 
mind  that  in  all  probability  there  is  a  reason  for 
adopting  that  system,  and  so  determine  to 
understand  it  thoroughly  and  follow  it  faith- 
fully. The  end  and  aim  of  every  system  is 
order  and  economy;  to  keep  apart  things  that 
ought  to  be  apart,  and  to  keep  together  things 


that  ought  to  be  together."  Work  should  be 
left  so  that  anyone  can  take  it  up  and  never  at 
loose  ends. 

A  high  standard  is  necessary,  and  assistants 
must  expect  to  be  corrected  and  spoken  to  when 
mistakes  are  made,  and  should  not  "  get  sulky  " 
when  attention  is  called  to  such  mistakes.  If 
one  does  not  want  to  be  found  fault  with,  the 
best  thing  to  do  is  to  perform  the  prescribed 
duty  or  resign.  It  is  better  to  accept  criticism 
and  correction  in  the  spirit  in  which  they  are 
given  than  to  resent  them. 

If  attention  is  not  given  to  the  rules  as  laid 
down  by  the  trustees  and  librarian,  one  must 
expect  to  have  fault  found,  but  it  is  very  much 
better  to  submit  to  what  may  seem  stringent 
rules  than  to  take  the  government  in  one's  own 
hands.  Assistants  must  understand  that  the 
one  in  charge  of  any  department  is  to  be  obeyed 
and  has  authority  to  enforce  discipline.  The 
heads  of  departments  should  be  backed  up  by 
the  librarian.  In  short,  obedience  is  one  of  the 
chief  foundation  stones  of  the  library  organiza- 
tion. 

ACCURACY.  —  Mistakes  will  occur.  Nobody 
knows  this  better  than  the  librarian,  who  also 
knows  that  attention  must  be  called  to  these 
mistakes  whenever  and  wherever  they  occur,  in 
order  that  they  may  happen  as  seldom  as  pos- 
sible, the  great  consideration  being  to  reduce 
mistakes  to  the  least  possible  number.  To  in- 
sure accuracy  in  records  the  initial  should  be 
used  in  all  possible  transactions,  so  that  errors 
may  be  traced  and  corrected. 

There  are  those  who  believe  the  librarian 
delights  in  detecting  errors,  in  finding  fault  and 
in  administering  reproof  ;  that  when  he  is  in- 
specting the  library  with  an  attentive  ear  and 
an  observing  eye  it  is  for  the  sole  purpose  of 
picking  flaws.  Don't  be  misled;  don't  be  sus- 
picious; such  is  not  the  fact.  No  one  knows 
better  than  he  that  praise  and  encouragement 
are  good  and  necessary  stimulants,  and  he  is. 
or  ought  to  be,  willing  to  use  them  freely. 

FAITHFULNESS  AND  ATTENTION.  —  By  attention 
and  habit  one  is  surprised  to  find  how  easy  it  is 
to  do  naturally  the  right  thing  at  the  right 
time  —  to  give  the  right  answer  to  the  right 
person. 

Make  yourself  familiar  with  all  details  of  the 
work  wherever  possible.  It  is  better  to  respond 
to  a  call  twice  and  find  that  the  person  has  been 
attended  to  than  to  learn  afterward  that  the  per- 
son had  waited  a  long  time  for  some  one  to  come. 

Do  a  little  more  than  your  share. 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


383 


ENTHUSIASM.  —  There  will  always  be  some  on 
the  staff  who  are  at  work  only  for  the  money 
they  get  out  of  it.  From  such  people  one  need 
expect  very  little  enthusiasm  and  very  little 
real,  good,  downright  hard  work.  In  most 
cases  the  attendant  who  comes  to  the  work 
when  young  —  at  18,  or  even  younger — is 
likely  to  have  more  love  for  the  work,  to  under- 
stand better  the  real  ideas  of  discipline,  and  to 
become  more  enthusiastic  than  one  who  takes 
up  the  work  at  30,  or  later.  The  latter,  if  she 
has  never  worked  before,  is  more  inclined  to 
go  her  own  way,  and  to  be  a  little  more  forget- 
ful of  the  necessity  for  rules  and  regulations 
than  would  be  the  case  were  she  younger. 

TIME  RECORD  AND  HOURS  OF  LABOR.  — The  li- 
brary requires  and  is  entitled  to  so  many  hours 
a  day,  and  to  say  that  assistants  should  meet 
this  requirement  is  merely  stating  a  business 
truism. 

The  average  day  should  not  exceed  seven 
hours. 

These  hours  are  short,  and  one  should  expect 
to  work  up  to  them  closely.  Nine  o'clock  means 
at  work  at  nine,  and  not  in  the  building  at 
nine. 

A  time  record  is  necessary,  and  should  be 
kept  on  honor  if  assistants  will  do  it ;  if  not,  a 
time-clock  takes  the  place  of  honor.  Until  an 
assistant  becomes  accustomed  to  regularity  she 
is  quite  likely  to  think  that  five  minutes  is  not  of 
special  importance  to  the  library,  particularly  if 
she  is  coming  back  five  minutes  ahead  of  her 
usual  time,  forgetting  for  the  moment  the  in- 
convenience that  such  change,  without  notice  to 
the  proper  head,  is  likely  to  make  to  the  other 
assistants.  System  must  be  maintained.  If  one 
assistant  comes  and  goes  in  the  fashion  men- 
tioned she  disarranges  the  system  and  incom- 
modes the  others. 

Arrival  and  departure  should  be  put  down 
day  by  day,  and  not  left  for  two  or  three  days. 
If  one  comes  in  five  minutes  early  the  record 
should  be  made  at  the  proper  time  and  not  at 
the  real  time  of  arrival,  for  it  infrequently  hap- 
pens that  one  goes  to  work  before  the  hour 
set. 

Promptness  and  regularity,  therefore,  are 
prime  requisites. 

Members  of  the  staff  should  not  spend  time 
in  talking  to  friends.  You  are  not  expected  to 
sit  down  with  those  friends  and  talk  over  fam- 
ily and  social  matters  in  library  time,  and  at  a 
busy  time  should  not  stop  to  talk,  but  ask  to  be 
excused.  At  such  a  time  the  business  obliga- 


tion is  greater  than  any  social  one.  It  is  hardly 
necessary  to  say  that  constant  conversation 
should  not  be  carried  on  among  assistants  who 
happen  to  have  work  away  from  the  delivery- 
desk  or  the  head  of  any  department,  any  more 
than  they  would  be  expected  to  look  out  of  the 
window  at  every  passing  vehicle,  because  both 
are  a  waste  of  time. 

CONCLUSION.  —  Assistants  should  be  allowed 
time  for  illness  and  occasional  absences  for  a 
short  time  without  the  loss  of  pay,  where  it  can 
be  made  up  without  injury  to  discipline  or  to  the 
work,  and  should  be  allowed  to  change  with 
others.  Assistants  should  feel  that  they  can 
have  an  occasional  leave  of  absence,  and  that 
they  are  not  tied  to  the  grindstone  so  closely 
that  there  is  no  relief.  Absence  for  one-half 
hour  or  more  for  a  good  reason  should  be  made 
up  without  loss  of  pay. 

When  absent  regard  should  be  had  for  others, 
and  reasons  should  be  sent  to  the  librarian 
without  delay. 

Assistants  should  also  be  allowed  to  come  in 
at  any  time  outside  of  their  own  hours  to  learn 
work  in  other  departments  than  in  the  one  to 
which  they  are  assigned.  Promotion  should  be 
made  from  grade  to  grade  whenever  merit  war- 
rants the  filling  of  a  vacancy  through  such  pro- 
motion. 

The  easy-going  librarian  is  complained  of 
more  than  the  opposite  kind.  If  good  results 
are  obtained  in  any  library  they  must  come 
through  the  hearty  co-operation  of  trustees,  li- 
brarian, and  the  staff. 

"There  is  no  more  important  function  of  the 
executive,"  says  Mr.  Crunden,  "than  that  in- 
volved in  his  relation  to  his  staff.  It  is,  indeed, 
the  very  sum  and  centre  of  the  executive  de- 
partment, for  all  orders  of  the  board,  as  well  as 
all  action  lying  within  the  librarian's  initiative, 
must  be  executed  through  assistants,  and  the 
effective  organization  and  oversight  of  his  staff 
is  therefore  the  prime  duty  of  the  librarian  as 
executive  officer.  Much  of  the  success  of  the 
library,  as  of  a  business  house,  depends  on  the 
effective  organization  of  the  staff.  The  libra- 
rian should  take  a  personal  interest  in  his  as- 
sistants down  to  the  youngest  page.  He  should 
encourage  them  in  self-improvement,  he  should 
fairly  and  favorably  represent  them  to  the  trus- 
tees, securing,  as  far  as  possible,  their  dues  in 
hours,  opportunities,  and  salaries.  It  also  goes 
without  saying  that  he  should  stand  between 
his  assistants  and  unfounded  complaints  or  un- 
reasonable criticism  from  the  public." 


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[August,  '97 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL    ENDEAVORS    IN    AMERICA.* 


BY  R.  R.  BOWKER. 


THE  wearied  bibliographer,  at  work  upon  a 
book  about  books,  has  sometimes  an  overwhelm- 
ing sense  of  the  littleness  of  human  endeavor. 
He  feels  himself  a  "second  cousin  twice  re- 
moved "  from  literature;  a  cube  root  only  in  the 
integration  of  books;  a  minor  craftsman  who 
makes  the  key  which  opens  the  door  to  the  ves- 
tibule of  "  kings'  treasuries."  The  scholar,  in- 
deed, is  disposed  to  aver  that  the  bibliographer 
often  makes  not  so  much  a  key  as  a  burglar's 
"  jimmy,"  forcing  entry  into  all  storehouses  of 
knowledge,  which  should  be  properly  ap- 
proached only  by  trained  skill  and  patient  re- 
search. The  Scripture  text,  "  Of  making  many 
books  there  is  no  end;  and  much  study  is  a 
weariness  of  the  flesh,"  comes  home  with  a 
realizing  sense  indeed  to  the  bibliographer. 
Perhaps  I  have  no  right,  as  chiefly  an  editor,  a 
bibliographer-by-proxy,  to  voice  these  com- 
plaints; but  I  am  nevertheless  in  the  better  po- 
sition to  recognize  that  patient  toil,  often  done 
in  the  dejection  I  have  indicated,  by  the  great 
number  of  bibliographical  scholars  whose  work, 
after  all,  is  of  real  and  wide  service,  the  more 
in  these  days  and  in  coming  days,  when  even 
the  work  of  selection  is  beyond  the  province  of 
any  one  scholar  in  any  one  field,  and  when  the 
bibliographer  must  be  more  and  more  depend- 
ed upon  to  clear  the  way  for  the  scholar.  It  is 
in  this  spirit  that  I  shall  endeavor  to  present 
briefly  to  this  company  of  English  and  Ameri- 
cans gathered  under  their  common  roof,  and 
of  librarians  and  bibliographers  from  many  sis- 
ter nations,  an  index  review  of  American  en- 
deavors in  bibliography. 

In  the  early  years  American  bibliography  was 
largely  a  book-trade  matter,  and  such  in  good 
part  it  has  continued  to  be.  So  early  as  1802 
an  American  Company  of  Booksellers  was  or- 
ganized, which  made  almost  its  first  business  the 
publication  in  1804  of  a  "Catalogue  of  all  the 
books  printed  in  the  United  States,"  which 


*  Paper  read  at  International  Library  Conference,  Lon- 
don, July  16,  1897,  and  here  printed  with  the  request  to 
librarians  to  supply,  for  the  purposes  of  the  "  American 
catalogue,  1800-76,"  herein  described,  titles  of  any  bibliog- 
raphies not  mentioned  herein  or  in  the  articles  by  A. 
Growoll  in  the  Publishers'  Weekly  of  June  19  and  26  and 
July  3- 


catalog  had  the  imprint  of  the  "booksellers  in 
Boston."  Thereafter  there  was  little  outside 
the  book  lists  printed  periodically  in  the  Port 
folio  and  in  the  North  American  Review  until, 
in  1847,  Simeon  Ide,  of  Claremont,  N.  H.,  pub- 
lished a  "  Reference  trade  list,"  compiled  by 
Alexander  V.  Blake,  which  proved  the  avant 
courier  of  an  important  kind  of  work,  though  it 
is  scarcely  to  be  classed  as  bibliography.  This 
publication  presented  the  book  lists  of  Ameri- 
can publishers  of  the  day,  printed  in  the 
order  of  publishers,  and  was  the  forerunner 
of  the  several  aggregations  of  publishers'  lists 
into  one  or  more  volumes,  now  to  be  found 
in  the  United  States,  England,  France,  and 
Italy.  The  idea  was  taken  up  by  Mr.  Howard 
Challen,  who  printed  in  18673  uniform  "Trade 
list  circular,"  into  which  publishers'  catalogs 
were  combined,  which  was  followed  in  1872  by 
the  "Trade  circular  annual,"  issued  by  Fred- 
erick Leypoldt.  In  1873  Mr.  Leypoldt  began 
in  its  present  form  the  "  Publishers'  trade  list 
annual,"  which  gave  the  model  for  Whitaker's 
"Reference  catalogue  of  English  literature," 
published  successively  in  1874, 1875,  1877,  1878, 
1880,  1885,  1889,  and  1894;  for  the  "  Catalogo 
collettivo  della  libreria  italiana,"  doing  like  ser- 
vice for  Italy,  first  issued  in  1878;  and  for  the 
"  Bibliographic  Franjaise,"  started  in  France 
during  the  year  past  by  H.  Le  Soudier. 

In  the  meantime,  American  bibliographers  in 
England,  as  well  as  English  bibliographers, 
were  doing  more  for  American  bibliography 
than  the  Americans  at  home.  George  P.  Put- 
nam, the  publisher,  issued  in  1845,  while  in  Lon- 
don, a  compilation  of  "  American  facts,"  con- 
taining a  literary  department.  That  veteran 
bibliographer,  Sampson  Low,  printed  in  1856 
his  "  American  catalogue,  or  English  guide  to 
American  literature,"  purporting  to  give  works 
published  in  the  United  States  since  1800,  but 
containing  really  books  after  1840;  Nicholas 
Triibner  published  in  1855  his  "  Bibliographical 
guide  to  American  literature,"  and  Henry 
Stevens,  "of  Vermont,"  printed  in  1866  his 
"  Catalogue  of  the  American  books  in  the  library 
of  the  British  Museum  at  Christmas,  1856," 
supplemented  by  later  bibliographies  from  his 
workshop  and  by  a  valuables  mass  of  later  en- 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


385 


tries  now  in  the  possession  of  his  son.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  how  largely  American  bibli 
ography,  during  these  years,  had  its  seat  in  the 
mother-country. 

An  enterprising  young  bookseller,  Orville  A- 
Roorbach,  apprenticed  in  1821  to  Evert  Duyck- 
inck  in  New  York,  began,  on  his  removal  to 
Charleston,  S.  C.,  "At  the  sign  of  the  Red 
Bible,"  the  systematic  collection  of  American 
book  titles,  beginning  with  1820  ;  and  in  1849, 
being  then  again  in  New  York  with  George  P. 
Putnam,  he  published  the  first  volume  of  his 
"  Bibliotheca  Americana,"  including  reprints 
and  original  American  publications  from  1820 
to  1848  inclusive.  This  was  extended  by  a  sup- 
plement published  in  1850,  both  of  which  were 
combined  in  his  "Bibliotheca  Americana"  of 
1852,  in  turn  continued  by  a  supplement  of  1855, 
a  volume  of  addenda  of  1858,  and  a  volume  IV. 
of  1861.  The  latter  volume  was  issued  by 
the  son  of  the  original  compiler,  who  died  in 

1861.  Roorbach,    although   his   work  is  most 
imperfect  bibliogaphically,  is  entitled  to  great 
credit  for  his  personal  labors  and  professional 
enterprise  in  making  the  first  real  "American 
catalogue."     His   work   was  complemented   in 
some  measure  in  the  periodicals  and  volumes 
edited  by  Charles  B.  Norton  between  1851  and 

1862.  With  the  war,  however,  the  book  trade 
suffered  a  period  of  stagnation,  but  the  mantle 
of  Roorbach  fell  upon  a  young  Irishman  named 
James  Kelly,   who  in   1866   published  the  first 
volume  of  his  "American  catalogue,"   1861  to 
1865   inclusive,  and  in  1871  a  second  volume, 
bringing  the  record-up  to  that  date. 

In  1876,  the  centennial  year  which  gave 
stimulus  to  many  important  American  enter- 
prises, including  the  LIURARY  JOURNAL  and  the 
organizing  meeting  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  Frederick  Leypoldt,  among  the 
foremost  of  American  bibliographers,  started  the 
compilation  of  the  original  volume  of  the  present 
"  American  catalogue  "  series.  This  was  con- 
fined to  books  in  print  and  for  sale  in  1876, 
and  made  two  huge  volumes,  one  of  author- 
and-title  and  one  of  subject  entries,  which 
work  has  been  supplemented  by  three  succes- 
sive volumes,  covering  the  periods  1876-84, 
1884-90,  and  1890-95,  the  later  ones  with 
appendixes  giving  the  publications  of  the  United 
States,  of  the  several  states,  and  of  publishing 
societies  of  America  —  the  last-named  contain- 
ing, in  the  volume  for  1890-95,  entries  of  the 
issues  from  nearly  500  such  societies,  some  of 


them  of  the  first  literary  or  bibliographical  im- 
portance. This  work  is  the  culmination  of  the 
trade  bibliographical  work  carried  through  the 
office  of  the  Publishers'  Weekly,  beginning  with 
the  weekly  full-title  annotated  record,  proceed- 
ing with  the  monthly  index  in  the  first  issue  of 
each  month,  carried  forward  in  the  "Annual 
American  catalogue,"  for  which  the  type  has 
literally  been  kept  standing  from  week  to  week 
till  the  end  of  the  year,  and  so  on  to  the  large 
five-yearly  volumes.  This  is,  perhaps,  the  most 
comprehensive  national  bibliography  which  has 
been  attempted  in  the  book  trade. 

Work  is  now  going  forward  upon  a  volume  in 
this  series,  scheduling  the  books  of  the  early 
part  of  the  century  not  in  print  in  1876,  which, 
with  the  volume  for  1895-1900,  will  complete  a 
record  of  American  books  of  the  igth  century 
and  furnish  material  for  a  systematized  general 
catalog  supplementing  that  noble  achievement, 
the  British  Museum  printed  catalog,  should  it 
be  found  practicable  to  print  such  a  compre- 
hensive and  costly  work.  I  am  glad  to  note 
that  Dr.  Garnett  has  kindly  indicated  the  wil- 
lingness of  the  British  Museum  authorities  to 
give  every  facility  for  completing  this  material 
from  its  rich  resources,  one  of  many  services  for 
which  I  have  endeavored  to  indicate  the  grati- 
tude of  American  bibliographers  by  inscribing 
to  him  the  current  volume  of  the  "American 
catalogue." 

The  works  of  Obadiah  Rich,  who  published 
his  "Bibliotheca  Americana  Nova  1493-1844" 
in  London  in  1835  and  1846;  of  E.  G.  Allen,  who 
printed  a  small  catalog  of  books  before  1800 
relating  to  America  ;  and  of  the  two  Russell 
Smiths,  whose  "Bibliotheca  Americana  "  (really 
sales  catalogs)  were  published  in  London  in 
1849, 1853,  1865, 1871,  and  1874,  were  the  prede- 
cessors of  the  very  remarkable  piece  of  work 
initiated  by  Joseph  Sabin,  another  American 
veteran  who  gave  years  of  his  life  to  the  prep- 
arations for  his  "Bibliotheca  Americana," 
not  completed  during  his  lifetime,  but  continued 
under  the  publishing  management  of  his  son. 
Many  of  the  early  volumes  had  the  benefit  of 
the  editorship  of  C:  A.  Cutter,  and  the  later 
volumes  have  been  edited  by  Wilberforce 
Eames,  librarian  of  the  Lenox  Library,  New 
York.  Mr.  Sabin,  during  his  years  of  book- 
selling and  auction-room  experience,  collected 
every  title  on  which  he  could  lay  hands,  and  of 
his  great  work  116  parts,  carrying  the  alphabet 
to  Smith,  have  already  been  issued.  Whether 


386 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  '97 


the  work  will  be  ultimately  completed  through 
the  alphabet  it  is  not  fully  possible  to  say.  In 
this  category  is  to  be  mentioned  also  Henry 
Harrisse's  "  Bibliotheca  Americana,"  descrip- 
tive of  works  relating  to  early  America,  1492- 
1551,  published  in  New  York  in  1856, with  a  sup- 
plement issued  in  Paris  in  1872. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  of  early  American 
publications  was  the  "Bookbuyer's  manual," 
published  in  New  York  in  1853  by  George  P. 
Putnam,  which  was  resumed  in  1872  and  con- 
tinued under  the  title  of  "Best  reading,"  in 
successive  volumes,  under  the  general  manage- 
ment of  his  son  and  worthy  successor,  George. 
Haven  Putnam.  These  books  were  intended  as 
select  guides  to  general  literature,  foreshadow- 
ing Sonnenschein's  "  Best  books,"  and  since 
the  issue  of  that  more  important  work  it  has 
been  found  unnecessary  to  continue  the  Ameri- 
can publication. 

Meantime,  however,  a  new  class  of  bibliog- 
raphy has  developed  in  America,  based  on 
what  George  lies,  its  chief  promoter,  calls  the 
"  evaluation  ''  of  books.  The  "  Readers'  guide 
in  economic,  social,  and  political  science,"  is- 
sued through  the  Society  for  Political  Educa- 
tion by  Mr.  lies  and  myself,  in  1891,  was  an 
attempt  in  this  direction  ;  but  the  best  example 
of  it  has  been  found  in  the  so-called  "  List  of 
books  for  girls  and  women  and  their  clubs," 
originally  planned  in  other  shape  by  Miss  Ellen 
M.  Coe,  but  issued  under  the  auspices  of  the 
American  Library  Association  in  1895,  under 
Mr.  lies'  management  and  chiefly  at  his  cost, 
Mrs.  A.  H.  Leypoldt  being  associated  in  the 
editorial  work.  Since  the  issue  of  that  vol- 
ume—  or,  in  its  small  series,  volumes  —  Mr. 
lies  has  also  provided  for  an  expansion  of  a 
part  of  the  work,  the  divisions  of  fine  arts  and 
music,  into  a  very  remarkable  annotated  bibliog- 
raphy of  those  subjects,  prepared  respectively 
by  two  of  the  first  American  scholars  in  those 
departments  —  Mr.  Russell  Sturgis  and  Mr. 
Henry  E.  Krehbiel.  This  work,  although  cov- 
ering only  two  specific  fields,  is  an  admirable 
example  of  the  work  to  which  Mr.  lies  is  most 
altruistically  devoting  his  time,  force,  and 
money.  Something  of  the  sort,  although  not 
in  bibliographical  form,  had  already  been  done 
by  American  scholars  in  the  field  of  history; 
but  the  descriptive  notes  and  comparative  an- 
notations planned  by  Mr.  lies  are  a  distinct  de- 
velopment of  bibliographical  literature  proper. 

In  the  library  field,  America  has  made  several 


bibliographical  endeavors  worthy  of  note.  The 
great  catalog  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  al- 
though now  out  of  date,  has  been  for  years  a 
standard  in  cataloging  ;  the  composite  catalog 
of  the  Brooklyn  Library,  semi-dictionary,  semi- 
classed,  compiled  by  Mr.  S.  B.  Noyes,  its  first 
librarian,  was  for  many  years  used  throughout 
American  libraries  as  a  substitute  for  such  a 
volume  as  Sonnenschein's  work  ;  the  Peabody 
Institute  of  Baltimore  has  issued  a  remarkable 
catalog,  and  there  are  others  beyond  possibility 
of  mention.  American  library  bibliography  has, 
however,  taken  the  shape  rather  of  special  lists, 
such  as  those  of  the  Boston  Public,  Harvard, 
Providence,  and  other  libraries,  published  usu- 
ally in  library  bulletins;  or  of  card  calalogs, 
often  with  useful  notes  or  annotations  as  to  the 
value  of  a  book,  and  this  last  method  has  de- 
veloped into  the  co-operative  card  catalog  pro- 
moted by  the  American  Library  Association, 
and  published  for  it  by  the  Library  Bureau. 
The  plan  of  providing  co-operatively  full  title 
entries  with  annotations  for  use  on  library 
cards  has  been  under  consideration  in  American 
library  circles  for  many  years,  and  one  attempt 
was  made  in  the  weekly  "Title-slip  registry," 
which  reprinted  the  weekly  lists  from  the  Pub- 
lishers' Weekly  on  one  side  of  thin  paper,  so 
that  the  entries  might  be  cut  out  and  pasted  on 
cards  of  any  size.  These  same  titles  were  also 
printed  for  a  while  on  cards,  but  then,  as  now, 
it  was  difficult  to  obtain  adequate  support  for 
such  work,  and  it  is  still  a  question  whether  the 
cards  issued  by  the  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section, 
which  are  subscribed  for  by  less  than  100  libra- 
ries, can  find  a  continuous  and  adequate  sup- 
port. 

Within  the  year  past  five  of  the  most  impor- 
tant libraries,  at  the  initiative  of  Dr.  Jolin  S. 
Billings,  of  the  New  York  Public  Library,  now 
in  process  of  development,  have  united  in  the 
preparation  of  printed  cards  for  articles  in  the 
scientific  periodicals,  and  a  plan  is  under  con- 
sideration for  putting  these  cards  at  the  service 
of  other  libraries  through  the  medium  of  the 
Publishing  Section. 

The  Publishing  Section  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association  itself  is  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting developments  in  American  biblio- 
graphical work.  Its  purpose  is  to  provide  for 
the  printing  of  bibliographies  and  other  library 
aids  which  could  not  be  provided  by  any  one 
library  and  would  not  be  issued  by  any  pub- 
lisher. Among  its  distinctive  work  has  been 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


38? 


the  provision  of  lists  of  books  for  children,  such 
as  Sargent's  "Reading  for  the  young"  and 
Miss  Hewins'  recent  little  list  of  "  Books  for 
boys  and  girls,"  and  the  issue  of  the  "  List  of 
subject-headings,"  edited  by  Gardner  M.Jones. 
This  use  of  library  co-operation  may  be  cord- 
ially commended  to  the  associations  of  other 
nations,  for  it  has  proved  one  of  the  best  re- 
sults that  the  American  Library  Association  can 
show.  Under  its  auspices,  and  under  the  title 
of  the  "A.  L.  A.  index  to  general  literature," 
there  has  been  published  the  index  to  essays 
and  the  chapters  of  composite  books,  edited 
by  Mr.  W.  I.  Fletcher,  the  associate  of  Dr. 
Poole  and  the  chairman  of  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion, which  is  of  international  value. 

A  word  should  be  said  of  the  remarkable 
work  of  Dr.  Poole  himself,  known  throughout 
the  world  as  "  Poole's  index,"  the  more  re- 
markable because  it  was  planned  and  first 
issued  by  him  while  a  student  in  Yale  College. 
This  index  to  periodical  literature  is,  perhaps, 
as  well  known  as  any  single  bibliography  pub- 
lished. It  has  been  extended  in  five-yearly 
supplements  by  Dr.  Poole's  associate,  Mr. 
Fletcher,  with  the  co-operation  of  members  of 
the  American  Library  Association,  and  is  now 
continued,  as  is  also  the  "  A.  L.  A.  index  to 
general  literature,"  in  annual  lists  which  form 
part  of  the  "Annual  literary  index."  The 
monthly  and  quarterly  compilations  of  this  sort 
had  been  discontinued  with  the  appearance  of  the 
"Annual  literary  index,"  but  within  the  year 
past  Mr.  W.  H.  Brett,  of  Cleveland,  has  issued 
from  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  a  "  Cumu- 
lative index  "  to  periodical  literature,  of  most 
interesting  plan.  He  uses  the  linotype  machine 
to  print  in  January  an  index  to  articles  in  Jan- 
uary magazines,  in  February  an  index  to  Jan- 
uary and  February  magazines,  and  so  on,  until 
the  December  issue  covers  cumulatively  the 
entries  for  the  whole  12  months  and  becomes  a 
record  of  the  year  and  a  permanent  volume. 

Our  national  library,  still  called  the  Library 
of  Congress,  has  not  yet  taken  its  proper  place, 
filled  in  large  measure  in  the  mother-country 
by  the  British  Museum,  of  heading  and  cen- 
tralizing bibliographical  work.  The  few  printed 
volumes  of  its  catalog  are  partial,  incomplete, 
and  antiquated,  and  the  physical  congestion 
prevailing  until  lately  has  made  progress  diffi- 
cult. The  Weekly  Register  of  copyrights  also 
has  not  been  bibliographically  useful.  But  the 


national  library  is  now  removing  its  books  to 
the  finest  library  building  in  the  country,  and  it 
is  in  process  of  reorganization,  the  registry  of 
copyrights  being  made  a  distinctive  department. 
This  gives  the  library  a  remarkable  opportunity. 
For  a  fee  of  50  cents,  additional  to  a  like 
fee  for  copyright  entry,  the  Register  of  Copy- 
rights is  obliged  to  return  a  record  of  copyright, 
and  it  is  the  practice  of  copyright  propri- 
etors to  pay  the  double  fee  and  obtain  the 
record  in  all  cases.  If,  in  the  new  develop- 
ments, it  should  be  arranged  that  this  record 
shall  take  the  shape  of  a  printed  card  for  cata- 
log entry,  and  if  duplicates  of  such  cards 
could  be  supplied  to  subscribing  libraries,  a 
great  step  forward  in  practical  bibliography 
would  be  made. 

For  co-operation,  and  in  this  case  centraliza- 
tion, is  a  vital  feature  in  this  class  especially 
library  work.  All  that  can  be  done  once  for  all, 
and  by  one  for  all,  should  be  so  done.  The  more 
"the  librarian  of  the  future"  is  freed  from 
mere  record  work,  the  more  opportunity  he  will 
have  for  the  useful  exercise  of  his  individuality. 
First,  collection,  but  foremost,  selection,  must  be 
the  golden  word  in  the  treatment  of  books. 
So,  first  co-operation,  but  foremost  individuali- 
zation,  must  be  the  golden  word  in  the  admin- 
istration of  libraries.  The  superstition  that 
one  book  must  be  cataloged  a  hundred  times  in 
as  many  libraries,  to  ensure  a  supply  of  cata- 
logers  and  librarians,  is  unworthy  of  the  day. 
The  printed  card,  the  general  bibliography,  co- 
operative helps  of  all  kinds,  should  liberate  the 
time,  the  money,  and  the  force  of  the  librarian 
and  his  staff,  for  the  more  vital  work  of  adapt- 
ing his  library  to  the  local  and  individual  needs 
of  the  particular  community  of  human  beings 
which  it  is  his  duty  and  his  delight  to  serve. 


AN  INTERSTATE  LIBRARY  MEETING 
PLANNED. 

A  NEW  development  of  the  joint  library  asso- 
ciation meetings  that  have  proved  so  successful 
within  the  last  year  or  so,  is  planned  for  the 
coming  winter,  when  it  is  proposed  to  hold  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  librarians  of  Wisconsin,  Min- 
nesota, Iowa,  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Michigan, 
for  the  special  discussion  of  library  commis- 
sions, travelling  libraries,  and  libraries  and 
schools.  The  place  and  date  are  not  yet  defin- 
itely decided,  though  it  is  probable  that  the 
meeting  will  be  held  in  or  near  Chicago  in 
January  or  February  next. 


388 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


THE  DISINFECTION   OF    BOOKS   BY 
VAPOR  OF  FORMALIN. 

IN  1896,  at  the  suggestion  of  Dr.  J.  S.  Bil- 
lings, then  director  of  the  Laboratory  of  Hy- 
giene of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  a  se- 
ries of  experiments  were  undertaken  at  that 
laboratory  by  Elmer  Grant  Horton,  testing  the 
efficiency  of  formalin  vapor  as  a  disinfectant  for 
books..  The  results  of  Mr.  Horton's  experi- 
ments were  described  by  him  in  the  Medical 
News  of  August  8,  1896.  Since  then  formalin 
vapor  has  attracted  considerable  attention  as  a 
book  disinfectant;  it  has  been  used  for  this  pur- 
pose by  Dr.  Billings  at  the  New  York  Public 
Library,  and  many  librarians  have  asked  for 
information  as  to  its  use  and  effect. 

In  his  article,  which  was  also  reprinted  in 
pamphlet  form  from  the  Medical  News,  Mr. 
Horton  refers  briefly  to  the  probability  of  li- 
brary books  being,  at  one  time  or  another, 
handled  by  persons  with  infectious  diseases, 
and  thus  becoming  channels  through  which 
the  disease  may  be  disseminated.  This  dan- 
ger, he  says,  is  not  a  matter  of  conjecture, 
"for  Du  Cazel  and  Catrin  have  shown  that 
books  may  be  the  vehicles  of  contagion.  The 
results  of  their  experiments  were  positive  for 
the  diptheria  bacillus,  streptococcus,  and  pneu- 
mococcus,  although  negative  for  tubercle  bacil- 
lus and  bacillus  of  typhoid."  The  methods  of 
disinfection  used  by  these  and  other  investiga- 
tors were  so  elaborate  as  to  be  impracticable  for 
general  use.  The  process  proposed  by  Du 
Cazel  and  Catrin  involved  disinfection  of  the 
book  by  the  autoclave,  and  necessitated  the  ex- 
clusion of  bound  volumes  and  board  covers, 
which  were  injured  by  the  process.  To  obviate 
this  difficulty,  Miquel  in  his  experiments  used  a 
strip  of  cloth,  saturated  in  formalin  and  stretched 
on  rollers,  and  spread  directly  beneath  a  rack 
on  which  the  books  were  placed,  with  the  edge 
of  the  leaves  downwards,  the  whole  being  cov- 
ered by  a  large  jar  for  from  24  to  48  hours. 
Similar  experiments  in  the  use  of  formalin  were 
made  by  Von  Ermengem  and  Sugg,  who  found 
that  sterilization  could  be  effected  at  a  tem- 
perature of  60°  C.  in  24  hours,  but  who  con- 
sidered books  as  difficult  of  disinfection. 

The  experiments  conducted  by  Mr.  Horton 
were  made  with  the  purpose  of  testing  a  method 
at  once  simple  and  efficient.  The  continued 
maintenance  of  a  temperature  of  60"  C.  (140°  F.) 
was  thought  to  be  generally  impracticable,  and 
the  tests  were  made  at  room  temperature  vary- 
ing from  19°  to  31°  C.  (66.2°  to  87.8*  F.).  To 
avoid  cutting  the  leaves  of  the  books,  a  sheet  of 
paper  was  folded  once,  and  between  the  two 
leaves  thus  formed  was  placed  a  sheet  of  paper 
2  cm.  square.  The  sheets  with  their  enclosed 
squares  were  then  sterilized  by  dry  heat,  placed 
in  a  book  at  desired  pages,  and  the  squares 
smeared  with  a  24-hour-old  bouillon  culture  of 
the  organisms  chosen  —  which  were  B.  typhi 
abdominalis,  B.  diphtheria,  and  staphylococcus 
pyogenes  aureus,  "  all  of  which  are  likely  to  oc- 
cur in  books."  After  drying  the  cultures  by 
use  of  the  incubator,  and  obtaining  control  cul- 
tures from  the  squares,  the  books  were  placed 


under  a  bell- jar.  A  measured  amount  of  forma- 
lin was  then  placed  in  a  shallow  glass  dish  under 
the  bell-jar  and  allowed  to  evaporate,  the  sur- 
face of  evaporation  varying  from  26  to  70  sq. 
cm.  "  After  removal  from  the  exposure  to 
formalin  the  books  were  allowed  to  stand  for 
various  periods  of  time,  protected  from  dust. 
At  several  dates  after  the  exposure,  portions  of 
the  squares  were  placed  in  bouillon  at  37°  C. 
(98.6°  F.),  and  observed  daily  for  some  time." 
The  periods  of  exposure  were  for  24  hours  and 
over,  for  one  hour,  and  for  15  minutes,  with 
varying  proportions  of  air  to  amount  of  forma- 
lin. "The  results  demonstrated  that  i  c.c.  of 
formalin  to  300  c.c.  of  air  will  thoroughly  dis- 
infect a  book  in  15  minutes,  while  with  an  ex- 
posure of  one  hour  no  greater  amount  of  air 
can  be  permitted  without  vitiating  the  result. 
If  the  exposure  be  extended  to  24  hours,  disin- 
fection failed  to  be  obtained  with  375  c.c.  of  air 
to  I  c.c.  of  formalin." 

The  specific  conclusions  reached  are  thus 
summarized: 

1.  Books  can  be  disinfected  in  a  closed  space 
simply  by  vapor  of  commercial   formalin,  by 
using  i  c.c.  of  formalin  to  300  c.c.  or  less  of 
air. 

2.  The  vapor  of  formalin  is  rapid  in  its  disin- 
fectant action.     The  effect  produced  in  the  first 
15  minutes  is  practically  equivalent  to  that  ob- 
served after  24  hours. 

3.  An  increase  in  the  amount  of  air  to  each 
c.c.  of  formalin  is  not  counterbalanced  by  an  in- 
crease in  the  time  of  exposure. 

4.  In  case  the  disinfection  has  been  incom- 
plete, the  vitality  of  the  organisms  has  been  so 
weakened  that  they  survive  only  if  transferred 
in  a  few  hours  to  media  suitable  for  their  de- 
velopment. 

5.  The  use  of  vapor  of  formalin  is  not  detri- 
mental, as  far  as  observed,  in  any  manner  to 
the  books,  nor  is  it  objectionable  to  the  operator 
beyond  a  temporary  irritation  of  the  nose  and 
eyes,   somewhat  similar  to  that   produced  by 
ammonia. 

In  connection  with  the  subject  of  disinfection 
of  library  books,  it  may  be  noted  that  in  the 
Memorial  de  la  Librairie  Francaise  for  June  10 
and  17  of  this  year,  M.  Ferd.  Vander  Haeghen, 
of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Belgium,  discusses 
"  Books  and  contagious  diseases,"  and  paints  a 
gruesome  enough  picture  of  the  dangers  to  pub- 
lic health  that  lie  in  "  a  fatal  habit  that  is  con- 
stantly increasing,  that  of  moistening  the  finger 
to  turn  the  page  of  a  book."  He  cites  the  state- 
ment of  Messrs.  Du  Cazel  and  Catrin  as  to  the 
communicability  of  disease  by  means  of  books, 
and  urges  that  public  attention  be  more  effec- 
tively called  both  to  the  danger  of  infection  that 
persistence  in  the  habit  referred  to  entails,  and 
to  its  offensiveness  as  injuring  and  defacing  the 
books  themselves.  The  editor  of  the  Memorial 
remarks  that  it  is  in  childhood  only  that  in- 
struction in  the  proper  use  of  books  will  be 
effective,  and  suggests  that  the  minister  of 
public  instruction  issue  a  circular  on  the  sub- 
ject, which,  if  the  rules  given  therein  were  fol- 
lowed, would  effectually  prevent  "the  increase 
of  a  habit  prejudicial  to  the  health  of  all." 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


389 


MEETING  OF  LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT 
OF  THE  N.   E.  A. 

THE  conference  of  the  National  Educational 
Association,  held  in  Milwaukee,  July  6-9, 
was  of  especial  interest  to  librarians,  as  it 
marked  the  first  general  meeting  of  the  Library 
Department  of  that  association,  which  was 
organized  at  the  Buffalo  conference  a  year  ago. 
The  department  held  two  sessions,  on  July  8 
and  9,  at  both  of  which  there  was  a  large  and 
interested  attendance.  The  place  of  meeting 
was  Calvary  Church,  considered,  perhaps,  the 
hottest  church  in  the  city,  and  the  weather 
was  oppressively  sultry.  Yet  at  the  first  meet- 
ing the  attendance  was  200,  and  at  the  second 
there  was  an  audience  of  between  700  and  800. 
Nearly  all  of  those  present  were  teachers. 
About  20  librarians  attended,  the  majority  be- 
ing from  Wisconsin  and  Illinois.  Among  those 
present  from  more  distant  states  were  W.  R. 
Eastman,  Mr.  Wiswell,  and  Miss  Myrtilla 
Avery,  of  the  New  York  State  Library;  A.  L. 
Peck,  of  the  Gloversville  (N.  Y.)  Public  Library; 
Mr.  Brandegee,  trustee  of  the  Utica  (N.  Y.)  Pub- 
lic Library;  Mr.  Patton,  of  the  Helena  (Mont.) 
Public  Library;  and  Miss  M.  W.  Plummer,  of 
the  Pratt  Institute  Library.  In  the  absence  of 
Miss  Ahern,  secretary  of  the  department,  Miss 
Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh,  of  the  Milwaukee 
Public  Library,  acted  in  her  place.  The  presi- 
dent, Mr.  Dewey,  was  also  absent,  and  all  ar- 
rangements as  to  program  were  made  by  the  vice- 
president,  J.  H.  Van  Sickle,  of  Denver,  who  was 
most  active  in  making  the  meeting  a  success. 

The  first  session,  on  the  afternoon  of  July  8, 
was  opened  by  Mr.  Van  Sickle,  who  read  a 
communication  from  Mr.  Dewey,  urging  the 
importance  of  the  work  of  the  department  and 
emphasizing  the  value  of  the  present  meeting 
as  an  occasion  for  the  exchange  of  suggestion 
and  experience  between  librarians  and  teachers. 
Miss  Mae  Schreiber,  of  the  Milwaukee  State 
Normal  School,  then  read  a  paper  on  "Train- 
ing teachers  to  co-operate  with  librarians."  in 
which  she  described  as  an  example  of  special 
training  for  this  work  the  course  in  "  literature 
and  library  reading  "  conducted  at  the  Milwau- 
kee State  Normal  School. 

"Observations  upon  children's  reading  "  was 
presented  by  R.  W.  Bullock,  a  student  of  peda- 
gogy in  the  University  of  Colorado,  who  sum- 
marized the  results  of  investigations  on  the 
subject,  data  for  which  was  obtained  in  the 
schools  of  Denver  and  its  vicinity.  The  "ob- 
servations "  made  gave  additional  proof  to  the 
established  fact  that  most  children  read  "  not 
wisely  but  too  well,"  and  that  improvement  in 
the  quality  of  reading  is  sadly  needed.  There 
was  an  animated  and  interesting  discussion  on 
the  subject,  which  was  opened  by  Miss  Millicent 
Kaltenbach,  of  North  Denver,  who  had  found 
that  school-room  libraries  were  helpful  factors 
in  improving  the  reading  of  school-children. 
Many  others,  teachers  and  librarians,  offered 
their  opinions,  and  the  paper  proved  perhaps 
the  most  inspiring  one  of  the  meeting. 

The  session  was  closed  by  Prof.  Richard 
Jones,  literature  inspector  of  the  University  of 


the  State  of  New  York,  who  spoke  on  "The 
moral  and  literary  responsibility  of  librarians  in 
selecting  books."  A  committee  of  five  to  nomi- 
nate officers  and  report  on  organization  was 
then  appointed,  F.  A.  Hutchins  being  named 
as  chairman. 

The  second  and  final  session,  on  Friday  after- 
noon, opened  with  a  paper  on  "  How  to  make 
sure  of  good  books  in  our  libraries,"  by  W.  R. 
Eastman,  who  found  four  conditions  necessary 
to  wise  selection  :  (i)  Definite  responsibility  of 
the  trustees,  (2)  a  distinct  comprehension  of  the 
difference  between  good  and  bad  books,  (3)  ex- 
pert judgment,  and  (4)  special  information  con- 
cerning new  publications. 

W.  H.  Smiley,  principal  of  high  school  dis- 
trict no.  i,  of  Denver,  followed  with  a  talk  upon 
"  The  relation  of  the  library  to  art  education  in 
the  schools."  Mr.  Smiley  considered  some  of 
the  means  whereby  the  library  can  cultivate 
refined  taste  among  teachers  and  pupils,  and 
can  supplement  the  department  of  drawing,  if 
there  be  one,  or  can  make  good  the  deficiency 
if  no  such  department  exists.  To  this  end  he 
urged  that  the  library  bring  to  the  notice  of 
teachers  the  masters  of  illustration  in  the  litera- 
ture of  childhood;  that  it  catalog  the  work  of 
the  artist  with  the  same  care  that  it  catalogs  the 
work  of  the  author,  and  that  it  make  the  libra- 
ry itself  a  place  at  once  inviting  and  artistically 
attractive. 

The  closing  paper  was  the  feature  of  the 
afternoon.  It  was  on  "  Literature  and  democ- 
racy," and  was  by  William  Hawley  Smith, 
author  of  "The  evolution  of  Dodd."  Mr. 
Smith's  incisiveness,  humor,  and  direct  state- 
ments made  his  address  wholly  delightful.  It 
was  largely  an  argument  for  the  proper  teach- 
ing of  reading  in  schools,  and  for  the  provision 
of  bright  and  cheerful  books  for  children.  He 
recommended  the  use  of  magazines,  and  strong- 
ly urged  the  value  of  close  relations  with  libra- 
ries and  librarians. 

The  recommendations  submitted  by  the  com- 
mittee on  organization  were  then  accepted,  and 
it  was  Voted, 

"  i.  That  the  Library  Department  secure  an 
enrolment  of  those  interested  in  its  work. 

"2.  That  a  committee  be  appointed  to  pre- 
pare and  recommend  lists  of  books  and  editions 
suited  for  the  reading  and  reference  use  of  pu- 
pils in  the  several  grades  of  the  public  schools, 
to  report  at  the  annual  meeting,  and  to  make 
partial  reports  from  time  to  time  through  the 
press  and  at  as  early  a  date  as  possible. 

"3.  That  a  committee  of  not  less  than  seven 
nor  more  than  15,  which  shall  include  the  de- 
partment president,  be  appointed  to  report  on 
the  relations  of  public  libraries  to  the  public 
schools,  indicating  methods  of  co-operation  by 
which  the  usefulness  of  both  may  be  increased. 

"4.  That  the  appointment  of  these  commit- 
tees be  made  by  the  officers  of  the  department 
acting  as  an  executive  board." 

The  officers  of  the  department  for  1897-98 
were  elected  as  follows:  President,  L.  D.  Har- 
vey, president  Milwaukee  State  Normal  School; 
Vice-president,  J.  H.  Van  Sickle  ;  Secretary, 
Miss  Myrtilla  Avery,  N.  Y.  State  Library. 


39° 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


THE  TARIFF  RELATING  TO  BOOKS. 

THE  following  is  the  exact  text  of  the  book 
provisions  of  the  tariff  act  approved  July  24: 

SCHEDULE  tA.— Manufactures  of  Papers. 

403.  Books  of  all  kinds,  including  blank  books  and 
pamphlets,  and  engravings  bound  or  unbound,  photo- 
graphs, etchings,  maps,  charts,  music  in  books  or  sheets, 
and  printed  mutter,  all  the  foregoing  not  specially  pro- 
vided for  in  this  act,  twenty-five  per  centum  ad  valorem. 

FRRK  LIST. 

500.  Books,  engravings,  photographs,  etchings,  bound 
or  unbound,  maps  and  charts  imported  by  authority  or 
(or  the  use  of  the  United  States  or  for  the  use  of  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress. 

501.  Books,  maps,    music,    engravings,    photographs, 
etchings,  bound  or  unbound,  and  charts  which  shall  have 
been  printed  more  than  twenty  years  at  the  date  of  im- 
portation, and  all  hydrographic  charts  and  publications 
issued  for  their  sub  cnber,  or  exchanges  by  scientific  and 
literary  associations  or  academies,  or  publications  of  in- 
dividuals for  gratuitous  private  circulation,  and  public 
documents  issued  by  foreign  governments. 

501.  Bgoks  and  pamphlets  printed  exclusively  in  lan- 
guages otherthan  English;  also  books  and  music  in  raised 
print,  used  exclusively  by  the  blind. 

503.  Books,  maps,  music,  photographs,  etchings,  litho- 
graphic prints,  and  charts,  specially  imported,  not  more 
than  two  copies  in  any  one  invoice,  in  good  faith,  for  the 
use  or  by  order  of  any  society  or  institution  incorporated 
or  established  solely  for  religious,  philosophical,  educa- 
tional, scientific,  or  literary  purposes,  or  for  the  en- 
couragement of  the  fine  arts,  or  for  the  use  or  by  order  of 
any  college,  academy,  school  or  seminary  of  learning  in 
the  United  States,  or  any  state  or  public  library,  and  not 
for  sale,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  shall  prescribe. 

504  Books,  libraries,  usual  and  reasonable  furniture, 
and  similar  household  effects  of  persons  or  families  from 
foreign  countries,  all  the  foregoing  if  actually  used 
abroad  by  them  not  less  than  one  year,  and  not  intended 
for  any  other  person  or  persons,  nor  for  sale. 


THE  NEWARK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 
BUILDING. 

THE  "conditions  of  competition"  for  the 
new  building  of  the  Newark  Public  Library, 
issued  in  pamphlet  form  to  architects  on 
June  21,  outline  the  main  features  of  what 
should  prove  an  interesting  and  suggestive 
example  of  library  architecture.  The  erection 
of  the  new  building  was  authorized  by  the 
bill  of  March  17,  1896,  which  provided  for 
the  issue  of  $300,000  worth  of  bonds  for  the 
purpose.  The  site  chosen  is  centrally  located 
on  Washington  street,  and  the  building,  ex- 
clusive of  architects'  fees,  stacks,  and  fittings,  is 
to  cost  not  over  $190,000.  In  the  preparation 
of  the  conditions  the  library  committee  have 
been  aided  by  Prof.  A.  D.  F.  Hamlin,  of  Colum- 
bia University,  as  consulting  architect.  The 
competition  is  open  to  all  architects,  but  five 
firms  will  be  especially  invited  to  enter.  Each 
of  these  will  receive  $250  for  their  work,  but  in 
case  one  of  the  five  should  be  selected,  this  sum 
is  to  be  considered  as  a  first  instalment  on  his 
commission.  All  plans  must  be  submitted  be- 
tween Sept.  20-23,  and  within  one  week  after 
that  date  a  jury  of  award,  consisting  of  the  con- 
sulting architect,  a  member  of  the  library  board 
and  the  librarian,  will  make  final  decision. 

The  conditions  call  for  an  "administration 
building,"  directly  communicating  with  a  stack 
building.  The  former  is  to  consist  of  three 
stories  and  a  basement,  and  should  be  made 


1  as  broad  and  short  as  the  requirements  of 
ight  and  space  will  permit."  In  the  base- 
ment are  to  be  placed  a  children's  room,  news- 
>aper  reading  room,  delivery -station  room, 
>indery,  packing  and  repair  rooms,  public  and 
staff  bicycle  rooms,  and  facilities  for  storage, 
etc.  The  delivery-room  is,  of  course,  the  main 
'eature  of  the  first  floor,  but  the  most  interest- 
ng  details  of  the  plan  are  found  here  in  the 
provision  of  a  fiction-room  and  a  biography- 
•oom,  where  free  access  will  be  practicable  to 
the  books  in  these  classes.  These  two  rooms, 
with  the  public  catalog-room,  must  be  grouped 
with  the  delivery-room  proper,  or  may  form  sub- 
stantially one  room,  if  desired,  and  should  be 
at  the  rear  of  the  building,  to  allow  direct  com- 
munication with  the  stacks.  On  this  floor  also 
s  the  main  reading-room,  a  public  check-room, 
and  the  librarian's  public  room.  The  third 
floor  is  to  be  given  up  to  the  reference-room, 
study  and  special  collections  rooms,  staff  and 
work  rooms,  and  trustees'  room;  while  the  third 
story  shall  contain  a  lecture-hall  for  about  250 
people.  The  stack  building  is  to  have  present 
accommodation  for  200,000  v.,  with  ample  pro- 
vision for  future  extension. 


THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 
PLANS. 

THE  first  architectural  competition  for  plans 
for  the  building  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary was  closed  on  July  15,  when  88  designs 
had  been  submitted.  The  report  of  the  ad- 
visory committee,  consisting  of  Prof.  Ware, 
Dr.  Billings,  and  Mr.  Bernard  R.  Green,  was 
presented  on  July  22,  and  the  conditions  of  the 
second  and  final  competition  were  made  public 
on  August  2.  The  general  plan  for  both  com- 
petitions has  already  been  fully  noted  in  the 
JOURNAL  (June,  p.  296).  The  following  architects 
will  take  part  in  the  second  competition:  Carrere 
&  Hastings,  Cyrus  L.  W.  Eidlitz,  J.  H.  Freed- 
lander,  Charles  C.  Haight,  Haydel  &  Shepard, 
H.  Hornbostel,  G.  E.  Wood  &  G.  C.  Palmer, 
Howard  &  Cauldwell,  McKim,  Mead  &  White, 
Peabody  &  Stearns,  George  B.  Post,  W.  Wheeler 
Smith,  associated  with  Walker  &  Morris,  and 
Whitney  Warren.  Six  of  these  are  chosen  from 
the  first  competition,  and  six  are  invited  to  take 
part  by  the  trustees.  Plans  must  be  submitted 
by  Nov.  i,  and  it  is  hoped  to  make  final  de- 
cision promptly  thereafter. 

The  conditions  for  the  final  competition  are 
detailed,  and  accompanied  by  suggestive  plans  ; 
they  include  also  the  report  on  the  preliminary 
competition,  the  result  of  which  has  been  "to 
show  conclusively  that  the  requirements  both  of 
public  use  and  convenience  and  of  economical 
administration  can  be  better  met  by  the  arrange- 
ments suggested  in  the  tentative  plan  than  by 
any  other."  The  only  important  changes  made 
in  the  first  suggestive  plans  are  (i)  the  raising 
of  the  level  of  the  basement  floor  on  42d  street, 
and  the  making  of  the  42d  street  entrance  in 
the  basement,  and  (2)  the  placing  of  the  deliv- 
ery-room in  the  basement  story  instead  of  in 
the  first  story. 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


THE      SECOND      INTERNATIONAL      LI- 
BRARY CONFERENCE,  LONDON, 
JULY  13-16.  1897. 

THE  first  International  Library  Conference, 
held  in  London  in  October,  1877,  was  notable 
as  giving  the  first  organized  impulse  to  library 
work  in  Great  Britain,  and  resulting  in  the 
foundation  of  the  Library  Association  of  the 
United  Kingdom.  In  the  20  years  that  have 
passed  since  then,  such  advances  in  library 
development  have  taken  place  that  it  is  doubt- 
ful if  the  second  international  conference,  just 
closed,  may  claim  as  noticeable  and  immediate 
results  as  did  its  precursor.  Yet  this  second 
conference  was  in  itself  the  most  striking  testi- 
mony to  the  20  years  of  library  progress  that  it 
commemorated.  In  attendance,  in  enthusiasm, 
in  the  interest  of  the  program  and  the  various 
phases  of  the  subject  it  presented,  this  con- 
ference must  long  rank  as  one  of  the  most 
memorable  events  in  library  history.  There 
was  an  attendance  well  beyond  500,  nearly  a 
fifth  of  which  represented  American  libraries, 
and  which  included  representatives  of  the  li-"" 
braries  of  France,  Italy,  Belgium,  Denmark, 
Japan,  Australia,  and  other  countries.  Invita- 
tions had  been  sent  to  the  chief  libraries  of  the 
world,  and  the  arrangements  of  the  English 
hosts  were  marked  by  the  most  lavish  hospital- 
ity and  cordial  friendliness,  as  is  witnessed  by 
the  record  of  the  social  features  set  forth  else- 
where. 

The  officers  in  charge  of  the  conference  were: 
Sir  John  Lubbock,  president;  H.  R.  Tedder, 
hon.  treasurer;  and  J.  Y.  W.  MacAlister,  hon. 
secretary;  while  the  various  committees  on 
program,  reception,  exhibition,  etc.,  included 
Alderman  Harry  Rawson,  president  of  the 
L.  A.  U.  K.,Dr.  Richard  Garnett,  J.  D.  Brown, 
Charles  Welch,  E.  M.  Borrajo,  Herbert  Jones, 
E.  W.  B.  Nicholson,  Peter  Cowell,  and  others. 
An  interesting  exhibition  of  library  appliances 
was  held  in  connection  with  the  conference  at 
the  Guildhall,  which  included,  besides  card  fit- 
tings, indicators,  newspaper  files,  photographs 
and  plans  of  library  buildings,  magazine  racks, 
etc.,  the  series  of  photographs  of  conference 
groups  and  examples  of  fine  binding  from  the 
Chiswick  Art  Workers,  Roger  Coverly,  Cobden 
Sanderson,  and  Zaehnsdorf. 

The  conference  proper  opened  on  Tuesday, 
July  13,  but  the  conversazione  held  at  the  Guild- 
hall on  Monday  evening  really  marked  the 
beginning  of  the  week's  round  of  work  and 
play.  It  was  held  under  the  auspices  of  the 


reception  committee  and  the  Bibliographical 
Society,  and  a  special  feature  of  the  evening 
was  Dr.  Garnett's  scholarly  address  on  "  The 
introduction  of  European  printing  in  the  east," 
which,  however,  appeared  in  the  program  as  a 
part  of  the  next  morning's  business. 

FIRST   DAY. 

On  Tuesday  morning,  July  13,  the'first  session 
was  opened  in  the  council  chamber  of  the  Guild- 
hall. The  Lord  Mayor  of  London  made  a 
short  address  of  welcome,  speaking  of  his  per- 
sonal interest,  as  chairman  of  the  library  com- 
mittee of  the  town  of  Hertford,  in  the  question 
of  public  libraries,  and  emphasizing  the  fact 
that  book  reading  and  book  collecting  should 
go  hand  in  hand,  and  that  use  of  the  public 
library  should  lead  to  the  acquisition  of  a  pri- 
vate library.  In  regard  to  reading  generally, 
he  said  that  careless  reading  was  to  be  depre- 
cated, and  indiscriminate  reading  was  generally 
objectionable,  but  that  he  believed  that  "  indis- 
criminate charity  is  better  than  no  charity  at 
all,  and  that  indiscriminate  reading  is  better 
than  no  reading  at  all." 

Sir  John  Lubbock,  after  moving  a  vote  of 
thanks  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  which  was  seconded 
by  Alderman  Rawson,  then  took  the  chair, 
and,  greeting  the  members  in  a  few  cordial 
words,  delivered  his  address  as  president  of 
the  conference.  Tracing  the  origin  of  the  pres- 
ent congress  to  the  act  passed  by  a  private 
member  of  Parliament,  Mr.  Ewart,  in  1850,  he 
pointed  out  the  effect  of  the  public  libraries  act 
in  Great  Britain  since  that  time.  "  It  has  been 
adopted  by  some  250  places  containing  nearly 
half  our  people.  Moreover  the  progress  has 
been  remarkable.  It  was  passed  in  1850  and 
soon  adopted  by  several  places.  From  1857  to 
1866  it  was  adopted  by  15  localities,  from  1867 
to  1876  by  45,  from  1877  to  1886  by  62,  from 
1887  to  1896  by  no  less  than  190.  In  Lon- 
don the  recent  progress  has  been  even  more 
remarkable.  From  185010  i866only  one  public 
library  was  established,  and  Westminster  has 
the  honor  of  taking  the  lead.  From  1867  to 
1876  not  one  ;  from  1876  to  1886  only  2,  from 
1887  to  1896  no  less  than  32  !  These  libra- 
ries now  contain  over  5,000,000  volumes  ;  the 
annual  issues  amount  to  27,000,000  and  the 
attendances  to  60,000,000.  Five  millions  of 
volumes  sounds  enormous,  but  after  all  in  pro- 
portion to  the  population  it  is  not  large. 

"Australia  has  844  public  libraries  with  i,- 
400,000  volumes  ;  New  Zealand,  298  with  33°-* 
ooo  ;  South  Africa,  about  109  with  300,000  ;  in 
Canada  the  public  libraries  contain  over  1,500,- 
ooo  volumes.  The  United  States  possessed 
in  1890,  1686  public  libraries  containing  13,- 
800,000  volumes.  These  numbers,  however, 
are  hardly  comparable  with  ours.  Jhey  in- 
clude in  some  cases  college  and  law  libraries.* 
Moreover,  we  have  many  public  libraries,  which 


*  In  1891  the  United  States  had,  according  to  the  govern- 
ment statistics,  3804  public  and  school  libraries,  contain- 
ing 26,896,537  v.;  in  1896,  according  to  the  last  official  sta- 
tistics, it  had  4026  libraries  and  33,051,872  v.  — ED.  L.  j. 


392 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  '97 


are  not  included  in  the  above  numbers.  The 
British  Museum  alone  contains  2,000,000  vol- 
umes." 

The  speaker  touched  upon  the  ever-present 
fiction  question,  saying  that  the  amount  of  time 
necessary  to  read  a  novel  was  so  much  less 
than  that  required  for  works  of  science  or  other 
serious  literature  that  the  disproportion  in  the 
use  of  the  two  classes  was  not  so  great  as  it 
seemed.  He  asked  the  question,  "What  is  a 
book?" — a  question  that  is  not  so  easily  an- 
swered as  one  might  think,  for  the  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer  is  recorded  as  saying  that  he 
used  to  think  he  knew,  but  after  reading  in  the 
postal  guide  the  two  pages  and  a  half  of  close 
print  devoted  to  this  definition,  he  found  he  was 
quite  mistaken.  The  difficulty  in  wisely  choos- 
ing books  was  noted,  and  the  frequent  burial 
of  good  books  under  misleading  titles,  Sir  John 
instancing  a  volume,  which  under  the  title 
"The  planetary  and  stellar  worlds"  was  a  flat 
failure,  but  when  rechristened  "The  orbs  of 
heaven  "  sold  at  the  rate  of  6000  copies  in  the 
first  month.  The  development  of  bibliographi- 
cal work  by  the  various  governments,  and  of 
home  reading  through  the  National  Home 
Reading  Union  and  like  agencies,  were  also 
alluded  to,  and  the  speaker  closed  with  an  ex- 
pression of  "the  love  for  and  gratitude  to 
books,"  which  are  felt  by  all  who  have  to  do 
with  literature. 

On  conclusion  of  the  address  a  vote  of  thanks 
was  proposed  by  Dr.  Justin  Winsor  and  sec- 
onded by  the  Earl  of  Crawford.  The  latter 
then  assumed  the  chair,  on  request  of  Sir  John 
Lubbock,  who  expressed  regret  that  his  pres- 
ence was  necessitated  at  a  Parliamentary  com- 
mittee. 

Dr.  Richard  Garnett's  paper,  which  had  been 
read  the  evening  before  at  the  social  meeting, 
came  next  upon  the  program,  and  a  word  re- 
garding it  will  not  be  out  of  place.  Taking  as 
his  subject  the  beginning  of  printing  by  Euro- 
peans in  the  far  east,  Dr.  Garnettgave  an  inter- 
esting review  of  the  development  of  the  art  in 
India,  China,  and  Corea  —  where  printing  from 
movable  type  had  been  in  use  for  many  cen- 
turies before  Gutenberg  —  Japan,  Africa,  Aus- 
tralia, and  Australasia.  He  described  several 
of  the  earliest  examples,  and  his  paper  was  a 
notable  contribution  to  the  antiquarian  bibliog- 
raphy of  the  subject. 

Mr.  J.  Y.  W.  MacAlister,  librarian  of  the 
Royal  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society  of  Lon- 
don, and  hon.  secretary  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K., 
after  a  few  happy  words  of  introduction,  then 
presented  a  paper  upon  "Some  tendencies  of 
modern  librarianship,"  in  which  he  contrast- 
ed the  librarian  of  to-day  with  his  predecessor 
of  60  or  even  20  years  ago.  "At  the  begin- 
ning of  the  queen's  reign  the  average  librarian 
was  either  a  dry  and  uncommunicative  scholar, 
or  an  uneducated  person,  a  superannuated 
servant  or  other  person  incompetent  for  such 
work,  for  whom  it  was  desired  to  find  pro- 
vision." But  with  all  the  advances  in  the 
equipment  and  qualifications  of  the  librarian  of 
to-day,  it  was  to  be  feared  that  in  some  respects 
the  tendencies  of  modern  librarianship  had 


been  to  emphasize  practicality  at  the  expense 
of  scholarship.  Mr.  MacA'ister's  paper  was 
essentially  a  challenge  to  the  modern  librarian 
to  produce  his  warrant,  and  a  demand  that  li- 
brarians improve  their  own  qualifications  to  be 
the  adviser  of  the  reader  and  increase  their 
knowledge  of  leading  authorities  on  various 
subjects.  The  relative  places  of  fiction  and  in- 
structive reading  were  difficult  to  assign,  but  all 
sane  persons  loved  good  fiction,  and  he  deprecat- 
ed a  narrow  spirit  of  exclusion  of  novels  in  favor 
of  what  were  thought  instructive  books.  An 
interesting  discussion  followed,  participated  in 
by  Dr.  Garnett,  F.  M.  Crunden,  of  the  St.Louis 
Public  Library,  F.  J.  Barrett,  of  Glasgow, 
Herbert  Jones,  Sir  William  Bailey,  W.  C.  Lane, 
of  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  and  others,  in  which 
the  usual  divisional  line  between  the  friends 
of  fiction  and  the  advocates  of  solid  literature 
was  crossed  and  recrossed. 

' '  The  evolution  of  the  public  library  "  was  then 
traced  by  Mr.  H.  R.  Tedder,  librarian  of  the 
Athenaeum  Club,  and  hon.  treasurer  of  the  L. 
A.  U.  K.,  in  a  paper  that  was  a  learned  review 
of  the  library  movement  as  part  of  the  history 
of  modern  sociological  development.  He  com- 
pared the  characteristic  features  of  ancient, 
mediaeval,  and  modern  publiclibraries,  and  point- 
ed out  existing  survivals  of  ancient  methods. 
The  earliest  librarians  were  priests,  the  earliest 
libraries  temples,  and  this  religious  character 
was  maintained  after  the  fall  of  paganism  in 
the  monastic  libraries  which  did  so  much  to  pre- 
serve the  spark  of  learning  through  mediaeval 
darkness.  Mr.  Tedder  gave  an  interesting  ac- 
count of  the  development  of  college  libraries 
and  of  cathedral  libraries,  that  of  Westminster 
being  a  type  of  the  latter.  It  was  not  until  the 
middle  of  the  i8th  century  that  the  needs  of  the 
people  at  large  were  considered,  as  instanced 
by  the  Bodleian  and  Mazarin  libraries,  and 
it  was  only  since  1850  that  the  education- 
al significance  of  public  libraries  had  gained 
recognition.  In  these  were  the  real  universi- 
ties of  the  unattached  student,  and  it  should  be 
remembered  that  though  the  library  was  a 
temple  no  longer,  the  librarian  was  still  the 
priest  of  literature. 

"  The  relation  of  the  state  to  the  public  libra- 
ry "  was  the  next  subject,  presented  by  Melvil 
Dewey,  of  the  New  York  State  Library,  in 
a  brilliant  extempore  address.  Mr.  Dewey 
spoke  of  the  library  of  the  past  as  a  reservoir, 
that  of  the  present  as  a  fountain,  and  pleaded 
for  the  extension  and  control  of  libraries  by  the 
state  in  the  same  way  and  for  the  same  reasons 
that  public  schools  are  extended  and  controlled. 
He  made  a  strong  plea  for  the  filtration  of  the 
stream  that  issues  from  the  library  fountain, 
and  spoke  of  the  pernicious  and  ever-increas- 
ing influence  of  the  sensational  journalism  of 
the  day,  urging  that  it  was  better  not  to  teach 
a  child  to  read  at  all  than  to  give  him  such 
knowledge  and  let  it  lead  him  to  mental  and 
moral  destruction.  In  the  discussion  that  fol- 
lowed, Mr.  Davies,  of  British  Guiana,  dissented 
from  Mr.  Dewey'Scondemnation  of  newspapers, 
and  Mr.  Avery,  of  Cleveland,  O.,  pointed  out 
that  this  condemnation  had  been  applied  only  to 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


393 


sensational  journalism,  which  in  Great  Britain, 
as  in  the  United  States,  was  doing  much  to 
poison  the  minds  of  the  people. 

After  a  half-hour's  adjournment  for  lunch- 
eon the  second  session  was  opened  by  Mr. 
Herbert  Jones,  librarian  of  the  Kensington 
Public  Libraries,  who  read  a  paper  on  "  Public 
library  authorities,  their  constitution  and  pow- 
ers, as  they  are  and  as  they  should  be."  The 
present  system,  he  thought,  was  characteristic  j 
of  the  happy-go-lucky  methods  common  to  the 
British  people,  and,  though  the  results  so  far 
had  been  good,  the  time  had  come  for  recon- 
struction on  a  logical  and  uniform  basis.  He 
favored  the  appointment  in  each  district  of  a 
distinct  body  of  library  authority,  not  too  large, 
but  varying  according  to  the  population,  which 
should  act  along  uniform  and  definite  lines. 

Alderman  Rawson,  of  the  Manchester  Pub- 
lic Libraries  committee,  president  of  the  L.  A. 
U.  K.,  continued  the  subject  presented  by  Mr. 
Jones  with  a  paper  on  "  Duties  of  library  com- 
mittees." He  spoke  first  of  the  work  done  in 
the  libraries  of  Manchester,  and  of  the  enor- 
mous extension  that  they  had  undergone  since 
the  first  one  was  founded  in  1852.  The  duties 
of  committees  were  then  touched  upon,  first  as 
to  the  engagement  of  officers  and  assistants, 
their  working  hours,  salaries,  and  opportunities 
for  study,  and  then  as  to  the  selection  and 
purchase  of  books.  The  provision  of  special 
facilities  for  boys  and  girls,  the  relation  of  li- 
braries to  technical  schools,  and  the  value  of 
co-operative  work  among  the  committees  were 
described. 

The  personality  and  equipment  of  librarians 
was  a  subject  considered  in  three  successive 
papers.  The  first,  by  Charles  Welch,  chief  li- 
brarian of  the  Guildhall,  dealt  with  "The 
training  of  librarians,"  and  urged  the  Impor- 
tance of  a  wide  and  liberal  education  as  an 
indispensable  part  of  a  librarian's  qualifications. 
There  were  three  modes  in  which  this  training 
could  be  secured  :(i) through  the  library  itself,  (2) 
through  the  general  education  supplied  by  self- 
culture  or  by  a  university  career,  and  (3)  through 
the  bibliographical  training  to  be  acquired  in 
the  book  trade.  Of  these  three  modes  the  first 
was  undoubtedly  the  best,  no  training  being 
equal  to  that  obtained  by  actual  practice,  though 
the  possession  of  a  degree  or  the  specific  study 
of  library  economy  were  most  useful  adjuncts; 
but  regular  training  for  the  profession  of  libra- 
rian was  not  likely  to  become' general  until  the 
emoluments  of  librarians  were  more  adequate 
than  at  present.  Miss  Hannah  P.  James,  in  a 
paper  on  "Special  training  for  library  work," 
said  that  special  training  for  special  work  was 
nowadays  becoming  an  acknowledged  necessity. 
She  described  the  beginning  of  this  training 
under  Mr.  Dewey's  guidance  at  Columbia  Col- 
lege, and  reviewed  the  work  now  being  done  in 
the  United  States,  at  Albany,  at  the  Pratt  Insti- 
tute, the  Armour  and  the  Drexel  library  schools. 
"  Female  library  assistants  "  was  the  subject 
of  a  paper  by  E.  R.  N.  Mathews,  librarian  of 
the  Public  Libraries  of  Bristol,  who  had  found 
the  introduction  of  women  as  assistants  into  his 
libraries,  made  in  1876,  a  great  success.  He 


gave  a  brief  resum6  of  the  organization  of  the 
library  force  under  his  charge,  described  the 
competitive  examination  adopted  for  candidates, 
and  expressed  his  belief  in  the  general  capa- 
bility of  women  for  library  work.  Mr.  J.  J. 
Ogle,  of  Bootle,  Lancashire,  followed  with  a 
short  paper  on  "  Hindrances  to  the  training  of 
efficient  librarians,"  which  he  defined  briefly  as 

(1)  deficient  general  education  in  the  candidate, 

(2)  insufficient  leisure  for  study,  (3)  insufficient 
supply  of  technical  literature,   and  (4)  lack  of 
financial  incentive  to  ambition. 

An  interesting  discussion  ensued,  in  which 
the  organization  and  methods  of  library  com- 
mittees were  considered  by  Alderman  Mandley, 
of  Salford,  Mr.  King,  of  Aberdeen,  and  Alder- 
man Gilbert,  of  Southampton;  and  the  need  and 
practicability  of  technical  library  training  were 
discussed  by  Mr.  Dewey,  Mr.  Tedder,  and 
others. 

Adjournment  was  then  taken,  and  the  rest  of 
the  afternoon  was  given  up  by  most  of  the 
delegates  to  a  visit  to  Sion  College,  Victoria 
Embankment.  In  the  evening  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  Lady  Mayoress  held  a  reception  in  state  at 
the  Mansion  House,  which  was  attended  by  al- 
most the  entire  conference,  and  by  several  of 
the  Indian  visitors  then  in  London  as  Jubilee 
guests. 

SECOND   DAY. 

The  third  session  was  opened  on  Wednesday 
morning,  the  Earl  of  Crawford  again  presid- 
ing. The  first  paper  read  was  by  Mr.  F.  M. 
Crunden,  on  "  Books  and  text-books:  the  func- 
tion of  the  library  in  education."  Mr.  Crunden 
began  by  answering  the  question,  "What  con- 
stitutes success?"  as  follows:  "  Success  in  life 
consists  in  making  the  most  of  oneself."  Edu- 
cation was,  of  course,  the  most  important  means 
of  attaining  this  end,  but  education  as  conducted 
in  the  schools  to-day  often  fails  to  furnish  the 
means  it  should  supply.  One  cause  of  this  fail- 
ure, he  thought,  lay  in  the  use  of  text-books  in 
schools  to  the  exclusion  of  other  literature.  He 
quoted  Carlyle's  dictum  that  "the  true  univer- 
sity is  a  collection  of  books,"  and  urged  the 
necessity  of  a  system  of  secondary  and  primary 
instruction  that  shall  regard  all  children  as  can- 
didates for  this  university,  and  prepare  them 
for  it.  "  The  desire  to  learn  must  first  be 
awakened  and  then  quickened  and  fed,  not 
crushed  by  set  tasks  ;  and  for  this  purpose  the 
world  of  books  must  be  opened  to  the  child." 
The  inadequacy  of  our  educational  system  he 
attributed  to  three  causes:  (i)  our  failure  to 
recognize  practically,  though  we  accept  theo- 
retically, the  solidarity  of  the  nation  ;  (2)  the 
narrow  view  of  education  as  merely  a  prepara- 
tion for  making  a  living  ;  and  (3)  disregard  of 
the  obvious  fact  that  the  vast  majority  of  chil- 
dren leave  school  at  13,  and  therefore  their 
schooling  should  have  started  them  in  the  path 
of  self-culture.  He  gave  some  personal  expe- 
riences from  his  own  early  education,  and  told 
of  what  had  been  accomplished  with  a  bright 
boy  of  13  of  his  acquaintance. 

A  short  discussion  followed,  in  which  the 
chairman,  Lord  Crawford,  said  that  he  be- 


394 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


lieved  it  would  be  a  very  long  time  before  Mr. 
Crunden's  prophecies  attained  fulfilment.  The 
child  who  possessed  a  wide  range  of  knowledge 
at  the  age  of  13  was  not  an  ordinary  child  —  at 
least  not  in  the  British  Isles,  although  he  might 
be  in  America  —  and  it  would  be  better  for  such 
a  child  to  develop  his  body  rather  than  to  pass 
through  a  further  course  of  study. 

Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  editor  of  the  "  Dictionary  of 
national  biography,"  read  a  paper  on  "  Nation- 
al biography  and  national  bibliography."  He 
described  the  scope  and  purpose  of  the  monu- 
mental work  of  which  he  is  in  charge,  and 
which  he  denned  as  a  biographical  census 
of  all  dwellers  in  the  British  dominions  who 
have  achieved  anything  worthy  of  commemora- 
tion. The  most  notable  feature  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  Dictionary  was  the  effort  to  give  au- 
thority for  every  fact  recorded.  The  life  of 
Shakespeare,  for  instance,  would  be  practically 
useless  were  not  the  authenticity  of  each  of  the 
traditions  which  had  accumulated  about  his 
name  carefully  determined.  He  had  himself 
attempted  on  a  modest  scale  a  bibliography  of 
Shakespeariana,  arranged  in  the  order  in  which 
the  student  of  Shakespearian  biography  was 
likely  to  find  it  convenient  to  approach  the 
books.  His  bibliography  was  far  from  com- 
plete; the  catalogs  of  the  British  Museum  Li- 
brary, with  its  3680  entries,  the  Barton  col- 
lection in  the  Boston  Public  Library,  with  its 
2500  entries,  and  the  Birmingham  Public  Li- 
brary, with  9640  volumes,  all  of  which  had  been 
consulted  in  its  preparation,  supplied  far  longer 
lists  of  Shakespeariana;  but  he  had  endeavored 
to  observe  some  logical  principles  of  classifica- 
tion which  the  larger  library  catalogs  did  not 
attempt.  After  referring  to  the  bibliographies 
of  Milton,  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Dryden,  and  others, 
Mr.  Lee  said  that  all  that  was  possible  was  to 
mention,  generally  in  chronological  order,  the 
chief  articles  or  memoirs  concerning  them. 
The  Dictionary's  list  of  authorities  contained 
much  that  was  material  for  the  preparation 
of  a  subject  catalog  of  literature,  and  a  sub- 
ject catalog  was  obviously  of  high  impor- 
tance in  developing  the  utility  of  public  libra- 
ries. The  making  of  subject  catalogs  was  a 
subsidiary  branch  of  the  science  of  bibliography. 
In  its  essence,  bibliography  was  the  science  of 
describing  books  as  books,  in  contradistinction 
to  books  as  literature.  For  the  literature  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland  there  existed  at  pres- 
ent four  notable  experiments  in  national  bibli- 
ography. At  the  beginning  of  the  century 
Robert  Watt,  a  poor  surgeon  of  Paisley,  sacri- 
ficed 20  years  of  arduous  labor  in  compiling  his 
"  Bibliotheca  Britannica,"  an  elaborate  catalog, 
mainly  of  British  literature,  though  a  few  for- 
eign works  were  included,  arranged  in  two 
indices  —  one  of  authors'  names,  the  other  of 
the  titles  of  books.  The  next  effort  in  national 
bibliography  was  made  by  William  Thomas 
Lowndes,  who  in  his  "  Bibliographers'  manu- 
al," first  published  in  1834,  endeavored  to 
arrange  the  titles  of  books  (under  authors' 
names)  with  some  regard  to  their  intrinsic 
interest.  Lowndes,  after  many  years  of  abject 
poverty,  lost  his  reason  and  died  in  1843.  The 


third  great  attempt  at  a  bibliography  of  English 
literature  was  made  in  America,  and  it  was  to 
the  credit  of  that  great  country  that  its  history 
involved  no  distressing  incidents  like  those  that 
accompanied  the  efforts  of  Watt  and  Lowndes, 
This  was  Allibone's  "Dictionary  of  English 
literature,"  projected  in  1850,  published  in  1870, 
and  later  supplemented  by  the  two  volumes 
prepared  by  John  Foster  Kirk.  The  fourth 
great  experiment  in  national  bibliography  was 
the  printed  British  Museum  catalog,  which  is  a 
permanent  memorial  of  the  skill,  knowledge, 
and  industry  of  Dr.  Garnett  and  his  staff.  He 
spoke  of  the  proposed  bibliographical  index  to 
the  work,  and  paid  fitting  tributes  to  his  prede- 
cessor as  editor,  Mr.  Leslie  Stephen,  and  to 
Mr.  George  Smith,  the  projector  and  publisher, 
who  had  contributed  so  much  of  his  large  fort- 
une to  this  enterprise. 

A  discussion  followed,  participated  in  by  Mr. 
George  Smith,  Mr.  Davis,  of  British  Guiana, 
Dr.  Winsor,  Mr.  Tedder,  and  Mr.  Barrett,  all 
of  whom  referred  to  the  great  value  and  im- 
portance of  the  Dictionary  as  a  contribution 
to  English  bibliography,  and  on  motion  of  Dr. 
Winsor  a  vote  of  thanks  was  tendered  to  Mr. 
Lee  and  one  to  Mr.  George  Smith. 

Continuing  the  general  subject  of  bibliog- 
raphy, an  excellent  paper  on  the  "Relations  of 
bibliography  and  cataloging,"  by  A.  W.  Pollard, 
secretary  of  the  Bibliographical  Society,  was 
read  by  Mr.  G.  F.  Barwick.  The  paper  con- 
sidered the  various  methods  of  arrangement  of 
entries  —  as  alphabetical,  chronological  under 
authors,  or,  for  the  earliest  publications,  by 
countries,  towns,  or  printers  —  and  pointed  out 
that  a  catalog  was  intended  primarily  to  describe 
a  book  in  a  particular  library  so  as  to  enable  a 
reader  to  identify  it  as  the  book  he  wants  in  the 
shortest  and  simplest  manner.  A  bibliography, 
on  the  other  hand,  is  designed  to  describe  a 
book  in  its  relations  to  other  books,  "  either  to 
other  copies  of  the  same  edition,  or  to  other  edi- 
tions of  the  same  work,  or  to  other  works  by  the 
same  author,  or,  again,  to  other  works  on  the 
same  subject,  or,  lastly,  to  other  books  printed 
by  the  same  printer."  In  summing  up  his  sub- 
ject, Mr.  Pollard  said  :  "  Let  us  keep  clearly  in 
our  minds  the  fact  that  the  aims  and  ideals  of 
the  bibliographer  and  the  cataloger  are  by  no 
means  the  same.  As  librarians,  let  us  think  of 
our  readers  and  not  of  our  hobbies." 

In  the  discussion  that  followed,  Mr.  L.  Stan- 
ley Jast,  of  Peterborough,  made  a  plea  for  the 
entry  of  pseudonymous  books  under  the  pseudo- 
nym when  that  name  was  the  one  most  familiar 
to  the  public;  Mr.  Frank  Campbell,  of  the 
British  Museum,  emphasized  the  distinction 
that  must  exist  between  the  work  of  the  libra- 
rian and  the  bibliographer,  and  said  that  in  the 
development  of  classification  more  had  been 
done  by  Americans  than  by  any  other  people; 
and  some  minor  complexities  of  method  of  en- 
try were  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Weale,  of  South 
Kensington,  and  others.  Dr.  Winsor  then  took 
the  chair. 

"  The  alphabetical  and  classed  forms  of  cata- 
log compared  "  was  the  subject  of  a  paper  by 
Mr.  F.  T.  Barrett,  of  the  Mitchell  Library, 


August,  "97] 


7 HE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


395 


Glasgow,  who  gave  a  cool  and  careful  consider- 
ation of  the  question.  His  judgment  favored 
the  alphabetical  catalog,  especially  in  large  li- 
braries, and  he  thought  that  the  special  readers, 
who  desired  to  know  what  a  library  contained 
in  special  lines  of  research  and  whose  wants 
were  often  made  the  basis  of  an  argument  for 
classed  catalogs,  might  be  fully  as  well  pro- 
vided for  by  a  good  alphabetical  catalog,  which 
was  of  wider  general  usefulness.  The  chair- 
man, Dr.  Winsor,  said  that  he  long  ago  had 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  a  librarian  should 
adopt  that  form  of  cataloging  which  best  suited 
his  own  individuality.  If,  however,  he  adopted 
a  classed  catalog,  he  should  also  have  an  au- 
thor index,  and  if  he  adopted  an  author 
catalog,  he  should  also  have  a  class  index. 
But  besides  this  he  must  have  a  proper  subject 
index. 

The  next  paper  on  the  program  was  by  Prof. 
C.  Dziatzko,  of  the  University  Library  of  Got- 
tingen,  "  On  the  aid  lent  by  public  bodies  to  the 
art  of  printing  in  the  early  days  of  typography." 
The  earliest  examples  of  public  aid  were  found 
in  the  support  given  by  municipal  authorities 
to  the  early  printers,  Gutenberg,  Sweynheym, 
Pannarts,  and  others  ;  and  the  effect  of  state 
privileges  and  state  interference  in  succeeding 
years  was  summarized.  In  the  absence  of  Dr. 
Dziatzko,  this  paper  was  read  by  title,  and  the 
conference  adjourned  for  luncheon. 

Dr  .Winsor  presided  during  the  first  part  of  the 
afternoon  session,  which  was  opened  by  C. 
A.  Cutter  with  a  paper  on  "  A  classification  and 
notation,"  in  which  he  set  forth  concisely  the 
characteristics  of  his  Expansive  classification, 
and  touched  upon  the  essentials  of  classification 
in  general.  The  Expansive  classification,  he 
said,  is  composed  of  a  series  of  seven  tables  of 
progressive  fulness,  designed  to  meet  the  needs 
of  a  library  at  its  successive  stages  of  growth, 
adding  to  the  few  classes  of  the  first  table  more 
and  more  divisions  till  the  seventh  is  minute 
enough  for  the  British  Museum.  The  26  let- 
ters of  the  alphabet,  used  for  the  notation, 
enable  him  to  mark  with  only  two  characters 
676  classes,  and  with  only  three  characters 
over  18,000.  From  this  come  elasticity,  power 
to  express  the  relations  of  subjects  to  one  an- 
other and  to  their  subordinate  parts,  and  power 
of  making  intercalations  of  new  subjects.  The 
most  characteristic  feature  is  the  use  of  figures 
to  mark  countries  and  letters  for  all  other  sub- 
jects, which  makes  it  possible  to  express  the 
local  relations  of  any  subject  in  a  perfectly 
unmistakable  way;  the  letter  never  being  used 
to  signify  countries  and  the  figures  never  being 
used  for  any  other  subject  but  countries. 
These  local  figures  could  obviously  be  applied 
to  any  subdivision,  however  small.  It  was  also 
possible  to  arrange  the  books  by  countries  first, 
and  sub-arrange  them  afterwards  by  subjects. 
These  points  were  explained  by  examples,  and 
it  was  also  shown  how  the  different  classes  are 
made  to  correspond  interchangeably. 

The  scheme  of  the  classification  followed  the 
evolutionary  idea  throughout,  its  science  pro- 
ceeding from  the  molecular  to  the  molar,  from 
number  and  space  through  matter  and  force  to 


matter  and  life,  its  botany  from  cryptogams  to 
phanerogams;  its  zoology  from  protozoa  to  pri- 
mates, ending  with  anthropology.  Other  ex- 
amples were  given  of  the  systematic  order  of 
classes,  particularly  of  such  natural  translations 
as  putting  Bible  between  Judaism  and  Chris- 
tianity, Church  history  between  theology  and 
history,  Statistics  between  geography  and  eco- 
nomics, Music  between  the  recreative  and  the 
fine  arts  ;  it  was  claimed  that  these  were  not 
merely  ingenuities  pleasing  only  to  their  in- 
ventor but  of  practical  value,  since  they  answer 
the  purpose  of  all  classification  by  bringing  to- 
gether books  which  one  might  wish  to  see  at 
the  same  time.  Mr.  Cutter's  advice  to  the 
makers  of  classification  schemes  was  "  Be  mi- 
nute, be  minute,  be  not  too  minute."  The  Ex- 
pansive classification,  while  providing  tables  of 
extreme  minuteness,  in  many  cases  advised, 
though  it  did  not  impose,  broadness.  An  im- 
portant principle  was  to  divide  when  division  is 
easy,  and  to  avoid  division  where  it  was  hard 
to  comprehend  the  reasons  for  it,  and  difficult 
to  see  the  differences  between  the  subjects  when 
separated. 

"Classification  in  public  libraries"  was  the 
subject  of  the  next  paper,  presented  by  A.  W. 
Robertson,  of  Aberdeen,  who  reviewed  the" 
various  schemes  in  use  and  laid  down  the 
general  rules  that  must  guide  the  classifier. 
He  had  found  that  though  at  first  a  librarian 
might  be  satisfied  with  a  broad  and  general 
classification,  it  would  be  necessary,  as  the  li- 
brary extended,  to  adopt  a  fuller  and  closer 
one,  "  that  classification  being  determined  by 
the  books  on  the  shelves  and  not  by  a  theoreti- 
cal tabulation  of  human  knowledge." 

In  the  discussion  that  followed,  Mr.  Ogle  said 
that  Mr.  Cutter's  classification  was  very  little 
known  in  England,  but  that  he  felt  that  it  ap- 
pealed strongly  to  the  English  mind.  He  con- 
sidered the  section  on  medicine  a  masterpiece. 
The  subject  of  movable  and  fixed  location  was 
discussed  by  Mr.  Crunden  and  Mr.  Barrett, 
and  further  remarks  on  intricacies  of  classifica- 
tion were  made  by  Mr.  Lane,  of  Boston,  and 
Mr.  W.  H.  Wesley,  of  the  Royal  Astronomical 
Society,  London. 

H.  C.  L.  Anderson,  of  the  Sydney  (N.  S.  W.) 
Public  Library,  read  a  paper  on  "  Library 
work  in  New  South  Wales,"  describing  various 
Australian  libraries,  and  speaking  of  the  library 
conference  held  in  Melbourne  last  year.  Mr.  F. 
M.  Crunden  then  took  the  chair,  and  the  last 
paper  of  the  afternoon  was  read  by  Mr.  W.  H. 
J.  Weale,  librarian  of  the  National  Art  Library, 
South  Kensington  Museum,  whose  subject  was 
"  History  and  cataloging  of  the  National  Art 
Library."  He  briefly  sketched  the  history  of 
the  library  from  1852,  describing  the  re-arrange- 
ment and  new  system  of  cataloging  introduced 
in  1890,  and  said  that  all  articles  on  art  that 
appeared  in  the  magazines  and  weekly  papers, 
as  well  as  those  printed  by  foreign  societies, 
were  now  cataloged  at  the  library. 

Wednesday  afternoon  and  evening  were  de- 
voted, as  were  the  afternoons  and  evenings  of 
the  days  preceding  and  to  follow,  to  the  pleas- 
ures of  sightseeing  and  hospitality.  At  the  con- 


396 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


elusion  of  the  session  the  conference  adjourned 
to  a  garden  party,  given  in  their  honor  by  the 
Marchioness  of  Bute  at  St.  John's  Lodge,  Re- 
gent's Park,  and  the  evening  was  given  up  to 
the  reception  tendered  the  library  visitors  by 
Sir  John  and  Lady  Lubbock  at  their  residence, 
2  St.  James  square. 

THIRD   DAY. 

On  Thursday  morning  the  fifth  session  was 
opened  in  the  old  council  chamber  at  the 
Guildhall,  the  Earl  of  Crawford  presiding,  suc- 
ceeded by  Sir  John  Lubbock  and  Melvil  Dewey. 
The  first  paper  read  was  by  Peter  Cowell,  of  the 
Liverpool  Public  Libraries,  on  "  Library  work 
40  years  ago."  Mr.  Cowell  exemplified  the 
changes  in  library  methods  during  that  period  by 
a  review  of  his  own  experience  in  Liverpool, 
where  nearly  44  years  ago  he  issued  the  first 
book  from  one  of  the  two  lending  libraries  estab- 
lished in  that  city  in  1853.  Comparing  the  read- 
ing now  with  that  of  his  earlier  experience  at 
Liverpool,  Mr.  Cowell  thought  that  while  ele- 
mentary and  other  schools  had  certainly  raised 
the  general  level  of  education,  there  were  pro- 
portionately more  earnest  persevering  and  de- 
termined readers  40  years  ago  than  at  present. 
One  reader  read  consecutively  the  whole  of 
Rollin's  "Ancient  history,"  Alison's  "  Europe," 
Gibbon's  "  Rome,"  and  Ranke's  "  Popes,"  and 
another  the  "Universal  history,"  Gibbon,  Ma- 
caulay,  and  Lingard;  and  there  were  others  like 
them.  Nowadays  persistent  steady  reading  like 
that  was  comparatively  rare.  Magazines,  re- 
views, and  journals,  had  to  a  great  extent,  par- 
ticularly with  commercial  people,  superseded 
books  themselves.  Mr.  Cowell  touched  upon 
some  of  the  special  features  of  the  work  at 
Liverpool  —  the  free  lectures,  circulation  of 
music,  issue  of  books  for  the  blind,  and  the 
other  departures  which  make  his  libraries 
among  the  most  progressive  and  successful  of 
Great  Britain.  Commenting  on  Mr.  Cowell's 
paper,  Mr.  Curzon,  of  Leeds,  spoke  of  the  work 
being  done  in  village  libraries  in  Yorkshire, 
where  the  Union  of  Institutes,  of  which  he  is 
secretary,  supplies  200 villages  and  15,000 read- 
ers with  books.  Mr.  Elliott,  of  the  Belfast 
Public  Library,  said  that  the  experiment  of  free 
lectures  tried  at  the  library  with  which  he  is 
connected  had  proved  popular  and  successful. 

"  Public  library  architecture  from  the  libra- 
rian's standpoint "  was  the  subject  of  a  short 
paper  by  F.  J.  Burgoyne,  of  the  Lambeth  Pub- 
lic Libraries,  who  urged  that  library  utility 
rather  than  an  artistic  exterior  should  be  the 
chief  consideration.  First,  the  site  should  be 
easily  accessible  and  in  a  main  thoroughfare; 
then  the  general  plan  should  admit  of  exten- 
sion, as  books  increase  very  rapidly.  The 
rooms  should  not  be  too  large,  the  cases  not 
too  high,  the  lighting  should  be  well  distributed. 
Special  attention  should  be  devoted  to  heating 
and  ventilation.  In  the  discussion,  by  Messrs. 
Crunden,  Winsor,  Tedder,  Richardson,  and  Lu- 
cas, these  last  two  points  were  mainly  dwelt 
upon,  the  chairman,  Lord  Crawford,  explaining 
the  system  in  use  at  the  Houses  of  Parliament. 

Mr.   Beresford   Pite,  F.R.I. B.A.,    later   read 


his  paper  on  "  Library  architecture  from  the 
architect's  standpoint,"  in  which  he  pointed 
out  that  the  many  public  libraries  recently 
erected  in  England  had  evolved  an  interesting 
type  of  plan  for  buildings  of  moderate  size, 
varying  with  the  requirements  of  site  and  lo- 
cality, but  economical,  manageable,  and  useful. 
He  pleaded  that  art  quality  and  library  con- 
venience should  go  together,  and  showed  photo- 
graphs of  the  Laurentian  library,  Florence, 
in  illustration.  Commenting  upon  the  paper, 
Sir  Frederick  Young  observed  that  the  main 
question  in  library  architecture  was,  Are  the 
books  meant  for  the  library,  or  is  the  library 
meant  for  the  books  ?  and  Mr.  Cowell  spoke  of 
the  great  help  that  the  architect  could  give  to 
the  librarian,  if  the  main  purpose  of  the  build- 
ing was  realized  by  him. 

Children's  reading  was  the  next  subject  on 
the  program.  This  was  presented  in  two  pa- 
pers, and  gave  rise  to  an  interesting  discussion. 
Miss  C.  M.  Hewins,  of  the  Hartford  Public  Li- 
brary, spoke  first  on  "  Books  that  children 
like,"  in  which  she  quoted  comments  made  by 
the  children  themselves  upon  books  read  by 
them.  She  had  found  that  children  who  have 
few  books  generally  like  fairy  tales  best,  An- 
drew Lang's  fairy  books  being  prime  favorites, 
and  she  named  books  in  the  various  branches 
of  fiction,  history,  biography,  science,  etc.,  in 
which  children,  by  their  own  account,  found 
pleasure  and  profit.  A  paper  by  Mr.  J.  C. 
Dana,  on  "  Our  youngest  readers,"  was  read  by 
Mr.  Ogle.  In  it  Mr.  Dana  gave  the  results  of 
the  statistical  investigations  of  school-children's 
reading  recently  undertaken  in  Denver  (see  L. 
j.,  April,  p.  187),  and  urged  the  necessity  of 
making  teachers,  and,  if  possible,  parents,  ac- 
quainted with  the  best  books  for  young  readers, 
and  especially  of  bringing  the  library  resources 
within  the  grasp  of  little  children,  and  thus 
awakening  in  them  a  love  of  books. 

The  discussion  of  these  papers  was  extended 
and  animated.  Sir  William  Bailey,  speaking 
for  Alderman  Rawson,  said  that  in  Manchester 
there  was  a  room  for  children  that  was  filled 
nearly  every  night  of  the  week.  A  similar  room 
was  recently  established  at  the  Chelsea  (London) 
Public  Libraries.  In  response  to  questions,  Miss 
Sharp  described  the  mode  of  establishing  and 
conducting  home  libraries,  and  Mr.  Wright,  of 
Plymouth,  described  an  arrangement  made  by 
his  libraries  with  the  school  board,  by  which  the 
schools  of  the  district  were  supplied  with  a  cer- 
tain number  of  books  for  the  children's  use. 
The  noon  recess  was  then  taken. 

In  the  afternoon  session  the  first  paper  listed 
was  that  of  Mr.  J.  N.  Lamed,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
who  was  unable  to  attend  the  conference. 
It  was  on  "  Organization  of  co-operative  work 
among  public  libraries,"  as  to  which  he  said 
that  the  possibilities  of  co-operative  work 
among  public  libraries  could  be  realized  only  by 
an  organization  that  would  provide  for  it  a  per- 
manent editorial  director,  adequately  salaried 
and  devoting  his  whole  attention  to  the  work. 
Probably  the  best  mode  in  which  this  might  be 
accomplished  was  by  the  formation  of  a  distinct 
international  association  for  the  purpose,  while 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


397 


the  value  of  the  work  that  could  be  done 
through  such  a  body  could  hardly  be  overesti- 
mated. The  special  line  of  co-operation  con- 
sidered was  that  relating  to  the  preparation  and 
issue  of  indexes  and  bibliographic  guides. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Langton,  of  the  University  of  To- 
ronto, followed  with  a  paper  on  "  Co-operation 
in  the  compilation  of  a  catalog  of  periodicals," 
presenting  the  need  of  a  single  international 
catalog  of  the  periodical  publications  of  the 
world,  exclusive  of  newspapers  and  literary 
magazines,  and  suggesting  as  the  leading  feat- 
ures of  such  a  work  a  definite  and  limited  scope, 
subject  classification,  and  continuation  by  an- 
nual supplements. 

At  the  conclusion  of  Mr.  Langton's  paper, 
Dr.  B.  Lundstedt,  the  delegate  of  the  Swedish 
government,  presented  to  the  conference  a 
copy  of  his  great  bibliography  of  Swedish  peri- 
odical literature,*  of  which  two  volumes  have 
so  far  been  completed.  The  chairman,  in  ac- 
knowledging Dr.  Lundstedt's  gift,  spoke  of  the 
bibliographical  work  being  done  by  the  Brussels 
Institut  International  de  Bibliographic,  and  in- 
troduced M.  Paul  Otlet,  secretary  of  the  institute, 
who  explained  its  aims  and  methods,  and  pre- 
sented to  the  conference  a  set  of  its  publications. 
M.  Leopold  Delisle,  through  M.  H.  Ormont,  the 
delegate  of  the  French  government,  also  pre- 
sented to  the  conference  the  first  volume  of  the 
great  printed  catalog  of  the  Bibliotheque  Na- 
tionale,  which  will  extend  to  150  volumes  when 
completed. 

"  Printed  card  catalogs  in  America"  was  the 
subject  of  a  paper  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Andrews,  of 
the  John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago,  who  explained 
the  preparation  and  the  advantages  of  the  print- 
ed cards  used  in  the  Boston  Public  Library, 
New  York  Public  Library,  Harvard  University, 
and  the  John  Crerar  Library,  and  suggested 
their  possible  co-operative  extension  among  li- 
braries generally.  In  the  discussion  the  use  of 
linotype  machines  for  library  printing  was 
brought  up,  and  Mr.  Putnam  described  their 
successful  operation  in  the  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary. The  work  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Publishing 
Section  in  issuing  printed  cards  was  briefly  ex- 
plained by  Mr.  Lane,  who  presented  the  report 
of  the  section  made  to  the  Philadelphia  confer- 
ence of  the  A.  L.  A.  Mr.  Frank  Campbell,  of 
the  British  Museum,  spoke  on  the  need  of  se- 
curing government  aid  in  co-operative  bibliog- 
raphy, and  Mr.  Bowker  referred  to  the  impor- 
tant work  in  that  direction  that  might  be  done 
in  the  United  States  through  the  reorganized 
Library  of  Congress. 

The  final  paper  of  the  session  was  read  by 
Mr.  Putnam,  of  the  Boston  Public  library,  on 
"Local  library  associations  in  the  United 
States."  He  briefly  described  the  scope  and 
aims  of  the  25  local  library  associations  in  the 
United  States,  which  with  their  1985  members 
and  their  aggregate  of  92  meetings  a  year  were 
the  most  effective  of  all  means  for  strengthen- 
ing and  extending  the  influence  of  the  national 
association. 


*  Sveriges  periodisk  litteratur:  bibliografi,  1645-1894. 
3V. 


The  members  then  adjourned  for  the  usual 
round  of  entertainment,  which  comprised,  for 
the  rest  of  the  afternoon,  a  visit  to  the  libra- 
ry of  Brook  House,  Park  Lane,  by  invitation  of 
Lord  Tweedmouth,  a  visit  to  Apsley  House, 
by  invitation  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  and 
afternoon  tea  at  Grosvenor  House  by  invitation 
of  the  Duke  of  Westminster.  In  the  evening 
the  delegates  attended  the  special  performance 
of  "  The  merchant  of  Venice,"  given  in  their 
honor  at  the  Lyceum  theatre,  by  Sir  Henry 
Irving. 

FOURTH   DAY. 

On  Friday,  the  final  day  of  the  conference, 
after  devoting  the  first  hour  to  preparing  for 
the  instantaneous  group  photograph  taken  in 
front  of  the  Guildhall,*  the  morning  session  was 
opened  by  the  Earl  of  Crawford,  who  was  later 
succeeeded  in  the  chair  by  Alderman  Harry 
Rawson  and  Sir  John  Lubbock.  The  first  paper 
was  on  "Libraries  of  the  northern  states  of 
Europe,"  by  Andreas  S.  Steenberg,  of  Horsens, 
Denmark.  These  libraries  are  commonly  of 
two  distinct  classes,  scientific  libraries,  which 
are  state  libraries,  and  the  libraries  of  the  peo- 
ple, which  are  generally  private  institutions, 
the  first  being  usually  well  supported  and  pro- 
gressive, while  the  latter  are  far  behind  those 
of  the  English-speaking  nations.  He  described 
briefly  the  chief  libraries  in  these  two  classes, 
the  most  notable  of  the  people's  libraries  being 
that  of  Helsingfors  in  Finland,  from  which 
90,000  v.  are  issued  yearly;  next  in  importance 
come  the  libraries  of  the  municipalities  of  Co- 
penhagen (seven  libraries),  and  the  Bergen 
Town  Library.  These  northern  states  have  no 
library  acts,  no  library  buildings,  no  reading- 
rooms,  and  the  libraries  are  open  only  a  few 
hours  weekly. 

The  next  paper  on  the  program  was  on  "  An 
indicator-catalog  charging  system,"  by  Jacob 
Schwartz,  of  the  Free  Library  of  the  General 
Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  New 
York,  and  in  Mr.  Schwartz's  absence  it  was 
summarized  admirably  by  Mr.  Cutter,  who  re- 
ferred to  it  as  claiming  the  advantages  of  both 
the  English  indicator  system  and  the  American 
slip  method.  A  brief  discussion  developed  the 
fact  that  a  similar  method  was  already  in  use 
in  England. 

The  subject  of  free  access  was  introduced  in  a 
paper  contributed  by  W.  H.  Brett,  of  the  Cleve- 
land (O.)  Public  Library.  It  was  entitled  "  Free- 
dom in  public  libraries,"  and  was  a  review 
of  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  open 
shelves,  the  former,  in  the  writer's  mind,  much 
outweighing  the  latter.  Mr.  Brett  emphasized 
the  economy  in  service  that  resulted  from  the 
free-access  system,  and  the  great  benefit  it  was 
to  the  public,  instancing  the  libraries  of  Phila- 
delphia, Cleveland,  and  other  American  cities 
to  show  the  practicability  of  the  method  in  larger 
libraries. 

An  animated  discussion  took  place,  in  which 
much  difference  of  opinion  was  manifest.  Sir 


*  Copies  can  be  had   at  3.1.  dd.  each,  by  addressing 
Argent  Archer,  IQSA,  High  St.,  Kensington,  London,  W. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  '97 


William  Bailey  said  that  to  his  mind  such  a  pro- 
posal was  simply  a  plea  for  anarchy.  Mr.  C. 
Madeley  thought  that  this  was  pre-eminently 
an  open  question.  His  rule  was  "  liberty  with 
discretion,"  and  he  had  found  it  possible  to 
give  liberty  to  nine-tenths  of  his  readers  in  such 
a  way  that  they  did  not  know  there  were  any 
restrictions.  The  Public  Library  of  Clerken- 
well,  he  thought,  proved  that  the  plan  of  free 
access  could  be  thoroughly  successful.  Alder- 
man Southern  believed  that  free  access,  while 
generally  desirable,  was  often  impracticable,  as 
to  introduce  the  system  many  libraries  would 
have  to  be  reconstructed.  Mr.  Bradshaw,  of 
Nottingham,  said  that  in  his  library  open  shelves 
had  resulted  in  the  loss  of  many  books,  and 
that  it  had  proved  absolutely  necessary  to  have 
the  shelves  controlled  by  assistants;  the  library 
had  recently  been  altered,  so  that  now  the  lend- 
ing-room  was  wholly  controlled  by  the  counter. 
He  thought  that  with  a  library  properly  designed 
for  the  purpose,  free  access  could  easily  be 
carried  out.  Other  speakers  on  the  subject  were 
Mr.  Davis,  of  British  Guiana,  Mr.  F.  H.  Jones, 
Mr.  Putnam,  Mr.  Jast,  and  Mr.  Doubleday. 

"A  hint  in  cataloging"  was  the  title  of  a 
short  paper  by  F.  Blake  Crofton,  of  the  Legis- 
lative Library  of  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  which 
proved  to  be  an  elaborate  description  of  what 
he  called  an  autobiographical  dictionary,  which 
he  said  he  classified  under  "Wit  and  humor." 
Mr.  E.  A.  Petherick,  of  London,  discussed 
"  Theoretical  and  practical  bibliography,"  urg- 
ing the  preparation  of  catalogs  in  accordance 
with  (a)  the  requirements  of  readers,  (b)  the 
character  and  (c)  the  extent  of  the  collection, 
and  (</)  with  a  view  to  permanence.  Mr.  R.  R. 
Bowker  followed  with  a  paper  on  "  Bibliograph- 
ical endeavors  in  America,"  in  which  he  sum- 
marized the  various  efforts  toward  a  national 
bibliography  in  the  United  States,  from  the 
little  "  Catalogue  of  all  the  books  printed  in  the 
United  States"  of  1804  to  the  "  American  Cata- 
logue "  of  the  present  period. 

The  afternoon  session  opened  with  a  "  De- 
scription of  the  more  important  libraries  in 
Montreal,  with  some  remarks  upon  depart- 
mental libraries,"  by  C.  H.  Gould,  of  McGill 
University  Library,  Montreal,  who  gave  an  in- 
teresting historical  sketch  of  the  chief  Montreal 
libraries,  and  offered  some  excellent  suggestions 
for  the  administration  of  department  libraries. 
Ernest  C.  Richardson,  librarian  of  Princeton 
University,  was  not  present;  but  his  paper  on 
"  Libraries  as  the  prime  factor  in  human  evolu- 
tion "  showed  how,  as  by  language  concepts 
are  transferred  ready  formed  from  one  in- 
dividual to  another  and  ideas  are  built  up  as 
though  from  individual  sense-impressions,  so, 
by  books,  the  built-up  experiences  of  former 
generations  and  foreign  thinkers  are  added 
to  the  mental  equipment  of  the  individual. 
Thus  the  library  becomes  the  chief  factor  in 
the  development  of  the  mind,  and  the  greatest 
instrument  in  human  evolution,  and  it  is  in  its 
growth  and  administration  to  meet  its  opportu- 
nities that  lie  the  only  potentialities  for  future 
progress. 

Mr.  John  Thorburn,  of  the  Geological  Survey 


of  Canada,  had  a  paper  on  "  Counting  and  time- 
recording,"  in  which  he  reviewed  the  various 
methods  of  counting  adopted  by  different  na- 
tions, describing  the  limited  range  of  the  use 
of  numbers  prior  to  the  introduction  of  the 
Arabic  numerals,  the  varying  ways  in  which 
dates  have  been  given  and  recorded  in  ancient 
and  modern  times,  and  the  curious  methods  of 
dating  documents  practised  in  Scotland  and 
France  as  late  as  the  i8th  century. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  George  lies,  his  paper 
on  "Expert  appraisal  of  literature  "  was  sub- 
mitted as  printed  and  distributed  ;  it  gave  a 
clear  and  interesting  account  of  his  proposals 
for  the  "evaluation"  of  books.  Mr.  Frank 
Cundall,  of  the  Institute  of  Jamaica,  Kingston, 
W.  I.,  described  "  Library  work  in  Jamaica," 
in  an  interesting  paper,  that  touched  upon  West 
Indian  libraries  in  general,  and  gave  practical 
hints  on  details  of  library  management  in 
tropical  climates.  He  explained  that  the  book- 
worm and  the  cockroach  were  the  worst  ene- 
mies to  books  in  the  West  Indies,  though  the 
"  fishmoth  "  and  the  white  ant  were  also  to  be 
feared,  and  he  said  that  books  intended  for  use 
in  the  tropics  should  be  bound  with  poisoned 
paste  and  glue. 

This  was  the  last  paper  of  the  program,  and 
votes  of  thanks,  expressions  of  international 
amity,  and  acknowledgment  of  the  brilliant  wel- 
come and  lavish  hospitality  with  which  the 
visitors  had  been  greeted  were  the  next  order 
of  the  day.  Alderman  Rawson,  in  a  few  clos- 
ing words,  referred  to  the  pleasure  it  had  af- 
forded the  L.  A.  U.  K.  to  greet  so  many  colo- 
nials and  friends  from  distant  countries.  Prof. 
Comm.  Guido  Biagi,  the  delegate  from  Italy, 
begged  to  express  his  appreciation  of  the  im- 
portant results  of  the  meeting  and  the  kindness 
and  hospitality  with  which  the  visitors  had  been 
received.  He  was  followed  by  Mr.  Steenberg 
and  Mr.  Lundstedt  in  a  similar  vein,  and  these 
thanks  of  the  foreign  delegates  were  briefly 
acknowledged  by  the  chairman.  Mr.  Dewey 
returned  thanks  in  the  name  of  the  Americans, 
Mr.  Langton  for  the  colonies,  Mr.  Enjiro 
Yamaza  spoke  for  Japan.  Votes  of  thanks  were 
passed  to  Sir  John  Lubbock,  to  the  various  vice- 
presidents  who  had  occupied  the  chair,  to  the 
Lord  Mayor  and.  corporation  for  allowing  the 
use  of  the  Guildhall  as  a  meeting-place,  to  the 
generous  hosts  whose  hospitality  had  been  so 
warmly  extended,  and  to  the  reception  commit- 
tee. Thus,  in  all  good  fellowship  and  kindliness, 
the  second  International  Library  Conference 
came  to  an  end,  having  added  another  and  an 
enduring  link  to  the  chain  of  common  aims  and 
common  interests  that  binds  together  library 
workers  the  world  over. 

There  still  remained  an  aftermath  of  sight- 
seeing and  entertainment.  In  the  afternoon  li- 
brary parties  visited  Lambeth  Palace  and  its 
library;  Stafford  House,  by  invitation  of  the 
Duke  of  Sutherland;  and  Apsley  House,  which 
had  been  the  goal  of  a  previous  party  on  the  day 
before.  In  the  evening  the  Hotel  Cecil  was  the 
scene  of  the  brilliant  conference  dinner,  attend- 
ed by  over  300  of  the  delegates  and  their  friends, 
the  crown  and  finish  of  the  London  meeting. 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


399 


SOCIAL  AND  TRAVEL  FEATURES  OF  THE 
CONFERENCE. 

THE  VOYAGE. 

On  the  beautiful  afternoon  of  June  26  the  libra- 
ry party,  comprising  47  persons,  including  libra- 
rians and  their  companions,  left  East  Boston  in 
the  Cunard  steamer  Cephalonia,  amid  the  cheer- 
ing of  hundreds  of  friends  and  kindred  who 
waved  a  bon  voyage.  The  weather  was  excep- 
tionally fine  for  several  days,  the  company  was 
harmonious  and  agreeable,  and  on  Wednesday 
evening  a  meeting  of  the  A.  L.  A.  party  was 
called  in  the  music-room.  The  list  was  read,  and 
each  one  responded  by  rising  in  turn.  The  boat 
proved  so  steady  that  but  few  were  inclined  to 
meditate  on  the  uncertainty  of  all  things  in  par- 
ticular, and  the  instability  of  water  in  general; 
and  the  days  passed  swiftly  and  pleasantly  in 
social  talk,  shop  talk,  and  the  discovery  that  each 
one  knew  some  mutual  friend  of  others,  and  that 
"  the  world  is  a  very  small  place."  On  July  3  a 
meeting  of  all  passengers  was  called  to  con- 
sider the  propriety  of  celebrating  the  glorious 
Fourth.  Prof.  A.  S.  Hill  presided,  and  a  com- 
mittee was  chosen  to  take  charge  of  the  evening 
program,  which  was  to  be  of  a  literary  nature, 
and  another  to  superintend  the  games  to  be 
provided  for  the  Monday's  entertainment.  The 
evening  passed  pleasantly  with  recitations  of 
selections  and  original  poems,  introduced  very 
wittily  by  the  chairman,  Rev.  T.  F.  Wright,  of 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

On  the  morning  of  the  Fourth  there  was  a 
suspicious  quiet  aboard  which  boded  little  good, 
and  the  news  soon  spread  that  the  shaft  was  bent 
and  that  the  engines  had  stopped  at  half-past 
five;  that  the  boat  was  drifting  slowly  to  north- 
ward, and  must  wait  till  some  benevolent 
Samaritan  came  to  her  aid.  Soon  after  7  a.m. 
a  steamer  was  seen  on  the  horizon,  which 
was  signalled  and  tooted  to  in  vain.  She  "  went 
by  on  the  other  side."  Meantime  the  wind 
blew  freshly  from  the  south,  and  all  wondered 
"  How  long?  " 

Each  one  laid  in  what  store  of  patience  he 
could  command,  when  about  3  p.m.  the  boat- 
swain's whistle  gave  the  joyful  signal  that  a 
steamer  was  in  sight,  and  in  a  few  moments  she 
turned  and  came  swiftly  towards  the  Cephalonia. 
What  a  relief  it  was  when  the  signals  exchanged 
told  that  the  steamer  Floridian,  from  the  West 
Indies  and  bound  to  Liverpool,  would  take  the 
Cephalonia  in  tow  to  Queenstown.  The  quiet 
endurance  of  the  morning  at  once  changed  into 
the  gladness  of  hope,  and  the  whole  aspect  of 
things  wore  a  different  hue.  A  more  grateful 
company  could  hardly  have  been  found  the 
world  over,  and  all  felt  once  more  in  a  cheer- 
ful mood — and  ready  to  celebrate  the  next 
day.  True,  the  party  would  not  be  in  time  to 
partake  of  the  festivities  awaiting  them  in  Liv- 
erpool and  Manchester,  for  Thursday  was  the 
very  earliest  time  that  could  be  made,  as  the 
steamer  could  hope  to  go  not  more  than  from 
four  to  six  miles  an  hour,  and  was  400  miles 
away.  But  all  were  safe,  and  happy.  On 
Monday  the  second  part  of  the  celebration  took 
place,  and  was  very  entertaining. 


Wednesday  it  was  announced  that  the  steam- 
er would  reach  Queenstown  at  night,  and  she 
did  so  after  a  day  of  perfect  beauty  off  the 
coast  of  Ireland.  Time  fails  to  tell  of  the  sail 
up  the  beautiful  harbor  of  Queenstown,  the 
miseries  of  the  midnight  scramble  for  trunks  at 
the  customs  house,  the  night  journey  to  Dub- 
lin, when  the  day  began  to  dawn  at  midnight, 
the  crossing  of  the  Irish  Sea,  and  the  ride 
through  Wales  and  the  arrival  at  Birmingham 
Thursday  afternoon.  36  hours  of  wakefulness 
sent  all  early  to  bed,  and  when  the  anxious 
predecessors  arrived  late  to  greet  their  fellows 
not  a  librarian  was  in  sight,  and  their  congratu- 
lations had  to  wait  until  Friday  morning,  when 
at  last  the  reunited  brethren  and  sisters  ex- 
changed glad  greetings. 

THE  WELCOME  AND  THE  WAITING  —  LIVERPOOL. 

Liverpool,  in  the  person  of  the  ever-genial 
Peter  Cowell,  stood  ready  with  open  arms  to 
give  first  welcome  to  the  library  pilgrims  from 
America,  and  great  was  the  sorrow  when  Tues- 
day, July  7,  arrived,  and  the  pilgrims  did  not 
arrive.  Mr.  Lane,  chairman  of  the  travel  com- 
mittee, accompanied  by  his  mother,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Utley,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hill,  Mr.  Gould,  of 
Montreal,  Mr.  Eakins,  of  Toronto,  and  Rev. 
Mr.  Gillies,  chairman  of  the  library  committee 
of  Kingston,  Jamaica,  W.  I.,  were  the  only 
American  representatives  at  Liverpool,  and, 
with  Mr.  Bowker,  who  reached  Wigan  the  next 
day  from  London,  these  few  were  obliged  to 
drop  all  sense  of  humility  and  try  to  expand 
themselves  into  representing  the  50  who  had 
not  arrived,  and  —  all  America  !  It  was  noted, 
however,  that  the  party  did  represent  remark- 
ably the  widespread  distribution  of  library  de- 
velopment in  America.  Mr.  Cowell  did  his  best 
to  cause  the  little  company  to  forget  their  anx- 
iety about  their  fellow-countrymen,  showing 
them  about  his  library,  noted  everywhere  for  its 
large  success,  and  making  everything  in  Liver- 
pool open  to  them,  and  in  the  evening  the  for- 
mal hospitalities  of  the  pre-conference  program 
began  with  a  conversazione  tendered  by  the  Li- 
brary, museum,  arts,  and  technical  instruction 
committee  of  the  Liverpool  Council.  The  mag- 
nificent rooms  of  the  superb  building  in  which 
the  culture-features,  so  to  speak,  of  Liverpool, 
are  housed,  were  thrown  fully  open,  and  were 
thronged  with  nearly  700  of  Liverpool's  most 
representative  men  and  women,  gathered  to 
greet  the  American  party,  if  not  with  the 
Americans  themselves.  Sir  William  B.  For- 
wood,  chairman  of  the  committee,  and  Miss 
Forwood,  received  the  visitors  in  the  upper 
vestibule  of  the  Walker  Art  Gallery,  supported 
by  the  members  of  his  committee,  and  Mr. 
Cowell,  as  host,  was  supported  also  by  Mr. 
Charles  Dyall,  curator  of  the  art  gallery,  and 
Dr.  Forbes,  director  of  the  museum.  In  the 
Picton  reading-room  the  Probyn  Ladies  Sextet 
discoursed  instrumental  and  the  Minster  Vocal 
Quartet  vocal  music,  and  in  one  of  the  art 
gallery  rooms  the  Liverpool  Constabulary  Band 
played.  The  would-be  welcome  was  altogether 
a  delightful  one,  though  the  regrets  over  the 
absentees  were  widely  and  sincerely  expressed. 


400 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


WIGAN  AND   HATCH   HALL. 

On  Wednesday  morning,  July  7,  the  little 
party,  accompanied  by  Sir  William  Forwood, 
Mr.  Cowell,  and  other  English  friends,  made 
the  pleasant  run  by  rail  to  Wigan,  and  were 
relieved  to  have  news  that  the  absentees,  after  a 
Fourth-of-July  accident  off  the  Irish  coast,  had 
suffered  no  harm  and  little  anxiety,  had  been 
reported  at  Queenstown,  and  were  nearing  that 
harbor  of  refuge  in  friendly  tow.  At  Wigan, 
the  interesting  Free  Library  and  its  separate 
building  for  the  Boys'  Reading  Room  were  first 
visited,  under  guidance  of  Mr.  Folkard,  the  li- 
brarian, and  thence  the  visitors  made  the  pleas- 
ant journey,  two  miles  out,  to  Haigh  Hall. 
Not  only  had  the  lovely  grounds  (from  which 
could  be  seen  the  church  of  Standish,  whence 
came  the  doughty  Captain  Miles)  and  the  beauti- 
ful house,  Haigh  Hall,  been  thrown  open  by  the 
Earl  of  Crawford  —  who  came  down  from  the 
London  season  especially  to  receive  his  visit- 
ors — but  a  remarkable  selection  of  over  500  man- 
uscripts of  all  ages  and  countries,  rare  books, 
proclamations,  and  rich  bindings  (especially 
of  the  inlaid  metal  ones,  in  which  Lord  Craw- 
ford's collection  is  so  rich),  had  been  laid  out  in 
the  rooms,  numbered,  and  cataloged,  by  Mr.  J. 
P.  Edmond,  Lord  Crawford's  librarian,  in  an  ad- 
mirable printed  catalog  dedicated  to  the  Ameri- 
can librarians.  Special  care  had  been  taken  to 
show  things  relating  to  America  or  to  the  Eng- 
lish forefathers.  This  was  a  surprising  fore- 
taste, quite  overwhelming  to  the  visitors,  of  the 
lavish  hospitality  in  store  for  the  pre -conference 
party.  The  guests  were  welcomed  by  Mr.  Lind- 
say, one  of  the  younger  sons  of  the  house,  who 
presented  them  to  his  father,  and  after  an  hour  or 
two  spent  in  inspecting  the  treasures,  Lord  Craw- 
ford pointing  out  here  and  there  special  matters 
of  interest,  the  large  party,  including  the  mayor 
and  many  citizens  of  Wigan,  were  ushered  to 
the  large  marquee  on  the  lawn,  where,  as  soon 
as  the  guests  were  seated,  a  delightful  luncheon 
was  served. 

After  luncheon,  Lord  Crawford  gave  the 
toasts,  first  of  the  Queen,  then  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  then  of  his  American 
guests,  bidding  them  heartily  welcome,  express- 
ing his  keen  regret  at  the  enforced  absence  on 
the  choppy  seas  of  so  many  of  his  hoped-for 
guests,  and  coupling  with  the  toast  the  name 
of  Mr.  Lane,  who  responded  pleasantly.  Sir 
William  Forwood  proposed,  and  Mr.  Bowker, 
for  the  Americans  seconded,  the  health  of  the 
host;  the  former  referring  regretfully  to  the 
proposed  increase  of  "death  duties"  which 
might  discourage  private  collections  hereafter; 
the  latter  emphasizing  the  fact  that  official  mis- 
understandings could  not  lessen  the  real  knitting 
together  of  "kin  across  sea,"  which  was  so 
much  strengthened  by  such  kindnesses  as  these 
hospitalities,  referring  to  Lord  Crawford's  great 
services  as  a  trustee  of  the  British  Museum  and 
as  a  promoter  of  scientific  and  industrial  pro- 
gress in  England,  and  coupling  with  the  Earl's 
health  that  of  Mr.  Lindsay  and  the  family  of 
Haigh  Hall. 

Lord  Crawford,  in  returning  thanks,  gave  a 


brief  history  of  the  Haigh  Hall  collection, 
begun  in  the  I4th  century,  promoted  by  the 
literary  interest  of  the  family  (illustrated  in 
Lady  Anne  Lindsay,  whose  ms.  of  "  Auld 
Robin  Gray "  was  among  the  exhibits),  but 
made  chiefly  by  his  father,  who  had  begun  the 
larger  collection  with  the  purpose  that  what- 
ever might  be  the  taste  or  interest  of  any 
future  head  of  the  house,  he  might  find  a 
nucleus  of  books  on  his  special  subject  in  the 
general  collection.  While  specializing  the  li- 
brary in  manuscripts  and  on  other  lines,  he 
had  kept  the  general  purpose  in  view,  and  he 
was  glad  to  say  that  his  eldest  son  continued 
the  interest  in  books.  As  to  the  "death  du- 
ties," he  hoped  the  representations  already 
made  to  the  ministry  might  have  their  effect 
in  preventing  legislation  which  might  compel 
heirs  of  such  collections  to  disperse  them. 

MANCHESTER. 

From  Wigan,  in  the  late  afternoon,  the  party 
went  on  to  Manchester,  where  again  everything 
was  made  ready  for  them  with  wonderfully 
thoughtful  and  complete  organization  of  de- 
tails. There  was  a  printed  time-table  for  the 
visitors'  busy  hours  ;  descriptive  "  Notes  on 
Manchester  institutions  visited  by  the  American 
delegates"  had  also  been  specially  prepared, 
and  the  visitors  were  driven  from  point  to 
point  under  personal  guidance,  and  at  each 
place  the  official  head  was  waiting  to  give  wel- 
come and  a  brief  address  of  explanation.  Con- 
sequently, the  Americans,  here  as  afterward, 
saw  and  heard  as  much  in  one  day  as  most 
visitors  in  three.  Wednesday  evening  the  Lord 
Mayor  and  his  daughter,  Miss  Roberts,  had 
asked  leading  Manchester  citizens,  men  and 
women,  to  greet  the  visitors  in  the  noble  town 
hall,  where  they  enjoyed  the  wall  pictures  of 
Madox-Brown,  the  charming  concerts  given 
severally  by  the  vocalists  of  the  evening,  by  the 
city  organist  on  the  great  organ,  and  by  the 
Manchester  City  Police  Band  ;  the  banquet 
which  was  spread  during  the  evening,  and 
above  all  the  warm  personal  welcome  given  by 
the  Lord  Mayor,  still  young  in  heart  and  action 
at  the  age  of  79.  To  each  of  the  Americans 
present  he  expressed  his  regrets  for  the  wan- 
derers and  asked  to  have  this  feeling  of  all 
Manchester  reported  to  them  on  their  arrival. 

Thursday,  July  8,  was  a  hard-working  day, 
filled  with  pleasures.  The  American  visitors, 
with  a  number  of  English  librarians  and  Man- 
chester people,  met  first  at  an  informal  recep- 
tion at  ten  o'clock  at  the  Free  Reference  Libra- 
ry, occupying  the  old  town  hall  in  King  street, 
where  Alderman  Southern, the  efficient  chair- 
man of  the  free  libraries  committee,  Alder- 
man Hoy,  the  enterprising  chairman  of  the 
technical  instruction  committee,  with  their  col- 
leagues, and  Mr.  C.  W.  Sutton,  chief  librari- 
an, to  whom  the  visitors  owed  the  great  part  of 
their  pleasures,  gave  cordial  welcome.  Mr. 
Southern  outlined  to  some  of  his  guests  the  fine 
plans  Manchester  was  discussing  for  the  future 
of  the  library  in  new  quarters.  The  crowded 
shelves,  and  the  astonishing  ladders,  reaching 
in  default  of  galleries,  nearly  to  the  top  of  the 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


401 


i8-foot  room,  testified  to  the  necessity  for  re- 
moval. Thence  the  party  took  conveyances  to 
the  superb  new  building  erecting,  in  cathedral 
style  and  with  all  the  solidity  and  artistic  detail 
of  an  old  cathedral,  by  Mrs.  John  Rylands,  to 
house  the  magnificent  collection  of. books,  in- 
cluding the  Althorp  collection  purchased  from 
Earl  Spencer,  which  is  to  be  her  memorial  to 
her  husband,  the  eminent  manufacturer  and 
merchant.  The  building,  from  the  designs  of 
Mr.  Champneys,  with  rich  scholastic  ornamen- 
tation and  a  noble  window  figuring  the  great 
scholars  of  all  ages  (including  the  American 
Jonathan  Edwards),  will  be  ready  a  year  or  so 
hence  to  receive  the  60,000  and  more  volumes 
already  collected  —  a  great  scholars'  library. 
Mrs.  Rylands,  being  absent  on  the  continent, 
Mr.  W.  Linnell  and  Mr.  W.  Carnelley,  partners 
in  the  Rylands  house,  and  Mrs.  Rylands'  advis- 
ers in  this  noble  memorial,  conducted  the  visi- 
tors through  the  building,  Mr.  Carnelley  making 
a  brief  speech  of  explanation  and  Mr.  Bowker 
expressing  for  the  American  visitors  their  ap- 
preciation of  the  fine  thought  of  Mrs.  Rylands 
in  making  this  shrine  for  books  so  worthy  a 
memorial.  At  the  ancient  Chetham  Hospital 
and  Library  the  Dean  of  Manchester  and  Arch- 
deacon Anson,  on  behalf  of  the  feofees,  wel- 
comed the  party,  who  returned  thanks  through 
Mr.  Lane;  and  the  governor,  Mr.  W.  T.  Browne, 
made  the  tour  of  the  old,  old  buildings,  point- 
ing out  the  many  features  of  interest.  Thence 
the  party  returned  to  the  new  town  hall, 
where  the  two  committees  had  provided  a 
bounteous  luncheon,  Alderman  Southern  occu- 
pying the  chair  with  the  Lord  Mayor  on  his 
right,  and  Alderman  Hoy  with  the  ladies  of 
the  American  delegation  on  the  other  hand. 
After  the  toast  to  the  Queen  from  the  chair- 
man, Mr.  Hoy  proposed  the  health  of  the 
visitors  in  a  most  felicitous  speech,  in  which 
he  referred  gracefully  to  the  common  heritage 
of  the  two  countries,  and  Mr.  Eakins,  of  To- 
ronto, responded  for  the  Americans,  referring 
incidentally  to  the  loyalty  of  Canada  to  the 
mother  country.  The  Dean  of  Manchester  very 
wittily  proposed  the  health  of  the  Lord  Mayor, 
Dr.  Ward  toasted  the  chairman,  and  Sir  Will- 
iam Bailey  gallantly  gave  the  "health  of  the 
ladies,  to  which  Mrs.  Rawson  gave  a  pleasant 
word  of  response. 

Under  the  guidance  of  Alderman  Hoy,  the 
visitors  next  inspected  the  spacious  but  yet  in- 
complete building  for  the  Municipal  Technical 
School,  in  preparation  for  which  he  or  others 
of  his  committee  had  personally  visited  most 
of  the  like  institutions  in  England  and  else- 
where. They  then  drove  to  Owens  College, 
where  Principal  Ward  gave  a  succinct  account 
of  the  development  of  the  college  and  of  its 
library,  soon  to  be  housed  in  the  new  Chris- 
tie Library  building,  the  gift  of  ex-Chancellor 
Christie  ;  and  Prof.  Boyd-Dawkins,  head  of  the 
Manchester  Museum,  connected  with  the  col- 
lege, in  defining  and  describing  the  museum, 
expressed  his  indebtedness  to  American  mu- 
seums for  many  of  the  ideas  therein  em- 
bodied. These  courtesies  were  acknowledged 
by  Rev.  Mr.  Gillies,  of  Jamaica,  W.  I.,  for 


the  American  visitors,  responding  to  Alder- 
man Thompson's  pleasant  word.  The  day  end- 
ed with  a  cordial  welcome  to  the  remarka- 
ble Tudor  exhibition  at  the  City  Art  Gallery, 
where  Councillor  Pythian  acted  as  host,  and 
where  afternoon  tea  was  served,  and  in  the 
evening  the  little  delegation  went  on  to  Birming- 
ham, there  to  meet  the  long-delayed  "  Cepha- 
lonians." 

THE   REUNION  —  BIRMINGHAM. 

Friday,  July  9,  found  all  united  in  the  hos- 
pitable town  of  Birmingham,  where  again  most 
careful  preparations  had  been  arranged  to  make 
the  most  of  the  day.  The  printed  time-table  in- 
cluded also  a  brief  list  of  books  relating  to  Bir- 
mingham, prepared  by  Mr.  Charles  E.  Scarse, 
local  hon.  sec.  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K.,  to  whom  the 
visitors  were  largely  indebted  for  the  success  of 
the  day. 

The  visitors  gathered  at  the  Central  Free  Li- 
brary, where  that  veteran  among  librarians,  J. 
D.  Mullins,  active  in  mind  though  enfeebled  in 
body,  shook  hands  with  as  many  of  the  guests 
as  his  strength  permitted.  The  noble  building 
and  its  worthy  contents,  especially  the  Shake- 
speare library,  were  inspected  with  great  pleas- 
ure, under  the  guidance  of  Councillor  Charles 
Green  and  the  sub-librarian,  Mr.  A.  C.  Shaw. 
Thence  many  of  the  visitors  diverged  from  the 
regular  program  for  a  brief  call  at  the  old  Bir- 
mingham Library,  a  proprietary  library  more 
than  a  century  old,  presided  over  by  Mr.  Scarse, 
where  they  were  especially  interested  in  the  pro- 
prietors' rooms  —  a  sort  of  club  feature  —  and 
in  the  dust-extractor,  working  by  suction,  upon 
which  some  keen  eyes  lighted.  The  Birming- 
ham Midland  Institute,  one  of  the  great  origi- 
nating centres  of  public  education  in  England, 
was  next  visited,  under  the  guidance  of  Treas- 
urer Matthews  and  Councillor  Martineau.  At 
noon  a  reception  was  held  by  the  Lord  Mayor, 
James  Smith,  Esq.,  in  the  fine  rooms  of  the 
council  house,  and  a  pleasant  luncheon  was 
served,  at  which  Alderman  Fallows  and  others 
of  the  Council,  U.  S.  Consul  G.  F.  Parker,  and 
many  others  were  present.  The  Lord  Mayor, 
speaking  especially  to  the  newly-arrived  party, 
emphasized  the  appropriateness  of  visiting  first 
the  county  of  Warwickshire,  the  birthplace  of 
Shakespeare  and  George  Eliot,  and  said  that 
there  was  no  part  of  Birmingham's  municipal 
life  more  fully  appreciated  and  more  cheerfully 
supported  by  the  people  than  the  free  libraries. 
He  hoped  America  and  England  would  con- 
tinue to  go  hand  in  hand  ;  the  readers  of  both 
enjoyed  the  same  books,  and  gave  librarians  the 
same  trouble  and  anxiety.  Mr.  Crunden grace- 
fully returned  thanks  for  the  visitors. 

In  the  afternoon  the  Municipal  School  of  Art 
was  first  visited,  and  then  Mason  College 
and  Library.  The  visitors  next  found  their 
way  to  the  remarkable  building  of  the  Munici- 
pal Technical  School,  where  brief  addresses  of 
explanation  were  made  by  Councillor  Martineau 
and  Principal  Sumpner,  after  which  the  inter- 
esting practical  features  of  the  school  received 
careful  inspection.  Some  of  the  visitors  found 
their  way  to  the  great  town  hall  which  had  so 


402 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


often  echoed  to  the  voices  of  John  Bright  and 
his  fellows.  At  five  o'clock,  at  the  invitation  of 
President  Windle  and  the  committee  of  the  Bir- 
mingham Library,  all  gathered  at  the  Grand 
Hotel  for  "tea,"  which  proved  to  be  a  bounti- 
ful supper.  Dr.  Windle,  presiding,  offered  the 
guests  welcome  on  behalf  of  one  of  the  oldest 
libraries  of  its  kind  in  the  kingdom,  founded  by 
the  distinguished  Dr.  Priestley.  Mr.  Crunden, 
replying,,  said  that  Americans  looked  with  pride 
upon  the  triumphs  of  England,  and,  as  a  matter 
of  reciprocity,  the  mother-country  should  take 
credit  for  whatever  the  children  did.  Dr.  Nolan, 
of  Philadelphia,  seconded  his  remarks,  and  Mr. 
Bowker,  speaking  for  the  visitors,  gave  the 
toast  of  the  Queen,  which  was  seconded  by  all 
joining  in  the  national  anthem.  Consul  Parker, 
who  has  done  excellent  service  in  Birmingham 
as  a  literary  as  well  as  an  official  representative, 
also  spoke.  Mr.  Andrews,  of  Chicago,  pro- 
posed a  vote  of  thanks  to  Dr.  Windle  and  the 
committee,  and  Mr.  J.  Thackeray  Bunce,  of  the 
committee,  spoke  pleasantly,  saying  that  Eng- 
lishman envied  the  magnificent  way  in  which 
the  United  States  had  founded  state  and  other 
libraries.  He  added  that  nowhere  in  England 
were  Americans  more  welcome  than  in  Bir- 
mingham, referring  especially  to  Holmes, 
Lowell,  and  Bayard  Taylor.  Whatever  some 
people  might  try  to  make  out,  we  were  one  na- 
tion once  and  we  are  one  nation  at  heart  now. 

In  the  evening  some  of  the  party  visited  Con- 
sul Parker  at  his  home,  and  others  drove  to  one 
of  the  charming  historic  houses  of  the  vicinity, 
to  which  a  cordial  invitation  had  been  given. 

IN  THE  WARWICKSHIRE  COUNTRY. 

On  Saturday  morning,  July  10,  the  visitors 
started  by  an  early  train  for  Kenilworth,  where, 
after  visiting  the  lovely  ruins,  so  associated  in 
library  minds  with  Sir  Walter  Scott,  coaches 
were  taken  for  that  most  delightful  of  drives  past 
Guy's  Cliff  and  the  old  mill  to  Warwick  Castle, 
where  the  house  and  gardens  were  fully  en- 
joyed, and  through  Warwick  to  the  home  of 
Shakespeare,  Mr.  Chivers  having  most  wisely 
rearranged  the  plans  so  as  to  spend  Sunday  at 
Stratford  instead  of  at  Leamington.  A  visit 
was  made  in  the  late  afternoon  to  the  Shake- 
speare birth-house,  after  which  Mrs.  Charles 
Flower  exemplified  the  hospitality  and  gener- 
osity associated  in  Stratford  with  that  name  by 
a  charming  afternoon  tea  and  garden-party  at 
her  delightful  residence  close  by.  Thence  the 
party  passed  on  to  the  Memorial  Building, 
where  they  were  formally  welcomed  by  the 
Mayor  and  shown  through  the  gallery  and 
library. 

On  Sunday  morning  many  of  the  party  drove 
and  others  walked  to  Ann  Hathaway's  cottage  at 
Shottery,  and  there  was  a  general  gathering  at 
the  morning  service  in  Shakespeare's  church, 
the  picturesque  Holy  Trinity  by  the  riverside, 
where  his  bones  lie  undisturbed.  The  Bishop 
of  Cairo,  111.,  preached  the  sermon,  and  after 
the  service  called  the  American  party  together 
at  the  chancel  and  held  the  simple  service  of 
thanksgiving  for  their  escape  from  the  dangers 
of  the  great  deep. 


It  is  a  fitting  rule  of  Vicar  Arbuthnot  that 
sightseeing  shall  not  be  permitted  on  Sun- 
day, but  in  view  of  this  visit  of  American  li- 
brarians he  not  only  allowed  an  exception  to  the 
rule,  but  himself  guided  the  party  through  the 
church  and  gave  a  most  interesting  series  of 
talks  here  and  there,  covering  all  the  features  of 
interest.  Particularly  the  visitors  were  inter- 
ested in  the  modern  stained-glass  window  which 
is  to  commemorate  the  church-relationship  and 
the  book-relationship  of  England  and  America, 
and  it  is  hoped  by  the  visiting  party  that  it  may 
be  practicable  to  arrange  through  librarians  for 
completing  the  American  panels  which  are  yet 
to  be  filled.  Afterwards  the  visitors,  guided 
by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ward,  were  shown  through 
King  Edward's  School,  where  Shakespeare  was 
a  pupil,  and  the  old  Guildhall,  in  which  the  lad 
probably  saw  his  first  play,  the  headmaster,  as 
host,  giving  a  most  informing  and  entertaining 
talk.  After  dinner  and  an  hour  of  rest,  the 
visitors  drove  out  to  Clopton  Hall,  an  interest- 
ing old  mansion,  where  Sir  Arthur  Hodgson 
received  them  courteously,  and  had  them 
shown  through  the  house  and  grounds.  Some 
of  the  party  enjoyed  at  sunset,  under  the  guid- 
ance of  Mr.  Richard  Savage,  the  bibliographer 
of  Shakespeare  and  custodian  of  the  library,  a 
walk  to  "the  bank  where  the  wild  thyme 
grows,"  while  others  sought  rest  in  what  re- 
mained of  a  busy  Sunday.  In  the  morning, 
after  a  second  visit  to  the  Memorial  Building, 
the  pilgrims  journeyed  to  London,  where  most 
of  the  party  found  the  quarters  assigned  to  them 
in  the  Inns  of  Court  Hotel,  their  headquarters 
during  the  conference. 

LONDON  — THE  GUILDHALL  RECEPTION.      . 

The  international  conference  was  fittingly 
prefaced  by  a  reception  at  the  Guildhall  of  the 
City  of  London,  where  for  the  first  time  the 
English  hosts,  the  American  visitors,  and  the 
representatives  from  the  colonies  and  from 
other  countries  first  had  opportunity  of  making 
one  another's  acquaintance,  the  Guildhall  being 
at  once  the  centre  of  civic  government  and  of  art 
and  literature  for  the  city  of  London.  In  the 
necessary  absence  of  Sir  John  Lubbock,  the 
visitors  were  received  by  Dr.  Richard  Garnett, 
as  president  of  the  Bibliographical  Society  and 
representative  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K.  committee, 
and  after  his  informal  welcome  took  their 
choice  among  the  "triple  bill"  of  entertain- 
ments provided  for  them.  Many  found  their 
way  to  the  Guildhall  library,  where  the  feature 
of  the  evening  was  Dr.  Garnett's  interesting 
paper  on  "  The  introduction  of  European  print- 
ing in  the  east,"  read  here  instead  of  in  the 
conference  session,  but  summarized  elsewhere 
at  its  place  on  the  regular  program.  Others 
enjoyed  the  vocal  music  in  the  reception  hall, 
or  the  extraordinary  variety  entertainment  pro- 
vided by  the  Savage  Club,  whose  members, 
impressing  Lord  Crawford  into  the  chair,  told 
stories  or  sang  songs  to  a  throng  which  over- 
flowed the  modern  and  beautiful  rotunda  of 
the  council  room.  Still  others  accepted  the 
hospitality  of  the  wonderful  Victorian  exhibit 
of  paintings,  shown  in  the  Guildhall  art  gal- 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


4<>3 


leries,  an  exhibition  already  visited  at  that  time 
by  over  200,000  people;  or  looked  over  the 
various  library  exhibits  which  were  shown  in 
the  Guildhall  proper,  with  the  dim  forms  of 
Gog  and  Magog  presiding  from  above.  With 
literature,  music,  and  art,  a  pleasant  evening 
was  quickly  passed,  and  though  the  attractions 
were  too  various  and  absorbing  for  much  new 
personal  acquaintanceship,  many  greetings 
were  exchanged  among  old  friends,  and  it  was 
agreed  that  the  social  opening  of  the  conference 
was  most  auspicious. 

LONDON  FESTIVITIES. 

The  opening  of  the  conference  is  described 
elsewhere,  but  a  word  should  be  said  as  to  the 
interesting  place  of  meeting.  By  courtesy  of 
the  Lord  Mayor  and  the  committee  of  the  coun- 
cil, Guildhall  was  practically  given  up  to  the 
conference  during  most  of  the  week.  Except 
during  one  day,  on  which  the  colincil  itself  met 
in  its  chamber,  the  meetings  were  held  in  the 
noble  rotunda,  which  had  been  built  of  recent 
years  as  a  worthy  home  for  the  civic  court  of 
the  greatest  city  in  the  world.  The  circular 
rows  of  seats,  with  their  ingenious  desk  devices, 
worthy  of  the  Library  Bureau,  brought  the  au- 
dience into  close  touch  with  the  readers  and 
speakers,  and  every  one  present  felt  the  inspira- 
tion of  the  noble  hall.  There  was  seating  room 
for  about  500  people.  At  the  first  session  the 
place  was  more  than  crowded,  and  thereafter 
there  was  a  good  attendance  throughout.  On 
one  day  the  meeting  was  held  in  the  former 
council  chamber,  where  the  old-fashioned  ar- 
rangements were  in  curious  contrast  with  the 
new  hall,  and  here  accommodations  were  rather 
lacking  for  the  large  attendance.  Arrange- 
ment had  been  made  for  the  service  of  luncheon 
each  day,  at  moderate  prices,  in  the  room  below 
the  council  chamber  ;  a  writing-room  was  pro- 
vided for  the  delegates  ;  the  efficient  secretaries 
and  assistant  secretaries  were  always  ready  to 
answer  all  manner  of  questions  and  do  all  sorts 
of  pleasant  things  at  their  headquarters  in  the 
library;  and  altogether  nothing  was  left  undone 
for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  visitors. 
The  felicitous  and  humorous  remarks  of  the 
Lord  Mayor,  the  excellent  address  of  Sir  John 
Lubbock,  the  happily-phrased  remarks  of  Mr. 
Mac  Alister ,  and  other  incidents  at  the  start,  gave 
excellent  tone  for  the  meeting,  and,  happily, 
the  first  paper  led  to  a  discussion  in  which  so 
many  took  part  that  the  ice  was  at  once  broke 
and  the  standard  was  set  for  the  discussions 
thereafter.  Each  day  the  conference  kept  at 
work  pretty  steadily  from  early  in  the  morning 
until  four  in  the  afternoon,  except  that  many 
of  the  visitors  could  not  resist  taking  advantage 
of  their  first  opportunity  to  see  the  sights  of 
London. 

On  the  afternoon  of  Tuesday,  July  13,  a  re- 
ception was  given  at  Sion  College,  on  the  Vic- 
toria Embankment,  where  the  ancient  library 
which  is  really  the  college,  in  its  noble  hall,  was 
shown  and  some  of  its  treasures  displayed  by 
the  librarians,  Rev.  W.  H.  Milman  and  Mr. 
Guffy,  who  had  prepared  a  special  catalog 
for  the  exhibit,  while  a  pleasant  program  of 


vocal  music  was  given  in  the  rooms  below, 
with  afternoon  tea  conveniently  adjacent.  In 
the  evening  one  of  the  grand  functions  of  Lon- 
don was  given  in  the  Mansion  House,  where 
the  Lord  Mayor,  in  his  robes,  attended  by  the 
Mace-  and  Sword-bearers,  received  the  visitors 
in  state,  and  where  they  were  entertained  after- 
wards by  an  orchestral  concert,  by  vocal  music, 
and  by  a  collation. 

Wednesday  afternoon  was  notable  for  the 
charming  garden-party  given  by  the  Marchio- 
ness of  Bute,  in  the  lovely  gardens  of  St. 
James'  Lodge,  in  the  inner  circle  of  Regent's 
Park.  The  beautiful  house  was  thrown  open 
to  visitors,  and  after  receiving  her  guests  on 
the  lawn  the  Marchioness  had  provided  a  fine 
orchestral  entertainment  on  the  terrace,  with 
the  ever-present  afternoon  tea  and  "light  refresh- 
ments." Situated  in  the  heart  of  the  great  ex- 
panse of  Regent's  Park,  this  estate,  leased 
from  the  crown,  combines  the  advantages  and 
beauties  of  city  and  country,  and  perhaps  no 
feature  of  the  week's  entertainment  was  more 
enjoyed  by  the  guests.  In  the  evening  Sir 
John  and  Lady  Lubbock  gave  a  reception  in 
their  town  house  on  St.  James'  Square,  and  their 
spacious  and  pleasant  rooms  were  thronged 
from  10  o'clock  till  midnight. 

Thursday  afternoon  was  given  up  to  visits  to 
the  great  houses  of  London,  which  had  thrown 
their  doors  wide  open  for  the  guests  of  the 
week.  The  first  visit  of  most  of  the  party  was 
at  Brook  House,  Park  Lane,  where  Lord- and 
Lady  Tweedmouth  were  ready  to  receive  them 
and  to  show  the  treasures  of  the  interesting 
collection  of  books  there  gathered,  the  chief  of 
which  were  spread  out  for  ready  inspection. 
After  that  came  the  Duke  of  Westminster's 
town  residence,  Grosvenor  House,  in  Upper 
Grosvenor  street,  where  the  wonderful  collec- 
tion of  pictures,  Gainsborough's  "  Blue  boy," 
the  well-known  Rembrandts,  etc.,  and  the 
charming  rooms  were  enjoyed  to  the  full,  and 
where  also  a  bounteous  collation  was  served. 
The  afternoon  was  rounded  out  by  a  visit  to 
Apsley  House,  Piccadilly,  the  home  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  where  the  visitors  were 
shown  the  museum-room,  which  contains  the 
wonderful  collections  of  orders,  swords,  etc., 
of  the  great  founder  of  the  house,  and  where 
they  shuffled  through  the  grand  salons,  to  their 
amusement  and  edification,  in  the  felt  slippers 
provided  for  visitors. 

In  the  evening  500  guests  enjoyed  the  unpar- 
alleled hospitality  of  Sir  Henry  Irving  at  the  Ly- 
ceum theatre.  Sir  Henry  had  not  only  put  his 
theatre  practically  at  the  service  of  the  commit- 
tee of  the  conference,  assigning  for  the  use  of 
its  members  500  of  the  best  seats  in  the  house, 
the  entire  dress  portion,  but  he  had  for  the 
evening  replaced  "  Madame  Sans-Gene,"  which 
had  been  running  throughout  the  season, 
with  one  of  his  gr«at  Shakespearian  produc- 
tions, fittingly  selecting  "  The  merchant  of 
Venice  "  for  the  purpose.  The  library  party 
thoroughly  appreciated  this  compliment,  with 
all  that  it  meant,  and  no  hospitality  in  the 
whole  series  of  events  called  forth  more  uni- 
versal and  hearty  expressions  of  indebtedness. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


Under  the  inspiration  of  their  own  hospitality 
and  in  the  presence  of  so  many  literary  guests 
Sir  Henry  Irving  and  his  associate,  Miss  Terry, 
in  the  parts  of  Shylock  and  of  Portia,  acted  at 
their  best,  and  the  whole  company  was  moved 
with  the  same  spirit.  During  the  play  a  wreath 
was  presented  by  the  visitors  to  Miss  Terry,  as 
the  queen  of  the  dramatic  profession,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  play  a  number,  at  the  invitation  of 
Sir  Henry,  met  htm  in  the  green-room  and 
took  advantage  of  the  occasion  to  present  their 
thanks  for  the  party. 

Friday  afternoon  the  most  interesting  feature 
was  the  visit  to  Lambeth  Palace  and  its  ancient 
library  across  the  Thames,  where  every  one  was 
delighted  to  enjoy  the  odor  of  sanctity  and  of 
antiquity  associated  with  the  old  palace,  and 
profited  by  the  interesting  explanatory  talk 
made  by  the  librarian  in  the  chapel  of  so  many 
memories.  Some  visited  the  Duke  of  Suther- 
land's town  residence,  Stafford  House,  St. 
James,  and  others  who  had  not  been  at  Apsley 
House  the  previous  day  took  occasion  to  accept 
the  generous  invitation  of  the  Duke  of  West- 
minster, which  extended  over  both  afternoons. 
But  many  were  forced  to  deny  themselves  these 
later  opportunities  in  their  desire  not  to  miss 
the  opening  of  the  conference  dinner. 

This  took  place  Friday  evening  in  one  of  the 
grand  banqueting-rooms  of  the  new  Hotel 
Cecil,  which  claims  to  be  the  largest  as  well  as 
the  most  sumptuous  hotel  in  the  world.  The 
menu  design  was  from  the  pencil  of  Mr.  Her- 
bert Jones,  of  the  Guildhall  Library,  and  repre- 
sented a  bookshelf  corner  in  which  stood  a 
library  nymph  writing  place  and  date  on  a  scroll 
—  rather  larger  than  the  standard  L.  B.  card. 
Below  was  a  great  folio,  upon  which  was 
a  vignette  of  London  and  the  title-page,  "The 
Second  International  Library  Conference,  Lon- 
don, 1897."  Above  were  the  shields  of  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain,  with  the 
motto : 

"  With  heed  to  these  the  wise  man  looks  — 
His  wife,  his  dinner,  and  his  books." 

During  the  evening  an  interesting  program 
of  music  was  pfeyed  by  the  band  of  the  Royal 
Artillery.  Sir  John  Lubbock  presided,  and 
gave  the  toasts  of  "  The  Queen,"  "  The  Prince 
of  Wales  and  the  royal  family,"  and  "The 
Right  Hon.  Lord  Mayor  and  the  Corporation"; 
the  latter  being  replied  to  by  Charles  Welch, 
librarian  of  the  Guildhall  Library,  in  a  bright 
speech.  Dr.  Garnett  proposed  the  health  of 
"  The  ladies  and  gentlemen  who  have  enter- 
tained the  conference,"  emphasizing  especially 
the  unprecedented  generosity  of  Sir  Henry 
Irving,  and  a  response  was  made  in  a  most 
clever  and  witty  speech  by  Bram  Stoker,  Sir 
Henry's  manager  and  personal  representative, 
who  has  also,  as  a  novelist,  close  relations  with 
book  people.  The  Earl  of  Crawford  proposed 
the  health  of  "The  president  of  the  confer- 
ence," in  a  simple  and  fitting  speech,  to  which 
Sir  John  Lubbock  responded,  expressing  his 
great  pleasure  in,  and  indebtedness  for,  the  op- 
portunity of  presiding  over  so  remarkable  a 
gathering.  Mr.  Tedder  gave  the  toast  of  "  The 
American  Library  Association "  in  a  pleasant 


speech,  mentioning  many  of  the  leading  Ameri- 
can visitors  by  name,  and  Mr.  Dewey  made  a 
happy  response.  The  health  of  "The  foreign 
delegates  "  was  proposed  by  Mr.  MacAlister  in 
graceful  phrase,  and  was  responded  to  in  Eng- 
lish by  Prof.  Comm.  Guido  Biagi,  of  Italy,  who 
aroused  great  enthusiasm  by  his  few  but  in- 
spiring words.  Dr.  Winsor,  as  president  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  proposed  the 
toast  of  "  The  Library  Association  of  the  United 
Kingdom,"  to  which  Alderman  Rawson,  of 
Manchester,  president  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K.,  made 
pleasant  response,  and  "The  Executive  Com- 
mittee of  the  conference "  was  toasted  by  Sir 
William  Bailey  in  one  of  his  witty  speeches,  and 
called  forth  responses  from  Mr.  Borrajo  and  Mr. 
Herbert  Jones.  To  Mr.  Crunden  fell  the  grace- 
ful duty  of  proposing  the  health  of  "  The 
ladies,"  which  he  did  in  a  pleasing  speech,  that 
was  also  a  farewell  to  the  London  hosts,  and  in 
reply  Miss  Hewins  made  a  charming  little  talk, 
saying  that,  like  the  little  girl  who,  when  asked 
her  age,  said  that  she  was  six  years  old,  but 
judging  from  the  good  times  she'd  had  she  must 
be  a  hundred,  the  visitors  felt  as  though  they  had 
spent  not  a  week  in  London,  but  many  months. 
She  then  yielded  the  floor  to  Miss  James,  who, 
as  vice-president  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation, should  make  the  response,  although 
she  had  endeavored  to  evade  the  responsibility. 
Miss  James,  thus  called  to  her  feet,  made  a 
happy  extemporaneous  response,  which  called 
forth  fresh  expressions  of  delight  in  the  ready 
speech  of  the  American  women  representatives, 
and  after  a  volunteered  speech  from  another 
speaker,  who  rose  to  the  occasion,  the  delight- 
ful dinner  came  to  an  end. 

There  were  a  few  enterprising  spirits  left 
among  the  American  men  who  had  still  the 
vitality  to  accept  an  invitation  from  the  Savage 
Club,  where  they  were  entertained  with  song 
and  story  and  helped  in  turn  to  entertain  until 
the  small  hours  of  Saturday  morning. 

THE   POST-CONFERENCE  TRIP  —  SALISBURY. 

There  was  no  rest  for  the  unwearied,  and  al- 
though two  or  more  had  succumbed  after  the 
exercises  of  the  week  and  remained  in  London, 
over  50  of  the  Americans,  with  Sir  William 
Windeyer,  of  Australia,  and.  a  few  other  visi- 
tors, but  unfortunately  no  English  library  peo- 
ple except  Mr.  Chivers,  the  guide,  philosopher, 
and  friend  of  the  party,  started  at  n  o'clock 
Saturday  morning  for  the  West  of  England 
trip. 

They  reached  Salisbury  shortly  before  one, 
and  were  astonished  at  the  interest  shown  by 
the  populace  in  their  arrival,  an  astonishment 
that  was  not  solved  until  the  real  circus  passed 
through  the  streets  in  gorgeous  procession,  to 
the  equal  delight  of  the  townspeople  and  the 
visitors.  After  a  hasty  10  minutes  at  the  hotel 
the  visitors  found  their  way  to  the  council 
chambers  in  the  town  hall,  where  the  mayor 
and  his  associated  councillors,  in  their  gor- 
geous robes  of  office,  were  waiting  to  receive 
them.  After  the  formal  hand-shaking  the  of- 
ficials, with  great  alacrity,  doffed  their  robes 
of  office  and  appeared,  with  much  relief  to 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


405 


themselves,  as  ordinary  citizens.  Luncheon 
was  served  in  the  council  chamber,  where  the 
Lord  Mayor,  proposing  the  usual  toasts  and  the 
health  of  the  visitors,  apologized  that  the  Lady 
Mayoress,  owing  to  the  heat  of  the  day,  had  de- 
clined to  appear  in  the  sumptuous  red  silk  dress 
that  the  statutes  or  traditions  of  Salisbury  had 
prescribed  for  her.  After  several  brief  speech- 
es from  Mr.  Dewey  and  others,  the  party  visited 
the  Free  Public  Library  nearby,  which,  with  a 
few  thousand  volumes,  is  doing  exceedingly 
good  work,  where  Librarian  Langmead  present- 
ed them  with  his  little  pamphlet  on  the  interest- 
ing features  of  Salisbury.  Thence  they  were  led 
by  Mr.  Watson  to  the  ancient  and  interesting 
"  Halle  of  John  Halle,"  a  mediaeval  guildhouse, 
which  he  has  restored  to  its  original  condition. 

On  the  way  to  the  cathedral,  the  lovely  set- 
ting of  which  in  its  wide  close  was  to  those 
new  to  English  cathedral  towns  a  charming 
revelation,  the  Vice-dean  of  the  cathedral, 
"  married  to  the  cathedral"  in  lieu  of  a  wife, 
as  some  one  said  of  him,  gave  a  most  sym- 
pathetic, scholarly,  and  charming  description 
of  the  cathedral  and  its  monuments.  The 
visitors  were  then  made  welcome  to  the  dean- 
ery gardens,  and  Mrs.  Wordsworth,  wife  of  the 
Bishop  of  Salisbury,  acted  in  his  absence  as  host 
and  hostess  both,  at  the  garden-party  in  the  de- 
lightful grounds  of  the  bishop's  palace.  All 
this  made  the  start  for  Stonehenge  rather  late, 
since  it  was  a  drive  of  10  miles  in  each  direc- 
tion. But  the  ardor  of  the  visitors  was  not 
daunted,  and  at  about  six  o'clock  a  procession 
of  vehicles  started  for  that  lovely  drive,  past 
Old  Sarum,  and  across  the  rolling  Salisbury 
Plain,  memorable  in  literature  for  its  Shepherd. 
There  was  brief  halt,  with  opportunity  for 
refreshment,  at  the  little  inn  at  Amesbury,  the 
parent  town  of  Whittier's  home,  and  another  at 
its  quaint  church,  and  just  at  sunset  the  party 
came  to  those  most  wonderful  and  mysterious 
of  ruins,  the  great  stone  circles  of  Stonehenge. 
The  visitors  scarcely  needed  the  voluble  guide 
to  impress  upon  them  the  wonders  of  the  place, 
and  took  a  regretful  leave,  returning  by  the 
river  road  to  Salisbury,  where  somewhat  after 
10  o'clock  dinner  was  at  length  reached. 

Sunday,  July  18,  was  appointed  on  the  pro- 
gram as  a  day  of  rest,  but  the  visitors  were  out 
of  the  habit  of  rest,  and  did  not  rest.  They  at- 
tended service  at  the  cathedral  in  the  morning, 
wandered  about  the  lovely  gardens  or  elsewhere 
about  the  town  after  service,  and  in  the  after- 
noon drove  or  walked,  some  of  them  to  Bemer- 
ton,  in  a  pilgrimage  to  the  church  and  parson- 
age of  George  Herbert,  others  to  Old  Sarum,  for 
a  closer  view  of  that  remarkable  monument  of 
a  city  of  the  past,  and  others  to  the  cavalry  en- 
campment some  miles  away.  It  was  not  until 
after  dusk  had  come  and  evening  had  closed 
upon  the  day  that  the  more  enterprising  be- 
thought them  of  the  rest  promised  on  the  pro- 
gram. 

GLASTONBURY  AND   WELLS. 

On  Monday  morning,  at  "  8.26  sharp,"  the 
pilgrims  started  toward  the  shrine  of  Glaston- 
bury  and  the  island  valley  of  Avalyon.  At 


Glastonbury  Abbey  the  party  were  received  by 
the  president  of  the  local  antiquarian  society, 
who  made,  on  the  green  slopes  of  the  abbey,  a 
most  charming  address  on  the  traditions  and 
the  facts  about  the  abbey  from  the  times  of 
King  Arthur  down  to  these  modern  days.  From 
the  abbey  the  visitors  passed  through  the  inter- 
esting local  museum,  which  included  some  of 
the  curious  objects  from  the  lake  dwellings, 
discovered  not  long  before,  and  thence  the  car- 
riages were  resumed  for  the  drive  to  Wells, 
across  real  English  country,  a  drive  made  a 
little  more  exciting  by  a  race  with  the  rain, 
which  began  to  pour  as  the  party  gained  the 
hospitable  shelter  of  the  inn  opposite  Wells 
Cathedral. 

After  luncheon  the  second  pilgrimage  of  the 
day  was  made  to  Wells  Cathedral,  where  there 
was  first  an  inspection,  at  the  invitation  of  the 
bishop,  of  the  lovely  grounds  about  his  palace, 
and  afterwards  an  organ  concert  by  the  organ- 
ist of  the  cathedral.  The  downpour  made  the 
drive  back  to  Glastonbury  rather  questionable, 
and  Mr.  Dosse,  the  most  courteous  and  effi- 
cient personal  conductor  placed  by  Mr.  Chivers 
in  charge  of  the  travelling  arrangements, 
enterprisingly  arranged  that  the  special  cars 
should  be  sent  from  Glastonbury  to  Wells 
for  the  convenience  of  the  party.  In  this  com- 
fortable way  the  party  journeyed  on  to  Exeter, 
arriving  at  the  several  inns  where  they  were 
distributed  in  time  again  for  a  10  o'clock  dinner. 

PLYMOUTH. 

The  itinerary  gave  time  at  Exeter  only  for 
an  early  morning  glance  at  the  cathedral,  whose 
doors  were  opened  before  the  usual  time  for  the 
convenience  of  the  visitors,  and  at  10  o'clock  the 
party  started  on  the  hour  and  a  half  journey  to 
Plymouth,  always  to  be  remembered  for  the 
lovely  sweeps  of  English  landscape  seen  again 
and  again  from  the  train.  On  arrival  at  Plym- 
outh the  visitors  found  Mr.  Wright,  the  ener- 
getic and  everywhere  popular  librarian  of  Plym- 
outh, waiting  at  the  station  to  receive  them, 
in  command  of  a  fleet  of  brakes  in  which  they 
were  driven  through  the  streets  of  Plymouth 
en  route  for  the  hotel.  At  noon  the  Mayor  of 
Plymouth,  Justice  Radford,  formally  received 
the  delegates,  who  were  personally  announced 
by  Mr.  Wright  in  the  council  chamber  hall, 
where  a  brief  word  of  welcome  was  spoken  in 
the  presence  of  many  Plymouth  people.  The 
mayor,  in  welcoming  the  visitors,  spoke  of  his 
own  visit  to  the  conference  in  London,  where  he 
was  much  struck  with  the  earnestness  and  in- 
tentness  of  the  members,  and  also  with  the 
alacrity  with  which  they  rose  when  the  time  for 
adjournment  came.  He  mentioned  as  one  of 
the  most  gratifying  things  of  the  year  the  hand- 
ing over  to  the  American  people  of  what  was 
known  as  the  "  Log  of  the  Mayflower"  a  grace- 
ful act  prompted  by  kindly  feelings  which  he 
believed  were  reciprocated  on  the  other  side  of 
the  water.  He  welcomed  them  to  Plymouth, 
the  port  from  which  the  Mayflower  last  set  sail 
for  the  new  land. 

Thence  guests  and  hosts  proceeded  to  the 
great  room  of  the  Corn  Exchange,  which  had 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


been  given  up  for  the  purpose,  for  luncheon 
at  the  personal  hospitality  of  the  mayor. 
After  the  repast,  in  which  Devonshire  clotted 
cream  was  an  interesting  feature,  Mayor 
Radford  called  upon  the  Plymouth  librarian, 
Mr.  Wright,  to  propose  the  toast  of  "  Our 
guests,"  which  he  did  in  a  bright  speech,  sum- 
marizing Plymouth's  history.  Mr.  Dewey,  re- 
sponding for  the  Americans,  said  that,  as 
electric  currents  found  their  way  back  by  the 
earth  to  their  origin,  so  when  people  wandered 
over  the  world  they  turned  instinctively  back 
to  the  old  home.  Sir  William  Windeyer,  for 
the  Colonials,  spoke  of  the  great  and  glorious 
memories  of  English  history,  which  is  as  dear 
to  those  as  in  the  colonies  as  to  the  English 
themselves;  and  Miss  James,  for  the  lady  visi- 
tors, said  that  she  was  glad  to  stand  on  the 
historic  spot  from  which  six  of  her  ancestors 
sailed  in  the  Mayflower.  She  told  of  a  little 
girl,  who  asked  an  elder  whether  she  would 
rather  be  two  little  girls  or  one  old  lady,  and 
said  that  although  she  was  content  to  be  the 
latter,  there  were  times  when  thinking  of  the 
great  opportunities  before  librarians  in  the 
future,  she  almost  wished  to  be  two  little  girls 
growing  up  to  be  librarians  in  the  better  day 
coming.  Mr.  Bowker  gave  the  toast  of  "Our 
hosts,"  coupling  with  it  the  names  of  Mayor 
Radford,  Admiral  Fremantle,  and  Mr.  Varnier 
of  the  reception  committee.  He  spoke  of  the 
links  between  old  Plymouth  and  the  new  coun- 
try, and  of  one  especial  link  between  the  guests 
and  the  old  town.  Librarians  belong  to  a  pro- 
fession which  has  to  do  with  the  building  of 
character;  Plymouth  had  always  exported  char- 
acter and  had  plenty  left,  and  it  was  no  chance 
which  associated  the  great  naval  power  of  Eng- 
land with  this  famous  harbor,  because  what 
Plymouth  and  the  English  navy  stood  for  was 
the  development  of  character.  In  the  great 
house  of  the  mother-country,  somehow  the  visi- 
tors felt  that  Plymouth  was  the  home-room, 
the  room  of  all  others  where  the  mother-spirit 
dwelt,  and  with  that  memory  they  should  keep 
Plymouth  in  their  hearts.  The  mayor,  in  re- 
sponding, emphasized  his  pleasure  in  learning 
the  position  of  women  in  the  library  calling  in 
America;  Admiral  Fremantle  gave  earnest  of 
hospitality  for  the  morrow;  and  Mr.  Varnier 
spoke  pleasantly  for  the  reception  committee. 
Leaving  the  Corn  Exchange,  the  visitors 
walked  through  the  old  streets  of  Plymouth, 
known  to  the  pilgrim  fathers,  gathered  at  the 
Barbican  round  the  Mayflower  memorial  stone, 
and  at  the  corporation  pier  embarked  on  the 
boat  for  the  trip  through  the  harbor  and  the 
enjoyable  visit  to  the  beautiful  grounds  of  Mt. 
Edgecombe.  and  afterward  up  the  Tamar  to 
Cotehele,  also  at  the  invitation  of  the  Earl  of 
Mt.  Edgecombe,  where  that  most  interesting 
Elizabethan  residence  was  shown  by  the  earl's 
caretakers.  Tea  was  served  on  the  run  up  the 
river,  and  water  in  plentiful  showers  on  the  way 
back,  but  nothing  could  dampen  the  spirits  of 
the  excursionists,  and  again  they  curbed  their 
appetites  until  10  o'clock  dinner. 

On   Wednesday,   July    21,    the    party   went 
direct  to  the  quay  and  embarked  on  the  harbor 


steamer  for  the  naval  visit.  Admiral  Sir  E. 
R.  Fremantle  personally  acted  as  host,  and 
with  his  flag  officer  accompanied  the  visitors 
throughout  the  trip.  They  were  received  first 
on  the  training  ship  Defiance,  where  a  most 
interesting  talk  on  torpedo  warfare  was  made 
by  the  senior  officer  in  one  of  the  lecture-rooms, 
and  from  the  deck  of  which  the  visitors  wit- 
nessed first  the  firing  of  a  torpedo  and  after- 
ward the  explosion  of  a  mine  in  the  harbor, 
both  novel  entertainments  being  arranged  es- 
pecially for  their  edification.  The  party  also 
arranged  visited  the  Keyham  Dockyard,  passed 
near  enough  to  the  Devonport  yard  to  get 
a  general  view,  and  were  also  received  on  the 
superb  cruiser  Renown,  where  parties  were 
taken  through  every  part  of  the  ship  under  the 
guidance  of  midshipmite  hosts.  This  unusual 
official  entertainment  was  thoroughly  appre- 
ciated, and  not  the  less  because  there  was  no 
speechmaking  to  express  it. 

On  returning  from  the  Renown,  luncheon  was 
served  at  the  Corn  Exchange,  Alderman  J.  T. 
Greek  Wills,  chairman  of  the  library  committee, 
who  were  the  hosts,  being  in  the  chair.  A  few 
short  speeches  were  made  by  Sir  William  Win- 
deyer, Mr.  Crunden,  Mr.  Dewey,  Mr.  Lane,  and 
Mr.  J.  P.  Lake,  turning  largely  on  the  enor- 
mity of  a  war  between  the  two  branches  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  race.  Mr.  Crunden  ended  by 
proposing  the  health  of  the  borough  librarian, 
Mr.  Wright,  to  whom  the  chairman  had  de- 
clared that  the  success  of  the  visit  was  due. 
Mr.  Crunden  expressed  his  pleasure  at  seeing  a 
man  not  engaged  in  money-making,  and  having 
no  chance  of  coming  to  the  front  as  a  citizen  from 
his  worldly  position,  yet  valued  and  accepted  as 
a  leading  man. on  account  of  his  good  work  and 
his  worth.  Guildhall  was  then  visited,  where 
Mr.  Wright  explained  the  painted  glass  win- 
dows in  the  presence  of  the  designer  and  maker, 
Mr.  J.  T.  Fouracre.  A  visit  to  St.  Andrew's 
Church  completed  the  official  program.  In  the 
evening  the  majority  of  the  party  sought  an 
early  and  much-needed  rest.  A  few  accepted 
the  hospitality  of  the  Casino  on  the  pier  or  of 
the  Royal  theatre,  where  they  saw  with  huge 
delight  the  murder,  abduction,  fight  with  the 
police,  burglary,  chase  over  the  roofs,  and  feats 
of  a  female  Hercules,  sensations  which,  served 
up  in  the  form  of  a  novel,  few  of  the  librarians 
would  have  dared  to  present  to  their  readers. 

BATH. 

It  is  a  long  but  pleasant  ride  from  Plymouth 
to  Bath.  On  the  way  there  are  glimpses  of  the 
red  sandstone  cliffsof  Dawlish,  of  the  edge  of  the 
Lorna  Doone  country,  and  of  the  beautiful  spire 
of  St.  Mary  Radcliffe  at  Bristol.  The  party  was 
received  at  a  luncheon  given  by  the  Mayor  of 
Bath,  but  owing  to  a  death  in  his  family  ex- 
Mayor  Rubie  presided.  Councillor  J.  W. 
Morris  toasted  "The  International  Library  Con- 
gress," and  dilated  upon  literature  as  a  greater 
bond  of  union  than  even  our  common  race  or 
our  common  language.  Mr.  Dewey  spoke  of 
the  importance  attached  to  libraries  in  America, 
the  great  sums  given  them,  and  of  knowledge 
as  enlarging  and  enriching  life.  Mr.  Crunden 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


407 


spoke  of  the  pleasure  which  literary  associa- 
tions give  to  Americans  travelling  in  England, 
to  whom  the  characters  of  Thackeray  and  Dick- 
ens are  as  real  as  personages  in  history.  He 
complimented  Bath  on  its  wealth  of  literary 
associations,  and  touched  upon  the  influence  of 
libraries  in  favor  of  peace  and  good-will.  To 
Mr.  Austin  King's  toast,  "Women  in  library 
and  literary  work,"  Miss  James  replied  briefly, 
and  Miss  Florence  Hayward  at  length.  Miss 
James  was  surprised  to  find  so  few  female  li- 
brarians in  England.  If  a  woman  could  be  the 
best  sovereign  in  the  world  why  could  not  the 
women  of  England  make  the  best  librarians  in 
the  world  ?  Miss  Hayward  was  proud  of  the 
important  position  women  librarians  had  taken. 
It  proved  that  women  had  certain  traits,  the 
possession  of  which  had  often  been  denied 
them  —  capacity  for  detail,  work,  and  logic. 
After  lunch  the  company  visited  the  Roman 
baths,  guided  by  the  city  architect,  Major  C. 
E.  Davis.  At  the  Abbey,  Canon  Quirk  acted  as 
cicerone.  At  seven  the  party  were  driven  to 
places  of  interest  through  the  city. 

The  next  day  the  party  drove  eight  miles  to 
Bradford  in  charge  of  Mr.  Councillor  Morris, 
who  all  the  way  poured  forth  a  stream  of  anti- 
quarian lore  and  good  stories.  Of  the  beauty  of 
the  typical  English  landscape  in  the  varying 
lights  of  a  half-cloudy  day,  it  is  impossible  to 
convey  any  idea.  The  visitors  climbed  to 
Rowas  Lodge,  the  seat  of  Austin  King,  Esq., 
whence,  after  lunch  on  the  lawn,  they  went  to 
Winsley  Hill,  flushing  partridges  and  gather- 
ing wild  flowers  by  the  way.  There  is  a  view 
thence  for  miles  of  the  country  where  King 
Alfred  gained  his  victories  over  the  Danes. 
Mr.  Councillor  Morris,  in  an  eloquent  address, 
told  the  story  of  the  fights,  and  pointed  out  the 
consequences  to  England's  history.  Next  the 
party  came  to  Major  Davis's  quaint  house,  built 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  vn.  At  Bradford  he 
showed  them  the  well-preserved  Saxon  church, 
the  oldest  seen  in  the  whole  journey,  most  in- 
teresting in  its  solid  simplicity,  which  he  had 
discovered  when  built  around  with  stables  and 
storehouses  and  half  buried.  Another  lunch 
was  spread  on  the  lawn  of  The  Hall  (formerly 
Kingston  House),  seat  of  Mr.  Moulton,  a  fine 
Elizabethan  mansion,  rescued  by  the  owner's 
father  from  the  ruin  into  which  its  use  as  a 
weaving-mill  had  brought  it. 


A  hot  railroad  ride,  brought  the  party  on 
Friday,  July  22,  to  Oxford.  Bodley's  libra- 
rian, Mr.  Nicholson,  gave  a  reception  at  the 
Examination  schools,  where,  as  soon  as  the  ice 
was  broken  that  at  first  separated  the  visitors 
from  the  dons  and  their  wives,  a  most  lively  and 
enjoyable  evening  followed.  Of  the  next  day, 
suffice  it  to  say  that  the  visitors  rushed  through 
the  Bodleian,  the  Museum,  and  five  colleges  in 
the  morning,  and  five  colleges  and  the  Cathedral 
in  the  afternoon.  The  treasures  of  the  Bodleian, 
the  gardens  of  Wadham,  the  interesting  talk  of 
Sir  Henry  Acland  at  the  Museum,  the  windows 
of  Balliol,  the  chapel  and  hall  of  New,  the  young 
deer  in  the  park  of  Magdalen,  the  lovely  painted 


windows  in  the  library  of  Merton,  the  paintings 
and  drawings  of  old  masters  in  the  library  of 
Christ  Church,  the  Burne-Jones  windows  in  the 
Cathedral  impressed  themselves  deeply  even 
upon  jaded  minds.  The  welcome  rest  of  Sun- 
day restored  their  powers,  and  Monday  saw  the 
temporary  dispersion  of  the  party. 

AMERICANS  PRESENT  A  T  THE  INTERNA- 
TIONAL CONFERENCE. 

Ahern,    Miss  M.    E.,  Public  Libraries,  Library 
Bureau,  Chicago. 

Ames,    Miss    Harriet    H.,    Hoyt  Library,  East 
Saginaw,  Mich. 

Andrews,   Clement   W.,  librarian  John  Crerar 
Library,  Chicago. 

Barton,   Edmund  M.,  librarian  American  Anti- 
quarian Society,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Barton,  Mrs.  Edmund  M.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Birtwell,   Miss  Mary  L.,  Associated  Charities, 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Biscoe,  Walter  S.,  New  York  State  Library. 

Btscoe,  Miss  Alice  M. 

Biscoe,  Miss  Ellen  D. 

Biscoe,  Miss  Lucy  W. 

*Bowker,  R.  R.,  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  New  York. 

Brinkerhoff,  Adelaide,  Mansfield,  O. 

Brown,  Dr.  Francis  H.,  Boston. 

Brown,  Mrs.  Francis  H.,  Boston. 

Brown,  Miss  Edith,  Boston. 

Browne,   Miss  Nina  E.,  Publishing  Section  A. 
L.  A.,  Boston. 

Chase,    Frederick    A.,    City  Library,   Lowell, 
Mass. 

Clark,  Miss  Elizabeth  R.,   University  of  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 

Cole,    George  W.,  late    librarian    Jersey   City 
Public  Library. 

Conant,  Miss  Marjory,  Boston. 

*Crunden,  Frederick  M.,  librarian  Public  Libra- 
ry, St.  Louis. 

Crunden,  Frank  D.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Curran,  Mrs.  M.   H.,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Bangor,  Me. 

*Cutter,   Charles  Ammi,  librarian  Forbes   Li- 
brary, Northampton,  Mass. 

Davis,   Miss  Mary  L.,  Pratt  Institute  Library, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

De  Vinne,  Theodore  L.,  New  York. 

*Dewey,  Melvil,  director  New  York  State  Li- 
brary; delegated  by  the  U.  S.  Government. 

Dunn,  Mrs.  W.  T.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Eakins,  William  George,  librarian  Law  Society 
of  Upper  Canada,  Toronto. 

Field,  Mrs.  Fanny,  Avondale,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Fowler,  Miss  Mary,  Cornell  University  Library. 

Francis,  Miss  Mary,  Hartford,  Ct. 

Gliddon,  de  Putron,  Public'Library,  Butte,  Mont. 

*Gould,  C.  H.,  librarian  McGill  University  Li- 
brary, Montreal. 

Green,  Miss  Margaret,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Hawley,  Miss  M.  E.,  New  York  State  Library. 

Hewins,  Miss  Caroline  M.,  librarian  Public  Li- 
brary, Hartford,  Ct. 

Hill.  Frank   P.,  librarian  Public  Library,  New- 
ark, N.  J. 

Hill,  Mrs.  Frank  P.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Hills,  W.  J.,  Public  Library,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

*  indicates  vice-presidents  of  the  conference. 


408 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  '97 


Hull,  Miss  Fanny,  librarian  Union  for  Christian 
Work,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hutchinson,  Charles  H.,  Athenaeum,  Philadel- 
phia. 

*James,  Miss  Hannah  P.,  librarian  Osterhout 
Free  Library,  Wilkes  Barre,  Pa. 

Jenks,  Henry  A.,  Canton,  Mass. 

Jenks,  Rev.  Henry  S.,  trustee  Public  Library, 
Canton,  Mass. 

*Jones,  Gardner  M.,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Salem,  Mass. 

Jones,  Mrs.  Gardner  M.,  Salem,  Mass. 

Jones,  Mary  L.,  University  of  Illinois. 

Keating,  Miss  Geraldine,  Rockville,  Ct. 

Lane, Boston. 

Lane,  Mrs.  Lucius  P.,  Boston. 

*Lane,  W.  Coolidge,  librarian  Athenaeum,  Bos- 
ton. 

*Langton,  H.  H.,  librarian  University  of  To- 
ronto. 

Le  Crone,  Miss  Anna  L.,  librarian  Public  Li- 
brary, Champaign,  111. 

Lee,  Miss  Venie  J.,  University  of  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

McCrory,  Miss  Harriette  L.,  librarian  State 
Normal  School,  Millersville,  Pa. 

Mann,  Miss  Frances  M.,  librarian  Public  Li- 
brary, Dedham,  Mass. 

Monfort,  E.  M.,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Marietta,  O. 

Nolan,  Edward  J.,  M.D.,  librarian  Academy  of 
Natural  sciences,  Philadelphia. 

Noyes,  James,  Athens,  N.  Y. 

Noyes,  Mrs.  Penelope,  Athens,  N.  Y. 

Phillips,  Miss  Mary  E.,  librarian  Public  Libra- 
ry, Oneonta,  N.  Y. 

*Putnam,  Herbert,  librarian  Public  Library, 
Boston;  delegated  by  the  U.  S.  Government. 

Robertson,  J.  P.,  librarian  Manitoba  Legisla- 
tive Library,  Winnipeg. 

Robinson,  Christopher,  Toronto. 

Sharp,  Miss  Katherine  L.,  Armour  Institute, 
Chicago. 

Shaw,  Miss  Sybil,  Woburn,  Mass. 

Sheldon,  Miss  Helen  G.,  Drexel  Institute, 
Philadelphia. 

Southworth,  Mrs.  Myra  F.,  librarian  Public 
Library,  Brockton,  Mass. 

Speck,  Miss  Celeste,  Public  Library,  St.  Louis, 
Mo. 

Sperry,  Miss  Ethel  M.,  Waterbury,  Ct. 

Sperry,  Miss  Helen,  librarian  Carnegie  Libra- 
ry, Braddock,  Pa. 

Stechert,  Gustav  E.,  New  York. 

Steiner,  Dr.  Bernard  C.,  librarian  Enoch  Pratt 
Free  Library,  Baltimore. 

Stevenson,  W.  M.,  librarian  Carnegie  Free 
Library,  Allegheny,  Pa. 

Thompson,  Leonard,  trustee  Corporation  Libra- 
ry, Woburn,  Mass. 

Thorburn,  John,  librarian  Geological  Survey  of 
Canada,  Ottawa. 

Thurston,  Miss  Elizabeth  P.,  librarian  Free 
Library,  Newton,  Mass. 

Tredway,  Miss  Mary,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Utley,  H.  M.,  librarian  Public  Library,  De- 
troit, Mich. 

Utley,  Mrs.  H.  M.,  Detroit,  Mich. 


*  indicates  vice-presidents  of  the  conference. 


Van  Vliet,  Miss  Jessie,  Armour  Institute,  Chi- 
cago. 

Walker,  Miss  Harriet  A.,  Wellesley  College, 
Wellesley,  Mass. 

Wheeler,  Miss  Anna,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Wheeler,  Miss  Martha  T.,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary. 

Whitney,  James  Lyman,  Public  Library,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Whitney,  Miss  Margaret  Dwight,  Pratt  Insti- 
tute Library  School,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wildman,  Miss  Gertrude,  Athenaeum,   Boston. 

Wildman,  Miss  Linda,  Boston. 

Winship,  George  Parker,  librarian  John  Car- 
ter Brown  Library,  Providence,  R.  I. 

*Winsor,  Justin,  librarian  Harvard  University 
Library;  delegated  by  the  U.  S.  government. 

Winsor,  Mrs.  Justin,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Wright,  Miss  C.  D.,  Canton,  Mass. 

State  Cibrarg  <E0mmi0siem«. 

CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

NEW  YORK  :  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES  DIVISION,  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 

secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 
VERMONT  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  .  Miss  M.  L. 

Titcomb,  secretary,  Free  Library,  Rutland. 
WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  F.  A.  Hutchins, 

secretary,  Madison,  Wis. 

THE  Wisconsin  commission  is  arranging  for 
section  meetings  throughout  the  state,  with  spe- 
cial reference  to  the  travelling  library  move- 
ment. One  has  been  planned  for  Oct.  1-2,  at 
Grand  Rapids,  and  others  will  be  held  as  fol- 
lows: Oct.  22-23,  Menomonie  ;  Nov.  12-13, 
Eau  Claire;  Dec.  10-12,  Ashland.  Others  will 
be  arranged  for  later  in  the  year.  Many  of  the 
Wisconsin  libraries  are  in  need  of  new  build- 
ings, and  the  officers  of  the  commission  have 
arranged  for  illustrated  lectures  on  library 
buildings  in  small  towns,  to  be  delivered  in  these 
places,  with  stereopticon  views  of  interiors  and 
exteriors  of  libraries.  Another  lecture  for 
which  plans  are  now  being  made  is  devoted  to 
travelling  libraries.  This  will  be  illustrated  with 
views  of  the  stations  and  small  settlements 
where  the  libraries  have  been  so  much  appre- 
ciated, and  will  be  delivered  in  the  largest  cities 
of  the  state,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  gifts 
of  magazines  and  books  to  send  to  the  lumber 
towns  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state. 

The  commission  has  issued  a  revised  edition 
of  its  excellent  handbook,  brought  closely  up  to 
date,  and  full  of  practical  and  compact  informa- 
tion and  advice  for  the  libraries  of  the  state,  and 
of  almost  equal  usefulness  to  small  libraries 
elsewhere.  Its  several  appendixes,  giving  short 
lists  of  aids  in  library  economy,  aids  in  select- 
ing books,  etc.,  are  especially  excellent. 


August,  '97] 


7 HE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


409 


£ibrarn  Cconomn  anb  tjistorn. 


GENERAL. 

THE  PUBLIC  AND  ITS  PUBLIC  LIBRARY.  In  the 
Popular  Science  Monthly  for  June  Mr.  J.  C. 
Dana  has  an  article  on  "  The  public  and  its 
public  library"  that  should  be  read  by  all  who 
have  to  do  with  libraries.  In  several  respects 
it  takes  up  the  lines  of  his  address  made  at  the 
Cleveland  conference  as  president  of  the  A.  L. 
A.,  being  based  upon  the  premise  that  the  li- 
brary, supported  by  the  public  on  compulsion, 
must  be  first,  last,  and  always  an  instrument  of 
public  good  if  its  existence  is  to  be  justified. 
The  keynote  is  struck  in  this  sentence: 

"The  public  owns  its  public  library.  This 
fact  sheds  much  light  on  the  question  of  library 
management.  It  means  that  the  public  library 
must  be  fitted  to  public  needs.  It  must  suit  its 
community.  It  must  do  the  maximum  of  work 
at  the  minimum  of  expense.  It  must  be  an 
economical  educational  machine.  It  must  give 
pleasure,  for  only  where  pleasure  is  is  any 
profit  taken.  It  must  change  in  its  manner  of 
administration  with  the  new  time,  the  new  re- 
lations of  books  to  men  and  of  men  to  books. 
It  need  not  altogether  forget  the  bookworm  or 
the  belated  historian,  and  it  can  take  note  here 
and  there  of  the  lover  of  the  dodo  and  the 
freaks  among  printed  things.  But  its  prime 
purpose  is  to  place  the  right  books  in  the  proper 
hands,  to  get  the  more  joyful  and  wise  thoughts 
into  the  minds  of  the  owners.  The  means  of  its 
support  are  taken  by  force  from  the  pockets  of 
the  competent  and  provident ;  this  fact  should 
never  be  lost  sight  of.  It  lives,  in  a  measure, 
by  the  sword.  It  can  justify  itself  in  this  man- 
ner of  securing  its  support  only  by  putting  into 
practice  the  familiar  theory  that  the  state, 
would  it  insure  its  own  continuance,  must  see 
that  all  its  citizens  have  access  to  the  stores,  in 
books,  of  knowledge  and  wisdom.  It  must  be 
open  to  its  public;  it  must  invite  its  public  —  all 
to  the  end  that  it  may  educate  its  public." 

Free  access  to  the  books,  as  the  first  great 
requisite  in  making  a  public  library  really  a 
library  for  the  public;  a  library  building  that 
shall  permit  this  access  in  all  departments, 
and  the  greatest  possible  freedom  in  all  details 
of  library  use,  are  the  main  heads  of  Mr. 
Dana's  argument,  which  is  presented  with  all 
his  characteristic  terseness,  lucidity,  and  force. 

LOCAL. 

Alameda  (Cal.)  P.  L.  (i8th  rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing May  31,  '97.)  Added  1661  ;  total  22,077. 
Issued,  home  use  123,274  (fict.  65,510)  ;  teach- 
ers' and  class  use  2700.  Receipts  $10,187.45  ; 
expenses  $8553.95. 

At  this  year's  (1897)  commencement  exer- 
cises of  the  public  schools,  medals  were  offered 
for  the  best  compositions  by  a  boy  and  girl  on 
"The  library  as  an  adjunct  of  the  public 
schools."  The  prizes  were  awarded  June  7, 
and  the  compositions  were  printed  in  one  of 
the  local  dailies.  Mr.  Harbourne  writes:  "Rec- 
ognizing the  fact  that  these  essays  were  writ- 


ten by  children  not  over  14  years  of  age,  it 
strikes  me  that  they  are  beginning  early  to 
have  a  proper  conception  of  the  uses  of  the 
public  library." 

Augusta,  Ga.  Y.  M.  L.  A.  At  a  meeting  of 
the  directors  held  July  8,  it  was  decided  to  es- 
tablish, as  soon  as  possible,  a  children's  de- 
partment. 

Berkeley  (Cal.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.)  Added  560  ; 
total  5236.  Issued,  home  use  24,031  (fict.  74  %); 
attendance  at  lib.  90,075.  Expenses  $3987.16. 

Boston  P.  L.  (45th  rpt.  —  year  ending  Jan. 
31,  '97.)  The  reports  of  individual  libraries 
are  often  the  most  valuable  contributions  to 
the  general  literature  of  library  economy.  This 
fact  finds  ample  proof  each  year,  and  it  is  now 
emphasized  again  by  the  appearance  of  the  re- 
port of  the  Boston  Public  Library  for  1896. 
Any  summary  of  this  report  within  necessary 
limits  must  be  inadequate,  and  it  should  be 
read  as  a  whole  by  librarians,  who  will  find  it 
one  of  the  most  suggestive  and  interesting  of 
recent  library  documents.  As  usual,  it  is  a 
detailed  record,  including  the  preliminary  sum- 
mary by  the  trustees,  the  full  report  of  Mr. 
Putnam,  and  the  suggestive  report  of  the  ex- 
amining committee,  with  appendixes  covering 
elaborate  statistics  of  contents,  circulation  and 
use  of  the  library  and  its  branches. 

The  statistics  maybe  summarized  as  follows: 
Added  33,468  ;  total  663,763,  of  which  488,227 
are  in  the  central  library.  Issued,  home  use 
1,005,019,  of  which  678, 765  were  issued  through 
the  14  branches,  12  delivery  stations,  and 
13  engine-houses,  the  latter  receiving  monthly 
deposits  of  25  v.  each.  8047  v.  were  issued 
on  teachers'  cards.  Cards  in  use  45,606, 
as  against  34,842  on  Feb.  r,  1896.  The 
percentage  of  cardholders  to  population  is 
.0917.  Receipts  $272,842.87  ;  expenses  $243,- 
366.81,  the  balance  of  $29,476.08  being  "large- 
ly income  from  trust  funds,  restricted  to  the 
purchase  of  books,  and  not  to  be  used  for  other 
purposes."  The  total  expenditures  for  books 
and  periodicals  was  $40,430.23,  and  the  in- 
crease in  general  expenditures  over  the  preced- 
ing year  was  $22,917.28. 

Considerable  space  is  given  to  the  work  of 
the  branches  and  delivery  stations,  which  has 
been  largely  extended  by  the  more  general  use 
of  the  "deposit"  system,  by  which  deposits  of 
about  300  v.  are  sent  to  each  station,  placed  on 
open  shelves  and  circulated  directly  from  the 
station.  The  circulation  for  home  use  shows 
a  gain  of  18  %  over  the  previous  year,  much  of 
this  being  the  direct  effect  of  the  branches  and 
stations.  In  discussing  this  branch  use,  Mr. 
Putnam  points  out  that  the  present  method,  by 
which  custodians  of  stations  are  paid  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  books  circulated, 
makes  it  to  the  interest  of  the  custodian  to  en- 
courage the  reading  of  light  literature  and  thus 
interferes  with  the  main  purpose  of  the  deposit 
system  —  the  raising  of  the  character  of  read- 
ing by  making  books  of  serious  importance 
directly  accessible.  He  suggests  that  a  solu- 
tion of  the  difficulty  might  be  to  pay  custodians 


410 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


one  rate  of  compensation  for  fiction  and  a  higher 
rate  for  other  literature. 

The  loss  of  books  during  the  year  deserves 
consideration.  From  the  Bates  Hall  reference 
shelves  but  38  v.  have  been  missed  out  of  over 
7000  freely  accessible,  and  those  lost  are  of 
"relatively  insignificant  value."  Of  the  90,000 
accessible  v.  on  the  special  libraries  floor,  77 
were  unaccounted  for ;  of  the  5000  v.  in  the 
patent  library,  none  were  missing  ;  but  those 
lost  from  thechiJdren's-room  numbered  several 
hundred,  and  249  v.  have  been  missed  from 
the  branches  since  the  introduction  of  open 
shelves,  while  the  arrest  of  one  adult  book- 
thief  with  27  v.  in  his  possession,  and  of  six 
juvenile  thieves  with  21  books  in  their  posses- 
sion, shows  that  a  percentage  of  the  missing 
books  must  be  set  down  as  stolen.  Mr.  Put- 
nam says:  "  Of  course,  the  books  stolen  are  of 
a  class  easily  replaced  at  no  great  cost,  but  the 
total  of  loss  is  large  enough,  I  fear,  to  be 
quoted  to  the  discredit  of  open  shelves.  I  am 
entirely  unwilling  to  admit  that  it  touches  the 
principle  of  open  shelves." 

During  the  year  63  books  were  loaned  to 
other  libraries  in  the  state  upon  special  appli- 
cation, a  system  of  blanks  for  conducting  inter- 
library  loans  having  been  devised  in  May.  In 
the  central  library  50,794  v.  were  cataloged. 
8145  v.  and  3416  pamphlets  were  bound  in  the 
library  bindery,  exclusive  of  repairing  and 
miscellaneous  work. 

The  report  of  the  examining  committee  is  of 
special  interest,  in  its  practical  suggestions  re- 
garding the  children's-room,  the  branches,  and 
the  delivery-room.  The  lack  of  space  already 
apparent  at  Bates  Hall  makes  some  more  ade- 
quate reading-room  provision  necessary,  and 
the  committee  recommend  the  use  of  the  space 
now  devoted  to  the  courtyard  for  this  purpose. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  At  a  meeting  of  the 
directors  held  July  21,  it  was  announced  that 
the  board  of  estimate  had  appropriated  $5000 
for  the  immediate  use  of  the  library.  The  com- 
mittee on  sites  was  authorized  to  select  a  build- 
ing for  temporary  headquarters  and  to  serve  as 
a  public  library  and  reading-room  for  the  im- 
mediate future. 

Burlington  (fa.)  F.  P.  L.  (nth  rpt. — year 
ending  May  31,  '97.)  Added  730  ;  total  16,087. 
Issued,  home  use  53,166  (fict.  31,073);  esti- 
mated attendance  in  reading-room  15,440. 
New  registration  598  ;  total  cardholders  3408. 

The  new  building  is  rapidly  nearing  comple- 
tion. 

Council  Bluff's  (la.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  — year  ending 
June  30,  '97.)  Added  546  ;  total  20,789.  Is- 
sued 81,092  ;  visitors  to  lib.  104,765.  Receipts 
$6460.43  ;  expenses  $4754-33. 

Edge-wood  (R.  /.)  F.  P.  L.  A.  The  associa- 
tion have  accepted  plans  for  a  new  library 
building,  on  which  work  will  shortly  begin.  It 
is  to  be  a  one-story  building,  25x40  feet,  of 
wood  and  rough  exterior  plastering,  and  will 
cost  about  $1200.  The  library  association  was 
formed  about  two  years  ago,  and  has  been  most 
successful  in  its  work. 


Eldora  (fa.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending  June 
30,  '97.)  Added  90;  total  2000.  Issued  4904; 
visitors  to  lib.  9171.  Receipts  $533.83  ;  ex- 
penses $533.58. 

Ilion  (N.  Y.)  F.  P.  L.  (4th  rpt.  — year  end- 
ing May  i,  '97)  Added  482;  total  9170.  Is- 
sued, home  use  41, 886  (fict.  19,680,  juv.  11,473). 
New  registration  568;  total  registration  2329; 
teachers  taking  extra  cards  20.  Receipts 
$2279.94;  expenses  $2178. 

"  The  wisdom  of  the  policy  adopted  at  the 
outset  admitting  children  of  all  ages  to  the  en- 
joyment of  the  books  is  apparent.  No  statis- 
tics of  the  use  of  the  reference  department 
have  been  kept  until  the  last  three  months. 
The  number  registered  during  this  time  has 
been  at  the  rate  of  650  per  month."  Since  the 
last  report  a  complete  catalog  —  author,  title, 
and  subject  —  has  been  finished  and  installed. 

Iowa  State  Univ.  Z.,  Iowa  City.  The  legisla- 
ture on  July  i  refused  to  levy  a  special  tax  for 
a  new  library  building  to  replace  that  recently 
destroyed  by  fire.  The  proposition  was  over- 
whelmingly defeated.  The  university  regents 
declined  to  accept  any  other  provision,  prefer- 
ring to  renew  the  campaign  at  the  next  ses- 
sion, and  the  matter  was  dropped  for  the  pres- 
ent. 

Kankakee  (III.)  P.  L.  The  Ladies'  Library 
Association  on  July  6  agreed  to  transfer  a  be- 
quest of  $5000,  left  them  some  years  ago  by 
George  V.  Heuling,  to  the  public  library  as  an 
addition  to  the  building  fund;  they  will  also 
make  over  to  the  library  the  10,000  v.  owned 
by  their  organization.  This  will  be  increased 
by  $10,000  appropriated  by  the  city  and  private 
gifts.  The  movement  for  a  library  building  is 
hardly  a  month  old.  It  was  started  June  16, 
when  Frederick  Swannell  gave  to  the  city  a 
$5000  lot  near  the  city  hall,  to  be  the  site  of  a 
library  building,  and  it  has  been  pushed  with 
such  vigor  that  it  is  thought  that  the  $20,000 
building  planned  will  be  completed  within  a 
few  months.  The  plans  have  already  been  se- 
cured. The  library  itself  was  started  a  little 
over  a  year  ago,  and  has  had  general  public 
appreciation. 

Manchester,  Vt.  Mark  Skinner  L.  The  libra- 
ry, which  was  dedicated  on  July  7,  is  a  gift  to 
Manchester  from  Mrs.  Henry  Willing,  of  Chi- 
cago, in  memory  of  her  father.  Its  estimated 
cost  is  $50,000.  The  building  is  of  pressed 
brick,  with  stone  trimmings  and  a  tiled  roof. 
Its  interior  fitting  and  finishing  are  rich  and 
tasteful,  and  it  starts  work  with  10,000  v. 
Among  the  books  are  a  large  number  of  vol- 
umes from  Judge  Skinner's  fine  private  library, 
and  an  original  set  of  Kingsborough's  "  Mexi- 
can antiquities."  A  feature  of  the  library  will 
be  the  collection  and  preservation  of  books  and 
documents  relating  to  the  early  history  of 
Manchester  and  surrounding  towns,  also  of 
Vermont  and  New  England.  Arrangements 
will  also  be  made  for  branches  or  stations  in 
the  outlying  districts. 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


411 


Matunuck,  R.  I.  Hale  Memorial  L.  The 
Robert  Beverly  Hale  Memorial  Library  build- 
ing was  dedicated  on  June  26,  the  chief  address 
being  made  by  Dr.  Edward  Everett  Hale.  The 
building,  which  according  to  the  memorial  in- 
scription was  built  "  by  the  friends  of  Robert 
Beverly  Hale,"  is  a  one-story  structure,  of 
wood,  with  a  stone  foundation.  A  short  flight 
of  steps  leads  to  a  square  piazza,  whose  sloping 
roof  is  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the  sloping 
roof  of  the  building.  Curved  seats  are  fitted 
to  the  sides  of  the  piazza,  which  is  finished  in 
hard  wood,  the  seats,  door,  and  some  parts 
being  painted  a  dark  green.  The  massive  door 
at  the  entrance  has  a  large  window  in  the  up- 
per half.  Small  single  panes,  set  one  above 
another,  form  side  lights  for  the  hall,  which  is 
five  by  eight  feet  in  size.  A  coat-room  at  the 
right  and  store-room  at  the  left  open  from  the 
hall,  and  are  lighted  by  windows  from  the 
front.  Directly  opposite  the  main  entrance 
double  doors  lead  into  the  library,  which  is  22 
feet  square.  Opposite  the  doors  is  an  open 
fireplace  fitted  with  brass  and  irons.  The 
woodwork  is  highly  polished  oak,  and  there 
is  a  stationary  seat  against  the  wall  on  each 
side  of  the  fireplace.  The  walls  are  terra-cotta, 
the  ceiling  is  buff  with  a  pink  tone,  divided  into 
large  panelsby  the  polished  oak  beams.  Shelves 
run  around  the  entire  room,  broken  only  by 
chimney,  doors,  and  a  bay  window  on  the  west, 
built  of  Milford  granite  and  fitted  with  windows 
composed  of  diamond-shaped  panes  set  in  lead. 
On  the  east  side,  directly  opposite,  is  a  broad 
window,  also  of  diamond-shaped  panes,  above 
the  book-shelves.  About  2Ooobooks,  presented 
by  friends,  are  now  in  the  library. 

New  York  F.  C.  L.  for  the  Blind.  (2d  rpt.  — 
March,  1897.)  "The  advancement  made  dur- 
ing the  past  year  is  most  gratifying.  From 
the  small  beginning  of  a  library  containing  but 
60  v.  we  have  between  400  and  500  v.  In  ad- 
dition the  association  has  purchased  selections 
of  music  for  the  organ,  piano,  guitar,  and  vio- 
lin, arranged  for  the  use  of  the  blind.  The  li- 
brary was  formally  opened  Nov.  9,  1896.  The 
books  have  been  eagerly  sought,  and  the  de- 
mand for  them  is  increasing.  200  v.  have  been 
purchased  and  246  have  been  donated.  The 
association  has  been  duly  registered  by  the 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York."  The 
library  occupies  a  room  in  the  parish  house  of 
St.  Agnes'  Church,  121  W.  gist  street.  It  is 
open  on  Mondays  and  Thursdays  from  2.30  to 
4.30  p.m. 

New  York.  Harlem  L.  On  July  20  the  trus- 
tees decided  that  on  and  after  September  i  the 
library  shall  be  conducted  as  a  free  circulating 
library.  It  was  established  in  1825,  and  has 
heretofore  charged  an  annual  membership  fee 
of  $2. 

New  York  P.  L.  —  Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
foundations.  The  collection  of  pamphlets  and 
reports,  on  a  very  broad  scale,  is  planned  by 
Dr.  Billings,  who  has  recently  issued  a  circu- 
lar, expressingthe  desire  of  the  library  "  to  ob- 
tain, maintain,  and  preserve  for  the  benefit  of 


the  public  as  complete  a  collection  as  possible 
of  all  reports  and  pamphlets  relating  to  associa- 
tions of  men  and  women  for  any  purpose,  and 
especially  of  all  those  relating  to  such  associa- 
tions in  the  city  and  state  of  New  York  and  in 
the  United  States."  It  is  explained  that  this 
will  include  state  and  municipal  documents ;  and 
also,  plans  of  organization,  charters,  constitu- 
tions, by-laws  and  regulations,  lists  of  mem- 
bers and  reports,  of  corporations,  institutions, 
and  organizations  of  all  kinds,  as,  for  example, 
of  "artassociations,  athletic  associations,  banks, 
guarantee  safe  deposit  and  trust  companies, 
boards  of  trade  and  chambers  of  commerce, 
building  associations,  cemeteries  and  cremator- 
ies, educational  institutions,  colleges,  libraries, 
schools,  universites,  gas  and  electric  lighting 
companies,  genealogical  associations, insurance 
companies,  labor  organizations,  mining  com- 
panies, charitable  organizations  and  institu- 
tions, churches  and  religious  associations  and 
organizations,  clubs,  commercial  and  manufact- 
uring associations,  municipal  reform  associa- 
tions, mutual  aid  associations,  professional 
associations,  railroads,  scientific  and  literary 
associations,  secret  societies,  and  waterworks. 
"  All  documents  published  by  or  relating  to 
such  associations,  including  addresses  and 
pamphlets  of  all  kinds,  will  be  gladly  received 
and  carefully  preserved.  Documents  printed 
solely  for  the  information  of  members  of  asso- 
ciations, and  marked  '  Confidential,'  will  be 
filed  and  preserved,  but  not  made  accessible  to 
the  public  until  the  need  for  secrecy  has 
passed  away.  It  is  earnestly  requested  that 
the  secretaries  of  all  such  associations  will 
place  the  address  of  this  library  upon  their 
mailing  lists." 

New  York  State  L.  (7?th  rpt.  —  year  ending 
Sept.  30,  1894.)  The  1894  report  of  the  New 
York  State  Library,  dated  Jan.  2,  1895,  has 
recently  appeared  in  official  form  as  a  massive 
volume  of  over  1000  pages.  The  report  proper, 
covering  64  pages,  naturally  gives  data  that  has 
previously  appeared  in  the  L.  J.,  six  pages  be- 
ing devoted  to  an  account  of  the  A.  L.  A.  con- 
ferences of  1893  and  1894,  of  the  Publishing 
Section,  and  of  the  Association  of  State  Libra- 
rians. This  is  followed  by  "  Statistics  of  New 
York  libraries  for  1894"  (L.  j.  20  :  324),  Legis- 
lation bulletin,  nos.  4  and  5,  giving  summaries 
of  legislation  in  1893  and  1894  (L.  j.  20:223), 
subject  index  of  law  additions  (L.  j.  20 :  327), 
and  the  catalog  of  additions  to  the  library  from 
1890-1894  noted,  in  its  separate  form,  else- 
where in  this  issue. 

In  the  secretary's  report  on  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York  for  the  year  ending 
Sept.  30,  1895,  just  issued  as  Regents'  bulletin 
no.  35,  later  information  concerning  the  library 
is  given.  The  growth  for  the  year  is  stated  as 
14,328,  giving  a  total,  exclusive  of  travelling  and 
extension  libraries,  of  190,426;  the  grand  total, 
including  126,638  duplicates,  is  337, 929.  "  The 
recall  of  borrowers'  outstanding  permits  and 
the  reissue  of  permits  only  to  those  who  had 
some  special  claim  on  the  library,  or  who  could 
give  conclusive  reason  why  they  should  have 


4I2 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{August,  '97 


privileges  not  accorded  to  the  general  public, 
resulted  in  the  circulation  of  a  slightly  smaller 
number  of  volumes  than  during  the  preceding 
year.  It  is  believed  that  a  limited  circulation 
makes  the  library  more  useful  to  a  greater 
number  than  a  close  restriction  of  the  books  to 
reference  use,  but  as  the  library  is  primarily 
for  reference,  it  requires  constant  care  to  keep 
a  just  balance  between  the  rights  of  the  two 
classes  of  readers." 

Ogden  (Utah}  P.  L.  A.  On  the  evening  of 
July  10  the  association  held  a  public  reception 
in  its  new  quarters.  It  was  largely  attended, 
and  a  short  address  on  the  history  of  the  libra- 
ry was  made  by  Hon.  David  Evans.  The 
opening  of  the  library  under  the  new  conditions 
marks  a  notable  advance  in  its  fortunes.  The 
rooms  now  occupied  were  formerly  used  as  a 
fire  station,  and  are  on  the  first  floor  of  the  city 
hall,  in  which  the  library  has  been  located 
since  it  was  opened  five  years  ago.  The  rooms 
were  enlarged  and  fitted  up  by  the  city  council, 
and  the  association  spent  about  $175  on  new 
shelving,  chairs,  and  tables,  besides  receiving 
many  gifts  of  books  and  money.  It  is  hoped 
that  the  help  of  the  city  council  thus  secured 
will  soon  result  in  a  municipal  appropriation 
for  the  support  of  the  library.  The  recent  ac- 
tion to  this  effect  taken  by  the  Salt  Lake  City 
council  is  most  encouraging  to  those  interested 
in  the  Ogden  library. 

Ohio  State  L.,  Columbus.  It  has  been  pro- 
posed to  remove  the  library  from  the  capitol 
building  to  the  state  university,  and  the  sug- 
gestion will  be  submitted  to  the  next  legislature. 
The  change  is  urged  on  the  ground  that  it  will 
give  the  library  needed  room  and  will  relieve 
the  present  overcrowding  at  the  state  house. 

Philadelphia  F.  L.  of  Economics.  A  Free 
Library  of  Economics  and  Political  Science 
w^s  opened  in  June  at  1315  Filbert  street. 
The  intentions  of  the  founders  are  briefly 
stated  as  (i)  to  form  a  free  library  complete 
in  its  collection  of  books,  pamphlets,  and 
periodicals  relating  to  economics  and  polit- 
ical science  ;  (2)  to  arrange  for  classes  and 
courses  of  lectures  to  be  conducted  by  some  of 
the  existing  societies  in  Philadelphia,  or  inde- 
pendently as  may  seem  better  in  each  case;  (3) 
to  supply  foreign  as  well  as  local  requests  for 
literature  by  direct  sale  or  by  forwarding  to 
publishers.  This  part  of  the  work  will  be  of 
special  value  in  the  case  of  reports  of  societies 
and  pamphlet  literature  published  in  other 
countries  than  the  United  States  ;  and  (4)  to 
develop  the  scope  of  the  library  through  corre- 
spondence, and  to  extend  the  loan  of  literature 
beyond  Philadelphia  as  the  financial  conditions 
warrant. 

The  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia  and  the 
American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social 
Science  have  already  co-operated  largely  in 
the  work,  and  other  kindred  societies  are  ex- 
pected to  give  a  helping  hand.  The  library 
will  be  open  on  Sundays  and  in  the  evening. 
Miss  Helen  Marot  is  librarian. 


Port  Huron  (Mich.)  P.  L.  (2d  rpt.)  Added 
2107;  total  4349.  Issued  31,588;  no.  borrow- 
ers, 1750.  The  report  covers  but  10  months,  to 
May  i,  for  the  library  was  not  opened  in  its 
new  quarters  to  the  public  until  July,  1896, 
when  it  started  work  with  municipal  support. 
The  growth  in  the  use  of  the  library  under  its 
improved  conditions  has  been  most  gratify- 
ing. 

Quincy  (III.)  P.  L.  The  librarian's  report 
for  the  year  ending  May  31  gives  the  following 
facts.  Added  4371;  total  23,183.  Issued,  home 
use  79,098  (fict.  42,165);  ref.  use  5093;  Sunday 
use  1344;  issued  on  teachers'  cards  549.  Visi- 
tors to  reading-room  62,117.  New  registration 
882;  total  cardholders  5104. 

Redlands  (Cal.)  P.  L.  (Rpt. — year  ending 
July  i, '97.)  Added  1053 ;  total  4043.  Issued, 
home  use  23,776  (fict.  12,373,  juv.  fict.  3399). 
Attendance  in  reading-room  17,402.  New  reg- 
istration 376;  total  registration  1439. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.  Several  interesting  de- 
velopments of  the  library's  work  have  been 
planned  for  the  fall.  One  of  the  most  impor- 
tant is  the  establishment  of  a  special  school 
collection  of  books  for  little  children.  In  ar- 
ranging for  this,  Mr.  Crunden  has  sent  out  a 
circular  to  all  public  school  teachers,  in  which 
he  says:  "With  a  view  to  supplying  the 
means  for  arousing  and  satisfying  the  curiosity 
of  little  ones  beginning  to  read,  it  is  proposed 
to  send  to  every  school  in  the  city  a  sample  lot 
of  Mother  Goose  rhymes  and  fairy  stories  for 
examination  by  principals  and  teachers  in  the 
lower  grades.  Those  who  first  receive  the 
books  will  kindly  return  them  as  soon  as  possi- 
ble, in  order  that  they  may  be  sent  to  other 
schools.  When  sending  back  the  books  princi- 
pals are  requested  to  indicate  — 

"  i.  Whether  they  would  like  to  have  books 
of  the  kind  submitted  for  use  in  their  lower 
grades. 

"2.  Which  of  the  books  they  prefer,  or  if 
they  approve  equally  of  all. 

"  3.  Whether  they  would  prefer  assorted 
lots  —  two  or  three  copies  each  of  10  or  15  dif- 
ferent books,  or  sets  of,  say,  30  copies  of  the 
same  book,  to  be  changed  from  time  to  time. 

"The  latter  plan  would,  I  think,  intensify 
the  interest  and  would,  perhaps,  make  class 
exercises  more  practicable.  The  method  of 
using  the  books,  however,  would,  of  course, 
be  left  entirely  to  the  teachers.  If  they  think 
it  advisable  the  children  might  take  the  books 
home." 

It  is  hoped  to  have  the  system,  if  approved, 
in  working  order  by  October. 

It  is  also  proposed  to  establish  delivery  sta- 
tions in  the  power-houses  of  the  various  city 
street-car  lines.  These  stations  will  be  in 
charge  of  one  of  the  employes  of  the  company, 
and  two  deliveries  a  week  will  be  made  from 
the  main  library.  As  the  companies  will  fur- 
nish the  rooms  and  pay  the  men  in  charge,  the 
plan  entails  but  a  trifling  expense  to  the  libra- 
ry, and  will,  it  is  thought,  bring  the  influence 
of  the  library  to  many  who  will  appreciate  it 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


but  to  whom  it  would  be  otherwise  unobtain- 
able. 

Southport,  Ct.  Pequot  L.  (3d  rpt.)  Added 
3785;  total  12,058.  Issued,  home  use  14,620 
(fict.  6 1  %  including  juv.  net.;  juv.  22$).  New 
cards  issued  190;  total  registration  1071.  Read- 
ing room  attendance  15,984. 

On  July  20  the  library  received  an  endow- 
ment of  $30,000  from  Mrs.  Elbert  B.  Monroe, 
its  founder.  There  have  been  several  interest- 
ing exhibits  in  the  reading-room  during  the 
past  year.  These  have  been  only  of  such  pict- 
ures as  could  easily  be  shown  on  screens,  and 
have  included  posters,  the  Copley  prints  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library  decorations,  Japanese 
wood  prints  and  Japanese  colored  photographs. 

Sturbridge,  Mass.  Hyde  P.  L.  The  Joshua 
Hyde  Public  Library,  given  to  Sturbridge  by 
the  late  George  D.  Hyde,  of  Boston,  was  dedi- 
cated on  the  afternoon  of  July  22.  The  chief 
address  was  by  Prof.  George  H.  Haynes,  of 
Worcester,  who  described  the  development  of 
the  local  library  from  its  beginning  as  a  school 
district  library  in  1842.  In  1850  the  Quinebaug 
Library  Association  was  organized,  and  in 
1873  its  collection  of  500  v.  was  transferred  to 
town  control,  an  appropriation  being  made  for 
its  support.  It  was  opened  to  the  public  in  the 
town  hall  on  July  23,  1873.  S.  S.  Green,  of  the 
Worcester  Public  Library,  made  a  shortaddress, 
in  which  he  announced  that  there  was  not  a  town 
in  Worcester  county  withoutapubliclibrary,  and 
that  Sturbridge  was  the  2Oth  town  in  the  county 
to  establish  its  library  in  a  beautiful  new  build- 
ing. 

The  building,  which  was  designed  by  archi- 
tect Darrow,  of  Boston,  was  begun  in  May, 
1896,  and  completed  last  December.  It  is  a 
one-story  structure,  colonial  in  style,  of  cream- 
colored  brick,  with  white  marble  trimmings. 
Its  most  striking  features  are  the  entrance, 
with  its  massive  white  pillars,  and  the  dome. 
To  the  right  and  left  of  the  entrance  are  small 
cloak  and  toilet  rooms,  while  a  few  feet  fur- 
ther on,  and  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  room, 
is  the  librarian's  desk,  which  faces  the  south. 
The  interior  of  the  building,  with  the  exception 
of  the  toilet  and  cloak  rooms,  is  all  one  large 
room,  whose  length  and  breadth  over  all  are 
approximately  those  of  the  entirebuilding,  50  by 
23  feet.  The  southerly  half  of  the  room,  to  the 
right  of  the  entrance,  is  for  the  general  public, 
while  the  division  in  the  rear  of  the  librarian's 
desk  serves  as  the  stack-room.  Running  en- 
tirely around  this  division  is  a  gallery,  pro- 
vided with  shelving  for  books,  and  reached  by 
stairs,  which  rise  from  near  the  librarian's 
desk.  Directly  opposite  the  entrance  and  be- 
neath one  end  of  the  gallery  is  the  brick  fire- 
place, fitted  on  one  side  with  a  broad  seat. 
Running  around  the  public  part  of  the  room, 
beneath  the  windows,  are  beautiful  panels  of 
oak,  while  the  walls  are  finished  in  a  brownish 
clouded  effect,  which  fades  into  a  creamy  tint 
at  the  ceiling.  The  stack  half  of  the  room, 
including  the  gallery,  has  a  shelving  capacity 
for  10,000  v. 

The   bequest   from  which   the   building  has 


been  erected  was  $20,000,  of  which  one-half 
was  to  be  devoted  to  a  building,  and  the  in- 
come of  the  remainder  to  be  applied  to  the  pur- 
chase of  books. 

University  of  the  State  of  N.  Y.  (Extension 
dept.,  3d  rpt.,  1895.)  This  report,  which  has 
just  appeared  in  a  volume  of  408  p.  with  im- 
print date  of  1897,  is  made  up  of  reports  of 
various  divisions  of  the  extension  department 
that  have  previously  appeared,  and  that,  in  so 
far  as  they  relate  to  library  matters,  have  been 
noted  in  the  L.  J.  Besides  the  director's  brief 
report,  it  contains  the  following  Extension 
bulletins  :  no.  13,  on  summer  schools  (L.  j.  21  : 
386);  nos.  14-  15,  $500  library  recommended  for 
schools  (L.  j.  21  :  523) ;  no.  16,  report  of  Public 
Libraries  Division,  1895  (L.  j.  22  :  261);  and  no. 
17,  devoted  wholly  to  a  review  of  progress  in 
extension  teaching. 

Utica  (N.  F.)  P.  L.  (Rpt. —  year  ending 
June  30,  '97.)  Added  1282,  of  which  637  were 
gifts;  total,  23.144;  issued,  home  use  140,477 
(fict.  79$);  visitors  to  ref.  dept.  5952.  New 
registration  2611;  total  cards  in  use,  about 
5000. 

"  Perhaps  no  department  is  more  appreciated 
and  utilized  than  the  children's  corner.  Since 
a  course  of  reading  for  class  and  home  use  was 
arranged  for  the  schools  with  reference  to  the 
age  and  grade  of  the  scholar,  the  number  of 
juvenile  readers  has  greatly  increased.  The 
improvement  resulting  from  a  well-selected 
course  instead  of  a  promiscuous  choice  by  the 
pupils  themselves  is  very  marked.  What  is 
specially  desired  by  the  librarian  and  the  trus- 
tees is  to  open  a  separate  reading-room  as  a 
children's  department  and  to  enlarge  the  refer- 
ence department.  It  is  now  almost  impossible 
to  find  shelf  room  for  the  increased  number  of 
volumes  cataloged,  to  say  nothing  of  keeping 
them  in  their  proper  order." 

Wausau,  Wis.  A  library  has  recently  been 
opened  in  Wausau,  the  common  council  having 
made  an  appropriation  for  its  support. 

Westfield,  N.  Y.  Patterson  Z.  The  library 
was  opened  to  the  public  on  July  12;  it  con- 
tains 6307  v.,  and  was  given  to  the  town  by  the 
late  Miss  Hannah  Patterson. 

Youttgslown  (O.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
April  30,  '97.)  Added  1496;  total  11,971.  Is- 
sued, home  use  51,232;  ref.  attendance  1092. 
Receipts  $4123.15;  expenses  $2723.33. 

"  The  experiment  of  furnishing  sets  of  books 
to  schools  was  so  satisfactory  that  we  have 
added  five  more  sets  of  25  volumes  each,  and 
four  more  sets  of  the  supplementary  reading. 
We  now  have  20  sets  for  home  circulation  and 
20  sets  for  class  use  in  schools.  These  books 
have  been  in  use  nearly  two  years,  and  but 
two  volumes  have  been  lost.  The  5°°  books 
for  home  circulation  aggregated  2111  volumes 
to  760  pupils,  many  of  whom  would  not  have 
read  a  single  book,  probably,  if  they  had  de- 
pended upon  coming  to  the  library  for  it.  The 
:eachers  have  used  the  library  more  freely  than 
in  any  previous  year.  106  teachers  have  drawn 
1206  volumes,  mostly  for  school  work." 


414 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


Practical  Notes. 


BOOK-CASK.     Described  in  the  Official  Gazette  of 
the  U.  S.  Patent  Office,  Apr.  20,  1897.    79:345. 
i  col.  il. 
Quite  an  ingenious  invention,  using  pu'leys, 

ropes,  pistons,  cylinders,  etc. 

BOOK- SUPPORT.  Described  in  Official  Gazette  of 
U.  S.  Patent  Office,  June  I,  1897.  79  :  1385  il. 
"  The  combination  with  a  book-shelf  having 
longitudinal  grooves  therein,  of  a  book-sup- 
porter made  up  of  a  curved  strip  of  wire  or 
sheet  metal,  the  arms  of  which  lie  parallel  to 
one  another  and  are  formed  with  flanges  lying 
at  right  angles  to  the  main  portion  thereof, 
said  flanges  being  adapted  to  fit  and  move 
within  the  grooves  in  said  shelf,  and  a  plate  of 
metal  separate  from  but  riveted  or  otherwise 
secured  to  said  flanges  and  adapted  to  slip 
upon  the  top  surface  of  said  shelf." 

LIBRARY  POSTAL-CARDS.  The  new  four  years' 
contract  for  postal-cards  recently  made  by  the 
government  includes  the  issue  of  a  second 
postal-card  somewhat  smaller  than  the  stand- 
ard size.  This  is  the  result  of  the  repeated 
applications  of  Mr.  Melvil  Dewey,  who  has 
long  urged  the  issue  of  a  card  that  can  be  in- 
serted, if  desired,  in  a  library  card  catalog  or 
index.  Mr.  Dewey's  argument  is  that  the 
large  libraries  supply  one  another  with  data  on 
postal-cards,  which  are  filed  to  make  a  card  in- 
dex; this  makes  it  necessary  to  cut  a  card  down 
after  its  receipt  to  the  uniform  index-card  di- 
mensions, five  by  three  inches,  and  slip  it  into 
its  proper  place  in  the  drawer.  This  cutting  of 
every  card  as  it  comes  out  of  the  mail  is  bur- 
densome, and  for  some  time  librarians  have 
been  desirous  of  either  a  change  in  the  size  of 
the  standard  card  or  the  issue  of  a  separate 
card  of  index  size.  The  department  has  this 
year  agreed  to  make  the  trial,  and  to  decide 
whether  the  change  is  sufficiently  desired  to  be 
worth  making  it  permanent.  It  has  ordered, 
however,  only  200,000,000  cards  of  the  index 
size,  against  1,800,000,000  of  the  standard.  * 


^Librarians. 


ALVORD,  Thomas,  jr.,  was  on  July  12  ap- 
pointed chief  of  the  art  department  of  the  Con- 
gressional Library.  Mr.  Alvord,  who  is  a  son 
of  Thomas  G.  Alvord,  formerly  a  member  of 
the  New  York  legislature,  has  been  for  some 
ye  irs  the  Washington  correspondent  of  the 
New  York  World,  and  recently  made  a  trip  to 
Cuba  for  that  newspaper. 

BURSCH,  Daniel  F.  W.,  for  several  years  li- 
brarian of  the  Portland  (Ore.)  Library  Asso- 
ciation, has  resigned  his  position,  and  intends 
to  enter  business  with  his  father  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  Mr.  Bursch  is  a  graduate  of  the  Pratt 
Institute  Library  School,  class  of  1892.  He 
has  been  succeeded  at  the  Portland  Library  by 
D.  P.  Leach,  formerly  assistant  librarian. 


DICKINSON,  Joseph  R.,  for  20  years  librarian 
of  Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  died  at  his  home 
in  Delaware,  O.,  on  July  24.  Mr.  Dickinson 
was  born  on  Staten  Island  in  1829.  He  went 
to  Ohio  in  1846,  when  he  entered  as  a  student 
the  university  with  which  he  was  so  long  con- 
nected. 

HUTCHESON,  David,  for  many  years  Mr. 
Spofford's  principal  assistant  in  the  Congres- 
sional Library,  was  on  July  12  appointed  super- 
intendent of  the  reading-room  on  the  new  libra- 
ry staff.  The  appointment  is  non  political,  and 
strictly  along  the  line  of  direct  merit  and  civil- 
service  reform.  Mr.  Hutcheson  in  his  connec- 
tion with  the  library  has  shown  executive  ca- 
pacity, courtesy,  and  tact,  and  he  is  especially 
fitted  for  the  post  assigned  to  him.  The  ap- 
pointment has  been  received  with  general  cor- 
dial approval. 

MERRIMAK,  Erie  H.,  assistant  in  the  St.  Jo- 
seph (Mo.)  Public  Library,  has  accepted  a  sim- 
ilar position  in  the  Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Public  Li- 
brary. 

PHILLIPS,  P.  Lee,  has  been  appointed  chief 
of  the  department  of  maps  and  charts  in  the 
Congressional  Library.  Mr.  Phillips  has  been 
in  charge  of  the  cartographic  collection  of  the 
library  for  many  years,  and  is  specially  fitted  for 
the  position  by  his  experience  and  enthusiasm 
in  his  work.  It  is  largely  due  to  him  that  the 
maps  and  charts  in  the  library  have  been  cata- 
loged and  made  at  all  available  for  public  use, 
and  he  has  been  called  the  creator  of  this  de- 
partment of  the  library. 

SOLBERG,  Thorvald,  was  on  July  17  appointed 
Register  of  Copyrights  at  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary, a  position  that  next  to  the  chief  assistant 
librarian  is  the  most  important  on  the  staff  of 
the  new  library.  No  better  appointment  for 
this  post  could  have  been  made,  and  the  new 
Bureau  of  Copyrights  is  fortunate  in  securing 
thus  at  the  outset  the  services  of  a  man  who  is 
probably  better  fitted  than  any  other  to  handle 
its  work.  Mr.  Solberg  was  born  of  Norwegian 
parents  on  April  12,  1852,  in  Manitowoc,  Wis. 
.He  received  a  common  school  education,  and 
entered  the  book  business  at  an  early  age.  On 
May  i,  1876,  he  entered  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress as  cataloger,  remaining  until  May,  1889, 
some  eight  years  of  that  time  being  spent  in  the 
law  library.  His  interest  in  the  work  of  the 
copyright  office  led  to  the  preparation  of  his 
"  Bibliography  of  literary  property  :  a  catalog 
of  books  and  articles  relating  to  copyright." 
This  was  printed  in  the  Publishers'  Weekly  in 
1885,  and  reprinted  in  1886  in  "  Copyright,  its 
law  and  its  literature,"  by  R.  R.  Bowker.  In 
1887,  while  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  Mr. 
Solberg  was  granted  six  months'  leave  of  ab- 
sence to  visit  the  capitalsof  Europe  and  gather 
information  regarding  the  bibliography  of  for- 
eign codes  and  statutes.  This  afforded  him 
opportunity  to  perfect  his  bibliography  of  copy- 
right by  the  addition  of  several  hundred  titles. 
Becoming  interested  in  the  struggle  for  the 
international  copyright  law,  he  prepared  a  his- 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


tory  of  the  movement  and  published  it  as  a 
pamphlet,  "  International  copyright  in  the 
United  States,  1837-86."  In  1888  he  served 
as  secretary  pro  tern  for  the  International  Copy- 
right Association  of  the  District  of  Columbia, 
and  was  elected  its  corresponding  secretary. 
He  was  active  in  urging  the  amendment  to  the 
Chace  bill,  and  at  the  request  of  the  joint  com- 
mittee of  the  Authors'  and  Publishers'  Copy- 
right League  submitted  a  revised  text  of  that 
bill  as  it  had  been  passed  by  the  senate  on  May 
9,  1888,  together  with  a  verbal  argument  in 
support  of  the  amendments  proposed.  These 
are  printed  in  a  pamphlet  entitled  "  Interna- 
tional copyright,"  and  the  text  as  amended 
was  adopted  by  the  committee  and  printed  by 
order  of  the  senate,  and  became  substantially 
the  text  of  the  act  of  1891.  Mr.  Solberg  has 
been  a  member  of  the  council  of  the  Authors' 
Copyright  League  for  eight  or  10  years.  In 
1893  he  attended,  by  invitation  of  the  director 
of  the  International  Copyright  Bureau  at 
Berne,  the  Copyright  Congress  at  Barcelona, 
and  as  a  member  of  the  International  Literary 
and  Artistic  Association  of  Paris,  the  Copyright 
Conference  at  Antwerp.  He  has  been  a  fre- 
quent contributor  of  copyright  articles  to  Le 
Droit  cTAuteur,  the  Journal  de  Droit  Inter- 
nationale, several  German  periodicals,  the  Na- 
tion, the  Publishers'  Weekly  and  the  Critic,  and 
he  has  an  extensive  and  valuable  private  col- 
lection of  copyright  literature.  Mr.  Solberg 
has  been  a  member  of  the  A.  L.  A.  since  1886, 
and  for  some  years  past  has  been  connected 
with  the  Boston  Book  Co. 

(Cataloging  ana  Classification. 

BROOKLINE  (Mass.)  P.  L.     Catalogue  of  music, 
corrected  to  June,  1897.     30  p.  nar.  D. 
A  well-arranged  list,  covering  an  excellent 
collection  of  pianoforte  music,  chamber  music, 
operas,  sacred  music  and  songs.     Copies  may 
be  obtained  of  the  librarian  at  10  c.  each. 

HAMILTON  (Ontario,  Can.)P.  L.     Catalogue  of 

books,  July,  1897.     120  p.  O. 

Title-a-line  classed  (D.  C.)list,  including  all 
books  except  English  fiction,  followed  by  au- 
thor index.  The  catalog  of  English  fiction  is 
issued  as  a  supplement  of  73  p.,  titles  being 
arranged  numerically  in  order  of  the  numbers 
in  the  indicator. 

LONDON  (Ontario,  Can.)  P.  L.    Class  catalogue. 

June  i,  1897.     122  p.  O. 

Lists,  generally  in  title-a-line  entries,  about 
10,000  v.  Author  lists  of  adult  fiction  and  juve- 
niles are  followed  by  a  D.  C.  classed  list  and 
subject  index.  Anonymous  books,  instead  of 
being  entered  under  the  first  word  of  title  ap- 
pear only  under  the  word  "  Anonymous,"  at  the 
head  of  each  alphabet.  In  fiction  and  juveniles 
authors'  surnames  only  are  given.  There  is 
considerable  carelessness  in  proof-reading,  and 
some  curious  errors,  as  the  inclusion  of  Ouida's 
"  House  party  "  in  the  juvenile  division,  the 
listing  of  "Cecil  Dreeme  "  as  by  George  Will- 


iam Curtis,  and  the  seriously  made  entry  "  Gul- 
liver. Travels."  The  catalog  is  printed  on 
lemon-colored  paper,  rather  too  staring  in  tint 
to  be  agreeable. 

The  LOWELL  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  Bulletin  for 
June  contains  reference  list  no.  7  on  astronomy. 

The  MECHANICS'  INSTITUTE  L.,  San  Francisco, 
in  its  July  Bulletin  has  a  reference  list  on 
"Municipal  government,"  including  magazine 
articles  as  well  as  books. 

PEORIA  (///.)  P.  L.     New  books  added   from 
January  to  June,  1897.     4  p.  O. 

The  PROVIDENCE  (Jf.  /.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
July  contains  reference  list  no.  47  on  "The 
Hawaiian  Islands,"  special  catalog  no.  17  being 
a  classified  list  of  periodicals,  annuals,  and  se- 
rials received  at  the  library;  and  the  usual 
quarterly  index  to  reference  lists  of  other  li- 
braries. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  THE  STATE  OK  NEW  YORK.    Ex- 
tension bulletin  no.  19,  May,  1897.     Summer 
schools:   report  of  summer   school   divison, 
1896.     Albany,   1897.     p.  32-108.  O.  10  c. 
A  descriptive  summary  of  the  various  sum- 
mer schools  and  conventions  meeting  in  1897, 
arranged  by  states',  followed   by  detailed  tabu- 
lated statistics  of  work  done  in  1896. 

Public  libraries  division.     New  York  state 

travelling  libraries,  nos.  28-32.     <?«.,  Tt. 
Nos .  28  and  31  are  finding  lists  of  young  peo- 
ple's libraries  of  25  v.  each;  the  others  list  se- 
lections of  general  literature,  50  v.  each.     All 
but  no.  32  are  annotated. 

State   Library    bulletin,   additions   no    3. 

September,  1894.     Albany,  1897.     1364  p.  O. 

75  c. 

This  portly  volume  contains  the  additions 
made  to  the  state  library  from  Oct.  i,  1890  to 
April  i,  1894.  It  is  a  D.  C.  classed  list,  fol- 
lowed by  an  author  list  and  a  full  subject  in- 
dex, and  in  its  accuracy  of  technical  detail  and 
comprehensiveness  of  scope  should  prove  ex- 
tremely useful  as  a  guide  and  model  in  libra- 
ries. 

State  Library  bulletin.    Bibliographies  no. 

2-4.    July,  1897.     Reading  lists  on  Colonial 

New    England  ;    travel   in    North   America  ; 

history  of  the  I7th  century.      Albany,   1897. 

p.  19-92.     10  c. 

Contains  three  excellent  bibliographies  pre- 
pared by  students  of  the  library  school  for  grad- 
uation examinations.  The  reading  list  on  "Colo- 
nial New  England  "  is  by  Minnie  Cornewell  Wil- 
son, class  of  1895,  and  covers  p.  19-33;  "Travel 
in  North  America  "  (p.  37  -  60)  is  a  select  bibliog- 
raphy, by  Charles  William  Plympton,  submit- 
ted for  graduation  in  1891  and  revised  in  1896  ; 
and  the  reading  list  on  "  History  of  the  I7th 
century"  (p.  63-92)  is  by  Grace  F.  Leonard,  of 
the  class  of  1895.  All  the  lists  are  annotated 
and  show  careful  and  painstaking  work. 


416 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


Cibliografji. 


AMERICAN  HISTORY.     Montgomery,  D.  H.    The 
students'   American    history.      Host.,  Ginn, 
1897.     7  +  523  +  55  p.  pors.  maps,  O.  $1.55- 
Useful  as  a  bibliographical  guide  to  the  sub- 
ject.    Over  2000  works  of  acknowledged  merit 
are  cited  in  the  appendix,  and  there  is  also  a 
six-page  classified   list  of  books  on  American 
history. 

BOASE,  Frederic.     Modern  English  biography, 
containing  many  thousand  concise  memoirs  of 
persons  who  have  died  since  the  year  1850. 
v.  2     Truro:  For  the  author,  1897.    888  p.  4°. 
This  volume  contains  the  letters  I-Q,  and  it 
is  arranged  on  the  same  lines  as  the  first  vol- 
ume, published  in  1892.     The  index  shows  that 
the  sketches  of  41  librarians  are  contained  in 
vol.  2,  and  it  also  gives  the  real  names  of  some 
249  pseudonymous  writers. 

CHURCH  AND  STATE.  Johnston,  W.  Dawson, 
and  Jean  Browne,  eds.  The  relations  be- 
tween church  and  state,  modern,  1547-1869. 
Ann  Arbor,  Sheehan,  1897.  58  p.  O.  (Eng. 
hist,  reprints,  no.  2.)  25  c. 
Contains  a  select  four  -  page  bibliography 

with  annotations. 

CIVIL  LISTS.     A  list  of  civil  lists,  for  American 
history.       [In   American  Historical  Review, 
v.  2,  no.  4,  p.  758-766.] 
The  collection  is  of  lists  of  civil  officers  only, 

and  does  not  extend  to  other  states  than  the 

original  13. 

DICKENS,  Charles.  Kitton,  F.  G.  The  novels 
of  Charles  Dickens  :  a  bibliography  and 
sketch.  N.  Y.,  Armstrong,  1897.  8+245  p., 
por.  D.  (Book-lovers'  lib.)  $1.25;  $1.50. 
FLORIDA  LAW.  Cole,  Theodore  Lee.  Bibliog- 
raphy of  the  statute  law  of  the  southern 
states :  Florida  [from  publications  of  the 
Southern  History  Association,  July,  1897]. 
Washington,  D.  C.,  Statute  Law-Book  Co., 
1897.  p.  211-225.  O. 

This  series  of  bibliographies,  in  which  Ala- 
bama and  Arkansas  have  already  appeared, 
are  paged  as  in  the  publications  of  which  they 
are  reprints;  they  do  not,  as  erroneously  stated 
(L.  J.,  June,  p.  327),  continue  the  pagination  of 
one  another. 

MAGAZINES.  Faxon,  F:  W.  A  bibliography  of 
ephemeral  bibelots,  from  their  first  issue  to 
June  i,  1897.  Boston,  Boston  Book  Co., 
1897.  16  p.  T.  ( Bulletin  of  Bibliography 
pamplets,  no.  i.)  25  c. 
Reprinted  from  the  June  no.  of  the  Boston 

Book     Company's     Bulletin   of    Bibliography. 

About  100  of  the  various  "  fad"  magazines  and 

ephemeral   publications   that  have  sprung  up 


within  the  last  few  years  are  listed.  Most  of 
them  date  from  1895  or  later,  and  the  C/iap- 
book  and  the  Yellow  Book  are  among  the  pion- 
eers. The  list  is  an  interesting  revelation  of 
the  number  and  variety  of  these  curious  publi- 
cations. 

WORLD'S  FAIR  CONGRESSES.  Charles  C.  Bon- 
ney,  whose  bibliography  of  publications  gi ow- 
ing out  of  the  proceedings  of  the  World's  Fair 
congresses  of  1893  was  published  in  the  Dial  of 
Jan.  i,  1896,  contributes  to  the  Dial  of  July  16 
a  supplementary  list  on  the  subject.  It  in- 
cludes 23  titles,  bringing  the  total  record  of 
these  publications  up  to  127. 

INDEXES. 

INDEXLESS  BOOKS.  The  record  of  books  pub- 
lished within  the  past  month  or  so  without 
needed  indexes  comprises  "The  genesis  of 
Shakespeare's  art,"  by  E.  J.  Dunning  (Lee  & 
Shepard);  "  The  dungeons  of  old  Paris,"  by 
Tighe  Hopkins  (Putnam);Chamberlain's  "  Sam- 
uel Sewall  and  the  world  he  lived  in"  (De 
Wolfe);  and  Walisziewski's  "  Peter  the  Great" 
( Appleton).  In  the  case  of  the  Walisziewski  and 
Hopkins  books  the  omission  is  part'cularly  re- 
grettable, as  both  abound  in  references  to 
historic  places  and  persons. 


anb  JJsenbonpms. 


"  The  house  of  dreams,"  recently  published 
anonymously  by  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  is  by  W. 
J.  Dawson,  author  of  "  London  idylls,"  etc. 
(Vide  Bookman,  Aug.,  p.  452.) 

"Why  we  punctuate;  by  a  journalist,"  pub- 
lished by  the  Lancet  Publishing  Co.,  is  by  W. 
L.  Klein,  editor  of  the  Northwestern  Lancet,  of 
Minneapolis.  P.  B.  W. 


PUBLISHER'S  NOTE.  —  As  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
has  frequent  and  urgent  requests  for  back  num- 
bers of  the  JOURNAL,  where  only  one  or  two  are 
needed  to  complete  sets  or  long  series  of  back 
volumes,  the  publisher  will  be  glad  to  receive 
from  past  subscribers  or  present  possessors  of 
previous  volumes,  word  as  to  the  particular 
number  or  numbers,  where  not  more  than  two 
or  three  are  required  for  the  purpose,  which  are 
lacking  to  complete  sets  or  continuous  series  of 
volumes.  It  should  be  stated  specifically  wheth- 
er full  sets  can  be  completed  or  what  range  of 
volumes  can  be  filled  out  by  such  missing  num- 
bers. Fresh  endeavors  will  then  be  made  to 
obtain  a  supply  of  these  missing  numbers  in  the 
order  of  importance  in  completing  sets  or 
long  series,  and  in  case  a  considerable  number 
of  sets  or  long  series  could  be  completed  by  the 
reproduction  of  one,  two,  or  three  numbers,  the 
publisher  will  consider  the  practicability  of  caus- 
ing such  numbers  to  be  reproduced. 


August,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  417 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  GOJIIPHNY, 

(CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  President,) 

BEACON    STREET,  £  BOSTON,    MASS. 


department 


Fred^ricl<  W.  Faxon. 


Specialty:  Periodical  Sets. 

7THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  does  not  make  a  practice  of  adver- 
tising sets  not  in  stock  on  the  chance  of  securing  orders,  but  it  actu- 
ally does  carry  a  larger  stock  of  periodicals  than  any  other  one  dealer.     More- 
over, conscientious  efforts  are  made  to  perfect  every  set  before  it  leaves  the 
house,  collators  being  kept  steadily  at  work  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sets  are 
not  simply  "guaranteed  "  perfect,  but  they  are  made  perfect  before  shipment. 
The   advantages   offered   by  THE    BOSTON    BOOK    COMPANY  are 

jCargest  Stock  of  Sets  to  Select  from, 
ffiest  Worth  for  TTfoney  Sxpended .  .  . 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  has  begun  the  publication  of  a 
BULLETIN  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  of  which  the  first  number  is  just  off 
the  press.  This  journal  is  not  for  sale  but  will  be  sent  to  a  select  list  of 
libraries.  Librarians  interested  in  the  publication  who  have  not  received 
the  initial  number,  are  requested  to  send  for  a  sample  copy. 

ADDRESS 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COHPANY, 

\5'A  BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


H.  WELTER 


Bonaparte,  Paris, 


HAS    JUST    PUBLISHED: 


Lexique    de    la    Langue    de 
Moliere. 

Comparee  avec  celle  des  Ecrivains  de  son 
temps.  Avec  des  Commentaires  de  philologie 
historiqiie  et  grammaticale.  Par  ClI.  L.  LlVET. 
Ouvrage  couronne  par  1'Academie  franjaise. 
3  vols.,  8°.  45  Francs. 

The  publisher  reserves  the  right  to  raise  the  price  of 
this  work  to  60  francs. 


Dante :  Les  Plus  Anciennes 
Traductions  Francaises  de 
la  Divine  Comedie. 

Publics  pour  la  premiere  fois  (Taprls  les 
manuscrits  de  Turin,  Paris  et  Vienne.  Pr6- 
ced6es  d'une  Etude  sur  les  Traductions 
Franchises  du  Poeme  du  Dante.  Par  C. 
MOREL,  chancelier  de  l'Universit6  de  Fri- 
bourg  (Suisse).  35  Francs. 

ire  Partie:  Textes :  i  vol.  gr.  in-8  de  V-623  pages, 
avec  3  planches  in-4  (facsimiles  paieographiques)  et 
les  portraits  de  Dante  et  de  Beatrice. 

•ze  Partie :  Album  de  21  planches  (miniatures  et  textes 
reproduits  en  heliogravure). 

With  the  above  work,  the  following  will  be  furnished 
without  extra  charge,  but  will  not  be  delivered  separately. 

Philologischer  Kommentar  zu 
der  Franzos.  Ubertragung 
von  Dante's  Inferno 

in  der  Hs.  L  III  17  der  Turiner  Universitats- 
bibliothek.  Von  E.  STENGEL,  Professor  an 
der  Universitat  zu  Greifswald. 


The  publisher  has  acquired  a  small  edition  of  the 

following  -work,  published  privately  by 

the  author  : 

Nachtrage  und  Berichtigun= 
gen  zur  Miinzkunde  der 
Romischen  Republik. 

Im  Anschluss  an  Babelon's  Verzeichniss  der 
Consular-Munzen,  von  M.  BAHRFELDT.  Gr. 
8°.  IX-3I6  Seiten,  mit  113  Abbild.  im  Texte 
u.  13  Taf.  m.  632  Fig.  1897.  20  Francs. 


Collection  de  Reproductions 
et  de  Reimpressions 
D'Ouvrages  Rares  du  XIXe 
Siecle. 

Tomes  I,  II,  III,  IV.     4  vols.,  8°.     42  Francs 
50  Centimes. 

I.  La  Traced  ie  Francalse  an  XVIe  Siecle. 

Par  E.  FAGUET.  i  vol.  in-8c  (Facsimile)-  391 
pages.  10  Francs. 

II.  Documents  Inedlts  pour  servlr  a  I'liiw- 

toire  litteralre  de  1'ltalie  depuis  le  VIIIc 
siecle  jusqu'au  XIII*.  Avec  des  recherches  sur 
le  moyen-age  italien.  Par  A.  F.  OZANAM.  i  vol. 
in-8°  (Facsimile).  VI— 418  pages.  12  Francs  50 
Centimes. 

III.  Le»  Orfgfnes    Latin  eg   da   Theatre 
lUoderne.     Par  E.  Du-MfiuiL.     i  vol.   in-8° 
(Facsimile).    420  pages.    12  Francs  50  Centimes. 

IV.  Precieux   et   Precleuses.     Caractferes  et 
mceurs  litteraires  du  XVIIf  siecle.    i  vol.  in-8° 
(Reimpression,  y  edition).     XXXV-443    pages. 
7  Francs  50  Centimes. 


A  New   Work  by  Abb/  Rousselot. 

Principes  de  Phonetique  Ex- 
perimentale. 

i  vol.  in-8°,  avec  beaucoup  de  figures.     1897. 

Circa.     15  to  20  Francs. 

The  first  part  is  now  ready  for  delivery.  The  price  for 
the  present  is  fixed  at  15  francs.  Should  the  expense  of 
manufacturing  render  it  necessary  to  raise  the  price  to  20 
francs,  the  remaining  5  francs  will  be  charged  when  the 
concluding  part  is  ready  for  delivery. 

The  following,  by  the  same  author,  have  also  been 
published  by  the  undersigned. 

Les      Modifications     Phone= 
tiques  du  Langage. 

Gr.    in-8°,   de   VIII-374   pages   av.    116   fig. 
1891.     25  Francs. 

The  above  is  also  contained  in  Nos.  15,  16,  19,  20,  and 
21  of  the 

Revue  des  Patois  Gallo-Romans, 

of  which  I  am  able  to  offer  the  whole  collection  —  5  vols. 
and  supplement,  1887-93  —  for  50  Francs  instead  of  105 
Francs,  the  published  price. 


The  following  is  also  based  upon  Rousselofs 
principles  : 

Les  Parlers  Parisiens 


Anthologie  phonetique. 
le  edition.  In-8°,  186 
bound.  1896.  4  Francs  50  Centimes. 


Par  E.  KOSCHWITZ. 
pages,    handsomely 


H.    WEI/TKR, 


59  Rue    Bonaparte,    Paris. 


August,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  41 9 

Nothing  too  good ! 

The  economical  administration  of  your  library  demands 
that  you  know  all  there  is  to  be  known  about  our  improved 
catalogue  cabinets  and  other  up-to-date  supplies. 

Our  favorite  is  a  single  tray,  16  inches  long,  to  be  re- 
moved for  reference  so  that  each  searcher  uses  one  tray  at  a 
time  and  leaves  the  coast  clear  for  others.  These  are  built 
man  high  upon  a  stand  15  inches  high,  giving  great  capacity 
in  small  wall  and  floor  space. 

They  have  the  following  points  of  superiority  over  any 
that  have  heretofore  been  offered :  Cabinets  built  of  seasoned 
oak  throughout.  Trays  cut  low  at  sides  admitting  light  to 
bottom  of  cards.  Finished  inside  for  use,  outside  for  appear- 
ance. Trays  just  right  in  width  so  that  rod  can  be  replaced 
without  being  necessary  to  straighten  up  the  cards.  Blocks 
run  on  track  so  that  they  cannot  upset  or  push  back  when 
rod  is  removed.  Blocks,  rods,  and  cards  so  secured  to  bot- 
tom of  tray  that  they  cannot  be  spilled  out  should  a  tray  be 
dropped  or  upset.  Rods  are  removed  with  a  quarter  turn. 
We  also  make  a  lock  block  which  holds  rod  and  block  so 
that  neither  can  be  moved  without  a  key,  giving  absolute 
security  for  public  use. 

This  construction,  of  course,  costs  more  to  manufacture 
than  cabinets  made  with  less  care,  but  we  are  in  the  market 
to  meet  every  competition  on  a  basis  of  merit. 

We  are  glad  to  get  letters  of  in- 

Nothina  too  large  for  our   }  .  /v    ,, 

facilities.  ?    quiry  concerning  our  stuff,  they  m- 

too  small  for  our  S    dicate  an  interest  in  what  we  are 

careful  attention.  \       ,    .  .  «., 

doing  to  improve  library  service. 


THE  OFFICE  &  LIBRARY  CO., 

io*  and  104  Fulton  Street,  -  -  NEW  YORK. 

S.  H.  BERRY,  Manager  Dept.  of  Library  Fittings  and  Supplies. 


420  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [August,  '97 

LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  :  :  :  :  : 

LEHCKE  &  BUECHNER, 

(LONDON.      LEIPZIG.     PARIS.) 

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t(§)E  invite  Librarians  to  correspond  with  us  before  placing  orders.     Our  facili- 
»»      ties  for  supplying  books  in  all  languages  are  unsurpassed. 

Xarpegt  Stocfe  of  0erman  an&  jfrencb  JBoofts. 
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Our  firm  offers  all  the  advantages  of  foreign  agencies  as  to  terms  and 
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Our  Monthly  Bulletin,  besides  a  bibliography  of  the  leading  languages  of 
the  world,  supplies  in  a  supplement  critical  notes  on  books  especially  valuable  for 
Libraries,  and  has  become  the  purchasing  guide  for  German  and  French  books 
in  many  Libraries. 

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OF 

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ORDERS  for  libraries  —  public,  university,  college,  or  school  —  filled  with  promptness  and  the 
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partment with  a  corps  of  trained  assistants  enables  us  to  give  the  best  attention  to  the  peculiar 
demands  of  libraries. 

We  are  continually  receiving  large  consignments  of  foreign  books  —  those  for  public  libraries 
coming  free  of  duty  —  and  we  make  a  specialty  of  picking  up  both  domestic  and  foreign  books 
which  are  out  of  print  or  which  for  other  reasons  are  difficult  to  secure. 

Our  prices  are  very  low  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  librarians  regarding  their 
wants. 


H.  5OTHERAN  &  CO., 


TtlegrapMeAddrt*,:        I— I  Wl    1     I       H    I-H    L>   A    iXJ      X«      ill  Code  in  Use  : 

BOOKMEN,  LONDON.     1   I*    ^Vf   J.    1   I  dVTVJL  ^1     iX    WVf««      UNICODE. 


Booksellers,  Bookbinders,  and  Publishers,  and  General  Agents  in  Europe 
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A  Monthly  Catalogue  of  Second-Hand  Books.    Specimen  Number  post  free. 


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August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


421 


HIGGINS' 


(PATENTED.) 


PHOT© 

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The  best  adhesive  for  mounting  photographs,  maps,  engravings, 
posters,  etc.,  and  for  scrap-book,  tissue  work,  and  general  use  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  mucilage.  For  a  hundred  and  one  purposes  where  an  adhesive 
is  needed  a  world  of  satisfaction  will  be  yours  if  HIGGINS'  PHOTO  MOUNTER 
is  at  your  elbow.  It  is  not  a  Starch  or  Flour  Paste,  but  a  "Vegetable 
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consistency  and  pure  white  color,  and  never  spoils  or  changes.  Spreads  very  smoothly  and 
easily,  adheres  at  once,  and  dries  quickly.  Does  not  warp,  cockle,  or  strike  through  the  mount, 
and  warranted  not  to  injure  the  tone  or  color  of  any  mount.  Unsurpassed  for  either  dry  or  wet 
mountings.  An  excellent  novel  brush  (see  cut)  goes  with  each  jar.  • 


SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  ARTISTS'  MATERIALS,   PHOTO  SUPPLIES,  AND  STATIONERY. 


A.  3-oz.  jar  prepaid  by  mail  for  thirty  cents,  or  circulars  free  from 

CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO.,  Originators  and  Manufacturers, 


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in  foreign  languages. 


422 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[August,  '97 


LIBRARIES 


WE  solicit  correspondence  with  bookbuyers  for  private  and  other  LIBRARIES 
and  desire  to  submit  figures  on   proposed   lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles. 


LIBRARY   REBINDING   DEPARTMENT 


OF  THE 


BOSTON  BOOKBINDING  COHPANY, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

t(§JlE  beg  to  inform  Librarians  that  we  are  doing  rebinding  work  of  every 
•^  description  for  public  libraries  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Our  flexible  sewing  insures  strength,  and  perfect  opening  of  old 
volumes.  Our  prices  are  low,  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  Libra- 
rians regarding  their  wants. 


"that   if   you 
have  tried  in 


I  WISH  TO  REPEAT, 

vain  to  secure  a  missing  number  or  vol- 
ume of  a  magazine,  if  your  list  has  come 
back  repeatedly,  marked  '  O.  P.,'  'can't 
find,'  etc  ,  etc.,  then  the  time  has  arrived 
when  my  services  may  avail." 


A,  S,  CLARK,  Bookseller  and  Newsdealer, 

174  Fulton  Street,  iSew  York. 

Adhesive  Parchment  Paper 


For  repairing  torn  leaves 
of  Books,  Magazines,  etc. 

Circular  for  the  asking. 


"It  Doesn't  Curl.  •• 


"  Your  Adhesive  Paper  is  just 
the  thing  all  librarians  need. 

It  is  clean,  transparent,  strong 
and  cheap — in  fact  it  possesses 
all  the  characteristics  of  an  up- 
to-date  commodity."  —  THOS. 
CARTER,  Sec'y  of  Centenary 
College  Faculty,  Jackson,  La. 


GAYLORDBROS,,   -   Syracuse,  N.  Y, 


BOOKS  WANTED. 


Butte  Free  Public  Library,  Butte  City,  Montana. 
Art  Amateur,  Sept.,  1893. 
Mining  and  Scientific  frest,  July  28,  1894. 
Public  Opinion,  Oct.  12,  1893;  Nov.  29,  '94. 
Library  Journal,  Jan.,  1895. 

Case  Library,  Cleveland,  O. 

Street  Railway  Journal,  1889  to  date. 
Mason's  Pequot  War,  Sabin's  reprint. 

New  Hampshire  State  Library. 

Hittorical  Magazine,  ist  series,  v.  8-10. 


SITUATIONS  WANTED. 


T  DESIRE  to  obtain  a  position  for  my  lady  cataloguer, 
1  who  has  worked  with  me  here  in  organizing  this  Li- 
brary for  nearly  two  years,  as  well  as  some  ten  months 
in  the  same  work  at  Wilmington,  Del.  She  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Pratt  Institute  Library  School,  class  of  1892,  and 
is  a  superior  cataloguer  and  classifier.  She  is  fully  com- 
petent to  take  charge  of  a  library,  and  has  good  commen- 
dations from  the  Vassar,  Binghamton,  and  Scranton  li- 
braries. A.  W.  TYI.ER,  Librarian  Blackstone  Memorial 
Library,  Branford,  Conn. 


SPECIAL   NOTICE. 


O  ALE  of  the  duplicates  belonging  to  the  Royal  Library 
°  Victor  Emanuel  of  Rome.  12,000  volumes.  The- 
ology, Philosophy,  History,  Sciences,  Literature,  Arts, 
Curiosities  and  Bibliographic  rarities.  The  sale  will 
take  place  in  Rome  at  the  Galleria  Sangiorgi  in  No- 
vember next.  By  sending  p.  o.  o.  of  3  francs  to  the 
Galleria  Sangiorgi,  Palazzo  Borghese,  Rome  (Italy), 
the  catalogue  will  be  forwarded  free.  Purchasers  of 
books  to  the  amount  of  not  less  than  10  francs  will  be  re- 
funded the  price  of  the  catalogue. 


August,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


423 


Q.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS, 

^RK:  -,  LO 

:  23d  Street.  24  Bedford 

LIBRARY    AGENTS. 


NEW  YORK: 
27  and  29  West  23d  Street. 


LONDON : 
24  Bedford  Street,  Strand. 


MESSRS.  PUTNAfl  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
telligent  1  y  and  to  the  best  advantage  of  their  customers. 

Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for 
American  books)  enables  them  to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  com- 
mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

153-157  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
orders. 

The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
kept  in  stock,  thereby  enabling  us  to  fill  orders  with  utmost  despatch. 

Special  attention  is  asked  to  our  facilities  for  importing  books  free  of  duty. 

Correspondence  solicited.  Send  for  catalogues  and  specimen  copy  of 
THE  BOOK  BUYER,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  books,  authors,  and  literary  affairs. 

EM.    TBRQTJBM, 
Paris  Agency  for  American  Libraries, 

KSrTA.BZ,ISHECD    1S7T, 

31    Bis   BOULEVARD    HAUSSMANN    31    Bis 
PARIS. 


French  and  Continental  Books  purchased  at  the  lowest 
terms. 

Orders  carefully  executed  for  out-of-print  and  new  books. 

Binding  for  books  in  constant  use  a  specialty  of  the  firm. 

Estimates  given  on  application  on  all  orders. 

The  "  Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Franjaise"  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  .of  second-hand  book- 
dealers  of  every  locality. 


Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 

libraries  offered  en  the  before  auction. 
Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Paris  of 

many  libraries,  colleges,  and  universities,  can  furnish 

references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  States. 
Correspondence  and  trial  orders  solicited.    Small  or  large 

shipments  every   week  either  direct  or  through  his 

agent  in  New  York. 


KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

PUBLISHERS  AND  LIBRARY  AGENTS, 
Paternoster  House,   Charing   Cross   Road,   London,   Eng., 

Having  extensive  experience  in  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
INSTITUTIONS,  etc.,  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  Miscellaneous  Requisites,  Books  (New  and 
Second-hand),  or  Periodicals  in  all  Languages,  offer  their  Services  to  LIBRARIANS,  SECRE- 
TARIES, AND  OTHERS.  Careful  attention  given  to  every  detail.  Exceptional  Facilities  for 
obtaining  Foreign  and  Scarce  Books,  BINDING  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  UNDERTAKEN.  Periodicals 
and  Newspapers  Promptly  Supplied  as  issued.  Books  Shipped  to  all  parts  of  the  World  at  Lowest 
Rates.  

TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES,  HANDBOOKS,  ETC. 


424  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  [August,  '97 

LONDON :  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG :  Hospital  Str.  10.        PARIS :  76  Rue  de  Kennes. 


GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is   the   only    importer   in    America,  who  employs   no  Agents,    but  has  his  own 
offices  at  : 

LONDON :         .      2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 

PARIS:        ...        .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG  :  Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 
II.     Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 
often  an  extra  discount. 

III.  The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 

IV.  As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  Thursdays 

from  Germany"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
V.     If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 

New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 

of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 
VI.     Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 

abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 

Librarian. 
VII.     Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 

a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 

nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 
VIII.     Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 

of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 

and  by  attending  auction  sales. 
IX.     Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 

of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 

volumes. 
X.     Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
XI.     American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand: 

(The  list  will  be  changed  from  time  to  time.) 


American  Naturalist,  Vol.  1-25.  Philadelphia, 
1868-91.  Bound. 

Aimales  des  Sciences  naturelles,  I.  Series  com- 
plete. 33  Vols.  Paris,  1824-33.  Half  calf. 

Annalles  des  Sciences  naturelles:  Zoologie, 
Paleontologie.  Series  II.  to  VII.  complete. 
109  Vols.  Paris,  1834-92.  Half  morocco. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History. 
Complete  Set,  106  Vols.  London,  1838-1889. 
Half  morocco. 

Journal  of  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland.  I.  and  II.  Series.  46 
Vols.  London,  1834-94.  Half  morocco. 

Jahrbucher  fur  National  Oe^pnomie  und  Sta- 
tistik.  Complete  Set.  1863-94.  Bound. 


Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science. 

Complete   Set,   37   Vols.      London,    1853-89. 

Half  calf. 
Monthly   Microscopical  Journal.      Complete 

Set,  33  Vols.     London,  1869-92.     Half  calf. 
Jahrbuch  fur  Mineralogie.     Complete  Set,  89 

Vols.     Stuttgart,  1830-91.     Half  calf. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society 

of  London.      Complete  Set,  47  Vols.     Lon- 
don, 1845-91.     Half  morocco. 
Transactions  of  the    Geological    Society  of 

London.     Complete  Set.     London,  1811-56. 

Half  calf. 
Zeitschrift    d.    d.    Morgenland.    Gesellschaft. 

Complete  Set.     Leipzig,  1847-89. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 


GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT,  9  East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 

KAY  PRINTING  HOUSE,  66-68  CENTRE  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


THE 


Library  Journal 


OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY    DEVOTED    TO 


Xibrarp  Economy  anb  Bibliography 


VOL.  22.     No.  9. 


SEPTEMBER,  1897. 


Contents. 


PAGE 

THE   INTERNATIONAL  LIBRARY   CONFERENCE,  GUILD- 
HALL, LONDON,  JULY,  1897 Frontispiece. 

EDITORIAL 427 

Appointments  at  the  Congressional  Library. 
An  English  Memorial  from  American  Librarians. 
Questions  of  Originality. 

COMMUNICATIONS 428 

The  "  Combined  Charging  System  "  and  its  Past 
and  Future  Critics. 

THE  PLACE  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY  IN  THE  EQUIPMENT  OF 
A  CULTIVATED  MAN.  —  Prof.  M.  D.  Bisbee.  .    .    .  429 

CORPORATE  ENTRY  :    FURTHER  CONSIDERATIONS.  —  I. 
C:  A.  Cutter;  II.  Edith  E.  Clarke 432 

BOOKS  FOR  MOTHERS'  CLUBS. —  Linda.  A.  Eastman.  436 

THE  DENVER  UNION  CATALOG  OF  MEDICAL  LITERA- 
TURE  437 

IN  MEMORIAM  —  WILLIAM  RICE,  D.D.  —  Mary  Med- 
licott 437 

AFFAIRS  AT  THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY 438 

"WHY  THERE  WAS  No  STRIKE." 439 

THE  CHILDREN'S  ROOM 439 


PAGE 
A  COURSE  IN  BIBLIOLOGY  IN  DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE.    .  439 

THE  LAWRENCEVILLE  BRANCH  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  LI- 
BRARY OF  PITTSBURGH.  (Illustrated.) 440 

AN  EXTRAORDINARY  TITLE.  —  H.  C.  Bolton    ....  442 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 442 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 442 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 443 

LIBRARY    CLUBS 446 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES 446 

Amherst. 

New  York  State  Library. 

University  of  Wisconsin. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 448 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS 452 

LIBRARIANS 453 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 454 

BlBLIOGRAFY 455 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 456 

HUMORS  AND  BLUNDERS 456 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER&  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  cts. 

Prict  to  Europe \  or  other  countries  in  tht  Union,  aot.Jer  annum;  single  numtert,  ar. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


426  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {September,  '97 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  (#cjencg  f  or  {American  BiBrariee 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 

KOUNDKD    IN    1866. 
(SJrf  PPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 

j^T* 

Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  Booftg  3Tount>. 


Sets  flPafre  TUp. 


of  3B\?erg  Class. 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books;"  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College. 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY, 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 

Member  American  Library  Association.  SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


THE     LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


SEPTEMBER,   1897. 


No.  9 


THE  new  Librarian  of  Congress  continues  to 
give  the  best  of  evidence  of  his  intention  to 
make  the  library  worthy  of  its  opportunities,  by 
appointing  skilled  and  fit  men  in  the  leading 
positions.  Of  the  new  assistant  librarians, 
A.  P.  C.  Griffin  is  one  of  the  most  experienced 
and  skilled  bibliographers  in  the  country,  and 
Arthur  R.  Kimball,  as  state  librarian  of  New 
Hampshire,  made  an  excellent  record,  which 
gives  promise,  in  case  he  should  have  charge 
of  the  division  including  state  publications,  of 
strengthening  the  national  library  in  a  depart- 
ment in  which  it  should  be  most  strong  and  in 
which  it  has  been  most  weak.  James  C.  Han- 
son, chief  of  the  catalog  department,  has  held 
a  like  position  for  some  years  in  the  library  of 
the  University  of  Wisconsin  ;  T:  H.  Clark, 
the  new  superintendent  of  the  Law  Library, 
has  not  had  library  experience,  but  is  a  man 
of  public  service  in  other  departments,  who  has 
shown  the  true  library  spirit  —  as  in  his  ad- 
dress on  "  Historical  Alabama,"  urging  the  need 
of  collecting  material  in  that  state  —  and  there 
is  good  reason  to  hope  for  his  success  in  this 
position.  It  is  stated  that  there  have  been 
nearly  7000  applications  for  the  60  places  which 
the  new  librarian  has  filled  or  has  yet  to  fill  in 
the  library  —  a  sufficient  commentary  on  the 
nature  of  the  task  and  of  the  burden  upon  the 
executive,  who  is  without  any  defence  from 
civil  service  examination  rules  or  methods. 


IT  was  proposed  that  the  recent  visit  of 
American  librarians  to  England  should  have 
some  permanent  memorial,  and  certainly  none 
could  be  more  fitting  than  one  at  the  home  of 
the  master  of  English  literature,  in  the  church 
where  he  lies  buried,  in  a  town  where  such 
noteworthy  hospitality  was  offered  to  American 
visitors.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  therefore,  that  the 
librarians  who  visited  England  will  take  part 
effectively  in  raising  the  funds  for  the  comple- 
tion of  the  American  portion  of  the  memorial 
window  in  Shakespeare's  church.  One  sub- 
scription of  $50  toward  the  $500  which  is  under- 
stood to  be  necessary  has  already  been  made, 
and  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  will  be  glad  to  receive 
further  subscriptions  in  the  hope  of  completing 
the  necessary  sum.  It  is  perhaps  too  much  to 
expect  that  the  money  shall  be  actually  given 


by  librarians,  especially  by  those  whose  purses 
are  now  depleted  by  the  unwonted  expenditure 
of  the  transatlantic  journey,  but  almost  every 
librarian  among  those  who  went  abroad  will 
have  friends  within  his  official  library  circle 
who  would  be  glad,  if  their  attention  were  called 
to  the  matter,  to  contribute  their  part  toward 
this  excellent  end.  We  hope  that  it  will  be 
possible  to  send  to  the  worthy  vicar  the  means 
of  realizing  in  tangible  fashion  the  assurances 
of  good-will  which  so  many  have  reason  to  feel 
toward  him  and  toward  all  the  good  people  of 
Stratford-on-Avon. 


WE  have  received  an  unhappily  intemperate 
communication  from  Mr.  Schwartz,  demanding 
"  for  what  inscrutable  reason"  an  earlier  com- 
munication of  his  to  the  JOURNAL  had  not  been 
printed,  and  asking,  "  are  you  running  the  L.  J. 
in  the  interest  of  Mr.  —  — ,  or  of  a  clique,  or 
in  the  interest  of  truth?"  We  have  only  to 
make  the  simple  statement  that  Mr.  Schwartz's 
previous  communication  had  been  standing  in 
type  for  some  months,  but  was  so  long  that  it 
was  crowded  out  from  month  to  month  by  ma- 
terial more  compact  and  of  more  immediate  im- 
portance. Originality  is  not  of  the  first  impor- 
tance in  library  progress,  and,  indeed,  those 
who  have  contributed  most  to  library  progress 
have  perhaps  been  least  concerned  with  getting 
for  their  work  the  credit  which  they  really  de- 
served. Questions  of  originality  are  usually 
questions  of  fact,  and  if  any  person  considers 
that  a  device  supposed  by  its  author  to  be 
original  has  been  used  before  in  some  form  or 
other,  either  in  its  central  idea  or  in  its  detail 
features,  the  person  who  considers  himself  the 
originator  should  not  take  that  suggestion  as  a 
personal  insult.  Mr.  Schwartz's  paper  before  the 
International  Library  Conference  in  London  was 
admirably  summarized  to  the  conference  by  Mr. 
Cutter,  but  at  once  called  forth  the  rejoinder  on 
the  part  of  a  librarian,  who  had  certainly  no 
personal  enmity  to  Mr.  Schwartz,  that  the 
scheme  presented  was  already  in  use  in  some 
English  libraries.  Surely  this  gentleman  was 
justified  in  stating  what  he  understood  to  be 
a  fact,  and  we  trust  that  Mr.  Schwartz  may 
not  insist  upon  feeling  personally  insulted  to 
the  extent  of  requiring  the  daring  critic  to  meet 
him  on  an  international  "  field  of  honor." 


428 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{September,  '97 


Communications. 


THE  "COMBINED  CHARGING  SYSTEM"   AND 
ITS  PAST  AND  FUTURE  CRITICS. 

IN  your  "  Conference  "  number  (v.  21,  no.  12, 
Dec.,  1896),  I  find  on  page  53,  in  Mr.  Hill's  re- 
port about  the  charging  system  used  in  the 
Newark  Free  Public  Library,  that  he  properly 
credits  its  foundation  or  origin  to  the  Evansville 
Library  scheme,  which  was  briefly  described  by 
its  inventor,  Mr.  Cadwallader,  in  the  L.  j.,  v.  I, 
p.  254-5.  But  when  Mr.  Hill  adds  (p.  53  of  the 
Conference  no.),  "  Modifications  of  this  scheme 
were  made  by  Jacob  Schwartz,"  etc.,  I  must  pro- 
test against  the  inference  that  my  system  is  in 
any  way  indebted  to  the  "  Evansville."  The 
two  schemes  are  alike  only  in  the  sense  that  the 
Waldorf  Hotel  is  like  an  elephant —  to  borrow 
a  venerable  minstrel  conundrum  —  because 
neither  of  them  can  climb  a  tree  !  If  Mr.  Hill 
will  kindly  read  the  brief  description  of  my 
charging  system  in  L.  J.,  v.  4,  p.  275  -7,  he  will 
see  that  it  reminds  him  of  the  "  Evansville"  in 
the  same  way  only  that  the  countryman  from 
the  wilds  of  New  Jersey,  who  visited  New  York 
City,  was  reminded  of  home  —  "  because  it 
was  so  different." 

I  believe  I  was  the  first  one  to  call  attention 
to  the  merits  of  the  Evansville  system  in  the 
L.  j.,  v.  5,  p.  73-4.  As  this  article  was 
•written  some  months  before  my  "Combined" 
system  was  published  in  vol.  4  (as  explained  in 
the  note,  p.  72,  and  more  fully  on  p.  108  of  v. 
5),  it  may  possibly  account  for  Mr.  Hill's  mis- 
take. I  am  as  great  an  admirer  as  I  ever  was 
of  the  Evansville  system,  in  its  original  form 
(though  I  cannot  say  as  much  for  the  alleged 
improvement  on  it),  but  I  think  it  is  inferior  to 
my  system.  Perhaps  the  best  way  to  describe 
the  fundamental  difference  between  the  two 
methods  would  be  to  say  that  everything  the 
Evansville  system  does,  I  do  just  exactly  the 
opposite  way,  and  that  every  objection  that 
can  be  made  against  the  Evansville  system  has 
been  overcome  in  the  Schwartz  system.  As  a 
proof  of  its  efficiency  I  may  mention  that  in  Jan- 
uary, 1896,  there  were  2139  volumes  given  out 
from  I  to  9  o'clock  p.m.,  by  eight  attendants, 
whose  duties  included  the  charging,  discharg- 
ing, and  getting  of  books,  receipt  of  fines,  open- 
ing of  new  accounts,  closing  of  old  ones,  and 
the  sale  of  catalogs. 

It  is  curious  that  my  charging  system  has 
been  compared  with  various  methods  with 
which  it  has  nothing  in  common  by  several  li- 
brarians who  ought  to  have  known  better  if 
they  really  knew  what  my  method  was  (as  they 
should  have  known)  before  they  ventured  to 
judge  it.  For  instance,  in  the  article  describ- 
ing my  plan,  in  L.  j.,  v.  4,  p.  277,  there  is  a 
note  by  the  .editors:  "  Mr.  Cutter  is  introduc- 
ing a  system  on  a  similar  plan  into  his  library." 
As  I  knew  nothing  about  Mr.  Cutter's  method 
at  the  time  I  wrote  my  article  the  only  infer- 
ence is  that  Mr.  Cutter  had  copied  from  me. 
On  p.  445  of  the  same  v.  4  of  the  L.  j.,  Mr. 
Cutter  promptly  and  properly  disavowed  any 


connection  with  my  system,  and  proved  it  con- 
clusively by  giving  a  succinct  account  ol  his 
own  plan.  There  is  no  similarity  whatever 
between  the  two  plans,  and  it  is  amazing  that 
any  one  could  have  thought  there  was.  Mr. 
Cutter's  scheme  is  an  admirable  one,  and  for  a 
library  like  the  Athenaeum  it  is  far  superior  to 
mine,  but  my  scheme  was  not  designed  for  such  a 
library.  For  a  large  circulating  library  my  sys- 
tem is  superior,  inasmuch  as  it  takes  only  half 
the  time  that  is  required  to  work  Mr.  Cutter's 
plan.  Like  many  other  ideas  that  are  admira- 
ble in  their  original  conception,  Mr.  Cutter's 
system  has  been  "  improved  "  (for  example,  by 
Foster  and  Linderfelt),  and  in  my  opinion  im- 
proved for  the  worse.  In  both  modifications 
the  most  original  and  distinctive  feature  of  Mr. 
Cutter's  plan  has  been  entirely  obliterated. 

In  v.  14  of  the  L.  j.,  on  p.  205-6  of  his 
"  Report  on  charging  systems,"  Mr.  H.  J.  Carr, 
after  describing  a  method  of  charging  devised 
by  Prof.  Jewett,  of  the  Bosion  Public  Library 
(which  Mr.  Carr  had  dug  out  of  the  dust-bins 
of  bibliothecal  literature),  intimated  that  it  was 
the  original  of  the  "  Combined  charging  sys- 
tem." In  the  same  volume  (p.  468-9),  I  dem- 
onstrated by  a  comparison  between  the  two  sys- 
tems that  they  were  as  dissimilar  as  they 
possibly  could  be.  As  Mr.  Jewett's  plan  was 
never  put  into  practice,  and  as  no  one  who 
has  written  on  charging  systems,  except  Mr. 
Carr,  had  apparently  ever  heard  of  it  (it  was 
certainly  new  to  me,  and  I  am  pretty  familiar 
with  the  subject),  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  how 
Mr.  Carr  supposed  anyone  could  copy  a  meth- 
od whose  very  existence  was  known  only  to 
himself,  but  since  he  never  made  any  reply  to 
my  rejoinder  the  natural  inference  is  that  he 
came  to  the  conclusion  that  he  had  discovered 
a  mare's  nest,  and  that  he  let  it  go  at  that. 

I  write  this  long  note  not  so  much  to  show  up 
past  mistakes  as  I  do  to  request  that  if  it  should 
be  necessary  for  any  future  report  on  charging 
systems  to  refer  to  my  method,  that  the  re- 
porter will  kindly  study  the  articles  here  re- 
ferred to,  so  that  he  may  be  able  to  write  about 
it  intelligently  and  fairly.  Or,  if  that  is  asking 
too  much,  that  he  favor  me  by  a  personal  call, 
when  I  will  be  happy  to  explain  the  originality, 
accuracy,  completeness,  efficiency,  and  general 
superiority  of  my  system  of  charging  over  any 
other  yet  devised  in  this  country  for  large  public 
libraries  If  the  journey  to  the  metropolis  is  too 
great  a  hardship,  I  shall  be  glad  to  write  a  full- 
er account  of  my  method  than  has  appeared 
heretofore,  in  which  I  will  show,  by  compari- 
son with  other  syftems,  wherein  the  alleged 
superiority  of  my  plan  consists.  I  suppose  I 
have  the  same  right  to  be  original  as  any  one 
else,  and  until  there  is  a  law  passed  against  it 
I  shall  continue,  as  I  have  done  heretofore,  to 
devise  and  perfect  my  own  library  economy, 
and  leave  it  to  others  to  "improve"  methods 
already  in  use,  and  by  a  few  unimportant 
changes  pose  as  original  inventors. 

JACOB  SCHWARTZ. 

FREE  LIBRARY  GENERAL  SOCIETY  | 
OF  MECHANICS  AND  TRADESMEN,  V 
NEW  YORK  CITY,  April,  1897.  ) 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


429 


THE    PLACE   OF   BIBLIOGRAPHY  IN  THE  EQUIPMENT  OF  A  CULTIVATED   MAN. 
BY  PROF.  M.  D.   BISBEE,  Librarian  Dartmouth  College  Library, 


THERE  can  be  no  difference  of  opinion  as  to 
the  fact  that  books  are  the  principal  source  and 
means  of  culture.  Directly  or  indirectly  they  are 
almost  the  sole  means,  since  the  personal  ele- 
ment which  often  is  so  great  a  feature  in  educa- 
tion itself  must  depend  upon  this  source  for  its 
development.  Culture  is  the  accumulation  of 
mental  capital.  The  capacity  for  its  acquisition 
is  the  distinguishing  mark  of  the  human  over 
the  brute  mind.  Man  possesses  what  has  been 
called  the  "  power  of  increment."  Some- 
times an  animal  will  do  better  work  than  a  man. 
The  bee  constructs  her  honeycomb  with  an 
accuracy  that  conforms  to  the  most  exact  mathe- 
matical requirements  for  the  greatest  strength 
with  the  least  material.  No  human  work  could 
meet  the  conditions  so  perfectly,  but  the  most 
highly  developed  bees  in  the  finest  modern 
apiary  can  produce  no  more  perfect  structure 
than  those  which  gave  to  Samson  the  suggestion 
for  his  famous  riddle.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
difference  between  Mr.  Gladstone  at  work  in 
his  library  and  a  naked  savage  exercising  the 
simplest  mental  functions  is  due  to  one  superla- 
tive fact,  that  men  can  communicate  and  ac- 
cumulate thought.  Let  there  be  a  mind  dowered 
as  richly  as  Plato,  with  an  environment  as 
stimulating  as  that  of  Greece,  but,  left  in  abso- 
lute isolation,  it  would  perish  from  atrophy  as 
certainly  as  an  animal  will  die  in  a  vacuum. 
But  let  there  be  a  man  and  another  man,  or,  as 
we  suppose  it  actually  was,  a  man  and  a  wom- 
an, two  complementary  human  minds,  com- 
munication begins,  accumulation  follows,  and 
culture  has  commenced.  This  is  simple  and 
rudimentary  at  first,  but  the  results  are  pro- 
digious. All  civilization,  letters,  science,  and 
libraries  are  the  fruit  of  it,  and,  indirectly,  all 
human  progress  also. 

And  every  child  that  is  born  into  the  world 
inherits  by  simple  birthright  the  entire  mental 
estate  of  the  world,  so  far  as  he  is  able  to  take 
possession.  With  Tennyson  in  Locksley  Hall  he 
can  say  : 

"  I,  the  heir  of  all  the  ages." 

Instead  of  having  to  strike  out  anew  for  him- 
self, he  finds  a  very  well-developed  world  which 
he  is  absolutely  free  to  possess  and  to  improve. 
He  may  be  a  smaller  man  than  his  father,  but, 
as  he  is  able  to  commence  where  the  old  man 


left  off,  he  is  deserving  of  contempt  if  he  can- 
not hold  his  own  and  add  something.  He  can 
begin  his  thinking  where  Socrates  and  Kant 
left  off.  He  is 

"  owner  of  the  sphere, 
Of  the  seven  stars  and  the  solar  year, 
Of  Caesar's  hand  and  Plato's  brain, 
Of  the  Lord  Christ's  heart  and  Shakespeare's  strain.* 

Whoever  has  been  "admitted  to  the  right  of 
reason  has  been  made  a  freeman  of  the  whole 
estate.  What  Plato  has  thought,  he  may  think; 
what  a  saint  has  felt,  he  may  feel  ;  what  at 
any  time  has  befallen  any  man,  he  can  under- 
stand."! 

That  boy  will  make  a  great  mistake,  however, 
who  does  not  see  that  it  has  come  to  be  a  long 
climb  to  his  father's  shoulders,  and  that  it  is 
growing  longer.  He  must  use  the  best  ladders 
and  climb  according  to  the  best  methods.  For 
the  ladder  he  must  look  to  the  library,  and  for 
his  methods  to  bibliography.  The  open  door 
of  the  library  offers  a  free  admission  to  the  ac- 
cumulated treasures  of  the  world's  mind  and 
heart.  "College  education  is  the  reading  of 
certain  books  which  the  common  sense  of  all 
scholars  agrees  will  represent  the  science  al- 
ready accumulated,  "f  "  The  true  university  of 
these  days  is  a  collection  of  books." 

Questions  of  the  greatest  importance  remain, 
however.  Which  are  the  books  that  represent 
the  science  already  accumulated  ?  What  is  the 
best  method  of  "reading"  them?  Upon  the 
correct  answer  to  these  questions  rests  the  con- 
tinuance of  the  primacy  in  society  of  the  culti- 
vated man.  Mr.  Carlyle's  "true  university" 
is  open  to  all  now,  and  the  multitude  is  throng- 
ing in.  Unless  the  scholar  has  a  better  method 
than  the  common  people  of  selecting  books  and 
"  reading"  them,  his  primacy  is  gone.  As  it  is, 
many  a  man  and  woman  in  mature  life,  disap- 
pointed in  the  hope  of  an  education  in  youth, 
many  a  boy  and  girl,  at  the  counter  or  lathe 
all  day,  are  getting  a  better  education  through 
the  library  and  the  correspondence  school  than 
some  careless  perfunctory  college  students. 

Nowhere,  then,  is  definite  instruction  more 
needed  than  in  bibliography,  but  nowhere  is  it 
more  generally  neglected.  Mr.  Emerson  long 
ago  demanded  that  every  college  should  have  a 


*  Emerson, 


t  Ibid. 


\  Ibid. 


43° 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{September,  'g^ 


professorship  of  books  and  reading,  declaring 
that  no  chair  is  so  much  needed.  Dr.  Poole,  in 
perhaps  his  latest  public  utterance,  repeated  the 
demand,  asserting  "that  the  study  of  bibliog- 
raphy and  of  the  scientific  methods  of  using 
books  should  have  an  assured  place  in  the 
university  curriculum;  that  a  wise  and  profes- 
sional bibliographer  should  be  a  member  of  the 
faculty  and  have  a  part  in  the  training  of  all  the 
students;  that  the  library  should  be  his  class- 
room; and  that  all  who  go  forth  into  the  world 
as  graduates  should  have  such  an  intelligent 
and  practical  knowledge  of  books  as  will  aid 
them  in  their  studies  through  life,  and  the  use 
of  books  be  to  them  a  perpetual  delight  and  re- 
freshment. Books  are  wiser  than  any  professor 
and  all  the  faculty;  and  they  can  be  made  to 
give  up  much  of  their  wisdom  to  the  student 
who  knows  where  to  go  for  it  and  how  to 
extract  it. 

"  I  do  not  mean  that  the  university  student 
should  learn  the  contents  of  the  most  useful 
books;  but  I  do  mean  that  he  should  know  of 
their  existence,  what  they  treat  of,  and  what 
they  will  do  for  him.  He  should  know  what  are 
the  most  important  general  reference-books 
which  will  answer  not  only  his  own  questions, 
but  the  multitude  of  inquiries  put  to  him  by 
less  favored  associates  who  regard  him  as  an 
educated  man.  The  words  Watt,  Larousse, 
Graesse,  Querard,  Hoefer,  Kayser,  Hinrichs, 
Meyer,  Hain,  and  Vapereau  should  not  be  un- 
meaning sounds  to  him.  He  should  know  the 
standard  writers  on  a  large  variety  of  subjects. 
He  should  be  familiar  with  the  best  methods 
by  which  the  original  investigation  of  any  topic 
may  be  carried  on.  When  he  has  found  it  he 
appreciates,  perhaps  for  the  first  time,  what 
books  are  for  and  how  to  use  them.  He  finds 
himself  a  professional  literary  or  scientific  work- 
er, and  that  books  are  the  tools  of  his  profession. 

"  No  person  has  any  claim  to  be  a  scholar  until 
he  can  conduct  such  an  original  investigation 
with  ease  and  pleasure.  This  facile  proficiency 
does  not  come  by  intuition,  nor  from  the  clouds- 
Where  else  is  it  to  be  taught,  if  not  in  the 
college  or  university  ?  With  it  a  graduate  is 
prepared  to  grapple  with  his  professional  studies, 
to  succeed  in  editorial  work,  or  in  any  literary 
or  scientific  pursuit  for  which  he  may  have  the 
taste  and  qualification."* 

But  little  attention  has  yet  been  given  to  this 
call.  We  study  the  origin,  transmission,  and 


*  "  The  university  library  and  the  university  curriculum." 


survival  of  minerals,  vegetables,  animals,  and 
the  institutions  of  society  ;  we  study  the  de- 
velopment of  language,  commerce,  and  finance, 
the  movements  of  armies  and  navies;  but  that 
which  makes  all  this  study  possible,  that  which 
contains  the  record  of  human  effort  and  fur- 
nishes the  stairway  for  further  progress,  we 
leave  to  take  care  of  itself. 

The  candidate  for  liberal  culture  is  embar- 
rassed by  the  enormous  size  of  the  great  collection 
of  books.  Of  the  number  of  volumes  from 
which  a  modern  student  must  make  his  selection 
a  good  example  is  furnished  by  the  library  of 
the  British  Museum.  This  single  collection 
now  numbers  nearly  2,000,000,  and  requires 
about  60  miles  of  shelving.  The  catalog,  includ- 
ing cross-references,  contains  nearly  3,000,000 
titles,  and  requires  600  volumes.  The  an- 
nual additions  are  about  60,000.  How  this 
growth  is  to  be  managed  is  a  serious  question. 
Mr.  Gladstone  would  seem  to  be  justified  in  the 
fear  he  is  reported  to  have  expressed  that  the 
English  people  are  in  danger  of  being  crowded 
into  the  sea  by  great  libraries.  And  this  is  not 
the  largest  collection  in  the  world.  The  Biblio- 
theque  Nationaleat  Paris  is  considerably  larger; 
indeed,  no  one  knows  how  large  it  is. 

More  than  5000  new  works  are  issued  annual- 
ly in  England,  and  double  that  number  in 
France  and  Germany.  Of  course  we  have  no 
such  embarrassments  of  riches  in  this  country, 
but  the  Boston  Public  Library  has  upwards 
of  600,000  volumes,  while  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress has  at  least  100,000  more.  Now,  what 
could  be  more  helpless  than  a  man  turned 
loose  in  one  of  these  vast  store-houses  and  left 
to  his  own  resources  ? 

A  second  embarrassment  to  the  student  arises 
from  the  larger  use  made  of  books  in  modern 
methods  of  investigation  and  instruction.  The 
day  of  the  single  text-book  is  over.  The  time 
is  long  past  when  any  educational  institution 
can  maintain  its  position  and  presume  to  teach 
physics,  chemistry,  or  biology  without  labora- 
tories and  laboratory  methods.  The  time  has 
fully  come  when  no  respectable  institution 
thinks  of  teaching  history,  economics,  litera- 
ture, almost  anything  in  fact,  without  depart- 
mental libraries  and  seminary  methods. 

The  departmental  library,  as  its  name  indi- 
cates, is  a  small  collection  of  books  pertaining 
to  the  work  of  a  particular  department,  and 
located  most  conveniently  for  its  use.  Usually,  it 
consists  in  part  of  books  withdrawn  from  the 
central  library  during  the  progress  of  a  particu- 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


431 


lar  course.  Generally  it  is  located  near  the 
lecture-room  of  the  department,  and  each  mem- 
ber of  the  division  has  a  key  and  free  access  to 
the  room  during  the  day  and  evening,  with 
such  supervision  and  assistance  as  the  in- 
structor may  choose  to  give.  A  better  location 
would  be  in  special  rooms  in  the  central  library 
building,  where  the  general  reference  and 
stack  rooms  also  would  be  available. 

Dr.  Winsor,  the  learned  librarian  of  Harvard 
University,  appears  to  think  that  this  method 
of  work  originated  with  him  at  a  date  quite  re- 
cent. He  would  be  surprised  to  learn  that  as 
early  as  1825  a  library  of  this  nature  was  insti- 
tuted in  Dartmouth  College  by  a  few  students 
enthusiastic  in  their  devotion  to  the  classic  lan- 
guages and  literature.  Among  them  were  Al- 
pheus  Crosby  and  others  who  became  eminent 
scholars.  I  never  have  been  able  to  under- 
stand why  so  excellent  an  invention  was  al- 
lowed to  slumber.  Since  it  was  instituted  at 
Harvard  its  progress  there  and  elsewhere  has 
been  rapid,  and  there  is  no  danger  that  it  ever 
will  go  out  of  use  again. 

The  seminar,  or  seminary,  refers  more  espe- 
cially to  a  particular  method  of  the  use  of  books 
in  the  investigation  of  a  subject.  It  originated 
some  60  years  ago  in  the  University  of  Berlin, 
where  Leopold  von  Ranke,  the  great  historian, 
sought  to  interest  a  few  of  his  most  promising 
pupils  in  better  methods  of  historical  investiga- 
tion. His  success  was  such  that  these  pupils 
became  the  professors  of  history  for  the  next 
generation,  and  instituted  the  magic  "  seminar  " 
wherever  they  went.  The  principle  of  the  meth- 
od now  is  universally  accepted,  but  its  applica- 
tion varies  according  to  the  idiosyncrasies  of 
different  professors.  In  general,  as  outlined  by 
Prof.  Emerton,  it  consists  of  a  careful  and  ex- 
haustive study  upon  some  well-defined  point, 
using  original  materials  as  far  as  possible.  The 
topics  are  assigned  individually  at  the  opening 
of  the  course,  and  all  available  material  is 
collected,  sifted,  and  thoroughly  systematized. 
The  results  are  embodied  in  a  carefully-written 
thesis  to  be  read  before  the  class,  criticised  by 
some  one  specially  appointed,  by  the  division 
generally,  and,  of  course,  by  the  instructor. 
For  this  work,  the  largest  library  resources  are 
essential,  including  pamphlets,  newspapers,  and 
manuscripts.  One  such  piece  of  work,  well 
done,  will  give  a  man  a  knowledge  of  books 
which  he  could  get  in  no  other  way,  and  enable 
him  to  conduct  an  original  investigation  with 
profit  and  pleasure.  Many  mistakes  have  been 


made  in  attempting  to  use  these  methods 
where  they  are  not  applicable.  Neither  the 
departmental  library  nor  the  seminary  are 
adapted  to  undergraduate  work,  with  large  divi- 
sions in  required  subjects,  but  in  small  elective 
divisions,  and  especially  in  graduate  courses,  no 
other,  methods  are  to  be  tolerated. 

The  difficulty  of  finding  adequate  material 
for  such  work  is  much  greater  than  would  be 
supposed.  It  was  said  some  years  ago  that  the 
materials  for  the  thorough  study  of  the  "  New 
England  primer  "  did  not  exist  in  this  country. 
Even  the  British  Museum  does  not  contain 
much  more  than  half  of  the  books  that  have 
appeared  in  English,  and  it  is  stated  upon  the 
highest  authority  that  for  the  investigation  of 
but  few  subjects  does  it  furnish  more  than  half 
of  the  desired  material. 

Scarcely  less  embarrassing  to  the  cultivated 
man  is  his  relation  to  current  thought.  He 
must  have  the  latest  information,  but  with  the 
Library  of  Congress  receiving  from  40,000  to 
50,000  accessions  a  year  from  copyright  alone, 
with  the  perpetual  inundation  of  books,  maga- 
zines, pamphlets,  and  papers,  the  question  of 
dealing  with  the  present  is  sufficiently  trouble- 
some without  reference  to  the  past. 

What,  then,  is  the  remedy?  First,  of  course, 
specialization.  The  day  of  the  universal  schol- 
ar is  passed,  and,  I  sometimes  fear,  that  of 
general  culture  also.  One  must  choose  his 
specialty  early  and  concentrate  upon  it  intensely. 
Still,  one  will  make  a  mistake  if  he  does  not 
reserve  a  part  of  himself  for  general  culture, 
especially  in  current  thought.  The  specialist 
is  always  in  danger  of  becoming  a  hobbyist, 
and  special  knowledge,  to  be  of  highest  use, 
must  keep  in  touch  with  general  knowledge. 

In  both  fields,  however,  the  assistance  of 
bibliography  is  essential.  The  rapid  growth 
and  development  of  this  comparatively  new 
science  is  phenomenal  and  most  gratifying. 

The  first  of  these  aids  is  the  catalog.  Com- 
mencing probably  with  a  mere  list  of  titles,  it 
has  developed  into  the  exhaustive  index  and 
dictionary.  A  student  would  find  little  comfort 
in  being  confronted  with  2,000,000  titles.  If 
life  did  not  end  before  he  had  run  through 
them,  at  least  his  subject  would  be  out  of  date 
and,  in  the  meantime,  the  avalanche  of  new 
titles  is  burying  him  deeper  and  deeper.  Hence 
he  welcomes  the  assistance  rendered  by  classi- 
fication, whereby  the  books  on  different  subjects 
are  arranged  and  cataloged  by  themselves.  But, 
so  far  as  the  catalog  is  concerned,  his  trials  are 


432 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Septcmber,  '97 


not  yet  over,  because  so  many  titles  are  mis- 
leading. If  his  subject  is  "bibliology,"  or 
"co-education,"  he  will  be  very  likely  to  pass 
over  Mr.  Ruskin's  exquisite  little  book,  "Ses- 
ame and  lilies,"  and  thereby  make  a  great  mis- 
take. Costly  omissions  are  likely  to  occur  with 
such  titles  as  "Obiter  dicta,"  "Over  the  tea- 
cups," and  many  others.  Hence  the  need  of 
another  device  known  as  the  "subject  catalog," 
including  all  matter  on  a  subject  whatever  be 
the  title.  But  often  the  most  important  matter 
is  contained  in  some  part  of  a  book,  in  the  pam- 
phlet of  a  learned  society,  or  a  periodical,  which 
makes  the  most  useful  device  of  all  the  "in- 
dex" or  "dictionary  catalog,"  which  aims  to 
include  in  one  alphabetical  list  references  to  all 
available  matter.  Among  the  more  conspicu- 
ous examples  of  this  class  are  the  catalogs  of 
the  Boston  Athenaeum,  the  Peabody  Institute, 
and  the  Library  of  the  Surgeon  -  General's 
Office. 

No  single  work  of  this  kind,  however,  can  be 
universal  in  its  scope,  much  less  kept  up  to  date, 
which  makes  it  necessary  that  there  should 
be  provided  an  indefinite  number  of  specific 
works  of  this  kind,  generally  called  bibliogra- 
phies. These  already  are  numerous,  and 
becoming  more  so  every  day,  so  that  a  bibliog- 
raphy of  bibliographies  will  soon  be  necessary. 
For  old  and  rare  books  the  cultivated  man,  and 
especially  the  book  fancier,  must  have  recourse 


to  the  great  standards,  Brunei,  Graesse,  and 
Lowndes,  and  the  more  important  sale  cata- 
logs. For  periodical  literature  "  Poole's  index" 
must  be  within  easy  reach. 

It  is  important  also  to  know  the  location  and 
contents  of  the  more  important  special  collec- 
tions, like  the  Ticknor  on  Spanish  literature, 
and  the  Barton  on  Shakespeare  in  the  Boston 
Public  Library  ;  those  on  the  French  Revolution 
and  Dante  at  Cornell  ;  the  Harris  collection  on 
American  poetry  at  Brown  University ;  the 
Marsh  collection  at  the  University  of  Vermont  ; 
the  collections  on  music  at  the  Newberry  Li- 
brary in  Chicago,  and  those  on  Shelley  and 
Dante  at  Harvard. 

Valuable  bibliographies  are  appearing  also  on 
individuals  like  Browning  and  Whittier  ;  upon 
the  literature  of  commonwealths,  like  Maine 
and  Wisconsin  ;  upon  particular  sciences,  like 
chemistry,  meteorology,  and  sociology. 

Finally,  it  is  essential  to  know  where  to  find 
authoritative  information  as  to  the  quality  of 
new  books.  The  difference  between  an  adver- 
tising puff,  or  the  blind  praise  of  a  callow  igno- 
ramus, who  writes  to  secure  another  volume 
from  its  publisher,  and  the  work  of  a  qualified 
reviewer  in  a  journal  like  the  Athenaum,  whose 
word  can  give  success  or  damn  forever,  must 
be  clearly  understood.  With  such  an  equip- 
ment, faithfully  used,  the  primacy  of  the  culti- 
vated man  is  safe. 


CORPORATE  ENTRY  :   FURTHER  CONSIDERATIONS. 
I.  —  BY   CHARLES    A.   CUTTER,    Forbes  Library,  Northampton,  Mass. 


WHEN  Mr.  Fletcher  published  in  the  Novem- 
ber, 1896,  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  his 
objections  to  the  practice  of  "corporate  author- 
ship "  entry  in  cataloging  I  was  too  busy  to 
state  the  reasons  for  my  disagreement.  I  find 
now  that  silence  is  supposed  to  have  given 
assent.  Because  I  did  not  oppose  I  am  thought 
to  have  accepted  his  amendment  to  the  "  Rules 
for  a  dictionary  catalogue." 

I  cannot  allow  the  matter  to  rest  so,  although  I 
find  on  examination  that  the  practical  difference 
between  us  is  not  of  so  great  importance  as  one 
might  suppose.  In  statement  our  principles 
are  radically  different,  but  by  adjustments  on 
his  side  and  exceptions  on  mine  our  practices 
would  not  be  far  apart. 

I  adhere  unreservedly  to  the  principle  of 
corporate  authorship  as  stated  in  the  Rules  (jd 


ed.,  p.  27-33),  although  I  still  feel  the  difficulty 
of  choosing  among  the  various  ways  of  carry- 
ing out  that  principle  in  regard  to  the  names  of 
societies.  In  regard  to  government  publica- 
tions there  are  no  such  difficulties.  In  other 
words,  I  think  the  American  practice  of  regard- 
ing bodies  of  men  as  the  authors  of  their  own 
journals,  proceedings,  etc.,  and  as  collecting- 
editors  of  the  collections  issued  by  them  is 
preferable  to  the  German  practice  of  dispersing 
these  works  throughout  the  alphabet  under  the 
noun  which  happens  to  be  first  in  the  title. 

The  American  way  is  preferable  for  two  rea- 
sons :  first,  because  as  a  matter  of  fact  these 
bodies  are  the  authors  not  only  of  their  own 
proceedings  but  also  of  their  collections  regard- 
ed as  a  whole;  secondly,  because  as  a  matter  of 
convenience,  both  in  the  enlargement  of  the  It- 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


433 


brary  and  in  the  service  of  the  public,  it  is  better 
that  all  the  books  connected  with  the  name  of  a 
society  or  government  should  be  brought  to- 
gether in  one  place.  It  is  true  that  in  a  dic- 
tionary catalog  this  may  be  accomplished  more 
or  less  inappropriately  by  entry  under  the  name 
of  the  society  as  a  subject;  but  in  an  author 
catalog  it  does  not  come  about  at  all.  If  you 
want  to  find  in  Kayser's  list  of  the  books  pub- 
lished in  Germany  in  the  last  five  years  «//the 
publications  of  a  German  learned  body  you 
must  look  under  Abhandlungen,  Almanach, 
Annalen,  Arbeiten,  Archiv,  Aufsatze,  Beitrage, 
Bericht,  Bibliothek,  Bulletin,  Centralblatt,  Cor- 
respondenzblatt,  Ephemeriden,  Erlaiiterungen, 
Jahrbuch,  Jahresbericht,  Journal,  Kalender, 
Magazin,  Memoiren,  Mittheilungen,  Monats- 
blatt,  Nachrichten,  Preisschrift,  Programm, 
Publicationen,  Repertorium,  Resultate,  Samm- 
lung,  Schriften,  Sitzungsberichte,  Studien,  Tage- 
blatt,  Tagebuch,  Uebersicht,  Verzeichniss, 
Versammlungen,  Vierteljahrschrift,  Vorlesun- 
gen,  and  Zeitschrift,  because  the  works  may 
be  under  any  one  of  these,  and  if  by  racking 
your  brain  you  remember  all  of  them  and  have 
patience  to  look  them  all  up,  you  yet  are  not 
sure  that  there  is  not  something  important 
hidden  away  under  some  other  word  which  you 
may  think  of  when  it  is  too  late  —  Verhand- 
lungen,  for  instance. 

But  I  find  that  Mr.  Fletcher,  although  he  says 
"  Every  year  that  I  use  the  German  system  as 
to  corporate  entries  strengthens  my  feeling  that 
it  is  the  only  sensible  and  satisfactory  plan," 
does  not  follow  the  German  plan  at  all.  He  en- 
ters, not  under  PROCEEDINGS  of  the  Royal  So- 
ciety, but  under  ROYAL  SOCIETY,  Proceedings 
of,  as  a  title  entry.  That  is  to  say  he  takes  the 
name  of  the  society  as  it  happens  to  appear  on 
the  title-page  and  inverts  the  title,  so  as  to  get 
it  first.  If  it  appears  as  Academia  Caesaro- 
Leopoldina,  that  work  will  be  entered  under 
Academia;  if  in  another  work  the  same  society 
appears  as  Kaiserliche-Konigliche  Akad.  d. 
Wissenschaften,  that  work  will  be  entered  under 
Kaiserliche.  One  German  academy  would  nec- 
essarily appear  under  (i)  ACADEMIE  Royale  for 
its  early  "  Memoires,"  when  the  French  influence 
prevailed  in  Germany,  (2)  KONIGLICHE  Akade- 
mie  for  later  works,  and  (3)  ACADEMIA  Litte- 
rarum  Regia  for  one  of  its  longest  and  most  im- 
portant publications.  Of  course  you  can  partly 
get  over  this  objectionable  dispersion  of  works 
that  ought  to  be  entered  together  by  putting  all 
societies  first  under  the  name  of  the  place  where 


their  headquarters  are,  but  even  then  in  those 
cities  where  there  are  many  societies  there  will 
be  a  certain  amount  of  mixing  up  of  different 
ones  and  tearing  apart  the  works  of  those  which 
have  put  their  names  in  different  languages  or 
in  different  forms  on  the  title-page  ;  and  if  this 
is  avoided  by  adopting  one  form  for  all,  what  is 
that  but  an  abandonment  of  the  title-entry  idea 
and  a  return  to  author  entry  ?  It  appears  to  me 
much  like  going  out  of  the  front  door  with  a 
nourish  of  trumpets  —  a  German  horn  in  this 
case  —  and  running  round  to  go  in  at  the  back 
door. 

So  much  for  societies.  Government  publica- 
tions fall  into  two  classes  —  onymous  and  anon- 
ymous. As  to  the  first,  the  Rules  as  well 
as  Mr.  Fletcher,  catalog  all  works  which 
have  an  author  under  his  name.  But  the 
Rules  direct  that  if  issued  by  the  government 
they  should  also  appear  either  in  full  or  by  a 
reference,  according  to  circumstances,  under  the 
department  of  government  which  issues  them. 
A  small  library  may  very  well  omit  this,  that  is 
one  of  the  many  economies  which  are  permissi- 
ble to  small  libraries  ;  but  no  large  library  is 
well  cataloged  unless  it  has  lists  (at  least  by 
reference)  of  all  the  works  for  which  each  de- 
partment has  made  itself  responsible. 

As  to  the  second  class,  the  anonymous  issues, 
I  cannot  see  the  advantage  of  entering  them 
under  the  first  word.  Either  (i)  they  are  the 
journals,  reports,  etc.,  of  which  even  Mr. 
Fletcher  allows  that  the  government  is  the 
author  and  puts  them  (unlike  the  Germans) 
under  the  country,  or  (2)  they  relate  to  the 
country,  in  which  case  Mr.  Fletcher  puts  them 
also  under  the  country,  but  in  a  subject  division 
and  not  under  the  department,  or  (3)  they  do 
not  relate  to  the  country.  As  to  (i)  we  agree; 
as  to  (2)  I  have  no  objection  whatever  to  full 
entry  under  a  country-subject  heading  alone, 
provided  there  is  entry  by  reference  under  the 
name  of  the  department.  In  the  example 
which  Mr.  Fletcher  quoted  from  the  Athenaeum 
catalog  the  full  entry  was  under  the  department 
and  the  reference  under  the  subject.  It  makes 
very  little  difference,  as  the  two  entries  must 
come  within  a  few  pages  of  each  other. 
When  they  come  on  the  same  page  the  refer- 
ence is  perhaps  unnecessary.  The  best  place 
for  the  full  entry  depends  on  the  object  of  the 
catalog. 

There  remains  only  (3)  the  few  anonymous 
works  published  by  a  department  which  do  not 
relate  to  the  country.  Whether  or  not  they 


434 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\September,  '97 


ought  to  be  entered  under  the  first  word  like 
any  other  anonymous  work,  it  seems  to  me  that 
there  should  be  an  entry  under  the  department, 
which  even  more  than  in  the  case  of  works 
issued  with  their  authors'  names,  must  be  sup- 
posed to  adopt  the  opinions  of  the  work  and 
assume  responsibility  for  it. 

Before  the  Rules  were  made  catalogs  seemed 
to  me  to  be  somewhat  chaotic  collections  of  em- 
pirical entries.  I  tried  to  find  a  few  simple 
principles  around  which  all  desirable  practices 
could  be  grouped.  One  of  those  principles  is 
corporate  authorship  and  editorship.  I  have  as 
yet  seen  nothing  to  convince  me  that  it  is  not  a 
good  one,  since  it  corresponds  to  fact,  inasmuch 
as  societies  are  the  authors  of  their  proceed- 
ings and  the  collectors  of  their  series;  it  is  con- 
venient in  practice  for  complete  cataloging;  and 
for  incomplete  cataloging  it  admits  of  econo- 
mies which  produce  all  the  effects  of  Mr.  Fletch- 
er's rejection  of  the  principle  with  none  of  the 
disadvantages  of  his  method. 

II.  —  BY  EDITH  E.  CLARKE,  Public  Documents 
Library,  Washington,  D.  C. 

In  an  article  on  Corporate  Entry  in  the  LI- 
BRARY JOURNAL  for  November,  1896,  Mr. 
Fletcher,  with  his  usual  keen  intellect,  points 
out  a  weak  spot  in  the  catalog  of  the  Boston 
Athenaeum  Library,  usually  accepted  as  the  ex- 
ponent of  Cutter's  "  Rules  fora  dictionary  cata- 
log." But,  unfortunately,  the  remedy  which 
he  proposes  for  this  defect  is  itself  objection- 
able, and  the  directions  which  he  gives  in  this 
article  are  liable  to  lead  the  inexperienced  cata- 
loger  into  devious  ways  and  involve  the  catalog 
in  great  confusion. 

The  fault  itself  is  one  which  can  be  very  sim- 
ply adjusted,  but  it  becomes  more  detrimental 
in  the  card  catalog  than  in  print.  Mr.  Fletcher 
says  there  result  "confusion  and  reduplication 
of  entries,  if  the  corporate  authorship  idea  is 
allowed  to  prevail."  He  cites  as  examples  of 
this  "confusion  and  reduplication  of  entries" 
the  entries  under  Massachusetts.  "  There  are 
10  pages  of  '  Mass,  as  author '  and  5  pages  of 
'  Mass,  as  subject.'  In  the  first  section  we  find 
the  subheading  '  Board  of  Education '  with 
entries  for  the  different  sets  of  educational  re- 
ports of  Massachusetts.  In  the  second  section 
we  have  again  the  heading  '  Education '  [in 
Mass,  as  a  subject],  but  the  reports  .  .  .  are 
not  entered  under  this  heading." 

The  "  confusion  and  reduplication  "  here  are 
caused  by  the  arrangement,  by  the  separation 


of  the  subheadings  under  Massachusetts  into 
an  author  group  and  a  subject  group.  I  trust 
the  following  method  of  avoiding  this  may 
commend  itself  to  the  use  of  librarians.  Let 
there  be  but  one  alphabet  of  subheadings. 
EDUCATION  should  be  the  subheading  for  the 
publications  both  of  the  Massachusetts  Board 
of  Education  and  of  personal  authors.  The  in- 
formation that  the  Massachusetts  Board  of 
Education  is  the  corporate  author  of  certain  of 
these  works  need  not  be  omitted.  It  may 
either  be  included  as  part  of  the  title,  as,  "  Re- 
port of  the  Board  of  Education  of  Massachu- 
setts," or,  where  the  title  does  not  easily  allow 
that,  it  may  be  added,  enclosed  in  parenthe- 
ses, at  the  end  of  title  and  imprint,  thus:  (Mas- 
sachusetts Board  of  Education.)  An  example 
in  detail  of  this  combination  of  author,  subject, 
and  even  catchword  subheadings  may  be  seen 
in  the  "Document  catalogue  of  the  53d  Con- 
gress," issued  by  the  Superintendent  of  Docu- 
ments, under  the  heading  DISTRICT  OF  CO- 
LUMBIA. 

It  is  remarkable  that  Mr.  Fletcher's  practice 
seems  to  be  exactly  identical  with  that  of  this 
example,  if  one  may  judge  from  his  own  de- 
scription. He  says  :  "  Our  catalog  exhibits 
the  U.  S.  documents  as  well  as  books  of  any 
kind  relative  to  the  U.  S.,  entered  under  the 
U.  S.,  with  subheadings  of  which  the  following 
is  a  partial  list:  Agriculture,  Army,  Atlases, 
Attorney-General,  Banking.  ..."  But  these 
entries,  although  admirable,  are  decidedly  not 
instances  of  following  Dziatzko's  rule, which  he 
states  in  the  preceding  paragraph  that  he  fol- 
lows. I  rather  suspect  that  Mr.  Fletcher  sub- 
stitutes these  "sometimes  subject,  sometimes 
series "  entries  under  countries  of  which  he 
gives  examples  for  the  anonymous  title  entry 
which  his  rule  requires. 

"  Dziatzko  .  .  .  considers  all  works  issued  by 
corporate  bodies  as  anonymous  for  the  purposes 
of  entry."  Anonymous  entry  is  always  title 
entry,  and  it  must  be  remembered  that  with  the 
Germans  and  British  title  entry  differs  from  the 
American  title  entry,  and  is  not  under  the  first 
word,  but  under  the  chief  subject  word  of  the 
title,  inverting  the  title  to  bring  that  word  first. 
Thus  the  "  25th  annual  list  of  merchant  vessels 
of  the  United  States,"  issued  by  the  U.  S.  Bu- 
reau of  Navigation,  would  be  entered  by  the 
German  catalogs  as  "  Merchant  vessels  of  the 
United  States,  25th  annual  list  of,"  ignoring  its 
being  prepared  in  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Naviga- 
tion. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


435 


Catchword  title  entry  —  and  that  is  all  that 
title  entry  ever  is,  a  catchword  —  is  the  most 
treacherous  thing  in  the  world,  for  it  is  restrict- 
ed to  the  use  of  words  actually  appearing  on  the 
title-page.  It  lands  you  in  the  most  unforeseen 
predicaments.  It  would  put  a  book  translated 
into  40  different  languages  in  40  different  places 
in  the  catalog.  As  an  added  entry  it  may  be 
used  ad  libitum,  but  it  should  not  be  depended 
on  for  fulfilling  any  but  a  single  one  of  the  aims 
of  a  catalog,  that,  namely,  of  finding  a  special 
book.  A  catalog  should  do  more  than  this  one 
thing.  Knowing  the  shape  and  size  of  the  bottle 
you  want,  you  can  go  to  the  cupboard  and 
quickly  select  the  one  desired  from  a  great 
variety  all  huddled  together  on  the  shelf.  But 
your  cupboard  would  better  have  all  the  medi- 
cines and  the  like  on  one  side,  and  all  the  jam 
and  preserves  on  the  other,  so  that  you  may 
readily  see  how  many  jars  of  jam  you  have  on 
hand.  So  a  catalog  is  not  a  satisfactory  register 
of  the  contents  of  a  library  unless,  so  far  as  it 
goes,  no  matter  what  is  omitted  for  economy, 
it  puts  all  the  works  of  an  author  together,  all 
the  books  on  a  certain  subject  under  one  se- 
lected caption  for  that  subject,  all  the  publica- 
tions of  a  society  or  corporate  body  under  one 
entry  for  that  society  or  corporate  body,  not 
scattering  them  all  over  in  different  places. 
Economy  may  demand  references,  instead  of  en- 
tries, and  convenience  may  require  differing  ar- 
rangements of  the  information  contained  in  the 
entry  such  as  I  described  at  the  beginning  of  this 
paper.  But  order  must  be  preserved,  and  this 
can  never  be  done  by  depending  on  title  entry. 

Title  entry,  when  inverted,  is  objectionable 
because  it  dislocates  the  order  of  the  phrase 
forming  the  title.  Any  kind  of  title  entry  is  ob- 
jectionable typographically  in  a  printed  cata- 
log, because  it  forces  the  leading  word  to  be 
repeated  in  each  entry,  instead  of  repetition 
being  indicated  by  indention  or  dashes. 

House  of  the  seven  gables. 
House  that  Jack  built. 

These  are  genuine  added  title  entries.  They 
do  not  aim  to  supplant  either  an  author  or  sub- 
ject entry,  and  are  unobjectionable  on  that  ac- 
count. But  — 

Horse,  Methods  of  breaking  in  the ;  by  John  Smith. 
Horse,  Tales  of  a  ;  by  William  Jones. 


would  be  much  better  written: 
HORSE. 

Jones,  William.    Tales  of  a  horse. 

Smith,  John.    Methods  of  breaking  in  the  horse. 

Similarly, 

Smithsonian  contributions  to  knowledge. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Account  of  the. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  Annual  report  of  the. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  List  of  the  publications  of 

the. 
Smithsonian  miscellaneous  collections. 

would  be  better  arranged  thus: 
SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION. 

Account  of  the  Institution. 

Annual  report. 

List  of  publications. 

Smithsonian  contributions  to  knowledge. 

Smithsonian  miscellaneous  collections. 

Cutter's  5th  plan  for  corporate  entry,  which 
he  says  he  himself  thinks  is  the  best,  was  used 
by  me  in  the  Columbia  College  Library  and  the 
Newberry  Library  catalogs  with  perfect  satis- 
faction. And  I  frequently  regretted,  as  I  used 
the  British  Museum  catalog  of  academies,  and 
Bolton's  and  Scudder's  bibliographies  of  so- 
ciety publications,  that  they  should  have  adopt- 
ed the  old-time  custom  of  entering  societies 
under  the  place.  When,  on  coming  to  the  Pub- 
lic Documents  Library,  I  was  confronted  with 
the  customary  "  Letter  from  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  transmitting  a  copy  of  the  report 
of  the  government  directors  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railway  Company  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1894,"  I  at  first  thought,  in  the 
midst  of  these  perplexities  Cutter's  rules  will 
not  direct  me.  But  closer  consideration  con- 
vinced me  that  here  also  the  golden  principle, 
"  Bodies  of  men  are  to  be  considered  as  authors 
of  works  published  in  their  name  or  by  their 
authority  "  was  the  only  clue  to  the  labyrinth. 

The  staff  of  the  Public  Documents  Library 
could  not  shelve,  catalog,  nor  refer  with  any 
accuracy  to  the  government  publications  in 
their  charge  did  they  not  hold  fast  to  the  cardi- 
nal principle  above  enunciated.  With  Cutter's 
rule  for  corporate  entry  as  a  guiding  star  and 
the  table  of  "  Governmental  authors  "  appended 
to  the  "Document  catalogue  of  the  53d  Con- 
gress "  as  a  pilgrim  staff,  catalogers  will  find 
the  labyrinth  of  public  documents  a  plain  and 
easy  road  to  travel. 


436 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


BOOKS  FOR  MOTHERS'  CLUBS. 


BY  LINDA  A.   EASTMAN,    Cleveland  (0.)  Public  Library. 


A  PROMISING  adjunct  to  the  system  of 
public  education  lies  in  the  Mothers'  Clubs, 
which  of  late  have  begun  to  do  a  good  work. 
The  Mothers'  Club  idea  is  rife  with  possi- 
bilities for  good,  and  nowhere  more  so  than 
in  connection  with  the  public  schools.  By 
bringing  parents  and  teachers  into  closer  touch 
and  sympathy,  by  bringing  together  the  moth- 
ers whose  children  are  associated  daily  in 
school-room  and  play-ground,  and,  most  of  all, 
by  arousing  the  mothers  to  a  serious  interest  in 
child  study,  with  reference  to  the  nature  and 
needs  of  their  own  children,  the  Mothers'  Club 
is  proving  its  worth  so  fully  that  its  friends  are 
longing  to  see  the  time  when  the  monthly  moth- 
ers' meeting  shall  be  a  regular  thing  in  every 
school-house  in  the  land. 

Three  years  ago,  in  one  of  the  outlying  dis- 
tricts of  Cleveland,  the  doubtful  experiment  of 
a  mothers'  meeting  in  connection  with  the  public 
school  was  tried,  an  experiment  which  was 
looked  at  askance  by  most  of  the  teachers  of 
the  city,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  it  was  working 
successfully  elsewhere.  The  mothers  of  the 
district  are  the  wives  of  workingmen,  largely 
German  and  Irish  by  birth  or  descent,  who, 
like  their  few  American  neighbors,  have  had  no 
advantages  in  the  way  of  education  ;  there  is 
probably  not  a  college-bred  woman  among 
them,  and  very  few  who  were  ever  inside  of  a 
high  school.  It  was  a  difficult  place  in  which 
to  begin  with  a  Mothers'  Club,  but  the  teachers 
were  earnest  and  tactful,  and  the  meetings 
grew  and  flourished. 

Last  year  an  adjoining  district  adopted  the 
plan,  and  the  Public  Library  was  looked  to  for 
co-operation  in  the  work  ;  to  one  of  these  dis- 
tricts a  selection  of  108  books  was  sent  for  the 
use  of  the  mothers,  to  the  other  36,  the  princi- 
pals taking  the  responsibility  for  their  care  and 
issue. 

One  meeting  of  the  Mothers'  Club  was  de- 
voted to  the  questions,  What  shall  I  read  ?  and 
What  shall  my  child  read  ?,  and  a  member  of  the 
library  staff  gave  a  simple,  informal  talk  on  the 
power  of  books  as  a  factor  in  the  home  life.  It 
was  a  touching  sight,  that  school-room  crowded 
with  women  —  some  of  them  with  the  little  ones 
that  could  not  be  left  alone  at  home,  one  mother 
at  the  back  of  the  room  with  her  baby,  where  she 
could  pace  the  floor  to  keep  it  quiet  —  listening, 


for  the  most  part,  with  an  interest  so  intense  as 
to  be  almost  painful  ;  and  afterward  to  see 
them  waiting  in  the  gathering  twilight  to  get  a 
book  and  then  hurry  off  home  lest  the  supper 
be  belated  !  For  the  most  part  they  chose  the 
books  which  had  been  especially  mentioned  in 
the  talk,  for  they  need  direction,  some  of  them, 
almost  as  much  as  the  children  do. 

The  books  sent  them  were  simple  and  practi- 
cal books  on  the  care  and  training  of  children, 
household  economy  and  sanitation,  home  nurs- 
ing, family  ethics,  house  planning,  flower  gar- 
dening, some  sweet,  wholesome  stories  of  home 
life,  and  a  little  choice  miscellany  in  the  shape 
of  poetry,  history,  and  a  bright  book  of  biogra- 
phy or  travel.  They  included,  among  others, 
the  following  books: 

Abel  —  Sanitary  and  economic  cooking. 

Anders  —  House  plants  as  sanitary  agents. 

Baby  John. 

Beebe  —  Home  occupations  for  little  children. 

Bellows  —  How  not  to  be  sick. 

Benton  —  Home  nursing. 

Blow  and  Elliott  —  Mottoes  and  commentaries 
of  Froebel's  mother  plays. 

Campbell  —  Easiest  way  in  housekeeping. 

Colin  and  Sheldon  —  Everybody's  book  of 
correct  conduct. 

Dewey  —  How  to  teach  manners. 

Dodge  —  Nursery  noonings. 

Du  Bois  —  Beckonings  from  little  hands. 

Gibson  —  Convenient  houses. 

Harrison  —  Study  of  child  nature. 

Holt  —  Care  and  feeding  of  children. 

Jackson  —  Bits  of  talk  on  home  matters. 

Jacobi  —  Infant  diet. 

Lewis  —  Our  girls. 

Mulock  — His  little  mother. 

Parental  don'ts. 

Paull  —  Seed  thoughts  for  mothers. 

Perez  —  First  three  years  of  childhood. 

Plunkett  —  Women,  plumbers,  and  doctors. 

Sherriff  —  Kindergarten  at  home. 

Starr  —  Hygiene  of  the  nursery. 

Starrett  —  Letters  to  elder  daughters. 

Stowe  —  House  and  home  papers. 

Terhune  —  Common  sense  in  the  household. 

Trumbull  —  Hints  on  child  training. 

Wiggin  —  Children's  rights. 

Winterburn  —  Nursery  ethics. 

Williams,  ed.  —  Window  gardening. 

A  little  list  of  the  books  was  printed  for  distri- 
bution throughout  the  district,  in  order  that  the 
mothers  might  select  their  books  without  having 
to  go  themselves  to  the  school  building  for  them, 
and  also  to  reach  the  mothers  who  did  not  at- 
tend the  meeting. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


437 


The  lists  were  headed: 

HELPS  IN  HOME  PROBLEMS  FOR  MOTHERS  AND 

HOME-MAKERS  ;  WITH  SOME   PLEASANT 

BOOKS  FOR  RESTFUL  READING. 

Any  of  the  books  in  the  following  list  may  be  drawn 

for  home  reading  from  the st.  School  by  mothers 

living  in  the  district.  If  you  cannot  go  yourself  send  a 
note  by  one  of  your  children  to  the  teacher  or  principal 
(naming  several  books,  in  case  your  first  choice  should  be 
in  circulation),  and  a  book  will  be  sent  you. 

The  principals  of  five  of  the  school  districts 
have  already  asked  to  be  supplied  with  books 
for  the  mothers  for  the  coming  school  year,  and 
it  seems  probable  that,  as  is  the  case  with  the 
books  issued  to  the  children  through  the  schools, 
the  limit  to  this  work  may  soon  be  in  the  sup- 
ply of  books  which  the  library  can  furnish  rath- 
er than  in  the  demand  for  them.  But  it  seems 
to  be  a  demand  well  worth  meeting,  and  one 
which  may  be  far-reaching  in  its  results. 


THE  DENVER   UNION   CATALOG  OF 
MEDICAL  LITERATURE. 

ONE  of  the  latest  examples  of  co-operative  li- 
brary work  is  the  union  catalog  of  medical  lit- 
erature recently  completed  in  Denver.  The 
work  was  undertaken,  as  already  described  in 
the  JOURNAL  (March,  p.  156),  by  Dr.  C.  C. 
Spivak,  of  the  Colorado  Medical  Library  Asso- 
ciation, with  the  approval  of  that  association 
and  the  assistance  of  the  public  library.  Dr. 
Spivak's  plan,  which  was  presented  to  the  asso- 
ciation in  December  last,  was,  briefly,  to  sup- 
plement the  library  of  the  association  —  which 
is  housed  by  the  public  library  as  a  separate  col- 
lection and  used  for  public  reference  —  by  a 
catalog  of  the  medical  books  owned  by  local  phy- 
sicians who  were  willing  to  allow  their  libraries 
to  be  used  for  consultation  by  others.  This 
union  catalog  was  to  be  kept  at  the  library  for 
reference  use,  thus  making  available  to  medical 
men  a  much  larger  collection  than  it  would  be 
possible  for  the  library  or  the  association  alone 
to  provide. 

In  the  June  number  of  the  Colorado  Medical 
Record Dr.  Spivak  reports  the  successful  accom- 
plishment of  the  work.  He  states  that  the  pri- 
vate libraries  of  29  physicians  were  placed  at 
his  service,  and  that  a  card  catalog — author, 
title,  and  subject  —  of  all  books  and  journals  not 
contained  in  the  public  library  has  been  pre- 
pared, on  which  is  stated  in  whose  office  the 
books  or  journals  listed  are  to  be  found,  and  at 
what  hours  they  may  be  consulted  by  the  pub- 
lic. This  catalog  has  been  placed  in  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  public  library.  It  makes 
available  for  reference  845  books  and  163  bound 
medical  journals,  or  a  total  of  2182  volumes. 
The  result,  says  Dr.  Spivak,  "  has  exceeded 
our  most  sanguine  expectations,"  and  the 
promptness  and  success  with  which  the  work 
has  been  carried  through  is  not  only  interesting 
in  itself,  but  is  a  direct  encouragement  to  similar 
work  in  other  libraries. 


IN  MEMORIAM  —  WILLIAM  RICE,  D.D. 

THOSE  most  closely  associated  with  our  rev- 
ered librarian,  Dr.  William  Rice,  can  best  real- 
ize how  he  was  the  centre  and  head  of  the  li- 
brary work  in  the  city  of  Springfield,  and  how 
his  best  monument  is  the  institution  known  as 
the  Springfield  City  Library  Association. 

Dr.  Rice  was  a  native  and  almost  a  life-long 
resident  of  the  town  and  city  where  his  best 
work  was  done,  and  his  life  is  an  exception  to 
the  saying  "a  prophet  is  not  without  honor 
save  in  his  own  country."  He  was  born  on 
March  10,  1821,  and  early  developed  scholarly 
tastes;  though,  always  of  slight  frame  and  frail 
health,  he  was  unequal  to  the  ordeal  of  college 
life.  At  the  close  of  his  academic  career  at  the 
Wesleyan  Academy  in  Wilbraham,  Mass.,  he 
was  licensed  at  the  age  of  19  years  to  preach  in 
the  Methodist  Church.  After  about  15  years 
poor  health  compelled  him  to  relinquish  pastoral 
work.  He  kept  up,  however,  the  practice  of 
preaching,  and  was  called  upon  from  time  to 
time  in  this  way.  For  some  years  he  was  chap- 
lain of  the  jail  in  Springfield;  he  was  connected 
with  the  school  board  of  the  city  and  of  the  state 
for  20  years,  and  was  a  trustee  of  both  Wesley- 
an Academy  at  Wilbraham,  and  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity at  Middletown,  Ct.  Always  in  touch 
with  the  educational  movements  of  the  time,  he 
was  prominent  in  all  that  concerned  the  welfare 
of  his  fellow-townsmen — an  active  worker  in 
all  that  conduced  to  the  good  of  the  community. 
But  it  was  with  the  City  Library  that  he  was 
best  known  and  will  be  most  missed. 

After  his  return  to  Springfield  Dr.  Rice  was 
asked  to  take  charge  of  the  library  of  the  City 
Library  Association,  which  had  been  formed  in 
1857  by  combining  two  small  libraries  of  the 
Springfield  Institute  and  Young  Men's  Literary 
Association.  In  1861,  when  Dr.  Rice  assumed 
the  duties  of  librarian,  the  library  contained 
about  6800  volumes  with  a  list  of  280  subscri- 
bers. It  was  housed  in  a  room  in  the  city  hall, 
but  no  financial  aid  was  given  by  the  city,  aside 
from  room,  light,  and  heat.  To  this  work  Dr. 
Rice  at  once  gave  his  best  energies,  bringing 
the  collection  of  books  into  order  and  building 
up  the  nucleus  of  a  fine  library,  soliciting  sub- 
scriptions to  its  funds  and  donations  of  books. 

In  1864  a  new  charter  of  incorporation  was 
taken  out,  giving  greater  power  to  the  associa- 
tion, and  for  the  first  time  an  appropriation  was 
made  by  the  city  towards  the  expenses  of  the 
library,  in  return  for  which  free  use  of  the 
books  on  the  premises  was  given  to  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  city  of  Springfield.  The  quarters 
in  the  city  hall  were  speedily  outgrown,  and 
largely  by  personal  appeals  and  unwearied  ef- 
fort on  the  part  of  Dr.  Rice,  funds  were  ob- 
tained for  the  present  library  building,  which 
was  erected  in  1871,  at  a  cost  of  $100,000. 
There  were  placed  in  the  new  building  about 
25,000  volumes,  arranged  and  classified,  with 
good  catalogs,  according  to  the  best  methods 
of  the  day.  Provision  was  made  for  70,000  or 
80,000  volumes,  and  people  wondered  if  the 
building  would  ever  be  filled  ;  but  the  growth, 
both  in  books  and  the  use  of  them,  steadily 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


went  on,  and  to-day  the  number  of  books  is  not 
far  short  of  100,000.  In  1881  a  free  reading- 
room  in  connection  with  the  library  was  opened. 
A  few  years  later,  when  it  was  desired  to 
make  the  library  free  to  the  public,  Dr.  Rice 
made  earnest  and  successful  efforts  to  insure 
the  growth  of  the  reference  department  by  se- 
curing endowments  for  that  purpose — amount- 
ing now  to  $60,000,  with  as  much  more  not  yet 
realized.  As  a  token  of  his  deep  interest  in  the 
subject,  he  himself  left  a  legacy  of  $5000  to 
the  theological  department.  What  was  then  a 
new  departure  in  library  organization  was  also 
effected,  by  which  the  management  of  the  li- 
brary was  vested  in  the  directors  of  the  City 
Library  Association,  who,  as  an  incorporated 
association,  held  the  property  ;  while  the  city 
government  was  represented  on  this  board  ex- 
ojficio  by  the  mayor,  president  of  the  common 
council,  and  superintendent  of  schools.  The 
city  government  appropriates  a  certain  sum  an- 
nually for  library  expenses,  and  endowment 
funds,  life-membership  fees,  etc.,  add  to  the  in- 
come. The  library  was  made  free  in  1885.  In 
1886  a  new  step  in  the  line  of  progress  was 
taken  when  the  use  of  teachers'  cards  was  in- 
troduced, and  the  special  use  of  books  by  stu- 
dents in  the  schools  was  encouraged. 

When  one  of  our  citizens  generously  proposed 
bequeathing  to  the  city  or  the  library  associa- 
tion his  fine  art  collection,  Dr.  Rice  co-operated 
with  him  most  fully  in  rousing  public  interest. 
Through  their  efforts,  aided  by  others  of  the 
directors,  an  art  building  or  museum  worthy  of 
the  collection  has  been  erected  at  a  cost  of 
$125,000,  entirely  by  subscription  and  bequest. 
At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  City  Library 
Association  in  1892,  Dr.  Rice  was  honored 
by  an  unanimous  resolution  to  christen  the 
new  art  building  with  his  name.  This  he  ab- 
solutely declined,  and  the  resolution  was  with- 
drawn, to  be  replaced  by  another  :  "That  the 
present  library  building  of  the  City  Library  As- 
sociation shall  be  known  henceforth  as  the 
William  Rice  building,  in  honor  of  the  man 
whose  devotion  to  the  city  and  the  institution 
inspired  its  erection,  and  whose  service  has  filled 
it  with  treasures  of  knowledge  and  wisdom  for 
the  free  use  of  all  the  people."  The  art  build- 
ing was  completed  in  1895,  and  is  opened  to  the 
public  on  every  afternoon  for  free  use. 

It  was  in  his  personal  influence  that  Dr.  Rice 
was  most  distinguished  and  successful.  He 
held  to  the  fullest  degree  the  confidence  of  his 
fellow-townsmen,  and  knowing  that  his  work 
was  done  from  the  highest  motives  and  desire 
to  benefit  the  city,  they  were  always  willing  to 
listen  to  his  suggestions  and  fall  in  with  his 
views.  His  wide  range  of  reading,  liberal  views, 
cultivated  tastes,  and  sound  judgment  eminent- 
ly fitted  him  to  be  not  only  librarian  of  our  li- 
brary, but  the  leader  and  guide  of  the  people 
in  what  has  been  well  called  "the  people's  uni- 
versity." It  is  mainly  to  his  unwearied  devo- 
tion and  labors  that  the  Springfield  Library 
has  attained  so  high  rank  among  the  libraries 
of  the  country.  And  now  he  rests  from  his 
labors,  but  his  works  do  follow  him  and  shall  per- 
petuate his  memory.  MARY  MEDLICOTT. 


AFFAIRS  AT  THE  CONGRESSIONAL 
LIBRARY. 

WITH  the  first  of  September  the  great  work 
of  removing  the  contents  of  the  Congressional 
Library  from  the  old  building  to  the  new  was 
begun  with  energy.  The  old  library  was  closed 
to  the  public  and  the  process  of  removal  was 
undertaken  by  the  entire  force  under  the  gen- 
eral supervision  of  Mr.  Young,  Mr.  Spofford, 
and  Mr.  Green.  It  is  estimated  that  about  six 
weeks  will  be  required  for  the  work,  but  the  li- 
brary will  be  settled  and  comparatively  at 
home  in  its  magnificent  new  building  some  time 
before  Congress  assembles.  A  feature  of  the 
removal  is  the  use  of  "chutes,"  down  which 
the  boxes  of  books  slide  from  the  upper  stacks 
and  galleries  to  the  ground.  These  chutes  are 
simply  long  plank  troughs,  which  are  placed  to 
span  the  distance  between  the  high  galleries 
and  the  floor  of  the  old  building  and  between 
the  top  and  bottom  of  the  main  outside  staircase 
on  the  east  front  of  the  capitol  facing  the  new 
library  building.  To  fit  in  these  chutes  60  or  70 
boxes  have  been  constructed,  of  a  size  permitting 
one  shelfful  of  books  to  be  laid  in  each  neatly 
and  without  disarrangement.  The  books  are 
then  placed,  by  shelf  loads,  in  the  boxes,  each 
load  being  previously  labelled  to  denote  the 
exact  place  it  is  to  occupy  in  the  new  building. 
The  boxes  are  placed  in  the  first  chute,  slid 
over  the  well-soaped  planks  to  the  floor,  then 
carried  by  porters  to  the  outer  chute,  slid  down 
that,  caught  by  other  laborers,  and  loaded  into 
express  wagons  carrying  from  18  to  20  boxes 
each.  A  watchman  accompanies  each  cartload 
of  books. 

Arrived  at  the  new  building,  each  boxful  of 
books  is  subjected  to  a  cleansing  process  devised 
by  Mr.  Green,  who  has  utilized  for  the  purpose 
the  great  pneumatic  air-tank  installed  in  the 
basement  of  the  new  building  for  the  automatic 
pneumatic  tunnel  service  between  the  library 
and  the  capitol.  A  long  hose,  with  a  nozzle  like 
that  of  a  watering-pot,  has  been  connected  with 
the  air-tank.  This  nozzle  is  turned  on  the  books 
and  the  stop-cock  is  opened,  sending  a  hard  blast 
of  air  against  all  the  exposed  surfaces  of  the 
books,  and  raising  clouds  of  dust,  even  from  vol- 
umes supposed  to  have  been  previously  cleansed. 
So  far  the  only  insect  discovered  in  the  work  of 
removal  has  been  the  cockroach,  which  does 
not  injure  the  old  books,  but  is  attracted  by  the 
paste  on  the  new.  The  books,  after  this  thor- 
ough dusting,  are  placed  in  the  new  stacks  ac- 
cording to  the  shelf-location  directions  previous- 
ly prepared.  The  work  of  writing  and  pasting 
shelf-number  labels  for  the  individual  books  is 
also  in  process,  and  occupies  a  special  force  of 
assistants.  During  the  removal  from  20  to  60 
extra  temporary  workers  are  employed.  The 
new  library  will  be  open  for  inspection  through- 
out the  work,  only  the  stacks  and  the  special 
collection  rooms  being  closed  to  the  public. 

When  the  library  is  thoroughly  established  in 
the  new  building  it  is  planned  to  widely  extend 
and  improve  many  of  its  departments,  and  to 
bring  it  more  closely  in  touch  with  public  needs 
than  it  has  ever  been.  The  art  department,  lo- 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


439 


cated  in  the  special  quarters  designed  for  it  in 
what  is  known  as  the  "  south  curtain,"  on  the 
first  floor,  will  be  made  specially  attractive  by 
permanent  exhibits  of  prints,  engravings,  and 
photographs;  the  music  department  will  be  re- 
arranged to  permit  the  fullest  use  practicable; 
and  in  the  department  of  maps  and  charts  the 
fine  collections  long  buried  for  lack  of  space  in 
the  crypts  of  the  capitol  will  be  arranged  for 
ready  consultation,  and  the  rarest  and  most 
notable  specimens  will  be  displayed  as  an  his- 
torical and  geographical  exhibit.  A  depart- 
ment for  the  blind  will  be  established  in  the 
Pompeiian  room  on  the  first  floor.  In  it  will  be 
collected  the  large  accumulation  of  books,  pa- 
pers and  music  in  raised  print,  crowded  out  of 
sight  in  the  old  building.  This  will  be  increased 
by  all  possible  means,  a  catalog  will  be  printed 
in  raised  letters,  and  the  department,  which  will 
be  in  charge  of  a  qualified  attendant,  will  be 
made  as  comprehensive  and  available  as  pos- 
sible to  meet  the  needs  of  its  special  readers. 
It  is  also  probable  that  the  hours  of  opening  of 
the  library  will  be  extended  to  10  o'clock  at 
night  during  the  next  session  of  Congress. 

In  the  way  of  material  comfort  several  new  de- 
partures are  contemplated;  among  them  the  es- 
tablishment of  two  smoking-rooms,  one  for 
senators  and  representatives,  the  other  for  the 
general  public;  a  kitchen  and  restaurant  are 
being  fitted  up  on  the  top  floor,  and  are  expected 
to  be  in  full  operation  when  the  regular  work 
of- the  library  begins;  and  bicycle  racks  are  to 
be  established  in  the  basement  of  the  new  build- 
ing. 


"WHY  THERE  WAS  NO  STRIKE." 

AT  the  London  International  Library  Con- 
ference the  Public  Library  of  Butte,  Mont., 
was  represented  by  Rev.  de  Putron  Glidden,  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees.  In  the  Ana- 
conda (Mont.)  Standard  of  July  29,  Mr.  Glid- 
den gives  at  some  length  his  impressions  of  the 
conference  and  relates  the  following  incident, 
which  was,  indeed,  one  of  the  most  striking 
that  occurred  during  the  convention:  "The 
Butte  delegate  had  listened  to  a  debate  on 
classification,  and  how  to  do  it,  and  in  the 
course  of  his  remarks,  spoke  of  the  Butte  Pub- 
lic Library  and  its  excellent  librarian.  The 
speaker  mentioned  an  incident  which  happened 
in  Butte  some  time  ago,  when  there  was  a  talk 
about  a  strike  being  possible.  He  was  going 
up  Broadway  at  night  and  met  a  miner  whom 
he  knew,  and  asked  him  whether  there  was  to 
be  a  strike,  and  whether  the  men  were  likely  to 
be  led  astray  by  bad  leadership.  His  sidewalk 
companion  spoke  about  the  matter  for  awhile, 
and  then  they  came  in  sight  of  the  northeast 
corner  of  the  public  library,  and  the  miner  said 
to  him  :  '  No,  I  don't  think  the  boys  will  be 
badly  led  away.  They  have  learned  to  think  a 
bit,  and  they  learned  lots  of  it  there'  (point- 
ing to  the  library).  Again  and  again  this  story 
has  been  referred  to,  and  our  library  and  libra- 
rian will  not  be  forgotten  by  many  of  the  dele- 
gates." 


THE  CHILDREN'S  ROOM. 

THE  Examining  Committee  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  in  the  45th  report  of  that  li- 
brary, make  some  interesting  suggestions  for 
increasing  the  attractiveness  of  the  children's 
room.  "  In  no  part  of  the  library,"  they  say,  "is 
it  so  necessary  that  there  should  be  active  life 
and  variety.  It  would  be  practicable  that  a 
large  table  should  be  loaded  with  books,  maps, 
and  pictures,  illustrative  of  subjects  of  current 
interest.  Children  learn  more  quickly  than 
adults  from  suggestion,  and  no  device  should 
be  neglected  to  lead  them  early  into  the  delights 
of  substantial  reading.  The  cheap  papers  and 
novels  spare  no  pains  to  attract  children,  and, 
unless  the  library  is  prepared  to  cope  with  these 
foes  of  good  taste,  it  will  lose  its  hold  upon 
many  boys  and  girls  at  the  most  impressionable 
age.  Especially  is  it  advisable  that  books  with 
many  pictures  should  be  ready  to  the  hand  of 
children.  Many  a  book  which  seems  to  an 
adult  over  the  head  of  a  12-year-old  boy  will  be 
found  intensely  interesting  to  him  when  he  has 
once  been  beguiled  by  illustrations  into  begin- 
ning it.  For  example,  books  on  Cuba,  or  on 
Constantinople,  or  on  modern  Athens,  might 
well  be  laid  within  reach  of  the  children  at 
the  present  moment,  and,  even  if  they,  were 
slightly  injured  by  the  use  made  of  them,  they 
would  be  doing  service  of  a  sort  to  make  good 
citizens. 

"  The  plea  may  again  be  entered  that  there 
should  be  a  fine,  large  modern  globe  in  the 
children's  room,  and  that  a  map  of  the  United 
States  should  be  hung  in  a  conspicuous  place  in 
the  room. 

"  Fifteen-minute  talks  on  books,  given  by  men 
and  women  who  know  how  to  talk  about  litera- 
ture, would  be  an  invaluable  adjunct  to  the 
work  of  the  children's  room,  and  would  cer- 
tainly attract  even  more  children  to  the  library 
on  Saturdays."  

A  COURSE  IN    BIBLIOLOGY  IN  DART- 
MOUTH COLLEGE. 

THIS  course  was  a  junior  elective  of  30  hours, 
and  was  conducted  on  the  plan  of  securing 
the  largest  amount  of  actual  handling  of  books. 
After  a  few  preliminary  exercises  devoted  to 
showing  the  place  of  the  subject  in  a  college 
course  and  securing  familiarity  with  biblio- 
graphical apparatus  and  library  methods,  a 
week  was  given  to  each  of  several  distinct  sub- 
jects, with  one  lecture,  one  quiz,  and  the  rest 
of  the  time  given  to  reports  presented  in  writ- 
ing. Each  member  of  the  division  was  assigned 
to  some  special  phase  of  the  general  subject,  so 
that  no  two  did  the  same  work,  but  all  had  the 
benefit  of  the  work  of  the  others.  The  first 
week  was  given  to  leading  books  on  important 
subjects,  each  report  calling  for  a  selected  list 
of  books,  with  careful  estimates  and  quotations 
from  standard  reviews. 

The  next  week  was  devoted  to  great  periodi- 
cals, requiring  sketches  of  leading  reviews, 
magazines,  and  papers,  with  their  editors,  their 
more  important  contributors,  the  permanent 


440 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\September,  '97 


literature  that  first  appeared  in  them,  their  lit- 
erary and  political  influence,  etc. 

The  next  week  was  spent  upon  the  publica- 
tions of  learned  societies,  like  the  Smithsonian, 
state  historical  societies,  etc. 

The  fourth  week  was  given  a  wider  range, 
taking  up  the  work  of  the  leaders  of  the  Re- 
naissance, the  literary  monks,  the  part  taken 
by  the  monasteries,  the  early  universities,  the 
early  printers  of  Venice,  Paris,  Holland,  and 
Germany,  great  critics,  and  special  collections. 

At  the  close  of  the  course  each  student  read 
a  carefully-prepared  thesis  upon  such  topics  as 
the  relation  of  the  library  to  popular  intelli- 
gence, the  library  movement,  bibliophilism  as 
an  accomplishment,  etc. 

Indirectly,  the  instructor,  by  means  of  lect- 
ures, illustrated  as  far  as  possible,  covered  the 
field  of  the  general  subject,  the  evolution  of 
books. 


THE  LAWRENCEVILLE  BRANCH  OF  THE 
CARNEGIE  LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBURGH. 

As  is  well  known,  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie  gave 
$1,100,000  to  the  city  of  Pittsburgh  for  a  free 
public  library,  with  branches.  The  main  building 
(including  an  art  gallery,  a  museum,  and  a  music 
hall)  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $800,000, 
and  opened  to  the  public  in  November,  1895. 
The  remaining  $300,000  was  to  be  used  to  pur- 
chase ground  and  erect  buildings  for  branch  li- 
braries. Since  the  city  is  cut  up  into  separate 
districts  by  high  hills  and  the  Monongahela 
River,  the  board  of  trustees  decided  that  seven 
branches  would  be  required  to  satisfy  the  needs 
of  the  people.  Sites  have  been  chosen  and  the 
ground  secured  for  six  of  these;  and  the  plans 
for  one,  the  Lawrenceville  branch,  have  been 
prepared  and  approved,  and  the  building  is  now 
in  process  of  erection. 

In  the  preparation  of  these  plans,  which  are 
here  reproduced,  the  problem  was  not  only  to 
provide  for  a  stack-room  with  a  capacity  of 
20,000  volumes,  a  delivery-desk,  a  general  read- 
ing-room, and  a  children's  room  on  one  floor, 
and  on  a  lot  90  feet  front  by  80  feet  deep;  it  was 
further  required  that  every  part  of  this  floor 
should  be  visible  from  the  delivery-desk,  incase 
it  should  be  decided  to  give  the  public  free  ac- 
cess to  the  shelves.  It  should  be  stated,  also, 
that  not  the  whole  of  this  90  by  80  feet  was 
available  for  building,  because  the  lot  was  sit- 
uated on  the  side  of  a  hill  with  the  high  ground 
in  the  rear.  So  it  was  necessary  to  sacrifice 
some  floor  space  in  order  to  secure  sufficient 
light. 

The  plans  will  show  how  the  requirements 
have  been  met.  The  general  reading-room 
and  the  children's  room  are  on  either  side  of 
the  lobby  reached  by  the  main  entrance.  The 
circular  delivery-desk  is  in  the  midst  of  things. 
Back  of  it  is  a  semicircular  stack-room,  with 
the  centre  of  the  semicircle  coinciding  with  the 
centre  of  the  delivery-desk.  The  10  book- 
stacks  are  radii  of  this  semicircle;  and  the  par- 
titions separating  the  general  reading-room  and 
children's  room  from  the  delivery-room  (or  lob- 


by) and  the  stack-room  are  glass.  From  the 
delivery-desk,  therefore,  the  assistants  in  charge 
will  command  a  view  of  the  entire  floor.  This 
is  the  distinctive  feature  of  these  plans.  Here- 
tofore, where  the  public  has  had  free  access  to 
the  shelves,  it  has  been  necessary  either  to  dis- 
pense with  this  complete  supervision  and  ar- 
range the  stacks  in  the  ordinary  way,  or  secure 
such  supervision  by  shelving  only  the  walls  of 
the  room,  thus  sacrificing  shelf  capacity.  In  the 
Lawrenceville  branch  plans  every  person  on  the 
first  floor  can  be  seen  from  the  central  desk 
without  any  special  effort  on  the  part  of  the  as- 
sistants. 

If  the  branch  is  operated  on  the  free  access 
plan,  the  doors  C  and  D,  on  either  side  of  the 
delivery-room  (which  would  be  merely  a  lobby 
in  this  case),  will  be  closed,  and  entrance  to  the 
stack-room  will  be  through  the  turnstile  F,  which 
works  in  only  one  direction,  and  thence  to  the 
reading-rooms  through  doors  A  and  B.  The 
exit  from  all  parts  is  through  the  turnstile  E, 
which  also  works  in  only  one  direction.  By 
making  it  necessary  for  every  one  to  pass  out 
by  the  delivery-desk  through  this  turnstile,  the 
temptation  to  carry  a  book  away  without  having 
it  charged  is  reduced  to  a  minimum,  especially 
since  no  one  can  feel  sure  that  he  has  escaped 
observation  at  any  time  during  his  visit.  Either 
of  the  turnstiles  would  register  automatically 
the  total  attendance.  If,  as  is  probable,  the  open- 
shelf  system  is  adopted,  what  is  called  a  chil- 
dren's reading-room  in  the  plans  will  become  a 
children's  department,  with  all  the  juvenile  books 
on  shelves  around  the  walls. 

If  it  should  be  decided  to  abandon  the  open- 
shelf  system  it  would  only  be  necessary  to  open 
the  doors  C  and  D,  close  the  doors  A  and  B,  and 
substitute  for  the  circular  desk  and  turnstiles  a 
desk  of  the  form  indicated  by  the  dotted  lines 
back  of  the  circular  desk  in  the  first-floor  plans. 

The  10  stacks  in  the  stack-room  alone  will 
have  a  capacity  of  about  25,000  volumes,  which 
may  be  doubled  by  superimposing  10  more 
stacks  of  the  same  size  and  connecting  them 
with  balconies.  The  capacity  of  the  wall  shelv- 
ing in  the  children's  room  will  be  about  4000 
volumes,  with  a  like  capacity  in  the  general 
reading-room,  very  little  of  which  will  ever  be 
needed.  The  total  shelf  capacity  of  the  first 
floor,  therefore,  will  be  about  33,000  volumes, 
which  may  be  increased  to  58,000  by  adding 
another  story  to  the  stacks. 

The  basement  will  contain  a  newspaper-room, 
if  one  should  be  needed,  a  work-room  for  un- 
packing, repairing,  etc.,  a  boiler-room,  and  an 
auditorium  for  university  extension  and  other 
popular  educational  lectures. 

Since  the  Lawrenceville  branch  is  merely  the 
first  of  seven  branches  which  will  complete  the 
Pittsburgh  system,  and  since  the  plans  for  some 
of  the  others  are  now  being  prepared,  the  trus- 
tees would  be  glad  to  have  the  benefit  of  criti- 
cisms and  suggestions  from  librarians  and  others 
with  reference  to  the  plans  printed  and  described 
herewith.  Such  criticisms  and  suggestions  will 
be  gratefully  acknowledged,  if  addressed  to  E. 
H.  Anderson,  Librarian,  Carnegie  Library,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 


DELIVERY  ROOM 
GENERAL  READING  ROOM  =•  itQ-xtfa-  *  CHILDRENS  READING  ROOM 


nR5T  rLCOR  PLAN . 


BASEMENT  PLAN 
UAWRENCEVILLE  BRANCH.  CARNEGIE   LIBRARY  OF  PITTSBVFtCH. 

AUDCN   AND  HAHUOW_APCHITECTS. 


442 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


AN  EXTRAORDINARY  TITLE. 

IN  my  communication  to  the  Library  Associa- 
tion of  Washington  on  "  Bad  features  of  good 
books,"*  I  referred  to  the  inconvenience  result- 
ing from  frequent  change  in  the  title  of  a  con- 
tinuous periodical,  an  inconvenience  felt  alike 
by  the  bibliographer,  the  librarian,  and  the 
reader.  I  have  lately  met  with  a  remarkable 
instance  of  this  title-changing,  and  as  the 
periodical  is  rarely  found  in  its  complete  state, 
I  here  set  down  the  title. 

Palladium  (The),  or  Appendix  to  the  Ladies' 
Diary.  By  the  author  of  the  Ladies'  Diary. 
[Robert  Heath].  I  no.  I2mo.  1749.  Lon- 
don, 1748. 

Continued  as  : 

Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Palladium.     5  nos. 
I2ino.     London,  1750 -'54. 

United  with  The  Ladies'  Chronologer  and  con- 
tinued under  the  title  : 

Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Palladium  and 
Chronologer.  i  no.  I2mo.  London,  1755. 

Continued  as  : 

Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Palladium  and 
Diary,  i  no.  121110.  London,  1756. 

Continued  as  : 

.  Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Diary  and  Palla- 
dium,    i  no.     I2mo.     London  1757. 

Continued  as  : 

Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Palladium,  i  no. 
izmo.  London,  1758. 

Continued  as  : 

Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Military  Palla- 
dium, i  no.  I2mo.  London,  1759. 

Continued  as : 

Gentleman  (The)  and  Lady's  Palladium.  3  nos. 
I2mo.  London,  I76o-'o2. 

Continued  as  : 

Palladium  (The)  Extraordinary,  i  no.  I2mo. 
London,  1763. 

Continued  as  : 

Palladium  (The)  Enlarged.  I  no.  I2mo.  Lon- 
don, 1764. 

Accompanied  by  a  Supplement  entitled: 

Palladium   (The)   Supplement.      I    no.     I2mo. 
London,  1764. 

Continued  as  : 

Palladium  (The)  of  Fame,  or  Annual  Miscel- 
lany, i  no.  I2mo.  London,  1765. 

Continued  as  : 

Fame's  Palladium,  or  Annual  Miscellany,  being 
a  Supplement  to  the  Ladies'  Diary.  2  nos. 
i2mo.  London,  1766 -'67. 

Continued as  : 

British  (The)  Palladium,  or  Annual  Miscellany. 
2  nos.  I2mo.  London,  1768- '69. 

*  L.  j.,  June,  1896,  p.  265. 


Continued  as  : 

British  (The)  Palladium,  or  Annual  Miscellany 
of  Literature  and  Art.  lonos.  I2mo.  Lon- 
don, 1770- '79. 

Each  of  these  32  numbers  bears  long  sub- 
titles, setting  forth  their  contents.  The  journal 
is  not  mentioned  by  Watts,  Allibone,  and  others; 
only  two  numbers  are  found  in  the  Library  of 
Congress,  and  a  small  portion  in  the  British 
Museum.  The  set  cataloged  is  in  the  private 
library  of  Artemas  Martin,  LL.D.,  of  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 

This  periodical,  which  is  devoted  to  mathe- 
matics, and  miscellaneous  literature  of  an  enter- 
taining character,  was  founded  by  the  English 
mathematician,  Robert  Heath,  under  peculiar 
circumstances.  Heath,  who  was  a  retired  cap- 
tain in  the  British  army,  had  been  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  Ladies'  Diary  from  1737. 
This  latter  journal  was  established  in  1704  and 
was  published  by  the  Stationers'  Company  as 
proprietors.  On  the  death  of  Henry  Beighton, 
the  editor  of  the  Ladies'  Diary,  Captain  Heath 
was  appointed  by  the  company  as  editor  jointly 
with  Beighton's  widow.  This  was  in  1744. 
While  a  salaried  editor  of  the  Ladies1  Diary 
Heath  started  the  Palladium,  a  journal  with 
similar  aims  and  methods  ;  he  not  only  con- 
ducted this  rival  on  his  own  account  but  he 
printed  in  it  the  best  articles  intended  for  the 
Ladies'  Diary.  This  dishonest  procedure,  to- 
gether with  a  violent  temper  which  made  him 
enemies,  led  to  his  dismissal  by  the  proprietors 
of  the  Ladies'  Diary,  but  he  continued  the 
Palladium  until  his  death  in  1779.  The  Ladies' 
Diary,  and  its  successor  The  Lady's  and  Gentle- 
man's Diary,  were  published  continuously  until 
1871. 

After  his  dismissal  Heath  filled  the  pages  of 
his  Palladium  with  intemperate  abuse  of  the 
editor,  Simpson,  who  succeeded  him,  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  journal,  and  of  the  Diary 
itself.  Heath  was  full  of  vain  conceits  and 
proposed  to  found  a  "  Palladium  Society,"  its 
members  to  wear  a  "  Palladium  button  "  to  be  ob- 
tained from  him.  De  Morgan  says  he  "made 
a  noise  in  his  day  and  in  so  doing  established 
a  claim  to  be  considered  a  worthless  vaga- 
bond." Other  writers  say  that  Heath  as  editor 
of  mathematical  periodicals  did  much  to  popu- 
larize the  science  in  England. 

H.  CARRINGTON  BOLTON. 


JLibrarg  Association. 


President:  Justin  Winsor,  Harvard  Univer- 
sity Library,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Secretary :  Melvil  Dewey,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, Albany. 

Treasurer :  Gardner  M.  Jones,  Public  Library, 
Salem,  Mass. 


Stole  Cibrarg  Commissions. 


CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford, Ct. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


443 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 

Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 
NEW  YORK  :    Public  Libraries  Division,   State 

University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 
OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 

secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 
VERMONT  LIBRARY  COMMISSION  :   Miss  M.  L. 

Titcomb,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Rutland. 

The  Vermont  Library  Commission  has  been 
represented  at  five  of  the  Teachers'  Institutes 
held  in  different  places  in  the  state  through 
the  summer,  and  at  each  school  some  member 
has  given  a  talk  explaining  the  library  laws  of 
the  state  and  setting  forth  the  advantages  of  a 
close  connection  between  the  library  and  the 
school.  Miss  Titcomb  says:  "We  hope  to 
have  sowed  some  seed  which  will  bear  fruit  in 
the  future." 
WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  F.  A.  Hutchins, 

secretary,  Madison;  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  li- 
brarian, Milwaukee. 

State  tibrarn  Associations. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF  CENTRAL  CALI- 
FORNIA. 

President:}.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

COLORADO  L1MRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President  :  A.  E.  Whhaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary:  Herbert  E.  Richie,  Box  1589, 
Denver. 

Treasurer:  J.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

GEORGIA  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  Anne  Wallace,  Young  Men's 
Library,  Atlanta. 

Secretary:  C.  W.  Hubner,  Atlanta. 

Treasurer:  Miss  L.  A.  Field,  Decatur. 

The  first  regular  meeting  of  the  club  will  be 
held  in  Macon,  Oct.  28-30. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President :  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern. 
Public  Libraries,  215  Madison  street,  Chicago, 
111. 


IOWA  STA  TE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary:  Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  Lana  D.  Cope,  State  Li- 
brary, Des  Moines. 

The  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Li- 
brary Association  will  be  held  at  Des  Moines, 
Oct.  12-13,  when  the  following  program  will 
be  considered  : 

Tuesday,  Oct.  12  : 
Morning  session. 

Enrollment  of  members. 
Reports  of  officers  and  committees. 
President's  address. 
Afternoon  session. 

Organization  of  small  town  libraries,  by 
Miss  Virginia  Dodge,  librarian  Cedar 
Rapids  Public  Library;  assisted  by  Miss 
L.  E.  Stearns,  librarian  Wisconsin  Free 
Library  Commission. 
Evening  session. 

The  danger  line  in  fiction,  by  Johnson  Brig- 
ham,  editor  Midland  Monthly. 

Wednesday,  Oct.  13  : 
Morning  session. 

Relation   of    school   to   library,    by   Hon. 
Henry  Sabin,  Superintendent  of   Public 
Instruction. 
Question  box. 
Afternoon  session. 

How  to  stimulate  interest  in  the  library,  by 
Judge  H.  E.  Deemer,  of  the  Iowa  Su- 
preme Court. 
Election  of  officers. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary  :  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President :'  Herbert  Putnam,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Secretary:  W:  H.  Tillinghast,  Harvard  Col- 
lege Library,  Cambridge. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

The  Massachusetts  Library  Club  held  a  well- 
attended  meeting  at  Norton  on  Sept.  9,  60 
members  coming  from  Boston  and  an  equal 
number  from  the  south  and  the  immediate 
neighborhood. 

When  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  in  the 
Trinitarian  church,  Mr.  W.  E.  Payson,  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Public  Library,  wel- 
comed the  club  and  briefly  described  the  origin 
and  work  of  the  library,  which  is  the  property 
of  a  corporation,  and  is  managed  by  a  board  of 
12  trustees,  to  whom  three  of  the  selectmen  of 
the  town  are  added,  a  liberal  appropriation  being 
made  by  the  town. 

The  president,  Mr.  Putnam,  in  opening  the 
meeting,  referred  to  the  loss  which  the  library 


444 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September ;  '97 


profession  and  the  association  had  sustained  in 
the  death  of  Dr.  William  Rice,  librarian  of  the 
City  Library  Association  of  Springfield,  on 
August  17,  and  remarks  appreciative  of  the 
character  and  services  of  Dr.  Rice  were  made 
by  S:  S.  Green  and  J.  L.  Whitney,  and  a  resolu- 
tion of  regret  was  adopted. 

The  morning  session  was  devoted  to  a  con- 
sideration of  "  Library  fines,"  the  discussion 
being  opened  by  Miss  Nina  E.  Browne,  who 
spoke  of  the  need  of  impressing  on  the  public 
the  necessity  of  paying  just  fines,  but  laid 
special  stress  on  the  danger  of  depriving  read- 
ers, and  particularly  children,  of  the  benefits  of 
a  library  by  too  great  accumulation  of  fines  and 
a  too  rigid  enforcement  of  the  penalty  of  loss 
of  privilege  for  non-payment  of  fines.  She 
mentioned  several  instances  in  which  serious 
injury  had  been  inflicted  in  this  way  for  inabil- 
ity to  pay  a  fine  not  originally  incurred  by  any 
serious  fault.  It  is  desirable  that  the  fact  that 
over-detention  results  in  a  fine  should  be  care- 
fully impressed  on  readers,  and  with  especial 
care  upon  children,  when  they  receive  their 
cards,  and  the  date  when  the  book  is  due  should 
be  kept  before  the  reader  by  some  such  device 
as  the  book-mark  used  by  Mr.  Berry,  which  is 
stamped  with  the  date  of  issue  and  date  when 
due.  The  over-due  notice  used  by  the  public 
library  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  was  especially  com- 
mended. A  final  appeal  is  made  by  this  library 
to  the  endorser,  who  is  asked  to  secure  the  re- 
turn of  the  book  and  to  collect  the  fine.  This 
is  an  effective  method.  It  is  an  excellent  plan, 
when,  as  often  happens,  a  child  brings  in  a  book 
without  knowledge  that  it  is  overdue,  and  has 
no  money  to  discharge  it,  to  note  the  fine  on 
the  card,  with  instructions  to  bring  the  money 
next  time. 

A  lively  discussion  followed  the  reading  of 
the  paper,  which  served  perhaps  more  to 
bring  out  variations  of  practice  and  differences 
of  local  conditions  than  to  settle  any  underlying 
principles  of  the  fine  problem.  It  appeared 
that  in  most  cases  a  compromise  or  abatement 
of  fine  was  not  infrequently  allowed,  while  the 
penalty  of  suspension  of  borrowing  privilege 
was  not  rigidly  enforced.  Mr.  Houghton  said 
that  in  Lynn  the  fine  was  seldom  allowed  to 
reach  more  than  50  cents.  Notice  was  sent 
promptly;  if  the  book  was  not  returned  a  mes- 
senger was  promptly  sent,  and  if  he  failed  to 
secure  the  book,  the  case  was  at  once  given  to 
the  police.  In  Lynn  people  pay  fines  well, 
and,  contrary  to  the  experience  of  many  other 
libraries,  fines  were  collected  as  readily  from 
the  rich  as  from  the  poor. 

It  was  suggested  that  in  the  case  of  children 
a  fine  might  be  commuted  in  time,  the  card  be- 
ing withdrawn  for  a  length  of  time  proportioned 
to  the  fine  due,  and  it  appeared  that  Mr.  Hill  at 
Newark  had  used  this  device. 

In  some  places  it  seems  that  readers  deliber- 
ately detain  books  beyond  the  time  and  pay  the 
fine,  thus  assimilating  the  public  library  to  a 
circulating  library.  Cases  were  also  mentioned 
where  readers  refused  to  return  books  before 
going  away  for  the  summer,  preferring  to  pay 
the  fine  upon  coming  back.  Instances  such  as 


these  elicited  an  expression  of  surprise  from  a 
non-librarian  that  librarians  should  not  consider 
the  fine  a  method  of  protecting  the  rights  of 
rule-obeying  readers,  who  justly  expected  to 
find  in  the  library  all  books  not  properly  out. 

Mr.  Jones  advocated  perfect  uniformity  of 
treatment,  and  would  make  no  exception  in 
collecting  fines,  except  in  case  of  contagious 
disease.  He  did  not  approve  of  the  custom 
of  printing  on  the  over-due  notice,  "  If  a  mis- 
take has  been  made,  please  report  at  once." 
If  a  book  due  on  Saturday  was  returned  on 
Monday  he  charged  a  fine  for  Sunday,  and  so 
in  case  of  a  holiday,  but  made  no  charge  when 
a  book  due  on  a  holiday  was  returned  next  day. 
In  Salem  fines  are  added  to  the  building. fund. 
In  most  cases  they  are  spent  in  incidentals,  or 
turned  into  the  city  treasury;  it  did  not  appear 
that  the  money  was  often  spent  in  books,  a 
disposition  which  might  commend  itself  to  the 
public. 

After  a  pleasant  luuch,  supplied  by  the  hos- 
pitable ladies  of  the  town,  a  visit  was  paid  to 
the  library  building,  a  gift  from  Mrs.  E.  B. 
Wheaton,  and  the  afternoon  session  did  not 
open  until  nearly  three  o'clock. 

Mr.  Hayes,  of  Somerville,  read  a  paper  upon 
the  question,  "  Shall  the  state  require  towns 
and  cities  maintaining  public  libraries  to  appro- 
priate money  for  support  of  the  same  in  pro- 
portion to  their  wealth?"  in  which  he  urged 
that  the  state  had  a  profound  interest  in  the  de- 
velopment of  good  citizens,  and  that  the  public 
school  and  the  public  library  are  indispensable 
educational  agencies  in  that  development.  If 
the  state  needs  a  cultivated  citizenship,  and 
the  use  of  a  free  public  library  is  required  for 
its  development,  the  state  should  furnish  the 
means  of  attaining  what  it  requires  by  compell- 
ing every  town  to  contribute  to  that  end  in  pro- 
portion to  its  means. 

Mr.  Jones  said  that  he  was  a  believer  in  local 
self-government,  and  objected  strongly  to  the 
state  stepping  in.  He  feared  that  it  might  em- 
barrass libraries  by  fixing  a  lower  limit  than  the 
town  would  otherwise  give.  In  England  the 
penny  in  the  pound  rate  was  the  cause  of  much 
dissatisfaction  among  libraries.  It  is  better  for 
the  library  to  justify  itself,  and  make  itself  so 
useful  as  to  force  the  people  to  contribute 
more  and  more  to  its  support. 

Mr.  Whittier  explained  that  the  New  Hamp- 
shire law  did  not  affect  cities  or  large  towns,  as 
the  amount  required  was  small,  but  that  it  did 
affect  213  small  towns,  compelling  them  to 
maintain  a  library.  It  has  been  in  operation 
two  years,  and  there  is  no  serious  opposition  on 
the  ground  of  interference  with  local  self-gov- 
ernment. It  still  depends  on  local  interest  to 
give  adequate  support.  Mr.  Green  thought 
that  the  spirit  of  the  state  here  was  in  favor  of 
letting  towns  manage  their  own  affiairs,  and 
that  public  interest  in  libraries  was  sufficient  to 
provide  for  their  support.  Small  appropriations 
in  small  towns  are  often  accounted  for  by  the 
large  amount  of  volunteer  and  unpaid  work 
done  for  the  library  by  townspeople,  especially 
by  women.  In  Massachusetts  interest  in  edu- 
cation and  in  the  public  library  is  active,  and 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


445 


needs  no  stimulation  from  the  state.  It  would 
be  very  unwise  to  endeavor  to  have  the  state 
dictate  to  the  towns  in  the  matter  of  library 
support. 

Mr.  Jones  then  gave  a  brief  characterization 
of  the  work  of  the  International  Conference, 
and  described  his  visits- to  the  local  London  li- 
braries of  Clerkenwell,  St.  Martin-in-the-Fields, 
and  Chelsea. 

Mr.  Whitney  read  a  most  enjoyable  paper  on 
the  social  experiences  of  the  tourists,  which  was 
unfortunately  cut  short  by  the  inexorable  ap- 
proach of  train  time. 

The  next  meeting  is  the  annual  meeting,  to  be 
held  at  Medford,  October  26.  Reports  will  be 
submitted  on  the  new  books  of  the  preceding 
six  months.  WM.  H.  TILLINGHAST,  Secretary, 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TlOff. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary :  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

The  seventh  annual  meeting  of  the  Michigan 
Library  Association  was  held  at  Muskegon,  Sept. 
8-9,  in  the  beautiful  library  given  to  the  city 
by  C.  H.  Hackley.  Arrangements  for  the  com- 
fort and  pleasure  of  the  members  were  com- 
plete in  all  details,  and  at  both  sessions  musical 
selections  were  artistically  rendered  by  a  trio  of 
women's  voices. 

The  first  session  was  opened  at  3  p.m.,  Wed- 
nesday, Sept.  8.  After  music  and  prayer,  an 
address  of  welcome  was  made  by  F.  A.  Nims, 
chairman  of  the  library  committee.  Mr.  Utley, 
president  of  the  association,  responded,  speak- 
ing of  the  pleasure  of  meeting  in  a  building  so 
beautiful  and  so  well  suited  to  the  purpose  for 
which  it  was  erected,  and  paying  a  fitting  trib- 
ute to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hackley,  both  of  whom 
were  in  attendance  at  the  meeting. 

F.  A.  Nims,  of  the  library  committee  of  the 
Hackley  Library,  then  read  a  paper  on  "The 
relation  of  public  libraries  to  public  instruc- 
tion," in  which  the  history  of  legislation  in 
Michigan  on  the  subject  of  public  libraries  was 
reviewed.  The  object  of  the  paper  was  to  show 
that  although  there  was  an  honest  and  intelli- 
gent purpose  to  establish  a  free  public  library 
in  every  township  and  school  district  of  the 
state,  yet  not  only  had  the  constitutional  provi- 
sion for  the  maintenance  of  such  libraries  been 
inadequate  but  legislation  toward  the  same  end 
had  proved  unsatisfactory.  The  appointment 
was  recommended  of  a  special  committee  of  the 
association,  to  take  the  subject  into  considera- 
tion, to  investigate  and  ascertain  the  defects  of 
the  present  system,  and  to  suggest  such  changes 
in  legislation  as  might  place  the  free  public  li- 
braries in  the  townships  on  as  secure  a  footing 
as  the  public  schools. 

An  interesting  discussion  of  state  library 
commissions  followed,  and  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  state  legislature  will  not  meet  until 
1899,  definite  action  was  deferred  until  the  next 
annual  meeting  of  the  association. 

Jason  E.  Hammond,  state  superintendent  of 


public  instruction,  followed  with  an  address  on 
"  School  district  libraries."  He  said  that  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction  was  in 
thorough  sympathy  with  every  effort  to  enlarge 
the  library  facilities  of  the  people  of  the  state, 
and  especially  of  the  youth  in  the  public  schools. 
He  thought  that  the  most  practical  method  was 
to  operate  in  the  school  district,  and  to  induce, 
if  possible,  the  school  authorities  of  every  dis- 
trict to  maintain  a  library,  and  he  condemned 
as  a  grave  mistake  the  amendment  to  the  con- 
stitution which  permitted  library  moneys  de- 
rived from  fines  for  offences  against  the  penal 
statutes  to  be  used  for  general  school  purposes. 
These  should  be  scrupulously  devoted  to  the 
purchase  of  books  for  the  library  ;  for  though 
the  amount  is  very  small  in  some  districts,  it  is 
better  than  nothing,  and  if  the  school  boards 
are  compelled  to  use  it  for  library  purposes 
there  is  an  incentive  to  add  something,  and  so 
devote  a  respectable  sum  to  book  purchases. 
He  promised  to  make  a  strong  effort,  when  the 
revision  of  the  constitution  comes  up  in  1899, 
to  have  the  clause  with  reference  to  library 
moneys  restored  as  it  originally  stood. 

In  the  evening  a  reception  was  given  in 
honor  of  the  librarians  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hack- 
ley  at  their  beautiful  home,  which  afforded  the 
visitors  a  pleasant  opportunity  to  meet  the  peo- 
ple of  the  city. 

At  the  morning  session,  September  9,  a  most 
interesting  paper  was  read  by  David  Macken- 
zie, superintendent  of  schools  in  Muskegon. 
In  treating  the  subject,  "The  school  and  the 
public  library,"  Mr.  Mackenzie  expressed  views 
that  might  in  library  circles  be  considered  some- 
what heterodox.  He  courteously  and  logically 
defended  his  position  that  the  libraries  are  go- 
ing outside  their  proper  sphere  in  providing  sup- 
plementary reading  for  the  schools,  and  urged 
that  it  is  with  the  teachers,  rather  than  with  the 
pupils,  that  libraries  should  find  their  field  for 
work  in  connection  with  schools.  He  com- 
mended highly  the  reading  lists  on  special  top- 
ics, issued  by  librarians. 

Mr.  Utley  then  read  an  entertaining  paper  on 
English  libraries,  in  which  he  described  some 
of  the  chief  libraries  visited  during  his  trip 
abroad  with  the  International  Conference  dele- 
gation, and  outlined  the  chief  characteristics  of 
the  libraries  of  Great  Britain  as  compared  with 
those  of  the  United  States. 

At  the  close  of  the  meeting,  carriages  were  in 
waiting,  and  a  pleasant  drive  was  taken  about 
the  city.  The  fine  new  manual  training  school, 
a  gift  to  the  city  from  Mr.  Hackley,  was  visited 
and  admired. 

In  the  afternoon  a  short  business  session  was 
held,  at  which  officers  were  elected  for  one  year, 
and  it  was  decided  to  hold  the  next  annual  meet- 
ing in  Bay  City.  A  vote  of  thanks  was  passed 
expressing  the  appreciation  of  the  association 
for  the  hospitality  extended  to  them.  The 
officers  elected  are  as  follows  :  President,  Henry 
M.  Utley,  Detroit  Public  Library  ;  Vice-presi- 
dents, Miss  I.  C.  Roberts,  Kalamazoo,  Miss  G. 
M.  Walton,  Ypsilanti  ;  Secretary,  Mrs.  A.  F. 
Parsons,  Bay  City  Public  Library  ;  Treasurer, 
Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Grand  Rapids  Public  Library^ 


446 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{September,  '97 


MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President :  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer- 
sity, Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  MaryL.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HA MPSHIRE  LIBRA RY  A SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  J:  B.  Thompson,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Secretary:  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Emma  L.  Adams,  Public 
Library,  Plainfield. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

OHIO  LIBRARY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President :  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary  :  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton. 

Treasurer:  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President :  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

The  meetings  of  this  club  will  be  resumed  on 
the  second  Monday  in  October  (October  n).  It 
is  purposed  this  year  to  strengthen  the  interest 
of  the  meetings  by  holding  them  in  various 
places  in  which  the  interests  of  the  library  can 
be  widened.  The  executive  committee  have 
decided  to  hold  the  first  meeting  at  West 
Chester,  and  propose  to  make  the  discussion  on 
"  The  development  of  small  local  libraries"  the 
principal  topic.  Meetings  will  be  held  monthly 
from  October  to  May,  both  inclusive. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,  Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Wales, 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Braddock, 


VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer:  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN     TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 


Clubs. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary:  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  Armour  In- 
stitute, Chicago,  111. 

Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Public  Li- 
braries, 215  Madison  street. 

MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 

"  A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going  —  and  so,  good-day  !  " 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  A.  E.  Bostwick,  N.  Y.  Free 
Circulating  Library. 

Secretary :  T:  W.  Idle,  Columbia  University 
Library. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  N.  Y. 
Free  Circulating  Library. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter,  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 


Cibrarjj.0cl)0ols  anfc  Sraininjg  Qllaoses. 


AMHERST  SUMMER  SCHOOL. 

THE  Amherst  Summer  School  of  Library  Econ- 
omy completed  its  seventh  annual  session  on 
August  13.  The  course  was  taken  by  35  stu- 
dents, representing  eight  states  and  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  the  majority  of  whom  were 
already  engaged  in  library  work.  It  was,  as 
usual,  under  the  direction  of  W:  I.  Fletcher, 
librarian  of  the  College  Library,  and  the  five 
weeks'  session  represented  a  large  amount  of 
steady  work  accomplished.  The  class  was  con- 
ducted as  one  of  beginners,  and  the  instruction 
covered  the  field  of  library  economy  in  its  main 
branches,  including  cataloging,  classification, 
reference  work,  etc.  The  afternoon  sessions 
were  devoted  to  practice  work  by  the  pupils. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


447 


NEW  YORK  STA  TE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

THE  school  closed  in  June  with  even  less  for- 
mality than  usual.  Hereafter  even  the  simplest 
closing  exercises  will  be  omitted  and  the  dip- 
lomas and  degrees  will  be  conferred  whenever 
the  students  have  completed  the  required  work. 

Of  the  senior  class  of  1896-97  the  following 
have  accepted  positions: 

Etheldred  Abbot,  cataloger  New  York  Public 
Library. 

Elizabeth  Parkhill  Andrews,  classifier  and 
cataloger  private  library  of  the  Hon.  Whitelaw 
Reid,  New  York  City. 

Jennie  Dorcas  Fellows,  cataloger  Free  Public 
Library,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Isabel  Ely  Lord,  substitute  librarian  Bryn 
Mawr  College  Library. 

Anna  Louise  Morse,  assistant  New  York 
State  Library,  Public  Libraries  Division. 

Alice  Newman,  cataloger  Public  Library, 
North  Adams,  Mass. 

Bessie  Sargeant  Smith,  librarian  Harlem  Li- 
brary, New  York  City. 

Mary  Sayers  Terwilliger,  cataloger  Public 
Library,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Elizabeth  Gertrude  Thome,  cataloger  Pub- 
lic Library,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

The  fall  term  will  open  Oct.  6. 

SALOME  CUTLER  FAIRCHILD. 

WISCONSIN  SUMMER  SCHOOL. 

THE  third  annual  session  of  the  Wisconsin 
Summer  School  of  Library  Science  was  held 
at  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  from 
July  5  to  August  13,  1897.  This  school  was 
established  in  1895,  through  the  generosity  of 
the  Hon.  J.  H.  Stout,  of  Menomonie,  Wis.,  and 
is  at  present  sustained  by  the  Wisconsin  Free 
Library  Commission. 

Owing  to  the  absence  of  Miss  Sharp  in  Eu- 
rope, the  course  was  under  the  direction  of 
Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  reference  librarian  and 
instructor  in  bibliography  at  the  Armour  Insti- 
tute of  Technology,  Chicago,  who  was  assisted 
by  Miss  Eliza  J.  Skinner,  of  Princeton,  111.,  a 
recent  student  at  the  Armour  Institute. 

Sixteen  students  enrolled  for  the  six  weeks' 
course  of  the  present  year.  Of  these  Wisconsin 
was  represented  by  12,  Indiana  by  three,  and 
Michigan  by  one.  Eight  had  had  some  pre- 
vious library  experience,  four  were  teachers, 
one  was  a  member  of  a  library  board,  and  two 
took  the  work  preparatory  to  entering  library 
schools.  Some  of  the  students  were  preparing 
for  special  positions,  and  others  worked  for 
improved  methods  in  their  own  libraries.  Two 
of  the  students  were  sent  by  their  boards  and 
all  expenses  paid,  others  reported  some  finan- 
cial aid  or  substitute  provided,  and  in  other 
cases  the  student  not  only  paid  her  own  tuition 
and  expenses  but  furnished  a  supply  in  her 
home  library.  The  students  were  all  earnest 
and  enthusiastic  workers,  anxious  to  make  the 
best  use  of  every  opportunity;  and  the  trustees 
who  made  it  possible  for  librarians  to  attend 
will  have  every  reason  to  feel  well  repaid  by 
the  increased  interest  in  library  work  that  must 
come  with  better  knowledge  of  processes  and 
higher  aims. 


The  instruction  followed  closely  the  lines  laid 
down  by  Miss  Sharp  in  1895-96.  Three  hours 
of  the  morning  were  devoted  to  class  instruc- 
tion, the  afternoon  being  left  free  for  indepen- 
dent work.  The  first  two  weeks  and  the  sec- 
ond and  third  hours  of  the  third  week  were 
devoted  to  general  subjects  of  library  economy 
and  the  simpler  technical  work,  such  as  book 
selection  and  buying,  accession  and  shelf  depart- 
ments; loan  systems,  library  publications  and 
supplies,  travelling  and  home  libraries,  reports, 
statistics,  etc.  The  third  hour  for  two  weeks 
was  given  to  the  study  of  reference  books  and 
aids,  each  student  preparing  a  reading  list  and 
a  select  bibliography  of  books  on  library  econo- 
my useful  to  the  library  student.  One  hour  a 
day  for  four  weeks  was  given  to  cataloging  in- 
struction, and  the  same  time  for  two  weeks  to 
classification,  the  Dewey  and  Cutter  systems 
being  taught.  During  the  last  week  finding 
lists,  public  documents,  library  service,  and  re- 
organizing problems  were  discussed.  Each 
branch  was  illustrated  by  practical  work,  and 
each  student  carried  away  sample  catalog,  ac- 
cession sheets,  rules  for  dictionary  catalog,  etc., 
for  future  reference.  The  "  library  hand  "  was 
used  in  all  the  work. 

Library  appliances  were  seen  in  the  full  ex- 
hibit made  by  the  Library  Bureau  and  material 
from  the  Illinois  State  Library  School.  Two 
visits  were  made  to  the  bindery  and  printing 
office.  The  State  Historical  Society,  the  uni- 
versity, and  the  public  libraries  furnished  ample 
material  for  study;  and  the  Wisconsin  State 
Library  Commission  office,  with  its  sample 
travelling  library  and  exhibit  of  books  and 
periodicals,  blanks  used  in  libraries,  etc.,  was  a 
centre  of  interest. 

Interesting  talks  were  given  to  the  school  by 
Miss  Myrtilla  Avery  and  W.  R.  Eastman,  of 
the  New  York  State  Library,  and  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns  and  F.  A.  Hutchins,  of  the  Library 
Commission. 

The  social  side  of  the  session  was  most  de- 
lightful, the  beautiful  situation  of  Madison  mak- 
ing possible  delightful  drives  in  the  surround- 
ing country  and  all  forms  of  boating  and  sailing 
on  the  four  large  lakes.  An  evening  was  spent 
at  the  home  of  Mrs.  W.  F.  Allen,  who  enter- 
tained her  guests  with  stories  of  Bronson  Alcott 
and  other  Concord  folk. 

A  strong  feeling  of  fellowship  developed 
among  the  students,  one  of  the  best  features  of 
the  school  being  the  interchange  of  ideas,  com- 
parison of  methods,  and  the  practical  hints 
given  by  those  who  had  developed  their  own 
methods  under  difficulties.  The  students  all 
plan  to  carry  on  future  study  by  means  of  the 
references  and  suggestions  given  as  each  topic 
was  taken  up,  and  by  visits  to  libraries  other 
than  their  own.  As  a  former  student  has  said, 
"  The  summer  school  has  proved  an  active  and 
living  factor  in  the  promotion  of  library  inter- 
ests, and  its  permanence  is  especially  essential 
to  the  growth  and  development  of  the  smaller 
libraries,  whose  limited  facilities  preclude  the 
possibility  of  furnishing  to  librarians,  in  any 
other  way,  the  training  that  is  vital  to  their  suc- 
cessful operation." 


448 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


Cibrarg  (Economg  anb  ^ietorg. 

LOCAL. 

Baltimore.  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.  The  Balti- 
more American  of  Aug.  26,  under  the  caption 
"  These  authors  tabooed,"  published  a  sensa- 
tional article  on  the  withdrawal  from  circula- 
tion, in  the  Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library,  of  the 
works  of  Mrs.  Southworth  and  others.  This 
article  has  attracted  considerable  attention 
throughout  the  country,  because  of  the  reasons 
given  for  the  withdrawal,  for  which  the  re- 
porter drew  on  his  imagination.  Referring  to 
this  in  an  interview  on  his  European  trip  in 
the  Sun,  on  Sept.  3,  Dr.  Steiner  said  : 

"  During  my  absence,  I  now  learn,  there  was 
some  unpleasant  comment  made  on  my  course 
in  removing  from  the  shelves  of  the  Pratt  Li- 
brary certain  books,  which  published  rumor 
stated  were  not  deemed  fit  by  me  for  circula- 
tion. Such  an  assertion  was  erroneous  and 
without  foundation.  The  works  of  a  few 
writers  of  light  novels  have  been  excluded  from 
the  shelves  at  my  order,  for  the  simple  reason 
that  the  material  of  the  books  would  not  stand 
the  wear  and  strain  of  circulation.  In  one 
particular  case  one  publisher  bought  the  plates 
of  an  authoress's  works  from  the  original  pub- 
lisher. They  were  badly  worn  and  the  type 
was  extremely  difficult  to  read.  Besides,  the 
paper  used  was  of  the  cheapest  wood-pulp. 
As  we  have  now  plenty  of  light  reading  in  the 
library,  I  decided  to  exclude  these  books  as 
fast  as  they  became  unfit  for  circulation,  and 
did  not  see  the  necessity  for  renewal. 

"  As  in  all  libraries,  we  at  various  intervals 
expel  books  that  we  deem  of  too  morbid  a 
character  for  circulation  by  a  library  of  this 
kind.  The  aim  in  a  public  library  is,  of  course, 
to  obtain  literature  that  is  elevating,  not  litera- 
ture that  promotes  an  evil  influence." 

Boone  (fa.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending  June 
30, '97.)  Added  518;  total  436;  lost  5.  Issued, 
home  use  11,973  (fict.  8831);  visitors  to  reading- 
room,  18,679.  Receipts  $1511.66  ;  expenses 
$1154-39. 

Boston  P.  L.  The  most  valuable  accession 
to  the  library  obtained  by  Mr.  Putnam  during 
his  trip  abroad  is  a  full  bound  set  of  the  Lon- 
don Times,  from  1809  to  the  present;  the  pur- 
chase was  made  from  the  Todd  newspaper 
fund.  Several  thousand  unmounted  photo- 
graphs, most  of  which  were  purchased  in 
Italy,  will  also  be  added  to  the  library's  col- 
lection as  a  result  of  this  trip. 

Much  newspaper  comment  has  recently  been 
aroused  by  the  statement  made  in  a  Boston 
dispatch  to  the  N.  Y.  Evening  Post  that  users 
of  the  Boston  Public  Library  were  not  al- 
lowed free  access  to  the  writings  of  the  more 
violent  French  and  German  anarchists  and 
socialists,  as  instanced  by  La  Lanterne  and 
the  writings  of  Louise  Michel.  The  subject 
was  later  referred  to  Mr.  Putnam,  who  in  an 
interview  said  that  the  published  statements 
were  erroneous,  and  that  no  books  were  re- 
stricted from  circulation  because  of  political 
theories,  but  only  for  moral  reasons. 


Bridgeport  (Ct.)  P.  L.  (:6th  rpt.)  Added 
2406;  total  29,835.  Issued,  home  use  145,694 
(fict.  and  juv.  64  #);  ref.  use  15,087;  art  studies 
issued  530.  Sunday  attendance  10,266.  New 
registration  1455;  total  re-registration  10,060. 
Receipts  $26,135.38;  expenses  $13,508.60  (bal- 
ance of  $12,626.78  is  to  meet  expenses  to 
April  i,  1898.) 

The  year's  circulation  is  the  highest  ever 
reached  by  the  library;  "  it  is  not,  however, 
the  increased  quantity  of  reading  done  which 
affords  the  board  special  pleasure,  but  the 
great  improvement  in  its  quality."  A  review 
is  given  of  the  changes  wrought  in  this  direc- 
tion during  the  16  years  of  the  library's  exist- 
ence, and  of  the  various  factors  that  have  in- 
fluenced this  change,  one  of  the  most  potent  of 
which  is  the  series  of  art  exhibitions  held  each 
year.  ' '  An  author-catalog  of  fiction,  and  a  sup- 
plement to  the  finding  list  of  solid  books  were 
issued  before  Christmas,  and  a  complete  author 
list  of  juvenile  works  is  nearly  ready.  The 
card  catalog  is  in  process  of  thorough  revision." 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  The  formal  opening 
of  the  library  as  a  free  public  institution  oc- 
curred on  the  evening  of  Sept.  I,  when  a  large- 
ly attended  reception  was  held  at  the  library 
building.  All  departments  were  thrown  open 
for  inspection,  and  the  library  staff  acted  as 
guides,  showing  the  visitors  through  the  rooms 
and  explaining  the  changes  in  arrangement. 
The  brief  exercises  were  opened  with  an  ad- 
dress by  N.  W.  Norton,  president  of  the  library 
board,  who  gave  a  summary  of  the  history  of 
the  movement  which  culminated  in  the  reor- 
ganization of  the  library,  and  spoke  of  the 
part  it  should  henceforth  play  in  the  civic  and 
educational  development  of  Buffalo.  The 
speaker  of  the  evening  was  Dr.  J.  S.  Billings, 
director  of  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
whose  address  on  the  "  Use  and  opportunities 
of  a  free  public  library"  was  eloquent,  inspir- 
ing, and  full  of  practical  suggestion. 

On  the  following  morning  the  regular  rou- 
tine of  the  library  began,  and  nearly  1000  books 
were  issued  before  night.  Over  8000  names 
had  been  registered  before  the  opening,  and 
there  was  no  slackening  in  the  applications. 
The  library  starts  work  under  promising  au- 
spices, and  its  newly  decorated  and  altered 
quarters  are  thoroughly  attractive  and  satis- 
factory. 

Cedar  Rapids,  la.  Masonic  L.  The  library, 
which  holds  a  foremost  place  in  extent  and  ad- 
ministration among  Masonic  libraries,  is  the 
subject  of  an  interesting  paper  in  the  Freema- 
son's Repository  for  June,  1897,  p.  450.  "  It  is 
believed  that  this  library  contains  the  largest 
collection  of  valuable  Masonic  curios,  proceed- 
ings, addresses,  sermons,  and  everything  bear- 
ing the  mark  of  the  craft  upon  it  to  be  found  in 
any  part  of  the  globe."  Its  development  is 
largely  the  result  of  the  devotion  of  the  grand 
secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Iowa,  T.  S. 
Parvin,  who  has  been  an  indefatigable  worker 
in  its  behalf.  The  article  is  illustrated  with 
views  of  the  library,  and  with  a  portrait  of  Mr. 
Parvin. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


449 


Chicago.  Ne-wberry  L.  The  library  recently 
inaugurated  a  novel  plan  for  collecting  genea- 
logical records  of  Chicago  citizens.  A  letter 
was  sent  to  the  principal  of  every  grammar  and 
high  school  in  the  city,  asking  that  each  pupil 
of  sufficient  age  be  requested  to  fill  in  on 
printed  blanks  an  account  of  his  or  her  family. 
These  blanks  will  be  filed  in  the  library  and 
properly  recorded  for  easy  consultation,  so  that 
they  may  be  referred  to  at  any  time. 

The  blank  is  divided  into  three  sections,  the 
first  being  as  follows:  "In  order  to  make  the 
genealogical  department  of  this  library  as  com- 
plete as  possible  in  the  family  history  of  the 
city  of  Chicago  and  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  it  is 
particularly  desired  that  you  answer  the  follow- 
ing questions  at  your  earliest  convenience.  If 
you  cannot  answer  all  the  questions  please  an- 
swer as  many  as  possible:  Your  name.... 
Born,  when Born,  where. .  . .  Your  occu- 
pation. .  .  .  Address. . .  .  Your  father's  name  in 

full Born,  when Where Married, 

when....  Where By  whom....  Your 

mother's  name  in  full. . .  .  Born,  when. . . . 
Where....  Name  of  mother's  father. ...  Maid- 
en name  of  mother's  mother. . . .  Occupation  of 
your  father....  Address....  Father  died, 
when....  Where....  Age..,.  Mother  died, 
when  ...  Where....  Age....  Mention  briefly 
all  offices,  degrees  of  colleges,  honors,  military 
service  or  other  noteworthy  occurrences. 

"  Give  names  of  children,  when  born,  and  to 
whom  married." 

The  two  remaining  sections  provide  for  a  de- 
tailed statement  of  the  families  of  the  grand- 
father and  great-grandfather  similar  to  that 
concerning  the  father's  household. 

Chicago.  Univ.  of  Chicago  Settlement.  Two 
years  ago  a  free  lending  library  was  opened 
with  200  books  —  mostly  standard  works.  Ad- 
ditions have  been  made  from  time  to  time  un- 
til the  library  at  present  numbers  about  1200 
books,  not  enough  to  satisfy  the  1050  whose 
names  are  on  the  register.  Besides  this  cen- 
tral library  the  Settlement  has  placed  six  home 
libraries  in  the  neighborhood.  The  favorite 
author  is  Dickens  but  the  most  popular  book  is 
the  "Scottish  chiefs";  "Pilgrim's  progress" 
is  often  called  for.  The  women  often  ask  for 
"short  stories,"  as  many  are  so  busy  that 
they  have  no  time  for  long  novels.  Biography, 
history,  and  poetry  are  asked  for  by  public 
school  teachers  and  children  in  the  higher 
grades.  Foreigners  who  are  still  wrestling 
with  the  English  language  ask  for  books  in 
simple  easy  words.  Works  in  Polish,  Bo- 
hemian, and  German  would  be  eagerly  taken  if 
we  had  them.  The  present  library  has  afforded 
the  residents  of  the  Settlement  an  opportunity 
to  make  many  acquaintances  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. The  residents  have  especially  appreci- 
ated the  use  they  have  been  able  to  make  of 
the  library  in  guiding  the  children  into  profit- 
able reading.  A  circulating  collection  of  pict- 
ures is  ready  for  loaning  in  the  fall.. —  Univ.  of 
Chic.  Record,  Aug.  13,  1897. 

Cleveland  (O.)  P.  L.  At  a  meeting  of  the  li- 
brary board  on  Aug.  2,  a  resolution  was  adopted 


providing  for  the  issue  of  $250,000  worth  of 
bonds,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 
act  passed  by  the  legislature  in  April,  1896,  to 
be  devoted  to  the  purchase  of  a  site  and  the 
erection  and  equipment  of  a  new  library  build- 
ing. The  act  requires  that  the  bonds  shall  be 
of  the  denomination  of  $1000  each,  shall  run 
for  20  years,  and  shall  bear  interest  at  five  per 
cent.  No  announcement  of  the  site  of  the  pro- 
posed building  has  yet  been  made. 

At  the  same  meeting  it  was  resolved  to  re- 
move the  age  limit  which  has  heretofore  re- 
stricted the  use  of  the  library  to  persons  over 
12  years  of  age.  It  was  also  decided  to  provide 
badges  for  the  members  of  the  Library  League. 

Colorado  State  Hist.  Soc.,  Denver.  The  so- 
ciety has  decided  to  establish  an  historical  and 
reference  library  in  the  capitol  building,  where 
it  hopes  to  obtain  the  use  of  seven  unoccupied 
rooms  in  the  basement,  which  will  give  accom- 
modation for  150,000  v.  The  society  has  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  thousands  of  docu- 
ments and  similar  material,  and  it  is  proposed 
to  make  this  the  nucleus  of  a  well-rounded  and 
valuable  library  on  Colorado  history.  Two 
years  ago  when  the  state  offices  were  removed 
to  the  new  capitol  several  tons  of  documents 
were  burned  to  get  them  out  of  the  way.  This 
indicates  that  some  systematic  care  of  the 
state's  literature  is  desirable. 

Decatur  (III.}  F.  P.  L.  The  library  suffered 
a  serious  loss  on  Aug.  20,  in  the  death  of  Dr. 
William  A.  Barnes,  president  of  the  library 
board.  Dr.  Barnes  had  held  that  position  for 
over  21  years,  and  his  personal  interest  in  and 
devotion  to  the  development  of  the  library  were 
always  to  be  relied  on.  He  knew  its  history 
and  needs  to  the  smallest  detail,  and  acted  for 
its  welfare  with  intimate  intelligence  and  thor- 
oughness. 

Dunkirk,  N.  Y.  Darwin  fi.  Barker  F.  L. 
(Rpt. — year  ending  June  r,  '97.)  Added  514; 
total  4736.  Issued,  home  use  27,282  (fict.  76 %). 
Cardholders  1306.  Receipts  $1180.87;  expenses 
$759.78. 

This  report  covers  the  first  year's  work  of 
the  library  as  a  free  public  library.  "The 
fact  of  a  circulation  of  27,282  volumes  with 
1306  cardholders  in  1896-97,  as  against  4279 
volumes  with  240  subscribers,  the  highest  fig- 
ures we  attained  under  the  subscription  sys- 
tem, affords  a  contrast  which  needs  no  other 
argument  to  prove  the  popular  appreciation  of 
the  change."  Unrestricted  access  is  given  to  all 
shelves.  The  appropriation  for  the  library  is 
but  $350  a  year,  to  which  was  added  this  year 
a  balance  of  $500,  saved  from  the  preliminary 
equipment  fund.  The  women  managers  say, 
"  We  imagine  few  villages  have  had  a  circula- 
tion of  27,282  volumes  from  an  appropriation 
of  $350  a  year,"  and  they  ask  that  the  sum  be 
increased  $500. 

Glen  Haven  (N.  Y.)  P.  L,  The  eTolution  of 
the  Glen  Haven  library  was  described  by  Miss 
Phelps,  its  creator,  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  for 
August,  1896  (p.  362-364).  This  summer  Miss 
Phelps  has  continued  her  successful  efforts  to 


45° 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


raise  money  and  obtain  books  for  the  cause  from 
the  summer  visitors  to  the  region,  and  as  a  re- 
sult the  library  now  contains  over  500  v.,  and  a 
fair  sum  has  been  put  aside  as  a  building  fund. 
Miss  Phelps  recently  obtained  the  refusal  of  a 
small  tract  of  land  opposite  the  school-house  in 
which  the  library  is  now  housed,  and  on  this 
she  hopes  before  long  to  build  a  permanent 
home  for  the  library. 

Illinois  State  Hist.  L.  (4th  biennial  rpt.,  Dec. 
17,  "94-Dec.  17,  '96.)  Added  1712;  total  6256. 
Lack  of  space  and  lack  of  funds  are  "  the  two 
leading  defects  in  the  present  condition  and 
affairs  of  the  library."  The  annual  appropria- 
tion, originally  $2500,  is  now  but  $1000,  and 
the  trustees  strongly  urge  that  it  be  restored  to 
its  first  figure. 

Indianapolis  (Ind.)  P.  L.  (23d  rpt.,  1896-97.) 
Added  5981;  total  68,933.  Issued  321,389;  of 
which  22,948  were  issued  during  the  past  six 
months  through  the  12  delivery  stations  and 
from  the  five  branch  libraries. 

Janesville  (  Wis.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
June  30,  '97.)  Added  1212;  total  14,669.  Is- 
sued, home  use  39,471,  an  increase  of  10,210 
over  the  circulation  of  the  previous  year.  Re- 
ceipts $3848.34;  expenses  $3360.72. 

Joliet  (III.)  P.  L.  Added  1359;  total  13,648. 
Issued,  home  use  65,177;  lib.  use  1638.  New 
registration  786. 

Keokuk  (la.)  P.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  ending 
June  30,  "97.)  Added  751;  total  10,971.  Is- 
sued, home  use  61,711  (net.  55,357).  New  cards 
issued  639;  total  cardholders  3792.  Receipts 
$2337.85;  expenses  $2276.38. 

Leadwlle  (Colo.)  P.  L.  A.  The  association 
was  incorporated  on  Aug.  20,  its  objects  being 
"  to  cultivate  a  taste  for  good  literature 
among  the  citizens  of  Leadville,  and  to  have 
and  maintain  a  public  library  building  in  that 
city." 

Ledyard,  Ct.  Bill  L.  A.  At  the  3Oth  annual 
meeting  of  the  association,  held  Aug.  25,  a 
resolution  was  passed  abolishing  the  annual 
membership  fee  heretofore  charged,  and  mak- 
ing the  library  entirely  free  to  the  public. 

Louisville.  Polytechnic  Soc.  of  fCy.  L.  (Rpt., 
p.  15-17  of  Proceedings,  1897.)  Added  847; 
total  50,343.  Issued,  home  use  24,765;  lib.  use 
53.455;  total  78,220,  of  which  51,911  were  fic- 
tion. Visitors  91,283;  membership  443. 

The  library  committee  regret  that  there  has 
not  been  a  greater  growth  in  the  use  of  the  li- 
brary and  a  larger  increase  in  membership. 

Madison  (  Wis.)  F.  L.  The  librarian's  statis- 
tics for  the  year  ending  July  i  show  a  total  of 
14,681  v.  in  the  library,  and  a  home  circulation 
of  70,975- 

Minneapolis  (Minn.)  P.  L.  On  Aug.  3  the 
library  board  authorized  the  adoption  of  the 
two-book  system.  At  the  same  time  the  use  of 
the  linotype  for  library  printing  was  considered, 
and  it  was  decided  to  adopt  this  method  for 
the  future. 


NewBedford(Mass.\P.  L.  (45th  rpt.)  Add- 
ed 3203;  total  not  given.  Issued,  home  use 
116,625  (fict.  and  juv.  61  %).  New  cards  issued 
1134.  Receipts  $15, 689.20;  expenses  $16,524.70. 

There  has  been  a  marked  increase  in  the  use 
of  the  library  during  the  year,  and  several 
changes  in  methods  of  administration  have 
been  made.  The  cataloging  and  reclassifica- 
tion  have  been  practically  completed,  and  the 
dictionary  card  catalog  has  been  widely  ap- 
preciated. The  Browne  charging  system  has 
been  adopted.  An  open  shelf  for  new  books 
has  proved  very  popular,  and  an  information- 
desk  has  been  established.  More  room  is  bad- 
ly needed,  especially  for  separating  and  enlarg- 
ing the  reference  and  reading  rooms  and  for 
obtaining  additional  shelving. 

Newark,  N.  J.  Seton  Hall  College  L.  A 
handsome  new  building  is  to  be  erected  for  the 
college  library,  plans  for  which  have  already 
been  accepted.  It  will  cost  about  $35,000,  and 
will  be  connected  with  the  main  college  build- 
ings. 

Oakland  (Cal.)  F.  L.  Added  2085;  total  25,- 
197.  Issued,  home  use  149,270;  ref.  use  36,000; 
visitors  to  ref.  room  25,219.  Receipts  $18,013. 12; 
expenses  $17,856.01. 

It  has  been  decided  to  request  an  addition 
of  $2000  to  the  estimate  for  the  new  year,  to  be 
devoted  to  the  establishment  and  support  of 
two  branch  reading-rooms. 

Passaic  (N.  J.)  P.  Z.  At  the  August  meeting 
of  the  board  of  trustees  it  was  decided  to  adopt 
the  two-book  system. 

Philadelphia,  Franklin  Institute  L.  Altera- 
tions are  in  process  at  the  institute  which  will 
give  the  library  a  new  and  fireproof  stack- 
room,  and  will  permit  the  rearrangement  of 
the  books  in  a  much  more  adequate  and  con- 
venient manner.  The  stack  will  be  installed  in 
the  main  building,  and  the  second  story  of  the 
back  building,  now  largely  occupied  by  shelv- 
ing, will  be  used  exclusively  as  a  reading-room 
and  for  the  display  of  the  mineral  collections. 
The  contract  for  the  stack  has  been  awarded  to 
the  Fenton  Metallic  Manufacturing  Co. ;  it  is 
to  be  two  stories  high,  of  steel  and  glass, 
with  a  capacity  for  64,000  v.  The  building 
alterations  will  be  completed  by  Oct.  i  and  the 
stack  will  be  in  place  by  Dec.  i.  The  books 
will  be  moved  into  the  new  quarters  without 
any  change  in  the  present  classification,  but  it 
is  hoped  that  the  entire  collection  may  be  re- 
arranged and  classified  according  to  the  Deci- 
mal classification. 

Philadelphia  F,  L.  During  the  first  six 
months  of  the  present  year  the  library  has 
issued  836,898  v.,  as  against  670,842  for  the 
same  period  in  1896.  If  the  record  for  the 
second  six  months  of  the  year  should  not  even 
exceed  those  figures,  the  circulation  for  1897 
would  amount  to  1,500,000  v. 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Adriance  P.  L.  The 
corner-stone  of  the  Adriance  memorial  library 
building  was  laid  on  Aug.  10  with  Masonic 
ceremonies.  The  building,  which  will  cost 


September,  '97] 


$75,000,  is  the  gift  of  the  family  of  the  late 
John  P.  Adriance,  long  a  resident  of  the  city; 
it  is  to  be  finished  by  Dec.  i. 

Port  Jervis  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  (Rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing June  30,  '97.)  Added  1048;  total  8256. 
Issued,  home  use  22,358. 

The  use  of  the  two-card  system  has  increased 
the  circulation  of  "  solid"  literature. 

Reading  (Pa.)  L.  The  library  will  become 
free  on  Jan.  i  next,  when  the  mortgage  of 
$10,500  upon  the  property  will  be  cancelled. 
The  money  for  the  purpose  was  obtained  by  a 
committee  of  citizens  who  have  interested 
themselves  in  the  movement  for  a  free  library, 
and  21  subscriptions  of  $500  each  were  secured 
for  that  purpose. 

Riverside  (Cal.)  P.  L.  (Rpt. — year  ending 
July  i,  '97.)  Added  1103;  total  9044.  Issued, 
home  use  54,521  (fict.  84$);  no  record  of  ref. 
use  is  kept.  New  registration  957;  total  card- 
holders 3766.  Receipts  $4061.78;  expenses 
$2881.35. 

Free  access  is  permitted  to  all  books  except 
fiction.  The  librarian  recommends  the  adop- 
tion of  the  two-book  system,  the  establishment 
of  a  special  "new  book"  table  or  shelf,  and 
the  issue  of  a  supplement  to  the  finding  list. 

Rome,  N.  Y.  Jervis  L.  (Rpt.)  Added  1033; 
total  11,563.  Issued,  home  use  46,436  (fict. 
73#.)  New  registration  811;  total  registration 
3UI. 

Rutherford(N.J.}F.L.A.  (sd  rpt.)  Added 
347;  total  1875.  Issued,  home  use  9652  (fict. 
7499).  New  cards  issued  313;  total  cards  is- 
sued 860.  Receipts  $1120.53;  expenses  $823.57. 

During  the  year  the  library  was  installed  in 
the  attractive  building  given  to  the  association 
by  Mr.  D.  B.  Ivison. 

Syracuse  (N.  Y.)  Central  L.  A  children's 
room  has  been  established  on  the  third  floor  of 
the  library  building,  in  the  room  formerly  used 
for  the  storage  of  public  documents  and  news- 
papers. 

Trenton,  Mo.  Jewett  Norris  F.  L.  (Rpt.— 
year  ending  June  30,  '97.)  Added  574;  total 
4574.  Issued,  home  use  16,675  (fict.  86.28  #). 
Cardholders  1745. 

University  of  the  State  of  N.  Y.  (logth  rpt., 
1895,  transmitted  to  the  legislature  Feb.  n,  1896. 
2  v.  O.)  These  volumes  contain  the  reports  and 
bulletins  issued  from  or  devoted  to  the  Admin- 
istrative department  of  the  Regents'  office  dur- 
ing 1895.  Those  that  concern  library  matters 
have  before  this  been  summarized  in  the  L.  j. 
The  secretary's  report,  covering  p.  1-99,  was 
noted  in  last  month's  issue  (August,  p.  411- 
412);  besides  this  there  are  included  as  ap- 
pendixes the  "  Summary  of  educational  legis- 
lation in  1895"  ;  "  Abstracts  of  the  annual  re- 
ports of  the  colleges"  of  the  university,  with 
statistical  tables;  and  "  Abstracts  of  annual  re- 
ports of  high  schools  and  academies,"  with 
statistical  tables. 

Washington,  D.  C.  U.  S.  Congressional  L. 
Thomas  W.  Lloyd,  once  an  assistant  in  the 


Law  Library,  was  on  Aug.  20  arrested  for 
stealing  valuable  books  from  that  library.  The 
books  were  obtained  for  alcove  use,  and  car- 
ried off  one  or  two  at  a  time.  He  was  ar- 
raigned on  Aug.  22,  when  Librarian  Curtis,  of 
the  Law  Library,  testified  that  his  thefts 
amounted  to  probably  $400.  Lloyd  made  no 
defence,  save  entering  a  plea  that  he  had 
stolen  on  account  of  poverty  and  privation. 
He  was  sentenced  to  a  year's  imprisonment. 
He  was  formerly  a  lawyer,  and  later  held  a 
position  in  the  library,  which  it  is  said  was  lost 
through  intemperate  habits. 

Wilmington  (Del.)  Institute  F.  L.  (Rpt.  — 
n  months,  April  i,  '96 -Feb.  28,  '97.)  This 
is  the  4Oth  report  of  the  institute,  but  the  third 
of  the  library  since  it  was  made  free.  The  ad- 
ditions for  the  period  covered  were  3025;  total 
28,630.  Issued,  home  use  138,051  (main  1. 
fict.  57. i#,  juv.  31.5$;  branch  1.  fict.  26.4$, 
juv.  51.6$).  New  registration  1084;  total  cards 
in  use  10,423.  Receipts  $13,204.84;  expenses 
$13,175.21. 

The  circulation  in  "the  two  popular  depart- 
ments of  fiction  and  juveniles  have  together 
been  increased  a  third,  and  yet  the  ratio  of 
percentages  for  all  classes  is  scarcely  affected. 
It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  our  fiction  circulates 
itself  and  other  books  too;  I  believe  this  is  the 
uniform  experience  of  libraries  with  open 
shelves  and  the  two-book  system." 

The  card  catalog  now  includes  all  books  in 
the  library,  and  the  3400  v.  of  bound  period- 
icals have  been  shelf-listed  and  cataloged. 
Changes  have  been  made  in  the  arrangement 
of  the  reference-room  that  have  facilitated  its 
work,  and  in  this  room  shelves  of  books  have 
been  reserved  for  clubs,  teachers,  and  school- 
children. In  October  the  children's  books 
were  arranged  in  a  separate  alcove,  which  has 
proved  very  popular.  "Speaking  approxi- 
mately, the  library  has  4000  juvenile  card- 
holders, and  circulates  each  month  twice  as 
many  juvenile  books  as  it  has,  or  one  to  each 
cardholder." 

Winona,  Minn.  The  corner-stone  of  the  li- 
brary building  given  to  Winona  by  W.  H.  Laird, 
as  previously  described  in  the  L.  j.  (July,  p. 
364),  was  laid  on  Aug.  26. 

Winsted,  Ct.  Work  has  been  begun  on  the 
library  building  to  be  given  to  Winsted  by  J.  J. 
Whiting,  and  in  which  it  is  probable  that  the 
Beardsley  Library  of  West  Winsted  may  be 
housed  and  conducted  as  a  free  library. 

FOREIGN. 

Leeds  (Eng.)  P.  (F.)  Ls.  (27th  rpt.)  Added, 
ref.  1.  1658  ;  total  52,848 ;  issued  136,037  ; 
visitors  to  magazine  and  newspaper  tables 
427,320.  Added,  central  lending  1.  and  23 
branches  9460  ;  total  141,831  ;  issued,  home  use 
850, 129 (fict.,  poetry  and  drama 469, 650).  Card- 
holders 28,379.  Receipts  ^8111  2s.  nd.;  ex- 
penses .£7021  I5J.  id. 

Madrid,  Bibl.  Nacionale.  The  library  of  the 
late  prime  minister,  Sefior  Canovas  del  Castillo, 
who  was  assassinated  by  an  anarchist  on  Aug. 


452 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{September,  '97 


8,  has  been  bequeathed  to  the  National  Li- 
brary. Senor  Canovas*  collection  comprised 
about  30,000  v.,  many  of  which  are  extremely 
rare  ;  it  included  a  copy  of  the  second  edition 
of  "  Don  Quixote." 

Tokyo  (Japan)  L.  (Rpt.,  1896.)  The  usual 
English  summary  of  statistics  accompanies  the 
report,  which  is  printed  in  Japanese.  Added 
3941,  of  which  845  were  European;  total  149,- 
743,  of  which  31,702  are  European.  During 
the  336  days  the  library  was  open  it  was  visited 
by  74,034  readers,  a  daily  average  of  220.3. 
There  were  461,846  v.  read,  an  increase  of 
37,309  over  the  previous  year.  The  library  is 
for  reference  only. 

lOnfts  an&  Bequests. 

Kingston,  N.  H.  J.  Howard  Nichols,  of 
Boston,  has  offered  to  give  to  the  town  of 
Kingston  a  public  library  to  cost  about  $10,000; 
it  will  be  a  memorial  to  Mr.  Nichols's  father 
and  mother.  At  a  town  meeting  held  July  23 
the  gift  was  accepted  and  a  site  was  decided 
upon. 

Leland  Stanford  Jr.  Univ.  L.  The  library 
has  recently  received  a  valuable  collection  of 
books  and  manuscripts  devoted  to  Australian 
literature,  from  Thomas  Stanford,  of  Australia, 
a  brother  of  ex-Senator  Leland  Stanford.  The 
collection  comprises  about  2500  v.  and  3000 
pamphlets. 

Lunenberg,  Mass.  At  a  town  meeting  held 
Aug  21,  it  was  voted  to  decline  an  offer  of 
$10,000  for  a  library  building,  recently  made  to 
the  town  by  Mrs.  Mary  S.  Spaulding,  of  Groton. 
The  refusal  was  due  to  the  conditions  attached 
to  the  gift.  These  were  :  the  payment  to  Mrs. 
Spaulding  by  the  town  of  six  per  cent,  interest 
on  the  money  during  her  lifetime,  the  building 
becoming  at  her  death  the  property  of  the 
town;  the  devotion  of  the  entire  sum  to  the 
construction  of  a  building,  its  equipment  and 
maintenance  to  devolve  upon  the  town  ;  and 
the  choice  of  one  of  two  sites  named  by  the 
donor.  It  was  also  required  that  the  library  be 
named  the  Spaulding  Library. 

Menasha  (  Wis.)  P.  L.  E.  D.  Smith,  of  Mena- 
sha,  has  given  $25,000  to  the  library  for  a  new 
building.  The  library,  which  was  started  by 
public  subscription,  was  opened  Sept.  23,  1896; 
a  membership  fee  of  fi  is  charged.  A  celebra- 
tion in  honor  of  Mr.  Smith's  gift  was  held  on 
July  17,  and  was  attended  by  3000  persons. 
Fireworks,  speeches,  and  music  were  the  order 
of  the  evening. 

Middletown,  N.  J.  By  the  will  of  the  late 
Mrs.  Marietta  Thrall,  of  Middletown,  the  city 
is  left  $50,000,  of  which  $30,000  is  to  be  devoted 
to  the  erection  of  a  library  building  to  be  known 
as  the  Thrall  Library  Building. 

Milwaukee  (  Wis.)  P.  L.  The  library's  fund 
for  the  purchase  of  art-books  was  increased  on 
July  13  by  the  gift  of  $10,000  from  Mrs.  Caro- 
line Metcalf ,  to  be  given  in  instalments  of  $2000 


a  year.  The  first  instalment  was  paid  when  the 
gift  was  announced.  The  books  bought  with 
the  money  are  to  form  the  Metcalf  collection. 

Univ.  of  California  L.,  Berkeley.  The  libra- 
ry has  received  from  Mr.  Collis  P.  Huntington 
the  magnificent  collection  of  Spanish  manu- 
scripts and  books,  pamphlets  and  documents 
relating  to  the  history  of  California  since  its 
American  occupation,  gathered  by  Col.  J.  L. 
Warren  and  Robert  Cowan,  of  San  Francisco. 
It  is  said  to  be  second  only  to  the  H.  H.  Ban- 
croft collection. 


^Librarians. 


BERRY,  Silas  H.,  for  several  years  past  li- 
brarian of  the  Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
Library,  has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the 
New  York  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Library,  succeeding  the 
late  Reuben  B.  Poole.  Since  Mr.  Poole's  death 
in  1895  the  library  has  been  without  a  librarian, 
Werner  Jonghaus,  formerly  first  assistant, 
serving  as  acting  librarian.  Mr.  Jonghaus  will 
continue  in  the  position  of  assistant  librarian. 
Mr.  Berry  will  have  charge  of  the  removal  of 
the  library  from  the  present  building  to  the  fine 
new  fireproof  quarters  in  the  West-side  branch 
on  52d  street,  which  will  be  entered  early  in 
September. 

BUCHANAN,  Samuel,  was  on  Aug.  3  appointed 
librarian  of  the  East  St.  Louis  (111.)  Public  Li- 
brary, succeeding  Miss  Minnie  Turner,  acting 
librarian,  who  was  made  first  assistant. 

BURSCH,  Daniel  F.  W.,  has  not  resigned  his 
position  of  librarian  of  the  Portland  (Ore.)  Li- 
brary Association,  as  was  erroneously  stated 
in  the  August  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  but  was 
called  east  some  weeks  since  by  the  illness  of 
a  brother,  and  was  granted  a  three-months' 
leare  of  absence  by  the  library  board.  D.  P. 
Leach,  chief  assistant,  was  made  acting  libra- 
rian during  his  absence.  Mr.  Bursch  writes  : 
"Circumstances  will  probably  make  it  neces- 
sary for  me  to  relinquish  my  chosen  profession 
for  a  time,  but  I  desire  to  have  it  understood 
that  I  am  not  giving  it  up  because  it  is  no 
longer  my  preferred  work." 

CALKINS,  Miss  Emma  J.,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  Racine  (Wis.)  Public  Library, 
succeeding  Miss  Elizabeth  P.  Clarke,  who  or- 
ganized the  library.  Miss  Calkins  is  a  gradu- 
ate of  Armour  Institute  Library  School,  class 
of  1895-96. 

CLARK,  Thomas  H.,  of  Montgomery,  Ala., 
has  been  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Law 
Library,  which  is  virtually  a  department  of  the 
Congressional  Library.  Mr.  Clark  is  a  lawyer 
and  newspaper  man,  who  has  been  active  in 
the  sound-money  Democratic  movement  in 
Alabama.  He  is  especially  interested  in  the 
literature  of  his  state,  and  in  an  address  on 
"Historical  Alabama,"  delivered  before  the 
literary  societies  of  Alabama  Polytechnic  In- 
stitute in  1893,  he  manifested  a  sound  appreci- 
tion  of  the  work  of  libraries  as  preservers  of 
historical  material. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


453 


GRIFFIN,  Appleton  P.  C.,  was  on  Sept.  I 
appointed  one  of  the  assistant  librarians  of  the 
Congressional  Library.  Mr.  Griffin's  impor- 
tant services  to  bibliography,  in  his  various 
bibliographies  of  American  historical  societies 
and  of  historical  literature,  are  familiar  to  all 
interested  in  library  work,  and  his  appointment 
is  a  gratifying  one.  Mr.  Griffin  was  for  years 
connected  with  the  Boston  Public  Library, 
where,  as  superintendent  of  the  catalog  de- 
partment, his  work  on  the  quarterly  bulletins 
was  most  valuable.  In  1894  he  left  that  li- 
brary and  undertook  special  cataloging  for  the 
Boston  Athenaeum,  together  with  independent 
bibliographical  labors  for  the  American  His- 
torical Association.  The  great  "  Catalogue  of 
the  Washington  collection,"  just  published  by 
the  Athenaeum,  was  compiled  and  annotated 
by  Mr.  Griffin,  and  is  a  monument  to  his  bib- 
liographical skill. 

HANSON,  James  Christian,  head  cataloger  of 
the  University  of  Wisconsin  Library,  Madison, 
was  on  Sept.  i  appointed  Chief  of  the  Catalog 
Department  of  the  Congressional  Library.  Mr. 
Hanson,  who  is  a  graduate  of  Cornell,  and  a  fine 
linguist, was  cataloger  in  the  Newberry  Library, 
Chicago,  before  accepting  the  position  in  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  which  he  has  held  for 
four  years  past.  He  has  been  a  member  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  since  1893. 

KIMBALL,  Arthur  R.,  formerly  state  librarian 
of  New  Hampshire,  was  on  Sept.  i  appointed 
an  assistant  librarian  of  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary. Mr.  Kimball  as  state  librarian  of  New 
Hampshire  did  admirable  service  in  arranging 
state  documents,  cataloging  them  adequately 
and  making  them  available  to  the  public,  and 
since  his  retirement  from  that  office  in  1894  he 
has  maintained  his  interest  in  library  affairs. 
He  is  one  of  the  active  members  of  the  New 
Hampshire  Library  Association,  in  which  he 
has  also  served  as  secretary,  and  he  has  been 
a  member  of  the  A.  L.  A.  since  1890. 

LoNGSTREET-DoRTCH.  Miss  Ellen  Dortch, 
assistant  librarian  of  the  Georgia  State  Library, 
and  Gen.  James  Longstreet,  the  well-known 
Confederate  veteran,  were  married  on  Sept.  8, 
at  the  home  of  Gov.  Atkinson,  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 
Miss  Dortch,  who  has  been  for  some  years  as- 
sistant librarian  in  the  state  library,  was  one  of 
the  chief  candidates  for  the  office  of  state  libra- 
rian on  the  expiration  of  Captain  Milledge's 
term  of  office  this  year,  and  succeeded  in  ob- 
taining the  passage  by  the  last  legislature  of 
a  bill  making  women  eligible  to  that  office. 

ORR,  Charles,  librarian  of  the  Case  Library, 
Cleveland,  O.,  has  recently  completed  work  on 
a  "History  of  the  Pequot  war,"  based  upon 
the  contemporary  accounts  of  Mason,  Under- 
hill,  Vincent,  and  Gardiner,  which  he  has  edited 
and  furnished  with  notes  and  an  introduction. 
The  book  is  announced  for  early  issue  by  the 
Helman-Taylor  Co.  of  Cleveland. 

PIERCE-FERNALD.  Miss  Harriet  Converse 
Fernald,  late  librarian  of  Maine  State  College, 
Orono,  and  John  Alvin  Pierce,  of  Spokane, 


Wash.,  were  married  on  August  17,  at  the 
home  of  the  bride's  parents,  Orono,  Me. 
Miss  Fernald,  who  is  a  graduate  of  the  New 
York  State  Library  School,  class  of  1888,  has 
had  charge  of  the  Maine  State  College  Library 
for  several  years  past,  and  has  been  an  active 
worker  in  the  Maine  State  Library  Association. 
Mr.  Pierce,  who  was  graduated  from  Colum- 
bia University  in  1888  with  the  degree  of  LL.B., 
is  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  Spokane  county, 
Wash.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pierce  will  make  their 
home  in  Spokane. 

REMMINGER,  Miss  Elizabeth  D.,  a  graduate 
of  the  Pratt  Institute  Library  School,  class  of 
1895-96,  has  been  appointed  librarian  of  the 
Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Catholic  Institute,  succeeding 
Miss  Eleanor  E.  Davie. 

RICE,  William,  D.D.,  librarian  for  36  years 
of  the  City  Library  Association  in  Springfield, 
Mass.,  died  in  that  city,  after  two  weeks'  ill- 
ness, on  Aug.  17,  aged  76  years.  An  estimate 
of  Dr.  Rice's  work  in  the  Springfield  Library 
is  given  elsewhere  in  this  issue  (see  p.  437). 

RICORD,  Frederick  W.,  librarian  of  the  New 
Jersey  Historical  Society,  died  at  his  home  in 
Newark,  N.  J.,  on  Aug.  12.  Mr.  Ricord  was 
born  in  the  Island  of  Guadaloupe  in  1819,  and 
was  a  graduate  of  Rutgers  College,  studying 
law  in  Geneva  after  his  graduation.  In  1849 
he  was  appointed  librarian  of  the  Newark  Li- 
brary Association,  now  the  Free  Public  Li- 
brary, with  which  he  was  connected  for  many 
years.  He  also  occupied  various  official  posi- 
tions, being  for  16  years  a  member  of  the  board 
of  education  of  Newark,  and  in  1869  and  1871 
was  elected  mayor  of  Newark.  Mr.  Ricord  is 
well  known  by  his  translations  from  the 
French  ;  he  also  published  an  English  gram- 
mar, a  history  of  Rome,  and  only  recently  com- 
pleted a  translation  of  thecomedies  of  Terence. 
His  collection  of  Terence  is  said  to  be  one  of 
the  finest  in  the  country.  He  leaves  a  widow 
and  four  children. 

SLAUSON,  Allen  B.,  was  appointed  on  Sept.  i 
Superintendent  of  Periodical  and  Newspaper 
Departments  of  the  Congressional  Library. 
Mr.  Slauson  is  an  Oregon  man,  and  for  several 
years  past  has  been  Washington  correspond- 
ent for  several  Oregon  papers.  He  is  a  grad- 
uate of  Cornell. 

SMITH,  Miss  Bessie  S.,  has  been  appointed 
librarian  of  the  Harlem  Library  of  New  York 
City,  which  was  made  a  free  public  library  on 
Sept.  2.  Miss  Smith  is  a  graduate  of  Wellesley 
College,  and  a  graduate  also  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  1896-97. 

STONE,  Frederick  Dawson,  librarian  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Historical  Society,  died  suddenly 
of  heart  failure  on  Aug.  12,  at  his  home  in  Ger- 
mantown,  to  which  he  had  returned  a  week 
before  from  a  trip  to  the  Catskills.  Dr.  Stone 
was  born  in  Philadelphia,  April  8,  1841,  and 
after  attending  private  schools  entered  his 
father's  firm  of  John  Stone  &  Sons,  dealers  in 
wholesale  millinery.  In  1876  he  became  libra- 
rian of  the  Historical  Society,  and  held  that. 


454 


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[September,  '97 


position  until  his  death.  He  was  recognized 
as  an  authority  on  matters  pertaining  to  the 
early  history  of  Pennsylvania,  and  edited  and 
was  a  frequent  contributor  to  The  Pennsylvania 
Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  published 
by  the  Historical  Society.  He  was  the  author 
of  the  chapter  on  the  early  history  of  Penn- 
sylvania in  the  "  Narrative  and  critical  his- 
tory of  America,"  by  Justin  Winsor,  and  in 
collaboration  with  John  Bach  McMaster  edited 
a  volume  entitled  "  Pennsylvania  and  the 
Federal  constitution,  1787-1788,"  which  was 
published  by  the  Historical  Society.  He  also 
contributed  the  appendix  to  a  publication  re- 
lating to  the  constitutional  centennial  cele- 
bration, and  supplied  a  sketch  of  the  early 
history  of  the  adoption  of  the  constitution. 
Several  years  ago  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Letters.  Dr.  Stone  leaves  a  widow 
and  one  son,  Witmer  Stone,  assistant  curator  at 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

VAN  DER  LINDE,  Prof.  Antonius,  for  21  years 
principal  librarian  of  the  Landesbibliothek  at 
Wiesbaden,  Germany,  died  in  that  city  on 
Aug.  17.  Prof.  Van  der  Linde,  who  was  well 
known  as  an  historian  and  philologist,  was 
born  in  Haarlem  in  1833,  and  after  studying 
theology  in  Leyden  and  Amsterdam,  and  phi- 
losophy and  history  at  Gottingen,  was  ordained 
by  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  and  for  some 
time  worked  in  one  of  the  parishes  of  Amster- 
dam. In  1871  he  settled  in  Berlin,  where  he 
was  appointed  to  an  important  post  in  the 
Royal  Library.  In  1876  he  accepted  the  office 
in  the  Landesbibliothek  at  Wiesbaden,  which 
he  held  until  his  death.  He  began  his  series 
of  biographical  and  critical  monographs  in 
1866,  when  he  published  in  French,  in  co-opera- 
tion with  the  Russian  scholar  Obelenski,  a 
documentary  work  on  the  false  Demetrius.  In 
the  next  year  appeared  his  two  volumes  on 
Caspar  Hauser,  and  in  1870  his  "  De  Haar- 
lemsche  Costerlegende,"  in  which  he  criticised 
the  story  which  made  Laurens  Coster,  of  Haar- 
lem, the  original  inventor  of  printing  with 
movable  types,  and  affirmed  the  right  of  Guten- 
berg to  the  glory  of  the  invention.  This  work 
was  received  with  such  indignation  by  his 
countrymen,  who  cherished  the  Coster  legend 
with  devotion,  that  he  was  moved  to  leave  his 
native  land.  During  his  residence  in  Berlin 
and  Wiesbaden  Van  der  Linde  continued  his 
researches  into  the  early  history  of  printing, 
the  results  of  which  are  collected  in  his  "  Ge- 
schichte  der  Erfindungder  Buchdruckerkunst." 
He  was  also  an  expert  in  the  history  and  bib- 
liography of  the  game  of  chess,  and  added 
largely  to  chess  literature. 

WASHINGTON,  Lawrence,  of  Alexandria,  Va., 
was  on  Sept.  I  appointed  assistant  in  charge  of 
the  Washingtonian  collection  of  the  Congres- 
sional Library.  Mr.  Washington,  who  is  a 
descendant  of  the  first  President,  was  at  the 
time  of  his  appointment  stamp  deputy  in  the 
Intern.il  Revenue  office  of  Alexandria  ;  he  is 
said  to  have  had  experience  in  the  care  of  manu- 
scripts and  historical  collections. 


WHITTLESEY,  Walter  R.,  for  several  years 
past  chief  operator  for  the  Southern  Railway 
in  Alexandria,  Va.,  was  on  Sept.  i  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  Music  Department  of 
the  Congressional  Library.  Mr.  Whittlesey  is 
said  to  be  a  practised  musician. 


(Cataloging  anb  (JTlassification. 


ADLER,  Cyrus.  The  international  catalogue  of 
scientific  literature  [Reprinted  from  Science, 
Aug.  6,  1897.]  40  p. 

A  concise  and  interesting  summary  of  the 
plans,  proceedings,  and  results  of  the  biblio- 
graphical conference  held  in  London  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Royal  Society,  July,  1896.  (See 
L.  j.,  1896,  June,  p.  276  ;  Aug.,  p.  370;  Nov., 
p.  499.)  Dr.  Adler  quotes  largely  from  the 
official  report  of  the  conference  —  which,  curi- 
ously enough,  has  had  no  general  circulation 
or  attention  in  this  country  —  and  appends  cor- 
respondence between  Secretary  Olney,  Dr. 
Billings  and  Prof.  Newcomb,  the  American 
delegates,  and  Prof.  Langley,  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  regarding  the  official  partici- 
pation of  the  United  States  in  the  work.  While 
essentially  the  same  as  the  statement  on  the 
subject  made  by  Dr.  Adler  at  the  Philadelphia 
conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  the  present  article 
goes  more  fully  into  details  than  was  then 
possible. 

The  BOSTON  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  September 
contains  a  bibliographical  summary  of  works 
on  "The  Yukon  gold-fields,  together  with  works 
on  Alaska";  it  includes  reports,  documents, 
books,  maps,  and  articles  in  periodicals. 

CASTILLO,  M.  La  clasificacion  bibliografica 
decimal  :  exposici6n  del  sistema  y  traduc- 
cion  de  las  tablas  generales.  Salmanaca, 
1897.  84  p.  8°. 

CONCORD  (Mass.)   P.    L.     Fiction  finding  list, 
1897.     152  p.  O. 
A  well-printed  author  list,  followed  by  title 

list. 

The  FlTCHBURG  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
September  contains  reference  lists  on  Matthew 
Arnold,  Swinburne,  Schumann,  and  the  opera. 

INDIANAPOLIS  (/«</.)  P.  L.    Supplement  no.  2  to 

the  finding  list.     Indianapolis,    1897.     70   p. 

1.  O. 
NEW  LONDON  (Ct.)  P.  L.     Finding  list,  March 

I,  1897.     2d  ed.,  1897.     310  p.  1.  sq.  O. 

Printed  by  the  linotype.  Lists  all  books  in 
the  library  up  to  March,  1897.  A  D.  C.  sub- 
ject list,  followed  by  a  4-p.  list  of  "  Art  studies," 
general  author  list  (except  fiction),  and  title  and 
author  lists  of  fiction. 

The  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  August,  besides 
printing  an  interesting  collection  of  Washing- 
ton's copy-press  letters  from  the  collection  pur- 
chased by  the  Lenox  Library,  1895,  continues 


September^  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


455 


its  record  of  periodicals  contained  in  the  New 
York  Public  and  Columbia  University  libraries 
by  a  list  of  those  relating  to  archaeology, 
which  covers  15  p. 

The  SPRINGFIELD  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  for  August 
has  a  short  "  Selected  list  of  books  on  hunting, 
sporting,  and  fishing." 

U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture.     Library  bulletin, 
August,    1897.     Accessions    to    the    depart- 
ment library,  April-June,  1897.     26  p.  O. 
A   new  format.     The  list  is  now  printed  on 
one  side  of  the  page  only,  and  issued  in  a  nar- 
row octavo  instead  of  the  former  nearly  quarto 
size. 

FULL  NAMES. 

Sullied  by  Harvard  College  Library  : 
Barbour,  Joseph  (Kentucky  digest); 
Devlin,  Robert  T:  (A  treatise  on  the  law  of 
deeds); 

Marsh,  Joseph  W:  (Pocket  handbook  of  use- 
ful information,  etc.,  relating  to  lead  covered 
electric  cables,  etc.); 

Stillman,  T:  Bliss  (Engineering  chemistry); 
Vanderslice,  J:  Mitchell  (Gettysburg;  where 
and  how  the  regiments  fought). 

Bibliografti. 


ARISTOTLE.  Schwab,  Molse.  Bibliographic 
d'Aristotle;  memoire  couronn6  par  1'Institut 
de  France.  Paris,  H.  Welter,  1897. 
Reviewed  at  length  in  the  Athtnaum  for  Aug. 
28,  p.  285  -  286.  "  This  book  appears  no  doubt 
under  a  certain  disadvantage,  since  instead  of 
being  printed  in  the  ordinary  way  it  is  issued 
in  the  form  of  a  manuscript  copy.  Asa  collec- 
tion of  titles  of  some  3000  books  more  or  less 
bearing  on  Aristotle,  the  work  must  have  taken 
a  good  deal  of  time  and  labor,  and  M.  Schwab 
deserves  credit  for  the  industry  that  this  im- 
plies, and  also  for  the  good  intentions  shown  in 
this  attempt  to  supply  a  real  want  among  schol- 
ars and  bibliographers.  Here  our  praise  of 
him  and  his  book  must  end." 

ARNOLD,  Thomas.  Findlay  J.  A.  Arnold  of 
Rugby:  his  school  life  and  contributions  to 
education.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan,  1897.  24+ 
263  p.  12°,  net,  $1.50. 

Pages  236-252  contain  an  annotated  bibli- 
ography of  works  relating  to  Arnold's  influence 
as  a  teacher,  and  to  public  school  education 
before  and  after  his  time. 

BIBLE.  Copinger,  W.  A.  The  Bible  and  its 
transmission:  being  an  historical  and  biblio- 
graphical view  of  the  Hebrew  and  Greek 
texts,  and  the  Greek,  Latin,  and  other  ver- 
sions of  the  Bible,  (both  ms.  and  printed,) 
prior  to  the  Reformation;  with  numerous  fac- 
similes. London,  Sotheran,  1897.  F. 

COREA.  Courant,  Maurice.  Bibliographic  cor6- 
enne.  Tableau  litteraire  de  la  Coree  .  .  . 
tome  1-3.  Paris,  Ernest  Leroux,  1897. 


215  +  502;   9+538;   9  +  446  p.  ;  also,   Index 

des  transcriptions,  78  p.,  and  Index  des  ca- 

racteres,  178  p.  3  v.  il.  8°. 

The  author,  as  interpreter  of  the  French  lega- 
tion in  Tokio,  and  conversant  with  the  Japan- 
ese, Corean,  Chinese,  and  Hindustani  lan- 
guages and  literature,  is  peculiarly  qualified 
to  undertake  this  work.  He  gives  the  titles  of 
3240  works  published  in  Corea  until  1890, 
which  he  elucidates  with  information  of  every 
kind.  - 

DIVINING  ROD.       Barrett,  W.  F.     On  the  so- 
called  divining  rod,  or  Virgula  Divina.    Book 
I.    [/«  Proceedings  of  the  Society  for  Psychi- 
cal Research,  July,  1897.     13  :  2-282.] 
Pages  12-23  are  devoted  to  a  survey  of  the 
modern  literature  on  the  subject  of  the  divin- 
ing rod.     Referring  to  John  Fiske's  essay  on 
"Myths    and    myth-makers,"    Prof.     Barrett 
says   that  it  is  "perhaps  the  most  extraordi- 
nary medley  ever  put  together  on  the  divining 
rod."     This  "survey"  is  confined  to  English 
and  French  works.     Next  year  book  II.  is  to 
be  published,  and  with  it  an  extensive  bibli- 
ography. 

HAEBLER,  Konrad.  The  early  printers  of  Spain 
and  Portugal.  London,  Printed  for  the  Bib- 
liographical Society,  at  the  Chiswick  Press, 
March  1897,  for  1896.  8  +  168  p.  33  plates. 
(Illustrated  monographs  issued  by  the  Bibli- 
ographical Society,  no.  4.)  8°. 

HOUSE  DRAINAGE.  Gerhard,  W:  Paul.  Bib- 
liography of  house  drainage,  plumbing  work, 
and  sewage  disposal  for  houses.  (In  Ameri- 
can Architect  and  Building  News,  Aug.  7,  14, 
1897.  57:50-51,57-58.) 

ITALY.  Ottino,  G.,  and  Fumagalli,  G.,  comfs. 
Bibliotheca  bibliographica  Italica  :  catalogo 
degli  scritti  di  bibliologia,  bibliografia  e  bi- 
blioteconomia  pubbl.  in  Italia  e  di  quelli 
risguardanti  1'Italia  pubblicati  all'  estero. 
2°  supplemento  annuale,  1896;  per  cura  di 
Giuseppe  Ottino.  Torino,  Carlo  Clausen, 
1897.  39  p.  O.  pap.  2.50  lire. 

MEDICINE.  "The  students'  library  and  its 
use  "  is  the  title  of  an  article  in  the  "  Students' 
number"  of  the  Lancet  (Aug.  21,  p.  440  -  448), 
which  is  of  interest  to  librarians  as  well.  It  is 
chiefly  a  classified  list  of  the  principal  medical 
works,  with  critical  and  descriptive  notes  of 
each. 
RUSSIAN  BOOKS  ;  with  biographical  notes  of 

their   authors   and  translators  [1708-1893]  ; 

edited  by  Semen  Wassiljewitsch  Wengoroff. 

St.  Petersburg,  A  Suworin,  1897.     v.  i:  A- 

Badadshanow.     8+476  p.  8*.    3.50  roubles; 

v.  2,  pts.  1-3;  Babajew-Baschuzkij.    144  p. 

8°.     per  pt.,  35  kopecks. 

The  first  attempt  at  a  comprehensive  bibliog- 


45  6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


raphy  of  Russian  literature.  An  interesting 
feature  of  the  work  is  the  inclusion  of  separate 
issues,  ottiski  —  pamphlets  of  often  but  three  or 
four  pages,  which  are  exceedingly  difficult  to 
find. 

SWKDENBORG,  Emmanuel.  Bibliographical  in- 
dex to  the  published  writings  of  E.  Sweden- 
borg,  original  and  translated;  based  upon  the 
library  of  the  Swedenborg  Society,  and  sup- 
plemented from  English  and  foreign  collec- 
tions, public  and  private.  London,  1897. 
38  p.  8°. 

WALKER,  Francis  Amasa.  Pages  276  -  290  of 
Quarterly  Publications  of  the  American  Statisti- 
cal Association,  for  June,  contains  a  "Bibli- 
ography of  the  writings  and  reported  addresses 
of  Francis  A.  Walker,"  arranged  chronologi- 
cally, and  based  upon  memoranda  and  scrap- 
books  left  by  General  Walker. 

WESLEY,  John  and  Charles.  Green,  Richard. 
The  works  of  John  and  Charles  Wesley :  a 
bibliography,  containing  an  exact  account  of 
all  the  publications  issued  by  the  brothers 
Wesley,  arranged  in  chronological  order, 
with  a  list  of  the  early  editions,  and  descrip- 
tive and  illustrative  notes.  Lond.,  For  the 
author,  1896.  291  p.  8°. 

In  turning  the  pages  of  this  bibliography  one 
is  at  a  loss  to  determine  whether  he  is  im- 
pressed more  by  the  tremendous  activity  of 
Wesley  than  by  the  carefulness  and  fulness  of 
the  annotations  which  have  been  supplied  by 
Mr.  Green.  417  titles  are  given,  ranging  from 
the  years  1733  to  1791,  the  year  of  John  Wes- 
ley's death.  20  of  the  works  are  original  by 
Charles  Wesley,  30  by  the  brothers  jointly,  and 
the  remaining  ones  by  John  Wesley  alone, 
either  as  author  or  editor.  There  is  an  index 
to  titles  and  another  to  the  notes. 

WOMAN  AND  CHILD  LABOR.  Madeline  M. 
Milner  is  the  compiler  of  Special  bibliography, 
no.  i,  on  "  Woman  and  child  labor,"  published 
in  the  American  Journal  of  Sociology  for  July, 
p.  139-  144.  It  is  confined  to  the  literature  of 
the  United  States. 

INDEXES. 

HENRY  FARRAR,  SoHunton  Road,  S.  E.,  Lon- 
don, whose  various  indexes  to  marriage  and 
obituary  notices  have  been  noted  in  these  col- 
umns, announces  that  vol.  i  of  his  "  Index  to 
Irish  marriages  "  will  be  issued  in  September. 
It  will  make  two  volumes  of  about  500  pages, 
and  is  sold  at  £2  2s.,  only  a  few  copies  remain- 
ing for  sale  as  a  subscription-book.  At  about 
the  same  time  he  will  issue  the  "  Index  to  obit- 
uary notices  "  in  Walker's  Hibernian  Magazine 
in  one  volume  of  about  300  pages,  at  3U.  6</. 
net. 

A  CORRECTION.  In  the  "  Annual  literary  in- 
index"  for  1896,  under  Stevenson  (p.  115), 
"  Stevenson  in  his  home  life,"  instead  of  Scrib. 
M.,  19  :  53,  read  19  :  531. 


Bnonjjms  anb 


FONSECA,  M.  A.  da.  Subsidies  para  um  dic- 
cionario  de  pseudonymos  inicias cobras  ano- 
nymas  de  escriptores  portuguezes  ;  c.  prologo 
de  Th.  Braga.  Lisbon,  1896  [1897.]  12  + 
298  p.  8°. 

ijnmors  anb  Ulnnbcrs. 


THE  following  entry  from  a  recent  auction 
catalog  shows  how  a  title  may  be  "  improved  " 
in  process  of  transcription,  "  Syrian  moun- 
tains"  for  "Assyrian  monuments"  being  an 
interesting  emendation  :  —  Bonavia,  E.  Flora 
of  the  Syrian  mountains  and  its  outcomes. 
Illustrations.  8°  cloth.  London,  1894. 

ASSISTANT  LIBRARIAN  —  Where  shall  I  put 
this  book,  Impressions  of  America  by  an  Eng- 
lishman? 

Librarian  —  In  the  fiction  department. —  Cur- 
rent Literature. 

A  NEW  LIBRARY  TERM. — The  Boston  Adver- 
tiser has  added  a  new  word  to  the  library 
glossary.  It  is  "  catalogician."  Truly  this  is 
worthy  of  its  birthplace  ;  it  could  have  had  no 
other. 

IN  the  public  library  of  a  small  town  the  po- 
sition of  librarian,  previously  held  by  a  wom- 
an, was  recently  given  to  a  man.  The  local 
paper,  in  noting  the  appointment,  says  that 
it  was  made  only  because  of  "there  being 
some  duties  connected  with  the  position  that 
are  not  in  the  province  of  a  female  to  perform." 
Some  time  ago  a  similar  change  in  another  li- 
brary was  explained  by  one  of  the  trustees  as 
follows  :  "  Well,  you  see,  we  want  a  librarian 
we  can  swear  at." 

THE  library  board  of  a  western  city,  who 
allowed  their  librarian  two  months'  leave  of  ab- 
sence, with  salary,  for  a  trip  of  library  inspec- 
tion around  the  country,  recently  found  their 
action  questioned  by  the  city  council,  whose 
members  refused  to  pass  the  account  submitted. 
One  of  the  aldermen,  commenting  on  the 
matter,  said  :  "  I  don't  believe  in  making  fish 
of  one  and  fowl  of  another.  We  don't  allow 
our  firemen  but  10  days  lay-off  on  pay.  Mr. 
has  good  pay  and  gets  his  room  for  noth- 
ing and  his  coal." 

AT  a  recent  examination  of  applicants  for  the 
position  of  assistant  in  a  New  England  library, 
among  the  answers  received  were  the  follow- 
ing : 

Who  was  Shakespeare  ?  Name  three  of  his 
works.  —  Shakespeare  was  a  great  American 
poet.  He  wrote  "  Evangeline,"  "  Lady  of  the 
lake,"  and  "  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish." 

When  was  America  discovered?  —  In  1743. 

The  town  in  which  the  library  is  situated  is 
but  a  short  distance  from  New  York,  and 
nearly  all  the  applicants  were  young  men 
and  women  who  had  studied  at  the  local  high 
school,  which  is  considered  a  model. 


September,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  457 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COJIIPflHY, 

(CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  President,) 

BEACON    STREET,  £  BOSTON,    MASS. 


S/epanment 


Fred^ricl<  W.  Faxon. 


Specialty:  Periodical  Sets. 


7THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  does  not  make  a  practice  of  adver- 
tising sets  not  in  stock  on  the  chance  of  securing  orders,  but  it  actu- 
ally does  carry  a  larger  stock  of  periodicals  than  any  other  one  dealer.     More- 
over, conscientious  efforts  are  made  to  perfect  every  set  before  it  leaves  the 
house,  collators  being  kept  steadily  at  work  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sets  are 
not  simply  "guaranteed  "  perfect,  but  they  are  made  perfect  before  shipment. 
The   advantages   offered   by  THE    BOSTON    BOOK    COMPANY   are 

jCargest  Stock  of  Sets  to  Select  from, 
Siest  Worth  for  TTfoney  Gxpended ,  .  . 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  has  begun  the  publication  of  a 
BULLETIN  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  of  which  the  third  number  is  now 
in  press.  This  journal  is  not  for  sale  but  is  sent  to  a  selected  list  of 
libraries.  Librarians  who  have  not  received  a  copy  are  requested  to  write 
us  for  one. 

ADDRESS 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COflPANY, 

I5J4  BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


458 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


H.    WELTER     59  Rue  Bonaparte,  Paris 

NEW    PUBLICATIONS: 


Revue  Internationale  des 
Archives,  i895-i896. 

One  Vol.,   8vo,         -        -        10  Francs. 

Revue  Internationale  des 
Bibliotheques,  i895-i896. 


One  Vol.,   8ve, 


12   Francs,  500. 


Revue  Internationale  des 
flusees,   i895-i896. 

One  Vol.,    *vo,   '      -         7   Francs,  soc. 

The  above  three  volumes  are  separate  issues  of  the 
Revue  des  Archives,  des  Bibliotheques  et  des  Musses, 
the  publication  of  which  has  been  discontinued  by  me. 
Libraries  that  did  not  subscribe  to  the  Revue  now  have 
an  opportunity  to  subscribe  to  such  portions  only  as  may 
have  particular  interest  for  them.  Each  volume  has  a 
special  title-page  and  an  index. 


flannel  de  Bibliotheconomie. 

By  Dr.  ARNIM  GRAESEL, 
Librarian-in-Chief  of  the  Berlin   University. 

Translated  into  French 

By  Dr.  JULES  LAUDE,  BibliotMcaire  Uni- 
versitaire. 

One  Vol.,  Small  8v<>,  Cloth,  15  Francs. 

This  French  edition  has  been  thoroughly  revised  by  the 
author.  The  bibliographical  references  are  brought  down 
to  May,  1897,  and  in  other  respects,  also,  the  author  and 
translator  have  made  additions  and  improvements,  so  that 
the  volume  is  practically  a  new  work — a  French  origi- 
nal edition— which  will  be  found  valuable  even  by  those 
who  possess  the  German  edition  (Leipzig,  1890)  and  the 
Italian  translation  (Turin,  1893).  In  illustrations  the 
French  edition  is  much  richer  than  its  predecessors. 


BIBLIOGRAPHIE  DES  CHANSONS  DE  QESTE. 

By  LEON  GAUTIER,  Membre  de  flnstitut, 
FORMING   THE  FIFTH  AND  CONCLUDING  VOLUME  OF 

Les  Epopees  Frangaises 

Etudes  sur  les  origines  et  1'histoire  de  la  litterature  nationale, 

(which  received  three  prizes  from  the  Paris  Academic.) 
One    Volume,    8\o,  -  -  •  •  -  -20  Francs. 

Subscribers  to  the  second  edition  of  the  first  four  volumes  of  the  "  I?popdes"  will  receive  the  concluding  part  at 
the  price  of  15  francs.  The  "  Bibliographic  des  Chansons  de  Geste  "  will  also  be  furnished  separately  but  only  at 
the  advanced  price  of  20  Francs. 


IN     PREPARATION : 

Dictionnaire    Petit    de    FAncienne    Langue    FranSaise    du 

IXe  au  XVe  Siecle. 

By  FREDERIC   GODEFROY. 

The  publication  in  parts  of  this  edition  (which  will  contain  all  the  words  of  the  author's  unabridged  work,  with 
the  necessary  additions  and  improvements,  but  without  examples  and  references)  will  be  begun  in  October,  1897. 
The  price  for  the  complete  work  (large  8°,  3  columns  to  the  page,  80  lines  in  a  column =240  lines  or  1200  words = 
circa  7000  letters  to  a  page)  will  probably  not  exceed 

15   Francs  to  Subscribers 

who  place  their  orders  before  October  30.    The  publisher  reserves  the  right  to  increase  the  price  to  20  francs  even 
to  subscribers  should  the  cost  of  production  make  it  necessary. 

Considering  the  high  price  which  the  author's  large  dictionary  of  the  old  French  language  commands  (500 
Francs),  and  the  fact  that  a  handy  and  inexpensive  edition  of  such  a  work  has  become  a  necessity  to  the  student  of 
romanic  philology,  as  well  as  to  the  teacher  of  French,  the  paleographer,  the  historian  and  the  educated  laity  who 
read  French,  the  publisher  trusts  that  this  edition  will  recommend  itself  to  a  large  circle  of  subscribers. 


H.  WELTER,  Publisher  and  Bookseller,  59  Rue  Bonaparte,  Paris. 


September,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  459 

Nothing  too  good  ! 

The  economical  administration  of  your  library  demands 
that  you  know  all  there  is  to  be  known  about  our  improved 
catalogue  cabinets  and  other  up-to-date  supplies. 

Our  favorite  is  a  single  tray,  16  inches  long,  to  be  re- 
moved for  reference  so  that  each  searcher  uses  one  tray  at  a 
time  and  leaves  the  coast  clear  for  others.  These  are  built 
man  high  upon  a  stand  15  inches  high,  giving  great  capacity 
in  small  wall  and  floor  space. 

They  have  the  following  points  of  superiority  over  any 
that  have  heretofore  been  offered  :  Cabinets  built  of  seasoned 
oak  throughout.  Trays  cut  low  at  sides  admitting  light  to 
bottom  of  cards.  Finished  inside  for  use,  outside  for  appear- 
ance. Trays  just  right  in  width  so  that  rod  can  be  replaced 
without  being  necessary  to  straighten  up  the  cards.  Blocks 
run  on  track  so  that  they  cannot  upset  or  push  back  when 
rod  is  removed.  Blocks,  rods,  and  cards  so  secured  to  bot- 
tom of  tray  that  they  cannot  be  spilled  out  should  a  tray  be 
dropped  or  upset.  Rods  are  removed  with  a  quarter  turn. 
We  also  make  a  lock  block  which  holds  rod  and  block  so 
that  neither  can  be  moved  without  a  key,  giving  absolute 
security  for  public  use. 

This  construction,  of  course,  costs  more  to  manufacture 
than  cabinets  made  with  less  care,  but  we  are  in  the  market 
to  meet  every  competition  on  a  basis  of  merit. 

We  are  glad  to  get  letters  of  in- 


\   Nothing  too  large  for  our  )  .  „   ,  , 

?  facilities.  >    quiry  concerning  our  stuff,  they  m- 

i  Nothing  too  smaii  for  our  J    dicate  an  interest  in  what  we  are 

?  careful  attention.  \       ,    .  .  ,., 

doing  to  improve  library  service. 


THE  OFFICE  &  LIBRARY  CO., 

102  and  104  Fulton  Street,  -  -  NEW  YORK,, 

$.  H.  BERRY,  Manager  Dept.  of  Library  Fittings  and  Supplies. 


460  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {September,  '97 


READY: 


THE 


' 


Publishers 


Trade  bist  Annual 


For  1897 


NOTE. — All  copies  ordered  in,  advance  of  publication  have  been 
delivered,  and  the  price  is  now  $2.00,  net. 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


461 


APPLETONS'  LIBRARY  LISTS. 

R  more  than  fifty  years  Messrs.  D.  APPLETON  &  Co.  have  been  engaged  in  the  publica- 
tion  of  the  choicest  productions  from  the  pens  of  distinguished  authors  of  the  past  and 
present,  of  both  Europe  and  America,  and  their  catalogue  of  books  now  comprises 
several  thousand  volumes,  embracing  every  department  of  knowledge.  Classified  lists  of 
these  publications  have  been  prepared,  affording  facilities  for  a  judicious  selection  of  books 
covering  the  whole  range  of  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE,  and  ART,  for  individual  bookbuyers  or 
for  a  thorough  equipment  of  any  library. 
Lists  A,  B,  and  C  are  of  books  selected  especially  for  School  and  College  Libraries. 

The  other  lists  are  of  books  grouped  according  to  subjects,  and  include  the  above. 


LIST  D.— History. 

E.— Biography. 
F.— Physical  Science. 
G.— Menial  and  Moral  Science. 
H. — Political  and  Social  Science. 
I.— Finance  and  Economics 
K.— Hygiene  and  Sanitary  Science. 
L. — Philosophy  and  Metaphysics. 
M. — Technology  and  Industrial  Arts. 
N.— Anthropology,  Ethnology,  Archaeology, 

Palaeontology. 

O.— Language,  Literature,  and  Art. 
P.— Reference  Books. 


LIST  Q.— Poetry  and  Essay. 

R. — Travel  and  Adventure. 

S. — Pedagogy  and  Education. 

T.— Fiction. 

U. — Amusements  and  Recreations. 

V. — Evolution. 

W.— Religion. 

X.— Law. 

Y. — Medicine. 

Z. — Juvenile  Books. 
AA.— Unclassified. 

BB.— School  and  College  Text-Books. 
CC. — Spanish  Publications. 


Single  lists  mailed  free.     Complete  set,  ten  sections,  18  cents,  to  cover  postage.     Bound  in  one  volume, 
340  pages,  Svo,  30  cents.     Free  to  librarians. 

D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

243  Wabash  Avenue,  CHICAGO.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  NEW  YORK. 


LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  :  :  :  :  : 


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(LONDON.      LEIPZIG.     PARIS.) 


812  Broadway,  New  York, 


t(§IE  invite  Librarians  to  correspond  with  us  before  placing  orders.     Our  facili- 
*»      ties  for  supplying  books  in  all  languages  are  unsurpassed. 

Xarqest  Stocft  of  (Berman  anfr  jfrencb  JBoofts. 

Hmerican  JBoofts  at  jobbers'  Iftateg 

Brltteb  JSoofes  tFmporteE)  3DutiHFree 


Our  firm  offers  all  the  advantages  of  foreign  agencies  as  to  terms  and 
prompter  service,  receiving  weekly  shipments  from  England,  Germany,  and  France. 

Our  Monthly  Bulletin,  besides  a  bibliography  of  the  leading  languages  of 
the  world,  supplies  in  a  supplement  critical  notes  on  books  especially  valuable  for 
Libraries,  and  has  become  the  purchasing  guide  for  German  and  French  books 
in  many  Libraries. 

•          FOREIGN   PERIODICALS  AJ   LOWEST  RA TES          • 


462 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[September,  '97 


Q.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS, 


NEW  YORK: 
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LONDON: 
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LIBRARY    AGENTS. 

MESSRS.  PUTNAH  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
telligentl y  and  to  the  best  advantage  of  their  customers. 

Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for 
American  books)  enables  them  to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  com- 
mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 

CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS, 

'53= '57  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York. 

Librarians  and  others  will  do  well  to  communicate  with  us  before  placing  their 
orders. 

The  latest  publications  of  all  the  leading  American  and  English  publishers  are 
kept  in  stock,  thereby  enabling  us  to  fill  orders  with  utmost  despatch. 

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Correspondence  solicited.  Send  for  catalogues  and  specimen  copy  of 
THE  BOOK  BUYER,  a  monthly  magazine  devoted  to  books,  authors,  and  literary  affairs. 

EM.    TERQUEM, 
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ESTABLISHED    1S7T, 

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Orders  carefully  executed  for  out-of-print  and  new  books. 

Binding  for  books  in  constant  use  a  specialty  of  the  firm. 

Estimates  given  on  application  on  all  orders. 

The  "  Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Franjaise  "  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  of  second-hand  book- 
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Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 

libraries  offered  en  Hoc  before  auction. 
Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Paris  of 

many  libraries,  colleges,  and  universities,  can  furnish 

references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  States. 
Correspondence  and  trial  orders  solicited.    Small  or  large 

shipments  every    week  either  direct  or  through  his 

agent  in  New  York. 


KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  CO.,  Ltd., 

PUBLISHERS  AND  LIBRARY  AGENTS, 
Paternoster  House,   Charing   Cross   Road,   London, 


Having  extensive  experience  in  supplying  PUBLIC  LIBRARIES,  MUSEUMS,  GOVERNMENT 
INSTITUTIONS,  etc.,  at  Home  and  Abroad,  with  Miscellaneous  Requisites,  Books  (New  and 
Second-hand),  or  Periodicals  in  all  Languages,  offer  their  Services  to  LIBRARIANS,  SECRE- 
TARIES, AND  OTHERS.  Careful  attention  given  to  every  detail.  Exceptional  Facilities  for 
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TERMS  ON  APPLICATION,  ALSO  LIST  OF  LIBRARY  APPLIANCES,  HANDBOOKS,  ETC, 


September,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


463 


HIGGINS' 


(PATCNTED.) 


PHOT© 

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The  best  adhesive  for  mounting  photographs,  maps,  engravings, 
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stitute for  mucilage.  For  a  hundred  and  one  purposes  where  an  adhesive 
is  needed  a  world  of  satisfaction  will  be  yours  if  HIGGINS'  PHOTO  MOUNTER 
is  at  your  elbow.  It  is  not  a  Starch  or  Flour  Paste,  but  a  "  Vegetable 
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solution,  absolutely  uniform  and  free  from  lumps,  of  soft  and  unctuous 
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and  warranted  not  to  injure  the  tone  or  color  of  any  mount.  Unsurpassed  for  either  dry  or  wet 
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SOLD  BY  DEALERS  IN  ARTISTS'  MATERIALS,  PHOTO  SUPPLIES,  AND  STATIONERY. 


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We  make  a  specialty  of  the  correct  arranging  and  lettering  of  'works 

in  foreign  languages. 


464 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{September,  '97 


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Booksellers,  Bookbinders,  and  Publishers,  and  General  Agents  in  Europe 
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BOOKS  WANTED. 


A.  8.  Clark.  174  Fulton  St..  N.  Y. 

Catholic  World,  March,  June,  and  July,  1887. 
ffarfer't  Monthly,  v.  24,  if  bound,  suitable  to  rebind.    . 
"         Dec.,  1861. 

Case  Library,  Cleveland,  O. 

Memoirs  of  Lud'ow,  v.  3. 

Mason's  Pequot  War,  Sabin's  reprint. 

Cleveland  Public  Library,  Cleveland,  O. 
Seven  Champions  of  Christendom.    Pub.  by  Geo.  Rout- 
ledge  &  Son. 

Fletcher  Free  Library,  Burlington,  Vt. 

Library  Journal,  April,  1896. 
Dorr,  Sybil  Huntingdon. 
Book  of  Nursery  Tales. 
Fairy  Gem. 
Sagacity  of  Animals. 

Free  Public  Library,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Analectic  Magazine,  v.  15  and  16.    Phila.,  1820. 

Lemcke  &  Buechner,  812  Broadway,  N.  Y. 

Tait,  Wayne  and  His  Friends. 

Library  of  The  Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University, 
Palo  Alto,  Cat. 

Ofen  Court,  beginning  to  Jan.,  1897. 

The  Library  Journal,  P.  O.  Box  943,  N.  Y.  City. 

The  Library,  July,  1891. 

Title-pages  and  indexes  to  The  Library  as  follows  :  v.  2, 
1890;  v.  4,  '92;  v.  6,  '94. 

New  Hampshire  State  Library,  Concord,  N.  H. 

Historical  Magazine,  ist  series,  v.  8-10. 

Q.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  27  W.  23d  St.,  N.  Y. 

Liliput  Levee.    Routledge. 
Hamilton's  Works,  9  v.    Putnam. 
Rip  Van  Winkle,  large  pap.    1895. 
Dinslow,  Modern  Thinkers.    Bedford ,  C. 


"that   if   you 
have  tried  in 


I  WISH  TO  REPEAT, 

vain  to  secure  a  missing  number  or  vol- 
ume of  a  magazine,  if  your  list  has  come 
back  repeatedly,  marked  '  O.  P.,'  'can't 
find,'  etc ,  etc.,  then  the  time  has  arrived 
when  my  services  may  avail." 


A,  S.  CLARK,  Bookseller  and  Newsdealer, 

174  Fulton  Street,  New  York. 


BOOKS  WANTED— Continued. 


Oharles  Scribner's  Sons,   163  6th  Ave.,  N.  Y. 
M.  F.  Maury's  Memoirs. 
Parke  Godwin, 

Popular  View  of  the  Doctrines  of  Charles  Fourier.  1844. 

Constructive  Democracy.    1844. 

Vala,  a  Mythological  Tale.    1844. 

Handbook  of  Universal  Biography.    1844. 

New  edition  of  the  same          "  1871. 

Out  of  the  Past,  essays.    1870. 

Gustav  E.  Stechert,  9  E    16th  St.,  N.  Y. 

Bulletin  of  Pharmacy,  v.  i  to  8. 
Our  Burnt  Animals,  v.  n  to  date. 
Everett,  Importance  of  Practical  Education. 
Langbein,  Electro-Deposition  of  Metals;  tr.  by  Brannt. 
Wood,  H.  C.,  Thermic  Fever. 


SITUATIONS  WANTED. 


T  DESIRE  to  obtain  a  position  for  my  lady  cataloguer, 
A  who  has  worked  with  me  here  in  organizing  this  Li- 
brary for  nearly  two  years,  as  well  as  some  ten  months 
in  the  same  work  at  Wilmington,  Del.  She  is  a  graduate 
of  the  Pratt  Institute  Library  School,  class  of  1893,  and 
is  a  superior  cataloguer  and  classifier.  She  is  fully  com- 
petent to  take  charge  of  a  library,  and  has  good  commen- 
dations from  the  Vassar,  Binghamton,  and  Scranton  li- 
braries. A.  W.  TYI.EK,  Librarian  Blackstone  Memorial 
Library,  Branford,  Conn. 


SPECIAL   NOTICE. 


C  ALE  of  the  duplicates  belonging  to  the  Royal  Library 
0  Victor  Emanuel  of  Rome.  12,000  volumes.  The- 
ology, Philosophy,  History,  Sciences,  Literature,  Arts, 
Curiosities  and  Bibliographic  rarities.  The  sale  will 
take  place  in  Rome  at  the  Galleria  Sangiorgi  in  No- 
vember next.  By  sending  p.  o.  o.  of  3  francs  to  the 
Galleria  Sangiorgi,  Palazzo  Borghese,  Rome  (Italy), 
the  catalogue  will  be  forwarded  free.  Purchasers  of 
books  to  the  amount  of  not  less  than  10  francs  will  be  re- 
funded the  price  of  the  catalogue. 


September,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  465 

LIBRARY    DEPARTflENT 

OF 

A.  C.  McClurg  &  Co., 

CHICAGO. 

ORDERS  for  libraries  —  public,  university,  college,  or  school  —  filled  with  promptness  and  the 
greatest  care. 

Our  stock  of  miscellaneous  books  is  very  large  and  complete,  and  our  special  Library  De- 
partment with  a  corps  of  trained  assistants  enables  us  to  give  the  best  attention  to  the  peculiar 
demands  of  libraries. 

We  are  continually  receiving  large  consignments  of  foreign  books  —  those  for  public  libraries 
coming  free  of  duty  —  and  we  make  a  specialty  of  picking  up  both  domestic  and  foreign  books 
which  are  out  of  print  or  which  for  other  reasons  are  difficult  to  secure. 

Our  prices  are  very  low  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  librarians  regarding  their 
wants. 

LIBRARY    REBINDING   DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE 

BOSTON   BOOKBINDING  CoriPANY, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

t(§IE  beg  to  inform  Librarians  that  we  are  doing  rebinding  work  of  every 
**^  description  for  public  libraries  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Our  flexible  sewing  insures  strength,  and  perfect  opening  of  old 
volumes.  Our  prices  are  low,  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  Libra- 
rians regarding  their  wants. 


LIBRARIES, 

AND     MANUAL    TRAINING  SCHOOLS 

I  am  prepared  to  offer  special  terms  and  inducements. 

Write  for  list  of  Works  on  Drawing,  in  all  its  branches  and  grades  ;  Painting  in  water 
colors  and  oil  ;  Planning,  Designing,  and  application  of  Ornament,  Architectural  Styles  ; 
Interior  and  Exterior  Decorations,  Wood-Carving,  Clay  flodelling,  Sculpture,  Wrought 
Iron  ;  Designs  for  Metal  Work,  etc. 

t3P~Books  sent  for  inspection,  if  desired,  free  of  charge/tEa      Large  stock  always  on  hand. 
UPQQI    IXIfi  PUBLISHER    AND    IMPORTER   OF 

JlDuUJjlJlu,      ARCHITECTURAL    AND    ART    INDUSTRIAL    WORKS, 
64   EAST  i2th  STREET,   NEW  YORK. 


LIBRARIES. 


WE  solicit  correspondence  with  bookbuyers  for  private  and  other  LIBRARIES 
and  desire  to  submit  figures  on   proposed   lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles.  

THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO.,  WHB°OLOEKS*LE 

5   and   7   East   i6th   Street,    New   York. 


466  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {September,  '97 

LONDON :  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG :  Hospital  Str.  10.       PARIS :  76  Rue  de  Renncs. 


GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is  the  only  importer  in  America,  who  employs  no  Agents,  but  has  his  own  offices  at : 

LONDON:  .  2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 
PARIS:  .  .  .  .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG  :  .  Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 
II.     Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 
often  an  extra  discount. 

III.  The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 

IV.  As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  " Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  Thursdays 

from  Germany"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
V.     If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 
New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 
of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 

VI.  Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 
abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 
Librarian. 

VII.  Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 
a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 
nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 

VIII.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 
of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 
and  by  attending  auction  sales. 

IX.     Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 
of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 
volumes. 
X.     Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
XI.     American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand : 


Academic  royale  des  inscriptions  et  belles- 
lettres  :  Histoire  depuis  son  establissement  et  Memoirs 
de  Litterature.  Vols.  1-51.  Paris,  1736-1808.  410,  full 
calf,  gilt  edges. 

The  Academy.  A  monthly  record  of  literature, 
science,  and  art.  Vols.  1-36,  38-42.  London,  1869-92. 
4to,  cloth. 

American  Chemical  Journal.  Ed.  by  Remsen. 
Vols.  1-16  and  Index  to  Vols.  i-io.  Baltimore,  1878-94. 
8vo,  half  cloth,  new. 

American  Journal  of  Science.  Cond.  by  Silli- 
man,  Dana,  etc.  Serie  I.,  II.,  III.,  and  IV.,  vols.  i 
and  2.  New  Haven,  1819-96.  8vo,  and  Index  to  vols. 
i-ioo. 

Archivio  per  le  scienze  mediche.  Pubbl.  da 
G.  Bizzozero.  Vols.  1-19.  Torino,  1876-95.  8vo,  bound. 

Art  Union  and  Art  Journal.  From  the  com- 
mencement in  1839  to  J888.  Elegantly  bound  half  mo- 
rocco, gilt  ornamented  back,  gilt  top.  46 vols.  London, 
1839-88.  Folio,  sides  uncut. 


The  Anthropological  Review.  Vols.  I. -VIII. 
London,  1863-71.  8vo,  cloth. 

Astronomische  Nachrichten.  Hrsg.  v.  Schu- 
macher, fortges.  v.  Hansen,  Petersen,  Peters,  and  Krue- 
ger.  Bd.  1-141,  und  General-Register  zu  Bd.  1-120. 
Altona,  1823-96.  4to,  boards  and  half  cloth. 

Berichte  d.  Deutschen  Chemischen  Gesell- 
schaft  zu  Berlin.  I.-XXIV.  Jahrg.  Berlin  1868-91. 
8yo,  half  morocco,  fine  set,  and  General  Index. 

Bijdragen  tot  de  dierkunde,  nitgegeven  door 
het  genoptschap,  Natura  Artis  Magistra.  16  parts  and  3 
vols.  Folio.  Amsterdam,  1848-88.  Complete  set.  Scarce. 

Chemisches  Centralblatt.  1863,  Neue  Folge, 
Bd.  8  bis  1883;  III.  Folge,  Bd.  14  und  General  Register 
zu  Bd.  1-12  der  III.  Folge.  Leipzig,  1870-81.  Bds. 

The  Chetham  Society.  Remains,  historical 
and  literary,  connected  with  the  Palatine  Counties  of 
Lancaster  and  Chester.  147  vols.  Small  410.  Man- 
chester, 1844-95.  Cloth,  fine  set. 

The  Church  Quarterly  Review.  Vols.  1-34. 
London,  1876-92.  8vo,  half  roan,  fine  set. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 

GUSTAV   E.   STECHERT,  9   East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 


THE 


Library  Journal 


OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY   DEVOTED    TO 


library  Economy  anb 


VOL.  22.     No.  10. 

PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE 

OCTOBER,  1897. 


For  Contents  See  Next  Page. 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  .PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  cts. 

Price  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  ihe  Union^  zos.per  annum;  single  numiers,  zs. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


CONTENTS. 


TITLE. 

Address  of  the  President 

What  of  the  future  ? 

The  librarian  and  the  importer 

Local  supervision  of  travelling  libraries 

Methods  of  children's  library  work  as  determined  by 
the  needs  of  the  children.    I.,  II 

The  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library  of  New  Orleans  .    . 

On  the  literature  of  library  history 

The  selection  of  books  for  college  libraries 

The  survival  of  the  fittest  among  books 

A  bit  of  classification :   treatment  of  Harvardiana  by ) 
the  Harvard  Club  of  New  York f 

The  care  of  special  collections 

The  care  of  manuscripts 

Notes  on  the  government  and  control  of  college  libraries. 

The  London  International  Conference  on  a  catalog  of  \ 
scientific  literature J 

Index  prospects  and  possibilities 

Some  heresies  about  cataloging 

An  elementary  talk  on  charging  systems 

Reference  work 

Librarians'  aids 

Book  selection 

Advertising  a  library  .     .     • 

Aims  and  personal  attitude  in  library  work 

Report  of  the  Co-operation  Committee 

Report  of  th«  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section 

Report  of  Committee  on  Library  Schools,  1896-1897     .     . 

Report  on  gifts  and  bequests    .     .    .    .• 

Proceedings • 94-158 

First  Session 94 

Second  Session 94-102 

Secretary's  report 94 

Report  of  Trustees  of  Endowment  Fund    .    .      94-95 

Report  of  Publishing  Section 95-97 

Report  on  Public  Documents 97-98 

Dr.  W.  F.  Poole  Memorial  Fund 98 

Report  on  State  Aid 99 

Reports  on  American  Libraries  Clearing-house.  99-101 

Invitations  for  conference  of  1898 101 

Printing  of  papers  and  reports 101-102 

Third  Session :  Books  of  the  year 102-112 

Report  on  supplement  to  "A.  L.  A.  Catalog."  102-103 

Fine  arts 103-105 

Science '105-106 

History,  Biography,  Travel 106-108 

Children's  books 108-109 

Fiction 109-112 

Fourth  Session  :  Public  meeting 112-120 

Address  of  W.  H.  Brett 112-113 

Address  of  Prof.  Smyth 113-115 

Address  of  Jacob  J.  Seeds 115-116 

Address  of  W.  E.  Foster 116-117 

Address  of  Melvil  Dewey  . 117-119 

Address  of  Dr.  William  Pepper 119-120 

Fifth  Session :  Elementary  library  work    .    .    .  120-129 

Classification  and  cataloging 120-126 

Book-pockets  and  book-marks 126-127 

Reference  work 127-129 

Sixth  Session 129-143 

Treasurer's  report  and  Necrology 129-131 

Report  of  Finance  Committee    .    .    .    .    .    .          131 

Place  of  next  meeting 132-133 

Proposed  building  for  N.  Y.  Public  Library  .  133-140 
Policy  of  the  A.  L.  A.  with  regard  to  re-incor- 
poration and  representative  membership     .  140-141 
Report  on  travelling  libraries 141-143 


AUTHOR. 


PAGB. 


H.  Brett 


F:  M.  Crunden 5 

Ernst  Lemcke 12 


f.  A.  Hutchins 17 

E.  M.  Fairchild 19 

Emma  L.  Adams      .  .     28 


William  Beer 32 

f:  J.   Teggart 35 

A.  C.  Potter 39 

E.  C.  Richardson 45 

C:  A.  Nelson 47 

Wilberforce  £, 


force  frames  .  . 
Her'  ;rt  Frieden-wald  . 
G:  W:  Harris 


Cyrus  Adler 

W:  I:  Fletcher  .... 
Dr.  G.  E.  Wire  .... 
Helen  G.  Sheldon  .  .  . 
Eleanor  B.  Woodruff  .  . 
Virginia  R.  Dodge  .  .  . 
Elizabeth  P.  Andrews  . 
Mary  Emogene  Hazeltine 
Linda  A.  Eastman 
W:  H.  Tillinghast  .  .  . 

W:  C.  Lane 

•A.  H.  Hopkins      .... 
Caroline  M,  He-wins    . 


Seventh  Session 

Report  on  Foreign  Documents 

Report  of  Auditing  Committee 

Appropriation    from    Endowment    Fund    to 

Publishing  Section 

Report  on  Co-operation  with  Library  Depart- 
ment of  N.  E.  A 

Report  on  Library  Editions  of  Popular  Books 

"  A.  L.  A.  Catalog"  Supplement 

Place  of  next  meeting 

Resolution  on  election  of  officers 

Election  of  officers 

Eighth  Session :  Elementary  library  work     .     . 

Library  advertising 

The  Cleveland  Children's  Library  League 

Ninth  Session 

Resolutions  adopted 

Amendment  to  constitution 

Development    of   subscription   into   free    li- 
braries     

Discussion  of  children's  library  work     .    .    . 
Report  of  Committee  on  Resolutions      .    .    . 

Tenth  Session 

The  College  Section  of  the  A.  L.  A 

First  Session 

Discussion  on  management  of  college  libraries 

Selection  of  books 

College  instruction  in  bibliography    .... 

Second  Session 

Co-operative  printing  of  analytical  reference 

lists 

Report  on  organization 

Trustees'  Section  of  the  A.  L.  A 

The  Social  Side.     Mary  P.  Farr 

Catalog  of  Bibliographical  Exhibit       

The  Post-conference.    Mary  P.  Farr 

Attendance  register 

Attendance  summaries     . 


.  .  84 
.  .  87 
•  ..  9° 
143-148 
143-144 
144 

144-145 

145 

145-146 
146-147 

147 
147-148 

148 

148-154 
148-150 

151-153 

154-158 

I54-I55 

•  155 


155-156 

156-157 

158 

158 

159-172 
159-168 
160-161 
161-165 
165-168 
168-172 

168-172 
172 

I73-I74 
175-176 
177-184 
185-188 
189-194 
'94 


CONFERENCE  OF  LIBRARIANS 

PHIL  A  DELPHI  A , 


JUNE  21-25, 


ADDRESS   OF   THE   PRESIDENT, 

WILLIAM    HOWARD    BRETT,    LIBRARIAN  OF  THE  CLEVELAND   PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 


r*HE  present  meeting  of  the  American  Libra- 
ry Association  has  not  only  that  interest 
which  attaches  to  all  meetings  of  the  Associa- 
tion, as  forming  one  of  those  milestones  by 
which  it  is  accustomed  to  mark  its  annual  pro- 
gress and  gather  up  and  preserve  in  its  published 
proceedings  a  record  of  the  work  of  the  year, 
but  derives  great  additional  interest  from  the 
fact  that  this  is  the  twenty-first  year  from  the 
founding  of  the  Association,  the  year  in  which 
we  attain  our  majority,  and  that  we  come  to- 
gether to  celebrate  that  event  as  is  fitting  in 
this  beautiful  city,  rich  with  historic  memories, 
which  we  are  proud  to  claim  as  the  birth- 
place of  our  Association. 

The  program  as  prepared  for  this  meeting 
appears  to  be  one  of  unusual  fulness,  and  I 
shall  not  detain  you  from  it  further  than  to 
present  briefly  to  you  some  of  the  considerations 
which  were  present  in  the  minds  of  your  com- 
mittee in  arranging  it. 

Meeting  under  such  circumstances  of  time 
and  place,  it  is  but  natural  that  we  should  re- 
call the  founding  of  our  Association,  and  trace 
the  steps  of  its  progress  not  merely  for  the 
sake  of  recalling  pleasant  recollections,  nor 
that  we  may  congratulate  ourselves  upon  a  cer- 
tain satisfactory  measure  of  accomplishment,  but 
that  by  considering  what  has  been  done  we  may 
better  determine  what  would  best  be  done  in 
the  immediate  future,  and  shape  our  plans 
thereto,  and  that,  realizing  how  much  has  been 
accomplished  with  comparatively  slender  means, 
we  may  look  forward  with  courage  and  confi- 
dence upon  a  greater  future. 

The  American  Library  Association  held  its 
first  meeting  in  the  rooms  of  the  Philadelphia 


Historical  Society,  where  we  were  gathered  to- 
gether again  so  pleasantly  last  evening.  There 
were  present  104  members,  of  whom  13  were 
women.  These  represented  16  states  and  the 
District  of  Columbia.  The  number  of  libraries 
represented  was  almost  100,  and  included  school 
and  college,  proprietary,  endowed,  and  public 
libraries. 

The  Association  was  welcomed  at  its  first 
session  by  John  William  Wallace,  president  of 
the  Society,  in  an  address  in  which,  after  cor- 
dially greeting  them  and  referring  to  the  cir- 
cumstances that  attended  the  meeting,  he 
outlined  with  remarkable  prescience  those 
problems  which  librarians,  both  individually 
and  in  our  Association,  have  since  been  striv- 
ing to  solve. 

The  papers  read  were  upon  such  practical 
subjects  as  cataloging,  indexing,  bibliography, 
book  sizes,  copyright,  the  qualifications  of  the 
librarian  and  his  relations  to  readers,  and  the 
still  broader  subject  of  the  status  of  the  library 
in  the  community.  Before  adjourning  the 
Association  effected  a  permanent  organiza- 
tion, elected  officers  and  appointed  a  committee 
on  finance  and  one  on  co-operation;  and  in 
naming  this  last  committee  it  indicated  the 
means  of  progress  and  sounded  the  keynote  of 
success. 

The  second  meeting  of  the  Association  was 
in  connection  with  the  English  librarians  in 
an  international  gathering  in  London,  in  1877, 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  Library 
Association  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Since  that 
time  meetings  have  been  held  almost  every  year. 
They  have  been  held  at  various  points  from 
the  extreme  east  to  the  Pacific  coast.-  The 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Association  has  had  upon  its  rolls  since  its 
formation  over  1500  members,  and  the  present 
membership  is  almost  800.  It  includes  within 
its  number  library  trustees,  librarians,  and 
those  filling  other  positions  in  libraries,  and 
some  others,  who,  though  not  actively  engaged 
in  the  work  of  the  libraries,  are  interested  in 
their  success.  All  classes  of  libraries  have  con- 
tinued to  be  represented.  Their  essential  unity 
of  purpose  has  been  recognized,  and  the  special 
work  of  each  fairly  considered. 

The  year  in  which  our  country  celebrated  the 
looth  anniversary  of  its  independence  marked  a 
distinct  epoch  in  its  history.  It  began  an  era 
of  progress  in  the  arts  and  industries,  in  litera- 
ture and  education,  and  it  marked  also  a  dis- 
tinct step  forward  and  the  beginning  of  a  new 
era  in  the  libraries  of  our  country.  The  pro- 
gress of  American  libraries  during  the  quarter 
of  a  century  dating  from  a  little  before  the 
centennial  year,  has  consisted  first  of  a  wonder- 
ful increase  both  in  the  number  of  libraries  in 
the  country,  and  in  the  volume  of  books  con- 
tained in  them,  and  available  for  public  use; 
and  second,  and  scarcely  less  important,  in  an 
improvement  of  library  methods,  and  the  reduc- 
tion of  library  organization  and  administration 
to  a  system. 

The  report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner 
of  Education  for  the  year  1876  furnished  for  the 
first  time  statistics  of  the  number  of  libraries  in 
the  country  and  of  the  books  contained  in  them, 
and  the  successive  reports  of  1886,  1893,  and  1896 
enable  us  to  measure  their  growth.  As  you  all 
know  there  were  in  1876,  or  just  before,  about 
12,000,000  volumes  in  the  libraries  of  the 
country.  There  are  now  over  33,000,000.  That 
is,  in  21  years,  or  a  little  more,  the  libraries  of 
our  country  have  increased  nearly  200  per  cent., 
have  almost  trebled  in  volume.  This  growth 
has  been  due  in  part  to  large  and  generous  gifts 
for  the  foundation  and  endowment  of  libraries, 
and  even  more  to  a  wholesome  growth  of  public 
appreciation  of  their  value,  practically  expressed 
in  the  willingness  of  our  citizens  to  tax  them- 
selves for  their  support.  These  two  instrumen- 
talities have  given  to  many  of  our  larger  cities 
magnificently  equipped  libraries  in  which  broad- 
minded  and  far-seeing  citizens  have  erected  for 
themselves  monuments  more  enduring  than 
marble.  They  have  dotted  the  country  here  and 
there  with  smaller  memorial  libraries,  and  have 
largely  increased  the  number  of  public  libraries. 


During  the  same  period  noteworthy  devel- 
opments and  improvements  of  library  methods 
have  been  carried  forward.  Although  before 
the  centennial  year  much  good  work  was  being 
done  in  many  libraries,  there  was  little  attempt 
at  mutual  helpfulness,  and  each  librarian  did 
that  which  was  right  in  his  own  eyes  without  the 
opportunity  of  availing  himself  of  the  expe- 
rience of  others.  The  report  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Education  of  1876  gave  not  only 
statistics  which  I  have  already  mentioned,  but 
also  published  a  series  of  papers  by  leaders  of 
the  library  movement  treating  of  the  more  im- 
portant questions  of  library  management,  and 
forming  collectively  a  compendium  of  the  sub- 
ject which  was  invaluable  to  the  student  of  li- 
brary methods. 

The  Library  Association,  with  this  as  a  basis, 
has  continued  this  interchange  of  opinion,  both 
at  its  meetings  and  through  the  pages  of  its  of- 
ficial publication,  the  Library  Journal,  and  has 
thus  furnished  a  medium  of  communication  by 
which  the  experience  of  each  librarian  and  the 
advances  and  improvements  which  were  made 
in  each  library  were  speedily  placed  at  the  ser- 
vice of  all.  The  result  of  these  years  of  earnest 
work  is  that  a  body  of  library  knowledge  has 
been  formulated  which  is  generally  accepted. 
Library  architecture,  furniture,  and  appliances 
have  been  studied,  and  the  conclusions  are  so 
accessible  that  the  architect  who  chooses  to 
avail  himself  of  them  may  plan  a  building  which 
will  be  pleasant  to  use,  convenient,  and  eco- 
nomical to  administer.  Schemes  of  classification 
have  been  devised,  comprehensive,  yet  easy  to 
understand  and  apply.  The  principles  of  cata- 
loging have  been  studied,  and  definite  rules  for 
its  practice  prescribed.  Formerly,  the  great 
catalog  was  the  product  of  the  broad  scholar- 
ship and  assiduous  work  of  a  master;  a  magnum 
opus  into  which  he  sometimes  put  his  very  life, 
and  which  became  to  him  a  monument.  Now, 
it  simply  means  trained  work  according  to  well- 
defined  rules,  producing  a  certain  result;  and, 
speaking  broadly,  we  may  say  that  an  adequate 
catalog  is  within  the  reach  of  every  library. 
Charging  systems  have  been  systematized,  their 
principles  defined,  and  the  requisites  of  accu- 
racy and  speed  measurably  attained.  Helpful 
indexes  have  been  devised,  and  by  co-operation 
placed  within  the  reach  of  all.  Many  practical 
helps  to  the  estimation  and  selection  of  books 
have  also  been  produced.  The  need  of  thorough 


BRETT. 


training  for  the  work  has  been  recognized  by  the 
establishment  of  library  schools. 

I  have  thus  briefly  indicated  the  various 
branches  of  knowledge  and  practice  which 
form  the  body  of  library  science  and  art  as  it 
exists  to-day.  The  practical  result  has  been  a 
marked  increase  in  the  efficiency  of  the  library. 
Trustees  and  librarians,  upon  whom  devolves 
the  pleasant  task  of  organizing  a  new  library, 
to-day  need  not  grope  in  the  dark  as  would 
those  of  25  years  ago.  They  may  accept 
a  plan  from  the  architect  and  feel  certain 
that  the  building,  when  completed,  will  be  a 
library  building.  They  can  choose  intelligently 
from  the  various  plans  of  -shelving  and  show- 
ing books;  they  can  decide  upon  plans  of  classi- 
fication and  cataloging,  and  feel  sure  of  the  re- 
sult ;  they  can  select  a  charging  system  with 
the  certainty  that  it  will  work  ;  and  what  is  of 
still  greater  importance,  and  would  better  have 
been  placed  at  the  beginning  of  this  category, 
the  trustees  may  secure  at  once  the  services 
of  a  competent  librarian  instead  of  experiment- 
ing with  the  raw  material. 

There  is  no  question  but  that  this  increased 
efficiency  of  library  work  has  secured  for  li- 
braries a  higher  place  in  the  public  estimation, 
and  has  directed  the  attention  of  the  gener- 
ous minded  to  them,  and  has  thus  been  a 
powerful  factor  in  promoting  their  extension 
and  increase. 

This  great  work  has  been  accomplished  by 
generous  and  intelligent  co-operation,  and  this 
co-operation  has  been  mainly  brought  about 
through  the  American  Library  Association, 
which  has  been  the  bond  of  union  and  the 
means  of  communication.  It  is  not  too  much 
to  say  that  during  all  these  years  no  important 
advance  has  been  made  in  library  plans,  nor 
any  valuable  improvement  in  library  methods 
and  appliances,  which  was  not  first  proposed 
by  a  member  of  the  Association  and  discussed 
at  its  meetings,  or  in  the  pages  of  the  Journal. 

This  work  of  devising  appliances,  improv- 
ing methods,  and  perfecting  organization,  re- 
ceived the  attention  of  those  librarians  who  or- 
ganized the  Association  and  carried  it  forward 
during  those  earlier  years  simply  because  it 
was  the  most  pressing  need.  It  was  dictated  to 
them  by  the  circumstances.  They  gave  their 
thought,  their  time,  their  work,  ungrudgingly 
and  unsparingly  to  the  improvement  of  methods 
even  in  the  most  minor  details,  not  as  an  end 


but  as  a  means  ;  building  a  machine,  no  detail 
of  which  was  insignificant,  if  it  made  the  ma- 
chine any  more  perfect;  creating  an  instrument 
which  was  to  perform  a  great  work.  Great  as 
was  this  task,  however,  it  would  be  a  mistake 
to  suppose  that  it  entirely  absorbed  the  time 
and  thought  of  the  librarians,  or  that  their  in- 
terest was  confined  to  the  work  which  could  be 
done  within  the  walls  of  their  libraries.  From 
these  earlier  times,  and  increasingly  to  the 
present,  efforts  have  been  made  to  enlarge  the 
scope  of  the  work  of  the  library,  and  to  extend 
its  beneficent  influence  outside  of  the  walls 
which  contain  it.  In  the  larger  places  the  area 
of  its  influence  has  been  enlarged,  and  the  num- 
ber of  people  which  it  could  reach  increased  by 
the  establishment  of  branches  and  delivery 
stations,  doing  practically  the  same  work  of 
issuing  books  as  the  main  library,  and  being  in 
effect  an  attempt  to  take  the  library  to  those 
who  cannot  conveniently  come  to  it.  Travel- 
ling libraries  bring  books  temporarily  within 
the  reach  of  such  neighborhoods  as  are  without 
them,  with  the  view  not  only  of  supplying  an 
immediate  want,  but  of  encouraging  the  estab- 
lishment of  permanent  libraries. 

All  of  this  work,  however,  is  simply  carrying 
out  the  older  library  idea  more  fully,  broadly, 
and  generously.  It  brings  many  more  good 
books  within  easy  reach  of  many  more  people 
than  ever  before,  but  apparently  leaves  the 
choice  of  their  reading  in  their  own  hands. 
The  elements  of  guidance,  supervision,  direct 
instruction,  are  not  apparently  provided  for. 
These  do,  however,  enter  into  modern  library 
work  quietly  and  unobtrusively,  but  largely. 
The  reader  is  guided  in  certain  lines  by  the 
judgment  of  those  who  are  forming  the  library 
and  making  it  specially  full  on  the  lines  which 
seem  to  them  most  useful  to  the  particular  com- 
munity, it  is  limited  by  their  decision  as  to  the 
fitness  of  particular  books,  and  influenced  also 
by  the  catalogs  and  indexes  which  are  used. 
More  than  in  any  way,  however,  is  the  read- 
ing of  a  community  moulded  for  good  or  for 
better,  by  the  personal  influence  of  those  who 
have  the  pleasant  duty  of  meeting  those  who 
use  our  libraries  and  helping  them  in  the 
selection  of  their  books.  So  far  as  this  is  done 
it  introduces  a  new  element  into  library  work, 
making  the  library  no  longer  a  mere  reservoir 
of  knowledge,  but  more  distinctly  a  teaching 
force.  There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  the  pro- 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


priety  and  value  of  work  in  this  direction,  and 
no  more  important  question  can  engage  the 
attention  of  librarians  than  the  means  of  doing 
this  work  fully,  systematically,  and  efficiently. 

The  future  historian  of  the  library  move- 
ment, if  he  be  disposed  to  generalization, 
may  possibly  characterize,  as  I  have  already 
suggested,  the  quarter  of  a  century  through 
which  we  have  just  passed  as  the  period  of  or- 
ganization. 

While  it  is  true  that  the  growth  of  libraries 
during  this  period  has  been  great,  it  is  equally 
true  that  this  is  plainly  an  increasing  growth  ; 
that  the  movement  is  an  accelerating  one.  The 
growth  of  the  later  years  is  greater  than  that  of 
the  earlier  ones,  and  libraries  are  now  increas- 
ing in  number  and  in  size  more  rapidly  than 
ever  before.  It  seems  probable  that  we  are 
entering  upon  an  era  of  growth  which  will  ex- 
ceed that  of  any  previous  time,  and  surpass 
even  the  hopes  of  the  most  sanguine  ;  that  in 
the  generalization  of  the  same  historian  of 
whom  I  have  spoken,  the  period  upon  which  we 
are  entering  will  be  known  as  the  era  of  library 
extension.  This  great  work  we  can,  as  libra- 
rians, promote  not  only  by  bringing  the  work 
of  the  library  to  the  highest  possible  state  of 
efficiency,  but  also  by  taking  all  proper  means 
of  calling  attention  to  its  value,  and  letting  its 
good  work  be  known. 

A  notable  thing  in  the  growth  and  develop- 
ment of  the  library  is  the  spirit  in  which  it  has 
all  been  done.  It  seems  natural  to  trace  an 
analogy  between  human  institutions  and  the  in- 
dividual man.  As  we  recognize  in  man  the 
triune  nature,  body,  mind  and  spirit,  so  in  the 
institution  we  may  see  the  trinity  of  material, 
method  and  motive.  The  library  has  its  body 
of  buildings,  appliances  and  books  ;  its  direct- 
ing intelligence  in  method  and  organization  ; 
and  its  spirit  of  good  will  and  helpfulness  which 
calls  it  into  existence  and  gives  it  vitality  and 
value.  This  is  the  true  library  spirit.  It  is 
this  which  brings  to  libraries  endowments  and 
noble  gifts  and  a  generous  public  support.  It  is 
this  which  impels  men  and  women  to  give  their 
time,  their  thought,  their  effort,  their  very 
selves  to  the  work.  And  it  is  only  by  an  ap- 
peal to  this  same  spirit  in  those  who  use  the 
library  that  it  can  do  its  best  work.  It  is  a 
truism  that  an  institution  can  only  attain  its 
fullest  development  and  do  its  best  work  on 
lines  consistent  with  its  own  genius.  To  an  in- 


stitution founded  as  a  library  is  upon  generos- 
ity, and  carried  on  in  unselfishness,  narrowing 
rules  and  hampering  regulations  are  as  foreign 
and  repugnant  as  they  are  ineffective.  The 
free  library  can  only  do  its  best  work  by 
trusting  the  people  who  use  it,  by  appealing  to 
their  honor  and  unselfishness,  by  enlisting 
their  sympathy  and  securing  their  help  in  its 
work. 

Our  library  system  thus  organized  and  thus 
increasing  is  doing  a  more  definitely  educa- 
tional work,  is  filling  a  larger  place  among 
those  forces  which  make  for  uplifting  and  bet- 
tering social  conditions.  Among  the  most  im- 
portant of  these  forces  we  recognize  the  school, 
the  church,  the  journal.  These  years  of  growth 
of  our  libraries  have  also  been  years  in  which 
these  institutions  have  been  broadening  their 
work.  The  school  has  been  applying  itself 
more  definitely  to"  the  training  of  its  pupils 
for  productive  and  remunerative  occupations, 
and  for  the  performance  of  their  civic  duties. 
The  church  seems  to  be  realizing  more  than 
ever  before  how  important  a  part  of  its  mission 
it  is  to  save  men  from  the  evils  of  this  world, 
to  help  them  in  its  difficulties,  and  to  increase 
the  happiness  and  sweetness  and  joy  of  living 
this  present  life.  The  spirit  and  direction  of 
the  best  journalism,  the  best  authorship,  and  all 
the  best  institutional  and  individual  work,  is  the 
same.  The  library  is  not  only  doing  its  own 
work  in  this  direction,  a  work  which  no  other 
institution  can  do,  but  it  presents  itself  as 
the  most  effective  helper  to  all  other  good 
work. 

As  the  progress  and  organization  of  libraries 
has  been  accomplished  by  a  close  and  intelli- 
gent co-operation  of  libraries  sharing  in  the 
movement,  so  in  the  larger  work  which  lies  be- 
fore us  we  may  hope  for  the  greatest  results  by 
a  recognition  of  the  oneness  of  purpose  of  all 
educational  and  social  work,  and  a  close  and 
cordial  co-operation  on  the  part  of  all  engaged 
in  it.  The  library  presents  a  common  meeting 
ground  and  can  do  much  to  bring  about  such  a 
co-operation. 

May  I  venture  to  take  a  moment  or  two  more 
of  your  time  to  sum  up  briefly  what  I  have  al- 
ready said,  and  in  so  doing  to  indicate  what 
appears  to  be  the  present  status  of  the  library 
movement  ?  The  work  of  the  past  25  years 
has  effected  a  systematic  library  organization 
which,  while  it  will  be  still  further  perfected 


CRUNDEN. 


and  improved,  leaves  librarians  much  freer 
than  formerly  for  the  further  extension  and 
broader  aspects  of  the  library  work.  The  ten- 
dency seems  definitely  towards  freer  methods, 
and  the  greatest  hope  for  the  usefulness  of  the 
library  lies  in  that  direction.  We  may  hope  for, 
and  we  may  do  much  to  promote,  a  great  addi- 
tional increase  of  libraries.  We  are  doing  ten- 
tatively in  various  directions  much  definitely 
educational  work,  and  in  this  as  in  all  of  the 
broader  work  which  lies  before  the  library  in 
the  future  the  road  to  success  lies  through  co- 
operation, keeping  our  own  organization  com- 
pact and  effective,  and  lining  up  together  and 
uniting  the  efforts  of  all  the  forces  which  make 
for  civilization. 

In  the  program  of  the  meeting,  from  the  con- 
sideration of  which  I  will  no  longer  detain  you, 
in  addition  to  the  customary  review  of  the  pro- 
gress of  the  past  year  as  contained  in  the  re- 
ports of  the  officers  and  committees,  we  have 
recognized  the  need  of  continuing  the  discus- 
sion of  library  methods  by  providing  certain 
sessions  for  the  discussion  of  elementary  prob- 
lems, and  others  devoted  to  the  more  difficult 
and  advanced  problems  of  library  work. 

A  meeting  of  the  Trustees'  Section  has  been 
arranged,  which  it  is  hoped  will  be  largely  at- 
tended, and  will  serve  to  identify  more  closely 


with  the  Association  the  members  of  the  govern- 
ing bodies. 

We  have  given  a  considerable  place  upon  the 
program  to  library  architecture  as  exemplified 
by  the  plans  proposed  for  the  public  library  of 
the  greatest  city  on  the  continent.  We  have 
also  provided  for  the  discussion  of  the  advan- 
tages of  the  free  library  as  compared  with  the 
proprietary,  and  at  the  request  of  the  local  com- 
mittee have  set  apart  one  evening  for  a  popular 
consideration  of  the  free  library. 

We  expect  a  report  of  great  importance  upon 
the  connection  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation with  the  National  Educational  Associa- 
tion, and  have  also  devoted  a  portion  of  one 
session  to  the  discussion  of  the  work  of  the 
libraries  directly  for  children. 

The  Association  will  also  have  an  opportunity 
to  discuss  some  proposed  changes  in  its  own  or- 
ganization, and  to  consider  whether  this  can 
be  rendered  more  effective  for  the  purposes  for 
which  it  is  intended  —  that  is,  to  voice  the  col- 
lective opinion  and  carry  out  the  purposes  of  li- 
brarians and  to  promote  the  interests  of  the 
work. 

While  the  program  is  thus  an  exceedingly 
full  one,  I  believe  it  is  possible  by  promptness 
to  give  due- attention  to  each  portion  of  it,  and 
to  this  program  I  now  invite  your  attention. 


WHAT   OF   THE   FUTURE? 


ADDRESS    DELIVERED    AT    THE    PUBLIC   MEETING,   TUESDAY,   JUNE   22,    BY   FREDERICK    M.    CRUNDEN, 

LIBRARIAN  ST.   LOUIS  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 


T^HE  present  Victorian  jubilee  has  naturally 
brought  out  a  fresh  crop  of  reminiscences 
comparing  conditions  at  the  beginning  of  the 
reign  with  those  now  existing.  The  most 
striking  contrast  between  the  two  periods  lies 
in  the  advances  made  in  the  material  comforts 
of  life  —  improvements  in  lighting  and  heating, 
in  locomotion  and  intercommunication.  The 
progress  of  applied  science  has  been  so  rapid 
that  some  of  its  most  notable  achievements 
have  come  within  the  memory  of  young  persons 
still  at  school.  Telephonic  conversation  be- 
tween New  York  and  St.  Louis  is  only  a  thing 
of  yesterday;  aerial  navigation  is  evidently  near 


at  hand;  and  already  daring  scientists  speak 
hopefully  of  electric  communication  with  the 
planets. 

But  it  is  not  only  in  this  line  that  the  world 
has  advanced.  To  note  great  changes  in  social 
customs,  we  need  not  go  back  to  the  last  cen- 
tury. Sir  Algernon  West  in  a  recent  magazine 
article  refers  to  the  matter-of-course  manner  in 
which  his  chief  was  in  the  habit  of  announcing 
to  the  head  clerk  that  he  would  not  be  at  the 
office  the  following  day,  as  he  was  to  dine  out 
that  evening.  As  an  indication  of  the  social 
changes  brought  about  in  his  lifetime,  he  quotes 
this  significant  sentence  of  Mr.  Charles  Villiers: 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


"  In  his  young  days,"  said  Mr.  Villiers,  "every 
young  man,  even  if  he  was  busy,  pretended  to 
be  idle;  now  every  young  man,  even  if  he  is 
idle,  pretends  to  be  busy."  There  is  great  im- 
port in  this.  When  every  member  of  society  is 
usefully  employed,  our  social  problems  will  be 
well  on  the  way  to  solution. 

To  note  progress  in  another  direction  we 
need  not  turn  back  to  the  acts  of  the  I4th  cen- 
tury, which  made  it  a  crime  to  give  or  receive 
more  than  the  wretched  wage  fixed  by  law.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  Victorian  era  boys  and 
girls  as  young  as  six  years  worked  in  mines 
and  factories  longer  hours  than  are  now  re- 
quired of  strong  men;  and  the  masses  of  people 
were  compelled  to  pay  an  artificially  high  price 
for  their  bread,  in  order  to  increase  the  un- 
earned wealth  of  the  few. 

And  in  our  own  country  we  need  not  go  back 
to  the  Salem  witchcraft  or  the  persecution  of 
the  Quakers.  There  are  still  eye-witnesses  to 
tell  us  that  men  and  women  in  this  "land  of 
the  free "  were  lawfully  sold  like  cattle  or 
flogged  to  death  at  the  will  of  their  owners.  It 
was  a  few  months  after  Queen  Victoria's  acces- 
sion to  the  throne  that  Elijah  Parish  Lovejoy 
was  killed  for  daring  to  say  that  human  slavery 
was  wrong  —  for  advocating,  not  forcible  aboli- 
tion, but  gradual  emancipation  as  "the  free, 
voluntary  act  of  the  master,  performed  from  a 
conviction  of  its  propriety."  For  maintaining 
his  right  to  express  his  opinions  on  this  or  any 
other  public  question,  he  was  driven  from  place 
to  place  and  finally  shot  down  in  cold  blood. 
In  the  city  where  60  years  ago  he  fell,  a  martyr 
to  the  cause  of  free  speech,  a  stately  monu- 
ment —  one  of  the  most  imposing  in  the  country 
—  was  the  other  day  dedicated  to  his  memory. 
No  American  better  deserves  a  monument.  No 
leader  in  the  Revolution  or  the  Civil  War  was 
a  greater  hero.  In  my  opinion,  the  unques- 
tioned courage  of  the  great  Union  commander 
is  dwarfed  and  paled  by  the  simple  heroism  of 
this  young  preacher-editor,  who  gave  his  life 
to  a  greater  cause  than  even  the  preservation  of 
che  Union.  Yet  for  some  years  after  his  death, 
in  many  cities  of  this  country,  it  would  have 
been  hazardous  for  a  man  to  utter  his  eulogy. 

Here,  then,  is  a  marked  advance.  But  we 
have  not  yet  obtained  entire  freedom  of  speech 
on  live  topics.  Was  it  not  as  late  as  last  year 
that  we  heard  of  two  librarians  holding  oppo- 
site political  views,  whose  positions  were  ren- 


dered insecure  by  an  unfortunate  misadjust- 
ment  of  longitudes  and  political  opinions  ?  And 
not  many  miles  from  here  a  score  of  good,  earn- 
est men  were  jailed  for  advocating,  disinterested- 
ly, and  at  considerable  self-sacrifice,  a  method  of 
taxation  that  did  not  meet  the  approval  of  the  city 
authorities.  Still  we  have  made  great  progress 
toward  a  broad  tolerance.  We  not  only  permit 
the  practice  of  all  religious  forms,  but  we  even 
allow  a  man  to  deny  himself  the  consolations  of 
religion  in  any  form  if  he  chooses  to  do  so. 

In  science,  at  least,  there  is  absolute  freedom 
of  thought  and  expression.  One  may  publish 
arguments  to  prove  that  the  world  is  five  thou- 
sand, or  five  hundred  million  years  old,  and  no 
one  will  molest  or  denounce  him;  or  he  may  an- 
nounce a  new  theory  of  the  universe  with  our 
moon  as  the  stationary  centre,  and  no  state  or 
church  will  anathematize  him  or  compel  him  to 
recant.  It  is  not  till  he  enters  the  field  of  poli- 
tics, i.e.,  the  discussion  of  economic  and  socio- 
logical questions  with  a  view  to  immediate 
practical  results,  that  the  advocate  of  new  ideas 
reaches  the  danger-point.  Here  he  finds  vested 
interests  —  self-styled  "vested  rights,"  but  as 
often  vested  wrongs  —  on  guard  and  alert  to 
repel  intrusion  and  resist  inquiry.  These  sum- 
mon to  their  aid  the  legions  of  unreasoning  con- 
servatism; and  the  innovator  is  made  to  feel  the 
truth  of  the  saying  that  there  is  no  pain  so  keen 
as  the  pain  of  a  new  idea  —  from  which,  there- 
fore, mankind  has  always  shrunk,  as  a  child 
shrinks  from  the  surgeon's  knife.  We  have 
passed  the  period  of  rack  and  stake;  but  social 
and  business  ostracism  are  pretty  effective,  while 
occasionally  there  are  suggestions  of  tar-buckets 
or  bullets.  For  the  most  part,  however,  we 
content  ourselves  with  denouncing  the  proposer 
of  any  marked  departure  from  existing  politi- 
cal or  sociological -conditions  as  a  "socialist," 
a  "communist,"  and  an  "anarchist,"  using 
these  terms  indiscriminately  as  abusive  epithets 
without  any  definite  knowledge  of  their  mean- 
ing. From  the  beginning  of  time  every  social 
advance  —  and  until  recently  every  forward 
step  in  science  or  religion  —  has  been  regarded 
as  menacing  the  very  foundations  of  society. 
The  Reform  Act  of  1832,  which  simply  took  the 
first  step  towards  correcting  the  grossest  politi- 
cal abuses,  was  looked  upon  by  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  and  other  good  men  as  threatening 
the  very  existence  of  the  kingdom.  The  condi- 
tion of  affairs  then  existing,  they  considered,  if 


CRUNDEN. 


not  the  best  possible,  at  any  rate  vastly  better 
than  the  political  chaos  that  would  be  sure  to 
result  from  change.  Speaking  on  this  blind 
conservative  opposition  to  the  Reform  Bill,  Dr. 
Arnold,  of  Rugby,  said  : 

"  All  that  resistance  to  these  natural  changes 
can  effect  is  to  derange  their  operation,  and 
make  them  act  violently  and  mischievously  in- 
stead of  healthfully,  or  at  least  harmlessly.  The 
old  statfi  of  things  is  gone  past  recall,  and  all  the 
efforts  of  all  the  tories  cannot  save  it;  but  they 
may  by  their  folly,  as  they  did  in  France,  get 
us  a  wild  democracy  or  a  military  despotism  in 
the  room  of  it,  instead  of  letting  it  change  quiet- 
ly into  what  it  is,  merely  a  new  modification  of 
the  old  state.  One  would  think  that  people  who 
talk  against  change  were  literally  as  well  as 
metaphorically  blind,  and  really  did  not  see  that 
everything  in  themselves  and  around  them  is 
changing  every  hour  by  the  necessary  law  of 
its  being. 

"  There  is  nothing  so  revolutionary,  because 
there  is  nothing  so  unnatural  and  so  convulsive 
to  society,  as  the  strain  to  keep  things  fixed, 
when  all  the  world  is,  by  the  very  law  of  its 
creation,  in  eternal  progress;  and  the  cause  of 
all  the  evils  of  the  world  may  be  traced  to  that 
natural  but  most  deadly  error  of  human  indo- 
lence and  corruption  —  that  our  business  is  to 
preserve  and  not  to  improve." 

In  his  retrospect  of  the  Victorian  reign,  in 
the  June  Review  of  Reviews,  W.  T.  Stead 
says:  "  It  is  to  the  stoutest  conservatives  of  our 
time  almost  inconceivable  that  rational  beings 
could  ever  have  defended  the  system  that  pre- 
vailed in  Britain  sixty  years  ago." 

I  am  no  more  assured  of  the  rising  of  to-mor- 
row's sun  than  I  am  that  to  the  stoutest  con- 
servatives of  1950,  it  will  appear  "almost  in- 
conceivable that  rational  beings  could  ever  have 
defended  the  system  that  prevails  in  America 
to-day."  They  will,  however,  resist  further 
progress  as  doggedly  as  do  the  conservatives  of 
to-day,  even  while  these  see  plainly  how  absurd 
was  the  attitude  of  their  predecessors  of  sixty 
years  ago.  Your  genuine  conservative  ever 
holds  doggedly  to  things  as  they  are.  He 
clings  tenaciously  —  and  vainly.  He  belongs  to 
a  party  whose  defeat  all  history  teaches  is  fore- 
doomed. Now  he  stands  for  the  divine  right  of 
kings;  and  notwithstanding  he  is  a  man  of  ir- 
reproachable character  and  able,  moreover,  to 
show  that  he  is  much  less  autocratic  than  most 


of  his  predecessors,  he  loses  his  crown  and  his 
head.  Again,  he  stands  for  the  parent  coun- 
try's unlimited  power  of  taxation,  and  he  for- 
feits his  most  flourishing  colonies.  At  another 
period  he  urges  long  sufferance  as  a  justifica- 
tion for  continuing  —  even  extending  —  the 
crime  of  slavery,  and  he  meets  defeat  amid 
slaughter  and  devastation.  No  repetition  of 
the  lesson  will  ever  teach  him  to  consider  what 
is  abstractly  right  —  what  ought  to  be  without 
reference  to  what  is. 

But  the  conservative  has  to  be,  in  accordance 
with  the  law  of  nature,  so  poetically  announced 
in  the  song  of  Willis  in  lolanthe  : 

"  That  every  boy  and  every  gal 

That's  born  into  this  world  alive, 
Is  either  a  little  Liberal, 
Or  else  a  little  Conservative  ! " 

Or,  as  Emerson's  prose  expresses  it  — 

"  The  two  parties  which  divide  the  state  — 
the  party  of  conservatism  and  that  of  innova- 
tion—  are  very  old  and  have  disputed  the  pos- 
session of  the  world  ever  since  it  was  made. 
This  quarrel  is  the  subject  of  civil  history. 
The  conservative  party  established  the  rev- 
erend hierarchies  and  monarchies  of  the  most 
ancient  world.  The  battle  of  patrician  and 
plebeian,  of  parent  state  and  colony,  of  old  usage 
and  accommodation  to  new  facts,  of  the  rich 
and  the  poor,  reappears  in  all  countries  and 
times.  .  .  . 

"There  is  always  a  certain  meanness  in  the 
argument  of  conservatism,  joined  with  a  certain 
superiority  in  its  fact.  It  affirms  because  it 
holds.  Its  fingers  clutch  the  fact,  and  it  will 
not  open  its  eyes  to  see  a  better  fact.  The  castle 
which  conservatism  is  set  to  defend  is  the  actual 
state  of  things,  good  or  bad.  The  project  of  in- 
novation is  the  best  possible  state  of  things.  Of 
course  conservatism  always  has  the  worst  of  the 
argument,  is  always  apologizing,  pleading  a 
necessity,  pleading  that  to  change  would  be  to 
deteriorate.  It  must  saddle  itself  with  the 
mountainous  load  of  the  violence  and  the  vice 
of  society,  must  deny  the  possibility  of  good, 
deny  ideas,  and  suspect  and  stone  the  prophets; 
while  innovation  is  always  in  the  right,  trium- 
phant, attacking,  and  sure  of  final  success." 

But  though  doomed  to  defeat,  conservatism 
is  not  to  be  denounced  or  condemned.  It  is 
not  without  its  uses.  It  often  keeps  us  from 
following  untried  paths  that  open  out  alluringly 
but  end  in  thickets  or  quagmires.  A  brake  is 


8 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


sometimes  as  necessary  to  safety  as  motive 
power  is  to  progress.  But  the  usual  tendency 
of  conservatism  is  to  keep  the  brakes  on  all  the 
time,  causing  either  stagnation,  retrogression, 
or  a  smashup.  The  real  revolutionist  is  the 
rock-ribbed  conservative.  It  is  the  boulder 
blocking  the  onward  flow  of  the  stream  that 
causes  the  eddy  and  the  whirlpool. 

Those  who  think  on  this  subject  and  who 
really  desire  the  improvement  of  society  —  un- 
fortunately a  very  small  class  —  are  divided 
over  the  question  whether  mankind  shall  pro- 
gress by  the  path  of  individualism  or  by  that  of 
collectivism.  Extremists  assure  us  that  these 
paths  go  in  opposite  directions,  or  traverse 
each  other  at  right  angles.  The  truth  is  they 
run  parallel  ;  and  we  have  been  travelling 
both,  now  advancing  more  on  one  and  then  on 
the  other,  towards  the  ultimate  goal  of  human- 
ity—  the  perfection  of  society  through  the  ele- 
vation of  the  individual,  the  perfection  of  the 
individual  through  the  improvement  of  society. 
Each  helps  the  other  ;  neither  can  be  indepen- 
dent of  the  other.  It  often  happens  that  or- 
ganized society  cannot  await  the  slow  process 
of  individual  perfection.  It  must  accelerate 
the  operation  by  changing  standards  and  ideals. 
There  is  no  telling  how  long  it  would  have  re- 
quired to  convince  each  individual  slave-owner 
of  the  wrong  of  human  slavery,  or  each  individ- 
ual mine  and  factory  owner  of  the  wickedness 
of  child-labor.  Society  had  to  take  the  matter 
in  hand  and  force  individual  development  —  in 
one  case  by  law,  in  the  other  by  the  sword. 
Many  thoughtful  persons  are  raising  the  ques- 
tion whether  society  has  not  more  work  of  this 
kind  ahead  of  it.  There  can  be  no  individual 
perfection  or  progress  under  certain  social  con- 
ditions. Ceremonious  politeness  was  not  to  be 
expected  among  the  victims  of  the  Black  Hole 
of  Calcutta.  Starvation  has  often  led  to  canni- 
balism among  men  who  would  shrink  with  hor- 
ror from  the  thought  of  it  under  ordinary 
conditions.  Society  can  create  conditions  fa- 
vorable or  unfavorable  to  the  improvement  of 
the  individual. 

The  inevitable  outcome  of  the  struggle  be- 
tween individualism  and  collectivism  is  the 
triumph  of  each  in  its  own  proper  field. 

A  line  drawn  from  the  past  to  the  present 
shows  the  trend  of  the  future.  We  find  this 
embodying  two  distinct,  and  apparently  con- 
tradictory, tendencies  —  one  towards  greater 


individual  freedom,  the  other  towards  a  con- 
stant extension  of  the  principle  of  co-operation, 
or  collectivism.  That  is,  organized  society 
leaves  ever  greater  freedom  to  the  individual 
in  all  those  things  that  concern  only  him,  while 
at  the  same  time  it  extends  farther  and  farther 
its  supervision  and  performance  ot  those  things 
that  pertain  to  the  welfare  of  all,  and  which 
society  can  do  for  the  individual  better  than  he 
can  do  for  himself.  A  man  may  kiss  his  wife 
on  Sunday  without  scandal  or  fear  of  prosecu- 
tion ;  and  he  may  dress  in  any  manner  he 
pleases  within  the  bounds  of  convention,  which 
is  still  an  unreasoning  tyrant.  He  is  generally 
glad  to  avail  himself  of  the  more  convenient 
water-supply  provided  by  the  community;  but 
he  may,  if  he  wishes,  have  a  well  in  his  yard, 
until,  with  the  growth  of  the  city,  this  becomes 
a  menace  to  his  neighbors'  health  ;  then  it  must 
be  closed.  He  may  still  mould  his  own  tallow 
candles  and  use  no  other  light  if  he  prefers  ; 
but  co-operation  among  consumers  supplies  him 
with  a  much  superior  illuminant  ;  and  when 
this  co-operation  is  extended  to  embrace  all  the 
citizens  —  i.e. ,  when  gas  or  electricity  is  fur- 
nished by  the  municipality,  the  cost  is  reduced, 
and  he  becomes  a  partner  in  the  profits. 

Of  the  benefits  of  municipal  co-operation  we 
had  a  signal  illustration  in  the  introduction  of 
municipal  sprinkling  in  St.  Louis.  Formerly, 
the  occupant  of  a  fifty-foot  lot  paid  a  private 
contractor  from  $6  to  $  12  a  season,  while  he 
suffered  from  the  dust  blown  from  his  neigh- 
bors' frontage  and  from  unsprinkled  streets  all 
over  the  city.  Now  the  owner  of  a  fifty-foot 
lot  pays  about  $i  a  year  and  enjoys  sprinkled 
streets  throughout  the  whole  city.  Municipal 
co-operation  in  libraries  brings  the  same  kind 
of  benefits.  The  average  well-to-do  reader,  in- 
stead of  a  five-dollar  subscription  fee,  pays  a 
dollar  tax  ;  and  for  that  not  only  he  and  his 
family,  but  also  the  families  of  his  neighbors, 
have  access  to  a  superior  library.  And  as  it  is 
almost  as  necessary  for  your  comfort  that  your 
neighbor's  frontage  should  be  sprinkled  as  your 
own,  so  it  is  almost  as  important  to  you  for 
your  neighbor's  children  to  have  access  to  a  li- 
brary as  for  your  own. 

While  social  evolution  tends  to  relieve  the  in- 
dividual of  the  compulsion  of  law,  and  also  to 
lessen  the  pressure  of  public  opinion,  in  those 
affairs  that  pertain  only  to  his  own  life,  correla- 
tively  his  action  is  more  and  more  restricted  in 


CRUNDEN. 


so  far  as  it  affects  his  neighbors  and  society  in 
general  —  though  here,  too,  law  and  custom  tend 
more  and  more  to  individual  freedom.  It  was 
once  regarded  as  a  public  scandal  not  to  go  to 
church  ;  and  50  years  ago  in  St.  Louis  Uni- 
tarians were  shunned  as  suspicious  characters. 
But  pari  fassu  with  the  growth  of  individual 
liberty  has  grown  the  recognition  of  the  duty  of 
society  to  see  that  all  persons  have  equal  liberty 
—  to  protect  the  weak  against  the  strong. 
Nothing  in  Victoria's  reign  has  done  more  for 
the  progress  of  England  than  the  series  of  acts 
that  have  been  passed  to  curb  the  greed  of  mine 
and  factory  owners,  to  prevent  them  from  coin- 
ing the  muscle  and  manhood  of  Britain  into 
gold  —  in  a  way  that,  at  one  period,  threatened 
to  exhaust  the  vitality  of  the  race  —  to  kill  the 
goose  that  lays  the  golden  eggs. 

The  whole  history  of  mankind  is  a  continuous 
struggle  of  the  weak  and  ignorant  many  to 
secure  the  rights  withheld  from  them  by  the 
superior  strength  and  cunning  of  the  few.  The 
oppression  and  injustice  of  the  past  are  ap- 
parent to  all  ;  but  many  of  us,  like  the  con- 
servative antagonists  of  Cobden  and  Bright, 
fail  to  see  anything  seriously  wrong  in  the 
present  ;  and,  like  them,  we  fear  change.  But 
it  is  the  part  of  wise  men  to  welcome  change  as 
the  natural  order  of  the  universe  —  to  see  that 
it  is  a  change  for  the  better. 

It  does  not  by  any  means  follow  that 
every  new  idea  is  a  good  one,  that  every 
proposed  change  would  be  an  improvement. 
But  as  progress  is  the  law  of  the  universe,  it 
rests  with  the  old  order  to  show  why  it  should 
be  continued.  Wisdom,  therefore,  urges  us  to 
give  careful  consideration  to  new  ideas,  how- 
ever contrary  they  may  be  to  prevalent  opin- 
ions, bearing  in  mind  the  frequent  lesson  of 
history  that  "the  stone  which  the  builders  re- 
jected, the  same  is  become  the  head  of  the 
corner,"  and  approaching  all  questions  in  the 
spirit  of  St.  Paul's  injunction  :  "  Prove  all 
things;  hold  fast  that  which  is  good."  For  all 
political  and  social  problems,  which  are  the 
burning  questions  of  to-day,  there  is,  it  seems  to 
me,  a  simple  test  in  Herbert  Spencer's  ' '  first  prin  - 
ciple  "  :  "  Every  man  may  claim  the  fullest  liber- 
ty to  exercise  his  faculties  compatible  with  the 
possession  of  like  liberty  by  every  other  man." 
Legislation  that  does  not  square  with  the  self- 
evident  truth  and  justice  of  this  dictum  is  bad 
legislation,  and  must  prove  maleficent  to  the  na- 


tion, state,  or  city  that  enacts  it.  I  need  not 
offer  any  modern  instances. 

Reasoning  in  reverse  order,  i.e.,  from  effect 
to  cause,  we  may  be  sure  that  when  we  see  in  a 
country  abounding  in  natural  resources,  as  ours 
is,  inhabited  by  the  most  intelligent,  energetic, 
and  resourceful  people  the  world  has  ever  seen 
—  when  we  see  in  such  a  country  millions  of 
willing  workers  in  enforced  idleness;  when,  to 
account  for  this  idleness  and  its  attendant  want 
and  destitution,  we  are  offered  the  absurdity  of 
"overproduction"  of  the  very  things  for  which 
millions  are  suffering;  when  we  see  men  and 
women  who  toil  not  revelling  in  luxury,  while 
others  who  labor  sixteen  hours  a  day  are  barely 
able  to  keep  body  and  soul  together,  we  may 
know  absolutely,  without  further  investigation, 
that  there  is  something  fundamentally  wrong  in 
our  social  organization. 

This  is  not  the  time  or  place  to  point  out 
these  wrongs  specifically,  or  to  advance,  even 
in  the  most  general  terms,  what,  after  much 
thought,  I  believe  to  be  the  remedies.  I  mere- 
ly urge  the  thoughtful  study  of  social  problems 
without  bias  or  prejudice.  This  state  of  open- 
mindedness  is  not  easy  to  achieve.  We  think 
that  we  think  our  own  thoughts;  but,  as  Tarde, 
the  French  psychologist,  says:  "What  the  in- 
dividual hypnotizer  is  to  his  sleeping  and  ab- 
normally plastic  subject,  such,  almost  precisely, 
is  society  to  the  waking  and  normally  plastic 
man."* 

On  the  solution  of  social  problems,  Ibsen  says: 
"  There  is  only  one  thing  that  avails  —  to  revo- 
lutionize people's  minds."  This  was  a  difficult 
task  about  so  plain  a  matter  as  the  Copernican 
system,  which  was  opposed  by  the  combined 
learning  and  piety  of  Europe.  How  much  more 
difficult  must  it  be  when  the  change  affects  the 
cvery-day  life  of  every  individual  ?  As  Nitti 
says:  "  Had  the  propositions  of  Euclid  affected 
economic  interests  they  would  still  appear  a 
doubtful  hypothesis  of  arduous  solution." 

The  public  library  is  destined  to  play  an  im- 
portant part,  to  exercise  an  incalculable  influ- 
ence in  the  solution  of  the  social  problems  of  to- 
day, and  through  this  on  the  future  of  the  nation 
and  the  race.  The  wisdom  needed  for  this  task 
is  not  to  be  obtained  from  schools  or  colleges, 

*  "  As,  then,  in  philosophy  the  first  step  is  to  begin  by 
doubting  everything,  so,  in  social  philosophy,  the  first 
step  is  to  throw  aside  all  supposed  absolute  rights."  — 
JEVONS. 


IO 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


but  from  the  higher  education  of  mature  minds 
—  the  masses  of  the  people  —  which  the  public 
library  alone  can  give.  The  preparation  for  this 
higher  education  of  the  masses  devolves  on  the 
schools  and  colleges.  Their  curricula  should 
be  so  arranged  as  to  arouse  "  historic  conscious- 
ness "  in  the  youngest  child,  to  awaken  social 
conscionsness,  and  to  provide  for  its  continuous 
development  by  starting  every  boy  and  girl  on 
a  career  of  self-culture  —  by  matriculating  every 
child  in  the  People's  University,  the  Public  Li- 
brary. In  affairs  that  concern  society  as  a 
whole,  it  is  better  to  trust  the  well-informed 
common-sense  of  the  people  than  the  learning 
of  the  schoolmen.  It  is  not  knowledge  of 
mathematics  or  physics,  or  Greek  and  Latin,  or 
modern  languages;  it  is  not  the  study  —  aca- 
demic study  —  of  history,  or  philosophy,  or 
even  political  economy,  that  will  solve  the  great 
social  problems  that  now  confront  us.  These 
will  help  in  various  degress,  directly  or  indi- 
rectly, some  more,  some  less,  some,  perhaps, 
not  at  all.  A  knowledge  of  the  general  course 
of  history  is  essential;  some  acquaintance  with 
philosophy  is  useful;  dogmatic  theology  serves 
only  to  confuse,  but  the  true  religion  that  lies  in 
a  vital  acceptance  of  Christ's  two  command- 
ments as  a  summary  of  the  law  and  the  proph- 
ets —  that  is  the  greatest  aid  of  all.  Such, 
however,  is  the  influence  of  established  order 
on  men's  minds  that  no  investigation  will  avail 
without  a  determination  to  take  nothing  for 
granted,  to  re-examine  what  have  been  con- 
sidered basic  principles,  to  accept  no  postulates 
that  do  not  square  with  reason  and  justice. 
This  cannot  be  done  by  confining  our  reading  to 
the  accepted  standards  of  a  generation  or  a  cen- 
tury ago.  We  must  keep  abreast  of  the  thought 
of  the  time;  we  must  keep  our  eyes  and  ears, 
and  still  more  our  minds,  open;  we  must  scorn 
no  aids  to  enlightenment;  but  we  must  do  our 
own  thinking  ;  we  must  consider  the  idea,  not 
the  source  from  which  it  came,  remembering 
that  good  may  come  out  of  Nazareth;  we  must 
live  up  to  the  motto:  "  Truth  for  authority,  not 
authority  for  truth,"  and  we  must  "lend  a 
hand." 

My  faith  in  the  efficacy  of  the  education 
offered  by  the  public  library  is  not  without 
foundation.  In  more  than  one  case  I  have  seen 
a  course  of  lectures  or  the  reading  of  a  single 
book  lead  to  a  course  of  reading  in  economics 
and  sociology,  which  has  entirely  changed 


points  of  view.  New  ideals,  higher  standards, 
have  made  new  men  with  higher  lines  of  action. 
Their  natures  have  not  been  changed,  but  their 
visions  have  been  clarified. 

One  of  the  stock  arguments  which  conserva- 
tism always  brings  out  to  give  a  final  quietus 
to  any  proposal  for  social  reform,  is  —  "Oh, 
that's  impossible;  you'd  have  to  change  human 
nature!"  This  mental  attitude,  which,  I  am 
sorry  to  say,  is  the  prevailing  one  with  the 
great  majority  of  mankind,  is  admirably  satir- 
ized in  some  verses  which  I  had  great  pleasure 
in  printing  in  the  April  number  of  the  St.  Louis 
Public  Library  Magazine  : 

There  was  once  a  Neolithic  Man,  an  enterprising  wight, 
Who  made  his  simple  instruments  unusually  bright. 
Unusually  clever  he,  unusually  brave, 
And  he  sketched  delightful  mammoths  on  the  border  of 

his  cave. 

To  his  Neolithic  neighbors  who  were  startled  and  sur- 
prised, 
Said  he:  "  My  friends,  in  course  of  time  we  shall  be 

civilized  ! 
We  are  going  to  live  in  cities  and  build  churches  and 

make  laws  ! 
We  are  going  to  eat  three  times  a  day  without  the  natural 

cause  ! 
We're  going  to  turn  life  upside  down  about  a  thing 

called  Gold  ! 
We're  going  to  want  the  earth,  and  take  as  much  as  we 

can  hold  ! 
We  are  going  to  wear  a  pile  of  stuff  outside  our  proper 

skins ; 
We're  going  to  have  Diseases !  and  Accomplishments ! ! 

and  Sins!!! 

Then  they  all  rose  up  in  fury  against  this  boastful  friend 
For  prehistoric  patience  conies  quickly  to  an  end. 
Said  one,  "This  is  chimerical !  Utopian  !  absurd  !  " 
Said  another,  "  What  a  stupid  life  !    Too  dull,  upon  my 

word  ! " 

Cried  all,  "  Before  such  things  can  come,  you  idiotic  child, 
You  must  alter  Human  Nature  1 "  and  they  all  sat  back 

and  smiled  ! 
Thought  they,  "An  answer  to  that  last  it  will  be  hard  to 

find  !  " 
It  was  a  clinching  argument  — to  the  Neolithic  Mind  ! 

Yes,  great  progress  and  reform  can  be  accom- 
plished without  changing  human  nature.  The 
elemental  forces  in  the  heart  of  man  are  the 
same  now  as  in  the  earliest  recorded  ages,  and 
they  are  likely  to  remain  the  same  for  all  time 
to  come.  We  cannot  change  .the  elements  of 
man's  nature;  but  by  changing  conditions  we 
can  improve  the  product  of  reaction.  We  can 
elevate  conduct  by  elevating  ideals.  There 
was  a  time  when  the  man  who  could  wield  the 
heaviest  battle-axe  was  the  greatest  man;  and 
there  are  still  circles  in  which  Corbett  and  Fitz- 


C RUN  DEN. 


ii 


simmons  are  regarded  as  the  greatest  men  of 
the  present  day.  But  the  men  who  now  excite 
most  general  admiration  are  our  "captains  of 
industry,"  the  men  who  succeed  in  getting 
money  and  the  luxury  and  power  it  commands. 
How  shall  we  elevate  our  national  ideals  ? 

Selfishness  is  a  mainspring  of  human  action. 
A  like  motive,  desire  for  happiness,  sets  men  to 
fighting  dogs  and  to  founding  hospitals.  Nero 
found  pleasure  in  one  way,  Marcus  Aurelius  in 
another.  Charles  I.  and  Louis  xvi.  were  not 
bad  men  ;  but  they  were  controlled  by  out- 
grown standards.  Elizabeth,  Napoleon,  Peter, 
and  Catherine  of  Russia  sought  their  own 
pleasure  in  accordance  with  their  personal  char- 
acters and  the  standards  of  their  times.  But  how 
much  higher  and  purer  pleasure  the  devotion 
of  their  talents  to  the  service  of  their  fellow- 
men  brought  to  Washington,  Jefferson  and 
Lincoln,  Cobden,  Bright  and  Gladstone  —  and 
John  Pounds  ! 

False  standards,  low  ideals,  now  lead  many 
good  men  to  find  their  pleasure,  not  in  cruelty, 
not  in  sensuality,  but  in  the  accumulation  of 
wealth,  partly  for  the  luxury,  chiefly  for  the 
power  it  brings.  "  Superfluity  comes  sooner  by 
white  hairs,  but  competency  lives  longer." 

With  the  spread  of  intelligence  and  thought, 
and  the  consequent  elevation  of  popular  ideals, 
men  possessed  of  millions  will  not  seek  to  add 
to  their  large  legitimate  gains  by  legalized  rob- 
bery from  their  f ellow- citizens  ;  and  people 
calling  themselves  Christians  will  not  rejoice  in 
the  distress  and  starvation  of  their  fellow-men 
across  the  ocean.  Men  will  still  be  selfish  ;  but 
the  conflict  of  selfishness  will  at  least  be  on  a 
higher  plane  —  less  intense,  less  destructive  of 
essential  rights. 

How  shall  we- most  speedily  bring  about  this 
desired  consummation  ?  By  what  agency  can 
we  most  effectively  elevate  our  national  ideals  ? 
By  extending  and  improving  our  system  of 
popular  education,  by  reversing  the  usual  order 
and  beginning  where  school  curricula  now  end, 


by  placing  our  school-children  from  their  ear- 
liest years  into  close  and  familiar  contact  with 
the  life  and  thought  of  the  race  as  expressed  in 
literature,  by  exciting  in  every  child  admiration 
and  emulation  of  the  world's  true  heroes,  by 
feeding  the  imagination  and  cultivating  the 
moral  faculties,  by  putting  every  child  into  the 
way  of  acquiring  a  social  and  a  historic  per- 
spective. 

I  suppose  I  am  one  of  those  simple-minded, 
visionary  optimists  of  whom  Prof.  Royce  speaks. 
But  I  do  not  "  dislike"  economic  facts  in  the 
sense  of  ignoring  them,  and  I  am  not  blind  to 
the  persistence  of  the  elemental  forces  of  human 
nature.  But  as  the  abolition  of  slavery  changed 
men's  mental  attitude  towards  this  social  crime, 
without  at  all  changing  human  nature,  just  so  I 
believe  that  the  adoption  of  other  social  reforms 
would  in  a  generation  cause  all  men  to  look 
with  horror  and  wonder  upon  social  injustice 
that  nearly  every  one  now  ignores  or  regards  as 
irremediable  and  inevitable.  I  share  Ruskin's 
scorn  of  the  word  "Utopian."  "A  thing  is 
either  possible  or  impossible."  As  Carlyle 
says,  "  The  actual  final  rights  of  man  lie  in  the 
far  deeps  of  the  ideal.  Every  noble  work  is  at 
first  impossible."  In  the  A.  L.  A.  we  have 
heard  the  word  "  Utopian,"  or  its  equivalent, 
on  more  than  one  occasion  met  by  the  motto, 
"Hitch  your  wagon  to  a  star";  and  we  have 
seen  the  impracticable  an  accomplished  fact. 

If  time  permitted  I  might  risk  ridicule  by 
presenting  some  features  of  the  vision  that  I 
see  with  the  eye  of  faith  in  an  all-wise  and  all- 
powerful  Creator  and  belief  in  human  perfecti- 
bility as  an  infinite  progress. 

"  Die  Zukunft  decket 
Schmerzen  und  Glucke 
Schrittweis  dem  Blicke ; 
Doch  ungeschrecket, 
Dringen  wir  vorw2rts." 

"  New  occasions  teach  new  duties ; 
Time  makes  ancient  good  uncouth  ! 
They  must  upward  still  and  onward 
Who  would  keep  abreast  with  truth." 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


THE  LIBRARIAN   AND   THE   IMPORTER. 


BY  ERNST  LEMCKE,  OF  LRMCKE  &  BUECHNER,  IMPORTERS,  NEW  YORK. 


T  RISE  to  address  you,  not  without  a  certain 
feeling  of  embarrassment,  for  every  man, 
in  Lowell's  phrase,  is  more  or  less  consciously 
the  prisoner  of  his  date  ;  I  may  add  of  his 
native  country,  and  last  but  not  least,  of  his 
profession.  It  is  never  wise  to  eliminate  the 
personal  equation  entirely  from  things  which 
concern  us,  nor  do  I  pretend  to  speak  for  any 
one  but  myself  ;  but  I  would  not  be  understood 
as  making  an  oratio  pro  domo  when  my  aim 
is  to  voice,  as  far  as  it  is  possible,  what  I  at 
least  assume  to  be  the  opinion  and  experiences 
of  my  confreres  as  well  as  of  myself. 

My  subject  being  the  Librarian  and  the  Im- 
porter, I  need  not  dwell  on  the  former  in  this 
company,  composed  in  overwhelming  numbers 
of  librarians  —  who,  as  a  class,  devote  more 
time  to  introspection  than  does  any  other  pro- 
fession—  unless,  perhaps,  it  be  to  state  that  the 
librarian,  as  a  bookbuyer,  and  the  importer,  as 
a  bookseller,  are  opposite,  but  not  necessarily 
antagonistic  poles.  The  true  equator  in  the 
shape  of  discounts  is,  or  might  be,  somewhere 
midway  between  them.  If  the  bookseller  could 
halve  the  publisher's  discounts  and  the  libra- 
rian be  satisfied,  chiliasm  would  be  at  hand  and 
some  on  my  side  of  the  true  divisional  line 
would  be  enabled  to  found  or  endow  libraries. 
How  far  we  are  from  such  a  state  of  affairs  you 
and  I  know  only  too  well. 

It  is  not  so  generally  known  what  the  im- 
porter is,  or  aims  to  be  ;  namely,  your  home 
bookseller,  or  in  Dr.  Billings's  definition,  "a 
bookseller  pure  and  simple,  as  all  booksellers 
are  supposed  to  be,"  doubled  with  the  foreign 
agent,  or  several  of  them,  your  shipping  agent, 
insurance  and  customs-house  broker,  and  your 
banker,  all  in  one.  Perhaps  Dr.  Billings  would 
define  the  importer  as  the  bookseller  impure 
and  double.  He  really  is,  in  Mr.  W.  E.  Foster's 
happy  phrase,  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  at 
the  same  time.  If  you  count  up  singly  all  the 
commissions  these  several  intermediaries  neces- 
sarily charge  you,  you  will  come  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  the  importer  saves  you  much  work 
and  much  time  and  much  money,  and  is  really 
your  best  friend, 


The  importer  aims  to  be  the  "ideal  book- 
seller" recently  referred  to  in  many  news- 
paper discussions  on  the  "  Decay  of  the  book- 
seller." He  is  what  M.  Le  Soudier,  of  Paris, 
in  his  official  report  on  books  and  printing  in 
the  United  States,  describes  him  to  be,  from 
actual  observation:  "Among  the  retail  book- 
sellers we  should  name  the  '  importers,'  who 
are,  at  the  same  time,  the  most  important  re- 
tailers of  American  books.  They  are  the  ones 
who,  from  a  profound  knowledge  of  the  trade, 
give  librarians  and  private  customers  most 
varied  information  on  books  in  general,  which 
the  American  retailer  would  find  it  impossible 
to  give.  They  study  catalogs  and  circulars  and 
<ile  them  methodically.  Certain  houses,  for 
their  own  use,  keep  a  card  catalog  (of  American 
books)  so  that  it  is  always  up  to  date."  Thus 
far  M.  Le  Soudier. 

This  seems  a  large  contract  to  take  in  this 
time  of  specialization.  But  the  harder  the 
marble  the  finer  the  statue  which  is  chiselled 
from  it.  Man  grows  with  his  higher  aims  ;  the 
more  you  tax  your  memory,  the  better  work 
will  it  do.  The  question,  how  to  cover  so  wide 
a  field  successfully,  is  reduced  to  one  of  or- 
ganization. The  range  of  the  information 
asked  of  the  importer  in  his  daily  correspond- 
ence covers  the  length  and  breadth  of  the 
whole  field  of  human  activity  as  reflected  in 
the  printed  book,  from  a  grammar  of  the  lan- 
guage of  the  Society  Islands,  or  the  edition  of 
Ossian  in  English,  published  by  subscription  in 
Germany,  with  Goethe  and  his  friend  Merck 
as  publishers,  some  120  years  ago  —  you  see 
that  blight  of  the  book  trade,  subscription- 
books,  is  not  so  new  a  thing  —  down  to  lists 
of  the  best  Bohemian  and  Polish  books,  Boni- 
face book  sixth,  a  treatise  on  horseless  car- 
riages, or  a  history  of  the  second  person  dualis 
of  the  lost  second  aorist  of  a  defective  Greek 
irregular  verb. 

The  ideal  head  of  a  large  importing  firm 
should  be,  in  the  first  place,  a  man  of  busi- 
ness training  and  ability,  with  a  sufficiently 
large  capital  for  every  emergency;  he  should 
be  just  as  much,  what  librarians  hate  tp  be 


LEMCKE. 


called,  a  "  walking  cyclopaedia."  This  he  can- 
not be,  any  more  than  the  librarian,  but  he  must 
have  learned  what  German  universities  aim  to 
teach  —  the  knowledge  how  to  learn.  His 
professional  library  is  as  extensive  and  as  ex- 
pensive as  that  of  any  one  in  the  learned  pro- 
fessions. How  to  use  it  to  advantage  is  his 
accomplishment.  It  has  been  my  privilege  to 
assist  trained  bibliographers  and  catalogers,  and 
in  two  minutes  to  lay  before  them  the  informa- 
tion they  had  vainly  searched  for  in  the  largest 
libraries.  The  ideal  bookseller,  it  seems  tome, 
is  born,  not  made.  Some  of  the  brightest  men 
I  have  employed  never  learned  the  finer  points 
of  our  art. 

The  departments  of  the  importer's  business 
are  periodicals  and  books.  Periodicals,  again, 
are  divided  into  American  and  foreign.  The 
American  part  is  profitless.  For  a  very  small 
commission  the  importer  supplies  American 
periodicals  in  a  manner  satisfactory  to  libra- 
rians who  want  complete  files  with  titles  and  in- 
dex. With  the  cheap  agencies  that  do  not  pre- 
tend to  do  more  than  book  the  order  with  the 
publisher,  he  does  not  wish  to  compete,  but 
what  he  agrees  to  do  he  carries  out,  and  tries 
to  give  satisfaction. 

To  foreign  periodicals  the  importer  pays  spe- 
cial attention.  As  against  importation  by  mail 
direct,  which  is  more  expensive  and  naturally 
risky,  losses  being  unavoidable,  the  importer's 
method  of  importation  in  bales  offers  great  ad- 
vantages. Whoever  has  seen  the  New  York 
post-office  when  three  or  four  foreign  steamers 
dump  their  tons  of  printed  matter  into  it,  must 
become  convinced  that  a  great  portion  of  it 
never  can,  and  never  does,  reach  its  destina- 
tion. The  covers  and  addresses,  especially  of 
French  periodicals,  are  torn  off  in  transit.  The 
post-office,  in  one  day,  while  we  used  to  import 
by  mail  ourselves,  often  sent  up  a  dozen  de- 
tached addresses  and  requested  identification  of 
the  contents.  In  the  room  where  the  coverless 
papers  are  stored  the  mass  is  bewildering  and 
identification  is  impossible.  Except  when  spe- 
cially ordered  by  mail,  all  foreign  periodicals 
come  in  weekly  bales  from  London,  Paris,  and 
Leipzig,  forwarded  by  special  arrangement,  in 
the  mail-room  of  the  fleetest  steamers  afloat. 
A  cabled  bill  of  lading  serves  to  make  a  so- 
called  "  tropical  fruit  entry,"  so  that  these  bales 
are  delivered  the  moment  the  steamer  makes 
fast,  usually  earlier  than  letters  can  be  sorted 


and  delivered.  All  papers  are  sent  flat,  in  per- 
fect shape  for  ultimate  binding,  recorded,  and 
re-mailed  in  New  York.  Complete  files  are 
thus  insured.  Notwithstanding  the  expense  of 
this  mode  of  importation,  prices  are  made  lower 
than  mail-copies  cost.  Losses  are  prevented  so 
far  as  human  care  permits.  If  a  steamer  found- 
ers, all  of  course  is  lost,  but  the  importer  knows 
what  his  bale  contained,  and  duplication  is  or- 
dered by  cable.  Many  a  number,  especially  of 
French,  and  scientific  journals  generally,  can- 
not be  bought  separately,  but  a  firm  that  has  a 
reputation  to  lose  does  not  shrink  from  buying 
afresh  a  whole  year's  issue  to  replace  one  single 
number.  When  the  German  steamer  Elbe  went 
down  a  couple  of  years  ago  in  the  German 
Ocean,  not  a  single  one  of  our  subscribers  was 
left  with  a  broken  file. 

The  foreign  agents,  the  publishers  them- 
selves, cannot  furnish  German  and  English 
periodicals  at  as  low  rates  as  bulk  importation 
enables  the  New  York  importer  to  charge.  The 
case  is  in  so  far  different  with  French  journals, 
as  the  prices  which  you  see  printed  on  the  cov- 
ers are  absolutely  net  prices,  for  private  sub- 
scribers, libraries,  and  the  trade  alike.  The  im- 
porter receiving  his  bales  by  the  most  expensive 
of  all,  the  French  line  from  Havre,  cannot  pay 
out  of  the  half  franc  allowance  on  a  2o-franc 
magazine  the  cost  of  insurance,  freight,  packing, 
cable  invoice,  handling,  and  United  States  bulk 
rate  postage.  A  library  preferring  to  be  its 
own  importer  can,  seemingly,  save  a  few  cents 
by  subscribing  direct  at  the  publisher's.  Few 
count  the  annoyance  and  minor  expenses  of 
doing  so,  but  are  promptly  undeceived  when  the 
first  loss  in  the  mails  occur.  Some  foreign 
agents  induce  American  libraries  to  subscribe 
through  them  to  French  periodicals,  and  quote 
low  prices,  but  render  extra  bills  for  postage. 
In  examining  such  an  account,  I  found  that  a 
certain  library  withdrew  its  order  from  the  New 
York  importer  who  charged  $6.50  for  a  paper 
which  the  foreign  agent  offered  for  $6,  but  he 
rendered  a  separate  bill  of  $i  for  postage.  Be- 
sides, his  service  was  four  weeks  behind  in 
time.  The  correspondence  with  librarians  and 
boards  of  trustees  about  the  prices  of  French 
periodicals  is  one  of  the  most  unpleasant  parts 
of  the  importer's  business.  Every  tub  must 
stand  on  its  own  bottom,  and  French  or  other 
net  magazines  cannot  be  supplied  at  a  loss.  A 
fair  price  must  be  charged  for  competent  and 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


satisfactory  work.  The  net  price  system  be- 
gins to  crop  up  largely  in  the  newspaper  field, 
and  the  quotation  of  general  rates  becomes  im- 
possible. It  is  very  evident  that  the  New  York 
importer  cannot  be  expected  to  deliver  at  Chi- 
cago or  San  Francisco  for  $2. 50  a  lo-shilling  net 
newspaper,  when  the  average  expense  of  import- 
ing periodicals  comes  very  near  20  per  cent,  of 
the  actual  outlay. 

The  book  departments  are  the  American  and 
the  foreign.  About  the  former  you  heard  last 
year.  The  importer  is  not  above  furnishing 
the  "  Bessie  books  "  or  "  Poor  old  Roe,"  or  any 
current  novel.  The  foreign  book  department 
is  subdivided  by  countries.  A  large  importer 
has  his  branches  or  his  own  clerks  in  London, 
Paris,  or  Leipzig.  Orders  are  promptly  ac- 
knowledged from  the  New  York  office,  and  go 
out  by  every  mail  steamer  to  be  filled  imme- 
diately. This  makes  cancellation,  except  by 
cable,  impossible.  The  books  come  by  the 
fleetest  steamers  afloat;  naturally,  also,  the 
most  expensive.  Further  subdivisions  are:  new 
books,  second-hand  books,  and  serials.  Lists 
are  kept  of  every  book  coming  out  in  parts; 
every  bibliography  is  scrutinized  to  reclaim 
parts  which  publishers  may  overlook  sending 
on  standing  orders.  The  book  orders  go  to 
South  and  Central  America,  the  Hawaiian  Isl- 
ands, Cape  Colony,  Australia,  Syria,  Egypt,  and 
the  Indies.  With  prominent  publishing  houses 
everywhere  open  accounts  are  kept. 

This  knowledge  of,  practically,  the  book-marts 
of  the  whole  world,  gives  the  importer  great  ad- 
vantages, of  which  he  invites  the  librarian  to 
avail  himself.  In  these  days  of  the  breaking 
down  of  national  boundary  lines  and  of  increased 
international  intercourse,  even  smaller  libra- 
ries have  calls  for  foreign  books,  and  to-day 
there  is  an  added  force  in  the  truth  of  Dr.  Cogs- 
well's statement,  made  nearly  40  years  ago, 
when  he  said  :  "In  collecting  books  for  a 
library  which  aims  to  be  a  good  and  great  one, 
the  proper  question  is,  What  is  the  merit  of  a 
work,  not,  In  what  language  is  it  written  ? " 
Such  knowledge  is  especially  valuable  in  pro- 
curing sets  of  periodicals  and  serials.  An 
American  magazine  may  often  be  bought  cheap- 
er in  England  or  Germany  than  here,  and  vice- 
versa.  The  foreign  dealer  knows  that  the  New 
York  importer  is  well  posted  as  to  current  prices, 
and  for  ready  cash  prefers  to  sell  to  him  cheaper 
than  to  a  travelling  librarian,  or  to  a  house  that 


comes  into  the  market  to  try  an  experiment  or 
fill  an  occasional  order  once  in  a  while. 

The  importer  employs  binderies  specially 
trained  for  library  work,  and  with  large  orders 
and  ready  cash  commands  the  lowest  terms. 
Work  of  any  description  can  be  done,  from  a 
buckram  to  an  extra  Turkey  morocco  gilt-top 
binding,  at  low  prices.  In  binding  recently 
some  later  issues  of  a  French  author,  I  found 
that  my  charge  for  binding  in  Paris,  after  a 
sample  furnished,  was  50  per  cent,  cheaper 
than  the  price  of  the  foreign  agents  who  had 
supplied  the  earlier  volumes.  Sample  bind- 
ings are  kept  of  all  unfinished  or  serial  publica- 
tions. 

Rare  and  out  of  print  books  are  constantly 
kept  in  view  on  card  lists.  Advertisements  in 
the  several  trade  organs  are  tried  and  lists  of 
desiderata  circulated.  If  unlimited  time  is 
given,  good  bargains  can  usually  be  made. 
One  may  advertise  for  a  book  a  whole  year 
without  result  ;  in  the  first  month  thereafter 
several  copies  may  be  offered. 

The  importer  compiles  and  edits,  often  at 
great  expense,  catalogs  and  bulletins,  and  is 
gratified  to  find  that  his  efforts  are  appreciated. 

Altogether,  the  business  of  the  importer  is 
more  laborious  and  painstaking  than  that  of  the 
ordinary  bookseller.  Every  librarian  has  some 
idea  of  the  cost  of  American  books,  but  few 
orders  for  foreign  books,  except  from  the  lar- 
gest libraries,  come  without  preliminary  corre- 
spondence, which  takes  up  much  time.  The 
looking  up  of  data,  especially  when  garbled 
titles  and  wrongly-spelled  names  are  given,  can 
seldom  be  entrusted  to  clerks.  Much  ingenuity 
and  book-knowledge  are  required  to  correct 
such  mistakes.  These  are  especially  annoying 
when  estimates  are  required  before  an  order  is 
placed.  Whenever  the  librarian  has  correct 
and  full  information  as  to  surname,  Christian 
name,  title,  and  above  all,  date  of  publication, 
he  should  not  fail  to  give  it.  The  Duponts 
and  Durands,  the  Meyers  and  Schultzes,  in 
French  and  German,  are  as  plentiful  as  the 
Browns  and  Smiths  in  English,  and  may  take 
the  better  part  of  a  day  to  be  traced.  The 
librarian  has  no  idea  how  his  memory  is  blessed 
if  his  letter  comes  in  such  shape  that  it  can  be 
used  for  the  necessary  notes,  with  plenty  of 
margin,  a  line  for  each  title,  so  that  a  clean 
copy  can  be  made  from  it. 

It  is  more  easy  to  fill  an  order  than  to  make  a 


LEMCKE. 


correct  estimate,  especially  for  American  books, 
as  th'e  discounts  of  publishers,  both  here  and 
abroad,  vary  more  and  more.  "Net"  books 
multiply.  The  dealer  who  overlooks  the  dia- 
critical marks,  stars  and  daggers,  in  the  pub- 
lishers' catalogs,  and  ventures  on  quoting  a 
general  discount  for  a  long  list,  may  secure  the 
order  as  against  him  who  works  conscientiously, 
and  with  fuller  knowledge  of  facts  does  not 
promise  a  third  off  on  books  which  the  publisher 
sells  with  a  fifth  at  best.  But  the  former  will 
either  lose  money  or  have  to  report  many 
"  shorts,"  while  the  latter  can  make  good  his 
bid. 

As  a  general  rule,  libraries  which  order  with- 
out previous  estimate  buy  more  cheaply.  The 
dealer  saves  much  time  and  can  and  does  give 
a  liberal  customer  liberal  terms  and  his  full 
share  of  extra  benefits  and  bargains.  Our  ar- 
rangements with  our  best  friends  are  such  that 
they  can  verify  prices  easily  from  publishers' 
lists,  librarians  reading  stars  and  daggers  as 
readily  as  booksellers;  and  this  holds  good  for 
American  as  well  as  for  foreign  books. 

The  genesis  of  an  estimate  for  a  government 
library  was  recently  told  from  my  actual  ex- 
perience in  the  pages  of  The  Publishers'  Weekly, 
so  that  I  need  not  detain  you  here  with  its 
repetition. 

Prices  and  general  terms  depend  upon  cir- 
cumstances. While  Dr.  Cogswell's  remark  of 
40  years  ago,  anent  the  opening  of  the  Astor 
Library,  that  it  is  a  real  degradation  of  books 
to  value  them  by  dollars  and  cents,  may  be 
true,  even  from  the  librarian's  standpoint,  no 
one  should  pay  more  than  a  book  is  worth  in 
open  market,  and  the  dealer  who  overcharges 
kills  the  hen  that  lays  the  golden  egg  —  which 
is,  at  best,  a  silver  egg  nowadays. 

Yet,  the  craze  for  cheapness  has  gone  as  far 
as,  or  perhaps  farther  than,  it  should.  I  know 
of  two  once  prosperous  firms  that  have 
failed  because  they  sold  too  many  books  to  li- 
braries. In  England  and  Germany  also  the 
rage  for  cheapness  is  hastening  the  book  trade 
into  bankruptcy.  But  it  is  a  fact  that  the  Amer- 
ican library,  through  the  New  York  importer, 
buys  European  books  cheaper  than  does  the 
British  Museum,  the  Royal  Library  of  Berlin, 
or  the  Paris  National  Library.  Competition  on 
the  one  side,  and  the  size  of  orders  on  the 
other,  have  brought  about  this  state  of  affairs. 
But  the  size  of  an  order  has  something  to  do 


with  the  rate  applied.  An  occasional  order 
cannot  and  usually  is  not  expected  to  be  filled 
by  fair-minded  librarians  at  rates  which  pay 
a  small  profit  only  if  the  order  is  of  consider- 
able amount.  We  have  been  told  by  two  Presi- 
dents of  the  United  States  that  cheapness  is 
the  cause  of  all  evil,  that  the  demand  for  a 
cheap  coat  involves  a  cheaper  man  and  woman 
in  the  coat,  that  cheap  and  nasty  go  together, 
and  that  the  cry  for  cheapness  is  un-American. 
The  cheapness  of  the  department  stores  is  fast 
becoming  a  political  issue,  and  I  must  say  it  is 
enough  to  sicken  the  lover  of  literature  to  see 
the  books  of  our  most  aristocratic  publishers 
which  the  legitimate  dealer  buys  with  one-third 
or  two-fifths  off,  slaughtered  on  the  bargain- 
counters  at  five  cents  on  the  dollar.  It  certain- 
ly does  not  seem  the  right  thing  for  large  li- 
braries to  cut  estimates  into  two,  four,  or  ten 
different  orders,  and  to  merely  order  the  cheap- 
est single  books  from  one  firm  which,  in  the 
aggregate,  may  have  quoted  the  lowest  figure. 
Let  me  ask  you,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  how  you 
would  like  the  idea  of  our  public  libraries  ad- 
vertising for  bids  for  the  lowest-priced  librarian 
or  assistant  ?  There  are  times  when  the  libra- 
rian needs  the  bookseller  who,  in  turn,  is  the 
means  of  saving  the  librarian's  time  and  money, 
and,  generally  speaking,  is  satisfied  with  profits, 
which  in  any  other  calling,  requiring  a  large 
capital,  broad  culture  and  accomplishments  in 
ancient  and  modern  languages,  would  be 
scorned  as  beggarly.  As  Dr.  Billings  puts  it  • 
"  The  librarian  cannot  do  his  work  without 
the  aid  of  the  bookseller,  but  the  bookseller 
can  get  along  very  well  without  the  patronage 
of  the  librarian.  The  bookseller  knows,  or 
should  know,  all  that  the  average  librarian 
knows  and  a  number  of  things  besides  ;  for 
example,  how  to  make  money,  which  no  libra- 
rian knows  much  about."  But  Dr.  Billings  for- 
gets to  say  how  well  the  librarian  knows  how  to 
prevent  the  bookseller  from  profiting  by  his,  in 
this  one  respect,  supposed  superior  knowledge. 

It  remains  to  touch  upon  the  importer's  rela- 
tion with  publishers  with  whom  he  must  needs 
keep  on  good  terms.  He  must  shoulder  losses 
for  returns  of  duplicates  ordered  by  mistake, 
which  he  cannot  refuse  to  a  library,  while  some 
publishers  are  very  unaccommodating  to  the 
bookseller. 

The  publisher  should  refrain  from  undersell- 
ing the  dealer.  Some  publishers  are  more 


i6 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


liberal  than  others  and  recognize  the  value  of 
the  retailer,  the  great  German  firms  declining 
orders  from  private  buyers,  and  at  least  one 
London  firm,  that  of  Fisher  Unwin,  which  I 
take  pleasure  in  naming,  prints  on  its  lists  the 
notice  that  on  application  he  will  furnish  the 
address  of  the  dealer  through  whom  his  books 
can  be  had.  There  are  others  not  so  disposed. 

The  New  York  importer,  as  against  the 
foreign  agent  for  American  libraries,  is  a  theme 
which  it  would  not  be  becoming  in  me  to  en- 
large upon.  Most  of  you  have  made  your  own 
experiments,  but  I  may  say  this  much,  that  ac- 
counts which  I  have  examined,  professedly 
showing  foreign  net  prices  with  a  good  com- 
mission added  and  all  expenses  charged  to  the 
American  library,  displayed  a  great  elasticity 
of  discounts.  The  American  importer  whom 
you  meet  socially  and  whose  character  you 
know,  would  find  such  policy  ruinous  to  his 
business.  Mr.  Andrews,  some  years  ago,  pub- 
lished his  experiences  as  to  the  advantages  of 
the  New  York  importer  over  the  foreign  agent, 
with  chapter  and  verse,  in  the  Library  Journal, 
so  that  I  need  not  go  into  particulars  here. 

The  importer  does  close  figuring  in  the  inter- 
ests of  his  library  clients  to  supply  the  cheaper 
edition,  if  there  is  an  American  edition  in  the 
market,  as  compared  with  a  London  edition  im- 
ported free  of  duty.  His  services  give  to  libra- 
ries the  advantages  of  greater  promptness;  one 
single  account  with  one  responsible  firm  within 
easy  reach  for  correspondence  for  all  purchases, 
returns,  claims,  and  remittances;  prompt  ac- 
knowledgment of  all  orders  ;  and  the  possi- 
bility of  examining  new  foreign  books  before 
purchasing.  I  claim,  naturally,  also  lower 
terms. 

There  is  one  more  thing  to  mention.  I  be- 
lieve we  shall  never  attain  that  state  of  perfect 
bliss  when  Mr.  Charles  A.  Dana's  proposition  of 
"  Cash  down  and  higher  prices,"  made  to  the 
paper-makers  at  a  recent  banquet  in  New  York, 


will  have  application  to  librarian  and  importer. 
But  such  terms  would  not  be  unreasonable.  If 
I  send  an  order  abroad  to-day  the  cash  to  pay 
for  it  must  be  ready  in  my  European  offices, 
laid  down  there  60  days  ago.  The  books  are 
bound  and  the  binder  expects  cash.  All  ex- 
penses, packing,  freight,  insurance,  customs 
brokerage  are  cash.  My  clerk-hire  and  store 
rent  are  cash.  Yet,  it  is  on  an  average  four  to 
six  months  before  the  check  for  the  bill  comes 
back  to  me,  involving  a  loss  of  two  per  cent,  or 
three  per  cent,  interest  on  so  much  money. 
Even  for  periodical  subscriptions,  which  are 
invariably  paid  cash  in  advance,  a  couple  of 
months'  interest  is  in  most  cases  lost,  and  often 
more.  Still,  the  New  York  importer  is  anxious 
for  your  trade,  small  as  the  profits  are,  for 
there  is  little  or  none  of  the  element  of  risk 
connected  with  most  other  business  transac- 
tions, and  it  flatters  his  pride  to  supply  large  or 
small  libraries  and  many  of  them. 

Let  me  conclude  with  Mr.  Shaylor's  remarks 
from  an  article  in  the  December  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury of  last  year: 

"I  am  fully  convinced  that  the  bookseller 
who  has  a  well-informed  mind  and  one  always 
capable  of  development,  who  takes  an  interest 
in  his  trade  because  he  loves  books,  and  who 
has  business  capabilities  worthy  of  his  trade,  is 
bound  to  make  more  than  a  bare  living.  He 
will  not  now,  probably,  leave  a  fortune  behind 
him,  but  he  will  have  the  satisfaction  of  being 
associated  with  the  greatest  minds  of  his  age, 
as  well  as  with  that  distinguishing  characteris- 
tic of  a  nation's  intelligence  —  its  literature. 
Booksellers  may  console  themselves  by  being 
classed  with  those  who  follow  literature  as  a 
profession,  and  of  whom  Froude  has  said,  '  It 
happens  to  be  the  only  occupation  in  which 
wages  are  not  given  in  proportion  to  the  good- 
ness of  the  work  done.'"  Mr.  Froude  might 
just  as  truthfully  have  said  instead  of  litt/ra.- 
teurs,  the  Librarian  and  the  Importer. 


HUTCHINS. 


LOCAL    SUPERVISION    OF    TRAVELLING    LIBRARIES. 


BY   F.    A.    HUTCHINS,    SECRETARY   OK  THE  WISCONSIN   FREE  LIBRARY   COMMISSION. 


/TVHE  travelling  libraries  in  Wisconsin  have 
been  managed  somewhat  differently  from 
others  of  their  kind,  and  while  the  peculiar 
characteristics  came  by  force  of  circumstances 
and  not  from  design,  it  is  worth  the  while  to 
note  the  peculiarities  and  some  advantages  ar- 
ising from  them.  To  understand  them  it  will  be 
necessary  to  describe  briefly  the  origin  and  de- 
velopment of  the  libraries. 

There  are  now  six  systems  of  travelling  libra- 
ries in  Wisconsin,  and  each  has  a  large  library 
as  a  centre.  All  but  one  of  these  systems  con- 
fines its  work  to  a  county. 

The  pioneer  system  was  established  by  Hon. 
J.  H.  Stout  in  Dunn  county,  and  has  been  the 
pattern  for  all.  Dunn  county  is  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  state,  and  while  the  first 
clearing  within  its  limits  was  made  about  fifty 
years  ago,  large  parts  of  it  have  been  cleared 
and  settled  within  the  last  twenty  years.  It 
contains  two-thirds  as  many  square  miles  as 
Rhode  Island,  and  has  but  22,000  inhabitants, 
of  whom  7000  live  in  Menomonie,  which  is  the 
county  town.  There  is  one  hamlet  of  about  400 
inhabitants  and  another  of  300,  but  most  of  the 
country  people  are  farmers.  In  a  few  town- 
ships the  farmers  are  fairly  well-to-do,  in  a  few 
they  are  struggling  with  a  poor  soil,  and  in 
others  they  are  working  out  excellent  farms  on 
land  that  has  been  covered  with  very  heavy 
timber.  There  are  many  Germans  and  Nor- 
wegians, but  the  American  spirit  is  dominant, 
and  the  country  schools  are  among  the  best  in 
the  state.  Nearly  every  school  has  a  library  of 
from  10  to  40  volumes.  The  hamlets  have 
school  libraries  of  from  50  to  200  volumes. 
Many  of  the  books,  however,  are  somewhat 
difficult  for  the  children,  and  the  young  people 
who  do  not  attend  school  and  the  older  people 
use  the  school  libraries  but  little. 

Most  of  the  county  is  quite  hilly,  and  the 
farms  frequently  follow  the  streams  in  the 
valleys.  Many  of  the  travelling  library  sta- 
tions are  not  readily  accessible  to  more  than 
15  'or  20  families.  There  are  two  railroads 
running  east  and  west  through  the  county,  and 
one  reaching  Menomonie  from  the  south,  but 


the  most  of  the  post-offices  get  their  mail  from 
stages. 

Mr.  Stout  is  a  trustee  of  an  excellent  library 
in  Menomonie,  which  is  maintained  by  a  family 
who  are  his  friends.  Its  books  are  free  to  all  resi- 
dents of  the  county.  The  librarian  is  not  only 
intelligent,  enthusiastic,  and  well-trained  in  her 
profession,  but  she  has  a  very  wide  acquaint- 
ance in  the  county.  Mr.  Stout  announced  his 
plans  for  the  travelling  libraries  in  January, 
1896,  and  sent  out  the  first  16  in  the  following 
May.  In  March,  1897,  he  had  37  libraries  and 
34  travelling  library  stations.  Three  of  the  li- 
braries have  been  kept  in  Menomonie  for  con- 
venience in  exchanging  and  repairing  books. 
The  first  libraries  contained  30  volumes  each, 
and  included  only  10  for  children  on  account 
of  the  number  of  school  libraries.  The  demand 
from  children  and  people  who  had  read  English 
but  little  was  so  great,  however,  that  10  quite 
simple  juvenile  books  were  added  to  each  li- 
brary. A  large  proportion  of  the  latter  were 
volumes  upon  American  history  and  biography. 

Of  the  34  stations,  22  are  in  farm-houses,  nine 
in  post-offices,  two  in  country  stores,  and  one 
in  a  railway  station.  Two  of  the  post-offices 
are  in  small  stores  and  the  others  are  in  farm- 
houses. 26,  then,  or  about  two-thirds,  are  in 
farm  houses,  but  nearly  all  are  in  or  near  post- 
offices,  and  therefore  convenient  for  the  people 
of  their  neighborhoods.  The  first  20  libraries 
sent  out  were  returned  to  the  central  library 
after  a  summer's  use,  and  showed  a  total  of  732 
borrowers  and  a  circulation  of  3257.  The 
largest  number  of  borrowers  at  a  station  was  76, 
and  the  smallest  25.  The  largest  circulation 
was  272  and  the  smallest  73.  The  average 
circulation  at  a  station  was  163.  The  librarians 
reported  that  many  of  the  popular  books  were 
read  by  from  two  to  five  persons  each  time  they 
were  drawn,  and  that  in  the  more  remote 
neighborhoods  the  books  of  the  library  fur- 
nished much  of  the  material  for  the  common 
conversation.  The  statistics  for  the  winter's 
work  are  not  yet  available,  but  the  reports  at 
hand  show  that  the  average  circulation  at  the 
stations  increased  about  50  per  cent.  Each  sta- 


i8 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


tion  has  been  supplied  with  children's  periodi- 
cals, popular  magazines,  and  recent  reports  of 
state  agricultural  societies,  but  statistics  of  the 
circulation  of  such  extra  literature  are  not  kept, 
as  the  librarians  are  not  paid,  and  their  work  is 
made  as  light  as  possible. 

These  facts  have  been  given  to  show  how 
isolated  are  the  neighborhoods  which  are  cov- 
ered, how  sparse  is  their  population,  and  how 
small  is  the  chance  for  choice  in  getting  libra- 
rians. The  great  success  of  the  libraries,  and 
the  continuing  local  enthusiasm  in  their  work, 
suggests  a  positive  merit  in  the  plan  upon  which 
they  were  founded  as  applied  to  such  con- 
ditions. 

Following  Mr.  Stout's  original  plan,  the  books 
of  the  libraries  were  selected,  and  the  details  of 
the  general  scheme  were  worked  out,  by  the 
Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission.  An 
officer  of  the  commission  made  a  careful  can- 
vass of  the  county  before  the  books  were  bought, 
and  studied  the  local  conditions.  He  has  also 
visited  nearly  all  the  stations,  and  a  number  of 
them  twice,  since  the  books  were  sent  out, 
The  commission  has  also  sent  the  local  libra- 
rians all  the  circulars  of  information  which  it 
has  published,  and  has  treated  them  as  members 
of  the  profession.  Mr.  Stout  has  found  many 
ways  of  interesting  the  leading  people  of  the 
county  in  the  work,  but  most  of  the  details 
have  been  left  in  the  hands  of  Miss  Stella  Lu- 
cas, the  librarian  at  Menomonie.  She  has  visit- 
ed the  stations  and  has  met  the  librarians  and 
the  readers  constantly  in  her  home  library,  and 
has  interested  the  local  editors,  the  teachers, 
and  all  classes  of  citizens.  She  has  arranged 
two  librarians'  institutes  at  Menomonie.  These 
were  attended  by  the  officers  of  the  state  com- 
mission, and  by  the  county  superintendent  of 
schools.  At  one  institute  a  joint  session  was 
held  with  a  teachers'  institute.  The  weather 


on  both  occasions  was  very  unfavorable,  but  the 
attendance  was  fair,  and  the  meetings  aroused 
great  interest  in  all  parts  of  the  county.  The 
country  librarians  who  attended  these  meetings 
were  as  eager  and  intent  to  catch  every  helpful 
suggestion  as  any  of  their  comrades  at  the  state 
meetings.  Their  spirit  and  enthusiasm  were  a 
revelation,  and  inspire  hope  for  great  things  in 
the  future.  The  inspiration  for  this  spirit  is 
found  largely  in  the  local  supervision.  The 
state  supervision  gives  the  opportunity  to  get 
the  best  of  the  experience  of  other  libraries, 
but  no  state  system  can  give  the  benefits  grow- 
ing from  local  supervision  and  direct  personal 
contact. 

In  the  second  system  established  on  a  similar 
plan,  that  founded  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Witter  in  Wood 
county,  there  have  been  similar  results.  Wood 
county  is  one  of  the  least  advanced  educationally 
in  the  state.  It  has  nearly  as  large  a  population 
as  Dunn  county.  Mr.  Witter  has  sent  out  27  li- 
braries. The  most  remarkable  result  in  the 
latter  case  has  been  the  great  improvement  at 
the  central  library.  The  aggressive  missionary 
spirit  of  the  travelling  library  movement  has 
seized  upon  the  library  trustees  and  the  teach- 
ers. The  central  library  has  nearly  doubled  its 
circulation  in  the  last  eight  months  and  is  using 
a  much  better  class  of  books.  The  officers  of 
the  commission  expect  soon  to  hold  a  librarian's 
institute  in  the  county,  and  hope  for  much  good 
as  a  result  of  the  increasing  enthusiasm. 

This  local  supervision  in  Wisconsin  grew 
from  circumstances.  Our  plan  of  work  for  the 
state  as  a  whole  is  not  yet  made.  Our  present 
problem  is  this  —  Can  we  cover  the  state  and 
still  save  the  great  advantages  flowing  from 
this  local  supervision  and  local  interest?  The 
excuse  for  this  paper  is  that  the  problem 
which  confronts  us  will  soon  confront  many  of 
you. 


FAIR  CHILD. 


METHODS   OF   CHILDREN'S   LIBRARY  WORK  AS   DETERMINED  BY 
THE   NEEDS  OF  THE   CHILDREN.  — I. 


BY   EDWIN  MILTON   FAIRCHILD,    OF  THE  EDUCATIONAL  CHURCH   BOARD,   ALBANY,   N.   Y. 


T  T  NLESS  the  light  which  such  institutions  as 
Clark  University  are  now  shedding  on  the 
philosophy  of  education  produces  mirage  effects 
in  the  distant  scenes  of  the  library  world,  it  will 
sometime  appear  distinctly  visible  to  many,  not 
simply  that  a  free  public  library  is  an  essential 
part  of  each  city's  complete  educational  effort, 
but  that  a. public  libraries  system,  as  complete  in 
its  activities  as  is  the  public  schools  system, 
needs  to  be  established  in  each  city,  in  order 
that  the  educational  effects  which  effort  through 
libraries  is  capable  of  producing  may  actually 
be  secured.  This  complete  city  libraries  system 
will  include,  probably,  (i)  the  central  adult  li- 
brary, (2)  branch  adult  libraries,  (3)  children's 
neighborhood  libraries,  (4)  home  libraries,  (5) 
school  libraries,  and  (6)  travelling  libraries. 

A  librarian  in  a  city  not  far  from  Troy,  N.  Y., 
has  devised  a  scheme  by  which  he  avoids  a  per- 
sonal encounter  with  those  high  in  authority, 
and  yet  prevents  the  members  of  the  families 
of  the  trustees  from  getting  to  the  shelves 
and  spoiling  the  orderly  arrangement  of  the 
books.  Whenever  books  are  to  be  rebound,  in- 
stead of  having  the  titles  of  the  books  printed  on 
the  new  backs,  the  binder  is  instructed  to  print 
upon  the  back  of  each  book  the  name  of  the 
library  and  the  call  number  of  the  book.  The 
time  approaches  when  each  book  will  bear  the 

title  "Free  Public  Library  of  ."     This 

shrewd  librarian  keepeth  the  catalog  carefully 
in  his  possession,  and  the  members  of  the  fami- 
lies of  the  trustees  find  themselves  unable  to 
discover  the  old  set  of  Dickens  with  its  new 
binding  and  its  strange  title,  "Free  Public 

Library  of ,"  save  as  they  first  inquire 

its  whereabouts  of  the  librarian,  who  considers 
it  his  function  to  see  that  the  books  are  properly 
arranged  upon  the  shelves,  and  carefully  kept, 
each  in  its  assigned  place.  Many  and  many  a 
library  is  a  suggestion  of  an  educational  insti- 
tution simply  because  the  dead  pages  of  the 
books  flash  forth  the  intelligence  of  those  who 
wrote  them  ;  for  its  librarian  no  more  deserves 
to  be  called  an  educator  than  does  the  man  who 
sells  you  your  railroad  ticket  or  the  woman  who 


offers  you  a  newspaper  at  her  stand.  But  these 
guardians  of  the  book  do  not  belong  to  the 
A.  L.  A. ;  their  work  is  not  professional.  They 
are  earning  a  living,  such  as  it  is,  and  society 
has  little  use  for  them  and  less  need. 

Those  worthy  of  honor  are  the  librarians  who 
not  only  know  books  and  how  to  arrange  books 
convenient  to  the  hands  of  the  readers,  but  those 
who  know  how  to  use  books  for  the  enrichment  and 
enlargement  of  the  life  of  their  communities.  One 
reads  with  something  of  surprise  the  definition 
of  a  librarian  given  in  the  up-to-date  "  Century 
dictionary"  ;  "  The  keeper  or  custodian  of  a  li- 
brary; one  who  has  charge  of  the  books  and 
other  contents  of  a  library."  When  the  A.  L. 
A.  adopted  its  present  motto,  "The  best  read- 
ing for  the  largest  number  at  the  least  cost," 
a  desire  for  library  extension  had  taken  pos- 
session, and  a  large  circulation  was  the  proof  of 
efficiency.  In  view  of  this  fact,  the  "Century 
dictionary  "  should  have  added  to  its  two  defini- 
tions of  the  librarians,  (i)  the  copyist  of  mss. 
and  (2)  the  keeper  of  a  library,  a  third  definition, 
viz.,  (3)  "  one  who  has  charge  of  the  administra- 
tion of  a  library  and  the  circulation  of  its  books 
among  the  people."  But  unless  the  distant 
scene  suffers  mirage  enlargement  in  the  light  of 
the  philosophy  of  education  which  such  institu- 
tions as  Clark  University  are  now  shedding,  not 
only  will  the  city  library  become  the  city  libra- 
ries system,  but  the  advance  movement  already 
begun  by  educational  librarians  will  result  in 
making  obsolete  this  suggested  definition  of  a 
librarian.  The  science  of  pedagogics  will  soon 
include  the  questions  involved  in  the  subject  of 
library  methods.  The  library  schools  will  fur- 
nish a  course  in  library  pedagogics.  The  term 
"  librarian  "  will  be  applicable  only  to  those  who 
know  how  to  so  administer  a  library  as  to  make  its 
books  of  greatest  educational  value.  These  edu- 
cational librarians  bring  to  their  librarianship 
the  knowledge  and  skill  that  result  from  read- 
ing the  philosophy  of  education,  and  enduring 
a  practice  discipline  similar  to  that  now  given 
our  teachers. 

One  who  is  not  interested  in  the  theories  that 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


lie  at  the  foundation  of  every  organized  edu- 
cational effort,  but  demands  something  "prac- 
tical," in  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  theories  are 
the  most  practical  things  in  existence,  will  find 
little  of  interest  presented  in  this  paper.  This 
paper  deals  chiefly  in  theory  and  plan,  because 
when  the  educational  librarian  attacks  the  sub- 
ject of  children's  library  work,  he  does  not  be- 
gin by  asking,  What  can  my  library  do  for  the 
children  ?  His  question  is,  From  the  stand- 
point of  sociology,  what  do  the  children  need  ? 
And  this  question  he  settles  from  his  psycholo- 
gy. Then  he  asks  himself  the  question,  What 
are  the  best  methods  of  doing  for  the  children 
what  they  need  ?  —  and  this  question  he  settles 
from  his  library  pedagogics.  Finally  he  asks 
the  practical  question,  How  shall  I  succeed  in 
getting  my  library  to  do  this  needed  work  ? 
The  educational  librarian  must  discover  what 
this  human  life  which  he  seeks  to  enrich  and 
enlarge  really  is  —  What  laws  govern  its 
growth  ?  What  laws  govern  the  action  of  one 
psychic  unit  upon  another?  What  methods  of 
education  are  wise  in  view  of  these  laws  of 
psychic  action  ?  What  are  the  special  ends  to 
be  secured  by  the  library,  when  the  library  is 
placed  in  its  appropriate  position  among  the 
educational  institutions,  the  schools,  colleges, 
and  churches  ?  What,  theoretically,  are  the  li- 
brary methods  calculated  to  secure  the  desired 
results  ?  Methods  that  are  theoretically  cor- 
rect must  be  put  to  experimental  tests. 

The  point  of  view  of  this  paper  is  that  the  city 
library  is  to  expand  into  the  city  libraries  sys- 
tem; the  term  librarian  is  to  be  applicable  only 
to  those  who  have  the  spirit  of  the  educator, 
and  are  thoroughly  equipped  for  their  work 
by  a  college  training,  and  probably  by  a  three 
years'  professional  training,  in  which  is  included 
a  thorough  course  in  library  pedagogics  ;  the 
methods  of  library  work  are  to  be  scientifically 
determined,  the  ends  to  be  gained  being  defined 
by  a  sociology  that  takes  its  start  in  psychol- 
ogy. 

It  is  to  those  who  have  the  spirit  of  the  edu. 
cational  librarian  that  I  wish  to  speak,  and  it  is 
their  questions  as  to  the  proper  educational 
methods  of  children's  library  work  that  I  wish 
to  discuss. 

This  long  introduction  to  the  subject  on  which 
I  am  to  speak  with  definiteness  has  seemed  to 
me  necessary  in  order  that  the  point  of  view 
from  which  this  paper  is  written  may  appear. 


At  present,  aside  from  the  school  libraries,  there 
are  six  kinds  of  children's  libraries  : 

1.  That  represented  by  the  New  York  Free 
Circulating  Library,  in  which  the  children  are 
served  with  the  adults. 

2.  That    by    the    Utica   Public    Library,    in 
which  the  juvenile  literature  is  given  a  special 
set  of  shelves. 

3.  That  by  the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library, 
in  which    the  children  have  a  separate    room 
opening  out  of  the  room  for  adults. 

4.  That  by   the    Detroit   Public   Library,    in 
which  the  children  have  a  room  entirely  sepa- 
rate from  the  part  of  the  building  devoted  to 
adults  and  have  access  to  their  room  through  a 
separate  entrance. 

5.  That  by  the  Neighborhood  Guild  Library 
in  the  University  Settlement,  26  Delancey  street, 
New  York  City,  in  which  the  work  is  exclusive- 
ly for  children,  and  considerable  effort  is  made 
to  furnish  reading  supplementary  to  the  school 
work. 

6.  That  by  the  Children's  Neighborhood  Li- 
brary,  of  Troy,   N.  Y.,  in  which  the  effort  is 
directed  exclusively  to  enriching  and  enlarging 
the  life  of  the   children  through  inspirational 
literature,   the   school   supplementary   reading 
being  excluded  for  psychological  reasons. 

I  have  been  able  to  make  a  personal  study  of 
the  children's  library  work  done  in  New  York 
City  and  in  Brooklyn.  As  a  result  of  two  years' 
experience  came  the  formulation  of  the  plans  for 
the  Children's  Neighborhood  Library,  of  Troy  — 
a  library  which  was  the  outgrowth  of  my  de- 
sire to  make  a  children's  library  ethically  inspir- 
ing. The  plans  of  that  library  reflect  the  con- 
clusions to  which  I  have  come  in  many  matters 
of  detail  on  which  it  will  not  be  possible  to 
touch  in  this  paper,  and  those  who  have  the 
least  desire  to  know  my  judgment  in  these 
matters  are  referred  to  the  librarian  of  the 
Children's  Neighborhood  Library  in  Troy,  N.  Y. 

But  so  far  as  scientific  determination  of  the 
proper  educational  methods  of  conducting  the 
library  work  for  children  is  concerned,  nothing 
could  be  more  serious  than  to  make  the  mis- 
take of  starting  from  a  consideration  of  the 
library  work  already  being  done.  The  library 
work  already  being  done  is  determined  in  its 
methods  by  the  peculiar  exigencies  of  the  situa- 
tions in  which  these  particular  libraries  find 
themselves.  The  great  ends  to  be  gained  must 
be  stated  by  the  science  of  sociology,  and  the 


FAIRCHILD. 


21 


educational  methods  must  be  determined  by  ref- 
erence to  the  psychology  of  childhood.  We  are 
all  delighted  over  the  great  good  resulting  from 
the  children's  library  work  now  being  done,  but 
our  delight  should  not  blind  us  to  the  fact  that 
library  work  for  children  is  still  in  its  incipi- 
ency,  and  that  the  proper  methods  to  be  used 
by  those  worthy  of  being  classed  among  the 
educational  librarians  must  be  determined  by 
reference  to  the  general  sciences,  which  de- 
termine the  needs  of  society  and  of  the  indi- 
vidual human  being. 

Thus  far  I  have  been  able  to  speak  with 
something  of  personal  confidence  in  the  truth 
of  my  words.  Now  that  we  enter  upon  the 
consideration  of  the  ends  to  be  gained  in  this 
children's  library  work,  and  the  general  and 
special  methods,  and  take  into  consideration 
what  this  city  libraries  system  involves,  and  the 
place  assigned  children's  library  work,  a  feeling 
of  fear  comes  upon  me.  I  am  relieved  by  the 
certainty  that  you  will  not  treat  with  too  much 
seriousness  the  conclusions  which  are  stated  in 
this  paper,  for  you  will  recognize,  as  the  author 
does  all  too  painfully,  that  these  conclusions,  in 
the  present  state  of  knowledge  of  child  life  and 
social  life,  cannot  be  more  than  search-lights, 
determining,  perhaps,  the  lines  upon  which  it  is 
worth  while  to  experiment. 

Children's  library  work  is  simply  primary  libra- 
ry work.  From  the  standpoint  of  sociology,  the 
greater  ends  to  be  gained  a.re  three  —  (i)  Enriched 
life.  The  child  has  its  circle  of  acquaintances 
enlarged  by  the  stories  it  reads  of  the  boys  and 
girls  whom  imagination  has  created,  and  out  of 
this  enlarged  acquaintance  comes  an  enrich- 
ment of  its  experiences  and  the  growth  of  its 
soul.  Few  children  can  ever  have  the  experi- 
ence of  running  into  the  night,  the  switch- 
man's lantern  in  hand,  to  stop  the  train  that 
rushes  toward  the  sunken  bridge.  The  child 
that  has  that  experience  grows  out  of  shallow 
bravery  into  the  heroic  spirit.  But  many  and 
many  an  heroic  nature  swells  and  bursts  its 
acorn  shell,  becoming  thereafter  full-grown  to 
meet  the  emergencies  of  its  own  adult  experi- 
ence, by  reason  of  having  read  the  story  of 
some  timid  girl  who  dared  the  terrors  of  the 
night  to  do  her  father's  duty.  A  boy's  life  be- 
comes strengthened  as  he  reads  of  the  courage 
and  coolness  of  a  Leather-Stocking.  Few  chil- 
dren would  be  without  sympathy  with  the 
woods  full  of  living  creatures,  birds  and  wolves 


and  snakes  and  bears  and  tigers,  could  the 
charm  of  Mowgli's  boyhood  with  the  Jungle 
People  once  lay  hold  upon  them. 

Not  only  is  there  a  personal  gain  from  the 
enrichment  of  life  but  there  is  a  social  gain. 
The  children  have  ideals  of  action  set  before 
them.,  and  these  ideals  will  govern  them  through 
life.  Adult  sentiments  of  what  is  fair  and 
honorable  may  be  the  outgrowth  of  the  feel- 
ing of  what  is  fair  in  play,  and  the  story  of  a 
baseball  game  may  act  powerfully  to  stimulate 
the  growth  of  the  social  spirit,  out  of  which 
may  come  the  higher-minded  business  man, 
mother,  teacher,  librarian.  The  story  of  the 
Christ  has  produced  many  a  philanthropist. 
The  spirit  of  the  Christ  has  entered  to  abide  in 
many  a  girlish  heart,  because  she  has  read  the 
beautiful  story  of  Mary,  the  mother  of  the 
Christ.  The  anti-social  spirit  of  the  day  is  our 
social  danger.  The  Kansas  populists  dared  to 
break  the  continuity  of  a  college's  effort  by 
summarily  discharging  not  only  its  president 
but  the  entire  body  of  professors.  Granting, 
for  the  sake  of  argument,  that  their  political 
views  are  correct,  they  are  not  justified  in  crip- 
pling a  college  and  causing  the  disintegration  of 
its  strength.  I  am  proud  to  be  a  son  of  the  man 
who  vacated  his  presidential  chair  without  vin- 
dictive speech,  and  begged  his  associated  pro- 
fessors to  be  loyal  to  the  new  administration  if 
it  were  possible,  for  the  sake  of  the  college. 
This  unsocial  spirit  that  delights  to  rip  and  tear 
is  the  menace  of  our  civilization,  and  it  takes 
possession  of  those  whose  life  is  shallow  and 
poor.  There  are  these  grown-up  people  who 
are  willing  to  do  these  unsocial  things  because 
there  have  been  thousands  and  thousands  of 
children  whose  spirits  have  not  been  touched  by 
the  spirit  of  those  who  -write  the  literature  that 
lives. 

The  second  great  end  of  children's  library 
work  is  (2)  The  enlargement  of  knowledge  of 
human  and  nature  life.  The  girl  may  grow  up 
in  close  association  with  her  mother's  woman- 
heart.  Her  father  is  tempered  and  softened 
by  his  experiences  of  the  sorrows  and  weak- 
nesses of  humanity.  The  young  men  are  seen 
at  a  distance,  or  under  the  glare  of  the  lights 
of  the  drawing-room,  or  aglow  with  the  pas- 
sion of  love  in  its  nascent  strength.  The  girl's 
woman-heart  is  won  by  the  psychic  insistence 
of  the  man.  The  girl  in  her  teens,  what  does 
she  know  personally  of  this  masculinity  ?  Just 


22 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


the  half  truth,  which  is  worse  than  the  lie. 
One  who  knows  can  write  a  realistic  novel  of 
the  right  sort  that  will  reveal  to  her  a  man  in 
his  secret  heart  of  hearts. 

And  the  one  who  does  not  understand  the 
times  in  which  he  lives  continually  runs  amuck 
of  the  social  currents  which  flow  according  to 
the  will  of  that  "  Greatness  which  includes  us 
as  the  ocean  holds  each  drop."*  The  children 
of  the  rich  play  with  the  children  of  the  rich, 
study  in  the  private  school  with  the  children  of 
the  rich,  marry  the  children  of  the  rich,  enter- 
tain the  children  of  the  rich,  ride  in  their  car- 
riages and  not  in  the  public  carrier.  What  do 
they  know  of  the  life  of  the  poor?  And  with- 
out knowledge  it  is  impossible  to  sympathize 
with  the  children  of  the  poor.  Sometimes, 
when  the  glare  has  faded  from  the  ball-room, 
or  it  becomes  the  fashion  to  do  charity  work, 
the  men  and  women  of  the  palace  enter  the 
garrets  of  the  people  of  the  street.  It  is  the  peo- 
ple of  the  palace  whose  knowledge  of  human 
life  is  scant,  and  their  efforts  in  reform  are  as 
useless  as  the  child's  attempt  to  build  a  dyke  to 
keep  the  sea  from  its  play-house  on  the  beach. 
The  realistic  novel  may  reveal  to  them ,  the 
meaning  of  experiences  not  within  their  sphere. 

Let  the  children's  library  furnish  the  children 
with  a  knowledge  of  the  experiences  of  the 
child  life  of  society  ;  the  youth's  library,  the 
young  men  and  young  women  with  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  experiences  of  young  manhood  and 
womanhood;  then  let  the  adult  library  furnish 
the  full-grown  men  and  women  accurate  infor- 
mation of  the  social  conditions  prevailing  in  the 
different  social  groups  into  which  society  is  now 
divided,  and  under  these  conditions  the  multi- 
tudes may  become  socialized  and  democracy 
be  a  success.  This  work  the  schools  cannot  do. 
Literature  alone  can,  and  the  children's  library 
has  assigned  to  it  a  great  and  important  social 
service.f 

*  From  "  The  song  of  the  soul." 

t  The  July  number  of  the  A  merican  Journal  of  Soci- 
ology contains  an  article,  written  probably  about  the 
same  time  as  the  above,  in  which  Dr.  E.  A.  Ross,  of  Leland 
Stanford  Jr.  University,  says:  "Not  slavery  alone  but 
the  narrow  sympathies  of  a  provincial  literature  caused 
the  South  to  drift  away.  East  and  West  became  alienated 
through  clash  of  interests,  but  the  story-writers  and  play- 
wrights come  in  and  help  the  people  to  understand  each 
other  "  —  "  An  imperial  democracy  like  ours  is  an  experi- 
ment, and  succeeds  only  because  the  press  and  a  national 
literature  inspire  broad  sympathies." 


The  third  great  end  to  be  accomplished  by 
children's  library  work  is  of  a  different  nature, 
but  so  important  as  to  deserve  equal  place 
with  the  (i)  enrichment  of  life  and  the  (2)  en- 
largement of  knowledge.  The  children's  li- 
brary must  (3)  establish  the  reading  habit.  The 
child  must  grow  up  to  feel  that  the  library  is 
the  continual  source  of  the 'renewal  of  its  life 
and  of  its  perpetually  enlarging  joy.  Physio- 
logical psychology  determines  that  the  govern- 
ing habits  of  the  human  being  are  established 
by  the  age  of  30.  The  reading  habit  must  be 
established  in  childhood  and  strengthened  as 
the  child  becomes  adult. 

As  to  the  general  methods  of  gaining  these  great- 
er ends. 

Enriched  life,  the  first  great  end,  can  be  se- 
cured by  associating  the  children  with  the  chil- 
dren of  the  books.  The  undeveloped  sentiments 
of  the  child  are  strengthened  by  sympathizing 
with  the  children  of  whom  it  reads.  Idealistic 
fiction  is  therefore  the  chief  means  by  -which  the 
librarian  educates  the  soul  of  the  child.  I  am 
using  the  term  soul  in  the  psychological  sense,* 
not  in  the  theological.  Many  of  the  stories  of  the 
St.  Nicholas,  Youth's  Companion,  and  Harper's 
Roiind  Table  are  to  be  rated  of  high  educational 
value.  Biographical  stories  differ  from  ficti- 
tious in  no  essential  particular.  A  little  more 
weight  attaches  in  the  child's  mind  to  a  true 
story,  provided  the  true  story  treats  the  char- 
acters in  the  live  way  characteristic  of  the 
fictitious  story.  Most  biographies  of  the  boy- 
hoods of  men  who  have  become  distinguished 
are  lacking  the  impressive  movement  and  spirit 
of  high-class  fiction.  The  story  is  in  the  third 
person.  And  for  inspiration  these  biographies 
are  of  secondary  value. 

Enlargement  of  knowledge  of  human  life  is 
secured  chiefly  through  the  (i)  realistic  novels, 
and  (2)  descriptive  fiction.  "  The  bonnie  brier- 
bush  "  acquaints  one  with  a  whole  commu- 
nity. Idealistic  fiction  brings  enrichment  of 
life,  the  realistic  novel  brings  enlargement  of 
knowledge  of  human  life.  When  history  is 
well  written  there  is  little  difference  between  the 
history  and  the  realistic  novel.  The  crises  of  so- 
ciety, when  accurately  and  skilfully  set  forth, 
are  seen  to  be  the  times  when  the  human  soul 
reveals  its  full  self.  History  is  the  description 
of  the  social  soul  in  times  past,  and  the  realistic 

*  See  "  Psychic  factors  of  civilization,"  by  Lester  F. 
Ward. 


FAIR  CHILD. 


novel  is  the  history  of  the  social  soul  in  its 
present  life  struggle.  Through  the  realistic 
novel  the  children  of  China  can  be  known  by 
the  child  brought  up  in  the  vvorkingman's  home 
in  Philadelphia. 

These  idealistic  and  realistic  stories  of  life 
reveal  to  the  children  the  meaning  of  their  own 
experiences.  And  these  stories,  if  true  to  life, 
store  the  child's  mind  with  knowledge  of  the 
ways  and  means  of  getting  its  ambitions  accom- 
plished. Stories  of  adventure  give  the  success- 
ful ways  of  escaping  from  dangerous  situations. 
The  contrivances  by  which  two  courageous 
boys  lost  on  the  mountain -side  managed  to 
spend  the  night  comfortably  and  to  protect 
themselves  from  the  wolves  and  snakes  are 
part  of  the  necessary  information  of  each  well- 
equipped  boy  and  girl. 

Enlarged  knowledge  of  the  life  of  nature  is 
secured  through  books  of  natural  history,  arid 
these,  if  they  would  be  most  effective,  must  be 
descriptive  fiction,  because  fiction  allows  things 
to  be  shown  in  action  and  in  actual  relations  to 
human  beings.  A  story  of  how  Harry  used  a 
sumac  reed  for  his  pop-gun,  and  soon  suffered 
from  its  poison,  may  introduce  an  account  of 
Harry's  instructive  ramble  through  the  woods 
with  a  botanist. 

And  if  this  fiction  descriptive  of  nature  could 
generate  the  child's  love  for  the  fairy  spirits  of 
the  violets  and  the  Jack-in-the-pulpits,  would  it 
not  be  often  true  that  the  adult  soul  would  find 
the  meaning  of  the  mountains,  and  of  the  deep 
blue  heaven  with  its  teeming  life  of  myriad 
suns  and  worlds,  so  that  it  might  sing  to  itself 
when  weary  and  heavy  laden: 

"  A  mighty  Presence  fills  the  air 

And  meanings  through  all  being  thrill ; 

Infinite  Love,  my  mother, 

Takes  me  to  Her  bosom, 
Holds  me  calm  and  still. 

"  Lying  thus  space-cradled,  yes,  I  know 
That  Love  in  heaven  wide  and  deep, 
Gently  as  a  mother 
O'er  her  wee,  sweet  baby, 
Lulls  my  soul  to  sleep." 

— From  "  The  evensong  of  those  that  are    weary  and 
heavy  laden" 

The  fear  of  death  might  pass,  and  a  courage  to 
live  be  born  of  which  few  have  knowledge. 

But  the  accomplishment  of  these  two  greater 
ends  depends  upon  the  success  gained  in  rous- 
ing the  child's  enthusiasm  for  the  library,  and 
establishing  the  reading  habit.  Our  actions 


are  the  result  of  our  necessities  and  our  desires. 
Unless  the  children  grow  into  a  permanent  de- 
sire for  the  satisfactions  to  be  gained  from 
books,  most  of  them  will  never  experience  the 
enrichment  and  enlargement  of  life  which  litera- 
ture furnishes.  One  might  watch  in  some 
children's  room  and  find  a  line  of  30  children 
waiting  to  be  served,  and  conclude  that  en- 
thusiasm for  the  library  was  already  a  reality  in 
the  child  life  of  this  library's  community.  But 
the  children  take  up  the  library  as  a  fad,  read 
for  a  few  months,  and  then  forget  the  library. 
The  long  line  of  children  waiting  for  books 
simply  means  that  for  each  library  there  are 
thousands  of  children.  A  large  portion  of  those 
who  draw  do  not  continue  reading  more  than 
nine  months.  At  present  in  the  case  of  75  per 
cent,  of  the  children  of  the  community  we  are 
failing  to  establish  the  reading  habit.  This 
enthusiasm  for  the  library,  which  must  be 
secured,  else  the  children's  library  work  is  a 
failure  from  the  standpoint  of  education,  will 
grow  of  itself,  provided  the  needs  and  desires  of 
the  children  are  accurately  known  and  thoroughly 
respected.  Childhood's  sentiments  must  be  re- 
spected, and  the  children's  library  work  con- 
formed to  childhood's  natural  enthusiasms. 

We  now  take  up  the  consideration  of  more  defi- 
nite questions. 

The  methods  of  children's  library  work  which 
I  am  setting  forth  are  so  intimately  related  to 
this  conception  of  a  city  libraries  system  that  it 
will  be  necessary  to  state  a  few  details  of  this 
system. 

I  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  what  is  in- 
volved in  the  effort  to  enrich  and  enlarge  the 
entire  life  of  a  community,  and  to  present  a  plan 
for  the  articulation  of  the  different  kinds  of  libra- 
ries into  a  city  libraries  system.  According  to 
statistics  gathered  two  years  ago,  only  20  per  cent, 
of  the  people  of  a  community  enter  the  public  li- 
brary during  the  year.  In  order  that  the  library 
shall  exert  educational  force  upon  the  entire  life 
of  a  community,  there  must  be  (i)  free  books,  (2) 
libraries  conducted  on  educational  principles,  and 
(3)  enough  first-class  librarians  to  influence  the 
people.  The  following  plan  is  devised  to  in- 
clude these  requisites. 

The  administration  of  the  entire  city  libraries 
system  is  in  the  hands  of  the  chief  librarian, 
who  has  his  office  in  the  central  adult  library. 
This  central  adult  library  contains  fifty  or  more 
thousand  titles,  is  devoted  exclusively  to  adults, 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


and  in  most  respects  resembles  the  established 
type  of  city  library. 

A  city  is  divisible  into  sub-communities.  In 
this  city  libraries  system  a  branch  adult  li- 
brary is  placed  in  each  one  of  these  group-cen- 
tres. Troy,  N.  Y.,  would  need  two  branch 
adult  libraries,  one  in  North  Troy  and  one  in 
South  Troy.  If  Lansingburg,  Green  Island,  and 
Watervliet  were  consolidated  with  Troy  into  the 
"Greater  Troy,"  five  and  possibly  six  branch 
adult  libraries  would  be  needed.  In  these  branch 
adult  libraries  are  placed  the  2000  best  titles  for 
averagely  intelligent  adults.  Some  variations 
would  be  made  to  suit  the  character  of  the  dif- 
ferent localities.  Of  course  the  branch  adult 
libraries  could  draw  from  the  central  adult  li- 
brary any  book  desired. 

Located  between  these  branch  adult  libraries 
are  the  children! s  neighborhood  libraries,  devoted 
exclusively  to  the  children  in  their  neighbor- 
hoods, and  containing  each  the  best  2000  titles 
for  children,  with  variation  to  suit  the  locality. 
These  children's  neighborhood  libraries  are  not 
burdened  with  the  school  supplementary  read- 
ing, which  is  supplied  through  school  libraries. 


In  the  Greater  Troy  at  least  ten  of  these  chil- 
dren's neighborhood  libraries  would  be  needed. 

The  children's  neighborhood  libraries  are 
centres  for  circles  of  home  libraries.  Each  part 
of  each  neighborhood  is  won  into  appreciation 
of  the  library  by  the  missionary  activity  of 
these  home  libraries. 

Each  public  -school  building  has  a  school  li- 
brary, containing  the  necessary  books  of  refer- 
ence and  other  books  for  supplementary  read- 
ing known  to  be  in  constant  demand. 

The  central  library  is  the  centre  of  travelling 
library  activities.  The  numerous  clubs,  fire 
departments,  police  stations,  hotels,  etc.,  in  the 
city  are  encouraged  to  keep  going  a  continual 
series  of  travelling  libraries.  The  special  needs 
of  the  schools  —  those  needs  not  supplied  by 
the  school  library  —  are  met  by  means  of  school 
travelling  libraries.  The  visitors  who  carry  the 
enthusiasm  for  the  library  into  every  nook  and 
corner  of  the  city  get  their  library  sets  from  the 
central  library. 

I  have  not  suggested  any  new  kinds  of  libra- 
ries. I  have  simply  taken  the  various  kinds  of 
libraries  already  existing  and  articulated  them 


PLAN  ILLUSTRATING   CITY   LIBRARIES   SYSTEM. 
*  Central  adult  library. 
A.  Branch  adult  libraries. 
C.  Children's  neighborhood  libraries. 
B.A.  Territory  covered  by  a  branch  adult  library. 
C.N.         "  "          "   children's  neighborhood  library. 


FAIRCHILD. 


into  a  system,  so  that  they  may  work  together 
to  supply  the  need  of  an  entire  community. 

Thejibrary  work  done  for  children  under  this 
proposed  city  libraries  system  includes  five  kinds 
of  effort:  i.  Children's  neighborhood  libraries. 
2.  Home  libraries.  3.  Club  travelling  libraries. 
4.  School  libraries.  5.  School  travelling  libra- 
ries. There  is  no  question  as  to  the  success  of 
each  of  these  different  kinds  of  children's  li- 
brary efforts,  and  this  combination  of  various 
successful  efforts  into  one  naturally  articulated 
system  ought  to  be  decidedly  effective. 

There  is  not  time  to  elaborate  the  work  as- 
signed each  of  the  five  kinds  of  children's  li- 
brary efforts.  The  remainder  of  the  paper  has 
to  do  with  the  considerations  involved  in  the 
children's  neighbor  hood  library.  This  kind  of  li- 
brary is  demanded  by  the  needs  of  the  children, 
and  is  the  main  channel  for  library  education  of 
the  children.  My  thesis  is  stated  as  follows:  In 
order  that  the  librarian  may  have  the  chance  to 
be  a  personal  inspiration  to  the  children,  and 
that  each  child  may  find  the  books  that  appeal 
to  it,  in  order  that  the  library  as  an  institution 
may  win  the  continued  devotion  out  of  which 
will  grow  the  reading  habit,  it  is  necessary  that 
there  be  a  children's  library  that  is  a  distinct 
and  unique  institution,  disassociated  from  the 
adult  library  and  from  the  school  supplementary 
reading  — a  place  where  the  children  are  led  by 
the  librarian  into  a  grand  revel  in  books. 

The  schools  have  a  distinct  task,  viz.,  to 
strengthen  the  intelligence  of  the  children.  It  is 
a  sad  mistake  to  expect  the  schools  to  take  up 
library  work  save  as  this  assists  them  in  their 
special  task.  The  library  work  appropriate  to 
the  schools  is  distinct  from  that  appropriate  to 
the  children's  neighborhood  library.  I  do 
not  underestimate  the  library  work  appropriate 
to  the  schools;  I  do  not  slight  it  in  this  paper; 
I  simply  omit  the  elaboration  of  school  library 
methods  out  of  consideration  for  my  audience. 

I  make  the  following  argument  for  the  sepa- 
ration of  the  children's  neighborhood  library 
from  the  adult  library :  It  is  a  fact  with  a 
reasonable  explanation  that  the  child  does  not 
like  to  be  continually  under  the  parents'  guid- 
ance. The  boy  likes  to  try  being  his  own 
master.  When  he  and  his  Indian  troopers  are 
in  the  woods,  or  exploring  the  mysteries  of 
some  new  alley,  what  cares  he  for  the  things  of 
his  elders  ?  The  boy  wants  to  find  his  secret 
world  where,  in  the  language  of  the  poet, 


"There  aren't  no  ten  commandments,  and  a 
man  can  raise  a  thirst."  It  is  not  wrong  but 
right  and  necessary  that  the  children  should 
feel  thus,  and  be  anxious  to  have  their  own 
possessions.  The  infant  is  dependent  on  its 
parents,  the  adult  is  independent,  and  the  strug- 
gle of  childhood  and  youth  is,  not  to  wrest  its 
independence  from  its  parents,  but  to  accomplish 
growth  into  the  strength  which  makes  it  com- 
fortable to  standalone.  It  is  by  wisely  satisfying 
this  desire  for  independence  that  children  are 
enabled  to  become,  when  full-grown,  worthy  of 
their  independence.  It  is  a  s&A pedagogical  mis- 
take for  the  children's  library  not  to  utilize  this 
childhood's  natural  enthusiasm  for  independent 
organizations  devoted  exclusively  to  the  chil- 
dren. And  the  best  results  will  be  secured  by 
making  use  of  this  enthusiasm  to  the  full.  I 
have  carefully  considered  all  the  arguments  for 
associating  the  children  with  the  adults,  and 
these  weigh  very  light  against  this  argument 
for  separate  children's  libraries. 

From  this  point  this  paper  deals  with  the 
question  of  methods  without  considering  the 
inconveniences  involved  in  a  close  association 
between  the  adult's  and  children's  libraries. 
The  building,  the  methods,  the  librarian,  the 
books  and  magazines  are  all  for  the  children,  and 
the  children  feel  the  sense  of  possession.  And 
this  is  for  the  sake  of  establishing  in  the  hearts 
of  the  children  of  the  community  a  continued 
library  enthusiasm  out  of  which  may  grow  the 
reading  habit. 

Continued  enthusiasm  depends  also  for  its 
establishment  upon  the  disassociation  of  the 
children's  library  from  the  school  supplementary 
reading.  The  reading  habit  cannot  be  created 
in  the  ordinary  child  by  forcing  it  to  go  to  the 
library  for  its  school  supplementary  reading. 
The  trouble  is  that  the  school  work  has  to  be 
hard  drill.  Intellectual  fibre  toughens  under 
long-continued,  thorough  discipline.  The  chil- 
dren submit  to  this  because  they  appreciate 
somewhat  its  necessity.  I  do  not  mean  to  say 
that  school  work  is  not  at  all  pleasurable,  but  I 
do  mean  to  say  that  as  long  as  the  world  lasts 
the  hour  when  school  is  out  will  be  more  wel- 
come than  that  at  which  school  is  called.  There 
is  no  good  reason  why  the  city  libraries  sys- 
tem should  not  furnish  supplementary  reading 
directly  to  the  school  through  the  school  libra- 
ry. The  children's  neighborhood  library  should 
not  be  obliged  to  carry  in  its  race  for  the  child's 


26 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


love  this  weight  of  the  child's  distaste  for    as- 
signed, forced  reading. 

Continued  enthusiasm  and  the  establishment 
of  the  reading  habit  depend  also  on  the  estab- 
lishment among  the  children  of  a  sentiment  that 
it  is  the  thing  to  be  well  read  in  the  literature  of 
childhood.  The  boy  who  does  not  know  the 
"Jungle  book"  should  be  despised  by  his  peers. 
Judicious  talking  on  the  part  of  the  librarian, 
continued  for  ten  years,  will  establish  this  senti- 
ment among  the  children  of  a  community,  and 
when  once  established  it  will  prove  a  strong 
educational  motive. 

The  chief  source  of  enthusiasm  for  the  children's 
library  is  the  librarian.  I  have  chosen  to  dis- 
cuss the  function  of  the  librarian  in  this  con- 
nection rather  than  under  a  separate  head  in 
order  that  it  may  appear  that  her  personality 
and  ability  as  an  educator  are  vitally  related  to 
the  library's  success  in  maintaining  enthusiasm 
and  establishing  the  reading  habit.  The  libra- 
rian needs  to  be  not  a  careful  clerk  that  tends 
the  loan-desk,  collects  fines,  and  preserves 
order,  but  a  woman  grown,  herself  the  realiza- 
tion of  the  educational  ideal,  which  by  the  way 
is  not  the  smart,  but  the  intelligent,  great- 
souled  woman.  The  woman,  whether  married 
or  unmarried,  who,  because  of  her  singular 
character,  deserves  the  title  "  old-maid,"  is  un- 
fit for  the  position  of  the  children's  librarian. 
The  woman  who  takes  the  children  of  the  com- 
munity to  her  heart  as  a  mother  her  own,  is 
best  fitted  by  nature  for  this  position.  Not 
only  must  the  children's  librarian  be  well  fitted 
by  natural  personal  qualities  for  her  position, 
but  intellectually  she  must  be  thoroughly  and 
specially  trained  for  children's  library  work. 

The  government  of  the  children's  library 
should  be  that  of  the  home.  The  policeman 
and  janitor  are  not  wanted,  and  the  librarian 
that  needs  them  lacks  the  required  tact  and 
force  and  human  sympathy.  If  worse  comes  to 
the  worst,  let  one  of  the  big  boys  of  the  library 
thrash  the  scamp  who  makes  trouble  and  in- 
sults the  librarian. 

The  source  of  control  should  be  the  loyalty 
and  love  of  the  children  for  the  library  and  the 
librarian.  The  etiquette  of  the  library  may  be 
elevated  by  judicious  talks  on  library  ethics. 
Children  are  quick  to  see  what  is  to  the  advan- 
tage of  the  group-life,  and  to  punish  one  who 
offends  against  the  interests  of  all.  These  mat- 
ters are  easily  taken  care  of  if  the  librarian  be 


of  good  courage,  ambitious  for  herself  and  her 
library  children,  possessed  of  real  enthusiasm 
to  live.  In  the  ideal  children's  library  there 
will  be  strong  friendships  between  the  librarian 
and  the  children,  and  on  the  part  of  the  chil- 
dren a  sort  of  heroine  worship. 

The  books  of  the  children's  library  are  simply 
the  librarian's  tools.  Quality,  not  quantity,  is 
the  chief  consideration.  Two  thousand  select- 
ed titles  is  a  sufficient  kit.  If  games  are  in- 
cluded in  the  outfit,  those  selected  should  con- 
tribute to  the  library's  success  in  establishing 
the  reading  habit.  The  library  books  and 
games  are  to  the  librarian  what  the  text-book  is 
to  the  teacher.  From  the  standpoint  of  educa- 
tion the  children's  librarian  is  an  instructor  at 
large.  In  library  phrase  she  is,  in  her  more  im- 
portant function,  a  reference  librarian.  She 
does  not  belong  at  the  loan-desk.  Her  time 
belongs  to  the  children  who  wish  to  select  the 
books  that  fit  their  needs. 

The  educational  value  of  the  children's  libra- 
ry and  its  success  in  maintaining  enthusiasm 
and  establishing  the  reading  habit  depend  upon 
the  children  being  furnished  the  literature  that 
fits  them.  I  found  a  girl  of  thirteen  rushing 
through  "The  ships^that  pass  in  the  night." 
Of  course  she  did  not  like  it,  and  a  few  such 
experiences  would  produce  serious  results.  She 
followed  this  by  "The  scarlet  letter."  What 
did  she  know  of  the  adult  passions  and  their 
social  values,  and  of  the  justice  and  injustice  of 
severe  punishment  for  transgression  against 
established  custom  ?  And  at  thirteen  what 
revelation  could  such  a  book  as  this  make  to 
her  ?  Nothing  but  a  distorted  and  unreal  and 
fascinating  glimpse  of  a  realm  in  which  the 
tragic  thrill  which  her  girlish  nature  craves  is 
gotten  by  social  transgression.  She  drew  both 
books  from  a  library  that  prides  itself  on  its 
children's  work.  "The  scarlet  letter"  could 
not  explain  to  her  her  own  experience.  Some 
story  dealing  with  the  real  and  sacred  loves  of 
girls  and  boys  would  solve  for  her  the  meaning 
of  her  own  mysterious  feelings.  It  will  take 
all  the  insight  of  the  intelligent  mother-spirit, 
this  insight  deepened  by  the  thorough  discipline 
of  the  library  school,  to  select  for  the  children 
from  the  books  upon  the  shelves  those  that  suit 
their  needs. 

The  children's  librarian  can  never  serve  the 
children  properly  unless  she  can  go  with  the 
children  to  the  books  upon  the  shelves.  You  can 


FAIRCHILD. 


27 


sell  railroad  tickets,  but  you  cannot  educate  the 
children  through  a  hole  in  a  grating.  The  chil- 
dren cannot  know  exactly  what  they  need,  and 
the  librarian  must  try  on  various  sorts  of  books 
and  have  a  chance  to  study  temperaments  be- 
fore she  can  fit  closely.  The  task  of  fitting  the 
children  with  books  is  so  difficult  that  it  cannot 
be  accomplished  save  by  adopting  the  policy  of 
helping  the  children  to  fit  themselves.  The 
books  of  the  children's  library  may  be  separated 
into  four  or  five  grades,  but,  under  any  ar- 
rangement, the  children  must  be  allowed  to  get 
to  the  shelves. 

The  children's  library  needs  to  have  a  literary 
atmosphere.  "Have  you  read  Eugene  Field's 
poems  ?  "  is  the  kind  of  question  the  children 
should  ask  each  other.  The  librarian,  of 
course,  will  be  the  centre  from  which  this 
sparkling  interest  in  definite  poems,  stories,  in- 
cidents, characters,  and  natural  phenomena 
arises.  She  may  well  prepare  herself  care- 
fully for  each  day's  literary  chat  with  the 
children. 

But  more  thorough  enlightenment  should  be 
given  the  children  if  their  interest  in  books  is 
to  become  vital.  The  need  demands  that  there 
be  children's  library  clubs,  into  which  the  new 
readers  are  enlisted  and  to  which  the  librarian 
and  her  friends  give  short  illuminating  talks  on 
the  important  books.  I  can  imagine  the  fun 
and  power  of  a  talk  on  Robinson  Crusoe  to  such 
a  children's  library  club. 


It  is  by  disassociation  from  the  adult  library 
and  the  school  supplementary  reading,  and  by 
thorough  work  on  the  part  of  the  librarian,  that 
the  children's  neighborhood  library  can  succeed 
in  establishing  itself  in  the  children's  love,  and 
becoming  of  greatest  educational  value.  The 
primary  teacher  is  to-day  assigned  a  place  as 
important  as  that  of  the  high-school  principal. 
The  children's  librarian  should  rank  with  the 
chief -of  the  adult  library,  and  the  children's  li- 
brary itself  should  rank  with  the  library  for 
grown-up  people. 

The  churches  are  not  alone  in  their  efforts  to 
save  the  people.  The  churches  too  often  seek 
to  restrict  life,  rather  than  to  enrich  and  en- 
large. The  library  cannot  do  otherwise  than 
enrich  and  enlarge.  And  perhaps  there  is  a 
hell  from  which  the  library  saves  people  as 
trying  as  that  from  which  the  orthodox  church 
restrains.  So  many  people  are  uninterested. 
No  enthusiasms  inspire  them.  Only  those 
activities  that  may  result  in  a  little  larger  busi- 
ness or  shorter  hours  and  more  pay  are  to  them 
the  activities  in  which  it  seems  worth  while  to 
indulge  themselves.  There  are  always  the 
dead  to  bury  their  dead.  Fifty  years  of  library 
work  in  each  large  city  of  the  United  States, 
after  the  thorough  manner  outlined  in  this  city 
libraries  system,  would  do  wonders  to  save  the 
multitude  from  their  commonplace  tiresome 
lives.  There  seems  to  be  life  enough  in  the 
A.  L.  A.  to  bring  these  thing  to  pass. 


BOOKS  FOR 

CHILDREN 

ABOUT 

13-16  YEARS 


ABOUT 
9 -16  YEARS 


ABOUT 
6- 9  YEARS 


ABOUT 
-G  YEARS 


LOAN-ROOM   OF  THE  CHILDREN'S   NEIGHBORHOOD   LIBRARY, 


28 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


METHODS   OF   CHILDREN'S   LIBRARY   WORK   AS  DETERMINED   BY 
THE    NEEDS   OF   THE   CHILDREN. —II. 


BY   EMMA  LOUISE   ADAMS,    LIBRARIAN  OF  THE   PLAINFIELD    (N.   J.)   PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 


TT  is  a  truism,  the  significance  of  which  we 
realize  more  and  more  fully  as  we  strive  to 
make  ourselves  really  useful  to  an  individual, 
or  group  of  individuals,  that  to  render  any  real 
service  we  must  know  both  their  needs  and 
their  environments,  so  that  our  efforts  in  their 
behalf  may  be  guided  by  a  sympathy  which  is 
both  intelligent  and  zealous. 

The  needs  of  children  are  almost  as  various 
as  the  children  themselves,  and  we  can  learn 
these  individual  needs  only  by  coming  into 
direct  contact  with  the  children,  and  in  enlisting 
the  aid  of  teacher  and  parent  whose  opportuni- 
ties of  knowing  the  children  individually  are  so 
much  greater  than  ours.  A  knowledge  of 
child-nature  will,  however,  be  of  the  greatest 
assistance  in  enabling  us  to  better  understand 
and  appreciate  these  individual  needs,  and  this 
we  can  partially  gain  by  a  little  attention  to 
what  teachers  are  doing  in  the  line  of  child- 
study.  After  their  minutely  recorded  observa- 
tions— physical,  mental,  and  moral  —  shall  have 
proceeded  sufficiently  far  to  warrant  generaliza- 
tion, the  teacher  will  have  become  even  more 
powerful  an  ally  to  the  librarian  than  at  present. 
We  shall  gain  a  more  appreciative  and  intelli- 
gent sympathy  with  childhood  which  will  enable 
us  to  turn  back  the  pages  of  our  own  lives,  and 
stand  once  more  upon  the  threshold  of  conscious 
life,  surrounded  by  its  mystery  and  its  beauty. 
Among  all  who  come  to  our  libraries  there  is 
none  more  interesting  than  this  little  being  with 
the  infinite  possibilities  before  him,  none  we 
can  help  more,  for  none  are  so  willing  to  be 
helped. 

While  we  can  learn  special  needs  only  through 
knowledge  of  individuals,  there  is  one  general 
need  which  is  common  to  all  children,  whether 
they  are  city  or  country  bred,  rich  or  poor,  of 
foreign  or  American  parentage,  and  that  is  the 
need  of  personal  aid.  This  is  the  key  to  the 
whole  situation,  and  the  degree  to  which  we 
can  supply  it  will  be  the  measure  of  our  suc- 
cess in  helping  the  child.  It  is  the  test  by 
which  every  experiment  iq  work  with  children 


may  be  tried.  To  the  librarian  of  the  small 
town  this  hardly  comes  as  a  problem  ;  she  can 
know  all  her  small  borrowers  and  their  individ- 
ual needs.  Gradually  as  the  town  grows,  and 
the  work  of  the  library  in  proportion,  she  re- 
gretfully realizes  that  this  work  must  of  neces- 
sity pass  into  other  hands.  Then  the  more 
difficult  task  becomes  hers  of  transmitting  her 
own  love  and  enthusiasm  for  this  work  to 
assistants,  and  where  it  is  lacking  in  teachers, 
to  them  also,  and  so  furnishing  by  proxy  the  per- 
sonal contact  which  it  is  no  longer  possible  for 
her  to  supply.  Co-operation  with  schools,  then, 
is  the  result  of  the  librarian's  effort  to  supply 
to  large  numbers  that  personal  contact  which  it 
is  no  longer  practicable  for  the  library  to  give. 

The  librarian's  most  natural  and  effective 
helpers  are  the  teachers,  and  without  their  aid 
the  rapid  advance  made  in  recent  years  in  work 
with  children  would  have  been  impossible. 
How  cordially  the  librarian's  advances  have 
been  met  by  the  teacher  is  shown  by  the  out- 
ward sign  of  the  new  library  section  of  the 
National  Educational  Association.  It  is  true  that 
there  are  still  discouragements,  that  not  all 
teachers  are  willing,  nor  all  able  to  effectively 
co-operate  with  librarians,  nor  are  all  librarians 
able  to  co-operate  with  teachers,  but,  of  course, 
we  think  this  a  rare  instance. 

Perhaps  the  influence  of  the  new  section  will 
be  sufficient  to  place  in  every  normal  school  a 
person  qualified  to  give  instruction  in  methods 
of  using  books  in  the  class-room,  in  the  use  of  bib- 
liographic tools,  with  if  possible  a  little  element- 
ary instruction  in  library  work,  and  who  will  be 
able  to  impart  a  keener  love  and  appreciation 
of  good  literature  and  a  special  knowledge  of 
the  best  juvenile  books.  This  is  already  done 
in  Wisconsin,  whence  comes  so  much  that  is 
good  in  library  methods,  and  New  Jersey's 
normal  school  has  a  librarian  who  does  a  similar 
work,  although  not  on  so  large  a  scale.  The 
advantages  which  would  result  if  such  a  plan 
were  more  extensively  followed  are  obvious. 

The  methods  of  enlisting  the  child's  interest, 


ADAMS. 


29 


and  effecting  a  co-operation  with  schools,  and 
the  degree  to  which  they  are  used,  depend 
largely  upon  the  needs  of  localities,  and  the  im- 
portance with  which  work  with  children  is  re- 
garded by  librarians  in  charge. 

Among  the  most  effective  are,  the  abandon- 
ment of  an  age  restriction  —  the  outcome  of  the 
general  belief  that  this  work  cannot  be  begun 
too  early — the  limitation  of  the  number  of  books 
that  may  be  borrowed  within  a  given  time,  lest 
the  children  read  too  much,  and  the  institution 
of  the  "children's  room."  These  rooms  are 
ordinarily  used  only  as  reading-rooms,  but 
there  is  a  growing  tendency  to  make  them 
serve  also  as  delivery-rooms,  thus  bringing  to- 
gether all  work  with  children,  and  insuring 
personal  oversight  to  a  greater  extent.  Very  at- 
tractive places  are  these,  with  their  pictures 
and  plants,  and  low  wall  cases,  in  which  are 
kept  the  best  of  all  kinds  of  children's  books, 
and  to  all  of  these  the  little  visitors  have  free 
access.  Miniature  tables  and  chairs  graduated 
to  the  size  of  the  small  readers  give  one  the 
impression  on  entering  that  he  is  decidedly 
out  of  proportion  and  uncomfortably  large. 
Buffalo's  well-known  room  provides  even  for 
the  tiniest  with  games,  scrap-books,  dissected 
maps,  etc.  In  the  new  library  at  Providence, 
the  idea  will  be  very  fully  carried  out,  and 
quite  the  happiest  children  will  be  those  for 
whom  Mr.  Foster  has  so  thoughtfully  planned. 
No  better  argument  is  needed  to  convince  one 
that  this  movement  is  in  the  right  direction 
than  a  glance  at  the  statistics  showing  the  use 
of  these  rooms,  and  a  glance,  too,  at  the  happy 
faces  of  those  who  frequent  them.  The  success 
of  such  a  room  necessarily  depends  upon  the 
assistant  to  whom  this  important  work  is  en- 
trusted, who  needs  both  special  fitness  and  spe- 
cial training  for  it. 

It  is  the  universal  practice  to  indicate  by  some 
sign  in  the  catalogs  or  finding  lists  books  that 
are  adapted  to  young  people.  Some  libraries 
go  further  than  this,  and  issue  special  lists  of 
such  books  ;  some  few  annotate  these,  and  if 
this  can  be  done  thoroughly  it  will  add  greatly 
to  their  value,  but  if  not,  such  lists  are  worse 
than  useless,  and  it  is  far  better  to  content  one- 
self with  the  occasional  issue  of  short  lists  of 
best  books  for  boys  and  girls. 

In  work  with  schools  it  is  all  but  universal  to 
issue  special  cards  to  teachers  of  the  public 
schools,  on  which  from  six  to  50  books  may  be 


drawn  at  a  time.  Some  give  this  privilege  to 
private  and  parochial  as  well  as  to  public  school 
teachers.  Where  a  library  is  located  at  a  con- 
siderable distance  from  the  schools,  that  modifi- 
cation of  the  travelling  library  idea,  known  as 
the  "special  library  system,"  can  be  used  with 
excellent  results.  This  puts  it  in  the  power  of 
teacher  or  librarian  to  determine  largely  what 
the  pupils  shall  read,  and  it  is  wonderfully  in- 
teresting and  suggestive  to  see  how  much  used 
are  these  carefully  selected  and  frequently 
changed  books.  This  is  work  which  is  not  yet 
done  to  as  nearly  large  an  extent  as  it  probably 
will  be  in  the  future,  as  it  does  not  necessarily 
call  for  the  large  duplication  of  books,  which 
other  forms  of  work  with  schools  require,  and 
is  therefore  practicable  for  the  medium-sized  as 
well  as  for  the  larger  libraries.  Only  the  very 
large  libraries  can  send  a  sufficient  number  of 
copies  to  enable  an  entire  class  to  read  the  same 
book  at  the  same  time,  although  even  this  is 
not  now  so  expensive  a  system,  since  many  of 
the  books  desired  for  class  reading  are  issued 
at  a  moderate  price,  in  good  type  and  paper, 
and  durable  binding,  by  several  of  the  leading 
publishers.  It  may  be  said  in  passing,  that  it 
is  unfortunate  that  a  more  attractive  exterior  is 
not  given  to  some  of  these,  as  children  are  so 
prone  to  think  the  exterior  of  a  book  a  suf- 
ficient criterion  by  which  to  judge  of  its  con- 
tents. 

In  several  towns  it  is  the  custom  for  whole 
classes  to  visit  the  library,  and  in  company  with 
teacher  or  librarian  examine  books  which  treat 
of  the  subject  being  studied  by  them.  This  is 
done  to  so  large  an  extent  in  some  places  as  to 
demand  a  special  room  or  rooms  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  Worcester  library  we  know  has  a 
class-room  for  each  subject,  and  at  the  new 
library  at  Providence,  by  an  admirable  arrange- 
ment, the  class-room  is  to  be  directly  adjoining 
the  children's  room. 

It  is  the  custom  of  some  librarians  to  visit 
schools  occasionally  and  talk  to  the  pupils  about 
their  reading,  or  invite  letters  from  them,  in 
which  the  pupils  give  some  account  of  books 
they  have  read;  these  letters  are  returned  with 
helpful  suggestions,  and  so  a  friendly  relation 
is  established  between  pupil  and  librarian.  A 
very  good  way  to  become  acquainted  with  teach- 
ers and  to  get  at  their  point  of  view  is  to  attend 
teachers'  meetings  and  explain  the  privileges 
which  the  library  extends  to  them,  and  suggest 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


methods  of  using  books  in  the  class-room.  If 
teachers  and  librarians  could  more  often  meet 
together  for  discussion  of  methods,  doubtless 
we  should  be  better  able  to  devise  methods  more 
in  accordance  with  the  needs  of  the  child^ 

Occasional  lists  on  subjects  in  the  school 
course,  reference  lists  on  holidays,  etc.,  are  of 
great  value,  but  no  printed  list,  however  cor- 
rectly made,  can  take  the  place  of  personal 
relationship. 

The  school  may  be  used  also  as  a  medium 
through  which  to  circulate  pictures  as  well  as 
books  —  picture  scrap-books  for  the  very  little 
ones,  pictures  of  places,  events,  etc.,  as  illus- 
trative of  geography,  history,  and  other  studies, 
photographic  reproductions  of  famous  pictures, 
pieces  of  sculpture  or  notable  buildings  for  art 
classes.  Grown  people  and  children  alike  love 
pictures,  and  this  would  seem  an  excellent  way 
of  reaching  those  whom  it  is  difficult  to  reach 
by  means  of  books. 

One  problem  which  confronts  the  schools 
of  the  larger  towns  and  cities  is,  how  to  in- 
spire its  pupils  with  a  true  patriotism  which 
does  not  exhaust  all  its  energy  in  boast- 
ing of  its  country  on  every  occasion,  but 
does  all  in  its  power  to  serve  that  country, 
not  only  by  a  scorn  of  all  bribery  and  political 
corruption,  but  by  a  willingness  to  do  its  part 
to  make  such  bribery  and  corruption  impos- 
sible. If  political  life  is  anything  like  as 
corrupt  as  we  are  told  by  those  who  ought 
to  know,  this  is  one  of  the  most  important 
responsibilities  which  educators  have  to  face. 
And  here  the  thoughtful  teacher  will  find  in 
the  library  his  greatest  help,  in  the  examples 
in  all  ages,  of  men,  and  women,  too,  who  have 
done  noble  deeds  and  made  great  sacrifices  for 
their  country.  Not  only  history  and  biography, 
but  the  literature  of  poetry  and  romance  maybe 
made  to  do  service  in  bringing  before  the  future 
citizen  stimulating  examples  which  will  arouse 
his  enthusiasm  and  desire  of  emulation.  For 
it  is  a  fallacy  to  suppose  that  the  education  of 
the  mind  alone  can  ever  supply  high  motives, 
or  lofty  purpose,  or  strength  of  will.  It  is  the 
"literature  of  power"  which  the  teacher  must 
call  in  to  his  aid,  and  here  the  librarian  can  be 
of  the  greatest  assistance  to  the  teacher,  both 
by  the  ample  provision  of  such  literature  and 
by  its  timely  suggestion. 

A  close  co-operation  with  the  schools  having 
been  established,  the  librarian  will  find  as  one 
result  that  his  reference  work  will  be  greatly 


increased,  and  the  range  of  questions  which  he 
will  be  asked  by  these  young  searchers  will 
be  almost  limitless,  and  to  supply  the  answers 
to  these  his  ingenuity  and  knowledge  of  books 
will  be  often  taxed  to  the  utmost.  The  special 
qualifications  needed  for  this  work  are  those  of 
the  reference  librarian  and  the  teacher.  The 
librarian  will  not  then  be  satisfied  with  opening 
a  book  at  the  exact  page  containing  the  de- 
sired information,  but  will  strive,  wherever  pos- 
sible, to  tactfully  impart  some  knowledge  of  the 
book  containing  it. 

These  are  some  of  the  ways  that  librarians 
and  teachers  are  co-operating,  and  in  them  all 
we  find  the  librarian  striving  to  supply,  through 
the  medium  of  others,  the  human  touch,  the 
personal  element,  which  we  believe  to  be  the 
greatest  need  of  the  child. 

The  choice  of  books  hardly  belongs  to  my 
subject,  yet  in  passing  I  may  speak  of  the  im- 
portance of  this,  for  in  selecting  books  for 
children  their  needs  must  be  carefully  studied, 
as  upon  the  success  with  which  the  selection 
is  adapted  to  these  needs  will  depend  the 
future  usefulness  and  popularity  of  the  juve- 
nile department.  The  various  published  guides 
can  only  supplement,  they  can  never  take  the 
place  of  a  knowledge  of  children's  books 
acquired  by  one's  own  reading,  and  this  is 
absolutely  necessary  if  we  are  to  make  the 
books  of  their  greatest  service  after  they  are 
on  the  shelves.  If  the  work  of  testing  and 
"evaluating"  children's  books  can  be  sys- 
tematized, and  the  results  made  of  general  bene- 
fit, we  shall  be  able  to  choose  our  juvenile  books 
more  wisely,  and  to  recommend  them  more  in- 
telligently. 

Provision  must  be  made  for  all  classes  and 
sizes  of  children,  for  those  of  the  most  ignorant, 
and  for  the  very  young.  The  needs  of  these 
last  are  but  scantily  met;  unfortunately,  most 
books  suited  to  these  mites  are  considered  un- 
worthy of  a  place  on  our  shelves.  Often,  how- 
ever, these  are  the  children  we  want  most  to 
reach,  and  as  they  leave  school  very  early  the 
time  for  this  is  all  too  short.  If  despised  little 
Dotty  Dimple  can  teach  them  the  enjoyment 
that  may  be  gotten  from  books,  by  all  means 
let  them  follow  her  to  her  grandmother's,  or  out 
West,  or  remain  at  home  with  her,  as  they  choose. 

While  all  departments  of  literature  must  find 
a  place  in  our  juvenile  collection,  we  must  not 
fall  into  the  error  of  thinking  that  children 
are  to  be'educated  every  moment.  We  certainly 


A&AtfS. 


shouldn't  want  that  sort  of  treatment  ourselves, 
and  we  are  not  adding  to  our  experience  at  any- 
thing like  the  rate  at  which  they  are  adding  to 
theirs.  Wholesome  stories  should  be  provided, 
and  by  all  means  an  abundance  of  the  tales  of 
mythology  and  fairy-lore,  which  every  child 
loves.  In  Sully's  charming  "  Studies  of  child- 
hood "  he  speaks  of  the  child  instinct  which  per- 
sonifies inanimate  objects.  Early  in  the  history 
of  the  race  we  know  that  man  did  this  same 
thing,  so  that  when  the  child  hears  these  beau- 
tiful old  tales  they  are  not  to  him  merely  beau- 
tiful stories,  as  to  us,  but  something  which 
comes  within  the  range  of  his  own  beliefs  and 
imagination,  and  we  know  that  his  imaginings 
are  often  more  real  to  him  than  actual  happen- 
ings. So  in  providing  him  with  fairy-lore,  we 
shall  be  giving  him  not  only  the  intense  pleas- 
ure of  losing  himself  in  the  fairy-world,  but  a 
future  pleasure  in  the  recollection  of  the  vivid- 
ness of  his  childish  belief. 

Without  exaggerating  unduly  the  impor- 
tance of  work  with  the  young,  it  is  evident 
that  it  is  not  the  least  important  of  our  func- 
tions, arid  there  are  indications  that  as  in  the 
future  this  becomes  more  widely  recognized, 
provision  more  adequate  to  the  magnitude  of 
the  task  may  be  made.  It  might  be  practicable 
for  the  members  of  the  staff  peculiarly  fitted  for 
this  work  to  be  set  aside  under  a  competent 
head  into  whose  charge  the  entire  responsi- 
bility of  work  with  children  might  be  committed. 
The  duties  of  this  chief  might  include  the  selec- 
tion and  care  of  all  juvenile  books,  and  the  se- 
curing the  co-operation  of  teachers  and  others 
having  charge  of  children.  The  employment 
of  such  a  person  imbued  with  a  sense  of  the 
ends  to  be  attained,  with  tact,  a  love  for  and 
sympathy  with  children,  a  broad  knowledge  and 
love  of  good  literature,  as  well  as  a  special 
knowledge  of  juvenile  literature,  and  having 
the  executive  ability  to  plan  and  carry  on  the 
work,  would  go  far  toward  solving  the  problem 
of  the  greater  libraries  of  how  to  provide  that 
which  all  admit  to  be  of  the  utmost  importance 
—  personal  contact. 

While  schools  are  naturally  the  most  effec- 
tive way  of  providing  the  personal  element, 
there  are  various  other  agencies  through  which 
the  library  can  act.  The  home  library  is  pecul- 
iarly fitted  for  it,  missions,  reading-rooms, 
boys'  and  girls'  clubs,  juvenile  branches  of 
Young  Men's  Christian  Associations,  children's 
hospitals,  industrial  schools,  Sunday-schools, 


as  in  St.  Louis,  and  lastly  there  is  the  much- 
abused  parent.  In  Mr.  Dana's  Cleveland  ad- 
dress he  brought  a  severe  charge  against  this 
very  large  and  very  remiss  part  of  the  commu- 
nity, when  he  said  that  "the  American  parent 
is  indifferent  to  the  character  of  the  education 
of  his  children."  Quite  the  worst  thing*  about 
this  statement  is  that  it  is  perfectly  true,  if  we 
may  judge  by  the  lack  of  interest  the  average 
parent  shows  in  the  reading  of  his  children,  for 
the  lament  does  not  come  from  east  or  west, 
north  or  south,  but  arises  very  impartially  from 
all  parts  of  the  country.  It  is  understood  that 
this  charge  is  made  against  those  only  who 
have  both  opportunity  and  ability  to  guide  the 
reading  of  their  children.  Surely  if  such  par- 
ents would  realize  the  power  for  good,  or  for 
evil,  which  books  have  in  the  formation  of  char- 
acter, would  not  many,  who  now  find  "no 
time  "  to  notice  what  their  children  read,  find 
that  there  are  other  things  which  can  be  more 
safely  passed  by  than  this  ?  There  can  be  no 
one  who  has  the  opportunity  or  the  authority 
of  the  parent  for  controlling  the  child's  reading, 
nor  is  there  any  one  who  can  make  this  tactful 
oversight  and  reading  together  of  books  more 
delightful  to  the  child,  either  in  the  present  or 
in  the  future,  by  its  grateful  and  happy  recollec- 
tion. 

At  the  Lake  Placid  conference  at  the  close 
of  Miss  Steam's  paper  on  "  Reading  for 
the  young"  she  asked,  "  How  can  we  induce 
parents  to  oversee  their  children's  reading  ? " 
But  this  question  has  as  yet  been  unanswered, 
either  because  of  its  being  a  difficult  and  deli- 
cate one,  or  because  of  the  multitude  of  other 
questions  which  claim  the  librarian's  attention. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  in  the  not  far  distant 
future  its  turn  may  come  for  discussion. 

Are  methods  of  work  with  children  as  we 
have  found  them  proportioned  to  the  child's 
needs  ?  In  reviewing  the  many  phases  of  this 
work  we  have  seen  in  them  all  the  librarian 
striving  to  surround  the  child  with  personal  in- 
fluence, and  if  our  theory  be  true,  that  this  is 
the  chief  need  of  the  child,  then  our  efforts  are 
at  least  in  the  right  direction.  And  when  the 
principle  is  more  fully  recognized,  to  quote 
from  a  well-known  worker  with  schools  and 
children,  "that  it  is  of  prime  importance  to 
study  the  needs  and  capabilities  of  the  individu- 
al child,  rather  than  the  child  in  the  mass," 
the  work  will  doubtless  be  conducted  on  a  larger 
scale,  and  one  more  adequate  to  its  importance. 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


THE  FISK  FREE  AND  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  OF  NEW  ORLEANS. 


BY   WILLIAM   BEER,   LIBRARIAN. 


*"pHE  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library  of  New 
•*•  Orleans,  which  exists  by  virtue  of  an  ordi- 
nance of  the  city,  dated  April  15,  1896,  was 
formed  from  two  collections  of  books  which 
had  been  the  property  of  the  city  since  1845  and 
1847  respectively.  The  earlier  in  point  of  date 
has  been  known  by  a  great  many  names.  It 
had  its  origin  as  the  Public  School  Library  of 
Municipality  No.  2,  which  received  the  official 
recognition  of  the  city  by  ordinance  of  Decem- 
ber 3,  1844.  Private  donations  and  collections 
from  the  scholars  were  the  sources  from  which 
additions  to  the  library  were  made.  It  made 
such  progress  that  in  1848  the  library  had  in- 
creased from  340010  7516  volumes.  In  1849  the 
collection  was  transferred  to  the  spacious  room 
on  the  first  floor  of  the  city  hall,  which  it  occupied 
until  its  removal  in  1897.  Up  to  1853  there  had 
been  504  life  members  and  23  annual  subscrib- 
ers. In  1859  were  consolidated  with  this  libra- 
ry those  of  the  ist,  3d,  and  4th  school  districts; 
the  title  was  changed  to  that  of  the  Lyceum  and 
Library  Society;  the  feature  of  occasional  lect- 
ures justified  the  addition  to  the  name.  At 
this  time  there  were  necessary  a  librarian  and 
assistant  librarian;  the  latter  was  dropped  from 
1873.  In  1897  the  collection  consisted  of  about 
16,000  volumes. 

The  Fisk  Library  was  the  gift  of  two  broth- 
ers, Abijah  and  Alvarez  Fisk.  The  former,  by 
will  dated  1843,  gave  the  city  of  New  Orleans 
his  house  on  the  corner  of  Customhouse  and 
Bourbon  streets,  to  be  applied  to  the  keeping  of 
a  library  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  citizens  of 
said  city.  Mr.  Alvarez  Fisk,  in  1847,  purchased 
from  Mr.  B.  F.  French,  the  author  of  the  "  His- 
torical collection  of  Louisiana,"  an  extensive 
private  library,  which  he  presented  to  the  city, 
in  order  that  use  might  be  made  of  his  brother's 
legacy.  The  library  in  question  comprised 
6000  volumes,  relating  principally  to  history, 
commerce,  and  biography.  On  the  petition  of 
the  members  of  the  Mechanics'  Society  the  Fisk 
Library,  which  up  to  1853  had  remained  inrthe 
building  donated  by  Mr.  Fisk,  was  transferred 
to  the  building  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  to 


be  held  and  used  by  said  society  for  the  same 
uses  and  trusts  under  which  the  building  and 
library  were  held  by  the  city  of  New  Orleans. 
Little  progress  was  made  by  the  library  during 
its  possession  by  the  Mechanics'  Society,  which 
was  dissolved  in  the  year  1882.  The  library  was 
then  placed  in  the  custody  of  the  University  of 
Louisiana.  When  that  university,  with  its  fran- 
chise, was  ceded  by  the  state  to  the  Tulane 
University,  the  library  entered  upon  an  era  of 
prosperity  and  usefulness.  The  magnificent 
donation  of  Paul  Tulane  brought  into  action  ed- 
ucational forces  which  attracted  a  large  number 
of  the  intellectual  youth  of  the  state,  to  whom 
the  Fisk  Library  for  many  years  supplied  the 
need  of  a  university  library.  Owing  to  the 
kindness  of  Prof.  Ordway,  the  students  were 
allowed  the  use  of  his  magnificent  scientific  li- 
brary, consequently  the  growth  of  the  Fisk 
Library  in  this  later  period  was  in  the  direction  of 
English  history  and  literature.  Between  the 
years  1884  and  1895  there  was  expended  from 
the  Fisk  Library  the  sum  of  $8500  for  books, 
periodicals,  and  magazines. 

The  first  official  action  to  the  end  of  estab- 
lishing the  present  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library 
was  the  message  of  the  mayor  of  New  Orleans 
of  January  9,  1896,  recommending  that  the 
building  formerly  occupied  by  the  Criminal 
District  Court  be  devoted  to  the  use  of  a  public 
library.  This  was  adopted  by  the  council  on 
January  29  of  the  same  year.  On  April  15, 
1896,  an  ordinance  establishing  a  public  library 
was  adopted.  Among  other  clauses  it  stated 
that  the  management  of  said  Fisk  Free  and 
Public  Library  shall  be  in  the  charge  of  a  board 
of  directors,  who  shall  be  appointed  by  the 
mayor,  and  be  styled  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Fisk  Free  and  Public  Library  of  the  city  of 
New  Orleans.  The  said  board  shall  be  com- 
posed of  seven  directors,  together  with  the 
mayor  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans,  who  shall  be 
ex-ojpcio  chairman  of  the  said  board  of  directors. 
That  the  mayors  of  the  city  of  New  Orleans 
upon  the  expiration  of  their  office  shall  not 
vacate  the  office  of  director  of  said  Fisk  Free 


BEER. 


33 


and  Public  Library,  but  shall  continue  life 
directors  of  same,  and  in  this  manner  and  in 
no  other  shall  said  board  of  directors  be  in- 
creased. The  said  board  of  directors  shall 
have  authority  to  fill  vacancies  arising  in  said 
board,  from  death,  resignation,  or  otherwise, 
and  shall  adopt  all  rules  for  the  government  of 
said  library,  subject,  however,  to  the  approval 
of  the  mayor.  On  the  2ist  of  April,  1896,  the 
mayor  named  a  board  of  directors,  in  which 
the  financial  and  commercial  interests  of  the 
city  were  well  represented.  Mr.  Frank  T. 
Howard,  to  whose  care  the  city  of  New  Orleans 
had  already  been  indebted  for  the  development 
of  the  Howard  Memorial  Library,  was  chosen 
president,  and  Mr.  Ernest  Kruttschnitt,  presi- 
dent of  the  school  board,  was  elected  vice-presi- 
dent. From  this  board  were  named  executive 
and  library  committees,  who  work  with  great 
zeal. 

The  building  in  which,  by  a  happy  accident, 
the  Public  Library  has  found  a  home,  is  singu- 
larly well  situated.  It  is  about  five  blocks  from 
Canal  street,  the  principal  business  street  of  the 
city,  and  the  dividing  line  between  the  French 
and  American  quarters.  The  extension  of  the 
city  southward  makes  this  a  very  central  posi- 
tion. In  the  near  future  branch  libraries  will 
accommodate  the  demand  of  the  inhabitants 
of  the  outskirts.  The  building  may  be  said  to 
consist  of  three  stories,  of  which  that  on  the 
ground  floor  is  divided  into  large  rooms.  The 
rental  from  these  will,  unless  they  are  occupied 
for  library  purposes,  be  a  source  of  considerable 
revenue.  The  two  upper  stories  have  been 
thrown  into  one.  The  ascent  of  two  flights  of 
broad  stairs  brings  the  visitor  to  the  entrance, 
which  faces  a  broad  gallery  rising  in  the  centre 
of  the  hall.  The  library-room  is  185  x  85,  and 
over  40  feet  high.  On  the  north  side  are  two 
tiers  of  large  windows.  On  the  other  three 
sides  the  windows  are  all  on  the  upper  story, 
the  result  is  light  and  air,  a  provision  un- 
equalled in  any  library.  Fourteen  feet  from  the 
floor  there  runs  around  three  sides  of  the  room 
a  gallery  20  feet  broad,  giving  an  opportunity 
for  the  erection  of  numerous  small  special  read- 
ing-rooms. The  delivery-desk  is  about  20  feet 
from  the  entrance. 

The  eastern  half  of  the  library  is,devoted  to 
the  storage  of  books;  the  double  book  shelves 
stand  five  rows  of  10  each,  three  feet  six  inches 
apart,  and  divided  by  alleys  of  two  feet  six 


inches;  the  unit  of  shelving  is  a  double  book- 
case 10  feet  long  and  seven  feet  high,  divided 
into  three  spaces,  and  having  seven  or  eight 
shelves,  according  to  the  dimensions  of  the 
books.  The  shelves  are  grooved  and  slide  on 
the  iron  supports  suggested  by  Mr.  Baker,  of 
Columbia  University.  Good  ventilation  is  se- 
cured by  having  the  ends  constructed  of  two 
pieces,  n^  inches  wide;  thisshelving,  of  cypress, 
oil  finished,  cost  $20.70  per  unit.  The  arrange- 
ment of  books  has  been  to  suit  as  much  as 
possible  the  location  of  the  delivery -desk. 
The  row  of  10  stacks  near  the  desk  is  devoted 
to  fiction,  having  American  fiction  on  the  front 
shelf  ;  the  second  row  begins  with  American 
history,  and  runs  back  to  German  literature; 
the  next  row  of  stack  contains  literature  to 
philosophy.  The  front  stack  of  the  fourth  row 
is  used  for  storing  the  accumulating  current 
periodicals  ;  behind  this  are  the  bound  periodi- 
cals in  alphabetical  order;  the  fifth  row  contains 
the  public  documents,  Congressional  Record, 
and  publications  of  the  bureaus.  The  lighting 
of  the  shelving  occupied  by  fiction  is  by  means 
of  one  i6-candle  light,  with  a  good  glass  circular 
reflector.  The  40  other  stacks  of  shelving  are 
provided  with  portable  hanging  lights,  protected 
by  wire  and  furnished  with  reflectors;  these  are 
attached  to  conductors  10  feet  long,  which  roll 
up  on  differential  pulleys.  Facing  the  delivery- 
desk  are  long  narrow  tables,  on  which  are  placed 
catalogs  and  call-slips. 

The  western  half  of  the  room  is  devoted 
to  the  reference-desk,  periodicals,  and  news- 
papers. The  reference-desk,  15  feet  long, 
contains  on  each  side  three  rows  of  books,  in- 
cluding the  valuable  dictionaries  and  encyclo- 
paedias, also  reports  of  the  last  census  and 
the  latest  bound  volumes  of  the  Congresssonal 
Record.  There  are  14  tables,  6x3  feet, -each 
supplied  with  two  electric  lights  with  green 
shades,  16  inches  from  the  tables,  so  that  the 
light  does  not  fall  outside  the  edge  of  the  tables. 
The  newspapers  are  arranged  on  10  racks,  six 
feet  high  and  10  feet  long,  with  double,  sloping, 
sides.  On  each  there  are  six  papers  and  four 
lights.  The  periodicals  stand  in  upright  racks 
placed  against  the  wall  of  the  western  end  of 
.the  room.  They  are  mostly  in  covers,  on  which 
have  been  pasted  one  of  the  original  covers  of 
the  magazines  published.  Comfortable  chairs 
provided  at  the  tables,  and  stools  at  the  news- 
paper racks  accommodate  about  200  readers. 


34 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


The  present  composition  of  the  library  is  ap- 
proximately as  follows: 

Bound  periodicals,  dictionaries, 

and  encyclopaedias        .         .  3250 

Philosophy           .         .         .  800 

Theology          ....  1500 

Sociology  and  public  documents  9500 

Philology          ....  100 

Natural  sciences         .        .  500 

Useful  arts       ....  500 

Fine  arts     ....  TOO 

Literature         ....  3500 

Fiction          ....  35OO 

History.            ....  5500 


Total  ....          28750 

Of  the  800  public  documents  about  one-half 
are  duplicates.  The  books  of  the  Lyceum  or 
City  Library  were  mostly  published  before  1850. 
A  few  books  of  fiction  that  have  been  added 
since  are  worn  out,  and  will  have  to  be  rejected. 
The  Fisk  Library,  as  has  been  mentioned,  has 
made  considerable  purchases  within  the  last  12 
years,  but  these  include  few  or  no  books  of 
science;  in  fact,  in  the  classes  of  sciences,  useful 
and  fine  arts,  the  field  is  almost  clear  for  the 
formation  of  a  library  fit  to  meet  the  demand  for 
useful  modern  books.  The  Lyceum  Library  was 
classified  on  the  Dewey  system,  and  needed  lit- 
tle if  any  alteration.  The  Lyceum  has  no  ac- 
cession-book ;  it  was  therefore  resolved  to  ac- 
cept the  Fisk  numbers,  and  newly  accession  all 
the  Lyceum  books.  This,  of  course,  involved 
considerable  time  and  labor,  especially  since  the 
assistants  of  the  new  library  were  without  ex- 
perience. 

It  was  desirable  to  interest  the  public  as 
soon  as  possible.  Therefore  the  periodical 
reading-room  was  opened  on  the  i8th  of  Jan- 
uary, 1897,  with  periodicals  classified  as  fol- 
lows: daily  newspapers,  six  local,  20  representa- 
tive of  the  great  centres  of  the  United  States, 
and  four  European;  in  addition  to  these  were 
175  weeklies  and  monthlies,  covering  the  gen- 
eral field  of  literature,  science,  and  art.  200 
persons  a  day  have  availed  themselves  of  the 
information  provided  in  the  reading-room.  On 
March  15  there  was  ready  a  finding-list  of  about 
2800  books  of  fiction,  all  of  which  had  been 
newly  accessioned  and  labelled.  The  circula- 


tion, which  began  on  that  date,  has  rapidly 
risen  to  an  average  of  180  daily. 

The  situation  of  the  Howard  Memorial  Li- 
brary within  five  blocks  relieves  the  Public 
Library  of  the  necessity  of  duplicating  the  large 
number  of  valuable  reference-books  which  exist 
in  that  collection.  After  a  time  the  catalog 
cards  of  the  Howard  Memorial  which  refer  to 
books  duplicated  in  the  Public  Library  will 
have  the  sign  Howard  Memorial  Library  placed 
against  every  book  which  is  in  both  libraries, 
so  that  the  reader  who  desires  a  book  in  the 
Public  Library  will  be  able,  when  it  is  in  circu- 
lation, to  find  it  with  certainty  in  the  Howard 
Memorial  Library.  The  fact  that  the  president 
of  the  Public  Library  is  the  secretary  of  the 
Howard  Memorial  Library  is  an  assurance  that 
there  will  be  no  wasteful  competition  between 
the  two  institutions. 

The  circulation  of  the  fiction  before  that  of 
the  more  serious  branches  of  literature  gives 
satisfaction  to  the  greatest  number  of  readers 
and  allows  the  staff  to  become  gradually  ac- 
customed to  the  charging  system  and  Dewey 
classification.  It  also  gives  time  for  the  prep- 
aration of  the  Lyceum  books  for  circulation  and 
for  the  large  accessions  necessary  to  bring  up 
the  entire  collection  to  the  necessities  of  the 
day. 

By  the  first  of  October  it  is  hoped  that  the  en- 
tire library  will  be  in  shape  for  circulation,  with 
a  classified  catalog  of  24,000  books. 

In  the  month  of  December,  by  which  time  the 
library  will  have  proved  its  usefulness  to  every 
member  of  the  community,  the  budget  of  the 
city  will  be  prepared.  The  library  will  then 
submit  its  claim  for  support  in  the  same  propor- 
tion to  the  wealth  and  condition  of  finances  of 
the  city  as  in  other  American  cities.  Should 
the  council  find  it  possible  to  afford  an  annual 
appropriation  of  $25,000,  immediate  steps  will 
be  taken  to  enlarge  trie  scope  of  the  work  of  the 
library.  Branches  will  be  established  in  the 
more  distant  districts,  and  sufficient  books  will 
be  added  to  ensure  constant  co-operation  with 
the  schools,  many  of  which  have  already  pro- 
vided themselves  with  respectable  collections 
of  books.  To  these  the  monthly  supply  of  50 
circulating  books  from  the  Public  Library  will 
be  of  great  service. 


TEGGART. 


35 


ON   THE   LITERATURE   OF   LIBRARY   HISTORY. 

BY   FREDERICK  J.    TEGGART,   ASSISTANT   LIBRARIAN  LELAND  STANFORD  JR.    UNIVERSITY. 


TT  speaks  well  for  the  modesty  of  librarians, 
as  a  class,  that  living  in  a  chronic  state  of 
temptation,  they  seldom  either  make  books 
themselves,  or  read  those  produced  by  others  ; 
and  that  the  accessions  to  their  private  collec- 
tions are  mostly  confined  to  certain  volumes 
which  have  been  supplied  by  the  liberality  of 
the  Bureau  of  Education  and  the  periodical 
publications  presented  gratuitously  by  second- 
hand booksellers. 

Some  reason  for  the  inadequate  literary  treat- 
ment which  libraries  have  received  is  undoubt- 
edly to  be  found  in  the  peculiar  nature  of  the 
subject,  which  does  not  yield  readily  to  a  flow- 
ing style.  Being  rooted  to  a  definite  spot, 
there  is  no  going  forth  of  the  library  to  seek 
adventure  —  and  of  the  librarian  but  once  a 
year. 

As  a  rule,  librarians  with  an  overmastering 
desire  to  write,  have  shirked  the  difficulty  of 
making  a  table  of  statistics  readable  by  limiting 
the  figures  to  the  known  or  imagined  growth  of 
a  particular  institution,  the  more  timorous  con- 
fining their  efforts  to  the  preparation  of  an 
improved  system  for  the  classification  of  human 
knowledge  as  displayed  in  books.  I  might  say 
that  the  most  extensive  and  readable  literature 
is  always  devoted  to  the  history  of  libraries 
which  may  never  have  existed  —  save  in  the 
histories  —  as  for  example  that  of  Osymandyas. 

Not  long  since  I  made  acquaintance  with  the 
work  of  "A  Gentleman  of  the  Temple,"  who 
in  the  early  part  of  thfe  i8th  century  produced 
a  work  entitled  "A  critical  and  historical  ac- 
count of  all  the  celebrated  libraries  in  foreign 
countries,  as  well  ancient  as  modern"  (London, 
I739)'  The  author,  in  his  preface,  states  that 
"  this  is,  perhaps,  the  first  essay  on  the  subject 
in  our  language";  and  further  affirms  that  "no 
species  of  history  furnishes  us  with  such  a  va- 
riety of  instructive  and  delightful  incidents  as 
that  of  books  and  libraries,  which  some  of  the 
renowned  princes  and  sages  of  antiquity  valued 
at  a  higher  rate  than  any  of  their  other  pos- 
sessions." 

Much  of  the  interest  of  this  little  volume 
attaches  to  the  scientific  method  of  HS  author. 


Singularly  enough  his  best  accounts  are  of 
libraries  which  all  subsequent  writers  have 
entirely  neglected  to  mention.  It  must  be  also 
acknowledged  that  the  nearer  home  he  comes 
the  less  detailed  becomes  his  information.  Of 
the  200  pages  of  this  "  first  essay,"  100  are  de- 
voted to  the  libraries  of  antiquity:  "Hebrew, 
Chaldean,  Egyptian,"  etc.;  in  70  more  the  au- 
thor treats  "critically  and  historically"  the 
European  libraries  of  his  own  day,  and  lapses 
back  in  the  concluding  30  pages  to  China  and 
Ethiopia. 

An  example  of  his  treatment  might  be  of  in- 
terest. He  thus  describes  the  libraries  of  the 
Netherlands: 

"  The  Jesuits  Library  at  Antwerp,  and  that 
of  the  Franciscan  monks,  are  very  curious." 

"  The  monks  of  St.  Peter  have  a  library  at 
Ghent,  as  have  also  the  Dominicans  and  the 
Carmelites." 

"  There  is  a  library  at  a  monastery  between 
Dunkirk  and  Newport  which  is  said  to  be  very 
famous  for  its  great  number  of  manuscripts," 
etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

As  I  have  hinted,  distance  in  time  and  space 
are  rather  an  advantage  to  him,  as  may  be  in- 
ferred from  the  opening  account  "of  the  Ethio- 
pian libraries": 

"  But  all  this  [which  has  gone  before]  is  very 
inconsiderable  when  it  is  placed  in  opposition 
to  the  Library  which  is  reported  to  be  deposited 
in  the  Monastery  of  the  Holy  Cross  upon  Mount 
Amara  in  Ethiopia. 

"  History  informs  us  that  Anthony  Brieus 
and  Lawrence  of  Cremona,  were  sent  by  Greg- 
ory XIII.  into  that  Kingdom,  to  see  that  famous 
Collection,  which  is  divided  into  three  Parts, 
containing  together  ten  Millions  and  an  hundred 
Thousand  Volumes,  all  wrote  upon  fine  Parch- 
ment, and  kept  in  silk  Cases.  We  are  told 
besides,  that  it  owes  its  Original  to  the  Queen 
of  Sheba,  who  visited  Solomon,  from  whom  she 
received  a  Present  of  a  great  many  Books,  par- 
ticularly those  of  Enoch  upon  the  Elements, 
and  other  Philosophical  Subjects,  with  those  of 
Noah,  upon  Mathematical  Topicks  and  sacred 
Rites,  and  those  which  Abraham  composed  in, 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


the  Valley  of  Memra,  where  he  taught  Phi- 
losophy to  those  who  assisted  him  in  conquer- 
ing the  Five  Kings  who  had  taken  his  Nephew 
Lot  Prisoner,  and  likewise  those  of  Job  and 
others,  which  some  assure  us,  are  to  be  seen  in 
that  Library  with  the  Books  of  Esdras,  the 
Sybils,  the  Prophets,  and  the  High  Priests  of 
the  Jews  besides  such  as  are  supposed  to  have 
been  wrote  by  that  Queen  and  her  Son  Memi- 
lech." 

The  interest  of  this  performance  of  "A  Gen- 
tleman of  the  Temple  "  is  not  appreciably  di- 
minished, when  we  discover  that  the  author  was 
inspired  to  write  in  English  a  work  on  the  same 
subject,  and  couched  in  terms  identical  with  one 
written  in  French  60  years  before  him,  by  Le 
Sieur  Le  Gallois.  So  close  is  the  translation, 
that  were  it  not  for  the  credit  of  "  this  first  es- 
say "on  the  history  of  libraries  in  the  English 
language  it  would  be  necessary  to  dub  the  book 
as  having  been  "borrowed." 

This  story,  however,  does  not  end  here,  for 
if  the  "  Gentleman"  who  translated  LeGallois's 
book  into  English  did  not  intimate  the  possibili- 
ty of  there  being  any  origin  for  his  work  other 
than  his  own  imagination,  he  was  surpassed  in 
frankness  by  Le  Gallois  himself. 

In  his  preface  the  noble  Frenchman  avers  that 
he  has  been  aided  in  the  preparation  of  the 
contents  by  certain  persons  and  publications  ; 
"but,"  he  continues,  "it  cannot  concern  you, 
my  dear  reader,  whence  I  have  taken  the  con- 
tents of  this  book." 

Piqued  by  this  want  of  due  respect  for  the 
citation  of  "  authorities,"  I  set  about  discover- 
ing the  "  quelques  Memoires  "  in  question.  The 
source  of  Le  Gallois's  information  was,  in  fact, 
the  Latin  work  of  Johannes  Lomeier,  "  On  li- 
braries," published  at  Zutphen  in  1669  —  a  very 
monument  of  misdirected  energy  and  want  of 
discrimination,  but  of  so  fascinating  a  character 
as  to  be  honored  with  three  French  editions  in  a 
few  years;  and  as  I  have  stated,  the  compliment 
of  another  gentleman,  even  though  not  a  poet, 
finding  in  it  "  his  own." 

Lomeier's  book  is  one  of  a  singular  group  of 
works  on  library  history,  collected  and  published 
by  Joachim  Joannes  Mader,  and  re-edited  in 
three  volumes  between  1702  and  1705  by  a  priest 
named  Schmidt.  These  volumes  represent  the 
starting-point  of  library  science  in  modern  times. 
I  say  modern,  for  the  literature  of  library  his- 
tory in  ancient  Greece  and  Rome  was  not  in- 


significant, as  the  titles  of  the  works  of  Artemon 
of  Cassandra,  Herennios  Philon,  Telephos  of 
Pergamon,  andM.  Terentius  Varro  bear  ample 
witness,  and  we  are  looking  forward  with  ex- 
pectancy to  the  translation  of  the  bibliographic 
treasures  of  Tello  and  Nippur  ! 

Of  no  other  subject,  probably,  than  "  library 
history  "  is  it  true  that  no  history  of  it  has  been 
written  in  the  German  language.  Not  that 
Germans  are  not  interested  in  libraries,  or  in 
writing  about  them,  since  they  have  published 
a  new  manual  of  library  economy  on  an  average 
every  three  years  for  the  last  three-quarters  of 
a  century.  But  as  regards  library  history, 
they  seem  not  yet  to  have  emerged  from  the 
monographic  period,  as  the  30  publications  on 
the  library  of  Alexandria  alone  attest. 

To  the  present  moment  the  only  work  in  gen- 
eral library  history  worthy  of  consideration  is 
Edvvards's  "Memoirs  of  libraries,"  published 
in  London,  1859,  in  two  volumes,  which  to- 
gether contain  2010  octavo  pages. 

The  "  Memoirs"  is  a  noble  monument  of  dis- 
interested zeal  ;  and  while  the  lack  of  perspec- 
tive has  been  criticised,  which  devotes  isopages 
of  the  first  volume  to  printing  some  early  cata- 
logs in  extenso,  I  would  hesitate  to  deny  the 
value  of  these  pages  as  they  stand,  though  I 
seem  to  hear  distant  murmurs  as  of  a  pub- 
lisher's anathemas  still  lingering  about  them. 

Four  hundred  pages  treating  of  "the  libra- 
ries of  the  ancients"  and  of  "the  Middle 
Ages  "  brings  the  work  down  to  "  the  modern 
libraries  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,"  under 
which  head  120  pages  are  devoted  to  the  Li- 
brary of  the  British  Museum.  In  the  second 
volume  the  discussion  of  the  British  libraries  is 
concluded,  the  600  pages  devoted  to  this  sub- 
ject bringing  it  down  so  as  to  include  a  con- 
sideration of  the  acts  of  1850  and  1855,  and  a 
brief  account  of  the  libraries  established  under 
them.  "The  libraries  of  the  United  States  of 
America"  are  appreciatively  treated  in  80 
pages.  If  this  appears  a  small  number,  re- 
member that  it  was  written  over  35  years 
ago.  Subsequently  the  libraries  of  each  of  the 
countries  of  Europe  receive  consideration. 
Notes  in  the  eighth  and  ninth  volumes  of  the 
Library  Journal  announced  that  a  new  edition 
of  the  "Memoirs"  was  under  way,  and  its 
publication  expected  in  1884.  But  in  1886, 
when  the  author  died,  it  had  not  appeared. 
For  such  a  store-house  we  are  all  under  a 


TEGGART. 


37 


debt  of  lasting  gratitude  to  the  indefatigable 
but  somewhat  ill-starred  author.  Among  half  a 
dozen  other  works  which  Edwards  published  on 
libraries,  perhaps  his  "Free  town  libraries" 
only  need  be  mentioned.  It  remains  the  first  as 
well  as  the  only  attempt  to  treat  connectedly  of 
the  "formation,  management,  and  history"  of 
what  we  usually  term  "public  libraries,"  in 
Britain,  France,  Germany,  and  America.  (Lond., 
1869.) 

Of  the  libraries  of  the  United  States,  the 
earliest  account  appeared  in  the  Serapeum 
(Leipzig)  in  1845-46.  The  seven  articles  which 
appeared  under  the  title  "  Bibliographie  und 
Bibliotheken  in  den  Vereinigtenstaaten  von 
Nord-Amerika  "  were  contributed  by  H.  Lude- 
wig,  of  New  York. 

In  1849  tne  British  House  of  Commons  ap- 
pointed a  commission  to  make  inquiries  con- 
cerning public  libraries.  In  the  course  of  its 
investigation  the  commission  requested  infor- 
mation from  foreign  governments  concerning 
the  public  libraries  in  their  dominions.  To  this 
request  answers  were  readily  sent  in  except  by 
the  United  States,  the  Secretary  of  State  reply- 
ing, under  date  of  July  18,  1850,  "That,  with 
every  disposition  to  do  so,  the  Department  finds 
that  it  has  no  means  of  gratifying  the  wishes  of 
Her  Majesty's  government  in  this  respect." 

The  editors  of  the  Libraries  Report  of  1876 
draw  the  inference  from  this  statement  (p.  759) 
"that  one  of  the  reasons  of  the  attempt  to 
gather  the  statistics  of  public  libraries  in  the 
United  States  census  of  1850  was  the  discovery 
of  our  inability  to  answer  the  inquiry."  By 
these  comments  one's  curiosity  is  considerably 
aroused,  for  on  Jan.  i,  1850,  Chas.  C.  Jewett, 
librarian  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  had  re- 
ported to  the  secretary  of  the  Institution  his 
"  Notices  of  public  libraries  in  America,"  which 
contains  exactly  the  information  the  English 
government  desired  to  obtain.  Morover,  for 
some  unassigned  reason  the  printing  of  this  re- 
port of  Jewett's  was  held  over  for  a  year,  the 
title-page  bearing  the  date  1851. 

Such  items  furnish  food  for  speculations  into 
which  I  will  not  enter. 

Jewett  explains  his  object  in  preparing  the 
"  Notices  "  as  follows  :  "  Of  these  [public]  li- 
braries I  have  endeavored  to  collect  such  his- 
torical, statistical,  and  descriptive  notices  as 
would  be  of  general  interest;  together  with 
such  special  details  as  would  be  beneficial  to 


those  who  are  engaged  in  the  organization  and 
care  of  similar  establishments  "  (p.  4). 

To  accomplish  the  end  in  view  a  circular 
letter  was  sent  out,  and  in  addition  to  the  in- 
formation derived  from  the  answers  received, 
quotations  were  given  from  local  histories, 
newspapers,  and  other  similar  sources. 

The  only  query  in  the  circular  which  perhaps 
would  not  be  quite  familiar  to  us  is,  "  Have 
the  books  been  injured  at  any  time  by  insects  ?  " 
Those  insects  seem  to  have  had  a  happy  exist- 
ence in  the  early  days  of  the  century.  One  bold 
librarian,  whose  library  was  open  "every  day 
from  4  p.m.  till  9,"  and  to  whose  library  "  eight 
or  ten"  persons  "resorted  daily,"  states  that 
the  books  may  be  saved  from  insects  "  by  tak- 
ing them  out  every  week  or  two  and  striking 
the  backs  together,  also  by  clippings  of  Russia 
leather  scattered  about  on  the  shelves." 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  continued  for 
some  years  to  accumulate  material  in  emenda- 
tion and  extension  of  Jewett's  report.  When, 
however,  this  new  material  was  prepared  by 
W.  J.  Rhees  and  "presented  to  the  secretary 
of  the  Institution,  he  found  it  so  extended  with 
matter  not  within  the  original  design,  that  he 
did  not  think  himself  authorized  to  adopt  it  as 
a  Smithsonian  report  on  libraries."  Conse- 
quently the  Institution  issued  in  1859  a  report 
of  84  pages,  coming  within  the  required  scope, 
and  Lippincott  in  the  same  year  published  for 
Rhees  a  volume  of  715  pages,  entitled  "  Manual 
of  public  libraries,  institutions,  and  societies  in 
the  United  States  and  British  Provinces  of 
North  America." 

Statistics  of  libraries  have  been  included  in 
the  census  reports  since  1850,  but  as  remarked 
by  Gen.  Walker  in  1872,  "  the  statistics  of  libra- 
ries have  never  been  very  creditable  to  the 
United  States." 

Since  the  establishment  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
of  Education  the  subject  of  libraries  has  re- 
ceived ever-increasing  consideration  as  being 
a  branch  of  the  educational  system  of  the 
country.  Thus  the  two  pages  of  statistics  on 
libraries  contained  in  the  annual  report  for 
1869  had  grown  in  1893  to  a  separate  volume  of 
226  pages. 

Statistics  were  contained  also  in  the  special 
report  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Education  in 
1876  on  "The  public  libraries  of  the  United 
States  of  America  :  their  history,  condition,  and 
management."  This  report  was  the  first  co- 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


operative  effort  of  the  libraries  of  this  country, 
and  was  edited  by  Samuel  R.  Warren  and 
MajorS.  H.  Clark,  who  were  appointed  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Education.  About  two-thirds 
of  its  1200  pages  are  taken  up  with  historical, 
descriptive,  and  statistical  matter,  the  remainder 
with  papers  on  library  economy. 

The  Library  Journal  \ia.$  for  the  most  part  ab- 
sorbed all  the  energy  of  those  librarians  who 
during  the  last  20  years  have  felt  inclined  to 
compose  literary-wise  on  professional  themes. 

Professor  Justin  Winsor  seems  to  have  been 
one  who,  at  a  time,  had  dreams  of  being  the 
historian  of  American  libraries.  At  a  time 
when  no  reliable  information  was  available,  he 
collected  statistics  of  libraries  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  published  them  as  an  ap- 
pendix to  the  I7th  annual  report  (1869)  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library.  A  decade  later  he  made 
a  readable  contribution  to  the  subject  in  a  series 
of  articles  which  were  published  in  the  Literary 
World  (1879-80).  Without  laying  too  much 
emphasis  on  the  comparison,  our  compatriot 
seems  to  have  made  about  the  same  discovery  as 
his  predecessor — of  whom  I  have  made  mention 
—  that  it  is  easier  to  write  the  history  of  libraries 
in  pre-library  days  than  afterwards.  In  this 
case  the  author  leads  off  strongly  with  "  The 
beginnings  of  our  public  library  system:  1672- 
1838,"  hovers  over  M.  Vattemare  for-  a  couple 
of  papers,  and  ultimately  sinks  out  of  sight  with 
"  Bookbuying  30  years  ago." 

The  two  opening  chapters  in  Fletcher's  "  Pub- 
lic libraries  in  America  "  are  a  valuable  histori- 
cal contribution,  although  brief. 

Much  has  been  said  from  time  to  time  before 
the  conferences  as  to  the  need  and  value  of  a 
library  handbook,  which  would  embody  the 


bibliothecal  wisdom  of  our  day.  Doubtless  such 
a  work  would  be  appreciated,  but  it  is  evident 
that  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of  its  production 
have  been  too  great. 

There  is,  however,  another  means  by  which 
the  men  who  20  years  ago  founded  this  Asso- 
ciation, and  have  since  been  its  stay  and  sup- 
port, could  additionally  inspire  and  stimulate 
the  younger  generation  upon  whom  in  time  their 
mantle  must  fall,  and  that  is  by  recording  the 
library  history  of  their  own  time. 

It  is  not  a  means  which  would  entail  upon  any 
single  person  too  great  an  amount  of  labor,  yet 
it  is  one  which  would  preserve  its  stimulus  and 
value  to  every  generation  of  librarians  yet  to 
come. 

What  would  not  the  world  at  large  give  for 
the  personal  recollections  or  memoirs  of  the 
men  to  whose  inspiration  was  due  the  building 
of  the  great  cathedrals  and  the  great  universi- 
ties of  Europe  ? 

And  yet  the  democratization  of  the  libraries 
of  our  country  within  the  20  years  just  passed  is 
in  every  sense  as  important  an  event  in  the  his- 
tory of  our  race  as  those  other  more  ancient 
foundations.  As  important,  too,  in  the  devel- 
opment of  republican  ideals  as  they  were  per- 
manent factors  in  religion  and  education. 

The  men  to  whom  we,  the  younger  generation 
of  librarians,  look  up,  are  great  men  of  our  day, 
and  it  will  be  infinitely  deplored  in  the  time  to 
come  if  we  do  not,  by  every  form  of  induce- 
ment which  can  be  brought  to  bear,  prevail  upon 
them  to  give  to  us  an  account  of  the  personal 
aspirations,  experiences,  recollections,  of  the 
men  to  whom  is  due  the  foundation  and  estab- 
lishment of  the  American  Library  Association 
and  its  work. 


POTTER. 


39 


THE    SELECTION    OF    BOOKS    FOR   COLLEGE    LIBRARIES. 

BY   ALFRED   C.    POTTER,    ORDERING   DEPARTMENT   HARVARD   COLLEGE  LIBRARY. 


"C^OR  the  purposes  of  the  present  discussion 
it  is  not  necessary  to  differentiate  the  col- 
lege and  the  university  library.  Both  may  be 
considered  as  essential  parts  of  institutions  of 
the  higher  learning,  and  as  such  their  functions 
are  identical,  namely,  to  educate,  by  every 
means  in  their  power,  the  readers  that  come  to 
them.  That  the  readers  that  frequent  the  uni- 
versity library  include  in  general  more  ad- 
vanced students  than  those  that  go  to  the 
college  library  need  not  concern  us  here.  Nor 
need  we  dwell  on  the  fact  that  the  university 
library  often  includes  the  special  libraries  of  the 
various  schools  —  the  theological,  the  medical, 
the  law  school,  etc.  The  wants  of  these  are 
generally  so  special  and  are  so  often  looked 
after  by  a  separate  librarian  that  we  need  not 
consider  them.  Our  attention  may  for  the 
present  be  confined  to  the  central  library  of  the 
university,  which  for  practical  purposes  does 
not  differ  essentially  from  the  college  library. 
The  readers  of  both  may  be  conveniently 
divided  into  two  main  classes — teachers  and 
students. 

It  is  the  needs  of  these  two  classes  and  the 
best  way  of  supplying  them  that  we  are  to  con- 
sider in  this  paper.  It  is  obvious  that  the 
freshman,  still  in  his  teens  and  with  mind  crude 
and  unused  to  books,  will  require  very  differ- 
ent kinds  of  books  from  those  that  may  rightly 
be  demanded  by  the  professor,  past-master  of 
the  most  intricate  proble^ms  of  science  or  litera- 
ture. 

The  wants  of  the  students  are  comparatively 
simple  and  easy  to  satisfy.  In  the  main  their 
principal  demands  will  be  for  books  to  be  used 
in  connection  with  the  courses  of  study  —  not 
indeed  text-books,  for  those  at  least  the  student 
should  be  encouraged  to  own,  but  the  works 
that  are  recommended  for  reading  by  the  in- 
structors as  supplementary  to  the  courses.  For 
the  average  student,  elementary  works  rather 
than  advanced  treatises  are  needed.  Then, 
too,  he  needs  all  the  reference-books  we  can 
provide  for  him.  But  our  duty  to  the  student 
is  not  ended  when  we  have  placed  before  him 
the  necessary  tools  for  his  classwork.  It  is 


not  enough  if  we  supply  him  with  the  material 
needed  for  his  theses  or  for  his  part  at  com- 
mencement. Perhaps  the  highest  duty  of  the 
college  towards  its  students  is  to  give  them 
general  culture,  and  in  this  the  library  can  do 
a  large  share.  The  standard  works  of  litera- 
ture—  the  writings  of  the  great  poets,  novel- 
ists, essayists,  and  historians  —  may  or  may  not 
be  treated  in  the  college  curriculum.  Never- 
theless, the  library  should  have  them  on  its 
shelves  and  should  encourage  the  students  to 
read  them.  In  this  way  can  the  library  aid 
the  college  in  sending  out  on  commencement 
day  men  who  are  more  than  mere  scholars, 
who  are  well-read,  who  know  the  world  of 
books  and  how  to  use  it,  who,  in  short,  have 
attained  not  only  scholarship  but  culture. 

For  the  professors  we  must  provide  wholly 
different  books.  They  may  be  presumed,  each 
in  his  own  subject,  already  to  be  acquainted 
with  both  the  elementary  and  standard  books. 
They  will  want  new  books  giving  the  latest 
theories,  the  results  of  the  most  advanced  re- 
search. They  will  need  also  the  older  works 
as  showing  perhaps  the  rise  and  early  develop- 
ment of  their  subjects.  While  for  the  student 
it  is  wise  to  provide  only  the  best,  for  the  pro- 
fessor, surveying  his  field  in  its  widest  extent, 
everything  is  necessary  —  good,  bad,  and  in- 
different. While  the  books  for  the  students 
will  be  in  general  inexpensive,  those  needed 
by  the  professors  will  oftentimes  be  rare  and 
costly.  But  when  we  regret  the  fact  that  for 
the  price  given  for  a  book  that  will  perhaps  be 
used  by  a  single  professor,  we  could  buy  50 
books  that  would  be  used  by  a  hundred  stu- 
dents, we  must  remember  that  the  furthering 
of  research  is  a  part  of  our  function. 

If  I  have  dwelt  somewhat  at  length  on  this 
analysis  of  the  kinds  of  books  required,  it  is 
because  in  it  I  find  the  key  to  my  main  subject 
—  "The  selection  of  books  for  college  libra- 
ries." No  library,  I  suppose,  has  money 
enough  to  buy  all  the  books  needed  for  its 
work  ;  and  the  college  librarian  is  always 
greatly  hampered  in  his  operations  by  the 
college  treasurer.  In  some  way,  then,  a  selec- 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


tion  must  be  made  of  the  most  necessary  books. 
Now,  if  we  examine  the  various  kinds  of  books 
wanted,  we  shall  see  that  they  fall  into  practi- 
cally the  same  lines  as  the  college  courses  — 
that  is,  the  students  want  books  on  the  sub- 
jects of  the  courses  they  are  studying,  and  the 
professors  on  those  they  are  teaching.  Thus 
it  is  natural  that  we  should  turn  to  the  in- 
structors in  the  various  departments  of  study 
for  aid  in  the  choice  of  books. 

Theoretically  a  college  library  is  in  a  most 
advantageous  position  in  this  matter  of  select- 
ing books  and  is  far  better  off  in  this  respect 
than  the  public  library;  for  it  has  a  body  of 
trained  specialists  whose  privilege  it  is  and 
duty  it  should  be  to  select  the  books  for  its 
shelves.  Not  only  are  these  specialists  familiar 
with  the  literatures  both  past  and  current  of 
their  various  departments,  but  they  may  fairly 
be  supposed  to  know  better  than  the  librarian 
can  what  gaps  exist  in  the  present  collections 
and  what  is  most  needed  to  fill  them.  In  short, 
the  theoretical  position  of  the  college  library  is 
nearly  ideal.  But  in  practice  the  ideal  is  apt 
to  be  somewhat  shattered  ;  it  has  sometimes 
seemed  to  me  that  almost  any  other  system  of 
selecting  books  would  be  better  than  that 
usually  followed  by  college  libraries. 

Let  us  examine  for  a  moment  their  general 
mode  of  procedure.  In  most  colleges  there  is 
appointed  a  commitee  consisting  of  perhaps  the 
president,  half  a  dozen  professors,  and  the  li- 
brarian, to  have  the  general  oversight  of  the 
library.  Commonly  the  most  important  and 
sometimes  the  only  duty  of  this  committee  is  to 
apportion  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  the  in- 
come available  for  books  among  the  different 
departments  of  study.  Each  of  the  appropria- 
tions thus  made  is  then  to  be  expended  under 
the  direction  of  the  professor  or  professors  of 
that  department.  An  allowance  is  usually  left 
to  be  spent  by  the  librarian  for  general  works 
and  for  books  in  subjects  not  taught  in  the  col- 
lege. Under  such  a  system  it  is  the  duty  of 
the  professors  to  see  that  the  money  allowed 
them  is  all  properly  expended,  and  it  is  the  duty 
of  the  librarian  to  see  that  no  professor  exceeds 
the  amount  allotted  him.  To  the  librarian  should 
be  assigned  at  least  an  advisory  and  preferably  a 
veto  power.  When,  for  example,  a  guileless  pro- 
fessor of  English  literature  with  an  appropria- 
tion of  $200  orders  the  first  edition  of  Robert 
Burns,  a  copy  of  which  sold  lately  for  .£121,  it 


is  time  for  the  librarian  to  cry  halt.  And  in 
general  he  must  by  judicious  advice  endeavor 
to  check  the  unwise  expenditure  of  appropria- 
tions. He  must  see  that  the  books  bought  are 
of  a  useful  character;  that  extravagant  pur- 
chases are  not  made.  The  income  of  a  college 
library  should  not  be  spent  for  bibliographical 
curiosities  —  for  large-paper  copies,  fine  bind- 
ings, or  other  "collectors'"  books.  But  the 
librarian's  duty  has  more  than  a  negative  side; 
he  must  not  only  see  that  the  most  important 
general  works  are  purchased  out  of  the  money 
reserved  for  that  purpose,  but  he  should  con- 
stantly bring  to  the  attention  of  the  professors 
the  titles  of  books  that  he  fears  they  may  have 
overlooked.  Thus  with  a  wide-awake  librarian, 
ready  both  to  check  and  drive  forward  the  pro- 
fessors, this  plan  of  selecting  books  ought  to 
be  most  successful.  But  for  many  causes  it 
falls  far  short  of  what  might  reasonably  be  ex- 
pected of  it. 

In  the  first  place  the  professors  are  not  ma- 
chines all  built  in  the  same  shop  and  warranted 
each  to  order  every  year  a  given  amount  of 
books  and  no  more.  On  the  contrary  they  are 
very  human  and  their  varying  personal  equa- 
tions enter  largely  into  the  problem.  Some  are 
too  busy,  some,  I  fear,  too  lazy,  to  order  their 
full  quota  of  books,  and  some,  on  the  other 
hand,  are  always  inclined  to  order  more  than 
their  fair  share.  The  only  trouble  with  the 
men  in  the  last  class  is  that  it  is  sometimes 
hard  to  convince  them  that  their  money  really 
is  all  gone.  In  excuse  for  those  that  do  not  or- 
der enough  we  ought  to  remember  that  to  select 
with  judicious  care  several  hundred  dollars' 
worth  of  books  in  any  subject  every  year  re- 
quires no  small  amount  of  time  and  labor,  and 
that  the  average  college  professor  is  a  very 
busy  man. 

Yet  it  is  a  most  serious  matter  for  the  library 
to  be  falling  behind  in  any  subject;  not  only  is 
it  a  present  evil,  but  its  effects  will  be  felt  for 
years  to  come.  It  may  be  said  that  in  a  long 
series  of  years  this  evil  will  rectify  itself,  that 
the  inactive  professor  who  orders  few  or  no 
books  will  in  time  be  succeeded  by  a  more 
energetic  man  who  will  fill  up  the  gaps.  And 
in  the  long  run  this  is  true  —  at  the  end  of  a 
century  the  neglected  subject  probably  would 
be  filled  up  and  the  balance  of  the  library  re- 
stored. But  it  is  small  consolation  to  know 
that  at  the  close  of  the  aoth  century  the  defi- 


POTTER. 


ciencies  caused  by  the  negligence  of  one  of  the 
professors  of  to-day  will  have  been  made  good. 
And  it  is  a  heavy  burden  that  the  negligent 
professor  is  leaving  for  his  successors.  Sup- 
pose, to  take  an  illustration  at  random,  that  the 
members  of.the  mathematical  department  do  not 
care  whether  the  library  buys  any  mathematical 
books  or  not  and  hand  in  almost  no  orders. 
This  goes  on  perhaps  for  ten  years,  when  new 
members  enter  the  department,  and  the  new 
blood  infused  begets  new  activity  and  the  de- 
sire to  order  books  once  more.  The  new  in- 
structors will  find  that  they  have  not  only  to 
buy  the  important  current  publications  but  to 
make  up  the  arrears  of  a  decade.  While  the  sci- 
ence of  mathematics  has  been  advancing  the 
library  has  been  stagnant,  and  it  will  be  years 
before  it  can  recover  from  the  temporary  paraly- 
sis. Thus  the  iniquity  of  the  professor  of  to- 
day shall  be  visited  on  his  successors  unto  the 
third  and  fourth  generation.  Then  there  is  the 
professor  who  orders  by  fits  and  starts,  who 
one  year  orders  everything  that  appears  on 
his  subject  and  the  next  year  almost  nothing, 
and  who  is  sure  to  fail  to  order  the  most  im- 
portant book.  This  danger  of  important  publi- 
cations being  overlooked  by  the  professors  is  a 
serious  matter  that  can  only  be  guarded  against 
by  watchfulness  on  the  part  of  the  librarian. 
The  danger  increases  where  there  are  several 
instructors  ordering  on  one  appropriation,  or 
when  a  book  might  fall  under  any  one  of  sev- 
eral appropriations. 

But  if  the  negligent  professor  is  an  injury  to 
the  library,  so  in  but  slightly  less  a  degree 
is  the  hobby-horsical  professor  —  the  man  who 
allows  his  hobby  to  gallop  away  with  the  whole 
of  his  appropriation,  leaving  nothing  for  the 
riders  of  other  and  perhaps  better  horses.  But 
to  drop  the  metaphor,  which  to  tell  the  truth  is 
almost  running  away  with  me,  the  professor 
with  a  specialty  may  do  decided  harm  to  the  li- 
brary, or  at  least  to  the  portion  of  it  under  his 
direction.  He  will  almost  invariably  develop 
its  resources  on  this  specialty  at  the  expense  of 
the  other  sides  of  his  subject.  Perhaps  the 
French  professor  is  an  enthusiastic  Molierist, 
and  has  gathered  many  editions  of  Moliere,  sup- 
plemented by  a  great  mass  of  biographical  and 
critical  material.  The  collection  is  of  undoubted 
value,  and  contains  everything  needed  for  a 
most  profound  study  of  the  master  of  French 
comedy;  but  the  student  of  modern  French  lit- 


erature and  criticism  will  find  that  his  wants 
have  been  scantily  provided  for.  Or  again  it 
is  the  professor  of  history  whose  hobby  is  the 
history  of  the  Slavic  countries  ;  he  has  stocked 
the  library  well  with  histories  of  Russia  and 
Bulgaria  in  all  sorts  of  unreadable  languages, 
but  left  England  and  France  and  Germany  to 
look  out  for  themselves.  Or  perhaps  the  pro- 
fessor of  physics  is  engaged  in  investigating  the 
velocity  and  length  of  light  waves,  and  orders 
only  books  that  will  help. him  in  his  own  re- 
searches; the  students  anxious  to  explore  other 
fields  of  physics,  the  whole  realm  of  electricity 
for  instance,  must  go  away  unsatisfied.  These 
imaginary  cases  are  perhaps  somewhat  exag- 
gerated, although  I  have  in  mind  one  at  Har- 
vard that  furnishes  a  fairly  close  parallel.  Yet 
they  do  serve  to  illustrate  the  grave  danger  of 
leaving  the  matter  of  ordering  too  much  in  the 
hands  of  the  professors.  The  specialties  men- 
tioned above  are  all  valuable  in  themselves,  but 
if  allowed  to  develop  without  due  regard  to 
other  branches  of  the  same  subjects,  the  in- 
evitable result  will  be  a  lamentably  one-sided 
library. 

Another  serious  defect  of  this  system  is  the 
failure  to  provide  sufficiently  for  subjects  not 
covered  by  the  college  curriculum.  To  a  cer- 
tain extent  the  librarian  can  purchase  the  more 
important  of  such  books  out  of  the  reserve  fund 
under  his  control;  but  that  sum,  usually  small, 
is  apt  to  be  pretty  well  exhausted  by  the  de- 
mands upon  it  for  general  works  and  reference- 
books.  The  result  is  that  when,  as  not  infre- 
quently happens,  a  new  subject  is  introduced 
among  the  college  courses,  the  new  instructor 
finds  the  library  contains  few  of  the  books  that 
he  needs. 

But  before  we  consider  the  remedies  for  this 
undesirable  state  of  things,  it  is  but  just  that 
we  should  glance  at  the  other  side  of  the  picture. 
Too  much  cannot  be  said  in  praise  of  the  priceless 
aid  that  the  conscientious  and  scholarly  professor 
often  gives  in  the  selection  of  books.  Busy  with 
a  thousand  other  things,  he  devotes  his  time 
and  his  skill  to  advancing  the  interests  of  the 
library  in  ways  that  are  beyond  the  reach  of  the 
librarian,  no  matter  how  accomplished  he  may 
be.  For  the  latter  cannot  have  the  special 
knowledge  that  the  professor  has  attained  by  a 
lifetime  of  study  in  one  line.  Thus  in  the  course 
of  years  of  earnest  effort  may  the  professor 
create  special  collections  that  shall  be  unrivalled 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


and  shall  make  the  library  a  Mecca  for  scholars. 
The  recompense  for  his  unstinted  labors  will  be 
the  pleasure  of  seeing  the  gradual  completion 
of  his  ideals,  and  of  having  his  own  knowledge 
increased  by  the  use  of  the  books  he  has  helped 
to  gather.  And  in  passing  I  cannot  refrain  from 
paying  a  tribute  to  the  late  Professor  Child,  of 
Harvard.  No  one  outside  of  the  Harvard  Li- 
brary can  realize  the  great  service  he  did  tow- 
ards building  up  its  collections.  A  student  of 
the  highest  rank  and  profoundest  knowledge, 
he  gave  to  the  library  for  many  years  the  bene- 
fit of  his  ripe  scholarship  and  wide  acquaintance 
with  books.  The  amount  of  time  and  energy 
that  he  devoted  to  this  work  of  selecting  books 
can  hardly  be  appreciated;  its  value  cannot  be 
over-stated.  The  result  of  his  labors  is  that 
the  Harvard  collection  of  folklore  is  probably 
second  to  none  in  the  world,  while  in  the  other 
subjects  in  which  he  took  especial  interest  — 
ballads,  mediaeval  literature  and  romances,  and 
Scandinavian  and  Slavic  literature  —  the  col- 
lections certainly  equal  any  in  this  country. 
Nor  were  these  books  gathered  by  any  exces- 
sive or  lavish  expenditure  of  money,  but  rather 
by  careful  purchasing  and  patient  waiting.  It 
is  when  one  considers  what  such  a  man  as  Pro- 
fessor Child  can  do  for  a  college  library  that 
one  hesitates  to  condemn  utterly  this  system  of 
allowing  the  professors  to  choose  the  books. 
However  serious  one  may  deem  its  defects,  the 
possibilities  of  the  plan  stand  out  so  clearly  that 
one  is  inclined  to  find  modifications  rather  than 
to  seek  a  substitute. 

In  the  way  of  modifications  and  improvements 
much  can  be  done  by  the  librarian  without 
making  any  radical  change  in  the  system.  By 
personal  interviews  with  the  professors  who  are 
not  doing  their  part  in  the  ordering  or  who  are 
ordering  books  too  largely  on  one  subject,  he 
may  bring  them  to  see  the  error  of  their  ways 
and  (perhaps)  to  reform.  He  can  frequently 
send  them  for  approval  titles  of  books  that  he 
thinks  ought  to  be  in  the  library  in  their  de- 
partment. At  Harvard  we  have  a  printed  re- 
turn envelope  that  we  send  with  such  sugges- 
tions. I  have  found  one  obstacle  to  the  use  of 
this  scheme  in  that  the  very  professors  that  we 
wish  to  reach  —  that  is,  those  who  do  not  order 
enough  books  —  are  the  very  ones  who  fail  to 
approve  the  suggested  title.  Either  they  ignore 
the  hint  entirely  or  they  decline  to  sign  the 
order  for  one  or  another  reason  —  usually  be- 


cause they  have  a  list  of  books  they  mean  to 
order  when  they  have  time,  but  that  time  never 
comes.  On  the  other  hand,  the  men  who  al- 
ways order  more  than  their  appropriations  will 
pay  for  and  whose  orders  are  always  waiting  on 
the  deferred  list  for  better  times  or  a  new  year 
—  these  men  are  ready  to  approve  every  order 
sent  them.  A  friendly  hint  from  the  librarian 
that  an  appropriation  is  not  being  used  up  and 
is  therefore  in  danger  of  being  reduced  by  the 
committee  another  year  on  the  ground  that  it 
is  unnecessarily  large  is  often  effectual.  Even 
the  most  indifferent  professor  is  disturbed  at 
that  prospect  ;  he  likes  to  have  his  full  allow- 
ance whether  he  uses  it  or  not.  If  the  librarian 
can  ask  the  professor  to  examine  the  book  itself 
instead  of  merely  sending  him  the  title  of  it,  it 
is  often  a  great  gain.  Arrangements  can  be 
made  with  the  booksellers  to  send  packages  of 
new  books  from  time  to  time  on  approval;  these 
can  be  kept  open  to  the  inspection  of  the  pro- 
fessors for  a  week  or  so,  and  it  is  surprising 
how  much  they  will  be  looked  over  and  how 
many  good  books  will  be  bought  from  them  that 
would  not  otherwise  be  ordered. 

Encourage  the  professors  to  order  by  using 
as  little  red-tape  as  possible  —  at  least  keep  it 
out  of  their  sight.  Do  not  insist  on  their  writing 
out  a  regular  order-card  for  every  book  they 
want.  Take  the  orders  gratefully  in  whatever 
way  they  prefer  to  give  them  —  checked  in  a 
publisher's  or  bookseller's  catalogue,  written  in 
a  letter  or  scrawled  on  a  page  torn  from  a  pocket 
diary,  or  delivered  by  word  of  mouth  —  take 
them  in  any  form;  the  librarian  and  his  assist- 
ants can  copy  them  on  the  order-cards  and  tie 
them  up  with  as  much  red-tape  as  the  ordering 
system  may  require.  Even  when  the  absent- 
minded  professor  comes  in  and  says  he  wants  a 
book  he  saw  noticed  a  few  weeks  ago,  he  has 
forgotten  the  author's  name  and  can't  recall 
the  title,  but  he  is  sure  it  is  a  good  book  because 
the  Nation  or  the  Saturday  Review,  he  really 
can't  remember  which,  said  so,  try  to  find  out 
what  he  wants  and  get  it  for  him.  Make  him 
and  all  the  rest  of  the  faculty  understand  that 
they  are  doing  the  library  a  favor  when  they 
order  books. 

A  remedy  that  I  should  like  to  see  tried  — 
perhaps  some  of  you  may  have  tried  it  ? —  is  to 
allow  the  librarian  to  fill  up  the  order  lists  under 
such  appropriations  as  are  not  nearly  exhausted 
by  a  given  time,  say  two  months  before  the  end 


POTTER. 


43 


of  the  year.  This  would  throw  a  heavy  task 
on  the  librarian,  but  would  tend  toward  a  more 
even  development  of  the  library  than  if  the  ap- 
propriations were  allowed  to  lapse,  or  than  if 
the  unused  balance,  as  has  sometimes  been  sug- 
gested, were  turned  over  to  some  other  depart- 
ment where  it  would  be  more  appreciated.  A 
similar  remedy,  and  one  that  we  have  tried  sev- 
eral times  at  Harvard,  is  to  give  the  librarian  a 
share  in  appropriations  that  experience  had 
shown  were  not  used  up  by  the  professors  in 
charge. 

The  evil  of  injudicious  and  one-sided  order- 
ing is  harder  to  cope  with  than  insufficient 
ordering.  Moral  suasion  is  about  the  only 
means  available,  and  that  is  often  of  little  use 
in  stopping  the  mad  gallop  of  the  professional 
hobby-horse.  The  professor  accustomed  to  this 
system  is  apt  to  resent  any  interference  with  his 
full  freedom  of  ordering,  and  to  think  himself 
a  better  judge  of  the  needs  of  the  library  in  his 
particular  department  than  the  librarian.  Still 
with  a  little  diplomacy  much  may  be  done  to 
change  the  current  of  ordering  into  better  and 
wider  channels.  If  there  are  other  and  espe- 
cially younger  men  in  the  affected  department 
induce  them  to  take  their  share  in  the  work  of 
ordering.  And  let  the  librarian  himself  con- 
tinually exert  his  influence  to  counteract  the 
evil. 

A  more  radical  remedy  would  be  to  grant  the 
professors  only  the  right  of  suggestion  instead 
of  a  practically  absolute  control  over  the  appro- 
priations. Let  their  orders  be  considered  on 
their  individual  merits  by  the  librarian  or  a  book 
committee,  as  would  those  asked  for  by  the 
patrons  of  any  other  library.  But  if  the  pro- 
fessors found  their  orders  were  liable  to  rejec- 
tion they  would  be  likely  to  take  less  interest 
than  they  do  now,  and  the  library  would  thus 
lose  much  of  the  benefit  derived  from  their 
special  knowledge.  While  the  growth  of  the 
library  as  a  whole  would  undoubtedly  be  more 
systematic  and  even,  I  cannot  but  think  that  in 
many  departments  the  books  would  be  chosen 
with  less  skill  and  good  judgment.  In  other 
words,  in  spite  of  the  many  drawbacks  which  I 
have  pointed  out,  it  seems  pretty  clear  that  the 
best  interests  of  the  college  library  are  promoted 
by  depending  largely  on  the  aid  of  the  profes- 
sors in  selecting  the  books.  But  in  order  to 
secure  the  best  results  the  librarian  must  not 
feel  that  he  is  relieved  of  the  responsibility  for 


the  proper  increase  of  the  library.  His  duties 
are  rather  added  to,  for  he  must  see  that  each 
member  of  the  faculty  does  his  proper  share  of 
the  ordering  and  does  it  well.  He  must  urge 
Prof.  This  to  order  more  books,  must  keep 
Prof.  That  from  ordering  too  many,  and  must 
make  Prof.  The  Other  dismount  from  his  hob- 
by-horse. And  all  the  while  he  is  managing 
this  staff  of  specialists  he  must  spend  wisely 
his  own  appropriation  for  general  books.  Thus 
with  constant  watchfulness  and  ready  action 
the  librarian  can  do  much  toward  bringing  this 
system  nearer  to  its  ideal  perfection. 

I  have  not  tried  to  distinguish  between  the 
needs  of  the  large  and  the  small  college  libra- 
ry. The  principle  of  selection  must  be  the 
same  for  both;  the  details  will  differ  in  every 
library.  No  matter  how  ample  the  income 
may  appear,  the  demand  for  books  will  always 
exceed  the  supply  of  money.  The  larger  the 
library  the  greater  its  needs.  No  professor  in 
a  college  with  an  annual  income  of  perhaps 
$1000  for  books  would  think  of  suggesting  that 
$700  of  it  be  spent  for  Wadding's  Annales  Ordi- 
nis  Minorum,  or  $200  for  Bulaeus'  Historia 
Universitatis  Parisiensis',  but  his  fellow  in 
the  university  with  its  annual  expenditure 
for  books  of  $15,000  or  $20,000  may  demand 
such  works  as  a  right.  What  particular  books 
to  buy  will  be  a  different  problem  in  each  libra- 
ry, and  the  solution  of  it  will  depend  on  the 
amount  of  income,  the  class  of  readers,  the 
presence  of  a  considerable  body  of  graduate 
students  and  professors  doing  special  work,  the 
proximity  of  other  libraries,  and  many  other 
varying  factors.  In  short,  generalization  would 
be  futile.  For  this  reason  I  have  preferred  to 
consider  the  methods  of  selection  which  in 
principle  do  not  differ  materially  for  great  or 
small  libraries. 

There  are  several  other  matters  which  I  hope 
will  be  discussed  in  connection  with  the  gen- 
eral topic  of  the  selection  of  books.  In  the  few 
minutes  left  at  my  disposal  I  can  only  suggest 
them  in  the  hope  that  you  will  take  them  up 
for  discussion. 

The  first  is  the  question  of  periodicals.  How 
large  a  portion  of  its  funds  is  the  college  library 
justified  in  spending  for  periodicals  ?  Should 
we  allow  a  professor  to  use  the  whole  or  a 
great  part  of  his  appropriation  for  them  ?  The 
demands  of  the  professors  in  this  direction  are 
almost  insatiable.  In  order  to  keep  abreast  of 


44 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


the  advance  of  any  science  it  is  necessary  to 
have  the  costly  and  constantly  increasing  peri- 
odical literature  of  that  science.  The  aggre- 
gate expense  of  providing  these  indispensable 
tools  of  the  professor's  trade  is  enormous,  and 
the  value  of  them  is  often  in  the  main  tempo- 
rary, for  the  more  important  results  are  sure  to 
appear  sooner  or  later  in  the  form  of  mono- 
graphs, and  the  original  tentative  form  will 
retain  mainly  an  historical  interest.  Every 
periodical  subscribed  to  constitutes  a  per- 
manent liability  against  our  funds,  and  crip- 
ples the  library's  purchasing  power  in  other 
and  more  lasting  directions.  At  Harvard  we 
are  constantly  resisting  the  pressure  to  add  new 
ones  to  our  lists,  yet  in  spite  of  ourselves  we 
are  spending  over  a  third  of  our  income  for 
periodicals  and  the  publications  of  learned  so- 
cieties, and  the  burden  is  growing  from  year  to 
year. 

Another  question  is  the  matter  of  providing 
duplicates  of  books  in  special  demand.  A  pro- 
fessor recommends  his  class  of  50  or  a  100 
men  to  read  a  certain  book  before  the  next 
lecture.  Even  if  the  book  is  on  our  reserve 
shelves  it  is  impossible  for  the  whole  class  to 
read  it  in  two  or  three  days.  Shall  we  buy  a 
second  copy?  a  third  ?  or  even  more  ?  The  Har- 
vard practice  has  been  against  this  duplication, 
although  we  have  made  an  occasional  excep- 
tion. The  need  is  usually  a  comparatively 
temporary  one,  and  it  has  not  been  thought  a 
wise  policy  to  spend  our  funds  in  gratifying  it. 
The  most  important  exceptions  have  been  in 
the  class-room  libraries,  where  sometimes  a 
dozen  copies  of  a  much-used  book  are  provided. 
And  this  brings  me  to  my  last  point  for  discus- 
ion —  the  selection  of  books  for  class-room  li- 
braries. 


Class-room  or  seminary  libraries  have  now 
become  a  prominent  feature  in  most  colleges 
and  universities.  Should  the  choice  of  books 
for  them  be  left  entirely  to  the  professors  in 
charge  of  the  particular  department  ?  Should 
the  books  in  them  be  duplicates  of  those  in  the 
central  library  or  should  the  aim  be  to  supple- 
ment the  main  collection  ?  My  own  opinion  is 
very  strong  that  if  a  college  owns  but  one  copy 
of  a  book  it  should  be  in  the  main  library, 
and  that  these  subordinate  libraries  should  con- 
tain merely  a  working  collection  of  the  more 
necessary  books,  duplicating  those  in  the  col- 
lege library  proper.  Yet  I  find  some  class-room 
libraries  managed  on  precisely  the  opposite 
theory  of  providing  only  books  that  are  not  in 
the  college  library,  while  others  are  run  hap- 
hazard without  any  theory  at  all,  the  books 
being  purchased  by  the  professor  in  charge 
without  regard  to  whether  or  not  they  are  du- 
plicates. 

Let  me  sum  up  in  a  few  words  my  main  con- 
clusions on  this  subject  of  selecting  books  for 
college  libraries.  The  system  usually  in  vogue 
of  leaving  the  matter  chiefly  in  the  hands  of  the 
members  of  the  faculty  is  by  no  means  ideal; 
and  I  have  tried  to  indicate  some  ways  of  avoid- 
ing its  principal  defects.  No  system  can  be 
perfect,  and  on  the  whole  the  advantages  of 
this  one  outweigh  its  faults.  With  a  few  slight 
modifications,  and  most  important  of  all  with  a 
librarian  alive  to  his  responsibilities  and  ready 
to  amend  by  every  means  in  his  power  the 
recognized  shortcomings  of  the  system,  the 
books  of  the  library  under  this  plan  will  be  well 
and  wisely  selected,  and  the  library  will  thus 
be  helped  to  do  its  proper  share  in  the  further- 
ance of  the  higher  education  for  which  our  col- 
leges and  universities  stand. 


RICHARDSON. 


45 


THE    SURVIVAL   OF   THE   FITTEST   AMONG   BOOKS. 


BY   ERNEST  C.    RICHARDSON,    LIBRARIAN   OF   PRINCETON   UNIVERSITY   LIBRARY. 


T  N  considering  this  subject  let  me  remark,  in 
the  first  place,  that  the  paper  has  nothing 
whatever  to  do  directly  with  the  question  of 
moral  fitness  of  books,  but  relates  to  that  fit- 
ness to  survive  in  the  struggle  for  life  which 
may  or  may  not  be  affected  by  the  question  of 
moral,  intellectual,  or  imaginative  worthiness. 

Again,  and  in  a  similar  line,  let  me  say  that 
this  paper  does  not  concern  primarily  the  ques- 
tion of  the  evolution  of  the  ideas  themselves, 
or  their  relative  fitness  to  survive.  No  doubt 
there  is  a  struggle  for  life  among  ideas,  but 
this  paper  has  to  do  with  the  idea  in  the  definite 
form  of  a  book,  and  the  thesis  is  this  :  That 
among  books  as  among  men,  animals,  and 
plants,  there  is  a  struggle  for  life  in  which  the 
fittest  survive  by  reason  of  some  favorable 
variation  which  gives  them  some  advantage  in 
the  struggle,  and  the  aim  of  the  paper  is  to  in- 
dicate some  of  the  factors  which  tend  to  sur- 
vival. 

When  the  paper  was  first  outlined  it  was 
discouraging,  the  facts  seemed  so  obvious  that 
it  appeared  as  if  the  paper  would  not  be  inter- 
esting even  to  its  author,  but  since  then  I  have 
come  across  the  following,  signed  J.  E.  in  Mr. 
Aflalo's  "  Literary  year-book  "  :  "But  our  point 
here,"  he  says,  "  speaking  calmly,  is  that  in 
the  propagation  of  books  alone  of  Nature's  crea- 
tions, we  can  discover  no  tendencies  at  work  to 
insure  the  survival  of  the  fittest  through  the 
extermination  of  the  unfit." 

Here,  at  least,  was  some  one  to  whom  the 
matter  was  not  obvious.  In  fact  something 
quite  otherwise  was  obvious.  The  issue  could 
hardly  be  more  clear-cut.  It  is  a  concrete  ex- 
example  of  the  struggle  for  life  among  ideas. 
These  two  ideas  of  J.  E.  and  E.  C.  R.  are  mu- 
tually exclusive.  They  cannot  both  survive, 
and  yet  in  the  long  run  the  fittest  will  survive 
because  it  is  the  fittest,  and  then  they  will  know 
which  is  the  fittest  because  it  has  survived. 
In  the  meantime  I  beg  to  state  the  reasons 
for  thinking  that  the  fittest  survive  in  this 
struggle  for  life  in  the  race  of  books,  and  that 
there  are  definite  tendencies  at  work  to  insure 
this  survival. 


The  fact  of  the  struggle  and  perishing  is 
clear  enough.  All  books  do  not  live  forever. 
We  see  moth  and  rust,  weather  and  pet  dogs 
at  their  destructive  work  all  the  time.  There 
are,  in  fact,  practically  no  autographs  of  the 
ancients  —  not  a  ms.  of  the  New  Testament 
earlier  than  the  fourth  century.  Some  of  the 
ancients  have  utterly  disappeared  ;  but  though 
so  many  copies  of  each  have  perished,  Plato 
and  St.  Paul,  for  example,  do  survive.  Why  is 
it,  then,  that  one  book  survives  while  another 
perishes  ?  Is  it  the  result  of  chance  or  law  ?  I 
answer  law  in  both  cases. 

It  is  clear  in  the  first  place  that,  apart  from 
accidental  causes,  there  is  a  direct  tendency 
to  cause  the  extermination  of  some  books  in 
the  very  fact  of  multiplication  of  books.  The 
reading  public  does  not  provide  food  enough, 
so  to  speak,  to  support  an  indefinite  book  pop- 
ulation. When  this  feeding-ground  is  over- 
stocked some  of  the  population  must  perish, 
and  the  less  strong,  the  less  beautiful,  the  less 
clever,  fail  to  get  the  needed  dollars,  or  readers, 
on  which  they  feed,  and  so  they  perish  ;  and 
books  once  strong  are  continually  elbowed  out 
of  their  natural  feeding-ground  by  stronger 
ones  with  more  favorable  variations. 

Metaphor  aside,  we  know  that  few  books  are 
long  lived;  that  the  number  of  books  which  can 
keep  human  attention  at  any  given  time  is  so 
small  that  there  must  be  a  continual  tendency 
of  the  less  valuable  to  fall  away,  and  if  it  is  said 
that  three  books  are  written  to  every  one  that 
finds  a  publisher,  and  that  three  out  of  four 
among  books  published  fail  to  pay,  we  know 
that  large  numbers  actually  are  exterminated 
through  the  action  of  their  enemies,  the  pub- 
lishers, the  critics,  and  pre-eminently  the  indif- 
ferent public,  who,  however,  do  not  slaughter  but 
only  fail  to  nourish.  This  makes  the  analogy 
with  animal  survival  the  more  striking,  for,  as 
Mr.  Darwin  had  to  keep  constantly  pointing 
out,  the  struggle  among  plants  and  animals 
does  not  so  often  mean  slaughter  as  starvation, 
the  weaker  is  not  destroyed  by  the  stronger, 
but  the  stronger  is  better  able  to  secure  food 
and  escape  fire  and  flood,  and  therefore  sur- 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


vives,  and  the  same  is  true  of  books.  It  is 
clear,  therefore,  that  there  is  a  strong  tendency 
to  extermination  in  the  mere  increase  in  pro- 
duction. 

But  while  this  is  true  of  books  themselves, 
the  converse  is  true  respecting  the  copies  of  any 
one  book.  The  more  editions  and  the  more 
copies  there  are  the  greater  the  technical  fit- 
ness to  survive.  The  first  factor  in  the  survival 
of  the  fittest  among  books  we  may  describe  as, 
(i)  Mere  numbers.  Suppose,  e.g.,  a  large  num- 
ber of  copies  of  a  single  edition  of  a  popular 
book.  It  is  clear  that  in  dangers  of  war,  fire, 
vandalism,  mould,  insects,  hard  reading,  etc., 
the  mere  fact  of  numbers  increases  the  proba- 
bility that  some  member  or  members  of  the  fam- 
ily will  escape  being  worn  to  death  or  otherwise 
destroyed.  A  second  factor  is  of  similar  char- 
acter and  may  be  called,  (2)  Wide  distribution. 
Under  wide  distribution  the  probability  which 
comes  from  mere  numbers  is  greatly  increased. 
An  edition  of  some  volumes  of  Migne's  "  Pa- 
trology,"  and  in  the  same  way  an  Ox-ford  edi- 
tion of  "Lucretius,"  were  almost  wholly  de- 
stroyed by  fires  which  took  place  before  they 
had  left  the  warehouse.  This  represents  a 
minimum  of  distribution,  and  the  same  thing 
might  have  happened  if  they  had  been  dis- 
tributed through  a  thousand  houses  in  any  one 
city,  while  it  could  not  have  happened  if  they 
had  been  distributed  in  a  hundred  cities  in  a 
score  of  countries. 

A  third  factor  may  be  found  in  (3)  Durability 
of  material.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  enlarge 
on  this.  Very  few  of  the  papyri  of  Egypt  have 
been  preserved  to  us,  while  on  the  other  hand 
the  Assyrian  and  Babylonian  tablets,  although 
they  suffer  from  breaking  and  disintegration, 
are  yet  preserved  to  us  in  much  greater  quan- 
tities. It  has  been  said  that  the  reason  why 
the  paper  copies  of  some  books  are  more  valu- 
able than  the  vellum  copies  is  because  they 
are  rarer,  and  that  this  rareness  is  because 
they  are  printed  on  perishable  material.  One 
can  well  believe  this  on  considering  how  rare 
an  unworn,  unmutilated  copy  of  some  early 
editions  of  the  English  Bible  are. 

Again,  a  fourth  and  most  important  factor  is 
found  in  (4)  Beauty  of  material.  Many  of  the 
copies  of  the  early  printed  books  which  we  have 
are  not  merely  in  good  condition,  but  very  per- 
fect. This  is  because  they  have  been  kept  with 
peculiar  care  and  little  use,  the  very  fact,  e.g., 


that  a  book  is  printed  on  vellum  and  more 
handsome  leading  to  its  being  used  and  kept 
more  carefully.  In  this  way  all  that  which  is 
embraced  under  the  term  "  luxury  of  books  " 
contributes  to  survival.  The  early  New  Testa- 
ment codices  are  for  the  most  part  magnificent 
specimens,  and  date  from  a  peculiarly  favored 
time  when  the  production  of  a  sumptuous  edi- 
tion was  subsidized  by  the  emperor.  It  is 
natural  that  in  times  of  war  and  confiscation 
and  prohibition  that  copies  which  from  their 
fine  workmanship  or  fine  binding  were  peculi- 
arly dear  to  the  heart  of  the  owner,  or  were 
peculiarly  valuable  financially,  should  be  hid- 
den with  especial  pains,  should  be  rescued 
first  from  fire,  should  be  saved  as  spoils  by 
victors  when  other  things  were  burned  or 
thrown  into  the  river,  and  so  excellence  in 
this  regard  has  actually  been  a  prime  factor  in 
survival.  The  same  principle  certainly  holds 
in  every-day  use,  in  that  in  the  family  and 
in  the  public  library  the  choice  edition  with 
fine  print,  margin,  and  illustration  is  cherished 
with  peculiar  care,  and  to  such  a  degree  that 
it  often  happens  that  a  book  of  very  indiffer- 
ent merit  as  to  literary  quality  is  preserved 
simply  on  account  of  the  conditions  of  its  get- 
up,  or  some  condition  of  environment  which 
makes  its  preservation  reasonable.  The  value, 
e.g.,  which  comes  to  a  book  at  the  present 
time  simply  from  the  fact  of  its  having  been 
one  of  the  publications  of  the  Grolier  Club  is  a 
totally  artificial  matter,  but.it  is  one  which 
puts  men  into  competition  for  the  privilege  of 
safeguarding  it,  and  makes  it  worth  while  to 
care  for  it  on  account  of  its  financial  value. 

And  so  it  may  happen  that  a  book  sumptuous- 
ly gotten  up  and  which  men  hesitate  to  destroy 
on  that  account,  may  survive  even  a  better  book. 
It  is  not  so  fit  to  be  read  but  fitter  to  be  kept  ! 

Once  more,  and  finally  among  what  may  be 
called  the  external  factors,  any  quality  which 
tends  to  induce  care,  even  known  rarity  and  fra- 
'gility  which  seem  tendencies  to  extermination,  or 
such  accidental  circumstances  as  extra  illustra- 
tions, autographs,  and  the  like,  tends  to  survival. 
Some  single  unpublished  ms.  in  the  British 
Museum  has  a  better  chance  of  surviving  the 
next  one  hundred  years  than  hundreds  of  books 
now  extant  in  hundreds  of  copies. 

These  external  factors  are  the  direct  occa- 
sions of  survival.  The  exercise  of  any  one  is  a 
favorable  variation  which  tends  to  survival,  and 


NELSON. 


47 


all  survival  is  effected  chiefly  through  them. 
This,  however,  is  not  all  the  story,  for  these 
favorable  variations  themselves  are  the  direct 
product  of  the  literary  quality  of  the  book  it- 
self, or  what  we  may  call  the  internal  factors  of 
survival. 

The  chief  internal  factors  of  survival  are  two 
in  number:  (i)  vitality  of  idea,  and  (2)  style,  or 
beauty  of  form  ;  that  is  to  say,  (i)  strength, 
and  (2)  beauty.  If  two  books  are  equal  in  liter- 
ary skill  then  the  one  with  the  best  ideas  is 
best  fitted  to  survive;  if  they  are  the  same  in 
idea  then  the  one  with  style  will  tend  to  sur- 
vive. Even  if  one  is  weak  or  wrong  in  idea  it 
may,  perhaps,  through  grace  and  charm  of 
presentation,  be  better  fitted  to  survive  as  a 
book  than  one  which,  though  right  in  idea,  is 
presented  in  a  stiff,  harsh,  involved,  and  sesque- 
pedalian  style,  and  vice  versa.  In  each  instance 
there  is  something  in  common,  and  in  one  in- 
stance a  favorable  variation  which  tends  to 
survival,  and  the  works  survive  because  of  this 
favorable  variation.  Now,  if  (to  make  the 
matter  more  clear)  the  better  ideas  be  united 
with  the  more  artful  presentation,  there  is  then 
a  combination  of  favorable  variations  which 
make  survival  sure,  not  again  be  it  noted,  by 
any  aggression,  but  because  the  one  is  less 
fitted  to  survive  in  the  struggle  for  readers  than 
the  other.  These  internal  factors  are  the  di- 
rect -occasion  of  the  external  ones.  It  is  the 
ideas  and  style  of  a  book,  e.g.,  which  cause  mul- 
tiplication and  distribution  of  editions  and 
copies. 


Perpendicular  ones  often  overtake  horizontal 
ones  by  virtue  of  this  fact.  Homer,  Virgil, 
Dante,  and  Shakespeare  did  not  probably  begin 
with  as  large  initial  editions  as  Marie  Corelli  or 
Lew  Wallace,  but  there  are  probably  more  copies 
of  Homer  to-day  than  there  will  be  of  the  "  Sor- 
rows of  Satan  "  3000  years  from  now. 

In  the  same  way  it  is  esteem  for  the  ideas  and 
style  which  leads  to  the  use  of  desirable  and 
beautiful  material  aid  to  care. 

Nevertheless  it  is  not  the  internal  but  the 
external  factors  through  which  the  survival 
is  actually  effected.  They  are  the  direct  fac- 
tors. It  is  therefore  a  natural  selection.  The 
books  do  not  survive  by  any  esoteric  tendency 
of  the  really  worthy  to  survive,  but  by  rea- 
son of  definite  material  circumstances  which 
give  one  book  an  advantage  over  another  in 
the  struggle  for  life,  and  by  definite  historical 
steps  do  cause  it  so  to  survive. 

The  internal  factors  of  ideas  and  style  pro- 
duce the  external  factors  of  number  distribu- 
tion, durability  of  material,  beauty  of  material, 
and  inducements  to  care.  It  is  not  necessary 
to  call  the  attention  of  this  audience  to  the  close 
relation  of  these  terms  to  the  terms  of  scientific 
evolution. 

If  you  say  that  it  is  still  a  matter  of  chance 
whether  a  book  survives  or  not,  I  say  that  it  is 
only  chance  in  the  same  sense  that  it  is  in  the 
case  of  plants  and  animals.  Whether  Provi- 
dence lies  back  of  a  definite  form  of  ideas  or  a 
definite  form  of  animal  or  plant  life  it  is  not 
within  the  province  of  this  paper  to  examine. 


A   BIT   OF   CLASSIFICATION:    TREATMENT   OF   HARVARDIANA 
BY   THE    HARVARD   CLUB   OF   NEW  YORK. 


BY   C:   ALEX.    NELSON,    DEPUTY   LIBRARIAN  COLUMBIA   UNIVERSITY   LIBRARY. 


HPHIS  account  of  the  classification  which  has 
been  adopted  for  the  library  of  the  Har- 
vard Club  of  New  York  City  is  given  simply  as 
a  memorandum  or  note  of  what  may  be  done 
for  a  special  collection  relating  to  a  single  uni- 
versity or  college. 

It  is  the  aim  of  the  Harvard  Club  to  gather 
into  its  collection,  to  the  fullest  possible  ex- 
tent, whatever  has  been  published  by  or  con- 
cerning Harvard  College  or  University  since  its 


foundation,  as  well  as  all  that  has  been  written 
by  or  about  the  officers  and  graduates  of  the 
university.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  of  the 
more  useful  and  important  books  for  general 
reference,  the  annual  and  triennial  catalogs  of 
other  colleges,  and  annual  club  books,  no  effort 
will  be  made  to  procure  books  outside  of  the 
special  field  of  Harvardiana. 

The   official    publications  will    be   classified 
under  the  several  departments  of  the  univer- 


48 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


shy  by  which  they  are  issued  ;  e.g.,  corpora- 
tion, board  of  overseers,  president,  treasurer, 
etc.,  and  those  of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  other 
societies  as  society  publications.  The  special 
feature  of  the  plan  is  that  adopted  for  the  pub- 
lications of  graduates.  These  are  arranged  by 
the  year  of  graduation  of  the  authors,  that  is 
by  the  college  classes,  the  authors  in  each  class 
and  biographies  of  members  of  the  class  being 
arranged  in  alphabetical  order  under  the  year 
of  the  class,  preceded  by  the  class  books  or 
secretary's  reports  when  these  have  been  pub- 
lished. This  brings  all  the  publications  of 
each  author  together,  no  matter  in  how  many 
different  departments  of  literature  or  science  he 
may  have  written.  It  also  shows  upon  the 
shelves  the  literary  history  of  each  class  that 
has  been  graduated  from  the  university. 

Graduates  of  the  Law,  Medical,  Divinity  and 
Lawrence  Scientific  Schools  and  Bussey  Insti- 
tute will  be  arranged  by  their  classes  in  the 
several  schools,  except  when  they  have  been 
previously  graduated  as  regular  alumni,  in 
which  case  the  year  of  graduation  from  the  col- 
lege takes  the  preference. 

In  the  case  of  pamphlet  publications,  of  which 
several  thousand  have  already  been  collected 
and  bound,  it  is  not  expected  that  strictly  exact 


classification  can  be  observed,  especially  with 
those  published  in  the  earliest  years  of  the  col- 
lege. It  is  held  to  be  close  enough  if  a  single 
volume  contain  pamphlets  written  by  members 
of  several  classes  in  the  latter  part  of  the  I7th 
century,  the  years  covered  by  the  volume 
being  lettered  on  the  back.  In  later  years 
more  than  one  volume  is  often  needed  for  the 
pamphlet  publications  of  a  single  author.  In  a 
similar  way  articles  contributed  to  magazines 
and  periodicals  are  collected  and  bound  up  by 
classes  (of  authors). 

The  peculiarity  of  this  classification  springs 
from  the  peculiar  demand  made  upon  this  spe- 
cial collection.  The  members  of  a  club  com- 
posed of  the  alumni  of  an  institution  of  learn- 
ing do  not  seek  in  a  collection  of  its  ana  for 
information  on  science  or  general  topics,  but 
the  most  natural  query  in  the  mind  of  each  is 
"What  have  the  fellows  been  doing?"  "What 
is  the  literary  record  of  my  classmates?"  And 
the  more  exact  and  complete  the  answer  to 
these  queries,  the  more  valuable  the  collection 
whence  the  answer  is  drawn.  In  a  club  of  col- 
lege graduates  where  the  library  shelves  are 
open  and  free  of  access  to  all  the  members,  ar- 
rangement by  college  classes  as  above  indicated 
seems  to  be  the  best  that  can  be  adopted. 


THE   CARE    OF    SPECIAL   COLLECTIONS. 

BY    WILBERFORCE    EAMES,    LIBRARIAN   OF   THE   LENOX   LIBRARY,    NEW   YORK   PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 


TV/TV  remarks  on  the  care  of  special  collec- 
tions will  be  restricted  chiefly  to  the 
methods  in  use,  or  in  contemplation  for  use,  at 
the  Lenox  branch  of  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary. 

RARE  BOOKS. 

I  find  that  one  of  the  subjects  assigned  to  me 
is  the  treatment  of  rare  books.  For  that  matter 
it  is  well  to  state,  at  the  outset,  that  in  the  ar- 
rangement of  the  Lenox  collections  no  books  are 
classed  as  rare  or  curious.  They  are  treated, 
in  fact,  from  a  practical  standpoint  only,  and 
are  arranged  according  to  their  subjects  and 
periods,  with  regard  to  the  purposes  for  which 
they  can  best  be  used. 

One  of  the  specialties  of  the  library  being 
early  American  history,  the  books  relating  to 
that  subject  which  were  printed  before  1800, 
are,  with  some  few  exceptions,  shelved  by 
themselves  in  chronological  order,  under  the 
dates  of  publication,  and  in  this  way  they  form 
a  sort  of  reserved  group,  in  which  the  rarer 


and  more  valuable  editions  are  included.  When 
they  are  called  into  use,  the  reader  is  invited 
into  a  section  of  the  reading-room  set  apart  for 
the  purpose,  and  the  books  are  placed  before 
him  on  cloth-covered  tables,  where  they  are 
used  under  supervision.  Publications  of  early 
date  in  English  literature  and  in  other  subjects 
are  arranged  in  a  similar  way,  and  are  treated 
with  equal  care. 

Many  of  the  more  valuable  books  are  re- 
served for  the  exhibition-room,  where  they  are 
placed  open  in  glass  show-cases,  which  are 
made  as  nearly  dust-tight  as  possible.  Here, 
again,  nothing  is  admitted  merely  because  it  is 
rare  or  curious.  As  the  exhibition  is  mainly  for 
educational  purposes,  the  exhibits  are  selected 
with  that  end  in  view,  and  they  are  arranged 
in  a  systematic  order. 

I  believe  that  this  feature  of  the  library  is 
one  of  the  most  practical  uses  to  which  rare 
books  can  be  put.  It  certainly  attracts  people, 
and  if  we  may  judge  by  the  thousands  who 


EAMES. 


49 


visit  the  place  every  year,  in  increasing  num- 
bers, it  must  be  appreciated  by  book-lovers 
and  educators.  There  is  a  good  deal  to  be 
learned  from  an  exhibition  of  this  kind.  Among 
those  who  come  are  teachers  with  their  classes 
and  library  schools  with  their  instructors  ;  visi- 
tors from  out  of  town  and  tourists  from  abroad ; 
and  many  with  their  note-books,  jotting  down 
the  things  they  wish  to  remember.  Indeed, 
those  who  come  once  generally  come  again 
and  bring  their  friends  with  them.  He  who  is 
interested  in  the  origin  and  history  of  printing 
will  find  the  record  fully  laid  out  before  him, 
beginning  with  the  earliest  products  of  the  art 
in  all  parts  of  the  world  ;  the  student  of  Eng- 
lish literature  can  trace  here  its  growth  from 
the  first  book  ever  printed  in  the  English  tongue 
down  to  the  days  of  Spenser,  Shakespeare,  and 
Milton  ;  the  biblical  scholar  will  see  the  ancient 
text  and  versions  of  the  scriptures,  in  their 
primitive  rolls,  parchments,  and  most  famous 
editions;  and  the  specialist  in  American  history 
will  meet  with  the  most  important  original  ma- 
terial from  the  time  of  Columbus  to  the  forma- 
tion of  our  national  government.  Some  come 
to  see  the  first  printed  book,  or  the  first  Homer, 
or  the  first  English  Bible  ;  and  others  to  look 
on  the  handwriting  of  Milton,  or  on  Jefferson's 
autograph  manuscript  of  the  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence, or  on  the  original  manuscript  of 
Washington's  Farewell  Address. 

In  this  way  we  aim  to  encourage  and  satisfy 
the  desire  of  many  to  see  the  most  famous  land- 
marks of  history  and  literature,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  save  the  volumes  from  unnecessary 
handling.  As  it  may  interest  others  to  know 
what  subjects  we  have  chosen  for  illustration 
by  means  of  rare  books,  in  the  manner  de- 
scribed, I  will  name  the  principal  of  them  here: 
ist,  ancient  manuscripts;  2d,  book  illumination 
and  miniature  painting  ;  3d,  artistic  bookbind- 
ing, principally  of  early  date;  4th,  block-books, 
or  printing  before  the  invention  of  movable 
type;  5th,  the  origin  of  typographic  printing  in 
Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa;  6th,  early  printing  in 
North  and  South  America;  7th,  early  wood- 
engraving,  copper-engraving,  and  book  illustra- 
tions; 8th,  early  educational  literature,  and 
books  for  the  instruction  of  children,  from  1450 
to  1800;  gth,  early  editions  of  the  Bible  in  vari- 
ous languages;  loth,  old  English  literature  ; 
nth,  early  voyages  and  travels  to  India  and 
the  East;  I2th,  early  maps  and  the  progress  of 
geographical  discovery;  I3th,  the  discovery, 
settlement,  and  early  history  of  America;  i4th, 


the  Indian  wars  of  New  England;  I5th,  Ameri- 
can newspapers  of  the  i8th  century;  i6th,  the 
American  stamp  act  and  Revolution;  I7th,  nota- 
ble publications  of  early  date  on  the  arts  and 
sciences;  and  i8th,  autographs  of  famous  per- 
sons. There  is  in  preparation  a  hand-list  of 
this  material,  for  the  use  of  visitors,  which  will 
contain  brief  historical  and  explanatory  notes. 

We  are  sometimes  asked  whether  exposure 
to  light  does  not  injure  the  books  and  manu- 
scripts which  lie  open  in  the  show-cases.  I 
do  not  believe  that  it  does,  if  the  sunlight  is 
avoided,  and  if  the  dust  is  not  allowed  to  get  on 
the  open  pages.  Some  of  our  volumes  and 
manuscripts  have  been  on  exhibition,  in  one 
position,  for  nearly  20  years,  and  I  doubt  if 
many  persons  could  pick  out  the  pages  that 
have  been  so  exposed  without  a  very  close  ex- 
amination. 

Rare  books,  like  other  books,  should  have 
air.  It  is  a  mistake  to  shut  them  up  behind 
glass  doors,  or  in  close  closets,  where  the  air 
cannot  circulate  behind  and  around  them.  If 
.they  must  be  locked  up  it  is  better  to  have  open 
wire  doors.  Where  the  shelves  are  not  well 
ventilated  the  books  will  mould  or  grow  musty. 
At  the  Lenox  building  we  formerly  used  glass 
doors  on  some  of  the  wall-cases,  where  the 
early  printed  books  are  kept,  but  the  glass 
frames  were  all  removed  some  years  ago,  and 
now  we  have  wire  screens  in  their  stead. 
Another  mistake,  I  think,  is  the  general  belief 
that  dust  will  injure  rare  books.  Ordinarily  it 
will  not,  for  where  there  is  plenty  of  dust  there 
is  likely  to  be  air  also.  I  have  no  doubt  that 
many  books  have  been  preserved  in  good  con- 
dition merely  by  being  well  covered  with  dust 
for  a  long  period.  There  is  much  more  danger 
from  heat  and  change  in  temperature.  During 
the  winter  season  the  hot  air  with  which  our 
building  is  heated  causes  the  vellum  bindings  to 
curl  out  and  spread  so  much  that  many  of  the 
volumes  have  to  be  tied  shut  in  order  to  keep 
them  on  the  shelves.  I  believe  that  stack- 
rooms  should  be  kept  moderately  cool  or  at  an 
even  temperature  all  the  year  round. 

Not  many  months  ago  the  librarian  of  one  of 
our  large  New  York  libraries  discovered  a  rare 
book  in  a  volume  of  I7th  century  pamphlets. 
It  was  a  fine  copy  of  the  first  English  publica- 
tion on  New  York,  a  pamphlet  that  is  worth  in 
the  market  about  $1000.  Now  this  volume  had 
been  for  a  long  time  in  the  possession  of  the  in- 
stitution referred  to,  but  having  been  put  among 
the  "rare"  or  ""curious"  books  in  the  libra- 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


rian's  office,  it  had  not  been  cataloged;  and 
being  only  a  volume  of  pamphlets  it  was  proba- 
bly not  considered  worth  cataloging. 

I  have  here  several  volumes  which  show  the 
skill  with  which  rare  books  can  be  mended. 
One  is  a  copy  of  the  "  Pilgrim's  progress," 
saved  from  the  fire  at  Sotheby's  auction-rooms 
in  London,  in  June,  1865.  The  back  of  the  vol- 
ume was  burned  entirely  away,  but  each  leaf 
has  been  pieced  out  with  a  new  back  margin 
and  the  book  made  whole  again.  Another  vol- 
ume has  been  remargined  so  skilfully,  and  the 
lost  reading-matter  supplied  in  manuscript  so 
nearly  like  the  print,  that  it  will  take  sharp  eyes 
to  discover  where  the  original  ends  and  the  fac- 
simile begins.  A  third  volume  has  one  leaf  in 
pen-and-ink  facsimile  so  well  done  that  it 
would  easily  escape  detection.  You  all  know 
how  a  leaf  of  printed  matter  can  be  split,  pre- 
serving both  sides  intact.  The  repairers  of 
rare  books  go  still  further.  They  will  take  the 
reading-matter  from  the  surface  of  an  old  title- 
page,  or  from  a  page  of  text,  and  transfer  it  in 
good  shape  to  another  sheet  of  paper,  making 
it  appear  like  the  original  page  in  good  con- 
dition. Samples  of  this  kind  of  work  may  be 
seen  in  our  library  at  New  York. 

Before  leaving  the  subject  of  rare  books,  I 
will  call  your  attention  to  a  modern  forgery  of 
Columbus's  letter,  in  Spanish,  on  the  discovery 
of  America,  consisting  of  four  leaves.  The 
paper  on  which  it  is  printed  was  evidently  made 
for  the  purpose,  in  order  to  imitate  the  water- 
mark of  the  original  edition  of  1493,  a  figure  of 
a  hand  and  star.  The  book  was  got  up  abroad 
about  four  years  ago,  at  the  time  of  the  Colum- 
bus celebration  in  this  country,  and  after  being 
bound  in  Paris  in  full  morocco  it  was  sent  to 
America  in  search  of  a  victim.  It  was  offered, 
for  sale  as  an  original,  to  the  Lenox  Library,  at 
three  different  times,  by  as  many  different  per- 
sons, and  each  time  it  was  pronounced  to  be  a 
forgery.  On  the  last  occasion  the  owner,  an 
Italian  bookseller,  came  himself,  and  at  the 
close  of  our  interview  he  pulled  the  leaves  out  of 
the  covers,  tore  them  into  small  bits,  and  then 
threw  the  pieces  into  the  waste-basket.  After 
he  had  gone  away  I  took  some  pains  to  gather 
up  the  60  or  70  fragments,  and  sent  them  to  a 
skilled  binder,  who  carefully  pieced  them  to- 
gether, and  here  the  volume  now  is,  a  unique 
specimen  of  how  rare  books  should  not  be 
made. 


NEWSPAPERS. 

Bound  files  of  newspapers  usually  get  a 
pretty  rough  handling,  and  they  are  likely  to 
suffer  much  from  mutilation  by  dishonest  read- 
ers. We  have  made  a  specialty  of  collecting 
early  American  newspapers,  and  particularly  of 
those  printed  in  the  i8th  century.  A  list  of 
this  collection  was  printed  at  the  end  of  our 
25th  annual  report,  two  years  ago,  and  this  list 
tells,  under  each  year,  from  1704  to  1800,  how 
many  numbers  of  each  paper  were  on  hand, 
and  what  months  they  cover.  I  mention  it  now 
because  it  illustrates  the  chronological  method 
of  listing  old  newspapers.  One  can  see  at  a 
glance  just  what  kind  of  material  there  is  for 
any  one  year.  We  have  found  the  plan  very 
useful. 

Since  the  list  was  printed  large  additions 
have  been  made  to  the  collection,  which  com- 
prises now  about  25,000  numbers  for  the  period 
named.  Many  of  the  papers  are  in  poor  con- 
dition; some  have  been  through  fire  and  water, 
others  are  so  worn  by  former  use  that  they 
have  to  be  handled  with  great  care,  and  all  of 
them  are  expensive.  After  consulting  the  wise 
men  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  we  decided 
to  bind  each  newspaper  file  in  yearly  volumes, 
mounting  each  leaf  on  guards,  and  interleaving 
each  number  with  a  sheet  of  stiff  paper.  In  the 
course  of  binding  different  lots  we  hit  upon  some 
improvements,  and  the  sample  volume  I  have 
here  to-day  exhibits  the  result  of  our  latest  ex- 
periments. The  binding  is  of  half  morocco, 
and  the  guards  on  which  the  leaves  are  mounted 
are  of  thin  yet  tough  paper,  set  out  far  enough 
to  let  the  leaves  lay  nearly  flat.  The  stiff 
paper  between  each  number  is  half  an  inch 
larger  all  the  way  around  than  the  newspaper 
it  protects,  so  that  in  turning  over  the  leaves  it 
is  not  necessary  to  touch  the  newspaper  at  all. 
Wherever  numbers  happen  to  be  lacking,  space 
is  reserved  in  each  case  by  putting  in  the 
guards  as  full  leaves,  any  one  of  which  can  be 
cut  down  to  a  stub  for  mounting  on  whenever 
a  missing  number  is  found.  This  arrangement 
is  the  best  we  have  been  able  to  devise  for  pre- 
serving and  protecting  the  oldest  and  most  val- 
uable class  of  newspapers.  The  cost  of  the 
binding  (Stikeman's)  is  about  $4  for  each 
volume. 

To  treat  newspapers  of  the  present  century 
in  the  same  way  would  not  be  advisable,  be- 


EAMES. 


cause  it  would  be  too  expensive.  A  moderate 
amount  of  interleaving  with  stiff  manila  paper 
could  be  recommended  in  some  cases,  when  the 
newspapers  are  not  in  good  condition.  In  our 
classification  we  have  placed  the  early  printed 
newspapers  in  a  room  by  themselves,  apart 
from  the  files  of  modern  newspapers,  and  when 
they  are  needed  for  reference,  extra  care  is  en- 
joined. Our  usage  would  favor  a  separate 
catalog  for  the  newspapers. 

BROADSIDES. 

Printed  broadsides,  leaflets,  and  single  sheets 
of  early  date  are  laid  each  one  in  a  paper  wrap- 
per, which  is  lettered  on  the  side  and  placed 
flat  with  others  in  its  proper  drawer  or  box. 
For  the  early  printed  broadsides  we  prefer  the 
chronological  arrangement  under  groups;  for 
those  of  later  date,  the  classification  of  ordinary 
books,  treating  them  with  reference  to  their 
local  interest  in  many  cases;  and  we  would 
catalog  each  piece  as  if  it  were  a  book. 

MAPS. 

Loose  maps  and  plans  are  treated  in  a  manner 
like  the  broadsides.  Dividing  them  into  two 
sizes,  those  under  and  those  over  2%  by  2  feet, 
our  usual  plan  is  to  place  each  map  by  itself  in 
a  paper  wrapper,  of  one  or  the  other  size,  on 
the  back  margin  of  which  is  written  its  title  and 
distinctive  mark.  They  are  then  arranged  in 
geographical  or  alphabetical  order,  in  case- 
drawers  made  for  the  purpose,  which  we  prefer 
to  portfolios.  Folded  maps  in  covers,  and 
maps  on  rollers,  should  in  most  cases  be  pre- 
served as  they  are,  and  be  arranged  by  them- 
selves. We  would  recommend  a  separate  cata- 
log for  maps  and  atlases,  indexing  each  map 
of  the  atlases. 

ENGRAVINGS. 

Where  there  is  a  large  number  of  engravings 
it  is  advisable  to  have  a  separate  room  for  their 
accommodation.  They  will  naturally  divide 
into  distinct  groups,  which  will  require  differ- 
ent treatment,  suited  to  their  character  and  size. 
Portraits  will  have  one  order  of  arrangement; 
views  will  have  another;  works  of  certain  en- 
gravers and  artists  will  need  to  be  kept  together; 
and  other  groups  will  be  necessary  according 
to  the  size  of  the  collection. 

Strong  flat  pasteboard  boxes  are  excellent  for 
engravings  of  medium  and  small  size.  Where 


portfolios  are  used  for  large  engravings,  sepa- 
rate wrappers  of  stiff  paper  will  be  found  a  good 
protection.  Many  of  the  engraved  portraits  in 
the  Emmet  collection,  belonging  to  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  are  bound  together  in 
volumes,  according  to  their  sizes,  and  in  alpha- 
betical order.  It  is  a  good  plan  to  catalog  all 
prints  and  drawings  by  themselves. 

Collections  of  books  that  have  been  brought 
together  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the  work 
of  some  particular  engraver,  like  Hollar,  Ver- 
tue,  Bewick,  and  Cruikshank,  or  our  own  An- 
derson and  Darley,  should  be  kept  intact  and  in 
a  place  by  themselves,  as  far  as  possible. 

ANNOTATED   BOOKS. 

Books  which  are  made  valuable  by  the  au- 
tographs or  manuscript  annotations  of  famous 
persons,  or  even  by  their  book-plates,  should 
be  given  a  place  of  their  own,  if  it  is  desired  to 
have  them  treated  with  care.  We  have  put 
books  of  this  kind  in  our  manuscript  depart- 
ment. 

EXTRA   ILLUSTRATED   BOOKS. 

Another  class  requiring  special  treatment  con- 
sists of  books  that  have  been  extended  beyond 
their  original  form  by  the  insertion  of  extrane- 
ous matter  in  the  shape  of  autograph  letters, 
portraits,  views,  and  other  engravings.  This 
class  we  have  also  placed  in  the  manuscript  de- 
partment. The  method  which  we  follow  in  in- 
dexing the  inserted  material  will  be  described 
under  the  next  division. 

MANUSCRIPTS. 

I  can  add  but  little  of  interest  to  Mr.  Frieden- 
wald's  remarks  on  the  care  of  manuscripts. 
We  have  in  our  collection  at  the  Lenox  build- 
ing somewhere  between  10,000  and  20,000  manu- 
scripts, mostly  relating  to  American  and  Eng- 
lish history,  and  a  separate  department  has 
been  organized  for  this  portion  of  the  library. 
Four  rooms  are  set  apart  for  the  purpose,  one  of 
which  is  used  for  cataloging  manuscripts.  The 
bound  manuscripts  fill  from  700  to  800  volumes. 
The  loose  material,  which  comprises  several 
thousand  pieces,  is  arranged  in  drawer  cases. 
Groups  of  manuscripts  which  are  bound  to- 
gether, or  which  belong  together,  are  given 
some  distinctive  mark,  like  the  Emmet  Manu- 
scripts, the  Adams  Papers,  the  Gates  Papers, 
the  Madison  Papers,  etc.  The  other  loose  letters 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


and  documents  are  arranged  alphabetically  un- 
der the  names  of  the  writers,  or  under  the  head- 
ings by  which  they  would  be  cataloged.  Some 
of  the  manuscripts  are  inlaid  on  uniform  sheets 
of  paper,  and  those  which  are  not  are  placed 
in  paper  wrappers,  to  be  lettered  on  the  outside. 
In  speaking  of  the  extra  illustrated  books,  I 
mentioned  our  method  of  indexing  the  material. 
Those  of  you  who  have  seen  the  New  York 
Public  Library  Bulletin  may  have  noticed  the 
analytical  indexes  of  the  Emmet  volumes.  In 
each  recent  number  of  the  Bulhtin  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  contents  of  one  of  these  volumes. 
There  are  about  70  of  them  in  all,  large  folios 
and  quartos,  relating  to  American  history  be- 
fore 1800.  Each  volume  contains  from  50  to  100 
manuscripts,  and  about  the  same  number  of 
portraits,  views,  or  other  illustrative  documents, 
arranged  in  a  systematic  order.  For  instance, 
in  the  volume  on  the  members  of  the  Continent- 
al Congress  from  Pennsylvania,  under  each 
member  will  be  found  his  portrait  in  one  or 
more  varieties,  then  perhaps  a  view  of  his  res- 
idence, and  finally  one  or  two  or  three  letters 


in  his  handwriting.  In  indexing  this  material, 
form-headings  in  italic  are  prefixed  to  most 
of  the  catalog  headings,  which  are  in  heavy- 
faced  type.  These  form-headings  indicate  at 
once  whether  the  title  following  is  of  a  letter, 
or  portrait,  or  view,  or  something  else.  At  the 
end  of  each  title  is  the  number  of  that  particu- 
lar document  in  the  Emmet  collection.  Each 
other  special  collection  of  manuscripts  has  its 
own  series  of  numbers.  These  titles  are  cut 
and  mounted  on  cards  for  the  general  cata- 
log of  manuscripts. 

I  have  thus  attempted  to  give  an  outline  of 
the  treatment  of  some  special  collections  under 
our  care.  Many  of  the  problems  of  this  nature 
have  to  be  decided  according  to  the  means  at 
hand,  and  each  one  must,  to  a  certain  degree, 
work  them  out  for  himself.  I  know  that  we 
will  gladly  welcome  any  method  or  device  that 
will  simplify  our  work  in  this  line,  and  if  others 
think  they  can  benefit  in  any  way  by  our  ex- 
perience, we  shall  certainly  be  glad  to  give  all 
the  information  in  our  power. 


THE  CARE  OF  MANUSCRIPTS. 


BY    HERBERT   FRIEDENWALD,    PH.D. 


"VT  O  object  that  has  ever  had  connection  with 
the  life  of  a  man  of  renown  bears  so 
personal  a  relation  to  him  as  a  piece  of  his 
manuscript.  No  treasures  that  come  to  a  li- 
brary are  so  precious  as  its  manuscript  collec- 
tions. They  are  usually  unique,  and  in  but 
few  instances  have  ever  seen  the  light  of  the 
printer's  day.  Even  where  that  has  happened 
their  value  is  not  decreased,  in  that  the  manu- 
script must  ever  remain  the  final  authority,  the 
ultimate  appeal,  in  cases  of  disputed  rendering 
of  the  originals.  In  the  case  of  scientific  works 
of  great  importance  they  are  often  of  inestima- 
ble value  for  indicating  the  development  of  the 
author's  ideas,  and  of  the  method  of  their  ex- 
pression, while  the  work  as  printed  gives  but  a 
presentation  of  the  completed  thought. 

RESTORATION. 

It  is  proper  and  necessary,  therefore,  that 
manuscripts  should  be  given  a  special  and  differ- 
ent care  from  that  accorded  even  the  rarest 
books.  The  latter,  by  means  of  substantial  or 


extravagant  bindings,  may  readily  be  put  in  a 
way  to  last  for  all  time.  Far  more  attention, 
however,  must  be  bestowed  upon  manuscripts. 

Where  they  are  received  already  restored, 
mounted  and  bound,  the  problem  of  their  care 
is  much  simplified,  and  resolves  itself  into  the 
elements  of  stamping,  cataloging,  and  shelving. 
But  when  manuscripts  are  purchased  or  donated 
in  a  condition  that  means  increased  injury  after 
every  handling,  they  must  be  restored,  as  near- 
ly as  may  be,  to  their  original  state  and  made 
proof  against  further  damage.  For,  in  view  of 
the  constantly  increasing  estimate  put  upon  the 
value  of  original  material,  it  must  be  expected 
that  a  manuscript  will  be  called  for  and  con- 
sulted with  as  great  frequency  as  one  of  the 
rarer  books.  They  should,  therefore,  be  so  put 
in  order  that  access  to  them  is  obtainable  when- 
ever properly  in  demand,  and  that  they  may  be 
used  without  injury. 

The  first  step,  consequently,  is  the  restora- 
tion of  the  manuscript.  For  it  is  no  longer 
thought  proper  to  simply  paste  it  in  a  book, 


FRIEDENWALD. 


53 


without  regard  to  whether  the  edges  be  ragged 
and  the  body  be  stained  and  crease-marked  or 
not.  Nor  does  the  process  of  restoration  mere- 
ly mean  piecing  out  the  torn  edges  by  pasting 
on  bits  of  paper,  nor  yet  filling  up  the  holes  in 
similar  manner. 

The  work  is  begun  by  selecting  from  a  stock 
of  old  paper  a  piece  of  the  color,  and,  as  nearly 
as  possible,  of  the  texture  of  the  paper  of  the 
document  itself.  It  is  then  placed  on  a  lithog- 
rapher's stone  and  moistened,  when  necessary, 
in  order  to  remove  the  creases.  The  pieces 
that  are  to  be  attached  are  cut  of t  the  proper 
size,  and,  with  an  instrument  resembling  a  shoe- 
maker's awl,  have  their  edges  shaved  down  to 
their  thinnest  proportions.  They  are  then  skil- 
fully fitted  and  pasted  to  the  manuscript,  with  a 
paste  the  chief  ingredient  of  which  is  rice  flour. 
The  unnecessary  paste  is  then  washed  off,  the 
manuscript  is  put  between  sheets  of  paper, 
which  in  turn  are  placed  between  other  sheets 
of  blotting-paper  to  absorb  the  moisture,  and 
thus  surrounded,  it  is  put  under  great  pressure 
in  a  letterpress,  where  it  is  allowed  to  remain 
for  several  days.  Without  calling  the  latter 
into  requisition  all  the  other  work  would  count 
for  nothing. 

Had  the  manuscript  been  otherwise  weak, 
a  more  vigorous  treatment  would  have  been 
requisite.  Were  the  paper  exceptionally  thin 
and  almost  brittle,  it  would  have  been  necessary 
to  strengthen  it  by  attaching  either  transparent 
linen  tracing-cloth  or  ordinary  paraffine  paper 
used  by  florists,  to  the  whole  of  the  manu- 
script. To  prevent  curling  the  material  in- 
tended to  strengthen  should  in  any  event  be 
attached  to  both  sides  of  the  sheets.  The 
paraffine  paper  gives  as  satisfactory  results  as 
the  heavier  linen  cloth,  and  is  much  less  clumsy 
in  appearance.  I  have  seen  documents  that 
before  restoration  in  this  manner  were  so  fragile 
as  to  almost  crumble  at  a  touch,  yet  which  bore 
the  appearance  of  having  been  treated  to  a  coat 
of  shellac  rather  than  having  been  put  through 
any  other  process.  The  letterpress  must  in  any 
event  be  used,  since  it  acts  as  a  splint  in  cases 
of  fracture,  enabling  the  parts  to  knit  in  as 
nearly  normal  a  manner  as  possible,  with  no 
shrinking  or  dislocation. 

STAMPING. 

The  manuscript  must  now  be  stamped,  hav- 
ing thus  been  restored  to  its  youthful  appear- 
ance by  the  application  of  this  elixir  of  life. 


A  diversity  of  opinion  still  exists  respecting 
the  advisability  of  stamping  valuable  manu- 
scripts. As  the  object  to  be  attained,  however, 
is  the  prevention  of  the  theft  or  disposal  of  the 
manuscripts,  this  can  best  be  brought  about  by 
the  use  of  a  stamp.  For  various  reasons,  not 
the  least  of  which  is  the  little  injury  it  does  the 
manuscript,  the  embossing  stamp  is  to  be  pre- 
ferred. The  size  should  not  be  too  great ;  it 
should,  of  course,  contain  the  name  of  the  in- 
stitution to  which  it  belongs,  and  where  possi- 
ble, for  convenience"  sake,  the  designation  of 
the  series  or  collection  of  which  it  forms  a  part. 
Room  should  also  be  left  for  the  addition  of  the 
number  of  the  manuscript. 

MOUNTING  AND   BINDING. 

The  next  proceeding  is  that  of  mounting  and 
binding.  The  first  question  that  looms  into 
prominence  here  is  that  of  the  proportions  of 
the  volumes.  The  sheets  upon  which  the  man- 
uscripts are  to  be  mounted  must  have  ample 
but  not  too  large  margins  ;  and  as  manuscripts 
vary  in  size  even  when  belonging  to  the  same 
collection,  each  volume  should  be  sufficiently 
large  to  hold  the  largest  manuscripts  without 
folding.  Uniformity  of  size  where  documents 
belong  to  the  same  series  must  also  be  main- 
tained wherever  possible.  Great  care  should 
be  taken  to  have  the  volumes  of  light  weight 
even  at  the  risk  of  increasing  the  number 
rather  than  few  and  consequently  heavy  and 
bulky.  For  the  amount  of  abuse  a  volume  re- 
ceives is  in  proportion  to  the  effort  required  in 
order  to  handle  it.  If  the  document  forms  part 
of  a  collection  that  is  constantly  on  the  increase, 
some  form  of  binding  should  be  utilized  that 
is  out  of  the  ordinary.  A  flexible  binder  of  the 
nature  of  that  devised  by  the  lamented  Dr. 
Stone,  late  librarian  of  the  Historical  Society 
of  Pennsylvania,  should  be  used.  This,  while 
giving  stability  to  the  collection,  yet  permits 
of  the  extraction  or  addition  of  individual 
sheets  whenever  the  occasion  requires  it. 

When  it  is  found  necessary  to  remove  old 
bindings,  that  have  at  one  time  been  put  about 
manuscripts,  they  should  not  be  destroyed,  but 
should  be  carefully  preserved  for  purposes 
of  reference.  And  when  taken  apart  the 
backs  of  the  old  bindings  should  be  carefully 
examined,  for  occasions  are  not  infrequent 
when  valuable  manuscript  or  printed  material 
has  thus  been  found. 

The  question  of  caring  for  individual  manu- 


54 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE, 


scripts,  such  as  letters  and  documents  of  that 
nature,  having  but  a  slight  connection  with  the 
rest  of  the  collections,  is  one  that  also  requires 
attention.  When  not  suitable  for  purposes  of 
exhibition  (to  which  by  reason  of  their  detached 
nature  they  often  particularly  well  lend  them- 
selves) they  should  be  put  away  in  cardboard 
boxes  or  in  heavy  envelopes  made  of  inanila 
paper.  These  should  be  of  convenient  size 
and  should  be  suitably  labelled.  The  manu- 
scripts must,  of  course,  first  have  been  restored 
and  mounted,  and  they  may  then  safely  remain 
thus  cared  for  until  the  opportunity  arises  for 
binding  them  with  other  manuscripts. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

The  classification  of  manuscripts  permits  of 
development  somewhat  on  the  lines  of  that  of 
books.  But  as  no  two  collections  are  ever  alike, 
each  keeper  must  necessarily  devise  a  system  of 
classification  suitable  to  the  conditions  under 
which  he  is  working.  An  alphabetical  designa- 
tion may  prove  convenient,  or  else,  as  is  often 
done,  some  special  distinctive  symbol  may  be 
utilized  to  characterize  the  individual  collec- 
tions. 

The  enumeration  of  the  pieces  may  be  by 
series  or  may  embrace  the  collection  as  a  whole. 
The  latter  mode  has  much  to  recommend  it,  in 
that  it  gives  a  convenient  means  of  reference 
in  supplement  to  the  alphabetical  or  special 
designation.  For  each  piece  is  thus  given  an 
individuality  of  its  own  and  at  the  same  time  a 
definite  place  in  the  collection. 

In  the  shelving  and  storing  of  manuscripts 
too  great  care  cannot  be  exercised.  They 
should  of  course  be  put  in  a  fireproof  vault  or 
chamber,  or  where  the  building  is  fireproof  in 
a  section  or  department  by  themselves.  As  an 
extra  precaution  against  dust  and  other  destruc- 
tive processes,  they  should  be  kept  under  glass 
or  in  dust-proof  drawers,  and  always  under 
lock  and  key. 

CATALOGING. 

In  cataloging  some  distinctive  mark  or  sym- 
bol must  be  used  to  indicate  at  a  glance  that 
the  reference  is  to  a  volume  or  a  document  in 
the  manuscript  department.  For  this  purpose 
the  ordinary  mss.  symbol  will  answer  as  well  as 
any  other.  The  cards  should  be  kept  separated 
from  the  book-cards  in  order  that  the  distinc- 
tion may  be  all  the  more  marked.  As  the  col- 


lections are  so  entirely  different,  from  the 
others  in  the  library  there  is  no  need  to  com- 
plicate matters  by  distributing  the  manuscript 
cards  among  the  other  cards. 

The  title  upon  the  card  should  consist  of  the 
name  of  the  collection  of  which  the  document 
forms  a  part.  If  the  document  be  a  letter,  as 
is  often  the  case,  there  should  follow  the  name 
of  the  writer  and  the  name  of  the  person  to 
whom  the  letter  is  addressed,  with  the  date  and 
place  of  writing.  Then  should  come  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  size  and  the  number  of  pages.  If  in 
a  foreign  language,  the  language  should  be  in- 
dicated, as  also  the  character  of  the  material 
upon  which  the  manuscript  is  written.  If  a 
signed  letter  or  an  autograph  letter,  the  com- 
monly used  abbreviation  L.  S.  or  A.  L.  S. 
should  be  added.  The  cross-references  should 
be  to  the  name  of  the  writer  and  that  of  the  re- 
cipient. 

In  the  case  of  literary  or  scientific  manuscripts 
of  considerable  bulk  (most  often  of  books  al- 
ready published)  the  ordinary  method  of  book 
cataloging  with  the  manuscript  department 
symbol  added  may  be  resorted  to.  In  the  mar- 
gin of  the  card  should  be  put  the  designation  of 
the  series  with  the  number  of  the  document, 
and  as  well,  if  the  document  cataloged  be  one 
in  a  large  number  of  volumes  of  that  series, 
the  number  of  the  volume  and  the  page  on 
which  it  may  be  found,  when  the  latter  is  nec- 
essary. 

EXHIBITION. 

No  part  of  the  care  of  manuscripts  is  more 
interesting  and  at  the  same  time  more  valuable 
from  the  point  of  view  of  attracting  gifts  and 
deposits  than  that  of  their  exhibition.  The 
glass  cases  to  be  used  for  this  purpose  should 
be  specially  designed  and  constructed  to  meet 
the  conditions  of  light  and  size,  etc.,  of  the  ex- 
hibition-room. But  too  little  attention  has 
been  paid  to  this  important  branch  of  the  care 
of  manuscripts.  And  by  reason  of  the  special 
knowledge  required  in  order  that  manuscripts 
may  be  exhibited  to  the  best  advantage,  the 
question  of  their  installation  should  not  be  en- 
tered upon  until  after  careful  consultation  with 
museum  experts.  For  the  many  points  of  ad- 
vantageous light,  of  height,  and  depth,  and 
width  of  the  cases,  can  best  be  looked  after  by 
those  who  have  been  specially  trained  for  this 
work. 

Whenever    manuscripts    are   exhibited   they 


HARRIS. 


55 


should  be  accompanied  by  carefully-prepared 
labels  printed  on  cards  and  in  a  clearly  legible 
type. 

CALENDARING. 

With  his  collections  well  bound  and  cared 
for,  no  keeper  should  rest  satisfied  until  a 
calendar  of  them,  at  least,  is  in  print.  This 
holds  particularly  true  in  our  country  and  of 
the  manuscripts  relating  to  its  history.  Its 
vast  extent  and  the  consequent  wide  distribu- 
tion of  collections  makes  it  impossible  that  the 
historical  student  can  have  access  to  more  than 
a  small  portion  of  those  he  desires  to  consult. 
If  anything  can  be  accomplished,  therefore,  by 
this  means,  to  lighten  his  labors  and  enable 
him  to  perfect  his  work,  it  should  be  done. 

The  calendar  form  need  not  be  adhered  to 
too  vigorously,  for  the  dull  page  may  occasion- 
ally be  enlivened  by  a  brief  quotation  from  an 
important  manuscript.  A  few  words  thus 
taken  from  the  original  document  often  express 
the  idea  it  is  desired  to  convey  far  better  than 
an  abstract.  Nor  will  the  calendar  be  complete 
unless  the  language  in  which  the  manuscript  is 
written  and  its  size  and  number  of  pages  be 


indicated.  For  convenience  in  reference  to  the 
original  the  designating  mark  belonging  to  the 
manuscript  should  be  appended.  Nor  should 
an  index  be  overlooked. 

CONCLUSION. 

None  but  persons  known  to  the  one  in  charge 
of  the  manuscripts,  or  those  who  come  to  him 
well  accredited,  should  be  permitted  to  have 
access  to  them.  And  if  copies  are  allowed  to 
be  made,  it  were  best  that  by  reason  of  the 
carelessness  of  some,  all  be  put  to  a  slight  in- 
convenience, and  that  no  ink  be  allowed  to  be 
used. 

When  it  is  known  that  collections  are  thus 
carefully  guarded  and  preserved  in  so  pains- 
taking a  manner,  their  increase  will  result  from 
the  diffusion  of  this  information.  For  persons 
who  have  manuscripts  to  dispose  of,  and  who 
desire  to  give  or  deposit  them  where  they  will 
be  put  beyond  the  range  of  injury,  will  natu- 
rally give  them  into  the  care  of  such  institutions 
as  best  care  for  them,  as  best  exhibit  them,  and 
where  they  can  be  made  of  the  greatest  use  by 
the  greatest  number. 


NOTES   ON   THE    GOVERNMENT   AND   CONTROL   OF   COLLEGE 

LIBRARIES. 


BY   GEORGE   WILLIAM    HARRIS,    LIBRARIAN   OF  CORNELL  UNIVERSITY. 


T  DO  not  design  to  make  an  extended  re- 
port on  this  subject,  but  rather  some  brief 
remarks  that  may  serve  as  a  means  of  pro- 
moting discussion.  Accordingly,  I  will  not 
attempt  to  trace  the  great  development  in  col- 
lege libraries  that  has  taken  place  in  the  last 
30  years,  or  the  influence  that  development  has 
had  upon  the  methods  of  government  and  con. 
trol.  Neither  have  I  any  general  theory  for 
the  management  and  control  of  college  libra- 
ries. I  simply  purpose  to  take  the  college  li- 
brary as  it  is  to-day,  and  ask  you  to  bear  in 
mind  the  fact  that  primarily  and  chiefly  the  col- 
lege library  is  intended  for  the  use  and  conven- 
ience of  the  professors  and  students  of  the  col- 
lege with  which  it  is  connected.  However 
desirable  and  praiseworthy  it  may  be  to  open 
wide  its  doors  to  the  general  public  and  to  give 
free  access  to  books,  such  access  and  such  use 
of  the  college  library  by  the  public  must  be 


considered  as  a  matter  of  favor  and  courtesy,  to 
be  granted  only  in  so  far  as  it  does  not  inter- 
fere with  the  convenience  of  those  who  are 
primarily  entitled  to  the  use  of  the  library. 

As  I  said,  I  have  no  general  theory  to  pro- 
pose. What  I  do  propose  to  lay  before  you  is 
simply  the  concrete  example  of  the  method  of 
government  and  control  which  is  in  force  at  the 
library  of  Cornell  University.  I  do  not  think 
I  can  bring  the  matter  before  you  in  any  better 
way  than  by  quoting  that  section  of  the  statutes 
of  Cornell  University  which  deals  with  the 
university  library.  The  section  is  as  follows: 

"  I.  The  general  care  and  supervision  of  the 
University  Library  is  entrusted  to  a  Library 
Council.  This  council  consists  of  the  presi- 
dent of  the  University,  who  shall  be  ex  officio 
chairman  of  the  council,  and  librarian,  or,  in 
his  absence,  the  acting  librarian,  and  five 
elected  members,  one  of  whom  shall  be  elected 
by  the  executive  committee  and  four  by  the 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


general  faculty.  The  election  of  members 
shall  take  place  annually  as  near  the  beginning 
of  the  collegiate  year  as  may  be  practicable. 
Persons  elected  shall  hold  office  till  their  suc- 
cessors are  chosen. 

"  2.  For  the  election  of  members  from  the 
faculty,  that  body  shall  be  divided  into  two 
groups,  and  each  group  at  the  first  election 
after  the  adoption  of  this  statute  shall  elect  two 
members,  one  of  whom  shall  hold  office  for  one 
year  and  one  for  two  years,  the  term  of  each 
being  determined  by  lot.  Each  year  thereafter 
one  member  shall  be  elected  annually  by  each 
group  for  two  years. 

"3.  The  two  groups  for  the  election  of 
members  shall  be  constituted  as  follows,  viz.: 
i.  the  group  of  science;  2.  the  group  of  let- 
ters. The  group  of  science  for  the  purposes 
of  this  act  shall  be  deemed  to  include  those 
members  of  the  general  faculty  who  give  in- 
struction in  the  departments  of  agriculture, 
architecture,  civil  engineering,  mechanical  and 
electrical  engineering,  mathematics,  physics, 
chemistry,  physical  culture,  military  tactics, 
and  the  several  branches  of  natural  history. 
The  group  of  letters  shall  be  deemed  to  in- 
clude those  members  of  the  faculty  who  give 
instruction  in  the  departments  of  the  several 
languages,  of  history  and  political  science,  and 
of  philosophy  and  ethics.  In  each  of  the 
groups  the  election  shall  be  by  ballot,  and  the 
result  of  the  ballot  shall  be  communicated  to 
the  executive  committee  by  the  secretary  of 
the  faculty.  In  case  a  member  of  the  faculty 
should  be  a  member  of  both  groups,  he  may 
choose  the  group  in  which  he  will  act,  and  he 
may  vote  and  be  voted  for  in  that  group  and 
not  in  the  other. 

"4.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of 'the  Library  Council 
to  apportion  the  book  funds  between  the  various 
departments  of  instruction  as  may  best  accord 
with  the  interests  of  the  University,  and  to  rec- 
ommend and  submit  to  the  trustees  for  their 
approval  all  questions  pertaining  to  the  appor- 
tionment of  the  funds,  binding,  cataloguing, 
and  in  general,  to  all  accommodations,  arrange- 
ments and  rules  for  the  administration  of  the 
library.  After  the  apportionment  of  the  book 
funds  each  year  shall  have  been  approved  by 
the  executive  committee,  the  treasurer  shall 
be  authorized,  unless  otherwise  instructed,  to 
purchase  books  approved  by  the  council,  not 
exceeding  the  amount  of  the  appropriation  ;  but 
no  subordinate  shall  be  employed,  salaries  paid, 
or  expenses  of  any  kind  incurred  which  shall 
not  first  have  been  approved  by  the  executive 
committee,  and  after  an  appropriation  duly 
made  by  them.  All  business  of  a  financial 
character  shall  be  transacted  through  the  treas- 
urer of  the  University. 

"5.  The  duties  of  the  librarian  shall  be  to 
take  charge  of  the  internal  administration  of 
the  library,  and,  with  his  subordinates,  to  keep 
it  in  complete  working  order  for  the  use  of  pro- 
fessors, students,  and  others  entitled  to  it ;  to 
conduct  its  correspondence  ;  to  make  an  annual 
report  to  the  president  of  its  condition,  and  of 


all  additions  to  it  ;  and  to  perform  such  other 
duties  as  may  be  imposed  upon  him  from  time 
to  time  by  the  trustees. 

"  6.  The  librarian  and  president  have  power 
to  approve  orders,  signed  by  the  professors  at 
the  head  of  the  departments,  for  ordinary 
working  books,  but  shall  refer  to  the  council 
all  orders  for  costly  or  otherwise  exceptional 
books." 

In  regard  to  the  election  of  members  of  the 
council  from  the  faculty,  the  original  statute 
provided  the  faculty  should  be  divided  into  four 
groups  and  each  group  should  elect  a  member 
each  year  ;  natural  and  physical  science  and 
technical  science  forming  the  two  groups  of 
what  is  now  the  group  of  science  :  philology 
and  literature  one  group,  and  history  and  polit- 
ical science  and  philosophy  the  other.  The  re- 
sult of  that  plan  was  that  there  was  no  continu- 
ity in  the  council.  Every  year,  as  a  rule,  four 
new  members  were  elected  by  the  faculty  in 
these  groups.  These  came  into  the  council 
quite  new  to  the  work,  and  it  involved  some 
loss  of  time  in  explaining  to  them  what  had 
been  the  principles  governing  the  action  of  the 
council  in  the  past.  So  this  modification  was 
made,  the  faculty  was  divided  into  two  groups, 
and  members  elected  hold  office  for  two  years, 
one  member  for  each  group  being  elected  in 
alternate  years.  By  that  means  we  do  attain 
a  certain  continuity  in  the  policy  of  the  coun- 
cil. 

This  council  is  a  representative  body  ;  the 
trustees  of  the  university  are  represented  by 
one  member  elected  from  their  number,  and  by 
the  president  of  the  university,  who  is,  ex  officio 
a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees.  The  facul- 
ty are  represented  by  four  members,  and  the  li- 
brary is  represented  by  the  librarian.  You  will 
perceive  that  while  the  immediate  care  and 
management  of  the  library  affairs  is  entrusted 
to  the  library  council,  all  their  action  is  subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  board  of  trustees,  the  board  of  trustees 
being  supreme  authority  in  all  matters  of  uni- 
versity administration,  and  the  university  trus- 
tees holding  the  strings  of  the  purse. 

One  of  the  principal  functions  of  the  library 
council  is  to  apportion  the  book  funds  among 
the  various  departments.  In  1891  a  plan  of  dis- 
tribution of  the  book  fund  was  adopted  by  the 
council,  based  upon  the  principle  of  giving 
recognition,  in  the  general  list  of  departments, 
to  all  subjects  taught,  and  adding  a  few  sub- 
jects not  thus  cared  for ;  thus  recognizing  all 


HARRIS. 


57 


subjects  by  a  small  appropriation,  and  yet 
maintaining  the  principle  of  keeping  the  ex- 
penditure for  this  list  within  about  one-third  of 
the  total  expenditure.  The  need  for  books, 
however,  is  not  in  proportion  to  the  officers  of 
instruction,  nor  is  it  possible  to  state  justly  the 
relative  importance  of  subjects  to  each  other. 
Weak  or  neglected  departments  must  be  treated 
on  different  grounds  from  some  others.  There- 
fore it  was  believed  that  this  could  be  best 
managed  by  leaving  the  reserve  fund  large,  to 
be  assigned  at  the  wisdom  of  the  council  to  the 
departments  making  the  strongest  requests.  It 
was  resolved  that  this  system  should  be  ex- 
plained by  a  statement  sent  to  each  officer  at 
the  beginning  of  the  year,  and  that  no  grants 
should  be  made  from  the  reserve  fund  before 
November  15  of  each  year.  The  funds  at 
the  disposal  of  the  council  for  the  purchase  of 
books  and  periodicals  amount  to  about  $15,000 
or  $16,000  a  year.  For  the  year  1896-97  the 
sum  available  was  $16,729  as  the  income  of  the 
Sage  Endowment  Fund  for  the  increase  of  the 
library.  For  this  year  the  sum  distributed 
among  the  departments  is  $5675.  The  sum  as- 
signed to  the  periodical  list  for  the  current  year 
was  increased  from  $2800  to  a  sum  not  to  ex- 
ceed $3000.  Then  in  recognition  of  the  need 
of  supplementing  the  grants  to  specific  de- 
partments by  a  fund  from  which  purchases  of 
works  not  properly  falling  within  any  one  of 
these  departments,  but  important  and  necessary 
for  the  general  usefulness  and  symmetrical  de- 
velopment of  the  library  might  be  made,  it  was 
voted  that  a  discretionary  fund  of  $1000  be 
placed  at  the  disposition  of  the  librarian  for  the 
purchase  of  such  works.  Another  fund  of 
$1000  was  placed  at  the  disposition  of  the  li- 
brarian for  the  purpose  of  filling  up  incom- 
plete sets  of  periodicals,  which,  in  a  new  library 
which  has  reached  its  25th  or  26th  year,  are 
considerable  in  number.  After  making  these 
various  appropriations  there  remained  at  the 
disposal  of  the  council  a  reserve  fund  of  $6074 
for  strengthening  weak  or  neglected  depart- 
ments. 

The  first  meeting  of  the  council  in  the  year  is 
held  usually  about  the  beginning  of  October, 
but  by  this  provision  no  grants  are  made  from 
the  reserve  fund  before  the  isth  of  November, 
in  order  that  the  departments  may  look  over 
the  ground  and  see  what  their  needs  are  for  the 
year  and  present  their  statement  to  the  council. 


And  in  that  way  no  one  department  is  likely  to 
get  an  advantage  over  another. 

Worth  noting  is  another  modification  intro- 
duced after  the  original  statute  was  passed. 
The  original  statute  provided  the  list  of  works 
approved  by  the  council  should  also  be  submit- 
ted to  the  trustees.  That  was  done  once,  but 
the  trustees  said  :  "We  know  nothing  about 
these  lists  ;  we  cannot  judge  ;  if  the  council 
approves  them  that  is  sufficient."  So  it  was 
modified  by  providing  in  the  statute  that, 
after  the  council  had  apportioned  these  funds 
and  that  apportionment  had  been  approved  by 
the  executive  committee,  the  treasurer  was 
authorized  to  purchase  books  approved  by  the 
council.  Then  at  first,  the  council  thought  it 
wise  to  look  over  the  list  of  books  submitted  by 
the  various  departments,  but  that  was  soon 
found  to  be  a  laborious  undertaking  which 
consumed  a  great  deal  of  time;  so  that  was 
modified  by  the  insertion  of  the  provision  that 
orders  from  the  heads  of  departments  for 
books  might  be  approved  by  the  president  and 
librarian  and  that  was  sufficient  for  ordinary 
books.  Exceptional  cases  arise.  For  instance, 
I  have  one  in  mind  where  the  head  of  a  depart- 
ment asked  for  the  purchase  of  50  copies  of  a 
text-book  for  reference  for  a  class.  That  I 
considered  not  an  ordinary  work,  and  it  was 
referred  to  the  council  and  promptly  disallowed. 
Very  few  cases  of  that  sort  have  occurred. 

The  relations  of  the  librarian  with  the  coun- 
cil have  always  been  of  the  pleasantest  and 
most  cordial  character,  and  any  matter  in  rea- 
son which  the  librarian  recommends  is  pretty 
sure  to  meet  with  the  approval  and  support  of 
the  council.  And  in  dealing  with  the  board  of 
trustees,  and  especially  with  regard  to  ques- 
tions which  involve  expenditures  of  money,  it 
is  a  great  help  and  a  satisfaction  for  the  libra- 
rian to  be  able  to  go  to  the  trustees  with  a  report 
which  has  the  endorsement  and  approval  of  the 
library  council  which  contains  representatives 
from  the  board  of  trustees  itself  as  well  as 
members  of  the  faculty. 

So  far  as  the  appointment  of  subordinates  is 
concerned,  in  my  experience  I  have  been  left  a 
perfectly  free  hand  and  have  made  my  own 
selections,  and  those  selections  have  always 
been  approved  and  ratified  by  the  council  and 
by  the  trustees.  The  system  certainly  has  this 
merit:  that  it  works  smoothly  and  satisfactorily, 
and  has  now  been  in  use  for  16  or  17  years. 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


THE    LONDON    INTERNATIONAL   CONFERENCE   ON   A   CATALOG 
OF   SCIENTIFIC   LITERATURE.* 

BY  CYRUS  ADLER,   LIBRARIAN  OK  THE  SMITHSONIAN   INSTITUTION. 


*T*HERE  was  held  in  London  last  summer, 
from  the  i4th  to  the  tyth  of  July,  a  con- 
ference known  as  the  International  Biblio- 
graphical Conference.  I  am  sorry  that  I  can- 
not speak  of  that  meeting  from  personal  knowl- 
edge, as  I  was  not  present.  In  the  preparation 
of  this  statement  I  have  had  to  aid  me  the  two 
official  publications  of  the  conference  together 
with  all  the  antecedent  documents.  I  have  also 
had  some  personal  information  from  Dr.  Bil- 
ings  and  Professor  Newcomb,  the  gentlemen 
who  represented  the  United  States  at  the  con- 
ference, and  I  have  had  access  to  the  official 
files  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Before  taking  up  the  question  itself,  it  may  be 
well  to  say  a  word  or  two  in  regard  to  the  his- 
tory of  indexing  scientific  literature.  It  is  no 
small  satisfaction  to  us  that  the  first  impulse 
toward  this  work  came  from  the  United  States. 
In  1854  or  1855  Professor  Henry,  secretary  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  suggested  such  a 
scheme  to  the  British  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science,  and  the  Association  ap- 
pointed for  its  consideration  a  committee  con- 
sisting entirely  of  fellows  of  the  Royal  Society. 
Ten  years  afterwards  the  Royal  Society  took 
up  the  cataloging  of  scientific  papers  from  the 
year  1800.  You  know  that  the  result  of  this 
work  has  been  n  splendid  volumes,  giving  a 
catalog  or  index  by  authors  only,  and  includ- 
ing only  papers  in  periodicals  and  transactions 
of  learned  societies.  These  volumes  have  been 
much  criticised  for  what  they  do  not  do,  but 
they  are  very  helpful  for  what  they  do. 

In  March,  1894,  the  Royal  Society  issued  a 
circular  addressed  to  learned  societies  all  over 
the  world,  calling  attention  to  the  fact  that  this 
catalog  was  a  costly  piece  of  work,  that  it  was 
only  an  author  catalog,  and  that  it  was  admit- 
tedly incomplete.  The  development  of  scientific 
literature  had  been  so  great  that  some  better 
arrangement  was  needed,  and  the  president  and 
council  appointed  a  committee  to  consider  the 
subject  and  report  on  the  feasibility  of  such  a 

*  A  fuller  account  will  be  found  in  Science,  Aug.  6,  1897. 


catalog  being  compiled  through  international 
co-operation.  The  correspondence  which  re- 
sulted was.  favorable,  American  institutions  being 
most  cordial.  The  councils  of  the  various  uni- 
versities in  this  country  responded  favorably, 
and  many  of  our  scientific  men  and  some  libra- 
rians made  suggestions  to  the  Royal  Society 
through  the  medium  of  the  journals.  There 
was  an  interesting  discussion  in  Science  on 
the  subject,  in  which  Dr.  Billings,  the  late 
Dr.  Goode,  and  others  took  part.  There  was  a 
similar  discussion  in  Nature,  and  in  the  Library 
Journal.  The  committee  reported  to  the  Royal 
Society  that  they  thought  the  plan  feasible,  and 
the  Royal  Society  moved  the  British  govern- 
ment to  call  an  international  convention.  In 
the  United  States  the  course  of  action  was  for 
the  Secretary  of  State  to  refer  the  matter  to  the 
Smithsonian  Institution.  The  secretary  of  the 
Institution  reported  that  he  thought  the  mat- 
ter of  great  moment,  recommended  that  the 
government  of  the  United  States  take  part,  and 
suggested  that  Dr.  Billings  and  Professor  New- 
comb  be  named  to  represent  the  government  on 
that  occasion.  This  suggestion  was  adopted, 
and  brings  us  down  to  the  conference  proper. 
I  will  name  the  countries  taking  part:  Austria, 
Belgium,  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  Greece, 
Hungary,  Italy,  Japan,  Mexico,  the  Netherlands, 
Norway,  Sweden,  Switzerland  United  King- 
dom, United  States,  Cape  Colony,  Canada,  In- 
dia, Natal  New  South  Wales,  New  Zealand, 
and  Queensland.  You  will  notice  in  this  list 
that,  with  the  exception  of  Canada,  the  only 
country  on  the  American  continent  represented 
besides  the  United  States  is  Mexico;  that  is 
important,  because  it  may  result  in  the  necessity 
of  the  United  States  taking  a  very  active  part 
in  the  matter. 

The  verbatim  report  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  conference  is  most  interesting.  There  were 
three  secretaries;  one  for  French,  one  for  Ger- 
man, and  one  for  English,  and  those  three 
languages  were  used  interchangeably,  with 
sometimes  one  delegate  speaking,  now  in  one 
language  and  now  in  another.  The  position  of 


ABLER. 


59 


the  Royal  Society  was  stated  at  the  outset  by 
Prof.  Armstrong,  who  said  that  the  society  had 
felt  for  a  number  of  years  that  it  was  not  doing 
enough  to  supply  the  needs  of  scientific  workers ; 
that  the  production  of  catalogs  arranged  only 
according  to  authors'  names  was  altogether  in- 
sufficient, and  it  was  essential  that  much  more 
should  be  done,  and  that  the  work  should  be 
done  much  more  quickly.  A  number  of  ques- 
tions were  raised,  such  as  whether  a  vote 
should  be  taken  by  nations  or  not.  That  ques- 
tion created  a  good  deal  of  discussion.  One  of 
the  matters  that  was  bound  to  come  up  was  the 
relation  of  the  Belgian  Bibliographical  Bureau 
to  this  movement.  Very  early  in  the  course  of 
the  discussion  the  Belgian  representatives  pre- 
sented a  joint  note,  setting  forth  what  the  Bel- 
gian Bibliographical  Bureau  had  done.  The 
reception  accorded  it  was  not  enthusiastic. 
Reading  between  the  lines,  I  should  say  that  the 
conference  practically  decided  not  to  avail  itself 
of  the  Belgian  bureau  or  of  the  Belgian  system, 
though  there  is,  perhaps,  a  possibility  that  at 
some  future  time  these  two  movements  may  be 
united. 

One  of  the  questions  which  created  a  great 
deal  of  discussion  and  interest  was  regarding 
the  division  of  science:  first,  the  division  of  sci- 
ence into  pure  and  applied,  and  it  being  practi- 
cally settled  that  the  applied  sciences  were  to  be 
excluded,  the  further  question  of  what  sort  of 
classification  of  science  should  be  made.  One 
very  acute  remark  was  made  by  a  delegate  who 
said:  "  If  you  make  a  hard  and  fast  division  of 
pure  physics  and  pure  chemistry,  you  will  miss 
the  most  interesting  books  and  papers  pub- 
lished, because  it  is  just  between  physics  and 
chemistry  that  the  most  important  discoveries 
are  now  being  made."  Another  interesting  sub- 
ject was  the  definition  of  what  the  catalog 
should  include.  It  was  originally  proposed 
that  the  catalog  should  comprise  all  published 
original  contributions  to  science,  whether  ap- 
pearing in  periodicals  or  in  publications  of  soci- 
eties or  as  independent  pamphlets,  memoirs,  or 
books.  That  proposition  practically  prevailed, 
so  that  the  future  catalog  will  differ  from  the 
past  work  of  the  Royal  Society  by  including 
independent  books  and  memoirs.  Much  time 
was  spent  on  the  question  of  the  method  get- 
ting these  independent  publications.  Several 
'delegates  said  while  it  would  be  easy  enough 
to  arrange  for  the  exchange  of  the  transactions 


of  learned  societies,  it  would  not  be  possible 
to  get  independent  books  and  memoirs.  That 
statement  brought  out  a  discussion  which 
showed  that  some  countries  do  not  make  com- 
pulsory any  ..deposit  of  books  registered  for 
copyright,  and  it  is  possible  that  one  of  the  out- 
comes of  this  conference  may  be  an  agitation  in 
such  countries  which  will  bring  about  the  com- 
pulsory deposit  of  books,  and  therefore  enable 
persons  who  have  access  to  the  national  libra- 
ries to  see  all  the  books.  If  I  remember 
rightly,  so  important  a  state  as  Saxony,  which 
includes  Leipsic,  does  not  require  deposits  of 
books  for  copyright. 

The  conference  finally  adopted  a  scheme 
something  as  follows  :  In  preparing  the  catalog 
regard  shall  be  had  in  the  first  instance  to  the 
requirements  of  scientific  investigators,  to  the 
end  that  they  may  find  most  easily  what  is  pub- 
lished concerning  any  particular  subject.  The 
administration  of  the  catalog  is  to  be  en- 
trusted to  a  representative  body  called  the  In- 
ternational Council.  The  final  editing  and  pub- 
lication of  the  catalog  is  to  be  entrusted  to  an 
organization  called  the  Central  International 
Bureau,  under  the  direction  of  the  International 
Council.  Any  country  which  shall  declare  its 
willingness  to  undertake  the  task  shall  be  en- 
trusted with  the  duty  of  collecting  and  provis- 
ionally classifying  and  transmitting  to  the  Cen- 
tral Bureau,  according  to  the  rules  laid  down, 
all  the  entries  belonging  to  the  scientific  works 
of  that  country.  In  indexing  according  to  sub- 
ject-matter regard  shall  be  had  not  only  to  the 
title  of  the  paper  or  book,  but  also  to  the  nat- 
ure of  the  contents.  In  judging  whether  a 
publication  shall  be  considered  a  contribution 
to  science,  regard  shall  be  had  to  its  contents, 
irrespective  of  the  channel  through  which  it  is 
published.  This  subject,  by  the  way,  brought 
out  a  very  interesting  discussion  and  the  ex- 
pression of  some  extremely  liberal  views  on 
the  part  of  more  than  one  member.  The  Ger- 
man delegates,  for  instance,  pointed  out  that 
such  a  journal  as  the  Allgemeine  Zeitung  often 
contained  original  articles.  We  know  that  in 
this  country  important  scientific  articles  appear 
in  our  popular  magazines  and  sometimes  even 
in  our  newspapers. 

Another  provision  is  that  the  Central  Bureau 
shall  issue  a  catalog  in  the  form  of  slips  or 
cards,  the  details  of  the  cards  to  be  hereafter 
determined,  and  the  issue  to  take  place  as 


6o 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


promptly  as  possible.  Cards  corresponding  to 
any  one  or  more  branches  of  sciences,  or  to  sec- 
tions of  such  science,  shall  be  supplied  sepa- 
rately and  under  the  direction  of  the  Central 
Bureau.  The  Central  Bureau  shall  also  issue 
a  catalog  in  book  form  from  time  to  time,  the 
entries  being  classified  according  to  the  rules  to 
be  hereafter  determined  ;  that  the  issue  in  book 
form  shall  be  in  parts  corresponding  to  the  sev- 
eral branches  of  the  science,  the  several  parts 
being  supplied  separately  at  the  discretion  and 
under  the  direction  of  the  Central  Bureau.  The 
Central  Bureau  is  to  be  located  in  London. 
There  was  absolute  unanimity  on  that  point. 

The  discussion  on  the  classification  of  science 
was  very  interesting  and  important,  and  I  ex- 
pect to  give  a  rather  full  account  of  that 
shortly  in  Science.* 

The  conference  being  unable  to  accept  any  of 
the  systems  of  classification  recently  proposed, 
refers  the  choice  of  a  system  to  the  committee 
on  organization.  That  decision  was  the  result 
of  an  interesting  discussion.  It  was  a  substi- 
tute for  the  original  proposition  that  the  Dewey 
system  be  not  adopted  as  it  stands.  The  Bel- 
gian representatives  were  the  supporters  of  the 
Dewey  system.  The  vote  on  this  was  unani- 
mous, but  the  Belgians  did  not  vote,  and  had 
the  fact  they  did  not  vote  recorded.  The  gen- 
eral considerations  which  prompted  this  con- 
clusion were  that  the  conference  was  not  study- 
ing the  question  of  the  usefulness  of  any 
given  system  of  placing  books  on  shelves. 
That  they  thought  outside  of  their  province. 
They  assert  by  this  resolution,  most  positively, 
that  the  system  of  classification  on  shelves  has 
no  real  relation  to  the  system  of  classification 
in  a  scientific  catalog. 

English  was  adopted  as  the  language  of  the 
catalog,  and  that  with  unanimity.  An  Aus- 
trian delegate,  when  some  slight  objection  was 
raised,  rose  and  said  that  English  was  a  lan- 
guage now  so  widespread  that  it  might  be  said 

*  See  Science,  Aug.  6,,i897. 


to  be  more  understood  than  any  other,  and 
however  much  pride  one  might  have  in  his  na- 
tionality, he  must  have  a  greater  interest  in  the 
general  welfare  of  mankind. 

The  beginning  of  the  catalog  was  fixed  for 
January  i,  1900,  and  it  was  stated  as  desirable 
that  the  Royal  Society  should  be  informed  of 
the  adherence  of  the  different  countries  by  1897 
or  1898.  It  is  understood  that  the  International 
Council  will  provide  for  the  cataloging  of  the 
literature  of  such  countries  as  are  not  willing 
to  undertake  the  work  themselves. 

When  the  conference  adjourned  the  dele- 
gates departed  to  their  homes  and  made  reports 
to  their  governments.  In  the  United  States  a 
report  was  presented  by  Dr.  Billings  and  Pro- 
fessor Newcomb  to  the  Secretary  of  State. 
That  report  was  presented  on  October  15,  1896. 
On  the  next  day  the  Secretary  of  State  referred 
it  to  the  secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion for  his  advice,  together  with  a  request  for 
a  statement  of  the  probable  cost  to  the  United 
States  of  entering  into  this  scheme.  This  was 
estimated  to  be  about  f  10,000  a  year,  and  a 
letter  to  this  effect  was  sent  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  who  transmitted  it,  together  with  the 
documents,  to  both  houses  of  Congress.  These 
papers  were  laid  before  Congress  December  17, 
1896,  but  it  was  then  too  late  to  get  any  action 
by  the  last  Congress,  nor,  indeed,  was  there 
real  necessity  for  doing  so.  I  understand  that 
between  this  time  and  January  i,  1898,  there 
should  be  made  to  the  Royal  Society  an  expres- 
sion of  the  willingness  of  this  country  to  adhere 
to  the  scheme,  and  that  for  the  year  1899-1900 
some  appropriation  should  be  made  to  enable 
the  United  States  government  to  take  its  share 
of  the  work. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  say  that  this  appears 
to  me  to  be  the  most  important  matter  that  can 
possibly  be  undertaken  for  scientific  men,  and 
I  believe  it  also  to  be  the  largest  co-operative 
scheme  of  indexing  ever  set  on  foot.  I  think, 
too,  we  should  be  gratified  by  the  honorable 
part  thus  far  taken  by  the  United  States, 


FLETCHER. 


61 


INDEX    PROSPECTS    AND    POSSIBILITIES. 


BY   WILLIAM   I.    FLETCHER,    LIBRARIAN  AMHERST   COLLEGE. 


T  N  speaking  of  the  prospects  and  possibilities 
in  index  work  —  I  mean,  of  course,  co-op- 
erative work  in  the  advancement  of  the  cause 
of  indexing  —  I  do  not  wish  to  have  it  regarded 
as  presented  at  all  as  a  matter  of  enthusiastic 
anticipation;  nor  as  the  riding  of  a  rose-colored 
hobby ;  but  rather  as  a  matter  of  calculation  and 
estimation  of  real  and  reasonable  probabilities. 

By  way  of  introduction,  I  wish  to  speak  fora 
moment  of  this  general  idea  of  co-operative  work 
among  libraries.  I  have  been  closely  connected 
with  it  now  for  a  long  while,  and  it  has  been 
constantly  brought  to  my  notice  that  it  excites 
some  suspicion  and  question  among  some  of 
our  best  and  ablest  librarians.  Such  suspicion 
is  reasonable,  and  I  have  never  been  at  all  sur- 
prised by  it.  In  conversation  recently  with  Dr- 
Billings  he  expressed,  as  Dr.  Poole  used  to  ex- 
press, that  rather  conservative  view  as  to  this 
co-operative  library  work.  It  is  a  question  of 
whether  our  libraries  are  to  be  run,  each  one  as 
part  of  a  great  machine;  whether  there  is  to  be 
for  this  and  that  a  great  central  bureau,  with 
the  individual  library  and  librarians  left  to  be 
nothing  but  a  little  part  of  a  great  machine. 
That  is  a  crude  and  perhaps  not  very  fair  way 
of  stating  this  suspicion,  but  I  think  it  may  an- 
swer the  purpose.  I  do  not  think  any  one  shares 
this  general  view  more  than  I,  or  has  more 
decided  views  on  the  subject.  For  you  will 
find  in  the  Library  Journal  that  I  said,  quite  a 
number  of  years  ago  at  one  of  our  meetings, 
that  it  seemed  as  if  there  was  a  disposition  to 
drive  from  libraries  the  genius  of  learning  and 
culture  and  substitute  a  set  of  cog-wheels  [L.J., 
ii  :  211]. 

Making  all  the  allowance  that  need  be  made 
for  the  doubtfulness  of  the  work  of  bringing 
libraries  into  co-operation,  I  am  not  prepared 
to  admit  this  as  any  argument  against  what  we 
have  done  or  are  trying  to  do  along  these  lines. 
That  view  of  the  matter  suggested  the  danger 
that  our  libraries  might  be  deprived  of  that  at- 
mosphere of  literary  and  bibliographic  cult- 
ure for  which  no  substitute  can  be  fur- 
nished in  making  them  what  they  ought  to 
be  as  ministers  of  literature  to  the  public.  It 


seems  to  me  any  such  objection  is  hardly  worth 
considering.  Supposing  that  all  the  work  we 
now  do  in  our  libraries,  as  cataloging  in  all  its 
branches  and  indexing,  be  taken  away  ;  does  it 
not  remain  true  that  there  would  be  an  abun- 
dance of  work  left  for  every  librarian  and 
every  assistant  in  providing  for  the  indi- 
vidual wants,  the  temporary  and  immediate 
wants  of  users  of  the  library  ?  It  seems  to  me 
there  is  an  opening  left  to  meet  all  the  demands 
for  the  culture  of  the  librarian  and  assistants 
and  to  give  the  library  the  atmosphere  of  an 
individual  institution  of  learning. 

Coming  to  the  question  of  the  prospects  and 
the  possibilities  of  this  work  as  it  stands  now, 
I  would  naturally  speak  first  of  "  Poole's  in- 
dex," which  was  the  first  of  these  co-operative 
index  undertakings,  and  I  take  pleasure  in 
saying  that  I  have  proof  pages  nearly  half 
way  through  the  five-year  supplement  for  the 
years  1892  to  1896  inclusive,  up  to  the  first  of 
January,  1897. 

As  to  the  "A.  L.  A.  index,"  I  would  like  to 
say  frankly  that  I  was  never  at  all  satisfied  with 
the  "A.  L.  A.  index"  and  have  always  felt 
apologetic  towards  it.  But  material  is  being 
collected  for  a  supplement  to  that  work,  which 
may  be  published  as  a  supplement,  or  the  whole 
work  may  be  made  over  into  a  new  edition  in- 
corporating the  old  matter  and  the  new.  One 
feature  intended  to  be  made  prominent  in  the 
new  edition  or  supplement  is  to  include  in  it  all 
available  reference  lists,  so  that  on  turning  to  a 
subject  the  first  thing  seen  would  be  a  refer- 
ence—  perhaps  printed  in  different  type,  so  as 
to  be  at  once  recognized  —  to  some  place  where 
a  special  list  to  that  subject  can  be  found.  No 
adequate  "A.  L.  A.  index"  can  be  made  with- 
out a  collection  of  such  'reference  lists.  That  is 
to  say,  if  you  look  in  the  index  for  Carlyle,  for 
instance,  you  cannot  expect  to  find  in  it  any 
such  work  on  Carlyle  as  in  Anderson's  bibliogra- 
phy. The  best  treatment,  perhaps,  of  Carlyle 
for  such  an  index  would  be  to  say  See  Ander- 
son's bibliography.  The  book  can  hardly  go  into 
the  printer's  hands  much  inside  of  a  year,  and 
it  will,  of  course,  incorporate  all  the  references 


62 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


that  have  been  made  in  the  second  portion  of 
the  "Annual  literary  index"  since  the  "A.  L. 
A.  index"  was  first  published. 

It  is  a  little  doubtful  as  to  where  we  pass  from 
prospects  to  possibilities.  What  I  have  been 
speaking  of  is  fairly  within  reach.  There  is 
also  a  project  before  us  for  an  international 
catalog  of  scientific  papers,  and  there  is  the 
scheme  of  which  Dr.  Billings  is  to  speak. 
I  wish,  however,  to  refer  to  a  matter  which 
came  to  my  notice  only  the  other  day.  On 
my  visit  to  the  Commercial  Museums  in  Phila- 
delphia, I  found  there  a  card  catalog  index 
for  the  trade  journals  during  the  last  two  years. 
It  is  made  on  standard  size  cards  and  kept  in 
a  case  already  numbering  some  hundreds  of 
drawers.  It  illustrates  this  general  subject  of 
the  need  of  co-operation  when  we  find  in  the 
city  of  Philadelphia,  unknown  to  nearly  all  the 
librarians  in  the  country,  a  work  in  the  same 
direction  as  ours  by  persons  who  knew  little 
if  anything  of  our  attempts. 

I  can  take  but  a  moment  to  refer  to  the  pros- 


pects as  to  the  indexing  of  portraits.  It  is  pleas- 
ant to  speak  here  of  the  extended  work  already 
done  in  that  direction  by  Mr.  Bunford  Samuel, 
of  the  Ridgway  Branch  Library.  He  has  en- 
tered heartily  into  the  co-operative  plan,  fur- 
nishing us  his  material  without  any  compensa- 
tion to  himself  for  the  great  labor  that  he  has 
expended  upon  it.  His  material  is  being  placed 
on  cards  prepared  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Lane,  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  who  has  as- 
sumed editorial  charge  of  the  portrait  index. 
As  most  of  you  have  read  in  the  Library  Jour- 
nal, much  additional  work  is  being  done  and  it 
is  planned  to  make  the  index  cover  a  pretty 
complete  list  of  books  containing  good  collected 
portraits. 

You  will  see  that  though  I  undertook  to  speak 
of  index  prospects  and  possibilities,  these  are 
all  prospects,  and  I  will,  with  your  permission, 
let  the  possibilities  be  omitted,  and  ask  you  to 
understand  that  I  prefer  to  speak  of  accom- 
plished facts  and  facts  that  are  in  a  fair  way 
to  be  accomplished. 


SOME    HERESIES   ABOUT   CATALOGING. 


BY   DR.    G.    E.    WIRE,    EVANSTON,   ILL. 


'"PHE  definition  of  a  catalog,  according  to  the 
dictionary,  is  "an  orderly  arrangement 
of  titles."  Passing  to  the  definition  of  its  pur- 
pose, we  ask:  What  is  a  catalog  for?  It  is 
supposed  to  be  for  the  purpose  of  helping  to  find 
information.  We  hope,  or  are  supposed  to  hope- 
that  it  will  help  people  to  find  books.  But  does 
it?  It  is  only  a  means  to  an  end,  and  no  reader 
is  foolish  enough  to  waste  his  time  over  a  cata- 
log if  he  can  get  his  books  in  any  easier  way. 
It  is  of  no  earthly  use  to  suppose  that  a  reader 
is  going  to  worship  your  catalog  for  your  glori- 
fication. And  yet  that  is  the  idea  that  some 
catalogers  have.  I  heard  one  of  this  kind 
say  once:  "  We  must  go  out  into  the  highways 
and  hedges  and  compel  them  to  come  in." 
It  is  more  likely  that  that  particular  catalog 
would  compel  the  reader  to  go  out,  and  that 
right  speedily. 

Of  what  use  is  a  catalog  filled  with  Sees, 
See  alsos,  and  analytical  ?  These  only  aggra- 
vate the  reader.  What  he  wants  is  information, 
not  snubs  and  invitations  to  look  elsewhere.  It 


is  cold  comfort  to  come  up  against  this  item: 
Birds.  See  Ornithology.  Why  not  put  birds 
under  birds  ?  No  wonder  readers  are  disap- 
pointed and  the  librarian  blamed  —  the  latter 
rightly.  It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  persons 
will  poke  over  the  cards  of  a  catalog  for  the  fun 
of  chasing  the  so  elusive  entries  from  one 
place  to  another.  What  they  want  is  their  books, 
and  if  by  some  subtle  process  of  mental  tele- 
pathy these  could  be  handed  them  the  minute 
they  came  within  the  door,  that  would  be  all 
they  wanted.  It  is  no  use  to  suppose  that  fic- 
tion habitu6s  will  pore  over  a  card  catalog. 
Print  some  sort  of  a  finding  list  for  them  as 
soon  as  possible. 

About  subjects:  Avoid  those  miserable  entries 
taken  from  some  word  or  words  on  the  title- 
page.  Use  a  double  subject  frequently,  as 
Fractures  and  dislocations.  I  direct  always 
that  in  cases  where  a  close  relationship  does 
not  occur  between  words  found  on  a  title-page 
that  two  cards  or  more,  as  the  case  may  be,  be 
made  for  the  work.  These  should  be  simply 


SHELDON. 


made.  Time  and  strength  should  not  be  sacri- 
ficed to  absolute  mathematical  accuracy  in  all 
headings  of  a  similar  class.  Suppose  there  are 
slight  differences  ?  Let  them  go,  and  put  in 
your  time  on  something  more  valuable.  I  have 
known  some  examples  of  egregious  blunders. 
One  of  these  concerned  a  reprint  of  one  of  the 
Cramoisy  Jesuit  Relations.  In  checking  up  an 
auction  catalog  I  came  to  an  item  which  I  knew 
was  a  reprint  of  a  Jesuit  letter.  In  looking  the 
matter  up  in  our  card  catalog  I  found  that  ac- 
cording to  the  card  it  appeared  that  we  had  a 
genuine  Jesuit  relation.  You  know  that  these 
are  very  rare,  and  I  knew  that  we  had  no  genu- 
ine one  in  the  library,  but  for  certainty  went 
to  the  shelves  and  got  the  book  indicated.  The 
title-page  read  correctly,  and  the  cataloger  had 
faithfully  followed  rules  and  copied  it  literatim, 
but  I  knew  from  the  paper,  type,  and  general 


appearance,  that  the  book  was  a  reprint,  and, 
turning  the  leaf,  found  that  it  had  been  repro- 
duced at  the  charges  of  Mr.  Lenox,  of  New 
York.  I  called  the  attention  of  the  cataloger 
to  it  and  stated  the  case.  The  card  was  re- 
moved and  consulted  upon,  but  there  was  no 
provision  in  the  rules  for  a  note  on  the  bottom 
of  the  card  simply  stating  that  it  was  a  reprint, 
and  it  finally  found  its  way  back  to  the  cabinet  as 
false  and  misleading  as  before.  Now  this  was 
a  flat  lie,  and  an  example  of  what  cataloging 
should  not  be. 

About  rules:  Be  not  bound  to  them,  but  after 
getting  the  principle,  make  variations  to  fit  the 
case.  The  main  thing  is  to  get  the  idea  of  cata- 
loging—  what  it  is  for  —  and  then  adapt  your 
rules  to  the  size  and  scope  of  your  library,  to 
the  grasp  of  your  public,  and,  if  necessary,  to 
the  minds  of  your  attendants. 


AN   ELEMENTARY   TALK   ON   CHARGING   SYSTEMS. 


BY   HELEN   G.    SHELDON,    DREXEL  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY. 


T  T  is  my  purpose  to-day  to  speak  to  those  mem- 
bers  of  the  A.  L.  A.  who  have  neither  studied 
the  subject  of  charging  systems  nor  had  much 
experience  in  their  manipulation.  In  so  doing 
my  words  cannot  fail  to  be  to  many  as  a  tale 
that  has  been  many  times  told.  Probably  fore- 
seeing this,  our  chairman  wrote  to  me:  "We 
want  original  ideas."  My  dear  Mr.  Chairman 
and  ladies  and  gentlemen,  to  supply  anything 
whatever  from  a  field  which  has  never  lain  fal- 
low, but  has,  on  the  contrary,  yielded  yearly 
to  the  Library  Journal  and  other  storehouses 
crop  after  crop  of  value,  is  almost  more  than 
common  clay  can  do. 

To  the  beginner  in  library  science  I  would 
therefore  say  that  most  original  thing,  "read 
the  Library  Journal."  Everything  which  is  ever 
likely  to  be  said  has  already  there  been  said, 
and  all  the  most  approved  systems  have  been 
described.  Read  the  Journal,  then,  always  re- 
membering that  the  ledger,  indicator,  and  dum- 
my systems  are  relics  of  the  dark  ages,  and 
bearing  in  mind  that  the  kind  of  library  should 
influence  one  in  the  selection  of  a  charging  sys- 
tem, that  one  suited  to  a  college  library  is  not 
the  one  for  a  public  library  with  a  large  circu- 
lation, and  that  it  is  better  to  adopt  a  system  to 


which  your  library  will  grow  than  one  which  it 
will  outgrow. 

A  few  small  points,  not  new,  but  which  help 
to  make  a  charging  system  what  it  should  be, 
may  be  suggested  here. 

(1)  If  for  any  reason  a  reader  is  debarred  the 
use  of  the  library,  place  among  the  registration 
blanks  in  front  of  his  blank,  a  yellow  card  — 
(the  initiated  will  recognize  the  criticism  card). 
On  the  top  line  write  his  name  and  below  the 
reason  for  the  withdrawal  of  his  privilege. 

(2)  When  pasting  a  pocket  in  a  book,  put  it 
on  the  last  page  of  the  book,  not  on  the  cover, 
as  continued  stamping  of  the  cover  loosens  the 
binding. 

(3)  Write  the  book   number  on  the   pocket. 
This  obviates  the  necessity  of  turning  the  book 
to  look  at  the  book-plate. 

(4)  Put  a,  b,  c,  etc.,  at  the  left  of  the  call  num- 
ber, instead  of  the  usual  cop.  I,  cop.  2,  etc.     It  is 
easier,  shorter,  and  answers  the  same  purpose. 

(5)  Stamp  on  the  reader's  card,  etc.,  the  date 
when  the  book  is  due;  not,  as  is  often  done,  the 
date  of  issue. 

(6)  If  your  circulation  is  small  enough  to  ad- 
mit of  it,  put  the  book  number,  as  well  as  the 
date,  on  the  reader's  card.     It  is  often  of  use. 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


(7)  Fasten  a  reader's  call  slip  to  his  card  with 
a  utility  paper  slip,  or  some  other  device.    This 
prevents  its  loss. 

(8)  If  your  staff  of  charging  clerks  is  large, 
incorporate  an  initial  of  each  clerk  in  his  dating- 
stamp.     Errors  can  thus  be  traced  and  it  makes 
clerks  careful. 

(9)  If  you  put  the  reader's  card  in  the  pocket 
of  the  book  when  the  book  card  is  taken  out, 
this  will  save  stamping  the  date  on  the  pocket, 
since  it  always  appears  on  the  reader's  card. 
Of  course  this  necessitates  discharging  a  book 
as  soon  as  it  comes  in,  and  could  not  be  done  if 
the  circulation  were  large. 

(10)  If   your   collection  of  books  is  not   too 
small,  follow  the  example  of  most  of  your  fel- 
low-librarians and  use  the  two-book  system. 

I  have  appended  to  this  paper  a  list  of  the 
articles  on  charging  systems  which  have  ap- 
peared since  Mr.  Carr's  list,  printed  in  the  Li- 
brary Journal  in  1889  ;  I  shall  be  glad  to 
answer  any  questions,  and  we  are  prepared  to 
charge  and  discharge  books,  by  four  different 
systems  as  follows: 

1.  The   Philadelphia   Free   Library    system, 
which  is  a  slight  modification   of   the   famous 
Newark  system,  the  one  generally  accepted  as 
the  best  for  a  large  public  library. 

2.  The    Drexel    Institute    charging   system, 
which  is  similar  to  that  used  in  most  college  li- 
braries. 

3.  The  N.  E.  Browne  system,  the  newest  de- 
velopment in  charging  systems,  and  one  bound 
to  grow  in  favor,  because  by  it  books  can  be 
charged  by  merely  stamping  a  date. 

4.  The  Albany  Y.  W.  C.  A.  system,  a  tempo- 
rary slip  system  in  which  slips  of  various  colors 
are  used  to  indicate  different  days  of  the  week, 
and  which  is  suited  to  a  very  small  library. 

REFERENCE  LIST  ON   CHARGING   SYSTEMS. 

1.  Carr,   H:   J.     Report  on  charging  systems. 

Lib.j.     14:  203-214(1889). 

(Historical  treatment  of  charging  systems  and 
statistics  of  their  use  in  America,  with  a  bibli- 
ography of  the  subject,  1876-1888.) 

2.  Schwartz,  J.     Apprentices'  Library  charging 

system.    Lib.  j.     14  :  468  -  469  (1889). 

3.  Davis,  O.  S.     Y.  M.  C.  A.  Library,  Albany, 

charging  system.     Lib.j.     16 :  232(1891). 

4.  Cutler,  M.  S.     Charging  systems.     (In  Im- 

pressions in  foreign  libraries.)    Lib.j.    16: 
csi  (1891). 


5.  Circular   of  the  Board  of  Library  Commis- 

sioners, state  of  New  Hampshire.  Lib.  j. 
18  :  42  (1893). 

(Circular  letter  relating  to  library  methods,  cop- 
ies of  which  were  sent  to  the  trustees  of  each  libra- 
ry in  N.  H.  Recommends  slip-charging  system 
and  gives  specific  directions  for  using  it.) 

6.  Jones,    G-.    M.     Delivery -desk    difficulties. 

Lib.  j.     18  :  86  (1893). 

(Synopsis  of  a  paper  delivered  before  the  Mass. 
Lib.  Club.) 

7.  Plummer,  M.  W.     Loan  systems.    (See  A.  I.. 

A.  World's  Lib.  Congress  Papers,  1893, 
p.  898  -906.) 

(Gives  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  the 
ledger,  temporary  slip,  card,  dummy  and  indicator 
systems.) 

An  abstract  of  this  paper  also  appeared  in  Lib  /., 
18 :  242-246  (1893). 

8.  Fletcher,  W:  I.     Public  libraries  in  America 

(1894),  p.  66. 

9.  Plummer,    M.   W.     Hints  to  small  libraries 

(1894),  p.  32-41- 

(Describes  the  ordinary  double-entry  charging 
system,  suggesting  several  modifications  for  vary- 
ing conditions.) 

10.  Dana,J:C.    Public  library  handbook  (1895), 

p.  46-90. 

(Gives  explicit  directions  as  to  a  charging  clerk's 
duties,  and  warns  of  many  points  which  long  ex- 
perience has  shown  need  especial  care.) 

12.  Bolton,  C:  K.     Charging  systems  and  sta- 

tistics.    Lib.j.     19:  225-226  (1894). 

(A  plea  for  the  single-entry  system,  at  the  sacri- 
fice of  foolish  statistics,  since  all  necessary  ques- 
tions can  be  answered  by  that  system.) 

13.  Browne,  N.  E.     Another  charging  system. 

Lib.j.     20:  168  (1895). 
(Reader's pocket  instead  of  reader's  card  used.) 
For  discussion  of  this  system,  see  Lib.  /.,  2i: 

0127-128  and  p.  300. 

14.  Jones,   G.  M.     Cards  for  the  "Two-book" 

system.     Lib.j.     20:  168-172(1895). 

(Letters  from  prominent  librarians,  giving  usage 
in  their  libraries.  No  definite  conclusion  as  to  the 
best  method  is  arrived  at.) 

15.  Hill,   F.    P.     Preparing   a  book  for  issue; 

and  charging  systems.  Lib.  j.  21  :  C5I  - 
56  (1896). 

(Contains  also  a  description  of  the  Newark  charg- 
ing system,  il.  by  sample  blanks.) 

For  discussion  following  this  paper,  see  Lit.j., 
21 :  0147-149. 

16.  A.  L.  A.  Primer.     Charging  system.     Pub. 

libs.,  v.  i,  p.  79-80(1896). 

17.  Pennock,     B.   W.     The    Browne   charging 

system.     Lib.j.     22:  294-296(1897). 


WOODRUFF. 


REFERENCE   WORK. 


BY   ELEANOR  B.    WOODRUFF,    PRATT  INSTITUTE   FREE   LIBRARY,    BROOKLYN,    N.    Y. 


/T%HE  aim  of  the  reference  department  is,  as 
you  all  know,  to  afford  to  readers  the  sim- 
plest, easiest,  and  quickest  access  to  the  re- 
sources of  the  library  on  any  subject  in  which 
they  may  be  interested  or  desire  information. 
This  may  be  accomplished  by  either  introduc- 
ing the  inquirer  directly  to  the  books  where 
his  questions  will  be  answered,  or  helping  him 
to  an  understanding  of  the  mysteries  of  the 
catalog,  or  explaining  the  use  of  indexes,  bibli- 
ographies, and  other  library  tools,  or  compiling 
lists  for  him  —  in  short,  by  doing  anything  and 
everything  which  will  conduce  to  getting  him 
the  right  book  at  the  right  moment. 

In  a  library  where  this  work  must  be  per- 
formed with  a  very  limited  number  of  books, 
the  importance  of  the  selection  of  the  books 
and  the  skill  of  the  attendant  in  handling  them 
can  hardly  be  overestimated. 

Whether  or  no  the  books  will  do  all  the 
work  of  which  they  are  capable,  will  depend 
upon  the  expertness  of  the  attendant.  The 
complete  knowledge  of  the  books  requisite  for 
a  ready  and  effective  handling  can  be  gained 
only  by  long  experience  in  their  use,  but  as 
aids  toward  acquiring  this  familiarity  with  the 
books  I  would  suggest  a  study  of  what  they 
have  to  say  of  themselves,  their  scope  and 
limitations  as  set  forth  in  the  preface  or  intro- 
duction, the  title-page,  or  the  table  of  contents. 
If,  for  example,  the  title-page  of  a  biographical 
dictionary  claims  to  treat  only  of  English  con- 
temporaries, you  may  be  saved  the  time  and 
trouble  of  searching  that  book  for  a  German 
who  died  in  the  i8th  century.  Where  definite 
information  cannot  be  drawn  from  these  sources, 
test  the  book  for  yourselves,  propose  questions 
that  have  been  brought  in  or  that  you  may  origi- 
nate, look  up  subjects  under  various  headings, 
observe  what  departments  of  knowledge  are 
most  fully  and  satisfactorily  treated,  notice 
whether  there  are  illustrations,  and  whether 
these  are  explanatory  or  merely  ornamental. 
Before  you  are^thoroughly  familiar  with  a  work, 
and  sometimes  after  you  think  you  know  it 
pretty  well,  make  free  use  of  the  index.  Even 
though  it  seem  to  put  you  one  step  farther  from 


the  matter  you  seek,  it  will  often  prove  the 
shortest  way  in  the  end.  In  the  index  you  will 
frequently  find  names  and  subjects  not  brought 
out  in  the  body  of  the  work,  and  by  its  help  will 
avoid  the  risk  of  material  evading  you  because 
the  particular  heading  used  did  not  suggest  it- 
self. 

In  addition  to  the  usual  reference-books,  by 
all  means  have  the  sets  of  bound  periodicals 
stacked  in  the  reference-room.  This  plan  has 
been  tried  for  years  in  the  Pratt  Institute  Li- 
brary and  has  proved  most  satisfactory  in  its 
working.  Even  should  loss  or  injury  occur  in 
a  few  cases,  it  is  not  too  great  a  price  to  pay  for 
the  increased  usefulness  of  the  books.  When 
there  is  free  access  to  the  shelves,  very  little  as- 
sistance from  the  person  in  charge  will  enable 
visitors  to  use  the  indexes  compiled  by  Dr. 
Poole,  Mr.  Fletcher,  and  the  Cleveland  Library, 
and  with  these  as  guides,  teachers  and  students, 
members  of  clubs  and  debating  societies,  schol- 
ars and  newspaper  reporters  will  be  able  to 
findifor  themselves  the  latest  word  of  the  best 
authority  on  their  respective  subjects. 

Several  of  the  magazines  that  every  library 
is  sure  to  possess  —  Harper's  Monthly,  the  At- 
lantic, Popular  Science  Monthly,  etc.  —  have 
published  invaluable  indexes  of  their  own.  The 
field  covered  is  so  much  narrower  that  the  work 
has  gone  deeper  than  is  possible  with  the 
general  indexes,  and  the  same  article  appears 
under  several  headings  with  numerous  cross- 
references,  while  portraits  and  engravings  are 
also  brought  out. 

From  the  nature  of  the  case  it  is  impossible 
for  any  index  to  be  absolutely  up  to  date.  Not 
to  be  unprepared  for  requests  for  articles  ap- 
pearing in  the  interim,  the  reference  librarian 
should  spend  a  few  moments  each  day  in  run- 
ning through  the  periodicals,  including  news- 
papers. 

With  the  multifarious  duties  that  fall  to  the 
lot  of  each  worker  in  a  library,  no  one  can  af- 
ford the  time  for  a  thorough  perusal  of  the 
papers,  but  if  he  take  time  for  nothing  more 
than  a  glance  at  the  tables  of  contents  and  the 
headlines  he  will,  by  this  means,  keep  posted 


66 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


on  what  is  going  on  in  the  world,  will  be  able 
to  anticipate  the  needs  of  the  public,  and,  when 
some  event  of  unusual  importance  or  some  hap- 
pening of  local  interest  directs  the  attention  of 
the  reading  community  in  one  direction,  instead 
of  being  overwhelmed  by  a  sudden  and  unex- 
pected run  on  his  resources,  he  will  be  prepared 
for  the  emergency  and  will  have  the  satisfac- 
tion of  referring  the  very  first  inquirer  to  a  list 
already  prepared  and  awaiting  his  use.  Courses 
of  local  lectures,  series  of  readings,  the  appear- 
ance of  a  noted  musician,  topics  of  discussion 
which  are  filling  people's  minds,  the  approach 
of  a  holiday,  should  all  be  heralded  by  the  li- 
brarian with  bulletins  of  references.  The  death 
of  a  great  man  may  in  the  same  way  be  made 
the  occasion  of  calling  attention  to  his  work  and 
what  has  been  written  concerning  him.  In  the 
case  of  an  author,  a  large  demand  for  his  books 
will  almost  inevitably  follow  as  the  result  of  a 
reading  list  of  his  works  and  biographies,  criti- 
cal essays,  and  poems  to  his  memory. 

Besides  these  lists  which  the  librarian  pre- 
pares without  warning,  and  largely  as  a  matter 
of  self-defence,  he  should  expect  and  invite  re- 
quests from  literary  and  study  clubs  for  out- 
lines of  courses  and  lists  of  material  on  the 
subject  selected  for  the  winter's  work. 

In  all  list-making  let  the  principle  of  selec- 
tion be  the  prevailing  rule.  While  every  list 
should  fairly  represent  the  full  resources  of  the 
library,  do  not,  except  in  rare  cases,  for  the 
sake  of  exhaustiveness,  include  material  only 
indirectly  bearing  on  the  subject  in  hand.  A 
really  exhaustive  list  may  be  a  satisfaction  to 
the  professional  pride  of  the  compiler,  but  it  will 
generally  produce  disappointment  to  the  reader 
in  the  present  and  distrust  for  the  future.  In 
compiling  lists  make  use  of  every  possible  aid, 
your  own  catalog  and  finding  lists,  catalogs, 
lists,  and  bulletins  of  other  libraries,  annotated 
lists  of  books  and  bibliographies,  and  indexes 
to  periodicals  and  general  literature.  Some  li- 
braries, however,  make  it  the  rule  to  exclude 
entries  from  magazines  indexed  by  Poole  as  an 
unnecessary  duplication  of  work.  Some  of  the 
lists  most  useful  for  this  work  are  the  Phila- 
delphia Mercantile  Library  bulletins,  the  Boston 
Public  Library  chronological  index  to  historical 
fiction,  the  San  Francisco  Library  annotated  list 
of  English  prose  fiction,  the  Providence  Public 
Library  monthly  bulletins,  and  the  bulletins 
published  from  time  to  time  by  Cornell  Uni- 


versity Library,  the  Boston  and  Salem  public 
libraries.  Among  select  lists  of  books,  Bowker 
and  lies'  "  Reader's  guide  in  economic,  so- 
cial and  political  science,"  Adams'  "Manual 
of  historical  literature,"  Griswold's  "Select  list 
of  novels  and  tales,"  Sargent's  "  Reading  for 
the  young,"  and  the  two  lists  recently  prepared 
under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  lies  and  published 
by  the  A.  L.  A.,  the  "  Bibliography  of  fine  arts," 
bySturgisand  Krehbiel,  and  the  "List  of  books 
for  girls  and  women  and  their  clubs." 

All  lists,  of  course,  are  to  be  filed  in  some 
convenient  way,  and  kept  carefully  up  to  date 
by  the  systematic  addition  of  items  found 
in  your  running  through  magazines  and  new 
books.  An  alphabetical  list  of  lists  will  greatly 
facilitate  reference  to  the  lists  on  hand. 

All  material,  in  fact,  which  has  been  found 
with  difficulty  and  after  long  search  should  be 
recorded  in  some  permanent  form.  Experience 
has  shown  that  certain  questions  come  around 
with  the  regularity  of  the  seasons,  and  the  ref- 
erences to  them  once  found  and  noted  are  avail- 
able for  all  time.  A  convenient  form  in  which 
to  keep  such  material  not  calculated  to  take 
shape  as  reading  lists,  is  to  enter  it  on  cards 
(the  backs  of  spoiled  catalog  cards  will  do),  and 
to  file  them  alphabetically  in  boxes.  In  this  in- 
dex, references  are  in  place  to  all  sorts  of  odds 
and  ends  of  information  that  you  pick  up  in 
your  reading,  or  attract  your  attention  in  going 
through  the  magazines,  clippings  from  newspa- 
pers, and  items  that  no  index,  however  complete, 
will  bring  out,  which  you  will  surely  need  and 
would  otherwise  be  at  a  loss  to  know  where  to 
find. 

In  his  desire  to  be  of  service  to  the  eager 
searcher  for  knowledge,  the  reference  librarian 
should  not  be  satisfied  with  the  posting  of  bul- 
letins and  directing  visitors  to  sources  of  infor- 
mation on  the  shelves,  but  should  be  willing  in 
certain  cases  to  gather  material  on  a  given  sub- 
ject in  one  place  where  it  may  conveniently  be 
consulted  and  different  works  weighed  side  by 
side.  To  carry  this  idea  still  further,  it  may  be 
of  service  to  a  club  doing  serious  work  to  have 
a  small  collection  of  books  withdrawn  from  cir- 
culation and  reserved  for  a  time  for  their  ex- 
clusive use.  To  have  this  plan  work  to  advan- 
tage, the  readers  must  do  their  small  share  of 
sending  timely  notice  to  the  librarian,  that  he 
may  search  out  the  desired  material  or  call  in 
the  books  from  circulation. 


DODGE, 


67 


The  famous  dictum,  "Speech  was  given  to 
man  to  conceal  thought,"  is  often  forcibly 
brought  to  mind  by  the  ingenuity  with  which 
visitors  to  the  reference-room  succeed  in  hiding 
their  desires  behind  their  questions.  And  right 
here  lies  the  opportunity  for  the  exercise  of  one 
of  the  greatest  gifts  of  the  successful  librarian 
—  the  ability  by  skilful  questioning,  without 
appearance  of  curiosity  or  impertinence,  to  ex- 
tract from  the  vaguest,  most  general  requests, 
a  clear  idea  of  what  the  inquirer  really  needs. 
This  faculty  —  a  facility  in  reducing  large,  ab- 
stract demands  to  concrete  terms,  as,  for  ex- 
ample, in  resolving  a  request  for  a  book  that 
will  tell  everything  about  all  kinds  of  birds  into 
a  demand  for  a  book  on  the  diseases  of  chick- 
ens; the  sort  of  second  sight  that  recognizes 
books  under  all  sorts  of  indefinite,  misleading 
descriptions,  from  the  color  of  the  covers  or  the 
positions  on  .the  shelves  to  the  date  when  this 
particular  person  last  used  it,  and  readily  inter- 
prets "  that  book  of  St.  Anthony's  on  the  Ameri- 
can Eagle  "  to  mean  an  article  on  the  stars  and 
stripes  which  appeared  in  St.  Nicholas  —  stands 


in  the  equipment  of  a  reference  librarian  only 
second  in  importance  to  the  complete  mastery 
of  his  tools.  In  fact,  so  important  are  the  re- 
lations of  the  reference  librarian  to  his  public 
that  I  am  almost  prepared  to  put  tact  in  meet- 
ing strangers  and  making  them  feel  at  home  in 
the  library,  in  knowing  how  far  assistance  will 
be  a  help  and  when  it  will  become  a  bore,  in 
impressing  each  visitor  with  personal  interest  in 
meeting  his  particular  need,  to  put  this,  I  re- 
peat, in  the  same  category  which  includes  the 
largest  possible  knowledge  of  literature  and  of 
books  about  books,  the  broadest  culture,  a  store 
of  general  information  sometimes  having  no 
connection  with  books,  and  a  memory  that  not 
only  treasures  up  items  of  interest  but  instinc- 
tively pigeon-holes  them  ready  to  be  called  to 
light  at  a  moment's  notice.  The  demands  of 
the  work  are  great,  but  the  interest  of  the  work 
itself  and  the  opportunities  it  affords  of  meet- 
ing people  and  seeing  what  interests  them  while 
helping  them  to  satisfy  their  needs  are  sufficient 
compensation  for  all  one  may  give  out  in  en- 
ergy and  enthusiasm. 


LIBRARIANS'   AIDS. 

BY   VIRGINIA   R.    DODGE,    LIBRARIAN   OF  THE 'CEDAR   RAPIDS   (lA.)   PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 


TN  taking  up  the  subject  of  librarians'  aids,  it 
is  my  aim  to  call  attention  to  a  "  string  of 
generalities,"  which  some  one  has  said  "  can  be 
of  no  special  use  to  anyone,"  to  show  that  these 
same  generalities  comprise  opportunities  for  all. 
The  librarian  must  take  his  aids  as  they  come, 
from  the  "  four  corners  of  the  world," 

"  Not  chaos-like,  together  crushed  and  bruised, 
But  as  a  world,  harmoniously  confus'd, 
Where  order  in  variety  we  see, 
And  where,  though  all  things  differ,  all  agree." 

The  librarian  draws  his  resources  from  the 
whole  world.  People,  places,  associations, 
books,  magazines,  stray  scraps  of  information, 
all  have  their  place  among  the  librarian's  tools; 
and  each  day  with  its  meetings,  its  greetings, 
its  continual  rubbings,  should  make  the  li- 
brarian the  richer  in  aids  towards  a  means  for 
the  end.  And  it  is  of  this  gift  of  turning  into 
gold  all  things  he  touches  that  I  wish  to  speak. 

Of  all  people  the  librarian  has  the  greatest 
opportunity  of  knowing  good  and  for  doing 


good,  because  all  avenues  alike  are  open  to 
him;  he  has  the  key  to  all  knowledge;  it  passes 
through  his  hands  for  good  or  ill  to  be  dis- 
pensed to  its  seekers.  The  librarian  aware  of 
his  power  and  his  weakness  has  made  for  him- 
self this  splendid  Association,  than  which  noth- 
ing could  be  of  greater  help,  encouragement 
and  inspiration;  as  a  smaller  part  of  the  great 
whole  comes  the  state  association,  with  the  aid 
to  be  gained  by  comparing  methods  and  ex- 
changing ideas.  Through  the  state  library 
commissions  all  sorts  of  help  may  be  obtained, 
and  their  bureaus  of  information  contain  inex- 
haustible funds  of  advice  and  counsel,  with 
an  enthusiasm  which  does  not  flag  even  under 
the  poser  of  a  question  how  to  arouse  interest 
which  has  been  long  dead  in  a  library;  there 
might  be  a  weakening  of  enthusiasm  if,  as  in 
one  case,  the  cause  of  dying  had  been  traced 
to  a  little  habit  of  the  librarian,  of  closing  up 
shop  in  order  to  attend  baseball  games. 

To  the  teacher  the  librarian  looks  for  many 


68 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


helpful  suggestions,  and  not  least  among  these 
are  the  outlines  of  courses  of  study  that  supple- 
mentary reading  lists  may  be  prepared;  and  we 
hope  soon  to  see  the  time  when  not  only  the 
teacher  as  an  individual  may  make  it  easier  for 
the  library  to  get  children  into  her  storehouse 
of  wisdom,  but  the  school  as  a  whole  will  rec- 
ognize the  expediency  of  sending  children  to  the 
library,  and  will  also  prepare  them  in  the  use  of 
short  cuts  to  books  —  those  reading  and  refer- 
ence lists  with  which  every  .library  is  more  or 
less  generously  supplied. 

Coming  nearer  home,  the  librarian  ought  to 
look  upon  his  trustees  as  his  greatest  support. 
His  trustees  !  I  am  reminded  of  many  humor- 
ously pathetic  instances  —  "humorous"  be- 
cause, in  the  words  of  a  popular  song,  "the 
punishment  did  not  fit  the  crime  ";  "pathetic," 
because  of  the  added  note  that  the  librarian 
knew  better,  but  his  trustees  overruled  him. 
That  sort  of  thing  we  are  rapidly  putting  in  the 
past,  and  I  think  it  is  mainly  due  to  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association.  For  with  a  board  of 
representative  men  and  women  who  are  made 
acquainted  through  library  publications  with  the 
keen,  active  spirit  which  is  dominating  the  li- 
brary movement,  the  cry  of  old  fogyism  will  be 
no  more.  Nor  is  it  a  case  of  "  a  little  learning 
is  a  dangerous  thing";  rather  is  it  a  case  of 
nice  adjustment;  the  librarian  knows  library 
methods  and  is  imbued  with  library  spirit;  his 
trustees  know  the  town  to  which  he  is  called, 
can  give  him  valuable  hints  about  reaching  the 
people,  and  can  open  the  avenue  toward  local 
history  and  special  collections,  besides  being 
keenly  alive  to  the  needs  of  the  community,  and 
ready  to  give  the  librarian  the  backing  which  at 
times  is  restful,  at  least. 

Now  we  come  to  the  assistant  and  the  aid 
which  comes  to  the  librarian  through  her  —  I 
believe  a  foreign  visitor  described  the  American 
assistant  as  of  the  feminine  gender.  In  writing 
of  her  some  one  has  said,  and  rather  aptly  I 
fear,  that  the  librarian's  trials  with  her  were 
probably  "as  water  unto  wine"  compared  to 
her  trials  with  the  librarian.  To  make  the 
assistant  what  her  name  implies  she  should  be 
a  consistent  part  of  the  whole,  and  should  be 
drilled  to  fill  her  post  in  the  library  accurately; 
it  seems  to  me  that  this  can  best  be  done  by 
apprenticeship;  in  the  small  library  she  serves 
directly  under  the  librarian,  and  in  the  large  li- 
brary I  would  have  apprentices  in  each  depart- 


ment; in  either  case,  by  personal  contact  and  by 
practical  application,  she  learns  methods  and  un- 
consciously acquires  the  spirit  of  the  institution; 
she  has  time  and  means  to  perfect  herself  and 
to  understand  how  given  instructions  are  to  be 
carried  out  before  she  is  called  upon  officially  to 
comply.  Above  all  things,  let  her  be  trained 
gradually  in  the  various  departments  through 
her  apprenticeship  before  she  is  put  in  the  po- 
sition of  assistant,  so  that  when  made  assistant 
she  may  at  any  time  temporarily  fill  any  posi- 
tion; and  in  case  of  an  absence  or  rush  in  one 
department,  the  work  may  go  on  smoothly. 

For  assistance  in  sympathetic  co-operation 
from  patrons  in  the  library,  everything  depends 
upon  the  intelligence  of  the  community,  and 
anything  that  can  raise  its  standard  is  of  the 
greatest  aid  to  the  librarian.  I  would  suggest, 
besides  general  university  extension  courses, 
and  any  other  lectures  of  high  standard  to 
which  the  librarian  should  give  his  support,  the 
advisability  of  introducing  library  courses  in 
university  extension,  and  I  would  make  the 
movement  as  widespread  as  possible.  This 
would  eventually  lift  a  great  load  from  the  li- 
brarian's shoulders.  I  refer  to  the  amount 
of  energy  and  tact  which  he  must  expend  in 
explaining  the  pros  and  cons  to  the  recently 
elected  librarian  who  has  to  know  it  all  in  a 
day  or  two. 

Coming  to  aids  which  are  technically  con- 
sidered as  the  librarian's,  is  the  advisability  of 
joining  clubs  for  the  sake  of  their  publications. 
This  is  especially  valuable  for  local  history, 
as  in  the  Parkman  Club  of  Wisconsin,  which 
makes  a  study  of  northwestern  history  with 
especial  reference  to  Wisconsin.  Look  into 
your  own  state  and  if  there  is  a  club  which 
can  help  you,  join  it;  begin  at  home  and  in- 
crease the  circle  outward  as  far  as  is  expedient. 

The  joining  of  local  clubs  is,  of  course,  a 
great  aid  in  coming  into  closer  relations  with 
the  townspeople,  and  also  affords  a  greater 
opportunity  of  working  up  club  programs  and 
directing  the  reading  of  the  clubs.  This  brings 
me  to  a  short  list  which  is  not  meant  to  be 
comprehensive  but  is  merely  suggestive  and 
useful  in  opening  the  way  to  all  sorts  of  hints, 
instructions,  reference  lists,  and  bibliographical 
aids.  This  will  be  most  helpful  as  a  start  to 
save  unnecessary  work,  and  as  the  needs  of 
the  library  become  greater,  and  its  resources  in- 
crease, it  will  suggest  more  extensive  aids. 


DODGE. 


69 


First  come  those  books  with  which  we  are  all 
familiar,  but  which  as  old  friends  we  are  always 
glad  to  see,  for  they  are  rich  in  suggestion  and 
their  spirit  is  most  helpful.  I  refer  to  Dana's 
"  Public  library  handbook,"  published  by  Car- 
son, Harper  &  Co.,  Denver,  1895,  a  little  book 
which  fills  many  needs.  It  has  an  annotated  list 
of  magazines  which  is  helpful,  and  a  list  of  books 
for  schools,  and  under  the  subject  of  book  selec- 
tion reference  is  made  to  critical  periodicals. 

Miss  Plummer's  "Hints  to  small  libraries," 
published  by  the  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library 
of  Brooklyn,  gives  valuable  suggestions  in  the 
organizing  of  a  library  and  in  its  administra- 
tion, and  is  of  great  value  to  librarians  who 
have  not  had  opportunity  for  training. 

W.  H.  Wheatley's  "How  to  catalogue  a  li- 
library,"  published  by  Armstrong  in  the  "  Book 
lover's  library,"  gives  the  first  principles  of 
cataloging  and  a  discussion  of  different  catalog- 
ing rules;  and  Mr.  Fletcher's  "  Public  libraries 
in  America,"  published  by  Roberts  Bros,  in 
1895,  gives  a  history  of  the  library  movement, 
details  of  library  management,  etc. 

These  books,  together  with  the  Library  Jour- 
nal and  Public  Libraries,  contain  the  essentials  of 
public  library  management,  with  lists  and  ref- 
erences leading  to  specialization. 

As  a  beginning  in  school-wock  I  suggest 
Channing  and  Hart's  "Guide  to  the  study  of 
American  history,"  published  in  Boston  by 
Ginn,  1896,  because  we  want  to  stimulate  the 
interest  in  history,  and  first  and  foremost  in 
American  history.  This  book  takes  up  meth- 
ods, books,  bibliography,  and  topics  with  refer- 
ences. 

There  are  also  lists  of  books  which  are  of 
great  aid  in  working  with  children,  as: 

Miss  Hewins's  "Selected  list  of  books  for 
boys  and  girls,"  Library  Bureau,  1897,  10  c. 

Leypoldt  and  Iles's  "List  of  books  for  girls 
and  women  and  their  clubs,"  Library  Bureau, 
1895,  75  c.  This  contains  a  list,  with  full  anno- 
tations, of  250  American,  British,  and  Canadian 
authors. 

The  "  Supplement  to  Sargent's  '  Reading  for 
the  young,'  "  Library  Bureau,  1896,  $1.00.  This 
includes  books  for  1890-95,  and  it  contains  a 
subject-index  of  the  whole  work. 

There  are  many  lists  of  books  for  children 
published  by  different  libraries,  which  may  be 
had  for  the  asking ;  also  in  the  "  Regents' 
bulletin,"  no.  6,  of  the  University  of  the  State 


of  New  York,  are  valuable  supplemental  read- 
ing lists  for  schools. 

Almost  equal  in  interest  to  the  work  with  the 
schools  is  that  of  getting  a  strong  hold  on  the 
public  through  the  local  clubs,  in  getting  as 
much  of  their  work  into  the  library  as  possible; 
not  only  in  preparing  their  reference  lists,  but 
in  being  equipped  to  help  in  the  preparation  of 
their  programs.  To  this  end  I  would  be  on  the 
lookout  for  outlines  of  club  work  such  as  are 
published  in  the  Michigan  State  Library  Bulle- 
tin^ no.  i,  which  gives  a  list  of  club  programs  of 
Michigan.  There  were  very  valuable  outlines 
published  also  in  the  annual  report  for  1894  of 
the  New  York  State  Library,  extension  depart- 
ment, under  "  Outlines  of  approved  work  in 
New  York  ";  these  have  been  printed  separate- 
ly in  pamphlet  form. 

There  are  also  outlines  for  club  work  pub- 
lished in  the  different  magazines;  some  valuable 
ones  have  appeared  in  The  Arts,  The  Outlook, 
The  Bookbuyer,  and  The  Lotus. 

Also,  the  syllabi  of  courses  in  university  ex- 
tension are  rich  in  suggestion  ;  these  are  all 
toward  the  making  of  programs  ;  after  the  pro- 
grams are  in  form  it  is  admissible  to  go  through 
the  list,  making  references  for  each  meeting, 
and  putting  them  on  file,  where  the  club  people 
can  freely  consult  them,  and  when  the  tempo- 
rary use  is  over  arranging  them  with  the  refer- 
ence lists  for  future  use. 

For  most  of  us  it  is  necessary  to  work  grad- 
ually up  from  one  grade  of  fiction  to  a  higher 
grade,  and  from  that  to  a  systematic  study  of 
literature,  history,  religion,  science,  or  the  arts. 
To  this  end  we  must  have  a  comprehensive 
knowledge  of  what  fiction  contains.  While 
there  are  many  lists  which  are  very  helpful,  we 
look  forward  with  interest  to  one  book  which 
will  be  a  comprehensive  subject  index  to  fic- 
tion.* There  are  lists  of  fiction  published  by 
different  libraries  which  are  easily  obtained 
and  very  helpful,  such  as  the  excellent  catalog 
of  historical  fiction  published  by  the  Brookline 
(Mass.)  Public  Library,  1897. 

There  is  a  very  valuable  list  of  the  books 
which  first  appeared  in  magazine  form  in  the 
Bulletin  of  Bibliography,  published  by  the  Bos- 
ton Book  Co.  This  is  by  E.  D.  Tucker,  is  uni- 
form with  Poole,  and  refers  by  volume  to  serial 

*  "  Comprehensive  subject  index  to  universal  prose  fic- 
tion," by  Mrs.  Zella  Allen  Dixson  ;  to  be  published  by 
Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.  in  the  fall  of  1897. 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


issue.  In  a  small  library  it  is  especially  help- 
ful to  be  able  to  find  a  story  in  magazines  which 
could  not  be  afforded  in  book  form,  and  often  it 
is  gratifying  to  be  able  to  duplicate  a  popular 
book  ;  and  it  goes  a  long  way  toward  making 
friends  for  the  library. 

The  Bulletin  of  Bibliography  brings  us  to 
another  class  of  easily  obtained  aids  in  refer- 
ence work  :  the  bulletins  published  by  differ- 
ent libraries  are  either  free,  as  that  of  Salem, 
or  cost  a  nominal  sum,  as  the  Providence 
bulletin,  which  is  soc.  per  year.  They  contain 
reference  lists,  bibliographical  aids,  etc.,  and 
often,  as  in  that  of  Providence,  publish  quar- 
terly, or  at  regular  intervals,  an  index  to  all 
the  reference  lists  which  are  published  by  dif- 
ferent libraries.  This  is  a  great  saving  of  time, 
for  any  reference  list  which  is  indexed  may  be 
had  by  asking  the  library  which  publishes  it. 


As  to  contemporary  work  in  periodicals,  if  a 
small  library  cannot  afford  the  "  Cumulative  in- 
dex," it  can  do  good  work  with  the  Review  of 
Reviews. 

These  few  suggestions  are  not  meant  in  any 
way  as  iron-clad  rules.  But  let  the  impression 
be,  to  use  wisely  and  well  the  resources  which 
are  available  to  each,  for  if  a  few  good  things 
are  made  much  of,  others  will  be  the  more  easily 
obtained,  and  there  will  never  be  the  danger  of 
helplessly  waiting  for  a  printed  formula  to  ap- 
ply to  each  emergency.  As  a  warning  against 
such  apathy  I  quote  a  pathetic  little  verse  which 
carries  with  it  a  strong  moral : 

"  The  centipede  was  happy  quite 

Until  a  toad  for  fun 

Said  '  Pray  which  leg  comes  after  which  ? ' 
This  worked  her  mind  to  such  a  pitch, 
She  lay  distracted  in  a  ditch 

Considering  how  to  run." 


BOOK   SELECTION. 


BY   ELIZABETH   P.    ANDREWS,    N.    Y.    STATE   LIBRARY   SCHOOL,   ALBANY. 


HHHE  old  definition  of  the  library  as  a  collec- 
tion of  books  does  not  fully  describe  the 
modern  library  ;  we  are  learning  to  regard  the 
library  as  something  more  than  four  walls  en- 
closing a  collection  of  books  of  all  kinds  and 
description,  purchased  or  given.  It  should  be  a 
selection  of  the  best  books  for  the  individual 
library.  Conditions  will  vary  greatly,  and  the 
test  of  the  book  is  its  suitability  and  fitness  in 
the  particular  place  in  which  it  is  found. 

Few  libraries  are  so  large  as  to  attempt  to 
include  all  books,  even  all  of  value,  and  every 
library,  large  or  small,  needs  to  exercise  care 
and  discretion  in  the  selection  of  books;  but  it 
is  the  small  library,  with  its  very  limited  in- 
come, of  which  we  are  speaking  to-day,  and  it 
is  in  this  library  that  it  is  most  necessary  that 
the  selection  be  made  carefully  and  wisely. 

The  principle  of  selection  applies  not  only  in 
buying  books,  but  also  in  the  care  and  dis- 
position of  them,  however  acquired.  Gifts 
make  their  way  to  the  library  from  individuals 
or  from  the  government,  and  it  is  as  important 
to  select  from  these  what  the  library  really  re- 
quires as  to  make  a  careful  choice  of  the  new 
books  for  the  library  to  buy.  A  more  generous 
spirit  of  co-operation  between  the  large  and 


small  library  is  beginning  to  show  itself,  and  it 
is  in  the  disposition  of  gifts  that  the  co-oper- 
ative spirit  can  be  of  the  greatest  service.  The 
old  pamphlet  which  the  small  library  does  not 
want,  and  cannot  use,  may  complete  a  valuable 
collection  in  some  large  library  making  a  spe- 
cialty-of  the  subject,  while  the  duplicate  of  a 
modern  popular  book  which  the  large  library 
will  gladly  exchange  may  fill  a  real  want  in 
the  village  library.  The  application  of  this 
principle  will  result  in  placing  books  where 
they  will  be  most  useful  regardless  of  selfish 
considerations. 

In  the  zeal  to  establish  free  libraries  in  every 
city  and  town,  indiscriminate  haste  is  sometimes 
shown,  on  the  supposition  that  to  procure  a 
room  or  building  and  fill  it  with  books  is  all 
that  is  necessary.  Books  are  bought  hurriedly, 
without  sufficient  thought  of  their  appropriate- 
ness to  the  needs  of  the  community,  and  gifts 
from  old  attics  are  welcomed,  regardless  of  the 
fact  that  they  are  often  of  little  or  no  value. 

It  seems  to  add  impressiveness  to  the  annual 
report  to  say  that  500  volumes  have  been  given 
to  the  library,  and  to  evidence  its  prosperity. 
But  such  prosperity  is  in  appearance  only  ; 
each  book  is  an  expense  to  the  library,  even  if 


ANDREWS. 


there  is  no  original  cost.  It  must  be  cared  for, 
accessioned  and  cataloged,  labelled  and  kept 
in  repair,  and  in  circulation  a  dull  or  out-of- 
date  book  may  do  actual  harm,  repelling  the 
very  person  one  desires  most  to  attract. 

A  step  which  seems  almost  radical  has  been 
taken  in  Quincy,  Mass.,  where  the  library 
had  outgrown  its  new  limits,  and  a  new  build- 
ing, or  addition  to  the  old  one,  seemed  a  neces- 
sity. Unwilling  to  incur  the  expense,  it  has 
been  decided,  as  you  all  know,  to  withdraw  the 
least  useful  books  from  the  library,  keeping 
the  number  of  volumes  within  the  limits  of 
15,000,  which  the  trustees  consider  a  working 
library  for  a  small  town.  Public  documents, 
books  of  only  ephemeral  value,  old  school- 
books,  etc.,  have  been  removed,  and  either 
sent  to  libraries,  where  they  will  be  really  use- 
ful, or  sold  to  the  second-hand  dealer,  and  it  is 
intended  to  continue  this  practice,  so  that  the 
library  shall  be  in  every  sense  a  selected  li- 
brary, containing  only  actually  needed  books. 

Such  a  method,  however,  requires  constant 
changes  in  the  records  ;  printed  catalogs  be- 
come inaccurate  as  soon  as  published,  the  ex- 
pense of  getting  rid  of  the  books  is  almost  as 
great  as  of  keeping  them  upon  the  shelves,  and 
much  care  and  thought  on  the  part  of  the  libra- 
rian or  trustee  is  involved,  if  the^selection  is  a 
judicious  one.  This  may,  however,  be  the  best 
thing  to  do  under  the  circumstances,  and  it  is 
always  necessary  to  look  out  for  the  changing 
values  of  books,  to  rid  oneself  to-day  of  the  book 
which  was  the  best  to  be  had  yesterday;  but  as 
far  as  possible  the  selection  should  take  place  at 
the  beginning.  The  more  careful  one  is  in  ad- 
mitting to  the  shelves,  the  less  danger  will  there 
be  of  an  accumulation  of  worthless  and  useless 
books  to  make  trouble  later. 

In  the  selection  of  the  first  books  to  form  a 
new  library,  there  is  always  a  Scylla  and 
Charybdis  awaiting  the  unwary  librarian  or 
trustee.  On  one  side  is  the  great  temptation  to 
have  the  library  represent  the  best  thought  and 
culture  of  the  world  in  all  ages.  In  the  desire 
to  fill  the  library  with  the  very  best,  one  fact  is 
lost  sight  of,  i.e.,  that  it  is  not  the  abstract 
value  of  the  book,  but  its  adaptability  to  the 
needs  of  the  reader,  that  makes  it  the  right 
book  in  the  right  place. 

What  can  be  more  elevating  and  inspiring 
than  the  thoughts  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  the 
words  of  wisdom  from  Socrates  and  Plato,  the 


poetry  of  Dante  or  Milton,  or  the  essays  of  a 
Carlyle  or  an  Emerson  ;  but  if  they  stand  idle 
upon  the  shelves,  if  there  are  no  lighter  and 
more  popular  books  to  lead  up  to  them,  they  are 
of  little  service  in  the  library,  and  are  render- 
ing the  library  less  useful  than  it  otherwise 
would  be. 

Some  years  ago  a  subscription  library  was 
started  in  a  small  town,  and  the  subscribers  ap- 
pointed as  a  book  committee  the  three  most 
scholarly,  thoughtful,  and  intelligent  men  of  the 
village,  who  expended  much  care  and  labor 
upon  the  choice  of  books  for  the  little  library 
taking  infinite  pains  to  procure  the  best  litera- 
ture that  the  world  could  afford.  The  standard 
authors  in  prose  and  verse  were  all  upon  the 
shelves  ;  translations  of  the  classic  writers 
and  full  editions  of  the  English  authors. 
History  was  represented  by  Gibbon's  "  Decline 
and  fall  of  the  Roman  empire,"  Mommsen's 
"Rome,"  Grote's  "History  of  Greece,"  Ali- 
son's "Modern  Europe,"  Bancroft's  "United 
States,"  to  say  nothing  of  Neander's  "  Church 
history,"  in  a  number  of  volumes.  The 
library  has  been  struggling  ever  since  to  lift  its 
head,  weighed  down  by  these  ponderous  vol- 
umes, and  its  usefulness  was  crippled  for  years 
by  the  injudicious  selection  of  material,  good 
in  itself,  but  not  good  for  the  place  it  was  to  fill. 

But  having  escaped  Scylla,  we  have  to  beware 
of  Charybdis,  and  also  of  the  person  who  is 
anxious  to  get  as  many  books  as  possible  for 
every  dollar,  regardless  of  their  contents. 
Such  a  person  will  eagerly  watch  the  second- 
hand stores,  and  if  one  of  the  large  department 
stores  advertises  a  list  of  books  at  19  cents  a 
volume,  it  is  hard  to  convince  him  that  it  is  not 
advisable  to  send  for  the  whole  list,  and  so  pro- 
cure five  books  for  one  bought  in  the  regular 
way.  This  method  has  nothing  to  recommend 
it,  for  it  is  extravagant  rather  than  economical  ; 
the  books  are  cheaply  made  and  do  not  last  ; 
they  are  generally  poor  books,  or  at  best  in- 
ferior translations  or  editions  of  really  good 
ones. 

No  general  rules  can  be  laid  down  for  every 
library  to  follow  ;  each  must  study  its  own 
needs  and  conditions.  The  town  devoted  to 
manufactures,  with  a  large  foreign  population, 
will  need  a  very  different  class  of  books 
from  that  required  for  the  farming  com- 
munity, or  for  the  suburb  of  some  city  with  a 
large  number  of  cultured  readers. 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


There  is  one  class  which  is  found  in  every 
town  and  village  —  the  children;  and  their  cor- 
ner of  the  library  should  be  a  large  one  in 
every  case.  School  courses  should  be  examined 
and  books  to  be  used  in  connection  with  them 
provided,  supplementary  reading  furnished,  and 
also  a  good  supply  of  books  for  general  read- 
ing ;  books  that  will  tell  the  boy  how  to  make 
an  electric  dynamo  or  a  water  wheel  ;  for  the 
collector,  books  upon  bugs  and  butterflies,  with 
directions  as  to  their  care  and  treatment,  as 
well  as  descriptions  of  the  different  varieties 
possible  for  him  to  collect.  The  girl  should 
have  her  share  of  such  books;  she  maybe  a 
young  naturalist,  too,  perhaps  would  be  oftener 
than  she  is,  with  the  right  book  to  stir  up  the 
budding  interest.  Indoor  games  for  the  long 
winter  evenings  and  out-of-door  sports  for 
spring  and  summer  will  find  plenty  of  use. 
American  history  should  occupy  a  large  place 
upon  the  shelves  ;  not  only  general  histories, 
such  as  Eggleston  and  Higginson,  but  stories 
connected  with  persons  and  places  of  historic 
interest.  Coffin's  books  are  admirable;  Lodge's 
"  Hero  tales  from  American  history,"  Drake's 
"  Watch-fires  of  '76,"  Scudder's  "  Life  of 
Washington,"  Brooks'  "Story of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln," will  make  the  dead  bones  of  "hist'ry," 
cordially  hated  by  the  school  boy  and  girl,  alive 
with  interest. 

Perhaps  there  is  danger  of  making  the  chil- 
dren's corner  too  prominent,  and  of  allowing 
the  younger  readers  to  monopolize  attention; 
others  besides  children  have  rights,  but  if  the 
children's  room  and  the  children's  books  may 
receive  too  large  a  share  of  thought,  the  fad  is 
a  wholesome  one,  and  we  need  not  have  much 
fear  of  carrying  it  too  far.  The  departments 
need  not  be  widely  separated,  and  old  and 
young  will  use  them  both.  The  immature 
mind  of  older  growth  will  find  the  child's  book 
of  science  just  what  it  needs  to  furnish  new 
thoughts  and  interests,  while  the  wise  librarian 
will  watch  every  opportunity  to  lead  the  boy 
from  Henty  to  Scott,  from  the  verse  of  St. 
Nicholas  to  that  of  the  poets. 

If  the  village  library  is  not  supplemented  by 
a  college  library,  or  is  not  in  close  proximity  to 
a  large  town,  reference-books  should  be  bought 
as  freely  as  possible,  but  with  the  greatest 
care.  The  library  with  an  income  of  a  few 
hundred  dollars  cannot  afford  to  spend  a  large 
part  of  it  on  the  "  Encyclopaedia  Britannica," 


or  the  "  Century  dictionary,"  much  as  it  would 
like  to  own  those  standard  authorities.  The  new 
edition  of  Webster,  and  Johnson's  "Universal 
cyclopaedia,"  in  eight  volumes,  will  prove  satis- 
factory substitutes,  and  the  money  saved  can 
be  more  usefully  expended  upon  some  of  the 
many  handbooks,  books  of  quotations  and 
general  information  and  cyclopaedias  or  dic- 
tionaries of  literature.  The  small  library  will 
hardly  be  able  to  buy  Smith's  "  Classical  dic- 
tionaries," but  will  find  that  Harper  or  Seyffert, 
in  one  volume,  will  take  the  place  of  the  larger 
and  more  valuable  works. 

Tables  have  been  made  to  show  the  propor- 
tions to  be  allotted  to  the  different  classes,  and 
a  good  general  guide  can  be  found  in  Public 
Libraries  for  May,  1896,  as  well  as  in  the 
"  Catalog  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Library."  These 
must  be  modified  to  suit  different  needs,  but 
would  be  helpful  in  forming  a  basis. 

In  the  very  general  remarks  to  which  this 
paper  is  limited,  it  can  only  be  recommended  to 
begin  near  the  level  of  the  average  reader,  but 
keeping  always  a  little  in  advance. 

In  history  it  is  better  to  buy  the  short  one- 
volume  history,  which  is  readable,  and  yet 
sufficiently  accurate,  rather  than  the  long  stand- 
ard histories,  which  will  stand  upon  the  shelves 
only  to  gather  dust.  It  is  better  to  buy  fuller 
histories  for  specially  important  periods  than 
the  long  general  histories  which  discourage  the 
reader  at  the  beginning.  Fiske's  "  History  of 
the  American  Revolution"  and  the  "Critical 
period  of  American  history "  give  the  reader 
an  instructive,  and  at  the  same  time  fascinating 
picture  of  the  beginnings  of  our  history  as  a 
nation.  A  short,  interesting  history  of  the 
French  Revolution  is  harder  to  find,  but  Mig- 
net,  Stephen,  or  Gardiner  will  prove  more 
satisfactory  than  that  in  any  of  the  long  gen- 
eral histories.  The  series  entitled  "  Epochs  of 
history  "  give  very  good  accounts  of  many  of 
the  important  periods,  Gardiner's  "  Thirty 
years'  war"  being  one  of  the  best  of  these. 

History  naturally  leads  to  biography  ;  as 
much  of  American  history  can  be  learned 
through  biography  as  in  any  other  way,  and 
lives  of  Napoleon  will  give  one  the  best  picture 
of  France  during  its  most  interesting  and  im- 
portant period.  In  general,  brief  rather  than 
exhaustive  lives  should  be  sought  for ;  the 
"American  statesmen"  series,  the  "Men  of 
letters  "  for  both  England  and  America,  are  too 


ANDREWS. 


73 


well  known  to  need  mentioning,  and  these  short- 
er biographies,  studies  rather  than  portraits, 
as  Mr.  Larned  calls  them,  may  all  be  included 
with  profit,  though  a  selection  might  well  be 
made,  for  even  in  the  best  series  the  books 
vary  and  are  of  unequal  value. 

Books  of  travel  which  bring  into  narrow 
lives  glimpses  of  wider  surroundings  and  dif- 
ferent aspects  of  thought,  perhaps  appeal  first 
to  the  uncultured  reader,  and  if  brought  to 
their  notice,  Miss  Bacon's  "Japanese  girls  and 
women,"  Parsons'  "  Notes  on  Japan,"  Davis's 
"About  Paris,"  "The  west  from  a  car  win- 
dow," or  "  Rulers  of  the  Mediterranean,"  will 
often  tempt  them  to  leave  the  novel  usually 
asked  for  in  its  place  upon  the  shelves. 

It  is  even  more  important  in  the  fields  of  lit- 
erature to  beware  of  complete  sets.  Few 
authors  have  written  so  evenly  that  all  their 
work  is  on  the  same  high  level  with  their  mas- 
terpieces, and  when  the  inclusion  of  a  complete 
set  of  one  author  means  the  entire  exclusion  of 
another,  the  loss  to  the  library  is  great. 

A  large  proportion  of  fiction  may  be  included, 
but  great  care  must  be  taken  to  select  only  that 
which  is  good  and  pure  and  of  some  literary 
value.  The  small  library  will  find  that  it  has 
not  money  enough  to  buy  all  the  vgood  novels, 
and  that  it  can  supply  literature  light  enough  for 
any  need,  and  yet  neither  worthless  nor  vicious. 

These  books  will  fill,  to  a  large  extent,  the 
shelves  of  the  smaller  libraries.  Philosophy 
will  need  but  little  room.  In  religion,  sectarian 
books  should  as  far  as  possible  be  avoided,  but 
some  sermons  breathing  a  broad  spirit  of 
Christianity  will  be  appreciated,  and  Washing- 
ton Gladden's  "Who  wrote  the  Bible?"  many 
of  Lyman  Abbott's  books,  and  Van  Dyke's 
"  Gospel  for  an  age  of  doubt,"  will  never  be 
out  of  place. 

Sociology  will  tempt  the  modern  librarian 
interested  in  the  problems  and  perplexities  of  a 
complex  civilization,  and  there  is  a  greater 
call  for  books  bearing  upon  such  questions  as 
time  goes  on,  which  should  be  encouraged,  but 
a  library  in  a  small  town  should  not  be  stocked 
with  a  large  collection  of  books  upon  theories 
of  political,  economic,  and  social  problems,  in 
which  the  reader  would  only  flounder  without 
gaining  any  clear  idea  of  the  subject. 

Books  upon  practical  philanthropy,  and 
short,  clear  expositions  of  the  most  important 
questions  may  be  bought. 


With  very  little  money  to  expend  for  books, 
it  may  seem  impossible  to  include  periodicals  in 
the  list,  and  the  library  will  sometimes  depend 
for  the  most  of  its  magazines  upon  the  gener- 
osity of  friends  who  promise  to  send  Harper, 
Century,  or-  the  Review  of  Reviews,  when  they 
have  finished  reading  them.  This  may  serve 
for  a  while,  but  at  best  is  very  uncertain,  and 
some  numbers  will  never  reach  the  library, 
while  others  will  come  so  late  as  to  do  no  good 

An  attractive  reading-room  is  an  important 
adjunct  to  the  library,  and  no  money  is  more 
usefully  expended  than  that  used  for  the  maga- 
zines, which  appeal  alike  to  old  and  young, 
which  give  current  news,  items  of  interest  in 
the  scientific  world,  as  well  as  short  stories, 
pictures  for  the  children,  and  household  infor- 
mation for  the  mothers. 

In  making  practical  applications  of  these 
principles,  the  librarian  will  find  bibliographical 
aids  on  every  side,  which  the  library  of  10 
years  ago  had  to  do  without,  and  there  is  much 
less  excuse  for  an  ill-assorted,  poorly  selected 
library  to-day  than  at  that  time.  There  seems 
to  be  no  need  of  speaking  even  for  10  minutes 
upon  the  subject  of  the  selection  of  books  for 
the  small  library.  It  has  all  been  said  in  the 
"Catalog  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Library."  There 
is  the  principle  and  the  model,  and  the  town  or 
village  establishing  a  new  library  can  do  no 
better  than  use  it  as  a  basis  for  all  purchases. 
Its  supplements  will  bring  it  down  to  date,  and 
together  give  a  complete  guide  to  the  best  liter- 
ature for  the  working  library. 

The  "List  of  books  for  girls  and  women," 
compiled  by  Leypoldt  and  lies,  gives  critical 
notes  upon  books  and  authors  and  is  almost  in- 
valuable. Sargeant  and  Whishaw's  "Guide- 
book to  books  "  furnishes  6000  titles  in  a  classi- 
fied arrangement,  but  is  an  English  publication, 
and  not  as  useful  to  the  American  library  desir- 
ing American  editions.  In  buying  children's 
books,  Miss  Hewins'  annotated  list,  just  pub- 
lished by  the  Publishing  Section  of  the  Associa- 
tion, is  the  first  thing,  but  may  be  supplemented 
by  Mr.  Hardy's  "  500  books  for  the  young," 
published  by  Scribner,  and  also  by  the  various 
lists  recommended  for  school  libraries. 

After  the  library  is  started,  the  librarian  will 
find  it  a  more  difficult  [task  to  decide  upon  the 
current  literature,  particularly  if  the  income  is 
very  small,  and  each  book  must  be  weighed  and 
considered. 


74 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


The  method  used  in  the  New  York  State  Li- 
brary School  for  noting  the  new  books  and  as- 
certaining their  value  might,  I  think,  be  used 
with  value  by  the  small  library.  Each  week 
the  books  which  it  is  thought  would  be  desira- 
ble are  checked  in  the  Publishers'  Weekly,  and 
then  the  entries  are  cut  out  and  mounted 
on  slips,  while  the  critical  periodicals  are  in- 
dexed for  reviews  ;  the  references  to  the  re- 
views being  given  in  abbreviated  form  on  the 
slip. 

The  librarian  might  use  a  double  check  mark 
for  books  about  which  there  was  no  doubt,  or 
which  the  library  could  afford  to  buy  at  once, 
and  the  entries  could  be  put  into  the  hands  of 
the  book  committee  for  approval  without  delay. 
The  others  arranged  in  alphabetical  order  would 
form  a  basis  for  the  purchases  of  the  library 
from  time  to  time. 


The  fiction  lists  published  by  the  Massachu- 
setts Library  Club,  with  critical  notes  on  each 
book,  were  a  great  help,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
some  way  will  be  found  of  continuing  them. 
The  New  York  list  of  the  50  best  books  of  the 
year  for  the  village  library  aids  greatly  in  sift- 
ing the  wheat  from  the  chaff,  and  the  longer 
list  from  which  the  50  are  selected  is  useful  to 
the  larger  library. 

Advice  should  be  asked  from  competent  critics 
and  from  those  interested  in  some  special  sub- 
ject, and  the  librarian  with  a  small  income 
will  do  well  to  make  haste  slowly  ;  it  is  better 
to  wait  for  the  help  gained  from  reviews,  from 
such  lists  as  I  have  mentioned  and  trust- 
worthy opinion,  and  most  important  of  all  from 
personal  examination,  than  to  be  ambitious  to 
have  a  new  book  upon  the  shelves  as  soon  as 
it  is  published. 


ADVERTISING   A   LIBRARY. 


BY   MARY   EMOGENE   HAZELTINE,   LIBRARIAN  OF  THE  JAMES   PRENDERGAST  FREE  LIBRARY, 

JAMESTOWN,  N.  Y. 


TOURING  the  Crimean  war,  a  French  soldier, 
dying,  gave  to  the  nurse  who  attended 
him  a  gift,  something  to  be  preserved  as  a 
memento,  she  thought.  After  the  war  she  re- 
turned to  France,  carefully  keeping  the  gift. 
Charmed  with  its  singular  beauty  and  fineness, 
as  soon  as  she  was  able  she  had  it  framed 
and  hung  over  the  fireplace  in  her  humble  dwell- 
ing, that  it  might  be  constantly  before  her, 
something  to  enjoy,  and  for  many  years  it 
cheered  her.  One  day,  some  one  entering  her 
abode  noticed  the  little  ornament  so  honored  in 
the  cottage,  and  inquired  concerning  it.  Then 
did  she  learn  that  the  beautiful  token  was  a 
note  on  the  Bank  of  France  of  the  highest  de- 
nomination, and  that  during  all  her  years  of 
poverty  and  hardship  she  had  been  rich  but  had 
not  known  it. 

The  free  libraries  in  our  cities  and  towns 
adorn  them,  in  truth,  as  the  framed  bank-note 
adorned  the  cottage  of  the  French  woman; 
but  far  too  many  in  every  community  regard 
the  library  merely  as  a  decoration,  an  orna- 
ment, a  very  proper  and  "  nice  "  thing  to  have 
in  the  town,  and  fail  entirely  to  understand  that 
it  is  for  their  enrichment. 


To  spread  abroad  a  knowledge  of  the  riches 
of  the  library,  helping  the  people  to  understand 
and  appreciate  that  its  wealth  is  for  their  use 
and  profit  and  enjoyment,  and  not  merely  an 
ornament,  is  the  duty  of  the  librarian.  So  we 
will  agree  at  the  beginning  that  the  object  of 
library  advertising  is  to  convey  to  all  the  com- 
munity a  knowledge  of  the  'whole  library.  This 
can  be  accomplished  in  several  ways,  chief 
among  which  are  newspaper  advertising,  posters 
and  cards  in  public  places  and  mills,  work  for 
clubs  and  schools,  and  personal  work  on  the 
part  of  the  librarian. 

The  local  newspaper  is  doubtless  the  best  ad- 
vertising medium,  for  it  goes  into  the  homes, 
and  the  messages  from  the  library  gain  an  audi- 
ence at  any  rate.  Whether  the  people  read 
the  library  article,  for  library  advertising  is 
reading  matter,  not  display  form,  depends 
largely  on  the  article  itself  and  its  place  in  the 
paper. 

In  advertising  through  the  newspapers,  it  is 
well  at  the  very  start  to  have  a  thorough  busi- 
ness understanding  with  the  manager  of  the 
paper.  Ascertain  what  will  be  published  for 
you  as  news  —  that  is,  free  of  charge,  and  what 


HAZEL  TINE. 


75 


must  be  paid  for  at  regular  advertising  rates. 
In  general,  all  articles  and  items  concerning  a 
library  are  published  free  of  charge,  being  con- 
sidered as  news  and  of  especial  interest  to  those 
who  read  the  paper.  But  if  you  advertise  a 
money-making  entertainment  to  raise  funds  for 
your  library,  it  must  be  paid  for,  as  newspapers 
do  not  consider  such  things  as  news  for  free 
publication,  even  in  behalf  of  a  free  library. 

Then,  as  a  matter  of  courtesy,  arrange  with 
the  editor  on  what  days  he  would  prefer  to  re- 
ceive copy  from  the  library.  We  have  found 
that  on  certain  days  of  the  week  special  mat- 
ter fills  the  columns  of  the  leading  paper, 
while  there  is  only  chance  news  for  the  other 
days.  Know  the  days  that  the  paper  has  copy 
assured  it,  and  plan  your  articles  for  the  days 
that  are  less  crowded,  so  winning  the  good  will 
and  special  regard  of  the  editor.  Saturday  is 
generally  a  day  of  much  news,  and  it  is  also  the 
day  that  the  paper  is  best  read,  for  there  is 
more  leisure.  Yet  it  is  advisable  to  have  an 
occasional  short,  pithy  article  from  the  library 
in  the  Saturday  issue,  even  though  the  columns 
may  be  crowded  with  other  matter,  for  it  will 
reach  more  people  and  be  read  more  carefully 
than  other  days. 

Then  it  is  satisfactory  to  have  an  understand- 
ing with  the  editor  concerning  the  space  to  be 
given  library  articles.  Our  leading  local  paper 
has  eight  pages;  the  first  page  gives  the  impor- 
tant telegraphic  news  and  local  events  of  great- 
est interest,  the  fifth  and  eighth  pages  give  the 
locals,  the  fourth  the  editorials,  and  these 
four  pages  are  glanced  over,  at  least,  by  all 
who  pick  up  the  paper.  The  second  and  third 
pages  are  plate  matter,  while  the  sixth  and 
seventh  are  scattering,  with  some  plate  matter, 
neighborhood  correspondence,  council  proceed- 
ings, and  a  few  local  matters  crowded  off  the 
other  pages.  It  can  be  seen  from  this  single 
example  that  certain  pages  of  every  newspaper 
are  more  sure  of  a  reading  than  others,  from 
the  very  nature  of  their  contents,  and  whenever 
it  is  possible  news  from  the  library  should  ap- 
pear on  these  pages.  \ 

The  merchant,  in  advertising,  recognizes  the 
importance  of  preferred  space,  and  has  the 
privilege  of  buying  whatever  he  desires.  But 
since  library  advertising  is  published  free  of 
charge  as  reading  matter,  you  cannot  dictate  as 
to  space.  Generally  we  say  nothing  about  the 
space  that  the  library  Hem  shall  occupy,  but 


occasionally  when  we  have  something  of  un- 
usual importance  or  interest,  we  ask  as  a  favor 
that  the  article  may  be  well  placed,  and  our  re- 
quest is  always  granted.  I  feel  especially  com- 
plimented when  the  library  is  given  space  on 
the  first  page,  for  an  article  there  will  attract 
attention  and  its  headlines  will  be  read  at  any 
rate.  Last  fall  our  list  of  books  on  the  money 
question  was  published  on  the  first  page,  while 
an  editorial  accorded  on  the  fourth  page  advised 
all  to  read  the  books  suggested  in  the  list.  We 
have  never  had  so  many  calls  for  books  pub- 
lished in  a  reading  list,  as  we  had  for  books  on 
the  money  question  on  the  days  immediately 
following  the  appearance  of  the  list  on  the  first 
page  of  the  paper.  We  notice  also  that  when 
lists  of  new  books  are  published,  the  demand 
for  them  is  greater  or  less  depending  on  the 
place  where  the  list  appeared. 

Perhaps  you  wonder  that  I  dwell  at  such 
length  on  what  is  apparently  a  small  part  of  li- 
brary advertising,  but  my  experience  has  been 
that  success  waits  on  careful  attention  to  these 
details,  and  a  full  understanding  of  existing 
conditions. 

After  the  arrangements  of  business  and 
courtesy  have  been  adjusted,  the  next  impor- 
tant consideration  is,  who  shall  write  the  arti- 
cles that  appear  in  the  papers  concerning  the 
library.  You  will  find  that  you  must  do  the 
most  of  the  writing  yourself,  if  you  wish  the 
library  adequately  kept  before  the  public,  thus 
adding  the  work  of  a  reporter  to  the  many 
things  that  have  come  to  be  part  of  the  libra- 
rian's profession.  It  is  true  that  the  library  is 
not  yet  on  the  assignment  book  of  the  news- 
paper office  ;  places  of  amusement,  the  police 
court  and  the  trains  are  visited  regularly  by  the 
reporters,  but  the  library  is  only  occasionally 
honored  by  them  ;  when  other  news  fails,  they 
remember  it.  So  the  library  would  have  only 
spasmodic  mention  if  the  reporters  were  de- 
pended upon  for  all  of  its  notices. 

Whatever  appears  in  our  papers  concerning 
the  library  we  prepare  ourselves,  for  the  most 
part,  thus  gaining  not  only  a  frequent  notice  in 
the  columns  of  the  paper,  but  the  statements 
made  as  we  wish  them,  for  however  well  inten- 
tioned  the  average  reporter  may  be,  he  can  not 
write  an  article  that  involves  professional  knowl- 
edge technically  correct ;  since  he  is  not  of  the 
order.  For  the  end  of  correct  representation, 
ministers  often  report  their  own  sermons  for  the 


76 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


local  papers,  and  lawyers  would  do  well  if  the 
court  proceedings  that  find  a  place  in  the  news- 
papers were  at  least  revised  by  them.  Not  long 
since  a  reporter  gave  a  very  wrong  impression 
of  a  trial  in  one  of  our  county  papers,  because 
he  did  not  understand  the  technicalities  of  the 
case.  At  the  suggestion  of  the  editor,  all  of  the 
articles  that  are  supplied  by  the  library  are 
signed,  to  prove  them  official.  I  use  simply  the 
signature,  The  Librarian,  and  three  years  and 
more  of  communicating  with  the  public  over 
this  signature  have  proved  to  me  the  wisdom  of 
its  use,  for  the  community  has  learned  that  it 
speaks  with  authority  concerning  the  ways  and 
means  of  the  library.  But  library  news  that 
comes  always  from  one  source  has  a  sameness 
that  is  monotonous,  so  let  the  reporter  help  in 
the  work  all  that  he  will,  or  all  that  you  can 
persuade  him  to.  Do  not  send  him  away  with- 
out some  news  whenever  he  calls  ;  suggest 
various  items  that  can  be  written  up  briefly 
under  the  leader,  Library  Notes,  or  let  him 
wander  about  the  building  as  he  pleases,  to 
gain  material  by  observation  for  "  a  story." 

If  there  is  more  than  one  paper  in  your  com- 
munity furnish  library  news  for  all  of  them. 
Probably  one  journal  will  be  superior  to  all  the 
others  and  read  by  more  people;  the  bulk  of 
your  news  will  doubtless  go  to  this,  perhaps  for 
the  very  reason  that  it  is  a  larger  sheet  and  can 
give  you  more  space.  But  do  not  slight  any  of 
the  papers,  rather,  make  them  all  the  friends  of 
the  library;  this  can  be  done  not  only  by  pro- 
viding copy  for  them  all,  but  by  dividing  your 
job  printing  among  them.  The  newspapers  are 
very  glad  to  grant  favors,  and  it  is  but  fair  to 
patronize  them  when  there  is  paid  work  to  be 
done. 

Having  decided  and  arranged  to  communicate 
with  the  public  through  the  newspapers,  the 
great  questions  are,  what  shall  be  advertised, 
and  how  can  advertising  matter  for  frequent 
notices  be  assured. 

Lists  of  new  books  published  at  short  inter- 
vals have  served  most  effectually  in  increasing 
and  keeping  our  patronage.  To  explain  how 
we  arrange  for  the  frequent  publication  of  new 
books  I  shall  be  obliged  to  let  you  into  a  secret 
regarding  our  buying.  We  have  no  book-store 
in  our  town  large  enough  or  sufficiently  well 
organized  to  supply  a  library,  except  to  meet  the 
demand  for  books  of  the  day,  so  we  buy  direct- 
ly from  New  York,  and  to  save  shipping  charges 


and  freight  buy  a  large  invoice  several  times 
during  the  year.  If  we  placed  in  circulation  at 
one  time  all  the  books  purchased  in  an  invoice 
we  would  have  new  books  only  two  or  three 
times  in  the  course  of  a  year,  which  would  not 
serve  to  sustain  a  living  interest  in  the  library. 
We  make  a  selection  of  those  that  are  most  in 
demand  —  the  popular  novels,  books  of  travel, 
the  latest  scientific  works,  or  books  that  are 
needed  by  some  study  or  reading  club  —  enough 
to  make  a  list  of  20  or  30,  and  after  cataloging, 
we  place  them  on  an  open  shelf  in  the  reading- 
room  for  general  inspection  before  publishing  a 
list  of  them  in  the  daily  paper.  The  understand- 
ing is  that  at  nine  o'clock  on  the  morning  fol- 
lowing the  publication  of  the  list  the  books  can 
be  drawn  for  home  reading,  and  patrons  will 
often  come  half  an  hour  early  to  secure  a  de- 
sired book. 

I  have  found  by  experience  that  it  is  wise  to 
issue  books  from  our  store-house  with  some 
method,  perhaps  choosing  all  the  travel  for  one 
issue,  the  biography  for  another,  United  States 
history  for  a  third,  with  some  books  in  minor 
classes  and  always  a  little  fiction  to  give  the 
necessary  variety.  My  object  in  issuing  books 
of  a  kind  together  is  two-fold.  First,  the  pub- 
lished list  has  the  continuity  of  a  catalog,  for  it 
is  printed,  even  in  the  newspaper,  in  regular 
catalog  form,  with  author,  title,  and  call-num- 
ber, and  serves  the  public  in  lieu  of  a  regular 
bulletin,  for  many  cut  the  lists  from  the  paper 
and  paste  them  in  their  finding  lists,  so  keeping 
their  printed  catalog  up  to  date. 

Secondly,  it  is  our  custom  to  publish  some 
notes  or  reviews  concerning  the  new  books, 
and  these  are  more  effective  when  there  is  a 
continuity  of  subject.  Generally  these  remarks 
introduce  the  list  of  books,  being  a  case  of 
placing  the  moral  first,  that  it  may  surely  be 
read.  I  refer  to  the  different  books  in  the  list 
"below,"  saying  a  certain  one  is  "  especially  in- 
teresting," while  another  will  be  found  "very 
timely  "  ;  that  all  have  heard  of  ' '  this  "  book,  and 
will  be  glad  to  know  that  it  can  be  found  in  the 
library;  that  of  a  certain  author  we  have  such 
and  such  books,  but  his  latest  book  has  been 
added,  and  will  be  found  more  interesting  per- 
haps than  any  of  his  others;  sometimes  I  write 
a  short  review  of  a  book,  the  purpose  of  it  all 
being  to  call  attention  to  the  books,  especially 
to  those  that  might  be  overlooked  because  their 
titles  are  not  suggestive  or  attractive.  I  do  not 


HAZELTINE. 


77 


print  long  notices,  as  they  would  not  be  read, 
and  as  too  much  information  leads  the  people  to 
think  that  we  consider  that  they  know  nothing 
about  the  new  publications  for  themselves,  or 
do  not  keep  in  touch  with  the  times. 

Head  lines  are  of  the  greatest  consideration 
in  connection  with  any  matter  for  publication. 
The  word  new  serves  as  a  magnet  always  — 
New  Books  of  Travel  at  the  Library  ;  Invoice 
of  Books  on  United  States  History  ;  The  Latest 
Books  on  Electricity  Ready  for  Circulation  at 
the  Library,  etc.,  etc. — for  headlines  suggest 
themselves  if  the  subject  matter  is  well  ar- 
ranged. 

I  find  that  besides  writing  the  articles  for  pub- 
lication it  is  well  to  look  to  the  proof-reading 
also  ;  in  fact,  it  is  very  important,  especially  in 
lists  of  new  books,  because  the  compositors  do 
not  understand  the  algebra  (as  they  call  it)  of 
the  Dewey  system,  and  make  woeful  work  of 
call  numbers,  the  snarl  of  which  the  proof- 
reader does  not  always  untangle.  Besides,  if 
writing  for  the  newspapers  is  new  to  you,  it  is 
advisable  to  see  your  copy  in  cold  print,  for 
often  it  seems  very  different  than  it  did  in  your 
own  writing,  and  a  few  changes'  may  greatly 
improve  it.  I  make  it  a  point  to  leave  my  copy 
with  the  city  editor  a  day  in  advance  of  its  pub- 
lication, so  it  is  early  in  type,  which  gives  me 
ample  time  to  read  the  revise  carefully.  Two 
years  ago  our  leading  paper  introduced  linotype 
machines,  and  we  have  arranged  to  have  all  the 
type  of  the  new  book  lists  saved  ;  when  we  are 
ready  to  issue  a  supplement  much  of  our  work 
is  done.  We  pay  interest  to  the  printing  com- 
pany on  their  investment  in  metal  for  the  type, 
and  will  pay  for  paper  and  press  work  when  the 
supplement  is  printed.  In  this  way  we  save  not 
only  time,  but  money. 

And  yet  another  point  regarding  the  publica- 
tion of  new  books  is  in  relation  to  the  internal 
economy  of  the  library.  We  have  found  it  wise 
to  advertise  the  circulation  of  new  books  for 
days  that  we  are  less  busy,  which  is  the  middle 
of  the  week.  Creating  a  demand  for  new  books 
on  dull  days  equalizes  the  work,  which  is  essen- 
tial in  a  library  with  a  small  force. 

Once  I  made  the  serious  mistake  of  placing 
a  notice  in  the  paper  that  an  invoice  of  books 
had  arrived  from  New  York  and  would  soon  be 
issued.  I  regretted  that  statement,  and  re- 
solved never  again  to  advertise  merely  for  the 
sake  of  having  something  appear  about  the  li- 


brary. Patrons  would  ask  daily,  "When  will 
the  new  books  be  ready"?  "What  are  some 
of  the  new  books  "  ?  "  Can't  I  have  a  new  book 
to-day"?  —  so  magnetic  is  anything  new!  So 
much  time  was  consumed  answering  questions 
that  it  took  much  longer  to  catalog  the  books 
than  it  otherwise  would  have  done.  But  we 
profit  by  mistakes,  and  out  of  an  annoying  ex- 
perience I  warn  you,  do  not  let  the  public  know 
that  you  have  received  new  books  until  they  are 
ready  for  inspection. 

While  new  books  serve  to  advertise  a  library 
and  make  it  popular,  other  things  are  necessary 
to  make  its  full  value  known  and  appreciated. 
Reference  lists  on  timely  topics  always  bring 
their  share  of  patronage.  I  remember  the  first 
reference  list  that  we  published  was  on  James 
Anthony  Froude,  at  the  time  of  his  death  ;  not 
a  popular  subject,  but  it  was  a  topic  of  the  day, 
and  we  were  endeavoring  at  the  time  to  make 
known  the  wealth  of  the  library  in  all  its  de- 
partments. The  paper  containing  the  list  was 
issued  at  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  and  be- 
fore the  library  closed  that  evening  there  were 
four  calls  from  the  list  by  students  who  were 
delighted  to  know  that  they  could  secure  those 
books. 

In  publishing  reference  lists  the  one  thing  to 
remember  is  to  have  them  timely,  and  this  I  can 
not  make  too  emphatic.  If  your  list  is  not 
ready  and  must  follow  rather  than  lead  a  move- 
ment, save  it  until  next  time.  It  is  not  so  much 
the  article  as  its  being  well  timed.  We  find 
that  our  regular  patrons  watch  for  the  reference 
lists  ;  their  interest  in  the  library  is  maintained 
as  its  possibilities  are  revealed  to  them,  and  it 
is  as  necessary  to  keep  patronage  as  to  gain  it. 

But  new  books,  and  reading  lists  of  attractive 
books  and  articles  on  current  topics  are  not 
enough  to  reach  all  in  a  community,  by  any 
means;  there  will  still  be  a  goodly  proportion 
that  know  nothing  and  seem  to  care  nothing 
about  the  library.  As  merchants  have  bargain- 
days,  which  they  advertise  extensively  to  bring 
out  the  people,  so  libraries  can  arrange  special 
attractions  to  win  the  unknowing  and  unap- 
preciative  public.  Special  attractions  have 
aided  materially  in  spreading  abroad  a  knowl- 
edge of  our  library  and  have  brought  us  the 
most  returns  for  advertising.  A  year  ago  we 
had  thirty  water-colors  of  F.  Hopkinson  Smith 
on  exhibition  in  our  art  gallery  for  two  weeks. 
I  learned  from  Mr.  Smith  in  February  that  we 


PHILADELPHIA   CONFERENCE. 


could  have  the  pictures  the  last  of  April  or 
first  of  May,  on  their  way  back  from  western 
cities  to  New  York.  From  that  date  in  February 
until  the  pictures  came  in  May,  something  ap- 
peared in  the  papers  on  an  average  of  every  ten 
days,  about  Hopkinson  Smith  or  his  pictures. 
One  week  it  would  be  a  press  notice  of  his  pict- 
ures, the  next  a  review  of  his  latest  book,  then 
another  art  criticism  from  the  press,  and  so  the 
notices  alternated.  Marked  copies  of  the  pa- 
pers were  sent  to  the  several  newspapers  in 
surrounding  towns,  with  a  note  accompanying, 
asking  the  editor  to  copy  or  at  least  make  note 
of  the  date  and  place  of  the  exhibition  of  the 
Hopkinson  Smith  water-colors.  During  the 
two  weeks  that  the  pictures  hung  in  our  gal- 
lery 3000  people  viewed  them  —  as  many  as  we 
could  well  accommodate.  Of  those  3000  visi- 
tors, most  of  them  residents  of  the  city,  many 
told  me,  "  This  is  the  first  time  I  have  been  in 
the  library,  but  I  do  not  mean  it  shall  be  the 
last  ;"  and  in  truth  they  have  become  regular 
patrons.  During  the  exhibition  we  published 
lists  of  books  on  art  and  architecture,  also  on 
Constantinople,  Venice,  and  Holland,  for  the 
pictures  were  painted  in  these  places. 

There  are  many  special  attractions  that  can 
be  arranged  for  libraries.  Poster  exhibitions 
have  been  popular  both  in  large  and  small  libra- 
ries, also  exhibitions  of  art-works  and  photo- 
graphs. Amateur  photographs  proved  very 
popular  in  one  library  after  vacation  days  were 
over,  while  some  have  been  fortunate  enough 
to  have  loan  exhibitions  of  books  and  pictures, 
or  both.  Something  can  be  arranged  in  every 
library,  but  it  is  always  to  be  remembered  that 
the  success  of  any  special  attraction  depends  on 
the  advertising.  Talk  about  it  in  the  papers, 
not  so  much  as  to  appear  ridiculous,  but  enough 
to  let  all  know  about  it  and  remember  it  long 
enough  to  come.  I  know  for  a  fact  that  we 
gain  many  regular  patrons  from  those  who 
come  at  such  times. 

We  found  that  few  in  our  community  under- 
stood the  use  of  "  Poole's  index"  or  of  our  diction- 
ary card  catalog.  A  "magazine  day"  was 
advertised,  and  to  all  that  came  I  explained  the 
use  of  the  different  indexes,  letting  all  work 
out  some  references  for  themselves,  and  I  never 
saw  people  more  astonished  and  delighted  than 
were  those  who  thus  learned  that  there  was  a 
key  to  unlock  the  stored  wealth  of  the  maga- 
zines. In  like  manner  the  card  catalog  was 


explained,  to  the  wonder  of  all,  who  thought 
that  it  required  a  course  of  study  to  use  it.  Of 
course  we  are  constantly  explaining  the  use  of 
these  helps,  but  I  have  found  it  not  a  bad  idea 
to  have  a  day  devoted  to  each  of  them  once  a 
year,  that  their  names  at  least  shall  be  heard  in 
the  land  and  their  existence  known. 

This  spring  our  special  attraction  was  "  travel 
day,"  which  grew  into  several  days  to  accom- 
modate all  that  came.  It  developed  from  the 
demand  for  books  of  travel,  which  in  turn  was 
created  by  the  departure  for  Europe  of  a  party 
of  20  or  more  of  the  townsfolk.  All  their 
friends  immediately  desired  to  read  about  the 
sights  of  the  other  continent  and  follow  them 
by  proxy.  It  occurred  to  us  at  the  library  that 
it  would  be  pleasant  for  the  stay-at-homes  if 
they  could  see  and  handle  our  books  of  travel 
and  make  their  selections  for  summer  reading 
from  the  books  themselves.  We  cannot  give 
the  public  access  to  the  shelves  because  of  the 
plan  of  our  building,  so  on  the  tables  in  the 
reading-room,  giving  a  table  to  each  country, 
we  spread  all  of  our  books  on  European  travel, 
together  with  magazine  articles,  and  pictures 
from  our  collection  of  mounted  prints.  We 
made  the  room  as  attractive  as  possible,  posted 
leaders  to  indicate  the  route  from  table  to  table, 
furnished  paper  and  pencils  for  notes,  and  gave 
personal  attention  to  all  who  came.  Those  who 
travelled  with  us  —  and  we  had  several  hundred 
passengers  —  not  only  enjoyed  the  books  and 
pictures  during  the  few  hours  that  they  stayed, 
but  made  note  of  books  that  they  wished  to 
read.  I  am  glad  to  report  that  many  lists  of 
books  of  travel,  made  on  our  library  paper  dur- 
ing those  few  days,  appeared  as  call  slips  at  the 
delivery-desk.  We  advertised  this  "  travel 
day  "  extensively,  though  not  long  in  advance, 
for  it  was  a  sudden  thought  and  had  to  be  car- 
ried out  quickly.  Because  of  short  notice,  we 
did  not  explain  fully  what  it  would  be,  but 
aroused  the  curiosity  of  the  public,  which 
offered  a  variety  in  our  advertising  form. 

It  is  well  to  arrange  special  attractions  for  dull 
seasons,  for  the  same  reason  that  it  is  best  to 
advertise  new  books  for  the  less  busy  days  of 
the  week,  namely,  it  equalizes  the  work  at  the 
library,  and  keeps  up  the  interest  of  the  com- 
munity in  the  library. 

But  new  books,  timely  reference  lists,  and 
special  attractions  are  not  the  only  things  that 
will  interest  the  public.  The  chief  facts  of  the 


HAZELTINE. 


79 


monthly  report  will  prove  the  worth  of  the  li- 
brary, especially  if  a  statement  is  made  compar- 
ing the  circulation,  use  of  reference-books, 
attendance  in  the  reading-rooms,  etc.,  with  the 
same  month  of  the  previous  year,  provided,  of 
course,  that  the  comparison  shows  an  increase. 
My  annual  report  to  the  trustees  is  published  in 
full  in  the  papers,  also  the  leading  facts  of  the 
quarterly  reports.  Gifts  to  the  library  should 
not  fail  of  proper  mention  in  the  daily  papers  ; 
but  so  many  things  occur  in  every  library  to 
furnish  advertising  matter  that  it  is  needless  to 
discuss  this  point  further. 

Though  we  depend  on  the  newspapers  very 
largely  to  herald  the  library  in  the  community, 
we  do  not  neglect  other  agencies,  and  among 
these  are  posters  in  public  places.  We  have 
factories  in  our  city  employing  many  hundred 
operatives,  whom  we  wished  should  know  about 
the  library.  We  had  several  hundred  posters 
printed  as  attractively  as  possible,  with  a  cut  of 
the  library  at  the  top  of  the  card  and  capital  let- 
ters in  red.  We  endeavored  above  all  to  make 
it  plain  that  the  library  was  free.  One  of  the 
trustees  suggested  that  the  following  sentences 
be  given  a  prominent  place  :  "  Books  may  be 
taken  home.  There  are  no  dues  or  charges 
except  for  books  kept  over  time."  "  Tell  them 
honestly,"  he  said,  "  just  when  a  charge  will 
be  made,  even  though  they  may  never  be 
obliged  to  pay  a  fine  ;  you  will  find  people  a 
little  suspicious  of  anything  free,  because  they 
have  learned  from  experience  that  'free'  often 
has  a  string  to  it  in  some  way  to  catch  their 
nickels  and  dimes."  No  doubt  you  have  noticed 
the  truth  of  this,  that  it  is  difficult  for  all  the 
people  to  conceive  that  the  library  is  really  free 
to  them,  without  any  cost.  These  posters  were 
placed,  by  permission  of  the  proprietors,  in  the 
different  factories,  where  the  employes  in  pass- 
ing in  and  out  would  be  sure  to  see  them.  I  am 
convinced  that  they  have  brought  the  library 
much  patronage,  for  whenever  an  applicant  has 

given  his  occupation  as  "Employed  in  

factory,"  we  have  asked  if  the  card  telling  of 
the  library  had  been  read,  and  almost  without 
exception  it  had  served  as  the  introduction  to 
the  library.  We  also  have  framed  notices  con- 
cerning the  library  in  the  post-office  and  hotels. 

After  all  this  communication  with  the  public, 
there  still  remains  personal  work,  which  is  one 
of  the  surest  ways  of  bringing  people  to  the  li- 
brary. This  means  that  as  a  librarian  you 
must  give  your  whole  self  to  the  work.  There 


is  not  a  community  now,  I  believe,  that  has  not 
a  study  or  reading  club.  Attend  one  of  the 
meetings  of  the  club,  and  if  you  are  not  a  mem- 
ber you  can  secure  an  invitation  to  attend  a 
meeting,  and  offer  the  co-operation  of  the  li- 
brary. Offer  to  help  them  with  reference  lists, 
and  to  place  a  certain  shelf  or  section  of  the 
reading-room  at  their  disposal,  where  the  books 
that  their  program  calls  for  can  be  kept  togeth- 
er and  renewed  when  necessary.  If  some  of 
the  club  members  cannot  come  to  the  library  let 
the  books  be  sent  to  them.  The  patronage  of  a 
study  club  creates  a  demand  for  better  reading. 

Go  to  the  schools  and  tell  the  young  people 
about  the  library  and  its  treasures,  many  of 
which  are  especially  designed  for  them.  Be 
willing  to  be  questioned  about  the  library  at 
any  and  all  times.  At  first  I  mentally  objected 
when  I  was  stopped  on  the  street,  questioned  in 
stores,  at  church,  at  receptions,  wherever  I 
happened  to  be,  about  the  library,  but  I  soon 
found  that  people  were  sincere  and  really  want- 
ed to  know,  so  long  since  I  willingly  give  infor- 
mation at  any  time  and  place,  but  I  make  it  a 
point  never  to  broach  the  topic  of  the  library 
myself. 

Then  you  can  help  others  to  advertise.  A 
merchant  came  to  the  library  seeking  the  pict- 
ure of  a  May-pole  for  a  May-day  advertisement. 
After  the  picture  had  been  found  his  attention 
was  called  to  Chambers's  "Book  of  days," 
which  so  delighted  him  that  he  ordered  the 
volumes  for  his  own  library,  saying  that  the 
books  would  give  him  many  hints  for  timely 
advertisements.  The  same  merchant  was  so 
greatly  pleased  with  one  of  our  books  on  the 
tartans  of  Scotland  that  he  advertised  an  in- 
voice of  plaid  woollen  dress  goods  by  the  names 
of  the  plaids,  which  he  found  by  comparing  the 
goods  with  the  colored  plates  in  the  book. 

With  all  this  advertising  outside  the  library 
to  gain  patronage,  and  to  create  a  demand  for 
the  best  reading,  advertising  inside  the  library 
must  not  be  overlooked.  This  includes  bulletin- 
boards,  black-boards,  and  other  devices,  men- 
tion and  description  of  which  exceed  the  limit 
of  this  paper. 

The  secret  of  library  advertising,  as  Miss 
Stearns  said  last  year,  is  "  keeping  everlastingly 
at  it,"  or  as  the  proprietor  of  a  great  factory 
in  New  York  believes,  and  has  constantly  be- 
fore him  on  his  desk,  "  S.  T.  I.  and  W.,"  which 
he  translates  to  all  who  inquire  as  "  Stick  to  it 
and  win." 


8o 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


AIMS   AND   PERSONAL   ATTITUDE   IN    LIBRARY   WORK. 


BY   LINDA  A.    EASTMAN,   CLEVELAND   PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 


TT  is  probable  that  most  of  us  attended  our 
first  conference  because  there  had  already 
come  to  us  something  of  the  A.  L.  A.  spirit  ; 
there  is  no  one  of  us,  I  venture  to  say,  but 
found  this  same  first  conference  a  revelation  of 
ideas  and  ideals.  But  to  analyze  this  spirit,  to 
put  the  ideals  into  words,  to  search  out  the 
elementary  and  underlying  purposes  of  our 
work,  is  not  an  easy  task. 

It  is  as  yet  but  a  little  time  since  libraries 
were  shrines  whose  portals  opened  to  scholars 
only,  shrines  toward  which  the  wayfaring  man 
presumed  not  to  lift  his  eyes.  To-day,  the 
doors  are  not  only  open  wide  to  all,  but  we  go 
out  into  the  highways  and  byways,  and  com- 
pel men  to  come  in.  Thejibrary,  which  was  a 
luxury  for  the  rich  man  and  the  student,  has 
become  a  necessity  to  the  community  at  large, 
and  the  community  must  be  taught  its  two 
great  uses,  as  a  means  for  recreation  and  for 
study.  The  librarian,  who  was  guardian  of 
the  books,  is  becoming  also  the  guardian  of  the 
thought-life  of  the  people,  but  tradition  lives 
with  the  people,  and  because  of  the  old  idea 
of  the  exclusiveness  of  the  library,  the  librarian 
must  labor  with  them  to  bring  them  unto  their 
own.  The  library,  in  its  influence,  is  whatever 
the  librarian  makes  it :  it  seems  destined  to  be- 
come an  all-pervading  force,  stimulating  public 
thought,  moulding  public  opinion,  educating  to 
all  of  the  higher  possibilities  of  human  thought 
and  action  ;  to  become  a  means  for  enriching, 
beautifying,  and  making  fruitful  the  barren 
places  in  human  life.  If  this  be  true,  librarians 
have  an  important  part  to  play  in  the  history 
of  civilization  and  in  the  conservation  of  the 
race. 

Is  it  necessary  to  have  a  broad  and  clear  con- 
ception of  the  work  for  such  accomplishment  ? 
Is  it  necessary  to  come  to  it  well  equipped  and 
prepared  ?  We  are  rather  inclined  to  question 
our  own  temerity  in  daring  to  enter  upon  the 
work  with  anything  short  of  the  maximum  of 
preparation,  than  to  question  its  need. 

In  our  attitude  toward  the  work,  it  is  all-im- 
portant that  we  should  start  right,  and  then 
that  we  keep  in  the  line  o  progress  —  one  never 


reaches  the  place,  in  library  work,  where  he 
has  "  learned  it  all."  And  whether  he  be  li- 
brarian, or  the  lowest  assistant  on  the  staff,  it 
it  is  possible  in  greater  or  less  degree  to  fur- 
ther the  work,  or  to  block  it  by  incompetency. 

First,  let  us  get  the  main  purpose  of  the  li- 
brary definitely  in  mind,  then  set  ourselves 
with  all  the  intelligence  and  skill  which  we 
can  command,  to  its  realization.  To  the  end 
that  all  may  profit  by  the  best  thought  of  the 
world,  books  are  furnished  at  the  public  cost ; 
it  is  our  part  to  see  that  these  books  are  se- 
lected wisely,  cared  for  properly  and  used  prof- 
itably, that  the  administration  is  economical 
and  effective,  and  that  the  library  reaches  the 
people  who  need  its  influence.  All  or  any 
part  of  this  work  may  fall  to  our  share.  There 
are  innumerable  technical  details,  but  not  one 
among  them  is  so  small  that  it  needs  not  to  be 
done  with  accuracy  and  precision  ;  the  great 
possibilities  before  librarians  to-day  have  been 
made  by  the  patient,  careful  study  of  detail  by 
which,  during  the  last  quarter  century,  library 
methods  have  been  worked  out.  To  quote  Mr. 
Dewey  :  "  In  library  work,  as  in  all  other 
technical  work,  the  '  spirit '  is  the  all-important 
thing.  If  one  has  become  filled  with  the  spirit 
of  the -work,  has  grasped  the  broad  ideas  of 
how  and  why  library  work  exists,  has  shared 
in  the  enthusiasm  as  to  its  future,  the  purely 
technical  work  will  be  mastered  through  this 
'  spirit.' " 

As  to  the  contact  with  readers,  a  winning  or 
a  forbidding  presence  in  the  presiding  genius 
will  of  itself  make  the  library  popular  or  un- 
popular with  the  community  ;  that  part  of  the 
public  who  most  need  the  influence  of  good 
books,  and  who  know  them  least,  are  not  likely 
to  find  what  they  need  except  through  a  medi- 
ator—  the  librarian  or  the  assistant  must  often 
supply  that  live  personal  element  which  is  their 
necessary  support  during  their  first  explora- 
tions in  the  world  of  books.  And  along  with 
the  gracious  winsomeness  and  the  tact  un- 
limited, there  must  be  the  strength  and  the 
knowledge  which  will  compel  confidence  and 
respect. 


TILLINGHAST. 


81 


In  extending  the  use  of  the  library,  there 
must  be  constant  and  careful  study  of  the  con- 
ditions and  needs  of  the  community,  with  the 
keen  insight  and  ability  which  can'  see  and 
seize  opportunities  for  arousing  interest.  With 
this  reaching  out  into  the  lives  of  the  people, 
the  responsibility  of  the  librarian  is  increased 
many-fold;  he  is  not  only,  as  in  the  past,  the 
adviser  and  helper  of  the  student  and  the  in- 
quirer, he  is  an  educator  who  creates  and 
stimulates  a  desire  for  knowledge  land  who 
directs  its  use  ;  his  work  begins  with  the  child 
and  goes  side  by  side  with  the  work  of  the 
school,  and  the  importance  of  co-operation  with 
the  latter  can  hardly  be  overstated,  as  the  li- 


brary alone  has  the  work  of  education  to  carry 
on  from  whatever  point  the  school  leaves  off. 

Does  this  work,  weighted  with  responsibili- 
ties, exacting  in  its  demands  and  difficult  in 
their  fulfilment,  broad  as  the  field  of  human 
knowledge,  altruistic  in  its  efforts  toward  the 
bettering  of  mankind  —  does  this  work,  you  ask, 
receive  the  recognition  that  it  merits  ?  Not 
always  —  not  often,  perhaps,  as  yet.  But  there 
are  rewards  in  the  work  itself;  there  is  joy  in 
achievement;  and  so  long  as  the  aims  keep  so 
far  ahead  of  the  accomplishment,  it  will  be  far 
more  to  some  workers  to  know  that  progress  is 
being  made,  than  to  hear  praise  of  the  work 
done. 


REPORT   OF   THE   CO-OPERATION   COMMITTEE. 

BY   WILLIAM    H.    TILLINGHAST,   CHAIRMAN,   ASSISTANT   LIBRARIAN   HARVARD   UNIVERSITY   LIBRARY. 


'"THE  event  of  the  year  in  the  field  of  local 
co-operative  bibliography  is  the  publica- 
tion in  May,  by  the  Boston  Public  Library,  of 
"  A  list  of  periodicals,  newspapers,  transactions, 
and  other  serial  publications  currently  received 
in  the  principal  libraries  of  Boston  and  vicinity." 
It  covers  143  pages  in  brevier  type,  represents 
about  35  libraries,  and  contains  over  5000  titles. 
The  list  is  alphabetical,  with  a  subject  index. 
Periodicals  indexed  in  the  "  Annual  literary  in- 
dex" and  in  the  "  Cumulative  index"  are 
marked.  In  the  case  of  a  few  very  special 
journals  the  names  of  individuals  are  given,  at 
whose  residences  or  offices  they  can  be  seen. 
This  list  is  the  successor  to  one  issued  by  Har- 
vard College  library  in  1878.*  Copies  may  be 
had  by  written  application  to  the  librarian  of 
the  Boston  Public  Library.  A  similar  list  has 
been  published  in  the  April  bulletin  of  the 
Providence  Public  Library,  for  Providence  and 
vicinity,  and  the  Chicago  Library  Club  has 
undertaken  the  preparation  of  one  for  that  city. 
The  latter  will  give  information  as  to  back  sets, 
a  very  useful  feature. 

A  noteworthy  result  of  the  union  of  library 
forces  in  New  York  City  was  the  appearance  of 
a  bulletin  of  the  united  libraries,  in  January, 

*  A  list  of  serial  publications  now  taken  in  the  principal 
libraries  of  Boston  and  Cambridge,  ist  ed.,  December, 
1878.  Cambridge,  1878,  30  p. 


which  gives  bibliographies,  special  catalogs, 
documents,  and  various  matter  of  much  in- 
terest.* 

In  turning  to  bibliographical  work  of  a  wider 
scope,  mention  must  be  made  of  the  "Cumu- 
lative index,"  now  in  its  second  year.  It  is  not 
co-operative  in  method,  but  is  prepared  and 
published  by  the  Cleveland  Public  Library.  It 
now  indexes  100  periodicals,  and  gives  occa- 
sional special  bibliographies  besides,  but  it  is 
the  cumulative  feature  which  gives  it  its  great 
value  as  a  library  tool,  each  month's  issue  con- 
taining in  one  alphabet  all  the  titles  of  the 
preceding  months  until  the  December  issue, 
which  includes  the  titles  for  the  year.  The 
Cleveland  Public  Library  is  making  an  interest- 
ing experiment  in  thus  testing  the  availability 
of  the  linotype  for  this  peculiar  kind  of  library 
work,  and  deserves  thanks  for  its  public  spirit, 
in  assuming  the  labor  and  expense.  All  who 
have  used  it  will  hope  that  it  may  prove  a 
financial  success.  It  is  much  to  be  desired  that 
the  leading  French,  German,  and  Italian  peri- 
odicals might  be  added  to  the  list  of  those  in- 
dexed, but  this  feature  would  not  be  likely  to 
extend  the  subscription  list,  though  it  would 

*  Bulletin  of  the  New  York  Public  Library  —  Astor,  Le- 
nox, and  Tilden  foundations.  Published  monthly  by  the 
New  York  Public  Library,  40  Lafayette  Place,  New  York 
City.  Subscription  $i  a  year. 


82 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


add  much  to  the  usefulness  of  the  index  in  the 
large  libraries,  and  would  be  welcomed  in  a 
large  proportion  of  the  smaller  cities  and 
towns. 

In  the  last  report  it  was  pointed  out  that  an 
exceptionally  good  opportunity  for  co-operation 
was  to  be  found  in  cataloging  the  articles  in  the 
publications  of  various  learned  societies.  The 
idea  had  occurred  to  others,  and  has  been  ac- 
tively debated  by  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
Columbia  University  Library,  the  John  Crerar, 
the  Boston  Public,  and  Harvard  University  li- 
braries. Investigations  into  the  cost  of  printing 
the  titles  in  such  work  have  been  made  in  New 
York  and  Boston,  and  a  report  upon  the  matter 
will  be  submitted  to  the  Association  at  Phila- 
delphia. The  committee  believe  that  co-op- 
erative work  along  this  line  has  promise  of 
success,  and  hope  that  the  subject  will  be  care- 
fully considered  by  the  Association,  with  a  view 
to  the  issuing  of  cards  for  such  titles  being 
undertaken  by  the  Publishing  Section.  This 
work  is  not  indexing  but  cataloging,  largely 
analytical  cataloging,  of  a  class  of  books  which 
are  received  by  the  libraries  interested  at  about 
the  same  time.  Much  of  the  work  is  already 
done  by  those  libraries  that  receive  the  serials; 
the  object  is,  first,  to  do  this  work  more  eco- 
nomically, then  to  increase,  if  possible,  the 
number  of  serials  cataloged,  and  to  give  other 
libraries  the  chance  of  profiting  by  the  work  to 
such  extent  as  they  wish.  It  is  clear  there  is 
here  a  large  field  for  work  without  intrenching 
upon  that  reserved  for  the  operations  of  the 
Royal  Society. 

The  interest  in  general  bibliography  which 
has  prevailed  for  the  last  few  years  increases. 
The  absolute  necessity  for  some  means  of 
knowing  what  is  being  printed  in  the  various 
branches  of  knowledge  is  even  more  apparent 
to  scholars  than  to  librarians.  To  various  scien- 
tific organizations  we  owe  not  only  attempts  to 
shorten  the  titles  of  scientific  papers,  and  to 
economize  the  labor  of  the  indexer  by  a  typo- 
graphical emphasis  of  important  words,  but  the 
actual  preparation  of  catalogs  in  botany,  mathe- 
matics, zoology.  An  international  conference 
of  bibliographers  at  London  last  year,  with  the 
aid  and  advice  of  the  Royal  Society,  laid  the 
foundations  for  a  general  catalog  of  the  litera- 
ture of  pure  science  from  1900  on.  The  Insti- 
tut  International  de  Bibliographic,  established 
under  government  patronage  at  Brussels,  pro- 


poses an  even  wider  field  of  service.  In  this 
country,  in  England,  in  Belgium,  in  Austria, 
etc.,  general  catalogs  of  national  literature  are 
actively  debated,  if  not  formally  undertaken. 
These,  and  like  matters,  will  claim  a  large 
place  in  the  deliberations  of  the  International 
Library  Conference  of  this  summer.  If  the 
next  century  is  to  be  the  age  of  electricity, 
and  of  aerodromes,  it  will  be  no  less  the  age  of 
bibliography.* 

The  Publishing  Section  will  report  upon  the 
result  of  their  first  year's  experience  in  issuing 
printed  cards.  There  is  no  other  co-operative 
undertaking  in  the  library  field  in  which  success 
means  so  much  to  every  library  in  the  land. 
We  hope  that  the  Association  will  make  an 
earnest  and  enduring  effort  to  obtain  success. 
The  Library  Bureau  in  London  is  making  a 
similar  experiment,  and  the  Bibliographical  In- 
stitute at  Brussels  has  tried  to  induce  pub- 
lishers on  the  Continent  to  issue  cards,  or  at 
least  separable  titles  for  catalog  use,  with 
their  books,  and  several  firms  in  Leipzig, 
Berlin,  and  elsewhere,  have  made  the  experi- 
ment, f 

The  preparation  of  indexes  to  books  issued 
without  them  is  a  good  field  for  labor,  and  it 
appears  from  the  continued  publication  of 
such  books  that  the  Association  would  do 
well  to  remonstrate  vigorously  against  this 
evil. 

It  is  a  pleasure  and  a  duty  to  express  the 
gratification  which  we  feel  at  the  establishment 
of  the  Public  Documents  Office  at  Washington, 
at  the  amount  and  quality  of  bibliographical 

*  The  discussion  upon  this  subject  in  Europe  has  been 
mainly  occupied  with  the  Decimal  classification,  which 
has  been  strongly  supported  by  the  Institut  Interna- 
tional de  Bibliographic.  It  has  not  been  confined  to 
library  journals,  but  has  broken  out  in  various  scientific 
periodicals.  Its  course  may  be  traced,  however,  by  re- 
ports in  the  Library  Journal,  and  in  the  files  of  The 
Library,  Revue  des  Bibliotheques,  Centralblatt  fiir  Bif 
bliothekswesen,  Revue  Internationale  des  Archives,  etc. 

There  is,  however,  opposition  to  the  theory  of  a  universal 
catalog  apart  from  any  special  scheme  of  classification,  as 
impracticable  and  unwieldy  and  an  imperfect  substitute 
for  special  bibliographies  and  catalogs  of  national  litera- 
ture. See  the  article,  "  Die  Bewegungen  auf  dem  Gebiete 
der  internationalenBibliothekswesen,"  by  Otto  Hartwig, 
in  Cosmopolis,  for  May,  1897. 

t  See  Centralblatt  fur  Bibliotheks-wesen,  Jan.,  1897,  p. 
48,  and  other  passages.  See  a'so,  Centralblatt,  May, 
1897,  p.  238,  for  mention  of  a  prize  offered  by  the  "  Brus- 
seler  Austellung "  for  an  improved  process  for  econom- 
ical reproduction  of  titles  in  small  numbers. 


TILLINGHAST. 


work  already  accomplished  by  that  office,  and 
at  the  comprehension  of  library  needs  and  the 
willingness  to  satisfy  them  shown  by  the  pres- 
ent superintendent,  Mr.  Crandall. 

The  second  International  Library  Conference, 
which  is  to  be  held  in  London,  July  13-16, 
naturally  takes  the  first  place  in  any  considera- 
tion of  the  organization  and  association  of  li- 
brary interests,  but  it  is  so  much  in  our  minds, 
and  is  sure  of  the  attendance  of  so  many  from 
this  Association,  that  it  needs  but  to  be  men- 
tioned here.  It  will  be  a  notable  gathering, 
and  many  and  weighty  are  the  subjects  for  its 
consideration. 

The  organization  of  the  Library  Association 
of  Australasia  does  not  fall  within  this  year, 
but  the  publication  of  the  proceedings  of  the 
conference  at  which  it  was  founded  must  not 
be  passed  over.* 

The  committee  had  hoped  to  submit  a  spe- 
cial paper  on  local  library  associations,  for  the 
consideration  of  the  Association,  but  can  only 
offer  their  regret  at  their  inability  to  do  so  ;  our" 
loss,  however,  is  the  gain  of  the  conference 
across  the  water,  and  in  the  transactions  of  that 
body  we  may  hope  to  read  what  we  would  have 
gladly  heard  here.f 

A  paper  read  by  Mr.  Arthur  H.  Chase,  state 
librarian  of  New  Hampshire,  before  the  library 
association  of  that  state,  2Qth  Jan.,  1891,  bears 

*  Account  of  the  proceedings  of  the  first  Australasian 
Library  Conference,  held  at  Melbourne,  on  the  2ist,22d, 
zsd,  and  24th  April,  1896;  together  with  the  papers 
read,  lists  of  delegates,  etc.,  and  the  constitution  and 
office  bearers  of  the  Library  Association  of  Australasia. 
Melbourne.  [1896.]  4to,  65  p. 

The  "  Oesterreichischer  Verein  ftir  Bibliothekswesen," 
founded  in  December,  1895,  intends  to  issue  "  Mittheilun- 
gen,"  but  none  have  as  yet  appeared.  Brief  notices  of 
its  meetings  are  given  in  the  Centralblatt  fttr  Biblio- 
theksivesen. 

t  Mr.  Putnam  sketched  in  outline  the  different  nature 
of  the  work  of  a  national  and  a  local  association  in  his  re- 
marks at  the  union  meeting  at  Hartford.  An  apprecia- 
tion of  the  importance  of  the  work  that  can  be  best  done 
by  local  bodies  underlies  much  of  the  recent  discussion 
about  the  future  of  the  A.  L.  A. 


directly  upon  this  subject,  and  has  a  number  of 
interesting  and  valuable  suggestions.* 

In  1895 -96  the  Massachusetts  Library  Club 
published  monthly  lists  of  works  of  fiction  se- 
lected by  a  committee  of  readers.  An  inquiry 
into  the  usefulness  of  the  lists  undertaken  at 
the  close  of  the  year  showed  that,  while  there 
was  not  an  immediate  probability  of  subscrip- 
tions sufficient  to  enable  the  club  to  carry  on 
the  work,  the  lists  had  been  of  material  ser- 
vice in  many  parts  of  the  country,  so  that  there 
was  a  possibility  that  if  continued  they  might 
win  their  way  to  a  paying  basis,  A  committee 
was  therefore  appointed  to  find  out  whether  a 
trial  of  the  lists  for  three  years  could  be  secured 
by  co-operation.  The  final  report  of  this  commit- 
tee has  not  yet  appeared.  Such  lists  have  ap- 
parent potentialities  of  usefulness  along  several 
lines,  and  it  is  to  be  desired  that  the  experiment 
of  issuing  them  should  have  a  satisfactory  trial. 

The  discussion  of  books  of  the  year  by  local 
associations  is  much  to  be  commended.  It  has 
been  successful  where  tried,  and  might  well  be 
a  feature  in  the  program  of  each  association. 
Certainly  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  no  association 
will  avoid  it  because  the  same  books  have  been 
already  discussed  by  other  associations.  Such 
an  objection  ignores  the  larger  part  of  the  good 
to  be  derived  from  these  discussions,  which  will 
be  found  to  lie  in  the  mental  attitude  and  the 
habits  of  thought  induced  and  trained  thereby. 

Another  field  for  good  work  has  been  opened 
by  the  Indiana  Library  Association.  A  prac- 
tical demonstration  of  the  details  of  library 
work,  such  as  was  given  at  their  Library  Insti- 
tute, would  be  of  great  value  in  every  state, 
working  to  the  advantage  of  librarians  in  small 
towns  and  assistants  who  otherwise  might  get 
no  benefit  from  the  experience  of  the  profession, 
and  therefore  working  greatly  to  the  benefit  of 
the  associations. 

*  Co-operation  among  the  libraries  of  New  Hampshire  : 
paper  read  before  the  New  Hampshire  Library  Associa- 
tion at  its  annual  meeting,  Jan.  29, 1891 ;  by  Arthur  H. 
Chase.  Concord,  1896.  13  p. 


84 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


REPORT   OF   THE   A.    L.   A.   PUBLISHING   SECTION. 

BY   WILLIAM   C.    LANE,   CHAIRMAN,   LIBRARIAN  OF  THE  ATHENAEUM,  BOSTON. 


*"PHE  most  important  thing  which  the  Publish- 
ing Section  has  to  report  is  the  enlargement 
of  its  work  and  of  its  power  to  handle  new  en- 
terprises by  the  continuous  employment  of  an 
assistant  secretary  whose  whole  time  is  given 
to  its  service.  This  involves  a  continuous  ex- 
pense, but  was  made  necessary  by  the  Section's 
undertaking  to  issue  printed  cards  for  current 
publications,  and,  once  done,  places  it  in  a  posi- 
tion to  assume  additional  new  activities  in  the 
future  as  they  may  be  required. 

Since  the  last  report  was  made  in  September, 
1896,  the  "Supplement  to  Sargent's  'Reading  for 
the  young  '  "  has  been  published  —  a  list  about 
equal  in  length  to  the  original  catalog  and  ac- 
companied by  a  new  subject-index  covering  both 
the  original  volume  and  the  supplement.  Over 
3500  copies  of  the  original  edition  were  sold, 
and  an  equal  or  larger  number  of  the  new  edi- 
tion (original  and  supplement  combined)  ought 
to  be  required.  It  is  a  book  which  every  library, 
large  or  small,  ought  to  have  on  its  reference 
shelf,  and  which  every  school  teacher  ought  to 
find  useful. 

The  second  publication  of  the  year  has  been 
the  "Annotated  bibliography  of  fine  art,"  by 
Russell  Sturgis  and  H.  E.  Krehbiel,  edited  by 
Mr.  George  lies.  This  is  the  first  of  a  pro- 
jected series  of  special  bibliographies,  to  be 
prepared  by  competent  experts,  with  critical 
and  comparative  notes.  It  has  been  well  re- 
ceived by  the  press,  but  it  is  still  too  soon  to 
say  how  good  a  sale  it  will  find,  and  upon  some 
measure  of  financial  success,  that  is,  some  evi- 
dence that  the  book  is  really  wanted,  must  de- 
pend the  decision  whether  the  series  can  wisely 
be  continued.  The  Section  is  established  for 
the  express  purpose  of  publishing  works  useful 
to  libraries  which  publishers  cannot  undertake 
in  the  ordinary  course  of  business.  It  can 
afford  to  publish  without  a  profit  and  in  some 
cases  at  a  loss,  but  it  must  necessarily  judge  of 
the  usefulness  of  its  publications  in  part  by  the 
number  of  copies  sold. 

Miss  Hewins'  short  "  List  of  books  for  boys 
and  girls,"  with  brief  notes,  has  also  seen  the 
light.  The  expense  of  printing  has  been  small, 


and  the  little  pamphlet  is  sold  at  10  cents 
apiece,  and  at  a  very  much  lower  price  in 
quantities.  It  is  hoped  that  many  libraries  will 
want  large  numbers  for  distribution  among  their 
readers. 

The  most  considerable  undertaking  of  the 
year,  however,  is  the  assuming  of  the  work 
carried  on  previously  for  three  years  by  the  Li- 
brary Bureau,  namely,  the  issue  of  printed 
cards  for  current  publications.  The  work  has 
been  continued  on  practically  the  same  lines  as 
under  the  Library  Bureau,  several  proposed 
changes  having  been  found  either  impracticable 
or  undesirable.  The  number  of  subscribers 
has  remained  the  same  through  the  year  (about 
60  sets  are  taken),  and  this  seems  to  be  about 
the  number  that  can  be  depended  upon  under 
the  present  conditions.  A  few  large  libraries 
print  their  own  cards  and  for  that  reason  do  not 
buy  ours.  Many  small  libraries  and  some 
larger  ones  consider  that  they  cannot  afford  the 
expense  of  printed  cards,  either  because  they 
use  too  small  a  proportion  of  those  issued  or 
because  they  find  that  even  if  they  use  a  third 
or  more  of  them  the  expense  is  higher  than  for 
cards  written  in  the  usual  way.  It  should  be 
remembered,  however,  in  judging  of  the  rela- 
tive advantages  of  the  two  kinds  of  cards,  that 
the  printed  cards  are  distinctly  better  than  any 
written  ones,  that  there  is  a  saving  of  time  in 
using  them,  though  it  may  or  may  not  amount 
to  as  much  as  the  expense  of  the  cards,  and 
that  the  cards,  having  particulars  of  publisher 
and  price,  are  of  use  in  the  administration  of 
the  library  whether  put  into  the  catalog  or  not. 
The  work  must  still  be  considered  as  an  experi- 
ment, and  its  permanent  success  as  uncertain. 
The  receipts  of  the  past  year,  from  subscrip- 
tions and  from  the  sale  of  books  sent  by  pub- 
lishers, has  paid  the  expense  of  manufacture 
and  distribution,  and  a  fair  proportion  of  the 
assistant  secretary's  salary,  but  any  falling  off 
in  the  number  of  subscriptions  or  any  increased 
difficulty  in  getting  books  from  the  publishers 
would  pi6bably  stop  the  work.  To  the  pub- 
lishers who  have  sent  their  books  the  Section 
would  express  its  gratitude,  but  there  is  still  in 


LANE. 


many  cases  constant  difficulty  in  persuading 
them  to  send  their  books  early,  in  advance  of 
publication  or  even  in  advance  of  the  copies 
they  send  out  for  review,  yet  the  usefulness  of 
the  cards  depends  very  largely  on  the  prompt- 
ness of  their  issue. 

Many  publishers  are  with  difficulty  persuaded 
that  it  is  worth  while  for  them  to  send  us  their 
books  free,  doubting  the  value  of  the  adver- 
tisement, yet  the  Section  considers  that  in  dis- 
tributing cards  to  libraries  it  does  render  the 
publisher  a  service,  and  that  each  card  as  it  ap- 
pears in  the  catalog  drawer,  standing  out 
sharply  from  the  written  ones  around  it,  is  a 
continual  advertisement  of  the  book  and  its 
publisher. 

If  our  subscription  list  were  larger,  or  if  the 
proposition  made  in  the  course  of  the  last  win- 
ter had  been  carried  out,  we  could  appeal  to 
publishers  more  successfully.  This  proposition 
was  to  issue  advance  lists  with  single-line  titles 
of  the  books  to  be  cataloged,  and  allow  libra- 
rians to  check  on  these  the  books  they  had 
bought  or  were  likely  to  buy,  and  return  them 
within  two  weeks,  after  which  the  cards  were  to 
be  printed  and  distributed.  It  was  expected 
that  these  advance  lists  might  have  a  large  cir- 
culation, so  that  no  publisher  could  afford  not  to 
have  his  books  included  in  them,  and  that  by 
making  it  possible  for  a  library  to  buy  only  the 
cards  it  was  likely  to  use,  the  principal  objec- 
tion to  the  present  general  subscription  plan 
would  be  obviated.  But  the  responses  to  the 
circular  sent  out  were  so  few  that  the  scheme 
had  to  be  dropped. 

We  still  believe  that  a  plan  substantially  on 
these  lines  can  sometime  be  carried  out  with 
success  ;  but  for  the  present,  if  our  subscrip- 
tion list  remains  constant  and  our  relations  with 
publishers  continue  the  same,  it  is  evident  that 
what  we  are  now  doing  is  worth  carrying  on 
along  the  same  lines.  The  conditions  under 
which  the  work  is  done  are,  on  the  whole,  as 
favorable  as  we  could  find.  The  Boston  Athe- 
naeum has  given  us  office-room  and  free  access 
to  its  collections  and  reference-books.  In  Miss 
Nina  E.  Browne,  the  assistant  secretary,  we 
have  a  rapid  and  efficient  worker,  who  has  had 
charge  of  the  printed  cards  since  their  issue  was 
begun  by  the  Library  Bureau.  We  have  no  ex- 
pense for  rent,  light  or  heat,  and  the  general 
superintendence  of  the  work  is  gratuitous. 

The  most  encouraging  direction  for  an  en- 


larged use  of  printed  cards  is  for  articles  in 
serial  publications,  especially  such  as  are  not  in- 
cluded in  any  of  the  general  indexes  to  literature 
of  this  kind.  Five  of  the  large  libraries  of  the 
country  have  been  considering  the  interchange 
of  cards  among  themselves  for  such  titles,  and 
the  Publishing  Section  hopes  it  may  be  able  to 
make  an  arrangement  with  these  libraries, 
under  which  it  can  undertake  to  print  these 
titles,  furnish  them  to  the  libraries  at  a  lower 
cost  than  they  could  do  the  work  for  them- 
selves, and  at  the  same  time  distribute  such  as 
might  be  wanted  to  other  libraries  at  a  moderate 
price,  and  so  allow  them  to  share  in  the  advan- 
tages of  the  work  done  co-operatively  by  the 
five  large  ones.  It  is  too  soon  to  make  any 
final  statement  in  regard  to  this  plan,  but  it  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  and  useful  directions 
in  which  the  work  of  the  Publishing  Section 
can  develop. 

Of  other  work  before  us  there  remains  the 
"  Index  to  portraits,"  so  long  talked  of  and  so 
much  wanted,  upon  which  a  substantial  be- 
ginning has  now  been  made,  the  copying  of 
Mr.  Samuel's  material,  being  under  way,  and 
constant  work  being  done  by  the  assistant 
secretary  in  the  intervals  of  other  demands 
upon  her  time.  A  preliminary  list  of  works  to 
be  indexed  has  been  printed  in  the  Library 
Journal*?,  short  paper  of  instructions  compiled, 
and  several  offers  of  co-operation  have  already 
been  received.  The  work  will  necessarily  be 
an  extensive  one,  and  we  shall  be  called  upon 
to  sink  a  good  deal  of  money  in  it  before  we 
can  get  any  return. 

The  "  Supplement  to  the  A.  L.  A.  index,"  or 
the  new  edition,  as  we  hope  it  may  be,  cannot 
be  completed  this  year,  but  we  may  expect  to 
see  it  in  1898. 

A  new  edition  of  the  "List  of  subject  head- 
ings for  dictionary  catalogs "  is  called  for, 
the  first  one  being  exhausted,  and  will  be  taken 
up  as  soon  as  we  judge  that  we  can  prudently 
do  so. 

An  "  Annotated  bibliography  of  American 
history"  is  likely  to  be  the  next  in  our  series 
of  annotated  lists,  if  the  success  of  the  fine  art 
bibliography  justifies  an  extension  of  the  plan. 

A  list  of  French  fiction  suitable  for  general 
circulation  has  been  kindly  submitted  by  Mr. 
William  Beer,  of  New  Orleans,  but  its  publica- 
tion was  necessarily  postponed  for  a  time  on 
account  of  the  other  undertakings  on  hand. 


86 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


It  is  expected,  however,  that  it  may  be  taken 
up  again  during  the  coming  winter. 

The  "Library  primer,"  which  has  been  printed 
in  tentative  form  in  the  pages  of  Public  Libra- 
ries, was  referred  at  the  last  meeting  of  the 
Association  to  a  special  committee  for  revision, 
after  which  it  was  to  come  to  this  Section  for 
publication,  but  we  have  as  yet  received  no 
communication  in  regard  to  it  from  the  com- 
mittee. 

Finally,  in  speaking  of  the  financial  condition 
of  the  Section,  we  wish  first  of  all  to  place  on 
record  our  grateful  appreciation  of  the  gener- 
osity of  the  trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Library, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  who  have  sent  a  gift  of  $100 
to  be  used  to  advance  the  work  which  the  Sec- 
tion is  doing.  Such  a  gift  brings  with  it  more 
than  the  cash  which  is  added  to  our  bank  ac- 
count. To  know  that  the  work  which  the 
American  Library  Association  has  undertaken 
to  do  through  its  Publishing  Section,  is  appre- 
ciated as  valuable  and  important  to  library  in- 
terests in  general,  strengthens  our  hands  and 
encourages  our  efforts. 

Financially,  it  is  to  be  said  that  while  we 
have  no  cause  for  discouragement,  yet  it  is 
evident  that  we  cannot  properly  do  the  work 
we  have  on  hand  without  a  larger  capital. 
The  Trustees  of  the  Endowment  Fund  have 
lent  us  within  a  little  more  than  a  year  $1000. 
This  is  from  their  accrued  income,  not  from 
their  principal,  which  they  think,  and  rightly, 
must  be  invested  in  other  ways,  like  other 
trust  funds.  The  $1000  is  nominally  a  loan,  yet 
we  understand  that  if  necessary  the  interest 
may  be  remitted  or  returned  to  us,  and  the  loan 
itself  become  an  appropriation  if  circumstances 
require  it. 

The  publications  of  the  Section  have  so 
far  been  fairly  successful.  The  "A.  L.  A.  in- 
dex" has  paid  for  itself  and  has  yielded  a  small 
sum  for  several  years  to  its  compiler  under 


the  agreement  between  him  and  the  Section. 
The  "Subject  headings"  considerably  more 
than  paid  for  itself.  The  original  edition 
of  "Reading  for  the  young"  has  never  quite 
brought  back  what  has  been  spent  on  it,  but 
the  deficit  is  a  small  one  and  may  possibly  be 
wiped  out  by  the  supplement.  The  "Books 
for  girls  and  women "  was  not  printed  at  the 
expense  of  the  Section,  and  the  receipts  from 
its  sale  do  not  swell  our  income,  but  are  paid 
over  for  the  present  to  its  sponsor,  Mr.  lies. 
The  "Fine  art"  list  will  probably  not  pay  for 
itself.  The  printed  cards  fortunately  bring  in, 
with  the  help  of  money  received  from  the  sale 
of  books,  just  about  what  they  cost  us.  But  it 
will  be  seen  that  with  funds  recently  locked  up 
in  paying  for  the  "  Supplement  to  '  Reading  for 
the  young,' "  the  "  Fine  art  bibliography,"  the 
"  List  of  books  for  boys  and  girls,"  the  work  on 
the  "Portrait  index,"  and  the  continuous  ex- 
pense of  the  assistant  secretary's  salary,  with 
the  new  edition  of  the  "  A.  L.  A.  index  "  before 
us,  further  expense  on  the  preparation  of  the 
"  Portrait  index,"  with  the  ultimate  very  heavy 
expense  of  its  publication,  and  the  other  occa" 
sions  for  expenditure  which  have  been  men- 
tioned above,  we  distinctly  need  and  must  have 
more  money  to  use. 

The  Executive  Board  of  the  Association  last 
year  appropriated  $200  toward  the  running 
expenses  of  the  Section,  and  we  hope  that  it 
may  be  able  to  give  us  a  still  larger  appropria- 
tion for  the  coming  year,  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion having  become  distinctly  a  committee  of 
the  Association  charged  with  carrying  out  cer- 
tain important  functions. 

We  would  also  suggest  that  the  example  of 
the  trustees  of  the  Carnegie  Library  is  a  good 
one  for  either  individuals  or  boards  of  trustees 
to  follow,  and  that  from  $1000  to  $5000  placed 
in  the  treasury  of  the  Publishing  Section  would 
bear  good  fruit  in  the  library  cause. 


HOPKINS. 


REPORT   OF   COMMITTEE   ON   LIBRARY   SCHOOLS,    1896-1897. 

BY  ANDERSON   H.    HOPKINS,   JOHN   CRERAR  LIBRARY,    CHICAGO. 


NEW  YORK   STATE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

'T'HE  Library  School  took  possession  in  Feb- 
ruary  of  its  new  rooms,  on  the  fifth  floor  of 
the  capitol.  These  are  directly  over  the  old 
quarters,  60  feet  higher.  They  are  reached  by 
three  elevators,  and  besides  the  finer  view,  the 
quiet  and  freedom  from  dust  —  because  so  much 
further  from  the  street — they  have  a  much  bet- 
ter ventilation  and  light  and  more  abundant 
room.  Instead  of  the  tables  heretofore  used 
the  students  are  supplied  with  standard  desks, 
each  with  an  electric  student -lamp.  Large 
hew  coat  and  toilet  rooms  have  been  provided, 
and  otherwise  the  school  begins  its  second 
decade  by  occupying  quarters  vastly  better 
adapted  to  its  work  than  it  has  ever  before  en- 
joyed. 

On  account  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion's trip  to  Europe  this  summer,'  and  also  be- 
cause of  the  extra  labor  involved  in  moving 
the  Library  School  from  the  third  to  the  fifth 
floors  of  the  capitol,  the  second  session  of  the 
summer  school  will  be  postponed  till  July  and 
August,  1898. 

Much  disappointment  has  been  expressed  by 
the  librarians  and  assistants  of  the  fmaller 
libraries  of  the  state  at  the  omission  of  the 
summer  school,  thus  showing  that  the  work 
met  a  real  want. 

During  the  first  session  of  the  summer  school 
the  number  of  students  was  limited  to  20,  but 
two  others  took  part  of  the  work.  Of  these 
22,  all  but  one  were  engaged  in  library  work, 
and  10  were  in  New  York  libraries.  At  the  ex- 
aminations 14  passed,  four  of  these  with  honor, 
i.e.,  with  a  marking  above  90  per  cent. 

The  class  of  1897  is  the  first  to  graduate  since 
the  change  of  policy  in  regard  to  the  senior 
class  went  into  effect.  According  to  this  change 
the  completion  of  junior  work  does  not  neces- 
sarily admit  to  the  senior  class.  Class  work, 
examinations  and  personal  qualifications  are 
weighed,  and  only  those  who  seem  likely  to 
render  important  service  to  the  library  pro- 
fession are  admitted. 

It  is  gratifying  to  note  that  the  demand  for 


the  graduates  of  the  school  continues.  Nearly 
all  of  the  members  of  the  senior  class  have  se- 
cured positions  which  they  will  assume  as  soon 
as  the  work  of  the  school  is  finished. 

The  bibliographies  and  theses  presented  this 
year  as  a  requirement  for  graduation  show  un- 
usually good  work,  and  the  subjects  seem  to  be 
of  special  interest.  A  list  of  these  subjects  is 
given  in  the  Library  Journal  for  June,  supple- 
menting the  list  which  was  printed  in  the  March 
number. 

The  New  York  State  Library  bibliographic 
bulletins  nos.  2-4  are  almost  ready  for  issue. 
These  numbers  contain  the  following  bibliog- 
raphies, compiled  by  Library  School  students  : 

M.  C.  Wilson.  Reading  list  on  colonial  New 
England,  1620-1754. 

C.  W.  Plympton.  Select  bibliography  on 
travel  in  North  America. 

G.  F.  Leonard.  Reading  list  on  the  history 
of  the  1 7th  century. 

A  register  of  the  New  York  State  Library 
School,  covering  the  first  10  years  of  its  his- 
tory, from  January,  1887,  through  December, 
1896,  has  been  compiled,  and  will  be  printed  in 
the  New  York  State  Library  report  for  1896. 
This  register  includes  the  names  of  all  matricu- 
lated students  with  the  positions  which  they 
have  held  and  are  now  holding  in  the  library 
profession. 

Since  its  opening  in  1887,  the  New  York  State 
Library  School  has  had  74  students  from  New 
York,  and  has  also  drawn  137  from  29  other 
states,  and  six  from  England  and  Germany  and 
Sweden. 

From  January,  1887,  through  December, 
1896,  its  students  have  filled  243  positions  in 
New  York,  284  in  24  other  states,  and  two  in 
two  foreign  countries. 

The  visit  to  the  libraries  of  New  York  and 
vicinity  occurred  April  13-23.  The  yearly 
visit  of  the  school  to  New  York  or  Boston  li- 
braries proves  increasingly  valuable.  A  marked 
improvement  was  noted  this  year  in  the  written 
reports  of  the  chairmen  of  the  various  student 
committees  who  reported  on  the  visit. 

Special  mention  should  be  made  of  the  col- 


88 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


lections  of  notes  and  samples  which  are  a  part 
of  the  requirement  for  graduation.  The  ma- 
terial collected  during  these  annual  visits  and 
throughout  the  two  years  of  the  course  is 
most  admirably  arranged. 

Mr.  F.  M.  Crunden  was  chosen  by  the  New 
York  State  Library  School  Association  its 
alumni  lecturer  for  1897,  but  on  account  of  the 
International  Library  Congress  in  London,  he 
was  obliged  to  postpone  his  lectures. 

Owing  to  the  most  generous  response  to  its 
request  the  Library  School  has,  during  the 
past  year,  added  very  largely  to  its  collection  of 
printed  matter,  issued  by  American  and  foreign 
libraries.  English  librarians  especially  have 
sent  extremely  interesting  collections  illustrat- 
ing their  methods. 

The  school  is  making  a  special  collection  of 
material  in  regard  to  national,  state,  and  local 
library  associations,  and  also  to  library  train- 
ing, and  earnestly  invites  the  co-operation  of 
all  interested.  It  has  also  a  large  and  valuable 
collection  of  clippings  relative  to  libraries,  which 
it  desires  to  make  as  complete  as  possible. 

The  catalog  of  the  collection  on  library 
architecture,  which  was  prepared  for  the  com- 
parative library  exhibit  at  Chicago,  has  been  in- 
creased in  value  this  year  by  indexing  the 
pictures  of  library  buildings  which  are  found 
in  books  and  periodicals.  All  the  illustrations 
in  the  Library  Journal  have  been  brought  out 
in  this  way. 

It  is  a  great  satisfaction  to  find  that  the  vari- 
ous collections  of  the  school  are  proving  mosj 
useful,  not  only  to  its  own  students,  but  to 
outsiders  as  well.  Numerous  calls  come  from 
librarians  all  over  the  country  for  material 
which  can  be  found  nowhere  else. 

A  special  exhibit  will  be  sent  to  the  Interna- 
tional Bibliographic  Conference  at  Brussels. 

PRATT   INSTITUTE  LIBRARY   SCHOOL. 

The  work  of  the  first-year  class  has  been 
changed  but  little  this  year,  except  that  more 
time  has  been  given  to  reference  work  and  bib- 
liography. 

The  first-year  class  had  the  advantage  dur- 
ing the  past  year  of  a  course  of  lectures  on 
printing  and  bookmaking,  the  reproductive 
processes,  history  of  bookbinding,  and  special 
lectures  on  subject  bibliography  given  to  the 
second-year  class. 


The  annual  visit  to  libraries  at  a  distance  was 
made  to  Washington  and  Baltimore.  During 
the  third  term  one  afternoon  a  week  was  de- 
voted to  visiting  the  libraries  in  the  vicinity  of 
New  York. 

A  second-year  course  has  been  offered  this 
year  for  the  first  time.  The  interest  of  the 
students,  the  courtesy  and  kindness  of  the  di- 
rector, Lenox  librarian,  and  staff  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  and  the  good-will  of  the 
Grolier  Club,  have  insured  its  success.  It  is  a 
matter  of  great  regret  that  the  absence  of  the 
librarian  makes  it  necessary  to  omit  the  course 
during  the  coming  year. 

The  number  of  students  enrolled  has  been: 
First  year,  22;  second  year,  3;  total,  25. 

Not  a  member  of  the  class  has  been  obliged 
to  give  up  the  course  during  the  year,  this 
being  the  first  class  of  which  the  whole  number 
entering  remained  to  graduate. 

Reports  have  recently  been  received  from  82 
of  the  former  graduates  of  the  school.  All  but 
two  of  this  number  have  held  library  positions. 
Of  these  there  aie  15  librarians  and  24  cata- 
logers,  six  are  doing  reference  work,  two  are 
in  charge  of  children's  rooms,  and  the  rest  are 
general  library  workers. 

There  are  a  few  corrections  to  be  made  to 
the  report  on  Library  Schools,  published  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  Cleveland  conference.  A 
very  natural  misunderstanding  of  the  nomencla- 
ture used  in  the  class  schedule  led  to  a  mis- 
statement  of  the  amount  of  time  given  to  some 
of  the  subjects  studied.  From  the  report  it 
"would  be  supposed  that  only  the  "  three  clos- 
ing lectures  of  the  year  are  devoted  to  bibli- 
ography," whereas  trade  bibliography  is  given 
in  connection  with  the  order  department  work, 
the  more  important  indexes  and  subject  bibli- 
ographies are  taken  up  in  the  reference  lectures, 
and  a  number  of  lists  are  compiled  by  the  class, 
thus  acquainting  them  practically  with  the  bib- 
liography of  many  subjects. 

To  the  loan  systems  our  school  is  credited 
with  devoting  but  two  per  cent,  of  time  in  the 
second  term,  as  it  was  not  understood  that  in 
the  hours  marked  "Desk"  the  class  had  in- 
struction and  practice  in  all  the  routine  work  of 
the  circulating  department  of  the  library,  about 
nine  per  cent,  being  given  to  that  in  the  first 
and  second  terms,  and  three  hours  a  week  of 
practical  work  in  the  third  term.  It  is  this  ex- 


HOPKINS. 


89 


perience  which  is  especially  helpful  in  prepar- 
ing the  students  for  public  library  work. 

It  is  to  be  noted  as  a  matter  of  no  slight  inter- 
est that  the  examinations  have  been  set  and 
marked  by  the  lecturers  themselves  in  the  sec- 
ond-year course,  and  a  distinct  step  forward  has 
been  taken  in  the  training  of  catalogers  to  ade- 
quately treat  incunabula,  manuscripts,  and 
early  Americana. 

DREXEL  INSTITUTE   LIBRARY   SCHOOL. 

The  course  of  instruction  during  the  past  year 
has  been  very  similar  to  that  of  the  preceding 
year.  It  is  still  found  necessary  to  give  attention 
to  literature,  owing  to  the  relative  ignorance  of 
the  candidates  in  this  branch,  which  is  so  im- 
portant to  library  assistants  as  well  as  to  libra- 
rians. A  very  interesting  feature  of  the  course 
has  been  the  discussion  by  subjects  Of  the  books 
contained  in  "The  list  of  books  for  girls  and 
women,"  comparing  the  selections  with  the  A. 
L.  A.  catalog  in  the  same  subjects.  The  notes 
have  been  very  instructive,  and  have  given  the 
students  some  knowledge  of  the  most  impor- 
tant and  popular  books  in  several  classes.  It  is 
impossible  in  one  year,  with  the  study  of  the 
technical  phases  of  library  work,  to  devote  much 
time  to  this  side  of  a  librarian's  education, 
essential  as  it  is. 

The  lectures  on  the  "  History  of  books  and 
libraries,"  given  by  President  MacAlister,  of 
the  Institute,  were  most  enjoyable,  and  were 
illustrated  with  lantern  slides  representing 
styles  of  writing  and  printing,  various  forms 
of  books,  and  noted  libraries. 

The  class  of  1896-97  began  work  on  October 
i,  1896,  with  16  students  enrolled.  In  addition 
there  were  eight  special  students  (assistants  in 
the  Free  Library)  who  attended  the  lectures  on 
reference  work  and  bibliography.  The  stu- 
dents came  from  the  following  states:  Pennsyl- 
vania, New  York,  Michigan,  New  Jersey,  and 
Massachusetts. 

The  graduating  class  in  June  numbered  13,  of 
whom  two  have  accepted  positions  in  libraries. 
Of  former  classes,  graduates  are  to  a  large  ex- 
tent engaged  in  practical  work.  Some  stu- 
dents have  taken  the  course  without  intending 
to  use  it  as  a  means  of  livelihood. 

During  the  year  visits  have  been  made  to 
several  of  the  Philadelphia  libraries.  The 
usual  New  York  visit  was  omitted. 


This  spring  the  number  of  inquiries  regard- 
ing the  course,  as  well  as  the  number  of  appli- 
cants for  entrance  examinations,  has  been  larger 
than  ever  before,  showing  the  evident  spread 
of  interest  in  the  profession. 

ILLINOIS   STATE   LIBRARY    SCHOOL. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  change  which  has 
taken  place  among  the  library  schools  this 
year  is  that  which  occurs  at  Armour  Insti- 
tute. This  school  has  been  formally  transferred 
to  the  University  of  Illinois  at  Champaign,  111., 
and  the  course  has  been  both  lengthened  and 
broadened.  Miss  Katharine  Sharp,  formerly 
director  of  the  school  at  Armour  Institute,  has 
been  appointed  professor  of  library  economy 
and  director  of  the  Library  School  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois.  Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  for- 
merly of  the  University  of  Nebraska,  has  been 
appointed  assistant  professor  of  library  econ- 
omy. Miss  Margaret  Mann,  who  was  last 
year  an  instructor  in  Armour  Institute  Library 
School,  has  been  engaged  as  cataloger. 

The  course  of  instruction  is  to  cover  the 
ordinary  four  years  of  university  study,  but  only 
the  last  two  years  of  the  course  are  to  be  devoted 
to  purely  technical  library  work,  the  first  two 
years  consisting  of  the  usual  college  course, 
with  some  general  lectures  and  reference  work. 
In  other  words,  practically  two  years  of  college 
work  will  be  required  for  entrance  upon  the 
course  in  library  science. 

The  change  to  the  University  of  Illinois  has 
been  made  after  mature  consideration,  and  it 
is  believed  that  the  step  is  a  wise  one.  The 
library  is  not  yet  large,  but  a  very  liberal 
appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  books  has 
lately  been  made,  and  the  state  has  just  built 
for  the  university  at  a  cost  of  $160,000  a  beauti- 
ful new  library  building.  The  various  libraries 
of  the  university  now  include  about  40,000 
volumes. 

The  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Library  Science 
(B.L.S.)  is  to  be  conferred  on  those  who  com- 
plete the  entire  course. 

The  work  of  the  past  year  at  Armour  Insti- 
tute has  been  similar  to  that  of  previous  years. 
The  students  numbered  21,  of  whom  three  were 
seniors  and  18  juniors.  The  usual  routine  of 
the  previous  year  has  been  followed,  and  visits 
to  libraries  in  Chicago  were  made  a  short  time 
ago.  Before  the  school  year  had  closed  the 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


arrangement  for  transferring  the  school  to  the 
University  or  Illinois  had  been  completed,  and 
the  announcement  made  in  such  manner  that 
the  continuity  of  the  school  is  not  in  any  way 
interrupted.  The  sole  difference  is  that  the 
school  has  been  transferred  to  another  place, 
and  the  same  work  is  to  be  pursued  as  hereto- 
fore, except  that  it  is  to  be  more  extended  and 
complete  than  has  been  possible  up  to  this 
time. 

At  the  dedication  of  the  new  building  of  the 
University  of  Illinois  Mr.  Dewey  gave  the  ad- 
dress, and  he  is  able  to  speak  with  certainty  of 
the  bright  prospects  for  the  new  Illinois  State 
Library  School. 

OTHER   TRAINING   SCHOOLS. 

The  training  class  heretofore  instructed  by 
Mr.  Dana,  at  Denver,  has  been  given  up,  be- 
cause there  positively  was  not  sufficient  space 
in  the  library  to  accommodate  the  pupils. 

The  Amherst  Summer  School,  conducted 
by  Mr.  Fletcher,  is  to  have  its  session  of  six 
weeks  this  summer,  beginning  July  5,  and  run- 
ning to  August  13.  There  is  no  special  report 
to  be  made,  because  the  session  of  last  year  had 
been  held  before  the  meeting  of  the  Cleveland 
conference,  and  was  covered  by  that  report. 

The  third  session  of  the  Wisconsin  Summer 
School  is  to  be  held  at  Madison  under  the  aus- 


pices of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  Summer 
School,  beginning  July  5  and  closing  August 
13,  a  six  weeks'  term.  The  work  of  previous 
years  has  been  so  successful  that  the  demand 
for  this  summer  term  has  been  constantly  grow- 
ing. The  course  this  year  is  to  be  under  the 
direction  of  Miss  Cornelia  Marvin,  who  was  last 
year  instructor  in  reference  work  and  bibliog- 
raphy in  the  Library  School  of  Armour  Insti- 
tute. The  course  will  follow  the  same  plan  as 
heretofore. 

There  have  been  conducted  a  number  of 
classes  within  the  past  year  according  to  uni- 
versity extension  methods  by  various  persons 
interested  in  the  advancement  of  modern  li- 
brary economy.  It  does  not  seem  best  to  make 
an  inexact  statement  concerning  this  work.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  future  reports  may  take  cog- 
nizance of  these  features  of  library  work,  so 
recently  developed.  It  has  not  been  possible  to 
make  any  adequate  statement  of  them  in  this 
repoit. 

Your  committeeman  greatly  wished  to  revise 
and  add  to  the  tabular  statement  made  by  the 
Committee  on  Library  Schools  last  year,  and 
printed  in  the  Library  Journal,  21  :  C()6,  so  that 
it  might  be  brought  completely  up  to  date  ;  but 
the  time  allowed  him  for  making  this  report  has 
been  so  limited  that  it  has  been  impossible  to 
compile  the  necessary  statistics  for  this  table. 


REPORT   ON   GIFTS   AND   BEQUESTS. 

BY   CAROLINE  M.    HEWINS,    LIBRARIAN  OF  THE   HARTFORD  (CT.)  PUBLIC   LIBRARY. 


'T'HE  gifts  and  bequests  reported  since  July 
of  last  year  amount  to  more  than  $400,000 
in  money,  nearly  50,000  volumes  of  books 
and  pamphlets,  buildings  valued  at  more  than 
$200,000,  and  manuscripts,  books,  and  pict- 
ures worth  nearly  half  a  million,  together 
with  many  other  gifts  whose  value  is  not 
stated.  The  gifts  to  travelling  libraries  in 
Wisconsin  are  worthy  of  notice,  anc\  will  do  in- 


calculable good  in  the  thinly-settled  parts  of  the 
state. 

The  tabulated  statement  of  the  gifts  and  be- 
quests for  the  period  covered  is  given  in  the 
same  form  as  last  year.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  the  report  made  to  the  Cleveland 
Conference  covered  two  years,  a  fact  that  ex- 
plains the  difference  in  extent  between  that 
report  and  the  present  one. 


CONDITIONS  OR  REMARKS. 

j  Semitic  library  of  the  late  Rabbi 
1  Greenbaum. 

(  House  on  "  Nob  Hill,"  San  Fran- 
1  cisco. 
For  nucleus  of  endowment  fund. 
(  On  condition  of  $500  a  year  from 
•<  the  town  to  himself  or  his  wife  for 
1  life. 
$500  for  books. 

r  or  public  library  and  museum. 

j  $15,000  for  library  building;  $500 
1  for  nucleus  for  book  fund. 

f  For  a  building.  "  It  being  my  hope 
1  and  desire  that  such  a  building  shall 
-j  become  the  centre  of  education,  liter- 
ature, and  art,  for  the  city  of  Ban- 
Igor." 

As  a  memorial  of  his  wife. 
$200  in  money  ;  $500  worth  of  books 

Dillman  Oriental  library. 

i  Income  to  be  used  for  rare  editions 
of  English  and  American  authors,  to 
be  known  as  the  "  Longfellow  Me- 
morial Collection." 
nglish  literature. 

Music. 
(  Landscape  architecture,  in  memory 
•<  of  Henry  Sargent  Codman  and  Philip 
|  Codman. 
Numbers  of  "  Patentschrift." 
j  i,  zoo  photographs  of  works  of  art: 
1  memorial  to  Harriet  H.  Graupner. 

"  The  Hiland  Lockwood  Gift." 

j  Charles  Mead  Trust  Fund,  prefera 
|  bly  for  the  South  Boston  Branch. 
j  Memorial  of  her  father,  Hon.  Jon- 
j  athan  Bourne. 

j  "  Galatea  Library,"  books  and 
|  pamphlets  on  the  history  of  woman. 

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CONDITIONS  OR  REMARKS. 

Books  valued  at  $10,000. 

Income  to  be  used. 
I  Residue  of  the  estate  for  new  li- 
-<  brary  building  on  expiration  of  life 
|  interests. 

\     ||| 

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(  Memorial  of  A.  C.  Coxe,  jr.  ,  class  of 
•  |1  1897- 

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i  Memorial  of  Henry  May,  class  of  1897. 

From  library  of  Zenas  Kurd. 

Women  of  Mt.  Vernon. 
ooo.ooo  .  .  , 

Alex.  J.  Cotheal  fund  for  oriental  books 

For  books. 
j  For  library  fund.  Valuable  Hebrew 
1  mss. 
1  T.  Addis  Emmet  collection  of  mss. 
•<  engravings,  and  books  on  Am.  Revo- 
(  lution  ;  valued  at  $200,000. 

Land  valued  at  $6,000. 

From  graduates, 
j  Also  an  unbound  set  of  "  Pictu 
1  resque  Europe." 
Endowment  fund. 
For  completing  the  card  catalog. 

Endowment  fund. 

Not  stated. 

(  $5,000  for  a  building  ;  $5,000  foi 
•<  books  and  furnishing;  memorial  tc 
|  her  husband. 
)  Also  land  for  park  and  public  li- 
1  brary  on  the  death  of  her  sister. 

-chase  of 

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j  .  An  endowment  for  the  pui 

Technical  library  of  her  husba 

To  complete  library  building. 
Miscellaneous  and  art  books. 
For  endowment. 

j  To  purchase  books  ;  as  a  n 
1  of  his  silver  wedding. 

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DeLancey  Floyd- 
Seth  T.ow... 

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94 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


THE   PROCEEDINGS. 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  MONDAY -FRIDAY,  JUNE  21-25,  l897- 


FIRST  SESSION. 

(PENNSYLVANIA  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY,  MONDAY 
EVENING,  JUNE  21,  8.30  P.M.) 

A  RECEPTION  was  held  in  the  rooms  of  the 
Historical  Society,  where  the  members  of  the 
Association  were  received  with  the  most  cor- 
dial hospitality,  and  where  a  delightful  time 
was  passed  in  social  intercourse  and  in  examin- 
ing the  many  treasures  of  books,  autographs, 
and  manuscripts,  displayed  for  the  inspection 
of  the  visitors.  The  meeting  was  called  to 
order  by  President  Brett  at  9.10,  and  a  short 
address  of  welcome  was  made  by  Judge  Sam- 
uel W.  Pennypacker,  vice-president  of  the  His- 
torical Society.  Other  short  addresses  were 
made  by  President  Brett,  S:  S.  Green,  who 
spoke  as  a  representative  of  the  first  A.  L.  A. 
conference,  and  Dr.  William  A.  Pepper,  who 
closed  the  session  with  a  few  words  of  cordial 
greeting.  A  supper  was  then  served  in  the 
main  hall,  and  the  rest  of  the  evening  was 
spent  in  enjoyment  of  the  social,  bibliographi- 
cal and  hospitable  delights  of  a  delightful 
gathering. 

SECOND  SESSION. 

(AUDITORIUM  OF  THE  DREXEL  INSTITUTE, 
TUESDAY  MORNING,  JUNE  22.) 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  9.30 
by  President  W.  H.  BRETT,  who,  after  a  brief 
word  of  greeting,  read 

THE  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

(Seep,  i.) 

Mr.   R.  P.  HAYES  then  read  his 
SECRETARY'S  REPORT. 

Early  in  December  a  number  of  the  members 
of  the  A.  L.  A.  were  invited  to  Washington  to 
appear  before  the  committee  on  the  Library  of 
Congress. 

The  object  of  the  investigation  was  to  pre- 
sent to  the  committee  the  ideas  of  the  librarians 
as  to  the  future  of  the  Library  of  Congress. 

A    special  meeting   of   the  Association   was 


called  at  New  York  on  Feb.  '6,  to  consider  the 
reincorporation  of  the  A.  L.  A.  under  the  laws 
of  the  United  States.  The  meeting  did  not 
take  any  final  action,  but  referred  the  matter  to 
the  regular  meeting. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Cole  resigned  as  treasurer,  and 
the  Executive  Board  elected  Mr.  C.  K.  Bolton 
to  that  office. 

The  Executive  Board  took  prompt  action  with 
regard  to  the  proposed  tariff  on  books,  protest- 
ing against  the  bill  as  presented,  and  suggest- 
ing changes  which  have  been  almost  entirely 
incorporated  in  the  bill  now  before  the  Senate. 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  The  question  of  reincorpora- 
tion, referred  to  at  the  special  meeting  men- 
tioned in  the  secretary's  report,  will  be.discussed 
at  a  later  session  of  the  Association. 

The  secretary  then  read  the 

REPORT   OF  THE  TRUSTEES  OF  THE   ENDOWMENT 
FUND. 

Herewith  I  submit  the  annual  report  of  the 
Trustees  of  the  Endowment  Fund. 

No  subscriptions  have  been  received  since 
that  of  Hon.  P.  T.  Sexton,  announced  at  the 
last  conference,  nor  any  other  additions  to  the 
fund,  except  from  interest  on  loans  and  de- 
posits. 

Allow  me  to  suggest  that  the  relations  be- 
tween the  fund  and  the  Publishing  Section 
need  further  definition.  Under  §8  of  the  A. 
L.  A.  constitution  the  principal  of  the  fund 
must  be  "invested  and  kept  forever  in- 
violate." In  §16  it  is  stated  that  the  Associa- 
tion is  not  liable  for  debts  incurred  by  the  Pub- 
lishing Section.  Without  such  liability  it  is 
doubtful  whether  the  trustees  can  consider  a 
loan  to  the  Publishing  Section  as  an  investment 
within  the  provisions  of  the  constitution,  and 
they  are,  therefore,  limited  in  making  such 
loans  to  the  amount  of  accrued  interest. 

Mr.  Whitney,  for  the  Finance  Committee 
has  examined  the  securities  and  vouchers  of 
the  trustees,  on  file  here. 

CHARLES  C.  SOULE. 
Treasurer  of  the  Endowment  Fund. 


SECOND   SESSION. 


95 


AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  ENDOWMENT  FUND  CASH   ACCOUNT. 


Sept. 
Jan. 
July 
Sept. 

Oct. 
Dec. 
Feb. 
March 


i, 
I, 
I, 

4. 

12, 

2, 

19. 

16, 

9, 

2'), 


April     2, 


RECEIVED. 

1896.     From  E.  C.  Hovey,  treasurer, 

Interest  at  bank  j       nQt  previous]y  cred,tedf 

"      on  loan,     .... 
Contribution,  P.  T.  Sexton, 
Interest  on  loan,     .... 

"       at  bank,  .  . 

1897.  "        on  loans     .... 


Principal  of  loan,  repaid. 
Interest  on  loan, 


PAID. 


Nov.   20,  1896. 

April  16,  1897. 
May    14,      " 
June      8,      " 
"      15,      " 


Loan  to  Publishing  Section, 

Safe  for  securities, 

Loan  to  Publishing  Section, 

Loan  on  mortgage  3  years,  6  per  cent., 

Cash  in  bank,          .  .  . 


Mortgage  notes  bearing  6  per  cent,  interest, 
7 


Loans  to  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section  bearing  6  per  cent,  interest, 
Cash  in  International  Trust  Co.,  Boston, 


LIABILITIES:  None. 

Annual  expenses  :  $10  for  safe-deposit  drawer. 
[Other  incidental  expenses  defrayed  by  trustees.] 

BOSTON,  June  15,  1897. 


Amount. 

$4300.00 

iioo.oo 


IOOO.OO 

64.88 


.     $1518.67 
6.14 

I          5-75 
30.00 

IOO.OO 

24,50 
12.99 

68.00 

30.00 

4-33 

IOOO.OO 

24.50 

$2824.88 

$250.00 

IO.OO 

500.00 
2000.00 

64.88 

$2824.88 

Annual  Income. 

3.OO 
77-00 


$335.oo 
60.00 


At  the  request  of  Mr.  Charles  C.  Soule, 
Chairman  of  the  Endowment  Fund  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  I  have  examined 
his  accounts  and  securities,  and  find  $64.88  on 
deposit  in  the  International  Trust  Co.,  of  Bos- 
ton, with  evidences  of  investments  of  five  thou- 
sand four  hundred  dollars  ($5400)  in  mortgage 
loans,  and  one  thousand  dollars  ($1000)  lent  to 
the  Publishing  Section  of  the  Association.  I 
also  find  that  the  securities  are  properly  kept  in 
the  Third  National  Bank  Safe  Deposit  Co., 
Boston,  in  the  name  of  the  Trustees  of  the  En- 
dowment Fund  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation. JAMES  L.  WHITNEY, 

Chairman  of  Finance  Committee. 

Voted. — That  the  report  of  the  Trustees  of 
the  Endowment  Fund  be  accepted  and  laid  over 
for  further  consideration. 


W:  I.  FLETCHER,  chairman  of  the  Publishing 
Section,  read  Mr.  W:  C.  LANE'S 

REPORT  OF  THE  PUBLISHING  SECTION. 
(See  p.  84.) 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  I  do  not  think  I  violate 
any  confidence  when  I  tell  you  that  in  a  private 
letter  of  Mr.  lies,  he  states  that  he  is  willing 
to  pay  $1000  toward  the  publication  of  an 
annotated  bibliography  of  American  history, 
the  book  to  contain  1000  titles  or  thereabouts. 
Perhaps  I  had  better  not  read  the  rest  of  his 
letter,  in  which  he  states  whom  he  expects  to 
do  the  work  of  general  editor  of  the  History 
list  ;  but  I  think  if  I  did  tell  you  upon  whom 
he  was  depending,  you  would  agree  with  me 
that  he  is  the  right  man  in  exactly  the  right 
place. 

I  think  we  ought  not  to  overlook  Mr.  lies' 


96 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


generous  offer  to  contribute  $1000  out  of  his 
own  pocket  to  see  this  work  done. 

There  seems  to  be  some  little  difference  be- 
tween Mr.  Lane's  report  and  the  report  of  the 
Endowment  Fund  Trustees  as  to  the  loan  made 
by  the  Endowment  Fund  Trustees  to  the  Pub- 
lishing Section.  I  think  there  ought  to  be  a 
better  definition  in  our  constitution  with  regard 
to  this  matter.  Mr.  Lane  understood  that  the 
loan  to  the  Publishing  Section  was  made  from 
income,  but  Mr.  Soule  in  the  report  states  that 
it  is  made  from  principal.  That  is  a  very  seri- 
ous difference  ;  partly  a  difference  of  judgment, 
however,  as  to  how  it  should  be  counted. 

Reference  has  been  made  in  Mr.  Lane's  re- 
port to  the  change  in  the  constitution  of  the 
Publishing  Section,  by  which  it  is  made  more 
strictly  than  before  a  section  of  the  Associa- 
tion ;  that  is  to  say,  the  amendment  presented 
last  year  and  voted  upon  favorably  without  any 
opposition,  only  awaits  favorable  action  this 
year  in  order  to  become  a  part  of  our  constitu- 
tion. It  is  necessary  that  favorable  action 
should  be  taken  two  years  in  succession  in  order 
to  amend  the  constitution,  and  we  ought  to 
take  action  upon  that  amendment  at  this  meet- 
ing. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF. —  In  moving  that  this 
very  interesting  report  be  received  and  filed, 
I  can  but  express  my  sorrow  that  it  is  not  in 
print  and  in  the  hands  of  every  member  of  the 
Association,  as  was  the  plan  last  year.  We 
have  listened  with  pleasure  to  the  interesting 
details  of  this  report,  but  I  do  not  think  there 
is  anybody  in  the  room  that  grasps  at  present 
the  importance  of  it.  This  brings  to  our  notice 
the  question  as  to  whether  such  reports  as  this 
should  not  in  future  be  printed  before  the  meet- 
ing of  the  Association,  so  that  we  may  have 
them  before  us  for  discussion. 

Voted.  —  That  the  report  of  the  Publishing 
Section  be  accepted. 

The  secretary  read  the  amendment  to  the 
constitution  of  the  Publishing  Section  : 

"The  Publishing  Section  shall  consist  of  five 
members  appointed  by  the  Executive  Board  for 
terms  of  not  more  than  three  years.  Its  ob- 
ject shall  be  to  secure  the  preparation  and  pub- 
lication of  such  catalogs,  indexes  and  other  bib- 
liographic and  library  aids  as  it  may  approve. 

"  The  Section  shall  annually  appoint  from  its 
own  number  a  chairman,  secretary,  and  treas- 
urer. 


"  No  moneys  shall  be  paid  by  the  treasurer 
except  with  the  written  approval  of  three  other 
members  of  the  Section,  and  no  work  shall  be 
undertaken  except  by  a  vote  of  a  majority  of 
the  whole  Section. 

"  The  treasury  of  the  Section  is  entirely 
distinct  from  that  of  the  Association,  and 
the  Association  is  not  liable  for  any  debts  in- 
curred by  the  Section.  With  the  approval  of 
the  Finance  Committee  money  may  be  appropri- 
ated from  the  treasury  of  the  Association  for 
the  running  expenses,  but  the  Section  depends 
on  the  endowment  fund  as  the  financial  basis  of 
its  undertakings. 

"  The  Section  shall  report  in  writing  at  each 
annual  meeting  of  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation." 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  This  section  as  read  is  the 
amendment  adopted  a  year  ago  ? 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  — Yes,  sir  ;  and  in  order  to 
make  it  a  part  of  the  constitution,  an  amend- 
ment must  receive  a  favorable  vote  of  the  As- 
sociation at  two  successive  regular  meetings. 
That  amendment  was  passed  at  the  annual  ses- 
sion a  year  ago,  and  I  move  its  final  passage 
now.  Voted. 

Dr.  CYRUS  ADLER.  —  I  move  that  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association  gratefully  recognizes 
the  generous  action  of  Mr.  lies  in  forwarding  the 
work  of  the  Publishing  Section. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF.  — I  second  the  motion  of 
Dr.  Adler,  and  wish  to  say  that  although  the 
value  of  the  two  bibliographies  may  be  equal, 
undoubtedly  the  sale  of  the  historical  bibliog- 
raphy will  be  largely  in  excess  of  that  covering 
the  fine  arts.  And  in  seconding  the  motion,  I 
would  like  to  have  it  amended,  that  the  gen- 
erous offer  of  Mr.  lies  be  accepted  as  soon  as 
the  Publishing  Section  feel  themselves  in  a  po- 
sition to  take  up  the  work.  I  believe  that  this 
historical  bibliography  is  going  to  be  of  great 
value  and  great  use  to  the  Association.  Mr. 
lies  is,  to  my  personal  knowledge,  making 
every  effort  to  get  the  most  accomplished  edit- 
ors and  the  most  efficient  help  in  making  it, 
and  is  prepared  to  push  it  as  soon  as  the  Section 
feels  itself  in  a  position  to  take  up  the  work. 
Mr.  lies,  as  you  all  know,  is  deeply  interested 
in  this  annotation  of  literature,  and  he  is  will- 
ing to  take  it  up  and  push  it  to  the  advantage 
of  us  all. 

The  amendment  was  accepted,  and  it  was 
Voted.  —  That  the  American  Library  Association 


SECOND   SESSION. 


97 


gratefully  recognizes  the  generous  action  of  Mr. 
lies  in  forwarding  the  work  of  the  Publishing 
Section,  and  that  his  offer  be  accepted,  to  be 
carried  into  effect  as  soon  as  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion shall  think  best  to  do  so. 

PRINTING  OF  PAPERS  AND   REPORTS. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF.  —  I  move  that  the  secre- 
tary be  instructed  to  have  this  report  printed 
immediately  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
members  of  the  Association  before  this  confer- 
ence adjourns.  Voted, 

G.  M.  JONES. — I  do  not  see  what  can  be 
gained  by  having  this  report  printed.  We  shall 
be  obliged  to  leave  all  the  details  that  are 
brought  up  in  it  entirely  to  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion. They  are  the  best  judges  as  to  what 
ought  to  be  done,  and  what  is  practicable  to  be 
done. 

T.  GUILFORD  SMITH.  —  I  am  very  glad  that 
the  motion  to  have  it  printed  is  made.  I 
thought  that  the  action  of  the  Cleveland  con- 
ference was  that  the  reports  should  be  printed, 
and  that  they  should  be  in  the  hands  of  mem- 
bers so  that  we  could  follow  the  chairman 
in  reading  the  report.  As  that  Jias  not  been 
done,  and  was  not  so  understood,  the  motion  to 
have  it  printed  at  once  for  the  use  of  this  con- 
ference seems  to  be  the  proper  thing. 

I  call  for  the  question  which  I  think  was 
passed  and  not  yet  announced. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  It  seems  to  me  highly 
proper  that  the  officers  of  the  Section  should  be 
heard  from,  for,  I  am  sure,  they  would  all 
agree  with  me  in  saying  that  nobody  could  wish 
that  this  report  should  be  printed  and  placed  in 
your  hands  as  soon  as  possible  more  than  we  do, 
for  if  there  is  anything  that  we  want  as  a  com- 
mittee it  is  that  you  should  know  all  about  it 
and  understand  it  and  back  it  up.  Hew  you 
are  going  to  back  it  without  understanding  it,  I 
do  not  know  ;  how  you  are  going  to  understand 
it  without  reading  it,  I  cannot  see. 

The  president  announced  that  the  vote  was 
passed.  A  motion  to  reconsider  was  lost ;  and 
it  was  Voted.  —  That  further  action  on  the  re- 
port be  deferred  until  the  report  should  be 
printed  and  in  the  hands  of  members. 

THORVALD  SOLBERG.  —  If  further  discussion 
of  the  report  is  out  of  order,  is  it  out  of  order 
to  bring  up  the  general  proposition  to  have  these 
reports  ordered  printed,  so  that  when  we  meet 
in  conference  we  shall  have  them  in  our 


hands  ?  That  seems  to  be.  an  ordinary  proceed- 
ing in  all  other  conferences,  so  that  the  mem- 
bers shall  have  time  to  digest  the  reports.  I 
would  like  to  know  whether  it  is  in  order  now 
to  move  that  all  reports  be  printed  in  advance 
of  the  meeting  ? 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  I  think  this  is  an  important 
matter,  and  it  would  be  well  to  carefully 
prepare  a  motion  expressing  exactly  what  the 
Association  wants  to  have  done.  It  is  quite 
necessary  that  some  reports  should  be  printed, 
while  many  others  need  not  be  printed.  I 
would  be  very  glad  if  those  who  are  interested 
in  the  matter  would  prepare  and  present  to  this 
Association  a  resolution  that  would  express  ex- 
actly their  opinion  on  that  matter. 

The  secretary  read  the 

REPORT   OF  THE   CO-OPERATION    COMMITTEE. 

.(See  p.  81.) 

Voted.  —  That  the  report  of  the  Co-operation 
Committee  be  accepted  and  recorded. 

ENDOWMENT   FUND. 

S:  S.  GREEN.  —  It  has  seemed  to  me  that,  as 
we  have  an  endowment  fund,  of  which  I  know 
very  little,  some  action  is  necessary  in  regard 
thereto.  I  move  that  the  Trustees  of  the  En- 
dowment Fund  be  requested  to  present  an  item- 
ized list  of  the  investments  of  the  fund  in  their 
annual  report. 

The  motion  of  Mr.  Green  was  carried. 

The  secretary  read  the 

REPORT   OF   COMMITTEE    ON   PUBLIC    DOCUMENTS. 

The  Committee  on  Public  Documents  has 
this  year  but  little  to  report  as  to  legislation. 
The  supplementary  bill  prepared  by  Superin- 
tendent Crandall  to  complete  the  work  of  the 
Public  Documents  Act  of  1895,  referred  to  in 
the  last  report  of  this  committee,  and  approved 
by  the  Association  at  the  Cleveland  conference, 
failed  to  become  a  law.  It  passed  the  House 
of  Representatives,  but  was  never  reported 
from  the  Printing  Committee  of  the  Senate. 
It  must,  therefore,  be  introduced  as  a  new  bill 
in  the  present  Congress. 

Of  10  bills  referring  to  public  documents, 
introduced  at  the  last  session  of  the  54th  Con- 
gress, including  that  aboved  noted,  but  one 
became  a  law.  This  was  the  bill  providing  for 
the  preparation  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Ames,  who  is 
named  in  the  bill,  of  a  "comprehensive  index" 
like  that  prepared  by  him  for  1889-93,  cover- 


98 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


ing  the  publications  .of  the  government  from 
1881,  the  date  of  the  Poore  catalog,  to  1893. 
This  was  not  entirely  approved  by  the  library 
profession,  as  Mr.  Crandall's  catalog  had  mean- 
time set  a  much  higher  standard,  but  it  passed 
both  houses  and  was  approved  by  the  President 
on  March  3. 

Since  the  last  conference  two  important  vol- 
umes have  been  published,  in  accordance  with 
the  provisions  of  the  new  law,  from  Superin- 
tendent Crandall's  office.  The  first  is  the  "com- 
prehensive catalog  "  of  publications,  both  con- 
gressional and  departmental,  during  the  period 
of  the  53d  Congress;  the  second  is  the  "  consoli- 
dated index "  for  the  first  session  of  the  54th 
Congress.  The  first-named  has  been  received 
as  so  far  the  best  model  of  cataloging  for 
government  publications,  and  the  second  is  a 
vast  improvement  over  the  previous  cumbrous 
and  costly  system  of  indexing.  Mr.  Crandall's 
second  annual  report,  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1896,  was  issued  in  January  last,  and  is  also 
an  important  contribution  to  the  literature  of 
the  subject.  It  gives  a  very  careful  statistical 
statement  as  to  depository  libraries  and  govern- 
ment publications. 

The  bill  proposed  by  the  Congressional  Li- 
brary Committee  with  reference  to  the  Library 
of  Congress  was  not  passed,  but  the  Appropria- 
tions bill  covered  provision  for  the  removal  of 
the  Library  of  Congress,  and,  happily,  for  the 
separation  of  the  Copyright  Bureau  as  a  distinct 
division  of  the  library.  The  report  of  the  Joint 
Committee  on  Library,  issued  as  Senate  report 
I573.  54th  Congress,  second  session,  includes  a 
verbatim  statement  of  the  evidence  at  the 
several  hearings,  at  which  librarians  were  rep- 
resented, and  a  tabular  comparison  of  the  force 
and  expenditure  in  the  Library  of  Congress, 
compared  with  those  in  other  national  libraries. 

There  is  little  further  to  report  for  the  present 
year  as  to  state  publications.  A  list  of  state 
publications  for  the  period  July  I,  1890  to  June 
30,  1895,  has  been  printed  as  an  appendix  to 
the  "American  catalogue"  for  that  period  and 
also  separately  issued,  and  a  copy  is  appended 
to  this  report. 

R.  R.  BOWKER,       \ 

W.  A.  BARDWELL,  >  Committee. 

F.  B.  GAY, 

The  report  was  accepted  and  ordered  re- 
corded. 


•W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  I  wish  to  give  notice  of 
my  intention  a  little  later,  when  it  can  be  done 
with  due  form,  to  present  a  resolution  expres- 
sive of  the  attitude  of  the  American  Library 
Association  towards  the  work  of  the  Public 
Documents  Office. 

REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE  ON   THE   DR.  WILLIAM   F. 
POOLE  MEMORIAL   FUND. 

Dr.  G.  E.  WIRE,  secretary,  made  the  follow- 
ing verbal  statement:  We  have  succeeded  in 
collecting  about  $465,  and  expect  to  raise  at  this 
session  of  the  conference  sufficient  to  make  the 
fund  $500. 

We  have  had  plans  submitted  for  the  Me- 
morial, but  did  not  want  to  close  the  contract 
until  we  had  the  money  in  sight.  The  ex- 
pectation was  that  a  considerable  part  of  the 
sum  would  be  raised  in  Chicago,  and  I  did  a 
good  deal  of  personal  work  this  winter  on  that 
line,  but  it  was  after  the  election  and  before 
prosperity  came,  and  the  consequence  was  that 
although  I  got  some  money  I  did  not  get  as 
much  as  I  expected.  I  thought  I  would  be  able 
to  show  you  a  picture  of  the  Memorial  at  this 
meeting,  but  it  was  impossible  to  do  so  in  the 
condition  of  affairs. 

The  report  was  accepted  and  the  committee 
continued. 

J.  N.  WING.  —  This  movement  started  at 
Lake  Placid,  and  I  think  it  has  been  going  on 
quite  long  enough.  The  committee  have  tried 
time  and  time  again  sending  out  circulars,  and 
we  still  lack  the  sum  of  $35.  I  move  that  we 
take  a  recess  of  five  minutes,  and  that  four 
tellers  be  appointed  to  go  around  this  meeting 
to  collect  the  money  needed. 

The  motion  of  Mr.  Wing  was  carried,  and  the 
president  appointed  as  tellers  Mr.  Wing,  Mr. 
Stevenson,  Miss  Lord,  and  Miss  Sharp.  At  the 
end  of  the  recess  of  five  minutes  Dr.  Wire  an- 
nounced that  the  collection  amounted  to  $44. 

The  following  is  an  itemized  statement  of 
the  fund  : 

In  bank,  ....     $435.00 

Received  cash,        .         .         .  8.00 

Subscriptions,          .         .         .         10.00 
Employes'   fund  of    Chicago 

Public  Library,    .         .         .         20.00 


Amount  raised  by  collection, 


$473-oo 
44.80 

$517-80 


SECOND   SESSION. 


99 


J:  C.  DANA,  in  the  absence  of  the  chairman, 
J.  G.  WHITTIER,  read  the 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  STATE  AID. 

Few  changes  have  been  made  in  library  legis- 
lation in  the  United  States  in  the  last  10  months, 
but  public  interest  in  libraries  as  a  part  of  the 
educational  system  of  every  state  is  increasing. 

No  bills  establishing  library  commissions  or 
travelling  libraries,  or  offering  state  aid,  have 
ever  been  reported  from  Alabama,  Arizona, 
Arkansas,  Delaware,  Florida,  Idaho,  Kansas, 
Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  North  Caro- 
lina, North  Dakota,  Oregon,  South  Carolina, 
South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Utah,  Vir- 
ginia, West  Virginia,  or  Washington.  Connec- 
ticut, Iowa,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Michigan, 
New  Hampshire,  New  York,  Ohio,  Rhode 
Island,  Vermont,  and  Wisconsin,  had  before 
last  year's  report  (L.  J,  21:  C68)  a  library  com- 
mission, travelling  libraries  or  some  form  of 
state  aid. 

Bills  providing  for  the  establishment  of  lib- 
rary commissions  or  travelling  libraries  have 
been  under  discussion  or  brought  before  this 
year's  legislature  in  California,  Colorado, 
Georgia,  Illinois,  Maryland,  Minnesota,  Ken- 
tucky, Nebraska,  and  Pennsylvania.  A  bill 
was  before  the  Colorado  legislature  providing 
for  a  commission,  but  was  lost.  The  Minnesota 
bill  was  recommended  in  the  Senate,  but  op- 
posed in  the  House  by  an  enlightened  repre- 
sentative, who  thought  that  "  it  was  not  within 
the  province  of  the  legislature  to  supply  the 
people  with  books  any  more  than  it  was  with 
boots  ;  that  circulation  of  travelling  libraries 
would  be  a  slow  process  ;  that  they  could  not 
easily  be  sent  from  one  part  of  the  state  to 
another;  and  that  the  whole  thing  was  really  a 
scheme  for  some  dealer  to  job  off  a  lot  of  books." 
In  Nebraska  a  bill  was  presented  providing  for 
travelling  libraries  and  a  library  commission, 
but  failed.  In  New  Jersey,  a  similar  bill  passed 
the  legislature,  but  was  vetoed  by  the  governor. 
Wisconsin  has  made  a  greater  advance  than  any 
other  state,  adding  $240,000  to  the  $180,000  voted 
two  years  ago  for  the  State  Historical  Society 
and  State  University  Library.  The  annual  ap- 
propriation to  the  State  Historical  Society  is 
also  increased  by  $10,000,  and  the  general  law 
in  regard  to  free  public  libraries  amended  until  a 
common  council  or  village  board  may  establish 
a  library  without  a  popular  vote,  but  the  money 


appropriated  must  be  expended  by  a  library 
board.  City  superintendents  of  schools  are 
made  ex-officio  members  of  public  library  boards, 
which  make  contracts  with  town  or  county 
boards  regarding  the  lending  of  library  books. 
A  bill  has  been  passed  extending  the  work  of 
the  library  commission,  appropriating  $4000  a 
year  for  its  work,  and  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  paid  secretary  and  assistant. 
Through  the  generosity  of  Senator  Stout  and 
other  friends  the  commission  has  received  more 
than  $4000  for  travelling  libraries. 

Massachusetts  has  established  85  free  libra- 
ries since  the  Public  Library  Commission  was 
appointed  in  1890,  Connecticut  40  since  1891, 
New  Hampshire  130  since  the  same  year,  Ver- 
mont 59  since  1894. 

The  report  was  accepted  and  ordered  re- 
corded. 

The  secretary  read  the  summary  of  the 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS. 
(See p.  90.) 

The  report  was  accepted  and  ordered  re- 
corded. 

The  secretary  read  the 

REPORTS    OF  THE   COMMITTEE  ON  AMERICAN 
LIBRARIES   CLEARING-HOUSE. 

Majority  report. 

Your  committee  beg  leave  to  report  that  after 
communicating  with  the  Bureau  of  Education 
and  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Documents  at 
Washington,  it  is  found  that  neither  office  is 
desirous  of  adding  to  its  present  heavy  burdens 
the  task  of  establishing  and  conducting  a  sys- 
tem of  clearance  and  exchange  between  the 
libraries  of  the  country.  Such  being  their  at- 
titude, the  committee  deemed  it  inexpedient  for 
the  Association  to  further  urge  the  matter,  so 
far  as  they  are  concerned. 

Your  committee,  however,  are  of  the  opinion 
that  such  a  system  of  exchange  is  highly  desira- 
ble. It  has  been  suggested  that  such  systems 
be  established  in  each  state,  upon  a  state  basis, 
with  the  state  library  as  the  centre,  as  is  done 
in  New  York  ;  but  it  is  evident  that  there  are 
few  state  libraries  so  conducted  or  so  equipped 
that  they  can  or  will  carry  on  this  work,  which 
is  essentially  of  a  missionary  character,  with 
little  apparent  or  immediate  benefit  to  the  state 
library  itself.  Your  committee  are  of  the  opin- 
ion that  although  working  admirably  in  New 


100 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


York,  successful  state  systems  would  be  few  in 
number  and  ordinarily  of  limited  scope.  Even 
were  they  in  general  operation,  there  would 
soon  be  a  demand  for  a  national  clearing-house 
for  the  various  state  systems. 

In  the  opinion  of  the  committee,  the  work 
appertaining  to  the  work  of  a  national  clearing- 
house for  libraries,  as  suggested,  could  best  be 
undertaken  by  the  national  library,  when  that 
library  is  fully  reorganized.  It  ought  to  be 
possible,  through  such  a  system,  for  the  author 
of  a  pamphlet  or  monograph  to  send  a  con- 
siderable number  of  his  publication  to  the 
national  library  by  freight  or  express,  with  the 
assurance  that  persons  expert  in  such  matters 
will  distribute  these  by  government  frank  to 
those  libraries  throughout  the  country  where 
they  will  be  most  welcome  and  where  they  will 
do  the  most  good.  Many  public  institutions 
and  associations  issuing  reports  or  papers, 
would  be  glad,  in  addition  to  their  own  mailing 
lists,  to  send  several  copies  of  each  report  or 
paper  to  the  national  library,  and  thus  take 
advantage  of  its  clearing-house  system.  It 
would  be  feasible  for  such  institutions  and 
associations  as  collect  files  of  the  publications 
of  similar  enterprises,  to  arrange,  through  the 
clearing-house,  for  a  fair  exchange  from  the 
duplicate  stock  of  the  clearing-house.  Individ- 
uals and  libraries  possessing  duplicates  could 
readily  send  to  the  clearing-house  such  as  they 
might  wish  to  spare  for  exchange,  and  be  as- 
sured of  equitable  treatment  at  the  hands  of  the 
latter.  Lists  could  be  published,  monthly  or 
quarterly,  of  such  accumulations  as  have  been 
made  ;  and,  under  the  principle  of  "  first  come, 
first  served,"  exchanges  could  be  arranged 
upon  the  basis  of  similar  lists  issued  by  individ- 
uals or  libraries  desiring  to  exchange.  This 
last-mentioned  method  is  one  already  in  actual 
use  between  some  of  the  largest  libraries  in  the 
country,  and  their  experience  could  freely  be 
drawn  upon  for  the  details  of  a  more  elaborate 
system. 

The  need  of  a  national  clearing-house  is  evi- 
dent to  the  managers  of  reference  libraries  who 
have  given  any  thought  to  the  matter ;  the 
methods  of  spasmodic  exchange  are  well  estab- 
lished through  long  practice,  and  need  but 
slight  modification  and  expansion  to  meet  the 
proposed  national  system  ;  that  many  of  the 
authors,  organizations,  libraries,  and  miscel- 
laneous institutions  of  the  United  States,  and 


possibly  of  Canada  and  Mexico,  would  be  glad, 
as  soon  as  they  were  confident  of  its  being 
skilfully  managed,  to  take  advantage  of  such 
a  system  is  evident  ;  the  points  remaining  are 
only  of  detail.  The  new  national  library  ap- 
pears to  your  committee  as  the  logical  centre 
of  such  a  movement ;  it  has  abundant  room, 
and  doubtless  will  have  abundant  service.  The 
system  will  fail  if  allowed  to  sink  into  the  ruts 
of  perfunctory  officialism  ;  it  must  be  managed 
by  an  expert  reference  librarian,  who  has  a 
broad  range  of  knowledge,  who  is  possessed  of 
detailed  information  relative  to  the  needs  of  the 
several  libraries  of  the  country,  who  has  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  collector,  and  the  rare  gift  of 
what  we  call  "  executive  ability."  With  such 
a  man  or  woman  at  its  head,  a  library  clearing- 
house bureau  could  and  should  be  established 
at  the  national  library,  which  will  be  a  blessing 
to  every  reference  librarian  in  America. 

REUBEN  G.  THWAITES,  Chairman. 

J.  F.  LANGTON. 
MAY,  1897. 

Minority  report. 

I  am  not  sufficiently  agreed  upon  the  subject 
itself  to  endorse  the  report  of  the  Committee  on 
American  Libraries  Clearing-House,  advocating 
the  management  of  a  clearing-house  by  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress,  in  spite  of  the  good  argu- 
ment presented  by  the  committee  in  so  seductive 
a  light. 

It  has  not  been  possible  for  me  to  convince 
myself  that  it  is  any  part  of  the  function  of  the 
government  to  assist  the  librarian  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  ephemeral  private  publications,  much 
less  to  supply  him  with  such  publications 
gratuitously.  The  government  is  already  car- 
rying on  a  large  clearing-house  plant  in  its  in- 
ternational exchange  system,  the  office  of  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  the  exchange 
system  of  the  Geological  Survey,  etc. 

With  the  Library  of  Congress  already  over- 
burdened with  difficulties,  the  copyright  system 
inadequately  provided  for,  the  document 
problem  yet  in  chaos  —  all  matters  of  greater 
moment  to  libraries  than  the  free  distribution 
of  private  pamphlets  —  the  futility  of  any  recom- 
mendation at  the  present  time  involving  addi- 
tional labor  in  any  of  these  departments,  forces 
itself  upon  me,  and  prevents  agreement  with 
the  report  of  the  committee. 

ADELAIDE  R.  HASSE. 


SECOND   SESSION, 


101 


Col.  WESTON  FLINT.  —  Before  these  reports 
are  received,  placed  on  file  and  published,  I 
think  proper  to  state,  as  all  may  not  fully  un- 
derstand, that  one  part  of  the  last  report  I 
should  hardly  think  would  be  taken  in  full, 
namely,  what  is  said  about  the  provisions  about 
the  new  Library  of  Congress.  After  the  first 
of  July,  it  may  be  said  that  almost  certainly 
there  will  be  full  provision  of  force  to  do  almost 
any  work  that  will  be  required  of  the  library  in 
the  future.  With  regard  to  the  question  of  diffi- 
culties, preparation  may  be  required,  but  there 
is  a  large  force  and  large  preparation  for 
carrying  on  the  work  of  the  library. 

Dr.  J:  S.  BILLINGS.  —  The  force  provided  for 
the  Congressional  Library  will  be  fully  occupied 
for  at  least  five  years  in  cataloging  and  arrang- 
ing the  documents  packed  away  in  boxes  and 
which  have  never  been  opened.  I  am  very 
much  more  in  sympathy  with  the  views  ex- 
pressed in  the  minority  report  than  those  of  the 
majority  report.  The  recommendations  in  the 
form  made  appear  to  me  to  be  entir-ely  impracti- 
cable, and  I  should  regret  seeing  the  American 
Library  Association  making  recommendations 
to  any  government  department  which  would  on 
the  face  of  them,  and  to  those  who  are  familiar 
with  the  workings  of  the  department,  be  seen 
to  be  impracticable.  If,  however,  it  is  desired 
merely  that  these  reports  be  printed  and  not  be 
considered  as  endorsed  by  the  Association,  I 
see  no  objection  to  that  action. 

Both  reports  of  the  Committee  on  American 
Libraries  Clearing-House  were  received  and 
ordered  recorded,  and  the  committee  was  con- 
tinued for  further  report  at  next  meeting. 

INVITATIONS   FOR   CONFERENCE  OF   1898. 

The  secretary  announced  that  invitations  for 
the  next  meeting  of  the  Association  had  been  re- 
ceived from  Omaha,  Neb.,  Lincoln,  Neb.,  James- 
town, N.  Y.,  and  Pine  Bluff,  N.  C. 

EXPENSES  OF  EXECUTIVE  BOARD. 

Sec.  HAYES.  — At  a  meeting  of  the  Executive 
Board  held  in  December,  the  following  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  —  That  it  is  the  opinion  of 
the  members  of  this  board  that  the  American 
Library  Association,  at  its  meeting  in  June, 
1897,  should  arrange  for  the  payment  in  the 
future  of  the  expenses  of  the  members  of  the 
board  in  attending  meetings,  and  should  make 
a  proper  allowance  for  the  expenses  of  the  sec- 


retary.    I  think  that  would  be  proper  business 
for  our  meeting  on  Thursday. 

PRINTING   OF    PAPERS   AND    REPORTS. 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  If  any  one  has  a  resolution 
ready  on  the  question  of  printing  certain 
papers  in  advance  of  the  assembling  of  the 
meeting  in  the  future,  I  should  be  pleased  to 
entertain  it. 

S:  H.  RANCK.  —  I  desire  to  offer  the  follow- 
ing resolution  —  Resolved,  That  in  future  there 
shall  be  printed  in  advance  and  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  members  at  the  annual  conference 
all  such  reports  and  papers  as  the  Program  Com- 
mittee may  deem  advisable. 

W:  W.  BISHOP.  — Is  there  any  understanding 
as  to  who  is  to  print  these  reports  ?  The  reso- 
lution does  not  provide  for  that.  Is  there  any- 
thing in  the  constitution  to  provide  by  whom 
they  shall  be  printed  ?  This  resolution  does 
not  oblige  any  committee  to  present  a  written 
report.  It  leaves  the  thing  wholly  in  the 
hands  of  the  Program  Committee.  It  seems  to 
me  that  all  the  reports  presented  this  morning 
by  committees  might  as  well  have  been  in  print- 
ed form  for  our  consideration  and  adoption  be- 
fore we  came  here.  The  Program  Committee 
must  be  burdened  with  work,  and  it  would  seem 
that  a  resolution  providing  that  standing  com- 
mittees shall  have  their  reports  printed  would 
answer  the  purpose  better  than  the  one  read. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF.  —  I  would  like  to  speak 
in  favor  of  the  original  motion.  It  seems  to  me 
that  this  must  be  in  the  hands  of  the  Program 
Committee.  It  is  very  difficult  to  secure  written 
reports  from  committees,  as  I  have  realized,  and 
to  secure  printed  ones  would  be  much  more  dif- 
ficult. I  want  to  insist  further  upon  the  neces- 
sity of  printing  these  reports  in  advance.  As 
an  instance  of  that  I  would  cite  the  Gifts  and 
Bequests  report  of  this  morning.  We  are  all 
interested  in  the  gifts  and  bequests  to  libraries, 
and  in  presenting  the  report  it  was  requested 
that  if  there  were  any  omissions  they  would  be 
properly  reported.  We  are  thus  asked  to  sup- 
ply omissions  in  a  report  which  we  have  neither 
seen,  nor  heard  read,  and  in  which  at  the  same 
time  we  are  very  much  interested.  That  report 
is  a  very  important  one,  and  when  it  appears  in 
print  it  should  be  a  complete  and  perfect  one. 
If  the  preliminary  paper  as  presented  to  our 
Association  were  given  to  us  before  the  meet- 
ing each  year,  it  would  give  every  member  of 


IO2 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


the  Association  the  necessary  opportunity  to 
supply  deficiencies,  and  to  make  this  report 
what  it  should  be  when  it  is  published  in  the 
final  proceedings. 

S:  S.  GREEN.  —  I  move  as  a  substitute  for 
the  resolution  before  us,  that  the  Executive 
Board  see  to  it  that  such  reports  as  they  may 
deem  desirable  be  printed  and  placed  in  the 
hands  of  the  members  before  the  meeting  of  the 
Association. 

H.  J.  CARR.  —  I  think  I  can  safely  say  that 
no  harm  can  come  from  the  adoption  of  this 
resolution.  It  will  be  an  advantage  to  us  for 
another  reason  —  §2  of  our  by-laws  says  : 

"  No  paper  shall  be  read  before  a  meeting  of 
the  Association  till  it  has  been  examined  by  the 
board  or  a  Program  Committee  appointed  by  it, 
which  shall  decide  whether  it  is  to  be  read  en- 
tire or  by  abstract,  or  to  be  submitted  for  print- 
ing in  full  or  abstract,  or  rejected." 

The  adoption  of  this  resolution  will  tend  to 
enforce  and  expedite  the  enforcement  of  this 
article,  and  will  enable  the  Program  Committee 
or  Executive  Board  to  carry  out  the  terms  of 
that  by-law  more  effectively. 

The  substitute  offered  by  Mr.  Green  was  ac- 
cepted by  Mr.  Ranck,  and  it  was  Voted — That 
in  the  future  there  shall  be  printed  in  advance, 
to  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  members  at  the 
annual  conference,  all  such  reports  and  papers 
as  the  Executive  Board  may  deem  advisable. 

COMMITTEE   ON   RESOLUTIONS. 

The  president  appointed  as  a  Committee  on 
Resolutions  :  W:  T.  Peoples,  Miss  Hannah  P. 
James,  and  Arthur  W.  Tyler. 

Adjourned  at  12,  noon. 

THIRD    SESSION. 

(DREXEL  INSTITUTE,  TUESDAY  AFTERNOON, 
JUNE  22.) 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  2  p.m., 
Vice-president  J.  K.  HOSMER  in  the  chair. 

J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  The  president  has  devolved 
his  functions  upon  me  for  this  afternoon. 
From  the  programs  which  you  hold  in  your 
hands,  you  will  notice  that  the  business  of  the 
afternoon  is  the  discussion  of  "  Books  of  the 
year."  Before,  however,  we  proceed  to  the 
discussion,  we  will  hear  the  report  of  the  chair- 
man of  the  committee  in  charge  of  the  subject, 
Miss  Mary  S.  Cutler. 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  SUPPLEMENT  TO 
"CATALOG  OF  A.  L.  A.  LIBRARY." 

Your  committee  have  carried  on  the  work  of 
the  year  with  enthusiasm  for  the  importance 
and  increasing  faith  in  the  possibilities  of  the 
task  assigned  us.  A  growing  sense  of  the 
magnitude  and  delicate  nature  of  the  task  im- 
presses us  with  the  necessity  of  viewing  the 
work  critically,  and  of  planning  wisely  and 
definitely  for  its  future  development.  The  ex- 
perience of  three  years  leads  the  present  com- 
mittee to  form  the  following  judgments  : 

1.  The  value  of  its  decisions  will  be  increased 
by  enlarging  the  responsibility  of  the  commit- 
tee.    From  the  nature  of  the  case,  the  Associa- 
tion as  a  whole  is  not  competent  to  prepare  a 
book-list  which  would  be  of  any  special  value. 
If  the  democratic  principle  is  followed  in  the  se- 
lection of  books,  my  vote  on  a  work  in  chemical 
technology,  a  subject  of  which  I  am  totally  igno- 
rant, counts  equal  to  the  vote  of  the  librarian  of 
the  John  Crerar  Library,  an  acknowledged  ex- 
pert in  this  line.     A  list  of  fiction,  a  class  more 
familiar  than  any  other  to  the  members,  select- 
ed by  show  of  hands  in  open  meeting,   when 
each   vote  is  unduly  influenced  by  the  magnet- 
ism or    prestige  of  the  latest   speaker,  would 
command  respect  neither  within  nor  without  the 
Association.     The  preparation  of  the   Supple- 
ment  must   be   entrusted    to   a   committee    of 
librarians,  each  member  of  which  is  willing  to 
give  time  and  thought  to  personal  examination 
of  books  and  to  consultation  with   the  other 
judges. 

2.  This  committee  must  specialize.     In  order 
to  select  books  wisely  on  a  given  subject,  one 
must  have  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  subject.    It  is 
impossible,  therefore,   that  each  member  of  the 
committee'should  be  competent  to  judge  of  the 
merit  of  books  in  all  departments.     This  was 
recognized  last  year,   and  the  entire  choice  of 
books  in  useful  arts,  electricity,  and  medicine 
was  delegated  to  individuals.     This  year,  only 
fiction,    literature,    and    general    works    were 
judged  by  the  entire  committee. 

3.  The  committee  must  be  assisted  by  many 
other  librarians  and  by  specialists.     The  names 
of   those  who  have  rendered   such  assistance 
this  year  will  be  found  on  page  2  of  the  Sup- 
plement, which  you  hold  in  your  hand.     It  is 
much  to  have  secured  the  co-operation  of  such 
men  as  Prof.  J.  W.  Jenks  of  Cornell,  Prof.  C. 


THIRD   SESSION. 


103 


M.  Andrews  of  Bryn  Mawr,  Prof.  H.  B. 
Adams  of  Johns  Hopkins.  The  present  con- 
ception of  the  library  as  a  part  of  the  educa- 
tional system  of  the  state  makes  the  work  of 
this  committee  of  such  importance  as  to  give  us 
a  right  to  ask  and  expect  help  from  the  best 
educators. 

This  plan  of  gaining  assistance  from  other  li- 
brarians involves  the  development,  on  the  part 
of  many  librarians,  of  an  expert  judgment  in 
some  one  subject.  The  students  of  the  New 
York  State  Library  School  are  encouraged  to  be 
ambitious  and  to  hope  that  several  years'  hard 
work  along  some  line  of  study  which  they  have 
pursued  in  college,  and  for  which  they  have  a 
natural  fitness,  may  earn  for  them  places  as  ex- 
pert advisers  of  the  A.  L.  A.  selection  commit- 
tee. 

4.  Individuals    must   acknowledge   responsi- 
bility for  their  votes.     To  illustrate  :  The  sub- 
jects of  history  and  travel  were  assigned  this 
year  to  Mr.   Lamed  and  Mr.  Thwaites,  of  the 
committee.     Prof.  Andrews,  Prof.  Adams,  and 
Prof.  Hosmer  were  associated  with  them.     In 
their  independent  vote,  suppose  these  judges 
agree  on  seven-eighths  of  the  books.     Suppose 
that,  after  correspondence  and  full  consultation, 
they  agree  on  one-half  of  the   remainder,  but 
that  on  the  remaining  one-sixteenth,  say  eight 
books,  there  is  still  a  decided  disagreement.    If, 
for  example,  Mr.  Larned  stands  alone  in  disap- 
proval of  a  single  book,  his  initials  should  ap- 
pear  after   the   title   to  signify  this   fact.      It 
should  be  understood  that  every  book  on  the 
history  list  has  the  full  approval  of  the  five  his- 
tory experts,  except  as  initials  after  individual 
titles    indicate    individual   disapproval.      This 
plan  would  involve  more  thorough  work  than 
has  ever  yet  been  done  in  co-operative  selec- 
tion. 

5.  A   basis   of   selection   should   be   decided 
upon  and  carefully  stated.     This  should  be  the 
special  work  of  the  next  few  months,  and  it 
should  form  an  introduction  to  the  coming  five- 
year  Supplement.     There  should  be  a  statement 
of  the  general  principles  of  selection,  and  also 
a  statement  of  those  that  underlie  the  selection 
in  particular  subjects.     The  principles  of  selec- 
tion of  children's  books  would  inevitably,  be- 
cause of  the  nature  of  the  books  and  the  read- 
ers, differ  materially  from  the  principles  gov- 
erning in  sociology  or  philosophy.     The  appli- 
cation of  principles  that  have  been  fully  stated 


will  result  in  clearer  thinking  and  a  more  careful 
scrutiny  of  books.  The  committee  will  be  able 
to  justify  their  choice  in  special  cases,  and  to 
forestall  criticism  on  the  part  of  authors,  pub- 
lishers, or  classes  of  readers. 
To  state  again  these  five  points  : 

1.  The  responsibility  of  the  committee  must 
be  enlarged. 

2.  The  committee  must  specialize. 

3.  The  committee  must  be  assisted  by  other 
librarians  and  specialists. 

4.  Individuals   must   acknowledge   responsi- 
bility for  their  votes. 

5.  A  basis  of  selection  must  be  decided  upon 
and  carefully  stated. 

We  submit  to  the  Association  these  judg- 
ments as  to  the  best  means  of  increasing  the 
efficiency  of  this  work.  We  believe  that  co- 
operative selection  by  the  A.  L.  A.  will  become 
a  more  and  more  important  feature  of  its  work, 
that  it  will  win  the  respect  and  help  of  educa- 
tors and  specialists,  and  that  it  will  in  the 
future  not  only  eliminate  worthless  literature 
from  our  public  libraries  and  substitute  the 
best,  but  that  it  will  act  powerfully  toward  the 
suppression  of  what  is  crude  and  mean  and 
vicious  in  book  production. 

Respectfully  submitted, 
MARY  S.  CUTLER,  Chairman,  1 

J.  N.  LARNED,  \Committee. 

FREDERICK  M.  CRUNDEN, 
GARDNER  M.  JONES, 

Voted.  —  That  the  report  of  the  committee  be 
received  and  recorded. 

The  discussion  of  the  various  classes  of  lit- 
erature was  opened  by  the  presentation  of 

FINE  ARTS. 

Miss  HANNAH  P.  JAMES.  —  Walter  Crane's 
"Decorative  illustration  of  books  "is  one  of 
the  first  books  on  the  list.  Crane's  name  is 
sufficient  to  guarantee  that  it  is  a  good  book, 
and  he  has  treated  the  subject  very  well.  The 
first  part  is  historical,  the  rest  descriptive  and 
critical  ;  there  are  many  illustrations. 

Fletcher  and  Banister's  "History  of  archi- 
tecture" is  a  most  excellent  book  for  students  ; 
it  is  comparative,  taking  each  country  and 
giving  a  review  of  the  geography,  religion  and 
state  of  society,  and  then  giving  the  history  of 
the  architecture  of  the  successive  periods.  In 
describing  the  Gothic  buttresses,  for  instance, 
three  illustrations  are  shown  of  the  different 


104 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


modes  of  its  use  in  different  buildings,  and  de- 
tails are  given  with  full  illustrations. 

Holden's  "Audiences"  is  a  suggestive  and 
stimulating  book,  challenging  thought  and 
suggesting  to  immature  or  prejudiced  minds 
the  wisdom  of  looking  and  listening  intelli- 
gently and  fairly. 

Hoppin's  "Greek  art  on  Greek  soil"  is  a 
book  of  exceptional  interest  and  value,  treat- 
ing of  the  present  condition  of  Greece,  with  a 
full  knowledge  of  its  past,  its  history,  art, 
games,  social  life  and  literature. 

Mathews'  "  Story  of  architecture"  is  an  ex- 
cellent work  for  the  beginner,  as  it  gives  a 
bird's-eye  view  of  the  whole  subject,  including 
China,  India  and  Japan,  Western  Asia,  Egypt, 
Europe,  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America, 
and  finally  the  United  States  ;  it  is  fully  illus- 
trated and  a  well  written  and  reliable  book. 

Muther's  "  History  of  modern  painting,"  in 
three  large  volumes,  covers  a  great  deal  of 
ground,  and  is  trustworthy  and  accurate.  The 
first  part  is  philosophical  and  historical,  tracing 
sources  and  influences,  and  laying  the  founda- 
tion for  the  specific  and  practical  treatment 
given  in  the  later  volumes. 

Santayana's  "  Sense  of  beauty"  is  a  course 
of  lectures  delivered  at  Harvard.  They  are 
marked  by  a  rare  insight  and  aesthetic'  feeling, 
and  are  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  literature 
of  aesthetics,  being  one  of  the  best  books  on  the 
subject  this  year. 

Russell  Sturgis's  "^European  architecture  "  is 
a  valuable  book,  going  into  details  and  treating 
the  science  of  architecture.  It  is  fully  illus- 
trated, and  is  readable  as  well  as  carefully  sci- 
entific. 

Tarbell's  "  History  of  Greek  art, "^one  of  the 
Chautauqua  series,  is  considered  an  excellent 
text-book  on  architecture,  sculpture  and  paint- 
ing, and  an  admirable  work  for  beginners  ;  it 
has  nearly  200  illustrations. 

There  are  two  other  titles  that  I  wish  to 
suggest  for  the  list.  It  is  only  within  a  year  or 
two  that  I  happened  to  discover  the  "Art  an- 
nuals," published  by  the  Art  Journal,  one  at 
Easter  and  one  at  Christmas.  They  are  mono- 
graphs on  celebrated  painters,  similar  in  shape 
and  size  to  the  Art  Journal,  and  they  cost  50 
cents  apiece.  Some  of  the  artists  treated  are  Mil- 
lais,  Alma-Tadema,  Leighton,  Breton,  Watts, 
Fildes,  Herkimer,  Hunt,  Burne-Jones,  Rossetti, 
and  a  dozen  more.  There  must  be  at  least  50 


or  75  illustrations,  and  the  monographs  are  very 
interesting  and  valuable. 

Then  there~is  Henry  Holiday's  "Stained 
glass  as  an  art,"  published  by  Macmillan  at 
$6.50.  This  is  one  of  the  best  books  on  the 
subject,  treating  of  the  art  practically  and 
aesthetically,  covering  design,  style,  the  influ- 
ence of  form  and  space,  and  illustrated  by  64 
plates  and  cuts.  It  is  written  by  a  practical 
worker  who  is  thoroughly  posted. 

GARDNER  M.  JONES.  —  I  have  marked  four 
books  that  I  think  ought  not  to  go  into  this  list. 
The  first  is  Du  Maurier's  "English  society"; 
the  second  Gibson's  "Pictures  of  people." 
These  are  mere  picture-books,  and  I  do  not  be- 
lieve in  putting  mere  picture-books  on  this  list. 
Leighton's  "  Addresses  delivered  to  the  stu- 
dents of  the  Royal  Academy  "  seems  to  me  very 
limited  in  its  interest,  excepting  to  those  inter- 
ested in  Leighton.  Thompson's  "Hand-in-hand 
figure  skating  "  is  rather  an  English  book,  and 
more  exhaustive  than  is  needed  on  so  small  a 
subject. 

I  have  quite  a  list  of  books  that  I  think  ought 
to  go  into  this  list,  and  that  for  some  unaccounta- 
ble reasons  have  dropped  out.  I  will  name  a  few 
of  them.  There  is  a  very  handsome  book  by 
Rose,  "  Lawns  and  gardens,"  one  of  the  hand- 
somest books  on  landscape-gardening  lately 
published.  The  next  one  is  "  Sculptured  tombs 
of  Hellas,"  by  Gardiner,  an  eminent  author  and 
one  of  the  assistants  in  the  British  Museum,  I 
believe.  The  next  is  Meyer's  ' '  Handbook  of  art- 
smithing, "a  German  work,  dealing  with  all  kinds 
of  ornamental  metal-work,  published  by  Hess- 
ling.  The  next  is  a  very  good  little  manual  on 
"China-painting,"  by  Mrs.  N.  di  R.Monachesi. 
Holiday's  "Stained  glass"  has  already  been 
spoken  of;  Jackson's  "Mechanical  drawing" 
seems  to  be  a  practical  little  book  ;  it  contains 
a  great  many  plates,  and  is  inexpensive.  In 
Amusements,  Boardman's  "Winning  whist" 
seems  to  be  a  book  that  should  be  on  the  list, 
because  it  combines  the  old-fashioned  long-suit 
play  with  the  new  short-suit  play  which  is 
coming  into  use.  I  cannot  understand  why  a 
book  on  foot-ball,  by  the  two  great  experts, 
has  not  been  put  on  the  list,  namely  Camp  and 
Deland's  "Foot-ball";  so  also  McPherson's 
"Hare  and  red  deer,"  and  Sharp's  "Bicycles 
and  tricycles,"  which  I  believe  is  the  only  book 
treating  of  the  design  and  construction  of  bi- 
cycles, should  be  included. 


THIRD   SESSION. 


I05 


J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  It  seems  to  me  quite  worth 
while  to  mention  the  remarkable  munificence  of 
an  East  Indian  potentate  by  which  many  Ameri- 
can libraries  have  profited  during  the  last  year. 
It  became  known  throughout  America  that  the 
Maharajah  of  Jeypore  was  prepared  to  present 
portfolios  of  architectural  details  to  libraries  all 
through  the  civilized  world.  Applications,  I 
think,  were  quite  numerously  made  from  Ameri- 
ca. My  own  library  made  application,  and  a 
few  months  ago  these  portfolios  came.  Each 
one  contains  some  hundreds  of  plates  of  archi- 
tectural details,  bringing  out  the  most  beautiful 
features  of  East  Indian  architecture,  prepared 
by  native  pupils  in  Hindostan.  We  felt  that  it 
was  the  most  considerable  gift  that  we  received 
during  the  last  year.  I  think  other  libraries 
have  profited  in  the  same  way. 

Mr.    T:    L.    MONTGOMERY    then    introduced 

books  in 

SCIENCE. 

T:  L.  MONTGOMERY.  —  I  call  your  attention  in 
the  first  place  to  a  mistake  in  the  report  of  the 
Cleveland  conference.  On  page  136  of  the  re- 
port it  is  stated  that  the  "  Text-book  of  geolo- 
gy," by  Geikie,  was  put  in  thev"A.  L.  A. 
catalog."  I  had  not  mentioned  the  "  Text- 
book,"but  the  "Class-book  of  geology,"  which  is 
an  adaptation,  of  course,  from  the  "Text-book," 
but  rather  shorter,  and  is,  I  think,  a  very  much 
more  profitable  book  for  a  small  library.  The 
report  is  also  in  error  as  to  Koehner's  "  Sys- 
tematic botany";  that  should  be  Kerner  von 
Marilaun's  "  Natural  history  of  plants." 

With  regard  to  the  books  on  the  present  list: 
Abbott's  "  Birdland  echoes  ".is  not  a  scientific 
book,  but  is  much  more  orderly  in  its  arrange- 
ment than  is  usually  the  case  with  this  author. 
The  illustrations,  however,  give  rather  the 
idea  of  stuffed  birds  than  of  the  natural  species. 

Bonney's  "Ice  work,  past  and  present"  is 
suitable  for  advanced  students,  but  covers  only 
ice  work  in  Great  Britain,  only  10  pages  being 
given  to  America.  It  is  well  written  but  poorly 
illustrated. 

Dana's  "Plants  and  their  children"  is  a 
very  excellent  book  for  children  and  young  per- 
sons; interesting  and  accurate. 

Furneaux's  "  Life  in  ponds  and  streams  "  is  a 
most  excellent  book,  admirably  illustrated. 

Mathews'  "Familiar  trees  and  their  leaves  " 
is  a  most  useful  book.  It  has  very  good  illus- 
trations, drawn  from  nature  by  the  author,  and 


the  text  reveals  the  aesthetic  as  well  as  the  sci- 
entific side  of  the  subject. 

Thompson's  ' '  Roentgen  rays  "  is  the  best  book 
on  that  subject  issued  during  the  year. 

Witchell's  "  Evolution  of  bird-song  "  treats  of 
a  subject  not  hitherto  handled  systematically, 
by  an  author  who  has  been  15  years  collecting 
his  data;  the  plates  are  poor. 

Of  other  books  mentioned,  Bates's  "  Game 
birds  of  North  America"  is  useful  only  as  a 
check  list;  Howe's  "  Every  bird  "  is  useful  for 
the  beginner;  it  gives  outline  drawings  of  the 
head  and  foot  of  each  genus  and  a  general  de- 
scription of  the  plumage. 

Merriam's  "A-birding  on  a  bronco,"  being 
notes  on  birds  taken  in  Southern  California,  is 
well  written,  but  not  of  much  use  scientifically. 

Lubbock's  "  Scenery  of  Switzerland  and 
causes  to  which  it  is  due  "  is  a  well  illustrated 
book  by  a  scientifically  disposed  man.  It  is  a 
geological  treatise  on  the  region,  and  has  a 
very  good  map. 

Geikie's  "  Ancient  volcanoes  of  Great  Bri- 
tain "  appears  to  be  about  the  best  book  on  the 
subject.  It  is  a  splendid  work,  most  gratifying 
as  to  printing,  illustrations  and  maps,  giving 
an  historical  account  of  the  scientific  treatment 
of  the  subject  of  volcanoes,  and  has  a  most  use- 
ful preface. 

I  should  judge  that  of  this  list  it  would  not  be 
worth  while  to  put  upon  the  permanent  list  any- 
thing more  than  Bonney's  "  Ice  work,"  Britton's 
"Illustrated  flora,"  Abbott's  "Birdland  ech- 
oes," Dana's  "  Plants  and  their  children,"  Fur- 
neaux's "Life  in  ponds  and  streams,"  Geikie's 
"Ancient  volcanoes  of  Great  Britain,"  Mathews' 
"  Familiar  trees  and  their  leaves,"  Thompson's 
"  Roentgen  rays,"  and  Witchell's  "  Evolution  of 
bird-song."  I  should  like  to  call  to  your  atten- 
tion, as  an  addition  to  this  list,  W.  B.  Scott's 
"  Introduction  to  geology,"  published  by  Mac- 
millan.  It  is  based  on  Geikie,  but  is  a  much 
more  useful  book  for  American  students,  on  ac- 
count of  the  very  excellent  American  illustra- 
tions and  the  care  with  which  it  has  been  pre- 
pared for  a  manual  or  a  text-book. 

Miss  M.  S.  CUTLER.  —  I  would  like  to  ask  Mr. 
Montgomery  if  he  is  criticising  this  list  with  the 
idea  that  it  is  made  on  the  basis  of  the  original 
"A.  L.  A.  catalog"? 

T:  L.  MONTGOMERY.  —  Undoubtedly. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  I  think  that  is  not  the  basis 
for  criticism.  The  idea  that  has  controlled  the 


io6 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


committee  in  making  up  the  supplemental  list 
last  year  and  this  year  was  a  different  one.  It 
was  explained  at  the  meeting  last  year,  but 
probably  needs  explanation  here.  It  is  not  the 
intention  to  simply  make  the  selection  of  books 
for  a  small  library,  but  to  make,  if  possible,  a 
check-list  of  books  for  all  libraries  —  a  list  from 
which  the  books  that  librarians  need  pay  no 
attention  to  could  be  excluded;  and  it  seems  to 
me  on  that  basis  several  of  the  books  you  have 
ruled  out  would  possibly  belong  in  the  list. 

T:  L.  MONTGOMERY.  —  That  might  be  so,  in 
that  case;  but  I  should  think  it  would  be  very 
much  easier,  from  a  general  point  of  view,  to 
hold  to  the  plan  of  the  original  A.  L.  A.  list, 
which  was  so  good.  I  think  we  make  a  mistake 
in  not  drawing  the  line  very  close  and  keeping 
out  books  that  do  not  properly  belong  in  the 
list. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  That  was  a  very  different 
matter;  there  we  were  selecting  from  books  of 
all  time,  here  we  are  selecting  from  current 
publications,  and  it  seems  to  me  that  the  basis 
should  be  broader  in  this  case. 

T:  L.  MONTGOMERY.  —  I  would  take  issue  on 
that.  If  you  go  back  and  pick  out  certain 
books  from  the  books  of  all  time,  we  want, 
from  the  books  that  are  now  published,  only 
those  that  will  compare  with  the  books  of  all 
time. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  There  are  very  many  rea- 
sons for  buying  books  of  the  day  that  would 
not  apply  when  they  cease  to  be  books  of  the 
day;  and  every  library  is  buying  books  pub- 
lished this  year  on  a  given  subject  that  it  would 
not  buy  10  years  hence. 

T:  L.  MONTGOMERY.  —  But,  in  adding  to  this 
list,  we  have  to  compare  each  book  that  we 
add  to  it  with  the  literature  that  is  past,  and 
there  may  be  a  great  many  that  were  omitted 
from  the  original  selection  that  were  a  great 
deal  better  than  any  on  this  list.  Therefore,  I 
think,  if  the  line  is  not  drawn  very  close  you 
are  going  to  make  a  mistake  in  regard  to 
additions  to  the  list. 

J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  There  is  a  book  by  Edward 
Clodd,  "  Pioneers  of  evolution  from  Thales  to 
Huxley,"  which  I  think  is  well  worth  buying. 
The  fact  that  scientific  information  is  put  in  the 
form  of  biographies  makes  it  exceedingly  in- 
teresting reading. 

We  will  now  take  up  the  next  topic,  History, 
and  Mr.  J.  N.  Lamed  will  open  the  discussion. 


HISTORY,    BIOGRAPHY,   TRAVEL. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  I  understand  that  History, 
as  we  consider  it  in  this  matter,  is  taken  in  the 
broad  meaning  that  would  include  Biography 
and  Travel  also.  This  makes  a  large  list  to  be 
considered,  and  it  will  have  to  be  gone  through 
very  rapidly.  I  am  glad  that  the  subject 
does  include  Biography  and  Travel,  because 
otherwise  it  would  certainly  be  a  very  slender 
list  for  the  year.  There  has  not  been,  I  think, 
the  usual  extent  of  important  production  of  his- 
torical writing  during  the  last  year.  There 
have  not  been  very  many  notable  books;  and 
if  we  should  exclude  those  on  biography  and 
travel  we  should  have  but  a  brief  list. 

The  first  book  under  History  on  our  list  is 
Lecky's  "  Political  value  of  history,"  a  lecture 
given  at  Birmingham,  which  is  distinctly  of 
great  value.  It  presents  very  clearly  and  ac- 
curately some  important  ideas  with  regard  to 
the  influence  which  the  study  of  history  should 
have  upon  our  views  and  our  opinions;  it  com- 
bats, on  the  one  hand,  the  Carlylean  hero-wor- 
ship, which  would  make  everything  of  personal 
influence  in  history,  and,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  Buckle  theories,  which  would  reduce  per- 
sonal influence  to  nothing,  and  make  all  his- 
torical movements  a  matter  of  mechanics  and 
mathematics.  This  book  is  a  valuable  and 
important  correction  of  those  extremely  wrong 
theories  in  two  directions. 

Mahaffy's  "Survey  of  Greek  civilization"  is 
a  compend  of  his  larger  works  on  those  subjects, 
and  a  very  useful  one. 

Maspero's  "  Struggle  of  the  nations,"  pre- 
sumably the  second  volume  of  his  "  Ancient 
history,"  may  be  considered  the  best  summary 
now  to  be  had  of  the  results  of  later  research 
and  study  in  the  history  of  ancient  times  and 
ancient  nations. 

Adams'  "  Growth  of  the  French  nation,"  in 
the  "  Chautauqua  Reading  circle  series,"  is  an 
admirable  little  book. 

C.  M.  Andrews'  "Historical  development  of 
modern  Europe  "  is  a  valuable  book  for  the  rea- 
son that  it  goes  over  the  ground  which  Fyffe 
traversed  in  a  different  way,  and  a  way  which  is 
both  interesting  and  instructive,  dealing  with  the 
history  of  Europe  as  a  whole,  and  gathering  up 
into  one  large  view  the  events  which  influenced 
Europe  at  large  during  the  important  first  half 
of  the  present  century,  instead  of  following 


THIRD   SESSION. 


107 


them  chronologically  in  the  history  of  each 
distinct  nation. 

E.  B.  Andrews'  "  History  of  the  last  quarter 
century  in  the  United  States  "  is  distinctly  a  bet- 
ter work,  I  should  say,  than  his  two-volume  his- 
tory of  the  United  States,  although  this  also 
rather  partakes  of  the  character  of  journalism 
than  of  permanent  history. 

Arber's  "Story  of  the  Pilgrim  fathers"  is  a 
very  interesting  book,  in  the  nature  of  a  cal- 
endar of  all  the  documentary  material  of  the 
history  of  the  Pilgrim  fathers  in  England,  the 
Netherlands,  and  in  New  England,  presenting, 
quite  fully,  documents  and  other  interesting 
matter  ;  it  is  the  most  important  book  of  recent 
times,  I  should  say,  connected  with  that  early 
New  England  history. 

Burgess'  "  Middle  period,  1817-1858,"  in  the 
"American  history  series,"  is  a  difficult  book 
to  read,  because  the  style  is  bad  ;  but  the 
matter  of  the  history  is,  generally  speaking, 
very  good.  It  is  open,  perhaps,  to  the  criticism 
that  there  is  a  little  leaning  backward  in  the 
attempt  to  be  impartial  as  between  North  and 
South,  as  between  slavery  and  anj;i-slavery,  al- 
most to  the  prejudice  of  the  anti-slavery  view, 
sometimes  ;  but  it  is  an  honest  attempt  to  deal 
fairly  with  those  great  questions;  and  I  believe, 
on  the  whole,  it  deals  with  them  more  fairly, 
more  thoughtfully,  more  fully  and  instructively 
than  any  other  work  I  know  of. 

Eggleston's  "Beginners  of  a  nation  "  is  the 
first  volume  of  a  general  history,  or  what  prom- 
ises to  be  a  general  history,  of  the  United 
States,  which  will  be  of  very  considerable  value 
if  it  is  completed,  although  I  do  not  think  that 
it  quite  comes  up  to  the  proclamation  made  of 
it  on  its  appearance.  The  chapter  dealing  with 
Roger  Williams  and  the  early  history  of  Rhode 
Island  seems  to  me  to  be  the  best  treatment  of 
that  subject  that  I  know  of. 

Under  Biography  come  a  number  of  works 
that  seem  to  belong  distinctly  to  History,  not 
in  the  general  way  in  which  all  biography  be- 
longs to  history,  but  in  the  particular  way  in 
which  I  would  assign  very  many  so-called 
biographies  to  the  historical  class,  because  they 
present  the  lives  of  men  which  have  really  no 
personal  interest,  but  which  are  mixed  up  with 
public  events  and  are  inseparable  from  them. 
I  place  many  such  works  under  the  title  of  his- 
tory in  my  own  library  classification,  and  I 
should  not  consider  it  rational  {o  make  a  mere 


matter  of  title  control  the  classification.  For 
example,  it  is  not  rational  to  make  a  difference 
between  the  life  of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  a  his- 
tory of  England  during  the  life  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth ;  I  think  that  the  life  of  a  sovereign  or  the 
life  of  a  ruler  should  be  placed  with  history, 
and  I  would  place  many  others  there. 

Hogarth's  "  Philip  and  Alexander  of  Mace- 
don  "  I  regard  as  an  excellent  work,  because  it 
brings  out  with  great  distinctness  the  superior 
greatness  of  Philip  over  Alexander. 

Mandell  Creighton's  "Queen  Elizabeth"  is  a 
somewhat  sumptuous  and  costly  work,  but  one 
of  very  distinct  value. 

The  two  biographies  in  the  "  Foreign  states- 
men series,"  by  J.  F.  Bright,  "Joseph  n."  and 
"  Maria  Theresa,"  are  both  of  them  excellent. 

Sloane's  "Life  of  Napoleon,"  and  Mahan's 
"  Life  of  Lord  Nelson,"  I  should  rank  as  almost 
the  two  most  important  historical  books  of  the 
year,  and  they  certainly  belong  to  history 
rather  than  biography. 

In  Travel  some  of  the  books  listed  belong 
more  distinctly  to  history';  for  example,  Dickin- 
son's "Greek  view  of  life,"  Tsountas'  "The 
Mycenaean  age,"  and  Roberts'  "  Forty-one  years 
in  India, "which  is  one  of  the  important  histori- 
cal works  of  the  year  on  India. 

CYRUS  ADLER. — There  is  one  book  in  the 
history  of  Asia  and  Africa  which  has  not  been 
mentioned  and  that  I  wish  particularly  to  call 
attention  to  —  "  The  fall  of  the  Congo  Arabs," 
by  S.  L.  Hinde.  It  is  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing of  recent  books  about  Africa,  and  combines 
thorough  scientific  knowledge  with  great  nar- 
rative interest: 

Miss  HELEN  E.  HAINES.  —  I  am  glad  Dr- 
Adler  has  called  attention  to  "  The  fall  of 
the  Congo  Arabs,"  and  in  the  same  class  — 
history  of  Asia  and  Africa  —  I  should  like  to 
mention  Captain  Baden-Powell's  "  Downfall  of 
Prempeh."  It  is  the  story  of  the  English  ex- 
pedition of  1896  against  the  Ashantis,  in  which 
Prince  Henry  of  Battenberg  died,  and  it  is  very 
interesting  because  of  the  vividness  of  its  pict- 
ures of  savage  Africa,  and  as  a  contribution  to 
very  recent  history, 

J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  There  are  three  works  I 
think  it  well  to  mention  on  this  occasion.  The 
great  work  of  Mr.  Thwaites,  the  translation  of 
the  "  Jesuit  relations,"  is  going  to  be  a  work  of 
the  very  first  historical  importance,  recognized, 
I  think,  as  such  all  over  the  civilized  world. 


io8 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


The  next  is  Professor  Moses  Coit  Tyler's  "  Lit- 
erary history  of  the  American  Revolution,"  a 
continuation  of  his  great  "  History  of  American 
literature  "  and  "  History  of  the  American  Rev- 
olution." The  facsimile  edition  of  the  Brad- 
ford history,  published  by  Houghton,  Mifflin 
&  Co.,  should  also  be  recommended.  It  is  an 
expensive  work,  costing  $25,  but  it  gives  in  sat- 
isfactory shape  one  of  the  most  precious  docu- 
ments of  American  history.  Generally  speaking, 
it  seems  to  me  a  little  questionable  to  make  fac- 
similes. I  doubt  the  expediency  of  such  a  work 
as  that  undertaken  by  Mr.  B.  F.  Stevens,  who 
is  producing  in  facsimile  a  vast  amount  of  dip- 
lomatic correspondence  by  not  very  distin- 
guished statesmen;  but  in  the  case  of  a  work 
like  the  Bradford  manuscript  a  facsimile  is 
well  worth  while. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  I  fully  intended  to  speak  of 
the  "  Jesuit  relations,"  edited  by  Mr.  Thwaites, 
but  overlooked  it.  It  is  one  of  the  works  I 
should  certainly  wish  to  bring  forward  among 
the  important  publications  of  the  year.  I  think 
we  would  all  agree  that  nothing  more  important 
has  been  undertaken  in  a  historical  way  than 
the  translation  and  publication  of  this  great  se- 
ries of  relations,  which  includes  not  only  the 
original  Jesuit  relations,  but  many  collateral 
documents  bearing  on  the  same  early  American 
history  and  early  life  among  the  Indians.  It  is 
a  work  of  astonishing  Tabor,  and  certainly  a 
work  that  the  A.  L.  A.  can  be  very  proud  of  as 
having  been  undertaken  and  carried  through  by 
one  of  its  members. 

Miss  LINDA  A.  EASTMAN  read  a  paper  by  Miss 
C.  M.  HEWINS  on 

CHILDREN'S  BOOKS. 

Before  giving  an  opinion  on  individual  books 
it  is  well  to  keep  in  mind  that  the  children  who 
take  books  from  public  libraries  are  of  all  grades 
of  intelligence,  a  few  from  homes  full  of  books 
where  fathers  and  mothers  read  the  best  from 
English  literature,  and  many  from  houses 
where  there  are  no  books  and  the  father  cannot 
read  enough  to  vote.  The  first  have  a  large 
vocabulary  and  are  familiar  with  historical  al- 
lusions and  the  names  of  poets  and  artists  be- 
fore they  go  to  school.  The  second  have  a 
meagre  choice  of  words,  but  pick  up  with  sur- 
prising quickness  crumbs  of  information  about 
historical  characters  or  the  poets  whose  verses 
they  read  in  class.  Between  these  two  extremes 


is  a  large  number  of  boys  and  girls  whose  fa- 
thers and  mothers  read  newspapers  and  poor  nov- 
els. What  books  should  a  library  buy  to  meet 
the  wants  of  these  three  classes  of  children  ? 

First,  books  should  be  written  in  good  English 
which  they  all  could  understand.  A  recent  re- 
viewer defines  a  good  style  for  children  as  that 
which  Andrew  Lang  has  adopted  in  his  fairy- 
books,  a  little  old-fashioned  and  abounding  in 
such  expressions  as  "Vastly  well,  madam  !" 
The  abridgments  of  his  fairy-books  are  models 
for  the  children  to  whom  English  is  an  unfamiliar 
tongue,  and  who  find  Hawthorne's  "  Wonder- 
book  "  and  "  Tangle  wood  tales"  full  of  long 
words  and  involved  sentences.  It  is,  however, 
a  fatal  mistake  to  simplify  Hawthorne,  as  the 
writer  of  a  little  book  called  "  In  Mythland  " 
has  done,  into  such  chopped  sentences  as  — 

"This  made  Pandora  cross. 

"  She  would  not  play. 

"  The  dear  boy  felt  sad. 

"  He  went  out  to  play  alone." 

"  Pandora  looked  at  the  box. 

"  How  pretty,  is  it  not? 

"Flowers   and   men    were    carved    upon   it, 

leaves,  too,  and  children." 

If  a  book  is  in  an  easy  flowing  style  the  child- 
reader  becomes  interested  in  it  and  goes  on  just 
as  you  and  I  read  a  French  story,  occasionally 
meeting  an  unfamiliar  word,  but  guessing  it  by 
the  context. 

Second,  children's  books  should  be  imagina- 
tive in  the  best  sense,  or  give  information  "  to 
be  understanded  of  the  people."  Children  like 
history  in  story-form,  but  once  in  a  while  there 
is  a  boy  or  girl  who  prefers  it  undiluted.  One 
class  in  history  that  I  know,  of  children  from 
12  to  15  years  old,  reads  and  enjoys  Parkman's 
histories. 

Third,  books  should  appeal  to  the  best  in- 
stincts of  children.  There  are  two  which  al- 
ways touch  the  chord  that  vibrates  to  tales  of 
suffering  bravely  endured.  These  two  are 
"Uncle  Tom's  cabin"  and  "Black  Beauty." 
Stories  of  children  who  are  cruelly  treated 
should  not,  I  think,  be  placed  in  children's  li- 
braries, and  with  the  exception  of  these  two 
books  there  should  be  little  on  the  shelves  to 
excite  their  tears. 

Stories  of  happy,  sunny  childhood  in  shel- 
tered homes,  of  simple  country  pleasures,  or 
home  life  in  cities  where  the  father  and  mother 
rule  the  household  gently  but  firmly  and  the 


TflIRD   SESSION. 


109 


children  do  not  decide  important  questions  for 
themselves,  are  still  to  be  found.  So  are  whole- 
some tales  of  school  life,  stories  of  animals, 
lives  of  great  men,  books  teaching  handicrafts 
or  resources  for  vacation  and  rainy  days,  and 
selections  of  poetry. 

On  reading  several  hundred  letters  from  chil- 
dren about  their  favorite  books,  I  find  that  none 
of  them  care  for  books  about  music  or  art,  and 
few  for  out-of-door  writers,  books  of  games  and 
sports,  or  poetry,  unless  they  use  it  as  supple- 
mentary reading  in  school.  Most  of  them  like 
fairy-tales,  if  they  speak  of  them  at  all.  One 
thinks  "Gulliver's  travels"  silly,  but  another 
writes:  "  A  year  or  two  ago  I  found  in  reading 
fairy  stories  that  what  seemed  to  me  to  be 
rather  silly  corresponded  to  what  was  real  facts 
and  might  have  happened." 

J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  The  next  topic  is  the  Fic- 
tion of  the  year,  by  Miss  Haines. 

FICTION. 

Miss  HELEN  E.  HAINES.  —  In  arranging  for 
the  discussion  of  Fiction  this  year,  it  is  very 
doubtful  if  Miss  Cutler  has  considered  the  fact 
that  a  person  who  reads  a  great  many  more 
novels  for  mere  enjoyment  than  is  wise,  and 
who  confesses  a  long-established  affection  for 
their  kind,  is  at  all  the  proper  person  to  present 
the  subject  of  fiction  to  librarians.  A  disap- 
proving, or,  at  least,  a  deprecatory  attitude 
would  be  more  in  keeping  with  library  tra- 
ditions. And  yet  much  of  the  woe  occasioned 
by  a  high  percentage  of  fiction  circulation,  and 
much  of  the  perennial  lamentation  as  to  the 
evils  of  novel-reading  seem  unnecessary  when 
we  think  how  great  a  force  for  good,  good  novels 
are,  and  how  much  that  is  best  and  noblest  in 
literature  has  come  to  us  through  the  medium 
of  fiction. 

It  is,  of  course,  in  the  one  word  good  that 
the  whole  difficulty  lies.  Many  books  that 
from  a  literary  point  of  view  are  unreservedly 
good,  are  morally  questionable;  many  others 
quite  devoid  of  literary  quality  have  endeared 
themselves  to  a  multitude  of  readers,  whose 
lack  of  intellectual  perception  is  not  criminal, 
even  though  it  be  regrettable.  If  a  library  ex- 
clude too  rigidly  the  former,  it  is  not  representa- 
tive of  literature;  if  the  latter  be  absolutely 
banned,  it  is  limiting  its  privileges  to  the  intel- 
lectual few  and  discriminating  against  the  un- 
cultured many. 


But,  of  course,  in  any  selection  of  fiction  there 
must  be  the  question  how  far  to  go,  and 
where  to  draw  the  line  between  what  is  and 
what  is  not  admissible.  The  matter  centres  in 
the  questions  of  quantity  and  quality.  The 
former  limitation  needs  no  emphasis;  it  is  ever 
present  and  ever  insistent;  the  second  crystal- 
lizes into  the  question  of  morals.  A  library  must 
have  some  books  suited  for  readers  of  mature 
intelligence  but  undesirable  for  young  people. 
It  must  have  others  that  are  not  desirable  for 
general  circulation  at  all.  It  is  in  deciding 
just  how  far  to  go  that  the  difficulty  lies. 

Within  the  past  year  or  so  there  has  been  a 
slackening  in  the  tide  of  erotic  fiction;  but  at 
the  same  time  there  have  developed  two  dis- 
tinct classes  of  novels,  which  cannot  be  ignored 
in  the  literature  of  the  day  but  which  are  none 
the  less  harmful  in  their  influence. 

The  first  may  be  called,  from  the  books  that 
most  thoroughly  represent  it,  "keynote"  fic- 
tion. These  are  the  analyses  of  diseased  souls, 
the  studies  of  distorted  lives,  of  which  Flet- 
cher's "God's  failures"  and  Moore's  "Celi- 
bates "  are  examples. 

The  second  consists  of  the  ' '  slum  stories  "  that 
have  sprung  into  such  astonishing  vogue  within 
the  past  year  or  so  —  the  ' '  Maggies,"  ' '  Arties," 
and  other  children  of  the  Jago,  who  reveal  to 
us  the  vice,  misery,  and  wretchedness  that  ex- 
ist in  all  great  cities,  with  the  hard  clearness  of 
the  camera,  unsoftened  by  the  tints  of  art. 

But  we  say,  "These  things  are  true;  dis- 
eased souls  exist,  and  there  are  plague-spots  in 
great  cities."  That  is  so;  but  we  do  not  choose 
treatises  on  psychomania  for  family  reading,  nor 
do  we  send  our  sons  and  daughters  to  stale- 
beer  dives  or  opium  joints  that  they  may  learn 
what  life  is;  and  when  a  novelist  devotes  him- 
self solely  to  the  exploitation  of  what  is  mor- 
bid, vulgar,  ugly  and  repulsive,  it  becomes  the 
right  and  duty  of  those  who  are  to  have  charge 
of  those  novels  to  exercise  a  censorship  in 
their  selection. 

In  this  present  list  I  do  not  think  that  there 
are  any  books  that  come  definitely  within  either 
of  these  two  classes;  but  there  are  several  that 
have  been  suggested  for  discussion,  and  there 
are  a  few,  not  on  the  list,  that  it  has  been  sug- 
gested to  bring  before  this  meeting. 

This  list  includes  100  novels,  excluding  juve- 
nile books,  chosen  from  a  total  of  about  1000 
published  during  the  year.  Of  this  number,  I 


no 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


absolutely  refuse  to  say  how  many  I  have 
read. 

A  VOICE.  —  Oh,  do  tell  ! 

Miss  HAINES. — The  list  represents,  there- 
fore, but  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  novels  of  the 
year;  but  it  certainly  represents  the  best  of 
them.  We  say  —  and  truly  enough  —  that  there 
are  no  great  books  nowadays;  but  that  within 
one  twelvemonth  we  should  have  been  given 
such  novels  as  "  Quo  Vadis?"  "  Weir  of  Hermis- 
ton  "  —  though  it  is  only  a  fragment  —  "Sir 
George  Tressady,"  "Sentimental  Tommy," 
"  On  the  face  of  the  waters,"  and  "  Thechoirin- 
visible,"  should  make  us  "  remember  our 
marcies." 

In  the  fiction  of  the  present  year,  two  books 
stand  head  and  shoulders  over  all  others. 
There  have  been  before  this  some  good  novels 
on  the  stupendous  subject  of  the  Indian  mutiny 
—  perhaps  Sir  George  Chesney's  "Dilemma" 
is  the  best  —  but  no  one  has  ever  attempted 
to  show  the  native  side,  the  Indian  point  of 
view,  as  Mrs.  Steel  shows  it  in  "On  the 
face  of  the  waters."  To  all  intents  and  pur- 
poses she  has  here  taken  on  the  very  nature 
of  the  native,  and  she  shows  him,  Moham- 
medan or  Hindoo,  in  his  childishness,  his 
faithfulness  and  greater  guile,  his  race  prej- 
udice and  religious  fanaticism,  as  he  is,  not 
as  the  usual  Anglo-Indian  novel  pictures  him. 
The  book  is  impartial  —  too  impartial;  and 
wholly  true  to  historical  fact.  Mrs.  Steel's 
sympathies  with  the  natives,  however,  have  in- 
fluenced her  to  judge  too  harshly  and  a  little 
unfairly  the  English  course  before  and  during 
the  relief  of  Delhi,  though  her  narrative  his- 
torically is  absolutely  correct.  This  unfairness 
lies  simply  in  implication,  not  in  definite  state- 
ment of  fact.  The  dominant  note  of  the  whole 
book  is  "  Kismet";  fate,  not  Mrs.  Steel,  holds 
the  threads  of  the  lives  caught  up  in  the  fierce 
tangle  of  Delhi,  and  you  feel  that  she  could 
not,  if  she  would,  change  the  pattern  that  they 
weave.  In  one  library  it  has  been  asked 
whether  "  On  the  face  of  the  waters  "  was  de- 
sirable for  general  circulation.  I  do  not  see 
how  that  question  can  be  raised,  or  how  the 
book  can  hurt  any  one.  It  is  not  written  for 
children,  but  for  men  and  women.  It  is  about 
men  and  women  in  a  time  of  fierce  conflict  and 
unnatural  conditions  ;  but  I  do  not  see  how  it 
can  hurt  any  one,  or  how  its  stern  teaching  can 
be  misinterpreted. 


Nothing  could  be  more  different  from  "  On 
the  face  of  the  waters  "  than  "  The  choir  in- 
visible." Coming  to  it  prejudiced,  perhaps, 
from  its  precursor,  "Summer  in  Arcady,"  one 
is  at  first  held  spellbound  by  the  sheer  witchery 
of  its  descriptive  beauty,  its  pictures  of  nature 
and  of  scenery  ;  to  that  spell  there  is  added  the 
deeper  charm  of  its  spirituality;  and  it  is  be- 
cause it  combines  so  perfectly  these  two  charms 

—  the  spell  of  nature  and  the  spell  of  the  spirit 

—  that  it  is  so  wholly  beautiful.     In  its  picture 
of   the  Kentucky  of  a  century  ago,  it   recalls 
Irving's  "  Ralph  Ringwood  ";  but  it  is  a  gentler 
picture,  and  one  of  the  most  pleasant  things 
about  it  is  that  it  shows  not  only  the  rough  un- 
couthness  of  the  pioneer  days,  but  the  gentle- 
hood,  the   culture   and   the    talent    that   were 
represented  there,  and  that  we  are  too  apt  to 
overlook  or  to  ignore  in  our  ideas  of  the  pio- 
neers of  America. 

Taking  the  books  in  their  order  in  the  list, 
we  come  to  Bangs'  "  Mr.  Bonaparte  of  Cor- 
sica." That  is  almost  as  painful  as  his  "  Bicy- 
clers and  other  farces,"  and  it  shows  how  sad 
a  thing  it  is  when  a  writer  sets  out  to  be  "as 
funny  as  he  can."  His  "  Rebellious  heroine," 
who  really  was  an  attractive  and  whimsically 
amusing  young  person,  is  not  here;  but  she 
was  a  much  more  agreeable  acquaintance  than 
Mr.  Bonaparte. 

James  Barnes'  "  Princetonian  "  is  a  first-rate 
story  of  the  polishing  of  a  rough  diamond  who 
goes  to  Princeton  from  a  small  western  farming 
town;  it  is  more  wholesome  than  some  other  re- 
cent stories  of  college  life,  and  has  a  blunt 
straightforwardness  that  is  attractive. 

Both  of  Mrs.  Barr's  stories  are  excellent 
tales  of  North  Sea  fisherfolk.  "  Prisoners  of 
conscience  "  is  remarkable  in  its  unrelieved  pict- 
ures of  souls  bound  and  stifled  in  the  rigid 
folds  of  sternest  Calvinism. 

"  Sentimental  Tommy  "  needs  no  comment; 
in  its  varying  play  of  humor  and  pathos,  its 
absolutely  "human"  element,  it  has  found  a 
place  in  the  hearts  of  most  of  us. 

Bourdillon's  "  Nephele  "  I  thought  one  of  the 
most  charming  books  of  last  year.  It  has  not 
had  very  much  recognition.  Its  author  wrote 
the  song  "  The  night  has  a  thousand  eyes,  the 
day  but  one,"  and  the  book  is  really  more  a 
prose  poem  than  a  novel.  It  is  a  story  of  spiritual 
affinities,  recalling  Du  Maurier's  "Peter  Ibbet- 
son  "  and  Kipling's  "  Brush-wood  boy."  It  is 


THIRD   SESSION. 


in 


permeated  by  an  intense  love  of  music,  and  has 
a  grace  of  expression  and  delicacy  of  sentiment 
that  are  wholly  delightful. 

Alice  Brown's  "The  day  of  his  youth" 
might  be  called  a  tragic  pastoral.  It  is  told  in 
the  form  of  letters,  which  is  always  a  danger- 
ous experiment.  It  is  pleasantly  written,  but 
fails  in  attempting  too  much. 

Bunner  is  always  delightful,  and  the  stories 
gathered  under  the  title  "  Love  in  old  cloathes  " 
show  him  at  his  best. 

Mrs.  Burnham's  "Miss  Archer  Archer"  Is 
something  like  ice-cream  soda.  I  am  not 
ashamed  to  say  I  liked  it.  It  is  not  in  the  least 
"strong,"  neither  is  it  a  "study."  There  are 
two  young  men  and  two  young  women  ;  every 
one  misunderstands  the  sentiments  of  every 
one  else,  and  they  are  all  comfortably  miserable 
—  but  not  too  miserable  —  together;  then  all 
things  are  smoothed  out  in  a  most  delightful 
fashion,  and,  as  Kipling  says  of  the  beloved 
"  three-decker,"  "  everyone  is  married,  and  we 
go  ashore  at  last." 

"Miss  Archer  Archer"  is  sentimental  in  a 
vivacious  and  attractive  manner  ;  but  the  senti- 
mentality of  Crockett's  "Lad's  love"  is  sim- 
ply overwhelming.  It  has  been  said  that  one 
of  the  most  extraordinary  things  about  the  pro- 
ductions of  Mr.  Crockett  and  his  school  is  the 
overwhelming  emotion  that  is  awakened  in 
strong  men  and  women  at  the  sight  of  an  or- 
dinary every-day  infant.  "Lad's  love"  sim- 
ply brims  over  with  that  sort  of  sentimentality 
—  that,  and  dialect.  Either,  separately,  I 
could  have  tackled  ;  together,  they  were  too 
much. 

"An  elephant's  track,"  by  Mrs.  M.  E.  M. 
Davis,  is  a  collection  of  striking  southern  stories, 
most  of  them  in  darky  dialect,  and  all  of 
them  showing  originality,  force  and  much  poetic 
feeling. 

Mrs.  Deland's  "Wisdom  of  fools"  consists 
of  four  short  stories,  each  one  presenting  some 
problem  of  ethics  or  conscience  in  a  way  that, 
while  offering  no  solution,  makes  one  think, 
and  haunts  one  with  its  perplexing  insistence. 
They  are  natural,  gracefully  written,  and  each 
one  touches  the  riddle,  "  When  is  right  wrong 
and  wrong  right?" 

Doyle's  "  Rodney  Stone"  is  not  so  good  as 
its  predecessors,  but  gives  a  fair  picture  of 
English  life  in  the  first  days  of  the  century,  in- 
troduces a  number  of  historic  persons,  and  is 


interesting,  though  there  is  a  little  too  much 
glorification  of  the  noble  art  of  prize-fighting. 

Miss  Dougall's  "Madonna  of  a  day"  is  a 
study  in  the  influence  of  a  false  ideal.  It  is 
original,  not  to  say  astonishing,  in  its  concep- 
tion and  development,  and  its  climax  is  simply 
haunting. 

"The  cat  and  the  cherub,"  by  Chester  Bailey 
Fernald,  is  probably  the  best  collection  of  short 
stories  published  last  year.  In  originality, 
verve,  wit  and  force,  they  are  remarkable. 

Grant's  "  Stories  of  Naples  and  the  Cam- 
orra"  is  one  of  the  best  books  of  the  year. 
These  tales  of  Naples  fisherfolk,  and  of  the 
strange  secret  society  called  the  Camorra  that 
permeates  all  lower-class  Naples  life,  have  a 
fidelity,  a  kindliness  of  tone,  and  a  minutiae  of 
detail  that  make  them  more  like  actual  experi- 
ences than  stories.  They  are  the  result  of  the 
author's  long  residence  in  Italy  ;  and  I  doubt 
if  there  is  any  other  book  in  English  that  so 
well  depicts  Neapolitan  fisherfolk  life. 

Both  of  Anthony  Hope's  books  have  the 
claim  of  popularity,  and  no  other.  "  Phroso" 
is  the  best ;  but  both  are  miles  below  the 
"  Prisoner  of  Zenda."  The  "  Princess  Osra  " 
stories  are  so  artificial,  padded  and  superficial, 
that  it  is  hard  to  see  in  them  any  lasting  quali- 
ties. 

Howells  and  James  we  have  always  with 
us  ;  and  as  antidotes  to  a  too  cheerful  view  of 
life,  or  as  discouragers  of  a  belief  in  "  the  hu- 
man spark  divine,"  any  one  of  the  four  books 
listed  should  prove  thoroughly  effective. 

Keightley's  "Last  recruit  of  Clare's"  and 
O'Grady 's  ' '  In  the  wake  of  King  James  "  do  not 
seem  to  me  to  belong  in  this  list.  Both  are  in- 
ferior historical  novels.  The  former  is  after 
—  along  way  after  —  Doyle's  "Brigadier  Ge- 
rard," but  the  writer  has  not  learned  that  it  takes 
more  than  a  lay  figure  equipped  with  spurs,  a 
cloak  and  a  plumed  hat,  and  supplied  with  a 
fine  quota  of  phrases,  such  as  "  I'faith,'1 
"  By're  Lady,"  and  an  ever-ready  sword,  to 
make  a  good  historical  story.  The  other  is 
gloriously  "  bluggy,"  with  wicked  earls,  im- 
prisoned maidens,  over-matched  but  ever-con- 
quering heroes,  and  frowning  castle-keeps 
galore  ;  but  it  is  a  shilling  shocker  rather  than 
an  historical  novel. 

Roberts'  "  Forge  in  the  forest"  is  a  novel  of 
Acadia  during  the  French  and  English  strug- 
gles in  Canada.  It  has  many  beautiful  de- 


112 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


scriptions  of  nature,  but  these  are  its  chief 
charm,  and  it  is  inferior  to  his  volume  of  short 
stories  called  "  Earth's  enigmas." 

Of  the  two  books  by  Miss  Yonge,  "The 
cook  and  the  captive "  was  published  two  or 
three  years  ago.  It  is  a  story  of  Gaul  in  the 
time  of  Attila.  "The  pilgrimage  of  the  Ben 
Beriah  "  is  the  story  of  the  wanderings  of  the 
Children  of  Israel  made  into  an  historical 
tale  —  rather  a  remarkable  subject  to  weave 
into  a  story,  but  it  has  been  done  very  well. 

There  are  three  or  four  books  not  on  the  list 
that  I  should  like  to  present,  and  see  if  it  is 
thought  that  they  belong  there.  One  is  Robert 
Barr's  "  The  mutable  many,"  published  about 
two  months  ago.  It  is  a  story  of  capital  and 
labor,  and  gives  both  sides  of  a  long  strike 
with  common-sense  fairness.  The  central  idea 
seems  to  be  that,  no  matter  what  the  right  of 
the  cause  of  labor,  and  though  the  cause  of 
capital  may  have  injustice  on  its  side,  labor 
will  generally  lose  in  the  struggle  on  account 
of  qualities  inherent  in  itself.  The  "mutable 
many"  —  the  mob  —  lose  on  account  of  their 
very  mutability;  because  they  have  not  the  co- 
herence or  organization  to  carry  through  their 
work  and  gain  their  ends.  The  story  is  crude 
and  has  the  trail  of  the  journalist  —  all  of  Barr's 
books  have;  but  it  is  forcible,  gives  both  sides, 
and  I  thought  it  good. 

The  next  is  "The  descendant."  That  was 
suggested  for  the  list,  but  was  not  included. 
It  was  published  anonymously  by  Harper  about 
two  months  ago,  and  has  just  been  discovered 
to  be  by  a  young  southern  woman,  Miss  Ellen 
Glasgow.  It  is  very  strong,  unpleasant  in 
parts,  but  deeply  interesting  and  possessing  a 
wonderful  force  in  its  teaching.  It  is  the  story 
of  a  man  whose  bitter  outcast  childhood  has 
made  him  determine,  with  all  the  strength  of 
his  intense  nature,  that  he  will  carve  a  way  in 
the  world  and  make  himself  envied,  not  de- 
spised. And  he  does  it.  He  tramples  over  all 
obstacles,  disregards  most  laws,  human  or 
divine,  and  then  at  the  end  he  finds  that  his 
strength  is,  after  all,  but  weakness,  and  that 
he  has  made  himself  pitied,  not  envied.  The 
whole  teaching  is  that  strength  rooted  in  self 
is  weakness,  and  that  weakness  animated  by 
love  is  strength.  It  is  strong  teaching,  often 
disagreeable,  as  I  said,  but  very  forcible. 

H.  G.  Wells  has  published  four  or  five  books 
during  the  year.  One  of  them  is  a  bicycle 


romance,  and  I  think  even  an  A.  L.  A.  list  to 
be  up  to  date  should  include  a  bicycle  novel. 
It  is  called  "The  wheels  of  chance"  ;  I  have 
not  read  it,  but  would  like  to  hear  from  some 
one  who  has. 

G.  M.  JONES.  —  I  have;  it  is  delightful.  I  dis- 
like most  of  Wells'  stories  very  much,  but  that 
I  think  is  capital. 

Miss  HAINES. — It  seems  to  me  it  might  be 
well  to  put  it  in  if  we  want  to  make  the  list 
representative  of  present-day  subjects. 

Another  book  that  was  questioned  is  Olive 
Schreiner's  "  Trooper  Peter  Halket,  of  Mashon- 
aland."  I  think  it  should  go  on  the  list,  as 
certainly  belonging  in  a  library.  It  is  a  bitter 
arraignment  and  denunciation  of  British  cruel- 
ties in  South  Africa,  and  is  really  a  politico- 
religious  tract  rather  than  a  novel.  The  in- 
cidents described  are  harrowing  and  horrible 
in  the  extreme,  but  it  is  written  with  all  the  in- 
tensity and  much  of  the  mystical  beauty  so 
characteristic  of  Olive  Schreiner.  Personally 
I  found  it  most  interesting,  and  do  not  see 
how  it  can  hurt  any  one. 

It  might,  however,  be  questioned  whether 
Brander  Matthews'  "  Tales  of  fantasy  and 
fact "  are  worth  inclusion.  They  do  not  amount 
to  anything.  One  recalls,  when  reading  them, 
what  the  New  York  Sun  said  of  Brander  Mat- 
thews' literary  essays  — that  he  "  walked  in  the 
grove  of  literature  and  gently  gathered  chest- 
nuts from  among  the  rustling  leaves." 

Adjourned  at  5.05. 

fOURTH  SESSION. 

(HORTICULTURAL  HALL,  TUESDAY  EVENING, 
JUNE  23,  8.30  P.M.) 

THE  PUBLIC  MEETING. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  President 
BRETT,  at  8.45,  in  the  following  words: 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN,  MEMBERS  AND 
FRIENDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA- 
TION: This  is  an  unusual  meeting  of  the  Asso- 
ciation; unusual  in  that  we  have  so  large  an  at- 
tendance, evincing  an  interest  in  this  movement 
far  wider  than  the  membership  of  the  Associa- 
tion. We  are  met,  also,  not  to  consider,  as  we 
usually  do  at  our  meetings,  the  perfecting  of 
methods  of  library  work,  nor  even  to  consider 
an  extension  of  the  work,  but  to  consider  new 
fields  of  labor;  how  we  can  make  the  library 
more  useful;  how  we  can  reach  through  it  more 


FOURTH  SESSION. 


people.  We  are  met  to-night  to  consider  the 
place  of  the  library  in  the  community;  to  in- 
quire as  to  the  value  of  the  work  which  the  li- 
brary is  doing;  to  see  whether  as  librarians  we 
can  justify  our  work;  to  see  whether  as  citizens 
the  library  is  an  institution  which  it  pays  to 
support;  to  consider  whether  the  work  of  the  li- 
brary tends  to  uplift  and  to  better  individual 
lives;  whether  it  helps  to  make  the  task  of 
earning  a  living  easier;  whether  it  tends  to  help 
to  business  success,  to  professional  success; 
whether  it  helps  to  make  better  citizens;  wheth- 
er as  a  whole  it  is  tending  to  better  our  munici- 
pality, to  make  a  better  state,  a  better  nation. 
And  surely  in  no  place  in  this  country  can  that 
question  be  more  readily  answered  than  here,  in 
this  city  which  has  furnished  so  many  distin- 
guished names  to  our  American  literature,  which 
is  identified  with  progress,  which  is  the  home  of 
the  first  and  oldest  library,  and  which  also  boasts 
of  the  youngest  and  greatest  of  American  pub- 
lic libraries  —  a  public  library  which  is  doing 
more  work,  which  is  placing  more  books  in  the 
hands  of  the  people,  than  any  other  library,  per- 
haps, on  the  face  of  the  globe.  In  this  city 
there  is  certainly  an  object  lesson  in  that  library 
which  would  enable  the  questions  we  ask  to  be 
answered. 

The  progress  of  the  last  25  years  has  not 
only  trebled  the  volume  of  books  available  in 
libraries  of  this  kind,  but  it  has,  through  in- 
creased efficiency  in  the  work,  many  times 
more  than  trebled  the  use  of  the  library. 
Nevertheless,  in  spite  of  this  great  increase,  we 
see  that  we  are  only  at  the  beginning  of  library 
possibilities;  that,  compared  with  those  educa- 
tional institutions,  the  schools —  with  which  we 
may  fairly  compare  the  library  —  while  there 
are  facilities  for  acquiring  at  least  a  common- 
school  education  for  almost  every  child  in  the 
country,  library  facilities  are  still,  in  spite  of 
this  great  increase,  limited  to  a  minority  of  the 
citizens  of  our  country. 

If  we  can  answer  favorably  the  question  as 
to  the  value  of  the  library,  if  we  can  see  that 
the  library  is  an  institution  that  pays,  the  im- 
portant and  further  ^question  with  us  is  :  What 
is  it  our  duty  to  do,  as  citizens,  to  promote  the 
library  movement  and  to  increase  the  extent  and 
efficiency  of  our  library  ?  We  shall  consider 
this  question  to-night.  We  shall  ask  not  only 
the  testimony  of  librarians,  but  we  shall  con- 
sider it  from  the  standpoints  of  the  scholar,  of 


the  educator,  of  the  professional  man.  But 
whether  as  librarian,  or  scholar,  or  professional 
man,  we  shall  consider  it  first  and  foremost 
from  the  standpoint  of  the  citizen. 

I  have  the  pleasure  of  presenting  to  you  as 
the  first  speaker  of  the  evening  a  gentleman 
who,  though  still  young,  has  been  a  pioneer  of 
the  library  movement;  one  who  took  a  small  li- 
brary in  a  western  city  where  library  work  was 
little  known  and  little  appreciated,  and  in  so  do- 
ing abandoned  a  professional  career  in  another 
direction  that  promised  much  greater  things, 
and  who,  taking  that  small  library,  has  de- 
veloped it,  and  made  it  one  of  our  largest  and 
most  efficient  public  libraries,  one  which  so  far 
as  organization  and  method,  and  so  far  as  the 
spirit  of  its  work,  is  a  model  and  an  inspiration. 
I  have  the  pleasure  of  introducing  the  librarian 
of  the  St.  Louis  Public  Library,  Mr.  Crunden. 

F:  M.  CRUNDEN  read  his  address 

WHAT  OF  THE   FUTURE  ? 

(Seep.  5-) 

Pres.  BRETT. — There  are  other  more  definite 
aspects  of  library  work,  and  we  will  now  have 
the  pleasure  of  listening  to  a  gentleman  whose 
connection  with  organized  academic  instruction, 
and  whose  broader  work  in  the  field  of  library 
extension  has  fitted  him  to  express  an  opinion 
as  to  the  educational  value  of  the  library  which 
carries  much  weight,  and  who  can  speak  to  us 
as  a  book-lover,  author,  and  critic.  I  have  the 
pleasure  of  introducing  Professor  Smyth. 

ADDRESS   OF   PROFESSOR  ALBERT   H.    SMYTH. 

Mr.  CHAIRMAN,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  : 
Matthew  Arnold,  a  skilful  phrase-maker  as  well 
as  a  keenly  analytic  critic,  won  some  of  his  most 
signal  victories  by  the  dexterous  repetition  of 
certain  phrases,  believing,  probably,  with  Chal- 
mers, who,  when  he  was  charged  with  repeating 
himself  cried  out:  "  Iteration  !  Why,  all  I  am  in 
the  world  I  am  by  iteration."  And  there  was 
one  thought  in  particular  that  Matthew  Arnold 
was  fond  of  repeating,  for  he  was  profoundly 
convinced  of  the  truth  that  lay  in  it.  It  was 
couched  in  these  words:  "  Culture  is  indispensa- 
bly necessary,  and  culture  is  reading  —  reading 
with  a  purpose  to  guide  and  assist  us.  Who- 
ever does  anything  to  help  this  does  a  good 
work,  in  fact  it  is  the  one  essential  service  now 
to  be  rendered  to  the  world."  And  that  essen- 
tial service,  ladies  and  gentlemen  of  the  Ameri- 


xi4 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


can  Library  Association,  you  are  now  rendering 
to  the  world.  It  is  your  task  to  form  and  to 
direct  the  reading  habit;  to  kindle  that  inex- 
tinguishable love  for  literature  which  Gibbon, 
in  words  that  are  burned  into  the  memory, 
said  he  would  not  exchange  for  the  wealth  of 
the  Indies. 

True  it  is,  the  librarian  in  unselfishly  per- 
forming his  duties  effaces  himself.  He  lives 
only  in  the  published  works  and  the  gratitude 
of  those  whom  he  helps.  The  superb  culture 
and  astonishing  erudition  of  Henry  Bradshaw 
gave  stimulus  and  suggestion  to  scholars,  but 
left  no  original  monument  to  his  own  unique 
worth.  Only  in  the  preface  of  great  and  per- 
manent contributions  to  literature,  where  men 
of  learned  minds  have  confessed  their  obliga- 
tions and  professed  their  deep  gratitude  to 
Henry  Bradshaw,  does  the  world  gain  some 
brief  insight,  some  little  glimpse  of  the  immense 
service  that  was  rendered  by  the  librarian  of 
Cambridge  University. 

It  is  my  conviction  that  the  theologians  have 
all  looked  for  Paradise  in  the  wrong  direction; 
it  is  to  be  found  in  Bloomsbury,  London.  It  is 
in  that  reading-room  where  Richard  Garnett, 
the  Keeper  of  the  Printed  Books,  patiently  and 
with  self-sacrifice  devotes  himself  to  aiding 
scholars  in  their  researches. 

Not  only  is  the  librarian's  influence  indirectly 
felt  through  the  minds  and  works  of  scholars 
aided  by  him,  but  his  influence  is  directly  great 
upon  the  social  culture  of  the  community  that 
feeds  upon  his  library.  The  librarian  registers 
the  intellectual  and  spiritual  culture  of  the  peo- 
ple. He  not  only  directs  taste,  but  It  is  the  li- 
brarian's task,  as  is  so  eloquently  pointed  out  by 
Mr.  Foster  in  his  recent  pamphlet,  to  create 
that  taste  —  and  what  a  taste  it  is  ! 

To  distribute  the  riches  and  open  the  regions 
of  literature  to  a  starving  community  is  the 
superb  and  splendid  task  of  the  librarian.  New 
England  led,  it  is  true,  in  the  struggle  for  free 
libraries,  but  Sir  Stafford  Northcote  took  up  the 
work  which  resulted  in  the  free  libraries  of 
England.  In  the  city,  which  was  the  headquar- 
ters of  liberalism,  George  Dawson  and  Samuel 
Timmins  created  that  free  public  library  over 
which  Mr.  Mullins  presides  with  such  skill  and 
energy.  When  that  public  library  was  opened 
and  the  people  of  Birmingham,  before  unac- 
quainted with  libraries,  came  to  know  what  a 
potent  force  in  the  community  a  free  library  is, 


such  a  crisis  was  reached  that  to-day  no  man 
can  hold  public  office  in  the  city  of  Birmingham 
unless  he  pledges  himself  to  support  free  libra- 
ries. And  so,  from  that  far-off  corner  of  Eng- 
land, which  is  almost  a  country  by  itself,  from 
Cornwall  —  unpenetrated  for  a  long  time  by 
railways,  and  then  only  circuitously  by  the 
Great  Western  Railroad  —  the  G.  W.  R.  — and 
the  London  &  South  Western  Railway — the  L. 
&  S.  W.  R.  —  popularly  known  as  the  "great 
way  round,"  and  the  "long  and  slow  way 
round,"  —  there  went  forth  to  the  great  metrop- 
olis one  who  was  destined  to  win  fortune,  to  re- 
turn to  Cornwall  with  his  hands  open,  and  with 
the  wealth  he  had  acquired  in  London,  to  found 
throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  Cornwall 
free  libraries  for  his  fellow-countrymen,  so  that 
now  troops  of  pensive  students  find  their  way 
into  buildings  that  have  been  beautifully  con- 
structed throughout  all  Cornwall,  there  to  find 
knowledge  that  flows  forth  in  streams  of  be- 
neficence through  Great  Britain. 

There  is  still  another  side  to  the  matter:  A  dis- 
tinguished Philadelphian,  Mr.  Horace  Binney, 
said  that  one  of  the  chief  things  he  gained 
at  college  was  his  love  for  study.  And  indeed 
it  is  not  the  knowledge  that  is  obtained  from 
books,  but  it  is  the  love  for  study  that  is  the 
better  thing.  Books  fall  into  the  night  and  are 
left  in  its  shade,  but  there  is  one  thing  that 
does  not  pass  away,  and  that  is  the  spirit  of 
love  for  learning.  At  the  time  when  Horace 
Binney  was  a  student,  and  at  a  time  within  the 
distinct  recollection  of  some  of  us,  there  was 
room  in  the  curriculum  for  reading;  for  desul- 
tory reading;  for  that  browsing  in  the  library 
that  has  been  so  beneficial  in  all  literary  lives. 
But  it  would  seem  now  that  in  the  schools 
and  colleges  the  spare  moments  are  given  to 
athletic  sports;  or  the  strain  of  the  college 
work  is  so  great  that  there  is- no  time  for  desul- 
tory reading,  to  say  nothing  of  heroic  reading. 
It  would  seem  that  we  are  becoming  less  and 
less  a  reading  people.  We  read  books  about 
books,  or  we  read  magazine  articles  on  books 
about  books,  or  we  are  content  with  the  sum- 
maries in  newspapers  of  magazine  articles  on 
books  about  books.  All  this  seems  to  be  carry- 
ing us  further  from  reality  into  a  mere  com- 
merce of  ideas  upon  which  no  healthy  soul  can 
live.  I  am  perpetually  amazed  when  I  question 
a  class  of  boys  of  16  or  17  years  of  age,  coming 
up  from  the  public  schools  of  our  great  city,  to 


FOURTH  SESSION. 


find  that  no  inconsiderable  number  of  the  class 
have  never  read  a  book.  I  am  amazed  that  there 
should  exist  boys  of  16  or  17  years  of  age  in  this 
city,  surrounded  by  all  the  splendid  apparatus  for 
education  that  Philadelphia  possesses,  who  have 
never  read  a  book  —  I  do  not  mean  the  reading- 
matter  that  masquerades  in  book-clothing,  but 
books  that  are  books,  in  the  sense  of  literature 
—  who  do  not  know  that  in  Philadelphia  there 
is  such  a  thing  in  existence  as  a  public  library, 
who  do  not  know  where  to  get  books.  One  of 
the  most  important  problems  that  free  libraries 
ha  veto  face  is  how  to  reach  the  students  of  the 
schools.  Already  the  Free  Library  of  Philadel- 
phia has  approached  that  problem,  as  it  has  been 
approached  before  in  New  England.  It  is  how 
to  hold  forth  a  helping  hand  to  those  who  are  at- 
tempting the  arduous  task  of  drawing  the  youth- 
ful soul  into  the  "substantial  world  "  of  books. 

A  whole  world  of  subjects  is  opened  to  the 
teachers  of  the  schools  if  they  are  only  in  co- 
operation with  the  librarians  of  the  free  libra- 
ries. The  richest  of  public  collections  may  be 
put  at  their  disposal. 

This  is,  therefore,  a  threefold  service  :  a 
service  to  the  scholar,  to  the  public,  and  to  the 
schools.  And  it  is  my  profound  conviction 
that  this  library  association  is  but  entering  now 
upon  a  career  of  boundless  influence,  and  that 
it  has  yet  to  introduce  many  a  rising  genera- 
tion into  the  unspeakable  delights  of  literature 
and  to  the  manifold  enjoyments  of  this  bright 
world. 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  We  are  fortunate  in  having 
with  us  this  evening  a  gentleman  who  has  de- 
voted a  large  part  of  his  public  life  to  the 
efficient  support  of  public  libraries;  who,  as  a 
business  man,  is  in  the  very  centre  of  the 
business  life  and  financial  activity  of  this  great 
city;  and,  as  a  member  of  the  committee  which 
has  charge  of  the  expenditures  of  public  money, 
has  found  it  his  duty  to  make  a  careful  study 
of  such  expenditure  and  to  determine  the  value 
received  for  each  dollar  expended.  I  have  the 
pleasure  of  presenting  to  you  the  chairman  of 
the  Finance  Committee  of  the  Common  Councils 
of  Philadelphia  —  Mr.  Seeds. 

ADDRESS   OF  MR.    JACOB   J.    SEEDS. 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  I  have  but  a  word 
to  say,  and  that  is  upon  the  local  aspect  of  our 
Philadelphia  Free  Library  and  its  relations  to 
the  Councils  of  the  city,  I  can  say  that  in  my 


capacity  as  chairman  of  the  Finance  Committee 
in  disbursing  some  millions  of  dollars  for  the 
various  bureaus  of  Philadelphia,  that  this  bu- 
reau in  particular — the  board  of  managers  of 
the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia  —  is  held  up 
as  a  model  for  other  departments  in  the  city. 
In  this  department,  much  as  we  hear  of  the 
extravagance  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  no 
such  charge  of  extravagance  has  been  brought. 
Economy  reigns  there,  and  the  work  that  has 
been  performed  by  this  board  is  beyond  ques- 
tion. 

I  might  say  that  the  Councils  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia  are  thoroughly  in  accord  with  this 
work,  and  are  committed  to  carry  it  on  to  a  suc- 
cessful issue.  And  I  feel  that  it  is  my  duty  on 
behalf  of  the  Councils  and  of  the  people  of  the 
city  of  which  I  am  a  representative,  to  thank 
the 'representatives  of  the  library  board  and 
the  rank  and  file  of  the  staff  of  the  Philadelphia 
Free  Library  for  the  grand  work  that  has  been 
performed  in  the  city  since  the  inception  of 
this  institution. 

There  is  one  question  in  relation  to  the  li- 
brary that  we  ought  to  settle.  We  thought 
that  we  had  it  settled,  but  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  state  has  taken  issue  with  us  upon  that 
matter,  and  has  decided  that  we  have  not  the 
right  to  go  on  and  build  our  free  library,  the 
central  building  which  we  were  all  sure  we  would 
soon  be  able  to  put  up.  I  have  but  a  word  to 
say  to  this  audience  :  I  want  to  enlist  the  active 
work  and  sympathy  of  every  man  and  woman 
here  in  the  question  that  is  about  to  be  settled. 
This  autumn  the  question  is  to  be  submitted  to 
the  people  whether  we  shall  have  a  magnifi- 
cent and  centrally  located  library  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  in  which  not  only  to  carry  out 
the  work  that  has  been  begun  but  to  extend 
that  work.  That  question  will  be  submitted  to 
the  people  this  fall,  and,  strange  as  it  may 
seem,  there  is  considerable  opposition  to  this 
project  in  the  city.  It  is  because  of  this  opposi- 
tion that  it  becomes  the  duty  of  every  person 
who  is  conversant  with  this  work,  who  is 
a  believer  and  a  sincere  sympathizer  in  it, 
to  constitute  himself  an  active  supporter  of 
it  in  canvassing  this  question  before  the  peo- 
ple. Now,  how  can  this  be  done  ?  It  is  not 
the  rich  who  derive  the  benefits  of  the  library. 
It  is  those  in  moderate  circumstances  and 
the  poorer  people  who  appreciate  this  great 
work.  And  I  feel,  on  the  part  of  Councils, 


n6 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


where  this  opposition  exists,  that  the  work  is 
not  thoroughly  understood,  and  if  those  who 
oppose  it  would  go  down  among  the  masses 
and  find  out  how  they  appreciate  the  libraries, 
the  opposition  would  soon  be  wiped  out.  The 
words  of  the  preceding  speaker  touched  me, 
and  I  feel  that  if  the  boys  and  girls  of  the 
public  schools  in  Philadelphia  had  the  question 
of  settling  whether  we  shall  have  such  a  library, 
that  the  question  would  be  settled  beyond  per- 
adventure;  but  I  regret  to  say  the  boys  and 
girls  have  not  the  settling  of  the  question. 
Now,  how  can  you  assist  in  this  work  ?  Think 
of  the  reflection  upon  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
and  its  people,  a  people  who  can  put  $20,000,000 
in  the  city  hall  for  housing  our  municipal  de- 
partments, if  they  should  deny  the  sum  of 
$1,000,000  to  erect  a  centrally  located  library. 
All  that  will  be  necessary,  I  feel,  is  to  spread 
the  good  news  of  what  the  library  is  doing  and 
can  do;  to  spread  it  so  that  the  men  who  have 
the  power  to  vote  shall  be  fully  alive  to  the 
city's  necessity,  and  then  Philadelphia  will  have 
her  central  library,  to  which  she  is  entitled,  and 
which  her  people  will  appreciate  —  no  grand 
institution,  no  magnificent  monument,  no  luxu- 
rious building  that  shall  be  noted  principally 
for  its  architectural  effects  and  beauty;  but  a 
substantial  warehouse,  I  will  call  it,  where  the 
books  can  be  stored,  and  which  may  be  used 
as  a  centrally  located  building  where  the  people 
can  come  and  have  the  benefit  of  the  library  to 
which  our  city  is  entitled. 

Pres.  BRETT.  — We  shall  now  have  the  pleas- 
ure of  listening  to  a  gentleman  who  has  been 
a  member  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion from  its  foundation,  whose  work  in  biblio- 
graphy has  been  of  use  to  libraries  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic,  and  who  in  these  last 
few  years  has  been  making  a  study  of  library 
architecture  for  the  benefit  of  his  own  library 
directly,  which  will,  I  am  sure,  produce  a  li- 
brary that,  when  completed,  will  be  just  such  a 
practical  and  convenient  building  as  that  desired 
by  the  gentleman  who  has  just  spoken.  I  have 
the  pleasure  of  introducing  to  you  as  the  next 
speaker  the  librarian  of  the  Providence  Public 
Library,  Mr.  Foster. 

ADDRESS   OF  MR.    W:   E.    FOSTER. 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  After  the  stirring 
words  of  the  speakers  who  have  preceded  me, 
you  can  perhaps  have  little  doubt  left  in  your 


minds  as  to  the  educational  quality  which  be- 
longs to  the  work  of  public  libraries.  But 
there  is  something  more.  I  wish  to  maintain 
this  proposition  :  that  you  can  advance  a  stage 
further  and  ascribe  to  the  work  of  public  libra- 
ries a  positively  civilizing  influence. 

Your  president  has  asked  me  to  speak  this 
evening  on  a  subject  which  he  knows  has  very 
much  engaged  my  attention  and  my  interest  for 
a  considerable  time  past;  and  he  probably  has 
done  this  from  the  supposition  that  the  sugges- 
tion which  would  so  effectually  kindle  the  en- 
thusiasm of  one  member  of  the  Association 
would  probably  communicate  itself  to  a  wider 
circle,  and  I  believe  that  he  is  more  than  half 
right.  It  is,  in  brief,  this: — the  very  great 
service  which  the  public  library  renders  to 
its  community  by  counselling  and  protesting 
against  "the  ephemeral." 

How  great  a  hold  the  ephemeral  has  in  our 
modern  life  —  the  ephemeral  in  literature,  the 
ephemeral  in  thought  —  no  one  needs  to  be  in- 
formed. We  see  it  in  the  appetite  which  our 
public  has  for  the  new  books,  as  new  books,  not- 
withstanding we  have  been  so  wisely  reminded, 
in  a  well-known  counsel  of  Mr.  Emerson,  how 
greatly  we  gain  by  feeding  on  those  books 
which  are  at  least  a  year  old.  We  see  it  in  the 
appetite  for  periodicals;  and,  as  one  of  the 
previous  speakers  has  said,  "in  newspaper 
summaries  of  the  magazine  articles  on  books 
about  books  "  ;  and  we  hear  comments  on  the 
indisposition  shown  by  many  readers  for  any 
connected  or  sustained  thought. 

Public  libraries  can  perform  a  great  service 
in  reducing  the  inequality  between  the  litera- 
ture of  knowledge  and  the  literature  of  power, 
so  far  as  regards  the  attention  which  they 
receive,  for  this  is  a  disproportion  which  can 
undoubtedly  be  corrected.  There  are  four 
suggestions  upon  which  I  shall  touch,  which 
have  been  found  effectual  in  this  direction. 

The  first  of  these  is,  that  we  can  make  a  great 
deal  more  in  future  than  we  have  made  in  the 
past,  of  the  opportunity  for  personal  contact 
between  the  library  reader  and  the  library 
officer.  The  "information-desk"  in  my  own 
library  (as  it  is  called)  was  established  half  a 
dozen  years  ago  almost  exclusively  from  the 
point  of  view,  as  indicated  by  its  name,  of 
supplying  information,  and  of  helping  the 
reader  find  what  he  wants  in  the  literature  of 
knowledge;  but  in  the  past  few  years  it  has 


FOURTH  SESSION. 


117 


been  used  almost  as  much  in  awakening  the 
reader's  mind  to  that  which  the  library  con- 
tains in  the  literature  of  power. 

Secondly,  it  is  to  develop,  even  more  than  is 
now  developed,  in  the  immense  work  which 
can  be  done  with  the  pupils  of  the  schools,  a 
desire  for  good  literature.  In  our  own  com- 
munity these  efforts  have  been  going  on  for  a 
long  series  of  years,  so  that  now  we  have  the 
pleasure  of  having  in  our  community  many  who 
have  a  passion  for  good  literature,  which  has 
been  acquired  in  the  schools. 

The  third  suggestion  is  the  use  of  reference 
lists  and  bulletins. 

Of  the  fourth  measure  I  will  speak  very 
briefly.  We  are  looking  forward  to  this  with 
the  greatest  interest  in  our  new  building,  but 
we  have  not  as  yet  been  able  to  put  it  into 
operation  under  any  favorable  conditions  in  our 
present  quarters.  It  may  be  briefly  described 
as  an  attempt  to  create  an  "atmosphere"  of 
literature.  Every  artist  knows  how  vital  is 
this  matter  of  atmosphere,  in  the  growth  of  an 
artistic  spirit  and  in  the  education  of  his  eye. 
We  wish  to  establish  a  series  of  rooms  express- 
ly equipped  for  this  purpose,  and  expressly 
planned  for  this  purpose  —  with  a  collection  of 
books  wholly  within  the  field  of  the  literature  of 
power,  to  which  we  can  point  the  reader  and 
say:  "  Here  are  the  best  books  by  the  best  au- 
thors, in  the  best  editions,  representing  in  every 
way  the  idea  of  the  best  in  literature."  The 
books  would  be  under  the  eyes  and  in  the  hands 
of  an  intelligent  and  sympathetic  and  tactful 
library  officer.  No  one  of  these  copies  can  be 
taken  from  the  building,  since  that  would  de- 
feat the  essential  purpose  of  the  collection,  but 
in  each  volume  will  be  placed  a  printed  slip, 
reading  as  follows:  "In  order  to  take  a  copy 
of  this  book  for  home  use,  apply  for  number  so 
and  so,  from  the  stack." 

We  look  for  an  improvement  in  the  quality 
of  the  books  that  go  from  the  building  and  into 
the  homes  of  the  readers;  and  this  will  manifest 
itself  not  only  in  an  improvement  of  the  intel- 
lectual condition  but  in  the  building  up  of  libra- 
ries in  their  own  homes  and  upon  their  own 
shelves.  What  basis  have  we  for  such  an  expec- 
tation ?  Our  past  experience.  It  is  no  uncom- 
mon thing  for  readers  to  return  even  books  of  the 
highest  literature  and  to  say  :  "  This  is  a  book 
I  must  have,"  and  they  are  then  furnished  with 
data  which  enable  them  to  purchase  that  book. 


A  library  is  like  a  great  organ,  and  its 
great  number  of  books  may  be  compared  to  the 
organ's  almost  countless  number  of  stops  and 
keys.  Bearing  in  mind  this  tendency  which 
there  is  always,  to  an  undue  emphasis  on  that 
which  is  of  lesser  value,  and  the  great  danger 
of  allowing  it  to  exist,  the  librarian  should  see 
to  it,  that  in  touching  this  or  that  stop  or  key, 
he  does  not  neglect  those  which  will  uplift,  and 
inspire,  and  develop  the  minds  of  the  commu- 
nity making  use  of  his  library. 

Pres.  BRETT. — Thirteen  years  ago  I  was 
called  to  take  charge  of  a  public  library  —  a 
work  about  which  I  knew  nothing  and  for 
which  I  was  not  ready.  After  a  little  prelimi- 
nary experimenting  which  was  not  very  suc- 
cessful, I  went  about  the  country  to  see  what  I 
could  learn  in  regard  to  this  work.  I  came  to 
the  library  of  one  of  our  great  universities, 
looked  around  for  an  hour  or  two,  and  then 
asked  if  I  could  see  the  librarian.  I  was  taken 
into  his  inner  office,  expecting  to  stay  there  a 
few  moments ;  but  for  two  hours  I  was  kept 
there,  and  in  those  two  hours  I  received  such 
an  inspiration  towards  library  work,  such  a 
glimpse  of  its  possibilities,  that  if  there  is  any 
good  in  the  work  that  I  have  been  able  to  do 
since  then,  I  date  it  all  from  that  afternoon 
when  I  visited  that  library.  And  what  that 
librarian  has  done  for  me  he  has  done  for 
scores  of  other  librarians  in  the  country.  We 
will  now  have  the  pleasure  of  listening  to  the 
man  I  listened  to  that  February  afternoon.  I 
need  hardly  introduce  Mr.  Dewey. 

ADDRESS   OF   MR.    MELVIL   DEWEY. 

LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  I  cannot  help  look- 
ing back  21  years  to  the  time  when  we  came  to 
Philadelphia  to  organize  the  American  Library 
Association.  Since  then,  year  by  year,  and  by 
little  groups  of  years,  we  have  taken  up  one 
work  after  another,  but  none'of  them  have  been 
finished.  Yet  we  have  had  distinct  periods  when 
the  library  associations  and  library  journals  and 
state  and  local  associations  dotted  the  country 
all  over.  We  have  had  meetings  of  state  asso- 
ciations and  city  associations  where  the  attend- 
ance was  larger  than  at  our  national  meetings. 
There  was  in  the  very  beginning,  in  1876,  a 
movement  for  library  extension.  It  was  a  so- 
ciety of  propaganda;  we  all  went  out  with  the 
idea  of  spreading  the  library  movement.  The 
old  idea  of  the  library  as  a  reservoir  was  giving 


n8 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


way  to  that  of  the  fountain;  we  were  to  have  a 
fountain  where  each  one  might  go.  And  then 
it  was  a  question  of  piping  the  water  from  the 
fountain  to  almost  every  house  and  every  room 
in  a  city.  And  step  by  step  we  had  the  differ- 
erent  kinds  of  libraries:  the  reference  library, 
and  the  branches,  and  the  travelling  library 
carrying  books  to  all  who  wished  to  use  them. 
Then  there  was  a  development  from  the  very 
first  library  methods  — the  development  of  the 
science  of  library  economy.  And  some  said  we 
were  threshing  over  old  straw  and  learning  the 
lessons  that  older  men  had  already  learned. 
But  that  was  not  true,  for  we  were  laying  the 
foundations  for  the  new  science. 

If  we  study  the  proceedings  of  the  American 
Library  Association  in  those  early  years  it  will 
be  seen  that  we  were  laying  foundations.  That 
work  has  been  largely  done.  We  shall  improve 
upon  it  from  time  to  time,  but  when  the  history 
of  the  Association  is  written  it  will  read  that 
from  1876  for  nearly  10  years  was  the  time 
when  most  was  done  for  the  development  of 
library  methods  and  toward  making  it  possible 
to  do  a  larger  amount  of  good  work  with  the 
time  and  money  at  disposal.  Then  came  the 
work  with  the  library  in  the  schools.  And  we 
only  understand  the  a,  b,  c,  of  that  at  the  present 
time.  For  20  years  different  branches  of  that 
work  have  been  going  on,  but  it  was  not  until  the 
organization  last  year  of  the  Library  Depart- 
ment of  the  National  Educational  Association 
that  the  library  was  recognized  as  an  essential 
part  of  education.  I  say  essential,  for  the 
library  is  now  looked  upon  as  a  useful  adjunct 
of  the  school.  We  have  been  compelled*  to  do 
like  a  man  who  puts  a  building  on  an  insufficent 
foundation  and  when  it  begins  to  settle  down 
repairs  it  and  makes  it  a  little  stronger;  and  still 
it  sinks,  and  he  repairs  it  again  and  again  until 
it  gets  down  to  bed  rock.  That  is  what  we  are 
doing  in  this  igth  century;  we  are  finding  bed 
rock  on  which  our  educational  fabric  will  stand. 

Mr.  Seeds  said  that  if  only  the  boys  and  girls 
of  Philadelphia  had  the  settling  of  this  question 
of  whether  Philadelphia  should  have  a  central 
library,  that  the  question  would  be  settled  be- 
yond peradventure,  but  he  said  the  boys  and 
girls  have  not  the  settling  of  the  question.  I 
contend  the  boys  and  girls  of  Philadelphia  are 
going  to  settle  this  question  in  a  very  few  years. 
The  boys  in  a  very  few  years  are  going  to  be 
the  voters  who  will  decide  this  question.  A 


prominent  politician  in  one  of  our  great  cities 
said  to  me  he  had  the  power  and  the  votes  to 
overturn  the  work  that  was  done  in  our  free  li- 
braries. I  said  :  "  You  have  the  votes  perhaps, 
and  if  you  dared  you  might  do  this  thing,  but 
let  me  tell  you,  you  will  be  surprised  how  many 
men  in  the  city  of  New  York  favor  free  libraries 
and,  if  need  be,  will  carry  a  gun  before  they  will 
give  up  this  part  of  their  educational  system." 
And  I  say  to  you  here  that  the  boys  and  girls  of 
Philadelphia  will  settle  this  question,  and  their 
fathers  and  mothers  will  settle  it  in  the  same 
way  when  they  come  to  realize  the  benefit  of 
the  free  library  system. 

Following  the  period  of  specific  co-operation 
in  library  work,  came  the  relation  of  the  library 
to  the  state  and  nation.  That  was  the  hitching 
of  the  wagon  to  the  star.  It  is  no  more  possible 
to  build  up  a  satisfactory  system  of  libraries  for 
supplying  reading-matter  to  the  people  without 
aid,  both  state  and  national,  than  it  would  be  to 
carry  on  our  schools  in  that  way. 

Then  most  important  of  all  comes  this  period 
upon  which  we  are  just  entering,  which  I  like 
to  call  the  filtration  period.  We  had  the  res- 
ervoir and  we  changed  it  to  the  fountain.  'We 
not  only  went  on  from  that  and  piped  the  books 
to  every  house  and  every  room,  but  that  was 
not  enough  and  we  must  go  farther.  I  remem- 
ber a  few  years  ago  there  was  an  appropriation 
of  five  or  six  hundred  thousand  dollars  made 
in  the  city  of  Albany  to  get  a  greater  water  sup- 
ply for  the  city,  and  the  money  was  spent  in 
bringing  the  water  of  the  Hudson  and  distribut- 
ing it  by  pipes  throughout  the  city,  and  it  was 
piped  into  every  room.  But  we  discovered  the 
faster  the  water  was  piped  to  the  city  the  faster 
our  citizens  went  to  the  cemetery,  so  we  appro- 
priated another  million  of  dollars  to  take  up  the 
subject  of  filtration.  No  city  expects  to  send 
poisoned  water  to  its  citizens  ;  neither  does  a 
library  desire  to  furnish  bad  reading,  but  the 
public  library  is  at  fault,  in  my  judgment,  in 
not  doing  more  for  quality  in  all  it  is  doing  for 
quantity.  It  is  a  necessary  work  to  get  books 
to  the  people,  but  we  should  constantly  en- 
deavor to  improve  the  quality  of  the  books,  for 
the  library  must  be  the  library  militant  before 
it  can  become  the  library  triumphant. 

The  "yellow  journalism"  of  to-day  is  the 
most  serious  problem  that  confronts  us.  We 
would  do  well  in  dealing  with  it  if  we  followed 
out  the  plan  of  the  little  girl  who  complained 


FOURTH  SESSION. 


119 


that  her  brother  had  set  a  trap  to  catch  the 
pretty  birds.  She  said  she  had  prayed  real  hard 
that  the  birds  would  not  get  caught  in  the  trap. 
She  was  asked  what  else  she  did.  She  said  : 
"  I  went  out  and  kicked  that  trap  all  to  pieces." 
Possibly  there  is  a  lesson  for  us  here,  because 
some  of  our  libraries  have  been  content  with  a 
great  circulation  of  books  to  record,  but  they 
have  thoroughly  seized  upon  the  idea  of  having 
the  books  used  without  having  before  them 
this  problem  that  comes  under  the  head  of  filtra- 
tion, and  this  is  a  work  that  can  be  done  only 
through  the  public  library  system  and  not 
through  book-stores.  The  idea  in  my  mind  is 
that  by  and  by  the  library  is  to  take  almost  en- 
tirely the  place  of  the  book-store  ;  it  will  be  a 
place  where  the  reader  will  be  shown  a  book 
and  be  interested  in  it  and  will  buy  it. 

Philadelphia  was  the  place  where  we  met  first 
in  organizing  the  American  Library  Aassocia- 
tion.  Philadelphia  has  the  honor  of  leading  in 
many  high  educational  works.  Her  great  uni- 
versity is  a  surprise  to  those  who  come  to  it  for 
the  first  time  after  a  number  of  years.  In  uni- 
versity extension  work  she  sets  the  example  to 
all  the  country,  and  in  all  this  work  there  has 
been  one  man  in  Philadelphia  so  prominent 
that  when  we  hear  of  new  educational  and 
new  philanthropic  work  we  know  almost  in 
advance  who  the  man  will  be  who  leads  in  its 
organization.  That  man  is  here  to-night  and 
intends  not  to  speak.  I  am  sure,  even  late  as  it 
is,  if  I  relieve  you  of  the  many  things  I  would 
like  to  say,  we  will  enjoy  hearing  him  and  that 
we  will  insist  on  having  a  few  words  from  him. 
Personally  I  have  been  inspired  and  delighted 
with  the  magnificent  work  done  by  Dr.  Pepper, 
and  I  am  sure  the  members  of  the  Association 
share  with  me  my  feeling  in  insisting  that  we 
have  a  word  or  two  from  him  now.  I  am  in- 
clined, Dr.  Pepper,  to  paraphrase  the  words  of 
Eugene  Field  and  say  : 

Bless  you,  Dr.  Pepper,  may  you  live  a  thousand  years, 
To  sort  of  keep    things  lively  in  this  vale   of    human 

tears, 

And  may  I  live  a  thousand  too  —  a  thousand  less  a  day, 
For  I  should  not  like  to  be  on  earth  and  hear  you'd  passed 

away. 

ADDRESS  OF  DR.  WILLIAM    PEPPER. 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN:  I 
only  have  this  to  say  :  that  the  great  success  of 
the  Free  Library  of  Philadelphia  has  been  due 
chiefly  to  one  thing,  and  that  is  an  influence 


that  has  pervaded  it  from  the  beginning,  that 
has  carried  it  from  the  centre  to  the  very  peri- 
phery of  this  great  town,  in  every  direction  — 
the  feeling  that  this  library  is  yours  ;  that  there 
is  nothing  about  it  —  money,  buildings,  the 
time  and  the  services  of  the  officers,  the  books 
on  the  shelves  —  that  is  not  yours.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  city  government.  It  is  yours  to  use  as 
is  the  water  supply  and  any  other  thing  that 
the  municipality  supplies  to  its  inhabitants. 
And  it  has  been  successful  because  we  have 
turned  it  over  to  the  people,  and  the  people 
have  taken  hold  of  it  to  use  it  in  a  way  that  ex- 
ceeds the  extent  to  which  a  free  library  is  used 
in  any  other  city  of  the  world.  This  has  come 
in  three  years,  and  not  from  any  special 
method  ;  only  from  freedom  ;  only  from  trust- 
ing you  ;  only  by  returning  to  you  that  which 
you  gave  us  to  use  for  you. 

We  have  a  central  station,  a  building  that  is 
liable  to  burn  down  while  we  are  talking  to- 
night. It  is  a  disgrace  to  this  city,  that  that 
central  station  and  every  branch  that  we  have 
opened  is  crowded  from  the  moment  the  doors 
are  opened  until  the  crowds  are  driven  out  at 
the  last  minute  at  night,  crowded  by  our  fellow- 
citizens  who  throng  to  these  branches  as  I  have 
never  seen  human  beings  throng  after  any 
single  article  desired.  Do  you  suppose  that  this 
city  is  going  to  allow  an  institution  that  is  an  in- 
tegral part  of  its  life  to  languish  or  pause  in  its 
growth  ?  It  has  been  a  surprise  to  us  all.  I  am 
glad  to  hear  Mr.  Seeds  bear  testimony  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  service.  That  is  John  Thom- 
son's work.  It  spreads  through  the  whole  of 
that  system  and  comes  from  the  single-minded, 
whole-hearted  devotedness  of  that  man  to  you. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  have  this  Association  meet 
in  Philadelphia.  It  is  an  honor  to  the  place 
where  it  was  founded.  I  am  glad  you  have 
come  back  to  us  on  this  2ist  anniversary 
of  the  Association,  and  it  is  good  for  us  all  to 
have  been  here  to-night.  Let  us,  however, 
take  to  heart  the  words  that  have  been  said  and 
go  out  from  here  pledged  to  carry  on  the  work, 
not  only  in  our  own  homes  but  into  all  circles 
which  we  can  control  or  influence,  until  the  free 
library  here  is  placed  upon  the  most  permanent 
basis  that  can  be  desired.  New  York  has  just 
transferred  to  its  consolidated  library  a  build- 
ing site  which  our  friend  Dr.  Billings  states  is 
worth  many  millions  of  dollars,  and  that  city 
has  appropriated  two  and  a  half  millions  of  dol- 


I2O 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


lars  towards  the  use  of  that  library.  I  know  that 
the  library  movement  of  Philadelphia  is  going 
on  to  its  completion.  It  has  not  begun  to  be 
what  it  is  going  to  be  :  we  are  going  to  carry 
this  library  into  every  ward  in  this  city;  we  are 
going  to  have  every  section  of  this  city  sup- 
plied with  the  best  reading  in  the  most  attrac- 
tive way  and  made  convenient  to  the  people,  so 
that  the  education  of  this  city,  we  hope,  shall 
be  better  organized  and  shall  be  more  thorough 
than  that  of  any  community  in  the  world.  We 
Philadelphians  say  to  you,  visiting  members  of 
the  American  Library  Association,  we  are  very 
proud  of  our  city.  We  love  it.  We  believe 
there  is  no  community  where  good  work  can  be 
better  promoted  than  it  can  be  in  this  city,  and 
we  count  this  work  of  establishing  a  free  library 
for  the  entire  people,  and  spreading  it  until  it 
reaches  the  home  of  every  member  of  this  com- 
munity, among  the  best  works  that  we  have 
undertaken.  It  is  necessary  for  the  stability  of 
society  and  it  is  necessary  for  the  happiness  of 
our  people,  and  I  hope  that  every  man  and 
woman  who  is  here  to-night  and  has  heard  the 
inspiring  words  that  have  been  spoken  from 
this  platform  by  men  from  widely  different 
places,  will  go  away  determined  to  labor  for 
this  cause  until  it  is  fully  successful. 

Pres.  BRETT  closed  the  meeting  with  a  few 
words  of  acknowledgment  at  10.30,  and  im- 
mediately upon  adjournment,  a  reception,  with 
music,  was  held  in  the  hall.  Dancing  followed 
until  a  late  hour. 

FIFTH  SESSION. 

(DREXEL  INSTITUTE,  WEDNESDAY  MORNING, 
JUNE  23.) 

The  fifth  session  was  held  simultaneously 
with  the  separate  session  of  the  College  Section, 
which  met  in  one  of  the  class-rooms  of  the  In- 
stitute. It  was  devoted  to  a  consideration  of 

ELEMENTARY   LIBRARY   WORK. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  9. 30,  in  the 
library  of  Drexel  Institute,  by  Dr.  G.  E.  WIRE, 
chairman. 

CLASSIFICATION  AND  CATALOGING. 

Dr.  G.  E.  WIRE.  —  The  idea  of  the  present 
session,  as  we  intend  to  carry  it  out,  is  that  we 
are  to  have  short  papers  or  talks,  preferably 
about  10  minutes  each,  and  after  each  speaker 
is  done  you  are  at  liberty  to  assault  him  with 
all  the  questions  you  wish  to  ask.  To  that  end 


we  have  arranged  this  rather  negligte  appear- 
ance, so  that  you'  may  feel  quite  at  ease  and  at 
home,  as  though  in  your  own  library. 

The  part  that  falls  to  me  is  to  talk  on  classifi- 
cation and  on  cataloging,  and  in  doing  so  I  will 
start  with  the  general  ideas  of  classification. 
Of.  course  we  know  that  when  we  speak  of  clas- 
sification, we  generally  mean  the  D.  C. ;  but 
there  were  classifications  before  the  D.  C.,  and 
we  hope  there  will  be  after  it.  The  main  idea 
of  a  classification,  as  I  understand  it,  is  to  have 
an  orderly  arrangement  of  ideas  and  of  knowl- 
edge. The  trouble  is  that  most  classifications 
have  been  rather  arbitrarily  made.  They  are 
classifications  of  ideas  and  of  knowledge  rather 
than  of  books,  and  it  is  sometimes  impossible 
to  make  the  classification  of  ideas  and  knowl- 
edge coincide  with  the  classification  of  books. 
You  see  that  fact  most  prominently  in  college 
libraries  where  there  are  professors  with  omniv- 
orous tastes,  who  want  the  books  that  are  in 
any  way  related  to  their  department  in  that  de- 
partment. 

But  the  main  idea  of  a  classification  should 
be  to  keep  books  on  a  subject  together,  and  to 
keep  them  together  in  a  classification  which  will 
allow  of  extension,  and,  if  necessary,  of  re- 
moving the  books. 

There  is  no  fixed  law  and  gospel  about  clas- 
sification. If  a  book  will  be  used  more  in  one 
class  than  another,  and  is  somewhat  related  to 
that  first  class,  or  if  it  is  bought  for  a  particular 
purpose  or  by  a  particular  fund,  put  it  in  that 
place,  and  don't  feel  that  you  are  bound  by 
the  laws  of  the  Medes  and  Persians,  or  any 
other  laws,  to  put  it  where  you  don't  want  it. 

Another  idea  about  classification  has  special 
reference  to  the  Decimal  classification.  You 
will  be  often  puzzled  by  some  books.  They 
seem  to  cover  certain  subjects,  and  yet  some 
of  them  don't  seem  to  cover  much  of  anything; 
in  that  case  it  is  a  good  rule  to  put  the 
books  somewhere  and  let  them/go.  I  always 
work  on  the  plan  that  a  book  that  does  not  tell 
much  about  anything  is  not  good  for  much  of 
anything. 

The  classification  of  books  should  be  done  as 
rapidly  as  is  consistent  with  a  measurable 
amount  of  accuracy.  Accuracy  is  a  relative 
term.  What  would  be  a  superlative  of  ac- 
curacy in  a  small  circulating  library  would  not 
approach  anything  like  accuracy  in  a  profes- 
sional library,  or  where  a  library  is  divided  up 


FIFTH  SESSION. 


121 


into  very  close  classes.  You  must  judge  the 
amount  of  accuracy  and  the  fineness  of  your 
classification  by  your  circumstances,  and  my 
rule  for  beginners  in  library  work  always  is  to 
be  independent,  and  to  do  in  their  library  as 
they  think  should  be  done  ;  not  to  be  gov- 
erned always  or  in  any  way  by  what  another 
library  does.  Last  year  this  question  came  up 
in  the  classification  of  Field's  "  Love-affairs  of 
a  bibliomaniac."  Some  people  bought  the  book 
and  put  it  into  bibliography.  It  is  a  pleasant 
little  book,  and  has  as  much  bibliography  in  it 
as  anything  else.  Others  put  it  in  literature, 
and  then  both  seemed  to  be  in  doubt  as  to 
whether  they  had  done  the  right  thing.  I  told 
them  to  put  it  where  they  wanted  it,  where 
people  looked  for  it,  and  where  they  would  be 
most  liable  to  find  it  in  the  shelves. 

Another  thing  about  fineness  of  classification. 
As  I  said  before,  I  am  not  in  favor  of  fine  points 
in  classification  in  small  libraries  or  those  just 
started.  Use  a  rough  classification  and  get 
your  books  massed  together.  That  is  espe- 
cially desirable  in  these  days  of  open  shelves. 
Now  that  the  public  can  get  to  the  books,  I 
think  we  have  passed,  as  a  general  thing,  in 
our  public  libraries,  the  days  when  we  need 
very  minute  classification  and  cataloging. 

As  to  the  question  how  classification  should 
not  be  done,  it  should  not  be  done  by  a  library 
according  to  its  own  particular  fad  or  to  suit 
its  own  purposes.  Sometimes  classifications 
are  badly  strained  to  suit  the  librarian,  because 
he  likes  to  get  all  books  that  relate  to  the  same 
thing  together.  I  don't  think  we  have  very 
many  of  those  librarians  in  this  country,  but 
they  do  exist.  They  fill  the  whole  library  full 
of  spiritualism,  for  instance,  and  they  put  every- 
thing that  has  any  spirits  in  that  class. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  What  would  you  say  of  a 
library  that  did  not  have  a  classification  at 
all? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  In  that  case  I  don't  know  what 
you  would  do  with  the  librarian.  The  best 
thing  would  be  to  let  him  go  on  until  he  saw 
the  error  of  his  ways.  Sooner  or  later  the  li- 
brarian will  see  the  necessity  of  some  sort  of 
a  classification.  The  worst  evils  of  classifica- 
tion are  where  the  librarian  is  hide-bound  to  an 
old  system,  and  can't  see  the  necessity  of  turn- 
ing it  into  a  living  system. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  But  say  they  had  500 
books,  and  asked  what  would  be  the  advantage 


to  them  of  putting  those  books  in  five  or  10 
classes,  what  would  be  the  argument  to  use? 

Dr.  WIRE — If  they  had  only  two  books  by 
one  author,  they  would  be  able  to  find  those 
two  books  better  classified  than  if  they  were  in 
accession  order.  Of  course,  the  difficulty  is  to 
find  the  books  on  the  shelves  as  they  stand;  it 
is  easy  enough  to  find  them  in  a  catalog  or  a 
classification.  I  know  one  librarian  who  used 
to  say:  "Well,  it  doesn't  make  much  difference 
how  books  stand  on  the  shelves.  They  are  to- 
gether in  the  catalog."  The  result  is  that  in 
libraries  classified  on  that  plan  it  sometimes 
takes  five  minutes  for  the  attendants  to  get  a 
dozen  books  that  are  in  the  same  classification, 
because  they  are  scattered  in  different  parts  of 
the  library. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  Suppose  the  librarian 
says  :  "I  know  every  book  in  the  library,  and 
I  can  put  my  hand  on  it  in  the  dark." 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  In  a  small  library  like  that  you 
can't  do  very  much  with  the  librarian  until  the 
library  grows.  In  a  library  of  500  or  2000  vol- 
umes the  librarian  finds  the  books  in  that  way, 
and  if  they  are  standing  on  the  shelves  in  ac- 
cession order,  let  them  stay  there.  It  does 
seem  to  be  a  good  deal  of  red  tape  to  have 
four  or  five  hundred  books  scattered  around  in 
different  classes,  with  perhaps  one  book  in  a 
class  ;  but  of  course  we  are  used  to  it,  and  it  is 
our  method  of  working. 

Miss  L.  E.  STEARNS. — Would  you  start  a 
small  library  on  the  D.  C.  plan? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  think  I  should,  with  the  three- 
figure  system.  It  is  preferable  to  leaving  them 
to  their  own  vagaries,  because  you  don't  know 
where  they  will  bring  up,  and  we  have  the  force 
of  example  where  this  system  is  used  in  a  great 
many  cities.  I  should  advise  the  use  of  the  D. 
C.  by  small  libraries  in  starting. 

Miss  M.  Z.  CRUICE.  — Have  there  been  many 
objections  to  the  Decimal  classification  when 
used  in  philosophical  and  scientific  libraries? 

Dr.  WIRE. — There  are  a  great  many  criti- 
cisms, chiefly  among  professors,  who  cannot 
agree  on  the  Decimal  classification.  The  sci- 
ences are  constantly  changing,  and  in  some  of 
the  natural  and  physical  sciences,  such  as  the 
developments  in  electricity,  you  cannot  begin  to 
keep  up  with  the  changes  ;  but  I  know  that  the 
Decimal  classification  is  used  in  some  large  li- 
braries, and  if  I  am  not  mistaken  it  is  still  fol- 
lowed quite  closely  in  Columbia.  They  have 


122 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


discontinued  it  in  some  of  the  departments,  but 
I  think  it  still  obtains  in  the  department  of 
science. 

Miss  CRUICE.  —  In  the  library  to  which  I  be- 
long they  want  to  change  their  system,  and 
they  want  to  know  the  best.  I  want  to  know  of 
any  scientific  library  that  has  used  the  Dewey 
system  and  found  it  successful. 

Dr.  WIRE.  — I  can't  now  think  of  any  large 
scientific  library  that  is  using  the  Decimal  sys- 
tem. The  Academy  of  Sciences  in  this  city  I 
believe  has  a  classification  of  its  own.  The  E. 
C.  will  be  very  full  in  sciences,  but  it  will  be 
some  time  before  it  is  out.  It  will  be  fine 
enough  to  use  in  a  large  scientific  library.  I 
have  just  had  a  letter  from  Mr.  Cutter,  who  has 
got  down  as  far  as  H,  and  is  on  the  seventh 
classification.  I  should  advise  using  the  Deci- 
mal classification  in  natural  sciences,  for  I  think 
it  is  the  best.  I  wish  I  could  tell  you  of  some 
large  society  library  that  is  classified  by  it.  The 
objections  in  many  cases  come  not  so  much  from 
anything  against  the  classification  as  from  some 
other  point.  I  think  I  may  safely  recommend 
it  as  being  the  best  for  the  purpose. 

Miss  CRUICE.  —  I  know  the  Franklin  Institute 
is  changing  to  the  Dewey. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  That  would  be  a  very  good 
voucher  for  you.  In  that  you  have  the  example 
of  one  of  the  best  scientific  libraries  in  the 
United  States. 

Miss  CRUICE.  —  The  Franklin  Institute  is  just 
trying  it ;  they  have  not  experienced  whether  it 
is  going  to  be  successful  or  not.  If  I  knew 
some  library  that  had  found  it  to  be  successful, 
it  would  be  better. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  Mr.  Eastman,  do  you  know  of 
any  scientific  library  that  is  using  the  D.  C.? 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  No  ;  the  scientific  libra- 
ries are  older  than  the  classifications. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  Yes;  they  think  they  have  the 
superiority  of  age,  and  are  loath  to  change,  and 
in  some  cases  cannot  change  because  they  have 
not  the  money  to  do  it  with. 

Miss  J.  S.  HEYDRICK. — What  would  you 
advise  as  to  the  number  of  decimals  to  be  used 
in  a  library  of  15,000  or  20,000  volumes  — as  to 
the  number  of  places  beyond  the  decimal  point, 
and  in  what  classes  to  use  these  larger  num- 
bers ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  do  not  generally  approve  of 
using  more  than  three  figures  beyond  the  deci- 


mal point  for  a  library  of  that  size,  and  the  three 
figures  I  only  use  as  a  general  thing  in  the 
physical  sciences  and  in  some  places  in  litera- 
ture. The  amount  of  philosophy  and  theology 
that  you  would  have  in  a  library  of  that  size 
could  easily  go  inside  of  three  figures.  In  so- 
ciology and  in  classifying  some  of  the  govern- 
ment publications,  you  will  have  to  use  in  some 
cases  the  full  three  figures.  You  will  not,  as  a 
general  thing,  have  anything  in  philology  that 
will  necessitate  a  number  beyond  the  decimal 
point,  but  in  the  5005  and  6oos  you  will  proba- 
bly have  to  use  the  full  three  figures.  In  liter- 
ature you  may  have  to  use  some  of  the  three 
figures.  Of  course,  if  you  should  have  quite  a 
little  Ibsen  literature,  for  example,  you  will 
have  to  go  down  into  the  finer  figures,  but  it  is 
then  a  question  whether  you  cannot  put  "I" 
after  the  number  and  let  it  go. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  For  a  person  beginning  work 
in  a  library  of  16,000  books,  would  you  recom- 
mend the  abridged  D.  C.? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  should. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  And  you  would  continue  it  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  Most  certainly.  You  can  build 
on  it,  and  eventually  you  can  re-classify.  You 
won't  use  it  in  fiction  or  juvenile  anyway,  and 
you  can  build  on  it  afterwards. 

A  MEMBER.  —  In  the  classification  in  history 
do  you  advise  not  to  go  beyond  the  three  deci- 
mal figures  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  don't  generally  go  beyond 
that,  even  in  a  library  of  15,000  or  20,000 
volumes,  if  I  can  help  it.  Of  course  if  you  go 
into  some  of  the  minor  European  states,  you 
have  to  use  some  of  the  smaller  figures.  You 
won't  have  enough  French  or  English  history 
to  have  to  use  many  of  the  finer  sub-divis- 
ions. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  I  have  found  in  a  library  of 
16,000  books  that  ordinarily  two  figures  beyond 
a  decimal  is  enough. 

A  MEMBER.  —  In  a  very  small  library  would 
you  have  less  than  the  original  three  figures  ? 
Would  you  have  92  for  biography,  or  91  for 
travel,  for  instance  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  don't  think  so.  In  biography 
I  don't  use  the  numbers  at  all.  I  simply  put 
biography  in  an  alphabetical  arrangement. 

A  MEMBER.  —  But  in  collective  biography  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  For  a  small  library  I  would  use 
920.  For  a  library  of  15,000  or  20,000  volumes, 


FIFTH  SESSION. 


123 


in  collective  biography,  I  have  to  use  two  or 
three  figures  beyond  the  decimal  point,  in,  for 
instance,  Stephens'  "  National  biography,"  and 
to  bring  it  down  to  the  country  sub-division, 
because  you  will  have  Stephens,  Rose,  and 
some  others,  and  you  want  all  your  English 
biographies  to  stand  together,  so  you  would 
have  to  use  three  figures  there. 

Miss  VAN  HOEVENBERG.  —  Do  you  advise  in 
classifying  or  re-classifying,  instead  of  using 
the  D.  C.,  to  consult  other  catalogs,  such  as  the 
Osterhout,  Jersey  City,  or  others,  and  adopt 
their  classifications  bodily,  without  spending 
your  time  looking  at  the  books  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  don't  do  that  myself,  because 
I  can  use  the  D.  C.  very  well.  Of  course,  after 
one  has  become  a  little  expert  in  it,  he  can 
write  a  good  many  numbers  without  using  the 
D.  C.  at  all. 

Miss  VAN  HOEVENBERG.  —  But  at  the  same 
time  you  are  looking  up  the  names,  and  it  is 
often  a  good  deal  of  help,  particularly  to  be- 
ginners. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  suppose  it  is  so,  but  I  don't 
do  any  classification  in  connection  with  catalog- 
ing. Where  you  are  cataloging  and  classifying 
together  it  would  be  a  help,  but  I  would  not 
lean  too  much  on  the  other  catalogs,  because 
they  are  classified  according  to  some  other  per- 
son's ideas,  and  I  want  to  go  in  my  own  way. 

Miss  VAN  HOEVENBERG.  —  If  you  are  doubt- 
ful about  it,  wouldn't  you  want  to  look  up  the 
book? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  never  look  up  a  book  when  I 
am  doubtful  about  it,  because  you  never  know 
where  to  end  if  you  begin  that  process. 

Miss  VAN  HOEVENBERG.  —  In  the  classifica- 
tion of  administration  why  can't  we  change  350 
to  330  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  think  if  I  had  much  adminis- 
tration that  I  wanted  to  put  in  political  economy* 
I  would  certainly  put  it  there. 

Miss  VAN  HOEVENBERG.  —  But  it  follows  very 
closely  after  the  books  on  political  science. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  That  is  one  trouble.  I  don't 
know  anyone  who  is  satisfied  with  the  350  part 
of  the  D.  C.,  but  in  many  small  libraries  there 
will  not  be  many  books  intervening. 

Miss  VAN  HOEVENBERG.  —  Would  there  be 
much  difficulty  in  changing  350  to  330? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  There  would  hot,  but  if  you 
once  begin  to  change  you  get  into  trouble.  I 


generally  advise  following  the  D.  C.  If  you 
can't  do  that,  then  I  advise  taking  the  E.  C.,  or 
making  up  a  classification  of  your  own. 

Miss  T.  L.  KELSO.  —  It  is  a  very  fatal  mis- 
take to  be  guided  only  by  the  D.  C.  in  all  classes. 
In  pedagogics,  for  instance,  the  D.  C.  will  carry 
many  of  the  books  on  pedagogical  psychology 
and  other  related  topics  into  the  loos. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  put  such  books  into  300. 

Miss  KELSO.  —  But  not  if  you  follow  the 
D.  C. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  The  question  asked  was  whether 
we  could  push  330  forward  and  put  the  3503 
into  330,  and  that  I  don't  advise.  But  in  psy- 
chology of  education  I  simply  put  psychology 
of  education  into  education.  I  don't  like 
psychology  anyway.  Some  of  you  may  know 
why  psychology  was  so  large  a  division  in  the 
D.  C.  They  had  a  large  library  on  psychology 
in  Amherst,  and  it  and  religion  were  given  a 
full  200  numbers,  when  they  ought  to  have 
gone  into  100.  Law  and  medicine  are  put  into 
100. 

We  will  now  pass  to  cataloging,  and  I  will 
read  some  notes  I  wrote  a  while  ago  entitled, 

SOME   HERESIES   IN   CATALOGING. 
(See  p.  62.) 

Miss  LINDA  A.  EASTMAN.  —  There  is  one  point 
that  I  think  should  be  sufficiently  considered, 
and  that  is  in  the  large  libraries  where  there 
are  a  great  many  attendants,  and  often  new  peo- 
ple coming  in  who  have  to  take  hold  and  wait 
on  the  public,  I  do  believe  most  heartily  in  ana- 
lyticals  and  in  cross-references. 

Dr.  WIRE.  — I  think  so,  in  a  large  library.  In 
the  Cleveland  Public  Library  there  are  a  num- 
ber of  attendants,  but  I  am  speaking  more  par- 
ticularly about  the  small  libraries.  Even  in  a 
large  library  I  believe  in  taking  my  attendants 
in  hand  so  that  they  don't  have  to  use  a  catalog. 

Miss  EASTMAN.  —  It  takes  some  time  to  train 
an  attendant  to  know  100,000  books  and  their 
contents. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  No  one  attendant  is  supposed  to 
know  them  all.  They  are  divided  into  sections. 

Miss  EASTMAN.  —  But  they  are  liable  to  be 
changed  around,  and  my  experience  has  been 
that  the  analytical  has  been  as  helpful  as  any- 
thing in  the  whole  work  in  making  the  assist- 
ants really  helpful  to  the  public,  even  where  we 
have  free  access. 


124 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Dr.  WIRE.  —  Of  course  there  is  a  good  deal 
in  that,  but  there  is  also  another  point  against 
analyticals.  The  work  we  are  doing  in  print 
throws  out  those  analyticals  largely.  "  Poole's 
index "  throws  out  the  analytical  work  that 
used  to  be  done  in  the  Peabody  Library. 

Miss  KELSO.  —  Take  the  case  of  a  small  li- 
brary where  there  is  only  one  librarian  who 
carries  the  catalog  in  his  head,  and  suppose 
that  librarian  dies,  what  will  you  do  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  The  next  librarian  will  come  in 
and  make  a  catalog  for  himself. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  I  went  without  a  catalog 
for  a  long  time.  I  knew  something  about 
all  the  books,  because  I  began  work  with  the 
library  when  it  began,  and  as  the  books  came 
in  I  knew  them.  There  came  a  time  when  the 
library  began  to  grow  larger,  and  if  I  was  not 
there  the  books  could  not  be  found  very  readily, 
so  I  suggested  that  it  would  be  a  good  thing  to 
have  a  catalog.  We  immediately  classified  our 
books,  arranged  them  on  the  shelves,  and 
made  a  card  catalog.  We  found  that  ordinarily 
people  didn't  care  for  the  catalog,  but  after  be- 
ing shown  it  they  seemed  to  like  it,  and  they 
are  using  it  much  more  than  formerly.  We 
have  open  shelves  and  the  books  classified  on 
the  shelves,  but  I  think  a  certain  amount  of 
analysis  is  necessary  in  a  catalog,  not  only  for 
the  librarian,  but  for  the  readers,  and  especially 
for  the  public  school  children. 

Miss  N.  E.  BROWNE. —  May  I  say  that  Mrs. 
Sanders'  is  not  a  dictionary  catalog,  but  a  classed 
catalog  ? 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  — Yes  ;  ours  is  a  classed  cata- 
log, and  I  would  like  to  know  how  many  here 
have  classed  catalogs,  and  how  many  dictionary 
catalogs  ? 

(A  show  of  hands  was  had,  which  indicated 
that  12  of  those  present  had  classed  catalogs, 
and  32  had  dictionary  catalogs.) 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  I  should  like  a  good  opinion 
of  the  preference  for  the  classed  catalog  ex- 
pressed. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  — The  classed  catalog  gives 
everybody  an  idea  of  what  there  is  in  the  li- 
brary and  just  what  the  books  are,  and  cor- 
responds exactly  with  the  books  on  the 
shelves. 

A  MEMBER.  —  Don't  you  have  a  shelf  list 
anyway,  and  doesn't  that  take  the  place  of  a 
classed  catalog  ? 


S.  H.  BERRY. — The  shelf  list  must  be  ar- 
ranged as  the  books  are  on  the  shelves.  Most 
people  have  not  the  time  to  find  out  the  arrange- 
ment of  the  books  on  the  shelves.  The  dic- 
tionary catalog  is  arranged  like  a  dictionary, 
and  everybody  knows  where  to  find  a  book.  I 
believe  if  I  were  making  a  thousand  new  cata- 
logs I  would  use  the  dictionary  form. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN. —  The  best  thing  for  the 
reader  is  to  go  to  the  shelves  and  the  books. 
The  next  best  thing  is  to  have  a  reproduction 
of  the  shelves.  The  educational  value  of  a 
classification  is  another  point.  Young  persons 
in  the  schools,  particularly,  see  the  various 
classes  of  history,  travel,  and  biography,  and 
those  are  arranged  in  their  minds.  Let  the 
class  list  reproduce  the  same  thing,  and  they 
very  soon  look  at  the  headings,  and  know  under 
which  heading  the  desired  book  is  to  be  found, 
and  so  they  have  a  classified  mind  as  well  as  a 
classified  library. 

Miss  BROWNE.  —  I  personally  do  not  like  to 
use  a  dictionary  catalog.  Every  one  says  that 
people  can  use  a  dictionary  catalog,  but  I  find, 
as  the  sequence  of  the  alphabet  is  not  taught  in 
the  public  schools,  ability  to  use  the  dictionary 
is  somewhat  lessened.  But,  granted  that  read- 
ers can  use  a  dictionary  catalog,  what  I  would 
like  to  see  would  be  a  class  catalog  which  in- 
cludes not  only  the  books  as  they  are  on  the 
shelves,  but  analytically  arranged  in  class  order. 
Then  have  a  subject  index,  mixing  in  alphabeti- 
cal order  authors  and  titles,  so  that  when  you 
look  at  the  catalog  for  a  certain  subject  you  can 
look  in  the  mixed  catalog  for  those  details.  In 
this  form  you  have  the  advantage  of  the  dic- 
tionary catalog,  if  there  is  an  advantage,  and 
you  have  the  advantage  of  the  class  catalog 
without  its  disadvantages. 

A  MEMBER.  —  I  would  like  to  know  if  libra- 
rians have  ever  made  any  effort  to  teach  the  se- 
quence of  the  alphabet  in  the  public  schools, 
and  give  a  little  idea  of  how  to  use  a  dictionary 
.and  how  to  use  reference  books. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  I  am  doing  that  always.  I 
find  there  is  just  as  much  need  of  teachers 
learning  about  the  use  of  catalogs  as  there  is 
for  pupils. 

Miss  EASTMAN. — The  need  we  all  realize  so 
fully  of  having  the  use  of  the  dictionary  taught 
will  be  accomplished  more  completely  if  libra- 
rians take  hold  of  it  and  enforce  the  teaching 


FIFTH  SESSION. 


in  everyway  possible.  We  must  bring  teachers 
to  realize  the  need  of  teaching  the  use  of  the 
dictionary  and  the  catalog. 

Miss  HELEN  E.  .HAINES.  —  If  I  may  speak 
from  long  experience  as  a  user  of  a  library,  and 
not  as  a  librarian  —  and  I  don't  think  this  stand- 
point is  out  of  place  here,  because  you  are  all 
looking  at  the  subject  as  librarians  —  as  a  user 
of  a  library,  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  compari- 
son in  convenience  or  comfort  or  adaptability 
between  a  dictionary  and  a  classed  catalog. 
With  a  dictionary  catalog  you  can  find  what 
you  look  for  promptly  and  without  trouble. 
When  you  come  to  explore  a  classification,  you 
may  just  about  as  well  give  it  up,  if  you  are  not 
pretty  well  versed  in  library  technicalities.  As 
to  a  card  catalog,  it  does  not  seem  to  me  that 
there  can  be  any  question,  in  the  mind  of  the 
reader,  as  to  the  superiority  of  a  printed  cata- 
log for  the  public.  A  card  catalog  causes  more 
profanity,  suffering,  and  distress  among  users 
of  a  public  library  than  almost  any  other  de- 
vice, if  there  is  not  a  printed  catalog  to  supple- 
ment it.  People  do  not  understand  how  to  use 
it.  Not  long  ago  a  woman  came  into  a  library, 
went  to  the  librarian,  and  asked,  "  Where  can  I 
look  for  a  book?"  The  librarian  said,  "  Look 
in  the  cabinets  over  there,  and  you  can  find  any 
book  you  want."  The  reader  went  to  the  card 
catalog  ;  she  lingered  over  it  painfully  for  a 
long  time  ;  she  opened  all  the  drawers,  and 
looked  very  unhappy.  Finally  the  librarian 
went  to  her  and  said,  "  Haven't  you  found  a 
book  yet?"  "No,"  she  answered;  "they 
aren't  here.  There  is  nothing  in  these  drawers 
but  cards." 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  I  think  myself  that  it  is  more  or 
less  a  waste  of  time  and  money  in  these  days 
of  open  shelves  to  pay  so  much  attention  to  the 
catalog.  However,  this  is  not  a  hard  and  fast 
rule,  and  I  am  speaking  more  particularly  about 
the  catalogs  in  some  of  the  large  libraries  where 
they  have  become  fearful  and  wonderful  things 
that  no  one  could  understand.  A  catalog  should 
be  for  the  purpose  of  finding  books  and  telling 
what  is  in  the  library.  The  idea  that  a  card  in 
a  cabinet  represents  a  book  does  not  enter  the 
heads  of  a  good  many  readers  until  they  have 
had  some  experience.  Some  of  them  think  the 
cards  are  call-slips.  All  that  must  be  taken  into 
consideration,  and  in  educating  people  up  to 
using  a  card  catalog  I  think  there  is  a  good  deal 
of  waste  of  time  and  labor.  As  Miss  Haines 


said,  I  think  the  card  catalog  is  responsible  for 
more  iniquity  and  hardness  of  the  public  heart 
than  anything  else  I  know  of. 

I  wanted  to  say  one  thing  more  about  rules. 
I  don't  believe  in  having  a  cataloger  just  start- 
ing in  tied  by  rules.  It  is  the  blind  following 
of  rules  that  makes  the  trouble  in  card  catalogs. 
It  is  only  within  a  few  years  that  the  A.  L.  A. 
would  permit  the  use  of  the  names  of  George 
Eliot  and  George  Sand  and  Charles  Dickens, 
for  instance,  in  the  catalog.  We  were  tied  up 
to  a  rigid  lot  of  rules,  and  the  public  were  sup- 
posed to  take  a  great  deal  of  delight,  when  they 
wanted  to  find  "Nicholas  Nickleby,"  for  in- 
stance, in  chasing  for  it  from  "Dickens, 
Charles,"  to  "  Dickens,  J:  C:  Huffam." 

S.  H.  BERRY.  —  That  is  very  well,  but  some 
of  us  remember  when  we  had  to  do  our  catalog- 
ing without  any  rules,  and  it  was  an  endless 
confusion.  It  is  now  a  great  delight  that  we 
have  rules,  even  though  one  has  to  make  a  new 
rule  every  few  days.  It  is  quite  important  that 
we  should  have  our  book  of  printed  rules  and  a 
note-book  of  manuscript  rules  added  to  it.  Sup- 
pose we  reach  a  book  that  we  are  in  doubt 
about  cataloging,  we  want  to  know,  when  we 
come  to  another  one  of  the  same  sort,  what  we 
did  with  the  first  one.  It  is  well  to  have  on 
record  everything  we  do  in  these  peculiar  cases, 
because  all  these  cases  are  going  to  be  dupli- 
cated some  day. 

Miss  M.  E.  AHERN.  —  It  occurs  to  me  that  a 
great  deal  of  the  confusion  in  which  the  public 
are  with  regard  to  the  card  catalog,  is  in  a  meas- 
ure due  to  the  librarian.  Generally  the  post  of 
honor  in  a  large  library  is  in  the  cataloging- 
room.  If  you  are  in  the  cataloging  department 
you  are  part  of  the  machinery  that  moves  the 
whole  institution.  The  librarian,  in  talking  to 
the  people  of  a  small  town  about  the  importance 
of  the  public  library  and  the  great  help  it  is 
going  to  be  to  them,  never  fails  to  mention  the 
fine  card  catalog  they  are  going  to  have,  and 
gives  a  few  mystifying  touches  with  regard  to 
it  that  mislead  the  public,  so  that  when  they 
come  to  the  card  catalog  they  are  just  a  little 
afraid  to  open  those  drawers,  for  fear  something 
will  come  out  that  they  never  saw  before.  And 
it  seems  to  me  that  we  have  been  a  little  harder 
on  the  schools  than  we  ought  to  be.  I  don't 
believe  there  is  a  school  in  the  United  States 
to-day  that  doesn't  make  copious  use  of  a  dic- 
tionary, nor  do  I  believe  that  people  generally 


126 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE, 


are  so  ignorant  about  what  a  dictionary  is  as 
has  been  said. 

Miss  KELSO.  —  One  important  point  that 
has  been  overlooked  is  that  in  most  small  libra- 
ries the  cataloger  and  the  librarian  are  one  and 
the  same  person,  who  has  just  about  as  much 
as  she  can  do  in  attending  to  the  library.  Then 
when  she  has  a  few  odd  moments  she  writes 
cards.  My  advice  to  the  beginner  is  to  make 
an  author  and  title  list,  to  have  a  few  simple 
rules,  and  to  follow  those,  k  is  very  easy  to 
plan  largely  if  you  have  a  dozen  or  so  people  to 
carry  out  the  plans,  but  the  librarian  of  a  small 
library  must  wait  until  the  good  time  comes, 
and  she  can  send  for  one  of  the  people  who 
have  mastered  cataloging.  It  is,  you  know, 
possible  to  hire  such  a  person.  You  can  then 
go  to  your  board  and  say,  "We  do  not  under- 
stand this  mysterious  science,  but  here  is  a  crea- 
ture that  does  know  it.  She  is  to  be  bought  ; 
let  us  buy  her.  Let  us  not  worry  in  the  least 
over  these  strange  details,  because  we  can  buy 
the  knowledge  of  what  to  do  and  how  to  do  it." 

Miss  HELEN  G.  SHELDON  then  read  a  paper  on 

CHARGING   SYSTEMS. 

(See  p.  63.) 

Miss  L.  E.  STEARNS.  —  In  the  two-book  sys- 
tem, if  you  use  but  one  card  and  stamp  the 
dates  on  the  card,  how  are  you  going  to  tell 
whether  the  fiction  is  returned  or  the  non-fic- 
tion ? 

Miss  SHELDON.  —  There  are  a  number  of  dif- 
ferent methods  used  in  the  two-book  system. 
The  Philadelphia  Free  Library  has  but  one 
card  ;  they  stamp  the  date,  and  just  after  that, 
if  the  book  is  a  classified  book  and  not  from  fic- 
tion, they  put  a  letter  C  in  pencil.  If  a  novel 
was  taken  out  at  the  same  time,  the  date  would 
simply  be  stamped  and  nothing  would  appear 
opposite  it.  It  is  thus  easy  to  see  when  the 
reader  returns  his  book  whether  he  has  brought 
back  the  novel  or  the  other,  and  which  one  is  to 
be  stamped  off. 

Miss  STEARNS.  —  That  is,  if  the  assistant  re- 
members to  put  on  the  letter  C. 

Miss  SHELDON.  —  The  assistant  should  re- 
member to  put  on  the  letter  C.  Of  course  mis- 
takes will  occur.  There  is  an  article  by  Mr. 
Jones  in  the  Library  Journal  [i  895  :  168-172] 
on  that  subject,  in  which  he  gives  communica- 
tions from  a  number  of  librarians,  some  advo- 
cating two  cards,  some  advocating  only  one 
card,  and  I  believe  it  is  not  yet  decided  which 
is  better.  I  have  sometimes  used  different 


inks  for  stamping  the  class-books  and  fiction, 
and  various  other  devices.  Some  libraries 
write  a  call-number  opposite  the  date-stamp. 

BOOK-POCKETS  AND  BOOK  MARKS. 

S.  H.  BERRY.  —  Some  years  ago  we  put  the 
date  on  the  reader's  card  and  put  the  card  in 
the  book-pocket,  and  we  found  that  the  reader 
forgot  all  about  the  date,  as  he  did  not  see  it. 
I  then  had  a  book-mark  printed,  stating,  in  the 
centre  of  the  book-mark,  that  the  book  drawn 
on  the  first  date  would  be  due  on  the  second 
date,  and  I  put  a  few  of  those  on  the  delivery- 
desk  and  let  the  readers  help  themselves  when 
they  drew  books.  The  book-mark  is  in  the 
right  place  when  they  are  reading  the  book, 
and  they  are  likely  to  see  the  date  once  in 
a  while  and  be  reminded  when  the  book  is  due. 
This  is  a  good  scheme  to  let  readers  know 
when  their  books  are  due  at  the  library,  and  it 
can  be  done  with  little  cost,  because  we  have 
used  it  for  advertising.  We  furnished  the  ma- 
terial for  the  one  side  of  the  mark,  and  the  ad- 
vertisers supplied  it  for  the  other,  and  they 
paid  the  bill. 

Miss  KELSO.  —  I  would  like  to  ask,  does  any- 
body use  a  book-mark  nowadays  ?  We  have 
talked  a  good  deal  about  book-marks  for  library 
books  lately,  but  I  never  met  anybody  who  used 
one.  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  meet  Miss 
James,  of  the  People's  Palace,  some  years  ago, 
and  she  told  me  of  a  book-pocket  device  she 
used.  It  is  a  thin  slip  of  manila  paper,  pasted 
in  the  front  part  of  the  book.  This  device, 
which  I  adopted  and  by  which  we  were  able  to 
circulate  300  books  an  hour,  is  simple.  It  can 
be  handled  in  about  the  ratio  of  five  to  one 
times  more  speedily  than  the  book-pocket.  I 
used  it  in  Los  Angeles,  and  many  other  people 
used  it  afterwards,  and  I  do  not  think  you  can 
get  one  who  has  used  it  to  go  back  to  the  book- 
pocket,  which  is  clumsy  and  difficult  to  insert. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  We  have  a  book-mark  which 
was  evolved  from  the  information-desk.  I  have 
in  front  of  my  desk  a  notice,  "  Ask  for  any- 
thing you  want  to  know,"  and  one  day  it  seemed 
to  me  that  it  was  quite  as  important  to  draw 
people  to  the  library  to  ask  for  things  as  it  was 
to  have  them  ask  when  they  got  there.  I  could 
think  of  no  better  way  to  do  this  than  by  a 
book-mark,  not  to  tell  them  when  their  books 
were  due,  but  to  tell  them  what  they  would  find 
when  they  got  to  the  library  —  and  one  of  our 
prominent  merchants  co-operated  with  me  in 
making  it  up.  We  had  a  book-mark  printed, 


FIFTH  SESSION. 


127 


which  said  on  one  side,  "When  in  doubt  on 
any  subject  consult  the  Public  Library."  The 
merchant's  advertisement  was  on  the  other  side. 
After  using  it  for  a  time  some  of  our  readers 
thought  it  was  not  quite  dignified,  and  in  place 
of  it  we  had  new  marks  printed,  with  "When 
in  doubt  on  any  subject  consult  the  Public 
Library"  on  one  side,  and  on  the  other,  "  The 
library  is  a  great  kingdom."  We  put  those  in 
our  books,  and  I  judge  of  their  use  by  the  very 
great  increase  in  the  number  of  questions  asked 
at  the  desk. 

Miss  M.  B.  LINDSAY.  — We  have  just  adopted 
a  book-mark.  On  one  side  we  have  placed  the 
rules  in  regard  to  soiling  books  and  turning 
down  leaves,  and  we  find  that  useful.  On  the 
other  side  we  have  a  small  space  reserved  for 
calling  attention  to  some  special  books.  The 
first  one  stated,  "  Read  the  history  of  your  own 
town,"  and  we  gave  what  books  we  had  on  our 
own  city.  We  then  followed  it  with,  "  Read 
the  books  on  your  own  state."  We  expect  to 
have  this  book-mark  stereotyped. 

Miss  M.  S.  R.  JAMES.  —  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  if  anybody  who  has  used  book-marks  has 
found  that  the  thumb-marks  and  the  turning 
down  of  the  leaves  have  diminished. 

E.  S.  WILLCOX.  —  In  order  to  arrive  at  a 
definite  answer  to  that  question  we  would  have 
to  have  a  committee  to  investigate  the  matter 
for  about  a  year  and  examine  the  books  as 
they  came  in.  I  don't  believe  it  is  possible  to 
give  a  satisfactory  answer  to  the  question. 
Books  will  get  worn  and  thumb-marked  and 
dog-eared  more  or  less.  Whether  or  not  the 
use  of  the  book-mark  will  diminish  that  to  a 
certain  extent,  say  five  or  10  per  cent.,  is  be- 
yond the  power  of  any  of  us  to  tell  at  present. 

Miss  M.  E.  AHERN.  —  At  a  library  meeting 
in  Illinois  this  year  I  was  told  that  the  use 
of  book-marks  caused  less  wear  of  the  books, 
and  that  fewer  stray  articles  were  found  in 
them. 

E.  S.  WILLCOX.  —  My  idea  in  getting  up  a 
book-mark  really  related  to  two  things:  first, 
the  advantage  of  putting  our  rules  on  the  side 
of  the  mark;  and,  second,  the  stimulus  to  read- 
ing by  putting  on  other  side  a  few  of  the  great 
sayings  of  great  men  about  the  value  of  books. 

JAMES  WARRINGTON. —  I  have  seen  all  sorts  of 
things  used  as  book-marks,  from  parcels  to 
curling-irons  and  fans.  People  will  use  a  book- 
mark of  some  kind  or  other,  and  the  one  they 
will  use  will  depend  upon  the  article  which  is 
handiest  and  which  can  be  carried. 


Miss  EASTMAN. — Miss  James  maybe  inter- 
ested to  know  how  the  book-mark  has  been 
working  in  Cleveland  with  the  children.  We 
began  this  winter  using  the  Maxson  book-mark, 
which  is  a  little  thin  slip  of  paper.  We  had  an 
instance  in  regard  to  its  effect  a  few  weeks  ago. 
A  lady  was  being  interviewed  at  the  receiving- 
desk  as  to  the  condition  in  which  she  returned 
a  book.  She  was  asked  whether  it  was  in  that 
condition  when  she  received  it.  She  said  that 
it  was,  and  that  a  book  was  very  sure  to  be  re- 
turned by  her  in  the  same  condition  in  which 
she  got  it,  as  her  little  boy  was  a  member  of  the 
Library  League  and  was  using  our  book-mark. 
She  said  that  a  few  days  before  he  had  seen 
her  turning  down  a  leaf,  or  about  to  turn  it 
down,  and  had  said,  "  Mamma,  I  shall  have  to 
report  you  at  the  library  if  you  do  that."  He 
then  got  her  a  little  thin  slip  of  paper  to  mark 
her  place  with.  Our  children  are  learning  from 
the  little  story  on  the  book-mark  that  it  does 
make  a  difference  how  a  book  is  handled,  and 
we  believe  that  the  mark  is  going  to  be  of  ad- 
vantage. 

Miss  STEARNS.  —  If  any  one  wants  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  Maxson  book-mark  it  may  be  found 
in  the  Library  Journal  for  May. 

Miss  ELEANOR  H.  WOODRUFF  read  a  paper  on 

REFERENCE  WORK. 

(See  p.  65.) 

Miss  STEARNS.  —  During  the  run  of  puzzles  in 
Milwaukee  we  adopted  the  plan  of  putting  on 
reference  tables  works  that  would  be  of  assist- 
ance to  people  in  solving  them.  But  we  drew 
the  line  at  giving  individual  assistance.  Some 
librarians  adopted  the  method  of  putting  to- 
gether one  of  the  puzzles  and  posting  it  up 
with  the  solution  underneath,  but  occasional- 
ly these  librarians  erred,  and  then  there  was 
trouble  and  sorrow  in  the  hearts  of  those  who 
had  had  confidence  in  them. 

Mrs.  SANDERS.  —  I  have  enjoyed  immensely 
helping  people  put  together  or  solve  such  things. 

Miss  STEARNS. — Ought  there  not,  however, 
to  be  a  line  drawn  distinctly  in  libraries  between 
puzzles  which  are  gotten  out  purely  for  prizes, 
and  questions  that  demand  information  ?  When 
people  come  to  the  library  for  real  information, 
that  is  one  thing  ;  but  when  they  come  for  the 
sake  of  getting  a  year's  subscription  to  a  maga- 
zine or  a  dollar  and  a  half,  that  is  quite  another. 
How  far  ought  the  already  over-worked  refer- 
ence librarian  to  go  in  the  matter  of  looking  up 
prize  puzzles  ? 


128 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


S.  H.  BERRY. — The  recent  popular  puzzles 
gotten  up  by  Judqe  are  nothing  but  puns  on  the 
names  of  cities,  on  well-known  books,  etc.,  and 
there  is  no  information  about  them.  I  have  had 
a  good  many  people  come  to  me  about  them, 
and  of  course  I  gave  books  out  to  them,  but  I 
wouldn't  give  them  any  time  in  help.  I  told 
them  I  was  busy  and  that  they  would  have  to 
look  things  up  for  themselves. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  This  is  largely  a  question  of 
quantity.  Mrs.  Sanders  comes  from  a  compar- 
atively small  library  where  she  has  but  little  of 
this  sort  of  application,  but  in  Chicago  or  Mil- 
waukee you  would  be  simply  overwhelmed.  I 
do  not  think  a  reference  library  is  intended  to 
help  people  in  this  way,  but  where  it  is  only  a 
small  item,  as  in  Mrs.  Sanders'  case,  it  is  all 
right. 

Miss  LETITIA  S.  ALLEN.  —  If  we  put  a  book- 
mark in  our  books  inviting  people  to  come  to 
the  public  library  for  anything  they  wish  to 
know,  and  the  first  time  they  come  it  is  for 
some  such  information,  will  they  come  again  ? 

Dr.  WIRE.  — That  danger  exists  with  all  peo- 
ple. They  are  likely  to  interpret  such  an  in- 
vitation too  literally,  but  you  have  to  run  your 
chances  of  that.  In  some  cases  they  will  be 
overwhelmed  if  you  only  spend  a  minute  on 
them.  I  have  found  in  reference  work  that  it 
is  a  good  way  to  gauge  the  amount  of  atten- 
tion by  the  amount  a  person  will  hold,  and  the 
majority  of  them  won't  hold  very  much.  The 
point  that  Miss  Woodruff  made  about  the  ref- 
erence librarian  having  a  certain  amount  of 
what  Yankees  call  "gumption,"  and  being  able 
to  find  facts  and  the  books  on  the  shelves, 
I  think  should  rank  above  everything  else.  A 
person  going  into  a  library,  with  a  fair  amount 
of  education,  should  learn  the  books  and  learn 
how  to  handle  them,  but  if  she  has  not  that  one 
gift  she  cannot  learn.  That  gift  is  simply 
something  which  cannot  be  acquired,  though 
the  persons  lacking  it  may  get  a  certain  formula 
which  enables  them  to  answer  questions  and  do 
a  certain  amount  of  work. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  Our  rule  in  Albany  is  that 
if  a  question  takes  the  time  of  an  assistant  for 
more  than  a  few  minutes,  the  charge  is  a  dollar 
a  name.  Of  course,  everybody  is  at  liberty  to 
consult  the  books  themselves. 

JAMES  WARRINGTON.  —  Isn't  that  a  question 
for  the  individual  ?  I  don't  think  it  needs  much 
argument  that  information  given  on  such  sub- 
jects as  puzzles  is  utterly  worthless.  Of  course 
librarians  must  discriminate  between  those  who 


do  deserve  help  and  those  who  do  not.  If  a  li- 
brarian is  approached  by  a  person  who  is 
earnestly  seeking  for  information,  I  think  he 
owes  it  to  the  institution  with  which  he  is  con- 
nected to  place  every  facility  in  the  way  of  that 
person.  I  know  when  a  student  has  come  to 
me  for  information  on  a  given  question,  or  a 
scientific  man  has  come  to  me  stating  that  he 
had  to  give  a  lecture  and  he  was  rather  rusty 
on  the  subject,  I  have  sometimes  had  as  many 
as  40  or  50  books  laid  out  for  him,  and  I  never 
had  to  regret  any  trouble  taken  in  that  direc- 
tion. For  a  student  in  a  certain  line  of  research, 
all  the  help  and  all  the  information  which  a  li- 
brarian can  give  will  not  only  benefit  the  person 
to  whom  it  is  given,  but  the  giver  also  more 
than  he  thinks.  I  always  found  that  in  search- 
ing for  information  for  others,  I  was  largely 
benefited  myself,  and  hence  I  never  hesitated 
to  even  spend  days  hunting  up  subjects  for 
those  who  were  really  deserving  of  such  help. 

Miss  M.  W.  PLUMMER.  —  I  think  there  is  one 
point  that  has  been  overlooked.  It  is  some- 
times a  kinder  thing  to  teach  people  how  to 
look  for  themselves,  although  it  may  take 
longer,  than  it  is  to  find  information  for  them. 
Children  learn  very  quickly  how  to  use  a  li- 
brary, and  they  do  it  because  if  you  give  them 
a  hint  they  will  go  on  along  those  lines.  I  think 
very  often  that  to  give  a  searcher  a  hint  as  to 
how  to  go  to  work  is  really  the  most  educative 
thing  you  can  do,  and  in  a  very  short  time 
those  people  will  come  with  more  pleasure  to 
the  reference  department,  because  they  know 
how  to  use  it. 

Dr.  WIRE.  —  Miss  Plummer's  point  is  well 
taken,  and  also  Mr.  Warrington's.  It  is,  as  he 
says,  a  question  for  the  individual.  In  the 
public  libraries  the  reference  work  is  largely 
for  school  children,  and  in  many  cases  you  can 
start  them,  and  they  can  go  on  themselves. 
Certain  individuals  always  want  everything 
laid  out  for  them,  and  in  certain  reference  li- 
braries there  is  more  to  be  done  than  in  some 
of  the  other  libraries.  I  have  had  experience 
with  lawyers  and  with  college  men  and  with 
physicians,  and  of  course  that  is  entirely  out- 
side of  the  experience  of  a  public  library  with 
children.  The  reference  worker,  like  every 
other  worker  in  the  library,  will  have  to  use 
judgment  and  discretion,  and  you  must  know 
your  individual  and  how  to  take  him.  As  a 
nation  we  ought  to  pay  more  attention  to  refer- 
ence work  than  we  do.  Our  English  brothers 
and  sisters  are  doing  good  work  in  the  refer- 


SIXTH  SESSION. 


129 


ence  library  —  better  work  and  more  of  it  than 
we  are.  We  are  so  engaged  in  getting  a  large 
circulation  that  in  a  good  many  libraries  we  are 
neglecting  reference  work. 

JAMES  WARRINGTON.  —  In  speaking  of  helping 
people,  I  do  not  wish  my  words  to  convey  the 
meaning  that  I  believe  in  finding  everything 
for  everybody.  Not  at  all.  The  most  deserv- 
ing students  will  be  perfectly  satisfied  if  you 
put  them  on  the  track  of  their  subject.  I  did 
not  hunt  up  the  subjects,  but  I  found  the  books 
containing  the  material,  and  then  the  users  had 
to  search  for  themselves.  I  think  in  reference 
libraries  in  this  country  a  great  mistake  is 
made  in  keeping  the  books  away  from  the  peo- 
ple. I  have  had  libraries  of  100,000  volumes 
in  my  charge,  and  I  never  lost  one  book  a  year, 
nor  can  I  recall  more  than  one  case  of  mutila- 
tion ;  but  I  had  a  habit  which  I  do  not  find 
adopted  in  libraries  here,  and  in  neglecting 
which  a  great  mistake  is  made.  That  is,  the 
charging-desk  should  be  at  the  entrance  to  the 
library.  I  consider  this  of  vital  importance. 
Instead  of  having  the  charging-desk  in  the 
middle  of  the  library  or  at  the  far  end,  so  that 
you  do  not  see  the  people  going  in  and  out,  my 


charging-desk  was  always  at  the  entrance  of 
the  library,  so  that  persons  going  in  deposited 
their  books,  and  persons  going  out  were  sure 
to  get  their  books  registered. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  Speaking  of  the  location 
of  the  charging-desk,  I  was  much  interested  in 
a  branch  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  that 
we  visited  last  year.  Coming  into  the  room 
you  could  see  the  books  on  each  side.  You 
passed  down  about  20  or  30  feet  between  two 
rails,  passing  into  the  middle  of  the  room. 
You  could  then  go  behind  the  rails  and  consult 
the  books  with  freedom.  You  then  returned 
to  the  middle  of  the  room,  where  the  charging- 
desk  was,  and  passed  again  through  that  long 
space  before  leaving  the  room. 

Miss  EASTMAN.  —  The  first  year  we  circu- 
lated something  over  60,000  volumes  from  that 
branch.  The  yearly  report  showed  a  loss  of 
one  book. 

W:  R.  EASTMAN.  —  More  than  that,  I  think 
the  public  appreciate  the  privilege  of  going 
behind  the  railing;  the  mere  fact  that  you  have 
a  rail  there  showing  that  they  were  permitted 
to  enjoy  the  privilege  of  going  behind  it. 

Adjournment  was  taken  at  12.10. 


SIXTH  SESSION. 
(DREXEL  INSTITUTE,  THURSDAY  MORNING,  JUNE  24.) 

President  BRETT  called  the  meeting  to  order  at  9.20  a.m.     In  the  absence  of  C:  K.  BOLTON, 
treasurer,  Miss  NINA  E.  BROWNE,  assistant  treasurer,  read  the 

TREASURER'S  REPORT. 
C:  K.  BOLTON,  Treasurer,  in  account  with  the  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

1896.  DR. 

Sept.  i.  To  balance  reported  (Cleveland  conference,  p.  91) $1558  14 

Sept.  i.  1896,  to  May,  31,  1897  : 

To  fees  for  528  annual  memberships,  at  $2  each  : 

For  1893,  i $2  oo 

For  1894,4 8  oo 

For  1895,  ii 22  oo 

For  1896,  143 286  oo 

For  1897,  366  (incl.  $2.03  from  England) 732  03 

For  1898,  3 6  oo 


To  fees  for  40  annual  payments,  at  $5  each  : 

For  1896,  4 $20  oo 

For  1897,  36 180  oo 

To  check  returned,  entered  on  Cr.  side $25  oo 

To  sale  of  conference  proceedings 3  oo 

To  interest  oa  deposits 4  20 


$1056  03 


$200  oo 


$32  20 
$2846  37 


1 30  PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


1896. 

CR. 

Sept. 

3.  By  C:  A.  Nelson,  recorder's  expenses,  Cleveland  conference  

$  6  97 

Sept. 

4.  By  Bost.  Bk.  Co.  ,  circulars  to  trustees  

26  03 

Sept. 

4.  By  Library  Bureau,  circulars,  etc  

ii  86 

Sept. 

4.  By  E.  H  .  Merriman,  typewriting  and  stenographic  work  

7  25 

Sept. 

4.  By  Library  Bureau,  circulars  and  cuts  

42  42 

Sept. 

4.  By  J.  C.  Dana,  stamps,  circulars,  and  telegrams  

12   25 

Sept. 

4.  By  H.  L.  Elmendorf,  postage,  telegrams,  expressage  

35  60 

Sept. 

4.  By  F.  T.  Boland,  stenographic  work  and  expenses  Cleveland  conference  

61  15 

Sept. 

9.  By  Carson-Harper  Co.  ,  stationery  for  J.  C.  Dana  

4  75 

Sept. 

19.  By  H.  L.  Elmendorf,  expenses  at  Cleveland  

35  oo 

Sept. 

19.  By  Miss  Hewins,  postals  

12  50 

Oct. 

3.  By  Miss  M.  S.  Cutler,  postage,  etc  

17  oo 

Oct. 

3.  By  C.  F.  Williams,  printing  

71  35 

Oct. 

20.  By  Langford  and  Thompson,  typewriting  

IO  OO 

1897. 

Jan. 

i.  By  R.  R.  Bowker,  programs  

I   OO 

Jan. 

i.  By  F.  T.  Boland,  2  copies  proceedings  Cleveland  conference  

61  20 

Jan. 

i.  By  Library  Bureau,  index  cards  and  oak  outfit  ,  

13  65 

Jan. 

20.  By  C.  K.  Bolton,  treasurer,  postage  

I   OO 

Jan. 

20.  By  G.  W.  Cole,  Burr  index,  express,  telegrams  

7  60 

Feb. 

3.  By  C.  A.  W.  Spencer,  envelopes  and  paper  

6  75 

Feb. 

6.  By  800  2-cent  stamps  

16  oo 

Feb. 

8.  By  700  postal  cards  and  address  

8  75 

Feb. 

8.  By  R.  P.  Hayes,  5000  handbooks  

98  35 

Feb. 

15.   By  C.  K.  Bolton,  postage  

i  50 

Feb. 

24.  By  W.  C.  Lane,  for  Publishing  Section  

200  oo 

Mch. 

3.   By  R.  P.  Hayes,  additional;.  for  handbook,  found  to  be  included  in  charge  of 

Feb.  8,  and  check  returned.     See  Dr.  side  of  account  

25  oo 

Mch. 

3.  By  C.  A.  W.  Spencer,  return  postals,  address  

5  10 

Mch. 

29.  By  Lizzie  S.  Allen,  clerical  work  

13  oo 

Apr. 

10.  By  C.  K.  Bolton,  postage  

2   OO 

Apr. 

12.  By  Chase's  Express  Co.,  box  from  Pittsburgh  

I    85 

Apr. 

21.  By  Kay  Printing  House,  proceedings,  1896  

657   89 

Apr. 

21.  By  R.  P.  Hayes,  secretary,  sundries  

57  75 

Apr. 

26.  By  stamped  envelopes  for  Finance  Committee  

i  35 

Apr. 

26.  By  C.  K.  Bolton,  stamps  

2    OO 

Apr. 

26.  By  R.  P.  Hayes,  express  

50 

Apr. 

30.  By  C.  A.  Nelson,  for  proceedings,  1896,  and  mailing  

168  30 

Apr. 

30.  By  C.  A.  Nelson,  index  to  proceedings,  1896  

40  oo 

Aggregate  payments  to  June  i,  1896  

$1744  67 

Check  no.  18,  not  yet  presented  

50 

Total  amount  withdrawn $1744  r7 

June    i.  Balance  on  deposit : 

At  New  England  Trust  Co.,  Bost $1002  47 

At  Brookline  Nat'l  Bank 99  73 

$1102  20 
$2846  37 


SIXTH  SESSION. 


The  present  status  of  membership  (June  i, 
1897) is  : 

Honorary  members , 2 

Life  fellows 2 

Life  members 28 

Annual  members  (paid  for  1897)...., 366 

Annual  fellows  and  library  members 36 

Total 434 

This  is  not  a  fair  estimate,  as  the  early  date 
set  for  the  annual  meeting  this  year  makes  the 
financial  year  shorter  than  usual,  and  because 
many  who  have  recently  paid  for  1896  will  pay 
for  1897  later  in  the  year. 

The  annual  fellowship  plan,  with  its  fee  of 
$5,  was  instituted  at  a  time  when  the  Associa- 
tion needed  money.  Now  that  the  immediate 
occasion  for  the  increase  of  funds  has  gone  by, 
many  of  the  fellows  have  preferred  to  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  annual  membership  rolls. 

During  the  period  covered  by  this  report,  138 
new  members  have  been  added  to  the  rolls,  101 
have  resigned,  and  i  has  died. 

There  are  now  on  hand  the  following  publi- 
cations : 

2  copies  of  Milwaukee  conference  (1886). 
32         "     "  Thousand       Islands      conference 

(1887). 

79        "     "  St.  Louis  conference  (1889). 
17         "     "  White       Mountains       conference 

(1890). 

24         "     "  San  Francisco  conference   (1891). 
6         "     "  Lakewood  conference  (1892). 
10         "     "  Chicago  conference  (1893). 
74         "     "  Lake  Placid  conference  (1894). 
147         "     "  Denver  conference  (1895). 
99         "     "  Cleveland  conference  (1896). 
59         "     "  Cleveland    conference,    Trustees' 
Section. 

Necrology. 

Miss  Mary  J.  Doolittle,  (no.  1442,)  for  10 
years  librarian  of  the  Williams  Free  Library 
Beaver  Dam,  Wis.,  died  at  her  home  in  Beaver 
Dam,  on  Friday,  April  2,  1897.  She  gave 
an  enthusiastic  and  unselfish  devotion  to  the 
library  with  which  she  was  so  long  asso- 
ciated ;  her  work  was  a  labor  of  love,  and  the 
growth  and  usefulness  of  the  library  were  at 
once  her  strongest  ambition  and  her  greatest 
pride.  One  who  knew  her  work  says:  "She 
was  tenderly  loved  by  all  the  children  of  her 


home  town,  and  she  watched  the  reading  of 
each  one  with  an  almost  maternal  solicitude. 
The  boys  and  girls  came  to  it  as  the  book-loving 
child  to  its  own  library."  She  continued  her 
work  at  the  library  until  within  a  few  weeks  of 
her  death.  About  five  weeks  since,  she  ac- 
cepted a  vacation,  to  see  if  rest  and  medical 
treatment  in  another  city  would  not  benefit  her 
fast-failing  health.  The  intention  to  seek  rest 
and  change  elsewhere  was  not  realized,  for 
with  the  cessation  of  work  came  a  quick  decline 
of  health,  and  it  was  found  impossible  to  carry 
out  the  plan.  Miss  Doolittle  was  a  member  of 
the  A.  L.  A.,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the 
Wisconsin  Library  Association,  in  which  she 
took  an  active  interest.  —  Library  Journal. 

Voted.  —  That  the  treasurer's  report  be  re- 
ferred to  the  Finance  Committee  for  audit. 

In  the  absence  of  JAMES  L.  WHITNEY,  chair- 
man, W:  E.  FOSTER  read  the 

REPORT   OF  THE   FINANCE   COMMITTEE. 

Mr.  George  W.  Cole,  who  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  American  Library  Association  at  the 
Cleveland  meeting,  felt  compelled  to  resign  his 
position.  The  funds  of  the  Association  were 
lodged  temporarily  in  the  hands  of  this  com- 
mittee. On  the  election  of  Mr.  Charles  K. 
Bolton  as  treasurer  the  sum  received,  with  ac- 
crued interest,  was  turned  over  to  him. 

The  payments  which  have  been  made  by  the 
two  treasurers  have  been  authorized  by  the 
committee  and  in  all  cases  have  met  with  their 
approval.  Although  the  expenses  of  the  Asso- 
ciation have  been  large,  a  generous  balance 
($1102.20)  remains  to  its  credit.  For  this  thanks 
are  due  to  the  persistent  efforts  of  the  treas- 
urer. In  the  opinion  of  the  committee  the  time 
has  come  for  the  consideration  by  the  Associa- 
tion whether  such  officers  as  secretary,  treas- 
urer, and  recorder  might  not  appropriately 
receive  a  moderate  salary  as  a  partial  return 
for  services  rendered. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

JAMES  L.  WHITNEY, 

A.  W.  WHELPLEY, 

WILLIAM  E.  FOSTER, 
JUNE  i,  1897. 

The  report  was  received  and  ordered  recorded , 
and,  on  motion  of  S:  S.  GREEN,  it  was 

Voted,  That  two  members  be  appointed  by 
the  chair  to  co-operate  with  the  Finance  Com- 
mittee in  any  work  that  may  be  laid  before 


Finance 
Committee. 


132 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


it.  The  president  later  appointed  as  additional 
members  of  this  committee  H.  J.  Carr  and  E. 
H.  Anderson. 

PLACE   OF   NEXT   MEETING. 

The  secretary  announced  again  that  invita- 
tions for  the  1898  conference  of  the  Association 
had  been  received  from  Omaha,  Neb.;  Lincoln, 
Neb.;  Jamestown,  N.  Y.;  Pine  Bluff,  N.  C., 
and  Atlanta,  Ga. 

J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  I  received  last  evening  from 
Minneapolis  a  telegram  signed  by  the  Mayor, 
the  Library  Board,  and  by  the  Commercial 
Club,  which  is  our  principal  club,  extending  a 
cordial  invitation  to  come  to  Minneapolis  next 
year. 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  The  secretary  will  add  that 
invitation  from  Minneapolis  to  the  list.  The 
first  thing  for  the  Association  to  decide  will  be 
whether  they  will  themselves  determine  upon 
the  place  of  meeting  or  whether  they  will  refer 
it  to  the  Executive  Board  for  decision. 

A  MEMBER.  —  I  move  it  be  referred  to  the 
Executive  Board. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  This  question  has  come 
up  for  a  great  many  years.  As  a  board  of 
eight  persons  coming  together,  the  Executive 
Board  do  not  know  the  general  wish  of  the 
Association  without  a  canvass,  and  I  move  to 
amend  that  motion  by  referring  the  matter  to 
the  Executive  Board  with  the  power  to  select, 
expressing  the  preference  of  the  Association 
for  Chautauqua  Lake  early  in  July. 

In  regard  to  the  invitation  from  Jamestown: 
I  favor  going  there  because  we  have  never 
been  to  Chautauqua  Lake.  Chautauqua  is  one 
the  great  educational  homes  of  the  age,  and 
of  the  results  of  the  work  there  will  be  of  greater 
interest  to  us  as  librarians  than  any  other  edu- 
cational work  in  the  world.  It  seems  to  me  it 
is  exceedingly  desirable  the  Association  should 
go  there  early  in  the  season  and  yet  after  the 
work  has  been  done,  and  see  with  our  own  eyes 
what  has  been  accomplished,  and  receive  a  rev- 
elation and  an  inspiration.  The  place  is  new 
to  us,  and,  in  itself,  it  is  a  beautiful  place,  very 
central  and  easily  accessible  by  the  railroads. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  I  second  the  amendment, 
and  in  doing  so  I  would  like  to  say  that  it  really 
means,  as  I  understand  it,  neither  Jamestown 
literally,  nor  the  Chautauqua  Assembly  Grounds 
literally.  It  means  a  point  of  meeting  that  will 
be  between  those  two.  Chautauqua  Lake  is 


surrounded  with  summer  resorts  and  hotels, 
and  it  is  the  intention  of  those,  I  believe,  who 
extend  the  invitation  to  the  Association,  to 
have  the  meeting  held  where  it  will  be  con- 
venient of  access  to  the  Assembly  Grounds  and 
to  Jamestown. 

Miss  ANNE  WALLACE.  —  I  wish  I  was  a  great 
big  man  like  Mr.  Dewey,  for  then  I  think  what 
I  have  to  say  would  have  more  weight  in  the 
presentation  of  an  invitation  to  this  Association 
from  the  Mayor  and  Council  of  Atlanta,  from 
the  press  of  the  state,  and  from  our  own  officers 
of  our  local  library  association.  I  base  my 
claim  on  a  wide  field  when  you  remember  there 
is  no  state  support  for  a  public  library  in  most 
of  the  southern  states.  In  regard  to  the  time 
of  meeting  :  I  know  that  there  is  a  prejudice 
against  coming  south  in  summer,  but  when 
you  remember  the  altitude  of  Atlanta  —  noo 
feet  —  you  will  concede  that  that  is  in  its  favor. 
As  to  its  temperature,  I  think,  on  comparison 
with  other  capitals  of  the  country,  the  climate 
of  Atlanta  is  very  cool.  In  regard  to  the  pub- 
lic condition  of  affairs  in  the  south,  I  feel  that 
a  word  of  explanation  is  necessary.  To  begin 
with,  a  people  living  out  of  doors  nine  months 
in  the  year  do  not  feel  the  need  of  literary  rec- 
reation like  people  in  colder  climates  ;  there- 
fore, the  library  movement  there  has  not  re- 
ceived the  impulse  that  it  has  in  other  sections 
of  the  country.  Another  reason  is,  in  the 
south  we  are  all  Democrats,  and  the  idea  sug- 
gested by  Mr.  Jefferson,  that  the  individual 
must  not  look  to  the  state  for  aid  in  educational 
matters  as  these  do  not  concern  the  department 
of  government  in  any  way,  has  rather  made  it 
a  new  feature  for  the  people  of  the  south  to  ex- 
pect help  from  the  state  or  municipality.  Now 
that  library  work  is  so  thoroughly  identified 
with  educational  matters  is  the  time  to  push 
this  question.  As  to  the  social  features  of  our 
meeting  in  the  south  :  The  south  is  proverbi- 
ally hospitable,  and  while  I  do  not  think  that  we 
can  ever  quite  meet  the  hospitality  that  you 
have  received  in  the  northern  cities,  where  there 
are  so  many  hard  dollars  to  back  hospitality, 
I  do  think  it  would  be  a  treat  to  a  great  many 
people  to  visit  the  south  and  see  the  other  part 
of  the  American  people  there. 

The  invitation  to  Atlanta  presented  by  Miss 
WALLACE  was  supported  by  Dr.  CYRUS  ADLER, 
A.  W.  TYLER,  W:  I.  FLETCHER,  and  C:  A. 
NELSON. 


SIXTH   SESSION. 


133 


MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  As  the  discussion  seems 
to  have  narrowed  to  deciding  between  Chautau- 
qua  and  Atlanta,  it  strikes  me  it  would  be  only 
courteous  to  allow  Miss  Hazeltine,  who  is  not 
now  present,  to  present  her  invitation  to  Chau- 
tauqua,  as  she  came  here  from  Chautauqua  for 
that  purpose.  I  therefore  move  that  this  matter 
be  laid  on  the  table  until  this  afternoon's  ses- 
sion. Voted. 

ELECTION  OF  OFFICERS. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  I  move  that  the  election 
of  officers  be  postponed  until  the  close  of  this 
session,  and  that  the  polls  be  open  from  12  to 
three  o'clock,  so  those  here  this  morning  can 
vote  and  those  who  come  this  afternoon  can 
vote.  Voted. 

C:  A.  NELSON.  —  I  move  that  the  judges  be 
instructed  to  tally  the  votes  by  the  register  of 
those  that  are  registered  at  this  meeting,  so 
people  will  know  they  are  members  of  this 
Association,  and  also  in  order  to  secure  a  more 
complete  register  than  we  have  at  present.  Lost. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  I  move  at  the  opening  of 
the  polls  an  opportunity  be  given  for  other 
nominations,  and  that  nominating  speeches  be 
made  at  the  opening  of  the  polls.  Voted. 

The  next  order  of  business  was  introduced 
by  Dr.  J:  S.  BILLINGS,  who  described 

THE    PROPOSED    BUILDING    FOR    THE    NEW   YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  WITH  PLANS. 

Dr.  BILLINGS.  —  On  the  igth  of  May  last  the 
governor  of  the  state  of  New  York  signed  an 
act  by  virtue  of  which  the  authorities  of  the 
city  of  New  York  had  to  furnish  a  site  on  Bry- 
ant Park,  running  from  4Oth  to  42d  street,  be- 
tween 5th  and  6th  avenues,  in  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  to  erect  thereon  a  building  from 
plans  which  are  to  be  prepared  and  furnished 
by  the  trustees  of  the  New  York  Public  Library, 
to  be  approved  by  the  Board  of  Apportion- 
ment; the  total  cost  not  to  exceed  two  and  a 
half  millions  of  dollars.  The  trustees  of  the 
Public  Library  first  caused  to  be  prepared  a 
schedule  list  of  the  accommodations  which 
would  be  desirable  in  such  a  library.  Then 
they  appointed  a  special  committee  of  advisors, 
consisting  of  Professor  Ware,  professor  of 
architecture  in  Columbia  College,  Mr.  Ber- 
nard Green,  a  skilled  engineer,  and  constructor 
of  the  new  Congressional  Library,  and  myself, 
as  the  director  of  the  library,  to  prepare  terms 


to  obtain  plans  by  competition  among   archi- 
tects. 

The  first  question  was  as  to  whether  there 
should  be  one  or  two  competitions.  It  was  de- 
termined that  there  had  better  be  two.  The 
first  or  preliminary  competition  is  open  to  all 
architects  in  Greater  New  York,  and  calls 
simply  for  sketch  plans  or  general  designs  for 
the  building.  From  the  plans  sent  in  on  this 
sketch  competition,  12  are  to  be  selected  by  the 
committee  of  advisors.  From  those  12,  the 
names  being  then  known  to  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  board  of  trustees,  they  are  to 
select  not  more  than  six,  and  then  they  are  to 
invite  those  six  and  six  other  architects  —  not 
necessarily  all  from  the  city  of  New  York  —  to 
enter  into  the  second  or  final  competition.  So, 
there  would  be  not  more  than  12  in  the  second 
competition,  and  an  unlimited  number  in  the 
first  —  perhaps  100.  I  know  that  at  least  240 
architects  have  applied  for  the  specifications 
and  general  directions  for  the  first  competi- 
tion. 

The  object  of  the  first  competition  is  partly  to 
make  sure  that  there  shall  be  no  great  genius 
in  New  York  who  shall  not  have  an  opportunity 
to  present  his  ideas  ;  that  among  the  young  men 
who  have  just  graduated  there  shall  be  nobody 
who  has  not  had  a  chance  to  present  what  he 
has  got  to  present  as  the  best  possible  scheme. 
Another  object  is  to  enable  the  executive  com- 
mittee to  decide  two  or  three  questions  as  to 
the  general  plan  :  the  general  arrangement  of 
the  building.  After  that  has  been  settled,  then 
for  the  second  competition  the  specifications 
may  be  somewhat  detailed  as  to  the  arrange- 
ment and  size  of  rooms,  arrangement  of  win- 
dows in  certain  rooms,  and  so  on. 

In  presenting  the  list  of  rooms  and  accommo- 
dations which  were  considered  desirable,  two 
or  three  rough  sketches  were  made  showing 
how  that  amount  of  space  might  be  included  in 
a  building  at  a  reasonable  cost  and  carry  out 
certain  definite  ideas  as  to  what  is  desired  in 
the  library.  At  first,  it  seemed  to  be  consid- 
ered a  little  doubtful  as  to  whether  it  was  expe- 
dient to  publish  any  such  sketches  as  these,  lest 
they  might  limit  the  genius  of  the  architect  ; 
that  the  architects  might  feel  bound  by  that 
particular  plan  and  would  not  branch  out  as 
they  would  if  they  were  given  no  directions 
whatever.  But  it  was  concluded  as  a  whole, 
after  conferring  with  several  of  our  architects. 


J34 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


that  it  would  be  well  to  give  some  definite  di- 
rections of  this  kind. 

Now  as  to  the  schedule  of  rooms,  I  need  not 
read  it  as  it  has  all  been  printed  in  the  last 
number  of  the  Library  Journal,  with  a  repro- 
duction of  the  rough  sketch  plans  which  were 
furnished.*  I  will  simply  refer  to  some  points 
by  the  aid  of  this  blackboard.  The  stack-room 
calls  for  1,200,000  volumes,  which,  at  eight 
volumes  per  lineal  foot,  would  require  150,000 
lineal  feet  of  shelving  arranged  in  about  seven 
shelves  to  each  stack  floor.  That  of  course  does 
not  include  the  books  put  in  the  free  reference 
shelves  and  reading-rooms.  As  to  the  large 
public  reading-rooms,  it  is  estimated  that  space 
for  800  readers  should  be  furnished,  allowing 
30  square  feet  to  each,  with  space  for  catalogs, 
and  so  on,  which  gives  a  total  of  26,800  square 
feet.  It  is  considered  that  it  is  not  desirable  to 
attempt  to  provide  for  all  in  one  room  ;  that  it 
will  be  better  to  divide  that  space  into  two  or 
three  rooms.  In  the  first  place  we  would  not 
have  800  readers,  probably,  at  one  time  ;  it  may 
be  five  years  before  we  have  so  many  as  that 
at  one  time,  and  we  need  not  care  for  the  whole 
group  of  rooms  with  a  limited  number  of 
readers  :  only  so  much  space  need  be  heated 
and  lighted  as  is  required  for  the  number  of 
readers  at  that  time. 

There  is  a  demand  for  a  periodical-room,  4000 
square  feet,  with  1000  lineal  feet  of  shelving. 
There  is  to  be  a  newspaper-room  of  about  4000 
square  feet  in  area,  and  that  should  be  on  the 
first  floor  as  well  as  the  periodical-room.  There 
is  a  newspaper  store-room  for  storing  files  of 
older  newspapers  which  we  are  endeavoring  to 
secure,  with  an  area  of  5000  square  feet.  On 
the  drawings  that  is  shown  on  the  third  floor 
next  the  reading-rooms.  That  is  a  mistake  :  it 
should  be  down  below  at  the  base  of  the  stacks, 
for  the  space  where  it  is  indicated  on  the  draw- 
ing is  needed  for  reference-rooms. 

The  patents-room  is  to  contain  2500  feet  of 
shelving  and  about  3000  square  feet  of  space. 
On  the  diagram  that  is  put  on  the  first  floor,  but 
it  should  be  on  the  second.  The  same  is  true 
for  the  public  documents  room.  There  is  a 
children's  room,  which  is  on  the  first  floor  near 
the  entrance.  It  is  too  small,  I  think,  but  when 
you  move  the  public  documents  room  and  the 
patents-room  upstairs,  you  get  ample  space  for  it. 

*  L.  /.,  June,  1897,  p.  296-301. 


There  is  a  library  for  the  blind  which  should 
be  on  the  first  floor.  There  are  five  or  six  spe- 
cial reading-rooms,  each  with  about  1000  feet  of 
shelving,  capable  of  storing  7000  or  8000  vol- 
umes of  special  books,  and  provision  for  40  or 
50  readers  in  each  room. 

There  is  a  special  manuscript  department. 
We  have  already  a  valuable  collection  of  manu- 
scripts, and  the  space  provided  is  probably  too 
small.  It  is  just  about  right  for  what  we  have 
now,  and  it  will  have  to  be  increased  somewhat 
for  future  use.  There  are  special  work-rooms 
for  special  students;  a  small  room,  about  10  by 
15  feet,  with  shelving  for  200  or  300  volumes, 
where  a  man  can  go  and  have  a  stenographer 
and  typewriter  and  be  entirely  free  from  noise 
and  dust  and  confusion. 

So  much  for  the  reference  department;  for  the 
provision,  for  scholars.  Under  the  terms  of  the 
act,  the  New  York  Public  Library  is  to  furnish 
a  free  lending  department,  and  it  is  to  be  open 
every  day  in  the  year,  and  evenings  as  well 
as  day  time.  The  specifications  call  for  5000 
square  feet  in  this  room.  It  must  be  close  or 
contiguous  to  the  stacks,  and  there  must  be  at 
least  one  delivery-counter  not  less  than  40  feet, 
and  seats  for  at  least  100  waiting.  Then  we 
have  in  the  New  York  Public  Library  special 
collections  that  have  to  be  provided  for.  We 
have  to  provide  for  the  Lenox  picture  gallery  ; 
for  the  Stuart  collection,  which  contains  a  large 
number  of  pictures  and  bric-a-brac  of  different 
kinds,  besides  several  thousand  volumes  of  il- 
lustrated books.  We  shall  want  a  photograph- 
room,  which,  of  course,  will  be  on  the  top  floor. 

Then,  coming  to  the  administrative  depart- 
ment, we  have  the  trustees'-room,  the  directors'- 
room,  an  order  and  checking  room,  a  catalog- 
ing-room,  which  must  connect  easily  with  the 
order-room  and  the  receiving-room  ;  a  receiv- 
ing-room, a  packing-room,  an  accession  depart- 
ment, which  must  connect  with  the  stacks  on 
the  one  hand  and  the  cataloging  department  on 
the  other;  a  duplicate  and  exchange  room;  a 
bindery  and  a  printing  room,  superintendent's 
office;  reception-rooms,  one  for  members  of  the 
staff,  one  for  visitors,  and  one  for  the  women's 
department;  a  public  comfort  department  and 
lunch-room;  one  for  boys  and  junior  attendants, 
and  one  for  the  librarians  and  assistant  librari- 
ans. It  is  not  thought  well  to  provide  a  lunch- 
room for  the  public.  There  will  be  eight  or  10 
small  rooms  containing  about  200-  square  feet 


SIXTH  SESSION. 


135 


each  for  store-rooms;  a  telephone-room,  public 
telephone,  and  probably  also  a  house  telephone 
exchange  office,  which  rooms  should  communi- 
cate with  each  other.  Then  the  engineer's  de- 
partment will  contain  the  dynamos,  boilers, 
workshop-rooms,  engineer's-room,  etc.  There 
will  be  a  large  lecture-room  seating  about  600  ; 
a  class-room  seating  about  150  ;  lavatories,  and 
so  forth;  elevators,  lifts,  and  other  necessary 
mechanism  of  the  building. 

In  suggesting  the  arrangement  of  all  these 
rooms  indicated  on  the  diagrams,  I  had  two 
main  points  in  view.  One  was  the  readiest  pos- 
sible accessibility  to  the  main  store  of  books  in 
the  stacks,  while  providing  for  a  considerable 
quantity  of  books  in  separate  reading-rooms. 
The  second  was  the  capacity  for  the  extension 
of  this  library  without  interfering  with  what 
had  already  been  constructed.  The  general 
principle  of  the  scheme  which  is  proposed  con- 
sists of  a  system  of  stacks  250  feet  long  by 
75  feet  wide,  built  up  from  the  ground,  facing 
to  the  west,  on  the  free  side  of  the  building, 
which  is  towards  the  open  park.  Around  those 
stacks  and  in  contact  with  them  at  each  end,  in 
front,  and  on  the  top,  are  the  rooms  which  are 
to  be  supplied  with  books  from  those  stacks, 
getting  access  to  the  stacks  on  each  face  ex- 
cept the  outside  looking  towards  Bryant  Park. 
When  we  come  to  make  an  extension  of  this 
building,  we  simply  take  in  two  more  open 
courts  of  the  same  size  and  go  between  the 
courts  and  build  another  set  of  stacks  and 
rooms.  We  then  have  two  more  open  courts 
exactly  like  these. 

The  reading-rooms  in  this  plan  are  on  the 
top  of  the  stacks  and  are  served  by  a  well  going 
down  into  the  stack,  with  the  simplest  possible 
form  of  machinery  for  announcing  down  into 
the  stack  what  is  to  be  brought  up,  and  for 
bringing  it  up. 

The  lending  delivery  room  is  50  feet  wide 
and  75  feet  long.  The  delivery-counter  will  go 
straight  across  and  be  50  feet  in  length,  and 
would  naturally  be  divided  into  about  five 
parts.  Whether  that  is  large  enough  to  accom- 
modate the  number  of  people  and  to  accommo- 
date the  number  of  books  for  those  who  wish 
to  borrow  and  select  books  is  a  question.  I 
think  there  ought  to  be  at  least  10,000  selected 
books  out  there. 

What  the  trustees  and  those  who  are  charged 
with  the  duty  of  preparing  these  specifications 


and  details  for  the  second  competition  desire  is, 
first  the  opinion  of  librarians  as  to  the  best 
means  of  making  these  arrangements  ;  whether 
it  is  unnecessary  to  call  for  so  much  space; 
whether  it  would  be  better  to  have  a  somewhat 
smaller  building  —  it  can  be  reduced  somewhat, 
leaving  a  little  more  money  for  decoration  — 
and  in  particular,  whether  this  general  principle 
of  arrangement  is  more  or  less  satisfactory  than 
some  other  plans  of  arrangement. 

We  may  say  nowadays  that  there  are  three 
general  schemes  for  the  arrangement  of  a  large 
library.  The  first  is  that  of  the  convent, 
built  around  courts,  passing  •from  one  room 
through  other  rooms  in  order  to  get  at  any 
room  you  wish.  That  plan  nowadays  practi- 
cally is  not  considered  at  all.  Then  comes  the 
general  scheme  of  one  large  reading-room  on 
the  first  floor,  having  the  walls  lined  with 
books,  making  a  very  impressive  appearance, 
offering  inducements  to  sightseers  and  to 
everybody  to  come  in  and  see  what  a  magnifi- 
cent thing  it  is.  The  large  central  room  may 
be  circular  or  octagonal,  and  surmounted  by  a 
dome,  with  tier  upon  tier  of  books  rising  one 
above  the  other.  The  great  impulse  to  that 
style  of  arrangement  was  given  by  the  reading- 
room  of  the  British  Museum,  which  was  an 
after-thought  and  an  expedient.  They  roofed 
over  the  central  square  in  the  quadrilateral, 
making  a  circular  reading-room  and  filling  up 
the  corners  left  between  the  walls  of  the  circle 
and  the  square  with  stacks.  That  reading- 
room  is  certainly  an  impressive  one  to  enter. 
It  is  not  open  to  the  public.  The  general 
crowd  cannot  stray  in  and  out;  you  must  enter 
by  a  special  card.  Following  that  design  is 
the  new  Congressional  Library,  the  main  feat- 
ure of  which  is  the  central  reading-room 
crowned  by  a  dome,  and  from  this  reading- 
room  the  stacks  radiate  in  the  form  of  a  cross. 
Another  variation  is  to  make  the  central  room 
an  octagon  and  carry  a  parallelogram  out  from 
each  face  of  the  octagon,  devoting  some  of 
these,  to  stacks. 

Another  plan  or  general  scheme  of  structure 
for  a  library  is  that  advocated  by  Mr.  Poole 
and  exemplified  in  the  Newberry  Library,  of 
which  floor  plans  are  here  shown.  Here  also 
is  the  plan  of  the  Chicago  Public  Library, 
which  is  a  rectangular  building  three  stories  in 
height,  the  general  shape  being  like  that  of 
the  Boston  Public  Library.  It  is  not  necessary 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


for  my  purpose  to  go  into  the  details  of  those 
plans. 

Now,  the  trustees  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library  desire  to  obtain  the  opinions  of  libra- 
rians who  have  given  some  consideration  to 
this  subject  and  who  have  had  some  experience 
in  building  or  .in  the  management  of  large 
libraries.  They  desire  such  opinions  upon 
three  or  four  questions.  First,  is  it  desirable 
to  put  the  main  reading-rooms  on  the  upper 
floor,  giving  access  by  elevators,  the  under- 
standing being  that  you  will  have  to  go  up  two 
nights  at  least,  but  you  will  have  large  passen- 
ger elevators  as"  well  ?  Will  a  certain  number 
of  people,  old  or  infirm,  perhaps,  be  deterred 
from  coming  and  making  use  of  those  reading- 
rooms  by  the  fact  that  they  are  up  two  nights 
of  stairs  and  it  is  necessary  to  go  up  by  eleva- 
tor, and  will  it  therefore  be  advisable  that  some 
sacrifice  be  made  to  get  those  reading-rooms 
down  on  the  lower  floor  ? 

It  is  unnecessary  for  me  to  set  forth  the  par- 
ticular advantages  of  these  plans.  I  shall 
rather  point  out  some  of  the  defects.  The  con- 
trolling reasons  which  led  to  putting  the  main 
reading-rooms  on  the  upper  floor  were:  to  get  as 
far  away  from  the  noise  and  from  the  dust  of  the 
street  as  possible;  to  get  light  from  above,  so 
as  to  have  the  walls  free  for  book-shelving ;  to 
get  the  most  central  possible  delivery  of  books 
on  the  shortest  line  from  the  stacks  with  the 
least  complication  of  machinery;  to  keep  the 
loaning  part  of  the  business  on  the  first  floor, 
as  easy  as  possible  of  access;  to  have  the  pe- 
riodical-room and  the  newspaper-room  also  on 
the  first  floor  with  the  easiest  possible  access, 
but  to  have  the  special  reading-rooms  for  spe- 
cial scholars,  and  the  private  rooms  which  re- 
quire special  cards  for  admission,  on  the  second 
floor,  away  from  sightseers  as  far  as  possible 
and  away  from  the  general  crowd.  Those  are 
the  reasons  in  favor  of  this  particular  arrange- 
ment. 

The  objections  to  it  were,  first,  that  it  may 
not  be  possible  to  make  as  imposing  an  archi- 
tectural feature  of  the  building  on  this  plan  as 
might  be  possible  by  some  other  plan;  second, 
that  with  a  stack  as  wide  as  that,  arranged  like 
that,  artificial  light  in  the  centre  will  be  a 
necessity  at  all  times.  In  almost  all  large 
stacks  now,  as  in  the  Boston  Public  Library, 
and  in  libraries  without  stacks,  such  as  the 
Astor  Library,  we  have  to  use  electric  light  to 


find  books  during  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
day,  and  some  days  all  day.  Very  often  you 
cannot  read  the  titles  of  books  in  the  back  part 
of  the  stack  without  the  aid  of  electric  light. 
But  I  do  not  think  that  is  any  serious  objection. 

Then  as  to  the  general  size  of  the  room.  Is 
the  building  too  big  ?  Is  it  unnecessarily  large  ? 
Eight  hundred  readers  seems  a  very  large 
number  to  provide  space  for  at  once.  Some  of 
our  people  are  a  little  doubtful  as  to  whether 
we  are  going  to  reach  800  in  20  years.  Then 
we  are  certainly  going  to  extend  this  building, 
so  far  as  human  foresight  can  judge,  because 
this  building  is  not  going  to  hold  the  books 
coming  in  for  more  than  25  years;  the  books 
by  accession,  by  gift,  by  legacy,  and  by  pur- 
chase. Now,  we  want  a  plan  by  which,  when 
the  time  comes,  we  can  double  the  capacity  of 
the  library,  or  the  stack  capacity,  or  increase 
its  reading-room  capacity  without  interfering 
with  the  daily  work  of  the  library  or  with  the 
administration  part  which  is  already  completed. 
It  can  be  done  under  this  plan  very  readily. 
If  you  extend  it  by  taking  in  two  more  courts 
75  by  loo  feet  and  getting  another  stack  350 
feet  long  with  a  reading-room  on  top,  adding 
stack-room  at  the  present  height  for  another 
1,500,000  volumes,  or,  by  carrying  your  stacks 
up  higher,  for  2,500,000  or  3,000,000  volumes, 
then  you  have  just  covered  the  reservoir. 
Then  you  have  the  whole  of  Bryant  Park  to  ex- 
tend into  in  the  middle  and  latter  part  of  the 
next  century  if  you  desire  to.  You  can  very 
readily  put  in  8,000,000  volumes  in  storage 
stacks,  with  reading-rooms,  going  upon  this 
general  plan. 

The  trustees  also  desire  the  views  of  ar- 
chitects, and  hope  to  get  them  through  this 
first  system  of  free  and  open  competition,  in 
which  the  architects  are  told  that  these  plans 
are  given  merely  as  suggestions,  and  that  they 
can  suggest  any  other  possible  way  they  like. 
It  is  even  suggested  to  them  that  the  trustees 
would  like  to  see  some  designs  showing  the 
large  reading-room  on  the  first  floor.  And  with 
the  combination  of  what  they  get  from  archi- 
tects, and  what  I  hope  they  will  obtain  from 
the  librarians  here  in  this  discussion,  and  from 
a  number  of  librarians  whom  I  have  asked  to 
furnish  suggestions  and  criticisms,  I  hope  it 
will  be  possible  to  prepare  a  set  of  specifications 
for  the  second  competition  which  will  yield 
fairly  satisfactory  results. 


SIXTH  SESSION. 


137 


JOHN  EDMANDS.  —  I  am  very  glad  that  Dr. 
Billings  has  no  idea  of  making  a  great  show 
reading-room,  and  I  am  very  much  pleased  with 
the  general  outline  of  his  plan. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  I  think  we  will  all  agree 
that  these  plans  present  a  remarkably  careful 
study  of  the  conditions  and  the  demands  in  this 
great  building,  which,  in  some  respects,  may 
almost  be  said  to  be  the  most  important  under- 
taking in  library  architecture  that  we  have  ever 
had  in  this  country,  second,  at  least,  only  to 
that  of  the  Congressional  Library  at  Wash- 
ington. 

There  are  one  or  two  suggestions  that  I 
would  like  to  make  with  regard  to  the  questions 
raised  by  Dr.  Billings,  and  the  first  is  as  to  the 
size  of  some  of  the  accommodations  provided. 
It  looks  to  me  as  though  the  most  important 
department  of  library  work  in  the  future  is  to 
be  on  the  two  lines  of  the  travelling  library  and 
the  children's  department.  When  I  first  ex- 
amined these  plans  the  first  question  that  oc- 
curred to  me  was  with  regard  to  the  accommoda- 
tions provided  in  the  future  for  those  two  lines 
of  work:  the  travelling  library  —  with  the  de- 
livery station,  perhaps,  in  connection  with  it 
—  and  the  children's  department.  The  pro- 
vision suggested  for  the  children's  department 
is  limited  to  50  readers.  If  it  is  the  intention 
in  New  York  to  popularize  this  work  as  it  is 
being  popularized  elsewhere  in  the  country,  I 
think  the  children's  department  should  be  pro- 
vided with  accommodations  for  500  readers 
rather  than  50.  In  the  children's  room  in 
the  Buffalo  Library,  which  has  not  yet  been 
open  a  year,  and  has  been  carried  on  under 
rather  adverse  circumstances,  we  have  had  on 
many  occasions,  on  Saturdays  and  on  Sundays, 
more  than  500  readers,  and  certainly  in  the  city 
of  New  York  if  this  work  is  to  be  developed 
on  the  line  which  seems  to  be  the  line  for  the 
future,  I  think  a  far  greater  provision  will  be 
needed  than  has  been  proposed  so  far. 

With  regard  to  travelling  libraries,  I  do  not 
find  in  the  plans  the  accommodation  that  will 
be  necessary  for  that  great  undertaking,  which  I 
should  suppose  would  become  in  New  York,  as  it 
is  becoming  elsewhere,  a  very  important  matter. 
There  is  a  general  receiving  and  delivery  room 
provided  in  the  basement  of  the  building,  but  I 
think  Dr.  Billings  would  probably  find  it  neces- 
sary to  revise  that  considerably  and  arrange  for 
a  future  of  very  large  work  in  the  matter  of 


sending  books  outside  of  the  library  for  free 
use,  and  bringing  them  back. 

With  regard  to  readers,  the  general  inten- 
tion of  these  rooms  is  an  admirable  one.  The 
plan  of  this  library  is  for  work  and  not  for 
show,  and  these  large  rooms  on  the  upper  floor 
are  going  to  present  a  very  great  advantage. 
So  far  as  a  great  number  of  the  readers  and 
students  who  will  visit  those  rooms  are  con- 
cerned, the  use  of  an  elevator  to  reach  the 
upper  floors  will  be  a  matter  of  no  importance; 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  a  considerable 
class  of  people  who  ought  to  be  considered  — 
these  are  the  people  who  run  hastily  into  the 
library  at  the  noon  hour  or  during  a  visit  down- 
town just  on  some  small  matter  of  reference. 
They  want  to  use  the  library  for  10  minutes  or 
half  an  hour,  and  it  is  a  serious  matter  for 
them  to  be  obliged  to  go  to  the  upper  floor  of 
the  building.  I  should  think  there  might  be  a 
modification  of  the  plans  so  as  to  keep  at  least 
one  reading-room  on  the  main  floor  for  just  that 
class  of  readers. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  It  seems  to  me  that  the 
plans  here  are  admirable,  all  the  way  through. 
In  the  first  place,  I  do  not  think  there  is  any 
objection  whatever  to  a  reading-room  on  the 
top  floor.  I  do  not  think  that  anybody  living 
in  New  York,  where  elevators  are  so  constantly 
used,  would  find  it  any  trouble  at  all  to  reach 
the  reading-room  on  the  upper  floor.  There  is 
one  partial  criticism  in  respect  to  the  location 
of  the  special  students'  reading-room.  If  it 
was  an  ordinary  room  for  instruction  the  matter 
might  be  overlooked  almost  entirely,  but  I  have 
found  that  the  books  desirable  to  use  in  special 
research  branch  out  into  almost  all  parts  of  a 
general  reference  library,  whatever  the  special 
subject  of  the  research  may  be.  If  the  suite  of 
rooms  for  the  special  student  could  be  placed 
in  a  little  closer  proximity  to  the  general  read- 
ing-room, and  still  keep  their  quietness,  it  would 
be  of  advantage  to  those  who  use  them  in  con- 
nection with  special  work. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  It  occurred  to  me  when 
Dr.  Billings  was  speaking  about  this  plan  for 
his  library  and  remarking  on  its  growth  for  the 
next  century,  that  there  was  another  thing  to 
be  reckoned  with,  and  that  was  the  possibility 
the  park  might  be  used  for  something  else,  and 
the  desirability  of  securing  as  much  as  possible 
of  that  park  now.  Instead  of  building  these 
courts  in  this  compact  form,  I  would  be  better 


'38 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


pleased  if  you  would  build  around  the  outside 
of  the  park  and  leave  Bryant  Park  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  library.  It  would  be  a  little  less  com- 
pact in  some  matters  of  administration,  but  by 
the  distribution  of  the  circulating  library  in  one 
place  and  the  various  reading-rooms  in  others, 
very  little  extra  service  in  the  building  would 
be  required,  and  it  would  be  much  more  satis- 
factory. The  library  will  do  well  to  procure 
the  park  while  public  sentiment  is  in  favor  of  its 
procurement,  and  get  as  large  a  part  of  the  park 
as  possible. 

As  to  the  reading-room  on  the  top  floor  :  20 
years  ago  I  made  the  same  suggestion,  and  I 
am  glad  to  hear  testimony  so  uniformly  in  its 
favor.  There  are  many  people  who  are  afflicted 
with  worn-out  and  exhausted  nerves  —  the 
American  disease  —  and  who  cannot  do  good 
work  where  the  noise  is  distracting,  and  on  that 
account  they  prefer  being  on  an  upper  floor 
where  quiet  may  be  had.  When  we  moved  the 
library  school  in  Albany  from  the  third  to  the 
fifth  floor,  it  was  almost  beyond  belief  to  find 
what  a  difference  there  was  in  the  noises  of  the 
city  in  that  matter  of  60  feet  in  height. 

I  do  not  agree  with  the  suggestion  that  the 
public  should  not  have  access  to  the  lunch-room. 
Students  who  go  to  New  York  and  want  a  little 
lunch  ought  not  to  be  compelled  to  go  out  for 
it.  It  is  a  great  nuisance  for  a  student  to  be 
compelled  to  go  outside  of  the  building  where 
he  is  at  work  in  order  to  get  the  little  lunch  he 
requires,  and  if  it  could  be  had  in  the  build- 
ing it  would  certainly  be  a  great  convenience. 
Another  thing  is  that  it  would  be  desirable  to  have 
a  general  public  entrance  not  only  on  Fifth  ave- 
nue, but  at  the  southwest  corner  of  the  build- 
ing, because  a  great  many  people  have  to  go  in 
that  direction  to  reach  the  elevated  railroads, 
and  would  find  it  a  considerable  saving  if  they 
could  pass  out  in  that  direction. 

I  feel  that  these  plans  have  been  more  care- 
fully studied  over  than  any  others,  and  we  are 
therefore  likely  to  get  a  building  that  will  be 
satisfactory.  The  new  Congressional  Library 
building  is  magnificent,  yet  when  one  comes  to 
look  it  over  one  sees  that,  while  the  reading- 
room  is  there,  a  great  many  of  the  details  are 
left  to  be  worked  out.  The  space  is  there;  the 
building  has  been  built  wisely  enough  to  allow 
for  plans  to  be  worked  out;  but  there  is  no  ade- 
quate plan  for  the  administration  department. 
Dr.  Billings  spoke  as  if  he  was  fearful  the  trus- 


tees might  criticise  the  amount  of  space  devoted 
to  the  administration  department.  In  our  little 
club-house  in  the  Adirondacks,  our  kitchen  was 
too  small  one  year  and  we  doubled  the  size  of 
it;  the  next  year  we  doubled  it  again;  finally 
we  devoted  to  this  administrative  department  of 
the  club  one  of  the  largest  rooms  of  the  club- 
house; and  this  year  when  we  came  to  see  the 
kitchen,  the  first  comment  that  was  made  was 
it  would  be  necessary  to  double  its  size.  Now, 
that  is  about  the  way  it  will  be  in  regard  to  this 
library,  when  it  comes  to  the  administrative  de- 
partment. It  is  sometimes  difficult  at  first  to 
realize  how  much  space  is  a  necessity  in  eco- 
nomical administration. 

Dr.  B.  C.  STEINER.  —  I  rise  to  give  my  hearty 
support  to  the  idea  of  the  upper  and  central 
reading-room.  A  reading-room  on  the  upper 
floor  will  have  better  ventilation  and  more  cool 
breezes  in  summer  than  a  ground-floor  reading- 
room,  and  will  take  up  much  less  space.  As  to 
the  other  question,  in  our  modern  life  a  high 
building  ought  not  to  disturb  any  of  us.  All  of  us 
go  up  and  down  in  elevators  in  buildings  two  or 
three  times  a  day,  sometimes  as  far  up  as  the  loth 
floor,  and  if  we  do  that  we  certainly  should  not 
hesitate  to  do  the  same  thing  if  we  want  to  se- 
lect a  book.  Most  readers  do  not  go  up  for 
three  or  four  minutes.  My  experience  with  li- 
brary readers  is  that  most  of  them  come  for  at 
least  half  an  hour.  The  only  criticism  I  have 
to  make  on  the  reading-room  is  that  I  would 
like  to  see  the  special  rooms  a  little  closer  to  the 
reference  library  room.  The  special  students 
want  to  be  fairly  close  to  the  main  source  of 
supply.  If  the  special  rooms  are  to  be  away 
from  the  main  source  of  supply,  though  it  may 
not  be  a  very  great  inconvenience,  still,  if  a 
book  is  wanted  in  a  hurry  it  involves  a  little  de- 
lay. And  it  also  seems  to  me  that  the  compact- 
ness of  the  building  is  one  of  its  main  advan- 
tages; that  a  building  spread  out  would  be  a 
serious  mistake.  We  may  put  it  down  as  one 
of  the  principles  of  economics  which  govern  li- 
brary administration  that  the  efficiency  of  the 
service  diminishes  directly  with  the  square  of 
the  distance;  that  the  further  off  you  have  to  go 
from  the  centre  of  supply  the  more  time  you 
must  take,  and  the  closer  you  have  everything 
together  the  better  and  much  more  desirable 
the  plan  will  be. 

J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  Although  Minneapolis  is  a 
small  city  —  of  about  200,000  population  —  our 


SIXTH  SESSION. 


'39 


library  has  a  circulation  of  600,00x3,  which  gives 
us,  of  course,  a  very  large  per  capita  circulation. 
We  have  attained  this  circulation  to  a  large  ex- 
tent by  having  branches,  and  stations,  and  sub- 
stations in  the  public  schools.  It  seems  to  me 
that  a  public  library  in  order  to  attain  its  fullest 
usefulness  must  have  all  possible  apparatus  for 
distribution,  and  I  should  say  that  in  a  great 
public  library  like  that  of  the  city  of  New  York 
there  should  be  exceedingly  ample  provision 
made  for  the  sending  out  of  books  from  the 
centre  to  branches  and  stations  and  sub-sta- 
tions; and  with  the  exposition  given  us  by  Dr. 
Billings  it  does  not  appear  that  such  provision 
has  been  fully  made. 

C:  C.  SOULE.  —  I  take  great  pleasure  in  en- 
dorsing very  heartily  from  the  standpoint  of 
library  administration  and  common  sense  the 
plans  for  the  building  of  this  library.  And  I 
think  we  ought  to  emphasize  not  so  much  dif- 
ferences of  opinion  and  our  criticisms  on  minor 
points  as  the  fact  that  we  approve  the  course 
and  the  result  so  far  as  it  is  arrived  at.  Dr. 
Billings  asked  for  criticisms  on  one  or  two  spe- 
cific points,  and  one  was  in  regard  to  the  read- 
ing-room. It  seems  to  me  the  merits  of  the 
plan  he  sketched  out  have  not  been  quite  elabo- 
rated enough.  We  all  know  there  are  differ- 
ences in  large  libraries  in  regard  to  the  method 
of  arranging  the  rooms.  We  have  newspaper- 
rooms  and  a  reading-room  for  magazines, 
where  people  drop  in  for  half  an  hour  or  so, 
and  these  ought  to  be  near  the  entrance.  But 
the  main  use  of  the  main  reading-room  of  a 
large  library  is  by  students  who  want  particu- 
larly two  things:  one,  to  be  free  from  noise  or 
interruption,  and  the  other  to  be  as  near  as 
possible  to  the  books  they  want,  so  that  the 
fewest  possible  attendants  can  bring  the  largest 
number  of  books.  The  plan  of  putting  the 
reading-room  directly  over  the  stacks  is  an  ad- 
mirable one  in  two  or  three  particulars:  it  gives 
an  admirable  room,  quiet  and  cosey,  and  more 
than  that,  it  puts  the  readers  right  near  the 
stacks  where  they  can  get  the  books  in  the 
shortest  possible  time.  Another  excellent 
point  in  the  plan  is  that  the  reading-room  may 
be  enlarged  in  the  same  proportion  as  the 
stacks  are  enlarged.  When  there  are  addi- 
tional books  with  additional  use  for  them,  the 
stacks  may  be  built  right  out  and  the  reading- 
room  extended  without  any  difficulty.  The 
question  was  asked  as  to  whether  the  building 


was  unnecessarily  large.  Any  one  who  has 
had  any  experience  in  the  matter  will  say:  no, 
you  should  get  as  large  a  building  as  you  can 
for  the  money  you  have  to  pay  for  it.  So  long 
as  you  can  leave  room  for  expansion  in  build- 
ing and  provide  for  rearrangement,  you  should 
make  the  building  as  large  as  you  possibly  can. 
It  seems  to  me  that  we  can  give  very  hearty 
commendation  to  the  general  characteristics  of 
the  plan,  as  against  a  showy  plan  having  large 
and  lofty  rooms  and  stacks  placed  so  that  they 
take  up  room  from  the  readers.  We  can  give 
our  most  hearty  commendation  to  the  methods 
pursued  in  its  preparation.  Dr.  Billings  has 
inquired  among  those  who  have  had  experience 
as  to  the  needs  of  his  library;  he  has  consulted 
architects;  he  has  got  an  excellent  committee; 
and  before  he  allows  for  ornament  or  for  lavish 
expense  for  decoration,  he  has  considered  what 
is  necessary  for  the  administration  of  a  great 
library  and  for  the  convenience  of  the  public. 
From  that  point  of  view  this  Association  can 
give  the  plans  its  most  hearty  commendation. 

S:  S.  GREEN.  — We  ought  to  bear  in  mind  that 
this  is  a  great  reference  library  and  not  dwell 
too  much  upon  the  provisions  for  circulation. 
There  should  of  course  be  ample  room  in  the 
library  for  providing  a  place  and  means  by 
which  books  may  be  distributed  from  the  cen- 
tral building  to  the  branches  all  over  the  city, 
but  a  great  deal  has  been  said  about  there  not 
being  room  enough  for  the  children.  You  may 
remember  that  Dr.  Billings  said  that  the  room 
provided  for  the  children  could  be  enlarged  by 
having  the  room  for  public  documents  and 
another  room,  moved  up  another  story,  and 
that  the  capacity  of  the  children's  room  could 
then  be  doubled.  But  as  I  understand  the  plan, 
it  is  to  have  children's  rooms  all  over  the  city 
in  connection  with  the  different  branches.  Of 
course  there  are  very  few  branches  now  com- 
pared with  the  number  which  will  be  estab- 
lished eventually  in  New  York,  and  it  seems  to 
me  that  the  proper  place  to  provide  these  rooms 
for  children  is  in  connection  with  the  circulating 
libraries  all  over  the  city,  as  well  as  in  the  main 
building. 

There  are,  of  course,  different  kinds  of  plans 
for  a  library.  There  is  Mr.  Winsor's  plan  of 
copying  the  Providence  railroad  station  in 
Boston,  for  example.  It  is  a  plan  which  he  has 
always  advocated  and  which,  I  understand,  he 
still  advocates.  There  is  the  one  which  Mr. 


140 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Dewey  proposes,  namely,  to  build  around  the 
park  and  have  large  grounds  in  the  centre, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  Boston  Public  Library. 
There  are  certain  advantages  in  those  plans  ; 
but  this  plan  presented  to  us  by  Dr.  Billings  is 
one  of  the  finest  plans  for  a  great  reference  li- 
brary that  has  ever  been  submitted  in  any  coun- 
try of  the  world.  I  think  we  should  say  this 
with  the  greatest  stress  to  the  people  interested 
in  the  library  for  New  York,  and  add  that  the 
effort  to  secure  the  convenience  of  the  people, 
which  has  been  made  by  this  plan,  is  very  ap- 
parent and  most  commendable.  I  rejoice  in 
one  thing  that  has  not  been  mentioned  here, 
and  that  is,  that  the  gentleman  who  has  been 
active  in  making  these  plans  is  the  expert  of 
the  whole  country  in  regard  to  ventilation  and 
hygiene. 

W.  F.  STEVENS.  —  There  is  one  thought 
brought  out  by  Mr.  Dewey  in  the  suggestion 
of  a  library  restaurant.  In  New  York  as  well 
as  in  other  large  cities,  in  the  great  department 
stores  we  have  restaurants  for  the  convenience 
of  the  public.  In  the  New  York  West  Side 
Branch  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion there  is  a  restaurant  for  people  who  use 
that  building  ;  and  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Railroad 
Branch  we  have  a  similar  restaurant.  In  the 
case  of  a  railroad  corporation,  the  first  question 
in  connection  with  a  new  idea  is,  does  it  pay  ? 
The  second  is,  is  it  practicable  ?  The  restaurant 
idea  has  been  tried  in  the  institutions  that  I 
have  named,  and  has  also  been  tried  in  great 
firms  ;  it  certainly  pays,  and  it  has  proved  prac- 
ticable. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF. — The  approval  of  the 
general  idea  of  Dr.  Billings'  plans  here  is  al- 
most unanimous.  I  do  not  think  we  should  al- 
low this  to  be  a  mere  discussion,  but  the  Asso- 
ciation as  an  Association  should  signify  by 
formal  resolution  its  approval  of  this  general 
plan.  I  move,  therefore,  that  a  committee  of 
three  be  appointed  by  the  chair  to  report 
this  afternoon  a  suitable  resolution  of  appro- 
val of  the  general  plans  of  the  New  York 
Public  Library  as  explained  by  Dr.  Billings. 
Voted. 

Dr.  BILLINGS.  —  I  simply  wish  to  return 
thanks  for  the  criticisms  that  have  been  made, 
to  express  my  very  high  appreciation  of  the 
general  approval  of  the  general  scheme,  and  to 
say  that  I  think  that  that  approval  will  have  a 
very  important  influence  upon  the  committee 


which  is  charged  with  the  selection  of  the 
plans;  and  I  hope  it  will  have  a  very  consider- 
able influence  on  the  200  and  odd 'architects 
who,  I  suppose,  are  busy  now  preparing 
sketches  for  the  first  competition. 

INVITATION  FROM  THE   INSTITUT   INTERNATIONAL 
DE   BIBLIOGRAPHIE. 

Secretary  HAYES  announced  that  an  invita- 
tion had  been  received  from  the  Institut  Inter- 
national de  Bibliographic  of  Brussels,  request- 
ing the  participation  of  the  American  Library 
Association  in  the  Second  Bibliographical  Con- 
ference, to  be  held  at  Brussels,  Aug.  2-4,  1897, 
inviting  the  attendance  of  American  librarians, 
and  asking  that  the  Association  be  also  repre- 
sented at  the  conference  by  some  of  its  publi- 
cations. 

F.  Richmond  Fletcher  had  taken  charge  of 
the  matter  and  had  replied  to  the  invitation  in 
the  following  letter: 

"  SECRETARY  INSTITUT  INTERNATIONAL  DE  BI- 
BLIOGRAPHIE: 

"  I  am  instructed  by  the  American  Library 
Association  to  forward  to  you  all  publications 
of  its  Publishing  Section,  together  with  such 
material  as  is  directly  allied  though  not  actually 
published  by  it. 

"  The  American  Library  Association  desires 
that  these  volumes  may  be  used  as  an  example 
of  the  bibliographical  work  accomplished  by 
this  Association,  and  also  desires  you  to  accept 
the  same  as  a  gift  to  your  Institut.  I  take 
pleasure,  therefore,  in  sending  by  express  this 
day  such  material  as  it  has  been  possible  to  ac- 
cumulate, and  trust  you  will  receive  the  ship- 
ment in  good  condition.  Believe  me,  sir, 
"  Very  truly  yours, 

"  F.  RICHMOND  FLETCHER, 
"  Asst.  Secy.  American  Library  Ass'n." 

The  president  then  appointed,  as  judge  of 
election,  W.  F.  STEVENS;  as  tellers  of  election, 
S:  H.  RANCK  and  J.  N.  WING. 

POLICY    OF   THE   A.    L.    A.    WITH    REGARD   TO    RE- 
INCORPORATION   UNDER   THE    LAWS    OF    THE 
U.     S.,   AND    WITH   REGARD  TO   REPRE- 
SENTATIVE    MEMBERSHIP. 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  The  question  of  the  policy  of 
re-incorporating  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion under  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  with 
headquarters  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  has 
been  mentioned  in  the  secretary's  report.  It 
was  taken  up  at  a  special  meeting  of  the  Asso- 
ciation held  in  New  York  in  February,  and  by 


SIXTH  SESSION. 


141 


that  meeting  the  question  was  referred  to  this 
general  meeting.  It  was  thought  best  to  con- 
sider together  with  that  question,  the  question 
which  has  been  discussed  in  the  library  periodi- 
cals, of  a  representative  membership.  Mr. 
Dewey's  name  is  down  on  the  program  to  pre- 
sent this  matter  to  the  conference. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  Last  December  a  number 
of  members  of  the  Association  were  telegraphed 
for  to  go  to  Washington  to  appear  before  the 
Joint  Committee  of  the  Congressional  Library. 
That  committee  held  sessions  for  several  days 
and  inquired  closely  into  what  should  be  done 
in  the  organization  of  the  national  library  in  its 
new  building.  In  the  course  of  that  discussion 
the  point  was  made  in  regard  to  the  American 
Library  Association  that,  as  the  Association 
was  a  Massachusetts  corporation  it  was  rather 
awkward  to  ask  a  state  corporation  to  make  a 
report  on  the  national  library.  The  suggestion 
was  made  by  a  member  of  the  committee  that 
the  Association  be  re-incorporated  in  the  Dis- 
rict  of  Columbia,  giving  to  it  for  the  first  time 
a  national  character  and  significance,  and  bring- 
ing it  in  close  relations  to  the  national  library. 
It  was  suggested  that  the  four  or  five  members 
then  present  in  Washington  should  prepare  a 
presentation  of  this  suggestion,  to  be  submitted 
to  the  Executive  Board,  which  was  then  about 
to  meet  in  Philadelphia.  This  was  done,  and  a 
special  meeting  to  consider  the  matter  was 
called  in  New  York,  with  the  result  with  which 
you  are  familiar. 

We  have  been  at  work  21  years  in  develop- 
ing what  may  be  called  a  national  library  sys- 
tem. No  man  can  study  the  history  of  the  li- 
brary movement  and  the  work  of  the  last  20 
years  and  not  see  that  we  shall  never  accom- 
plish our  purpose  fully  until  we  have  a  national 
head  to  this  movement  at  Washington.  One 
might  as  well  expect  to  have  the  United  States 
army  without  having  the  head  of  that  army  a 
department  in  the  national  capital.  There  is  a 
great  deal  of  work  that  could  be  done  through 
headquarters  at  the  national  capital  more  cheap- 
ly than  in  any  other  way ;  it  could  be  carried  on  by 
the  general  government  at  an  expense  so  small 
as  not  to  be  burdensome,  and  in  a  way  that 
would  make  it  infinitely  more  valuable.  With 
the  government  printing  office  and  its  machin- 
ery there,  it  would  be  of  infinite  value  to  the  li- 
brarians of  this  country  to  have  provision  for 
bibliographic  work  and  indexing  in  Washington. 


I  need  not  go  into  details  in  regard  to  that. 
The  practical  question  is  briefly,  Are  we  to  have 
a  national  headquarters  for  this  national  asso- 
ciation ?  We  are  certainly  going  to  have  them 
some  day;  it  may  be  next  year,  it  may  not  be  for 
10  years,  or  it  may  not  be  for  20  years;  but  until 
it  is  brought  about  we  must  look  steadily  in  that 
direction. 

My  own  suggestion  as  to  the  policy  of  the 
Association  in  regard  to  this  matter  is,  that  we 
should  authorize  the  Executive  Board,  when 
they  deem  it  expedient,  to  take  the  steps  which 
would  accomplish  this  re-incorporation.  I  do 
not  think  the  present  time  is  opportune  to  do 
anything  in  the  matter,  but  when  it  shall  seem 
expedient  to  the  Executive  Board,  they  should 
be  authorized  to  secure  a  re-incorporation  of 
the  Association  by  Congress,  thus  giving  it  a 
distinctively  national  character  instead  of  the 
corporate  power  it  now  holds  from  individual 
states. 

Miss  T.  L.  KELSO.  —  This  is  an  important 
subject,  and  if  we  are  going  to  give  the  Execu- 
tive Board  final  authority  to  take  action  in  this 
matter,  now  is  the  time  to  discuss  it  and  to  give 
the  Association  an  opportunity  of  expressing 
fully  the  views  it  holds  on  the  subject.  There 
are  two  sides  to  the  question,  and  I  think  that 
as  good  an  argument  can  be  made  against  it  as 
for  it. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  If  this  is  an  inopportune  time 
for  taking  action  on  the  matter,  it  seems  to  me 
it  is  an  inopportune  time  for  discussing  it.  I 
move  that  the  whole  subject  be  postponed  until 
a  more  opportune  time  for  its  consideration. 
Voted. 

NOMINATIONS. 

The  president  announced  that  the  polls  were 
open,  and  Mr.  Dewey  nominated  for  vice-presi- 
dent John  Thomson.  Mr.  Thomson's  name 
was  added  to  the  ballot  by  the  secretary. 

JOHN  THOMSON,  chairman  of  the  committee, 
presented  a  verbal 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON  TRAVELLING  LIBRARIES. 

JOHN  THOMSON.  —  The  subject  of  travelling 
libraries  is  one  of  very  great  importance,  and 
to  meet  the  wants  of  the  people  we  must  carry 
the  books  to  the  homes  of  the  people.  This 
is  the  very  essence  of  the  travelling  libraries 
system.  The  movement  has  been  tried  in  a 
tentative  manner  in  Philadelphia,  and  whilst 


142 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


we  are  suprised  at  the  success  attained  and 
the  rapidity  with  which  the  people  showed 
their  appreciation  of  the  movement,  we  must 
not  forget  that  rapid  growth  is  by  no  means 
always  accompanied  by  weakness.  While,  of 
course,  the  travelling  library  system  as  found 
in  New  York  state  has  had  a  very  considera- 
ble number  of  years'  experience  in  the  work, 
the  other  states  which  have  adopted  it  since 
and  now  have  travelling  libraries  have  had  a 
remarkable  development  in  that  work.  The 
work  that  was  done  in  New  York  state  showed 
the  importance  of  the  movement,  and  other 
states,  as  opportunity  served,  were  induced  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  example  and  experience 
which  had  been  there  set  forth.  In  five  or  six 
states  the  work  has  been  started;  for  instance, 
in  Wisconsin,  Illinois,  and  elsewhere.  We  had 
hoped  to  have  added  Pennsylvania  to  the  list, 
but  our  state  is  poor;  we  can't  even  pay  for 
our  schools,  and  so  we  have  not  yet  received 
an  appropriation.  But  I  am  never  discouraged. 
It  is  always  darkest  before  dawn,  and  I  am 
looking  everyday  to  see  that  we  have  received, 
as  I  hope  we  may,  some  appropriation,  however 
small,  to  start  the  work  in  Pennsylvania. 

One  great  point  to  be  solved  in  connection 
with  travelling  libraries  is  as  to  the  best  method 
that  can  be  adopted  to  make  them  a  concomitant 
part  of  every  large  free  public  library.  The 
larger  the  town  or  the  city  in  which  the  public 
library  is  established,  the  greater  is  the  need  of 
the  members  of  the  community  for  the  library. 
Every  large  town  and  every  large  city  has  various 
outside  districts  and  small  places  which  cannot 
be  reached  by  the  most  carefully  worked  out 
system  of  a  central  library  with  however  large 
a  number  of  branches.  Take,  for  instance, 
Philadelphia,  which  is  a  remarkably  widely 
scattered  city.  I  could  name  many  places 
which  could  not  be  reached  by  the  work  done 
by  libraries  in  the  centre  of  the  city  or  by  the 
work  of  the  branches.  Therefore  it  is  of  the 
greatest  moment  that  a  travelling  library  move- 
ment should  be  adopted  not  only  in  out-of-the- 
way  parts  of  the  state,  but  also  in  the  out-of- 
the-way  parts  of  cities  and  towns.  We  have  in 
Philadelphia  the  very  best  argument  that  could 
be  produced,  and  one  which  should  have  good 
effect  upon  the  appropriation  committee,  and 
that  is,  we  are  able  to  say  we  are  not  asking  for 
an  appropriation  for  an  experiment,  but  have 
already  taken  the  matter  in  hand  and  have 


achieved  something.  A  certain  number  of  trav- 
elling libraries  have  already  been  established 
within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  and 
are  carried  on  from  the  institution  that  I  have 
the  honor  to  work  in.  I  think,  if  I  give  you  an 
account  of  those  figures,  I  shall  probably  do  the 
most  and  the  best  that  can  be  done  to  stimulate 
every  librarian  in  every  large  town  and  city  to 
try  to  encourage  the  movement,  which  is  one  of 
the  largest  hearted  and  best  movements  in  li- 
brary work. 

We  first  found,  through  that  active  institution 
in  our  city  known  as  the  Civic  Club,  that  there 
were  many  elderly  people  and  persons  in  the 
city,  who  were  not  able  for  some  reason  or 
other  to  avail  themselves  of  the  free  libra- 
ries, and  the  club  was  proposing  to  start  an  in- 
dependent travelling  library  movement.  I  sug- 
gested that  it  would  be  better  to  concentrate  the 
work,  and  it  was  entrusted  to  us.  First,  it  was 
ascertained  that  there  were  many  boys  engaged 
at  the  telegraph  stations  who,  by  reason  of 
their  business,  have  very  long  hours,  and  who 
are  not  very  apt  to  do  much  walking  in  order 
to  obtain  books;  but  that  they  had  an  abun- 
dance of  time  during  their  business  hours  which 
could  be  better  occupied  in  reading  good  books 
than  in  playing  "tag"  or  in  getting  fined  for 
disobedience.  We  therefore  determined  upon 
taking  a  small  collection  of  books,  called  a 
travelling  library,  putting  it  in  a  box,  and  giv- 
ing the  boys  an  opportunity  of  reading  good 
matter  and  thus  keeping  themselves  out  of  mis- 
chief. We  have  supplied  19  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  stations  with  books  in  this 
way.  First  we  supplied  them  with  10  books, 
and  we  are  now  increasing  the  number  to  25 
books  at  each  station.  The  books  are  changed 
every  two  or  three  months  as  the  boys  are  ready 
for  a  new  supply.  We  have  supplied  two  of  the 
American  District  Telegraph  stations  in  the 
same  way,  and  they  have  regularly  been  the  re- 
cipients of  35  books  apiece  in  a  very  short  time. 
But  we  have  to  cut  our  coat  according  to  our 
cloth,  and  the  supply  of  books  is  a  very  im- 
portant consideration. 

There  is  another  class  of  men  in  the  city  who 
are  far  less  able  to  avail  themselves  of  the  priv- 
ileges of  the  free  library  or  of  any  subscription 
library,  and  those  are  the  men  engaged  in  the 
fire-engine  stations.  They  have  no  hours  at 
all,  because  they  must  be  there  at  call  at  a 
moment's  notice  to  go  to  their  work.  They 


SEVENTH  SESSION. 


143 


are  not  men  who  can  go  to  libraries  and  make 
selections  of  books,  and  we  thought  they  would 
be  a  very  good  class  of  persons  on  whom  to 
try  the  effect  of  reading.  We  have  supplied 
38  fire  stations  with  books.  Thirty-seven  of 
those  stations  we  have  supplied  with  libraries 
of  25  books  each.  The  books  are  well  read. 
We  make  as  reasonable  a  selection  as  possible, 
and  try  to  give  them  good  matter. 

Then  come  the  police  stations,  and  we  have 
been  asked  by  the  Director  of  Public  Safety, 
who  is  extremely  interested  in  the  matter,  to 
make  this  a  part  of  our  work.  He  has  person- 
ally subscribed  to  the  movement,  and  has  re- 
quested the  lieutenants  at  the  stations  to  take 
the  greatest  care  they  can  of  the  books  en- 
trusted to  them.  While  we  hope  to  have  about 
30  of  these  libraries  out  before  the  end  of  the 
fall,  we  have  only  been  able  up  to  this  time 
to  supply  three  stations,  partly  for  want  of  time 
and  partly  for  want  of  books.  Later,  we  re- 
ceived a  batch  of  applications  from  outside 
districts  in  the  suburbs. 

Then  came  another  class  of  men,  the  hard- 
working, industrious  men  in  the  large  machine- 
shops.  To  one  of  these  shops  100  books  were 
sent  as  a  start.  At  the  request  of  the  owner  of 
the  works,  the  secretary  of  the  institution,  acting 
as  the  custodian  of  the  books,  distributed  them. 
We  found  that  these  men  reside  chiefly  (proba- 
bly for  financial  reasons)  at  Camden  and  other 
points  far  distant  from  their  work.  They  have 
to  be  at^heir  work  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
ing and  leave  it  at  five  or  six  in  the  afternoon, 
and  when  they  get  home,  have  had  their  wash 
and  their  supper,  they  are  not  likely  to  get  on 
a  wheel  and  go  down  to  the  library  to  get  a 
book.  We  have  found  that  this  movement  as 
started  with  them  promises  to  be  of  the  greatest 
importance. 

This  is  only  an  object  lesson  within  the  limits 
of  the  city,  and  is  mainly  used  as  a  lesson  to 
our  legislators  in  order  to  induce  them  to  ap- 
propriate some  money,  so  that  we  may  carry 
on  the  movement  with  success. 

I  had  a  letter  about  two  weeks  ago  from  a 
place  about  20  miles  out  of  the  city,  saying: 
"  We  must,  if  possible,  get  a  travelling  library." 
I  said  that  we  could  spend  no  money  outside  of 
the  city  limits.  The  people  then  set  to  work  to 
see  what  they  could  do,  and  afterwards  I  re- 
ceived word  from  them  saying  :  "We  have  got 


a  thousand  dollars  to  start  with,  but  for  pity's 
sake  send  the  books  as  quickly  as  possible." 
You  may  imagine  how  disappointed  I  was  to 
be  unable  to  forward  such  a  noble  movement. 
I  cannot,  of  course,  work  outside  of  the  city 
limits  till  I  get  a  state  appropriation.  We 
have  also  received  written  agreements  from 
three  places,  one  in  Clearfield  county,  saying 
if  we  would  start  the  movement  they  would  put 
up  a  little  building  and  pay  the  salary  of  some 
one  to  take  charge  of  the  library  movement. 

The  lesson  to  be  learned  from  all  this  is  that 
the  travelling  library  has  an  end  to  accomplish. 
The  travelling  library  is  a  means  to  an  end. 
It  is  a  means  of  teaching  these  outside  places 
the  value  and  necessity  of  a  library.  And  where 
the  travelling  library  gets  a  good  foothold,  there 
before  long  we  shall  find  a  large  free  public  li- 
brary. 

F.  A.  HUTCHINS  being  absent,  his  paper  on 

LOCAL  SUPERVISION  OF  TRAVELLING  LIBRARIES 

was  read  by  title  and  ordered  printed. 
(Seep.  17.) 

Announcement  was  made  by  the  president 
that  instead  of  holding  an  evening  session,  as 
originally  planned,  it  had  been  decided  to  con- 
sider at  the  afternoon  session  all  the  business 
given  in  the  program  to  the  afternoon  and  even- 
ing sessions.  A  recess  was  taken  at  12.05. 

SEVENTH  SESSION. 

(DREXEL    INSTITUTE,   THURSDAY    AFTERNOON, 
JUNE  24.) 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  2.25  p.m. 
by  President  BRETT. 

C.  W.  ANDREWS,  in  the  absence  of  C:  H. 
GOULD,  chairman,  read  the 

REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  ON   FOREIGN  DOCUMENTS. 

To  the  President  and  Council  of  the  American 

Library  Association. 

GENTLEMEN  :     The    Committee    on    Foreign 
Documents  begs  leave  to  make  the   following 
report  on  Canadian  public  documents,  supple- 
menting its  reports  of  last  year. 
ONTARIO.  —  The  chief  documents  are: 
Public  accounts. 
Department  of  Agriculture. 
Asylums. 
Department  of  crown  lands. 


144 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Minister  of  Education. 

Public  health. 

Mines. 

Sessional  papers. 

Statutes. 

A  complete  list  of  these  documents  is  pub- 
lished with  the  sessional  papers  for  each  year. 
NEWFOUNDLAND.  —  The  chief  documents  are: 

Acts  of  the  Legislature. 

Consolidated  statutes. 

Journal  of  the  House  of  Assembly. 

Fishery  report. 

Education  reports. 

Geological  report. 

The  Queen's  Printer  at  Ottawa  and  the  Pro- 
vincial Secretary  of  the  several  provincial  gov- 
ernments should  be  applied  to  if  documents  are 
desired.  The  committee  regrets  that  no  re- 
port from  the  province  of  Manitoba  is  yet  to 
hand. 

The  committee  further  reports  that  they  have 
undertaken  to  prepare  a  list  of  the  serial  publi- 
cations of  the  French  government,  and  they 
have  at  present  133  titles  divided  among  the 
departments  and  bureaus  as  follows: 

General 3 

Affaires  etrangeres       .     .     .     .     i 

Agriculture 7 

Assemblee  Nationale  ....     6 

Colonies 4 

Commerce 18 

Finances .     8 

Guerre        14 

Instruction  publique     ....  28 

Interieur 9 

Justice        3 

Bureau  des  Longitudes    ...     4 

Marine       8 

Bureau  Meteorologique         .     .     2 

Salut  publique I 

Travaux  publiques       .     .     .     .17 

Total 133 

The  difficulties  met  with  in  this  work  were 
considerable.  There  is,  so'far  as  is  known  to 
the  committee,  no  such  list  published  in  any 
available  form.  The  "  Almanach  National," 
which  might  be  expected  to  furnish  the  titles, 
does  not  give  them,  although  clues  to  several 
were  found  there.  The  list  issued  by  the  Im- 
primerie  Nationale  cannot  pretend  to  be  com- 
plete even  for  what  is  printed  there,  and  of 


course  does  not  give  what  is  printed  elsewhere. 
The  largest  number  was  obtained  by  careful 
examination  of  the  "  Bibliographic  Frangaise," 
but  this  was  very  considerably  supplemented 
from  several  other  sources. 

The  list  is  at  present  in  card  form  and  needs 
revision  and  completion,  which  will  be  made  if 
possible  by  one  of  the  members  of  the  commit- 
tee while  in  Paris  this  summer. 

The  committee,  therefore,  begs  leave  to 
make  this  report  as  a  report  of  progress  on  the 
subject. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

C.   H.  GOULD,   Chairman, 
By  C.  W.  ANDREWS. 

W:  E.  FOSTER  presented  the 

REPORT   OF  AUDITING  COMMITTEE. 

The  undersigned  have  examined  the  ac- 
counts from  September  i,  1896  to  June  I, 
1897,  of  Mr.  George  W.  Cole  and  Mr.  Charles 
K.  Bolton,  treasurers  of  the  American  Library 
Association,  and  find  them  correctly  kept,  with 
vouchers  for  all  payments.  The  balance  re- 
ported as  on  hand  ($1102.20)  agrees  with  the 
pass-books'of  the  New  England  Trust  Co.  and 
the  Brookline  National  Bank. 

f  JAMES    L.    WHITNEY,    Chairman 

of  the  Finance  Committee. 
WILLIAM  E.  FOSTER,  Member  of 
Auditing  ^e  Finance  Committee. 

Committee,  \  HENRY     J.     CARR,    Member    of 

Auditing  Committee. 
E.    H.    ANDERSON,   Member    of 
Auditing  Committee. 

JUNE  24,  1897. 

The  report  was  received  and  ordered  re- 
corded. 

APPROPRIATION     FROM     ENDOWMENT     FUND      TO 
PUBLISHING   SECTION. 

W:  E.  FOSTER. — The  Council  have  the  fol- 
lowing communication  to  present: 

The  Council  having  considered  the  question 
of  transfer  of  funds  from  the  Endowment  Fund 
to  the  Publishing  Section,  as  referred  to  in  the 
printed  report  of  the  latter,  voted  unanimously 
"that  the  Trustees  of  the  Endowment  Fund  be 
directed  to  apply  such  portion  of  the  interest  of 
the  Endowment  Fund  as  may  be  necessary  for 
that  purpose,  to  the  extinguishment  of  the 
notes  of  the  Publishing  Section  now  held." 


SEVENTH  SESSION. 


This  proposition  has  been  submitted  to  Mr. 
Soule,  the  only  member  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Endowment  Fund  present  at  this  meeting,  and 
has  his  approval. 

WILLIAM  E.  FOSTER, 
Secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A.  Council. 

ERNST  LEMCKE  read  his  paper  on 

THE  LIBRARIAN  AND   THE   IMPORTER. 

(Seep.  12.) 

J.  N.  WING.  —  If  all  librarians,  when  send- 
ing a  list  to  a  bookseller,  will  use  ink  that  will 
copy,  they  will  save  the  bookseller  a  great  deal 
of  labor  and  trouble.  Do  not  use  stylographic 
ink ;  it  will  not  copy.  As  to  the  question  of  books 
returned.  A  great  many  librarians  forget  how 
the  return  of  books  affects  the  bookseller,  and 
some  of  them  do  not  consider  how  small  the 
profits  are.  They  order  perhaps  forty  or  fifty 
dollars'  worth  of  books.  The  profit  on  that  list 
of  books  at  library  rates  is  about  three  or 
four  dollars  at  the  outside.  If  they  return  a 
five-dollar  book  the  whole  profit  is  lost. 

G:  A.  MACBETH  presented  an  announcement 
from 

THE  TRUSTEES'  SECTION. 

At  a  prolonged  session  of  the  Trustees'  Sec- 
tion we  have  thought  best  to  call  a  meeting  of 
trustees  in  New  York  in  the  winter.  Let  us 
try  the  plan  of  flocking  by  ourselves  without 
librarians.  Mr.  T.  Guilford  Smith,  of  Buffalo, 
has  been  appointed  chairman  of  the  Section, 
and  we  have  mapped  out  a  program  of  topics 
for  discussion  at  this  trustees'  meeting.  If  the 
librarians  can  lend  their  aid  in  announcing  this 
meeting  to  their  trustees,  and  asking  these  to 
aid  in  having  as  large  a  meeting  of  trustees  as 
possible,  they  will  help  us  very  much,  and  it  is 
altogether  likely  that  that  meeting  will  deter- 
mine much  as  to  future  events. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  DANA,  chairman,  Miss 
M.  E.  AHERN  made  the  following  verbal 

REPORT  OF   COMMITTEE   ON   CO-OPERATION   WITH 
LIBRARY  DEPARTMENT  OF  NATIONAL  EDU- 
CATIONAL ASSOCIATION. 

Miss  M.  E.  AHERN. — The  report  of  this  com- 
mittee can  all  be  embodied  in  one  word,  and  that 
is  progress.  The  committee  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
which  was  to  work  with  the  officers  of  the  Library 
Department  of  the  N.  E.  A.,  were  a  little  late  in 
being  appointed,  so  that  work  was  not  begun 


until  a  short  time  ago.  A  circular  letter  was  sent 
out  to  a  number  of  librarians  and  to  every  mem- 
ber of  the  committee,  asking  for  suggestions  to 
be  made  regarding  the  line  of  work  to  be  taken 
up  at  the  Milwaukee  meeting  of  the  N.  E.  A. ; 
but  up  to  to-day  I  have  not  received  any  sug- 
gestions as  to  what  either  the  librarians  or  the 
teachers  would  like  taken  up.  However,  the 
executive  board  of  the  Library  Department 
have  prepared  a  plan  and  made  arrangements 
for  the  meeting  of  the  Department  in  July.  I 
can  say,  therefore,  that  those  who  attend  the 
meeting  will  have  a  very  interesting  time,  and 
that  a  large  part  of  the  program  will  probably 
be  devoted  to  the  work  almost  entirely  from 
the  standpoint  of  the  teacher.  Since  I  have 
come  here  some  librarians  have  said  to  me 
they  thought  this  was  a  mistake.  It  is  possibly 
so,  but  in  the  judgment  of  those  who  had  the 
matter  in  charge  it  seemed  the  best  course  to 
pursue  at  that  time,  and  I  can  only  say  that  if 
librarians  will  make  an  effort  to  attend  that 
meeting,  and  give  of  the  knowledge  which  they 
have  accumulated  in  regard  to  the  matter,  it 
may  be  that  it  will  modify  the  opinion  of  the 
committee  who  have  the  program  in  charge. 

The  report  was  received  and  ordered  re- 
corded. 

C:  R.  DUDLEY,  chairman,  presented  the  re- 
port of  the 

COMMITTEE    ON    LIBRARY   EDITIONS    OF    POPULAR 
BOOKS. 

In  some  respects  it  was  unfortunate  that  the 
members  of  the  Committee  on  Library  Editions 
of  Popular  Books  were  so  widely  scattered  that 
it  was  impossible  for  them  to  hold  meetings,  and 
particularly  unfortunate  that  no  member  of  the 
committee  was  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

From  correspondence  and  such  interviews 
with  publishers,  as  have  been  possible,  your  com- 
mittee begs  leave  to  report  that  they  believe  the 
scheme  as  "briefly  considered  at  the  Lake  Placid 
and  Cleveland  meetings  is  feasible.  It  is  sim- 
ply a  business  proposition.  Publishers  will 
make  any  kind  of  a  book  the  librarians  ask  for, 
provided  they  will  agree  to  buy  it.  It  is  only 
necessary  for  the  members  of  this  Association 
to  say  that  they  want  the  popular  novels  printed 
on  a  tough  rag  paper,  sewed  on  tapes  and  cov- 
ered in  a  substantial  manner,  and  that  they  will 
buy  only  such  editions  when  they  are  made. 

It  is  believed  that  such  an  edition  can  be  made 


146 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


for  about  25  per  cent,  more  than  is  charged  for 
the  ordinary  editions,  and  that  it  will  stand  at 
least  three  times  as  much  wear. 

This  committee  would  suggest  that  a  new 
committee  be  named,  with  a  chairman,  living  in 
New  York  City,  with  the  other  members  in 
Boston,  Philadelphia,  and  Chicago,  or  other 
publishing  centres. 

We  further  suggest  that  members  of  the  As- 
sociation send  to  the  committee  during  the  en- 
suing year  a  list  of  such  popular  books  as  they 
cannot  find  in  good  editions,  so  that  the  com- 
mittee may  be  able  to  prepare  a  list  of  such 
books  for  submission  to  publishers. 

Dr.  B.  C.  STEINER.  —  The  great  difficulty  in 
reference  to  books  is  not  so  much,  it  seems  to 
me,  with  regard  to  the  books  published  this 
year,  but  as  to  the  books  which  have  been  pub- 
lished in  previous  years,  and  which  the  original 
publishers  have  not  kept  in  stock,  but  which  are 
still  asked  for  by  the  public.  In  many  such 
cases  the  original  publisher  has  sold  the  worn- 
out  plates  to  some  corporation  or  firm  which 
issues  the  book  in  very  poor  paper  and  binding, 
and  it  seems  to  me  it  would  be  a  very  advanta- 
geous thing  for  each  librarian  to  inform  the 
committee  of  such  books.  I  can  make  quite  a 
list  from  my  own  experience.  I  replace  5000  or 
6000  volumes  a  year,  and  there  are  some  au- 
thors extremely  difficult  to  get.  The  publish- 
ers say  it  does  not  pay  them  to  keep  publishing 
the  older  novels,  because  there  is  no  special  de- 
mand for  them.  But  even  if  a  popular  author 
is  not  in  demand  by  people  who  are  buying 
books  for  private  libraries,  there  ought  to  be  an 
edition  in  print,  and  there  would  be  if  publishers 
knew  librarians  wanted  it,  and  if  librarians  were 
willing  to  buy  a  sufficient  number  to  make  it 
worth  while  to  publish  an  edition,  and  it  seems 
to  me  that  is  one  of  the  things  we  can  accom- 
plish by  having  librarians  send  a  list  to  this 
committee  in  the  ensuing  year.  Another  thing 
which  would  be  useful  would  be  for  any  libra- 
rian who  wishes  to  do  so,  to  make  any  sugges- 
tions as  to  the  quality  of  paper,  type,  size  of 
book  and  kind  of  binding  that  ought  to  be  pro- 
vided. This  committee  has  really  done  very 
little  more  than  report  progress,  but  it  seems  to 
me  it  has  reported  progress  in  such  a  way  as  to 
expect  that  something  practical  will  be  done 
during  the  coming  year.  If  every  one  bears 
the  matter  in  mind  and  is  anxious  to  help,  next 
year  the  committee  will  be  able  to  make  a  de- 


cided report  —  a  report  which  can  be  used  in  a 
definite  way  with  publishers. 

The  report  was  received  and  ordered  recorded. 

APPROPRIATION   FOR   PUBLISHING   SECTION. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  It  should  be  borne  in 
mind  by  the  Association  that  as  the  Publishing 
Section  under  its  new  constitution  is  merely 
a  committee  of  the  Association,  the  Association 
is  entirely  at  liberty  to  direct  in  any  way  the 
operations  of  the  Section.  As  we  have  a  Coun- 
cil under  whose  direction  such  matters  can  be 
arranged  for  a  vote  by  the  Association,  it  is  per- 
haps the  better  way,  unless  some  one  has  some 
special  point  to  bring  up  to  be  acted  on,  that 
the  Section  go  on  with  its  work  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  Council. 

W.  H.  AUSTIN.  — I  move  that  the  Association 
appropriate  $500  out  of  its  general  fund  for  the 
use  of  the  Publishing  Section,  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  Council.  Voted. 

"A.  L.  A.  CATALOG"  SUPPLEMENT. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  —  The  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee who  had  the  publication  of  the  supple- 
ment to  the  "A.  L.  A.  catalog"  in  charge  has 
been  in  correspondence  with  publishers  and 
with  the  government,  and  it  seems  to  be  a 
matter  of  doubt  whether  the  government  can 
undertake  that  publication  or  not.  I  under- 
stand in  case  it  is  decided  by  the  Bureau  of 
Education  that  it  cannot  do  the  work  the  Pub- 
lishing Section  is  probably  prepared  to  under- 
take it,  and,  therefore,  I  move  that  the  Asso- 
ciation express  to  the  Publishing  Section  its 
approval  of  the  publication  of  the  supplement 
to  the  "A.  L.  A.  catalog,"  coming  down  to  the 
end  of  the  present  month  from  the  close  of  the 
original  "A.  L.  A-  catalog,"  provided  the  work 
cannot  be  done  by  the  Bureau  of  Education 
within  a  reasonable  time. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF. — The  lists  published,  as 
I  understand  it,  have  been  preliminary  lists  — 
lists  that  are  largely  tentative.  The  Associa- 
tion has  a  number  of  times  criticised  those  lists 
as  not  containing  the  names  of  various  books 
that  have  been  suggested  as  belonging  in  them, 
and  suggestions  have  been  made  in  regard  to 
others  that  do  not  belong  there,  and  I  think 
that  the  lists  are  decidedly  not  in  any  condition 
for  the  Publishing  Section  or  any  one  else  to 
take  hold  of.  I  think  the  proper  action  would 
be  to  have  those  lists  revised,  brought  down  to 


SEVENTH  SESSION. 


a  given  date,  and  again  submitted  to  either  the 
committee,  the  Executive  Board,  or  the  Associa- 
tion itself. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  If  those  lists  are  not  in 
proper  shape  we  have  very  little  hope  of  getting 
them  so.  They  have  been  in  the  hands  of  an 
efficient  committee,  and  that  committee,  out  of 
their  wish  to  get  all  the  help  possible,  has 
referred  the  lists  to  the  Association,  and  has 
exercised  its  best  judgment  in  carrying  out  the 
suggestions  received. 

J.  N.  LARKED.  —  My  suggestion  had  refer- 
ence to  the  list  as  a  tentative  list  presented  here 
for  the  criticism  of  the  Association.  That  list  is 
to  be  revised  by  the  committee,  in  the  same 
way  as  the  list  of  last  year  was  examined  and 
criticised  at  Cleveland.  My  motion  had  refer- 
ence to  the  lists  as  they  will  be  ready  finally. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF.  —  I  do  not  think  the  As- 
sociation has  had  a  chance  to  give  fair  criticism 
of  that  list.  I  do  not  think  the  list  was  in  the 
hands  of  the  members  of  the  committee  them- 
selves until  three  or  four  days  before  this  meet- 
ing. When  the  list  is  made  as  a  tentative  list 
and  presented  to  the  Association  for  its  criti- 
cism, I  think  an  opportunity  for  intelligent 
criticism  should  be  given  the  Association. 

Mr.  LARNED'S  motion  was  adopted. 

PLACE   OF   NEXT    MEETING. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  Personally  I  would  favor 
going  to  Atlanta  at  some  future  time.  If  we 
are  going  to  Atlanta  I  should  favor  going  in 
May  rather  than  in  July  or  August,  or  I  would 
suggest  meeting  there  in  October.  But  I  had 
supposed  that  the  invitation  to  go  to  Atlanta 
was  coming  a  year  or  two  later.  I  will  repeat 
my  motion  of  this  morning,  That  the  matter  of 
place  of  next  meeting  be  left  with  the  Executive 
Board  with  power  to  select,  with  the  preference 
for  Chautauqua  Lake  early  in  July. 

Miss  M.  E.  HAZELTINE.  —  Lake  Chautauqua 
extends  a  greeting  to  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation; a  cordial  greeting  and  a  cordial  invi- 
tation to  meet  on  its  shores  in  1898.  We  offer 
you  the  pleasures  of  a  summer  resort;  a  beau- 
tiful lake  surrounded  by  hills  1200  feet  above 
the  Atlantic  and  700  feet  above  Lake  Erie.  It 
is  cool  and  delightful,  with  pleasant  drives  and 
boating  and  fishing  and  bathing.  We  do  not 
ask  you  to  have  your  meeting  right  in  James- 
town, a  small  city  at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  nor 
do  we  ask  you  to  go  to  the  great  Chautauqua  at 


the  head  of  the  lake;  but  to  come  to  some  of 
the  resorts  between  these  two  places  —  Lake- 
wood,  perhaps,  for  there  are  two  large  summer 
hotels  there.  The  place  is  easy  of  access.  It 
is  half  way  between  New  York  and  Chicago  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  and  is  easily  reached  from 
those  two  cities.  I  talked  with  some  of  the  rail- 
road men  before  I  left,  and  they  promised  me  a 
fare  and  a  third,  and  hoped  to  be  able  to  make 
it  a  one-fare  rate.  I  have  seen  the  hotel  men 
at  Lakewood,  and  they  say  you  can  own  the 
whole  lake  if  you  come  early  in  July  or  in  Sep- 
tember; the  summer  boarders  will  not  come 
until  July,  and  will  be  gone  by  September. 

Lakewood  extends  a  cordial  greeting  and  will 
be  glad  to  receive  you.  The  Library  Board  of 
Jamestown  extends  a  cordial  invitation  to  you, 
and  all  the  people  around  are  as  anxious  to  re- 
ceive you  as  I  am  and  as  the  Library  Board  are. 
We  hope  that  you  will  come. 

The  invitation  to  Jamestown  presented  by 
Miss  Hazeltine  was  supported  by  H:  L.  ELMEN- 
DORF and  Col.  WESTON  FLINT. 

Dr.  J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  In  view  of  the  presen- 
tation of  these  claims  on  us,  and  the  invitation 
given  to  visit  Chautauqua,  I  waive,  for  the  pres- 
ent, the  project  of  having  the  Association  come 
to  Minneapolis  to  hold  its  next  meeting. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF.  —  I  move  as  a  substitute 
to  Mr.  Dewey's  motion,  that  the  conference  meet 
next  year  in  Chautauqua. 

A  vote  was  taken  and  division  called;  a  rising 
vote  was  then  had,  and  the  substitute  motion 
was  carried  by  73  to  53. 

RESOLUTION   ON   ELECTION   OF  OFFICERS. 

Dr.  B.  C.  STEINER. — This  morning  when  we 
came  to  the  election  of  officers  it  seemed  that  we 
had  no  definite  list  by  which  we  could  be  sure  that 
the  voting  would  be  properly  carried  on.  This 
seems  too  lax  a  method  of  transacting  business. 
Of  course  it  has  produced  no  inconvenience  yet, 
and  may  not  for  some  time  to  come,  but  it  can- 
not go  on  in  such  a  careless  way  without  lead- 
ing us  into  difficulty.  I  wish  to  propose  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  treasurer  of  the  Associa- 
tion prepare  and  furnish  to  the  secretary  yearly, 
at  the  beginning  of  the  annual  conference,  a 
list  of  the  members  entitled  to  vote,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  provisions  of  the  constitution." 

The  constitution  is  very  clear.  A  member 
has  a  right  to  vote,  and  if  the  treasurer,  who 


148 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


is  the  person  able  to  do  so,  furnishes  such  a 
list  to  the  secretary,  there  will  be  no  trouble  in 
having  that  list  prepared  so  as  to  avoid  any  pos- 
sible difficulty.      Voted. 
In  the  absence  of  A.  H.  HOPKINS,  chairman,  the 

REPORT   OF   COMMITTEE   ON   LIBRARY   SCHOOLS 

was  read  by  title  and  ordered  printed. 

(Seep.  87.) 
Papers  on 

METHODS   OF  CHILDREN'S   LIBRARY  WORK   AS   DE- 
TERMINED BY  THE  NEEDS  OF  THE  CHILDREN 

were  read  by  the  Rev.  E.  M.  FAIRCHILD  (see 
p.  19.)  and  Miss  EMMA  L.  ADAMS  (seep.  28.). 

ELECTION   OF   OFFICERS. 

The  tellers  of  the  election  reported  the  result 
of  the  balloting  as  follows  : 

President :  Justin  Winsor,  108;  scattering,  60. 

Vice-presidents:  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  72; 
Hannah  P.  James.  67;  F:  M.  Crunden,  65  (seven 
others  received  votes  varying  from  32  to  60). 

Secretary:  Melvil  Dewey,  132;  scattering,  35. 

Treasurer:  Gardner  M.  Jones,  131;  scatter- 
ing, 33- 

Recorder:  Helen  E.  Haines,  65  (two  others 
received  respectively  46  and  51). 

Trustee  of  Endowment  Fund  :  George  W.  Will- 
iams, 72  (two  others  received  respectively  21 
and  67). 

A.  L.  A.  Council:  W:  I.  Fletcher,  125;  W:  E. 
Foster,  115;  R.  R.  Bowker,  105;  C:  A.  Cutter, 
102  (four  others  received  respectively  68,  39,  37, 
and  34). 

APPOINTMENT   OF   COMMITTEE   ON   N.    Y.    PUBLIC 
LIBRARY. 

President  BRETT  announced  the  committee  on 
resolutions  in  regard  to  the  New  York  Public 
Library  building  "as  follows:  H:  L.  Elmendorf, 
J.  N.  Larned,  C:  C.  Soule. 

The  meeting  was  adjourned  at  5.07  until  the 
next  morning. 

EIGHTH  SESSION. 

(DREXEL   INSTITUTE,   FRIDAY  MORNING,   JUNE 

25.) 

The  eighth  session,  held  simultaneously  with 
the  separate  meeting  of  the  College  Section, 
continued  the  subject  of  ELEMENTARY  LIBRARY 
WORK.  The  meeting  was  called  to  order  in  the 
library  of  Drexel  Institute,  at  9.20  a.m.,  by  Miss 
Linda  A.  Eastman,  chairman. 


Miss  VIRGINIA  DODGE  read  a  paper  on 
LIBRARIANS'  AIDS. 
(Seep.  67.) 

Miss  L.  E.  STEARNS.  —  Among  the  many 
good  points  of  the  paper,  I  note  one  that  is  not 
generally  known;  that  is,  with  reference  to  the 
obtaining  of  a  plethora  of  documents  and  his- 
torical matter  from  historical  societies,  without 
paying  the  high  prices  that  are  often  asked  by 
second-hand  dealers.  Our  experience  in  Mil- 
waukee has  been  that  we  can  join  the  State 
Historical  Society  by  paying  a  membership  fee 
of  $2,  and  with  that  membership  go  invalua- 
ble books  which  would  in  any  other  way  be  $5 
or  $6  a  volume.  This  is  an  important  point  for 
the  small  library. 

Miss  MARY  EMOGENE  HAZELTINE  followed 
with  a  talk  on 

ADVERTISING  A  LIBRARY. 
(Seep.  74.) 

Miss  EASTMAN.  —  We  have  to  advertise  our 
library  on  a  wholesale  scale,  as  is  true  in  many 
of  the  larger  libraries,  and  it  may  be  interesting 
and  possibly  helpful  to  some  of  you  to  know 
how  we  get  space  in  papers  that  are  not  willing 
to  give  it  to  us.  This  difficulty  in  getting  space 
applies,  I  think,  to  a  much  greater  extent  in  a 
large  city  than  in  a  small  town.  We  have  for 
years  had  the  new  books  of  the  week  advertised 
regularly  in  the  two  most  important  papers  of 
the  city  ;  the  smaller  and  more  popular  penny 
papers  refused  to  give  space  for  the  lists  of 
new  books,  and  the  attitude  of  all  the  papers 
was  that  they  would  pick  up  items  about  the 
library  occasionally,  which  were  very  apt  to 
be  items  that  we  didn't  want  published,  while 
anything  that  we  particularly  wished  to  have 
made  public  was  overlooked.  We  began  by 
suiting  ourselves  to  the  circumstances,  and, 
as  a  rule,  found  we  could  have  about  an  inch 
of  space.  We  instituted  a  sort  of  bargain- 
counter,  and  from  week  to  week  we  studied 
to  keep  something  continually  going.  As  Miss 
Hazeltine  says,  the  ball  must  be  kept  rolling  all 
the  time.  We  get  the  brightest  little  announce- 
ments we  can.  Sometimes  the  reporters  will 
write  them;  more  often  we  have  to  write  them 
ourselves,  and  the  assistants  take  turns  in  so 
doing.  One  may  have  a  special  inspiration  on 
a  special  week,  and  some  of  the  very  brightest 
things  we  have  had  have  come  from  some  of 


EIGHTH  SESSION. 


149 


the  younger  and  newer  assistants.  We  sent  to 
all  of  the  papers,  weeklies  and  dailies,  a  letter 
asking  if  they  would  insert  short  notices  such 
as  the  enclosed,  and  on  what  day  they  would 
prefer  to  have  them;  they  nearly  all  replied 
that  they  would  be  glad  to  take  them.  We 
made  a  card  catalog,  as  it  were,  of  the  addresses 
of  the  papers,  the  days  on  which  they  go  to  press, 
etc.,  and  we  plan  a  week  or  so  ahead  the  sub- 
ject we  are  going  to  advertise,  and  get  our 
announcements  ready.  In  order  that  there 
shall  not  be  a  sameness  in  the  items  —  for  a 
paper  objects  to  publishing  just  what  every 
other  paper  has  published  —  sometimes  differ- 
ent members  of  the  staff  write  to  different  papers 
the  announcement  of  the  books  of  the  week. 

In  the  middle  of  the  winter,  when  people 
were  thinking  of  winter  resorts,  we  advertised 
a  collection  of  books  suited  to  them.  The  first 
one  last  fall  was  on  the  subject  of  the  horse,  at 
the  time  when  the  horse  fair  was  being  held. 
We  had  a  list  on  Scotland  at  the  time  "Ian 
Maclaren"  was  in  the  city,  and  our  "Irish 
week  "  brought  a  great  many  people  who  had 
not  been  in  the  library,  they  said,  for  years,  and 
some  of  whom  never  had  been  there.  We  adver- 
tised "  Art  "  the  week  that  we  began  the  circula- 
tion of  pictures,  and  the  subject  proved  so  suc- 
cessful that  we  carried  it  on  the  second  week  with 
an  exhibit  of  book-cover  designs,  which  were 
shown  for  a  week,  and  then  sent  to  the  schools 
in  sets  for  design  work  in  drawing.  Children's 
books  made  a  vacation  subject,  when  we  sent 

nvitations  to  the  schools,  besides  advertising 
through  the  papers.  Books  on  nature  have 
been  advertised  in  different  ways  during  several 
weeks  of  this  spring,  and  each  week  the  adver- 
tising has  brought  a  great  many  people  who  are 
anxious  for  the  books.  One  week  we  advertised 
a  "little  book"  show,  picking  out  all  the  little 
books  that  were  easy  to  carry  in  one's  pocket, 
and  that  brought  bicyclers  ;  we  are  publishing 
also  a  bicycle  reading  list  which  we  will  post  in 
every  bicycle  store  in  town,  as  well  as  in  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  reading-rooms.  The  subjects  of 

"  historical  romance  "  and  "  romantic  history  " 
brought  many  people. 

We  have  also  a  daily  exhibit  of  special  books, 
in  the  fiction  alcove,  where  we  bring  from  all 
of  the  other  alcoves  a  miscellaneous  collection 
of  bright  books  on  every  subject,  changed  from 
day  to  day;  in  this  alcove,  at  the  point  nearest 
the  door,  where  the  people  are  most  apt  to  go 


during  the  noon  rush,  we  have  a  rack  filled 
with  these  "books  for  busy  people."  In  the 
hall  is  a  bulletin-board  containing  a  list  of  the 
important  events  of  the  day,  taken  from  the 
daily  papers,  with  the  announcement  that  ma- 
terial on  these  subjects  will  be  found  in  the 
reference  and  reading  rooms.  In  assisting 
others  to  advertise,  we  have  had  some  co-oper- 
ation with  the  city  art  schools;  they  have  been 
having  prize  contests,  and  have  been  glad  to 
lend  us  the  prize  pictures.  We  have  no  room 
in  which  to  show  any  large  collection,  but  we 
had  a  screen  made  and  put  in  one  of  the  al- 
coves, and  on  it  we  put  these  pictures.  Bret 
Harte's  "Cressy"  and  two  or  three  of  Miss 
Wilkins'  stories  have  been  illustrated  by  the  art 
class,  and  of  course  showing  those  illustrations 
made  a  demand  for  the  books. 

These  special  exhibits  have  brought  not  only 
an  individual,  but  a  wholesale  use  of  the  books, 
by  suggesting  to  more  than  one  person  the  idea 
that  they  could  get  for  class  work,  club  work, 
etc.,  collections  of  books  such  as  they  saw.  It 
was  the  means,  for  instance,  of  starting  what 
We  were  most  anxious  for  —  co-operation  in 
a  very  close  way  with  the  Normal  School.  It 
happened  that  they  were  taking  up  geography 
by  countries  in  the  Normal  School  just  at  the 
time  when  we  began  our  "country"  exhibits. 
The  Normal  School  principal  came  and  asked 
if  she  could  have  pictures  of  Scotland.  We 
had  no  pictures  of  Scotland,  aside  from  the  il- 
lustrations in  books,  but  suggested  immediately 
that  we  would  be  glad  to  furnish  the  books 
and  would  also  send  some  of  the  better  illus- 
trated works  for  a  short  time  from  the  refer- 
ence-room. We  sent  some  75  books.  The  re- 
sult was  that  the  school  had  books  on  one 
subject  after  another,  and  this  is  leading  rapidly 
to  a  systematic  study  of  juvenile  literature  in 
the  Normal  School;  we  accomplished  this  by 
simply  taking  it  for  granted  that  they  wanted 
the  best  children's  books  on  every  subject  they 
were  to  teach,  and  it  has  led  to  a  serious  study 
of  juvenile  books. 

Last  week  this  was  the  announcement  in  one 
of  the  papers : 

"  PLANS   FOR     THE     SUMMER.      HAVE   YOU     MADE 
THEM? 

"See  the  books  on  Summer  Resorts,  Summer 
Outings,  Camping  and  Fishing,  and,  above  all, 
the  books  suggesting  ways  for  summer  comfort 
and  pleasure  at  home. 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


"  These  books  will  be  the  special  feature  at  the 
Public  Library  during  the  week  beginning  June 
14,  and  also  at  the  West  Side,  Woodland, 
Miles  Park,  and  South  Side  branches." 

On  one  of  our  bulletin-boards  we  had  the  fol- 
lowing : 

"  When  all  thy  soul  with  city  dust  is  dry, 
Seek  some  green  spot  where  a  brook  tinkles  by ; 
But,  if  thy  lot  denies  both  nook  and  brook, 
Turn  to  green  thoughts  in  a  fresh  leafy  book." 

I  think  Mr.  Wright  can  give  us  suggestions 
regarding  what  he  has  done  in  advertising  the 
St.  Joseph  Public  Library. 

P.  B.  WRIGHT.  —  As  a  beginner  in  the  work, 
I  did  not  expect  to  be  asked  to  say  anything  at 
this  session,  but  anticipated  learning  much 
through  listening.  In  this  latter  respect  I  have 
not  been  disappointed.  However,  as  to  adver- 
tising, a  number  of  plans  are  followed  in  ad- 
vertising the  St.  Joseph  Library.  We  rely 
principally  upon  a  large  blackboard  (4x8  feet) 
to  keep  up  the  interest  of  casual  visitors.  Upon 
this  is  written  or  posted  lists  of  new  books, 
pictures,  and  announcements  of  all  kinds.  In 
writing  these  so-called  "ads,"  colored  chalks 
are  used,  which  gives  life  to  the  board.  The 
daily  newspapers  come  first  in  bringing  in  new 
patrons  to  the  library.  The  two  morning 
newspapers  publish  such  library  notes  as  we 
can  furnish,  together  with  lists  of  new  books. 
These  notes  and  book  lists  are  always  pub- 
lished in  the  Sunday  morning  editions,  as  more 
attention  is  paid  to  them  by  the  public  than  if 
published  in  one  of  the  week-day  issues.  Copy 
is  furnished  not  later  than  the  middle  of  the 
week,  giving  the  printers  ample  time  to  get  it 
set  up  and  corrected.  It  also  avoids  the  Satur- 
day night  rush,  common  in  all  printing  offices. 
Through  a  recent  arrangement  with  the  busi- 
ness offices,  the  metal  slugs  for  the  book  lists 
(linotype  machines  being  used)  are  supplied  to 
the  library  at  the  cost  of  the  metal,  about  five  or 
six  cents  a  pound.  These  slugs,  or  lines  of  type, 
are  preserved,  and  when  250  or  300  titles  have 
accumulated,  a  bulletin  is  published,  averaging 
10  a  year.  Credit  is  given  on  the  bulletin  for 
the  newspaper  furnishing  the  type  therein. 
Other  uses  found  for  the  type  or  metal  thus 
obtained  is  in  getting  up  supplements  and  in 
publishing  select  or  special  lists,  books  of  the 
year,  etc.  These  slugs  of  course  finally  wear 
out,  and  are  then  traded  in  as  metal  for  new 
type  lists,  pound  for  pound.  The  expense  is 


therefore  the  purchase  in  the  first  instance. 
We  expect  the  original  purchase  of  500  or  600 
pounds  of  metal  to  run  the  library  for  years 
through  this  system  of  interchanging. 

Another  thing  that  has  increased  the  use  of 
the  library  is  the  telephone.  Every  encourage- 
ment is  given  to  use  the  telephone  for  legiti- 
mate library  purposes.  Business  men  who  are 
too  busy  to  come  to  us  are  encouraged  to  ask 
over  the  'phone  such  questions  as  a  library  is 
supposed  to  be  able  to  answer.  In  furnishing 
such  answers,  the  authority  quoted  is  always 
given.  The  library  was  recently  of  value  to 
one  of  the  large  jobbing  houses  in  furnishing 
information  speedily  as  to  how  goods  had  to  be 
packed  for  shipment  to  an  Alaska  mining  camp, 
the  means  of  transportation  as  found  in  a 
government  publication  furnishing  the  clue. 
People  are  notified  (by  'phone)  when  books  for 
which  cards  have  been  left  or  requests  made  have 
come  in,  answers  are  given  as  to  whether  certain 
books  are  on  the  shelves  and  may  be  obtained 
—  in  fact,  everything  is  done  to  make  the  libra- 
ry popular  that  a  private  concern  would  do  to 
increase  its  business,  in  so  far  as  our  means  will 
allow. 

Anything  that  will  attract  the  attention  of 
people  and  encourage  them  to  use  the  library 
is  legitimate  advertising.  These  things  are 
watched  for  and  tried,  and  if  it  is  found  that 
the  results  pay  they  are  continued.  No  oppor- 
tunity is  lost  by  the  staff  to  make  friends  among 
all  classes.  People  who  come  to  the  library  are 
cheerfully  helped  in  all  way's  possible,  so  that, 
in  addition  to  the  several  ways  of  advertising 
mentioned  briefly,  we  can  say,  with  the  manu- 
facturer of  a  well-known  infant's  food,  "  we  are 
advertised  by  our  loving  friends"  —  a  most  de- 
lightful way  of  being  advertised.  These  are 
some  of  the  means  which  were  used  in  the  St. 
Joseph  Public  Library  to  show  a  home  use  of 
over  120,000  volumes  for  the  year  ending  April 
30,  with  but  10,500  volumes  in  the  circulating 
department. 

THE  MAXSON   BOOK-MARK. 

Dr.  J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  I  would  like  to  hear 
something  about  the  library  guild  of  children 
recently  established  in  Cleveland.  I  would  also 
inquire  whether  you  use  the  Maxson  book-mark, 
published  in  the  April  Library  Journal.  It  is 
intended  especially  for  children,  but  it  seems  to 
me  it  would  answer  excellently  for  grown  peo- 


EIGHTH  SESSION. 


pie,  and  would  advertise  the  fact  that  they  are 
expected  to  take  good  care  of  the  library  books. 
I  expect  to  have  5000  or  10,000  copies  of  that 
book-mark  printed  and  put  in  the  books  for 
adults  as  well  as  for  children,  for  the  very  fact 
that  it  is  adapted  to  children  will  give  it  a  rather 
humorous  turn  when  a  grown-up  person  comes 
to  read  it  that  will  help  to  make  it  effective. 

Miss  EASTMAN.  —  We  use  the  Maxson  book- 
mark, and  it  was,  in  a  measure,  this  book-mark 
which  suggested  to  us  the  Library  League;  that 
is,  the  League  worked  out  from  the  effect  that 
we  observed  the  book-mark  produced.  We 
had  5000  or  10,000  copies  of  the  book-mark 
printed  as  soon  as  we  saw  it  and  had  obtained 
permission  to  use  it.  Those  were  exhausted 
before  long,  and  then  we  had  50,000  more 
printed.  We  expect  to  keep  them  in  use,  as 
the  children  like  them  greatly.  We  sent  them 
to  the  schools  with  the  books,  and  at  first  they 
were  read  as  a  school  exercise,  which  the 
children  enjoyed  very  much. 

Dr.  J.  K.  HOSMER.  —  Do  you  use  them  at  all 
for  grown-up  people  ? 

THE  CLEVELAND  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARY  LEAGUE. 

Miss  EASTMAN.  —  We  have  not  so  far,  but  we 
see  the  results,  to  some  extent,  reacting  on  the 
parents. 

It  was  this  book-mark  largely  which  led  to  the 
idea  of  the  Children's  Library  League,  though 
the  Children's  Street-cleaning  League  of  New 
York  had  also  a  good  deal  to  do  with  it.  It  was 
begun  at  the  time  of  the  spring  vacation.  We 
were  just  putting  into  circulation  over  looonew 
juvenile  books,  and  we  had  added  a  great  many 
other  juvenile  books  very  recently,  and  it 
seemed  as  though  it  was  the  most  opportune 
time  to  impress  the  need  of  good  care  of  the 
books  on  the  children.  We  posted  a  bulletin  in 
the  juvenile  alcove,  asking  the  children  to  join 
the  Library  League,  speaking  of  what  New 
York  children  were  doing  toward  keeping  the 
streets  clean,  asking  if  Cleveland  children 
couldn't  do  as  much  for  clean  books  as  New 
York  children  were  doing  for  clean  streets,  and 
referring  them  to  the  assistant  in  the  alcove. 
As  soon  as  possible  we  printed  a  little  certifi- 
cate, which  was  given  to  the  children.  We 
ruled  a  blank-book  and  headed  it  THE  HONOR 
ROLL  OF  THE  LIBRARY  LEAGUE,  and  the  chil- 
dren, feeling  that  they  were  doing  a  very  great 
thing  in  joining  the  League,  signed  their  names, 


with  address  and  card  number,  in  the  book, 
and  then  we  gave  them  these  certificates.  We 
started  without  waiting  for  the  certificates,  tell- 
ing the  first  children  who  joined  that  their  cer- 
tificates would  be  ready  for  them  the  next  time 
they  came  in.  It  was  the  2gth  of  March  when 
the  League  was  started,  and  when  I  left  Cleve- 
land in  the  latter  part  of  June  the  membership 
was  over  3500,  and  we  expect  a  great  accession 
immediately  at  the  close  of  school,  because  of 
announcements  that  we  sent  to  the  schools,  and 
because  of  the  Library  League  letter  we  issued. 
The  little  certificate  reads  on  one  side  : 

LIBRARY   LEAGUE   HONOR   CARD. 

"  This  certifies  that ,  living 

at . has  signed  the  agree- 
ment of  the  Library  League,  in  the  Honor  Roll 
Book  of  the  League,  and  hereby  becomes  a 
member  in  good  standing. 

"A  copy  of  the  League  agreement  is  given 
on  the  opposite  side. 

"  Card  no " 

The  League  agreement,  given  on  the  oppo- 
site side,  is  as  follows  : 

HONOR   ROLL 

OF 
THE  LIBRARY  LEAGUE. 

"We,  the  undersigned,  members  of  THE 
LIBRARY  LEAGUE,  agree  to  do  all  in  our  power 
to  assist  the  Librarian  in  keeping  the  books  in 
good  condition. 

"We  promise  to  remember  that  good  books 
contain  the  living  thoughts  of  good  and  great 
men  and  women,  and  are  therefore  entitled  to 
respect. 

"  We  will  not  handle  any  library  book  rough- 
ly or  carelessly,  will  not  mark  it,  turn  down 
leaves,  nor  put  anything  into  it  thicker  than  a 
slip  of  paper. 

"We  will  also  do  all  in  our  power  to  interest 
other  boys  and  girls  in  the  right  care  of  books, 
and  will  report  all  which  we  find  in  bad  con- 
dition." 

It  would  seem  as  though  that  were  a  very 
slim  thread  by  which  to  hold  the  association 
together,  but  we  do  not  mean  that  it  shall  be 
so.  We  had  planned  to  call  a  meeting  of  the 
League  before  the  schools  closed,  to  get  hold  of 
the  children  for  the  summer,  but  it  proved  im- 
possible. So  we  have  planned,  and  have  the 
permission  of  the  board,  to  hold  a  meeting  in 
October,  which  will  be  held  in  the  largest  audi- 
torium in  the  town.  The  stage  will  be  filled, 
we  hope,  with  influential  people  with  philan- 
thropic tendencies,  whom  we  wish  to  interest  in 


'52 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


the  library.  We  have  thus  a  double  cause  to 
work  for.  There  will  be  a  program  designed 
especially  to  interest  the  children  in  better 
reading. 

Finding  that  we  were  not  able  to  call  this 
meeting  before  the  schools  closed,  we  saw  the 
importance  of  gaining  a  strong  enough  hold  on 
the  children  to  keep  up  their  interest  and  make 
them  feel  that  they  really  were  doing  something 
worth  while.  We  therefore  issued  this  little 
letter  to  them  : 

"  BOYS  AND  GIRLS  OF  THE  LIBRARY  LEAGUE: 
We  wish  to  thank  you  for  the  help  you  are  giv- 
ing the  library  in  reporting  marked  or  soiled 
books,  and  in  keeping  the  new  books  clean. 

"  The  League  now  numbers  over  3000.  And 
it  is  only  two  months  old.  Think  what  we  shall 
do  if  we  go  on  growing  at  that  rate  —  what  a 
power  we  shall  be  for  a  good  cause.  We  ex- 
pect, in  October,  to  call  a  grand  mass  meeting 
of  the  League  at  Music  Hall,  and  we  want,  by 
that  time,  to  have  members  enough  to  fill  it. 
We  can  do  this  with  your  help  in  getting  new 
members. 

"  You  will  be  glad  to  know  that  some  other 
cities  have  already  thought  our  League  worth 
copying,  and  are  beginning  to  start  Leagues  of 
their  own  modelled  after  it. 

"As  it  is  not  possible  to  call  the  League 
meeting  before  school  closes,  this  letter  is  writ- 
ten to  tell  of  the  work  planned  for  the  League 
for  this  summer,  and  to  ask  you  to  help  in 
doing  your  share  of  it.  This  work  will  be  as 
follows: 

"First.  The  work  for  clean  books.  Of  course 
all  League  members  will  keep  the  agreement 
which  they  signed,  and  a  copy  of  which  is  print- 
ed on  the  back  of  your  League  certificate.  It  is 
well  to  read  this  agreement  over  very  often,  or 
better  still,  learn  it  by  heart,  so  that  you  can 
repeat  it  to  your  playmates  in  interesting  them 
in  the  League.  Your  work  is  going  to  show 
most  in  the  care  of  the  newer  books,  which  have 
not  become  badly  soiled.  Make  up  your  minds 
that  every  book  which  you  have  from  the  libra- 
ry will  go  back  to  it  in  as  good  or  better  condi- 
tion than  you  found  it ;  if  there  is  a  mark  or  soiled 
spot  in  it  which  you  can  take  out  carefully  with 
an  eraser,  do  so,  and  if  leaves  or  cover  are 
loose,  report  it  at  the  desk  where  you  return 
the  book.  It  is  always  well  to  cover  your  book 
with  paper  as  soon  as  you  get  it  home;  you  will 
find  at  the  Library  some  paper  covers  folded  to 
show  you  how  to  go  to  work  to  cover  your  books. 

"  In  keeping  books  from  being  soiled,  the 
principal  thing  to  remember  is  that  they  must 
never  be  touched  excepting  with  very  clean 
hands. 

'  Secona.  Get  just  as  many  new  members 
for  the  League  as  you  can.  Do  your  brothers 
and  sisters,  schoolmates  and  playmates  all  be- 
long to  the  League  ?  If  not,  tell  them  about  it, 
and  ask  them  to  join.  We  want  10,000  children 


in  the  League,  and  we  shall  have  them  if  you 
will  bring  in  your  young  friends. 

"  Third.  Make  an  important  part  of  your 
summer's  work  the  .inviting  children  who  do 
not  use  the  Library  to  do  so.  A  great  many 
boys  and  girls  have  to  spend  their  vacations  in 
the  city,  and  often  do  not  know  what  to  do 
with  themselves  all  day  long.  Tell  them  of  all 
the  pleasure  they  can  get  from  the  stories,  the 
books  of  adventure,  the  histories,  and  the 
books  telling  how  to  do  and  make  things  which 
will  add  to  their  vacation  good  times;  tell  them 
of  the  best  books  you  have  read,  and  explain 
to  them  how  they  can  get  library  cards  and 
draw  books  themselves. 

"Fourth.  Hunt  up  a  good  motto  for  the 
League  to  adopt. 

"Fifth.  Keep  a  record  of  the  number  of 
books  you  report,  the  number  of  children  you 
interest  in  the  library  who  have  not  been 
using  it,  and  the  number  of  new  members  you 
get  for  the  League,  so  as  to  be  able  to  report 
what  you  have  done. 

"Sixth.  All  members  of  the  League  are  in- 
vited to  make  out  a  list  of  six  or  more  of  the 
best  books  they  have  read.  These  lists  are  to 
be  neatly  written,  giving  your  name  and  age, 
and  are  to  be  handed  in  at  the  Library  on  or 
before  July  15th.  The  best  of  these  lists  will 
then  be  posted  in  the  Library  to  help  other 
boys  and  girls  in  choosing  books  which  they 
will  be  sure  to  enjoy. 

"W.  H.  BRETT, 

"  Librarian." 

The  lists  of  books  are  beginning  to  come  in 
and  some  of  them  are  very  interesting.  The 
mottoes  are  beginning  to  come  in  also.  We  are 
planning  to  have  a  badge  for  the  League,  which 
will  consist  of  a  little  open  book  with  "Cleve- 
land Library  League  "  on  it;  one  firm  has  offered 
to  furnish  silver  pins  for  five  cents  each.  We 
do  not  expect  to  be  able  to  furnish  these  to  the 
children  free  of  cost,  but  our  object  is  to  get 
them  as  low  as  we  can,  so  that  each  child  can 
afford  to  buy  his  own  badge.  Another  firm  has 
offered  to  furnish  a  very  pretty  white  metal 
badge,  which  I  think  will  do  very  well  indeed, 
for  two  and  a  half  cents  apiece.  These  badges 
will  of  course  please  the  children,  and  will  give 
us  a  means  of  knowing,  as  the  children  come 
in,  who  are  and  who  are  not  members  of  the 
League;  of  course  we  can't  know  them  all. 

This  is  simply  the  beginning  of  the  possibili- 
ties that  we  see  in  this  Library  League.  The 
branches  are  working  in  this  and  several  of 
the  schools  ;  the  180  members  of  the  Central 
High  School  senior  graduating  class  joined  the 
League  in  a  body,  and  presented  the  Central 
High  School  Library,  which  is  run  as  a  branch 


EIGHTH  SESSION. 


of  our  library,  with  a  large  card,  ornament- 
ally printed  by  one  of  the  members  of  the 
class,  giving  the  League  agreement  with  a 
resolution  by  the  class  telling  how  much  they 
appreciate  what  the  library  has  been  to  them, 
and  their  wish  to  show  this  appreciation  by 
joining  the  League.  The  assistant  in  charge  of 
the  High  School  Library  declares  that  next 
year  she  will  have  every  single  member  of  the 
Central  High  School  belong  to  the  League,  and 
there  are  over  1700  pupils;  you  can  see  the 
dignity  that  adds  to  the  Children's  League. 
The  card  has  been  framed  for  the  purpose  of 
being  kept  in  the  Central  High  School  Library, 
but  during  vacation  we  shall  have  it  in  the 
juvenile  alcove  of  the  main  library. 

The  League  is  certainly  going  to  accomplish 
much  that  will  be  worth  while  in  training  the 
children,  and,  indirectly  through  them,  in  reach- 
ing out  to  others.  I  think  it  was  President 
Eliot  of  Harvard  who  said,  "  If  you  want  to 
work  any  reform,  begin  with  the  children." 
We  are  going  to  begin  with  them  in  training 
people  to  care  properly  for  books,  which  are 
public  property.  We  feel  that  that  is  only  a 
small  part  of  the  work,  and  that  there  are  in- 
finite possibilities  in  it  in  giving  us  a  hold  on 
the  children  which  will  enable  us  in  many  in- 
direct ways  to  direct  and  guide  their  read- 
ing. We  hope  to  have  each  branch  work 
up  a  special  division  of  the  League,  and  then 
perhaps  sub-divide  each  division  into  reading 
clubs,  and  get  the  people  of  the  neighborhood 
to  help  us  in  programs,  etc.,  for  the  children. 
We  do  not  know  what  it  is  all  going  to  lead  to, 
but  we  do  know  that  there  are  very  great  pos- 
sibilities, and  there  is  already  before  us  a  great 
deal  more  than  we  can  find  time  to  go  ahead 
with. 

Miss  T.  L.  KELSO.  — The  possibilities  of  chil- 
dren's leagues  is  the  most  important  subject 
that  has  ever  been  brought  before  us.  We 
have  skated  around  this  subject  in  the  Journal 
and  in  meetings  for  10  years  past;  I  have  given 
a  great  deal  of  thought  to  it  myself,  and  have 
been  in  constant  consultation  with  librarians 
and  professors  who  are  interested  in  it;  but  I 
believe  that  to-day  Miss  Eastman  has  given  to 
us  the  first  glimmer  of  light  that  will  lead  to 
practical  results.  The  fad  for  children's  rooms 
I  have  been  always  opposed  to,  on  the  score 
that  nine-tenths  of  that  work  was  a  superficial 
adaptation  of  the  kindergarten  method  without 


the  first  knowledge  of  its  real  principles  by  the 
persons  putting  it  in  execution;  but  it  was  an 
effort  to  accomplish  what  Miss  Eastman  has 
now  presented  a  plan  to  do  in  a  proper  and 
logical  way.  We  have  all  talked  about  reaching 
the  children  and  about  the  influence  of  the  sym- 
pathetic person  at  the  delivery-desk,  and  much 
of  this  talk  is  rubbish,  because  we  know  that 
when  one  is  at  a  busy  desk  she  does  not  get 
much  chance  to  be  sympathetic;  we  have  at- 
tacked the  teachers  until  we  have  driven  them 
into  rebellion,  because  we  have  forced  them  to 
come  to  meetings  when  they  were  tired  and  had 
more  than  they  could  attend  to  in  their  own 
professional  line,  and  we  have  dictated  to  them 
about  children's  reading;  but  I  think  that  Miss 
Eastman  has  now  touched  the  right  chord.  I 
know  something  of  Col.  Waring's  work  in  New 
York,  and  have  again  and  again  attended  the 
meetings  of  the  Street-cleaning  League  on  the 
East  Side;  they  are  the  most  interesting  meet- 
ings I  ever  attended  in  my  life,  and  they  show 
what  can  be  done  with  children.  As  to  the 
books  selected  for  children,  look  at  our  ordi- 
nary juvenile  lists;  they  are  convulsing;  they 
are  absurd.  Miss  Hewins  has  done  the  sensible 
thing  in  trying  to  view  this  book  question  from 
the  children's  point  of  view.  It  would  be  a 
fatal  thing  in  this  league  work  to  merely  stop 
at  the  taking  care  of  books;  that  is  just  a  begin- 
ning. I  hope  that  Miss  Eastman  will  from 
time  to  time  in  the  Journal  state  what  modifica- 
tions and  extensions  have  been  made  in  her 
plans,  because  there  cannot  be  a  library  too 
small  to  use  them,  though  many  people  have 
not,  perhaps,  the  opportunities  that  the  Cleve- 
land Public  Library  has;  its  staff  must  be  a 
dynamo  consisting  of  many  coils.  We  are  all 
indebted  to  Miss  Eastman  for  having  presented 
this  plan  to  us,  and  for  having  thought  of  it. 
Miss  ELIZABETH  P.  ANDREWS  read  a  paper  on 

BOOK   SELECTION. 

(Seep.  70.) 

Miss  LINDA  A.  EASTMAN  made  a  short  ad- 
dress on 

AIMS   AND    PERSONAL  ATTITUDE   IN   LIBRARY 

WORK. 
(Seep.  80.) 

Pres.  BRETT.  —  The  Library  League  was 
started  in  the  Cleveland  library  at  the  sugges- 
tion of  two  of  the  assistants  —  Miss  Eastman,  the 


'54 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


assistant  librarian,  who  has  .just  given  an  ac- 
count of  it,  and  Miss  Pierce,  who  has  charge  of 
the  issue  of  books.  It  was  suggested  by  both 
of  them,  independently  of  each  other,  and  was 
based  on  the  work  done  in  New  York  in  keep- 
ing clean  streets.  When  my  attention  was 
called  to  it,  it  struck  me  as  the  best  thing  that 
had  been  thought  of,  and  I  heartily  approved 
of  it,  and  they  have  put  it  into  operation  with 
the  success  of  which  you  have  heard.  This  is 
just  one  of  those  instances,  of  which  we  have 
a  great  many,  in  which  intelligent  and  enthusi- 
astic and  devoted  women  are  doing  great  things 
which  the  heads  of  libraries,  who  get  the  credit 
for  them,  have  very  little  to  do  with.  I  wish 
also  to  say  a  word  about  the  "Cumulative  in- 
dex." A  great  share  of  the  credit  of  that  index 
belongs  to  Miss  Eliot,  who  manages  the  work, 
and  whom  many  of  you  have  met. 
Adjournment  was  taken  at  11.45  a.m. 

NINTH   SESSION. 

(DREXEL  INSTITUTE,  FRIDAY  MORNING,  JUNE 
25.) 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  11.50  in 
the  auditorium  of  the  Institute  by  President 
BRETT. 

H:  L.  ELMENDORF  submitted,  from  the  special 
committee  appointed  for  the  purpose,  a 

RESOLUTION   ON  THE   PROPOSED   PLANS    FOR    THE 
NEW   YORK   PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

Resolved,  That  the  American  Library  Associ- 
ation expresses  its  hearty  approval  of  the  meth- 
ods adopted  by  those  in  charge  of  the  selection 
of  plans  for  the  New  York  Public  Library  build- 
ing, both  as  to  the  general  requirements  sub- 
mitted and  the  manner  of  competition. 

We  rejoice  that  the  needs  of  the  library  for 
administration  and  public  service  are  to  be  con- 
sidered before  questions  of  architectural  style 
and  ornament. 

We  find  in  the  arrangement  of  a  central  stack 
with  reading-room  above,  an  excellent  provision 
for  ample  light,  freedom  from  noise,  ready  and 
quick  delivery  of  books,  and  opportunity  for 
extension  as  the  growth  of  the  library  may  re- 
quire. H.  L.  ELMENDORF,  \ 

CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  [•  Committee. 
J.  N.  LARNED,  ) 

The  resolution  was  adopted  by  a  rising  vote. 
Dr.  J.  S.  BILLINGS  offered  the  following 

RESOLUTION   ON  TARIFF  ON   BOOKS. 

Resolved,  I. — That  this  Association  learns  with 
great  pleasure  that  the  United  States  Senate  has 
modified  the  provisions  of  the  tariff  bill  in  ac- 


cordance with  the  recommendations  of  the 
Council  of  this  body  relating  to  the  free  impor- 
tation of  books. 

II. — That  this  Association  offers  thanks  to  the 
Senate  for  this  action,  and  respectfully  urges 
that  the  position  thus  taken  be  maintained  in 
the  Committee  of  Conference  on  the  tariff  bill. 
Voted. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER  presented  a 

RESOLUTION   ON   THE  U.  S.  SUPERINTENDENT   OF 
PUBLIC   DOCUMENTS. 

The  American  Library  Association  wishes  to 
place  on  record  its  continued  and  increasing  ap- 
preciation of  the  work  of  the  United  States  Su- 
perintendent of  Documents,  Mr.  F.  A.  Crandall, 
and  the  assistants  in  his  office,  especially  in  the 
following  particulars  : 

1.  In  the  distribution  of  documents  to  libra- 
ries.    While  improvement  is  still  desirable  in 
this  matter,  which  can  be  secured  only  through 
additional  legislation,  the  libraries  are  at  present 
being  served  with  a  promptness  and  regularity 
not  before  attained  or  approached. 

2.  In    the    cataloging    of    documents.      The 
monthly  list,  now  regularly  issued,  leaves  little 
to  be  desired  in  this  regard,  while  the  general 
catalog,  of  which  the  volume  covering  the  53d 
Congress  is  a  beginning,  bids  fair  to  be  much 
the   most  satisfactory  key  to   the   government 
documents  yet  furnished. 

3.  In  the  procuring  of  improved  legislation. 
The   present   law  governing  the   printing  and 
distribution  of  documents  represents  a  decided 
advance  beyond  preceding  laws,  but  still  leaves 
room   for  improvement.     The   Association  ex- 
presses the  earnest  hope  that  a  law  may  soon 
be  enacted  embodying  the  principles  of  the  bill 
which  was  passed  unanimously  by  the  House  in 
the  first  session  of  the  54th  Congress,  the  provi- 
sions of  which  received  the  hearty  endorsement 
of  the  leading  librarians  of  the  country.    Voted. 

APPOINTMENT    OF    COMMITTEE    ON     PUBLICATION 
OF  TITLE-PAGES,    ETC. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  The  Connecticut  Library 
Association  in  a  meeting  to  which  delegates 
were  invited  from  all  the  state  library  associa- 
tions of  New  England,  and  in  which  they  all 
took  part,  appointed  a  committee  of  two  —  W. 
I.  Fletcher  and  T.  Solberg  —  to  consider  a  sug- 
gestion being  made  by  librarians  to  publishers  of 
periodicals,  urging  reforms  in  the  arrangements 
usually  made  as  to  title-pages,  indexes,  tables  of 
contents,  etc.  That  committee  was  to  report  a 
recommendation  to  this  Association,  and  it  now 
recommends  that  the  matter  be  continued  in  the 
hands  of  a  committee  of  the  Association,  and 
that  that  committee  be  empowered  to  draw  up 
a  circular  to  be  addressed  to  the  publishers  of 
periodicals,  urging  the  reforms  indicated. 


NINTH  SESSION. 


155 


A  motion  to  this  effect  was  made,  and  it  was 
Voted  that  such  a  committee  be  appointed. 
The  president  later  named  W:  I.  Fletcher  and 
Thorvald  Solberg  as  the  committee. 

MELVIL  DEWEY  submitted  the  following  reso- 
lutions : 

CO-OPERATION   WITH   NATIONAL   EDUCATIONAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

Resolved,  That  the  American  Library  Asso- 
ciation pledges  its  hearty  co-operation  to  the  new 
Library  Department  of  the  National  Educational 
Association,  and  appoints  as  its  official  delegates 
for  1897,  W.  H.  Brett,  Mrs.  Theresa  West  El- 
mendorf,  and  Rev.  W.  R.  Eastman,  with  such 
other  members  as  may  be  able  to  attend  the 
Milwaukee  meeting.  Voted. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT'  OF  INVITATION  FROM 

ATLANTA. 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  American 
Library  Association  be  extended  to  the  official 
representatives  of  Atlanta  for  their  cordial  in- 
vitation to  meet  in  their  city,  with  regret  that  its 
acceptance  must  be  postponed  another  year. 
Voted. 

AMENDMENT  TO   CONSTITUTION. 

MELVIL  DEWEY.  —  I  desire  to  bring  up  a 
matter  for  consideration  during  the  year,  so 
that  we  can  act  upon  it  next  year  after  a  full 
consideration  of  the  question.  I  refer  to  the 
question  of  the  limitation  of  our  membership. 
I  am  totally  and  utterly  opposed  to  any  plan  of 
limiting  the  membership  of  this  Association. 
We  have  tried  for  21  years  to  build  up  a  large 
association,  and  if  men,  women,  and  children 
choose  to  give  $2  a  year  toward  the  advancement 
of  library  work  we  ought  to  give  them  the  most 
cordial  encouragement.  On  the  other  hand,  it 
is  true  that  we  cannot,  at  large  meetings  of  this 
sort,  give  detailed  explanations  as  to  many 
matters,  or  vote  intelligently  on  many  ques- 
tions. I  believe  the  true  solution  of  this  ques- 
tion is  an  amendment  to  the  constitution.  It 
might  be  well  for  us  at  this  meeting  to  show  by 
a  vote  that  we  favor  some  such  amendment, 
and  then  the  matter  will  be  kept  before  us  dur- 
ing this  year,  and  at  the  Chautauqua  meeting  we 
can  discuss  it  and  decide.  We  should  pass  this 
vote  to-day,  because  we  cannot  amend  the  con- 
stitution except  by  a  three-fourths  vote  at  two 
successive  meetings  of  the  Association.  I  there- 
fore offer  the  following  : 

Resolved,  That  in  §17  of  the  constitution  the 
councillors  at  large  be  increased  from  20  to  25  by 
altering  the  numbers  20,  4,  and  8,  to  25,  5,  and 


10,  and  by  adding  these  words  :  "In  addition 
to  the  25  members  above  provided  for,  each 
state  or  local  library  association  recognized  for 
this  purpose  by  the  council  shall  be  entitled  to 
one  councillor  of  its  own  selection,  and  to  one 
additional  for  each  full  100  members."  Voted. 

In  the  absence  of  F.  J.  TEGGART,  his  paper  on 

THE   LITERATURE  OF  LIBRARIES 

was  read  by  title  and  ordered  printed. 
(Seep.  35.) 

Four  speakers  —  WILLIAM  BEER,  E.  S.  WILL- 
COX,  F:  M.  CRUNDEN,  and  J.  N.  LARNED  —  had 
been  appointed  to  discuss 

THE   DEVELOPMENT   OF   SUBSCRIPTION   INTO   FREE 
LIBRARIES. 

In  the  absence  of  Mr.  BEER,  his  contribution 
to  the  subject, 

THE   FISK   FREE  AND   PUBLIC   LIBRARY   OF   NEW 
ORLEANS, 

was  read  by  title  and  ordered  printed. 
(Seep.  32.) 

Owing  to  lack  of  time,  it  was  found  impossi- 
ble to  present  the  subject  with  the  fulness  an- 
ticipated. 

E.  S.  WILLCOX.  —  The  astonishing  growth  of 
free  public  libraries  in  our  day,  the  sunshine  of 
our  prosperity,  should  not  blind  us  to  the  fact 
that  for  more  than  140  years  it  was  the  sub- 
scription library,  sustained  by  much  self-deny- 
ing labor  on  the  part  of  a  few  public-spirited 
men  and  women  in  each  community,  that  kept 
the  torch  burning  that  provided  at  least  a  little 
good  literature  at  small  cost  to  souls  hungry  for 
books. 

In  those  early  days  we  had  three  kinds  of  li- 
braries —  the  private  library,  the  college  library, 
and  the  subscription  library.  Those  of  us  young 
people  who  now  and  then  got  a  peep  at  the  very 
small  and  generally  very  dry  library  of  some 
doctor  of  divinity  or  doctor  of  medicine,  or  stole 
a  sip  out  of  Scott  or  Dumas  from  the  confused 
conglomeration  on  some  lawyer's  table,  consid- 
ered ourselves  very  fortunate,  but  happy  be- 
yond measure  when  a  few  leading  citizens 
clubbed  together  and  started  a  subscription  li- 
brary in  the  town  with  a  thousand  or  two  choice 
books,  the  backbone  of  which  was  for  the  most 
part  Bohn  with  an  "  h,"  and  the  annual  dues  to 
which  were  two  or  three  dollars. 


156 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


The  subscription  library  was  a  priceless  bless- 
ing in  its  day  ;  its  memory  is  dear  to  many  of 
us  still.  It  ought  to  have  a  monument. 

But  why  did  it  not  have  a  larger  clientage  ? 
Why  did  not  the  women  and  children  who  throng 
our  delivery-rooms  to-day  patronize  the  sub- 
scription library  ?  For  the  very  good  reason 
that  they  had  not  the  money.  The  thirst  for 
knowledge  which  their  husbands  and  fathers 
may  have  felt  in  youth  had  been  dulled  by- 
time,  or  perhaps  beguiled  into  a  wilder  thirst, 
which  no  two  dollars  a  year  could  appease,  and 
the  women  and  children  who  still  hungered 
and  thirsted  for  books  did  not  hold  the  purse- 
strings. 

Our  experience  in  Peoria  was,  I  have  no 
doubt,  the  same  as  that  of  other  towns.  We 
had,  little  by  little,  built  up  a  well  -  selected 
library  of  10,000  volumes,  with  annual  dues 

of  $4- 

We  labored  and  struggled,  ran  lecture  courses, 
concerts,  dramatic  entertainments,  spelling  bees, 
and  occasionally  passed  round  the  hat,  but,  do 
our  best,  could  barely  keep  our  heads  above 
water,  and  add  a  few  hundred  books  to  our  col- 
lection each  year.  We  never  had  an  average 
of  more  than  275  paying  members  in  a  popula- 
tion of  25,000,  while  now,  as  a  free  library,  in  a 
population  of  50,000,  our  membership  exceeds 
6000. 

We  raised  the  question  of  supporting  the  li- 
brary like  our  schools,  by  taxation,  but  were 
told  very  emphatically  that  the  people  of  Peoria 
or  of  Illinois  would  never,  never,  NEVER  tax 
themselves  to  support  libraries. 

But  our  friends  had  not  yet  become  acquaint- 
ed with  what  now,  at  the  end  of  this  igth  cen- 
tury, is  almost  a  truism,  that  what  never  has 
been  done,  and  never  can  be  done,  is  the  very 
thing  that  has  got  to  be  done  and  is  going  to  be 
done. 

At  last  we  grew  tired  of  the  uphill  work. 
We  said  :  "If  books  are  good  for  our  wives 
and  children,  then  the  wives  and  children  of 
our  mechanics  and  laborers  in  the  lower  end 
of  town  certainly  ought  to  have  a  taste  of  them; 
and  if  the  men  will  have  their  tobacco  and  beer, 
the  women  shall  have  their  Mary  J.  Holmes  if 
they  want  her. 

And  from  that  piratical  resolve  of  a  few  des- 
perate fellows  in  Peoria  came  the  free  public 
library  law  of  Illinois  in  1872  —  the  first  practi- 


cal and  comprehensive  free  public  library  law 
on  the  statute-book  of  any  state  in  the  Union. 

F:  M.  CRUNDEN.  —  I  understand  New  Hamp- 
shire passed  a  law  either  in  1849  or  1850  estab- 
lishing public  libraries. 

E.  S.  WILLCOX.  — The  Massachusetts  Library 
law  authorized  towns  to  devote  certain  sums  of 
money  to  the  support  of  libraries,  but  I  ven- 
ture to  say  there  were  no  free  libraries  to  be 
found  in  that  section  ;  they  were  subscription 
libraries,  and  there  was  not  at  that  time  one 
general  free  library  law  in  any  of  the  states 
of  the  United  States. 

J.  N.  LARKED.  —  All  I  intended  to  add  to  this 
subject  was  to  give  a  brief  statement  of  what 
we  are  doing  in  Buffalo,  but  I  have  told  the 
whole  story  fully  in  the  last  annual  report  of 
the  Buffalo  Library,  and  I  would  very  much 
rather  give  the  time  that  I  might  take  for  that 
purpose  to  a  discussion  of  the  elaborate  and 
interesting  paper  we  had  yesterday  on  chil- 
dren's library  work. 

DISCUSSION  ON  CHILDREN'S  LIBRARY  WORK. 

J.  N.  LARNED.  — The  paper  read  by  Mr.  Fair- 
child  yesterday  on  this  subject  seems  to  me  to  be 
one  of  the  most  important  that  we  have  ever  had 
in  this  Association,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
interesting.  It  is  important  because  it  has  in- 
troduced the  suggestion  at  least  of  a  scientific 
way  of  looking  at  a  very  important  part  of  our 
work  ;  a  methodical,  systematic,  scientific,  and 
especially  a  psychological  study  of  it.  It  has 
introduced,  for  the  first  time,  I  think,  into  our 
ideas  the  thought  of  that  kind  of  psychological 
study  which  is  doing  so  much  in  other  educa- 
tional fields  and  making  such  changes  in  educa- 
tional work  in  schools  and  colleges.  And  per- 
haps it  was  made  more  interesting  to  me  be- 
cause I  had  seen  in  the  work  in  the  children's 
room  at  Buffalo  the  practical  outcropping  of 
just  that  idea,  in  the  mind  of  Miss  Fernald,  the 
young  lady  who  has  charge  of  that  room.  She 
has  by  her  work  been  practically  led  into  the 
psychological  study  of  the  child's  mind.  In  or- 
der to  understand  her  children  she  has  found  it 
necessary  to  go  to  their  schools  and  learn  some- 
thing of  their  feeling  toward  their  teachers, 
see  whether  it  was  friendly  or  unfriendly,  and 
learn  what  created  that  feeling  in  the  minds  of 
the  children  so  she  could  gain  suggestions  from 
that  knowledge.  In  one  case  she  found  a 


NINTH  SESSION. 


157 


number  of  street  children  who  had  come  into 
the  room  in  a  warm  discussion  of  the  merits  of 
some  play  of  adventure  that  was  running  at 
one  of  the  cheap  theatres  of  the  city,  and  she 
persuaded  a  friend  to  take  her  to  that  theatre  so 
that  she  might  see  that  play  and  know  what  it 
was  that  had  taken  this  hold  on  the  minds  of 
those  children. 

Mr.  Fairchild's  paper  has  led  me  to  con- 
sider one  important  matter,  and  that  is  the 
greater  influence  libraries  would  exercise  over 
children  if  they  were  made  distinctively  for 
the  children.  The  separation  of  children's 
libraries  —  not  merely  the  adoption  of  chil- 
dren's rooms  in  libraries,  but  the  establishment 
of  children's  libraries  separate  from  other  li- 
braries—  seems  to  me  to  be  a  very  impor- 
tant suggestion.  It  is  a  fact  that  children  like  to 
have  ownership  in  things  themselves  ;  they  like 
to  be  recognized  as  what  they  feel  they  are 
—  a  sort  of  distinct  community.  Children  are 
a  distinct  community,  and  they  have  the  feel- 
ing of  a  community  among  themselves  ;  they 
do  not  like  to  be  dealt  with  as  a  mere  attach- 
ment to  the  older  folks,  and  I  think  that  this  is 
a  very  important  matter,  and  that  we  can  work 
out  a  system  in  the  matter  of  dealing  with 
children's  libraries,  in  the  line  suggested  by 
Mr.  Fairchild,  that  will  accomplish  wonderful 
results. 

Pres.  BRETT. — The  thing  in  Mr.  Fairchild's 
paper,  with  which  I  am  most  heartily  in  accord, 
is  that  he  suggests  an  entirely  different  point  of 
view  from  that  which  we  ordinarily  use  in  li- 
braries. Mr.  Fairchild  wants  us  to  look  at  the 
child  and  see  what  the  child  needs,  what  the 
child  wants;  while  we  are  apt  to  look  at  the 
child  from  the  librarian's  point  of  view  and  say 
what  we  can  do  for  him.  There  is  a  great  dif- 
ference in  these  points  of  view. 

F:  M.  CRUNDEN. — We  have  recently  had  ex- 
perience in  St.  Louis  that  points  to  the  urgent 
necessity  of  carrying  out  some  such  plan  as  Mr. 
Fairchild  suggests.  Before  I  left  home  a  lady 
who  was  a  former  teacher,  and  who  has  charge 
of  the  juvenile  department  of  our  library,  asked 
me  if  we  could  not  get  some  more  "Mother 
Goose"  rhymes.  I  asked  how  many  were 
wanted,  and  she  said,  "  I  want  50."  We  had, 
I  suppose,  about  20  in  the  library,  but  the 
shelves  were  stripped,  and  she  said  it  was  quite 
pathetic  to  have  the  children  come  in,  look  at 


the  empty  shelves,  and  say:  "  Haven't  you  got 
any  more  '  Mother  Gooses  '  ?"  We  ordered  the 
50,  and  also  got  an  appropriation  from  the  book 
committee  of  $2000  to  supply  "  Mother  Goose  " 
books  and  simple  fairy  tales  with  illustrations, 
to  be  sent  out  to  the  first  four  grades  of  the 
schools  next  fall.  Since  I  have  been  here  I  find 
three  or  four  members  are  working  on  the  same 
lines,  and  it  has  occurred  to  me  that  the  place 
to  begin  is  right  at  the  beginning,  when  the 
children  are  first  learning  to  read. 

Miss  EMMA  L.  ADAMS.  —  I  do  not  understand 
by  Mr.  Fairchild's  paper  whether  Mr.  Fairchild's 
intention  is  that  the  separate  children's  library 
shall  be  under  the  control  of  the  public  library 
or  not.  He  seemed  to  think  it  would  be  better, 
as  I  understand  it,  to  have  an  entirely  separate 
library.  I  think  that  the  same  result  could  be 
attained,  and  in  a  better  way,  by  having  the 
separate  children's  library  under  the  charge  of 
the  public  library,  which  is  already  so  much 
better  equipped  than  any  place  else  for  this 
work.  The  importance  of  this  work  is  not 
sufficiently  realized  by  the  public  to  have  it  sup- 
port a  separate  library  for  children.  The  point 
we  aim  at  is  to  bring  the  children  into  the  larger 
library  from  the  children's  library,  and  that 
point  would  be  lost  if  we  have  a  children's  li- 
brary entirely  separate  in  management  from  our 
own  libraries. 

E.  M.  FAIRCHILD. — I  cannot  say  yes  or  no 
to  this  question.  I  did  not  intend  a  separate 
management  in  one  sense,  and  yet  in  another 
sense  I  did.  It  was  the  intention  that  the  con- 
trol of  the  whole  library  system  should  be  in 
the  hands  of  a  central  library,  and  the  chil- 
dren's libraries  in  the  neighborhood  were  to  be 
part  of  the  whole  library  system  and  be  under 
the  charge  of  a  chief  librarian. 

Miss  ANNIE  C.  MOORE.  —  The  statement  has 
been  made  that  a  few  children  take  up  the  libra- 
ry as  a  fad.  I  would  like  to  bring  evidence  on 
the  other  side.  During  the  month  of  May  there 
were  issued  150  examination  papers  to  the  chil- 
dren who  had  been  coming  to  the  children's  de- 
partment of  the  Pratt  Institute  Library  since 
October  of  the  year  before.  One  hundred  of 
these  papers  have  been  examined,  and  the  an- 
swers to  the  first  question:  "  How  long  have 
you  been  taking  books  from  this  library  ?"  re- 
sult as  follows:  25  per  cent,  of  the  children  have 
taken  books  for  less  than  a  year,  but  most  of 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


them  from  between  six  and  nine  months;  75  per 
cent,  have  taken  books  for  over  a  year,  over  two 
years,  three  years,  and  four  years,  and  some 
for  six  years.  The  fact  that  these  children  have 
been  coming  regularly  since  last  October  gives 
pretty  strong  proof  that  they  do  not  use  the  li- 
brary as  a  fad. 

E.  M.  FAIRCHILD. — What  I  mean  is  to  take 
the  whole  body  of  children  and  bring  out  the 
statistics  of  library  use  for  the  entire  child-life 
of  the  city.  In  the  instance  just  given  us,  only 
those  who  have  been  most  faithful  to  the  libra- 
ry are  analyzed,  and  of  course  there  are  many 
children  do  not  take  up  the  library  as  a  fad. 

A.  W.  TYLER  presented  the 

REPORT   OF   COMMITTEE   ON   RESOLUTIONS. 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
are  due  and  are  cordially  extended  to 

The  officers  and  members  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Historical  Society  for  their  very  courteous  wel- 
come and  entertainment; 

To  the  President  and  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  Drexel  Institute  for  the  use  of  their  rooms 
and  the  many  other  courtesies  so  graciously 
given,  and 

To  Miss  Kroeger,  the  librarian  of  the  Insti- 
tute, for  her  untiring  efforts  in  our  behalf; 

To  Mr.  Justus  C.  Strawbridge  for  his  hos- 
pitality and  welcome  at  his  beautiful  resi- 
dence; 

To  the  library  owners  who  so  kindly  placed 
portions  of  their  rare  and  unique  collections  on 
exhibition  for  the  benefit  of  the  Association; 

To  the  Committee  on  Temple  and  to  Brother 
WycTcoff,  Chairman  of  the  Committee  of  Li- 
brary, for  their  invitation  to  visit  the  Masonic 
Temple ; 

To  the  J.  B.  Lippincott  Co.  for  the  oppor- 
tunity offered  to  witness  the  workings  of  their 
bookmaking  department; 

To  the  Messrs.  Strawbridge  &  Clothier  for 
the  reception  at  their  Poster  Exhibition; 

To  the  management  and  librarians  of  the 
libraries  of  Philadelphia  who  so  cordially  in- 
vited the  Association  to  meet  in  that  city  on  this 
occasion,  and  for  the  opportunity  to  visit  their 
libraries  during  the  convention; 

To  the  members  of  the  local  Committee  of 


Arrangements,  whose  thoughtful  consideration 
for  our  pleasure  and  comfort  has  made  our  visit 
exceedingly  enjoyable  and  one  long  to  be  re- 
membered; and 

To  the  proprietors  and  managers  of  the  news- 
papers of  the  city  of  Philadelphia  for  their  very 
full  reports  of  our  proceedings. 

W.  T.  PEOPLES,        ) 

A.  W.  TYLER,  \  Committee. 

HANNAH  P.  JAMES,  ) 

The  report  was  adopted  by  a  rising  vote. 

CORRECTION  TO  PROCEEDINGS  OF  CLEVELAND 
CONFERENCE. 

Sec.  HAYES.  —  I  move  that  the  report  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Cleveland  conference,  as 
published  in  the  Library  Journal,  be  adopted, 
with  an  amendment,  at  the  request  of  Mr.  S.  S. 
Green,  so  that  a  remark  by  Mr.  Green  on  p. 
139,  second  column  —  "I  wrote  many  of  the  ar- 
ticles on  Massachusetts  cities  "  should  read  — 
"  I  wrote  the  article  on  the  city  of  Worcester." 
Voted. 

Adjournment  was  taken  at  one  o'clock  p.m., 
until  Tuesday,  June  29,  at  the  Kittatinny 
House.  Delaware  Water  Gap,  when  an  informal 
meeting  was  had,  and  it  was  announced  that 
the  final  session  would  be  held  on  Thursday, 
July  i,  at  the  same  place. 

TENTH  SESSION. 

(KITTATINNY  HOUSE,  DELAWARE  WATER  GAP, 
THURSDAY  MORNING,  JULY  i.) 

The  Association  was  called  to  order  at  10.30 
a.m.  by  JAMES  G.  BARNWELL,  chairman,  who 
made  a  short  talk  on  various  matters  connected 
with  library  economy.  A  vote  of  thanks  was 
unanimously  accorded  to  the  chairman,  and  no 
further  business  being  reported,  it  was  duly 
moved  and  seconded  that  the  conference  stand 
adjourned,  to  meet  at  Chautauqua  at  such  time 
and  place  as  should  be  duly  appointed  by  the 
Executive  Board.  Adjourned. 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


'59 


THE    COLLEGE    SECTION   OF   THE    A.   L.   A. 


*T"*HE  College  Section  held  two  sessions, 
which  were  joint  meetings  with  the  Ameri- 
can Library  Association,  and  were  largely  at- 
tended. They  were  held  in  one  of  the  class- 
rooms of  the  Drexel  Institute,  and  were  de- 
voted to  the  consideration  of  COLLEGE  AND 
REFERENCE  LIBRARY  WORK. 

FIRST  SESSION. 

(DREXEL    INSTITUTE,    WEDNESDAY  MORNING, 
JUNE  23.) 

The  Section  was  called  to  order  at  9.15  a.m. 
by  W:  I.  FLETCHER,  chairman,  and  Dr.  CYRUS 
ADLER  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  meet- 
ing. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER. — We  are  to  be  congratu- 
lated this  morning  on  the  auspicious  beginning 
of  what  may  almost  be  called  a  new  era  in  the 
history  of  the  Association.  Having  reached 
our  2ist  birthday  there  is  naturally  a  disposition 
to  see  wherein  we  may  as  an  Association  put 
away  childish  things  and  enter  upon  the  func- 
tions which  belong  to  maturity.  This  disposi- 
tion manifests  itself  in  the  suggestions  that  the 
Association  be  re-incorporated  and  that  it  be- 
come a  representative  body,  suggestions  which 
are  to  be  presented  to  us  at  a  later  session,  and 
which  I  will  not  now  discuss. 

But  we  must  all  be  agreed  that  the  maturity 
of  the  Association  is  fittingly  marked  by  this 
beginning  of  our  work  by  sections.  I  speak  of 
it  as  a  beginning,  for,  although  we  are  familiar 
with  the  idea  of  sections,  we  have  not  hereto- 
fore really  made  a  good  beginning  in  carrying 
it  out.  Our  meetings  of  sections  have  hitherto 
been  mere  hurried  conferences  of  those  inter- 
ested in  a  special  part  or  phase  of  library  work 
crowded  in  (or  rather  crowded  out)  between 
regular  sessions  of  the  Association.  For  the 
first  time  the  Association  itself  meets  this  morn- 
ing in  real  sectional  meetings,  and  for  the  first 
time  we  have  a  clear  two  hours'  session,  in  which 
we  may  discuss  themes  connected  with  the  high- 
er departments  of  library  work  without  the 
fear  that  injustice  will  be  done  to  the  many 
whose  needs  and  wishes  are  for  help  in  the  ele- 
mentary part  of  the  calling. 

Having  made  this  start  with  the  sectional  plan 
of  meetings,  it  remains  for  us  to  provide  a 


proper  method  of  arranging  for  its  carrying  out 
in  the  future.  To  what  extent  the  division  into 
sections  shall  be  carried  is  a  question  which 
may  better  be  left  to  be  determined  by  evident 
demand  than  be  made  a  matter  for  theoretical 
arrangement. 

By  the  judicious  foresight  of  the  Executive 
Board  of  the  Association  we  have  two  sessions 
at  this  conference  —  the  one  on  Friday  morn- 
ing and  the  present  one  —  devoted  to  advanced 
library  work.  The  programs  of  these  two  ses- 
sions have  been  so  arranged  that  the  meeting  of 
to-day  will  consider  questions  especially  relat- 
ing to  college  and  university  libraries,  and  that 
of  Friday  those  common  to  reference  libraries 
and  the  advanced  work  of  public  libraries  in  gen- 
eral. Two  matters  of  detail  should  receive  our 
attention.  First  the  question  of  nomenclature. 
On  right  definition  everywhere  depends  correct 
and  lucid  thought.  And  our  work  as  a  section 
will  be  decidedly  advantaged  if  we  can  choose  a 
name  for  this  Section  that  shall  be  simple  and 
perspicacious. 

The  second  matter  of  detail  to  which  I  would 
refer  is  also  one  of  importance.  The  Section 
must  have  a  continuous  organization.  There 
may  be  differing  views  as  to  what  form  this  or- 
ganization should  take.  Simplicity  is  rightly 
regarded  as  the  chief  merit  in  such  matters  of 
organization,  and  it  would  seem  quite  sufficient 
that  we  should  each  year  choose  a  chairman 
and  a  secretary  of  the  Section  for  the  ensuing 
year.  Their  chief  duty  would  be  the  arrange- 
ment, in  consultation  with  the  Executive  Board 
of  the  Association,  of  the  program  for  the  Sec- 
tion's meetings.  How  these  officers  shall  be 
chosen  is  another  question  of  some  importance. 
It  is  desirable  that  it  should  not  be  done  in  a 
purely  haphazard  manner,  and  the  best  results 
will  follow  from  the  adoption  of  a  few  simple 
regulations  for  the  conduct  of  their  election. 
The  first  of  these  should  perhaps  provide  for  an 
annual  change  in  the  personnel  of  these  offices. 

I  am  not  prepared  to  make  any  opening  ad- 
dress at  this  session,  even  were  such  an  address 
seemly  for  the  occasion.  1  may  be  allowed  a 
sentence  in  which  to  express  my  growing  con- 
viction, in  which  I  feel  sure  you  all  share,  that 
the  librarians  of  the  college,  university,  and 
school  libraries  of  the  country  occupy  a  posi- 


i6o 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


tion,  in  the  felicity  of  our  surroundings,  in  the 
congeniality  of  our  work,  and  in  the  possibili- 
ties of  good  which  await  its  faithful  perform- 
ance, second  to  that  of  no  other  class  of  libra- 
rians. In  the  development  of  these  possibili- 
ties into  actual  results  we  can  but  find  great 
advantage  in  mutual  conference,  and  I  take 
pleasure  in  asking  your  attention  now  to  the 
program  before  us,  and  in  declaring  this  session 
open  for  business. 

G:  W:  HARRIS  then  gave  informally  his 

NOTES  ON  THE    GOVERNMENT    AND    CONTROL    OF 
COLLEGE   LIBRARIES. 

(See  p.  55.) 
APPOINTMENT  OF  COMMITTEE   ON  ORGANIZATION. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  AUSTIN,  a  Committee  on 
Organization  of  the  Section  was  appointed  as 
follows  :  WILLARD  H.  AUSTIN,  Miss  OLIVE  B. 
JONES,  CLEMENT  W.  ANDREWS.  The  committee 
was  also  directed  to  report  on  an  adequate  name 
for  the  Section,  which  should  include  in  its 
meaning  that  of  the  advanced  and  higher  part 
of  the  work  done  by  the  Section,  and  to  bring 
in  nominations  for  chairman  and  secretary. 

DISCUSSION   ON   MANAGEMENT  OF  COLLEGE 
LIBRARIES. 

Dr.  ADLER.  —  I  should  like  to  ask  Mr.  Harris 
what  he  thinks  of  the  relations  between  the 
work  of  the  librarian  and  the  work  of  the  pub- 
lication department  in  a  university  or  library 
which  publishes  its  own  publications. 

G:  W:  HARRIS.  —  I  have  not  had  much  ex- 
perience with  that  at  Cornell.  We  have  as  yet 
no  definite  system  for  our  publications,  some 
of  which  are  published  by  outside  publishers. 
The  "  Studies  in  philology  "  are  published  under 
the  supervision  of  the  professors  of  the  classi- 
cal department.  There  is  no  general  scheme 
for  university  publications.  I  think  it  would  be 
wise  to  have  a  separate  officer  in  charge  of  all 
the  publications  of  the  university,  and,  person- 
ally, I  am  not  inclined  to  favor  that  officer  being 
the  librarian. 

Dr.  ADLER.  —  The  reason  I  asked  the  ques- 
tion was  because  I  think  the  universities  in  this 
country  which  have  now  become  their  own  pub- 
lishers—  many  of  the.m  have  become,  practi- 
cally, publishing  societies  —  are  not  reaping  the 
benefit  to  their  libraries  which  they  might. 
Most  of  these  publications,  I  take  it,  are  not 
financial  successes  ;  they  are  run  at  a  loss.  If, 


therefore,  they  were  managed  in  some  way  in 
relation  to  the  library,  and  a  system  of  exchange 
was  instituted  and  kept  up,  I  believe  any  uni- 
versity in  this  country  that  publishes  anything 
of  value  would  get  more  in  return  for  exchanges, 
for  its  library,  than  the  outlay  in  publication. 
That  is  an  experience  which  I  have  had  in  other 
directions  ;  it  requires  work  to  do  this,  and  it 
means  the  keeping  up  of  a  pretty  active  corre- 
spondence, but  I  think  it  is  worthy  of  a  trial. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON  then  took  the  chair. 

G:  W:  HARRIS. — We  get  philosophical  ex- 
changes for  our  library,  but  the  plan  is  not 
altogether  satisfactory.  Some  of  those  ex- 
changes go  first  to  the  editorial-room,  and  they 
are  used  by  the  persons  appointed  to  make  the 
abstracts  for  the  Philosophical  Review,  so  they 
are  very  late  in  getting  to  the  library.  To  be 
sure,  they  concern  chiefly  one  department,  and 
are  not  so  late  for  it  as  some  others  might 
be,  but  that  is  one  of  the  objections  we  find  to 
such  a  system. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  I  stand  at  the  opposite 
pole  from  Mr.  Harris  in  my  attitude  toward  the 
subject,  in  that  while  he  has  no  theory  and  a 
good  deal  of  government,  I  have  a  distinct 
theory  and  very  little  government  in  my  library. 
The  theory  that  I  have  is  distinctly  opposed  to 
the  plan  of  government  as  exercised  in  Mr. 
Harris'  library.  That  is  to  say,  as  I  under- 
stand it,  the  best  method  of  control  for  a  college 
library  would  not  allow  any  representative  from 
the  different  departments  and  faculty  on  the 
governing  council,  if  there  was  a  council.  Or, 
if  it  were  proposed  to  us  to  have  a  council  in 
which  there  was  a  representative  from  each  of 
the  departments  of  the  university,  I  would  say: 
"  Very  well ;  but  you  will  naturally  allow  us  a 
representative  from  every  department  of  the 
library  on  each  of  the  governing  boards  of  the 
university."  I  do  not  see  any  advantage  in  the 
discrimination  which  allows  the  faculty  to  direct 
or  control  in  the  library  council.  Theoretically 
I  would  say,  clearly  and  succinctly,  I  have  per- 
fect willingness  to  be  overruled  by  our  own 
board,  but  it  seems  to  me,  in  the  proper  organi- 
zation of  things,  the  library  council  ought  to 
be  organized  in  such  a  way  that  it  shall  be  a 
board,  of  itself,  responsible  to  the  trustees  for 
its  own  doings  as  any  other  department  of  the 
university  would  be.  The  president,  of  course, 
would  be  the  head  of  the  council  under  that 
theory,  and  the  council  would  bear  to  the  board 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


161 


of  trustees  exactly  the  same  relation  that  any 
other  department  of  an  organized  university 
would. 

C.  W.  ANDREWS.  —  I  would  like  to  insist  on 
the  point  Mr.  Harris  brought  out  on  the  appro- 
priation of  the  library  book  fund  even  where 
that  appropriation  is  made  in  gross  and  it  rests 
with  the  sub-committee  on  books  to  make  a  di- 
vision. I  have  given  this  advice  to  one  or  two 
libraries  starting,  and  it  seems  to  me  the  best 
way  obtainable  with  the  growth  of  the  library, 
and  really,  with  the  increase  of  subjects  about 
which  books  are  written,  it  is  about  the  only 
way  by  which  we  can  secure  a  fairly  representa- 
tive growth.  It  does  not  seem  to  me  unnec- 
essarily detailed  work  for  any  library  —  any 
reference  library  as  well  as  a  college  library  — 
to  determine  beforehand  about  what  proportion 
of  book  money  should  go  to  the  different  classes 
of  literature,  and  I  think  that  anybody  who 
tries  it,  if  they  would  look  back  into  their 
orders  before  having  such  a  scheme,  would  be 
surprised  to  find  how  their  own  personal  bias 
or  the  wishes  of  certain  heads  of  the  book  com- 
munity had  twisted  the  appropriation  of  book 
money.  It  is  this  point  which  I  think  one  of 
the  most  important  in  the  management  of  ref- 
erence libraries. 

V.  LANSING  COLLINS  read  a  paper  by  ALFRED 
C.  POTTER  on 

SELECTION  OF  BOOKS  FOR  THE   COLLEGE  LIBRARY. 

(Seep.  39.) 

W.  W.  BISHOP.  —  I  should  like  to  take  brief 
issue  with  the  author  of  the  paper  on  the  mat- 
ter of  periodicals.  It  seems  to  me  that  his 
statement  that  the  technical  periodicals  are 
largely  of  temporary  value  is  far  from  correct. 
I  know  certainly  there  is  nothing  in  my  own 
work  that  I  go  to  with  more  interest  than  pe- 
riodical literature  of  even  50  years  ago,  to  say 
nothing  of  that  of  to-day,  and  I  do  not  believe 
it  is  of  a  temporary  character.  Although  the 
demand  for  books  as  books  is  heavy,  it  seems 
to  me  the  transactions  of  learned  societies  and 
information  on  technical  subjects  being  fre- 
quently found  in  periodicals,  that  such  periodi- 
cals must  come  to  have  a  very  much  larger 
place  in  the  library  of  the  university  than  they 
have  had  in  the  past  or  even  have  at  the  present 
time. 

W.  J.  JAMES.  —  My  own  experience  is  that, 
in  general,  the  professors  in  chemistry,  for  in- 


stance, have  very  little  use  for  periodicals  more 
than  10  years  old.  They  consult  current  num- 
bers, while  the  professors  in  philosophy  and  his- 
tory, and  what  is  called  the  more  liberal  de- 
partments, constantly  make  use  of  the  older 
periodicals,  and  probably  such  periodicals  are 
of  practical  use  at  the  present  time.  But  still, 
I  do  not  believe  in  the  cutting  off  of  periodicals. 
The  fact  Mr.  Potter  points  out  has  some  bear- 
ing, but  unfortunately  we  cannot  discriminate; 
there  may  be  10  volumes  or  50  volumes  in  suc- 
cession that  contain  little  that  is  wanted,  but 
the  odd  volume  is  the  one  that  contains  the  im- 
portant paper,  and  one  must  go  back  to  that  be- 
cause that  paper  is  not  republished. 

C.  W.  ANDREWS.  —  I  would  like  to  say  as  a 
librarian  and  as  a  chemist  —  my  training  for  15 
years  before  I  went  into  the  library  was  that  of 
a  specialist  in  chemistry  —  that  the  statement 
that  the  chemist  does  not  care  for  books  or  peri- 
odicals that  are  over  10  years  old  seems  to  me 
so  far  from  true  that  I  must  contradict  it.  My 
work  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech- 
nology was  largely  bibliographic,  and  the  prob- 
lems presented  were  certainly  those  which  re- 
quired the  seeking  of  bibliographic  information. 
The  people  seeking  such  information  went  back 
to  all  sources,  and  they  found  almost  invariably 
that  the  makers  of  the  present  books  had  over- 
looked statements  and  expressions;  they  would 
find  in  the  older  periodicals  statements  of 
fact  which  were  afterwards  reproduced  as  new 
discoveries.  And  I  think  I  have,  for  one,  by 
doing  such  bibliographic  work,  acquired  a  bet- 
ter knowledge  of  the  subject  than  could  have 
been  obtained  in  any  other  way. 

As  to  the  practical  side  of  the  question,  the 
librarian  is  concerned  in  the  rather  large  ex- 
penditure in  starting  a  new  library.  I  asked 
the  committee  to  set  aside  one-half  the  funds 
for  the  purchase  of  back  sets  of  periodicals  and 
one-half  the  current  funds  for  subscriptions  to 
new  periodicals.  The  demand  of  my  readers 
has  been  for  more  sets  rather  than  more  books. 
In  reference  work,  periodicals  are  the  bone 
of  the  library,  and  furnish  probably  two-thirds 
of  the  really  serious  work  done  in  it. 

W.  H.  AUSTIN.  —  I  cannot  speak  from  the 
standpoint  of  a  chemist,  but  if  the  experience  of 
a  librarian  counts,  I  ^ant  to  say  you  cannot 
draw  any  line  as  to  time  in  periodicals;  they 
go  as  far  back  as  you  can  get  them  and 
come  down  to  the  present  time,  and  are  use- 


162 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


ful,  especially  in  advanced  work  in  the  uni- 
versity. A  man  cannot  do  a  piece  of  advanced 
work  unless  he  gets  at  the  literature  on  that 
subject,  and  if  he  stops  short  of  everything  that 
has  been  written  on  the  subject  he  feels  he  is 
on  dangerous  ground.  And  I  know  from  ex- 
perience that  men  do  go  back  just  as  far  as 
they  can  on  every  subject  they  have  to  inves- 
tigate, and  everything  short  of  complete  sets 
of  periodicals  running  back  would  cripple  a 
university  library. 

I  want  to  say  one  word  in  reference  to  the 
point  Mr.  Richardson  raised  in  reference  to  the 
library  council.  Mr.  Richardson,  I  take  it, 
would  try  to  put  a  library  on  the  same  basis  as 
every  other  department  of  the  university.  I  do 
not  believe  it  can  be  put  there,  because  each 
department  in  the  university  is,  in  a  measure, 
distinct.  The  work  of  each  department  is  car- 
ried on  by  its  own  members,  and  does  not  in- 
terfere with  another  department.  But  the 
work  of  the  university  library  embraces  all 
departments,  and  I  do  not  think  you  can  clas- 
sify a  university  library  as  you  classify  the 
other  departments  of  the  university,  because 
its  interests  are  so  much  more  diversified,  and 
it  is  therefore  necessary  to  provide  some  means, 
as  has  been  outlined  in  Mr.  Harris'  remarks, 
and  outlined  in  the  paper  from  Mr.  Potter,  of 
getting  the  other  departments  interested  and 
building  it  .up,  and  then  if  the  library  is  thus 
supplemented  you  have  a  most  perfect  division 
of  the  work. 

W.  J.  JAMES.  —  There  is  one  point  that  has 
not  been  brought  out  very  prominently  in  the 
consideration  of  the  subject  of  purchasing  pe- 
riodicals :  that  is,  the  fact  that  you  can  buy  al- 
most any  book  at  any  time,  while  the  question 
of  purchasing  periodicals  is  a  very  different  one, 
and  a  much  more  troublesome  and  expensive 
one,  because  you  cannot  supply  at  will  parts  of 
sets.  So,  I  think  I  would  buy  chemical  periodi- 
cals even  for  the  ungrateful  chemist. 

Dr.  ADLER.  —  I  am  glad  to  see  the  impor- 
tance of  the  subject  is  so  fully  recognized.  The 
publication  of  a  scientific  paper  in  a  periodical, 
or  in  the  transactions  of  a  learned  society,  is  the 
only  proper  way  in  which  to  issue  it.  The 
printing  of  separate  papers  is  nothing  but  a 
nuisance,  and  it  gives  the  bibliographer  more 
trouble  than  anything  else  that  is  done.  There 
is  no  need  of  emphasizing  the  statement  that 
the  scientific  man,  the  historian,  or  the  theolo- 


gian must  work  with  periodicals  and  with  trans- 
actions of  societies. 

I  am  going  to  advise  again  what  I  advised 
before,  and  what  the  librarian  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity seemed  to  turn  aside  as  not  an  impor- 
tant matter.  Every  university  of  any  size  in 
this  country  is  becoming  a  publishing  society  ; 
the  publications  are  issued  haphazard  by  cer- 
tain professors  ;  they  are  given  over  to  firms 
that  have  to  be  paid  substantially  for  publishing 
them,  and  nobody  gets  any  money  out  of  it  for 
the  college.  If  the  publication  of  these  works 
was  centralized  and  the  publications  were  sent 
out  under  the  control  of  the  librarian  for  the 
regulation  of  exchanges,  the  whole  problem  of 
expense  for  current  subscriptions  to  transac- 
tions of  societies  and  periodicals  would  be  a 
much  easier  one.  I  feel  quite  certain  of  that, 
because  I  have  seen  it  tried  in  two  places  with 
great  success.  In  Johns  Hopkins  University 
the  publication  work  and  library  work  have 
gone  hand  in  hand  from  the  first  day,  and,  for 
a  new  university  library  —  it  is  only  20  or  21 
years  old  —  they  have  a  remarkably  good  col- 
lection. In  the  library  of  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution the  whole  endeavor  has  been  from  the 
outset  to  make  it  a  library  of  transactions  of  so- 
cieties and  periodicals.  That  is  also  true  in  the 
Royal  Society.  Almost  everything  that  comes 
in  is  in  exchange  for  publications  sent  out.  I 
believe,  and  I  think  I  said  last  year,  that  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  has  received  books  for 
its  library,  through  exchanges,  of  greater  value 
than  all  the  money  it  has  expended  in  publica- 
tion, which  is  something  over  a  million  of  dol- 
lars. I  do  not  say  that  the  librarian  should  be 
charged  with  the  publications  ;  there  ought  to 
be  a  publication  agent  of  the  university;  but  I 
do  say  nothing  should  be  sent  out  by  the  uni- 
versity that  the  librarian  does  not  get  some- 
thing for.  That  can  be  done. 

JAMES  C.  HANSON.  —  Having  encouraged  the 
faculty  as  much  as  possible  towards  securing 
transactions  of  societies  and  periodicals,  I  hope 
to  see,  in  the  first  part  of  the  next  century  at 
least,  some  index  that  will  take  the  place  of  the 
present  cumbersome  ones.  I  think  if  the  inter- 
national scientific  index  is  a  success,  others  of 
that  nature  will  follow  it. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  I  hope  we  shall  discuss 
a  little  further  the  practical  matter  of  the 
method  and  distribution  of  funds  among  the 
departments.  Our  own  method  at  Princeton 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


163 


is  limited.  A  committee  of  the  faculty  decide 
amongst  themselves  what  each  one  shall  spend 
on  that  account,  and  that  is  supplemented  in 
the  general  departments  by  the  librarian. 

W.  P.  CUTTER. — When  I  took  charge  of  the 
library  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  — 
which  is  a  reference  library  and  where  the 
scientific  divisions  correspond  to  the  different 
schools  in  a  university  —  I  found  there  had 
been  a  certain  arrangement  similar  to  the  one 
indicated.  I  found  also  that  about  March  of 
each  year  —  our  fiscal  year  ending  the  3Oth  of 
June  —  probably  half  of  the  divisions  would 
have  spent  all  their  money  and  the  other  half 
of  the  divisions  would  have  spent  none  of  the 
money  that  was  allotted  to  them.  Our  pur- 
chases were  made-from  funds  where  two-thirds 
or  three-fourths  of  the  money  is  spent  in  buy- 
ing sets  of  periodicals,  and  this  has  been  so  for 
the  last  three  or  four  years.  Our  library  is  un- 
der the  disadvantage  that  our  appropriation  on 
the  3Oth  of  June  goes  back  into  the  United 
States  Treasury  and  cannot  be  spent  after  that. 
Under  such  circumstances  it  was  absolutely 
necessary  that  the  former  plan  be  abandoned, 
because  in  March  or  April  it  is  too  late  to 
buy  books,  for  they  cannot  be  paid  for  un- 
d^r  the  law.  We  have  no  board  of  trustees, 
and  have  practically  no  oversight  except  the 
head  of  the  department.  The  plan  at  present 
is  that  each  scientific  worker  in  the  depart- 
ment—  not  the  head  of  the  division,  but  each 
scientific  worker  —  shall  present  titles  of  books 
as  he  desires  them,  with  written  reasons  for 
their  purchase,  and  special  reasons,  in  case  of 
works  of  large  value.  I  have  found  that  plan 
to  work  very  well.  Of  course  one  condition 
exists  with  us  that  is  not  always  true  of  other 
libraries,  and  that  is  we  have  more  money  than 
we  can  spend. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  I  would  like  to  say  a 
word  myself,  on  the  matter  of  distribution  of 
funds,  because  I  find  myself  in  somewhat  of  a 
quandary  as  to  the  advisability  of  continuing 
our  plan  of  distribution  of  funds.  One  thought 
that  Mr.  Potter  has  brought  out  in  his  paper, 
and  that  has  been  commonly  noted,  is  that  of 
the  great  irregularity  of  professors  in  opposite 
departments  taking  up  their  appropriations. 
After  an  experience  of  a  dozen  years  with  that 
system,  which  seems  to  be  theoretically  very 
good,  I  find  it  works  so  irregularly,  and  the  re- 
sults attained  are  so  far  from  being^what  they 


theoretically  should  be,  that  I  am  doubtful 
whether  such  a  plan  as  has  been  referred  to  as 
being  in  use  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
might  not  be  a  good  plan  for  us  —  the  plan  of 
having  the  professors  send  titles  of  books  that 
they  would  recommend,  and  that  they  be  from 
time  to  time  informed  when  and  to  what  extent 
they,  in  the  judgment  of  the  committee,  are  ex- 
ceeding the  proper  amount  to  be  spent  in  that 
department.  I  am  not  prepared  to  say  that 
would  be  better,  but  I  am  prepared  to  say  that 
our  experience  with  the  other  plan  has  not  been 
wholly  satisfactory. 

G:  W:  HARRIS. — Some  of  Mr.  Potter's  strict- 
ures are  not  quite  true.  I  think  he  slightly  ex- 
aggerated some  instances.  In  our  own  case 
our  fiscal  year  ends  on  July  30.  The  appro- 
priations to  the  different  departments  must  be 
taken  up  by  orders  for  the  different  amounts 
by  June  i.  Any  amount  not  taken  up  by 
that  date  reverts  to  the  library  council  and 
may  be  used  for  general  works.  It  is  my  prac- 
tice to  send  out,  about  the  first  of  May  and  a 
month  before  the  last  orders  are  due,  a  notice 
to  the  head  of  each  department  that  he  has  a 
balance  remaining  of  so  much,  and  unless  or- 
ders are  handed  in  to  that  amount  before  the 
first  of  June  the  orders  will  be  cancelled  and  the 
amount  turned  over  to  the  library  council. 
And  as  a  result,  very  few  allowances  are  per- 
mitted to  lapse.  In  very  few  cases  have  I  had 
difficulty  with  professors  who  do  not  order  their 
amount. 

W.  H.  AUSTIN.  —  I  would  like  to  hear  some- 
thing upon  the  point  raised  by  Mr.  Potter  in 
regard  to  the  duplication  of  books. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  I  understand  Mr.  Potter 
referred  to  the  wishes  of  some  professors  to 
have  books  multiplied  —  10  or  50  copies  of  cer- 
tain books  added  to  the  library  of  the  institution. 
Is  it  proper  if  the  professor  is  allowed  $100  to 
spend  for  books  in  a  limited  time,  for  him  to 
say  he  would  much  rather  have  "the  library  get 
30  copies  of  one  book  and  spend  the  $100  on  that 
than  spend  it  any  other  way  ?  Is  that  a  prop- 
er interpretation  to  put  upon  the  liberty  he  has 
to  recommend  books  ? 

G:  W:  HARRIS.  —  I  should  say  it  is  not.  And, 
frequently,  we  do  deposit  from  the  general  li- 
brary sets  of  periodicals  in  the  different  semi- 
nary rooms,  but  those  periodicals  are  still  availa- 
ble for  use  in  the  general  reading-room,  and 
can  be  drawn  out  by  the  general  users  of  the 


164 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


library  as  any  other  library  book  can  be  drawn. 
It  is  our  general  practice  to  allow  each  professor 
to  order  the  book  he  chooses  for  his  collection, 
but  each  seminary  library  gets  an  appropriation 
from  the  funds  of  the  university  for  the  build- 
ing up  of  its  seminary  collection,  and  the  his- 
torical  and   literary   professors    apply   on   the 
ground  that  large  appropriations  were  made  to 
the   scientific   department   for   apparatus,   and 
these  books  are  to  be  considered  as  the  appa- 
ratus of  the  historical  and  literary  departments. 
-  E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  It  was  said  of  library  ad- 
ministration that  all  departments  are  interested 
in   the   library   in   a   way   in   which    they   are 
interested  in  no  one   single   department   else- 
where.    I  want  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that 
there  is  one  department  in  which  we  are  all  in- 
terested; in  which  we  are  more  interested  than 
any  other,  and  that  is  the  treasury  department. 
But  no  one  would  think,  as  a  matter  of  discre- 
tion, of  appointing  a  committee  from  each  de- 
partment of  the  faculty  to  run  that  department. 
I  say  the  selection  of  books  can  be  done  with 
perfect  ease  by  an  organization  separate  from 
the  other  departments.     A  professor  should  be 
allowed  all  the  books  he  wants,  but  they  could 
be  obtained  for  him  in  a  much  better  way  than 
by  giving  the  amateur  —  as  the  professor  usual- 
ly  is  —  an   absolute   voting   voice   in  the  con- 
sideration of  technical    matters,  in   which  the 
skilled  person  is  only  competent  to  have  a  voice. 
H.  W.  GATES.  —  In  regard  to  this  matter  of 
duplicates,  I  can  give  simply  the  testimony  of 
a  comparatively  small  library,  the  library  of 
the  Chicago  Theological  Seminary.     Previous 
to  the  last  two  years  the  faculty  had  full  swing, 
each  professor  ordering  all  the  books  he  wanted 
for   his   department.      I   find   in  a  very  large 
number  of  cases  that  different  professors  have 
had  need  for  a  work  on  special  lines  and  have 
ordered  duplicates.     With  the  single  exception 
of  works  on  Assyrian  texts  and  in  the  depart- 
ments of  histology  and  Egyptology,  which  class 
of  books  are  too  expensive  to  get  for  the  stu- 
dents themselves,  in  every  instance  where  du- 
plicates have  been  ordered  they  have  proved  of 
temporary  value  only.     We  have  a  choice  selec- 
tion of  duplicates  which  we  would  be  glad  to 
get  rid  of  to  the  highest  bidder,  and  it  seems  to 
me  this  plan  of  duplicating  a  work  for  temporary 
use  is  not  a  wise  one. 

V.  LANSING  COLLINS.  — On  the  other  hand,  I 
can  speak  of  one  course  in  Princeton  where  we 


duplicate  in  the  library  to  the  number  of  three 
or  four  copies  at  least,  year  after  year. 

G:  H.  BAKER.  —  I  do  not  think  there  is  much 
occasion  for  duplicating  books  for  graduating 
students.  Ordinarily,  all  this  matter  of  dupli- 
cation represents  material  needed  for  the  soph- 
omores and  juniors  and  seniors  in  a  college 
course.  In  our  library  we  have  not,  thus  far, 
duplicated  very  largely.  Of  course,  there  are 
some  historical  and  literary  works  of  which  we 
have  duplicate  copies  of  the  same  issue,  but 
we  content  ourselves  by  getting  different  edi- 
tions of  the  same  work.  But  of  course,  when 
you  come  to  economics  and  social  sciences  and 
history,  and  you  have  a  class  of  undergrad- 
uates required  to  read  certain  books,  we  feel 
more  strongly  the  need  of  supplying  those. 
Just  at  present  I  have  on  my  desk  a  list  of 
works  in  American  history,  of  which  two  or 
three  or  four  copies  are  desired  by  the  depart- 
ment of  history.  On  the  other  hand,  as  far  as 
our  needs  are  concerned,  no  such  large  dupli- 
cation as  I  fear  takes  place  sometimes  —  of 
10,  20,  or  30  copies  —  would  be  necessary. 
Of  course,  we  have  not  so  large  a  body  of 
graduates  to  provide  for.  My  impression  is 
that,  as  a  rule,  the  librarian,  if  he  has  author- 
ity as  he  should  have,  ought  to  hedge  in  and 
restrain  this  enthusiasm,  especially  of  the 
younger  instructors,  to  get  text-books  which 
they  need. 

I  might  say  a  word  concerning  this  matter  of 
periodicals  and  the  distribution  of  funds.  We 
felt  a  good  many  years  ago  that  what  a  uni- 
versity library  needed  was  original  records,  and 
just  as  far  as  it  has  been  possible  with  the 
funds  at  hand  to  get  those,  it  has  been  our  ef- 
fort to  put  the  money  into  such  sets.  There  is 
one  thought  in  this  connection,  as  a  mere  mat- 
ter of  economy  in  buying,  that  has  not  yet  been 
alluded  to,  and  that  is  this:  Not  a  few  of  the 
recommendations  which  come  to  us  are  for 
papers,  monographs  on  scientific  subjects, 
which  are  nothing  but  extracts  and  reprints.  I 
suppose  the  number  of  reprints  and  extracts  rec- 
ommended to  our  library  for  purchase  would 
amount  to  a  great  many  hundreds  of  dollars. 
Now,  these  are  recommended  usually  without 
any  special  knowledge  on  the  part  of  the  officer 
that  they  are  extracts.  Of  course,  if  the  money 
is  limited  and  he  happens  to  want  a  paper  that 
was  issued  in  1870  in  such  a  periodical,  or  is- 
sued as  a  monograph  separately,  what  he  par- 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


165 


ticularly  wants  at  that  time  is  that  paper,  and 
he  dislikes  to  have  his  money  put  into  a  series 
of  volumes  of  any  of  those  societies  which  may 
contain  much  more  than  he  wants,  or  which 
he  does  not  want  as  badly  as  he  needs  this 
part.  I  have  had  some  trouble  in  the  past  in 
persuading  these  officers  that  they  should  not 
spend  their  money  for  these  separate  extracts, 
and  sometimes  they  complain  because  the  or- 
ders for  these  are  laid  aside  and  they  do  not 
get  them.  But  I  think  most  of  them  soon  learn 
the  wisdom  of  what  is  done.  Now  we  have 
taken  pains  to  catalog  the  sets  we  have  at  hand 
and  make  them  available,  so  far  as  cataloging 
is  concerned.  I  think  you  will  find  in  building 
up  a  library  the  matter  of  buying  extracts  is  a 
great  waste  of  money.  On  the  other  hand, 
those  extracts  when  they  come  to  us  by  ex- 
change or  gift,  on  a  specific  subject,  we  bind 
together. 

Coming  back  to  the  matter  of  distribution  of 
funds  and  buying  periodicals:  the  things  clash. 
If  your  funds  are  all  distributed  around  among 
the  departments  —  and  unfortunately  it  is  a 
small  sum  when  we  come  to  divide  it  up  —  when 
you  come  to  distribute  the  sum  total  available 
among  a  dozen  or  15  or  20  departments,  there  is 
very  little  available  for  a  single  periodical.  We 
have  had  a  varied  experience  in  that  matter, 
and  while  I  think  we  divide  up  the  money  as 
much  as  we  have  to,  we  avoid  dividing  it  as 
much  as  we  can.  We  have  on  our  books  at 
present  credits  to  some  departments  that  have 
been  there  for  two  years.  Then,  on  the  other 
hand,  in  other  departments  the  money  has  been 
expended  in  three  months.  As  a  rule,  we  have 
tried  to  ignore  this  division  and  have  put  the 
money,  where  a  department  left  its  money  un- 
spent for  a  year  or  more,  in  buying  something 
which  comes  reasonably  within  the  scope  of 
that  department,  and  by  that  means  get  what 
we  need. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER  then  resumed  the  chair,  and 
C:  ALEX.  NELSON  read  his  paper  on 

A   BIT  OF    CLASSIFICATION  :   TREATMENT  OF   HAR- 

VARDIANA  BY   THE   HARVARD   CLUB   OF 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 

(Seep.  6l.) 

W:  I.  FLETCHER. — This  bit  of  classification 
will  interest  us  all  as  being  an  example  of  en- 
tire freedom  in  classifying  for  a  special  pur- 
pose. It  occurred  to  me  when  this  subject  was 


first  brought  up  that  it  might  be  useful  as  sug- 
gesting how  we  might  arrange  the  publications 
connected  with  our  own  institutions,  but  I  think 
we  all  see  at  a  glance  it  is  almost  impossible 
to  arrange  publications  of  our  graduates  on 
this  plan  unless  you  have  two  copies  of  each, 
because  you  must  feel  as  I  do,  that  the  publi- 
cations of  our  graduates  form  an  essential  part 
of  the  literature  in  the  library,  and  we  have 
adopted  the  plan  of  always  putting  the  first  copy 
there. 

W.  H.  AUSTIN.  —  I  would  like  to  ask  why  you 
adopt  the  class  instead  of  the  alphabetical  or- 
der? 

C.  A.  NELSON.  —  In  order  to  bring  out  the  his- 
torical record.  If  that  was  not  done  you  would 
get  them  out  of  place  historically.  By  arrang- 
ing by  classes,  a  man  coming  in  1855,  for  in- 
stance, wants  to  know  what  has  been  published 
by  his  classmates,  and  he  goes  right  to  the 
shelves  and  finds  everything  connected  with  his 
class  on  one  shelf. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  I  have  to  present  a  letter 
addressed  to  myself,  personally,  from  Mr.  H. 
L.  KOOPMAN,  who  kindly  consented  at  the  last 
moment  to  give  us  a  few  words  on 

COLLEGE   INSTRUCTION   IN   BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

I  have  never  tried  anything  but  the  most  ele- 
mentary instruction,  though  what  I  offer  is 
called  a  seminary  course.  Next  year  I  expect 
to  give  a  course  of  three  hours  a  week  during 
the  last  term,  which  will  make  about  30  lectures. 
For  the  last  two  years  I  have  given  a  course  of 
one  hour  a  week  during  the  last  two  terms  of 
the  year,  but  the  trouble  was  that  a  one-hour 
course  did  not- fit  into  the  general  scheme,  and 
my  classes  have  been  too  small,  never  more 
than  five.  The  change  of  method  will  give  me 
more  pupils,  I  hope,  as  well  as  afford  me  more 
time  to  treat  the  subjects  taken  up.  My  sub- 
jects next  year  will  be  something  as  follows  : 

Books. 

1.  Bibliography  —  Introductory. 

2.  Books  before  printing. 

3.  Classic  books. 

4.  Transmission  of  ancient  books. 

5.  Mediaeval  books. 

6.  Evolution  of  printing. 

7.  Printing. 

8.  Binding. 

9.  Publishing. 


i66 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


10.  Bookselling  and  Bookbuying. 

11.  Authorship. 

12.  Reading.         •  ', 

13.  Preserving  the  results  of  reading. 

14.  Reference  books. 

15.  Periodicals. 

Libraries. 

1.  Ancient  libraries. 

2.  Mediaeval  libraries. 

3.  English  (Modern). 

4.  European  (Modern). 

5.  American  (Modern). 

6.  Boston  Public  Library. 

7.  Harvard  University  Library. 

8.  Library  of  Congress. 

9.  Providence  Public  Library. 
10.  The  public  library  movement. 
n.  Classification. 

12.  Cataloging. 

13.  Administration. 

14.  Library  buildings. 

15.  Library's  place  in  education. 

The  British  Museum  Library,  or  the  Bibli- 
otheque  Nationale,  may  be  substituted 
for  two  American  libraries. 

The  arrangement  of  my  class  hour  is  as  fol- 
lows :  I  first  give  the  titles  of  the  books  on  the 
subject,  showing  the  books  and  talking  about 
them.  As  far  as  possible  I  confine  my  list  to 
English  books.  Then  I  lecture  for  half  an 
hour.  Then  we  have  one  or  two  brief  topical 
reports  from  students.  Every  student  is  ex- 
pected to  write  one  extended  paper,  or  thesis, 
during  the  term,  and  at  the  close  of  the  term 
there  is  the  regular  examination,  as  in  all  the 
college  classes. 

I  have  generally  had  good  students,  and  I 
can  say  that  I  have  enjoyed  giving  the  course. 
I  cannot  say  how  much  the  students  have 
profited  by  it,  but  I  think  they  have  learned 
something.  What  I  have  had  in  mind  is  not 
the  training  of  men  to  be  librarians,  but  to  have 
such  a  general  knowledge  of  books  and  libra- 
ries as  shall  help  them  as  students,  and  be  of 
service  to  themselves  and  the  public  if  they  are 
ever  called  upon  to  serve  as  trustees  or  on  book 
committees  of  libraries. 

Miss  KATHARINE  L.  SHARP. — Instruction  in 
library  work  was  taken  up  by  the  University  of 
Chicago  in  December,  1896,  and  several  classes 
have  been  conducted  :  one  class  was  given  at 


Cleveland  in  December,  one  class  in  Geneva, 
111.,  and  another  in  Aurora.  The  intention  of 
this  course  was  to  supply  general  information 
to  outsiders.  It  was  not  at  all  the  idea  to  train 
the  librarian  or  train  the  assistants.  A  course 
of  12  lessons  was  provided:  one  on  library  pub- 
lications ;  one  on  library  training  ;  one  on  the 
American  Library  Association;  one  on  state  and 
local  associations;  and  it  is  proposed  to  follow 
that  by  three  or  four  lessons  on  the  scope  and 
use  of  reference-books,  docketing,  indexing, 
dictionaries,  encyclopaedias,  and  practical  hand- 
books; and  perhaps  a  talk  on  bookbinding,  etc. 

The  methods  of  the  work  are  those  of  Uni- 
versity Extension.  While  the  University  Ex- 
tension in  the  University  of  Chicago  is  carried 
out  in  two  ways,  the  class  lecture  and  the  class 
study,  we  have  chosen  the  class  study,  because 
the  lecture  plan  will  take  large  classes,  while 
the  class  study  work  will  be  given  if  six  people 
will  support  it;  that  is,  by  each  one  paying  six 
dollars  for  the  course  of  12  lessons,  and  a 
share  of  the  lecturer's  travelling  expenses. 
With  a  class  varying  from  six  to  40  in  num- 
ber, as  we  have  had,  it  is  quite  possible  for  the 
teacher  to  come  into  close  class  relations  with 
the  students,  and  so  far  as  I  have  heard,  the 
results  have  been  satisfactory.  The  first  classes 
were  given  at  Cleveland,  and  the  40  members 
were  all  members  of  Mr.  Brett's  library,  but 
other  classes  have  been  made  up  of  members 
of  women's  clubs  and  representatives  of  teach- 
ers, as  well  as  the  local  librarians  and  trustees. 
We  hope  in  future  that  we  may  be  able  to  re- 
port more  progress. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  May  I  ask  as  a  matter  of 
information,  if  there  were  40  students  in  Cleve- 
land who  paid  six  dollars  apiece  for  this  instruc- 
tion ? 

Miss  SHARP.  —  Yes,  sir. 

W:  I.  FLETCHER.  —  It  was  very  much  to  their 
credit. 

Miss  SHARP.  —  It  certainly  was.  It  is  also  a 
matter  of  congratulation  for  Mr.  Brett.  They 
not  only  paid  the  six  dollars,  but  each  one  paid 
her  share  of  the  teacher's  travelling  expenses. 
The  teacher  came  from  Chicago  and  boarded 
at  an  expensive  hotel,  and  her  expenses  were 
paid  in  this  way.  It  being  Christmas  week, 
you  may  understand  the  students  made  a  sacri- 
fice at  that  time. 

Dr.   ADLER.  —  Inasmuch  as  both  professors 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


167 


and  students  are  absent  from  this  meeting  we 
can  talk  with  a  little  freedom  about  them.  I 
was  glad  to  notice  that  Mr.  Koopman  had  writ- 
ten a  word  on  the  subject  of  teaching  bibliog- 
raphy in  universities  and  colleges,  because  I 
think  it  is  a  very  important  one.  I  believe  that 
a  great  many  college  students  do  not  know  how 
to  use  the  books  that  will  help  them  in  their 
work,  and  I  think  that  some  sort  of  instruction 
ought  to  be  given  to  them.  It  would  not  need 
to  be  very  much;  it  would  not  need  to  be  three 
hours  a  week,  by  any  means.  I  should  think 
that  one  course  in  one  year,  sophomore  or 
junior,  of  12  hours,  would  be  enough.  And  I 
think  that  all  post-graduate  students  —  I  will 
not  speak  of  professors  —  would  be  very  much 
assisted  if  they  were  given  some  instruction  in 
what  I  would  consider  bibliography  in  the  nar- 
row sense,  namely:  how  to  prove  when  they  are 
writing  anything,  that  they  had  consulted  the 
proper  authorities.  We  all  know  that  many 
publications  are  lumbered  up  with  unnecessary 
citations.  We  all  know  many  publications  are 
rendered  less  valuable  by  the  absence  of  essen- 
tial citations,  and  we  all  know  to  our  sorrow 
that  most  people  cite  things  inaccurately.  My 
notion  is  that  the  teaching  of  bibliography 
should  have  no  reference  to  training  librarians 
or  librarian  assistants,  but  should  teach  under- 
graduate students  how  to  learn  the  resources  of 
the  library  and  then  teach  graduate  students 
how  to  prevent  other  people  from  being  worried 
by  improper  citations. 

Mrs.  FRANCES  H.  HESS.  —  I  should  hope  these 
lesser  aids  could  be  given  in  the  public  schools 
before  the  boys  go  into  college.  If  a  little 
instruction  of  this  kind  could  be  given  in  the 
high  schools,  the  freshman  and  sophomore 
would  know  about  these  helps  when  they  en- 
tered college.  A  superintendent  whom  I  know 
used  a  little  pamphlet  published  in  1888  on  the 
college  library  as  an  aid  to  instruction,  and  I 
am  sure  it  was  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  class 
and  in  the  after-lives  of  the  pupils. 

G:  W:  HARRIS.  —  In  my  own  work  I  get  the 
class  together  immediately  after  they  are  regis- 
tered in  the  fall  term,  and  give  them  a  talk  on 
the  reference  library  and  some  of  the  more  im- 
portant reference-books  and  the  way  in  which 
to  use  them.  That  talk  occupies  about  an  hour. 
Then  in  the  winter  and  spring  terms  they  have 
a  course  of  elementary  lectures  on  bibliography, 


which  is  given  for  the  benefit  of  those  who 
chose  to  take  the  course. 

W.  W.  BISHOP.  —  It  appears  to  me  a  good 
deal  of  emphasis  has  been  laid  on  this  matter 
from  a  wrong  point  of  view.  If  an  instructor 
is  good  for  anything  he  certainly  ought  to  teach 
his  elementary  pupils  and  see  that  his  advanced 
pupils  follow  out  the  instructions  given  them  in 
regard  to  making  a  citation  and  how  to  use  ad- 
vanced books  with  accuracy.  It  may  be  that  a 
number  of  instructors  in  our  colleges  are  not 
keeping  up  with  their  duty  in  this  matter,  but 
I  know  in  my  college  course  it  was  one  of  the 
earliest  things  laid  before  me,  even  as  early  as 
the  freshman  year. 

Dr.  B.  C.  STEINER.  —  Even  if  the  instructors 
are  competent,  I  do  not  think  it  is  their  duty  to 
give  this  instruction.  For  instance,  I  do  not 
think  it  is  the  duty  of  an  instructor  in  history 
or  chemistry  to  call  the  attention  of  students 
to  the  fact  of  the  existence  of  "  Poole's  index," 
or  that  there  is  such  a  book  in  existence  as  the 
"  Encyclopaedia  Britannica."  I  do  not  exagge- 
rate when  I  say  that  three-fourths  of  each  class 
coming  to  college  never  heard  of  "  Poole's  in- 
dex," and  do  not  know  much  about  the  "  En- 
cyclopaedia Britannica"  beyond  the  fact  they 
see  sets  of  it  in  store  windows,  or  see  advertise- 
ments offering  it  for  sale.  There  are  a  few 
general  principles  for  using  a  library  and  for 
the  characterization  of  reference-books  which 
ought  to  be  made  clear  by  the  librarian  at  the 
beginning  of  the  college  course.  I  know  if 
such  instruction  had  been  given  to  me  the  first 
year  I  was  at'college  it  would  have  been  a  very 
valuable  thing.  I  only  gained  such  information 
early  in  my  college  course  because  I  prowled 
around  the  library  before  the  first  term  was 
over;  those  that  did  not  prowl  around  did  not 
gain  it.  It  seems  to  me  that  no  instructor  in 
any  special  branch  ought  to  be  forced  to  bother 
with  this  general  book  instruction.  After  two 
or  three  general  lines  of  inquiry  have  been  in- 
dicated to  the  students,  however,  then  comes 
the  special  case  of  how  to  use  books  in  their 
own  special  line,  and  here  the  instructor  in  any 
line  ought  to  give  the  men  in  his  class  an  idea 
of  what  books  they  ought  to  use,  how  to  get 
at  them,  and  how  to  use  them. 

W.  J.  JAMES. — I  have  taken  our  freshmen 
in  sections  through  the  library,  in  the  past  two 
years,  and  have  talked  to  each  section  for  one 


i68 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


hour.  But  I  noticed  last  year  from  the  sta- 
tistics of  the  use  of  the  library,  that  that  single 
hour  of  instruction  in  the  use  of  reference- 
books  and  the  use  of  the  library  brought  about 
a  decided  increase  in  the  use  of  the  library  by 
the  freshmen.  Of  course,  I  do  not  mean  that  it 
takes  the  place  of  the  present  instruction  of  the 
individual.  But  from  recollection  of  my  own 
college  days  I  can  say  that  scarcely  one  man 
out  of  10  has  any  conception  of  the  use  of  the 
library,  and  I  think  such  instruction  ought  to  be 
given  to  the  whole  class.  I  was  assisted  in  this 
matter  by  the  instructor  who  had  charge  of  the 
freshmen's  compositions.  He  would  put  down 
as  one  of  the  subjects  to  write  about  "The 
college  library  and  its  use,"  and  of  course  the 
freshmen  were  obliged  to  come  in  and  get  the 
raw  material  for  their  productions.  This  had 
the  result  of  encouraging  a  large  number  of 
them  to  make  some  use  of  the  library. 

G:  H.  BAKER.  —  Almost  every  year  since  I 
have  been  connected  with  the  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Library  there  has  been  something  at- 
tempted toward  the  instruction  of  students  in 
the  use  of  the  library.  I  think  we  all  agree  on 
how  important  and  necessary  it  is  for  the  stu- 
dents to  know  something  about  the  library  and 
its  use,  for  their  own  sakes.  But  the  diffi- 
culty is  in  imparting  that  knowledge  to  them. 
If  you  gave  all  the  freshmen  in  college  a  lecture 
of  an  hour  they  would  come  away  with  a  re- 
markably small  amount  of  actual  information. 
The  subject  is  too  new  for  them  and  you  are 
obliged  to  present  it  too  abstractly.  I  think  the 
best  thing  you  can  do  in  the  course  of  an 
hour's  talk  is  to  impress  on  those  men  that  there 
is  a  good  deal  that  it  is  important  to  them  to 
know,  and  that  they  had  better  come  to  you  or 
to  your  assistants  in  the  library  and  find  out  the 
details  that  have  been  hinted  at.  From  my  own 
experience,  I  think  the  way  to  teach  young 
men  something  about  bibliography  and  libraries 
is  not  so  much  by  lectures  as  by  what  is  termed 
in  other  sciences  "laboratory  work."  Get  them 
to  the  library  and  show  them  the  books  and  the 
catalog.  It  is  a  great  deal  more  practical.  I 
could  give  one  man  or  two  or  three  men  more 
information  in  15  minutes  about  how  to  use  the 
library,  in  the  library  itself,  where  there  are 
books  and  catalogs  and  helps  to  be  shown  to 
them,  than  I  could  give  in  half  a  dozen  lectures 
in  the  class-room. 

Adjournment  was  taken  at  11.50  a.m. 


SECOND  SESSION. 
(DREXEL  INSTITUTE,  FRIDAY  MORNING,  JUNE  25.) 

The  College  Section  was  called  to  order  at 
9. 10  a.m.  by  ERNEST  C.  RICHARDSON,  chairman, 
who  delivered  his  address  on 

THE   SURVIVAL   OF  THE   FITTEST  AMONG   BOOKS. 
(See  p.  45-) 

W:  I.  FLETCHER  then  took  the  chair  and  de- 
livered his  remarks  on 

INDEX   PROSPECTS  AND   POSSIBILITIES. 

(Seep.  61.) 
Dr.  CYRUS  ADLER  spoke  on 

THE   LONDON   INTERNATIONAL  CONFERENCE  ON  A 

CATALOG  OF  SCIENTIFIC   LITERATURE. 

(Seep.  58.) 

W:  I.  FLETCHER. — One  important  matter  has 
not  been  mentioned  by  Dr.  Adler.  The  Royal 
Society  in  working  towards  this  date,  1900,  for 
the  beginning  of  the  new  index,  has  undertaken 
not  only  to  bring  its  present  catalog  up  to 
that  date  but  to  produce  an  alphabetical  sub- 
ject index  up  to  that  date.  Mr.  Foster,  secre- 
tary of  the  Society,  assures  me  of  this. 

Four  speakers  —  Dr.  J:  S.  BILLINGS,  G:  H. 
BAKER,  C.  W.  ANDREWS,  and  Miss  NINA  E. 
BROWNE  —  had  been  appointed  to  speak  upon 
the  next  subject, 

CO-OPERATIVE   PRINTING    OF   ANALYTICAL   REFER- 
ENCES. 

Dr.  BILLINGS.  —  The  immediate  proposition 
which  brings  me  before  you  is  an  arrange- 
ment, which  has  been  practically  completed, 
between  the  library  of  Columbia  University, 
New  York,  the  John  Crerar  Library,  Chicago, 
the  Boston  Public  Library,  and  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  with  the  general  understanding 
that  the  library  of  Harvard  University  would 
join,  to  prepare  an  analytical  catalog  indexing 
certain  serials,  including  periodicals,  transac- 
tions of  societies,  papers  issued  by  societies, 
etc.,  such  as  are  not  covered  by  "  Poole's  index," 
and  which  are  not  likely  to  be  covered  by  the 
international  scientific  index,  concerning  which 
Dr.  Adler  has  spoken.  As  the  scheme  was 
elaborated  between  the  librarians  of  these 
different  libraries,  it  was  provided  that  each 
library  should  select  certain  journals  or  seri- 
als, which  it  would  analyze  or  index  for 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


169 


itself  in  any  case,  and  should  furnish  to  the 
other  libraries  participating,  copies  of  the  in- 
dex cards  or  slips.  It  was  agreed  that  these 
should  be  printed  and  that  an  arrangement 
should  be  made  for  their  exchange,  either  by 
having  them  all  printed  at  one  place  and  the 
cost  divided,  or  having  an  exchange  of  a  certain 
number  of  slips  between  the  libraries.  The 
details  have  been  deferred  until  we  could 
obtain  estimates  as  to  the  cost  of  doing  the 
work  in  the  different  ways.  It  was  then  sug- 
gested that  there  were  other  libraries  that 
would  be  glad  to  obtain  copies  of  these  index 
slips,  and  that  some  arrangement  ought  to  be 
made  by  which  they  could  obtain  them.  I  have 
received  a  letter  from  Miss  Browne,  written  at 
the  request  of  Mr.  Lane,  of  the  Boston  Athenae- 
um, saying  that  this  work  is  valuable,  and 
that,  should  it  be  extended  to  a  larger  number 
of  libraries,  the  Publishing  Section  of  the  A.  L. 
A.  would  like  to  undertake  the  publication  of 
the  cards  in  order  to  make  it  possible  for  other 
libraries,  unable  to  co-operate  in  cataloging,  to 
purchase  them  to  a  limited  extent. 

As  to  the  character  of  the  literature  which  is 
to  be  analyzed  or  indexed  by  the  four  or  five 
libraries  that  have  thus  far  agreed  to  co-op- 
erate in  the  work,  I  have  indicated  in  a  general 
way  the  class  of  publications  not  indexed  by 
Poole  or  any  such  index  as  that  of  the  Review 
of  Reviews.  But  publications  relating  to  the 
mathematical,  physical,  and  natural  sciences, 
such  as  are  distinctly  taken  up  by  the  interna- 
tional co-operative  index  under  the  direction  of 
the  Royal  Society,  will  not  be  included.  There 
remains,  however,  a  very  considerable  mass  of 
publications  which  are  of  great  interest  and 
value,  including  for  example  a  large  part  of  phi- 
lology — the  inclusion  of  which  will  depend  upon 
the  decision  of  the  organizing  committee  for 
the  international  scientific  index  as  to  wheth- 
er or  not  they  will  include  philology  or  what 
portion  of  philology  they  will  include  in  their 
index  —  periodicals  relating  to  philology  and 
history,  historical  societies  for  example,  and 
genealogical  publications  and  papers  ;  also  so- 
ciology, economics,  transportation,  statistics 
relating  thereto,  finance  and  so  on,  all  of  which 
are  matters  on  which  it  is  very  desirable  a  large 
library  should  be  able  to  inform  its  readers  as 
to  the  latest  discussions  and  papers  contained 
in  periodicals  or  the  transactions  of  societies 
specially  devoted  to  those  subjects. 


As  a  preliminary  matter,  Mr.  Andrews,  of  the 
John  Crerar  Library,  prepared  a  memorandum 
of  those  publications  which  it  was  proposed  to 
index  or  analyze  in  that  library.  Mr.  Baker,  of 
Columbia  University,  prepared  a  similar  list  of 
those  which  he  analyzed,  and  Mr.  Putnam  pre- 
pared a  list  of  those  which  the  Boston  Public 
Library  was  prepared  to  take,  the  latter  desir- 
ing especially  to  cover  the  subject  of  geogra- 
phy. Altogether,  it  seems  that  we  may  start  in 
a  modest  way  by  each  library  taking  about  30 
journals,  the  indexing  of  which  is  not  very 
much  work.  Each  library  will  undoubtedly 
want  to  index  or  analyze  certain  details  which 
the  other  libraries  will  not  care  about,  and  this 
plan  is  not  in  the  slightest  degree  calculated  to 
interfere  with  their  doing  so. 

It  does  not  seem  worth  while  to  go  into  finan- 
cial details  now  nor  to  read  the  list  of  journals 
proposed  to  be  indexed.  When  ready  we  shall 
publish,  through  the  Library  Journal  or  by 
special  circular,  a  list  of  the  journals  we  are 
proposing  to  have  indexed,  and  also  such  in- 
formation as  we  can  obtain  as  to  the  cost  of 
obtaining  this  service.  I  presume  that  if  15  or 
20  libraries  wanted  all  these  titles,  the  cost 
would  certainly  not  exceed  one  cent  per  card. 
Some  libraries  would  want  two  cards  for  each 
article,  in  order  to  arrange  one  under  the  name 
of  the  author  and  one  under  the  subject.  Most 
libraries,  I  think,  would  only  want  one  card. 
But  suppose  only  10  libraries  want  all  the  titles, 
and  that  several  other  libraries  do  not  want  all 
but  want  selections  ;  that  will  involve  raising 
the  cost,  so  that  it  may  possibly  reach  a  cent 
and  a  half.  For  the  five  libraries  that  have 
gone  into  this  plan,  if  they  provide  for  them- 
selves alone,  it  would  cost  probably  between  a 
cent  and  a  half  and  a  cent  and  a  quarter  per 
card.  This  brings  up  the  question  which  each 
librarian  and  board  of  trustees  will  do  well  to 
consider.  It  is  for  them  to  say  to  what  extent 
they  will  receive  index  cards  of  certain  jour- 
nals, and  whether  they  wish  to  obtain  index 
cards  for  serials  which  they  do  not  receive. 
They  must  decide,  for  instance,  whether  they 
wish  to  pay  $60  a  year  for  a  set  of  cards  index- 
ing a  number  of  serials  on  banking,  statistics, 
sociology,  philology,  etc.,  of  which  they  are 
getting  perhaps  but  half  a  dozen  volumes, 
simply  to  show  those  who  consult  their  cata- 
logs where  this  information  might  be  had. 
How  far  it  is  well  to  spend  your  money  in  fur- 


170 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


nishing  a  list  of  what  you  have  not  got,  instead 
of  attempting  to  furnish  readers  with  satisfac- 
tory information  on  what  you  have,  is  a  ques- 
tion of  management  for  each  library.  The 
libraries  of  the  great  universities  and  the  great 
libraries  of  large  cities  are  the  places  to  which 
investigators  and  scholars  come  for  informa- 
tion in  special  research,  and  I  think  it  is  quite 
clear  it  will  be  important  to  those  libraries  to 
take  just  as  many  of  these  series  of  index  cards 
as  possible. 

Is  it  worth  while  for  other  libraries  to  make 
these  subscriptions  ?  That  is  a  question  to  be 
left  to  each  individual  library.  All  I  can  say  is 
my  own  individual  opinion,  that  if  I  were  in 
charge  of  a  library  in  a  small  town  —  a  lending 
library  of  about  16,000  volumes  —  and  if  I 
wanted  to  keep  up  the  interest  of  my  people  in 
that  library,  I  would  do  the  very  best  I  could 
for  it.  I  would  take  the  principal  journals, 
selecting  them  as  carefully  as  I  could  with  ref- 
erence to  the  wants  and  needs  of  the  community, 
and  I  would  have  those  journals  indexed  within 
24  hours  of  the  time  of  their  arrival  at  the  li- 
brary. I  would  not  wait  for  "  Poole's  in- 
dex "  to  come  five  or  six  or  seven  years  after- 
wards. 

It  is  urged  in  favor  of  co-operation  and  of 
putting  matters  into  the  hands  of  a  central  body 
'or  bureau,  that  you  can  diminish  the  expense  to 
the  individual  libraries.  Trustees  are  told  that 
if  they  will  subscribe  to  a  publication  fund  or 
subscribe  liberally  for  an  index  they  will  not 
need  so  many  catalogers  and  will  be  able  to  cut 
down  their  force.  That  is  a  kind  of  argument 
that  I  object  to.  But  I  believe  it  is  a  very  good 
thing  to  do  work  that  will  be  for  the  benefit  not 
only  of  your  individual  library  or  yourself,  but 
for  the  benefit  of  other  libraries  and  other 
people. 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  — The  question  of  the  di- 
vision of  the  field  between  the  index  planned  by 
the  Royal  Society  and  that  of  which  Dr.  Billings 
speaks  is  as  yet  entirely  open  and  must  be  studied 
with  care.  In  regard  to  what  Dr.  Billings  has 
said  of  libraries  smaller  than  40,000  or  50,000 
volumes,  it  would  be  a  question  with  us  whether 
we  could  afford  to  pay  $60  for  these  cards.  But 
suppose  we  had  also  to  pay  $50  to  the  Royal 
Society,  I  would  expect  to  go  before  our  board 
of  trustees  and  urge  that  this  be  paid  from  the 
fund  given  to  the  college  for  the  purpose  of 
paying  for  the  cataloging  work  of  the  library. 


This  fund,  of  about  $300,  was  left  as  an  endow- 
ment for  that  purpose,  and  the  gentleman  who 
gave  it  knew  of  no  way  of  furnishing  readers 
with  a  guide  except  by  the  old  way  of  catalog- 
ing —  employing  some  one  to  catalog.  It  would 
be  perfectly  legitimate  that  some  of  that  money 
should  be  appropriated,  if  needed,  to  purchas- 
ing these  cards. 

G:  H.  BAKER.  —  After  what  Dr.  Billings  has 
said  about  the  general  scope  of  this  undertak- 
ing, very  little  remains  for  me  to  say.  In  our 
library  we  look  upon  periodical  articles  and  the 
publications  of  learned  societies  in  the  same 
way  we  look  upon  individual  books  or  pam- 
phlets ;  that  is,  each  must  be  treated  from  a 
library  standpoint  and  cataloged  as  a  biblio- 
graphic entry.  As  it  stands,  it  must  be  indexed 
with  as  much  care  as  if  it  were  a  book,  and  the 
entries,  such  as  they  are,  must  be  prepared  so 
that  they  can  be  put  into  our  catalog  with  its 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  cards  and  take  their 
place  without  lack  of  harmony.  This  we  do 
because  these  publications  are  of  much  impor- 
tance as  bibliographic  items,  outside  of  their 
existence  as  part  of  a  periodical  publication.  If 
we  can  do  this  by  co-operation  it  is  a  most 
desirable  thing  to  do.  One  reason  why  so 
many  co-operative  schemes  have  failed  is  owing 
to  the  cards  themselves.  They  suited  some 
ideal  scheme,  perhaps,  but  did  not  suit  any  par- 
ticular library,  or  where  they  suited  one  library 
they  did  not  suit  others.  If  a  card  is  not  fairly 
uniform  with  our  other  cards  in  size,  and  above 
all  in  mechanical  execution,  it  is  of  no  use  to 
us  ;  it  must  be  a  card  that  will  go  into  our 
general  catalog  and  be  serviceable. 

There  are  a  large  body  of  institutions  hav- 
ing substantially  the  same  material  to  catalog 
month  by  month  and  week  by  week,  and 
therefore  the  material  to  be  cataloged  is  uni- 
form. There  must  be,  then,  first,  uniformity 
in  size,  and  then  general  uniformity  in  the  plan 
of  the  catalog  and  in  the  accuracy  and  detail 
of  the  cataloging.  If  we  fail  in  those  particu- 
lars the  work  will  not  be  satisfactory.  If  we 
can  agree  on  making  a  high  grade  of  catalog, 
the  financial  details,  I  am  sure,  can  be  settled 
through  the  Publishing  Section.  But  without 
referring  to  details,  I  want  to  emphasize  the 
thought  that  those  who  are  engaged  in  co- 
operating with  us,  by  purchase  or  otherwise, 
must  insist  that  thoroughly  good  work  be  done 
in  this  indexing. 


COLLEGE  SECTION. 


171 


C.  W.  ANDREWS.  —  As  to  the  question  of 
economy,  we  will  agree  with  Dr.  Billings  in  rep- 
rehending any  attempt  to  cut  down  individual 
library  cataloging,  yet  we  can  also  look  on  the 
question  of  economy  from  the  other  side  and 
say  that  with  the  same  expenditure  of  money, 
which  may  be  the  maximum  of  the  funds  of  the 
library,  we  can  do  five  or  10  times  as  much 
work  in  this  way  as  we  could  separately,  and 
that  point  I  think  Mr.  Baker  did  not  sufficiently 
dwell  upon.  The  fact  is,  all  these  five  libra- 
ries are  doing  more  or  less  —  many  of  them 
a  great  deal  more  —  of  this  work  already  than 
they  could  do  separately.  It  is  a  question 
of  doing  more  work,  and  perhaps  doing  it  in 
rather  prompter  and  more  systematic  fashion. 
In  regard  to  the  question  of  the  selection  of  the 
sets  to  be  cataloged  and  the  character  of  the 
entries  to  be  made,  there  is  some  little  differ- 
ence of  opinion.  My  own  opinion  is  more  in 
line  with  that  of  Mr.  Baker  :  that  the  entries 
should  contain  full  bibliographical  information  ; 
that  they  should  be  available  to  perfect  the  or- 
dering of  reprints  ;  and  that  in  general  they 
should  take  up  all  those  serial  publications 
which  have  separate  title-pages. 

Dr.  Billings  has  given  you  his  figures  in  very 
brief  form.  I  may  say  they  are  almost-  identi- 
cal with  those  obtained  by  me  from  carefully 
prepared  estimates  submitted  by  the  printer  of 
the  John  Crerar  Library  and  by  the  branch  of 
the  Library  Bureau  in  Chicago,  which  has  ex- 
pressed a  desire  to  be  allowed  to  compete. 
Both  agree  in  putting  the  charge  for  printing, 
arranging,  and  mailing  —  but  not  for  postage  or 
express  charges  —  at  15  cents  per  title.  The 
cards  are  almost  the  same  ;  one  asks  four 
cents  ;  the  other  four  and  seven-tenths  cents 
for  two  cards  for  each  title  of  10  lines.  The 
postage  may  be  estimated  at  one  cent.  It 
would  seem  better  to  begin  with  a  small  num- 
ber of  periodicals  and  work  up  ;  to  take  those 
which  are  strictly  analytical  and  add  to  them 
such  periodicals  as  are  afterwards  found  to  be 
desired  by  the  libraries  co-operating. 

Three  separate  suggestions  have  been  made 
for  the  printing.  The  original  suggestion  was 
that  we  should  each  employ  our  own  printer 
and  simply  exchange  cards.  That  would  be 
simple,  but  there  would  be  some  danger  of  con- 
fusion of  type,  and  of  possible  discrepancies  in 
arrangement,  so  we  decided  to  try  to  find  some 
central  printing  office.  The  Boston  Public  Li- 


brary is  considering  at  present  whether  it  will 
offer  us  facilities  in  its  printing-room.  Should 
it  undertake  the  work  for  us,  it  would  be  in 
place  of  furnishing  titles,  and  the  cost  to  it  is 
estimated  at  a  very  much  lower  sum  than  has 
been  stated  here,  the  work  being  done  by  lino- 
type. The  third  proposition,  which  has  only 
recently  come  up  and  of  which  Miss  Browne 
will  speak,  is  that  the  Publishing  Section  should 
do  the  work  for  us.  If  they  do  it,  there  will 
have  to  be  some  alterations  made  in  the  plan. 
They  would  want  to  make  some  compensation 
for  the  libraries  which  furnish  titles,  as  against 
those  which  simply  subscribe.  However,  I 
agree  with  Mr.  Baker  that  this  part  of  the  sub- 
ject is  the  one  offering  the  fewest  difficulties. 
The  real  question  comes  on  the  point  whether 
the  libraries  are  willing  to  sink  minor  differ- 
ences; to  waive  minor  points  of  opinion  as  to 
what  is  desirable;  and,  in  this  way,  to  secure  a 
very  much  larger  use  of  their  periodical  sets, 
and  a  very  desirable  increase  in  the  efficiency 
of  their  cataloging  work. 

Miss  N.  E.  BROWNE.  —  Dr.  Billings  stated  in 
reply  to  a  letter  I  wrote  to  him  some  time  ago 
in  regard  to  the  Publishing  Section's  taking  up 
this  work,  that  he  wished  it  to  undertake  the 
work  so  that  other  libraries  might  have  the 
benefit  of  it.  Mr.  Lane,  before  leaving  for  Eu- 
rope, obtained  some  estimates  which  were  not 
satisfactory  to  him,  although  they  do  not  vary 
much  from  those  already  given.  Since  his  de- 
parture I  have  not  been  able  to  make  any  defi- 
nite arrangement,  but  I  have  a  letter  from  him, 
saying  that  when  he  returns  he  feels  sure  he 
will  be  able  to  make  some  arrangement  by 
which  the  Publishing  Section  can  do  this  work 
satisfactorily  for  the  five  libraries,  and  at  the 
same  time  offer  other  libraries  the  privilege  of 
selecting  cards  for  the  publications  each  libra- 
ry desires. 

THORVALD  SOLBERG.  —  If  this  work  is  done 
by  the  Publishing  Section,  has  it  taken  into  con- 
sideration how  far  private  students  will  be  al- 
lowed to  subscribe  for  all  titles  relating  to  any 
particular  subject  or  any  particular  number  of 
subjects  ? 

E.  C.  RICHARDSON.  —  That  is  a  question  that 
seems  quite  important  in  connection  with  how 
this  work  should  be  done.  If  it  is  done  by 
exchanging  among  the  different  libraries  them- 
selves, it  would  be  very  difficult  to  take  sub- 
scriptions from  individuals  or  from  other  libra- 


172 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


ries,  as  there  would  be  new  subscriptions  coming 
in  all  the  time.  The  Publishing  Section  would 
manage  it  in  such  a  way  that  subscriptions 
could  be  received  from  any  one,  individual  or 
library,  for  any  number  of  the  cards  at  reasona- 
ble cost. 

W.  J.  JAMES.  —  Is  it  understood  that  these 
titles  shall  be  printed  on  cards  of  a  uniform 
size,  or  are  they  of  various  sizes,  and  will  any 
copies  be  printed  on  thin  paper? 

C.  W.  ANDREWS.  —  The  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary is  willing  to  waive  its  peculiar  needs  and 
accept  the  full-sized  card  of  the  A.  L.  A.  We 
should  print  them  in  such  a  way  that  it  would 
be  perfectly  possible  to  cut  off  the  lower  third 
and  allow  libraries  that  use  that  size  to  do  so. 

HERBERT  FRIEDENWALD  then  delivered  his 
remarks  on 

THE  CARE  OF  MANUSCRIPTS. 
(Seep.  52.) 

The  Committee  on  Organization  submitted 
the  following  : 

REPORT   OF  COMMITTEE   ON    ORGANIZATION   OF 
COLLEGE   SECTION. 

After  consultation  with  the  president  of  the 
Association,  your  Committee  on  Organization 
and  Nomination  beg  leave  to  submit  the  follow- 
ing report  : 

To  secure  the  best  results  in  this  branch  of 
our  discussions,  it  is  deemed  best  to  keep  this 


branch  organization  of  such  a  character  that  any 
member  of  the  Association,  who  feels  his  work 
comes  in  this  division,  shall  have  the  full  privi- 
lege of  taking  part  in  the  discussions  of  this 
Section. 

To  this  end  we  have  decided  to  nominate  for 
your  consideration  a  committee  of  three,  whose 
duty  it  shall  be  to  provide  a  suitable  program 
for  the  next  conference  and  to  confer  with  the 
Executive  Board  or  Program  Committee  of  the 
Association  to  arrange  for  a  proportionate  place 
on  the  general  program  of  the  conference. 

We  would  nominate  for  such  a  committee  E. 
C.  Richardson,  G.  W.  Harris,  W.  E.  Foster. 

Also,  since  the  committee  has  been  requested 
to  suggest  a  name  for  this  Section,  we  would 
report  that  we  can  find  no  better  name,  which 
seems  comprehensive  enough  to  define  the 
character  of  the  topics  to  be  discussed  by  this 
Section,  than  that  already  in  use,  viz.,  College 
and  Reference  Library  Work. 

WILLARD  AUSTIN, 
OLIVE  B.  JONES, 
CLEMENT  W.  ANDREWS. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

Owing  to  lack  of  time  the  paper  by  WILDER- 
FORCE  EAMES  on 

THE   CARE   OF   SPECIAL   COLLECTIONS 

was  read  by  title  and  ordered  printed. 

.        (Seep.  48.) 
Adjournment  was  taken  at  11.40  a.m. 


TRUSTEES'   SECTION. 


173 


TRUSTEES'   SECTION   OF   THE   A.    L.   A. 


*T*HE  Trustees'  Section  held  two  meetings  in 
connection  with  the  Philadelphia  confer- 
ence. The  first  meeting  was  called  to  order  in 
the  auditorium  of  the  Drexel  Institute  at  loa.m. 
on  Wednesday,  June  23,  by  George  A.  Mac- 
beth, chairman,  E.  H.  Anderson  being  ap- 
pointed secretary.  There  were  present  the  fol- 
lowing trustees  : 

Col.  Weston  Flint,  Public  Library,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. ;  J:  M.  Glenn,  Mercantile  Library, 
Baltimore,  Md. ;  F.  J.  Hoag,  Public  Library, 
Toledo,  O. ;  A.  F.  Hostetter,  Normal  School 
Library,  Lancaster,  Pa. ;  Hugh  T.  Kelly,  Public 
Library,  Toronto,  Ont.;  W.  C.  Kimball,  Free 
Public  Library,  Passaic,  N.  J. ;  G.  A.  Mac- 
beth, Carnegie  Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. ;  T. 
Guilford  Smith,  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  Charles  C.  Soule,  Public 
Library,  Brookline,  Mass. ;  C.  W.  Vandervort, 
Public  Library,  Peoria,  111. 

The  following  were  present  as  librarians  as 
well  as  trustees  :  E.  H.  Anderson,  Carnegie 
Free  Library,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  ;  Miss  E.  G. 
Browning,  Public  Library,  Indianapolis,  Ind. ; 
A.  C.  Herzog,  Free  Public  Library,  Bayonne, 
N.  J.;  T.  L.  Montgomery,  Free  Libraries  of 
Philadelphia. 

On  account  of  their  experience  and  knowledge 
of  A.  L.  A.  affairs,  and  as  representing  the 
main  body  of  the  Association,  the  following 
were  present  at  the  invitation  of  the  chairman  : 
W.  H.  Brett,  president;  H.  L.  Elmendorf,  vice- 
president;  R.  P.  Hayes,  secretary;  Dr.  J.  S. 
Billings,  F.  M.  Crunden,  Melvil  Dewey,  W.  I. 
Fletcher,  and  J.  N.  Larned. 

The  chairman  briefly  outlined  the  shadowy 
basis  on  which  the  Trustees'  Section  had  been  or- 
ganized, with  no  definite  purpose  and  no  definite 
relation  to  the  general  Association.  He  stated 
that  there  was  no  use  trying  to  get  trustees,  who 
were  largely  business  men,  to  take  an  interest  in 
and  attend  meetings  of  the  Trustees'  Section  un- 
less there  was  a  definite  object  in  view,  and  unless 
they  could  be,  in  some  way,  of  real  service  in 
aiding  the  work  of  the  general  Association.  It 
had  occurred  to  him  that  there  was  one  thing 
which  the  Trustees'  Section  could  appropriately 
do,  viz.,  raise  money  to  carry  on  the  work  of 
the  Publishing  Section.  He  thought  there  ought 


to  be  a  definite  relation  between  these  two  sec- 
tions, and  that  the  Trustees'  Section  should  be 
authorized  by  the  A.  L.  A.  to  organize  for  some 
such  specific  purpose. 

Mr.  Soule  began  his  remarks  by  emphasizing 
the  fact  that  trustees  ought  to  send  their  libra- 
rians to  the  A.  L.  A.  meetings.  He  did  not 
think  trustees  generally  realized  how  important 
it  was  to  a  library  that  its  librarian  should  at- 
tend these  annual  meetings,  listen  to  the  dis- 
cussions and  compare  methods.  He  said  that 
money  was  certainly  needed  for  the  Publishing 
Section,  and  the  Trustees'  Section  could  not  do 
better  than  turn  its  energies  in  this  direction. 
He  thought  money  was  also  needed  for  a  paid 
secretary  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

The  chairman  then  called  upon  Mr.  Fletcher, 
as  representing  the  Publishing  Section,  to  give 
an  account  of  the  work  of  that  Section.  Mr. 
Fletcher  stated  that  the  work  consisted  chiefly  of 
co-operative  cataloging  and  indexing,  and  men- 
tioned the  indexes  and  annotated  catalogs  which 
had  been  issued  by  the  Section.  He  stated  that 
the  sales  from  publications  did  not  cover  the  ex- 
pense of  issuing  them,  and  it  was  necessary,  if 
the  work  of  the  Section  should  go  on,  that  they 
should  have  financial  assistance  from  some  quar- 
ter. He  estimated  that  these  catalogs  and  in- 
dexes saved  at  least  two-thirds  of  the  expense 
which  would  be  involved  if  each  library  under- 
took to  make  them  for  its  own  use  on  cards,  or 
otherwise.  In  other  words,  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion saved  a  large  amount  of  money  for  every 
library  which  bought  its  publications.  He 
thought  that  its  work  should  be  subsidized  by 
libraries  or  their  trustees. 

Mr.  Smith  suggested  subscriptions,  classified 
according  to  the  size  of  the  libraries. 

Mr.  Elmendorf  said  that  libraries  could  aid 
the  Publishing  Section  by  taking  more  copies  of 
its  publications. 

Mr.  Larned  spoke  in  favor  of  the  establishing 
of  a  publication  society,  distinct  from  the  A.  L. 
A.,  somewhat  after  the  manner  of  the  publica- 
tion societies  in  England. 

Mr.  Dewey  advocated  getting  subscriptions 
from  libraries,  which  he  said  was  the  method 
used  for  raising  money  for  the  Publishing  Sec- 
tion in  the  beginning. 


174 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE, 


Mr.  Flint  spoke  of  the  great  saving  to  libra- 
ries from  the  co-operative  work  of  the  Publish- 
ing Section.  Whenever  you  can  show  a  trustee 
that  he  can  save  $10  by  subscribing  $i,  he  will 
do  it  every  time.  Trustees  only  need  to  know 
what  is  done  and  what  can  be  done. 

Mr.  Kimball  said  that  if  you  wanted  money 
from  trustees  you  must  tell  them  exactly  what 
it  was  wanted  for.  Mr.  Kelly  also  spoke  for 
definiteness;  he  said  he  was  present  as  the  rep- 
resentative of  his  board,  and  was  expected  to 
report  what  the  Trustees'  Section  stood  for. 

Mr.  Brett  thought  that  next  year  each  library 
should  be  urged  to  send  a  trustee  as  delegate  to 
the  A.  L.  A.  conference.  Mr.  Crunden  spoke 
for  a  special  trustees'  meeting,  distinct  from  the 
A.  L.  A.  meeting ;  he  thought  that  trustees 
could  raise  money  as  librarians  cannot.  Mr. 
Elmendorf  thought  that  more  trustees  ought  to 
become  members  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

Dr.  Billings  suggested  that  the  practical  thing 
to  do  was  to  call  a  special  meeting  of  trustees  — 
say  in  New  York  —  next  winter.  Many  of  the 
trustees  are  away  during  the  summer  and  can- 
not attend  the  regular  A.  L.  A.  meetings.  He 
suggested  that  a  committee  be  appointed  at 
this  meeting  to  arrange  for  a  winter  meeting. 

Mr.  Glenn  said  he  wanted  to  meet  when  the 
librarians  met,  for  he  did  not  get  much  inspira- 
tion from  the  meetings  of  the  Trustees'  Section. 

The  chairman  said  we  could  not  get  trustees 
to  meet  without  a  specific  purpose. 

Mr.  Soule  moved  that  a  committee  of  three 
be  appointed  by  the  chair  to  report  a  plan  of 


action  at  a  special  meeting  to  be  called  the  fol- 
lowing afternoon.  The  motion  was  carried, 
and  the  chair  appointed  C.  C.  Soule,  T.  G. 
Smith,  and  J.  M.  Glenn. 

Mr.  Kimball  then  moved  that  adjournment 
be  taken,  the  Section  to  meet  the  following 
afternoon  at  two  o'clock,  at  the  Aldine  Hotel. 
Voted. 

The  adjourned  meeting  of  the  Section  was 
held  in  one  of  the  parlors  of  the  Aldine  Hotel, 
at  two  o'clock  p.m.,  June  24. 

There  were  present  G.  A.  Macbeth,  J.  S.  Bil- 
lings, Weston  Flint,  C.  C.  Soule,  W.  C.  Kimball, 
C.  R.  Vandervort,  T.  J.  Hoag,  H.  T.  Kelly,  and 
Miss  E.  G.  Browning.  Mr.  Macbeth  occupied  the 
chair,  and  Mr.  Kelly  was  appointed  secretary 
of  the  meeting. 

Mr.  Soule  presented  to  the  meeting  the  re- 
port of  the  sub-committee  appointed  on  the 
previous  day,  and  in  accordance  with  the  rec- 
ommendation contained  in  that  report  it  was 
decided  to  elect  now  a  chairman  of  the  Trus- 
tees' Section. 

It  was  moved  by  Mr.  Soule  and  seconded  by 
Mr.  Hoag  that  the  Hon.  T.  Guilford  Smith,  of 
Buffalo,  be  chairman  of  this  Section,  and  that 
he  have  power  to  appoint  an  executive  commit- 
tee of  three  or  five  persons  (in  his  discretion) 
and  a  secretary.  Voted. 

It  was  moved  by  Mr.  Soule  and  seconded  by 
Mr.  Kimball  that  a  meeting  of  trustees  be 
called  by  the  chairman,  to  be  held  in  New  York 
in  the  coming  winter.  Voted. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned. 


FARR. 


175 


THE   SOCIAL   SIDE   OF   THE   CONFERENCE. 


BY   MARY   P.    FARR. 


PHILADELPHIA  was  decked  in  her  gayest 
attire  on  Monday,  June  21, 1897;  flags  were 
flying  from  all  her  public  buildings,  and  red, 
white,  and  blue  bunting  hung  in  festoons  from 
the  windows.  Whether  this  was  in  honor  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  or  of  the  Saengerfesters,  who  arrived 
the  same  day,  we  do  not  say.  The  whole  city 
was  a  whirl  of  bustle  and  excitement  ;  stran- 
gers poured  in  from  all  parts  of  the  country  and 
scattered  to  all  parts  of  the  city.  The  Aldine 
Hotel  was  monopolized  by  the  members  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,  who  straggled  in  from  early  in  the 
morning  until  the  last  minute  before  the  recep- 
tion of  the  evening. 

Monday  evening  was  one  of  those  rare  occa- 
sions on  which  the  presence  of  ladies  was  per- 
mitted in  the  rooms  of  the  exclusive  Historical 
Society.  The  crowd  soon  filled  the  rooms  to 
their  utmost  and  overflowed  into  the  small  but 
quaint  garden,  radiant  with  Japanese  lanterns 
hung  in  every  conceivable  spot.  Here  at  every 
turn,  in  sheltered  nooks  and  in  corners  of  the 
piazza,  one  came  upon  groups  of  twos  and 
threes,  all  chatting  most  energetically.  New 
acquaintances  were  formed  and  old  ones  re- 
newed. In  vain  we  tried  to  remember  the 
names,  faces,  and  cities  of  every  one  we  met. 
After  a  few  brief  addresses  of  welcome  we  were 
ushered  into  the  library,  where  the  high,  mas- 
sive bookcases  made  an  impressive  back- 
ground for  the  resplendent  feast  set  forth. 
Here  tongues  were  let  loose  once  again  and 
the  talking  became  more  vigorous.  In  the  wee 
sma'  hours  we  parted  with  the  feeling  that  we 
would  see  much  of  one  another  during  the 
week,  but  alas!  in  the  busy  days  that  followed, 
in  spite  of  the  numerous  social  affairs,  we  met 
again  only  for  a  hurried  word,  but  the  remem- 
brance of  that  first  night  will  always  be  with  us. 

Tuesday  evening's  program  was  introduced 
with  music  at  Horticultural  Hall.  As  soon  as 
the  speeches  of  the  evening  were  over,  the  floor 
was  rapidly  cleared  for  the  dancing  which  fol- 
lowed. Much  to  our  disappointment,  however, 
that  delightful  two-step,  "El  Capitan,"  was 
played  when  the  crowd  was  passing  out,  and 
there  was  no  chance  to  dance;  nevertheless,  "  a 


great  deal  of  dancing  was  accomplished  in  a 
very  small  space." 

Wednesday  afternoon  Chestnut  street  was  the 
scene  of  a  strange  spectacle  —  coaches  and  ve- 
hicles of  all  sizes  and  description  filled  the 
street  for  blocks  and  blocks  below  the  Aldine. 
People  feared  that  a  new  show  had  come  to 
invade  the  quiet  of  Chestnut  street,  and  were 
relieved  to  find  it  was  only  "those  librarians" 
going  on  a  coaching  party.  We  were  aristo- 
cratic enough  to  boast  three  tally-hos,  with 
bugles,  gayly-colored  parasols,  and  everything 
complete.  Old  omnibuses  and  picnic  coaches 
were  called  into  use.  Two  old  horse-cars  set 
on  high  wheels  were  borrowed  from  the  Union 
Traction  Company  for  the  occasion. 

This  motley  caravan  wended  its  way  through 
the  streets  of  Philadelphia,  followed  by  vocifer- 
ous cheers  from  the  urchins  on  the  sidewalk. 
Along  the  River  Drive  of  East  Fairmount  Park 
we  passed  and  by  the  side  of  the  Wissahickon 
Creek.  Words  are  not  needed  to  describe  that 
drive  when  one  sees  the  pictures  the  photog- 
raphers took  upon  the  occasion.  Mr.  Straw- 
bridge  had  kindly  invited  us  to  take  tea  at  his 
delightful  home  in  Germantown.  One  of  the 
drivers  stupidly  supposed  that  we  wished  to 
take  the  shortest  cut  there  and  led  seven  or 
eight  coaches  out  of  their  way.  Had  it  not 
been  for  the  guidance  of  a  member  on  a  bicycle 
who  discovered  the  mistake,  a  number  of  our 
party  would  have  missed  the  prettiest  parts  of 
the  Wissahickon  drive.  The  whole  caravan 
was  soon  drawn  up  before  the  Indian  Rock 
Hotel,  viewing  the  Indian  but  failing  to  see  the 
rock.  They  were  not  together  long,  however, 
for  again,  owing  to  the  stupidity  of  the  driver, 
or  perhaps  the  slowness  of  the  horses  this  time, 
two  portions  of  the  party  were  lost  in  entirely 
different  directions.  One  took  a  long  circuit 
through  Mt.  Airy  and  Chestnut  Hill.  To  tell 
where  the  other  portion  wandered  will  be  im- 
possible, for  they  did  not  know  themselves. 
Meantime  the  leaders  of  the  van  went  on  the 
right  road,  stopped  at  Wissahickon  Inn  by  the 
way,  and  reached  Mr.  Strawbridge's  residence 
in  due  season.  Finally  the  two  lost  parties  found 


176 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


each  other  and  reached  Mr.  Strawbridge's  some 
time  after  the  others  arrived  and  too  late  to 
grace  the  picture  for  the  frontispiece  of  the 
Library  Journal.  An  appetizing  supper  was 
spread  on  the  lawn  in  the  most  delightful  and 
picturesque  manner.  The  members  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  put  the  finishing  touches  to  this  scene, 
a  few  glimpses  of  which  our  photographer  has 
saved  for  us.  A  stroll  was  made  through  the 
grounds,  and  a  visit  was  paid  to  the  spotless 
stables  where  not  a  wisp  of  hay  was  out  of 
place.  After  thanking  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Straw- 
bridge  for  their  hospitality  we  sought  our  car- 
riages for  the  homeward  journey,  the  highest 
seats  being  secured  first. 

A  circuit  of  West  Fairmount  Park  was  made 
on  the  way  home,  passing  through  picturesque 
Chamounix  and  around  Belmont  Mansion.  A 
pause  was  made  in  front  of  the  mansion  to  view 
the  park  and  city,  which  stretched  out  in  a  long 
vista  beneath  us.  The  coaches  wound  around 
Horticultural  Hall  and  Memorial  Hall,  that  all 
the  party  might  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  the 
gardens  there  laid  out. 

A  card  was  found  in  one  of  the  tally-hos  — 
we  will  not  say  whose  name  it  bore  lest  the 
owner  should  claim  it  —  with  this  inscription  on 

the  back  : 

"  Hip  Hoo  Ray 
Phil-a-del-phi-a ! 
Twenty-first  Annual 
A.  L.  A." 

Eight  o'clock  was  the  time  set  for  the  concert 
of  Wednesday  evening.  As  the  coaching  party 
did  not  break  up  until  that  hour,  no  one  reached 
the  Drexel  Institute  until  nine,  and  many  much 
later.  The  music  furnished  by  Mr.  Dickinson, 
Mr.  Moulton,  and  Mr.  Kroeger  was  most  en- 
joyable. A  reception,  with  dancing  in  the 
central  court,  followed.  These  dissipations 
proved  almost  too  much  for  one  day's  pleasure, 
and  the  festivities  of  the  evening  ceased  at  the 
early  hour  of  n. 

The  entire  program  of  Thursday  —  which 
should  have  extended  into  the  evening  —  was 
crowded  into  the  day,  so  that  the  dignified 
A.  L.  A.  might  indulge  in  a  trolley  ride  to  Wil- 
low Grove  Park.  Staid  and  sober  Chestnut 
street  witnessed  another  gay  scene  on  Thurs- 
day evening.  The  curbstone  on  either  side  of 
the  street  was  lined  with  librarians  patiently 
awaiting  the  arrival  of  the  cars.  A  shout  of  joy 
went  up  from  the  crowd  when  "  America,"  radi- 


ant within  and  without  with  red,  white,  and 
blue  lights,  turned  the  corner.  Three  other  cars 
followed  with  no  mark  of  distinction  but  the 
little  sign  "  Special  car."  "Monitor,"  all  decked 
in  white,  brought  up  the  rear.  It  was  a  jolly 
party  that  whirled  along  the  old  York  Road, 
causing  much  consternation  among  the  horses 
and  furnishing  much  amusement  to  the  picnic 
parties  that  were  on  the  return. 

A  rush  was  made  to  the  merry-go-round  on  our 
arrival  at  the  park.  The  "  shoot-the-chutes," 
the  biograph,  the  scenic  railway  soon  held  none 
but  librarians.  One  young  lady  asked  if  some 
one  would  not  please  go  in  the  biograph  first 
and  tell  her  if  the  pictures  were  proper  for  an 
A.  L.  A.  member  to  gaze  upon.  We  never 
heard  whether  that  young  lady  saw  the  bio- 
graph afterwards,  but  we  hope  she  did.  A 
small  but  select  few  preferred  the  music  of 
Damrosch  to  these  frivolities.  The  electrical 
fountain  assumed  all  sorts  of  fantastic  shapes 
and  variegated  colors  at  the  most  unexpected 
intervals.  Here  and  there  a  tree  appeared 
dotted  with  many-colored  lights,  giving  a  fairy- 
like  appearance  to  the  scene.  Everywhere  the 
librarians  found  something  new  to  enjoy  until 
the  arrival  of  our  cars,  which  came  all  too  soon. 
Nonsense  verses  and  college  songs  thoroughly 
enlivened  the  journey  home.  Of  jingles  like 
the  following,  one  car  seemed  to  have  a  never- 
ending  supply  : 

"  There  was  a  young  lady  named  Nell, 
Who  considered  herself  quite  a  belle, 
She  sat  on  the  sand 
And  squeezed  her  own  hand 
And  never  discovered  the  sell." 

Could  the  reading  public  but  see  that  impos- 
ing organization,  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion, on  an  occasion  like  this,  they  might  be  able 
to  realize  that  librarians  really  know  how  to 
throw  themselves  into  enjoyment  with  as  much 
freedom  and  abandon  as  boys  or  girls. 

Whenever  we  pass  the  Aldine  we  think  of 
that  too  short  happy  week  when  the  A.  L.  A. 
were  our  guests.  The  remembrance  of  those 
days,  and  the  lively  chats  we  held  with  libra- 
rians from  the  other  end  of  the  country,  make 
us  feel  that  Georgia  and  Louisiana,  Montana 
and  Colorado,  are  not  so  far  away  after  all, 
while  the  "Librarians"  corner  of  the  Library 
Journal,  and  the  "  Notes  by  the  way"  of  Public 
Libraries,  still  keep  us  in  touch  with  them  all. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  EXHIBIT. 


177 


CATALOG   OF    BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   EXHIBIT,   PHILADELPHIA, 

JUNE    21-25,    1897. 


A  SPECIAL  collection  of  rare  bindings,  il- 
luminated manuscripts,  and  other  biblio- 
graphical treasures  was  gathered  together  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Pennsylvania  Library  Club. 
The  exhibit  was  displayed  by  permission  of  the 
trustees  of  the  Drexel  Institute  in  the  spacious 
rooms  of  that  institution.  A  list  of  the  interest- 
ing rarities  thus  collected  by  the  officers  of  the 
library  club  is  given  below,  as  it  is  believed  that 
a  permanent  record  of  the  pieces  displayed  on 
that  occasion  will  be  of  general  interest. 

AMERICANA. 

From  the   Collection  of  the   Hon.    Samuel  W. 
Pennypacker. 

BARLOW,   JOEL.       The   Columbiad  :     a    poem. 
Philadelphia  :  Fry  &  Kammerer.     1807.    410. 
The  finest  specimen  of  American  bookmaking  up  to 
that  time. 

BIBLIA,  das  ist :  Die  Heilige  Schrift  Altes  und 
Neues  Testaments.  Germantown  :  Gedruckt 
bey  Christoph  Saur.  1743.  4to. 

The  first  Bible  printed  in  America  in  a  European 
language. 

BIBLE,  The  Holy,  containing  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments.  Philadelphia :  Printed  by  R. 
Aitken.  1782.  2  vols.,  I2mo. 

The  first  English  Bible  printed  in  America. 

BRAGHT,  T.  J.  van.  Der  Blutige  Schau-Platz, 
oder  Martyrer  Spiegel  der  Tauffs-Gesinnten. 
Ephrata  :  Drucks  und  Verlags  der  Brueder- 
schaft.  1748.  Folio. 

This  is  the  celebrated  Ephrata  Martyr  Book,  "the 
greatest  literary  production  of  America,"  and  the 
largest  book  issued  from  the  Ephrata  press. 

CATALOGUE  of  all  the  books  printed  in  the 
United  States  up  to  1804.  I2mo. 

A  very  rare  pamphlet.  Of  the  titles  here  given,  335 
were  published  at  Philadelphia,  313  at  Boston,  and  189 
at  New  York. 

Ein  CHRISTLICHES  Gesang-Buch.  Manuscript. 
1760.  Folio. 

The  hymn-book  of  the  Schwenkfelders  is  the  best 
specimen  of  their  manuscripts  known  to  those  familiar 
with  the  subject.  It  was  written  by  one  of  their  minis- 
ters, Hoffman,  between  1758  and  1760,  in  Pennsylvania, 
and  was  bound  there. 

Ein  GEISTLICHES  Magazien.  Germantown  : 
Gedruckt  bey  Christoph  Saur.  1764.  8vo. 

Nos.  i  to  50  of  the  earliest  American  religious  maga- 
zine, containing  the  earliest  American  essay  upon 
school  teaching. 

HYMN-Book  from  the  Ephrata  Cloister.  Man- 
uscript. 1745.  Folio. 

A  beautifully  written  and  illuminated  manuscript 
volume,  containing  the  music  to  the  "  Weyrauchs- 
HUgel,  infra.  One  of  the  latest  specimens  of  manu- 
script illumination. 


LAWS  of  the  Province  of  Pennsylvania.  Phila- 
delphia :  Printed  by  Andrew  Bradford.  1728. 
Folio. 

The  second  compilation  of  the  Laws  of  Pennsylvania. 
The  interest  of  this  book  is  enhanced  by  the  blank 
leaves  inserted  by  the  original  owner,  which  are  of 
paper  made  at  the  Rittenhouse  paper-mill  on  the  Wissa- 
hickon,  the  first  in  America. 

LINCOLN,  Abraham.  Ms.  fee-book  of  the  firm 
of  Lincoln  &  Herndon,  1847. 

MUHLENBERG,  Frederick  Augustus.  Original 
ms.  of  an  unpublished  book.  Folio. 

F.  A.  Muhlenberg  was  President  of  the  First  Con- 
gress of  the  U.  S. 

PAMPHLETS  on  Electricity.  Collection  of  four 
pamphlets  on  electricity.  8vo. 

This  is  Benjamin  Franklin's  own  collection,  and  the 
titles  are  indexed  on  the  fly-leaf  in  his  own  handwriting. 
The  pamphlets  are  filled  with  references  to  Franklin's 
discoveries,  and  one  of  the  pamphlets  was  presented  to 
him  by  the  author,  who  calls  him"  Father  of  electricity.'' 

PARADISISCHES  Wunder-Spiel.  Ephratae:  Sump- 
tibus  Societatis.  1754.  Folio. 

This  Paradisiacal  Wonder  Play  is  a  hymn-book  of 
the  Ephrata  cloister,  containing  726  hymns  of  a  very 
mystical  character,  of  which  441  were  written  by  Johann 
Conrad  Beissel  (1690-1768),  who  organized  the  sect  of 
Seventh-day  Baptists,  and  subsequently  the  semi-mo- 
nastic "  Order  of  the  Solitary,"  at  Ephrata,  about  twenty 
miles  from  Reading,  Pennsylvania.  The  text  begins 
on  the  reverse  of  the  title,  each  page  containing  usually 
six  lines  of  type,  every  two  lines  being  divided  by 
spaces  of  three  inches,  which  are  occupied  by  manu- 
script musical  notes  for  four  voices.  The  end  of  each 
musical  phrase  is  marked  by  more  or  less  elaborate 
penwork  in  two  or  three  colors,  amounting  sometimes 
to  an  illumination,  generally  in  the  shape  of  a  floral  de- 
sign. This  was  the  work  of  sisters  of  the  society 
specially  appointed  for  that  duty.  See  the  Weyravchs- 
ffUgel,  infrit. 

PASTORIUS,  Franz  Daniel.  Disputatio  inaugu- 
ralis  de  Rasura  Documentorum  —  pro  Licen- 
tia  Summos  in  utroque  jure  Honores  ac 
Privilegia  Doctoralia  more  Majorum  rite 
capessendi  d.  23,  Nov.  1676.  Altorffi.  8vo. 
Thesis  submitted  by  Pastorius,  the  founder  of  Ger- 
mantown, in  order  to  obtain  the  degree  of  "Juris 
Utrusque.Licentiatus."  This  is  the  only  copy  known 
to  exist. 

PLOCKHOY,  PIETER  CORNELISZ.  Kort  en  klaer 
ontwerp  dienende  tot  een  onderling  Accoort, 
om  den  arbeyd,  onrust  en  moeyelijckheyt, 
van  Alderley-hand-wercxs-luyden  te  verlich- 
ten  door  een  onderlinge  Compagnie  ofte 
Volck-planting  .  .  .  aen  de  Zuyt-revier  in 
Nieu-neder-land  op  te  rechten.  .  .  .  'tAms- 
terdam,  1662.  410,  8  leaves. 

"A  short  and  clear  project  of  a  mutual  agreement 
in  order  to  relieve  the  colony  to  be  founded  on  the 
South  River  in  New  Netherland."  The  only  copy  in 
this  country  of  this  very  rare  tract,  which  is  the  first 
book  written  by  a  colonist  on  the  Delaware.  Plock- 
hoy's  colony  was  destroyed  by  the  English  in  1664. 

WASHINGTON,  George.  Autograph  and  book- 
plate, on  Some  observations  on  the  Indian 
natives  of  this  continent,  Philadelphia,  1784, 
(with  other  pamphlets.) 


i78 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


WEYRAUCHS-HOGEL,  Zionitischer.  German- 
town  :  Gedruckt  bey  Christoph  Saur,  1739. 
i6mo. 

The  first  book  printed  in  German  type  in  America, 
and  the  first  book  from  Saur's  press.  It  is  the  largest 
and  most  important  collection  of  the  Ephrata  Cloister 
hymns,  and  is  dedicated  "  To  all  solitary  Turtle-doves 
cooing  in  the  wilderness,  as  a  spiritual  harp,  playing  in 
the  many  tunes  of  divine  visitation."  This  was  the 
author's  own  copy.  For  the  music  to  these  hymns  see 
Paradisisches  Wunder-Spiel,  tufrb. 

BINDINGS. 
Lent  by  Samuel  P.  Avery,  Esq.,  of  New  York. 

Dichtkundige  ALMANACH  voor  het  jaar  1781. 
Te  Amsterdam.  32mo. 

A  fine  example  of  needlework  binding  of  the  end  of 
the  i8th  century. 

Nieuwe  Nederlandsche  ALMANACH,  1795.  Ut- 
recht. 32mo. 

Full  silver  binding,  with  the  number  of  days  in  each 
month,  times  of  rising  and  setting  of  the  sun,  etc.,  en- 
graved on  the  sides,  and  a  dial  with  movable  hand  to 
show  the  day  of  the  month. 

Vita,  e  Miracoli  di  S.  ANTONIO  di  Padova.  Gen- 
ova,  1646.  I2mo. 

A  good  example  of  panelled  binding  on  solid  wooden 
boards. 

Speculum  beat!  BERNHARDI  Abbatis  de  hones- 
tate  vite.  [Probably  printed  by  Fust  & 
Schoeffer,  circa  1465.]  I2mo. 

The  binding  of  this  rare  tract  is  a  very  good  speci- 
men of  modern  blind-tooling,  by  Pagnant,  lull  brown 
crushed  morocco. 

BURTY,  Philippe.  Les  emaux  cloisonnes.  Par- 
is, 1868.  i2mo. 

Bound  by  Ch.  Meunier  in  full  brown  morocco,  in 
the  covers  of  which  have  been  inlaid  two  cloisonn^ 
medallions  by  the  author.  The  margins  and  blank 
leaves  are  decorated  with  many  original  water-colors 
by  Felix  Regamey. 

CHRONIQUES  franfoises  de  Jacques  Gondar. 
Paris,  n.  d.  [circa  1830.]  I2mo. 

A  charming  reprint  of  a  isth  century  ms.,  with  col- 
ored illustrations  in  imitation  of  the  manuscript  dec- 
orations of  the  time.  The  binding  is  stamped  velvet, 
"  romantique,"  of  the  same  date  as  the  book. 

CICERO.     Cato  Major.     Lutetiae,  1758.      32mo. 
Bound  by  Stikeman  &  Co.,  New  York.    A  beautiful 
specimen  of  American  mosaic  work  in  red  and  blue, 
with  white  vellum  double,  gilt  tooling  throughout. 

A  HELPE  vnto  Deuotion.    London,  1613.    i6mo. 
Full  calf  binding  of  the  time,  gauffred  edges. 

HUMPHREYS,  H.  N.  Sentiments  and  similes  of 
Shakespeare.  London,  1857.  8vo. 

A  curious  moulded  composition-binding,  first  made 
in  England  about  this  date. 

LA  FRESNAIE  Vavqvelin,  Les  Diverses  Poesies 
du  Sievr  de.  Caen,  1612. 

A  fine  example  of  this  edition.  Bound  by  Trautz- 
Bauzonnet  in  full  crushed  morocco,  blue,  with  red 
doubld,  gilt  tooling. 

LUCRETIUS.  De  rerum  natura.  Lugduni,  1546. 
i6mo. 

Inlaid  binding  of  the  period. 

LUTHER,  Martin.  Von  den  Jiiden  und  jren 
Liigen.  Wittemberg,  1543.  Etc.  Sm.  410. 

A  collection  of  tracts  by  Martin  Luther.  In  binding 
of  the  time,  with  solid  wooden  boards,  blind-tooling. 

Ms.  case,  metal,  for  prayer-books,  etc.,  Byzan- 
tine. 

4x3  inches.  With  repouss^  figures  of  St.  George 
and  another  Saint,  the  double-headed  eagle  of  the  em- 
pire with  globe  and  cross  above,  etc. 


MELISANDER,  Caspar.    Christliches  Beicht-  und 

Communion-Biichlein    Niirnberg,  1689.  I2mo. 

A  beautiful  example  of  German  needlework  binding 

of  the  end  of  the  i^th  century,  with  two  clasps  formed 

of  small  silver  crucifixes. 

M ELLIN  de  S.  Gelais.  Oevvres  Poetiqves.  A 
Lyon,  1574.  I2mo. 

Bound  by  Capd  in  full  red  crushed  morocco,  hand- 
tooling  in  gilt. 

MEMORANDUM-BOOK,  blank.     321110. 

Engraved  silver  perforated  binding,  with  miniature 
inserted  in  one  cover. 

Das  ganze  NEUE  TESTAMENT.  Zurich,  1752. 
I2mo. 

Silver  open-work  binding,  engraved,  with  clasps. 

Das  ganze  NEUE  TESTAMENT.  Zurich,  1778. 
i2mo. 

Another  silver  binding,  gilt,  with  clasps,  engraved 
and  repousse  work  throughout. 

POLZMANN,  Balthasar.  Compendium  vitae, 
miraculorum  S.  Leopardi,  sexti  Marchionis 
Austriae.  1591.  8vo. 

In  the  original  binding,  with  the  arms  of  the  Mar- 
graves of  Austria  on  one  cover  and  the  double-headed 
eagle  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire  on  the  other. 

The  Whole  Booke  of  PSALMES.  London,  1643. 
32mo. 

Embroidered  in  silk  and  gold  by  the  Nuns  of  Little 
Gidding,  so  well  known  to  all  students  of  King  Charles 
I.'s  reign.  The  Protestant  Nunnery  of  Little  Gidding 
was  founded  by  Mr.  Nicholas  Ferrar  ;  see  Shorthouse's 
"John  Inglesant."  This  is  an  uncommonly  fine  speci- 
men of  their  needlework. 

SAiNT-Pierre,  Bernardin  de.  Paul  et  Virginie. 
Paris,  1876.  I2mo. 

Bound  by  Marius  Michel  in  mosaic  of  three  colors, 
blue,  red,  and  yellow,  gilt  tooling,  with  double  of 
crushed  blue  levant. 

The  SEA  Book  :  a  nautical  repository.  London, 
[circa  1840.]  8vo. 

With  many  illustrations  by  Turner,  engraved  on 
steel.  A  most  curious  mosaic  binding  by  Bedford,  in 
long  narrow  strips  extending  from  cover  to  cover,  of 
about  eight  distinct  colors  or  shades,  elaborately 
hand-tooled  in  gilt. 

TENNYSON,  Alfred.  Poems.  London,  1833. 
I2mo. 

The  third  published  volume  of  Tennyson's  poems. 
In  a  beautiful  and  characteristic  binding  by  Cobden- 
Sanderson,  in  full  brown  crushed  levant,  gilt  tooling. 

TREMELLIUS,  Immanuel.  In  Hoseam  inter- 
pretatio.  Heidelberg,  1563.  i2mo. 

Tooled  binding  of  the  period,  with  the  arms  of 
Frederick,  Duke  Palatine. 

Catalogue  of  editions  of  WALTON  &  Cotton's 
Angler.  New  York :  The  Grolier  Club. 
1893.  I2mo. 

Bound  in  green  Japanese  shark-skin,  with  border  of 
the  skin  of  the  Florida  gar-pike,  with  a  very  hard  and 
highly-polished  surface  like  enamel.  Bound  by  Tiffany 
&  Co.,  New  York.  The  book-mark  has  a  jade-stone  fish 
for  pendant. 

WOHLRIECHENDES  Rozengartl.  Kempten,  1699. 
i6mo. 

A  silver  binding,  with  one  clasp,  by  Thellot,  of 
Augsburg. 

CRUIKSHANKIANA. 
from  the  Collection  of  the  Rittenhouse  Club. 

BOMBASTES  furioso  :  a  burlesque  tragic  opera, 
by  William  Barnes  Rhodes  ;  with  designs  by 
Cruikshank.  London,  1830.  i6mo. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  EXHIBIT. 


179 


The  BOTTLE,  in  eight  plates,  by  George  Cruik- 
shank.     London,  1847.     Folio. 
The  first  of  his  temperance  series. 

The    CAT'S   tail :  being   the   history  of   Childe 
Merlin.        By   the    Baroness   de    Katzleben. 
Edinburgh,  1831.     i6mo. 
Etchings  by  Cruikshank. 

The  COMIC  Almanac,  1835- 1853.  London.  6 
vols.  I2mo. 

Profusely  illustrated  by  Cruikshank. 

The  COMIC  Alphabet.     London,     n.  d. 
CRUIKSHANKIANA  :    an  assemblage  of  the  most 

celebrated   works    of     George     Cruikshank. 

London,     n.  d.     Folio. 

Caricatures  in  his  earlier,  Gillray  style. 

The  DRUNKARD'S  Children  :  a  sequel  to  The 
Bottle,  in  eight  plates.  London,  1848. 

EGAN,  Pierce.  Life  in  London.  London,  1822. 
8vo. 

With  many  colored  plates  "  drawn  and  engraved  by 
I.  R.  and  G.  Cruikshank." 

Sir  John  FALSTAFF  :  20  etchings. by  Cruikshank. 
London,  1857.  8vo. 

Der  FREISCHOTZ  Travestie  ;  with  12  etchings 
by  Cruikshank.  London,  1824.  8vo. 

GREENWICH  Hospital  :  a  series  of  naval 
sketches  descriptive  of  the  life  of  a  man-of- 
war's  man  ;  with  coloured  illustrations  by 
George  Cruikshank.  London,  1826.  410. 

GRIMM'S  Popular  Stories  ;  with  etchings  by 
Cruikshank.  London,  1823.  4to. 

GUY  Fawkes  :  19  etchings  by  Cruikshank. 

The  HoRSE-shoe  :  the  true  legend  of  St.  Dun- 
stan  and  the  Devil,  by  Edward  G.  Flight  ; 
with  drawings  by  Cruikshank.  London,  n.  d. 
i2mo. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  of  Time.  London,  1827.  Obi. 
folio, 

JERROLD,  Blanchard.  Life  of  George  Cruik- 
shank. New  York,  1882.  2  vols.  I2rno. 

The  LOVING  Ballad  of  Lord  Bateman.    London, 
1851.      With  etchings  by  Cruikshank. 
The  ballad  was  written  by  Charles  Dickens. 

The  MISER'S  Daughter,  by  Cruikshank.  Lon- 
don, 1842. 

A  series  of  19  etched  plates. 

MORNINGS  at  Bow  Street,  by  J.  Wright,  with  21 

illustrations  by  George  Cruikshank.    London, 

1838.     I2mo. 
ODDS  and   Ends  :    a  collection  of  Cruikshank's 

drawings.     15  plates,  folio,     n.  d. 
The  POLITICAL  house  that  Jack  built.     With  13 

cuts,     soth  ed.     London,  1820. 

A  political  satire  of  the  day  by  Cruikshank. 

George  Cruikshank's  OMNIBUS.  London,  1842. 
8vo. 

PETER  Schlemihl  :  from  the  German  of  Adal- 
bert von  Chamisso  by  Sir  John  Bowring  ; 
with  plates  by  Cruikshank.  London,  1861. 
I2mo. 

A  Pop-gun  fired  off  by  George  Cruikshank  in 
defence  of  the  British  Volunteers  of  1803. 
London,  n.  d.  8vo. 


PUNCH  and  Judy  ;  with  illustrations  drawn  and 
engraved  by  George  Cruikshank.  London, 
1828.  I2mo. 

The  QUEEN'S  Matrimonial  Ladder.  London, 
1820.  8vo. 

A  satire  on  the  trial  of  Queen  Caroline,  published 
on  her  side  and  against  the  King. 

REID,  George  Wm.  Descriptive  catalogue  of 
the  works  of  George  Cruikshank.  London, 
1871.  3  vols.,  4to. 

SCRAPS  and  Sketches   of   George  Cruikshank. 

London,  1827.     Obi.  folio. 
TOM  Thumb  :  a  burletta,  altered  from   Henry 

Fielding  by  Kane  O'Hara  ;  with  designs  by 

George  Cruikshank.     London,  1837.     i6mo. 
The  TOOTHACHE,  imagined  by  Horace  Mayhew 

and  realized  by  George  Cruikshank.    London, 

n.  d.     121110. 

GREEK  AND   LATIN   CLASSICS. 

From  the  Collection  of  Askhurst  Bowie,  dec'd,  now 
the  property  of  R.  H.  Bayard  Bowie,  Esq. 

./ELIANUS,  Claudius.  Variae  Historiae.  Romae, 
1545.  410. 

A  large-paper  copy  of  the  editio  princeps.  Accord- 
ing to  Dr.  Harwood,  "This  first  edition  contains  sev- 
eral Greek  authors  that  were  never  reprinted.  '  '  Harles 
calls  it  "A  rare  edition  and  not  to  be  despised." 

^ELIANUS  Tacticus.  De  militaribus  ordinibus 
instituendis  more  Graecorum.  Venetiis,  apud 
Spinellos,  1552.  Sm.  410. 

The  first  separate  edition,  although  printed  in  1532 
at  Paris  by  Vascosan  at  the  end  of  Thomas  Magister. 
This  1552  edition  is  much  the  better,  and  has  many 
curious  woodcuts. 


Socraticus.     Dialogi  tres.     Amstelo- 
dami,  1711. 

These  dialogues  "  are  not  genuine  remains."  Athe- 
nseus  in  the  Deipnosophists  (book  xiii..  c.  94)  gives 
.(Eschines  a  terribly  bad  character,  and  charges  that 
Xantippe,  after  the  death  of  Socrates,  gave  some  of  her 
husband's  writings  to  ^Eschines,  who  coolly  put  them 
forth  under  his  own  name. 

AESCHYLUS.  Tragoediae.  Paris  :  Henricus 
Stephanus.  1557.  4to. 

The  fourth  edition  of  jEschylus,  but  Dibdin  calls  it 
"An  excellent  and  beautiful  edition,  and  much  more 
valuable  than  any  of  the  preceding."  As  many  as 
1275  verses  of  the  "  Agamemnon  "  were  printed  for  the 
first  time  in  this  edition  from  a  manuscript. 

^Esorus.  Fabulae.  Basileae  :  Frobenius.  1518. 
Froben  was  a  learned  German  printer  and  warm 
personal  friend  of  Erasmus,  all  of  whose  works  he 
printed.  The  title-page  and  device  to  the  colophon 
are  designed  by  Holbein.  For  another  copy  of  these 
designs  see  "Agapetus,"  also  printed  by  Froben  in 
this  same  year,  1518. 

/Esopus.     Fabulae.     Parmae.     1547. 

This  copy  belonged  to  the  celebrated  Libri,  and  was 
sold  with  the  choicer  portion  of  his  library  in  London 
in  1859. 

^Esopus.  Fabulae  ;  with  reflections  by  M.  le 
Chevalier  Lestrange.  Amstelodami  :  Roger. 
1714. 

AGAPETUS,  St.  Letter  (in  Greek  and  Latin)  to 
the  Emperor  Justinian.  Basileae  :  Frobenius. 

1518. 

The  title-page  and  colophon  are  engraved  by  Hol- 
bein. See  the  same  designs  in  ./Esop.  1518.  This  is  a 
rare  book.  It  is  one  of  two  extant  letters  from  St. 
Agapetus  before  he  became  Pope  in  535  A.D.  He  re- 
fused to  acknowledge  the  orders  of  the  Anans. 


i8o 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


AGATHIAS.  Historia  Justiniani  Imperatoris  ; 
accesserunt  Agathiae  Epigrammata.  Lugdu- 
ni  Batavorum  :  Plantin.  1594. 

This  unfinished  history  contains  many  important 
facts  concerning  one  of  the  most  eventful  periods  of 
Roman  history.  This  copy  has  a  Latin  translation  and 
is  the  editio  princeps  in  Greek. 

APPIANUS.  Romanae  Historiae.  Paris  :  Carolus 
Stephanus.  1551.  Folio. 

Editio  princeps  in  Greek  ;  from  two  mss.  in  the  li- 
brary of  the  King  of  France.  "According  to  Che- 
villier,  C.  Stephens  published  but  two  works  in  the 
Greek  language  —  the  present  edition  of  Appian  and 
a  410  Greek  testament.  The  name  of  Charles  Stephens 
does  not  often  occur  in  bibliography,  and  those  who 
cherish  scarce  works  will  do  well  to  treasure  the  pro- 
ductions of  this  elegant  scholar  and  printer."  —  Dibdin, 
Gr.  and  Lat.  Class. 

APULEIUS.  Commentary  on  the  Metamorphoses 
or  Golden  Ass  of  Apuleius  of  Madaura.  De- 
venter  :  Richard  Paffraet.  1511. 

ARISTOPHANES.     Comcediae.    Florentiae  :  Junta. 


The  second  edition  of  Aristophanes,  but  the  first  to 
contain  Lysistrata.  and  Thetmo^koriazusee,  which 
were  omitted  in  the  editio  princeps  by  Aldus,  1498. 

ARISTOTELES.     Cyromancia.     Ulm,  1490. 

A  treatise  on  chiromancy,  or  divination  by  the  hand. 

ATHEN^US.    Deipnosophistae.    Venetiis:  Aldus. 
1514.     Folio. 

Editio  princeps.  A  beautiful  book  and  one  of  the 
scarcest  of  the  Aldine  classics,  although  with  many 
errors  and  imperfections  from  a  critical  point  of  view. 

BELLUM  et  excidium  Trojanum.  Lipsiae:  Mi- 
chael Rudiger.  1699. 

This  "war  and  destruction  of  Troy"  is  curiously 
illustrated,  as  may  be  seen  from  an  inspection  of  the 
plate  concerning  the  wooden  horse,  and  Sinon  the 
Greek  who  deluded  the  Trojans  into  drawing  the  horse 
into  the  city.  Cassandra,  whose  prophecies  were  dis- 
regarded, and  Priam  looking  on  her  as  a  mad  woman 
and  causing  her  to  be  locked  up  in  prison,  should  be 
considered. 

BCETHIUS.     De  Arithmetica.     Augsburg,  1488. 

Editio  princeps,  and  a  book  of  extreme  scarcity.  It 
is  generally  described  as  printed  at  Venice,  but  the 
colophon  explains  that  the  printing  was  by  Ratdolt, 
formerly  of  Venice  and  later  of  Augsburg.  Dibdin 
gives  the  date  as  1487. 

CATO,  Dionysius.  Moralissimus  Cato  cum  ele- 
gantissimo  commento.  Basileae,  1486. 

This  work  has  been  attributed  to  various  great 
authors,  Seneca,  Boethius,  etc.  It  is  quoted  by  Chaucer, 
was  translated  by  Caxton,  and  if  it  may  be  called  a 
"  classic  "  Franklin's  edition,  1735,  Englished  by  Logan, 
must  be  regarded  as  the  first  translation  of  a  classic 
which  was  both  made  and  printed  in  the  American 
Colonies. 

HORATIUS.  Opera  ;  cum  commentario  Landini. 
Venetiis,  1486. 

Landinus  was  a  learned  critic,  and  h  is  commentary  on 
Horace  is  highly  esteemed.  The  editio  princeps  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  printed  at  Milan  by  Zarotus  in  1740. 

JUSTINUS  Frontinus.  Des  Hochberiimptesten 
Geschicht  Schreybers  Justini.  Augsburg, 

1531- 

The  earliest  German  version  of  Justinus. 

JUVENALIS  et  Persius.  Satyrae.  Mediolani  : 
A.  Zarothus.  1474.  Folio. 

A  very  large  copy  of  this  extremely  rare  edition, 
with  ms.  notes,  and  bound  in  old  gilt  russia,  with  the 
Wodhull  arms  in  gold  on  the  side. 

NEPOS,  Cornelius.  De  vita  excellentium  im- 
peratorum.  Venetiis:  Nicolaus  Jenson.  1471. 
4to. 

Editio  princeps,  published  under  the  name  of  JEmili- 


us  Probus.    A  very  scarce  and  curious  edition,  accord- 
ing to  Dibdin. 

PETRONIUS  Arbiter.  Satyrici  fragmenta  quae 
extant.  Venetiis  :  Bernardinus  de  Vitalibus. 

1499- 

Very  rare,  but  not  the  first  edition,  although  former- 
ly supposed  to  be  so.  The  real  editio  princeps  is  at  the 
end  01  the  Panegyricus  of  Pliny  the  younger,  1476. 

PHALARIS,  Tyrant  of  Agrigentum.  Epistolae. 
Oxonii,  1695. 

These  Epistles  have  been  proved  spurious,  but  their 
publication  by  Boyle  led  to  a  literary  battle  royal, 
splendidly  described  in  Disraeli's  "  Quarrels  of  au- 
thors." Bentley  denied  their  authenticity,  and  had 
some  personal  feelings  besides,  although  Boyle  never 
himself  asserted  their  genuineness  and  repudiated 
Bentley's  denial  as  an  insult. 

PHALARIS.     Epistole.     [Parma,]  1471. 

The  Epistles  translated  into  Italian  by  B.  Fontio. 
A  rare  and  beautiful  copy,  with  rubricated  capitals. 

PINDARUS.  Olympia,  Pythia,  Nemea,  Isthmia; 
Callimachi  Hymni;  Dionysius  de  Situ  Orbis, 
etc.  Venetiis:  Aldus  Manutius.  1513. 

Edjtio  princeps.  The  preface  by  Aldus  is  very  in- 
teresting, giving  a  sketch  of  the  war  that  ravaged  Italy 
and  suspended  his  typographical  labors,  with  a  review 
of  what  he  had  already  done  and  a  sketch  of  his  proba- 
ble future  efforts.  He  says  he  had  already  exercised 
the  art  of  printing  twenty  years,  which  would  show 
that  he  began  about  1493.  The  pagination  of  this  book 
is  unusual,  being  on  right-hand  corners  of  the  verso 
pages. 

PLAUTUS.  Comici  classici  comediae  .  7  .  [Paris: 
printed  by  G.  Le  Rouge  for]  D.  Roce.  n.  d. 
2  vols.  in  I.  8vo. 

This  edition  is  "of  extraordinary  rarity."  Besides 
the  device  of  D.  Roce  each  volume  bears  the  red  fleur- 
de-lis  of  the  Giuntas.  It  is  the  rarest  of  the  Aldine  and 
Giunta  counterfeits,  and  is  not  mentioned  by  Renouard. 

PLAUTUS.  Comcediae.  Mediolani:  Uldericus 
Scinzenzeler.  1490. 

PLAUTUS.  The  "  Menaechmi  "  and  "  Bacchides  " 
translated  into  German.  Augsburg,  1518. 

PLINIUS  Caecilius  Secundus.  Epistolae.  Medi- 
olani: P.  de  Lavagna.  1478.  Folio. 

The  fourth  edition,  according  to  Dibdin,  and  one  of 
very  few  printed  in  the  isth  century. 

SALLUSTIUS.     Opera.     Venetiis  :  Aldus.     1521. 
The  second  and  best  of  the  Aldine  editions  of  Sal- 
lust.    This  copy  came  from  the  library  of  the  crusty 
satirical  poet  Du  Lorens  (1583-1655),  and  contains  his 
autograph.     He  was  renowned  for  his  reckless  extrav- 
agance,  fine  library,   collection  of  pictures,  satirical 
verses,  and  quarrels  with  his  wife,  for  whom,  on  her 
death,  he  composed  the  well-known  epitaph : 
"  Ci  git  ma  femme.    Ah  !  qu'elle  est  bien 
Pour  son  repos  et  pour  le  mien  !  " 

TERENTIUS.  Comcediae.  Venetiis  :  Lazarus 
Soardus.  1511. 

A  very  scarce  edition,  "A  book  which,"  Dr.  Askew 
says,  "  may  be  numbered  among  the  most  rare."  Be- 
sides the  comedies  of  Terence  it  contains  "  Viet.  Faus- 
tus  de  Comcedia ;  et  Benedict  Philologus  de  Terentii 
Comosdiis." 

GROLIER   CLUB   PUBLICATIONS. 
Lent  by  Carl  Edelheim,  Esq. 

BURY,  Richard  de.  Philobiblon.  3  vols.  New 
York:  The  Grolier  Club.  1889. 

CONTRIBUTIONS  to  English  bibliography:  Cata- 
logue of  original  and  early  editions  of  some 
of  the  poetical  and  prose  works  of  English 
writers  from  Langland  to  Wither.  Printed  at 
New  York  for  The  Grolier  Club.  1893. 


BIBLIO  GRAPHICAL  EXHIBIT. 


181 


CONWAY,  Moncure  Daniel.  Barons  of  the  Po- 
tomack  and  the  Rappahannock.  New  York: 
The  Grolier  Club.  1892. 

CURTIS,  George  William.  Washington  Irving: 
a  sketch-.  New  York:  The  Grolier  Club. 
1891. 

DECREE  of  the  Starre-Chamber  concerning  print- 
ing made  the  eleventh  day  of  July,  1637. 
Imprinted  at  London  by  Robert  Barker,  1637. 
Reprinted  by  The  Grolier  Club.  1884. 

A  DESCRIPTION  of  the  early  printed  books  owned 
by  The  Grolier  Club  ;  with  a  brief  account  of 
their  printers  and  the  history  of  typography 
in  the  fifteenth  century.  New  York:  The 
Grolier  Club.  1895. 

DONNE,  John.  Poems,  from  the  text  of  the 
edition  of  1633.  Revised  by  James  Russell 
Lowell,  with  introduction  and  notes  by  Charles 
Eliot  Norton. 

DURER,  Albert.  Chronological  catalogue  of 
the  engravings,  dry-points  and  etchings  of, 
as  exhibited  by  The  Grolier  Club.  New  York : 
The  Grolier  Club.  1897. 

IRVING,  Washington.  Knickerbocker's  History 
of  New  York.  Printed  for  The  Grolier  Club, 
New  York.  1886. 

MASON'S  Mechanical  Exercises  :  the  doctrine  of 
handy-works  applied  to  the  art  of  printing. 
2  vols.  New  York  :  The  Typothetae  of  the 
City  of  New  York.  1896. 

MILTON,  John.  Areopagitica  :  a  speech  of  Mr. 
John  Milton  for  the  liberty  of  unlicensed 
printing  to  the  Parliament  of  England  ;  with 
an  introduction  by  James  Russell  Lowell. 
New  York :  printed  by  The  Grolier  Club. 
1890. 

NEW  YORK.  Laws  and  Acts  of  the  General 
Assembly  for  their  Majesties'  Province  of 
New  York.  Printed  and  sold  by  William 
Bradford  at  New  York.  1694.  Reprinted 
for  The  Grolier  Club. 

READE,  Charles.  Peg  Woffington.  2  vols. 
Printed  for  The  Grolier  Club.  1887. 

RUBAIYAT  of  Omar  Khayyam,  the  astronomer- 
poet  of  Persia.  Printed  for  The  Grolier  Club. 

1885. 

KELMSCOTT   PRESS   ISSUES. 
Lent  by  Carl  Edelhtim,  Esq. 

CAXTON,  William.     The  History  of  Godfrey  of 

Boloyne  and  of  the  Conquest  of  Jerusalem. 

Kelmscott  Press.     April,  1893. 
CAXTON,   William.     The    History   of   Reynard 

the  Foxe.     Printed  at  the  Kelmscott  Press. 

December,  189*. 
CHAUCER.     Printed    at  the    Kelmscott    Press. 

1896. 

Bound  in  full  vellum,  blind-tooling,  at  the  Doves 

Bindery,  1897. 

The  FLOURE  and  the  Leaf,  and  the  Boke  of 
Cupide,  God  of  Love,  and  the  Cuckow  and 
the  Nightingale.  Printed  at  the  Kelmscott 
Press  by  William  Morris.  August,  1896. 


The  GOLDEN  Legend.     Kelmscott  Press. 

HERRICK,  Robert.  Poems  chosen  from  the 
works  of  ;  edited  by  F.  S.  Ellis  from  the  text 
of  the  edition  of  1648.  Printed  at  the  Kelm- 
scott Press.  November,  1895. 

KEATS,  John.  Poems.  Printed  at  the  Kelm- 
scott Press.  March,  1894. 

MEINHOLD,  William.  Sidonia  the  Sorceress  ; 
translated  by  Francesca  Speranza,  Lady 
Wilde.  Kelmscott  Press.  September,  1893. 

MORRIS,  William.  Child  Christopher  and  Goldi- 
ling  the  fair.  Kelmscott  Press. 

—  The  Defence  of  Guenevere,  and  other  poems. 
Kelmscott  Press.     April,  1892. 

—  A  Dream  of  John  Ball  and  A  King's  lesson. 
Printed  on  vellum  at  the  Kelmscott   Press. 
May,  1892. 

—  The  Earthly  Paradise.     Printed  at  the  Kelm- 
scott Press.     May,  1896. 

—  Life  and  death  of  Jason.     Kelmscott  Press. 
May,  1895. 

—  News  from  nowhere  ;  or,  an  epoch  of  rest. 
Printed  at  the  Kelmscott  Press  by  the  author. 
November,  1892. 

—  Poems  by  the  way.     Printed  at  the  Kelm- 
scott Press.     September,  1891. 

—  The  Story  of  the  glittering  plain  which  has 
also  been  called  the  Land  of  living  men  or 
the  Acre  of  the  undying.     Kelmscott  Press. 
January,  1894. 

—  The  Well  at  the   world's   end.      Kelmscott 
Press.     March,  1896. 

—  The  Wood  beyond  the  world.     Printed   at 
the  Kelmscott  Press.     May,  1894. 

The    RECUYELL  of    the    Historyes   of    Troye. 

Kelmscott  Press. 
ROSSETTI,  Dante  Gabriel.     Sonnets  and  lyrical 

poems.      Printed   at   the    Kelmscott    Press. 

February,  1894. 
SHELLEY,    Percy    Bysshe.       Poetical     works. 

Printed  at  the  Kelmscott  Press. 
SWINBURNE,    Algernon   Charles.      Atalanta   in 

Calydon  :  a  tragedy.    Kelmscott  Press.    May, 

1894. 

The  TALE  of  Beowulf.  Printed  at  the  Kelm- 
scott Press.  January,  1895. 

MEDICAL   INCUNABULA   AND    RARITIES. 

From  the  Collection  of  J.  Stockton  Hough,  M.D., 
Trenton,  New  Jersey. 

yEMlLius,    Macer.      De   Virtutibus   Herbarum. 

1477- 

BRUNSCHWIG.  Liber  pestilentialis  de  venenis 
epidemic.  Das  buch  der  vergift  der  pestiletz 
das  da  genat  ist  der  gemein  sterbent  der  Trll- 
sen  Blatren.  von  Jeronimo  bruswig.  Strass- 
burg,  1500. 

Small  folio,  with  23  woodcuts.    A  very  rare  book. 

CANDIDUS,  Petrus.  Degeniturahominis.  Rome 
[circa  1490]. 

One  of  the  first,  if  not  the  first,  work  of  the  Middle 
Ages  on  generation. 


I  82 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


CAULIAC.     Chirurgia.     1500. 

With  2ii  cuts  of  surgical  instruments  of  Albucasis. 
The  earliest  book  with  plates  on  surgical  instruments. 

CHAMFER,  Symphorien  of  Lyons.     1506. 

First  edition  of  the  first  medical  biography  and 
bibliography,  and  the  only  known  copy  in  this  country. 
Chatnper  was  author  of  125  treatises  on  medicine, 
chivalry,  and  history,  105  of  which  were  printed  1498- 
1534- 

The  GOUERNAYLE  of  Helthe;  reprinted  from 
Caxton's  edition  of  circa  1491,  by  William 
Blades.  London,  1858.  Sm.  8vo. 

Facsimile  reprint  of  the  first  English  medical  book. 

[GRAPHEUS,  or]  Grassis,  Benevenutus.  De 
oculis.  [Colophon:]  Sever[inus]  Ferrar[ien- 
sis]  F[eliciter]  Ffinitur]  [mcccclxx]  iiii. 

A  first  edition  of  the  first  independent  treatise  on 
the  eye.  An  extremely  rare  book,  much  sought  after 
by  collectors. 

GRUENPECK,  Josephus.     [Not  later  than  1497.] 

Mainly  copied  from  Sebastian  Brandt,  to  whom  a 
Eulogium  is  prefixed.  The  title-page  shows  a  cadaver 
with  pustular  eruption.  The  disease  is  described  from 
the  writer's  experience.  Gruenpeck  was  Secretary  to 
Maximilian  I.,  who  is  shown  in  attitude  of  intercession 
to  B.  V.  M. 

[H]ORTUS  Sanitatis  de  herbis  et  plantis.  [Circa 
1490.3 

The  first  edition;  one  of  several  undated  editions. 
This  is  one  of  the  two  great  picture-books  of  the  ijjth 
century,  containing  nearly  1000  woodcuts.  It  was  fre- 
quently reprinted  but  seldom  in  good  condition.  It 
contains  one  of  the  earliest  illustrations  of  the  human 
skeleton. 

ISAAC,  Judaeus.  De  particularibus  diaetis. 
Printed  by  Cerdonis  de  Windischgratz,  1487. 

An  exceedingly  rare  book,  the  first  edition  of  the 
first  book  printed  on  diet.  The  author  was  an  Egyptian 
Israelite,  an  eye-doctor,  who  lived  830-941  A.D. 

JUNG,  Ambrosius.     De  pestilentia.     Printed  by 

Johannes  Schonsperger,  1494. 
KAMIUTUS.     Regimen  contra  pestilentiam.    Sm. 

8vo.     n.p.  n.d. 

KETHAM,  Johannes  de.  Fasciculus  de  Medi- 
cina.  1508. 

This  is  a  collection  of  treatises  brought  together  by 
Ketham,  and  is  the  most  sought  after  of  any  medical 
work  of  the  isth  century.  The  only  known  copy  of 
the  first  edition  (1491)  is  in  the  Boston  Medical  Library, 
and  of  this  edition,  the  sixth,  but  one  other  copy  is 
known  to  exist,  in  the  Public  Library  of  Venice.  It  is 
the  first  book  with  anatomical  plates,  which  are  by 
Mantegna  or  one  of  his  pupils. 

MALDURUS,  Petrus  Ludovicus.  Vita  Sancti 
Rochi. 

St.  Roch,  who  lived  about  1300  A.D.,  is  the  patron 
saint  of  the  sick  in  hospitals  or  sufferers  from  the 
plague.  The  frontispiece  shows  St.  Roch  in  the  wilder- 
ness attended  by  the  angel  who  daily  dressed  his 
wounds,  and  met  by  his  dog  who  brought  him  every 
day  a  loaf  of  bread  from  the  city. 

NICOLAUS  Leonicensis.  De  epidemia,  etc. 
Venice  :  Aldus  Manutius.  1497. 

An  important  treatise,  and  one  of  a  number  of  medi- 
cal books  published  by  Aldus  in  1497. 

PEYLIGK,  Johannes.  Philosophia  Nat.  comp. 
et  decl.  Printed  by  M.  Letter,  Lipsiae,  1499. 
First  edition  of  the  first  book  published  with  ana- 
tomical plates  of  individual  organs  of  the  body.  A  very 
curious,  little  known,  and  most  rare  work.  There  is 
but  one  other  copy  known  in  this  country,  which  is  in 
the  Surgeon-General's  Library  at  Washington. 

QUESTIONES  naturales  antiquorum  philosopho- 
rum.  Colonia  :  impressum  per  Cornelium  de 
Zyrychzee.  n.  d. 


REISCH,  Gregorovius.  Margarita  philosophica. 
Printed  by  J.  Schottus.  Friburg,  1503. 

First  edition.  A  handbook  of  natural  and  moral 
philosophy  in  dialogue  form,  largely  illustrated.  The 
notes  of  music  are  among  the  earliest  of  musical  typog- 
raphy. 

SERENTS  Sammonicus.  Carmen  medicinae. 
[circa  1486.] 

The  only  extant  poem  of  this  voluminous  and  very 
early  writer.  In  it  is  found  the  first  mention  of  the 
amulet  charm  Abracadabra  as  a  remedy  against  inter- 
mittent fever.  From  the  Sunderland  library,  and  the 
only  copy  in  this  country. 

SIMON  Genuensis.  Synonyma.  Printed  by 
Zarptus  :  Milan,  1473. 

First  edition  of  the  first  medical  dictionary. 

RARE  VOLUMES. 
Lent  by  Clarence  H.  Clark,  Esq. 

BIBLE.  The  Books  of  Joshua,  Judges,  Samuel 
I.  and  II.,  together  with  commentary  of  Don 
Isaak  Ahravanel.  Printed  in  Hebrew  on 
parchment  at  Pesaro,  1521. 

BIVERO,  Juan  Salvador  de.  Phelippe  II.  and 
III.  Carta  executoria  de  hidalguia  a  pedi- 
mente  de  Juan  Salvador  de  Bivero :  (1593- 
1603).  Small  folio. 

Very  choice  ms.  charter  of  nobility,  on  vellum 
written  within  borders  of  gold.  It  contains  fifty-one 
sheets  of  vellum  and  has  twenty-seven  large  initial  let- 
ters, variously  illuminated,  with  four  full-page  illu- 
minations, besides  numerous. capital  letters. 

BLANC,  Le  Sieur.  Histoire  de  Baviere.  Paris  : 
Chez  la  Veuve  Mille  de  Beaujeu.  1680.  4 
vols.  I2mo. 

This  work  comes  from  the  Crecy  library.  Each 
volume  bears  the  Pompadour  arms  on  the  upper  and 
lower  covers.  The  curious  frontispiece  to  Vol.  I.  is 
the  Baptism  of  Theodore,  Prince  of  Bavaria,  by  St. 
Rupert. 

BREVIARVM  Antiqvvm.  An  illuminated  quarto 
manuscript  breviary,  written  in  the  15th 
century. 

Many  of  the  large  illuminated  capital  letters  are 
historiated,  and  include  figures  of  the  saints,  etc.  This 
manuscript  formerly  belonged  to  one  of  the  Popes,  but 
his  arms  have  been  defaced  on  the  covers. 

BURY,  Richard  de.  The  Philobiblon.  New 
York  :  The  Grolier  Club.  1889.  3  vols. 
Small  410. 

This  is  the  earliest  book  on  bibliography  by  an  Eng- 
lish writer,  the  first  printed  edition  of  which  was 
published  in  1473.  This  reprint  is  one  of  an  edition  of 
300  copies  only,  and  the  three  volumes  have  been 
bound  by  different  binders. 

Vol.  I.,  containing  the  original  Latin  text,  is  in 
whole  brown  levant  morocco,  blind-tooled  with  a  i6th 
century  pattern,  with  double  in  garnet  morocco  with 
gold  tooling  in  the  Grolier  style ;  bound  by  Marius 
Michel. 

Vol.  II.  contains  the  English  text  and  is  bound  in 
red  morocco,  with  the  arms  of  the  Grolier  Club ;  the 
doubl^  of  blue  morocco,  with  border  of  leaves  in  gold. 
The  binders  were  Lortic  freres. 

Vol.  III.,  containing  the  notes,  etc.,  is  in  whole 
brown  levant  morocco,  with  double  in  garnet  morocco, 
and  decorated  with  old  tools  found  at  the  palace  of 
San  Donate.  Bound  by  Gruel  and  Engelmann. 

CUNNINGHAM,  Peter.  The  story  of  Nell  Gwynn. 
New  York,  1883. 

At  page  122  is  inserted  an  original  autograph  of  Nell 
Gwynn;  not  more  than  ten  or  twelve  of  her  autographs 
are  known.  She  could  not  sign  her  name  in  full,  but 
was  content  with  "  E.  G."  It  is  attached  to  a  power  of 
attorney  granted  by  Ellinor  Gwyn  to  James  Frazier, 
duly  sealed  and  delivered  by  the  famous  beauty,  and 
dated  June  i,  1680. 


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  EXHIBIT. 


183 


DJBDIN,  Thomas  Frognall.  Reminiscences  of  a 
literary  life.  London,  1836.  2  vols.  in  3. 

This  is  a  large-paper  copy  of  the  first  edition,  of 
which  only  39  copies  were  printed  of  this  size.  It  has 
been  extra  illustrated,  and  is  opened  where  in  Vol.  III. 
there  has  been  inserted  an  original  ms.  covering  ten 
sides  of  letter-paper,  by  Robert  Southey,  describing  the 
genealogy  and  characteristics  of  those  family  pets, 
"The  Cats  of  Greta  Hall."  This  is  dated  Keswick, 
June  18,  1824,  and  is  written  to  his  daughter,  Edith 
May,  who  afterwards  married  the  Rev.  John  Wood 
Waiter,  who  published  them  in  the  appendix  to  his 
last  volume  of  "  Southey's  Life  and  Letters"  from  a 
rough  draft  found  by  Mr.  Waiter. 

DRYDEN,  John.  Fables.  London,  1797.  Folio. 
A  unique  volume,  being  the  only  copy  of  this  edi- 
tion printed  on  vellum.  It  it  illustrated  by  numerous 
engravings,  after  designs  by  Lady  Diana  Beauclerc, 
executed  by  Bartplozzi,  and  printed  on  satin,  of  which 
the  impressions  in  this  book  are  the  proofs.  It  was 
acquired  from  the  library  of  Prince  Gahtzin,  of  Russia. 

DUMAS,  Alexandre.  L'invitation  a  la  valse: 
com6die  en  un  acte  et  en  prose. 

Original  manuscript  of  Alex.  Dumas,  pere^  with 
autograph  letter  of  Alex.  Dumas,  fils. 

DURER,  Albert.     Passio  Christi.     1511. 

This  series  of  37  engravings,  first  published  in  book 
form  in  1511,  is  known  as  "The  Little  Passion,"  to 
distinguish  it  from  the  series  of  larger  size  on  the  same 
subject  called  the  "  Great  Passion.  All  the  plates  are 
signed  "A.  D."  and  four  are  dated,  two  1510  and  two 
1509.  This  set  of  the  prints,  which  is  unbound,  is  from 
two  editions,  but  mainly  from  that  of  1511,  the  most 
sought  after.  A  complete  set  is  of  rare  occurrence. 

FIRDAUSI,  Abu'l  Casim  Mansur.  Shah  Nameh. 
541  leaves.  Folio. 

A  fine  illuminated  Persian  manuscript  copy  of  the 
"  Book  of  Kinga,"  transcribed  in  four  columns  on  yel- 
low paper,  within  lines  of  gold.  It  is  a  history  of  Per- 
sia, composed  about  950  A.D.,  in  nearly  60,000  verses, 
and  was  thirty  years  in  composition.  At  page  HI  is  an 
illustration  of  the  game  of  polo.  The  poem  contains  a 
very  full  account  of  this  "  game  of  ball,"  which  seems 
to  have  had  a  very  early  adoption  in  Persia.  This  copy 
was  written  by  Alijan  Ibni  Haidar  Vili  of  Hurr  in 
A.M.  ion  (1603  A.D.).  It  is  considered  a  splendid  speci- 
men of  Persian  writing. 

GRAMMONT,  Comte  de.  Memoires  du  Comte  de 
Grammont  par  le  C.  Antoine  Hamilton.  Lon- 
don, 1794.  Extended  from  i  to  3  vols.  Folio. 
This  is  an  extra-illustrated  copy  of  these  memoirs. 
Only  five  copies  were  printed,  on  atlas-size  paper, 
two'of  which  have  been  destroyed  and  two  are  in  the 
British  Museum  and  Bodleian  libraries.  The  extra- 
illustrations  were  collected  by  Mr.  Richard  Bull,  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  to  whose  family  many  autograph 
letters  of  King  Charles  II.  were  bequeathed  by  "  a 
friend  and  descendant "  of  Mr.  Secretary  Morice,  the 
confidant  of  the  king.  There  are  two  holograph  let- 
ters of  Charles  II.  inserted,  one  (on  three  pages  of  small 
letter  paper)  dated  Bruxelles,  April  8,  1660,  which  is 
referred  to  in  Thurloe's  State  Papers,  vol.  7,  p.  858 : 
and  th  e  other,  a  celebrated  one  (on  five  pages  of  small 
letter  paper),  dated  Breda,  May  20,  1660,  written  by  the 
king  only  nine  days  before  the  Restoration.  Botn  are 
signed  "Charles  R."  and  detail  the  steps  to  be  taken 
by  General  Monk  and  others  to  help  forward  Charles' 
return  to  his  kingdom. 

Entry  of  HENRI  II.  of  France  into  the  city  of 
Rouen.  Rouen:  Robert  le  Hoy,  1551.  Small 
4to. 

This  curious  book  is  rarely  found  complete.  This 
copy  is  bound  by  Trautz-Bauzonnet  in  dark  blue  mo- 
rocco, with  doubl^  of  red  morocco,  panelled  borders, 
having  the  fleur-de-lis  at  each  corner  and  an  "  H  "  in 
the  centre  of  each  side  and  end  of  the  panelling. 

KORAN.     Illuminated  manuscript.     Folio. 

Copies  of  the  Koran  of  this  size  and  beauty  of  writ- 


ing are  almost  unknown,  except  in  the  large  mosques 
and  mausoleums.  This  is  one  of  two  copies  written 
about  the  year  1600  by  a  celebrated  calligraphist.  The 
Surahs,  or  chapters,  are  separated  by  decorated  inter- 
spaces. 

LIVRE  d'heures. 

A  quarto-sized  illuminated  manuscript,  written  in 
the  fourteenth  century. 

LIVRE  d'offices.     Paris,  1885.     8vo. 

A  beautiful  example  of  modern  inlaid  binding  by 
Zaehnsdorf. 

LONGFELLOW,  Henry  Wadsworth.  The  Birds 
of  Killingworth.  4to. 

This  book  was  designed  and  executed  in  water-col- 
ors by  Mrs.  H.  J.  [J.  Pauline]  Sunter,  of  Auburn,  N. 
Y.,  but  was  never  published.  The  illustrated  pages 
are  thirty-three  in  number. 

MALPIGHI,  Marcellus.  Opera.  London,  1687. 
2  vols.  in  i.  Folio. 

A  good  specimen  of  i7th  century  binding. 

NEW  Laws  of  the  Indies  for  the  good  treatment 
and  preservation  of  the  Indians  promulgated 
by  the  Emperor  Charles  the  fifth,  1542  -  1543. 
A  reprint  of  the  original  Spanish  edition, 
together  with  a  literal  translation  into  Eng- 
lish ;  to  which  is  prefixed  an  historical  intro- 
duction by  the  late  Henry  Stevens  of  Ver- 
mont and  F.  W.  Lucas.  London  :  The  Chis- 
wick  Press.  1893. 

PALISSOT,  Charles.  CEuvres  completes.  Paris, 
1788.  4  vols.  8vo. 

From  the  library  of  Marie-Antoinette,  at  the  Tuile- 
ries,  and  later  from  the  collection  of  M.  Eugene  Paillet. 
The  binding,  in  red  morocco,  bears  the  Queen's  arms 
on  each  cover  of  each  volume. 

PALUSTRE,  Leon.  La  renaissance  en  France. 
Paris,  1879- 85.  3  vols.  Folio. 

No.  37  of  forty  copies  on  China  paper.  Bound  by 
Marius  Michel  in  rich  red  morocco,  with  a  broad  panel 
of  light  brown  ;  the  whole  choicely  tooled.  It  has  an 
elaborate  centre  ornament,  in  which  the  letter  "  H  "  is 
twice  given,  the  same  letter  being  incorporated  in  the 
top  and  bottom  ends  of  the  brown  panel.  The  centre 
is  further  decorated  with  fleurs-de-lis  and  St.  George 
and  the  Dragon  pendant. 

PASSIO  Domini  Nostri.  U.  Graf.  Argentorati, 
1507.  Folio. 

Le  PASTISSIER,  Francois.  A  Amsterdam,  chez 
Louys  et  Daniel  Elzevier.  1655.  121110. 

This  is  the  "  King  of  the  Elzeviers"  and  nearly  the 
rarest  of  the  Elzevier  collection.  There  are  not  above 
thirty  volumes  known  to  exist.  The  binding  is  by 
Cuzin,  in  red  morocco,  with  double1  of  blue  morocco, 
with  elaborate  and  minute  tooled  decoration.  A  copy 
of  this  work  sold  in  Paris  at  auction  for  10,000  francs. 

PFINZING,  Melchior.  Tewrdanncks.  Augs- 
burg, 1519.  Folio. 

A  copy  of  the  second  edition,  acquired  from  the  li- 
brary of  the  Hon.  Frederick  North.  The  first  and  sec- 
ond editions  were  not,  as  generally  supposed,  printed 
from  the  same  types  and  plates.  The  variations  are 
very  numerous.  The  types  were  specially  made  for 
this  work  from  designs  executed  by  Albert  Dlirer,  ac- 
cording to  his  own  taste,  at  the  special  request  of  the 
Emperor  Maximilian.  They  imitate,  in  a  marvellous 
manner,  a  beautiful  German  writing. 

PONTANUS,  Joannes  Jovianus.    Opera.    Venice, 

1533-     2  vo's-     Svo. 

This  is  a  fine  Aldine,  bound  by  Cap£  in  olive-brown 
levant,  with  Grolier  ornaments.  It  is  printed  in  the 
italic  type  which  Aldus  invented  and  thought  so  highly 
of  that  many  volumes  were  printed  wholly  in  that 
character. 


1 84 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


PREVOST,  L'Abbe.  Histoire  de  Manon  Lescaut. 
Paris,  1797.  2  vols.  I2mo. 

A  beautiful  specimen  of  binding  by  Lortic  fits  in 
blue  crushed  levant,  with  doubliS  of  green  morocco. 

REDI,  Francesco.  Esperienze.  Florence,  1671. 
Small  folio. 

The  binding  is  Italian,  in  hogskin,  of  the  same 
period.  The  figures  of  persons,  in  Italian  costumes, 
shown  in  the  elaborate  vaulted  chamber  with  pillars 
and  a  tesselated  pavement,  are  done  in  various  colored 
inlaid  leathers,  polished  and  hand-tooled. 

RARITIES. 
Lent  by  Various  Owners. 

BRETT,  Edwin  J.  Pictorial  and  descriptive 
record  of  arms  and  armour.  London,  1894. 
Folio.  [The  Rittenhouse  Club.'} 

FERDINAND  III.  of  Germany.  Autograph  and 
seal  of  the  Emperor,  countersigned  by  his 
Minister  Questenberg  ;  a  relic  of  the  thirty 
years'  war.  [Julius  F.  Sachse,  Esq.] 

GASTON  d'Orleans,  brother  of  the  King  Louis. 
Autograph  on  parchment,  dated  1646.  [James 
G.  Sarnwell,  Esq.] 

GEORGE  III.  of  England.  Manuscript  letter  to 
the  Dey  of  Algiers,  showing  the  autograph 
"George  R."  [James  G.  Barn-well,  Esq.] 

Louis  XIII.,  King  of  France.  Signature  to  doc- 
ument on  parchment,  dated  1629,  "  Lettres 
d'honneur  pour  M.  de  Fienbot,  Secretaire  du 
Roi."  [James  G.  Barnwell,  Esq.] 

Louis  XIV.,  King  of  France.  Document  on 
parchment,  dated  1704,  with  autograph  sig- 
nature. [James  G.  Barn-well,  Esq.] 

[MAGNA  Charta.]  The  Excellent  Priviledge  of 
Liberty  and  Property.  [Philadelphia  :  print- 
ed by  William  Bradford,  1687.]  63  pp.  i6mo. 
[  The  Meeting  of  the  Friends  of  Suffering.] 

The  first  American  edition  of  Magna  Charta ;  with 
William  Penn's  Patent  and  his  "  Charter  of  Liberties." 
For  reprint  by  the  Philobiblon  Club  see  the  next  ex- 
hibit 

[MAGNA  Charta.]  The  Excellent  Priviledge  of 
Liberty  and  Property.  Philadelphia :  The 
Philobiblon  Club,  1897.  [The  Philobiblon 
Club.] 

A  reprint  of  the  preceding  exhibit.  The  first  publi- 
cation of  the  Philobiblon  Club,  of  which  only  150 
copies  were  printed,  five  being  on  vellum. 

MAZARIN  Bible.  One  leaf  of  this  renowned 
Bible,  on  vellum. 

Only  nineteen  copies  exist  of  this  edition  of  the  Bible 
on  paper,  and  seven  on  vellum. 

PAPAL  Indulgence.  Bull  of  100  days'  Indul- 
gence by  the  Cardinal  Patriarch  of  Aquilya, 
Papal  Nuncio,  dated  March,  1471,  in  the  first 
years  of  the  Pontificate  of  P.  P.  Sixtus  IV. 
[James  G.  Barn-well,  Esq.] 

PAPAL  Indulgence.  An  original  Indulgence, 
dated  Feb.  5,  1479,  issued  by  Sixtus  IV.,  for 
the  purpose  of  rebuilding  the  church  of  Marie 
de  Mont  Carmelo,  in  Nordlingen.  [Julius 
F.  Sachse,  Esq.] 

It  is  dated  February  5,  1479,  and  is  the  only  copy  of 
an  Indulgence  of  that  period  known  to  be  in  America. 

TAYLOR,  Bayard.  Original  Manuscript  of  Bay- 
ard Taylor's  translation  of  Faust.  [James 
Monaghan,  Esq.] 


THACKERAYIANA. 

Original  mss.   and  first  editions   of   Thackeray, 
Lent  by  Major  W.  H.  Lambert. 

The  ADVENTURES  of  Philip.  The  original  ms., 
with  pen-and-ink  drawings  and  water-colour 
sketches  by  Thackeray.  3  vols.  410. 

Bound  by  Riviere  &  Son.  The  first  time  this  ms.  has 
ever  been  on  exhibition. 

The  CORSAIR.  New  York  :  March,  1839,  to 
March,  1840.  410. 

In  the  number  for  Aug.  24,  1839,  >s  the  first  of  the 
"  Letters  from  London.  Pans,  etc.,"  dated  July  25, 
1839,  and  signed  "T.  T/'— some  of  Thackeray's  earliest 
printed  work. 

FLORE  et  Zephyre  :  ballet  mythologique,  par 
Theophile  Wagstaff.  London,  1836.  410. 

Consists  of  eight  lithographed  plates  by  Thackeray, 
without  letter-press. 

The  GUARDIAN.    London,  1795.    2  vols.    i2mo. 
With  many  marginal  pencil  sketches  and  notes  by 
Thackeray. 

HEROIC  adventures  of  M.  Boudin.     410. 

Twelve  original  drawings  by  Thackeray,  probably 
intended  for  a  burlesque  life  of  an  imaginary  hero  of 
the  French  Revolution  and  Empire,  but  never  pub- 
lished. See  Harper1  s  Magazine  for  February,  1891. 

LOVEL  the  widower.     London,  1861.     8vo. 

First  edition,  with  a  portion  of  the  original  ms.  in- 
serted. Bound  by  Riviere. 

The  NEWCOMES.     2  vols.     London,  1855.     8vo. 
First  edition,  with  the  original  wrappers,  and  with 
portions  of  the  ms.  inserted. 

The  History  of  PENDENNIS.  2  vols.  London, 
1850.  8vp. 

First  edition,  in  the  original  paper  wrappers,  and 
with  portions  of  the  ms.  inserted. 

REED,  William  B.  Haud  immemor:  a  few  per- 
sonal recollections  of  Mr.  Thackeray  in  Phila- 
delphia. Philadelphia,  1864.  8vo. 

With  original  letters  of  Thackeray  inserted. 
Original    SKETCH-BOOK    of    Thackeray's.      37 
leaves.     Oblong  410. 

Containing  the  celebrated  pen-and-ink  sketch  of 
Dickens  as  "  Captain  Bobadil." 

The  SNOB:  a  literary  and  scientific  journal  not 
conducted  by  "  Members  of  the  University." 
Cambridge,  1829.  i2mo. 

Only  eleven  numbers  were  issued,  each  consisting 
of  six  pages,  printed  on  paper  of  different  colors  — 
green,  pink,  and  yellow.  It  was  for  No.  4  of  this  periodi- 
cal that  Thackeray  wrote,  while  an  undergraduate  at 
Cambridge,  "  Timbuctoo  "  (a  burlesque  of  Tennyson's 
prize  poem),  the  earliest  known  writing  of  Thackeray's 
published  in  his  lifetime. 

The  GOWNSMAN,  formerly  called  The  Snob. 
Cambridge,  1830.  I2mo. 

Continuation  of  "The  Snob."  It  contains  several 
pieces  by  Thackeray,  and  was  probably  edited  by  him. 

The  VIRGINIANS.     2  vols.     London,  1859.     8vo. 
First  edition,  with  the  original  paper  wrappers,  and 
with  portions  of  the  ms.  inserted. 

The  YELLOWPLUSH  correspondence.  Philadel- 
phia, 1838.  I2mo. 

The  first  volume  of  Thackeray's  writings  published 
in  separate  form,  either  in  Europe  or  America.  It 
was  a  reprint  of  the  anonymous  articles  which  had 
just  appeared  in  Fraser's  Magazine,  and  appeared  two 
years  before  the  "  Sketch  Book "  was  published  in 
London. 

Portrait  of  THACKERAY:  original  autograph  and 
pen-and-ink  sketch  by  himself,  reading  his 
Lecture  on  the  Four  Georges.  [From  the  G. 
IV.  Childs  collection  in  the  Drexel  Institute.] 


FARR. 


185 


THE    AMERICAN   POST-CONFERENCE. 


BY   MARY   P.    FARR. 


TT  is  rather  amusing  to  read  the  program 
mapped  out  for  the  Delaware  Water  Gap 
trip,  and  to  then  recall  what  we  actually  did. 
In  the  first  place,  there  were  only  21  of  us  to- 
gether over  Sunday.  Monday  brought  three 
more  arrivals,  but  also  saw  the  departure  of 
others.  The  fact  that  there  were  so  few  made 
it  easier  for  us  to  become  well  acquainted  with 
one  another;  the  only  thing  to  be  regretted  was 
the  short  stay  of  so  many.  Scarcely  a  meal 
passed  that  -we  did  not  find  one  more  empty 
place,  and  by  Friday  there  were  only  nine  left. 
Four  frivolous  members  resolved  themselves 
into  what  they  called  "  the  sub-committee  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,"  and  assumed  the  duty  of  recording 
every  night  the  doings  of  the  day.  Should  this 
chronicle  drift  occasionally  into  nonsense,  we 
trust  that  it  will  be  understood  as  merely  a 
quotation  from  the  log-book. 

On  Saturday,  June  26,  strict  injunctions  were 
given  to  meet  at  Broad  street  station  in  time  for 
the  12. 01  train.  These  were  not  obeyed,  as 
the  wild  state  of  confusion  at  the  last  minute 
proved;  hasty  lunches  were  swallowed,  baggage 
was  frantically  checked,  and  such  scurrying 
and  scampering  for  the  train  can  easily  be  im- 
agined. Just  as  the  gates  were  closing  two  li- 
brarians dashed  madly  through,  dropping  their 
tickets  in  the  excitement,  while  it  is  unnecessary 
to  mention  the  one  who  appeared  upon  the  scene 
at  12. 01  with  a  trunk  and  bicycle,  demanding 
that  they  should  be  checked  at  once,  while  the 
baggage-master  calmly  informed  her  that  she 
must  wait  for  the  3.52. 

The  four  hours'  ride  seemed  nothing  to  that 
jolly  party  in  the  special  car.  No  time  was  lost 
when  the  Kittatinny  was  reached.  The  photog- 
raphers began  work  at  once,  taking  snap-shots 
of  every  nook  and  grotto.  An  exploring  party 
climbed  the  hill  to  the  Water  Gap  House  to  take 
in  the  view.  Coming  back  through  the  woods 
they  paused  to  rest  in  the  rustic  arbor  of  Lake 
Lenape,  but  the  appearance  of  a  toad  was  too 
much  for  the  nerves  of  one  of  the  party,  and 
they  quickly  vacated  that  cool  little  spot. 

The  itinerary  reads:  "dinner  and  a  social 
evening,  with  music  until  midnight,  will  pre- 
pare for  the  enjoyment  of  a  quiet  Sunday."  In 


reality  another  expedition  to  the  Water  Gap 
House  was  undertaken  in  the  dense  blackness 
of  the  night.  An  attempt  was  made  to  return 
by  the  route  of  the  afternoon.  Each  one  was 
sure  of  the  way,  and  as  many  different  routes 
were  taken  as  there  were  members  in  the  party. 
The  situation  became  exciting  when  the  objects 
in  the  path  and  the  path  itself  could  not  longer 
be  distinguished.  Had  it  not  been  for  the 
matches  of  a  bicycle  maiden  we  fear  a  number 
of  our  best  members  would  have  come  to  an 
untimely  end  in  the  abyss,  on  whose  brink  they 
found  themselves  when  the  light  was  produced. 
Happily  the  hotel  was  reached  without  serious 
accident.  The  entire  party  were  soon  gathered 
together  laughing  and  talking  over  their  ex- 
periences of  the  past  week. 

Be  it  herewith  recorded  that  the  dissipations 
on  this  trip  invariably  ceased  several  hours  be- 
fore midnight,  as  an  early  hour  for  retiring  had 
been  unanimously  voted. 

The  conference  was  broken  up  in  small 
groups  on  Sunday  morning.  Some  rowed 
down  the  river  to  the  Gap  itself,  and  sounded 
the  echo  all  along  the  mountain;  others  tried 
fresh- water  bathing;  still  others  ventured  on  a 
little  mountain-climbing.  According  to  the 
log-book,  they  would  have  gone  to  church,  but 
they  did  not  know  the  way  and  would  not  ask. 
Two  members  sped  off  on  their  wheels  and 
took  the  Cherry  Valley  circuit,  going  over  Fox 
Hill,  from  which  height  a  glorious  view  of  the 
valley  beneath  them  was  obtained.  The  town 
of  Stroudsburg  was  included  in  the  return  trip. 
A  camera  accompanied  them,  and  could  we  but 
exhibit  the  pictures  taken,  there  would  be  no 
need  to  describe  the  points  of  interest.  They 
paused  to  rest  by  a  little  creek,  over  whose 
stones  they  scrambled  and  refreshed  them- 
selves with  clear  water  drunk  from  leafy  cups. 

The  excursion  on  Sunday  afternoon  was  the 
only  one  in  which  all  took  part.  Four  carriages 
drove  us  round  the  Jersey  circuit.  The  road  lay 
over  the  Shawnee  hills,  and  at  every  turn  we 
caught  new  glimpses  of  the  Delaware  river  in  the 
valley  below  and  of  the  hills  on  the  Jersey  shore. 
Looking  back,  the  tops  of  Mount  Tammany  and 
Mount  Minsi  were  just  visible  above  Blockade 


1 86 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


mountain,  which  cuts  off  the  view  of  the  Gap 
from  the  north. 

At  Walker's  Ferry  we  had  the  novel  experi- 
ence of  crossing  in  an  old-fashioned  flat-bot- 
tomed scow,  which  held  but  one  carriage  at  a 
time.  We  left  our  carriages  and  crowded  on 
the  scow  for  the  first  trip,  with  the  exception  of 
the  photographer,  who  remained  on  shore  to 
snap  us  as  we  were  going  over.  On  the  grassy 
banks  of  the  Jersey  shore  we  amused  ourselves 
until  all  the  carriages  were  towed  across. 

The  road  in  Jersey  ran  through  dense  woods, 
where  only  the  sound  of  the  voices  and  the 
thud  of  the  horses'  hoofs  could  be  heard. 
Again  we  were  out  in  open  fields,  but  always 
high  above  the  river.  At  other  times  we  were 
driving  along  a  narrow  ridge  path,  with  a 
steep  precipice  on  one  side  and  the  high  wood- 
ed hills  towering  above  us  on  the  other.  The 
laurel  was  blooming  in  profusion  everywhere, 
and  it  was  not  long  before  every  one  was  laden 
with  huge  bunches  of  it.  Recrossing  the  river 
at  the  foot  of  Mount  Tammany,  where  all 
hands  turned  in  to  help  tow  across,  we  returned 
to  the  hotel  round  the  base  of  Mount  Minsi. 

"On  Monday  an  excursion  is  planned  for 
Dingham's  Ferry,"  the  program  says.  But  on 
Monday  it  is  needless  to  state  no  one  saw  Ding- 
ham's  Ferry.  A  bicycle  party  of  four  was  or- 
ganized to  visit  the  slate  quarries.  Owing  to 
the  rocky  and  sandy  condition  ofthe  roads,  and 
the  inadaptability  of  hired  wheels,  two  were  dis- 
couraged and  turned  back  to  find  some  tamer 
form  of  amusement.  The  other  more  advent- 
urous ones  pushed  on,  but  failed  to  find  the 
slate  quarries.  The  path  wound  around  the 
foot  of  Mount  Minsi  and  Mount  Tammany  reared 
its  rugged  head  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river.  This  imposing  scenery  was  entirely  lost 
on  the  cyclers,  for  every  effort  on  their  part  to 
look  elsewhere  than  in  the  straight  and  narrow 
path  was  promptly  discouraged  by  the  frantic 
actions  of  their  wheels.  One  of  them  turned  to 
view  the  south  side  of  Mount  Minsi  and  soon 
found  herself  in  an  ignominious  heap  in  the 
dust.  To  record  the  number  of  times  they  dis- 
mounted in  any  but  a  graceful  manner,  or 
plunged  headlong  in  the  bushes,  would  in  itself 
fill  a  volume  — 

"  Purring  of  the  rubber, 
Ringing  of  the  steel, 
Bless  me,  this  is  pleasant 
Riding  on  a  wheel ! " 


Through  the  village  of  Portland  they  went. 
They  climbed  to  the  heights  of  Mount  Bethel, 
from  whose  summit  they  surveyed  the  sur- 
rounding hills  and  vales,  and  regaled  them- 
selves with  ginger  ale  in  the  country  store  and 
post-office.  Unfortunately,  no  road  could  be 
found  around  the  other  side  of  the  mountain, 
and  they  were  obliged  to  take  the  same  sandy 
journey  home. 

A  carriage  drive  was  taken  in  the  afternoon 
through  the  Cherry  valley,  with  a  detour 
through  Stroudsburg.  A  bicycle  party  of  three 
visited  Buttermilk  Falls.  "  They  were  disap- 
pointed," the  log-book  says,  "in  finding  the 
Falls  only  plain  water."  Great  was  their  sor- 
row, however,  after  climbing  across  the  stones 
of  the  creek,  at  considerable  risk,  to  find  the 
Falls  shut  off  with  a  barbed-wire  fence.  To 
console  themselves  they  raided  a  wayside  candy 
shop  and  reappeared  with  a  dozen  lemon-sticks. 

A  mountain  climb  was  planned  for  Tuesday. 
Nine  started  bravely  from  the  hotel,  but  only 
five  reached  the  summit  of  Mount  Minsi.  The 
way  to  Lover's  Leap  was  smooth  enough,  and 
we  began  to  think  mountain-climbing  was  noth- 
ing after  all.  The  Promontory,  Prospect  Point, 
and  other  points  of  interest  were  rapidly  left 
in  the  rear.  Occasionally  we  stopped  to  rest 
and  regaled  ourselves  with  funny  stories. 
Weary  members  dropped  by  the  wayside  in  shady- 
nooks  to  await  the  return  of  the  others.  The 
heat  was  intense,  but  the  party  was  too  jolly  to 
give  much  thought  of  it.  The  views  at  every 
turn  repaid  us  for  all  the  heat  and  fatigue  we  en- 
d,ured.  As  we  mounted  higher  and  higher  the 
scene  became  ever  more  impressive.  The  hills 
lay  in  the  distance,  with  farm-houses  scattered 
here  and  there  upon  them;  villages  were  barely 
visible  in  the  valleys;  long  stretches  of  culti- 
vated fields  were  relieved  by  dense  woodlands, 
and  the  river  making  its  way  between  the 
mountains  added  to  the  grandeur  and  beauty  of 
the  view. 

As  we  neared  the  top  the  path  became  more 
rocky  and  almost  impassable,  but  the  five  kept 
boldly  on,  and  Eagle's  Nest,  the  highest  point, 
was  finally  reached.  Here  the  view  was  en- 
tirely different  from  any  we  had  seen  on  the 
other  side  of  the  mountain.  Looking  south 
through  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  long, 
flat  stretches  of  country  appeared,  with  the 
Delaware  river  clearly  marking  the  boundary 
line.  The  houses  were  mere  dots  upon  the 


FARR. 


187 


scene  from  the  distance  at  which  we  viewed 
them.  The  hills  up  which  we. had  laboriously 
pushed  our  wheels  the  day  before  appeared  as 
ant-hills  now.  We  spied  the  slate  quarries  sev- 
eral miles  distant  from  the  road  which  we  had 
taken.  The  descent  was  found  more  difficult 
than  the  climb  to  the  summit,  and  the  resting- 
places  became  more  frequent. 

Upon  the  return  to  the  hotel  the  little  steam- 
boat Kittatinny  was  chartered,  and  the  party 
sped  down  to  the  river  to  the  bath-houses.  A 
plunge  in  the  "stilly  deep"  refreshed  the 
weary  ones  and  sharpened  their  appetites  for 
dinner. 

The  A.  L.  A.  had  diminished  so  rapidly  that 
it  required  but  two  carriages  to  drive  us  over 
the  Jersey  circuit  on  Tuesday  afternoon.  We 
crossed  the  river  at  Dimmick's  Ferry  and  re- 
turned by  way  of  Walker's,  laden  with  rhodo- 
dendrons. A  drizzling  rain  set  in  before  the 
end  of  the  drive,  and  the  heavy  shower  which 
followed  in  the  evening  warned  us  that  A.  L.  A. 
conferences  cannot  be  all  sunshine  as  this  one 
had  been  heretofore.  Plans  were  made  for  a 
rainy  day  on  Wednesday,  but  were  thrown 
aside  when  Wednesday  dawned  clear  and  hotter 
than  ever. 

A  drive  was  taken  by  the  main  portion  of  the 
A.  L.  A.  to  Marshall's  Falls,  and  Bradlee  Falls 
were  also  visited  by  the  way.  A  second  moun- 
tain tramp  was  attempted  by  four.  Their  route 
lay  around  Lake  Lenape.  As  there  were  no 
toads  in  the  summer-house  they  were  able  to  rest 
there  without  fear  of  alarm.  Along  the  sylvan 
way  they  wandered  to  Caldeno  Falls,  striking 
off  in  the  wrong  path  frequently,  but  this  had 
become  a  feature  of  mountain-climbing  and 
needs  no  mention.  Likewise  the  gnats  which 
continually  beset  their  path  need  only  be  spoken 
of.  It  was  delightfully  refreshing  after  the  ex- 
ertion of  the  walk  to  stand  on  the  broad  mossy 
rocks  beneath  the  Falls  and  feel  the  spray- 
dashing  in  one's  face.  They  stopped  by  Diana's 
Bath,  that  little  pool  which  remains  so  calm  and 
serene  while  the  waters  dash  by  it  from  the 
Moss  Cataract  to  the  Falls  below.  Crossing  the 
mountain  to  Eureka  Glen  they  climbed  slowly 
down  the  rickety  stairway  leading  to  Childs' 
Arbor.  At  almost  every  landing  a  pause  was 
made  to  rest  and  gaze  upon  the  cooling  wa- 
ters as  they  splashed  over  the  moss-grown 
rocks.  The  dogs  which  had  accompanied  the 
mountain-climbers  plunged  in  at  once  and 


refreshed  themselves  while  the  unfortunate 
four  remained  as  hot  as  ever.  The  return 
home  was  made  by  the  picturesque  Moss  Ledge 
path.  The  danger  of  the  narrow  and  crumbling 
pathway  was  greatly  increased  by  the  dogs, 
who  insisted  upon  taking  the  inside  track  as 
they  rushed  backward  and  forward  in  their 
antics.  Up  and  down  the  path  wound  around 
the  side  of  the  mountain,  great  rocks  hanging 
high  overhead  in  many  places,  or  jutting  out 
in  huge  columns  or  forming  solid  walls;  here 
and  there  a  miniature  cave  opened  on  the  path- 
way, and  dense  foliage  was  everywhere,  Great 
bunches  of  maidenhair  were  carried  back  to  the 
hotel  as  mementos  of  the  occasion. 

The  morning  was  completed  with  a  row  down 
the  river  and  another  plunge,  which  had  now 
become  a  part  of  each  day's  program. 

Wednesday  afternoon  was  marked  by  the 
departure  of  one  of  the  most  important  mem- 
bers of  the  "sub-committee."  Owing  to  this 
sad  fact  no  great  project  was  on  foot.  The 
more  dignified  portion  of  the  A.  L.  A.  skirted 
up  and  down  the  river  in  the  steamboat  Kitta- 
tinny, but  the  doings  of  the  others  the  log-book 
can  best  relate. 

"  The  sub-committee  mounted  to  the  arbor 
of  the  Water  Gap  house,  where  they  held  a 
farewell  concert  tendered  to  the  late  departed 
member.  The  concert  was  a  great  success,  as 
it  was  accompanied  by  a  delightful  breeze  and 
view.  On  the  departure  of  the  aforesaid  mem- 
ber on  the  4.44  train,  the  three  remaining 
shed  many  bitter  tears  as  they  waved  their 
handkerchiefs  over  the  railing  of  the  Kitta- 
tinny. For  consolation  they  sojourned  to  the 
village  and  sallied  into  a  nondescript  establish- 
ment, whose  proprietor  claimed  to  be  a  purveyor 
of  ice-cream.  But  subsequent  investigation 
proved  that  there  was  neither  ice  nor  cream  in 
the  hideous  concoction,  though  he  assured  them 
he  had  used  at  least  two  flavors  in  its  prepara- 
tion. After  this  the  sub-committee  will  eat 
neither  vanilla  nor  chocolate.  A  few  slight 
purchases  wese  made  at  the  local  Wanamaker's 
and  the  party  returned  to  the  hotel,  to  enable 
one  to  get  a  snooze,  a  second  a  shave,  and  the 
third  a  ride  in  the  elevator." 

An  excursion  to  Bushkill  Falls  was  on  the  gen- 
eral program.  Only  two  members,  however, 
undertook  the  journey  to  these  falls,  which 
boast  of  being  the  largest  and  most  beautiful 
in  the  district.  They  started  out  early  Thurg- 


i88 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


day  morning  on  their  wheels,  with  the  intention 
of  visiting  only  Marshall's  Falls  and  returning 
in  time  to  drive  with  the  others  in  the  afternoon 
to  Wolf  Hollow.  On  leaving  Marshall's  Falls 
they  found  a  good  road  with  comparatively  few 
hills,  which  was  so  unusual  in  that  region  that 
they  kept  on  merely  for  the  pleasure  of  riding. 
The  village  of  Bushkill  was  reached  without 
any  effort.  Upon  inquiry  they  discovered  the 
Falls  to  be  two  miles  and  a  half  further  on,  and 
up  hill,  as  they  found  to  their  sorrow;  but  they 
were  not  to  be  discouraged.  They  began  to 
think  the  Falls  must  lie  somewhere  in  the 
clouds,  for  at  every  turn  a  new  hill  appeared 
and  riding  was  impossible.  Finally  the  spot 
was  reached,  and  the  sight  that  greeted  their 
eyes  well  repaid  them  for  pushing  their  wheels 
all  the  way.  That  mighty  volume  of  water  as 
it  plunged  over  the  steep  wall  of  rock,  and  the 
rainbow  hues  of  the  spray  as  it  dashed  out  be- 
neath, were  a  spectacle  well  worth  walking  or 
riding  any  number  of  miles  in  the  heat  and 
dust  to  see.  A  rustic  path  and  bridge  extended 
down  through  the  ravine,  crossing  and  recross- 
ing  the  creek.  The  weary  ones  did  not  venture 
farther  than  the  foot  of  the  Falls,  and  of  course 
were  afterwards  told  they  failed  to  see  the  pret- 
tiest part  of  the  scene. 

"They  came  down  those  hills  like  a  house 
afire,"  the  log-book  reads,  "  pigs,  chickens,  and 
cows  scattered  in  all  directions.  Peter's  House 
in  Bushkill  furnished  them  shelter  from  the 
burning  sun  and  a  luke-warm  dinner  of  mutton 
and  cherry  pie."  Great  was  their  amazement 
to  find,  in  the  course  of  conversation  with  the 
proprietor,  that  the  nearest  railway  station  was 
13  miles  away,  and  they  inwardly  prayed  that 
neither  rain  nor  accident  would  visit  them  until 
they  were  safely  within  the  pale  of  civilization. 
The  ride  home  was  merely  child's  play,  with 
the  exception  of  three  or  four  miles,  which  lay 
over  a  mountain  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of 
Buttermilk  Falls. 

Meantime  the  other  portion  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
were  amusing  themselves  with -risking  their 
lives  in  rowboats  with  inexperienced  oarsmen, 
or  on  the  Moss  Ledge  with  guides  who  took 
no  thought  of  the  treacherous  footing.  On  the 
non-arrival  of  the  two  who  had  started  for 
Marshall's  Falls,  great  anxiety  spread  through 
the  party.  Pictures  of  one  cycler  carrying  the 
mangled  remains  of  another,  or  of  the  two 
shouldering  the  pieces  of  a  shattered  wheel  or 


walking  with  punctured  tires,  loomed  up  in 
their  minds.  The  advisability  of  organizing  a 
searching  party  was  discussed,  but  this  idea  was 
abandoned,  and  with  these  cheerful  thoughts 
for  companions  a  slim  portion  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
drove  to  Wolf  Hollow  and  returned  laden  as 
usual  with  ferns,  laurel,  and  rhododendrons. 
They  found  the  cyclers  calmly  seated  on  the 
piazza,  utterly  regardless  of  the  trouble  they 
had  caused.  The  only  sympathy  the  worried 
ones  received  for  the  distress  and  anxiety  they 
had  suffered,  was  the  assurance  that  they  had 
missed  one  of  the  grandest  sights  in  the  whole 
vicinity  of  the  Gap. 

A  final  row  on  the  river  was  taken  at  sunset, 
and  the  echo  sent  back  the  merry  songs  and 
laughter. 

A  farewell  visit  was  tendered  to  Lake  Lenape, 
Caldeno  Falls,  and  the  Moss  Ledge  path  on 
Friday  morning.  This  journey  was  taken  for 
the  sole  purpose  of  displaying  the  beauties  of 
the  place  to  one  who  had  failed  to  visit  these 
spots,  but  who  loudly  protested  all  the  way 
against  undertaking  such  an  expedition  in  the 
burning  heat  of  the  day.  One  young  lady  who 
had  experienced  several  narrow  escapes  on  the 
Moss  Ledge  path  the  day  before  positively  re- 
fused to  venture  there  again,  and  preferred  to 
walk  home  by  the  dusty  road  instead.  When 
the  path  was  found  more  slippery  than  ever, 
and  the  gnats  flew  into  our  eyes,  we  began  to 
think  the  young  lady  in  the  road  the  wisest 
after  all,  and  we  wondered  if  it  were  any 
cooler  down  there.  A  rest  in  Lovers'  retreat 
was  gladly  welcomed;  an  occasional  "Oh, 
but  it  is  hot!"  constituted  the  entire  con- 
versation. The  steamboat  Kittatinny  for  the 
last  time  carried  us  down  for  our  refreshing 
bath. 

Six  members  reluctantly  took  their  departure 
on  the  4.44  train,  leaving  but  three  to  wave 
tender  adieux  over  the  railing  of  the  Kittatinny. 
Exciting  games  of  "old  maid"  and  "hearts" 
greatly  enlivened  the  journey  to  Philadelphia. 

It  was  unanimously  voted  by  the  six  members 
present  : 

That  a  post-conference  trip,  consisting  of  fly- 
ing trips  from  place  to  place,  cannot  be  as 
enjoyable  and  satisfactory  as  one  spent  in  some 
attractive  spot  where  the  members  have  time 
to  turn  around  and  become  acquainted  with 
one  another,  as  the  thorough  enjoyment  of  this 
post-conference  has  shown. 


ATTENDANCE  REGISTER. 


189 


ATTENDANCE    REGISTER. 

ABBREVIATIONS:   F.,  Free;  L.,  Library;  Ln.,  Librarian;  P.,  Public;  As.,  Assistant. 


Abbott,  G:  M.,  Treas.  and  As.  Ln.  Library  Co. 
of  Phila.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Adams,  Emma  L.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Adler,  Cyrus,  Ln.  Smithsonian  Institution, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Ahern,  Mary  E. ,  Editor  Public  Libraries,  Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Aldrich,  Elizabeth  W.,  Winnetka,  111. 

Allen,  Letitia  S.,  Ln.  F.  L.,  Attleboro,  Mass. 

Allen,  Mary  S. ,  Ln.  Friends' L., Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Almy,  Ida  B.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ames,  Anne  S.,  N.  Y.  State  Library  School,  Al- 
bany, N.  Y. 

Anderson,  Edwin  H.,  Ln.  Carnegie  L.,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Andrews,  Clement  W.,  Ln.  John  Crerar  L., 
Chicago,  111. 

Andrews,  Elizabeth  P.,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Angell,  Eleanor  A.,  Montclair,  N.  J. 

Ashhurst,  John  (3d),  Ln.  West  Phila.  Branch 
F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Austin,  Willard,  Ref.  Ln.  Cornell  Univ.,  Itha- 
ca, N.  Y. 

Avery,  Myrtilla,  Director's  As.  P.  L.  Division, 
University  of  the  State  of  New  York,  Al- 
bany, N.Y. 

Kailey,  May,  Munhall,  Pa.,  Library  student 
Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Baker,  G:  H.,  Ln.  Columbia  University,  New 
York  City. 

Barber,  Mrs.  Margaret  C. ,  Ln.  Union  Library, 
Trenton,  N.  J. 

Barnes,  Elizabeth  L.,  As.  Carnegie  Library, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

Barnett,  Claribel  R.,  Cataloger  Department  of 
Agriculture  Library,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Barnutn,  T.  R.,  Ln.  University  of  Vermont, 
Burlington,  Vt. 

Barnwell,  James  G.,  Ln.  Library  Co.  of  Phila., 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Beardsley,  Arthur,  Ln.  Friends'  Historical  Li- 
brary, Swarthmore,  Pa. 

Bechtel,  Mary  E. ,  Germantown,  Pa.,  Library 
student  Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Berry,  Silas  H.,  Ln.  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 


Bid  well,  Clara  L.,  As.  Ln.   P.  L.,  Somerville, 

Mass. 
Bigelow,   F.    B.,   Ln.   N.   Y.   Society   Library, 

New  York  City. 
Billings,  Dr.  J:  S.,  Director  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  New 

York  City. 

Bishop,  W:  W.,  As.  Ln.  Garrett  Biblical  Insti- 
tute, Evanston,  111. 
Blanchard,    Caroline    A.,    Ln.    Tufts   Library, 

Weymouth,  Mass. 

Blandy,  Julia  W.,  New  York  City,  Library  stu- 
dent Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Bliss,    Robert    P.,  Ln.   Bucknell  L.   of  Crozer 

Theological  Seminary,  Chester,  Pa. 
Blodget,  Lorin,  jr.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Boardman,  Alice,  As.  Ln.  State  L.,  Columbus, 

Ohio. 
Bradley,  Helen  M.,   Ln.  State  College,  Centre 

Co.,  Pa. 
Bradley,  I:  S.,  Ln.  State  Historical  Society  of 

Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 
Bradley,  Mrs.  1:  S.,  Madison,  Wis. 
Brett,  W:  H.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Brinkmann,  Edith,   Chief  Dept.  of  Circulation 

F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Brobst,  S:  J.,  Trustee  L.  Fund,  Allentown,  Pa. 
Brown,    Arthur   N.,    Professor    U.    S.    Naval 

Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 
Brownback,  Reba  E.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Browne,    Nina    E.,    Ln.    Library    Bureau,    As. 

Sec'y  A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section,  Boston, 

Mass. 
Browning,   Eliza  G.,   Ln.   P.  L.,  Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
Burdick,  Esther  E.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Jersey  City, 

N.  J. 
Burnite,'  Caroline,  Ln.  Jacob  Tome   Institute, 

Port  Deposit,  Md. 
Burns,  Wylie  C.,  Literary  editor  W.  A.  Wilde 

Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Burtch,  Almon,  Library  Dept.  A.  C.  McClurg  & 

Co.,  Chicago,  111. 

Caffrey,  Miss  K.  K.,  As.  Apprentices'  L.,  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa. 
Campbell,  J:  H.,  jr.,  Deputy  Ln.  Wilson's  L., 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 


190 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Carr,  Henry  J.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

Carr,  Mrs.  Henry  J.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

Carroll,  Anna  B.,  Ln.  L.  Association  of  Friends, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cathcart,  W.  H.,  Burrows  Bros.  Co.,  Cleve- 
land, Ohio. 

Cattell,  Sarah  W.,  ex-Ln.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Chapell,  Cornelia  W.,  jr.,  Trustee  P.  L.,  New 
London,  Ct. 

Charlton,  Mary  R.,  As.  Ln.  Medical  L.  McGill 
Univ.,  Montreal,  Canada. 

Child,  W:  B.,  Ln.  Union  League  Club,  New 
York  City. 

Churchman,  Mrs.  F.  M.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Clarke,  Edith  E.,  Chief  Cataloger  Public  Docu- 
ments L. ,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Clarke,  Elizabeth  B. ,  As.  Mercantile  L. ,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Clayton,  Violet  M.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Clemens,  Elizabeth  V.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Clonney,  Mrs.  Josephine  W.,  Ln.  City  School 
L.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 

Coe,  Alice  J.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cole,  T.  L.,  Bookseller,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Collins,  V.  L.,  Ref.  Ln.  Princeton  Univ., 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

Cooper,  Louise  B.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cope,  Grace  E.,  Des  Moines,  la. 

Cope,  Jessie  E. ,  Des  Moines,  la. 

Cope,  Mrs.  Lana  H.,  Ln.  State  L.,  Des  Moines, 
la. 

Crandall,  F.  A.,  Supt.  Public  Documents  Dept., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Crew,  Florence  B.,  Cataloger  F.  L.,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

Cromarty,  Robert  R.,  Manager  Canada  Law 
Journal,  Toronto,  Canada. 

Crunden,  F:  M.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Cuspin,  M.  L.,  As.  Wagner  Institute  Branch 
F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cutler,  Mary  S.,  Vice-Director  N.  Y.  State  Li- 
brary School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Cutter,  W:  P.,  Ln.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Dana,  J:  C.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Denver,  Col. 

Davidson,  Herbert  E.,  Vice-Pres.  Library  Bu- 
reau, Boston,  Mass. 

Davie,  Eleanor  E. ,  Harper  &  Bros.,  New  York 
City. 

Decker,  Cora  M.,  As.  Ln.  P.  L.,   Scranton,  Pa. 

Dennis,  Carrie  C.,  Ln.  City  L.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 


Dewey,  Melvil,  Director  N.  Y.  State  Library, 

Albany,  N.  Y. 

Dill,  Minnie  A.,  As.  Ln.  P.  L.,  Decatur,  111. 
Dinmore,  Julia  C.,  As.  F.  L. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Dodge,  Virginia,  Ln.   F.  P.  L.,  Cedar  Rapids, 

la. 
Doerksen,  Anna  M.,  Chief  of  Delivery,  Enoch 

Pratt  F.  L.,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Dougherty,  Anna  R.,   As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Draper,  Miriam  S.,  As.  Ln.  Long  Island  Branch 

Pratt  Institute  F.  L.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Dudley,  C:  R.,  Ln.  City  L.,  Denver,  Col. 
Dyer,   Mary  C.,  As.   U.  S.   National  Museum, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Eames,  Wilberforce,  Ln.  Lenox  L.,  N.  Y.  P.  L., 

New  York  City. 
Eastman,  Linda  A.,  1st  As.  Ln.  P.  L.,  Cleveland, 

Ohio. 
Eastman,  W:  R.,  Inspector  Public  Libraries,  N. 

Y.  State  Library,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Edmands,  John,  Ln.  Mercantile  Library,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Eilbeck,  Florence  M.,  Germantown,  Pa.,  Libra- 
ry student  Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia, 

Pa. 
Elliott,  Julia  E.,   "Cumulative   Index,"  P.  L., 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Elmendorf,  H:  L.,  Supt.  P.  L.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Elmendorf,  Mrs.  H:  L.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Evans,  Alda  T.,  Malvern,  Pa. 
Evans,  Alice  G.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Decatur,  111. 
Fairchild,    Rev.    E.    M.,    Educational    Church 

Board,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Farr,  Mary  P.,  Ln.  Philadelphia  Normal  School, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Faxon,  F:  W. ,  Library  Dept.  Boston  Book  Co., 

Boston,  Mass. 
Fell,  Marion  D.,  As.  Philadelphia  City  Institute, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fell,  Mrs.  Mary  A.,  Ln.  Philadelphia  City  Insti- 
tute, Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fisher,  Susanne,  As.  P.  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Fletcher,  F.  Richmond,  Library  Bureau,  Boston, 

Mass. 
Fletcher,  W:  L,  Ln.  Amherst  College,  Amherst, 

Mass. 
Flint,  Weston,  ex-Ln.  Patent  Office,  Trustee  F. 

L.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Foster,  W:  E.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Providence,  R.  I. 
Gabel,  J:  C.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Galbreath,  C.  B.,  Ln.  State  Library,  Columbus, 

Ohio. 


ATTENDANCE  REGISTER. 


191 


Gallaher,  Kate  A.,  As.  Smithsonian  Institution, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Gates,  Herbert  W.,  Ln.  Hammond  Library  of 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  Chicago, 
111. 

Gay,  Helen  K.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Mount  Vernon,  N.  Y. 

Gibson,  Anne  L.,  Ln.  St.  Agnes  F.  L.,  New 
York  City. 

Gibson,  Irene,  Cataloger  Public  Documents  Li- 
brary, Washington,  D.  C. 

Glenn,  J:  M.,  Director  New  Mercantile  Library, 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Goding,  Sarah  E.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Goodison,  Alice  D.,  As.  Mercantile  Library, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Graffen,  Jean  E.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Green,  S:  S.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Worcester,  Mass. 

Griswold,  Alice  S.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hadley,  Anna,  Ln.  Ansonia  Library,  Ansonia, 
Ct. 

Hagar,  Sarah  C.,  Ln.  Fletcher  F.  L.,  Burlington, 
Vt. 

Hagginbotham,  May,  Library  student  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Haines,  Helen  E. ,  As.  Library  Journal,  New 
York  City. 

Hanson,  James  C.  M.,  Chief  cataloger,  Con- 
gressional Library,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Hanson,  Laura  E.,  Merion,  Pa.,  Library  stu- 
dent Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Harris,  G:  W.,  Ln.  Cornell  University,  Ithaca, 
N.  Y. 

Harris,  Isabella,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hartman,  Laura  M.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Hart  well,  Mary  A.,  Catalog  Clerk  Public  Docu- 
ments L. ,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Hasse,  Adelaide  R.,  As.  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  New  York 
City. 

Hastings,  C.  H.,  As.  Departmental  Libraries, 
Chicago  University,  Chicago,  111. 

Hawes,  Clara  S.,  Cataloger  Library  Co.  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Hawley,  Frances  B.,  As.  P.  L.,  Milwaukee, 
Wis. 

Hayes,  J:  S.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Somerville,  Mass. 

Hayes,  Rutherford  P.,  State  L.  Commissioner, 
Columbus,  O. 

Hazeltine,  Mary  E.,  Ln.  James  Prendergast  F. 
L.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 

Henderson,  Miss  L.  T.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y., 
Library  student  Drexel  Institute,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 


Henderson,  Maude  R.,  Cataloger  N.  Y.  P.  L., 
New  York  City. 

Hensel,  Martin,  Ln.  P.  School  L.,  Columbus,  O. 

Herzog,  Alfred  C.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Bayonne,  N.  J. 

Hess,  Mrs.  Frances  H.,  As.  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  New 
York  City. 

Heydrick,  Josephine  S.,  Ln.  Pequot  L.,  South- 
port,  Ct. 

Hillegas,  Irene  D.,  As.  F.  L.,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Hinsdale,  Leonora  J.,  As.  Cathedral  F.  Circu- 
lating L.,  New  York  City. 

Hoag,  F.  J.,  Trustee  P.  L.,  Toledo,  O. 

Hosmer,  James  K.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

Imhoff,  Ono  M.,  Lincoln,  Neb.,  N.  Y.  State  Li- 
brary School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Jackson,  Anna,  Ln.  George  School,  Newtown, 
Pa. 

James,  Hannah  P..  Ln.  Osterhout  F.  L.,  Wilkes- 
Barre,  Pa. 

James,  Miss  M.  S.  R.,  Library  Bureau,  London 
and  Boston. 

James,  W:  J.,  Ln.  Wesleyan  University,  Mid- 
dletown,  Ct. 

Jaquith,  A.  B.,  Woodstock,  Vt. 

Jaquith,  Mrs.  A.  B.,  Ln.  Norman  Williams  P. 
L.,  Woodstock,  Vt. 

Jones,  Gardner  M.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Salem,  Mass. 

Jones,  Olive,  Ln.  Ohio  State  University,  Co- 
lumbus, O. 

Jones,  Rilla  S.,  As.  Mercantile  L.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Kaighn,  Anna  M.,  Ln.  F.  L.,  Moorestown,  N.  J. 

Kates,  Clarence  S.,  ex-Ln.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Kelly,  H.  T.,  Chairman  P.  L.  Board,  Toronto, 
Canada. 

Kelso,  Alice  C.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Kelso,  Tessa  L.,  Model  Libraries,  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  New  York  City. 

Kieffer,  Prof.  J:  B.,  Ln.  Franklin  and  Marshall 
College,  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Kimball,  W.  C.,  Trustee  P.  L.,  Passaic,  N.  J. 

King,  Ellen,  As.  Germantown  Branch  F.  L., 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Kite,  Agnes  C.,  As.  West  Philadelphia  Branch 
F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Kite,  Anna  W.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

Kroeger,  Alice  B.,  Ln.  Drexel  Institute,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Lambert,  Cecelia  C.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Passaic,  N.  J. 

Lane,  Lucius  P.,  Boston,  N.  Y.  State  Library 
School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Lamed,  J.  N.,  ex-Ln.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


192 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Le  Crone,  Anna  L.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Champaign,  111. 

Lemcke,  Ernst,  Bookseller,  New  York  City. 

Lemcke,  Mrs.  Ernst,  Astoria,  L.  I. 

Lester,  Lizzie,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Lindsay,  Mary  B.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Evanston,  111. 

Lippincott,  Anna  H.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Loane,  Margaret,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Lockhead,  James  S.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

London,  Bessie  A.,  Cataloger  F.  L.,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Lord,  Isabel  E.,  As.  N.  Y.  State  L.,  Albany, 
N.  Y. 

Macbeth,  G:  A.,  Trustee  Carnegie  L.,  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

McBride,  Jennie  C.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

McKenna,  Sarah  H.,  Cataloger  F.  L.,  Philadel- 
phia. 

Martins,  Charlotte,  As.  Princeton  University  L., 
Princeton,  N.  J. 

Matlack,  Anna  M.,  As.  Mercantile  L.,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Maule,  John  C.,  Trustee  Apprentices' L.,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Middleton,  Jennie  Y.,  Ln.  Apprentices'  L., 
Philadelphia. 

Milsted,  Millie  J.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Montgomery,  T:  L.,  Ln.  Wagner  Institute, 
Trustee  F.  L. ,  Philadelphia. 

Moore,  Annie  C.,  Children's  Room,  Pratt  Insti- 
tute, Brooklyn,  N.  .Y. 

Morningstern,  W:  B.,  Reference  Ln.  F.  P.  L., 
Newark,  N.  J. 

Morrill,  Minnie  P.,  As.  P.  L.,  Dover,  N.  H. 

Morris,  Helen  R.,  Instructor  Drexel  Institute 
L.,  Philadelphia. 

Mumford,  Miss  St.  A.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Li- 
brary student  Drexel  Institute,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Mundy,  Ezekiel  W.,  Ln.  Central  L.,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y. 

Mundy,  Helen  H.,  Philadelphia. 

Murphy,  Almira  R.,  Ln.  Evening  Home  Branch 
F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Nagle,  Katharine  E.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Neisser,  Emma  R.,  Travelling  Libraries  F.  L., 
Philadelphia. 

Neisser,  Marian,  As.  Apprentices'  L.,  Phila- 
delphia. 

Nelson,  C:  A.,  Deputy  Ln.  Columbia  University 
L.,  New  York  City. 

Neville,  A.  Mae,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia. 

Nolan,  E:  J.,  Ln.  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
Philadelphia. 


Norris,  A.  E.,  Library  Bureau,  Chicago,  111. 

Norris,  G:  G.,  Library  Bureau,  Philadelphia. 

Norton,  Mrs.  Mary  C.,  As.  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  New 
York  City. 

O'Brien,  Margaret  A.,  As.  Ln.  P.  L.,  Omaha, 
Neb. 

Palen,  Ruth,  Cataloger  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Parsons,  F.  H.,  ex-Ln.,  Sec'y  L.  Association, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Patten,  Frank  C.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Helena,  Mont. 

Peckham,  G:  W.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Peoples,  W.  T.,  Ln.  Mercantile  L.,  New  York 
City. 

Petty,  Katharine  M.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Pinneo,  Dotha  S.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Norwalk,  Ct. 

Plummer,  Mary  W.,  Director  and  Ln.  Pratt 
Institute  F.  L.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Poesche,  Herman,  Library  Bureau,  Chicago, 
111. 

Pomeroy,  Edith  M.,  As.  Pratt  Institute,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. 

Power,  Effie  L.,  As.  Children's  Dept.  P.  L., 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Prescott,  Harriet  B.,  Cataloger  Columbia  Uni- 
versity L.,  New  York  City. 

Pusey,  Leora,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ranck,  S:  H.,  As.  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

Randall,  Susan  W.,  Library  student  Drexel  In- 
stitute, Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Rathbone,  Josephine  A.,  Instructor  in  Library 
School,  Pratt  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Read,  M.  Therese,  ex-Cataloger  Publishers' 
Weekly,  New  York  City. 

Reinick,  W:,  As.  to  the  Actuary,  Wagner  Insti- 
tute, Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Richardson,  Ernest  C.,  Ln.  Princeton  Univer- 
sity, Princeton,  N.  J. 

Richardson,  Mary  A.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  New  London, 
Ct. 

Ridgway,  Edith,  Chief  Cataloger  of  Branches  F. 
L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Rigling,  Alfred,  Ln.  Franklin  Institute,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Rogers,  Florence  S.,  New  London,  Ct.,  N.  Y. 
State  Library  School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Rowland,  Carrie  V.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Rupp,  G:  P.,  Ln.  Girard  College,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Sanders,  Mrs.  Minerva  A.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I. 


ATTENDANCE  REGISTER.  193 

Sartain,  Helen  M.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Temple,   Mabel,  Cataloger    Brown   University 

Sayers,  Anna  M.,  As.  F.  L.,  Wilmington,  Del.  L.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

See,   Cornelia  A.,   Ln.   F.   P.    L.,   New  Bruns-  Thomas,  Joseph  C.,  Ln.   Methodist  L.,  N.  Y. 

wick,  N.  J.  City. 

Seither,  Albert  B.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Thompson,  J:  B.,  Pres.  N.  J.  L.  Association, 
Sewall,  Willis  F.,  Ln.  Institute  F.  L.,  Wilming-  Trenton,  N.  J. 

ton,  Del.  Thompson,  J.  W.,  Trustee  P.  L.,  Evanston,  111. 

Shaffner,  Mary  H.,  As.  Ln.  Drexel   Institute,  Thomson,  John,  Ln.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  Thorn,  Annie,  Plainfield,  N.  J. 

Shandelle,  H:  J.,   Ln.   Georgetown  University,  Thurston,   Anna  L.,   Pittsburgh,   Pa.,   Library 

Washington,  D.  C.  student  Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Sharp,  Katharine   L.,    Director   State    Library  Tobitt,  Edith,   As.   Pratt   Institute,    Brooklyn, 

School,  University  of  Illinois,   Champaign,  N.  Y. 

111.  Trowbridge,  Elise  B.,  Astoria,  L.  I. 

Sheldon,   Helen  G.,  As.   Ln.   Drexel  Institute,  Tuttle,  Elizabeth,  As.  L.  I.    Historical  Society,. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Sickley,  J:  C.,  Ln.  City  L.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  Tyler,  Arthur  M.,  Ln.  Blackstone  P.  L.,  Bran- 
Smith,    Bessie   S.,   Wellesley,    Mass.,    N.    Y.  ford,  Ct. 

State  Library  School,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Underdown,   Mildred  A.,  As.   F.  L. ,  Philadel- 
Smith,  T.  Guilford,  Buffalo,    N.    Y.,  Regent  of  phia,  Pa. 

University  of  the  State  of  N.  Y.,  Albany,  Underbill,  Adelaide,  As.  Ln.  Vassar  College  L., 

N.  Y.  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. 

Snyder,  Helen  M.,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Underbill,  Caroline  M.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Utica,  N.  Y. 

Solberg,    Thorvald,    Register   of    Copyrights,  Upton,  Mary  H.,  Salem,  Mass.,  Library  student 

Washington,  D.  C.  Drexel  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Soule,  C:  C.,  Trustee  P.  L.,  Brookline,  Mass.  Utley,  H:  M.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Spencer,  Mrs.  Mary  C.,  Ln.  State  L.,  Lansing,  Utley,  Mrs    H:M.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Mich.  Vandervort,  C:  R.,  P.  L.  Board,  Peoria,  111. 

Stearns,  Miss  L.  E.,  Ln.  Wisconsin   F.  L.  Com-  Van    Hoevenberg,  Alma   R.,   Ln.   Washington 

mission,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Heights  L.,  New  York  City. 

Steiner,   Bernard  C.,   Ln.  Enoch   Pratt  F.  L.,  Van   Hcevenberg,  Elizabeth,  Ln.  Ferguson  L., 

Baltimore,  Md.  Stamford,  Ct. 

Stetson,  Willis  K.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,   New   Haven,  Van  Valkenburgh,  Agnes,  Cataloger  P.  L.,  Mil- 

Ct.  waukee,  Wis. 

Stevens,  W:  F.,  Ln.  Railroad  Branch  Y.  M.  C.  Wallace,  Anna  M.,  As.   Cathedral   F.  Circulat- 

A.,  N.  Y.  City.  ing  L.,  New  York  City. 

Stevenson,  W:  M.,  Ln.  Carnegie   F.  L.,  Alle-  Wallace,   Anne,  Ln.  Young  Men's  L.,  Atlanta, 

gheny,  Pa.  Ga. 

Stewart,   Rose  G.,  Cataloger  F.  L.,  Philadel-  Walton,  Charles,  with  Charles  Scribner's  Sons, 

phia,  Pa.  New  York  City. 

Stone,  W:  C.,  in  charge  of  Delivery  Dept.  City  Warner,  Mary  G.,  As.  Ln.  P.  L.,  Toledo,  O. 

L.,  Springfield,  Mass.  Warrington,  James,   Public  Accountant,  Phila- 
Stonelake,    Isola    P.,    Reference   Dept.   P.    L.,  delphia,  Pa. 

Newark,  N.  J.  Waterman,  Lucy  D.,  Gorham,  Me.,  N.  Y.  State 
Stuart,  W:  H.,  Leary,  Stuart  &  Co.,  Philadel-  Library  School,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

phia,  Pa.  Weitenkampf,   F.,  Chief  of  Shelf  Dept.   N.  Y. 
Sturges,  Julia  C.,  Circulating  Dept.  Pratt  Insti-  P.  L.,  New  York  City. 

tute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Weston,  Lydia,  Ln.  Burlington  L.,  Burlington, 
Swan,    Elizabeth    D.,  Ln.   Purdue    University,  N.  J. 

Lafayette,  Ind.  Wetzell,   Bertha,   Reference  Ln.   F.   L.,   Phila- 
Swayne,  Alice  W.,  Ln.   Bayard  Taylor  Memo-  delphia,  Pa. 

rial  L.,  Kennett  Square,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Whitall,  Mary  L.,  Ln.  Deptford  Institute,  Wood- 
Tatum,  Sarah  M.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  bury,  N.  J. 


194 


PHILADELPHIA    CONFERENCE. 


Willcox.  E.  S.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  Peoria,  111. 
Williams,  Lizzie  A.,  Ln.  P.  L.,   Maiden,  Mass. 
Wilson,  Minnie  C.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Wilson,     R:     E.,    Ln.    in    charge    Kensington 

Branch  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Wilson,  Ruth,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Winchester,  G:  F.,  Ln.  F.  P.  L.,  Paterson,  N.  J. 
Wing,  J.   N.,  Library  Dept.  Charles  Scribner's 

Sons,  New  York  City. 
Winser,   Beatrice,  As.   Ln.  F.  P.   L.,   Newark, 

N.J. 


Winser,  Nathalie,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Wire,  G:  E.,  M.D.,  ex-Medical  Ln.,  Evanston, 
111. 

Wolf,  Lillian,  As.  F.  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Woodruff,  Eleanor  B.,  Reference  Ln.  Pratt  In- 
stitute, Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Wright,  Purd  B.,  Ln.  P.  L.,  St.  Joseph, 
Mo. 

Wyer,  J.  O.,  jr.,  N.  Y.  State  Library  School, 
Albany,  N.  Y. 

Zimmerman,  Margaret  E. ,  Chicago,  111. 


ATTENDANCE  SUMMARIES. 

BY  ASSISTANT  RECORDER  NINA  E.  BROWNE,  LIBRARIAN  OF  LIBRARY  BUREAU,  BOSTON  ; 
ASSISTANT  SECRETARY,  A.  L.  A.  PUBLISHING  SECTION. 


BY   POSITION   AND   SEX. 


BY   STATES. 


Men.  Women.  Total. 

Trustees,  commissioners,  etc.  14  I 

Chief  librarians 64  53 

Assistants      19  95 

Library     Bureau,    booksell- 
ers, educators 18  6 

Library  schools 2  19 

Others 4  20 

121         194 

BY   GEOGRAPHICAL   SECTIONS. 

9  of  the  9  No.  Atlantic  states  sent 229     D.  C 

4      "       9  So.  Atlantic  states     "     

8      "8  Lake  states  "     

3      "       8  Mountain  states          "     6 

Canada  " 3 

Total 315 


Me  

i 

Ind  

15 

N.  H   

i 

Ill  

H7 

Vt  

A 

Mich  

H4 

Mass  

.      ...        2O 

Wis  

R     I  

•3 

Minn   .  .      .  .    .  .  .  . 

24 

Ct  

II 

la  

N.  Y 

62 

Mo  

24 

Penn  

.   ...  106 

Neb  

"U" 

N.  J  

21 

Mont      

3 

Del  

a 

Col  

Md  

6 

Canada  

22Q 

D.  C  

14 

2.1 

Ga  

I 

Total  

O.. 

4 
19 
3 
7 
i 

4 
3 
3 
t 

2 

3 


October,  '97]  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  195 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  DOIIIP0HY, 

(CHARLES  C.  SOULE,  President,) 

BEACON    STREET,  &  BOSTON,    MASS. 


Frcd^ricl<  W.  Faxon. 

j 


Specialty:  Periodical  Sets. 


7THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  does  not  make  a  practice  of  adver- 
tising sets  not  in  stock  on  the  chance  of  securing  orders,  but  it  actu- 
ally does  carry  a  larger  stock  of  periodicals  than  any  other  one  dealer.     More- 
over, conscientious  efforts  are  made  to  perfect  every  set  before  it  leaves  the 
house,  collators  being  kept  steadily  at  work  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sets  are 
not  simply  "guaranteed  "  perfect,  but  they  are  made  perfect  before  shipment. 
The   advantages   offered   by  THE    BOSTON    BOOK    COMPANY   are 

jCargest  Stock  of  Sets  to  Select  from, 
Siest  Worth  for  TTfoney  Sxpended .  .  . 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY  has  begun  the  publication  of  a 
BULLETIN  OF  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  of  which  the  third  number  is  now 
in  press.  This  journal  is  not  for  sale  but  is  sent  to  a  selected  list  of 
libraries.  Librarians  who  have  not  received  a  copy  are  requested  to  write 
us  for  one. 

ADDRESS 

THE  BOSTON  BOOK  COnPANY, 

BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


196  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  (October,  '97 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  ($<jencg  for  (American  £i6rarie0 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 

FOUNDED    IN    1866. 
(5JT  PPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 

^^lt 

Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  Boofes  jfounfr, 
Sets  dDaE»e 


of  ]£\>erg  Class. 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College. 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 
Member  American  Library  Association.          SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


October,  '97] 


H.    WELTER,    59  Rue  Bonaparte,  Paris. 

NEW    PUBLICATIONS: 


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xo   Francs. 


Revue  Internationale  des 
Bibliotheques,  i895=i896. 


One  Vol.,   8vo, 


Francs,  soc. 


Revue  Internationale  des 
flusees,   i895-i896. 

One  Vol.,   HVO,         -         7   Franca,  soc. 

The  above  three  volumes  are  separate  issues  of  the 
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the  publication  of  which  has  been  discontinued  by  me. 
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fianuel  de  Bibliotheconomie. 

By  Dr.  ARNIM  GRAESEL, 

Librarian-in-Chief  of  the  Berlin   University. 

Translated  into  French 

By  Dr.  JULES  LAUDE,  Bibliothe'caire  Uni- 
•versitaire. 

One  Vol.,  Small  8vo,  Clolli,  15  Francs. 

This  French  edition  has  been  thoroughly  revised  by  the 
author.  The  bibliographical  references  are  brought  down 
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translator  have  made  additions  and  improvements,  so  that 
the  volume  is  practically  a  new  work — a  French  origi- 
nal edition— which  will  be  found  valuable  even  by  those 
who  possess  the  German  edition  (Leipzig,  1890)  and  the 
Italian  translation  (Turin,  1893).  In  illustrations  the 
French  edition  is  much  richer  than  its  predecessors. 


BIBLIOQRAPHIE  DES  CHANSONS  DE  QESTE. 

By  LEON  GAUTIER,  Membre  de  Flnstitut, 
FORMING   THE  FIFTH  AND  CONCLUDING   VOLUME  OF 

Les  Epopees  Frangaises 

Etudes  sur  les  origines  et  1'histoire  de  la  litterature  nationale, 


(which  received  three  prizes  from  the  Paris  Academic.) 
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the  pr 

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Dictionnaire 


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IN     PREPARATION  : 

Petit   de    1'Ancienne    Langue 
IXe  au  XV  Siecle. 

By  FREDERIC  GODEFROY. 

The  publication  in  parts  of  this  edition  (which  will  contain  all  the  words  of  the  author's  unabridged  work,  with 
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i98  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {October,  '97 

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MARKS. 

Akademle,  Konlgl.  d.  Wissenscliaften 

In  Berlin  (1710-1891).  All  published.  Together 
141  vols.  bound  in  calf,  vellum  and  boards.  Com- 
plete set,  extremely  scarce 4000 

Auualeu  d.  Chemie  (u.  Pharmacie)  hrs?.  v.  L.ie- 
big.  Vols.  1-268;  8  suppls.,  a  gen.  index  for 
vols.  1-320.  Together  28 1  vols.  Heidelb.,  1832-92. 
Fine  copy,  uniformly  bound  in  141  vols.,  half  mor.  2600 

AuualeM  des  sciences  naturelles.  Series  I.,  II. 
compr.  Botany  and  Zoology,  series  1II.-VII. 
and  series  VIII.  vol.  i  compr.  only  the  zoolog. 
part.  144  vols.  Paris,  1824-93.  Half  bound 2000 

Annals  of  Botany.  Vols.  i-io.  Oxf.,  1887-96. 
(Publ.  at  4241-16.)  Swd.,  unc.,  Vol.  V.,  VI.,  hf. 
mor.,  top  gilt 380 

Arrlilv  f.  Anatomic,  Physiologic  u. 
\vlMHeiiHcliaftl.  It  I  e  die  In,  43  vols.  (1834-76), 
with  the  continuation:  Arclilv  fur  Aiiatomle 
u.  Phy»lologle  (1877-92).  Together  75  vols.. 
with  all  supplements.  Complete  series.  Half 
bound 1600 

Archlv  liir  Natnrgenchlchte.  Year  1-57 
and  58,  I.,  II.,  2,  3  (a  year  2  vols.).  Berl..  1835-92. 
(Publ  at  M 1678.)  Half  bound,  4  vols.,  swd.,  unc..  980 

A  relilvlo  Veneto.  With  general  index,  39  vols. 
With  the  continuation:  Nnovo  Arclllvlo.  vols. 
i-n.  Together  51  vols.  Venezia,  1871-96.  (Publ. 
at  frcs.  624.)  Half  cloth,  unc  ,  6  vols.,  swd.  Com- 
plete set 400 

Baronlii*,  Annales  ecclesiastici,  19  vols.  With 
the  continuation  of  Bayualdiid,  15  vols.  Ap- 
paratus annal.  eccles.,  i  vol.  Indices,  3  vols.  To- 
gether 38  vols.  Lucae,  1738-59.  Gr  folio,  vellum. 
Best  edition.  (Baronius  en  large •/<*/•) 600 

Ponte*  rerum  Austriacarum.  I.  session,  vols.  1-8 
and  II.  session,  vols.  1-47.  Together  55  vols. 
Wien,  1855-94.  Boards 300 


Forscliungen  z.  deutschen  Geschichte,  26  vols. 
With  general  index.  Gott.,  1862-86.  (Pub.  at 
M254.50.)  Half  cloth,  several  of  the  titles  slightly 
stamped 180 

Jahrbucli,  morphologisches.  Vols.  1-20  and 
Suppl.  Leipz.,  1875-93.  (Publ.  at  Mgay.)  Half 
bound 725 

Jaliresberlclit,  botanischer.  Year  1-20  (1873- 
92).  Berlin,  1874-94.  (Publ.  at  M843.)  I.-V. 
boards,  remainder  swd 500 

Perlz,  Monumenta  Gennaniae  historica.  Scrip- 
tor,  vols.  I.-XXIX.  et  XXX.  i.  Legea,  vols. 
I.-V.  Dlplomata,  vol.  I.  Together  36  vols. 
Hann.,  1826-96.  Folio,  half  roan,  uniform 4000 

Slebmacner, Wappenbuch.  New-edition.  Fasc. 
1-368  (as  far  as  published  till  April  in  1894). 
NUrnb.,  1854-94.  (Publ.  at  M207$.)  Bound  in  45 
vols.,  half  roan,  remainder  swd 1500 

Silvestre,  Pallographie  universelle.  4  vols. 
Paris,  1841.  Best  and  most  complete  edition, 
bound  in  4  vols  ,  half  mor.,  top  gilt 1200 

Sllventre,  Universal  paleography,  a  vols.,  8°, 
and  2  vols. ,  large  folio,  cloth ,  uncut 300 

Xeltachrlft,  htstorische  v.  Sybel.  Year  1-25 
(1859-83).  50  vols.  and  index  of  vols.  1-36  Munch. 
Vols.  1-22  bound,  remainder  swd 300 

Zeitscnrlft,  Jenaische  fur  Naturwissenschaften. 
Vols.  1-28,  with  all  suppl.  Leipz.,  1864-94.  Half 
bound ,  complete  set,  very  scarce 1080 

Zeltschrlft,  Numismatische  v.  Hnberu.  K«- 
rabacek.  Vols.  1-26.  Wien,  1869-94.  Half 
cloth  a.  &wd "5 

Zeltschrlft  fUr  d.  gesammte  Staatswissenschaft. 
47  vols.  TUb.,  1844-91.  Vols.  1-29,  half  cloth,  re- 
mainder swd 6°° 

ZeltBchrlft  fUr  wissenschaftl.  Zoologie.  Vols. 
1-58,  with  3  suppl.  and  3  indexes.  Leipz.,  1848-94. 
Vols.  1-56  uniformly  half  roan  remainder  swd 3200 


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beg  to  inform  Librarians  that  we  are  doing  rebinding  work  of  every 
description  for  public  libraries  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Our  flexible  sewing  insures  strength,  and  perfect  opening  of  old 
volumes.  Our  prices  are  low,  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  Libra- 
rians regarding  their  wants. 


204 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\October ;  '97 


Q.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS, 


NEW  YORK: 
27  and  29  West  23d  Street. 


LONDON: 
24  Bedford  Street,  Strand. 


LIBRARY    AGENTS. 

MESSRS.  PUTNAri  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
telligently and  to  the  best  advantage  of  their  customers. 

Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for 
American  books)  enables  them  to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  com- 
mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 


Adhesive  Parchment  Paper 


For  repairing  torn  leaves 
of  Books,  Magazines,  etc. 

Circular  for  the  unking . 


"  We  know  of  nothing  to 
equal  your  Adhesive  Parchment 
Paper." — WM.  MOST,  Librarian 
of  Normal  School,  Edinboro, 

"It  Doesn't  Curl.**     Pa- 


GAYLORD  BROS.,   •   Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


"that  if  you 
have  tried  in 


I  WISH  TO  REPEAT, 

vain  to  secure  a  missing  number  or  vol- 
ume of  a  magazine,  if  your  list  has  come 
back  repeatedly,  marked  '  O.  P.,'  'can't 
find,'  etc  ,  etc.,  then  the  time  has  arrived 
when  my  services  may  avail." 


A.  S.  CLARK,  Bookseller  and  Newsdealer, 

174  Fulton  Street,  New  York. 


BOOKS  WANTED. 


The  Boston  Book  Co.,  Freeman  Place  Chapel, 
Boston,  Mass. 

National  Magazine,  Jan.-June,  1858. 

Chicago,  Dial,  set  or  v.  3,  or  odd  nos.    Good  price. 

Cleveland  Public  Library,  Cleveland,  O. 
Poor's  Manual  of  Railroads,  from  1890  to  '97  incl. 

Free  Public  Library,  Ba.onne,  N.  J. 
Prime's  Pottery  and  Porcelain  of  All  Times  and  Nations. 

Lemcke  &  Buechner.  812  B'way,   N.  Y. 

Memoirs  of  General  Sherman,  2  v. 

Flagg,  Woods  and  Byways  of  New  England.    1872. 

Library  Co.  of  Ph  Ha.,  cor.  Locust  and  Juniper  8ts., 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Waters  of  Hercules.    N.  Y. ,  1885. 
Chaf-Book,  v.  i  and  a. 

Library,  State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 
Title  and  Index  te  vols.  i  and  2  of  Review  of  Reviews, 
American  ed. 

Q.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  27  W.  23d  St.,  N.  Y. 
Lanman,  Japanese  in  America. 
Olipbant,  Elgin's  Mission  to  China  and  Japan. 
Watts,  Japan  and  Japanese. 
Hamilton,  J.  A.,  Reminiscences. 
King,  French  Political  Leaders. 
Matthews,  Hundred  Years  of  Music  in  America. 
Wilkes,  Shakespeare  from  American  Point  of  View. 
Reed,  Lectures  on  English  History. 
Gould, Genius  of  J.  B.  Booth. 
Wilson,  J.,  Memoirs  by  Gordon. 
Griffin,  Mexico  of  To- Day. 
Belzoni,  Novels  in  Egypt- Nubia. 
I.enormant,  C.,  Manual  of  Ancient  History. 
Young,  Concise  History  of  Netherlands. 
Lossing,  The  Hudson. 
Moore,  Women  of  War. 


Q.  P.  Putnam's  Sons.—  Continued. 
Wylie,  Hospitals. 
Brown,  History  of  the  American  Stage. 

Charles  Scribner's  Sons,    157  5th   Ave.,  N.  Y. 
Reuter's  Seed-Time  and  Harvest.    Lippincott. 
Gisler,  Text-Book  of  Church  History. 
Perkins,  Raphael  and  Michelangelo.     Harper. 
Graham's  Message 

Hall,  American  Navigation.    Appleton,  1878. 
Hill,  Our  Merchant  Marine.    Appleton,  1878. 


BOOKS   FOR   SALE. 


A.  S.  Clark.  174  Fulton  St..  N.  Y. 

Magazine  of  American  History,  a  set  in  numbers,  clean, 
unused.    $75.00. 


SPECIAL    NOTICE. 


C  ALE  of  the  duplicates  belonging  to  the  Royal  Library 
°  Victor  Emanuel  of  Rome.  12,000  volumes.  The- 
ology, Philosophy,  History,  Sciences,  Literature,  Arts, 
Curiosities  and  Bibliographic  rarities.  The  sale  will 
take  place  in  Rome  at  the  Galleria  Saneiorgi  in  No- 
vember next.  By  sending  p.  o.  o.  of  3  francs  to  the 
Galleria  Sangiorgi,  Palazzo  Borghese,  Rome  (Italy), 
the  catalogue  will  be  forwarded  free.  Purchasers  of 
books  to  the  amount  of  not  less  than  to  francs  will  be  re- 
funded the  price  of  the  catalogue. 


flonthly  Cumulative  Index 
to  Periodicals. 

Indexes  subjects,  authors,  titles,  book  reviews 
and  portraits*     Specimen  copy  free. 

PUBLIC   LIBRARY,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


October,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


205 


Bibliographical  Publications. 

For  all  American  books  as  they  appear,  take  THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY ;  for  an  hour's 
glance  each  month  at  the  important  books  and  magazine  papers,  take  THE  LITERARY  NEWS; 
for  library  matters  take  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL;  for  magazine  articles  in  general,  consult 
THE  ANNUAL  LITERARY  INDEX  ;  for  books  in  print  or  issued  of  late  years,  see  the  AMERI- 
CAN and  ANNUAL  CATALOGUES. 


THE    PUBLISHERS'     WEEKLY.      Estab- 

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Contains  full  weekly  record  of  American  publications, 
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THE  LITERARY  NEWS.  An  Eclectic  Re- 
view of  Current  Literature.  Published  monthly,  and 
containing  the  freshest  news  concerning  books  and 
authors ;  lists  of  new  publications ;  reviews  and  critical 
comments ;  characteristic  extracts ;  sketches  and  anec- 
dotes of  authors ;  courses  of  reading  ;  bibliographical 
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of  authors,  and  illustrations  from  the  newest  books, 
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NAL.) Teachers  may  be  interested  in  the  "  School 
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THE  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  of  books  in 

print  and  for  sale  (including  reprints  and  importations) 
July  i,  1876.  Compiled  (under  the  direction  of  F. 
LBYPOLDT)  by  LYNDS  E.  JONES.  Subject-volume,  410, 
half  morocco,  $15.00.  [Autkor-and-title  volume  is 
out  of  print^\ 

THE    AMERICAN     CATALOGUE,     1876- 

1884.  Books  recorded  (including  reprints  and  impor- 
tations) July  i,  iSjfr-June  30,  1884.  Compiled,  under 
the  editorial  direction  of  R.  R.  BOWKER,  by  Miss  A.  I. 
APPLKTON.  410,  half  morocco.  [Out  of  'print. ,] 

AHERICAN  CATALOGUE,  i884-9o.  Com- 
piled, under  the  editorial  direction  of  R.  R.  BOWKER, 
by  Miss  A.  I.  APPLE-TON  and  others.  410,  half  leather, 
$15.00. 

AI1ERICAN  CATALOGUE,   1890-1895. 

4to,  half  morocco,  $15.00. 

THE  ANNUAL  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE. 

Being  the  full  titles,  with  descriptive  notes,  of  all  books 
recorded  in  THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY  during  the  cal- 
endar year,  with  author,  title  and  subject  index,  pub- 
lishers' annual  lists  and  directory  of  publishers.  Pub- 
lished annually  since  1886.  8vo,  net,  sheets,  $3.00;  half 
morocco,  $3.50. 


THE  ANNUAL  LITERARY  INDEX,  includ- 
ing Periodicals,  American  and  English  Essays,  Book- 
Chapters,  etc.,  Special  Bibliographies,  Necrology  of  Au- 
thors, and  Index  to  Dates  of  Principal  Events.  Edited 
by  W.  1.  FLETCHER  and  R.  R.  BOWKBR,  with  the  co- 
operation of  members  of  the  American  Library  Associa- 
tion and  of  the  Library  Journal  staff.  8°,  cloth,  $3.50. 

THE    PUBLISHERS'    TRADE    LIST    AN- 

NUAL.  Large  8vo,  with  "  Duplex  Index,"  net,  $2.00. 
Contains:  The  latest  CATALOGUES  or  AMERICAN  PUB- 
LISHERS, contributed  by  themselves  and  arranged  al- 
phabetically by  the  firm-names  and  smaller  lists  at  the 
end  of  the  volume.  These  Lists,  all  bound  in  one  vol- 
ume, present  in  their  combination  so  convenient  and 
time-saving  a  working-tool  as  to  make  it  indispensable 
to  every  one  who  has  any  interest  in  the  purchase  or 
sale  of  books. 

THE  AMERICAN  EDUCATIONAL  CATA- 
LOGUE includes  a  price-list  of  all  the  text-books  in 
use  in  the  United  States,  arranged  alphabeticaly  by 
author's  or  editor's  name,  and  a  detailed  subject- 
index,  referring  from  each  specific  subject  to  authors 
ot  books  on  that  subject,  tivo,  leatherette,  50  cts. 

THE  ENGLISH  CATALOGUE  [Annual]  con- 
taining a  complete  list  of  all  the  books  published  in 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland  in  the  calendar  year,  with  in- 
dex to  subjects.  A  continuation  of  the  London  and 
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&  Co.]  8vo,  paper,  net,  $1.50.  THE  ENGLISH  CATA- 
LOGUE and  THE  ANNUAL  AMERICAN  CATALOGUE  bound 
in  one  volume,  half  leather,  $5.00. 

HANDY  LIST  OF  AMERICAN  PUBLISH- 
ERS. The  street  address  is  given  in  nearly  every 
case,  and  the  abbreviation  under  which  the  firm's  books 
are  entered  in  the  "American  Catalogue,"  1890-95. 
410,  pap.,  $2.00. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  U.  S.  GOVERN/IENT 
PUBLICATIONS.  July  i,  1890,  to  June  30,  1895. 
Compiled,  under  the  editorial  direction  of  R.  R.  BOW- 
KER, by  J.  H.  HICKCOX.  60  pp.,  410,  pap.,  $1.50. 

THE    SUNDAY-SCHOOL    LIBRARY.      By 

Rev.  A.  E.  DUNNING.    i6mo,  cloth,  60  cts. 

CASPAR'S  DIRECTORY  of  the  Book.  News, 
and  Stationery  Trades,  Wholesale  and  Retail.  1450 
pp.,  8°,  hf.  bd.,  $8.00.  nit. 

THE  PROFESSION  OF  BOOKSELLING: 

a  handbook  of  practical  hints  for  the  apprentice  and 
bookseller.  By  A.  GROWOI.L,  managing  editor  of  TH« 
PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY  and  author  of  "  A  Bookseller's 
Library."  Pis.  i  and  a,  8°.  bds.,  each,  $2.00.  (Com- 
eluding  fart  in  preparation.) 


Address  the  OFFICE  OF  THE   PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY, 
P.  O.  Box  943.  59  Duane  Street,  New  York. 


2o6  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {October,  '97 

LONDON :  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG :  Hospital  Str.  10.        PARIS :  76  Rue  de  Rennes. 


QUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is  the  only  importer  in  America,  who  employs  no  Agents,  but  has  his  own  offices  at : 

LONDON :  .  2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 
PARIS:  .  .  .  .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG  :  Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 
II.     Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 
often  an  extra  discount. 

III.  The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 

IV.  As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  Thursdays 

from  Germany"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
V.     If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 
New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 
of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 

VI.  Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 
abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 
Librarian. 

VII.  Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 
a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 
nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 

VIII.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 
of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 
and  by  attending  auction  sales. 

IX.     Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 
of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 
volumes. 
X.     Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
XI.     American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand : 


Academic  royale  des  inscriptions  et  belles- 
lettres  :  Histoire  depuis  son  establishment  et  Memoirs 
de  Litterature.  Vols.  1-51.  Paris,  1736-1808.  410,  full 
calf,  gilt  edges. 

The  Academy.  A  monthly  record  of  literature, 
science,  and  art.  Vols.  1-36,  38-42.  London,  1869-92. 
4to,  cloth. 

American  Chemical  Journal.  Ed.  by  Remsen. 
Vols.  1-16  and  Index  to  Vols.  i-io.  Baltimore,  1878-94. 
8vo,  half  cloth,  new. 

American  Journal  of  Science.  Cond.  by  Silli- 
man,  Dana,  etc.  Serie  I.,  II.,  III.,  and  IV.,  vols.  i 
and  2.  New  Haven,  1819-96.  8vo,  and  Index  to  vols. 

I-IOO. 

Archivio  per  le  scienze  mediche.  Pubbl.  da 
G.  Bizzozero.  Vols.  1-19.  Torino,  1876-95.  8vo,  bound. 

Art  Union  and  Art  Journal.  From  the  com- 
mencement in  1839  to  1888.  Elegantly  bound  half  mo- 
rocco, gilt  ornamented  back,  gilt  top.  46 vols.  London, 
1839-88.  Folio,  sides  uncut. 


The  Anthropological  Review.  Vols.  I. -VIII. 
London,  1863-71.  8vo,  cloth. 

Astronomische  Nachrichten.  Hrsg.  v.  Schu- 
macher, fortges.  v.  Hansen,  Petersen,  Peters,  and  Krue- 
ger.  Bd.  1-141,  und  General-Register  zu  Bd.  1-120. 
Altona,  1823-96.  4to,  boards  and  half  cloth. 

Berichte  d.  Deutschen  Chemischen  Gesell- 
schaft  zu  Berlin.  I.-XXlV.  Jahrg.  Berlin  1868-91. 
8vo,  half  morocco,  fine  set,  and  General  Index. 

Bijclragen  tot  de  dierkunde,  nitgegeven  door 
het  genootschap,  Natura  Artis  Magistra.  16  parts  and  3 
vols.  Folio.  Amsterdam,  1848-88.  Complete  set.  Scarce. 

Chemisches  Centralblatt.  1863,  Neue  Folge, 
Bd.  8  bis  1883;  III.  Folge,  Bd.  14  und  General  Register 
zu  Bd.  1-12  der  III.  Folge.  Leipzig,  1870-81.  Bds. 

The  Chetham  Society.  Remains,  historical 
and  literary,  connected  with  the  Palatine  Counties  of 
Lancaster  and  Chester.  147  vols.  Small  410.  Man- 
chester, 1844-95.  Cloth,  fine  set. 

The  Church  Quarterly  Review.  Vols.  1-34. 
London,  1876-92.  8vo,  half  roan,  fine  set. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 

GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT,  9  East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 


THE 


Library  Journal 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY   DEVOTED    TO 


library  Economy  anfc  Bibliography 


VOL.  22.     No.  ii. 


NOVEMBER,  1897. 


Contents. 


PAGE 

JUSTIN  WINSOR Frontispiece 

EDITORIAL 677 

Justin  Winsor. 

The  Chicago  Public  Library. 
Philadelphia's  Library  Appropriation. 
The  Cleveland  Library  League. 

COMMUNICATIONS 678 

A  Bibliographer's  Dilemma. 
Book  Lists  lor  Library  Discussion. 

THE  WORK  FOR  CHILDREN  IN  FREE  LIBRARIES.  —  Mary 

W.  Plummer , 679 

METHODS  OF  WORK  FOR  CHILDREN  :  THE  CLEVELAND 
LIBRARY  LEAGUE.  —Linda  A.  Eastman.     .    .    .686 

JUSTIN  WINSOR 689 

THE  SECOND  INTERNATIONAL  LIBRARY  CONFERENCE.    .  690 

The  Post-Conference  Trip.— Continued. 
THE  CHICAGO  PUBLIC  LIBRARY.    (Illustrated.')  .    .    .  692 
A  LIBRARY  LEAGUE  AT  THE  PRENDERGAST  LIBRARY.    .  693 

THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY 693 

THE  KANSAS  CITY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 694 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  UNITED  KINGDOM.      .    .  694 

Twentieth  Annual  Conference,  London,  Oct.  20- 
22,  1897. 


PACE 
.   696 


AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 

Transactions  of  Executive  Board. 
A.  L.  A.  Organization,  1897-98. 
Memorial  of  Dr.  W.  F.  Poole. 
A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 698 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 699 

LIBRARY    CLUBS 706 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES 708 

Columbian  University. 

N.  Y.  State  Library  School. 

REVIEWS 709 

Aflalo,  Literary  Year-Book. 

Dixson,  Comprehensive  Subject  Index  to  Univer- 
sal Prose  Fiction. 

Foote,  The  Sunday-School  Library. 
Greenwood,  Library  Year- Book. 
Hayes,  Publications  of  the  State  of  Ohio. 
Ogle,  The  Free  Library. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY '713 

LIBRARIANS 719 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 720 

BlBLIOGRAFY 723 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 724 

HUMORS  AND  BLUNDERS 724 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  cu. 

Priet  to  Europe,  or  other  countries  in  tke  Union,  aos./er  annum;  single  numbers,  a*. 
Entered  at  the  Post-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-clam  matter. 


€76  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  \Novtmber,  '97 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  ($<jencg  for  (American  Bi6  wrie0 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 
ROUNDED    IN    1866. 

(SnfPPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 
Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  JBoofts  jfounfr. 
Sets 


ot  Bverg  Class. 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College. 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 

Member  American  Library  Association.  SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


From  Winsor's  "  History  or  America."        Copyright,  1886-89,  by  Houghton ,  Mifflin  &  Co. 


THE    LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


NOVEMBER,   1897. 


No.  ii 


THE  death  of  Justin  Winsor,  during  the  year 
in  which  he  had  accepted  the  presidency  of 
the  American  Library  Association  for  a  second 
period,  during  the  commemoration  year  of  the 
Association,  seems  almost  to  make  a  close  to 
the  first  generation  of  the  Association's  life. 
When  the  American  Library  Association  was 
founded,  Justin  Winsor,  then  at  the  head  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library,  was  the  natural  selection 
for  headship  of  the  Association,  his  eminence 
in  the  profession  being  shared  at  that  time  only 
by  Dr.  Poole  and  Mr.  Cutter.  These  three 
were  successively  the  early  presidents  of  the 
Association,  and  of  this  notable  trio  only  Mr. 
Cutter  remains  with  us  —  happily  no  older 
in  action  and  scarcely  older  in  look  than  when 
the  members  of  the  newly  organized  A.  L.  A. 
first  saw  him  in  the  early  councils.  Since 
then  the  profession  has  broadened  until  now 
a  score  of  names  suggest  themselves  as  those 
of  leaders  in  the  work,  many  of  them  already 
on  the  honor  roll  of  presidents  of  the  Associa- 
tion, and  others  fit  candidates  for  the  future. 
The  centre  of  library  activity,  which  was  then 
Boston,  has  moved  as  far  west  as  Chicago,  and 
with  the  exception  of  the  south,  yet  to  be 
developed,  the  whole  country  is  fairly  per- 
meated with  the  library  spirit  and  is  develop- 
ing in  practice  the  library  idea.  Dr.  Winsor's 
record  as  scholar  as  well  as  librarian  is  given 
elsewhere  —  a  record  which  no  one  can  read 
without  a  strong  sense  of  his  great  capabilities  as 
executive,  which  enabled  him  not  only  to  or- 
ganize two  great  libraries  but  gave  him  time 
for  the  direct  personal  research  and  scholarship 
which  has  placed  his  name,  through  his  monu- 
mental work,  among  the  ablest  historians  of 
this  country.  His  was  one  of  the  names  known 
and  respected  throughout  the  world  of  scholar- 
ship, abroad  as  well  as  at  home.  It  is  the  more 
gratifying,  in  view  of  his  sudden  departure 
from  amongst  us,  that  this  commemoration 
year  was  so  fitly  marked  by  his  re-election 
to  the  presidency  of  the  Association. 


CHICAGO  marks  its  supremacy  in  library  de- 
velopment, it  is  scarcely  too  much  to  say,  by 
opening  the  superb  new  building  for  the  Chicago 
Public  Library,  which  is  to  do  for  the  people 
what  the  benefactions  of  Newberry  and  Crerar 
are  to  do  for  scholars.  There  is  no  city  in  the 
world  which  has  the  library  equipment  of 
Chicago,  in  the  several  respects  in  which  li- 
braries touch  the  life  of  a  great  city.  London 
has  its  British  Museum,  Paris  its  Bibliotheque 
Nationale,  but  neither  of  these  are  popular  li- 
braries, and  Boston,  although  it  has  the  Athe- 
naeum alongside  the  Public  Library,  cannot 
now  hold  its  own  with  this  magnificent  library 
endowment  of  Chicago.  Perhaps  in  Chicago, 
as  in  Boston,  the  new  building  may  prove  to  be 
more  interesting  architecturally  than  service- 
able for  administration,  and  some  criticisms 
have  been  made  of  the  Chicago  decorations  as 
being  rather  strong  in  color  and  effect  for  the 
quietness  which  should  be  the  "tone"  of  a  li- 
brary. Whatever  may  be  possible  defects  of  the 
library  building  in  this  direction,  Chicago  has 
the  greatest  reason  for  congratulation  on  the 
public  spirit  both  of  the  community  and  of  its 
private  citizens  in  this  great  equipment,  and  if 
New  York  is  to  be  on  the  first  of  January  the 
greater  city,  it  must  still  be  confessed  that  it 
cannot  yet  approach  Chicago  in  its  library  de- 
velopment. 


PHILADELPHIA  is  the  next  great  city  to  fall  into 
line  as  regards  an  adequate  public  library  build- 
ing. The  $12,000,000  loan  bill,  which  was 
passed  by  a  fair  majority  at  the  November 
election,  provides  for  the  appropriation  of 
$1,000,000  for  the  erection  of  a  central  library 
"designed,"  as  the  bill  succinctly  states,  "for 
public  utility  rather  than  for  public  display." 
How  much  such  a  building  is  needed  in  the  city, 
those  who  have  noted  the  remarkable  work 
done  by  the  Philadelphia  Free  Library,  and  the 
influence  that  has  radiated  from  its  inadequate 
building  within  the  past  four  years,  need  not 
be  told.  But  it  may  be  doubted  whether  any 
other  city,  at  home  or  abroad,  can  show  so  phe- 


678 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


nomenal  a  library  growth  within  so  short  a 
time,  and  with  the  added  facilities  and  oppor- 
tunities that  the  new  building  will  give,  it  is 
hard  to  foresee  limits  to  the  work  before  the 
Philadelphia  library.  From  the  beginning,  the 
importance  of  the  free  library  item  in  the  loan 
bill  was  recognized  by  the  Philadelphia  press 
and  had  hearty  public  support,  but  its  history 
was  nevertheless  a  checkered  one.  Included 
in  the  original  draft  of  the  bill,  it  was  later 
omitted  in  a  revision  made  by  the  city  coun- 
cils, and  perhaps  no  episode  in  the  library's 
history  is  more  gratifying  than  the  instant 
expression  of  public  opinion  which  compelled 
the  reconsideration  of  the  decision  and  the 
replacement  of  the  library  provision.  That 
was,  indeed,  more  of  a  triumph  for  the  library 
than  was  the  vote  of  Nov.  2,  for  it  proved 
directly  and  forcibly  how  sure  was  the  place  the 
library  had  won  in  the  community. 


NONE  of  the  subjects  presented  at  the  Phila- 
delphia conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.  awakened 
more  general  interest  than  the  description  given, 
at  the  second  Elementary  Session,  of  the  meth- 
ods developed  in  the  Cleveland  Public  Library 
for  getting  into  touch  with  the  children  and 
awakening  a  sense  of  library  ownership  in 
their  minds.  The  Library  League,  organized 
by  the  Cleveland  Public  Library  in  the  spring 
of  this  year,  must  be  accepted  as  the  most  sug- 
gestive of  recent  movements  in  library  work. 
Its  simplicity  makes  it  practicable  in  the  small- 
est libraries  as  well  as  in  the  largest;  it  lends 
itself  to  the  work  of  the  children's  department 
or  the  children's  library  with  special  fitness  ; 
it  tends  toward  the  appreciation  and  care  of 
books;  and,  best  of  all,  it  makes  for  the  feeling 
of  personal  ownership  and  responsibility,  which 
is  the  foundation  stone  of  the  free  public  libra- 
ry. The  inception  and  organization  of  the 
league,  as  described  at  the  conference  by  Miss 
Eastman,  has  been  given  in  the  Conference 
number  of  the  JOURNAL  ;  in  the  present  issue, 
Miss  Eastman  continues  the  subject,  and  her 
presentation  of  the  Cleveland  League,  as  it 
exists  to-day,  is  as  inspiring  as  it  is  practically 
suggestive.  Surely,  an  army  of  12,000  chil- 
dren, actually  pledged  to  the  loving  care  of 
books,  and  brought  into  organized  relationship 
with  the  public  library  and  with  one  another 
through  that  library,  must  prove  a  force  in  the 
future  educational  development  of  any  city  that 
can  hardly  be  overestimated. 


Ctotnmnnications. 


A  BIBLIOGRAPHER'S  DILEMMA. 

A  BIBLIOGRAPHER  is  human,  he  likes  appro- 
bation and  dislikes  censure;  but  in  what  feel- 
ings should  he  indulge  when  he  is  credited 
with  work  he  has  never  done  and  charged  with 
using  a  method  in  this  imaginary  undertaking, 
which  method  he  would  not  employ  if  he  had 
opportunity  ?  I  put  this  dilemma  in  an  imper- 
sonal form,  but  the  thought  is  suggested  by 
personal  experience. 

Miss  Edith  E.  Clarke  in  her  valuable  essay 
on  "  Corporate  entry"  (L.  j.,  Sept.,  '97,  p.  434) 
credits  me  with  compiling  a  bibliography  of 
society  publications  (which  I  have  not  done), 
and  expresses  regret  that  I  "adopted  the  old- 
time  custom  of  entering  societies  under  the 
place."  Miss  Clarke  probably  refers  to  my 
"Catalogue  of  scientific  and  technical  periodi- 
cals," published  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
in  1885,  which  contains  very  few  society  jour- 
nals, not  one  of  which  is  entered  under  the 
place  of  publication.  I  agree  with  Miss  Clarke 
in  thinking  the  plan  an  inconvenient  one. 

It  may  interest  readers  of  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL to  learn  that  a  new  edition  of  the  "Cata- 
logue of  scientific  and  technical  periodicals,  1665  - 
1895,"  containing  8600  titles  is  nearly  completed ; 
it  only  awaits  the  preparation  of  a  library- 
check-list,  to  which  200  librarians  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada  have  courteously  contrib- 
uted. 

The  new  edition  will  be  issued  by  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  and  may  be  expected  by  the 
close  of  the  current  year. 

H.  CARRINGTON  BOLTON. 

BOOK  LISTS  FOR  LIBRARY  DISCUSSION. 

As  elsewhere  reported,  the  Massachusetts  Li- 
brary Club  has  just  held  a  meeting  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  new  books  of  the  year.  Similar 
discussions  have  been  held  by  other  clubs,  and 
could  well  be  an  annual  item  in  the  program  of 
every  state  club.  But  is  it  necessary  that  each 
association  should  print  a  list  of  its  own,  or  that 
the  lists  should  continue  to  overlap  one  an- 
other ?  Is  it  not  possible  so  to  arrange  the 
meetings  devoted  to  this  purpose,  that  a  list 
could  be  printed  for  the  common  use  of  all  the 
associations  that  wished  to  use  them,  each  pay- 
ing for  the  number  used  ?  I  do  not  attempt  to 
indicate  a  plan  for  preparing  the  lists,  or  for 
arranging  for  their  discussion,  but  I  believe  it 
could  be  accomplished.  The  lists  could  then 
be  more^  widely  circulated  than  when  they  are 
printed  at  the  cost  of  single  organizations,  and 
doubtless  some  associations  that  cannot  under- 
take the  preparation  of  lists  —  which  are  indis- 
pensable to  the  proper  discussion  of  the  books 
—  would  be  able  to  avail  themselves  of  lists 
prepared  in  this  way.  It  might  be  possible  to 
revise  and  reissue  the  lists,  if  done  by  the  lino- 
type, after  they  had  had  the  advantage  of  dis- 
cussion in  half  a  dozen  states. 

WM.    H.    TlLLINGHAST. 
HARVARD  COLLEGE  LIBRARY,  1 
Cambridge,  Mass. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


679 


THE  WORK  FOR  CHILDREN  IN  FREE  LIBRARIES.* 
BY  MARY  WRIGHT  PLUMMER,  Director  Pratt  Institute  Free  Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


IT  is  so  early  in  the  movement  for  children's 
libraries  that  by  taking  some  thought  now  it 
would  seem  possible  to  avoid  much  retracing  o: 
steps  hereafter,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that 
even  at  this  early  day  a  comparison  of  experi- 
ences and  theories  by  those  libraries  which 
have  undertaken  the  work  is  desirable  and 
even  necessary.  It  is  as  well,  perhaps,  to  be- 
gin with  a  few  historical  statistics,  gathered 
from  questions  sent  out  last  December  and  from 
perusal  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  reports  since 
then. 

Many  libraries,  probably  the  majority,  have 
had  an  age-limit  for  borrowers,  and  the  admis- 
sion of  children  under  12  to  membership  is  of 
comparatively  recent  date.  The  separation  of 
children  from  the  adult  users  of  the  library  by 
means  of  a  room  of  their  own  was  probably 
originated  by  the  Public  Library  of  Brookline, 
which  in  1890  set  aside  an  unused  room  in  its 
basement  for  a  children's  reading-room.  In 
1893  the  Minneapolis  Public  Library  fitted  up  a 
library  for  children,  from  which  books  circulate 
also,  where  they  had  (as  reported  in  December, 
1896)  20,000  volumes,  the  largest  children's  li- 
brary yet  reported.  In  1894  the  Cambridge 
Public  Library  opened  a  reading-room  and  the 
Denver  Public  Library  a  circulating  library  for 
children.  An  article  on  the  latter  undertak- 
ing may  be  found  in  the  Outlook  for  September 
26,  1896.  In  1895  Boston,  Omaha,  Seattle,  New 
Haven,  and  San  Francisco,  all  opened  either 
circulating  libraries  or  reading-rooms  for  chil- 
dren, and  in  1896  Detroit,  Buffalo,  Pittsburgh, 
Pratt  Institute  of  Brooklyn,  Everett  (Mass.) 
and  Kalamazoo  (Mich.)  followed  suit.  The  li- 
braries of  Circleville  (O.),  Milwaukee,  Cleve- 
land, and  Helena  (Mont.)  are  all  projecting 
plans  for  the  same,  and  probably  this  year  will 
show  a  notable  increase.  The  new  Public  Li- 
brary of  Chicago  has  made  no  especial  pro- 
vision for  children,  from  the  fact  that  its  situa- 
tion in  the  heart  of  the  business  district  of  the 
city  will  prevent  many  children  from  coming  to 
it,  but  provision  of  some  sort  will  be  made  for 
them  at  the  various  branch  reading-rooms 
throughout  the  city.  In  the  new  building  of 
the  Providence  Library  considerations  of  cost 
made  it  necessary  to  give  up  the  addition  of  a 

*  Read  before  the  Friends'  Library  Association  of  Phil- 
adelphia, and  the  New  York  Library  Club. 


children's  library,  a  matter  of  great  disappoint- 
ment to  every  one. 

From  all  these  libraries  except  the  last  two, 
reports  were  received  by  us  in  December,  1896, 
on  comparing  which  we  found  considerable 
similarity  of  usage,  though  as  there  had  been 
but  little  in  print  on  the  subject  up  to  1896  this 
probably  arose  not  from  communication  between 
the  libraries  but  from  the  fact  that  like  circum- 
stances and  causes  produced  like  effects  in  dif- 
ferent places. 

Of  the  15  libraries  reporting,  n  circulated 
books  from  the  children's  room,  three  making 
an  age-limit  for  this,  while  the  four  remaining 
contented  themselves  with  giving  the  children 
a  reading-room,  in  which  a  number  of  books  — 
about  300  —  were  placed,  for  reading  on  the 
premises.  The  temptation  for  a  child  who  be- 
comes interested  in  a  book,  to  carry  it  off  when 
closing-hour  comes,  in  order  to  finish  it,  is  a 
strong  one,  and  of  these  four  libraries  one  re- 
ported 35  books  missing  in  its  first  six  months, 
or  over  one-tenth  of  its  stock.  Two  others 
which  circulate  from  open  shelves  to  all  bor- 
rowers lost  loo  children's  books  in  a  little  over 
12  months.  A  number  of  others  reported  that 
as  yet  they  had  taken  no  inventory  of  the  books 
in  the  room,  and  were  evidently  willing  that 
ignorance  should  remain  bliss  a  little  longer. 
Several  report  that  very  few  books  are  unac- 
counted for,  and  one  or  two  that  not  a  book 
has  been  taken.  Free  access  to  the  children's 
books  is  allowed  in  all  the  15,  and  in  about 
half  of  them  the  room  is  open  all  day,  and  in 
two  cases  in  the  evening  also. 

The  number  of  volumes  shelved  ranges  all 
the  way  from  300  to  20,000,  the  average  num- 
ber being  from  3000  to  4000.  An  age-limit  for 
the  use  of  the  room  is  set  by  seven  libraries, 
three  of  these  making  the  limit  for  circulation 
only,  while  eight  admit  children  of  any  age, 
and  doubtless  make  provision  for  the  very 
youngest.  The  circulation  of  these  rooms  that 
lend  books  ranges  from  65  to  350  as  a  daily 
average,  frequently  exceeding  this.  As  a  rule, 
one  attendant  is  kept  in  the  room,  with  as- 
sistance when  necessary,  two  libraries  only  re- 
porting two  regular  assistants  and  the  Boston 
Public  Library  three.  The  Detroit  Library  has 
two  attendants  in  order  to  give  the  children 
personal  attention.  The  library  at  Kalamazoo 
bias  for  one  of  its  assistants  a  trained  kinder- 


68o 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


gartner.  Eight  libraries  report  no  reference- 
books  on  the  children's  shelves  and  the  majority 
of  the  others  only  a  few  such  works.  The 
largest  number  of  periodicals  taken  appears  to 
be  our  own  list  of  10,  though  by  this  time  the 
libraries  reporting  in  1896  may  have  increased 
their  number.  Instead  of  taking  a  variety  of 
periodicals,  they  seem  to  prefer  duplicating  a 
few  favorites.  One  library  reports  a  number 
of  copies  of  Puck  taken  for  children,  the  wis- 
dom of  which  I  should  doubt,  and  two  sub- 
scribe for  Golden  Days.  The  Minneapolis  Li- 
brary circulates  10  copies  of  St.  Nicholas.  The 
Boston  Public  Library,  having  a  large  foreign 
clientele  among  children  as  well  as  adults,  takes 
one  German  and  one  French  periodical  for 
them.  In  the  Detroit  Library  the  Scientific 
American  is  on  the  list,  and  in  our  children's 
library  we  take  a  copy  of  Harper's  Weekly. 

A  number  of  libraries  report  crowding  and 
lack  of  time  and  space.  In  one  no  periodicals 
can  be  kept  in  the  children's  library,  because 
there  is  no  room  for  the  children  to  sit  down  to 
read  them.  Another  reports  as  many  as  75 
children  frequently  in  the  room  at  once,  a  third 
that  the  room  is  so  full  children  have  often  to 
be  sent  out,  and  a  fourth,  which  at  the  time 
was  only  a  reading-room,  that  the  attendance 
was  so  large  very  little  could  be  done  except  to 
keep  order.  Most  of  the  libraries  report  a  fair 
proportion  of  foreigners  among  the  children, 
and  one  speaks  of  having  many  colored  chil- 
dren among  the  readers. 

Turning  from  these  reports  to  a  general  con- 
sideration of  the  subject,  we  must  admit,  first, 
that  a  definite  decision  as  to  the  object  of  a 
children's  library  is  the  first  thing  needful. 

This  decision  will  doubtless  vary  in  different 
libraries,  and  the  results  will  differ  accordingly, 
but  almost  any  decision  is  better  than  none, 
since  one  cannot  be  arrived  at  without  giving 
much  thought  to  the  subject,  and  the  desirable 
thing  is  that  the  work  should  be  entered  upon 
thoughtfully. 

We  have  passed  the  time  when  reading  in 
itself  was  considered  a  vast  good.  The  ability 
to  read  may  easily  be  a  curse  to  the  child,  for 
unless  he  be  provided  with  something  fit  to 
read,  it  is  an  ability  as  powerful  for  evil  as  for 
good.  When  we  consider  the  dime-novels,  the 
class  of  literature  known  as  Sunday-school 
books,  the  sensational  newspapers,  the  vicious 
literature  insinuated  into  schools,  and  the  tons 
of  printed  matter  issued  by  reputable  publish- 
ers, written  by  reputable  people,  good  enough 


in  its  intention  but  utterly  lacking  in  nourish- 
ment, and,  therefore,  doing  a  positive  harm  in 
occupying  the  place  of  better  things  —  when  we 
consider  that  all  these  are  brought  within  a 
child's  reach  by  the  ability  to  read,  we  cannot 
help  seeing  that  the  librarian,  in  his  capacity 
as  selector  of  books  for  the  library,  has  the 
initial  responsibility.  Certain  classes  of  the 
printed  stuff  just  spoken  of  do  not,  of  course, 
find  their  way  into  children's  libraries,  since  they 
are  barred  out  from  all  respectable  shelves  ; 
but  we  are  still  too  lenient  with  print  because 
it  is  print,  and  every  single  book  should  be 
carefully  examined  before  it  goes  into  a  library 
where  children  have  access  to  the  shelves. 

But  given  an  ideal  selection  of  books,  or  as 
near  it  as  we  can  get  and  still  have  enough  books 
to  go  around,  is  just  the  reading  of  them  —  that 
is,  the  passing  of  the  eye  over  the  types,  gain- 
ing a  momentary  impression  —  the  most  de- 
sirable thing  to  be  got  out  of  them  ?  Are  there 
not  here  and  there  children  who  are  reading  to 
the  lasting  detriment  of  their  memories  and 
powers  of  observation  and  reflection,  stuffing 
themselves  with  type,  as  it  were  ?  Nearly 
every  observant  librarian  knows  of  such  cases. 
Are  there  not  days  when  the  shining  of  the 
sun,  the  briskness  of  the  air,  the  greenness  of 
the  turf  and  of  the  trees,  should  have  their 
invitation  seconded  by  the  librarian,  and  the 
child  be  persuaded  away  from  the  library  in- 
stead of  to  it  ?  We  are  supposed  to  contribute 
with  our  books  toward  the  sound  mind,  but  we 
should  be  none  the  less  advocates  of  the  sound 
body  —  and  the  child  who  reads  all  day  indoors 
when  he  ought  to  be  out  in  the  fresh  air  among 
his  kind,  should  have  our  especial  watching. 

But,  granted  the  suitable  book  and  the  suita- 
able  time  for  reading,  what  do  we  know  of  the 
effect  our  books  are  having  ?  We  count  our 
circulation  just  the  same  whether  a  book  is 
kept  two  days  —  about  long  enough  for  the 
family  to  look  at  the  pictures  —  or  a  week. 
Whether  it  has  been  really  read  we  do  not 
know.  Sometimes  I  think  those  pencilled  notes 
on  the  margin,  recording  the  child's  disgust  or 
satisfaction,  should  have  more  meaning  for  us 
than  they  do.  At  least,  they  prove  that  the 
book  has  taken  hold  of  the  reader's  imagination 
and  sympathies.  Don't  let  us  be  too  severe 
with  a  criticism  written  in  the  honest  feeling  of 
the  moment  (if  it  be  in  pencil)  ;  we  are  really 
gathering  psychological  and  sociological  data 
for  which  the  child-study  clubs  would  thank  us, 
perhaps. 


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681 


I  see  only  one  way  in  which  we  can  be  en- 
abled to  estimate  fairly  the  value  of  what  we 
are  doing,  and  that  is  by  so  gaining  the  good- 
will and  confidence  of  the  children  as  to  get 
them  to  answer  our  questions  as  to  their  read- 
ing or  to  tell  us  of  their  own  accord  what  they 
get  from  it.  From  this  information  we  may 
make  our  inferences  as  to  the  value  of  our 
books  in  themselves,  and  may  be  enabled  to 
regulate  their  use.  A  child  whose  exclusive 
diet  is  fairy-tales  is  evidently  over-cultivating 
the  imagination  ;  a  girl  who  has  outgrown 
children's  books  and  dipped  into  the  premature 
love-stories  that  are  written  for  her  class  needs 
our  most  careful  guidance;  a  boy  whose  whole 
thought  is  of  adventure,  or  who  cannot  read 
anything  but  jokes,  is  also  in  a  critical  con- 
dition. 

In  short,  the  judicious  regulation  of  the  chil- 
dren's reading  should  be  made  practicable  for 
the  librarian,  if  the  children's  library  is  to  be 
the  important  agency  in  education  which  it  may 
be  made. 

In  regard  to  the  desirability  of  amusements 
in  the  library,  I  own  that  I  am  somewhat  scep- 
tical. The  library  has  its  own  division  of  labor 
in  the  work  of  education,  and  that  division  is 
the  training  of  the  people  to  the  use  and  appre- 
ciation of  books  and  literature.  An  argument 
in  favor  of  games  is  that  they  draw  in  children 
who  might  not  otherwise  come,  but  I  should 
fear  they  would  be  drawn  in  finally  in  such 
crowds  as  to  be  unmanageable.  Books  properly 
administered  should  have  the  same  drawing 
power,  and  their  influence,  once  felt,  is  toward 
quietness  and  thought,  rather  than  toward  ac- 
tivity and  skill  with  the  complications  of  dis- 
pute and  cheating  that  may  arise  from  the  use 
of  games.  Children  are  natural  propagandists. 
Let  one  child  find  that  at  the  children's  library 
he  may  select  his  own  books  from  a  good-sized 
collection,  may  find  help  in  his  composition- 
work,  the  news  of  what  is  going  on  in  the 
world  in  the  shape  of  an  attractive  illustrated 
bulletin-board,  different  every  week  —  and  to- 
morrow 10  children  will  know  of  it,  and  each 
of  these  will  tell  other  10,  and  so  on.  The 
library  will  have  all  the  children  it  can  attend 
to  eventually,  and  they  will  have  come  gradual- 
ly so  that  the  assistants  shall  have  been  able 
to  get  a  proper  grasp  of  the  situation,  while 
the  earlier  children  will  have  been  somewhat 
trained  to  help,  like  the  elder  brothers  and 
sisters  in  a  family. 

Certain  freedoms  may  be  granted  in  the  chil- 


dren's library  as  an  education  for  the  adult 
constituency  of  the  future;  for  instance,  the 
guarantee  may  be  done  away  with,  thus  putting 
the  child  on  his  honor  to  pay  his  own  fines  and 
damages  —  the  only  penalties  for  not  doing  so 
being  those  which  society  naturally  inflicts  on 
offenders — the  debarring  from  privileges  and 
from  association.  If  there  is  nothing  injurious 
or  doubtful  on  the  shelves,  freedom  in  choice  of 
books  may  be  allowed  to  the  smallest  child, 
only  he  must  know  that  help  and  guidance  are 
at  hand  if  he  wishes  them,  and  if  a  tendency  to 
over-read  in  any  one  direction  or  in  all  is  no- 
ticed, the  librarian  should  feel  at  liberty  to 
make  suggestions.  And  as  to  freedom  of  ac- 
tion, the  maxim  should  be  that  one  man's 
liberty  ends  where  another  man's  begins.  No 
child  should  be  allowed  to  disturb  the  room  or 
to  interfere  with  the  quiet  of  those  who  are 
studying,  for  many  children,  more  than  one 
would  think,  really  come  to  study.  But  the 
stiffness  and  enforced  routine  of  the  school- 
room should  by  all  means  be  avoided.  There 
should  be  no  set  rules  as  to  silence,  but  con- 
sideration for  others  should  be  inculcated,  and 
in  time  the  room  will  come  to  have  a  subduing, 
quiet  atmosphere  that  will  insensibly  affect 
those  who  enter.  Whispering,  or  talking  in  a 
low  tone,  where  several  little  heads  are  bent 
together  over  picture-books,  is  certainly  admis- 
sible, and  the  older  heads  are  very  soon  quiet 
of  their  own  accord,  each  over  its  own  book  or 
magazine. 

After  the  selection  of  the  books  themselves 
there  is  nothing  so  important  as  thoughtful  ad- 
ministration, a  practical  question,  since  the  em- 
ployment of  assistants  comes  in  under  this 
head.  Educators  have  for  some  time  seen  the 
mistake  of  putting  the  cheapest  teachers  over 
the  primary  schools  —  kindergartners  have  seen 
it  —  and  it  remains  for  the  library  to  profit  by 
their  experience  without  going  through  a  simi- 
lar one.  If  there  is  on  the  library  staff  an 
assistant  well  read  and  well  educated,  broad- 
minded,  tactful,  with  common  sense  and  judg- 
ment, attractive  to  children  in  manner  and 
person,  possessed,  in  short,  of  all  desirable 
qualities,  she  should  be  taken  from  wherever 
she  is,  put  into  the  children's  library,  and  paid 
enough  to  keep  her  there.  There  is  no  more 
important  work  in  the  building,  no  more  deli- 
cate, critical  work  than  that  with  children,  no 
work  that  pays  so  well  in  immediate  as  well  as 
in  far-off  results.  Who  that  has  met  the  fault- 
finding, the  rudeness  and  coldness  too  frequent 


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[November,  '97 


in  a  grown-up  constituency,  would  not  expand 
in  the  sunshine  of  the  gratitude,  the  confidence, 
the  good-will,  the  natural  helpfulness  of  chil- 
dren! And  it  rests  partly  with  the  assistant  to 
cultivate  these  qualities  in  them,  and  so  modify 
the  adult  constituency  of  the  future. 

I  say  thoughtful  administration  because  the 
children's  library  is  no  sooner  opened  than  it 
begins  to  present  problems.  Some  of  these  are 
simply  administrative  and  economic,  others  take 
hold  of  social  and  ethical  foundations.  There 
will  be  scarcely  a  day  on  which  the  librarian 
and  the  children's  librarian  will  not  have  to  put 
their  heads,  and  sometimes  their  hearts,  to- 
gether over  puzzling  cases  —  cases  of  fraud, 
of  mischief-making,  of  ignorant  evil-doing,  of 
inherited  tendencies,  physical,  mental,  and 
moral  —  and  sometimes  it  will  seem  as  if  the 
whole  human  creation  were  incurably  ailing, 
and  the  doctrine  of  total  depravity  will  take  on 
alarming  probability.  But  at  this  point  some 
sound,  smiling,  active  boy  or  girl  comes  in  with 
a  cheerful  greeting,  and  pessimism  retires  into 
the  background.  And  all  this  reminds  me  of 
one  more  quality  which  the  children's  librarian 
must  have  —  a  sense  of  humor.  It  is  literally 
saving  in  some  circumstances. 

Our  own  experience  has  led  to  the  following 
suggestions,  made  by  the  children's  librarian  in 
our  library  to  those  who  come  in  at  given  hours 
from  the  other  departments  to  take  her  place  or 
to  assist  her.  It  will  be  seen  that  most  of  them 
are  the  product  of  observation  and  thought 
arising  from  the  daily  evidence  of  the  room 
itself: 

"Always  tell  a  child  how  to  fill  out  his  ap- 
plication-blank, even  when  you  are  busy.  Tell 
him  just  where  to  write  his  name  in  the  register 
and  stay  near  him  till  it  is  completed.  When- 
ever it  is  possible,  go  to  the  shelves  with  a 
child  who  has  just  received  his  card  of  member- 
ship. Show  him  where  different  kinds  of  books 
are  to  be  found.  Ask  him  what  kind  of  book 
he  likes.  Show  him  one  or  two  answering  to 
his  description  and  then  leave  him  to  make  his 
own  selection. 

"  Explain  the  routine  carefully  and  fully  to 
children  just  beginning  to  use  the  library. 

"  Let  no  child  sign  the  register,  look  at  a  book, 
receive  or  present  an  application,  with  soiled 
hands.  Soiled  and  crumpled  applications  are 
considered  defective  and  cannot  be  accepted. 

' '  Do  not  expect  or  demand  perfect  quiet.  Fre- 
quent tapping  upon  the  desk  excites  the  chil- 
dren and  betrays  nervousness  on  the  part  of 


the  person  in  charge.  Let  the  discipline  of  the 
room  seem  to  be  incidental  ;  let  the  child  feel 
that  it  is  first  and  foremost  a  library  where 
books  are  to  be  had  for  the  asking,  and  that 
you  are  there  to  make  it  easier  to  get  them. 

"  Never  call  children's  numbers,  but  use  their 
names  if  necessary,  though  a  glance  of  recog- 
nition pleases  them  better.  Do  not  force -ac- 
quaintance. Children  like  it  even  less  than 
grown  people.  Be  sympathetic  and  responsive, 
but  beware  of  mannerisms  or  effusiveness. 
Remember,  too,  that  questioning  is  a  fine  art, 
and  one  should  take  care  not  to  offend. 

"  Speed  is  not  the  first  requisite  at  a  children's 
desk.  Children  have  more  patience  with  neces- 
sary formalities  than  grown  people. 

"  Let  some  of  the  children  help  in  the  work 
of  the  room,  but  do  not  urge  them  to  do  so. 

"Avoid  stereotyped  forms  of  expression 
when  reproving  a  child  or  conversing  with  him. 
Let  him  feel  that  you  are  speaking  to  him  per- 
sonally ;  he  will  not  feel  this  if  he  hears  the 
same  words  used  for  50  other  boys." 

For  evening  work,  when  there  is  no  circula- 
tion of  books  :  "  read  to  them  sometimes;  talk 
to  them  at  others  ;  and  sometimes  leave  them 
quite  alone.  They  are  more  appreciative  when 
they  find  you  are  leaving  work  to  give  them 
pleasure  than  they  would  be  if  they  found  you 
were  making  their  pleasure  your  work." 

These  are  a  few  of  the  instructions  or.  sug- 
gestions consequent  upon  daily  observation  and 
experience.  Doubtless  every  children's  libra- 
rian could  supplement  them  with  many  more, 
but  they  are  enough  to  show  what  I  mean  by 
"thoughtful  administration." 

Occasionally  the  librarian  who  serves  children 
will  have  to  take  account  of  stock,  sum  up  the 
changes  for  better  or  for  worse  in  the  use  and 
treatment  of  the  room,  in  the  manners  and  hab- 
its of  the  children  and  in  their  reading.  She  will 
have  to  retire  a  little  from  her  work,  take  a 
bird's-eye  view  of  it,  and  decide  if  on  the  whole 
progress  is  making  toward  her  ideal.  Without 
identifying  itself  with  any  of  the  movements 
such  as  the  kindergarten,  child-study,  and  social 
settlement,  without  losing  control  of  itself  and  re- 
signing itself  to  any  outside  guidance,  the  chil- 
dren's library  should  still  absorb  what  is  to  its 
purpose  in  the  work  of  all  these  agencies.  ' '  This 
one  thing  I  do,"  the  librarian  may  have  to  keep 
reminding  herself,  to  keep  from  being  drawn  off 
into  other  issues,  but  by  standing  a  little  apart 
she  may  see  what  is  to  her  advantage  without 
being  sucked  in  by  the  draft  as  some  enthusiastic 


November,  '97] 


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683 


movement  sweeps  by.  Must  she  have  no  en- 
thusiasm ?  Yes,  indeed  ;  but  is  not  that  a  bet- 
ter enthusiasm  which  enables  one  to  work  on 
steadily  for  years  with  undiminished  courage 
than  the  kind  that  exhausts  itself  in  the  great 
vivacity  of  its  first  feeling  and  effort  ? 

It  will  not  be  long  after  the  opening  of  the 
children's  library  before  an  insight  will  be 
gained  into  domestic  interiors  and  private  lives 
that  will  make  the  librarian  wish  she  could  fol- 
low many  a  child  to  his  home,  in  order  to  secure 
for  him  and  his  something  better  than  the  few 
hours'  respite  from  practical  life  which  they 
may  get  from  the  reading  of  books.  When  the 
boy  who  steals  and  the  girl  who  is  vicious  be- 
fore they  are  in  their  teens,  have  to  be  sent 
away  lest  other  children  suffer,  it  is  borne  in 
upon  the  librarian  that  a  staff  of  home-mission- 
aries connected  with  the  library  to  follow  up 
and  minister  in  such  cases  would  not  be  a  bad 
thing  —  and  she  has  to  remind  herself  again 
and  again  that  it  is  not  incumbent  on  any  one 
person  to  attempt  everything,  and  that  Provi- 
dence has  other  instrumentalities  at  work  be- 
sides herself.  The  humors  of  the  situation,  on 
the  other  hand,  are  many.  The  boys  who, 
being  sent  home  to  wash  their  hands,  return  in 
an  incredibly  short  time  with  purified  palms  and 
suppressed  giggles,  and  on  persistent  inquiry 
confess,  "We  just  licked  "em,"  present  to  one 
who  is  "  particular  "  only  a  serio-comic  aspect; 
and  the  little  squirrel  who  wriggles  to  the  top 
of  the  librarian's  chair  until  he  can  reach  her  ear 
and  then  whispers  into  it,  "There  couldn't  be 
no  library  here  'thout  you,  could  there  ? "  is 
not  altogether  laughable;  but  incidents  of  pure 
comedy  are  occasionally  to  be  set  over  against 
the  serious  side. 

Last  spring,  with  a  view  to  gaining  informa- 
tion directly  in  the  answers  to  our  questions 
and  indirectly  in  the  light  the  answers  should 
throw  on  the  character  of  the  children,  we  chose 
150  boys  and  girls  who  were  regularly  using 
the  library  and  sent  to  them  a  series  of  ques- 
tions to  be  answered  in  writing.  They  were 
apparently  greatly  pleased  to  be  consulted  in 
this  way,  and  it  seemed  to  us  that  very  few  of 
the  replies  were  insincere  in  tone,  or  intended 
merely  to  win  approbation.  From  the  100  re- 
plies worth  any  consideration  I  have  drawn 
these  specimen  answers: 

One  of  the  first  questions  we  asked  was, 
"  How  long  have  you  been  using  the  library?" 
Of  loo  who  answered,  25  had  used  the  li- 
brary more  than  six  months,  33  more  than 


a  year,  22  more  than  two  years,  II  more  than 
three  years,  nine  more  than  four  years,  and 
one  six  years,  since  books  were  first  given 
out  to  children.  Many  children  first  hear  of 
the  library  when  they  are  13  and  over,  and 
after  14  they  have  the  use  of  the  main  library, 
so  that  in  their  case  the  time  of  use  is  neces- 
sarily shorter.  However,  if  a  child  has  not 
done  with  the  children's  library  by  the  time  he 
is  14,  we  allow  him  to  continue  using  it  until  he 
wishes  to  be  transferred. 

Of  100  children,  68  reported  that  other  mem- 
bers of  their  families  used  the  library,  while  32 
reported  themselves  the  only  borrowers.  This 
is  interesting  in  connection  with  their  answers 
to  the  question,  "  Does  any  one  at  home  or 
at  school  tell  you  good  books  to  read?"  71 
reported  yes  and  29  no,  about  the  same  pro- 
portion. In  many  families  the  parents  are  of 
a  mental  calibre  or  at  a  stage  in  education  to 
enjoy  books  written  for  children,  and  we  have 
found  that  children  often  drew  books  with  their 
parents'  tastes  in  view.  One  little  girl  whose 
own  tastes  led  her  to  select  a  charming  little  book 
on  natural  history  was  sent  back  with  it  by  an 
aunt  who  said  it  was  not  suitable  and  requested 
one  of  the  semi-demi-novels  that  are  provided 
for  quite  young  girls,  as  being  much  more  ap- 
propriate. The  difficulty  in  keeping  "hands 
off"  in  a  case  where  grown  people  are  thus  in- 
fluencing children  injuriously  can  be  fully  ap- 
preciated only  by  one  who  knows  and  cares 
for  the  children. 

Fifty-seven  children  reported  that  they  were 
read  to  at  home  or  that  they  read  to  their  younger 
brothers  and  sisters,  while  43  stated  that  their 
reading  was  a  pleasure  all  to  themselves.  The 
large  number  who  shared  their  reading  was  a 
pleasant  surprise  to  us,  evincing  a  companion- 
ship at  home  that  we  had  hardly  anticipated. 

Twenty-eight  children  stated  that  they  pre- 
ferred to  have  help  in  selecting  their  books,  63 
that  they  preferred  to  make  their  own  choice, 
while  nine  said  it  depended.  49  said  that 
they  came  to  the  library  to  get  help  in  writ- 
ing their  compositions  or  in  other  school- 
work,  while  51  said  they  did  not,  one  proudly 
asserting,  "I  am  capable  of  writing  all  my 
compositions  myself,"  and  another,  seeming  to 
think  help  a  sort  of  disgrace,  "  I  do  not  come 
to  the  library  for  help  about  anything  at  all." 

Seventy  out  of  the  100  children  answering 
used  no  library  but  ours  —  the  others  made  use 
of  their  Sunday-school  libraries  also. 

An  inquiry  as  to  the  books  read  since  New 


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[November,  "97 


Year's,  the  questions  being  sent  out  in  May, 
brought  out  the  fact  that  an  average  of  six 
books  in  the  four  and  a  half  months  had  been 
read  —  not  a  bad  average,  considering  that  it 
was  during  term-time  in  the  schools,  when 
studies  take  up  much  of  the  child's  otherwise 
spare  time.  Boys  proved  to  prefer  history  and 
books  of  adventure,  travel  and  biography,  to  any 
other  class  of  reading;  girls,  books  about  boys 
and  girls,  fairy  stories  and  poetry.  The  tastes 
of  the  boys  on  the  whole  were  more  wholesome, 
and  the  girls  need  most  help  here.  It  is  not 
at  all  unlikely  that  it  is  chiefly  the  wars  and 
combats  in  history  which  make  it  interesting  to 
the  boys,  as  they  seem  to  go  through  a  san- 
guinary phase  in  their  development  that  nothing 
else  will  satisfy;  but  many  of  them  will  get  their 
history  in  no  other  way,  and  since  wars  have 
been  prominent  in  the  past  it  is  of  no  use  to  dis- 
guise the  fact.  Fairness  to  both  sides  would 
seem  to  be  the  essential  in  the  writing  of  these 
children's  histories  and  historical  tales,  since 
the  ability  to  stop  and  deliberate  and  to  make 
allowances  is  rare  even  in  grown  people  and 
needs  cultivation. 

The  question  as  to  the  best  book  the  child  had 
ever  read  brought  in  a  bewildering  variety  of 
answers,  proving  beyond  a  doubt  that  there  had 
been  no  copying  or  using  of  other  children's 
opinions.  While  no  list  can  be  given,  the  reasons 
they  offered  in  response  to  a  request  for  them 
were  often  interesting.  Girls  wrote  of  "  Little 
women":  "  It  is  so  real,  the  characters  are  so  real 
and  sweet."  "  I  feel  as  if  I  could  act  the  whole 
book."  "This  story  has  helped  me  a  very 
great  deal  in  leading  a  better  and  a  happier 
life."  "  It  shows  us  how  to  persevere,"  etc. 
Boys  like  "  The  Swiss  family  Robinson "  "be- 
cause it  describes  accurately  the  points  of  a 
shipwreck  and  graphically  describes  how  a  man 
with  common  sense  can  make  the  best  of  every- 
thing." Another,  "because  it  shows  how  some 
people  made  the  most  of  what  they  had."  An- 
other, "  It  shows  how  progressive  the  people 
were."  One  liked  "Uncle  Tom's  cabin"  "be- 
cause it  describes  life  among  the  colored  peo- 
ple and  shows  how  they  were  treated  before  the 
war";  another,  "because  it  is  a  true  story  and 
some  parts  of  it  are  pitiful  and  other  parts 
are  pleasant."  A  boy  of  12  says  of  "  Grimm's 
fairy  tales,"  "  They  are  interesting  to  read,  and 
I  learn  there  is  no  one  to  give  you  wings  and 
sandals  to  fly  —  you  have  to  make  your  own." 
Another  likes  "John  Halifax"  "because  it 
tells  how  a  boy  who  had  pluck  obtained  what 


he  wanted  and  made  his  mark  in  the  world." 
"  Pluck,"  I  imagine,  in  a  boy's  mind  stands 
for  the  old  virtue  of  the  poets,  "  magnanimity," 
that  included  all  the  rest.  Harper's  story- 
books are  still  read  and  appreciated  "because 
they  tell  me  about  different  kinds  of  people's 
ways,  about  animals,  and  a  little  about  history." 
Another  child  "  learned  games  out  of  them,  and 
how  to  tell  the  truth  and  the  use  of  the  truth." 

A  child  of  eight  puts  in  a  pathetic  plea  worth 
considering  for  the  Prudy  books,  "because  I 
understand  them  better  than  any  books  I  have 
read."  An  incipient  author  says  that  she  uses 
the  library  because  "  I  make  a  good  deal  of 
stories  and  find  pretty  ideas." 

Perhaps  the  most  enlightening  replies  came 
in  answer  to  the  question,  "  Can  you  suggest 
anything  which  would  make  the  library  more 
interesting  than  it  is  now  ?  "  One  delightfully 
reassuring  boy  says,  "I  like  the  children's  li- 
brary to  stay  just  the  same,  and  a  boy  who 
never  went  there  would  like  it.  I'll  bring  more 
boys."  "Pictures  of  art"  are  requested,  and 
"a  set  of  curiosities  from  all  parts  of  the 
world."  As  we  regard  the  children  of  all  na- 
tionalities and  types  crowding  about  the  desk 
on  our  busy  days  we  sometimes  think  we  al- 
ready have  this  latter  item.  "  A  prize  for  the 
best  story  every  month."  "  More  histories." 
"  Pictures  of  noted  men  on  the  walls."  "More 
fairy-tales."  "  More  magazines."  "  Books  show- 
ing how  to  draw."  "  A  pencil  fastened  to  each 
table."  "  Stories  in  Scottish  history."  "More 
books  of  adventure."  "More  funny  books." 
"  A  chart  of  real  and  genuine  foreign  stamps." 
"  Lectures  for  children  between  10  and  14,  with 
experiments  accompanying  them."  "A  one- 
hour  lecture  once  a  week  by  noted  men  on  dif- 
ferent subjects."  "  A  book  giving  the  value  of 
celebrated  paintings."  "  More  books.  The 
shelves  look  bare,"  as  indeed  they  do  after  a 
rush-day.  "  Rules  to  keep  the  children  in  or- 
der," from  a  nine-year-old  who  has  doubtless 
suffered.  "  Not  to  be  disturbed  by  other  boys 
for  unknown  crimes,"  says  one  mysterious  vic- 
tim of  something  or  other.  "  Historical  fic- 
tion." "  Catholic  books."  "  Tanks  with  fishes, 
in  the  windows."  "An  aquarium;  children 
would  enjoy  seeing  pollywogs  change  to  frogs 
every  time  they  came  to  the  library."  This  is 
the  comment  of  a  little  girl,  I  am  glad  to  say. 
"School-books."  "More  amusement  for  little 
children."  This  was  before  we  bought  our 
linen  picture-books.  And  the  "  Elsie  books," 
and  Oliver  Optic,  and  Castlemon  are  vainly  de- 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


685 


sired  by  two  or  three.  The  general  sentiment 
is  pretty  well  voiced  by  one  child  who  says, 
"  The  library  is  just  perfect  in  about  every  re- 
spect." 

We  feel  that  with  this  enumeration  of  desid- 
erata, the  children's  library  has  its  work  cut 
out  for  it  for  some  time  to  come,  and  that  these 
evidences  of  the  children's  likings  and  needs 
have  removed  a  certain  vagueness  from  our 
ambitions.  With  lectures  and  experiments, 
reading  clubs,  and  possibly  original  stories,  in 
contemplation,  there  is  no  danger  of  rust  from 
inaction,  especially  as  to  obtain  any  one  of  these 
there  are  serious  obstacles  to  overcome.  But 
always  and  everywhere  the  library  should  put 
forward  its  proper  claim  of  the  value  and  use 
of  the  book  —  though  in  the  word  book  I  by  no 
means  include  all  that  goes  under  the  name.  If 
there  are  lectures  with  experiments  or  lantern- 
slides,  they  should  be  attended  by  information 
as  to  the  best  literature  on  the  subject  and  the 
children  encouraged  to  investigate  what  has 
been  printed,  as  well  as  to  take  in  through  the 
ear.  There  is  no  "digging"  in  lecture-going, 
and  it  is  "digging"  that  leaves  a  permanent 
impression  on  the  mind.  The  lecture  should 
stimulate  to  personal  research.  From  reading 
aloud  together  at  the  library  in  the  evening, 
reading  clubs  may  come  to  be  formed,  each 
with  a  specialty,  decided  by  the  tastes  of  the 
members.  The  writing  of  stories,  particularly 
if  the  library  selected  the  subject,  might  be 
made  the  occasion  of  the  use  of  histories,  bi- 
ographies, travels,  etc.  Quiet  games  in  the 
evening  for  the  older  children,  of  a  nature  to 
require  the  use  of  reference-books,  would  be 
strictly  within  the  library's  province.  Personal 
talks  with  the  children  about  their  reading,  if 
judiciously  conducted,  are  always  in  order. 
With  a  generation  of  children  influenced  in 
this  way  to  use  books  as  tools  and  a  mental  re- 
source as  well  as  for  recreation,  and  to  find  rec- 
reation only  in  the  best-written  books,  the  li- 
brary constituency  of  the  future  would  be 
worthy  of  the  best  library  that  could  be  im- 
agined. 

The  bulletin-board  is  attracting  attention 
generally  as  a  means  of  interesting  children  in 
topics  of  current  interest,  and  such  a  periodical 
as  Harper's  Weekly  is  invaluable  when  it  comes 
to  securing  illustrations  for  this  purpose.  Sand- 
wiched in  among  the  pictures,  we  have  occa- 
sionally smuggled  in  a  printed  paragraph  of 
useful  information  or  a  set  of  verses,  and  our 
latest  move,  to  induce  more  general  reading  of 


the  periodicals,  has  been  to  analyze  their  con- 
tents on  the  bulletin,  under  the  head  of  ."  Ani- 
mals," "Sports,"  "Engines,"  "Short  stories," 
"  Long  stories,"  etc.  Boys  who  "know  what 
they  like  "  are  beginning  to  turn  to  this  analy- 
sis to  see  if  there  is  anything  new  on  their 
favorite  topic,  and  to  explain  the  workings  of 
the  board  to  other  boys,  and  the  desired  end  is 
gradually  being  brought  about.  As  the  refer- 
ences are  taken  down  to  make  way  for  new 
ones,  they  are  filed  away  by  subject,  making 
the  beginnings  of  a  permanent  reference  list. 

Birds,  the  new  magazine  with  its  colored 
plates,  is  a  boon  for  the  children's  room,  and 
The  Great  Round  World  is  good  for  the  assistant- 
in-charge  and  the  teachers  who  come  to  the 
room,  as  well  as  for  the  children. 

In  order  to  add  to  the  number  of  books  with- 
out overstepping  our  rules  as  to  quality,  we  are 
beginning,  though  not  yet  very  systematically, 
to  look  over  the  works  of  certain  authors  of 
grown-up  books  with  a  view  to  finding  material 
that  can  be  understood  sufficiently  by  children 
to  interest  them.  A  number  of  Stevenson's 
books  can  be  given  to  boys  and  girls,  and  we 
hope  to  find  many  others.  Most  children,  I 
think,  read  books  without  knowing  who  has 
written  them,  and  if  we  can  induce  them  to 
learn  to  know  authors  and  can  interest  them 
in  a  writer  like  Stevenson,  we  can  feel  fairly 
secure  that  they  will  not  drop  him  when  they 
are  transferred  from  the  children's  room  to  the 
main  library. 

Perhaps  it  is  best  always  to  have  a  working 
hypothesis  to  begin  with,  in  children's  libraries 
as  elsewhere;  but  we  can  assure  those  who 
have  not  tried  it  that  facts  are  stubborn  things, 
and  the  hypothesis  has  frequently  to  be  made 
over  in  accordance  with  newly-observed  facts, 
and  theories  may  or  may  not  be  proven  correct. 
The  whole  subject  is  as  yet  in  the  empirical 
stage,  and  the  way  must  be  felt  from  day  to 
day.  If  the  children's  librarian  lives  in  a  con- 
tinual rush,  what  "leisure  to  grow  wise"  on 
her  chosen  subject  does  she  have  ?  and  if  she 
is  hurried  constantly  from  one  child  to  another, 
what  chance  have  the  children  for  learning  by 
contact  with  the  individual  ?,  which,  as  Mr. 
Horace  E.  Scudder  truly  says,  is  the  method 
most  sure  of  results.  This  contact  may  be  had 
most  naturally,  it  seems  to  us,  through  the 
ordinary  channels  of  waiting  on  the  children, 
provided  it  is  quiet,  deliberate  waiting  upon 
them.  We  go  out  of  our  way  to  think  out  new 
philanthropies  and  are  too  likely  to  forget  that, 


686 


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[November,  '97 


as  we  go  about  our  every-day  business,  natural 
opportunities  are  constantly  presenting  for 
strengthening  our  knowledge  of  and  our  hold 
upon  the  people  who  come  to  us  —  who  are 
sent  to  us,  I  might  almost  say. 

The  registry  and  the  charging-desks  offer 
chances  for  acquaintance  to  begin  naturally 
and  unconsciously  and  for  much  incidental  im- 
parting of  seed-thoughts.  And  it  is  in  these 
every-day  chances,  if  appreciated  and  made  the 
most  of,  that  the  work  of  the  children's  library 
is  going  to  tell.  The  necessity  of  especial 
training  in  psychology,  pedagogy,  child  study, 
and  kindergarten  ideas,  has  been  treated  of  re- 
cently in  a  paper  before  the  A.  L.  A.  There  is 
no  doubt  that  the  "  called  "  worker  in  this  field 
will  be  better  for  scientific  training,  but  let  him 
or  her  first  be  sure  of  the  call.  It  is  quite  as 
serious  as  one  to  the  ministry,  if  not  more  so, 
and  no  amount  of  intellectual  training  will 
make  up  for  the  lack  of  patience  and  fairness 
and  of  a  genuine  interest  in  children  and  realiza- 
tion of  their  importance  in  the  general  scheme. 


To  sum  up,  the  requisites  for  the  ideal  chil- 
dren's library,  as  we  begin  to  see  it,  are  suitable 
books,  plenty  of  room,  plenty  of  assistance,  and 
thoughtful  administration.  Better  a  number  of 
children's  libraries  scattered  over  a  town  or 
city  than  a  large  central  one,  since  only  in  this 
way  can  the  children  be  divided  up  so  as  to 
make  individual  attention  to  them  easy.  But 
if  it  devolves  upon  one  library  to  do  the  work 
for  the  entire  town,  and  branches  are  out  of  the 
question,  something  of  the  same  result  maybe 
obtained  by  providing  at  certain  hours  an  extra 
number  of  assistants.  I  can  imagine  a  large 
room  with  several  desks,  at  each  of  which 
should  preside  an  assistant  having  charge  of 
only  certain  classes  of  books,  so  that  in  time 
she  might  come  to  be  an  authority  on  historical 
or  biographical  or  scientific  or  literary  books 
for  children,  and  the  children  might  learn  to  go 
to  her  as  their  specialist  on  the  class  of  books 
they  cared  most  for.  Perhaps  this  may  sound 
Utopian.  I  believe  there  are  libraries  present 
and  to  come  for  which  it  is  entirely  practicable 


METHODS  OF   WORK   FOR  CHILDREN  :    THE  CLEVELAND   LIBRARY  LEAGUE. 
BY  LINDA  A.  EASTMAN,  First  Assistant  Librarian  Cleveland  (0.)  Public  Library. 


"IT  is  in  the  air,"  whispered  a  gentleman 
sitting  next  to  me  at  the  Philadelphia  confer- 
ence during  an  animated  discussion  of  methods 
of  work  with  children,  and  referring  to  the  wide- 
spread interest  in  the  subject  which  is  marking  a 
new  phase  in  library  progress.  The  facts  which 
substantiate  his  remark  would  indicate  that  the 
time  is  ripe  for  the  development  of  this  phase: 
a  full  conception  of  the  public  library  idea 
carries  with  it  a  necessary  emphasis  on  the 
work  with  the  young,  for  if  the  public,  the  great 
mass  of  the  common  people,  is  to  profit  greatly 
by  its  public  library,  it  must  be  trained  into  the 
use  of  books  —  trained  from  childhood. 

There  is  being  forced  upon  us  a  realization 
of  the  inadequacy  of  any  educational  system 
which  does  not  provide  this  needed  training, 
and  the  result  is  already  showing  in  the  earnest 
efforts  toward  a  wiser  co-operation  on  the  part 
of  the  two  great  educational  forces,  the  school 
and  the  library;  and  in  the  closer  and  closer 
union  of  these  two  and  one  other  force,  the 
home,  and  the  incidental  co-ordination  of  church, 
society,  and  all  other  agencies,  organized  or  in- 
dividual, for  the  uplifting  of  mankind,  lies  the 
solution  of  the  problem. 


The  library  needs  of  a  great  city,  as  regards 
its  children,  have  never  been  so  fully  set  forth 
as  in  the  paper  presented  by  Rev.  Mr.  Fairchild 
at  the  Philadelphia  conference,*  and  the  at- 
tempts to  look  these  needs  squarely  in  the  face, 
must  result  in  an  effort  to  meet  them. 

The  system  as  proposed  requires  modifica- 
tion, but  its  main  feature  would  stand,  demand- 
ing that  children's  libraries  be  as  numerous  and 
available  as  are  the  public  schools.  The  branch 
library  should  be  near  the  school  building,  or, 
possibly,  both  for  economy  of  building  and 
administration  and  for  closer  co-operation,  even 
under  the  same  roof  with  the  school,  each  keep- 
ing its  own  identity  and  doing  its  own  work, 
but  doing  it  better  because  of  the  proximity 
and  help  of  the  ether.  The  library  could  occupy 
one  wing  of  the  building  and  have  its  own  out- 
side entrance,  as  well  as  one  from  the  school  ; 
there  should  be  a  reference-room  containing  the 
ordinary  reference-books  for  the  use  of  all, 
which  the  children  should  be  taught  to  use  sys- 
tematically in  connection  with  their'school-work ; 
and  there  should  be,  preferably  on  separate 


*  L.  j.,  Oct.,  1897,  p.  19. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


687 


floors,  the  adult  and  the  children's  circulating 
libraries,  serving  also  as  general  reading-rooms, 
and  each  having  its  adjoining  quiet  study-room 
and  a  club-room.  The  large  central  hall,  which 
is  a  feature  of  so  many  modern  school  build- 
ings, might  be  utilized  for  lectures,  concerts, 
and  art  exhibitions,  and  thus  the  building  now 
unused,  excepting  during  school  hours,  would 
become  a  centre  of  intellectual  life  for  the 
neighborhood.  Parents  and  teachers  would 
meet  more  frequently  and  with  good  result  ; 
and,  more  important  still,  parents  and  children 
would  have  a  common  centre  for  their  intel- 
lectual interests,  which  would  be  strengthened 
and  cemented,  with  who  can  say  what  gain  in 
family  happiness.  The  placing  of  the  children's 
library  in  a  separate  building  from  the  adult 
would  seem  to  be  a  mistake  in  principle,  for 
the  peril  to  the  home  life  in  the  lack  of  common 
interest  of  the  individual  members  of  the  family 
is  one  to  be  reckoned  with  and  counteracted  in 
every  possible  way,  and  there  is  constant  danger 
that  institutional  work  will  unwittingly  increase 
this  peril  instead  of  lessening  it.  The  children's 
library,  then,  would  be  under  the  same  roof 
with  the  adult,  that  parent  and  child  might  be 
encouraged  to  visit  it  together. 

The  branch  library  would  be  supplemented, 
as  Mr.  Fairchild  suggests,  by  children's  home 
libraries  in  districts  where  needed,  these  libra- 
ries being  in  charge  of  missionaries  (in  an  in- 
tellectual and  moral  sense)  whose  labors  would 
be  with  the  straying  lambs  of  the  fold. 

Such  a  system  would  make  possible  that 
needed  element  which  was  the  keynote  of  Miss 
Adams'  paper*  — personal  contact  and  individual 
aid. 

It  was  an  effort  to  supply  this  element  more 
largely,  if  possible  under  existing  circumstances, 
which  led  to  the  experiment  of  the  Children's 
Library  League  —  a  movement  which  is  at 
least  proving  that  something  more  is  needed 
than  has  been  done  for  the  children  in  the  past. 
The  league  is  not  accomplishing  that  some- 
thing  as  yet,  and  of  itself  never  can  do  so;  but 
if  this  attempt  shall  help  toward  the  final  result, 
it  will  have  been  worth  while. 

The  October  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
(p.  151  -  153)  gives  the  conference  account 
of  the  formation  of  the  Cleveland  Library 
League  last  spring,  and  the  objects  in  view  in 
starting  it.  At  the  time  of  that  report  the 
membership  had  reached  3500.  There  was  a 

*L.  j.,  Oct.,  1897,  p.  28. 


greatly  increased  use  of  the  library  by  league 
members  throughout  the  summer,  and,  it  is 
confidently  believed,  a  better  use.  When  the 
books  were  sent  out  to  the  schools  this  fall 
they  were  accompanied  by  a  letter  to  the  teach- 
ers, explaining  the  league  and  asking  that  all 
children  who  draw  books  through  the  schools 
be  invited  to  join  it,  if  they  had  not  already 
done  so  at  the  library  or  its  branches.  A  blank 
sheet  headed  with  the  league  agreement  was 
sent  with  each  letter,  to  be  returned  with  the 
signatures  to  the  library,  where  the  certificates 
of  membership  were  then  made  out  and  sent  to 
the  children.  The  roll  began  at  once  to  swell 
very  rapidly,  and  at  present  the  total  number  is 
12,615. 

The  long-promised  badges  were  awaited  with 
great  eagerness,  and  when  they  finally  arrived 
were  worn  with  pride  by  the  members  as  an 
outward  and  visible  sign  of  loyalty  to  the 
cause.  The  badge  is  a  neat  little  affair  of 
white  metal,  the  design  an  open  book  bearing 
the  words  Cleveland  Library  League;  it  is  going 
to  be  of  great  use  is  showing  us  which  of  the 
children  using  the  library  are  members  of  the 
league.  The  members  pay  for  their  badges, 
which  cost  them  three  cents  apiece. 

Saturday  afternoon,  Nov.  6,  was  the  date  set 
for  the  league  mass-meeting.  And  a  mass- 
meeting  it  was  !  Music  Hall,  the  largest  audi- 
torium in  the  city,  was  crowded  to  its  utmost 
capacity,  and  a  sea  of  eager,  restless  faces  it 
was  to  look  upon.  Parents  and  teachers  had 
been  invited  to  attend,  but  there  were  few  of 
them  present;  a  great  mistake  was  made  —  we 
realized  it  when  it  was  too  late,  and  we  empha- 
size it  that  it  may  not  be  made  by  others  —  in 
not  limiting  admission  to  such  children  as  were 
under  the  care  of  teacher,  parent,  or  adult 
friend  ;  as  it  was,  the  hall  was  filled  and  emp- 
tied again  without  an  accident,  but  some  of  us 
went  home  afterwards  to  dream  of  dreadful 
things  which  might  have  occurred  when  that 
audience  of  nearly  5000  children  was  dismissed. 

Judge  Hutchins,  the  president  of  the  Library 
Board,  presided,  and  opened  the  meeting  with 
a  short  address,  in  which  he  compared  the  work 
of  the  Library  League  with  that  of  the  Humane 
Society. 

The  words  for  the  league  song,  written  by 
Miss  Glasier,  were  given,  with  their  ringing 
chorus : 

"  Oh,  we  are  the  League,  the  Library  League, 

The  League  ten  thousand  strong, 
And  if  you  value  the  bright  new  books, 
Join  us  and  sing  our  song." 


688 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


After  music  and  a  reading,  Mr.  Brett  made  a 
few  remarks  somewhat  as  follows  : 

"Judge  Hutchins  has  told  you  how  the  Li- 
brary League  originated  and  of  its  wonderful 
growth.  The  Library  League  was  organized 
because  in  our  work  in  the  library  we  need 
your  help  to  take  care  of  the  books,  and  have 
asked  you  to  come  together  this  afternoon  be- 
cause we  wanted  you  to  meet  one  another  and 
to  realize  what  a  great  association  you  were 
members  of  ;  and  to  realize  how  many  earnest, 
active  helpers  we  might  count  in  our  work.  I 
would  like  to  tell  you  many  things  about  the 
library,  but  will  only  take  your  time  to  tell 
you  of  one  part  of  its  work  and  of  the  reason 
why  I  think  we  may  count  on  your  help.  A 
large  part  of  the  work  of  the  library  is  for  the 
children  and  the  young  people.  It  supplies 
books  to  the  schools  which  increase  the  interest 
of  your  studies  and  renders  them  more  profit- 
able. Your  teachers  are  constantly  referring 
you  to  these  books,  and  we  are  supplying 
them.  We  also  try  to  give  you  the  best  books. 
They  do  not  belong  to  the  library  board,  nor 
do  they  belong  to  those  of  us  who  have  the 
pleasant  duty  of  caring  for  them  in  the  library. 
The  library  board  holds  them  in  trust  for  you 
and  for  the  other  people  of  Cleveland,  who  pay 
for  them  and  own  them,  and  have  the  right  to 
use  them.  Now  you  know  that  it  is  just  be- 
cause there  are  so  many  of  you  who  have  the 
right  to  use  the  books  that  we  need  your  help 
to  take  care  of  them.  Pencils  are  so  apt  to 
make  marks  when  they  don't  mean  to,  and 
leaves  to  have  their  corners  turned  down  and 
become  soiled,  nobody  knows  how,  and  book 
covers  to  get  wet  and  grimy,  that  it  will  take 
the  keenest  watchfulness  of  all  the  12,000  mem- 
bers of  the  Cleveland  Library  League  to  pre- 
vent any  of  these  things  from  happening  to  the 
books  of  the  Cleveland  Public  Library.  I  am 
sure  if  we  all  work  together  in  this  way  we 
can  have  a  library  which  will  be  clean  and 
beautiful,  and  a  delight  to  us  all." 

The  stereopticon  views  were  the  main  feat- 
ure of  the  afternoon.  The  series  of  six  fres- 
coes, the  "  Evolution  of  the  book,"  from  the 
Congressional  Library,  were  thrown  on  the 
canvas,  and  the  wonderful  story  they  tell  was 
explained  by  Professor  Muckley,  of  the  Public 
Schools.  These  were  followed  by  numerous 
views  of  the  great  libraries  of  the  country,  and 
views  of  our  own  city. 

Several  features  as  planned  for  the  program 
had  to  be  omitted  to  shorten  the  exercises,  and 


although  the  children,  bubbling  over  with  ani- 
mation and  enthusiasm,  declared  that  they  had 
had  a  good  time,  some  of  us  were  sceptical  as 
to  whether,  after  all,  it  had  paid  in  the  way  in 
which  we  had  meant  that  it  should. 

The  league  has  become  so  large  that  we 
must  depend  upon  reaching  it  in  sectional  meet- 
ings and  in  print,  and  a  little  inexpensive 
scheme  for  book-mark  bulletins,  which  the  chil- 
dren will  get  with  their  books,  will,  it  is  hoped, 
prove  an  effective  medium  of  communication. 
There  is  no  question  but  that  the  sentiment  for 
the  more  careful  usage  of  the  books  is  resulting 
in  a  saving  of  them  sufficient  to  pay  for  the 
printing  of  such  bulletins;  and  the  training  in 
the  idea  that  public  property  must  be  preserved 
and  cared  for  is  something  which  is  sadly 
needed.  By  such  means  it  may  be  possible  to 
keep  the  children  in  touch  with  the  spirit  of  the 
league,  and  also  to  greatly  influence  and  direct 
their  reading.  To  the  latter  end  organized 
work  is  being  begun  on  a  small  scale  in  the 
shape  of  reading  clubs  composed  of  league 
members,  under  the  direction  of  older  persons; 
the  work  which  might  be  done  along  this  line 
seems  almost  endless,  and  the  little  which  can 
be  done  is  pitifully  insufficient.  New  York, 
with  its  city  history  clubs,  seems  to  be  starting 
a  movement  worthy  of  being  followed. 

The  one  great  point  which  our  league  seems 
to  be  proving  conclusively  is  that  our  city  —  and 
ours  is  not  an  exception  in  this  respect  —  con- 
tains thousands  of  children  who  are  not  being 
reached  by  the  ordinary  methods  of  library 
work,  children  who  are  being  drawn  to  the  li- 
brary by  it  as  an  advertising  medium;  and  that 
many  of  them  are  the  children  who  most  need 
the  broadening,  brightening,  sweetening  influ- 
ence of  good  books,  one  needs  but  to  see  them 
to  be  assured.  The  league  in  itself  is  sufficient 
to  reach  but  a  fraction  of  these  children.  We 
were  told  by  a  teacher  of  an  instance  of  several 
members  of  the  league  to  whom  the  coming 
downtown  to  that  league  meeting  was  the  event, 
almost,  of  their  little  lives  —  so  narrowed  have 
their  lives  been  within  the  limits  of  the  poor 
suburb  where  they  live,  that  they  actually  did 
not  remember  having  seen  our  public  square 
before  that  day.  To  such  the  league  is  much, 
but  not  -enough,  nor  are  books  sent  them 
through  the  schools  enough.  They,  of  all  chil- 
dren, need  to  have  the  world  broadened  for 
them  by  having  a  library,  a  bright,  attractive 
branch  library,  within  easy  reach,  and  to  be 
made  to  feel  that  it  is  theirs  to  enjoy. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


689 


JUSTIN  WINSOR. 

JUSTIN  WINSOR,  LL.D.,  librarian  of  Harvard 
University  and  president  of  the  American  Li- 
brary Association,  died  at  his  residence  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  on  October  22,  after  a  brief 
illness.  Dr.  Winsor's  sudden  death  came  as  a 
shock  to  his  many  friends  and  associates  at 
home  and  abroad,  for  he  seemed  still  in  the 
prime  of  vigor  and  activity,  and  had  only  this 
summer,  in  connection  with  the  International 
Conference,  taken  up  again  active  relations  in 
the  library  association,  with  which  his  name 
was  for  so  many  years  intimately  associated. 
Since  the  death  of  Dr.  Poole  in  1894,  his  death 
is  the  heaviest  loss  that  has  befallen  American 
librarianship  since  it  became  recognized  as  a 
definite  calling,  for  though  his  later  fame  as  an 
historian  has  overshadowed  his  eminence  as  a 
librarian,  he  was  one  of  those  library  pioneers 
who  have  made  possible  the  profession  as  it 
exists  to-day. 

Dr.  Winsor  was  born  in  Boston,  January  2, 
1831,  of  a  line  of  sturdy  New  England  ancestry. 
He  entered  Harvard  with  the  class  of  1853, 
among  his  classmates  being  Charles  W.  Eliot, 
with  whom,  as  president  of  Harvard,  he  was 
later  to  have  such  close  relations.  After  grad- 
uation he  went  abroad  and  continued  his  studies 
in  Paris  and  at  the  University  of  Heidelberg, 
giving  special  attention  to  bibliographical  and 
historical  research.  In  1868  he  was  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  Boston  Public  Library, 
succeeding  Prof.  Jewett,  having  proved  him- 
self the  man  for  the  place  in  the  remarkable 
report  prepared  by  him  as  chairman  of  the 
visiting  committee  of  the  library  trustees,  just 
previous  to  Prof.  Jewett's  death.  Until  July, 
1877,  he  directed  the  affairs  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  and  during  this  period  of  near- 
ly 10  years'  headship  he  proved  his  administra- 
tive genius  for  the  work,  and  left  his  perma- 
nent impress  upon  that  library,  and  indeed 
upon  librarianship  in  the  United  States.  At 
the  date  of  his  election  the  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary contained  about  144,000  volumes  and 
40,000  pamphlets,  and  had  a  yearly  circulation 
of  about  178,000.  When  he  left  it  the  main 
building  and  the  eight  branches  established  un- 
der his  direction  contained  314,000  volumes 
and  100,000  pamphlets,  while  for  1876  the  cir- 
culation was  947,621. 

His  acceptance  of  the  position  of  librarian  of 
Harvard  University  in  the  summer  of  1877,  as 
successor  to  the  venerable  John  L.  Sibley, 
whose  term  of  office  dated  from  1856,  gave  ad- 
mirable scope  to  his  rare  organizing  power 
and  scholarly  tastes.  Under  his  direction  that 
library  has  reached  a  degree  of  completeness 
and  usefulness  in  its  special  field  equalled  by 
few  university  libraries,  while  at  the  same  time 
his  connection  with  it  gave  opportunity  for  the 
scholarly  labors  with  which  his  name  is  most 
frequently  associated. 

Dr.  Winsor's  connection  with  and  influence 
upon  organized  library  work  continued  almost 
without  a  break  during  what  may  be  termed  its 
first  decade — the  period  from  1876-86,  in 
which  the  foundations  were  laid  on  which  the 


library  movement"  of  to-day  rests.  During 
that  formative  period,  his  strong  common  sense, 
keen  intellect,  and  executive  ability  were  potent 
factors  in  shaping  the  policy  of  the  American 
Library  Association,  in  whose  ranks  he  was  a 
foremost  figure.  From  the  beginning  the  pro- 
ject of  organized  library  effort  had  his  hearty 
co-operation,  and  the  first  paper  in  the  first 
number  of  the  initial  volume  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  was  "A  word  to  starters  of  libraries" 
from  his  vigorous  pen.  He  was  the  natural 
choice  for  president  of  the  Association  at  its 
organization  meeting  in  the  centennial  year, 
and  he  held  that  position  uninterruptedly  until 
1885,  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  W.  F. 
Poole,  remaining  thereafter  one  of  the  council- 
lors of  the  Association,  At  the  2ist  anniver- 
sary conference  in  Philadelphia  in  June  of  this 
year  he  was  re-elected  president,  and  in  that 
office  he  represented  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation at  the  London  International  Confer- 
ence with  dignity  and  distinction,  as  he  had 
done  20  years  previously  at  the  International 
Conference  of  1877,  For  the  last  eight  or  nine 
years  Dr.  Winsor's  increasing  historical  labors 
had  withdrawn  him  to  a  considerable  degree 
from  library  relations.  The  St.  Louis  confer- 
ence of  1889  was  the  last  that  he  attended, 
and  his  utterances  upon  library  topics  were  of 
late  years  but  few  and  far  between,  though  dur- 
ing the  early  years  of  the  JOURNAL  he  was  one 
of  its  most  constant  and  notable  contributors. 

It  is  as  an  historian  and  scholar  that  Dr.  Win- 
sor was  most  widely  known.  His  literary  ac- 
tivity was  remarkable,  and  his  voluminous  con- 
tributions to  American  historical  literature  were 
of  permanent  importance  and  value. 

His  magnum  opus  was  the  great  "Narrative 
and  critical  history  of  America,"  in  eight  vol- 
umes, published  during  1884- 1888,  which  he 
edited,  and  which  was  essentially  his  own 
conception.  He  also  edited  the  "  Memorial 
history  of  Boston,"  in  four  volumes,  pub- 
lished during  1880-82  ;  and  he  had  planned 
a  series  of  studies  of  early  American  his- 
tory, of  which  three  volumes  have  appeared 
— "Christopher  Columbus,"  1891,  "  Cartier  to 
Frontenac,"  1894,  and  "  The  Mississippi  basin," 
1895.  Among  his  other  works  may  be  men- 
tioned the  "  Reader's  handbook  of  the  Ameri- 
can revolution,"  1880;  "Bibliography  of  the 
original  quartos  and  folios  of  Shakespeare," 
1876;  and  "Was  Shakespeare  Shapleigh?"  1886. 
He  was  also  editor  of  Harvard  University 
Bulletin,  of  the  Bibliographical  Contributions  of 
Harvard  University  Library  ;  contributor  to 
the  American  Historical  Association,  the  Massa- 
chusetts Historical  Society,  and  other  learned 
bodies,  and  author  of  numerous  valuable  pam- 
phlets on  historical  and  bibliographical  subjects. 
Dr.  Winsor  was  vice-president  and  correspond- 
ing secretary  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical 
Society  and  had  been  president  of  the  American 
Historical  Society.  His  funeral  services  were 
held  in  Appleton  Chapel,  Cambridge,  on  Oct. 
25,  and  were  attended  by  a  large  representation 
of  librarians,  and  by  many  distinguished  citi- 
zens, including  the  governor  of  the  state. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\November,  '97 


THE  SECOND   INTERNATIONAL  LI- 
BRARY CONFERENCE. 
THE  POST-CONFERENCE  TRIP,  Continued. 

THE  week  comprising  July  26-31  was  a  free 
week  left  open  to  the  members  for  trips  in  any 
direction  that  suited  their  fancy.  Paris,  Can- 
terbury, Isle  of  Wight,  and  Ireland  were  some 
of  the  places  visited  by  them,  while  others  re- 
mained in  London.  Saturday  morning,  July  31, 
found  over  50  of  the  A.  L.  A.  reunited  at  the 
Liverpool  st.  station  in  London,  ready  to  leave 
for  Cambridge.  They  found  themselves  in  the 
enormous  crowd  which  leaves  London  to  enjoy 
that  British  institution,  Bank  Holiday.  The  uni- 
versity town  was  reached  a  little  after  12,  and, 
lunch  over,  the  party  proceeded  to  visit  the 
various  colleges  under  the  leadership  of  Mr. 
Jenkinson  of  the  University  Library,  Mr.  Web- 
ster, and  Mr.  Pink.  Si.  John's,  Trinity,  the  Uni- 
versity Library,  Corpus  Christi,  Kings,  Queens, 
and  others  were  included.  After  dinner  there 
were  walks  along  the  "backs"  and  boat-rides 
on  the  Cam.  On  Sunday  various  churches  were 
visited,  and  some  strayed  off  to  Girton  and 
Newnham.  In  the  afternoon  a  most  enjoyable 
reception  was  given  by  Mayor  Darwin,  son  of 
Charles  Darwin,  and  his  wife.  Private  recep- 
tions were  also  given,  and  the  Cantabrigians 
made  a  lasting  impression  upon  the  hearts  of 
their  visitors  by  their  cordial  kindness  and 
thoughtful  attentions. 

ELY  AND    PETERBORO'. 

Monday,  Aug.  2,  the  A.  L.  A.  arrived  at  Ely 
after  an  interesting  ride  through  the  fen  coun- 
try of  England.  Ely  Cathedral  was,  of  course, 
the  objective  point  of  interest,  though  a  few  took 
in  the  unique  chapel  of  Prior  Crauden  as  a  side 
issue.  This  first  of  the  great  northern  cathe- 
drals was  of  intense  interest,  with  its  beautiful 
nave,  its  original  Norman  aisles,  and  its  exqui- 
site octagon  and  choir  ;  it  was  carefully  studied 
in  the  short  time  allowed,  and  then  the  line  of 
march  was  taken  to  the  station  for  Peterboro'. 
The  view  of  the  front  of  Peterboro'  was  a  sad 
disappointment,  for  it  was  completely  covered 
by  a  staging,  put  up  for  necessary  repairs.  The 
interior,  however,  well  repaid  a  visit,  and  one 
of  the  deans  kindly  pointed  out  some  of  its  many 
interesting  peculiarities.  The  party  reached 
Lincoln  in  time  for  a  late  dinner,  and  while  that 
interesting  ceremony  was  being  enjoyed  the 
arrival  of  Mr.  Briscoe,  of  Nottingham,  was  an- 
nounced. He  had  not  been  able  to  resist  the 
pleasure  of  greeting  his  fellow-librarians  once 
more,  and  he  was  warmly  welcomed. 

LINCOLN  AND   YORK. 

On  Tuesday  morning  Mr.  Briscoe  and  the 
local  librarian  were  on  hand  to  show  the  visi- 
tors in  the  brief  time  allowed  all  that  could  be 
crowded  into  it.  First  to  the  Guildhall,  then  up 
to  the  cathedral,  which  was  viewed  from  the  out- 
side, and  later  the  whole  cathedral  was  shown 
by  the  dean.  Hurried  visits  to  the  remains  of 
the  Bishop's  Palace,  the  Roman  Gate,  and  the  old 
castle,  filled  the  allotted  time,  and  then  the  party 
went  on  to  York  at  12.30  p.m.  Dinner  was  had 


at  York,  and  then  came  a  visit  to  the  cathedral, 
which  was  shown  by  a  remarkable  verger.  To 
those  who  knew,  it  mattered  little  if  his  architect- 
ure was  somewhat  mixed,  and  to  those  who 
didn't,  it  mattered  less.  The  grand  cathedral 
was  enjoyed,  and  every  part  of  it  was  explored 
by  the  party,  and  then  a  weary  walk  around 
the  walls  was  undertaken,  and  the  "Bars" 
visited. 

Wednesday  was  a  free  day,  with  an  excursion 
to  Scarboro'  for  those  who  wished.  About  20 
went,  and  enjoyed  it  greatly.  Some  stayed  at 
York,  saw  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  and  were  received 
informally  by  the  Lord  Mayor  at  the  Mansion 
House,  while  a  delightful  trip  to  Ripon  Cathe- 
dral and  Fountain's  Abbey  was  taken  by  others. 
The  cathedral  at  Ripon  is  small,  but  has  several 
features  of  interest,  one  being  a  Saxon  crypt 
under  the  nave. 

DURHAM    AND   NEWCASTLE. 

Thursday  morning,  on  again  to  Durham, 
where  sits  crowned  the  queen  of  all  English  ca- 
thedrals, seemingly  as  immutable  as  the  ever- 
lasting hills,  and  speaking  to  all  of  the  old 
feudal  days  when  the  bishops  of  Durham  held 
regal  state,  and  even  defied  the  king  himself. 
An  agreeable  attendant  showed  the  cathedral, 
chapter- house,  and  library.  The  castle  was 
also  visited,  the  party  being  admitted  at  whole- 
sale rates,  threepence  a  head.  Then  a  thun- 
der shower  broke  upon  them,  and  amidst  a 
pouring  rain  a  retreat  was  made  to  the  station, 
where  the  train  was  taken  for  Newcastle.  Here 
a  delightful  program  of  entertainment  had  been 
devised.  At  10.30  on  Friday  the  visitors  were  re- 
ceived in  the  council  chamber  by  the  mayor  and 
council,  and  speeches  of  welcome  were  made  and 
acknowledged  by  Mayor  Goolden,  Sheriff  Beat- 
tie,  Alderman  Stephens,  and  Mr.  F.  M.  Crun- 
den.  Thence  to  Fish  Quay,  where  the  Tyne 
Commissioner's  boat  was  waiting  to  take  the 
party  on  a  trip  up  and  down  the  river.  All  the 
interesting  features  on  either  bank  of  the  river 
were  pointed  out  —  the  Elswick  works  where 
warships  for  different  nations  were  being  con- 
structed, flour-mills,  gas-works,  engine-shops, 
one  of  them  formerly  having  been  Stephenson's, 
etc.,  etc.  On  the  return  trip  the  party  was 
greatly  pleased  with  the  halt  made  abreast  of 
the  Wellesley  training  ship,  where,  at  a  signal, 
the  ship  and  rigging  literally  swarmed  with 
boys,  who  sang  the  Jubilee  song,  "  Victoria  our 
Queen."  A  welcome  lunch  was  served  onboard 
the  boat.  An  intended  landing  at  the  Pity  Me 
salmon  fishery,  to  see  the  salmon  nets  drawn  in, 
was  prevented  by  a  sudden  shower,  which 
stopped,  however,  as  the  boat  arrived  at  the 
Fish  Quay.  Some  of  the  party  proceeded  to 
the  Public  Library,  but  the  greater  part,  under 
the  guidance  of  Mr.  Heslop  and  Mr.  Homes, 
mounted  the  never-ending  stairs  of  the  Norman 
Keep,  and  explored  its  intricate  passages.  A 
visit  to  the  cathedral  church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
the  Library,  and  Natural  History  Museum  fol- 
lowed, and  then  a  hurried  retreat  home  to  pre- 
pare for  the  dinner  in  the  Grand  Assembly 
Rooms,  where,  after  the  feast,  toasts  were  drunk 
and  speeches  made  by  Dr.  Thomas  Hodgkin, 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


691 


author  of  "  Italy  and  her  invaders,"  Dr.  David 
Masson,  Mr.  Flower,  Mr.  Crunden,  and  oth- 
ers. A  prompt  departure  from  the  Assembly 
Rooms  was  caused  by  a  reception  awaiting  the 
visitors  at  the  "Lit.  &  Phil."  (otherwise 
Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  ;  but  no 
native,  however,  knows  it  by  the  latter  designa- 
tion). Dr.  Hodgkin,  the  president  of  the  "Lit. 
&  Phil.,"  received,  and  delighted  all  with  his 
cordiality  and  wit.  Many  residents  of  New- 
castle were  present,  and  the  evening  passed  all 
too  quickly.  One  pleasant  incident  was  the  pre- 
sentation to  the  A.  L.  A.  of  Dr.  Watson's  his- 
ory  of  the  "  Lit.  &  Phil."  fiy  Dr.  Hodgkin,  and 
at  10  p.m.  reluctant  adieus  were  bade  to  the 
kind  hosts,  with  many  expressions  of  appre- 
ciation and  gratitude. 

SCOTLAND  :   EDINBURGH. 

Saturday,  Aug.  7,  the  line  of  march  was  re- 
sumed, and  the  pilgrims  left  at  9.30  a.m.  for 
Melrose,  Abbotsford,  and  Dryburgh.  We  wish 
we  were  able  in  a  few  words  to  describe  the 
beauties  of  that  ride  through  the  Cheviots  —  the 
high,  wild  moors,  with  sometimes  but  a  solitary 
tree  in  sight,  sheltering  a  little  white-washed 
cottage  nestled  in  its  tiny  garden,  the  wild,  bare 
pastures  with  their  circular  stone  folds  in  which 
to  shelter  the  sheep  from  the  driving  storms, 
the  banks  of  purple  heather,  the  clear  running 
streams,  all  were  full  of  beauty  and  poetry. 
The  train  was  late  at  Melrose,  and  the  visits  to 
Abbotsford  and  Dryburgh  were  all  too  hurried, 
but  the  party  made  the  most  of  what  they  saw, 
and  many  decided  it  to  be  the  most  enjoyable  of 
all  days.  A  hasty  race  across  the  long  foot- 
bridge at  Melrose  to  catch  a  tardy  train  was 
fortunately  successful,  and  at  a  late  hour  the 
happy,  tired  travellers  were  distributed  among 
their  respective  hotels  in  Edinburgh,  where  a 
good  night's  sleep  prepared  them  for  the  fol- 
lowing day.  What  each  one  did  on  Sunday  it 
would  be  impossible  to  tell.  Early  church,  late 
church,  St.  Giles,  the  Castle,  Arthur's  Seat  and 
Salisbury  Crag,  Calton  Hill  and  Holyrood, 
were  all  visited.  One  interesting  discovery  was 
made  in  Grey  Friars'  Churchyard.  On  the  large 
stone  commemorating  those  who  had  suffered 
for  conscience's  sake,  a  real  see  also  was  found, 
in  a  reference  for  further  information  to  several 
named  authors  and  their  works. 

Monday  at  10  a.m.  the  clan  was  gathered  in 
the  museum  of  the  Municipal  Buildings  under 
the  leadership  of  Mr.  Morrison,  librarian  of  the 
public  library,  Mr.  Ferguson,  and  other  friends, 
and  shown  through  the  church  of  St.  Giles,  the 
Parliament  House  with  its  law  courts,  its  great 
hall,  its  Advocates'  Library  of  over  300,000 
volumes,  and  the  Signet  Library  of  over  65,000 
volumes,  then  to  the  Castle,  with  its  many  places 
of  historic  interest  and  its  superb  situation,  then 
down  High  street,  past  the  site  of  the  "  Heart  of 
Midlothian,"  John  Knox's  house,  and  the  Tron 
church,  to  Holyrood.  Here  another  halt  was 
made,  the  beautiful  chapel  examined,  and  the 
palace  explored,  the  party  being  shown  by  ex- 
press permission  through  the  Queen's  private 
apartments.  Then  came  a  delightful  drive 


around  Arthur's  Seat,  a  return  through  some 
other  parts  of  the  old  city  which  had  not  been 
previously  seen,  and  a  hurried  visit  to  a  mag- 
nificent new  hall  arranged  principally  for  con- 
certs, in  which  are  placed  four  organs.  At 
about  three  o'clock  the  party  alighted  at  the 
beautiful  library  building,  a  gift  to  the  city 
from  Andrew  Carnegie,  and  found  a  most  satis- 
factory feast  awaiting  them  in  the  handsome 
reference-room.  In  the  absence  of  the  Lord 
Provost,  who  was  attending  to  the  King  of 
Siam,  Bailie  Gulland  presided,  and  after  the 
feast  the  usual  toasts  to  the  Queen  and  Presi- 
dent were  given,  followed  by  expressions  of 
good-will  from  both  the  Scots  and  Americans. 
Luncheon  over,  the  brakes  were  again  at  the 
door  for  a  most  charming  drive  of  over  nine 
miles  (much  of  the  way  by  special  permission 
through  Lord  Rosebery's  park)  to  the  great 
Frith  of  Forth  bridge.  A  tug  took  the  party  half 
way  across  the  Frith,  and  immediately  under  the 
bridge,  which  is  a  mile  long,  and  then  gradually 
a  slight  idea  of  its  magnitude  dawned  upon 
them.  The  drive  back  to  Edinburgh  was  by 
another  route,  and  on  arriving  there  it  was 
necessary  to  exchange  farewells  and  thanks. 

STIRLING  TO   GLASGOW. 

Seven  o'clock  Tuesday  morning  found  the 
procession  again  on  the  move  for  Stirling  Cas- 
tle, which  was  reached  a  little  after  eight,  and 
thoroughly  invested  and  investigated.  Then 
on  to  Callander  by  train,  where  the  brakes 
were  taken  for  the  Trossachs.  Each  one  re- 
members the  beauty  of  that  ride,  and  the  trip 
over  Loch  Katrine  ;  and  who  will  forget  the 
wonderful  swing  of  the. kilt  of  the  bagpiper  as 
he  marched  beside  the  coaches  with  a  dignity 
comparable  only  to  that  of  a  drum-major? 
From  Loch  Katrine  to  Loch  Lomond  was  beau- 
tiful, but  a  change  had  come  over  the  spirit  of  the 
weather,  and  when  Loch  Lomond  was  reached 
the  rain  began  to  fall,  and  only  glimpses  of  the 
wonderful  beauty  of  the  scene  could  be  had 
from  under  the  shelter  of  umbrellas. 

GLASGOW. 

The  party  was  met  at  the  landing  at  Loch 
Lomond  by  Mr.  Barrett,  librarian  of  the  Mitch- 
ell Library  of  Glasgow,  who,  with  his  cordial 
companions,  did  much  to  enliven  the  watery 
voyage.  Glasgow  was  reached  that  evening, 
and  marching  orders  received  for  the  next  day. 
That  strictly  business  methods  prevail  in  this 
fine  city  was  strikingly  shown  by  the  program 
for  Tuesday,  issued  on  the  arrival  of  the  visi- 
tors, on  which  not  only  the  exact  place,  hour, 
and  minute  were  noted,  but  a  list  of  streets 
through  which  they  were  to  pass,  and  the  order 
in  which  the  carriages  were  to  be  driven.  So  a 
little  before  9  on  Wednesday  morning  all  were 
ready  to  start,  and  though  the  clouds  wept  and 
continued  to  weep  all  the  morning,  the  comfort- 
able carriages  provided  were  dry  and  cosey, 
and  the  visitors  saw  enough  of  Glasgow  to 
realize  how  fine  a  city  it  is.  The  first  visit  was 
to  the  great  Mitchell  Library,  where  the  circu- 
lation is  over  half  a  million,  and  the  number  of 


692 


THE  LIBRARV  JOURNAL 


\November,  '97 


readers  much  larger.  Mr.  Barrett,  the  libra- 
rian, showed  with  just  pride  the  workings  of 
the  institution  and  the  great  reading-room, 
where  hundreds  are  constantly  reading  books 
and  magazines.  Then  to  Stirling's  and  Glas- 
gow Public  Library,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Patterson, 
to  Baillie's  Institution  Free  Library  in  charge 
of  Mr.  Simpson,  and  then  to  the  cathedral, 
which  was  shown  by  Mr.  Chalmers,  architect, 
who  pointed  out  its  monuments,  beauties,  and 
peculiar  construction  in  a  clear  and  able  man- 
ner. From  the  cathedral  to  the  grand  City 
Chambers,  thence  through  the  beautiful  West 
End  Park  to  the  magnificent  buildings  of  the 
university,  where  the  University  Library,  with 
more  than  100,000  volumes,  and  the  most  in- 
teresting parts  of  the  buildings  were  inspected, 
and  the  famous  Hunterian  Museum  was  visited, 
in  charge  of  Dr.  Young.  An  hour  only  was 
devoted  to  glimpses  of  the  riches  contained  in 
these  collections,  and  then  the  line  of  march 
was  taken  to  the  Windsor  Hotel,  where  a  sub- 
stantial lunch  was  waiting.  The  Lord  Provost 
presided.  The  usual  toasts  and  kind  remarks 
followed.  As  this  was  to  be  the  last  formal  re- 
ception of  the  American  party,  an  added  note  of 
heartiness  was  expressed  by  the  speakers  in 
their  farewell  remarks,  and  a  warm  apprecia- 
tion voiced  by  the  Americans  of  all  the  wealth 
of  kindness  and  courtesy  shown  them  by  their 
English  and  Scotch  cousins. 

At  1.30  the  Americans  were  driven  to  the  sta- 
tion, and  then  came  the  breaking  up  and  disper- 
sion of  the  party,  which  had  journeyed  together 
so  pleasantly  for  nearly  seven  weeks.  Some 
were  to  remain  still  longer  and  revel  in  the  beau- 
ties of  Scotland,  England,  and  the  Continent,  and 
only  24  turned  their  faces  homeward.  At  Liv- 
erpool a  number,  with  the  travelling  habit 
still  strong  upon  them,  went  to  Chester  and 
delighted  their  eyes  with  a  sight  of  its  quaint 
rows,  walls,  and  cathedral.  Others  found  time 
for  the  Art  Gallery  and  Library  in  Liverpool, 
and  Mr.  Cowell,  of  the  Liverpool  Library,  was 
the  last  to  wave  farewell  as  the  Scythia  left  the 
wharf. 

HOMEWARD  BOUND. 

Of  the  voyage  home  little  need  be  said,  but 
that  little  emphatic  in  dispraise  of  the  Cunard 
Co.  for  retaining  such  a  steamer  in  the  passen- 
ger service,  and  taking  good  money  for  the 
tortures  suffered  on  board.  All  state-rooms  are 
in  the  stern,  immediately  over  the  machinery, 
and  when,  as  happened  in  this  case,  the  weather 
is  rough,  the  screw  is  out  of  the  water  about 
one-fourth  of  the  time,  and  sleep  is  impossible. 
A  fellow-sufferer  sends  this  characterization 
from  Kipling,  which  is  perfect : 

"  A  ram-you-damn-yqu  liner 
With  a  pair  of  bucking  screws." 

On  the  morning  of  August  23  the  party 
landed  in  Boston,  coming  safely  through  the 
perils  of  the  Custom  House,  and  each  one  took 
his  or  her  way  home,  happy  in  the  memory  of  a 
most  rich  and  delightful  experience  and  glad 
once  more  to  be  on  native  soil. 


THE  CHICAGO  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

THE  fine  new  building  of  the  Chicago  Public 
Library  was  formally  opened  on  the  evening  of 
Oct.  9,  or  "Chicago  day, "the  26th  anniversary 
of  the  great  fire,  when  a  largely-attended  re- 
ception, with  appropriate  exercises,  was  held 
in  the  beautiful  delivery-room.  Addresses  were 
made  by  Charles  Thornton,  corporation  counsel 
of  Chicago,  by  A.  F.  Hirsch,  president  of  the 
board  of  trustees,  and  by  Rev.  Dr.  E.  G.  Hirsch, 
and  the  building  was  inspected  by  throngs  of 
admiring  citizens,  visitors  being  guided  by  the 
library  staff,  who  explained  the  various  depart- 
ments and  their  fittings.  On  Monday,  Oct.  n, 
the  library  opened  for  business,  and  since  then 
the  regular  routine  has  been  carried  on,  al- 
though the  final  fittings  and  arrangements  of 
the  building  are  still  to  be  completed. 

The  building,  which  has  been  in  process  of 
erection  for  about  five  years  past,  has  cost 
nearly  $2,000,000,  and  must  rank  as  on«  of  the 
finest  library  structures  in  the  United  States. 
Its  cost  was  met  by  legislation  permitting  a 
special  library  tax,  from  which  a  gross  annual 
appropriation  of  $500,000  was  made  available 
for  a  period  of  six  years,  a  sum,  however,  that 
sustained  considerable  shrinkage  on  account  of 
uncollected  taxes.  Now  that  the  building  is 
completed,  a  one-mill  tax  is  authorized,  which, 
will  result  in  an  annual  income  of  about  $240,- 
ooo.  The  site  was  chosen  by  the  aldermen  on 
April  2,  1890,  and  the  foundations  were  laid  in 
1893.  The  building  is  located  on  Dearborn 
Park,  formerly  occupied  by  the  Fort  Dearborn 
Military  Post,  and  it  gives  house-room  to  the 
local  G.  A.  R.  —  which  occupies  a  fine  separate 
series  of  rooms,  on  a  5O-year  lease  —  as  well  as 
to  the  library. 

The  ground-plan  is  rectangular,  the  eastern 
side  fronting  on  Michigan  avenue,  and  the 
northern  and  southern  bounded  respectively  by 
Randolph  and  Washington  streets.  In  style 
the  building  is  massive,  severe,  and  imposing, 
of  gray  Bedford  stone,  smooth  finished,  but  the 
interior  has  been  decorated  with  lavish  richness, 
and  elaborate  care  has  been  given  to  all  details. 
The  accompanying  plans  and  view  make  clear 
the  arrangement  of  the  building. 

The  main  entrance  is  at  Washington  street, 
where  a  great  arch  with  magnificent  bronze 
grille  work  and  decorations  leads  into  a  2O-foot 
vestibule,  on  either  side  of  which  are  two  ele- 
vators, while  in  front  is  the  grand  stairway,  15 
feet  broad,  leading  to  the  delivery-room  on  the 
second  floor.  A  second  entrance  is  given  on  the 
Randolph  street  side,  which  is  a  simple  portico 
with  doric  columns.  The  first  floor  is  chiefly 
given  up  to  the  administrative  work  of  the 
library.  It  contains  the  two  delivery  station 
rooms,  where  books  are  received  from  and  given 
out  to  the  delivery  wagons  ;  a  telephone-room  ; 
the  staff  bicycle-room  ;  the  repair-room  ;  a 
large  room,  now  given  up  to  public  documents, 
but  in  which  a  bindery  may  some  day  be  in- 
stalled; a  room  in  which  the  department  for  the 
blind  will  be  placed,  and  the  bound  newspaper 
room.  A  mezzanine  floor  gives  accommodation  to 
the  two  well-lighted  cataloging  rooms,  which  are 
directly  under  the  librarian's  office  and  over  the 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


693 


repair-room  and  bindery,  are  fitted  with  a  book 
elevator  and  telephones,  have  direct  communi- 
cation with  the  stacks,  and  are  connected  by 
a  stairway  with  the  librarian's  office  and  the 
ground  floor.  On  the  other  side  are  the  janitors' 
and  watchmen's  quarters. 

On  the  second  floor  the  south  end  is  given  up 
to  the  great  delivery-room,  136x49  feet  in  dia- 
meter, rich  in  mural  decorations,  mosaic  work, 
and  beautiful  fittings,  lighted  by  the  large  centre 
dome,  and  backing  directly  upon  the  three- 
storied  steel  stack-room,  with  its  immediate 
shelving  capacity  of  360,000  v.  Occupying  the 
north  half  of  this  floor  is  the  G.  A.  R.  Memorial 
Hall,  the  remaining  space  being  given  up  to  a 
registry-room,  business  office,  order  department, 
and  librarian's  room. 

The  third  floor  is  chiefly  devoted  to  the  beau- 
tiful reading-room,  140  feet  long,  55  feet  wide, 
and  33  feet  high,  extending  along  the  entire 
northern  front,  and  lighted  from  all  sides;  con- 
necting with  this  is  the  reference-room,  139x39, 
well  lighted,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  176,  and 
shelving  for  2000  v.,  to  which  free  access  is 
given.  On  this  floor  also  are  the  public  catalog- 
room,  a  reference  stack-room,  special  study- 
room,  and  a  periodical  stack-room.  The  top 
floor  contains  an  art  department  of  three  rooms 
—  reading-room  and  two  stack  rooms,  and  sev- 
eral rooms  to  which  no  definite  purpose  has  yet 
been  assigned;  while  the  basement  is  devoted  to 
the  heating,  lighting,  and  ventilating  apparatus, 
vaults  for  storage,  etc. 

Including  the  shelving  in  all  departments,  the 
total  book  capacity  of  the  library  is  2,000,000 
v.,  though  present  arrangements  are  made  for 
but  300,000  v.  The  hours  of  opening  for  the 
circulating  department  are  from  9  a.m.  to  8.30 
p.m.,  except  Sunday  ;  for  the  reading  and 
reference  departments,  9  a.m.  to  10  p.m.  On 
Sunday  these  latter  departments  are  open  from 
9  a.m.  to  6  p.m.  

A    LIBRARY    LEAGUE    AT    THE    PREN- 
DERGAST  LIBRARY. 

THE  Prendergast  Library  of  Jamestown,  N. 
Y.,  has  followed  the  example  set  at  Cleveland, 
by  establishing  a  Library  League,  which  was 
started  in  the  latter  part  of  October.  A  chil- 
dren's room  was  evolved  out  of  what  was  for- 
merly the  trustees'  room,  and  it  was  first  opened 
on  the  league  day,  when  a  children's  reception 
was  held  for  one  afternoon.  The  room  was 
decorated  with  autumn  leaves;  there  were  pict- 
ures on  the  walls  ;  open  shelves  were  filled 
with  about  300  selected  books,  classed  under 
such  headings  as  "  How  to  make  things," 
"Stories  about  people,"  "Fairy  stories,"  "In- 
dians," "  Stories  of  war,  soldiers  and  sail- 
ors," etc. ;  while  the  new  low  chairs  were 
grouped  invitingly  about  the  small  oak  tables, 
on  which  lay  children's  magazines.  Near  the 
entrance  was  hung  a  framed  copy  of  the  honor 
roll  of  the  Library  League.  Over  1000  children 
attended  the  opening,  and  all  seemed  interested 
and  enthusiastic  in  the  league  project.  The 
establishment  of  the  children's  room  and  the 
league  had  been  announced  by  Miss  Hazeltine 


before  the  opening  at  the  various  private  and 
public  schools,  so  that  there  was  general  antici- 
pation among  the  children,  and  the  success  of 
both  has  been  assured  from  the  beginning.  The 
Maxson  book-mark  has  been  adopted  for  use  in 
the  children's  department. 


THE  CONGRESSIONAL  LIBRARY. 

ON  Nov.  i,  according  to  the  promise  made  by 
Mr.  Young,  the  new  Congressional  Library  was 
opened  for  readers.  The  great  reading-room 
was  completely  equipped  and  ready  for  busi- 
ness, and  the  departments,  except  those  of 
fine  art  and  music,  were  also  in  readiness. 
About  350,000  v.  were  in  place  on  the  shelves 
at  the  date  of  opening.  It  is  intended  to  make 
the  reading-room  a  place  for  readers  rather 
than  for  sightseers,  and  on  the  opening  day, 
in  addition  to  the  large  sign,  "For  library 
readers  only,"  hung  at  the  entrance,  a  watch- 
man was  stationed  at  the  door  to  make  inquiry 
of  visitors  whether  they  came  to  read  or  to  in- 
spect. Only  the  former  were  admitted.  Read- 
ers were  waiting  admittance  at  nine  o'clock, 
when  the  doors  opened,  and  the  attendance 
during  the  day  was  large,  despite  unfavor- 
able weather.  The  working  of  the  book-carry- 
ing machinery  proved  satisfactory,  and  it  is 
stated  that  the  time  consumed  in  securing  a 
book  from  any  stack  or  "  deck  "  is  less  than  five 
minutes.  The  call-slip  is  filled  in  by  the  reader 
and  handed  to  the  attendant,  who  slips  it  in  a 
pneumatic  tube  connected  with  the  stack  where 
the  book  wanted  is  shelved,  at  the  same  time 
pressing  a  button  to  notify  the  stack  attendant 
that  an  order  is  on  the  way.  At  the  stack  the 
order  is  received,  a  return  message  sent  by 
pressing  a  button,  and  the  book  deposited  in 
the  carrier  apparatus  and  started  on  the  journey 
to  the  reading-room.  On  the  first  day  but  one 
slight  mishap  was  reported  to  a  single  carrier. 
A  number  of  volumes  were  sent  on  this  day  to 
the  Capitol  by  means  of  the  underground  book 
railway,  which  proved  thoroughly  effective  and 
satisfactory.  The  library  hours  are  now  from 
nine  a.m.  to  10  p.m.,  and  it  has  been  decided 
to  have  the  building  open  on  Thanksgiving 
day  and  other  holidays.  Possibly  Sunday 
opening  will  follow. 

The  reading-room  for  the  blind  has  already 
proved  its  usefulness,  and  though  it  contains 
as  yet  but  comparatively  few  volumes,  its  use  is 
steadily  increasing.  It  is  in  charge  of  Miss 
Etta  Giffen.  The  plans  for  its  development 
include  a  series  of  free  readings,  to  be  given 
for  an  hour  every  afternoon,  for  the  pleasure 
and  instruction  of  its  special  class  of  users. 

The  estimates  to  be  submitted  by  the  Libra- 
rian of  Congress  for  the  next  fiscal  year  have 
been  nearly  completed  by  Mr.  Young.  They 
include  a  request  for  a  second  assistant  libra- 
rian at  $3000  per  year,  and  for  an  appropri- 
ation of  $10,000  for  the  purchase  of  books  in- 
stead of  the  $4000  heretofore  appropriated. 

Perhaps  the  episode  in  connection  with  the 
new  building,  which  has  attracted  most  general 
recent  attention,  was  the  discovery  of  the  omis- 
sion of  Thomas  Moore  from  among  the  poets 


694 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


whose  names  are  inscribed  on  the  walls  of  the 
building — an  omission  that  aroused  the  light- 
nings of  the  Hibernian  societies,  and  created  a 
general  tempest  in  a  teapot  in  the  columns  of  the 
press.  In  the  Washington  Times  of  Oct.  6  Mr. 
Spofford  gave  a  simple  statement  of  the  matter, 
that  should  have  put  a  quietus  upon  the  pro- 
tests and  the  fiery  and  generally  inaccurate 
paragraphs  regarding  the  "  omission."  He 
said:  "  No  attempt  was  or  could  be  made  to 
inscribe  a  catalog  of  even  the  most  eminent 
poets  upon  the  walls  of  the  library,  from  obvious 
want  of  space.  As  to  British  poets  and  their 
relative  merits,  while  no  agreement  in  opinions 
can  be  expected,  the  few  for  whose  names  room 
could  be  found  are  writers  ranked  among  the 
foremost  by  the  verdict  of  successive  genera-* 
tions  of  readers.  It  is  no  detraction  from  the 
merits  of  Moore  or  Cowper  or  Dryden,  that 
they  are  not  found  inscribed,  any  more  than  it 
detracts  from  the  merit  of  Hume  that  Gibbon 
was  chosen  for  a  statue  of  a  great  historian. 
Still  less  is  there  any  cause  to  misrepresent  the 
choice  as  '  a  studied  attempt  to  insult  Irish- 
men '  by  omitting  Moore  and  Davis,  and  '  giv- 
ing prominence  to  Froude  and  others  who  have 
libelled  Ireland  and  her  sons.'  The  name  of 
Froude  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  building." 

THE  KANSAS  CITY  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

ON  Sept.  i  the  new  building  of  the  Kansas 
City  (Mo.)  Public  Library  was  formally  opened, 
through  the  medium  of  a  public  reception,  held 
for  two  successive  days  from  9  a.m.  to  10  p.m. 
During  this  time  nearly  20,000  citizens  inspected 
the  building,  which  was  beautifully  decorated 
with  palms  and  cut  flowers.  Music  was  fur- 
nished, and  visitors  were  received  by  the  mem- 
bers of  the  board  of  education  and  their  wives, 
and  by  the  librarian,  Mrs.  C.  W.  Whitney. 
The  assistants  acted  as  guides  in  the  different 
departments,  and  the  high  school  cadets  served 
as  ushers. 

Those  familiar  with  the  history  of  the  Kansas 
City  Public  Library  fully  appreciate  all  the  new 
building  means  as  the  happy  ending  of  a  long 
struggle  with  insufficient  support  and  lack  of  ac- 
commodation. The  library  was  started  in  1877, 
and  its  growth  has  been  slow  and  hampered, 
but  by  persistent  effort  a  solid  foundation  of 
30,000  volumes  has  been  laid,  and  in  the  new 
building  it  is  assured  of  a  prosperous  and  use- 
ful future. 

The  decision  that  a  new  building  was  a  neces- 
sity was  reached  by  the  board  of  education  — 
which  acts  also  as  the  library  board  —  in  the 
winter  of  1893.  The  matter  was  taken  up  by 
the  Commercial  Club  and  vigorously  urged,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1894  the  question  of  voting  an  ap- 
propriation of  $200,000  for  the  purpose  was  sub- 
mitted to  the  people  and  was  carried  by  a  large 
majority.  The  site  of  the  building  cost  $30,000 
additional;  plans  were  accepted  in  the  latter 
part  of  1895  and  work  was  begun  in  the  spring 
of  1896.  The  building  is  located  on  a  lot  with 
a  frontage  of  132  feet  and  a  depth  of  144  feet. 
A  broad  vestibule  gives  entrance  to  the  rotunda, 
at  the  end  of  which  is  the  delivery-counter  and 
the  stack-room,  made  by  the  Fenton  Company, 


with  a  capacity  for  125,000  volumes.  Opening 
into  the  rotunda  are  the  reading-room,  catalog- 
ing-room,  reference-rooms,  assistant  librarian's 
office,  children's  room  and  the  reception-room, 
making  it  possible  for  the  librarian  to  oversee 
each  department.  The  most  pleasing  feature 
of  the  new  building  is  the  children's  room,  a 
large,  airy  southeast  room,  wherein  all  the 
juvenile  books  and  periodicals  are  found,  and 
where  the  children  may  select  the  books  from 
the  shelves.  Portraits  of  authors  and  other 
prominent  people  are  mounted  on  cardboard, 
and  are  exhibited  on  anniversary  days.  This 
room  is  in  charge  of  a  trained  assistant. 

On  the  second  floor  is  a  special  room  for  the 
high  school  students,  a  woman's  club  room,  and 
several  reference-rooms,  together  with  the  of- 
fices of  the  Board  of  Education.  In  the  base- 
ment is  a  fully-equipped  bindery,  under  the 
management  of  the  librarian. 

The  most  important  step  in  connection  with 
the  new  building  was  the  decision,  made  in 
August  of  this  year,  that  after  Jan.  i,  1898,  the 
low  membership  fee  hitherto  charged  should  be 
abolished  and  the  library  should  be  entirely  free 
to  the  public.  It  is  also  planned  to  establish 
delivery  stations  in  several  outlying  school- 
houses,  and  to  increase  the  purchase  of  books 
as  largely  as  possible  during  the  next  few 
months.  A  number  of  gifts  have  been  received 
since  the  installation  in  the  new  building. 


Association  of  ttye  Hniteb 

Ixingbom. 


TWENTIETH    ANNUAL     CONFERENCE,    LON- 
DON, OCT.  20-22,  1897. 

THE  20th  annual  meeting  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K. 
was  held  in  the  rooms  of  the  Society  of  Arts, 
London,  during  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and 
Friday,  Oct.  20-22.  Naturally,  any  general 
meeting  of  the  association  came  rather  as  an 
anti-climax  after  the  great  International  Con- 
ference of  July,  but  the  association  was  unwill- 
ing to  let  the  Jubilee  year  pass  over  without  the 
usual  annual  meeting,  more  especially  as  it 
marked  the  2Oth  anniversary  of  its  foundation. 

The  first  session,  on  Wednesday  morning, 
was  opened  with  the  address  of  the  president, 
Mr.  H.  R.  Tedder,  which  was  an  historical 
sketch  of  the  development  of  the  L.  A.  U.  K. 
during  the  past  20  years,  and  of  the  correspond- 
ing progress  in  library  affairs.  The  recent 
International  Conference  was  duly  noted,  and 
the  pending  change  in  the  organization  of  the 
association,  by  which  it  would  become  an  in- 
corporated body,  was  mentioned  as  giving  op- 
portunity for  extended  and  effective  work. 
Private  book-collecting  also  had  attention,  and 
an  excellent  summary  was  given  of  the  quali- 
ties necessary  in  librarianship. 

The  report  submitted  by  the  council  stated 
that  since  September,  1896,  18  places  had 
adopted  the  public  libraries  acts  ;  during  the 
year  delegates  had  been  appointed  to  promote 
a  superannuation  bill  for  municipal  officials  ; 
the  necrology  included  Robert  Harrison,  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  association,  Mr.  Archer, 


November,  "97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


695 


late  librarian  of  the  National  Library  of  Ire- 
land, and  J.  B.  Bailey,  former  librarian  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Surgeons.  The  announce- 
ment of  the  resignation  of  J.  Y.  W.  MacAlister, 
honorary  secretary,  was  acknowledged  with 
deep  regret. 

Dr.  Garnett  spoke  briefly  of  the  character 
and  work  of  Panizzi,  in  recognition  of  the 
Panizzi  centenary.  Mr.  Sidney  Webb  treated 
"  The  functions  of  the  public  library  in  respect 
to  political  science,"  stating  that  as  the  igth 
century  had  been  the  century  of  natural  science, 
the  2Oth  century  would  probably  prove  the  cen- 
tury of  political  science,  and  urging  that  public 
libraries  should  occupy  themselves  in  collecting 
materials  for  this  study,  and  make  themselves  the 
future  museums  of  sociology.  Mr.  Welch,  Mr. 
F.  T.  Barrett,  Dr.  Garnett,  and  others  contrib- 
uted to  an  interesting  discussion  of  the  subject. 

"The  public  library  and  the  schools"  was 
discussed  by  Mr.  Ballinger,  of  Cardiff  Public 
Library.  "The  durability  of  modern  book  pa- 
pers "was  considered  by  J  Y.  W.  MacAlister, 
and  in  the  ensuing  discussion  H.  B.  Wheatley 
explained  the  investigation  of  the  subject  un- 
dertaken by  a  committee  of  the  Society  of  Arts. 

In  the  afternoon  Cyril  Davenport,  of  the 
British  Museum,  dealt  with  "  Library  bindings  " 
in  a  useful  and  practical  manner;  W.  H.  K. 
Wright,  of  Plymouth  Free  Public  Library,  gave 
some  interesting  "  Reminiscences  of  the  Li- 
brary Association,  1877-97";  T.  Mason  de- 
scribed "  Local  prints  and  records  of  a  London 
parish  (St.  Martin-in-the-Fields) "  ;  J.  Potter 
Briscoe,  of  Nottingham,  contributed  an  account 
of  "The  Bergen  Public  Library,"  the  largest 
free  library  in  Scandinavia  ;  and  H.  D.  Roberts, 
of  St.  Saviour's  Public  Library,  explained  a 
"System  of  issuing  periodicals  in  the  reading- 
room." 

At  Thursday's  morning  session  the  first  pa- 
per was  "On  the  conduct  of  a  scientific  so- 
ciety," by  R.  Steele,  assistant  secretary  of  the 
Chemical  Society,  in  which  he  cited  as  chief 
problems  the  choice  of  books,  the  storing  of 
elementary  text-books,  and  the  question  of 
ephemeral  and  obsolete  literature.  Three  pa- 
pers by  advocates  of  the  Dewey  decimal  classi- 
fication followed  —  "Notes  on  shelf-classifica- 
tion," by  T.  W.  Lyster,  "The  Dewey  notation 
and  some  recent  criticisms,"  by  Stanley  Jast, 
and  "  The  decimal  classification  and  relative  lo- 
cation," 'by  R.  A.  Peddie.  An  animated  dis- 
cussion followed. 

"  The  national  libraries  of  France  and  Great 
Britain  and  their  catalogs  "  were  described  by 
Mr.  McFarlane,  of  the  British  Museum,  who 
was  followed  by  R.  K.  Dent  with  a  paper  en- 
titled "  Titles,  or  traps  for  the  unwary,"  in 
which  were  pointed  out  the  frequent  misleading 
adoption  of  different  titles  for  the  same  book. 
The  advantages  of  "  Public  library  bulletins" 
were  urged  by  F.  A.  Turner,  of  Brentford,  who 
quoted  some  opinions  to  show  that  the  printed 
catalog  as  now  issued  was  doomed,  and  that 
the  reading  public  was  better  served  by  receiv- 
ing at  frequent  intervals  cheaply  printed  lists  of 
additions.  Mr.  Thomas  Formby,  sub-librarian 
of  the  Liverpool  Public  Library,  spoke  with 


authority  on  "  Public  reference  library  experi- 
ences," and  discussed  the  problem  of  helping 
readers,  the  treatment  of  complaints,  the  tech- 
nicalities of  cataloging,  and  the  training  of  boy 
assistants.  E.  Wyndham  Hulme,  librarian  of 
the  Patent  Office,  gave  an  interesting  account 
of  "English  patent  law,"  tracing  the  birth  of 
industrial  monopolies  on  the  Continent,  the 
origin  of  the  Elizabethan  industrial  monopolies 
and  the  history  of  patent  law  to  the  rise  of  the 
patent  specification  in  the  i8th  century.  Mr. 
Cotgreave,  of  West  Ham,  in  "A  subject  in- 
dex to  English  literature,"  described  the  elab- 
orate compilation  upon  which  he  is  now  occu- 
pied. In  the  evening  a  conversazione  was  held 
in  the  gallaries  of  the  Royal  Institute  of 
Painters  in  Water  Colours,  Piccadilly. 

On  Friday  morning  F.  T.  Barrett,  of  the 
Mitchell  Library,  Glasgow,  in  the  form  of 
"  Brief  notes  on  some  minor  matters  in  library 
practice,"  offered  practical  suggestions  on  the 
repairing  of  books,  the  keeping  of  unbound 
parts  of  periodicals,  marks  for  identification, 
special  designs  for  end  papers,  labels,  and 
stamps.  A  discussion  followed,  in  which  nu- 
merous questions  were  put  to  and  answered  by 
Mr.  Barrett.  "The  progress  of  library  work 
in  villages  "  was  the  subject  of  a  paper  by  Sir 
Edmund  Verney,  who  spoke  of  what  had  been 
done  at  Middle  Claydon,  Bucks.  In  the  course 
of  the  discussion  Mr.  J.  R.  Boos6,  of  the  Royal 
Colonial  Institute,  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  the  agents-general  for  the  colonies  would, 
on  application,  supply  village  libraries  with 
books  about  Greater  Britain.  "The  need  of 
endowed  scholarships  in  the  training  of  librari- 
ans "  was  presented  by  Frank  Campbell,  of  the 
British  Museum.  Joseph  Gilburt,  of  Day's  Li- 
brary, had  a  paper  on  "  Fiction:  some  hard  facts 
about  it,"  vigorously  condemning  slum-fiction 
and  tenth-rate  novels.  Attention  was  drawn 
to  "Some  old  treartses  on  libraries  and  librari- 
ans' work,"  by  Mr.  A.  Clarke,  assistant  libra- 
rian, Royal  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Society, 
and  the  question  of  "  The  statistics  of  English 
publishing  and  the  need  of  an  official  bibliog- 
raphy "  was  taken  up  by  W.  E.  A.  Axon,  who 
urged  the  necessity  of  a  complete  register  of 
all  books  and  pamphlets  issued  in  the  United 
Kingdom.  Mr.  Wheatley  and  President  Ted- 
der took  part  in  the  discussion  that  followed, 
the  latter  referring  to  certain  proposals  on  the 
subject  made  by  him  in  a  paper  read  before  the 
Bibliographical  Society.  Basil  Anderton  gave 
some  instances  of  "  The  value  of  forgotten 
volumes."  "  The  Birmingham  Old  Library  " 
was  described  by  C.  E.  Scarse;  Frank  Curzon 
had  an  informing  paper  on  "  Yorkshire  village 
libraries";  and  Herbert  Batsford  contributed 
some  valuable  "Suggestions  on  the  formation 
of  a  small  library  of  books  on  ornament  and  the 
decorative  arts,"  in  which  he  also  mentioned  the 
books  he  regarded  as  indispensable  in  a  refer- 
ence library,  as  well  as  those  desirable  as  rep- 
resenting special  art  industries. 

In  the  evening  the  annual  dinner  took  place 
at  the  Hotel  Cecil,  at  which  Mr.  Tedder  pre- 
sided, and  Dr.  Garnett  and  Mr.  Leslie  Stephen 
spoke. 


696 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


American  fcibrarp  Association. 

President:  Justin  Winsor,  Harvard  University 
Library,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Secretary:  Melvil  Dewey,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, Albany. 

Treasurer:  Gardner  M.  Jones,  Public  Library, 
Salem,  Mass. 

TRANSACTIONS  OF  EXECUTIVE  BOARD. 

THE  executive  board  of  the  A.  L.  A.  met  at 
the  Clarendon  Hotel,  Oxford,  England,  July 
24.  Present :  President  Justin  Winsor,  Vice- 
Presidents  F:  M.  Crunden  and  Hannah  P. 
James,  Secretary  Melvil  Dewey,  and  Treasurer 
Gardner  M.  Jones. 

The  secretary  and  recorder  were  authorized 
to  appoint  needed  assistants  for  their  work. 

Standing  committees  and  annual  reporters 
for  the  year  were  appointed,  according  to  the 
schedule  of  organization  following. 

The  president  and  secretary  were  made  the 
program  committee  for  the  Chautauqua  meet- 
ing ;  the  local  committee,  Miss  M.  Emogene 
Hazeltine,  James  Prendergast  Free  Library, 
Jamestown,  and  associates. 

It  was  voted  that  the  papers  so  far  as  prac- 
ticable be  printed  and  distributed  in  advance  of 
the  meeting  ;  that  all  papers  should  be  read  in 
advance  by  the  program  committee,  the  time 
being  limited  from  five  to  20  minutes. 

The  chief  two  topics  for  the  1898  meeting 
were  selected  as  "The  training  of  librarions 
and  assistants"  and  "The  library's  allied 
agencies  for  popular  education,"  with  special 
reference  to  the  Chautauqua  system,  reading 
circles,  study  clubs,  correspondence  schools, 
extension  courses  and  similar  educational  agen- 
cies outside  the  public  school  and  the  public 
library. 

It  was  voted  that  there,  shall  be,  as  at  the 
Philadelphia  meeting,  an  Elementary  Section 
and  a  College  and  Reference  Library  Section 
for  topics  specially  pertaining  to  those  respec- 
tive fields. 

The  secretary  was  directed  to  express  in  the 
name  of  the  Association  its  thanks  to  the  nu- 
merous institutions  and  individuals  who  had 
done  so  much  to  make  the  visits  of  the  dele- 
gates to  the  International  Library  Conference 
memorable  for  hospitalities  and  courtesies  ex- 
tended. MELVIL  DEWEY,  Secretary, 

A.  L.  A.  ORGANIZATION,  1897-98. 

President:  Justin  Winsor,  Harvard  Univer- 
sity Library. 

Vice-presidents:  Rutherford  P.  Hayes,  Ohio 
State  Library,  Columbus,  O. ;  Hannah  P. 
James,  Osterhout  Free  Library,  Wilkesbarre, 
Pa. ;  Frederick  M.  Crunden,  Public  Library, 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Secretary :  Melvil  Dewey,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, Albany,  N.  Y. 

Treasurer :  Gardner  M.  Jones,  Public  Library, 
Salem,  Mass. 

Recorder :  Helen  E.  Haines,  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 
New  York  City. 

Executive  board :  The  President,  Ex-president 
(W.  H.  Brett,  Cleveland  Public  Library), 


Vice-presidents, 
Treasurer. 


Secretary,     Recorder,    and 


STANDING   COMMITTEES. 

Publishing  Section:  W:  C.  Lane,  Athenaeum, 
Boston  (for  three  years);  George  lies,  New 
York  City  (for  three  years);  W:  I.  Fletcher, 
Amherst  College  Library  (for  two  years);  R. 
R.  Bowker,  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  New  York 
City  (for  two  years);  Melvil  Dewey,  New 
York  State  Library  (for  one  year). 

Finance :  James  L.  Whitney,  Public  Library, 
Boston  ;  W:  E.  Foster,  Public  Library,  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.;  C:  K.  Bolton,  Public  Library, 
Brookline,  Mass. 

Co-operation :  C.  W.  Andrews,  John  Crerar  Li- 
brary, Chicago;  W:  H.  Brett,  Public  Library, 
Cleveland,  O.;  F.  H.  Hild,  Public  Library, 
Chicago  ;  A.  J.  Rudolph,  Newberry  Library, 
Chicago  ;  Mrs.  Z.  A.  Dixson,  Chicago  Uni- 
versity Library,  Chicago. 

Public  documents:  R.  R.  Bowker,  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  New  York  City,  and  associates. 

Foreign  documents :  C:  H.  Gould,  McGill  Uni- 
versity Library,  Montreal,  and  associates. 

Library  schools :  F:  M.  Crunden,  Public  Li- 
brary, St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  associates. 

Dr.  IV:  F:  Poole  Memorial  Fund:  F.  M.  Crun- 
den, Public  Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  J.  N. 
Wing,  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York 
City;  W:  I.  Fletcher,  Amherst  College  Li- 
brary; G:  E.  Wire,  Evanston,  111. 

Co-operation  with  Library  Department  of  N.  £. 
A.:  J:  C.  Dana,  Public  Library,  Denver,  Col., 
and  associates. 

Library  editions  of  popular  books:  T:  L.  Mont- 
gomery, Wagner  Institute,  Philadelphia  ;  C: 
R.  Dudley,  City  Library,  Denver  ;  C:  K. 
Bolton,  Public  Library,  Brookline,  Mass. ;  B. 
C.  Steiner,  Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library,  Balti- 
more, Md. ;  W.  T.  Peoples,  Mercantile  Li- 
brary, New  York  City. 

ANNUAL   REPORTERS   FOR    1898   MEETING. 
Gifts  and  bequests  :  Caroline  H.  Garland,  Dover 

(N.  H.)  Public  Library. 
Buildings :     William     E.    Foster,     Providence 

Public  Library. 
Legislation  and  state  aid :  Joseph  L.  Harrison, 

Providence  Athenaeum. 
Travelling  libraries  :  F.  A.  Hutchins,  secretary 

Free  Library  Commission,  Madison,  Wis. 
Catalogs    and  classification:    George    E.    Wire, 

Evanston,  111. 
Open  shelves:  John  Thomson,  Philadelphia  Free 

Library. 
Children's  rooms  and  reading:  Caroline  M.  Hew- 

ins,  Hartford  Public  Library. 
Branches  and  delivery:  H.  C.  Wellman,  Boston 

Public  Library. 

TRUSTEES   OF  THE  ENDOWMENT  FUND. 

Norman  Williams,  Chicago,  111.;  J.  C.  Hutch- 
ins,  Cleveland,  O.;  G.  W.  Williams,  Salem, 
Mass. 

A.    L.   A.    COUNCIL. 

Term  expires  1898  :  Mrs.  E.  M.  Fairchild,  New 
York  State  Library;  Hannah  P.  James,  Oster- 
hout Free  Library,  Wilkesbarre,  Pa. ;  J.  N. 
Lamed,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  Justin  Winsor,  Har- 
vard University  Library. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


697 


Term  expires  1899:  W:  C.  Lane,  Boston  Athe- 
naeum; Theresa  West  Elmendorf,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.;  Caroline  M.  Hewins,  Hartford  (Ct.) 
Public  Library;  Caroline  H.  Garland,  Dover 
(N.  H.)  Public  Library. 

Term  expires  1900:  E.  H.  Anderson,  Carnegie 
Free  Library,  Pittsburg  ;  Herbert  Putnam, 
Public  Library,  Boston  ;  Katharine  L.  Sharp, 
University  of  Illinois  Library,  Champaign  ; 
H:  M.  Utley,  Detroit  (Mich.)  Public  Library. 

Term  expires  1901  :  H:  J.  Carr,  Scranton 
(Pa.)  Public  Library;  J:  C.  Dana,  Denver 
(Col.)  Public  Library;  Melvil  Dewey,  New 
York  State  Library;  Mary  W.  Plummer, 
Pratt  Institute  Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Term  expires  1902 :  R:  R.  Bowker,  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL,  New  York  City  ;  C:  A.  Cutter, 
Forbes  Library,  Northampton,  Mass.;  W:  I. 
Fletcher,  Amherst  College  Library,  Mass. ; 
W:  E.  Foster,  Providence  (R.  I.)  Public  Li- 
brary. 

MEMORIAL  OF  DR.  W.  F.  POOLE. 

THE  bronze  bust  of  Dr.  Poole,  made  under 
the  direction  of  the  A.  L.  A.  committee  in 
charge  of  that  memorial,  will  shortly  be  com- 
pleted. The  clay  model  has  been  pronounced 
an  excellent  one,  but  the  first  casting  was  not  a 
success,  and  the  committee  was  obliged  to  or- 
der another  one.  The  second  casting  has  not 
yet  been  completed,  but  it  is  thought  that  it 
will  be  satisfactory.  The  bust  is  to  be  placed 
in  the  Chicago  Public  Library  as  a  memorial 
gift  of  the  American  Library  Association. 

A.  L.  A.  PUBLISHING  SECTION. 

PRINTED  ANALYTICAL  CARDS    FOR    SOCIETY    AND 
OTHER   SERIAL   PUBLICATIONS. 

WITH  the  co-operation  and  support  of  the 
Harvard  University,  Columbia  University,  Bos- 
ton Public,  John  Crerar,  and  New  York  Public 
Libraries,  the  Publishing  Section  will  begin  the 
issue  in  January,  1898,  of  printed  cards  for 
articles  contained  in  certain  current  society 
publications  and  other  scientific,  archaeological, 
historic,  and  economic  serials,  both  in  English 
and  in  foreign  languages.  The  list  of  publica- 
tions to  be  analyzed  will  be  printed  as  soon  as 
it  is  completed.  The  cards  will  differ  from 
those  now  issued  for  current  books  in  not  sug- 
gesting subject  headings,  references,  or  classi- 
fication numbers,  but  each  title  will  be  made 
sufficiently  explicit  by  the  addition  when  neces- 
sary of  a  note  or  of  explanatory  words  in 
brackets,  so  that  the  subject  of  the  article  shall 
be  clear. 

Two  cards  to  each  title  will  be  furnished,  one 
for  an  author  entry,  the  other  for  subject  entry. 
Upon  the  upper  margin  of  the  latter  may  be 
written  in  a  subject  heading  to  agree  with  the 
system  of  the  catalog  in  which  the  card  is  to  be 
inserted.  Additional  cards  may  be  had  at  a 
low  price  if  a  library  can  ordinarily  use  three, 
four,  or  more  cards  per  title  to  advantage. 

Subscriptions  will  be  received  either  (i)  for 
the  whole  set  of  cards  or  (2)  for  the  cards  for 
articles  in  specified  periodicals.  To  subscribers 
for  the  whole  set  the  price  will  be  not  more 


than  $1.50  per  100  cards,  or  3  cents  per 
title,  while  extra  cards  can  be  furnished  at 
40  cents  per  too.  To  subscribers  for  the 
cards  for  articles  in  specified  periodicals  the 
price  will  probably  be  not  more  than  $2.25 
per  zoo  cards  or  4^  cents  a  title,  with  extra 
cards  at  50  cents  per  100.  All  of  these  fig- 
ures will  be  reduced  if  a  large  enough  num- 
ber of  subscriptions  is  received,  and  it  may 
easily  result  that  the  cost  of  the  cards  will  not 
be  over  $i  per  100. 

From  loo  to  150  publications  will  be  analyzed 
to  begin  with,  and  from  3000  to  4000  titles  may 
be  expected  in  the  course  of  the  year. 

A  more  detailed  statement  will  be  printed 
shortly  and  distributed  to  all  likely  to  be  inter- 
ested. 

INDEX   TO   SUBJECT  HEADINGS. 

This  useful  book  having  been  now  for  some 
time  out  of  print,  the  Publishing  Section  will 
issue  a  new  and  revised  edition  to  be  edited  by 
Mr.  G.  M.  Jones  of  the  Salem  Public  Library, 
Mr.  C:  A.  Cutter  of  the  Forbes  Library,  North- 
ampton, and  by  Miss  Edith  D.  Fuller  of  the 
Episcopal  Theological  School  Library,  Cam- 
bridge, and  instructor  in  dictionary  cataloging 
at  the  Library  School,  Albany. 

All  who  have  used  the  book  are  asked  to 
send  in  to  Mr.  Jones  before  December  i  any 
corrections  and  additions  that  have  occurred  to 
them,  and  any  suggestions  they  may  like  to 
make  for  its  improvement. 

PORTRAIT  INDEX. 

The  work  on  this  is  well  under  way.  All  of 
Mr.  Samuel's  material  has  been  copied,  many 
offers  of  help  have  been  received,  and  cards 
from  collaborators  are  coming  in  daily.  But 
there  are  still  many  valuable  books  which  must 
not  be  omitted,  and  more  help  is  wanted  in 
order  to  bring  them  in. 

The  work  of  indexing  is  not  difficult,  and  any 
one  who  has  had  some  practice  in  library  work, 
particularly  in  dealing  with  proper  names  as  in 
cataloging,  will  find  it  interesting  and  pleasant. 
Co-operation  is  earnestly  requested  from  all 
who  can  spare  the  time.  Suggestions  of  books 
which  ought  to  be  indexed,  which  the  editor 
may  have  overlooked,  will  be  welcome.  It  is 
desired  to  get  all  the  material  collected  this 
winter  and  to  begin  to  print  next  summer.  Of- 
fers of  help  should  be  addressed  to  the  editor, 
Mr.  W.  C.  Lane  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum,  or 
to  Miss  Nina  E.  Browne,  assistant  secretary  of 
the  Publishing  Section,  at  the  Boston  Athe- 
naeum. 

BOOKS   FOR   BOYS  AND   GIRLS. 

Miss  Hewins'  brief  list  of  "  Books  for  boys 
and  girls"  was  printed  last  spring  and  the  Pub- 
lishing Section  would  like  to  see  it  spread  very 
widely  over  the  country.  It  is  intended  for 
parents  and  teachers  rather  than  for  children 
themselves,  and  we  hope  that  libraries  and 
school  boards  will  like  to  provide  it  for  free 
distribution.  With  this  in  view  the  price  has 
been  set  at  $3  per  100,  or  in  quantities  of  500  01 
over  at  $2  per  100.  The  price  of  single  copies 
is  10  cents. 


698 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


State   Cibrarg  (Tommissione. 

CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTKE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford, Ct. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 

NEW  YORK  :  Public  Libraries  Division,  State 
University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

EXTENSION  BULLETIN  no.  20  of  the  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York  contains  the  report  of 
the  Public  Libraries  Division  for  the  year  ending 
Sept.  30,  1896,  with  statistical  tables  regarding 
the  libraries  of  the  state.  The  report,  which 
bears  the  publication  date  of  June,  1897,  but  was 
not  issued  until  this  autumn,  is,  as  usual,  a  care- 
ful, detailed,  and  informing  statement  of  library 
affairs  in  New  York.  The  director  says  :  "  No 
one  familiar  with  existing  library  conditions  as 
compared  with  those  of  four  years  ago  can  fail 
to  be  impressed  with  multiplying  signs  of  prog- 
ress throughout  the  state.  The  number  of  free 
libraries  has  increased  from  238  in  1893  to  351  in 
1896.  Their  resources  increased  by  186,  too  vol- 
umes during  the  last  year.  Their  circulation 
was  2,293,861  in  1893  ;  it  advanced  to  3,933,623 
in  1896.  The  average  daily  circulation  was 
10,777  volumes  in  1896  as  compared  with  6285 
in  1893.  It  advanced  at  the  rate  of  2157  a  day 
during  the  last  year.  No  small  part  of  this 
remarkable  increase  is  due  to  the  substantial 
encouragement  given  by  the  state.  The  ex- 
penditure of  the  public  money  for  books  has 
been  carefully  guarded.  Every  dollar  granted 
means  another  dollar  raised  from  local  sources. 
The  long  list  of  books  reported  are  closely  scruti- 
nized by  the  book  board  of  the  state  library." 

During  the  year  Inspector  W.  R.  Eastman 
visited  134  libraries  in  41  counties,  of  which 
number  62  had  not  been  previously  reached. 
Of  the  visited  libraries  20  were  given  univer- 
sity charters,  three  were  admitted  with  existing 
charters,  and  10  were  registered  as  maintaining 
a  proper  standard  ;  50  received  grants  of  public 
library  money.  There  were  253  travelling  li- 
braries sent  out,  and  34,890  v.  were  read  by 
6109  readers.  There  are  the  usual  exhaustive 
statistical  tables,  giving  detailed  information  on 
the  libraries  of  the  states  in  various  combina- 
tions. The  list  of  "50  best  books  for  a  village 
library"  issued  for  1895  by  the  New  York  State 
Library  is  included,  and  there  are  short  reports 
of  the  Cleveland  conference  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
and  of  the  library  associations  of  the  state. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 
secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  COMMISSION  :  Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Rutland. 

WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  F.  A.  Hutchins, 
secretary,  Madison;  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  li- 
brarian, Milwaukee. 

LIBRARY  CAMPAIGN  IN  WOOD  COUNTY,  WISCONSIN. 

A  LIBRARY  campaign  in  the  interests  of  the 
Witter  Travelling  Libraries  of  Wood  County, 


was  conducted  by  the  officers  of  the  Wisconsin 
Free  Library  Commission,  Sept.  27 -Oct.  2, 
1897. 

Mrs.  W.  B.  Raymond,  Grand  Rapids,  Wis., 
head  librarian  of  the  travelling  libraries,  Miss 
L.  E.  Stearns,  librarian,  and  F.  A.  Hutchins, 
secretary  of  the  Free  Library  Commission,  made 
a  driving  tour  through  Wood  county,  stopping 
at  farm-houses,  corner  groceries  at  the  cross- 
roads, post-offices,  school-houses,  etc.,  to  in- 
spect the  libraries  and  to  ascertain  the  ways  in 
which  the  libraries  might  be  improved.  Library 
stations  were  visited  at  Randolph,  Blenker, 
Milladore,  Sherry,  Auburndale,  Arpin,  Vesper, 
Marshfield,  Pittsville,  Dexterville,  Babcock,  Ne- 
koosa,  Saratoga,  Port  Edwards,  Four  Mile 
Creek,  Biron,  Centralia,  etc.,  and  public  meet- 
ings were  held  at  Dexterville,  Nekoosa,  Biron, 
and  Four  Mile  Creek.  This  preliminary  cam- 
paign resulted  in  a  large  attendance  at  the  li- 
brarian's institute,  which  was  held  at  Grand 
Rapids,  Wis.,  on  Oct.  i  and  2,  1897,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Witter 
Free  Travelling  Libraries  and  the  Wisconsin 
Free  Library  Commission.  The  sessions  were 
opened  with  an  address  on  "Travelling  libra- 
ries and  study  clubs,"  by  Mrs.  Charles  S.  Morris, 
president  of  the  State  Federation  of  Women's 
Clubs  and  a  member  of  the  State  Library  Com- 
mission. This  address  was  followed  by  a  talk 
on  "The  child  and  his  book,"  by  Miss  L.  E. 
Stearns,  librarian  of  the  commission.  Senator 
J.  H.  Stout,  chairman  of  the  commission,  then 
spoke  on  the  relation  which  the  national  library 
should  bear  to  the  smaller  libraries  and  citizens 
of  the  country. 

The  second  session  was  devoted  to  a  discus- 
sion of  travelling  libraries,  with  papers  on 
"  The  public  school  and  the  travelling  library," 
by  H.  E.  Miller,  Dexterville,  Wis.;  "How  to 
get  the  boys  to  read,"  by  Rev.  W.  B.  McClel- 
land, Nekoosa,  Wis.;  "  How  to  get  the  girls  to 
read,"  by  Mrs.  S.  Elliot,  Saratoga,  Wis. 

J.  D.  Witter,  the  founder  of  the  travelling 
library  system  in  Wood  county,  then  spoke  on 
the  purposes  of  the  libraries,  in  which  he  paid  a 
high  tribute  to  the  interest  and  enthusiasm  of 
the  27  librarians.  Mr.  Witter  stated  that  he 
wished  to  greatly  extend  the  number  of  libra- 
ries in  the  county,  hoping  thereby  to  reach 
every  family  in  the  district.  Miss  M.  E.  Tan- 
ner, Stevens  Point,  Wis.,  then  made  an  inter- 
esting talk  on  "Travelling  pictures."  County 
Superintendent  Havener  then  spoke  on  "The 
district  school  library,"  followed  by  G.  S.  Ford, 
Grand  Rapids,  Wis.,  on  the  "Relation  of  the 
school  to  the  public  library."  G.  G.  Williams, 
city  superintendent,  led  a  discussion  of  the 
subject. 

Miss  L.  E.  Stearns  then  gave  an  account  of 
the  driving  tour,  in  which  she  had  found  every- 
where an  intense  appreciation  of  the  libraries. 
There  was  found  in  most  communities  a  desire 
for  more  of  the  best  children's  books  —  a  want 
which  will  soon  be  supplied. 

F.  A.  Hutchins,  secretary  of  the  library  com- 
mission, closed  the  sessions  which  he  had  con- 
ducted, with  words  of  encouragement  to  the 
librarians  of  the  travelling  libraries. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


699 


State  Cibrart)  'Xsaocioticrns. 

LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL   CALI- 
FORNIA. 

President:].  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary :  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

THE  first  meeting  of  the  association  after  the 
long  vacation  was  held  Sept.  10,  1897,  in  the 
city  hall,  Alameda,  as  guests  of  the  Free  Public 
Library  of  Alameda.  President  Rowell  pre- 
sided. 

The  association  was  cordially  welcomed  to 
Alameda  by  C.  L.  Weller,  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees,  and  in  responding  Mr.  Rowell 
congratulated  the  board  on  their  new,  comforta- 
ble quarters  in  the  city  hall,  and  commended 
the  liberal  policy  that  opens  the  shelves  to  free 
access  by  the  readers. 

The  first  speaker  of  the  evening,  E.  W.  Mas- 
lin,  in  his  "  Experiences  of  a  library  trustee" 
gave  a  vigorous  address  on  the  duties  of  both 
the  librarian  and  the  trustee,  making  an  earnest 
plea  for  the  best  possible  service  in  these  re- 
sponsible positions. 

In  talking  about  "  The  library  of  a  metropoli- 
tan newspaper  "  M.  P.  Wiggin  said  "  it  violates 
every  tradition  of  the  ordinary  library  in  that  it 
disclaims  the  idea  of  storing  up  the  sum  of 
human  knowledge  for  the  benefit  of  posterity. 
It  ignores  the  past  within  certain  obvious  limita- 
tions, and  deals  almost  exclusively  with  the 
present,  with,  however,  an  eye  open  to  the 
future,  and  with  a  fixed  and  settled  plan  of  al- 
lowing the  new  to  push  aside  and  supersede  the 
old."  The  library,  Mr.  Wiggin  said,  was  en- 
tirely one  for  reference,  largely  biographical, 
and  designed  to  assist  in  the  immediate  prepa- 
ration of  that  which  the  reading  public  most 
demands  —  news.  The  method  of  indexing  and 
filing  clipppings  was  described  at  length. 

To  illustrate  and  give  point  to  his  paper  on 
"  Primers "  P.  J.  Healy,  trustee  of  the  Me- 
chanics' Institute,  exhibited  a  copy  of  "A 
primer  for  the  use  of  the  Mohawk  children," 
printed  by  Fleury  MespletSj  at  Montreal,  in 
1781.  This  primer  is  so  rare  that  Mr.  Pilling, 
in  his  "Bibliography  of  the  Iroquoian  lan- 
guages" (Wash.,  1888,  p.  137-139),  notes  only 
the  copy  in  the  British  Museum.  Like  many 
valuable  "  finds  "  this  book  came  into  the  hands 
of  its  present  owner  accidentally.  It  was  pur- 
chased with  a  number  of  miscellaneous  books 
from  the  legal  representative  of  the  Kirkland 
family,  in  whose  possession  it  is  said  to  have 
been  for  100  years.  It  was  used  by  Daniel 
Kirkland,  a  missionary  to  Oneida  Indians.  The 
primer  is  bound  in  leather  and  is  in  excellent 
condition,  considering  the  character  of  the  book. 

Mr.  F.  B.  Graves  talked  on  "  Library  econom- 
ics," and  Miss  Anna  Power  presented  a  paper 
on  the  free  shelf  system  lately  inaugurated  in 
the  juvenile  department  of  the  San  Francisco 
Free  Public  Library. 

A  number  of  short  addresses  were  made,  and 


a  brief  discussion  on  "  What  are  public  libraries 
to  do  with  their  surplus  books  ?  "  developed  no 
practical  solution  of  this  vexed  question. 

A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary, 

THE  October  meeting  of  the  association 
proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  successful  in  its 
history. 

The  paper  on  "  Travelling  libraries,"  by  W. 
P.  Kimball,  in  particular,  made  a  strong  im- 
pression. The  speaker  said:  "  To-day  the  pub- 
lic library  is  no  longer  a  luxury,  it  is  a  neces- 
sity of  modern  life;  it  stands  as  one  of  the  four 
great  broadening  and  uplifting  forces  of  civil- 
ization: the  press,  the  pulpit,  the  school,  and 
the  library,  each  having  its  special  mission  of 
preparation,  direction,  and  education  of  man- 
kind." After  describing  the  uses  of  the  library 
to  all  classes  of  society,  Mr.  Kimball  presented 
statistics  showing  the  lack  of  library  facilities 
in  California,  and  showing  that  while  the  library 
movement  is  steadily  growing  there  are  still 
more  than  50  per  cent,  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
state  who  have  no  access  to  public  libraries. 

The  district  school  libraries,  numbering  3200, 
while  productive  of  untold  good  in  quickening 
the  intelligence  and  implanting  a  love  for  read- 
ing, were  in  no  sense  a  substitute  for  public  li- 
braries, their  intent  being  to  furnish  reading 
for  school  children  and  not  for  the  varied  wants 
of  a  community. 

A  concise  history  of  the  travelling  library 
movement  followed,  and  the  results  to  be 
obtained  from  this  stimulus  and  encourage- 
ment to  profitable  reading  by  supplying  fresh, 
well-selected  books  to  small  isolated  communi- 
ties, and  the  very  important  consideration  that 
they  create  a  sense  of  need  for  a  home  organ- 
ization. After  deploring  the  delays  caused  by 
attempting  to  procure  state  aid  in  inaugurating 
this  great  movement,  the  speaker  said:  "Let  us 
not  be  content  to  wait  ;  a  long  interval  ensues 
before  the  legislature  assembles,  which  ought 
to  be  improved  by  experimental  work.  This 
association  has  friends,  for  its  home  is  in  Cali- 
fornia, where  no  appeal  for  the  intellectual  well- 
being  of  the  state  falls  on  unwilling  ears  or  un- 
responsive hearts.  Let  us  ask  our  friends  for 
the  donation  of  $3000  with  which  to  equip  50 
travelling  libraries  to  send  to  villages  and  towns 
among  the  mountains  and  valleys,  the  mines 
and  forests  of  California  during  the  next  year. 

"There  is  another  urgent  need  in  library 
work.  In  a  number  of  the  smaller  towns  there 
is  a  strong  desire  to  form  a  local  library.  To 
them  sympathy  and  encouragement  can  be  ex- 
tended. Not  a  few  of  these  would  develop 
into  free  public  libraries,  if  the  way  to  take 
such  a  step  was  pointed  out  and  other  directive 
efforts  suggested."  Mr.  Kimball  closed  with  a 
stirring  appeal  that  the  association  lend  its  aid 
and  influence  to  assist  these  willing  workers 
and  endeavor  to  "  make  the  free  public  library 
a  force  universal  in  California." 

As  a  result  of  this  paper  the  following  resolu- 
tion was  adopted  : 

"  Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  this  meeting  of  the 
Library  Association  of, Central  California,  that  a  system 
of  travelling  libraries  is  essential  to  the  diffusion  of 


700 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Novcmber,  '97 


knowledge  throughout  the  state  and  the  promotion  of  the 
welfare  of  its  citizens.  That  we  heartily  endorse  the  es- 
tablishment of  such  libraries  and  pledge  the  support  of 
this  association  to  the  same." 

To  further  this  object  the  following  was  also 
adopted  : 

"  Resolved,  That  this  association  undertake  the  collec- 
tion of  statistics  regarding  libraries  of  general  circulation 
throughout  the  state." 

President  Rowell  next  introduced  Mr.  H.  S. 
Allen,  who  give  an  account  of  the  "  Object  and 
methods  of  the  Press  Clipping  Bureau,"  ex- 
plaining the  method  used  in  filing  scraps  and 
showing  examples  of  work  accomplished. 

The  session  closed  with  a  symposium  on  "  the 
selection  of  books  for  a  public  library,"  in 
which  Messrs.  John  S.  Hittell,  F.  J.  Teggart, 
and  P.  J.  Healy  took  part. 

A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 

No.  I  of  the  "Publications"  of  the  Library 
Association  of  Central  California,  dated  May, 
1897,  has  been  issued.  It  is  devoted  to  the 
address  on  "  The  relation  of  life  to  the  higher 
education,"  by  Prof.  Arley  Barthlow  Show,  of 
Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  University,  delivered  be- 
fore the  association  at  its  meeting  on  Jan.  10, 
1896  (12  p.  D.),  and  in  typography  and  form  is 
most  creditable  to  its  publishers.  The  one  criti- 
cism to  be  made  is  that  the  imprint  date  does 
not  correspond  with  the  actual  date  of  issue  — 
an  example  of  carelessness  that  a  library  club, 
above  other  bodies,  should  not  set  to  regular 
publishers. 

COLORADO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President  :  A.  E.  Whitaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary:  Herbert  E.  Richie,  Box  1589, 
Denver. 

Treasurer:  j.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

THE  first  meeting  of  the  Colorado  Library 
Association  was  held  on  the  evening  of  Oct.  8 
in  the  principal's  office  of  the  High  School, 
District  No.  i.  There  was  a  small  attendance, 
and  plans  for  the  year  were  informally  dis- 
cussed, without  any  regular  program.  The 
association  has  in  view  the  issuing  of  a  union 
list  of  periodicals,  arrangements  for  which  will 
be  discussed  at  the  November  meeting. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

THE  fall  meeting  of  the  Connecticut  Library 
Association  was  held  at  the  State  Normal  Train- 
ing School  at  Willimantic  on  Oct.  27.  There 
was  a  good  attendance  when  the  meeting  was 
called  to  order  at  n  a.m.,  and  the  minutes  of 
the  previous  meeting  were  read  by  Miss  Scott, 
the  secretary. 

F.  B.  Gay,  the  president  of  the  club,  delivered 
a  short  address,  reviewing  library  affairs  in  the 
state  since  the  last  meeting.  The  death  of  Dr. 
Justin  Winsor,  president  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  was 
alluded  to,  and  a  committee  of  three  —  Miss  C. 


M.  Hewins,  Prof.  Addison  Van  Name,  and  Miss 
Scott  —  was  appointed  to  prepare  suitable  reso- 
lutions. Mr.  Gay  then  introduced  the  subject 
of  the  undertaking  by  the  association  of  some 
definite  work  which  should  be  useful  to  the 
library  world.  Mr.  James,  of  Middletown,  en- 
dorsed the  suggestion,  and  thought  that  the 
work  should  be  bibliographical,  while  Miss 
Scott  suggested  that  it  deal  rather  with  a  plan 
for  the  disposal  of  duplicates  by  the  establish- 
ment of  a  clearing-house  committee.  It  was 
voted  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  consider 
the  subject,  of  which  the  president  should  be  an 
ex-ojficio  member.  The  committee  named  com- 
prises W.  J.  James,  W.  K.  Stetson,  Jonathan 
Trumbull,  Miss  Mary  A.  Richardson,  and  Miss 
Josephine  S.  Heydrick. 

The  Philadelphia  Conference  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
with  the  Delaware  Water  Gap  trip,  was  de- 
scribed by  Miss  Mary  A.  Richardson,  of  New 
London,  and  James  L.  Whitney,  of  the  Boston 
Public  Library,  gave  an  interesting  account  of 
the  English  post-conference  trip  of  the  Ameri- 
can librarians.  Luncheon  was  served  at  the 
Hooker  House,  and  the  afternoon  session  was 
opened  with  a  paper  by  Miss  Ellen  D.  Larned 
on  "  Early  libraries  in  Windham  county,"  a  talk 
on  "The  libraries  of  Abington,"  by  Miss  Mary  M. 
Osgood  ;  and  an  address  on  "  Helpful  reading 
for  the  agricultural  classes,"  by  Prof.  B.  F. 
Koons,  president  of  Storrs  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, who  gave  a  short  list  of  books  on  agricult- 
ural subjects,  and  urged  that  libraries  should 
help  farmers  and  their  wives  to  study  nature. 

A  general  discussion  followed,  in  which  one 
member  asked  for  a  list  of  "old-fashioned  rest- 
ful novels  that  end  pleasantly."  Some  of  the 
books  mentioned  in  response  were  "  Lady  Lee's 
widowhood,"  "  Inside  our  gates,"  "  Cranford," 
and  "  A  week  in  a  French  country  house." 

GEORGIA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Miss  Anne  Wallace,  Young  Men's 
Library,  Atlanta. 

Secretary:  C.  W.  Hubner,  Atlanta. 

Treasurer:  Miss  L.  A.  Field,  Decatur. 

THE  first  annual  meeting  of  the  Georgia  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  in  Macon,  Ga.,  Oct. 
28  and  29.  The  day  sessions  were  held  in 
the  reading-room  .of  the  Public  Library,  and 
the  public  meeting  was  held  on  the  evening  of 
the  28th  in  the  historic  chapel  of  Wesleyan 
College  —  the  first  college  to  be  established  ex- 
clusively for  the  higher  education  of  women. 

The  city  of  Macon  is  proverbially  hospitable 
and  the  librarians  were  given  a  cordial  welcome. 
It  was  the  first  meeting  of  the  kind  ever  held  in 
the  south,  and  it  proved  a  memorable  occasion. 

The  first  session  was  called  to  order  at  3 
o'clock,  Thursday,  Oct.  28,  Miss  Wallace  pre- 
siding. The  president's  address  was  short,  and 
outlined  the  history  of  the  library  movement  in 
the  south.  Among  other  things  Miss  Wallace 
said  :  "  Unlike  the  usual  optimistic  report  of 
retiring  officers  I  propose  to  touch  upon  the 
seamy  side  of  library  work  in  the  state.  Georgia 
stands  to-day  without  proper  legislation  allow- 
ing taxation  for  the  support  of  the  public  li- 
brary." 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


701 


The  list  of  new  members  was  then  read,  and 
the  name  of  the  club  was  changed  from  Georgia 
Library  Club  to  Georgia  Library  Association. 
The  offer  of  the  Ed^^cational  Journal  was  ac- 
cepted, making  that  journal  the  official  organ  of 
the  club.  Mr.  Hughes  Reynolds,  of  Rome, 
was  appointed  secretary  pro  tern,  in  the  absence 
of  Major  Hubner,  and  Miss  Campbell,  of  the 
Augusta  Library,  acted  as  treasurer,  in  the  ab- 
sence of  Miss  Field.  A  paper  on  "Travelling 
libraries  "  was  presented  by  Mrs.  Eugene  Heard, 
of  Middleton,  which  was  discussed  by  several 
speakers  in  relation  to  library  advancement  in 
Georgia.  Mrs.  Heard  also  told  of  the  favor- 
able consideration  which  the  Georgia  legisla- 
ture would  probably  give  to  the  bill  creating  a 
public  library  commission  for  the  state,  and  a 
petition  to  the  General  Assembly  for  an  early 
consideration  of  the  bill  now  before  it  was 
passed  unanimously.  A  petition  to  the  trustees 
of  the  Georgia  Normal  and  Industrial  College  to 
add  a  library  training  school  to  its  curriculum 
was  also  passed. 

The  public  meeting  was  called  to  order  in 
the  chapel  of  Wesleyan  College  at  eight  o'clock 
in  the  evening.  There  was  a  large  attendance 
of  townspeople,  and  the  exercises  were  pleas- 
ant and  profitable.  The  session  opened  with 
music,  and  Miss  Wallace  then  made  a  short  ad- 
dress, in  which  she  explained  that  the  associa- 
tion aimed  to  obtain,  I,  the  necessary  library 
legislation  to  permit  taxation  for  the  support 
of  free  libraries;  2,  the  appointment  of  a  public 
library  commission,  whose  duty  will  be  the  su- 
pervision of  the  library  interests  of  the  state; 
3,  the  establishment  of  a  library  training  school 
for  the  purpose  of  giving  instruction  in  library 
economy  ;  4,  the  establishment  and  support  of 
more  and  better  equipped  libraries  ;  5,  the  co- 
operation of  librarians  and  the  interchange  of 
ideas  so  necessary  to  the  advancement  of  any 
profession. 

A  series  of  short  addresses  on  the  library,  its 
place  in  public  education,  and  its  support 
through  women's  clubs,  were  made  by  Prof.  D. 
Q.  Abbott,  Mrs.  J.  K.  Ottley,  G.  C.  Matthews, 
of  the  Macon  Telegraph;  Mrs.  W.  B.  Lowe,  J. 
R.  Nutting,  Mrs.  Charles  Read,  and  others,  and 
the  evening  was  closed  with  a  few  happy  re- 
marks by  Prof.  Abbott. 

On  Friday,  Oct.  29,  two  sessions  were  held. 
The  first  opened  at  nine  o'clock  with  an  excel- 
lent paper  by  Mrs.  Nina  Holstead,  of  Columbus, 
on  "  The  children's  room."  Mrs.  Moses  Wad- 
ley  spoke  on  "  The  American  Library  Associa- 
tion and  the  state  clubs."  "  The  Lagrange 
Woman's  Club  Library  "  was  described  by  Mrs. 
Enoch  Galloway,  and  "  The  public  library  as  a 
philanthropic  movement"  was  discussed  by 
Mrs.  M.  R.  Campbell.  In  the  afternoon  Prof. 
Moseby,  of  Mercer  University,  read  a  paper  on 
"  College  libraries  ";  Mrs.  Barbrey,  of  the  Ma- 
con  Library,  presented  "  Classification  and  cata- 
loging"; Miss  Prosser,  of  the  Milledgeville 
Girls'  Industrial  and  Normal  School,  read  a 
paper  on  "  Library  management,"  and  Rev.  F. 
W.  Barnett  gave  a  delightful  talk  on  "  Books 
and  libraries."  Miss  Wallace,  the  president 
then  called  Mrs.  Eugene  Heard  to  the  chair, 


and  offered  a  resolution  of  thanks  to  the  people 
of  Macon  for  their  charming  hospitality,  which 
resolution  was  adopted  by  a  rising  vote.  Upon 
motion  the  convention  then  adjourned  sine  die, 
and  the  members  attended  a  pleasant  reception 
held  in  their  honor  at  Wesleyan  College. 

In  its  management  and  results  the  meeting 
proved  a  gratifying  success,  and  it  should  be 
effective  in  strengthening  the  association  for  its 
future  work.  Too  much  praise  cannot  be  given 
to  Mrs.  Nora  L.  Barbrey,  librarian  of  Macon 
Public  Library  and  chairman  of  local  committee, 
for  her  efficient  and  persistent  efforts  to  make 
the  meeting  a  success. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 

Secretary :  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  Univenity  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Public  Libraries,  215  Madison  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

IOWA  STA  TE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Ella  McLoney, 
Public  Library,  Des  Moines. 

THE  eighth  annual  meeting  of  the  Iowa  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  in  the  Women's 
Club  parlors  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building,  at 
Des  Moines,  on  Tuesday  and  Wednesday,  Oct. 
12  and  13, 1897,  and  was  one  of  the  most  success- 
ful in  the  history  of  the  association.  This  was 
the  first  meeting  of  the  association  since  its  re- 
organization as  a  separate  body.  There  was 
an  attendance  of  40  members,  representing  25 
different  libraries,  from  all  parts  of  the  state. 
The  president,  W.  H.  Johnston,  of  Fort  Dodge, 
presided. 

The  session  on  Tuesday  morning  opened 
with  the  enrolment  of  the  members  present, 
and  the  reports  of  officers  and  committees.  Pres- 
ident Johnston  then  delivered  his  annual  ad- 
dress, which  was  a  review  of  library  progress 
in  Iowa,  noting  the  new  libraries  established 
in  many  small  towns,  and  devoting  considerable 
attention  to  the  travelling  libraries  conducted 
by  the  state  library  authorities.  Travelling 
libraries  were  the  subject  of  an  interesting  talk 
by  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  librarian  of  the  Wis- 
consin Free  Library  Commission,  who  described 
the  operation  and  far-reaching  influence  of  the 
system  in  Wisconsin.  Mrs.  Lana  D.  Cope, 
librarian  of  the  Iowa  State  Library,  also  spoke 
of  the  work  in  Iowa.  The  advisability  of  keep- 
ing libraries  distinct  from  the  control  of  school 
boards  was  also  discussed,  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
of  Public  Libraries,  citing  Indiana  and  Michi- 
gan as  examples  of  the  unfortunate  results  of 
mingling  those  two  branches  of  popular  educa- 
tion. 

The  afternoon  session  was  devoted  to  a  con- 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\N(rvembery  '97 


sideration  of  the  "  Organization  of  small  town 
libraries,"  conducted  by  Miss  Stearns,  in  the 
absence  of  Miss  Virginia  Dodge,  of  the  Cedar 
Rapids  Public  Library. 

Miss  Stearns'  presentation  of  the  subject  was 
as  comprehensive  as  it  was  animated  and  de- 
lightful. She  first  took  up  the  different  agencies 
by  which  libraries  have  been  established,  and 
of  which  she  believed  the  press  to  be  the  most 
powerful.  She  cited  several  cases  showing 
where  libraries  had  been  established  owing  to 
the  newspapers  of  the  towns  keeping  everlast- 
ingly at  it.  In  Racine,  Wis.,  every  Saturday 
night  for  two  years  there  appeared  in  the  two 
local  papers  articles  advocating  the  establish- 
ment of  a  public  library.  At  the  end  of  the 
time  the  library  vote,  which  had  been  defeated 
two  years  before,  was  carried  by  a  majority  of 
1600.  Schools  and  school  children  were  also 
important  agencies,  and  lecturers  could  do 
something  for  the  establishment  of  a  library, 
providing  they  be  advertised  in  the  right  way. 
"Don't,"  she  said,  "  announce  that  so-and-so 
will  speak  on  the  '  mission  of  public  libraries.' 
Rather  advertise  that  there  will  be  a  free  lect- 
ure, absolutely  no  collection,  on  *  What  our 
town  needs  most.'"  Woman's  clubs  are,  of 
course,  recognized  as  very  powerful  agencies 
in  the  establishment  of  libraries;  mass-meet- 
ings are  only  effective  providing  some  action 
were  taken  before  adjournment.  Everybody's 
business  is  nobody's  business,  and  a  meeting  of 
a  few  people  where  something  is  done  is  of 
more  value  than  a  dozen  mass-meetings.  House 
to  house  canvasses  are  useful  providing  it  is  a 
house  to  house  canvass  and  no  neighborhoods 
are  neglected.  Excellent  suggestions  were 
made  regarding  the  control  of  the  library,  the 
choice  and  qualifications  of  a  librarian,  the  selec- 
tion and  arrangement  of  the  books.  Open 
shelves  were  advocated,  and  the  importance  of 
the  children's  room  emphasized 

The  evening  session  was  opened  with  an  ad- 
dress on  "  The  danger  line  in  fiction,"  by  John- 
son Brigham,  editor  of  the  Midland  Monthly, 
after  which  a  pleasant  informal  reception  was 
held.  On  Wednesday  morning  the  subject  of 
"  The  relation  of  school  to  library"  was  opened 
in  a  paper  by  Hon.  Henry  Sabin,  State  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction,  in  which  he  advo- 
cated the  establishment  of  the  school  libraries  as 
supplying  the  missing  link  between  schools  and 
public  libraries.  The  question-box  followed, 
and  there  was  a  general  discussion  of  points  in 
library  administration  and  routine. 

"How  to  stimulate  interest  in  the  library  " 
was  a  paper  by  Judge  H.  E.  Deemer,  with 
which  the  afternoon  session  opened.  The  sub- 
ject was  divided  into  two  parts:  i,  as  it  con- 
cerned the  library;  and  2,  as  it  concerned  the 
public.  A  paper  on  "  Small  town  libraries,"  by 
Joseph  R.  Orwig,  was  submitted  and  read  by 
title.  The  election  of  officers  was  then  held, 
with  the  following  results  :  President,  W.  H. 
Johnson,  of  Fort  Dodge  ;  Vice-president,  W. 
H.  Payne,  of  Nevada;  Secretary  and  treasurer, 
Miss  Ella  McLoney,  Public  Library,  Des 
Moines.  A  committee  on  legislation  was  ap- 
pointed and  instructed  to  exert  every  possible 


legitimate  influence  upon  the  next  legislature 
for  the  creation  of  a  state  library  commission. 
The  following  resolution  was  adopted  unani- 
mously: 

Resolved,  That  it  is  the  sense  of  the  Iowa  Library  As* 
spciation  that  a  state  library  commission  should  be  pro- 
vided by  law,  and  the  committee  on  legislation  is  hereby 
instructed  to  bring  the  matter  properly  to  the  attention  of 
the  general  assembly  and  urge  its  adoption. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Secretary  :  Miss  H.  C.  Fernald,  State  College, 
Orono. 

Treasurer :  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  Alice  G.  Chandler,  Town 
Library,  Lancaster. 

Secretary:  H.  C.  Wellman,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

THE  Massachusetts  Library  Club  held  its 
annual  meeting  Oct.  26,  at  Medford.  A  per- 
fect autumn  day  and  an  attractive  program  prom- 
ised a  large  attendance,  a  promise  well  kept  by 
the  presence  of  over  300  persons.  We  first 
visited  the  library,  on  a  hillside  overlooking  the 
Mystic,  a  home-like,  attractive  place,  as  is  apt 
to  be  the  case  when  a  generous  dwelling-house 
is  skilfully  remodelled.  A  new  stack  has  just 
been  added,  which  struck  all  for  its  simplicity, 
and  light  and  cheerful  aspect,  as  an  ideal  book- 
room.  After  a  few  words  of  welcome  from 
Rev.  Mr.  De  Long,  chairman  of  the  board  of 
trustees,  who  spoke  of  the  work  accomplished 
by  the  librarian,  Miss  Mary  Sargent,  with  praise, 
which  gratified  without  surprising  us,  we  walked 
to  the  new  High  School  building,  where  the 
school  board  had  placed  at  our  service  for  the 
meeting  as  fair  an  audience-hall  as  ever  received 
a  peripatetic  association. 

Mr.  Lawrence,  chairman  of  the  school  com- 
mittee, greeted  the  club,  and  after  Mr.  Putnam, 
the  president,  had  expressed  our  satisfaction 
with  the  city,  the  weather,  and  the  hall,  the 
meeting  was  called  to  order. 

Mr.  Putnam  spoke  of  the  loss  which  the  club 
and  the  library  profession  had  suffered  in  the 
death  of  Dr.  Winsor,  librarian  of  Harvard  Uni- 
versity, and  referred  the  question  of  further 
action  to  the  club,  whereupon  it  was  voted,  upon 
motion  by  Mr.  Lane,  that  a  committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  report  upon  a  resolution  later  in  the 
day.  The  president  named  Mr.  Lane,  Mr.  Fos- 
ter, and  Miss  Mary  Sargent  as  the  committee. 
A  committee  to  nominate  officers  for  the  coming 
year  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Mr.  C.  A. 
Cutter,  Miss  Thurston,  Miss  L.  S.  Williams, 
Mr.  Bolton,  and  Mr.  Jones. 

Mr.  Lane  then,  asking  leave  to  speak  for  the 
Publishing  Section,  described  the  work  which 
it  is  hoped  to  undertake  in  issuing  printed  cards 
for  articles  contained  in  the  more  important 
serials,  such  as  the  transactions  of  the  learned 
societies,  particularly  in  philology,  history 
and  other  non-scientific  fields.  He  also  called 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


703 


attention  to  the  new  edition  of  the  "Subject 
headings"  in  preparation,1  to  Miss  Hewins' 
new  selected  list  of  books  for  children,8  and  to 
the  need  of  more  workers  upon  the  index  to 
portraits.8 

Miss  Nina  E.  Browne  reported  upon  an  in- 
vestigation undertaken  as  a  sequel  to  the  dis- 
cussion at  the  last  meeting  of  the  club,  at 
Norton,  Sept.  9,  to  elucidate  the  fine  systems  in 
use  throughout  the  country.  Circulars  with 
detailed  inquiries  had  been  sent  to  84  libraries, 
and  much  useful  information  had  been  ac- 
quired. 

It  was  voted  that  the  material  be  put  in  order 
and  offered  to  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  as  a  con- 
tribution from  the  club. 

Miss  Browne,  as  chairman  of  the  Fiction  List 
Committee,  reported  that  subscriptions  amount- 
ing to  $40  had  been  received,  and  that  there 
seemed  to  be  no  likelihood  that  the  work  could 
be  resumed  by  this  club. 

The  report  of  the  treasurer  being  submitted, 
showed  in  the  treasury  $90  life  membership 
fees  in  bank,  and  $31.02  in  cash,  and  was  ac- 
cepted. 

The  secretary's  report  summed  up  the  work 
of  the  year,  gave  reasons  for  thinking  that  the 
work  of  the  secretary's  office  should  be  divided, 
and  concluded  with  a  motion  requesting  the  ex- 
ecutive committee  to  consider  the  matter  and 
report  such  an  arrangement  if  it  appeared  ex- 
pedient. The  report  was  accepted,  and  the  mo- 
tion adopted. 

Professor  Charles  E.  Norton  gave  a  charm- 
ing and  stimulating  address  upon  "The  choice 
of  books."  Gladly  would  we  have  it  before  us 
in  full,  but  here  only  the  briefest  summary  can 
be  given.  After  referring  to  the  loss  to  the  pro- 
fession of  librarians,  to  scholars,  and  all  inter- 
ested in  learning,  through  the  death  of  Mr. 
Winsor,  Mr.  Norton  said,  in  considering  the 
choice  of  books,  the  most  striking  fact  is  the 
multiplicity  of  books  and  the  consequent  diffi- 
culty to  the  average  mind  in  making  selection. 
There  is  a  true  relation  between  the  rise  of 
the  individual  during  the  last  200  years  and 
the  vast  increase  of  the  expression  in  books 
of  individual  thought  and  opinion.  The  es- 
sential difficulty  is  that  there  are  very  few  who 
carry  their  education  far  enough  to  have  a  right 
loan  independent  opinion,  or  whose  characters 
and  intelligences  are  so  disciplined  as  to  give 
their  opinions  any  considerable  value.  There 
is  in  this  country  a  great  lack  of  respect  for  ex- 
pert opinion  which  is  likely  to  bring  upon  us 
misfortune. 

"  It  will  help  us  in  choosing  if  we  recognize  the 
fact  that  very  few  books  are  essential  to  a  good 
education.  Lowell  spoke  of  four,  or  at  most 
five  indispensable  books.  I  would  be  willing  to 
reduce  the  list  to  three,  feeling  that  from  them 


1  In  charge  of  Mr.  Jones,  Mr.  Cutter,  and  Miss  Fuller. 

4  Books  for  boys  and  girls :  a  selected  list.  1897. 
31  p.  (A.  L.  A.  annotated  lists  ;  small  series.)  10  cents 
singly,  100  copies,  $3. 

3  The  preliminary  lists  of  books  to  be  indexed  has  been 
printed  from  the  L.  j.,  and  can  be  had  on  application  at; 
the  Boston  Athenaeum. 


could  be  drawn  the  essentials  of  a  good  practi- 
cal education.  Homer  gives  us  the  most  sim- 
ple, the  most  dignified,  the  most  notable  repre- 
sentation of  the  man  of  common  daily  life, 
making  him  by  power  of  imagination  our  con- 
temporary. Dante  paints  for  us  man  touched 
by  his  spiritual  instincts,  man  seeking  to  recon- 
cile the  difficulties  of  this  life  with  his  interpre- 
tation of  its  relation  to  a  spiritual  life.  For  the 
next  we  have  Shakespeare  ;  we  may  turn  to  his 
works  as  we  turn  to  nature  itself,  to  find  out  the 
truth  of  things,  and  learn  to  understand  man 
better  than  if  we  trust  to  our  own  judgment. 
To  these  Mr.  Lowell  added  Cervantes  and 
Faust,  but  I  question  his  judgment,  and  would 
place  them  on  the  second  shelf.  With  these 
five  authors,  and  perhaps  a  few  more,  the  pri- 
vate individual  would  have  all  the  essentials  for 
a  good  education,  for  education  is  not  the  ac- 
cumulation of  facts.  It  is  the  power  of  a  book 
to  discipline  thought  and  character  that  gives  it 
a  claim  to  be  considered  literature.  Still  there 
is  a  natural  curiosity  to  extend  the  list,  and 
some  good  books  are  published  every  year. 

"  The  first  thing  for  a  library  is  to  get  rid  of  a 
vast  deal  of  lumber  by  selecting  a  few  good 
reference-books.  A  good  dictionary,  like  the 
latest  edition  of  Webster,  and  a  good  encyclo- 
paedia like  Chambers'  are  the  corner-stone  for 
any  library. 

"The  small  public  library  need  not  expend 
much  for  books  in  science.  Outside  of  the  es- 
sential books  the  aim  should  be  to  get  such 
books  as  record  the  history  of  man.  Foremost 
I  place  good  editions  of  the  older  poets,  be- 
cause in  them  the  nature  of  man  is  most  clearly 
seen  ;  through  them  one  may  receive  inspira- 
tion for  his  guidance  in  life  ;  they  are,  too,  in 
this  country  the  only  considerable  sources  for 
the  nurture  of  the  imagination. 

"We  are  in  large  measure  the  product  of  past 
races  in  their  struggle  upward  to  a  higher  civil- 
ization. Our  library  should  contain  some  well- 
chosen  histories  ;  there  are  some  entitled  to 
rank  but  a  little  below  the  poets  both  on  ac- 
count of  their  literary  merit  and  their  faithful 
record  of  past  generations  that  have  indirectly 
influenced  our  own  age.  We  are  cut  off  from 
the  older  races  and  have  fallen  into  the  habit  of 
encouraging  a  spirit  of  self-appreciation.  The 
advice  has  been  given  :  '  Do  not  try  to  get 
much  in  the  way  of  history  except  American 
history  unless  you  have  a  great  deal  of  money 
to  spend."  No  more  immoral  as  well  as  unprof- 
itable advice  could  be  given.  The  man  who 
has  learned  the  dates  of  all  the  battles  in  the 
Revolution,  or  the  succession  of  the  presidents, 
has  learned  nothing  of  any  value  whatever.  A 
knowledge  of  the  causes  and  effects  of  the 
battle  of  Marathon  or  of  the  Reformation  is  of 
vastly  greater  importance.  We  need  compara- 
tively few  books  on  American  history,  and 
these  should  be  such  as  will  suggest  principles 
worthy  of  application  to  the  questions  that  come 
up  for  decision  every  day  in  our  government  — 
among  such  books  are  those  written  by  John 
Fiske. 

"After  history  comes  biography,  especially 
autobiography,  The  letters  and  journal  of  Sir 


7°4 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\November,  '97 


Walter  Scott  make  us  acquainted  not  only  with 
a  man  of  high  and  lofty  genius  endowed  with 
human  sympathy,  but  also  with  a  world  that 
lifts  us  out  of  our  petty  and  narrow  surround- 
ings into  a  serener  and  nobler  life. 

"  Books  of  travel  should  have  a  place  on  our 
shelves,  and  should  be  selected  for  their  literary 
merits  as  well  as  for  their  power  to  add  to  our 
knowledge  of  men  and  things.  Many  books  of 
travel  have  no  value  because  they  record  the 
impressions  of  uneducated  people.  The  char- 
acter of  a  man  like  Nansen  would  make  his 
experiences  valuable  and  interesting  wherever 
he  might  go.  It  is  particularly  desirable  to 
have  copies  of  the  older  books  of  travel,  such  as 
Marco  Polo  and  Hakluyt's  voyages. 

"  Finally,  the  public  library  should  always  be 
made  a  delightful  place,  adorned  with  engrav- 
ings or  photographs  of  the  best  works  of  art. 
Its  books  should  be  beautifully  bound,  for  a 
good  book  should  be  treated  with  respect. 
Following  that  rule  we  may  be  able  to  exclude 
a  mass  of  worthless  books.  Above  all  make 
the  young  people  feel  that  the  library  is  a  pleas- 
ant place  to  come  into." 

After  enjoying  a  hearty  lunch  and  inspecting 
the  school  building  the  club  reassembled  for  the 
afternoon  session.  The  secretary  being  obliged 
to  return  to  Cambridge,  H.  C.  Wellman  was 
chosen  as  secretary  pro  tern.  Mr.  Lane,  for 
the  committee,  submitted  the  following  resolu- 
tion, which  was  adopted: 

"  Resolved,  That  on  the  death  of  Justin  Winsor,  LL.D., 
librarian  of  Harvard  University,  and  president  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  the  Massachusetts  Library 
Club  desires  to  express  its  sense  of  the  high  value  of  Dr. 
Winsor's  services  to  librarianship  and  to  learning  in 
America.  Standing  for  many  years  at  the  head  of  his 
profession,  he  united  in  a  remarkable  degree  the  accurate 
and  extended  learning  of  the  older  generation  of  librari- 
ans with  the  administrative  force  and  understanding  of 
the  needs  of  the  hour,  which  are  demanded  of  the  modern 
librarians. 

"  His  administration  of  both  the  Boston  Public  Library 
and  the  Harvard  College  Library  has  had  its  effect  on 
libraries  throughout  the  country.  The  Public  Library  he 
brought  into  vital  contact  with  the  people  to  a  degree  not 
achieved  before  and  in  a  way  which  has  stimulated  other 
libraries.  In  the  College  Library  the  influence  of  his 
liberal  administration  has  been  not  less  important  to  the 
library  and  to  college  education.  His  readiness  to  meet 
the  wants  of  the  faculty,  and  to  administer  the  library  in 
the  interest  of  the  elective  system  fostered  a  change  in  the 
methods  of  study  in  the  University  which  would  have 
been  impossible  without  the  co-operation  of  the  librarian. 

"  As  a  bibliographer  he  worked  in  many  lines,  and  as  a 
historian  he  has  set  in  order  for  other  students  the  ma- 
terials in  the  field  which  he  made  his  own,  and  has  had 
the  good  fortune  to  finish  a  well-rounded  task,  beginning 
with  a  history  of  his  native  town  published  nearly  fifty 
years  ago,  followed  by  a  history  of  the  city  which  he 
served,  and  by  a  monumental  work  on  the  history  of 
America,  supplemented  by  the  story  of  the  geographical 
discovery  of  America  from  the  time  of  Columbus  and  his 
companions  til!  the  occupation  of  the  continent  was  won. 

"  So  great  was  the  respect  for  his  judgment  and  position 
that  but  few  of  the  larger  libraries  of  the  country  have 
not  at  some  time  sought  his  advice  and  profited  by  his 
counsel  always  freely  given  to  those  who  asked  it.  In  his 
death  we  have  lost  'a  master  and  a  friend.'  " 

On  recommendation  of  the  committee  which 
submitted  the  resolution,  it  was  voted,  that,  in 
order  that  the  memory  of  Dr.  Winsor's  life  and 
work  might  be  brought  before  the  members  of 
the  club  in  a  more  fitting  manner  than  was 
then  possible,  the  executive  committee  be  re- 
quested to  provide  that  a  suitable  memorial 


paper  be  presented  at  the  next  meeting  of  the 
club. 

Mr.  Cutter,  for  the  committee  on  nomina- 
tions, reported  as  follows  :  For  president,  W. 
H.  Tillinghast  ;  for  vice-presidents,  W.  L. 
R.  Gifford  and  Miss  Caroline  A.  Blanchard; 
for  secretary,  Hiller  C.  Wellman  ;  for  treas- 
urer, Miss  Abby  L.  Sargent.  No  assistant 
secretary  being  provided  for  in  the  constitution, 
the  committee  made  no  nomination  for  such 
officer,  but  recommended  that  the  executive  com- 
mittee appoint  an  assistant  secretary  pro  tern, 

Mr.  Cutter  then  reported  further  that  he  had 
been  informed  that  Mr.  Tillinghast  felt  obliged 
to  decline  the  honor  of  the  nomination,  and  the 
report  having  been  referred  back  to  the  com- 
mittee, the  committee  nominated  for  president 
Miss  Alice  G.  Chandler,  and  for  the  other 
offices  renewed  the  previous  nominations,  and 
the  secretary  being  instructed  to  cast  one  ballot 
for  the  nominations,  the  persons  named  were 
duly  elected.  On  motion  of  Mr.  Foster  it  was 
unanimously  voted  that  W.  H.  Tillinghast  be 
made  a  life  member. 

The  subject  of  the  day  —  reports  upon  the 
new  books  of  the  year  in  various  branches  of 
literature  —  was  then  taken  up.  The  lists  of 
books  drawn  up  by  those  in  charge  of  the  sub- 
ject divisions  had  been  printed  and  distributed 
to  members  as  material  for  discussion,  and 
each  list  was  described  and  commented  upon 
at  greater  or  less  length.  Mr.  C.  H.  Morss, 
Superintendent  of  Schools  in  Medford,  had 
spoken  on  educational  works  in  the  morning. 
Mr.  John  Graham  Brooks  now  described  what 
of  note  had  appeared  in  social  science,  and  was 
followed  by  Mr.  George  T.  Little,  who  described 
his  experiences  with  new  books  of  reference, 
which  he  defined  for  this  purpose  as  books  that 
will  answer  questions  quickly.  Mr.  H.  L. 
Koopman  presented  the  list  of  books  in  phi- 
losophy, and  Mr.  F.  H.  Hedge  discussed  the  list 
of  biographies.  Mr.  W.  E.  Foster  read  a 
valuable  paper  upon  the  new  works  in  his- 
tory, which  ought  to  be  printed  in  full,  but 
which  the  writer  cannot  attempt  to  epitomize; 
the  same  remark  may  be  made  of  the  report  on 
books  of  geography  and  travel  by  Mr.  John 
Ritchie,  Jr. 

In  speaking  of  the  science  list,  Mr.  N.  D.  C. 
Hodges  urged  that  small  libraries,  to  avoid 
loading  their  shelves  with  moribund  books, 
should  buy  scientific  handbooks  or  treatises 
sparingly;  such  when  new  presenting  not  the 
current  state  of  science,  but  that  existing  at 
least  two  years  before,  and  when  10  years  old, 
being  available  only  for  the  few  seeking  the 
history  of  science.  But  lest  he  should  be 
understood  as  advocating  the  complete  neglect 
of  science,  Mr.  Hodges  referred  to  the  present 
interest  in  birds  and  flowers,  and  expressed  his 
belief  that  libraries  could  not  have  too  many 
bird  books  and  flower  books.  Mr.  Hodges 
finally  called  attention  to  the  books  listed  at  40 
to  60  cents,  which  give  reliable  information  in 
the  departments  of  which  they  treat. 

The  club  finding,  as  usual,  the  time  at  its  dis- 
posal more  easily  exhausted  than  its  pro- 
gram, resolved  to  defer  the  discussion  of  the 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


70S 


remaining  lists  until  the  next  meeting,  which 
applied  to  the  reports  on  Art  by  Mr.  Fleischner, 
on  Literature  by  Miss  Mary  Morison,  on  Fic- 
tion by  Miss  A.  G.  Chandler,  on  Juveniles  by 
Mrs.  G.  P.  Sheffield. 

The  thanks  of  the  club  were  extended  to  the 
trustees  of  the  Medford  Public  Library  and  the 
High  School  Committee,  and  also  to  Mr.  Ritchie, 
Mr.  Morss,  Mr.  Hodges,  Mr.  Fleischner,  Mr. 
Brooks,  and  Mrs.  Sheffield,  for  their  kind  ser- 
vices in  preparing  their  parts  of  the  day's  pro- 
gram. At  4.40  the  meeting  adjourned. 

For  the  material  which  enabled  him  to  com- 
plete this  report  and  fill  out  a  term  of  service 
which  has  been  to  him  a  source  of  inspira- 
tion and  pleasure,  the  writer  is  indebted  to  Mr. 
Wellman,  and  to  those  who  kindly  loaned  him 
their  manuscripts. 

WILLIAM  H.  TILLINGHAST,  Secretary. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TICK. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary :  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESO TA  LIBRARY  A SSOCIA  TIO ff. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer- 
sity, Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary  :  Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

NEW  HA  MPSH1RE  LIBRA  RY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer:  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  F.  P.  Hill,  Public  Library,  Newark. 

Secretary:  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Cecelia  C.  Lambert,  Public 
Library,  Passaic. 

AN  all-day  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  Library 
Association  was  held  at  Rutgers  College,  New 
Brunswick,  on  Monday,  October  25. 

Dr.  Scott,  president  of  Rutgers  College,  wel- 
comed the  association  most  cordially,  and  in  his 
address  dwelt  upon  the  importance  of  library 
work  as  one  of  the  five  great  forces  of  civiliza- 
tion and  its  greater  power  over  the  others, 
these  being  the  church,  college,  public  school, 
and  the  press.  The  influence  of  the  last  is 
ephemeral,  with  each  of  the  others  the  idea  of 
compulsion  is  present,  while  the  public  library's 
great  power  is  its  absolute  freedom. 

Dr.  J.  B.  Thompson,  president  of  the  associa- 
tion, in  his  address  advocated  most  strongly  the 
formation  of  historical  societies  or  museums  for 


the  preservation  of  books  and  pamphlets  of  his- 
toric interest,  which  in  every  place  are  con- 
stantly going  to  waste,  and  expressed  his  belief 
that  the  librarians  were  the  ones  best  fitted  to 
take  such  matters  in  charge. 

E.  C.  Richardson,  of  Princeton,  then  read 
a  valuable  and  practical  paper  on  "The  pur- 
chase of  books,"  which  was  followed  by  an  ani- 
mated and  interesting  discussion. 

The  association  then  adjourned  to  partake  of 
a  charming  luncheon  provided  by  the  faculty  of 
the  college,  and  time  was  also  given  to  inspect 
the  various  libraries  and  museums  of  the  col- 
lege and  town. 

After  luncheon  F.  P.  Hill,  of  the  Newark 
Public  Library,  gave  an  interesting  account  of 
the  libraries  visited  on  the  A.  L.  A.  European 
trip. 

Mr.  Bostwick  then  followed  with  a  valuable 
paper  upon  "The  management  of  branches." 
Ways  and  means  to  increase  membership  in  the 
association  were  then  discussed  and  more  fre- 
quent meetings  were  advocated.  Prof.  Rich- 
ardson then  offered  a  resolution  to  the  effect 
"  That  the  executive  committee  consider  every 
possible  means  for  increasing  interest  in  the 
establishment  of  new  libraries  in  the  state, 
whether  by  holding  more  meetings  or  in  any 
other  way." 

A  new  legislative  committee,  consisting  of 
Mr.  Kimball,  Mr.  Neilson,  and  Prof.  Richard- 
son, was  appointed  by  the  chair  to  take  such 
action  as  they  see  fit  to  bring  about  proper 
legislation. 

After  a  vote  of  thanks  to  President  Scott,  the 
faculty  of  Rutgers  College,  and  Miss  See,  of 
the  Free  Public  Library,  for  a  most  delightful 
meeting,  the  association  adjourned. 

EMMA  L.  ADAMS,  Sec' y  pro  tern. 

THE  annual  meeting  of  the  New  Jersey  Li- 
brary Association  was  held  at  Newark,  Wednes- 
day, October  27,  to  elect  officers  for  the  ensuing 
year,  with  the  following  result :  President, 
Frank  P.  Hill;  Vice-president,  W.  C.  Kimball; 
Secretary,  Beatrice  Winser;  Treasurer,  Cecelia 
C.  Lambert. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:    J.    N.  Wing,    Chas.    Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 
OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Public  Library, 
Cincinnati. 

Secretary:  Miss  E.  C.  Doren,  Public  Library, 
Dayton. 

Treasurer:  C.  B.  Galbreath,  State  Library, 
Columbus. 

PENNSYL  VA  NIA    LIBRA  RY  CL  UB. 

President:  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary  .--Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 


706 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


THE  first  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Li- 
brary Club  for  the  season  was  held  on  Oct.  n 
in  West  Chester,  with  the  purpose  of  aiding  in 
the  development  of  the  local  public  library. 
About  50  members  of  the  club  were  present, 
nearly  all  being  from  Philadelphia.  They 
reached  West  Chester  before  four  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  and  were  taken  for  a  trip  about  the 
town  in  special  trolley  cars,  under  the  courteous 
charge  of  members  of  the  West  Chester  Library 
board.  Among  the  points  of  interest  visited 
were  the  Chester  County  Hospital  and  the  Nor- 
mal School,  and  the  visitors  were  welcomed  to 
a  pleasant  tea  at  the  public  library,  which  was 
their  headquarters  for  the  evening. 

An  executive  session  of  the  club  preceded  the 
public  meeting,  which  opened  at  eight  o'clock. 
Vice-president  John  Thomson  presided,  and  in 
a  short  address  set  forth  the  purposes  of  the 
club  and  explained  that  for  the  present  meeting 
it  had  been  deemed  expedient  to  do  away  with 
formal  papers  and  to  invite  a  general  discussion 
upon  the  topic  "  How  to  establish  and  support 
a  free  library."  He  then  introduced  the  sub- 
ject, pointing  out  the  necessity  of  a  free  library 
in  the  community,  and  urging  its  support  by 
taxation. 

T.  L.  Montgomery,  of  Wagner  Institute,  fol- 
lowed with  a  short  address  on  means  of  popu- 
larizing a  library,  and  especially  of  travelling 
libraries  as  an  adjunct.  This  branch  of  the 
subject  was  also  described  by  Mr.  Thomson. 

John  J.  Pinkerton,  the  first  president,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  West  Chester  Library, 
gave  an  historical  sketch  of  that  library,  and 
spoke  of  the  insufficient  support  given  it  by  the 
city.  A  discussion  followed,  in  which  questions 
were  asked  and  answered  as  to  the  best  meth- 
ods of  increasing  the  interest  in  the  library  and 
of  making  it  free  to  the  public. 

The  meeting  adjourned  with  a  hearty  invita- 
tion to  the  West  Chester  hosts  to  attend  the 
next  session  of  the  club  in  Philadelphia,  when 
musical  libraries  will  be  discussed. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 
President:  W:  M.  Stevenson,    Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Wales, 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Braddock. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 
President :  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer  :  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

NORTH    WISCONSIN    TRAVELLING    LIBRARY 
ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 
Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland, 


Cibrarn  (JTlnbs. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary  :  Miss  Margaret  Mann,  Armour  In- 
stitute, Chicago,  111. 

Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Public  Li- 
braries, 215  Madison  street. 

THE  Chicago  Library  Club  held  its  first  meet- 
ing of  the  year  at  the  Newberry  Library,  Oct.  7, 
1897,  with  a  good  attendance.  Pres.  A.  H. 
Hopkins  presided.  The  secretary  having  re- 
signed, Miss  M.  E.  Ahern  was  appointed  sec- 
retary pro  tern. 

C.  W.  Andrews,  of  the  John  Crerar  Library, 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  union  list  of 
periodicals,  gave  a  report  of  the  progress  of 
the  work.  Owing  to  the  delay  of  some  of  those 
engaged  in  the  work,  the  complete  report  could 
not  be  made  for  another  month.  Seventeen 
libraries  had  been  asked  to  prepare  lists;  one 
had  refused,  and  one  gave  no  answer;  13  had 
sent  in  complete  lists;  one  had  sent  a  list  of 
half  its  periodicals,  with  a  promise  of  the  rest 
to  follow,  and  one  of  the  large  libraries  had  not 
yet  sent  in  a  report. 

The  address  of  the  evening  was  made  by 
Hervey  White,  reference  librarian  of  John  Cre- 
rar Library,  on  "  A  day  with  a  reference  libra- 
rian." He  began  by  questioning  the  good  of 
having  a  library  club  unless  it  acted  as  a  lever 
for  raising  the  educational  force  of  the  different 
libraries  represented  in  its  membership.  A 
public  library  ought  to  have  the  best  reference- 
books,  and  all  of  them  —  these  to  include  cur- 
rent periodicals,  cyclopedias,  text-books,  and 
popular  treatises.  Added  to  these  there  should 
be  a  courteous,  well-informed  attendant,  who 
is  not  entirely  dependent  upon  library  helps  to 
find  what  is  wanted,  and  who,  above  all,  should 
not  turn  the  uninitiated  over  to  the  catalog.' 
Assistants  should  keep  up  with  the  reviews  in  the 
critical  periodicals,  and  in  large  libraries  might 
have  the  reviews  of  their  special  departments 
assigned  to  them.  There  is  a  possibility  of 
list-making  being  overdone.  Don't  make  a 
bibliography  unless  there  is  a  reason  for  it. 

In  the  discussion,  Mr.  Bishop  advocated  the 
idea  of  making  bibliography  a  part  of  every 
college  course  at  least,  and  if  possible  of  the 
high  school  course. 

Mr.  Andrews  said  that  he  had  heard  learned 
scholars  at  the  Brussels  convention  of  bibliog- 
raphers say  that  they  did  not  know  how  to  use 
bibliographies,  and  so  thought  that  it  might 
not  be  so  discouraging  to  have  common  people 
say  they  didn't  know.  He  told  of  a  free  scien- 
tific reference  library  established  in  the  artisan 
quarters  of  Paris,  which  had  15,000  books  and 
as  many  photographs  illustrating  national, 
political,  and  social  science. 

A  proposition  was  then  presented  that  the 
club  make  arrangements  to  secure  a  permanent 
place  for  headquarters.  After  considerable 
discussion  it  was  decided  to  appoint  a  commit- 
tee to  consider  the  matter  and  report  at  the 
next  meeting.  The  meeting  then  adjourned, 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


707 


MILWAUKEE  LIBRARY  ROUND  TABLE. 

"  A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going  —  and  so,  good-day  ! " 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  A.  E.  Bostwick,  N.  Y.  Free 
Circulating  Library. 

Secretary:  T:  W.  Idle,  Columbia  University 
Library. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  N.  Y. 
Free  Circulating  Library. 

THE  first  regular  meeting  of  the  season, 
1897-98,  was  held  at  the  Teachers  College, 
Riverview  Terrace,  New  York  City,  on  Thurs- 
day, Oct.  14.  There  was  a  large  attendance 
when  the  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Presi- 
dent Bostwick  at  3:10. 

C.  A.  Nelson,  of  Columbia  University  Library, 
in  presenting  a  brief  account  of  the  Second 
Philadelphia  Conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  about 
which  so  much  had  been  printed,  and  of  which 
the  official  report  of  the  proceedings  in  full 
would  shortly  appear,  sheltered  himself  behind 
the  executive  committee,  which  was  responsible 
for  his  appearance.  In  his  opening  remarks 
Mr.  Nelson  said  :  "  Perhaps  the  most  notable 
feature  of  the  conference  was  the  amount  of 
actual  work  accomplished  in  the  four  full  days, 
Tuesday  to  Friday  inclusive,  but  the  boundless 
hospitality  of  our  Philadelphia  hosts  was  so 
lavishly  interspersed  that  the  bread  of  toil  was 
not  only  buttered  on  both  sides,  but  literally 
spread  with  preserves." 

Miss  Mary  W.  Plummer,  librarian  of  the  Pratt 
Institute,  followed  with  a  paper  on  "  Children's 
libraries,"  given  elsewhere  in  this  number  (see  p. 
679).  President  Bostwick  then  called  upon  Mr. 
R.  R.  Bowker  for  an  account  of  the  Second  Inter- 
national Conference  of  Librarians  at  London. 
Mr.  Bowker  preferred  to  make  his  response  an 
informal  talk,  which  he  did  in  a  felicitous  and 
able  manner,  entertaining  his  audience  with 
personal  reminiscences,  which,  he  said,  from 
their  nature  could  not  very  well  find  their  way 
into  print.  He  spoke  almost  enthusiastically  of 
the  thorough  organization  and  kindly  spirit 
which  marked  the  conference  and  the  post-con- 
ference trip.  He  called  attention  to  the  fact  of 
the  absence  of  English  women,  and  to  the  pres- 
ence of  American  women  at  the  conference, 
which  seemed  to  be  of  no  little  significance  ; 
also  to  the  fact  that  two-thirds  of  the  sentiment 
among  English  librarians  is  against  free  ac- 
cess to  the  shelves  in  public  libraries. 

Dr.  Billings  had  kindly  consented  to  exhibit 
and  explain  his  sketch-plans  of  the  contem- 
plated home  of  the  treasures  belonging  to  the 
consolidated  libraries  forming  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  but  owing  to  the  advanced  hour, 
he  proposed  to  bring  the  matter  before  the  club 
at  a  subsequent  date. 

The  meeting  was  declared  adjourned  at  five 
o'clock,  but  at  the  invitation  of  Miss  Elizabeth 
G.  Baldwin,  librarian  of  the  Teachers  College, 
through  whose  courtesy  the  use  of  the  meeting- 
place  was  secured,  the  members  took  tea  before 
leaving  the  building. 

THOMAS  W.  IDLE,  Secretary. 

THE  New  York  Library  Club  "Manual"  for 
(32  p.  D.)  has  just  been  issued  in  neat 


cloth-bound  form,  revised  and  brought  fully 
up-to-date  by  the  secretary  of  the  club,  T:  W: 
Idle.  References  to  the  proceedings  of  the 
club  from  the  beginning,  as  reported  in  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  are  given,  and  there  is  an 
index  to  the  L.  j.  accounts  of  papers  and  topics 
presented.  There  are  represented  in  the  club 
membership  21  New  York  City  libraries,  eight 
Brooklyn  libraries,  and  29  other  libraries;  the 
membership  list  includes  153  persons.  A  use- 
ful feature  of  the  manual  is  an  alphabetical 
list  of  the  "Libraries  of  New  York  City,"  57 
institutions  being  named.  The  artistic  title- 
page  and  monogram  were  designed  by  Mr.  Idle. 

TWIN  CITY  LIBRARY  CLUB  (MINNEAPOLIS 
AND  ST.  PAUL). 

President:  Mrs.  L.  B.  Reed,  Public  Library, 
Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer:  Miss  Lettie  M. 
Crafts,  University  of  Minnesota  Library,  Min- 
neapolis. 

The  Twin  City  Library  Club  was  organized 
in  the  spring  of  1897  as  an  association  of  library 
workers  in  the  two  cities  of  Minneapolis  and 
St.  Paul.  Its  objects  are:  "  To  make  the  libra- 
ry spirit  felt  in  the  community,  to  ally  itself 
with  the  best  educational  and  literary  interests, 
to  develop  a  sense  of  co-operation  among  libra- 
rians and  library  assistants  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  two  cities,  and  finally,  taking  character, 
culture,  and  esprit  de  corps  for  granted,  to  dis- 
cuss thoroughly,  as  an  indispensable  means 
toward  the  achievement  of  the  highest  purposes, 
questions  of  detail  in  library  administration." 
The  constitution  provides  that  any  one  engaged 
in  library  work  in  Minneapolis  or  St.  Paul  is 
eligible  to  membership  upon  the  approval  of  the 
executive  committee,  and  at  present  the  public, 
university,  and  law  libraries  are  represented  on 
the  rolls.  Four  meetings  a  year  are  held,  on  the 
second  Thursdays  of  October,  December,  Feb- 
ruary, and  April.  The  first  meeting  was  held  in 
March,  1897,  in  the  directors'  room  of  the  Min- 
neapolis Public  Library,  when  organization  was 
effected  and  the  following  officers  elected :  Pres- 
ident, Mrs.  Lina  B.  Reed,  Minneapolis  Public 
Library;  Vice-president,  Miss  Jennie  S.  Bron- 
son,  St.  Paul  Public  Library;  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  Miss  Lettie  M.  Crafts,  Library  of  the 
University  of  Minnesota. 

The  second  meeting  was  held  Oct.  14.  After 
inspecting  a  bookbindery  the  club  met  at  a 
neighboring  cafe,  dined  together,  discussed 
technicalities  of  library  work,  and  enjoyed  a 
report  of  the  Philadelphia  conference  from  Dr. 
Hosmer,  and  an  account  by  Dr.  Victor  Nilsson 
of  a  recent  visit  to  some  foreign  libraries.  The 
meetings  are  wholly  informal,  but  none  the 
less  pleasant  and  profitable. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 
CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter.  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 

THE  25th  regular  meeting  of  the  Library  As- 
sociation of  Washington  City,  being  the  first 
meeting  of  the  present  season,  was  held  at  the 


708 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


Columbian  University,  on  the  evening  of  Oct. 
27.  About  60  persons  were  present,  and  Presi- 
dent W.  P.  Cutter  presided.  The  following 
new  members  were  added  to  the  roll :  Miss 
Eva  H.  Quinn,  Miss  Anne  S.  Ames,  Miss 
Blanche  Brown,  Thorvald  Solberg,  W.  T. 
Swingle,  D.  G.  Fairchild,  J.  M.  C.  Hansen, 
Allen  D.  Slauson,  Dr.  Herbert  Friedenwald,  A. 
P.  C.  Griffin,  A.  R.  Kimball,  Thomas  H.  Clark, 
Hugh  A.  Morrison,  Jr.,  and  George  Kearney. 

Dr.  Cyrus  Adler  announced  the  death  of  Dr. 
Justin  Winsor,  president  of  the  A.  L.  A.,  and  a 
committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  prepare 
resolutions  expressing  the  regret  of  the  asso- 
ciation at  this  loss  to  the  library  world.  The 
following  were  adopted  : 

"The  Library  Association  of  Washington  City  has 
heard  with  profound  regret  of  the  death  of  Justin  Win- 
sor, librarian  of  Harvard  University,  president  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  and  sometime  librarian 
of  the  Boston  Public  Library,  and  president  of  the  Amer- 
ican Historical  Association. 

"This  society  recognizes  the    great   services  of  Mr. 
Winsor  for  a  period  of  thirty  years  as  librarian,  historian, 
and  bibliographer,  and  records  its  deep  sense  of  the  loss 
which  American  scholarship  sustains  in  his  death. 
CYRUS  ADLER,  | 

H.  CARRINGTON  BOLTON,  \Comtnittee. 
WM.  L.  BOYDEN."  | 

No  program  had  been  prepared  for  the  meet- 
ing, but  the  evening  was  mainly  devoted  to 
story-telling,  or,  in  other  words,  the  roll  was 
called  and  each  member  was  given  an  oppor- 
tunity of  relating  some  of  their  bibliographical 
experiences  during  the  summer.  The  Phila- 
delphia conference  was  recalled  from  many 
points  of  view,  and  a  number  of  interesting 
matters  were  presented.  Dr.  H.  C.  Bolton  told 
of  the  remissness  of  many  librarians  in  failing 
to  return  the  check  lists  for  his  catalog  of  peri- 
odicals—  25  per  cent,  of  those  to  whom  it  had 
been  sent  having  failed  even  to  acknowledge 
its  receipt.  Miss  Edith  E.  Clarke  described  the 
special  library  of  the  Society  for  the  Home  Study 
of  Holy  Scripture,  which  has  recently  been 
moved  to  Washington.  Mr.  Cole  spoke  of  visits 
to  libraries  in  Toronto,  Ottawa,  and  Quebec; 
Mr.  Cheney  related  experiences  in  the  libraries 
of  Baltimore;  and  Mr.  Cutter,  for  Miss  Hawks 
and  Miss  Barnett,  told  of  two  valuable  bibli- 
ographies that  had  been  prepared  by  these 
ladies  this  summer,  on  sugar  beets  by  the  for- 
mer and  on  poultry  by  the  latter,  which  have 
been  published  by  the  Department  of  Agricult- 
ure. Mr.  Cutter,  after  speaking  of  his  own 
bibliographical  experiences  in  a  Canadian  club, 
whose  members  "do  nothing  but  fish,"  gave 
an  interesting  account  of  a  visit  to  the  Phila- 
delphia Commercial  Museum  and  its  library, 
where  75  catalogers  are  employed.  Mr.  Ber- 
nard R.  Green  described  the  moving  of  the 
books  from  the  old  quarters  of  the  new  Libra- 
ry of  Congress  building,  and  finally  related  see- 
ing what  no  one  in  this  generation  had  before 
witnessed,  viz.,  the  old  library  room  in  the 
Capitol  with  empty  shelves,  the  room  swept  and 
dusted  and  Mr.  Spofford  seated  with  his  hat  on, 
resting, 

Although  the  roll  was  then  but  half  called 
the  meeting  adjourned  at  9.45  p.m. 

F.  H.  PARSONS,  Secretary. 


Cibrarj)  Schools  anb  Staining  (Elaeses. 

COLUMBIAN  UNIVERSITY. 

THE  Columbian  University,  at  Washington, 
has  initiated  a  course  in  library  science,  to  meet 
the  demand  for  training  in  library  work  in  that 
city.  The  course  is  one  of  the  regular  four- 
year  courses  of  the  Corcoran  Scientific  School 
of  the  University,  and  will  lead  to  the  degree 
of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Library  Science. 
Provision  is  also  made  for  students  to  complete 
the  purely  technical  part  of  the  course  in  two 
years,  and  to  receive  a  certificate  of  proficiency. 

The  first  class  was  organized  on  Wednesday, 
October  13,  and  short  addresses  were  delivered 
by  Dr.  C.  E.  Munroe,  dean  of  the  Scientific 
School,  and  A.  R.  Spofford,  director  of  the 
School  of  Library  Science.  Sixteen  students 
have  registered. 

This  course  is  unique  in  that  all  the  special 
instruction  is  given  in  the  evening.  Several 
students  are  in  the  service  of  the  government, 
and  take  this  method  of  paying  their  expenses 
while  pursuing  this  course.  The  Columbian 
University  Library,  of  about  15,000  volumes,  will 
be  used  for  practice  by  the  class. 

The  faculty  thus  far  selected  are  :  A.  R. 
Spofford,  director,  and  Professors  H.  Carring- 
ton  Bolton,  W.  P.  Cutter,  and  Henderson  Pres- 
nell.  Mr.  Spofford  is  the  well-known  assistant 
librarian  of  the  Library  of  Congress  ;  Mr.  Bol- 
ton has  published  a  number  of  valuable  works 
on  bibliography,  some  of  which  are  familiar  to 
all  librarians;  Messrs.  Cutter  and  Presnell  are  li- 
brarians of  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  and  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Education  respectively.  Other  members  of  the 
faculty  will  be  named  at  an  early  date. 

Library  matters  in  Washington  are  becoming 
more  and  more  prominent,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
this  school  will  be  of  great  assistance  to  the 
local  library  association  in  advancing  library 
work  in  the  city.  W.  P.  CUTTER. 

NEW  YORK  STA  TE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 
LIST   OF   STUDENTS,    1897-98. 

THE  fall  term  opened  Wednesday,  October  6, 
with  the  following  students: 

Senior  class. 

Bailey,  Arthur  Low,  Tufts  College,  1894-96. 

Brown,  Edna  Adelaide,  Brown  University, 
1894-96. 

Cook,  William  Burt,  Jr.,  B.A.  Cornell  Univer- 
sity, 1896. 

Flagg,  Charles  Alcott,  B.A.  Bowdoin  College, 
1894. 

Garvin,  Ethel,  Brown  University,  1893  —  96. 

Hunt.  Clara  Whitehill. 

Imhoff,  Ono  Mary,  A.B.  Woman's  College  of 
Baltimore,  1896. 

Morse,  Anna  Louise,  B;A.  Smith  College,  1892. 

Sherrill,  Cecelia  Adelaide,  B.A.  Smith  College, 
1895. 

Wilson,  Ellen  Summers. 

Wyer,  James  Ingersoll,  Jr.,  University  of  Min- 
nesota, 1895-96. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


709 


Junior  class. 

Baker,  Ethel,  Ph.B.  Northern  University,  1892; 
Chicago  University,  1892-94. 

Creighton,  John  Barber,  Ph.B.  Colgate  Uni- 
versity, 1897. 

Daggett,  Caroline  Mayhew. 

Gracie,  Helen  Blackie. 

Guggenheimer,  Aimee,  B.A.  Woman's  College 
of  Baltimore,  1896. 

Hyatt,  Bertha  Evelyn,  B.A.  Wellesley  College, 
1896. 

Laer,  Arnold  Johan  Ferdinand  van. 

Lane,  Lucius  Page,  B.S.  Massachusetts  Institute 
of  Technology,  1894;  B.A.  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, 1895;  M.A.,  1896. 

Mathews,  Mrs.  Jessie  Frances  Holmes,  Ph.B. 
Drury  College,  1883  ;  Wellesley  College, 


McCall,  Catharine. 

Miersch,  Ella  Emilie,  B.A.  Vassar  College, 
1897. 

Rombauer,  Bertha  Emilie. 

Shaw,  Robert  Kendall,  B.A.  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, 1894. 

Smith,  Laura. 

Windeyer,  Margaret. 

Windsor,  Phineas  Lawrence,  Ph.B.  Northwest- 
ern University,  1895. 

Wood,  Harriet  Ann,  B.A.  Vassar  College,  1893; 
University  of  Chicago,  1894-95. 

The  Thanksgiving  recess  will  extend  from 
Wednesday  noon,  November  24,  to  Monday 
noon,  November  29. 

The  Christmas  recess  will  begin  Friday,  De- 
cember 24,  and  close  Monday,  January  3,  1898. 

The  visit  of  the  school  to  Boston  libraries  will 
take  place  April  6  to  April  15. 

The  school  year  will  close  Tuesday,  June  24. 
SALOME  CUTLER  FAIRCHILD. 


AFLALO,  F.  G.     The  literary  year-book,  1897. 

London,  George  Allen,  1897.     12+300  p.  16°. 

This  volume  is  a  first  attempt  at  a  year-book 
of  literature;  and,  as  originally  planned,  it  was 
to  have  been  "  purely  a  work  of  references  for  all 
connected  with  the  making  of  books."  A  num- 
ber of  features  of  more  general  interest,  how- 
ever, have  been  added,  among  them  portraits 
and  biographical  sketches  of  some  of  the  Brit- 
ish writers  of  the  day.  The  volume  contains 
considerable  matter  of  interest  to  librarians, 
and  to  these  features  these  remarks  are  con- 
fined. 

There  is  a  chapter  on  the  British  Museum  in 
which  are  described  the  rules  governing  the 
use  of  its  treasures  and  the  methods  of  obtain- 
ing books,  etc.,  in  the  reading-rooms.  A 
number  of  the  leading  libraries  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland  are  briefly  described, 
though  one  is  rather  astonished  that  no  mention 
is  made  of  any  of  the  great  libraries  of  Liver- 
pool, Manchester,  and  Birmingham.  Similar 
descriptions  of  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Par- 
is, and  of  the  Koniglische  Bibliothek,  Berlin, 
are  given.  It  may  not  be  generally  known  that 


these  two  libraries,  unlike  the  British  Muse- 
um, conduct  lending  departments,  which,  how- 
ever, are  confined  to  duplicate  volumes.  Im- 
agine a  wait  of  two  hours  for  a  book  in  a 
reading-room  in  an  American  library,  and  note 
the  following  of  Berlin  :  "  Books  ordered  before 
9  a.m.  are  available  at  n  a.m. ;  and  similarly 
those  ordered  by  n  a.m.  and  i  p.m.  are  respec- 
tively available  by  i  p.m.  and  3  p.m.  Books 
ordered  between  i  p.m.  and  3  p.m.  are  brought 
with  all  possible  despatch.  No  applications 
are  received  after  3  p.m.,  nor  are  there  any 
intermediate  deliveries  of  books." 

James  D.  Brown  contributes  a  list  of  the 
principal  libraries,  public  (rate-supported),  state, 
collegiate,  endowed  and  proprietary,  of  the 
United  Kingdom.  With  the  name  of  each  li- 
brary there  is  usually  given  the  year  of  founda- 
tion and  the  number  of  volumes.  The  libraries 
which  are  represented  in  the  Library  Association 
are  starred,  and  it  is  surprising  how  small  a 
number  are  thus  represented.  Nearly  200  of 
the  libraries  belong  to  London  alone. 

An  alphabetical  list  of  the  chief  literary  clubs, 
learned  societies  and  institutions  in  Great  Bri- 
tain and  Ireland  is  also  given.  The  date  of  foun- 
dation, object,  publications,  as  well  as  the 
address  of  the  club,  and  name  of  the  secretary, 
are  among  some  of  the  interesting  items  given 
in  connection  with  each  club  on  the  list. 

A  four-page  list  of  a  few  bibliographical  and 
typographical  terms  in  more  general  use  and  a 
three-page  list  of  technical  terms  in  the  various 
processes  of  reproduction,  are  given;  and  there 
is  a  directory  of  British  authors,  one  of  pub- 
lishers, and  a  third  of  booksellers.  Not  the 
least  interesting  and  useful  to  librarians  is  the 
five-page  list  of  recipes  for  bookmen,  including 
recipes  for  restoring  the  writing  on  old  deeds, 
removing  grease  spots  on  paper,  restoring  the 
gloss  of  fine  bindings,  preserving  bindings  from 
mildew,  the  preservation  of  bindings  generally, 
etc.  S:  H.  R. 

DIXSON,  Mrs.  Zella  Allen.  The  comprehensive 
subject  index  to  universal  prose  fiction.  New 
York,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  1897.  10+422  p. 
O.  subs. 

A  year  or  so  ago  Mr.  James  Brown,  in  an 
article  in  The  Library,  suggested  a  subject 
classification  of  fiction,  and  appended  some  de- 
lightfully amusing  illustrations  of  his  proposi- 
tion. The  plan  thus  humorously  outlined  had, 
nevertheless,  its  serious  side,  and  it  is  probable 
that  most  of  those  entertained  by  the  jeu  d"es- 
prit  breathed  a  hope  that  the  plan  suggested  in 
jest  might  some  day  be  carried  out  in  earnest. 
An  adequate  and  carefully  analyzed  list  of  rep- 
resentative fiction,  classified  under  subjects, 
would  be  a  boon  to  librarians  and  to  a  multi- 
tude of  readers,  but  it  is  hard  to  conceive  of  a 
bibliographical  task  more  difficult  or  requiring 
more  fitness  and  painstaking  labor  on  the  part 
of  its  compiler.  For  it  would  be  necessary  to 
draw  the  line  between  novels  good  and  novels 
indifferent  ;  to  realize  that  emotions  are  not 
facts  nor  love-stories  sociological  documents  ; 
to  be  constantly  wary  of  the  pitfall  of  the  ridicu- 


yio 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{November,  '97 


lous  ;  and  above  all  to  beware  of  the  danger  of 
breaking  a  butterfly  on  a  wheel,  and  reading  a 
"  purpose  "  into  books  that  are  not  pedagogues 
but  companions. 

Such  a  work  as  the  title  and  announcements 
of  the  present  volume  would  indicate  it  to  be, 
should  have  met  these  demands,  and  that  it 
would  do  so  was  the  hope  of  many  who  have 
waited  with  interest  for  its  appearance.  The 
book  proves  to  be  a  title  list  of  novels  and  juve- 
nile tales  —  chiefly  American  and  English,  with 
a  sprinkling  of  foreign  books  —  arranged  alpha- 
betically under  a  variety  of  subjects.  The 
number  of  books  included  is  not  stated,  but  it 
must  reach  several  thousand,  and  for  the  ac- 
cumulation and  assortment  of  this  mass  of 
material  the  compiler  merits  the  praise  that  in- 
dustry must  always  command.  Here  commen- 
dation of  the  book  must  end,  and  it  must  be  said 
that  the  work  as  a  whole  reflects  discredit  not 
only  on  the  author,  who  is  proved  incompetent 
for  her  task,  but  on  the  publishers,  whose  long 
association  with  scholarly  bibliography  makes 
their  imprint  on  this  volume  a  matter  of  surprise. 
The  aim  seems  to  have  been  to  include  as  many 
novels  as  could  be  dragged  together,  under  as 
many  headings  as  a  fertile  imagination  could 
supply,  and  this  has  been  achieved  at  the  sacri- 
fice of  cohesion,  accuracy,  and  common  sense, 
while  the  mechanical  details  of  bibliographical 
and  typographical  correctness  show  a  careless- 
ness that  even  a  good  proofreader  might  ordi- 
narily be  expected  to  prevent. 

Glancing  first  at  the  classification,  it  is  appar- 
ent that  the  majority  of  the  books  listed  are 
personally  unknown  to  the  compiler,  and  that 
the  title  has  furnished  the  main  clue  to  their 
contents.  On  page  i  we  find  the  subject  Abbeys, 
with  subdivisions  under  the  names  of  individual 
establishments.  Here,  apparently,  abbeys  cre- 
ated by  the  novelist  are  accepted  as,  and  listed 
indistinguishably  with,  bona  fide  institutions, 
for  "  Nightmare  Abbey"  follows  Innisfoyle  and 
Melrose,  while  "  Seamew  Abbey,"  the  home  of 
mysteries  and  crime  conceived  by  the  lively  brain 
of  Florence  Warden,  precedes  Tavistock.  On 
the  next  page,  under  Adventures,  it  is  also  evi- 
dent that  anything  with  "adventures"  in  its 
title  is  entitled  to  entrance,  for  here  are  the 
"Adventures  of  Ann,"  Miss  Wilkins'  simple 
stories  of  colonial  New  England,  "Adventures 
of  Huckleberry  Finn,"  "Adventures  of  Sher- 
lock Holmes,"  "  Simple  adventures  of  a  mem- 
sahib,"  and  the  "  Adventures"  of  the  "  House- 
boat" and  the  "Phaeton"  rubbing  shoulders 
with  one  another  and  with  an  equally  motley 
company. 

A  few  other  examples  will  suffice  to  illus- 
trate this  method  of  "  classification  at  sight"  : 
under  Allegories,  Haggard's  "  She  "  is  the 
amazed  companion  of  "  Pilgrim's  progress." 
Kenneth  Grahame's  charming  stories  of  Eng- 
lish child-life,  "The  golden  age,"  have  been 
enjoyed  by  rn^ny  grown-up  children,  who  will 
now  learn  for  the  first  time  that  they  cover  the 
"subjects"  of  Ancient  History:  First  Century 
A.D.,  and  Life  of  Christ,  under  which  latter 
division  also  we  find  "  Trooper  Peter  Halkett  of 
Mashonaland  "  !  Under  Cavaliers,  mixed  in  with 


tales  of  Roundheads  and  Loyalists,  is  Miss  Sea- 
well's  children's  life  of  George  Washington,  "  A 
Virginia  cavalier,"  which,  however,  is  not  found 
under  the  name  of  Washington.  From  the  divi- 
sion Homiletics  "  The"  little  minister  "  looks  out 
with  surprised  questioning.  Under  India,  How- 
ells'  "  Indian  summer  "  and  Kipling's  "Light 
that  failed  "  find  refuge,  the  former  being  evi- 
dently ticketed  by  its  title,  while  as  for  the  latter 
the  theory  seems  to  be  that  as  it  is  by  Kipling  it 
ought  to  be  about  India,  even  if  it  isn't.  New 
York  City  has  nearly  a  score  of  titles,  but  they 
do  not  include  Ford's  "Honorable  Peter  Ster- 
ling," although  room  has  been  found  for  Fred- 
eric's "  Seth's  brother's  wife:  a  story  of  greater 
New  York,"  the  sub-title  —  which  refers  to  the 
state,  not  the  city  —  being  given  a  thoroughly 
up-to-date  interpretation.  The  inclusion  under 
Slavery  of  Mrs.  Alexander's  "Forging  the  fet- 
ters "  is  in  keeping  with  the  general  scheme 
of  this  "classification."  In  Pedagogy  "Little 
Schoolmaster  Mark  "  nearly  equals  the  placing 
of  Marie  Corelli's  "  Mighty  atom  "  under  Rela- 
tion of  the  sexes;  while  in  Slum  stories  Fielding's 
"Tom  Jones"  and  Merriman's  "Flotsam,"  a 
story  of  the  Indian  Mutiny,  which  is  not  entered 
under  India  or  the  mutiny,  make  confusion 
worse  confounded.  Indeed,  one  emotion  that 
comes  uppermost  as  one  glances  over  this 
astonishing  hodge-podge  is  a  longing  that  the 
authors  here  classified  might  see  themselves  in 
this  list  and  know  at  last  on  what  subjects  they 
really  wrote.  Surely  H.  G.  Wells  would  learn 
with  amused  amazement  that  his  phantasma- 
goria of  vivisection  horrors,  "  The  island  of  Dr. 
Moreau,"  dealt  with  Spiritualism ;  Howells, 
we  think,  would  wonder  when  he  had  become 
responsible  for  the  volume  "The  quality  of 
crime,"  mysteriously  fathered  upon  him  ;  Irv- 
ing might  protest  that  the  "  Conquest  of  Gra- 
nada "  was  not  altogether  a  novel,  and  surely 
if  De  Quincey's  "  Murder  considered  as  a  fine 
art"  is  to  be  listed  as  a  contribution  to  "pur- 
pose "  fiction,  Elia's  essay  on  roast  pig  ought 
to  have  due  entry  under  Domestic  economy. 
After  these  examples  it  is  with  more  pity  than 
mirth  that  we  contemplate  Prof.  Le  Plongeon's 
learned  archaeological  treatise  on  Mayan  antiq- 
uities, "  Queen  Mo6  and  the  Egyptian  sphinx," 
figuring  on  page  &6  as  a  novel  relating  to 
Egypt. 

In  history  the  classification  is  even  more  awry 
than  in  other  divisions.  Such  entries  as  Bul- 
wer's  "  Last  of  the  barons  "  under  Barons'  -war', 
the  confusion  of  James  i.  of  Scotland  with 
James  I.  of  England;  the  placing  of  books  on 
the  Commune  under  history  of  France  in  the 
i8th  century;  the  inclusion  of  Thackeray's 
"  Four  Georges  "  as  historical  fiction;  the  classi- 
fication of  Robin  Hood  under  history  of  Eng- 
land in  both  the  I2th  and  I4th  centuries,  cannot 
be  explained  as  the  result  of  carelessness  alone, 
while  the  final  touch  is  given  in  the  fact  that 
Jacobites,  Jacobins,  and  Jacquerie  are  evidently 
synonymous  terms  in  the  mind  of  the  compiler, 
books  on  all  three  subjects  being  entered  under 
Jacobites. 

Bibliographically  and  typographically,  the 
book  is  no  more  creditable.  To  cite  but  a  few  of 


November ',  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


711 


the  more  glaring  errors,  it  may  be  noted  that  Du 
Maurier's  "  Trilby"  is  evidently  believed  to  be 
a  translation  from  the  French,  as  both  the  orig- 
inal and  the  "  English  translation  "  are  listed  ; 
"John  Inglesant"  is  attributed  on  page  48  to 
Joseph  Holt  Ingraham  ;  Stephen  Crane,  on 
page  341,  figures  as  the  author  of  "The  cat 
and  the  cherub"  ;  Howard  Pyle,  we  are  told, 
is  the  creator  of  "  Beautiful  Joe  ";  Beckford  is 
evidently  believed  to  have  produced  two  master- 
pieces—  there  is  no  other  explanation  of  the  two 
entries  "History  of  the  Caliph  Vathek "  and 
"Vathek,  an  Arabian  tale,"  under  Arabia; 
German  titles  are  almost  invariably  misspelled, 
and  minor  inaccuracies  in  titles  and  authors' 
names  are  legion  —  such  entries  as  Meredith's 
"Shaving  a(!)  Shagpat"  —  under  Arabia  —  and 
McLeod's  "  Startling  "  may  be  taken  as  exam- 
ples of  many.  Indeed,  a  further  consideration 
of  the  work  would  be  more  fittingly  pursued  in 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  column  of  "  Humors  and 
Blunders "  than  in  the  serious  department  of 
"  Reviews." 

Of  the  selection  itself,  it  can  only  be  said 
that  it  is  in  keeping  with  the  general  execution 
of  the  book.  Evidently  the  chief  object  in 
view  has  been  to  accumulate,  not  to  select. 
Novels  are  included  that  do  not  deserve  consid- 
eration on  any  grounds  ;  out  of  date  and  out  of 
print  books  are  indiscriminately  entered  ;  and 
a  list  that  includes  books  by  A.  C.  Gunter, 
Florence  Warden,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Lewis,  of  Fire- 
side Companion  fame,  Mrs.  Georgie  Sheldon,  G. 
W.  M.  Reynolds,  and  their  ilk,  should  hardly 
pretend  to  give,  as  the  author  claims,  a  "wise 
and  satisfactory  answer  to  the  much  repeated 
question  '  What  can  I  read  ?'  " 

It  is  difficult  to  determine  what  measure  of 
usefulness  such  a  work  possesses.  It  is  prob- 
able that  it  will  serve  as  a  guide  in  some 
degree  to  many  —  though  it  is  unlikely  that  the 
reader  who  draws  Howells'  "  Indian  summer" 
as  a  novel  of  India  will  again  trust  implicitly  to 
its  direction.  That  it  falls  so  far  short  of  what 
it  might  have  been  and  should  have  been  is  a 
matter  of  much  regret.  Dispraise  is  an  un- 
pleasing  and  an  unprofitable  exercise,  but  there 
is  another  side  to  the  matter  ;  it  is  not  fair 
to  readers  or  librarians  that  a  tool  for  which 
they  have  paid  and  from  which  they  have  ex- 
pected good  service  should  be  marred  in  the 
making  and  accepted  by  them  unwittingly  as 
something  that  it  is  not  and  cannot  be. 

H.  E.  H. 

FOOTE,  Elizabeth  Louisa.  The  librarian  of  the 
Sunday-school :  a  manual  ;  with  a  chapter 
on  the  Sunday-school  library,  by  Martha 
Thorne  Wheeler.  N.  Y.,  Eaton  &  Mains, 
1897.  86  p.  S. 

Miss  Foote,  who  is  a  B.L.S.  of  the  New 
York  Library  School,  has  in  this  little  man- 
ual given  an  excellent  and  practical  guide  for 
the  administration  of  a  Sunday-school  library, 
which  it  is  to  be  hoped  may  be  appreciated  by 
those  for  whom  it  is  intended.  Some  doubt, 
perhaps,  mingles  with  this  aspiration,  for  as  a 
rule  the  Sunday-school  library  is  rather  a  dis- 


couraging subject  for  library  reform,  and  in 
its  administration  hit-or-miss  methods  evolved 
from  the  inner  consciousness  of  its  custodians 
are  likely  to  prevail  over  the  stricter  rules  of 
the  trained  librarian.  Strict,  however,  the  lines 
laid  down  in  this  little  volume  are  not.  Indeed, 
they  are  excellently  adapted  for  varying  needs 
and  practices,  and  will  give  helpful  suggestions 
for  the  conduct  of  small  secular  libraries.  Miss 
Foote  writes  clearly  and  simply  of  the  prelimi- 
naries of  shelving,  classification,  and  cataloging, 
of  the  preparation  of  the  simplest  form  of  a 
printed  catalog;  of  the  details  of  issuing  books; 
and  of  the  proper  methods  for  selection  of  new 
books,  repairs  of  old  ones,  and  the  preparation 
of  an  annual  report.  Explanatory  diagrams 
and  specimen  entries  are  also  given.  These  prac- 
tical details  are  supplemented  by  Miss  Wheeler's 
excellent  short  essay  on  "The  Sunday-school 
library,"  reprinted  from  Library  Notes ,  in  which 
the  ethical  and  literary  standards  that  should 
govern  the  choice  of  books  are  discussed  with 
sense  and  thoroughness;  methods  of  awakening 
an  intelligent  interest  in  the  books  are  also 
touched  upon,  and  there  is  a  short  reference 
list  of  catalogs  and  other  works  useful  in  the 
selection  of  books  for  the  Sunday-school  li- 
brary. 

GREENWOOD,  Thomas,  *</.  Greenwood's  library 
year-book,  1897  :  a  record  of  general  library 
progress  and  work.  London,  Cassell,  1897. 
10+323  p.  12°. 

Mr.  Greenwood,  it  is  evident,  understands 
"the  gentle  art  of  making  enemies";  for  in 
this,  the  first  library  year-book,  he  uses  vigor- 
ous language  in  denouncing  individuals,  some 
of  whom  have  already  been  moved  to  reply  in 
terms  equally  vigorous.  In  the  introduction 
the  editor  discusses  what  has  been  done,  is  be- 
ing done,  and  remains  to  be  done  in  the  library 
field.  330  public  libraries  have  been  established 
in  Great  Britain  under  the  various  acts  since 
1850;  265  being  in  England,  32  in  Scotland,  17  in 
Ireland,  and  16  in  Wales.  Mr.  Greenwood 
claims  that  the  libraries  of  the  United  Kingdom 
excel  those  of  the  United  States,  except  in  the 
schemes  of  classification,  apparatus,  and  the 
"  administration  of  the  details  of  management." 
"  There  is  positively  no  comparison  between 
the  amount  and  variety  of  work  accomplished 
in  the  libraries  of  the  two  countries." 

A  year-book  should  above  all  things  be  ac- 
curate and  up  to  date,  yet  it  may  be  said  that 
this  year-book  often  errs  in  both  these  details. 
On  page  5  we  read,  "Librarians,  both  in 
England  and  America,  have  for  years  been 
flirting  with  what  is  variously  called  '  free  ac- 
cess '  or  '  open  access,'  but  none  of  them  ever 
dreamed  of  organizing  it  as  a  system  of  lending 
for  public  libraries  till  in  1894  the  library  author- 
ities of  Clerkenwell  .  .  .  established  it  with- 
out flourish  or  ceremony.  .  .  .  Nothing  of 
the  sort  had  ever  been  tried  before,  and  natu- 
rally it  cost  the  older  librarians  a  severe  effort 
to  swallow  their  traditional  and  ex-ojpcio  dis- 
trust of  the  public."  This  is  certainly  a  sur- 
prising statement-  to  appear  in  a  library  year- 


712 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


book,  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  refer  to  the 
LIBRARY  JOURNAL  of  May,  1890(15  : 136),  where 
Mr.  Brett  describes  the  rearrangement  of  the 
Cleveland  Public  Library  for  the  purposes  of 
public  access.  In  the  same  volume,  p.  296, 
further  reference  is  made  to  the  experience  of 
Cleveland.  In  discussing  the  English  opposi- 
tion to  public  access  the  denunciation  of  "an 
individual  who  had  pecuniary  interests  in  a  li- 
brary indicator  "  seems,  at  a  distance  of  3000 
miles,  rather  uncalled  for. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  chapters  of 
the  volume,  all  confined  to  the  United  Kingdom  : 
The  early  history  of  the  public  library  move- 
ment, by  W.  E.  A.  Axon  ;  Public  library  legis- 
lation, by  H.  W.  Fovargue  ;  How  to  adopt  the 
acts  ;  Heating,  lighting,  and  ventilating  public 
libraries,  by  J.  W.  Hart  ;  The  rating  and  taxa- 
tion of  public  libraries,  by  W.  R.  Credland  ; 
The  training  of  public  library  assistants,  by  J. 
J.  Ogle  ;  Procedure  in  the  formation  of  public 
libraries,  by  J.  D.  Brown  ;  Recent  develop- 
ments of  library  practice  ;  Administrative  work, 
by  J.  D.  Brown  ;  On  Sunday  labour  in  national 
public  libraries,  museums,  and  art  gallaries,  by 
the  Rev.  Canon  Barnett  ;  The  great  fiction  ques- 
tion. 

Of  chief  interest  to  Americans  is  the  alpha- 
betical list  of  British  rate-supported  libraries 
established  under  the  various  public  libraries  or 
other  acts,  giving  particulars  of  establishment, 
organization,  staff,  methods,  and  librarians. 
There  are  also  lists  of  endowed,  collegiate, 
proprietary,  and  other  British  libraries,  the 
principal  libraries  of  the  British  colonies  and  of 
the  United  States.  In  these  lists  the  informa- 
tion given  is  meagre,  the  list  for  the  United 
States  being  taken  from  the  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion statistics  of  1893.  A  chapter  is  devoted  to 
"  Library  associations  and  kindred  societies," 
and  to  obituary  notices  of  seven  English  libra- 
rians. An  appendix  contains  Mr.  Gladstone's 
speech  at  the  opening  of  the  St.  Martin-in-the- 
Fields  Public  Library,  in  February,  1891. 

The  brief  outline  of  the  contents  of  the  vol- 
ume indicates  that  this  year-book  hardly  ful- 
fils its  purpose,  which  as  stated  in  the  preface 
is  to  give  "a  survey  of  the  whole  question,  as 
it  presents  itself  in  the  various  countries." 

S:  H.  R. 

HAYES,  R.  P.,  comp.     Publications  of  the  state 
of  Ohio,  1803-1896;  together  with  an  index 
to  the  executive  documents.     Norwalk,   O., 
Laning  Printing  Co.,  1897.     4  +  72  p.  O. 
The  list  of  adequate  bibliographies  of  state 
publications  is  so  small  a  one  that  every  addi- 
tion to  the  record  is  matter  for  special  gratifica- 
tion.    The  present  pamphlet  carries  Ohio  into 
a  foremost  place  among  the  few  states  in  which 
bibliographical  record  is  recognized  as  a  chief 
function  of  the  state  library,  and  its  publication 
is  a  matter  of  congratulation  to  the  Ohio  State 
Library  and  of  satisfaction  to  all  who  have  lost 
themselves  in   the  mazes  of  state  documents. 
As  library  commissioner  of  the  state,  Mr.  Hayes 
could  have  performed  no  more  useful  task  than 
the  compilation  of  the  present  list,  and  it  is  to 


be  hoped  that  his  work  may  furnish  an  example, 
as  it  supplies  a  model  for  similar  undertakings, 
in  other  state  libraries. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  list  the  form  adopted 
is  rather  unusual,  but  possesses  decided  merits. 
Publications  are  listed  under  the  names  of 
officers  or  departments  issuing  them,  which 
are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  as  Adjutant- 
general,  Agriculture,  Archaeological  and  His- 
torical society,  etc.  The  actual  record  is  given  s 
in  tabular  form,  listing  in  one  column  the  suc- 
cessive dates  of  the  several  reports  or  other 
publications,  and  in  a  second  the  volumes  of 
the  executive  documents  in  which  they  may 
also  be  found.  This,  though  in  some  cases 
wasteful  of  space,  gives,  nevertheless,  an  im- 
mediate index  clue  to  any  report  for  any  year 
or  years,  and  makes  the  consultation  of  the  list 
extremely  simple.  Preceding  each  tabular  rec- 
ord is  a  brief  statement  of  the  office  or  institu- 
tion following,  with  date  of  establishment,  note 
of  successive  changes  in  name,  if  any,  and  any 
other  essential  facts  regarding  it.  Since  1836 
the  executive  documents  of  the  state  have  con- 
tained nearly  all  reports  or  publications  also 
issued  separately;  these,  as  stated,  are  virtually 
indexed  in  the  record  of  each  department,  but 
in  addition  there  is  a  separate  "index  to  the 
executive  documents,"  in  which  all  reports  bound 
up  in  the  document  volumes  find  systematic 
record.  In  view  of  the  chronological  confu- 
sions, changes  of  form,  and  perplexing  "mis- 
fits "  always  found  in  any  large  collection  of 
connected  pamphlets  or  official  documents,  it  is 
interesting  to  see  how  excellently  Mr.  Hayes' 
tabulated  plan  has  worked  and  how  well  the 
extensive  material  with  which  he  deals  has 
been  "  boiled  down"  to  a  clear  and  simple  rec- 
ord. In  some  cases  it  must  be  said  that  in- 
telligibility has  been  sacrificed  to  brevity,  at 
least  as  regards  the  majority  of  the  entries 
under  "  Miscllaneous  reports  and  publications," 
where  such  entries  as  "  Ashtabula  bridge  dis- 
aster, 1877,"  give  no  clue  to  the  actual  nature 
of  the  publication  or  its  method  of  issue.  The 
list  as  a  whole  is  essentially  practical;  it  gives 
little  bibliographical  data,  but  as  a  simple  and 
sufficient  guide  to  the  publications  of  the  state 
it  is  of  direct  usefulness  and  importance.  Per- 
haps the  best  proof  of  its  success  lies  in  the  fact 
that  the  time,  thought,  and  detailed  work  that 
have  been  given  to  it  are  so  little  apparent  in 
the  simplicity  of  the  result  achieved.  A  subject 
index  adds  much  to  its  ready  use. 

OGLE,  John  J.  The  free  library:  its  history 
and  present  condition.  Lond.,  George  Allen, 
1897.  20  +  344  p.  D. 

This  is  the  initial  volume  in  The  Library 
Series,  undertaken  under  the  editorship  of  Dr. 
Richard  Garnett,  who  in  a  few  pleasant  words 
of  "  general  introduction  "  describes  the  field 
which  it  is  planned  to  cover.  The  present  age, 
he  tells  us,  has  had  varied  designations;  it  has 
been  styled  the  Age  of  Steam,  the  Age  of  Ve- 
neer, and  the  Age  of  Talk;  but  more  than  these, 
perhaps,  it  is  entitled  to  be  styled  the  Age  of 
Books.  In  no  respect  is  the  predominance  of 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


713 


the  Book  so  strongly  shown  as  in  the  ever- 
growing curiosity  for  information  and  gossip  on 
all  that  pertains  to  it  —  its  makers,  its  contents, 
its  publishers,  its  custodians,  its  depositories. 
The  literature  of  the  book,  as  a  book,  is  full  to 
overflowing,  but  the  literature  of  libraries  and 
librarians,  the  homes  and  custodians  of  the  book , 
has  hardly  attained  sufficient  proportions  to 
satisfy  this  public  interest.  In  the  present  se- 
ries it  is  hoped  to  give  practical  and  readable  in- 
formation on  the  free  libraries  of  Great  Britain, 
on  library  architecture  and  fittings,  on  library  ad- 
ministration, on  the  prices  of  books,  and  similar 
subjects.  This  first  volume  is  fittingly  devoted 
to  "  The  free  library,"  and  is  an  interesting  and 
comprehensive  resume  of  the  development  of 
free  public  libraries,  with  statistical  and  de- 
scriptive accounts  of  the  most  notable  of  the 
free  libraries  in  the  United  Kingdom. 

Mr.  Ogle,  who  is  librarian  of  the  Bootle  Free 
Library,  begins  with  a  chapter  on  library  de- 
velopment up  to  1855,  when  the  Ewart  act  laid 
the  foundation  for  the  progress  of  future  years. 
He  tells  us  that  the  earliest  free  town  libraries 
in  Great  Britain  date  from  the  beginning  of  the 
1 7th  century,  when  collections  of  books  were 
bequeathed  to  city  corporations.  "  One  such 
was  founded  at  Norwich  in  the  year  1608.  The 
greater  part  of  the  original  books  of  this,  the 
oldest  city  free  library  with  a  continuous  history 
to  the  present  day,  are  now  housed  in  the  Nor- 
wich Free  Public  Library."  The  city  library 
formed  in  Bristol  in  1615  is  still  accessible  to 
the  public  in  the  Bristol  Central  Free  Library  of 
to-day.  These  libraries  and  others  of  later  date, 
though  at  times  conducted  by  private  societies, 
were  never  it  is  thought  restricted  from  the 
use  of  seekers  after  knowledge.  The  growth  of 
the  movement  is  briefly  traced  from  these  early 
days  to  the  present  time,  when  Mr.  Ogle  esti- 
mates that  "  there  cannot  be  fewer  than  six  or 
seven  hundred  free  libraries  established  in  300 
towns,  parishes,  or  districts  under  the  Public 
Libraries  act  of  the  United  Kingdom.  These 
libraries  contain  5,000,000  volumes,  and  have 
an  annual  issue  of  from  25,000,000  to  30,000,- 
ooo."  The  chapter  on  "  The  development  of 
the  free  library "  is  an  interesting  summary  of 
the  most  potent  influences  in  library  progress; 
among  them  the  A.  L.  A.  and  L.  A.  U.  K. 
and  their  organs,  and  the  recent  English  ex- 
periments toward  training  of  assistants  and  free 
access.  Brief  biographical  sketches  of  "Some 
past  workers  and  present  benefactors,"  includ- 
ing Edward  Edwards,  Andrew  Carnegie,  Pass- 
more  Edwards,  Sir  John  Lubbock,  and  others, 
conclude  Book  I.,  and  Book  II.  is  devoted  to 
"  Brief  histories  of  typical  libraries,"  chapters 
being  given  to  the  British  Museum  and  Guild- 
hall libraries,  London  libraries  under  the  acts, 
representative  free  libraries  in  the  first,  second, 
and  third  class  towns,  free  libraries  in  small 
towns  and  villages,  and  endowed  and  voluntary 
free  libraries.  An  appendix  gives  detailed  sta- 
tistical tables,  and  there  is  a  good  index.  Nat- 
urally, the  book  is  intended  for  an  English 
public,  but  it  is,  nevertheless,  of  interest  and 
usefulness  to  American  libraries  as  a  record  of 
library  progress. 


Cibrarj)  Qrconomn  anb  ijisiorri. 

GENERAL. 

FLETCHER,   W:   I:    The    public  library  move- 
ment    in    organized    form.     (In  The  Citizen, 
September,  1897.     3: 157.) 
A   review   of    the   history  and   work  of  the 

American  Library  Association. 

FOOTE,  Elizabeth  L.  The  children's  home  li- 
brary movement.  (In  The  Outlook,  Septem- 
ber 18,  1897.  57:172.) 

There  are  64  libraries  of  this  sort  now  in  use 
by  as  many  groups  of  children  in  Boston,  where 
the  work  began  in  January,  1887. 
HUMPHREYS,  Arthur  L.     The  private  library  : 
what  we  do  know,  what  we  don't  know,  what 
we  ought  to  know  about  our  books,     zd  ed. 
London,  Strangeways,  1897.     8  +  162  p.  12°. 
Despite  the  author's    prejudice  against  free 
libraries,  which  he  thinks  of  "doubtful  good," 
his  little  book  is  one  of  interest  and  value  to 
those  engaged  in  the  work  of   such  libraries, 
for  it  contains  many  practical  hints  on  the  col- 
lection and  care  of  books,  pleasantly  presented. 
LOCAL. 

Adams,  Mass.  The  corner-stone  of  the  new 
G.  A.  R.  Memorial  Building  and  Public  Library 
was  laid  on  Sept.  25,  by  President  McKinley. 
The  exercises  were  conducted  under  the  auspices 
of  the  local  G.  A.  R.,  and  a  short  address  was 
made  by  the  President. 

Allegheny,  Pa.  Carnegie  F.  L.  (7th  rpt. — 
year  ending  Feb.  28,  '97.)  Added  4041  ;  total 
32,273  ;  lost  16.  Issued,  home  use  117,101 
(fict.  84  #) ;  ref.  use  63,035  ;  Sunday  use  6185. 
New  cards  issued  1735  ;  total  cards  in  force 
15,017.  Receipts  $15,000  ;  expenses  $14,969.11. 

There  was  a  decrease  of  5783  v.  in  the  circu- 
lation, attributed  to  the  closing  of  the  library 
for  repairs  during  August.  The  circulation  of 
fiction  has  fallen  1%  from  the  previous  year  ; 
this,  however,  is  notable  chiefly  in  the  depart- 
ment of  juvenile  fiction,  which  has  shown  a 
gradual  improvement  ever  since  the  library  was 
opened  ;  "on  the  other  hand,  the  percentage  of 
adult  fiction  read  has  been  gradually  rising, 
although  not  so  rapidly  as  the  percentage  of 
juvenile  fiction  has  fallen.  There  are  two 
theories  to  explain  this  fact.  One  is  that  the 
young  are  more  susceptible  to  improvement 
than  adults.  The  other  is  that  as  the  supply  of 
juvenile  fiction  has  been  cut  down  more  rapidly 
than  that  of  adult  fiction  the  young  have  taken 
to  reading  the  fiction  intended  for  older  readers. 
No  statistics  are  kept  of  the  reading  of  juvenile 
books  other  than  fiction,  but  the  wearing  out 
of  many  books  of  this  class,  notably  in  history, 
indicates  an  increased  use  in  that  direction." 
The  reference  use  of  the  library  is  steadily  in- 
creasing ;  "the  Sunday  attendance  has  been 
especially  large,  and  the  question  of  an  age 
limit  for  Sunday  readers  may  be  necessary  be- 
fore long."  More  room  is  also  becoming  a 
necessity. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


Atlanta,  Ga.  Y.  M.  L.  The  new  book- 
room  was  opened  on  the  evening  of  Sept.  ir, 
when  an  informal  reception  was  held  to  cele- 
brate the  completion  of  alterations  and  improve- 
ments in  the  library.  The  new  room  occupies 
the  space  formerly  given  to  the  hall,  the  book- 
room  and  a  rear  veranda,  and  is  as  attractive 
as  it  is  spacious  ;  it  is  lighted  by  a  skylight 
and  by  numerous  windows,  and  is  harmoni- 
ously decorated,  with  woodwork  of  Georgia 
pine  and  walls  that,  according  to  Miss  Wallace, 
are  "  as  blue  as  Georgia  skies."  The  main  hall 
of  the  library,  containing  the  librarian's  desk, 
has  been  left  practically  unaltered,  but  a  boys' 
room  has  been  established,  in  which  the  high- 
school  students  and  others  may  study,  read,  or 
write. 

Bridgeport  (Ct.)  P.  L.  The  first  art  exhibi- 
tion of  the  season  was  opened  on  Oct.  16,  to 
continue  to  Nov.  27.  It  is  devoted  to  black  and 
white  original  drawings  from  the  foremost  illus- 
trators of  the  country,  and  to  examples  of 
amateur  photography  from  wheelmen.  The 
second  exhibition  will  represent  artistic  lithog- 
raphy. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  A.  The  association 
held  its  first  meeting  of  the  autumn  on  the 
evening  of  Oct.  21.  It  was  reported  that  the 
proposed  central  library  in  the  old  public  school 
building  no.  3  was  in  process  of  organization, 
and  it  was  decided  to  endeavor  during  the  win- 
ter to  establish  reading-rooms  in  some  of  the 
small  city  parks. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Since  its  opening  as 
a  free  public  library  on  Sept.  I  the  use  of  all  de- 
partments of  the  library  has  been  phenomenal. 
During  the  week  ending  Oct.  2  the  average  cir- 
culation was  2000  v.  daily,  nearly  500  books  a 
day  being  issued  from  the  children's  department 
alone.  The  open-shelf  collection  of  8000  v.  has 
proved  most  popular,  and  the  supply  of  books 
for  this  department  cannot  meet  the  demand, 
though  large  additions  are  being  constantly 
made.  At  the  end  of  September  over  17,000 
borrowers  had  been  enrolled.  The  separate 
newpaper-room  in  the  lower  part  of  the  city 
was  opened  Sept.  16,  and  has  been  largely 
used;  four  branch  stations  are  also  to  be  estab- 
lished in  distant  sections  for  the  receipt  and 
delivery  of  books.  The  importance  of  the  li- 
brary has  also  been  brought  to  the  attention 
of  the  schools  in  various  ways,  and  a  talk  on 
how  to  make  the  best  of  the  opportunities  it 
offers  was  given  by  Superintendent  Elmendorf 
to  the  pupils  of  the  Central  high  school  on 
Sept.  23. 

Butte  (Mont.)  F.  P.  L.  The  library  is  kept 
constantly  before  the  public,  through  the  medi- 
um of  the  press  of  the  state,  with  excellent  re- 
sults. No  regular  bulletin  is  issued,  but  special 
lists,  record  of  additions,  etc.,  are  brought  to 
general  notice  through  newspaper  articles  and 
lists  prepared  by  the  librarian. 

Cleveland,  O.  Case  L.  The  library  has  is- 
sued an  interesting  little  "  handbook,"  giving  a 
brief  history  of  its  past  and  present  organiza- 


tion, information  for  readers,  and  the  rules  and 
officers.  It  is  illustrated  by  several  views  of 
the  interior  of  the  library  and  by  portraits  of 
the  members  of  the  Case  family  most  closely 
connected  with  its  growth. 

The  second  exhibition  illustrating  amateur 
photography  was  held  at  the  library  from  Nov. 
1-6. 

Dayton  (0.)  P.  L.  During  the  last  year  the 
library  has  been  carrying  on  a  regular  training 
class  for  its  library  staff,  which  has  also  included 
the  most  promising  of  the  applicants  for  posi- 
tions in  the  library.  Miss  Doren  writes  :  "  It 
has  proved  a  wholesome  and  effective  means  of 
reorganizing  and  improving  our  library  staff, 
and  is  introducing  civil  service  principles  into 
the  methods  of  appointment  to  service  here. 
These  are  the  incidental  advantages  :  the  main 
issue  is  better  work,  more  alert  and  intelligent 
assistants,  pride  in  the  institution,  and  hope  in 
working  for  it." 

Within  the  past  few  months  the  library  ar- 
rangement has  been  altered  so  as  to  permit 
public  access  to  the  shelves. 

Des  Moines  (fa.)  P.  L.  The  library  lawsuit 
has  been  decided  by  the  supreme  court  of  the 
state,  which  holds  that  the  city  council  was 
authorized  in  its  refusal  to  levy  a  tax  for  the 
erection  of  a  new  library  building.  The  case 
was  summarized  in  the  L.  j.  for  April,  1897 
(p.  213).  It  was  practically  a  test  of  the  validity 
of  the  library  act  passed  by  the  26th  general 
assembly  by  which  the  authority  to  fix  the 
amount  of  library  taxation  was  delegated  to 
library  boards.  The  supreme  court  affirms  that 
the  legislature  has  no  authority  to  transfer  the 
taxing  power  in  this  way;  it  also  holds  that  the 
people  of  Des  Moines  never  in  any  manner 
assented  to  the  power  exercised  by  the  library 
board,  as  the  board  was  created  and  vested 
with  power  subsequent  to  the  vote  of  the  people 
which  established  the  library.  The  opinion  of 
the  district  court  in  refusing  to  grant  a  man- 
damus compelling  the  council  to  levy  the  tax 
is  sustained. 

Durham  (N.  C.)  P.  L.  The  corner-scone  of 
the  library  building  was  laid  on  the  afternoon 
of  Sept.  4,  with  Masonic  ceremonies  and  in  the 
presence  of  about  2000  persons.  Durham  is  said 
to  be  the  first  town  in  North  Carolina  to  have  a 
public  library  in  a  building  of  its  own. 

East  Bridgewater,  Mass.  IVashburn  L.  The 
dedication  of  the  Washburn  Library  occurred 
on  the  morning  of  Sept.  22.  The  library,  which 
has  been  in  process  of  erection  for  several 
years,  is  the  gift  of  Cyrus  Washburn,  of  Welles- 
ley  Hills,  a  native  of  the  town,  and  cost  $10,000. 
It  is  of  brick,  with  granite  basement  35x65,  in 
Queen  Anne  style,  two-storied,  with  a  tower  14 
feet  square. 

Evanston  (III.)  F.  P.  L.  (24th  rpt. — year 
ending  May  31,  '97.)  Added  3164;  total  18,778. 
Issued,  home  use  7i,i2O(fict.  46^^;  juv.  22$); 
no  statistics  of  ref.  use  are  kept;  new  registra- 
tion 1906;  total  cards  in  use  4193.  Receipts 
$12,401,36;  expenses  $8966.15. 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


7*5 


The  directors  say  "the  past  year  has  been 
an  eventful  one.  It  has  been  a  period  of  re- 
adjustment, readaptation,  and  extension.  The 
intent  has  been  to  improve,  practicalize,  and 
make  the  work  of  the  library  more  effective 
along  established  lines,  taking  up  only  such  new 
work  as  our  present  organization  and  resources 
would  enable  us  to  properly  handle,  and  which 
seemed  to  give  promise  of  accomplishing  the 
greatest  amount  of  good." 

How  much  has  been  accomplished  in  these 
directions  the  report  itself  will  show.  The 
library  hours  have  been  lengthened  to  almost 
twice  their  previous  extent,  active  relations 
have  been  established  with  the  schools — the 
lack  of  space  for  a  children's  department  mak- 
ing this  the  only  means  of  direct  work  with  the 
children;  printed  bulletins  of  additions  have 
been  issued  bi-monthly;  the  reclassification  of 
the  library  by  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire,  and  the  dic- 
tionary card  catalog  made  by  Miss  M.  E.  Gale, 
were  both  completed;  and  an  annotated  finding 
list  was  prepared,  which  is  noticed  elsewhere 
(see  p.  221).  A  special  meeting  for  teachers,  li- 
brarians, and  others  interested  in  educational 
progress  was  held  on  Dec.  4,  which  proved  an 
influence  for  good  in  the  development  of  the 
library.  Miss  Lindsay  points  out  the  need  of 
increased  facilities  of  space  and  attendance, 
and  says  "the  field  is  developing  faster  than 
our  ability  to  meet  its  growing  requirements." 
A  brief  historical  sketch  of  the  library  since  its 
organization  as  the  Evanston  Library  Associa- 
tion in  1870  is  given. 

Gloucester,  Mass.  A  building  for  a  free  pub- 
lic library  has  been  given  to  Gloucester  by  Rev. 
J.  J.  Healy.  The  purpose  of  the  building, 
which  has  been  in  course  of  erection  for  some 
time  past,  was  but  recently  announced;  it  will 
probably  be  completed  by  next  spring.  Father 
Healy  intends  to  give  his  own  private  library 
of  about  1000  v.  as  a  nucleus  for  the  stocking 
of  the  building,  and  plans  that  the  library  shall 
be  wholly  non-sectarian  and  as  well  equipped 
and  comprehensive  as  possible.  The  building 
is  to  be  two-storied,  of  brick.  Over  the  en- 
trance will  be  the  name  "Free  City  library" 
and  the  inscription  "The  gift  of  Rev.  J.  J. 
Healy,  P.R." 

Hartford  (Ct.)  P.  L.  (4Qth  rpt.  —  year  end- 
ing June  I,  '97.)  Added  5725;  total  "about 
57,500."  Issued,  home  use  201,532,  of  which 
3065  was  from  branches.  New  registration 
2049;  total  registration  17,970;  "live"  cards 
11,609.  Receipts  $13,856.24  ;  expenses  $13,- 
929.70,  showing  a  net  deficit  of  73.46. 

"  There  has  been  a  notable  increase  in  the 
number  of  non-fiction  books  drawn.  The  per- 
centage of  such  books  called  for  during  the 
past  year  has  been  about  22%,  as  against  20 £ 
for  the  previous  year,  and  17  £  the  year  before 
that.  The  greatest  gain  is  shown  in  the  num- 
ber of  books  of  modern  languages  drawn.  This 
is  doubtless  due  in  no  small  measure  to  the 
considerable  additions  within  the  past  year  or 
two  of  books  in  the  German,  Swedish,  and 
Danish  languages,  which  have  been  much 
used." 


Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L.  After  having  been 
closed  for  alterations  for  nearly  three  weeks, 
the  library  was  reopened  on  Sept.  8.  The 
changes  made  have  not  only  rendered  it  much 
more  attractive,  but  will  add  greatly  to  its 
efficiency.  The  most  important  is  the  rear- 
rangement by  which  free  access  is  given  to  all 
books  except  fiction. 

Milwaukee  ( Wis.}  P.  L.  At  the  September 
meeting  of  the  library  board  a  petition  was 
presented  from  500  Bohemians,  asking  that  an 
appropriation  be  made  for  the  purchase  of 
Bohemian  books. 

Minneapolis  (Minn.)  P.  L,  A  flagrant  case 
of  book  mutilation  came  to  light  on  Sept.  18, 
when  Robert  C.  Somers  was  indicted  by  the 
grand  jury  to  stand  trial  for  that  offence.  Som- 
ers, who  was  a  student  at  the  state  university, 
and  has  been  a  tutor  in  Latin  and  Greek,  is 
charged  with  mutilating  a  copy  of  Demosthenes, 
orations  belonging  to  the  library.  It  was  stated 
that  last  June  he  obtained  the  book  from 
the  shelves  and  deliberately  tore  out  some  70 
pages,  which  he  carried  away  after  restoring 
the  volume  to  its  place.  The  difference  in  the 
text  used  by  Somers  and  that  of  the  other  stu- 
dents later  attracted  the  attention  of  one  of  the 
professors  in  the  university,  who  reported  his 
suspicion  to  Dr.  Hosmer,  the  librarian.  The 
matter  was  investigated  and  a  complaint  sworn 
out,  and  Somers  was  placed  under  arrest  as 
soon  as  possible.  The  pages  of  text  torn  out 
had  been  bound  in  paper  covers,  but  a  com- 
parison with  the  mutilated  volume  showed  that 
the  leaves  exactly  fitted. 

Naperville,  III.  Nichols  Memorial  L.  Work 
was  begun  early  in  October  on  the  library 
building.  It  is  to  be  a  one-story  structure,  of 
brick  and  brown-stone,  with  stock  capacity  of 
25,000  v.,  and  will  cost  $10,000. 

Nashua,  N.  H.  The  decision  in  the  famous 
Hunt  memorial  library  case  was  handed  down 
on  Sept.  20  by  the  county  commissioners,  the 
owners  of  the  Greeley  property  being  awarded 
the  sum  of  $36,848.55,  with  legal  interest  from 
Jan.  14,  1896,  the  date  of  the  meeting  at  which 
the  city  council  voted  to  take  the  property  by 
right  of  eminent  domain.  The  commissioners 
also  order  the  city  to  pay  the  costs  of  the  hear- 
ing, $121.73. 

The  case  has  occupied  the  attention  of  citi- 
zens, lawyers,  the  supreme  court  and  the  city 
councils  since  the  spring  of  1892,  when  Mrs. 
Mary  Hunt  and  her  daughter,  Mary,  gave  the 
city  of  Nashua  $50,000  to  erect  a  memorial  li- 
brary to  the  late  John  M.  Hunt.  By  the  terms 
of  the  gift  the  city  was  to  select  and  purchase 
a  lot  for  the  library  and  the  $50,000  was  to  be 
used  to  erect  a  building.  The  city  councils 
formally  accepted  the  gift,  and  for  a  few  brief 
weeks  there  was  peace  and  joy  in  Nashua. 
Then  began  a  heated  argument  among  towns- 
people and  city  authorities  as  to  whether  the 
site  should  be  on  the  "north  side"  or  the 
"south  side  "  of  the  river,  and  memorials,  reso- 
lutions, and  ordinances  were  promulgated  suffi- 
cient to  fill  a  volume.  In  the  meantime  the 


7i6 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


library  trustees  decided  upon  a  lot  known  as 
the  Greeley  site,  and  began  negotiations  with 
the  owner,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Greeley,  for  the  pur- 
chase of  the  land  and  buildings.  Later,  how- 
ever, the  council  decided  to  do  nothing  further 
about  selecting  a  site,  and  Mrs.  Greeley  sold 
the  property  to  a  syndicate.  No  sooner  was  this 
done  than  the  library  trustees  and  city  councils 
agreed  that  the  property  must  be  chosen,  and 
forthwith  they  offered  the  new  owners  the 
sum  of  $35,000,  to  be  paid  from  the  city  treas- 
ury, and  $5000  to  be  raised  by  popular  subscrip- 
tion. A  deed  of  the  property  dated  Oct.  14, 
1892,  was  drawn  up,  and  was  signed  by  the  own- 
ers when  some  further  hitch  occurred  and  the 
deed  was  not  passed.  Then  came  a  series  of 
petitions  for  and  against  the  site;  the  attorney- 
general  decided  that  the  purchase  must  be 
made;  the  matter  was  taken  to  the  supreme 
court,  and  again  a  decision  was  rendered  that 
the  property  must  be  the  site  of  the  library,  and 
though  several  hearings  were  subsequently 
held  during  1894  and  1895,  the  decision  of  the 
court  remained  unchanged. 

During  this  time  Mrs.  Hunt  had  died,  and 
Miss  Mary  Hunt  had  petitioned  the  court  for 
the  return  of  her  gift,  her  petition  being  denied. 
Finally,  Jan.  14,  1896,  the  city  councils  voted  to 
take  the  Greeley  property  by  right  of  eminent 
domain,  and  awarded  the  owners  a  sum  of  be- 
tween $30,000  and  $33,000,  which  they  refused 
to  accept.  The  owners  appealed  to  the  county 
commissioners  to  award  them  a  fair  price  for 
the  property,  and  claimed  that  it  was  worth 
$45,000.  The  hearing  before  the  commissioners 
was  set  for  Aug,  17,  1896,  and  from  that  date  to 
the  latter  part  of  August,  1897,  the  hearing 
dragged  along,  being  continually  postponed  on 
one  ground  or  another.  It  was  finally  com- 
pleted last  month  and  is  ended,  so  far  as  the 
commissioners  are  concerned,  with  the  decision, 
now  announced. 

During  these  five  years  the  greater  part  of 
the  $50,000  given  by  the  Hunts  has  faded  slowly 
but  surely  away  with  the  failures  of  the  local 
savings  banks.  When  it  was  received  it  was 
divided  into  four  parts,  $12,500  apiece  being  de- 
posited in  the  Nashua,  Mechanics'  and  City 
Guarantee  savings  banks  and  with  the  New 
Hampshire  Banking  Company.  Of  these  insti- 
tutions three  have  closed  their  doors,  and  all 
that  has  been  rescued  is  the  amount  received 
through  the  30  per  cent,  dividends  which  the 
Nashua  and  Mechanics'  banks  have  declared. 

The  decision  is  regarded  by  the  counsel  for 
the  city  as  a  victory,  yet  it  has  been  an  expen- 
sive one.  It  is  estimated  that  the  counsel  fees 
amount  to  nearly  $4000,  which  considerably  in- 
creases the  purchase  price.  Whether  or  not  the 
syndicate  will  appeal  to  the  supreme  court  has 
not  been  stated. 

New  Bedford  (Mass.)  P.  L,  In  summarizing 
the  report  of  this  library  in  the  Sept.  L.  j.  (p. 
450),  it  was  stated  that  the  circulation  of  fiction 
and  juveniles  was  61  %.  This  was  an  error,  the 
actual  percentage  of  these  classes  of  reading 
being  78  %.  The  former  figure  "  would  be  very 
gratifying  to  us,"  writes  Mr.  Pennock,  "and 


no  doubt  the  envy  of  most  librarians  —  if  libra- 
rians allow  themselves  such  ignoble  feelings  as 
envy.  But  besides  being  contrary  to  the  facts 
the  publication  of  our  next  report  would  be 
likely  to  give  the  impression  that  we  were  fast 
going  to  the  bad.  About  three  years  ago,  when 
we  first  began  a  classified  record  of  circulation, 
the  books  classed  as  fiction  sustained  over  85  % 
of  the  total.  By  keeping  the  later  books  on  an 
open  case  in  the  public  room,  and  by  the  use  of 
printer's  ink  in  various  forms,  we  have  brought 
down  the  percent,  of  fiction  to  its  present  figure, 
and  we  hope  our  next  report  will  show  an  im- 
provement over  this  one." 

An  effective  method  of  advertising  begun  last 
spring  has  been  the  use  of  printed  slips  listing 
new  books  added  from  week  to  week,  copies  of 
which  have  been  sent  to  the  public  schools  for 
distribution. 

New  York,  Columbia  Univ.  L.  The  mag- 
nificent new  library  building  of  Columbia  Uni- 
versity on  Morningside  Heights  was  opened  on 
Oct.  4,  when  the  opening  exercises  of  the  I44th 
academic  year  were  held  in  its  beautiful  read- 
ing-room. The  removal  of  the  books  was  ac- 
complished during  the  summer  months,  and  at 
the  date  of  opening  the  library  was  in  working 
condition.  In  its  new  building  Columbia  now 
possesses  one  of  the  finest  university  libra- 
ries in  the  country,  and  in  its  equipment  and 
decoration  no  care  has  been  spared  to  achieve 
the  highest  efficiency  and  beauty.  At  the  open- 
ing exercises  of  the  university  a  special  feature 
was  the  singing  of  the  dedication  hymn,  com- 
posed by  C:  Alex.  Nelson,  deputy  librarian. 

New  York  P.  L. — As  tor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
Foundations.  Final  decision  on  the  plans  for 
the  new  library  building  will  be  made  in  No- 
vember. The  second  competition  closed  on 
Nov.  i,  when  the  drawings  sent  in  by  the  12 
competitors  were  submitted  to  a  jury  of  seven, 
composed  of  three  practising  architects  selected 
by  the  competitors,  three  members  of  the  board 
of  trustees,  and  Dr.  Billings,  the  director  of  the 
library.  This  jury  will  select  three  designs,  of 
which  one  will  be  finally  chosen  by  the  trustees 
and  submitted  for  approval  to  the  Board  of  Es- 
timate and  Apportionment. 

On  Oct.  4  a  dictionary  card  catalog  (including 
analytical  entries)  of  all  accessions  to  the  li- 
brary since  March,  1896,  was  installed  in  the 
main  room  of  the  Astor  building.  To  it  addi- 
tions will  be  constantly  made,  covering  late  ac- 
cessions and  the  books  listed  in  the  other  cata- 
logs, until  finally  it  becomes  a  complete  index 
to  the  contents  of  the  library.  The  drawers  of 
the  cabinet  are  removable,  and  users  are  re- 
quired to  take  them  out  for  examination,  thus 
obviating  blocking  the  use  of  the  catalog  by 
others.  This  catalog  comes  as  a  boon  to  users 
of  the  library.  Heretofore  the  search  for  a 
book  has  been  a  matter  requiring  courage  and 
fortitude.  There  were  first  the  four  volumes  of 
the  first  printed  catalog  to  be  consulted,  in 
which  were  recorded,  by  authors  only,  and  often 
in  curious  fashion,  books  added  before  1860  ; 
then  came  the  four  volumes  of  the  second 
printed  catalog  covering  1860-1880;  then  fol- 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


717 


lowed  the  card  catalog,  begun  in  1880,  of  later 
additions,  which  was  in  most  respects  an  ex- 
ample of  what  a  card  catalog  should  not  be, 
while  the  worn,  grimy,  and  unpleasant  condi- 
tion of  the  entire  series  made  handling  them  as 
disagreeable  materially  as  it  was  exasperating 
mentally.  It  is  estimated  that  the  completion 
of  the  new  card  catalog  will  require  about  three 
years. 

New  York,  Maimonides  L.  (Rpt.  — 16 
months,  Jan.  i,  1896 -April  30,  '97.)  A  recent 
change  in  the  fiscal  year  necessitated  the  exten- 
sion of  this  report  to  cover  16  months.  The 
statistics  are  as  follows:  Added  1890;  total 
46,783.  Issued,  home  use  139,701  (Eng.  fict. 
38  £;  German  fict.  64$);  ref.  use  45,772.  Cards 
in  use  2700. 

The  most  important  event  of  the  year  in  the 
library's  history  is  the  removal  to  new  quarters 
at  $8th  st.  and  Lexington  ave.,  which  give 
many  advantages  of  arrangement  and  conven- 
ience. The  preparation  of  a  printed  catalog  of 
the  Americana  contained  in  the  library  is  in 
progress,  and  will  be  carried  out  in  elaborate 
form.  Appended  to  the  report  are  interesting 
tables  of  the  comparative  popularity  of  various 
standard  authors  and  of  divers  subjects. 

Newark  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.  Plans  for  the  new 
building  of  the  Newark  Public  Library  were 
accepted  on  Oct.  7  by  the  jury  of  award,  which 
consisted  of  Prof.  A.  D.  F.  Hamlin,  of  Columbia 
University,  E.  H.  Duryee,  of  the  library  board, 
and  F.  P.  Hill,  librarian.  The  successful  archi- 
tects are  Rankin  &  Kellogg,  of  Philadelphia, 
whose  design  was  chosen  from  38  submitted. 
It  fulfils  admirably  the  conditions  outlined  in 
the  terms  of  competition,  and  promises  to  be  a 
fine  example  of  library  architecture.  Its  cost 
is  guaranteed  not  to  exceed  $188,000,  the  limit 
of  cost  set  by  the  library  authorities  having 
been  $190,000.  The  drawings  and  full  details 
have  not  yet  been  made  public.  It  was  recently 
decided  to  establish  five  travelling  libraries  of 
20  v.  each  for  use  in  the  various  fire  stations 
of  the  city.  A  collection  of  foreign  books  — 
Polish  and  Italian  —  were  added  to  the  library 
in  October,  at  the  request  of  residents  of  those 
nationalities.  The  fourth  annual  exhibition  of 
art-books  belonging  to  the  library  was  held  on 
Oct.  28. 

Ohio  State  L.,  Columbus.  The  library  has  be- 
gun the  publication  of  a  Bulletin,  of  which  no. 
I  of  vol.  i  appeared  six  weeks  since,  for 
June  of  this  year.  It  records  in  author  and 
classified  lists  accessions  to  the  library  from 
January  to  June,  1897,  and  gives  information  as 
to  rules  for  the  use  of  the  library  and  of  the 
travelling  libraries  conducted  by  it. 

Passaic  (N.  J.)  P.  L.  A  small  juvenile  li- 
brary has  been  placed  at  the  Dundee  branch, 
from  which  the  circulation  of  books  has  but  re 
cently  begun.  One  of  the  most  useful  of  re- 
cent additions  to  the  library  has  proved  to  be  a 
large  blackboard,  on  which  are  placed  literary 
notes,  book  news,  lists,  etc.;  a  new  bulletin- 
board  has  also  been  put  up. 


Philadelphia  F.  L.  The  passage  of  the 
$12,000,000  loan  bill  at  the  November  election 
by  a  majority  of  18,000  insures  a  new  building 
for  the  library,  as  $1,000,000  of  the  loan  is  to  be 
devoted  to  that  purpose.  This  library  item 
was  originally  incorporated  in  the  bill,  but  at  a 
meeting  of  the  common  council  in  September 
was  rejected  as  an  unnecessary  expense.  So 
immediate  and  forcible  were  the  protests  from 
the  press  and  the  public  that  at  a  later  meeting 
the  previous  decision  was  reconsidered  and  the 
item  again  inserted.  The  remainder  of  the 
loan  will  be  devoted  to  street-paving,  sewage, 
water  filtration,  a  public  art  gallery,  school 
buildings,  etc. 

Racine  ( Wis. )  P.  L.  The  library  was  formal- 
ly opened  in  the  afternoon  of  Sept.  9,  and  in 
the  evening  a  public  reception  with  appropriate 
exercises  was  held  in  the  council  chamber  of 
the  city  hall,  when  addresses  were  made  by  F. 
A.  Hutchins  and  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  of  the  state 
library  commission.  The  library  is  established 
in  pleasant  rooms  in  a  business  block  on  Main 
street,  and  opens  with  about  3000  v.,  the  first 
consignment  of  which  was  received  on  June  i, 
1897.  The  present  quarters  were  not  available 
until  Aug.  9,  so  that  just  one  month  was  occu- 
pied in  preparing  the  library  for  public  use; 
this  preparation  was  not  completed  at  the  date 
of  opening,  but  it  was  thought  best  to  let  the 
work  go  on  after  the  opening  of  the  library 
rather  than  keep  the  public  waiting.  The 
establishment  of  the  Racine  Library  is  the  re- 
sult of  work  begun  in  the  autumn  of  1895  by 
the  women  of  the  city,  money  for  the  purpose 
being  raised  by  gift  and  subscription  and  many 
books  being  given.  It  is  hoped  that  within 
three  months  the  library  will  be  thoroughly  or- 
ganized and  a  printed  catalog  published. 

Seattle  (  Wash.)  P.  L.  (6th  rpt.  —  year  ending 
Dec.  31,  '96.)  The  main  facts  of  this  report 
were  summarized  in  these  columns  at  the  time  it 
was  presented  to  the  city  authorities  (L.  J., 
Feb.,  1897,  p.  no).  The  pamphlet,  now  issued, 
gives  fuller  details  of  the  year's  work,  and 
shows  that  the  library  has  entered  upon  a  period 
of  gratifying  activity  and  usefulness.  The 
chief  factors  in  the  new  regime  are  a  change  in 
administrative  methods  and  removal  to  more 
advantageous  quarters,  By  the  adoption  of 
the  new  city  charter  the  library  commission 
heretofore  in  charge  of  the  library  has  been 
superseded,  and  the  librarian  has  been  made 
head  of  the  department,  responsible  only  to  the 
mayor  and  city  council.  All  appointments  of 
employes  were  brought  under  civil  service 
rules,  the  librarian  having  the  appointment  of 
all  his  subordinates;  and  a  new  library  commis- 
sion was  established,  whose  powers  were  prac- 
tically limited  to  the  making  of  "  proper  recom- 
mendations to  the  mayor,  city  council,  and 
librarian,  concerning  the  management  of  the 
library  and  the  purchase  of  books."  "This 
method  of  control,"  says  Mr.  Smith,  "  is  an  un- 
tried one,  so  far  as  I  know,  in  any  important 
library."  The  change  of  location  was  found  to 
so  materially  reduce  the  expenses  of  the  library 
that  it  was  possible  to  remove  the  charge  of 


7i8 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{November,  '97 


10  cents  per  month  for  borrowing  books,  which 
had  been  in  effect  for  a  year  owing  to  lack  of 
adequate  income  The  making  the  library 
wholly  free  again  was  also  accompanied  by  the 
adoption  of  free  access  to  all  books,  a  plan  made 
possible  by  the  arrangement  in  new  quarters. 
The  librarian  finds  that  while  the  system  causes 
some  additional  work  to  the  staff  to  keep  the 
books  in  order,  "the  saving  in  the  cost  of  serv- 
ing the  public  by  reason  of  each  person's  se- 
lecting his  own  books  at  the  shelves,  is  fully 
33%  per  cent. ;  this  is,  of  course,  far  in  excess 
of  any  possible  losses  to  be  incurred."  A  chil- 
dren's department  has  also  been  established,  a 
new  charging  system  introduced,  and  the  two- 
book  system  adopted.  "  About  one-fourth  of  the 
borrowers  have  availed  themselves  of  this  last 
privilege,  and  the  effect  in  tending  to  equalize 
the  circulation  of  the  different  classes  of  books 
has  been  marked."  A  bindery  has  been  estab- 
lished, and  a  monthly  bulletin  is  issued.  Mr. 
Smith's  report  is  a  most  interesting  one,  and 
the  enthusiasm  and  practical  energy  that  it 
shows  promises  well  for  the  future  upbuilding 
of  the  library. 

Spokane  (Wash.)  City  L.  About  500  new 
books  have  recently  been  ordered  for  the  libra- 
ry, which  now  contains  about  4000  v. 

Waterbury,  Ct.  Branson  L.  (28th  rpt.  —  year 
ending  Aug.  31,  '97.)  Added  1445;  total  53,684. 
Issued,  home  use  97,292  (fict.  .822 #);  lib.  use 
5468.  Cards  issued  2457.  Receipts  $53,707.49; 
expenses  $46,867.06. 

The  home  circulation  shows  a  gain  of  26%  % 
over  that  of  the  previous  year,  while  the  refe- 
rence and  reading  room  use  has  also  consider- 
ably increased. 

Extra  school  cards  were  issued  to  19  teach- 
ers during  the  year,  the  number  of  teachers 
availing  themselves  of  this  privilege  from  the 
beginning  being  204,  to  whom  1093  cards  have 
been  issued.  "  At  present  no  other  topic  makes 
so  great  a  demand  upon  the  resources  of  the  ref- 
erence shelves  and  the  time  of  the  library  force  as 
genealogy,  and  the  number  of  new  genealogical 
works  and  of  works  in  progress  is  astonishingly 
great."  Mr.  Bassett  says,  "I  have  never  fa- 
vored free  admission  to  the  shelves  as  is  al- 
lowed in  some  libraries  —  but  if  after  fair  trial 
it  is  found  that  the  objections  do  not  far  out- 
weigh the  advantages,  it  will  not  be  too  late  to 
follow  those  who  are  trying  the  experiment." 

Wauwatosa,  Wis.  Harwood  P.  L.  The 
library  which  was  on  the  evening  of  Sept.  7 
formally  presented  to  the  city  of  Wauwatosa, 
and  which  will  be  maintained  in  the  future  at 
public  expense,  instead  of  by  private  subscrip- 
tion and  the  Harwood  estate,  is  one  of  the  best 
small  libraries  in  Wisconsin.  It  was  started 
about  six  years  ago,  and  occupies  an  attractive 
little  building  in  a  convenient  location  in  East 
Main  street.  The  library  has  an  interesting 
history  as  to  origin,  which  is  briefly  thus: 

The  library  was  established  by  the  estate  of 
the  late  Oliver  Harwood,  for  years  a  wealthy 
citizen  of  Wauwatosa,  which  contributed  a  por- 
tion of  the  income  of  the  estate  toward  the  for- 


mation of  a  public  library.  In  the  will  of  Mr. 
Harwood  provision  was  made  for  the  payment 
of  a  certain  portion  of  the  interest  of  the  estate 
toward  the  work  of  Christian  education,  and  it 
was  believed  that  this  direction  could  be  no 
better  carried  out  than  by  devoting  a  portion  of 
the  fund  to  a  good  library.  Later  a  lot  was 
purchased  and  presented  to  the  library  trustees 
as  a  site  for  a  library.  A  subscription  was  then 
started  for  the  erection  of  a  new  building, 
which  cost  about  $3000.  At  present  there  are" 
2500  volumes  in  the  library. 

FOREIGN. 

Bergen,  Norway.  The  Public  Library  at 
Bergen,  Norway,  has  the  distinction,  unusual 
in  the  northern  countries  abroad  although  less 
so  in  Italy,  of  having  a  woman  for  chief  libra- 
rian. Miss  Valbag  Platon  has  held  that  post 
for  a  number  of  years,  and  has  increased  the 
library  in  that  time  from  a  small  nucleus  to 
70,000  volumes.  The  library  is  administered 
in  a  most  liberal  manner  and  is  a  notable  ex- 
ample of  the  good  work  of  a  woman  executive. 
It  occupies  the  upper  part  of  the  public  market 
building,  where  already  it  is  overcrowding  its 
limits,  in  close  proximity  to  the  fish-market, 
which  is  the  centre  of  Bergen  activity,  and 
where  on  Saturday  mornings  nearly  every 
family  in  the  city  is  represented  at  the  market- 
ing. Miss  Platon,  who  is  the  daughter  of  a 
former  mayor  of  the  city,  speaks  English  well, 
and  is  most  pleased  to  see  English  and  Ameri- 
can visitors.  The  library,  founded  by  the  sub- 
scription of  citizens,  is  now  supported  in  great 
measure  from  the  proceeds  of  the  liquor  sales, 
managed  in  Bergen  on  what  is  commonly 
known  as  the  Gothenberg  system. 

British  Museum  L.,  London.  The  Nation  for 
Oct.  21  contains  an  interesting  article  on  "  The 
principal  librarian  of  the  British  Museum,"  in 
which  not  only  is  the  personality  of  Sir  Edward 
Maunde  Thompson  gracefully  drawn,  but  the 
administrative  details  of  the  Museum  Libra- 
ry, its  officers  and  their  work,  are  described. 
There  are  in  all  about  360  persons  in  the  ser- 
vice of  the  library,  and  among  those  connected 
with  the  directive  work  are  names  of  distinc- 
tion in  the  varied  branches  of  knowledge. 

"  Only  men  who  have  taken  honors  at  a  uni- 
versity are  now  allowed  to  be  even  enrolled  as 
candidates  for  employment  on  the  staff  of  the 
Museum;  and  a  knowledge  of  the  Greek,  Latin, 
French,  and  German  languages  is  obligatory. 
The  principal  librarian's  immediate  staff  con- 
sists of  the  assistant  secretary,  the  accountant, 
three  first-class  assistants,  one  second-class 
assistant,  three  second-division  clerks,  two  boy 
copyists,  and  an  attendant.  Then  comes  that 
great  division  of  the  institution,  so  dear  to  book- 
men, the  Department  of  Printed  Books,  Maps, 
harts,  and  Plans.  Of  this  branch  Dr.  Richard 
arnett,  C.B.,  himself  a  walking  cyclopaedia,  is 
the  distinguished  head.  Under  him  are  three 
assistant  keepers,  of  whom  the  senior  is  Mr. 
~eorge  Fortescue,  a  most  popular  official. 
With  them  co-operate  14  assistants  of  the  first 
class  and  20  of  the  second  class.  These  gentle- 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOl/RNAL 


719 


men  are  all  scholars  of  exceptional  attainments. 
The  linguistic  acquirements  of  some  of  them  are, 
to  the  ordinary  student,  simply  amazing.  Mr. 
Bain,  for  example,  is  said  to  be  master  of  about 
30  languages,  mostly  Slavic.  But  even  he  does 
not  come  up  to  a  former  member  of  the  staff, 
Mr.  Martineau,  who  is  said  to  have  been  silent 
in  almost  all  the  languages  of  the  civilized 
world." 

The  annual  "  Return"  of  the  library,  for  the 
year  ending  April  6,  1897,  has  recently  been 
published.  The  total  unmber  of  visitors  was 
551,800,  and  the  visitors  to  the  reading-room 
were  191,363,  as  against  198,310  in  1891.  Dur- 
ing the  year  the  printing  of  the  annual  catalog 
has  progressed  as  far  as  "  Taylor."  Nearly 
12,000  v.  and  sets  of  pamphlets  were  bound, 
including  2462  v.  of  newspapers.  The  work  of 
indexing  the  provincial  newspapers  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  library  has  been  brought  down 
to  1894,  34,083  v.  having  been  examined  and 
73,267  titles  written. 


librarians. 


AMES,  Miss  Anne  Seymour,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '97,  has  accepted 
the  position  of  librarian  and  head  of  the  de- 
partment of  bibliology  in  Mt.  Vernon  Semi- 
nary, Washington,  D.  C.  Miss  Ames  is  arrang- 
ing a  valuable  course  intended  to  make  the 
girls  of  the  school  intelligent  users  of  libraries. 

BARROW,  Benjamin  S.,  librarian  of  the  Omaha 
(Neb.)  Public  Library,  resigned  his  position  on 
Sept.  27,  the  resignation  taking  effect  on  Oct. 
31.  No  new  librarian  was  named  by  the  board, 
but  Miss  Edith  Tobitt  was  appointed  cataloger 
and  acting  librarian.  Mr.  Barrows  succeeded 
the  late  Miss  Jessie  Allan  in  1895,  having  before 
his  appointment  been  connected  with  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  in  Omaha. 

BIRD,  Miss  Janet,  a  graduate  of  the  Pratt  In- 
stitute Library  School,  class  of  '94,  has  resigned 
the  position  of  librarian  of  the  Bisbee  (Arizona) 
Public  Library  to  become  librarian  of  the  Mil- 
lers ville  (Pa.)  State  Normal  School. 

CATTELL,  Miss  Sarah  Ware,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '90,  has  taken  the 
position  of  assistant  librarian  of  the  Drexel  In- 
stitute, Philadelphia,  and  assistant  in  the  libra- 
ry course. 

DAVIS,  Miss  Mary  L.,  head  cataloger  of  Pratt 
Institute  Library,  has  an  interesting  account  of 
"  The  American  librarians  in  Great  Britain  "  in 
the  October  number  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Monthly.  It  is  illustrated  by  several  good 
photographic  views,  and  is  a  graceful  and  pleas- 
ant narrative  of  that  delightful  experience. 

DONBAR,  Paul  Lawrence,  the  negro  poet, 
author  of  "Lyrics  of  lowly  life,"  has  been  ap- 
pointed attendant  in  the  reading-room  of  the 
Congressional  Library. 

DUVALL,  Miss  Linda,  of  Auburndale,  O.,  has 
been  appointed  librarian  of  Ohio  Wesleyan  Uni- 


versity, succeeding  the  late  Joseph  R.   Dickin- 
son. 

FOOTE,  Elizabeth  Louise,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '92,  has  been  ap- 
pointed cataloger  in  the  New  York  Public  Li- 
brary. 

FRIEDENWALD,  Dr.  Herbert,  was  on  Sept.  14 
appointed  Superintendent  of  the  Manuscript 
Department  of  the  Congressional  Library.  Dr. 
Friedenwald  was  born  in  Baltimore,  though  his 
home  has  recently  been  in  Philadelphia.  He 
is  a  graduate  of  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
where  he  received  the  degree  of  A.B.  in  1890. 
After  spending  a  year  in  travel  and  investiga- 
tion in  Europe  he  entered  the  post-graduate  de- 
partment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
order  to  pursue  studies  in  history,  more  par- 
ticularly in  American  history,  under  Prof.  John 
Bach  McMaster,  and  in  1894  he  received  the  de- 
gree of  Ph.D.  As  part  of  the  work  for  that 
degree  he  devoted  seven  months  in  1892-93, 
in  making  researches  among  the  records  of  the 
Continental  Congress  in  the  keeping  of  the 
State  Department.  Since  that  time  Dr.  Fried- 
enwald has  pursued  his  researches  at  the  His- 
torical Society,  Philadelphia,  and  elsewhere,  his 
work  dealing  extensively  with  -manuscript  mate- 
rial. He  has  earnestly  advocated  the  publication 
by  the  government  of  its  Revolutionary  archives, 
and  has  written  an  extensive  article  on  the 
journals  of  the  Continental  Congress,  with  bib- 
liographical addenda,  which  is  to  be  published 
by  the  American  Historical  Association.  At 
the  Philadelphia  conference  of  the  A.  L.  A.  he 
presented  a  valuable  paper  on  "The  care  of 
manuscripts,"  which  is  published  in  the  October 
(conference)  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 
He  has  also  made  many  important  contribu- 
tions to  the  publications  of  the  American  Jewish 
Historical  Society. 

GAGE-LANGWORTHY.  Miss  Louise  Langwor- 
thy,  of  the  New  York  State  Library,  class  of 
'97,  was  married  July  15,  1897,  to  William  Steb- 
bins  Gage. 

GALLINER,  Mrs.  Hannah  Rebecca,  librarian 
emeritus,  and  for  25  years  librarian  of  the  Bloom- 
ington  (111.)  Public  Library,  now  the  Withers 
Library,  died  at  her  home  in  Bloomington  on 
Oct.  19,  after  a  prolonged  illness.  Mrs.  (Milli- 
ner was  born  in  1832  in  Chester  county,  Pa. 
She  was  married  in  1850,  and  was  a  resident 
of  Bloomington  for  32  years.  In  1870  she  was 
elected  librarian,  the  library  at  that  time  being 
under  the  private  management  of  an  associa- 
tion of  women.  During  the  gradual  develop- 
ment of  the  library,  its  maintenance  as  a 
free  tax-supported  institution  and  its  final  es- 
tablishment in  the  handsome  Withers  library 
building,  Mrs.  Galliner  was  constant  and  de- 
voted in  her  service,  and  to  her  enthusiasm  and 
unflagging  work  its  growth  and  present  influ- 
ence are  largely  due.  In  1894  her  failing 
health  compelled  her  to  withdraw  from  active 
work,  but  she  held  the  honorary  position  for  a 
year  longer,  with  Miss  Evva  L.  Moore,  the 
present  librarian,  acting  as  her  assistant, 


72O 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


HAYNES,  Miss  Frances  E.,  of  the  New  York 
State  Library  School,  1896-97,  has  been  elected 
librarian  of  the  Levi  Heywood  Memorial  Li- 
brary, Gardner,  Mass. 

McCRORY,  Miss  Harriette  L.,  of  the  Pratt 
Institute  Library  School,  class  of  '95,  resigned 
her  position  as  librarian  of  the  State  Normal 
School,  Millersville,  Pa.,  to  go  abroad  in  June 
for  several  years'  study  and  travel. 

TOBITT,  Miss  Edith,  on  Sept.  27  was  ap- 
pointed cataloger  and  acting  librarian  of  the 
Omaha  (Neb.)  Public  Library,  her  appointment 
taking  effect  Oct.  15.  Miss  Tobitt,  who  was  for 
eight  years  an  assistant  in  the  Omaha  Library, 
is  a  graduate  of  the  Pratt  Institute  Library 
School,  class  of  1896-97,  and  since  her  gradua- 
tion has  been  employed  on  the  staff  of  the  In- 
stitute Library. 

WINN,  Miss  Marjorie,  of  the  Pratt  Institute 
Library  School,  class  of  '95,  has  succeeded  Miss 
Janet  Bird  as  librarian  of  the  Bisbee  (Arizona) 
Public  Library. 


(Cataloging  anb  (Stiaseification. 


BIBLIOTHEQUE  NATIONALS,  Paris.  Catalogue 
general  des  livres  imprimfes  de  la  Bibliotheque 
nationale:  Auteurs.  Tome  I.:  Aachs-Alby- 
ville.  Paris,  Imprimerie  Nat.,  1897.  82+ 
569  p.  8°. 
M.  Delisle  contributes  to  this  first  volume  of 

the  great  French  catalog  a  preface  covering  82 

pages,  which  is  also  issued  in  separate  pamphlet 

form. 

BOSTON  ATHEN^UM.    Catalogue  of  the  Wash- 
ington collection;  compiled  and  annotated  by 
Appleton    P.    C.  Griffin.      In   four   parts:   i, 
Books   from  the  library   of  General  George 
Washington;  2,  Other  books  from  Mount  Ver- 
non  ;   3,    The   writings   of    Washington  ;    4, 
Washingtoniana.     With  an  appendix:  inven- 
tory of  Washington's  books,  drawn  up  by  the 
appraisers    of    his   estate,    with     notes,    by 
William  Coolidge  Lane.     Boston  Athenaeum, 
1897.     12  +  566  p.  O.  subs.,  $5. 
This  elaborate  and  sumptuous  work  is,  per- 
haps, the  most  notable  of  recent  contributions 
to  Washingtoniana,  and  in  its  exhaustive  and 
laborious  research  it  is  a  monument  of  biblio- 
graphical  detail.      The   material  embraced   in 
the  catalog  is  treated  with  such,  a   degree  of 
painstaking  and  careful  minutiae,  and  is  in  itself 
of  so  much  interest  as  showing  the  character- 
istics of  Washington's  mind,  that  it  will  long 
be  of  prime  value  to   students   and  librarians 
whose   work   is   specialized   in   that   direction. 
The  abundant  annotations  are  the  result  of  Mr. 
Griffin's  long  research  in  all  accessible  collec- 
tions of  Washington's  published  writings  and 
in  the  mass  of  unprinted  material  in  the  De- 
partment of  State,  the  Congressional  Library, 
the  Lenox   Library,  and   other  special  depos- 


itories, while  Mr.  Lane's  appendix  traces  ex- 
haustively the  history  of  Washington's  library 
from  his  ownership  to  the  present  location  of 
all  books,  so  far  as  this  could  be  ascertained. 
There  are  facsimiles  of  several  title-pages  show- 
ing Washington's  signature,  of  genuine  and 
spurious  book-plates,  and  a  fine  frontispiece 
portrait  of  Washington.  The  dedication  records 
the  gratitude  of  the  Athenaeum  to  the  Boston 
citizens  who  subscribed  for  the  purchase,  in 
1848,  of  the  books  from  Washington's  library, 
secured  by  Henry  Stevens  for  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  presented  them  to  the  Athenaeum. 
Since  that  gift,  Mr.  Lane  states,  but  one  book 
from  Washington's  library  has  been  added  to 
the  collection. 

The  BOSTON  BOOK  COMPANY'S  Bulletin  of 
Bibliography  for  October  (no.  3)  contains  an  ex- 
tremely useful  list  of  "  Helps  for  catalogers  of 
serials,"  being  a  short  list  of  bibliographies 
giving  information  regarding  periodicals,  ar- 
ranged by  countries,  compiled  by  Dr.  H.  Car- 
rington  Bolton  from  material  used  by  him  in 
preparing  the  new  edition  of  his  "  Catalogue  of 
scientific  and  technical  periodicals,"  published 
by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  It  includes 
also  the  third  instalment  of  Miss  Tucker's 
"  List  of  books  first  published  in  periodicals." 

BRITISH  MUSEUM.    Supplement  to  the  catalogue 
of  the    Persian   manuscripts,  by   Ch.  Rieu. 
Lond.,  1897. 
Reviewed  at  length  in  the  Athetuzum,  Sept. 

18,  1897  (p.  379-38i). 

The  BROOKLINE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
October  contains  an  interesting  feature  in  the 
publication  of  the  first  of  a  contemplated  series 
of  "competitive  lists  of  best  books."  This  is 
intended  to  include  the  more  notable  of  the 
many  "  best"  lists  compiled  from  different 
sources  —  Lubbock's  100  books,  Higginson's 
"Westminster  Abbey  of  a  book  catalogue," 
etc.  —  with  annotations  and  summaries  of  votes 
received,  reasons  for  choice,  etc.  The  series 
opens  with  the  St.  Louis  "greatest  10  books 
of  the  century  contest,"  giving  the  first  prize 
list  in  full  and  the  alternative  titles  from  the 
second  and  third  prize  lists.  The  first  included 
Carlyle's  "  French  Revolution,"  Darwin's  "  Ori- 
gin of  species,"  "  David  Copperfield,"  "  Faust," 
"  Les  miserables,"  Humboldt's  "  Cosmos," 
Macaulay's  "  History  of  England,"  Mill's  "  Po- 
litical economy,"  Ruskin's  "Modern  painters," 
and  "Vanity  Fair."  The  project  is  an  inter- 
esting one,  and  it  is  possible  that  these  lists 
may  be  kept  in  type  and  issued  in  pamphlet  form 
(without  shelf  numbers)  at  a  low  price  when 
complete,  if  there  seems  a  possibility  of  their 
being  useful  to  libraries.  In  many  libraries 
requests  for  lists  of  "  best  books  "  are  frequent, 
and  librarians  who  believe  that  a  compact  hand- 
book of  the  best  of  these  "best  book"  lists 
would  be  of  use  to  them  would  do  well  to  com- 
municate with  Mr.  Bolton  on  the  subject. 

BUFFALO  (IV.  Y.)  P.  L.  Finding  list  of  books 
and  pamphlets  :  fiction,  poetry,  drama,  lit- 
erary history  and  criticism,  essays,  oratory, 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


721 


humor,    etc.      Buffalo,    August,    1897.      6  + 
276  p.  O.  25  c. 

Similar  in  form  to  the  finding  lists  in  other 
classes  of  the  library  previously  issued. 

The  BUTTE  (Mont.}  P.  L.  has  issued  a  mime- 
ographed list  of  "  Books  on  engineering  sub- 
jects and  architecture,"  which  covers  33  legal- 
cap  sheets,  indicating  over  1200  v.,  and  was 
prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Montana  Society 
of  Engineers.  It  is  an  author-list  only,  in  one 
alphabet,  and  is  issued  at  25  c. 

The  CAMBRIDGE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
October  contains  a  short  selected  list  of  books 
and  articles  on  Alaska. 

CASE  L.,  Cleveland,  O.  Catalogue  of  music. 
16  p.  T. 

COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY.  Publications; 
ed.  byG:  H.  Baker,  librarian.  No.  r:  List  of 
books  chiefly  on  the  drama  and  literary  criti- 
cism. N.  Y.,  printed  for  the  University, 
1897.  64  p.  1.  O. 

The  Columbia  library  has  now  followed  the 
example  of  Harvard,  Cornell,  and  sister  univer- 
sities in  the  establishment  of  "  Publications." 
The  collection  cataloged  in  this  first  issue  was 
selected  by  Prof.  G:  E.  Woodberry,  from  a 
fund  given  by  an  anonymous  friend  of  the  li- 
brary; it  is  supplementary  of  the  general  re- 
sources of  the  library,  and  is  rich  in  collections 
and  in  old  English  works.  This  is  a  classified 
author  list,  giving  fairly  full  titles  and  all 
essential  bibliographical  information;  a  valuable 
feature  is  the  dates  of  birth  and  death  given  for 
each  author  listed.  Purposes  of  quick  consul- 
tation would  have  been  aided  by  a  few  cross- 
references. 

CRAWFORD  AND  BALCARRES,  Earl  of.  List  of 
manuscripts,  printed  books  and  examples  of 
bookbinding  exhibited  to  the  American  libra- 
rians on  the  occasion  of  their  visit  to  Haigh 
Hall  :  Second  International  Library  Confer- 
ence. Aberdeen,  University  Press,  1897. 
76  p.  O. 

This  catalog,  compiled  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Edmond, 
librarian  of  Haigh  Hall,  was  prepared  and 
printed  for  the  American  delegates  to  the  Inter- 
national Library  Conference,  and  is  a  most 
interesting  revelation  of  the  wealth  of  Lord 
Crawford's  rich  collection.  Many  rare  manu- 
scripts, beautiful  or  unique  bindings,  and  inter- 
esting broadsides  are  listed,  596  items  being 
recorded.  There  are  frequent  annotations, 
and  the  catalog  is  of  equal  bibliographical  and 
historical  interest. 

The  ENOCH  PRATT  F.  L.  Bulletin  for  October 
contains,  in  addition  to  the  list  of  accessions, 
an  eight-page  list  of  periodicals  contained  in 
the  library. 

EVANSTON  (111.)  F.    P.  L.     Annotated  finding 


list:  fiction,  books  for  young  people,  selected 
lists.  Evanston,  111.,  June,  1897.  144  p.  O. 
One  of  the  best  annotated  fiction  lists  that  we 
have  seen;  careful,  painstaking,  and  excellently 
conceived.  "The  annotations  embrace  most  of 
the  acknowledged  masters  of  fiction,  a  number 
of  authors  who,  though  not  great,  are  founders 
or  leaders  of  certain  styles  of  fiction,  and  also 
other  writers  who  hold  permanent  positions  in 
the  line  of  transmission  from  generation  to 
generation,  connecting  links,  as  it  were,  in  the 
evolution  of  the  art."  The  choice  of  authors  for 
comment  shows  good  judgment  and  literary 
perception  ;  the  annotations  are  largely  taken 
from  the  "  List  of  books  for  girls  and  women 
and  their  clubs,"  and  other  sources,  to  which 
the  compiler  acknowledges  her  indebtedness, 
but  have  been  excellently  condensed  or  modi- 
fied; date  of  birth  is  given  for  most  authors. 
The  list  comprises  "Books  about  books,"  list- 
ing, with  comment,  29  guides  to  good  reading; 
author  and  title  fiction  list  (p.  13 -99)  with  an- 
notations of  authors  and  individual  works;  and 
special  lists,  without  annotations,  covering  short 
stories;  novels  of  art  and  music;  novels  relating 
to  questions  of  the  day  (evidently  a  selection 
only);  school  and  college  stories;  mythology, 
fairy  tales,  legends,  etc. ;  entertaining  and  in- 
structive books  for  young  people;  classified  list 
of  books  for  young  people  ;  and  author  and 
title  list  for  young  people.  Neatly  printed, 
bound  in  an  attractive  and  serviceable  cover  of 
brown  linen,  and  altogether  a  creditable  and 
satisfactory  piece  of  work. 

The  HARTFORD  (Ct.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  July 
continues  the  selected  list  of  "  Books  of  travel, 
new  and  old,"  carried  through  previous  num- 
bers. 

The  LOWELL  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  Bulletin  for 
October  has  an  annotated  lo-page  classed  ref- 
erence list  on  "  Evolution." 

The  MANCHESTER  (Eng.)  P.  F.  Ls.  Quarterly 
record,  no.  2,  1897,  in  addition  to  the  classed 
list  of  accessions  from  April  to  June,  1897,  con- 
tains a  catalog  of  the  Leigh  Hunt  division  of 
the  Alexander  Ireland  collection  of  works  by 
or  relating  to  Lamb,  Hazlitt,  Hunt,  Carlyle, 
and  Emerson,  which  was  presented  to  the  li- 
brary by  T.  R.  Wilkinson.  Books  containing 
ms.  notes  by  Mr.  Ireland  are  indicated. 

MANHATTAN  EAST  SIDE  MISSION  (N.  Y.  City) 
F.  C.  L.  Classified  catalogue  ;  compiled  by 
Theresa  Hitchler.  New  York,  1897.  16  + 
112  p.  D. 

Prefaced  by  an  author  index,  including  index 
to  biography  and  author  index  to  German  and 
French  books.  The  fiction  and  juvenile  lists 
cover  66  pages  and  are  divided  into  separate 
author  and  title  lists  for  each.  Lists  of  German 
and  French  books  and  subject  index  follow. 

The  NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
August -September  contains  reference  list  no. 
25  on  literature  relating  to  Alaska. 

The  N.  Y.  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  September  begins 
the  publication  of  a  list  of  American  genealogi- 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Novemberj  97 


cal  works  contained  in  the  Lenox  branch.  A 
classed  division  of  general  works,  including 
bibliography  and  methods  of  research,  precedes 
the  list  of  special  works,  which  are  entered 
under  family  name,  and  extend,  in  this  first  in- 
stalment, from  Abbot  to  Dwight.  In  the  Bulletin 
for  October  the  list  is  continued  from  E  -  L  ; 
this  number  also  includes  a  list  of  the  periodi- 
cals relating  to  geology  and  mineralogy  in  the 
N.  Y.  Public  Library  and  Columbia  University 
Library  (108  titles). 

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE  (Eng.)  P.  Ls.  Cata- 
logue of  the  Stephenson  Branch  Library, 
1897;  comp.  by  Andrew  Keogh.  1897.  6  + 
314  P-  D. 

A  cloth-bound,  easily  handled  little  catalog, 
comprising  an  author  list,  a  title  list  of  English 
fiction,  a  D.  C.  classed  list,  a  "  juvenile  sec- 
tion," and  a  subject  index.  In  most  cases  the 
class  number  is  given  on  the  left  of  an  entry, 
the  book  number  on  the  right,  the  latter  being 
printed  in  heavy  -  face  type.  Pseudonymous 
authors  are  entered  under  best-known  form. 
Dates  are  given  for  books  other  than  fiction;  in 
travel  the  date  of  the  travel  itself  is  generally 
given,  and  in  history  the  inclusive  dates  cov- 
ered are  indicated,  all  supplied  dates  being 
bracketed. 

The  OSTERHOUT  F.  L.  (Wilkesbarre,  Pa.) 
Newsletter  for  October  contains  no.  8  of  the 
descriptive  reading  lists  on  English  history,  cov- 
ering the  period  of  the  Commonwealth,  1649- 
60. 

The  PROVIDENCE  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  con- 
tains reference  lists  of  special  value  in  its  recent 
numbers.  In  the  August  issue,  list  no.  48  dealt 
with  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  was  notable  for  its 
fulness  and  excellence;  list  no.  49,  in  the  Sep- 
tember number,  covered  "Alaska  and  the 
Canadian  Northwest  territories,"  and  the  Octo- 
ber number  contains  list  no.  50,  on  Tennyson. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  Sep- 
tember has  a  short  reading  list  on  the  Yukon 
gold  fields  ;  the  October  number  devotes  its 
reading  lists  to  New  York  City  and  to  the 
"  Navy  of  the  United  States." 

SAN  FRANCISCO  (Cal.)  F.  P.  L.     English  prose 

fiction,  including  translations.    San  Francisco, 

June  1897.    128  p.  O. 

This  neat  cloth-bound  volume,  although  su- 
perseding the  catalog  of  1891,  does  not  take  its 
place,  for  the  classification  and  annotations  that 
made  that  catalog  so  indispensable  as  a  library 
tool  are  not  continued  in  its  successor.  The 
present  catalog  is  a  simple  title-a-line,  author 
and  title  list,  giving  contents  of  series  and  col- 
lected stories  by  different  authors,  and  noting 
also  changes  of  title. 

The  SAN  FRANCISCO  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  Sep- 
tember contains  a  well-selected  and  interesting 
classed  list  of  "  References  on  the  development 
of  the  English  novel,"  by  F.  J.  Teggart,  of 
Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  University. 

The  SOMERVILLE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  con- 
tains in  the  September  and  October  issues  a 


classed  list  on  "  England  in  the  Victorian  era," 
prepared  for  the  winter  course  of  a  local  liter- 
ary club. 

The  SPRINGFIELD  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  Bulletin 
concludes,  in  its  September  issue,  the  author- 
list  of  juvenile  works  in  the  library  continued 
through  preceding  numbers.  The  number  for 
October  gives  the  first  instalment  of  a  reading 
list  on  "  Alaska  and  the  Yukon  gold  fields." 

TATE    P.   L.     Streatham,    London,  Eng.     Cata- 
logue :  3d  ed.,  London,  1897.     372  p.  O. 
Lists  17,000  v.,  an   addition  of  11,000  since 
the  issue  of  the  first  catalog  in  1891.     A  short- 
title   dictionary  list,  entry   being   made   under 
pseudonyms,  with  references  from  real  names, 
and  contents  of  volume  and  series  being  given. 
Works  or  articles  relating  to  an  author  are  en- 
tered in  a  nonpareil  note  under  author's  name. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE,  Eng.     Catalogue  of 
the  Persian  manuscripts   in   the   Library   of 
the    University,    by   E.   G.    Browne.      Cam- 
bridge, Univ.  Press,  1897. 
Reviewed  at  length  in  the  Athenaum,  Sept. 

18,  1897  (p.  379-381). 

TheWALTHAM(J/ajj.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  Sep- 
tember contains  special  lists  on  the  Victorian 
era  and  Alaska  ;  the  October  number  has  a 
special  list  on  Greece. 

WILMINGTON  (Del.)  INSTITUTE  F.  L.  Hand- 
book no.  3  :  a  classified  list  of  selected  books 
for  young  people.  36  p.  T. 

The  Library  of  the  RAILROAD  BRANCH  Y.  M. 
C.  A.,  New  York  City,  has  issued  a  i2-p. 
folder  listing  the  "Books  for  locomotive  en- 
gineers and  firemen "  in  the  library.  Mr. 
Stevens,  the  librarian,  prefaces  the  list  with  a 
brief  descriptive  "  headlight."  About  100  v. 
are  listed. 


Sibliogrofg. 


ADRIAN    iv.     Tarleton,    Alfred    H.      Nicholas 
Breakspear   (Adrian   iv.) :    Englishman   and 
Pope.    London,  Arthur  L.  Humphreys,  1896. 
17+292  p.  4°. 
Contains  a  3-page  bibliography. 

ARABS.  Chauvin,  V.  Bibliographic  des  ou- 
vrages  arabes  ou  relatifs  aux  Arabes,  publ. 
dans  1'Europe  chret.  de  1810  a  1885.  Livr. 
I.  2  :  Preface,  table  de  Schnurrer,  Les  pro- 
verbes,  Kalilah.  Liege,  1892-97.  1.  8°. 

CABOT,  John  and  Sebastian.  The  careful  and 
painstaking  "  Cabot  bibliography  "  compiled 
by  George  Parker  Winship,  and  published  in 
the  Providence  (R.  I.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  June, 
has  been  reprinted  in  a  compact  pamphlet, 
which  will  be  welcomed  by  those  interested 
in  the  literature  of  American  discovery. 

GEOGRAPHY.     Annales  de  geographic  :  biblio- 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


723 


graphic  de  1'annee  1896,  publiee  sous  la  direc- 
tion de  MM.  Paul  Vidal  de  la  Blache,  L.  Gal- 
lois  et  Emm.  de  Margerie.     Paris,  A.  Colin 
&  Co.,  1897.     300  p.  8°.     5  fr. 
The  volume  for  1895  was  noted  in  L.  J.,  Oct., 
1896,  p.  476,  and  the  present  is  similar  to  its 
predecessor   in    arrangement    and    scope.     Of 
much  value  in  the  special  field  it  covers  and  as 
an  authoritative  guide  to  the  best  geographical 
literature  of  the  period. 

GETCHELL,  M.  S.     The  study  of  mediaeval  his- 
tory by  the  library  method  for  high  schools. 
Bost.,  Ginn,  1897.     8+74  P-  S.  55  c. 
Although  intended  for  school  use  this  will  be 
useful  in  libraries  as  a  help  in  guiding  to  litera- 
ture of  the  subject.     The  71  books  of  reference 
used  are  given  in  a  prefatory  author  list;  then 
follows  a  chronological  tabulation  of  the  periods 
and  events  of  the  mediaeval  epoch,  476-1492, 
accompanied   by   references   to  the  authorities 
selected  for  each,  with  citation  of  chapters  and 
pages  covering  the  essential  facts. 

HAWTHORNE,  Nathaniel.  A  "  Bibliography  of 
writings  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,"  by  G.  M. 
Williamson,  is  contained  in  the  Bookbuyer  for 
September  and  October. 

HOUSSAYE,  Arsene.  Lemaitre,  E.  Arsene 
Houssaye  :  notes  et  souvenirs,  bibliographic. 
Rheims,  Michaud,  1897.  9+210  p.,  por.  and 
facsimile  of  autograph.  8°. 

MUNICIPAL  GOVERNMENT.  Municipal  affairs, 
the  new  quarterly  published  by  the  Reform  Club 
of  New  York,  devotes  a  considerable  space  in 
each  issue  to  bibliographical  record.  The  extend- 
ed bibliography  of  municipal  government  pub- 
lished in  the  first  number  (March,  1897),  was 
continued  in  June  by  an  index  covering  the  six 
months  preceding,  and  the  September  issue  in- 
dexes in  similar  form  the  literature  of  the  sub- 
ject appearing  during  the  previous  three  months. 
The  bibliography  of  each  quarter  will  be  cov- 
ered in  this  way  in  future  issues. 

PERIODICAL  LITERATURE.  Bibliographic  der 
Deutscher  Zeitschriften-Litteratur,  band  I. 
Leipzig,  Fr.  Andras  Nachfolgen,  1897.  subs. 
7.50  m. 

POULTRY.  U.  S.  Dept,  of  Agriculture.  Libra- 
ry bulletin,  October,  1897:  a  bibliography  of 
poultry  ;  comp.  by  Emma  B.  Hawks,  cata- 
loger,  under  the  direction  of  the  librarian. 
32  p.  O. 

Printed  on  one  side  of  the  page  only  ;  an 
author  list  classified  under  general  works,  peri- 
odicals, government  publications,  and  state 
publications  ;  and  followed  by  a  subject  index. 
Books  not  seen  by  the  compiler  are  indicated, 
and  the  list  is  a  careful  and  deserving  piece  of 
work. 

SHAKESPEARE.  Moyes,  John.  Medicine  and 
kindred  arts  in  the  plays  of  Shakespeare. 


Glasgow,    James  MacLehose  &   Sons,   1896. 
14+125  p.  12°. 

Contains  a  4-page  bibliography  of  Shake- 
spearean medicine. 

SLEEP.    Manacelne,  Marie  de.    Sleep  :  its  physi- 
ology, pathology,   hygiene,  and  psychology. 
N.  Y.,  Scribner,  1897.     8+341  p.  il.  D.  (Con- 
temporary  science  ser.)  $1.25. 
Divided  into  four  chapters,   each   of   which 
considers  one  of  the  phases  indicated  in  the 
sub-title  ;  each  chapter  is  followed  by  a  special 
bibliography  of  from  six  to  nine  pages. 

SOCIOLOGY.      Henderson,   C.    R.      The   social 
spirit  in  America.     Meadville,  Flood  &  Vin- 
cent, 1897.     350  p.  12°,  (Chautauqua  Reading 
Circle  Literature.)  $i. 
Contains  a  g-page    bibliography,    classified 

according  to  the  chapter  headings. 

W.  S.  SONNENSCHEIN  has  issued  in  separate 
form  the  various  divisions  of  his  great  "  Read- 
er's guide."  These  make  individual  bibliogra- 
phies, which  so  far  cover  the  following  subjects: 
archaeology  and  antiquity ;  arts,  trades,  and 
sports;  geography;  history  and  historical  biog- 
raphy; literature;  medicine;  mythology  and 
folklore;  philology  and  ancient  literature;  phi- 
losophy; science;  social  and  political  economy; 
law  and  education;  theology.  Those  libraries 
that  have  not  been  able  to  afford  the  compre- 
hensive volume  should  find  a  selection  of  these 
separate  bibliographical  issues  of  much  help- 
fulness, though  naturally  the  lack  of  an  index 
hampers  tneir  use. 

TENNYSON,  Alfred.  Part  2  of  the  "  Tennyson 
bibliography,"  which  Mr.  T.  J.  Wise  is  con- 
tributing to  the  Athenaum,  appears  in  the  issue 
of  that  periodical  for  Sept.  18  (p.  388-389).  It 
deals  with  complete  volumes  of  biography  and 
criticism,  and  lists  23  titles  ;  a  further  instal- 
ment is  given  in  the  number  for  Sept.  23, 
p.  419. 

WHITE,  of  Selborne,  Martin,  E:  A.  A  biblio- 
graphy of  Gilbert  White,  the  natural  his- 
torian and  antiquarian  of  Selborne:  published 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Selborne  Society. 
Lund.,  The  Roxburghe  Press,  1897.  274  p. 
D. 

WURTEMBERG.  Heyd,  Wilhelm.  Bibliographic 
der  Wurtembergischen  Geschichte.  Stutt- 
gart, Kohlhammer,  1895-96.  2v.  19  +  346; 

347  -  793  P-  8*. 

INDEXES. 

THE  CUMULATIVE  INDEX  TO  PERIODICALS 
began  with  its  September  number  a  new  series, 
containing  only  references  to  magazines  from 
September,  the  August  issue,  containing  refer- 
ences from  January  to  August,  making  the  first 
series  of  the  year.  This  change,  which  makes 
the  August  number  a  half-yearly  volume  sup- 
plemented by  later  issues,  was  necessary  on 


724 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[November,  '97 


account  of  the  accumulation  of  proof  after  the 
first  six  months,  which  made  it  a  matter  of 
much  difficulty  to  issue  the  index  on  the  regular 
date.  The  December  number,  containing  all 
the  references  for  the  year  and  entries  from  25 
magazines  not  included  in  the  monthly  issues, 
will  form  the  annual  volume,  and  will  be  pub- 
lished as  soon  after  the  Jan.  I  as  practicable. 

POOLE'S  INDEX,  1892-96.  The  third  supple- 
ment to  "  Poole,"  covering  the  five-yearly 
period  1892  to  1896  inclusive,  is  announced  for 
early  publication.  Like  the  previous  volume, 
it  is  edited  by  William  I.  Fletcher,  librarian  of 
Amherst  College,  with  the  co-operation  of  many 
members  of  the  American  Library  Association, 
and  issued  in  uniform  style  with  the  preceding 
volumes.  This  third  supplement,  much  of 
which  has  appeared  in  the  yearly  volumes  of 
the  "Annual  Literary  Index,"  will  be  nearly 
one-third  larger  than  either  of  its  predecessors  — 
a  fact  that  is  striking  evidence  of  the  large  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  periodicals  requiring 
inclusion  in  such  an  index.  Of  the  185  sets 
covered  by  this  volume,  60  have  not  been  in- 
dexed in  any  previous  issue,  and  of  these  42 
have  existed  only  since  1891.  The  discon- 
tinuance of  33  sets  indexed  in  the  volume  of 
1887-92  only  partially  offsets  this  increase,  the 
net  gain  being  27.  There  are  1355  volumes  in- 
dexed in  this  volume,  as  against  1068  in  the 
previous  one. 

Mr.  Fletcher  gives  in  his  preface  an  interest- 
ing comparison  as  to  the  life  of  periodicals, 
based  on  the  tables  included  in  the  several  vol- 
umes in  the  "  Index."  These  show  that  "  the 
whole  number  of  periodicals  indexed  in  '  Poole ' 
from  the  beginning  is  404,  of  which  number  195, 
or  48  per  cent.,  were  continued  beyond  the  year 
1891."  The  figures  given  show  an  increase,  by 
decades,  from  the  six  periodicals  of  1801  - 10, 
with  which  the  Poole  sets  originated,  to  90  in 
1881  -90,  and  55  for  the  six  years  1891  -96,  the 
present  being  the  most  productive  period  of  all. 
Among  the  periodicals  now  first  included  in  the 
new  supplement  are  the  Outlook  and  Independent, 
of  which  the  most  important  articles  only  are 
indexed,  and  the  entire  set  of  the  Magazine  of 
Art,  the  valuable  contents  of  which  are  fully 
covered. 

Mr.  Fletcher  introduces  his  new  volume  with 
a  touching  and  appreciative  sketch  of  the  late 
Dr.  Poole,  of  whom  an  excellent  portrait  will 
appear  as  frontispiece.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  name  of  Poole,  which,  as  Mr.  Fletcher 
says,  "must  always  be  connected  with  this 
series  of  indexes,"  is  now  again  actively  asso- 
ciated with  it,  in  the  person  of  Franklin  O. 
Poole,  a  son  of  the  founder  of  the  index,  who 
has  acted  as  co  editor  of  the  supplement. 

U.  S.   Dept.  of  Agriculture:  Division  of  Ento- 
mology.    General  index  to  the  seven  volumes 
of   Insect  Life,  1888-95.     Washington,  Gov. 
Print.  Office,  1897.     145  p.  8°. 
This   little    volume    contains    four   indexes: 
authors,  illustrations,  plants,  and  a  general  in- 
dex. 


Hiionnmo  nub 


Faye  ffuntington,  pseud,  of  Mrs.  Theodosia 
Maria  (Toll)  Foster  [authority  of  Mrs.  Foster]. 
Kirk's  Supplement  to  Allibone  and  Cushing's 
Pseudonyms  give  the  name  as  Mrs.  Isabella  H. 
Foster,  and  many  library  catalogs  have  followed 
these  authorities.  N.  E.  B. 

"  Taken  by  siege,"  originally  issued  anony- 
mously in  1887,  is  now  published  in  a  new 
edition,  with  the  name  of  the  author,  Miss 
Jeannette  M.  Gilder,  by  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons. 


tjnmors  and  Ulunbcrs. 


GOOD  GUESSING.  —  Borrower  :  I  want  a  book 
about  a  man  traveller. 

Assistant :  Is  it  "  Ernest  Maltravers"? 
Borrower:  Yes;  that's  it. 

As  OTHERS  SEE  Us.  The  Newark  (N.  J.} 
Daily  Call  gave  not  long  since  an  interesting 
short  account  of  the  London  International  Li- 
brary Conference,  based  evidently  upon  the 
personal  narrative  of  one  of  the  pilgrims.  The 
English  newspapers,  said  this  reporter,  "took 
the  conference  and  the  tour  of  the  librarians 
very  seriously,  as  English  papers  are  lia- 
ble to  take  everything.  Only  once  did  they 
seem  to  find  anything  funny  to  put  in  type,  and 
that  was  at  Plymouth,  when  they  remarked 
upon  the  peculiarities  of  speech  of  the  Amer- 
icans, '  colloquialisms,'  they  called  them.  A 
big  reception  was  given  the  visitors  at  Plym- 
outh, and  a  local  paper  commenting  upon  it 
said  :  '  Had  the  waiters  been  less  discreet  they 
would  inevitably  have  betrayed  some  amuse- 
ment at  the  colloquialisms.  One  gentleman, 
whose  railway  journey  had  evidently  induced 
great  thirst,  was  anxious  to  allay  it  with  claret 
cup,  and  looking  longingly  at  a  brimming  jug 
with  slices  of  lemon  and  lumps  of  ice  floating 
in  it,  directed  the  waiter  to  '  fetch  the  pitcher.' 
'The  glass  jug  you  mean,  sir?  Yes,  sir,' re- 
plied the  waiter  urbanely,  as  he  poured  out  the 
cooling  blend.  '  Waal,  I  don't  care  what  you 
call  it,  glass  jug  or  pitcher.  I  guess  it's  the 
contents  I  feel  particular  about,'  replied  the 
traveller,  his  face  beaming  with  contentment 
as  he  ladled  in  some  more  ice  and  took  in  a 
mighty  draught.  Another  was  concerned  to 
find  that  when  he  innocently  asked  for  some 
more  '  pie '  a  plate  of  pigeon  pie  was  brought 
him.  '  No,  I've  no  use  for  that,'  he  remarked 
quaintly.  '  I  want  pie  with  plums  in  it,  and  not 
little  birds.'" 

THE  following  order  was  brought  to  a  library 
not  long  ago  by  a  youthful  messenger  who  was 
evidently  performing  the  errand  for  a  chum  of 
about  his  own  age  : 

"  Send  by  bearer  some  book  with  a  lot  of  in- 
formation in  it  not  a  story,  and  on  the  other 
card  a  very  exciting  story  or  Bryen's  History 
of  American  criminals  prefered  and  I  will  send 
a  pice  of  candie  if  I  am  suited  and  oblidge, 


November,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


725 


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Revue  des  Archives,  des  Bibliotheques  et  des  Muse'es, 
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Libraries  that  did  not  subscribe  to  the  Revue  now  have 
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flanuel  de  Bibliotheconomie. 

By  Dr.  ARNIM  GRAESEL, 

Librarian-in- Chief  of  the  Berlin   University. 

Translated  into  French 

By  Dr.  JULES  LAUDE,  Bibliothe'caire  Uni- 
versitaire. 

One  Vol.,  Small  8vo,  Cloth,  15  Frnnc.s. 

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the  volume  is  practically  a  new  work — a  French  origi- 
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By  LEON  GAUTIER,  Membre  de  Flnstitut, 
FORMING   THE  FIFTH  AND  CONCLUDING   VOLUME  OF 

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By  FREDERIC  GODEFROY. 

The  publication  in  parts  of  this  edition  (which  will  contain  all  the  words  of  the  author's  unabridged  work,  with 
the  necessary  additions  and  improvements,  but  without  examples  and  references)  will  be  begun  in  October,  1897. 
The  price  for  the  complete  work  (large  8°,  3  columns  to  the  page,  80  lines  in  a  column =240  lines  or  i2oowords= 
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Considering  the  high  price  which  the  author's  large  dictionary  of  the  old  French  language  commands  (500 
Francs),  and  the  fact  that  a  handy  and  inexpensive  edition  of  such  a  work  ha^  become  a  necessity  to  the  student  of 
romanic  philology,  as  well  as  to  tne  teacher  of  French,  the  paleographer,  the  historian  and  the  educated  laity  who 
read  French,  the  publisher  trusts  that  this  edition  will  recommend  itself  to  a  large  circle  of  subscribers. 


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726 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


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Bibliographical  Publications. 


For  all  American  books  as  they  appear,  take  THE  PUBLISHERS'  WEEKLY;  for  an  hour's 
glance  each  month  at  the  important  books  and  magazine  papers,  take  THE  LITERARY  NEWS ; 
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THE  ANNUAL  LITERARY  INDEX  ;  for  books  in  print  or  issued  of  late  years,  see  the  AMERI- 
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Aguilar  Free  Library,  197  E.  Broadway,  N.  Y. 
V.  i  of  Bancroft's  History  of  United  States,  Centenary 
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Bryn  Mawr  College  Library,  Bryn  Mawr,  Penn. 
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Cleveland  Public  Library,  Cleveland,  O. 

Gautier,  Romance  of  a  Mummy. 
Winchester,  Under  the  Shield. 
Hutton,  Mathematical  Recreation. 
Rocs,  How  to  Train  Young  Eyes. 
"      Tumbling  for  Amateurs. 

Columbia  University  Library,  New  York. 

New  Jersey  Forester,  v.  i,  no.  i,  Jan.,  1895. 

Irmisckia,  v.  2,  nos.  5-12,  March-Sept.,  1882;  v.  4,  no.  i*, 

Dec.,  '85;  v,  6,  nos.  9-13  and  title-page. 
Minnesota  Botanical  Studies,  Bulletin  no.  9,  pt.  9. 
Trinidad  Royal  Botanic  Gardens,  Bulletin  nos.  i-io, 

12-13,  24;  v.  2,  no.  2. 

Qirard  College  Library,  Phila.,  Pa. 

Newspapers  published)  in  Philadelphia  and  New  York, 

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Penny  Magazine,  v.  18. 

Library  Co.  of  Phlla.,  cor.  Looust  and  Juniper  8tt., 
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Upton's  Infantry  Tactics.    N.  Y.,  1867. 
CkaJ-Book,  v.  i. 

G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  27  W.  23dj8t.,  N.  Y. 
Higginson,  English  Statesmen. 
Pollard,  Southern  History  of  the  War,  v.  4. 
Century  Dictionary,  second-hand. 
Chandler,  Architecture  in  Maryland,  etc. 
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The  "Catalogue  de  la  Librairie  Fran9use"  mailed  free 
monthly  as  well  as  catalogues  of  second-hand  book- 
dealers  of  every  locality. 


Auction  sales  orders  attended  to,  also  orders  for  private 

libraries  offered  en  bloc  before  auction. 
Mr.  Em.  Terquem,  being  the  appointed  agent  in  Paris  of 

many  libraries,  colleges,  and  universities,  can  furnish 

references  in  almost  every  city  in  the  United  States. 
Correspondence  and  trial  orders  solicited.     Small  or  large 

shipments  every    week  either  direct  or  thiough  his 

agent  in  New  York. 


LIBRARIES. 


WE  solicit  correspondence  with  bookbuyers  for  private  and  other  LIBRARIES 
and  desire  to  submit  figures  on   proposed   lists.     Our  topically  arranged 
LIBRARY  LIST  (mailed  gratis  on  application)  will  be  found  useful  by  those  selecting 
titles. 


THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO., 

5    and   7   East    i6tli    Street,    New    Vork. 


WHOLESALE 
BOOKS, 


732  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {N 

LONDON:  a  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG:  Hospital  Str.  10.        PARIS:  76  Rue  de  Rennes. 


QUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is  the  only  importer  in  America,  who  employs  no  Agents,  but  has  his  own  offices  at : 

LONDON :  .  2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 
PARIS:  .  .  .  .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG  :  Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 
II.     Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  and 
often  an  extra  discount. 

III.  The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 

IV.  As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  7*hursdays 

from  Germany"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
V.     If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 
New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 
of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 

VI.  Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 
abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 
Librarian. 

VII.  Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 
a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 
nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 

VIII.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 
of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 
and  by  attending  auction  sales. 

IX.     Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 
of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 
volumes. 
X.     Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
XI.     American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand : 


The   English    Historical    Review.     Ed.   by 

Creighton.    Vols.  i-n.    London,  1886-96.    8vo,  newly 

bound,  half  mor. 
Geological  Ufaemzlne.    By  I.   Rupert  Jones,  H. 

Woodward,  John  Morris,  and  R.  Etheridge.    Vols.  1-28. 

London,  1864-91.    8vo,  26  vols.  in  half  mor.,  2. vols.  in 

parts. 
Geologische  Reicbsanstalt.    Jahrbuch.    Bd.  i- 

44  und  2  Registerbdg.    Wien,  1850-94.    410. 

.JtJirbueh,  uiid  neues  Jabrbuch  f.  .TUne- 
ralogle,  Geosnosle,  Geologic,  and  Palae- 

o  ii to  1  ogle.  Hrsg.  v.  Leonhard,  Bronn,  und  Geinitz. 
Mil  Beilagen.  89  vols.,  8vo.  Heidelb.  und  Stuttg., 
1830-91.  83  vols.  bound  half  calf,  6  vols.  in  parts. 

Jalirbnecber  f.  N»ilonaloekonomle  und 
Statlsllk.  Hrsg.  v.  Hildebrand  Conrad,  etc.  Bd. 
1-62.  Supplem.  Hefte  1-21  und  2  Registern.  Entirely 
complete  set.  Jena,  1863-94.  8vo,  bound  in  boards. 

Journal  of  tbe  Royal  Asrrlcnlnire  Society. 
From  the  commencement  1840-85  and  3  Registers.  Lon- 
don, 1840-90.  8vo,  newly  bound,  half  calf. 


Journal  of  the  Society  of  Cbemlcal  Indnn- 
try.  Vols.  1-15.  Manchester,  1882-96.  410,  cloth. 

Journal  of  the  Statistical  Society  of  Lon- 
don. Vols.  1-58  and  3  Indices.  London,  1838-95. 
8vo,  newly  bound,  hf.  mor. 

Lieble  and  Kopp.  Jahresbericht  ub.  d.  Fortschrit- 
te  der  Chemie,  Physik,  und  Mineralogie  in  d.  Jahren 
1847-90,  und  3  Reg.  Vols.  1847-76.  Giessen  und  Braun- 
schweig, 1849-96.  8vo,  half  cloth.  4  vols.,  boards. 

intcroi»c<»plcal  Society.  Monthly  Microscopical 
Journal  from  commencement  1869  to  1877,  18  vols.,  half 
calf;  continued  by  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Microscopi- 
cal Society  from  1878  to  1892,  15  vols.,  half  calf.  With 
plates.  Together  33  vols.,  half  calf.  Fine  set. 

Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  Philadelphia.  Vols.  i  to  6,  1861-67.  8vo, 
neatly  bound,  half  mor.  Scarce. 

Proet  eding*  and  Transaction*  of  the  Phi- 
lological Society.  Vols.  1-21.  London,  1842-72. 
8vo,  half  calf.  Nice  set,  scarce. 

Reports  of  the  British  Association  for  tbe 
Advancement  of  Science.  From  the  commence- 
ment in  1831  to  1893.  London,  1835-95.  8vo. 


Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 

QUSTAV  E.  STECHERT,  9  East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 

KAY  PRINTING  HOUSE,  66  AND  68  CENTRE  STRICT,  NEW  YORK. 


THE 


Library  Journal 

OFFICIAL  ORGAN  OF  THE  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 


CHIEFLY  DEVOTED    TO 


Uibrarp  Economy  anfc 


VOL.  22.    No.  12. 


DECEMBER,  1897. 


Contents. 


FAGR 

THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  BUILDING.    Frontispiece 

EDITORIALS 735 

The  Presidency  of  the  A.  L.  A. 

A  Question  of  Precedents. 

The  Superintendent  of  Documents. 

Washington  Library  Affairs. 

Library  Opportunities  in  New  York. 

The  New  York  Public  Library  Building. 
COMMUNICATIONS 737 

A.  L.  A.  Photograph  Wanted. 

Corporate  Entry. 

BOOKS  on  Local  Industries. 

The  American  Memorial  in  Shakespeare's  Church. 

The  Magazine  of  Western  History. 

The  Children's  Keading-Room  of  the  Providence 
Public  Library. 

A  "  List  of  Errors  in  Well-known  Books  "  Pro- 
posed. 

A  NOTATION  FOR  BOOKS.  —  Horace  Kepkart.    .    .    .  739 
A  HANDBOOK  OF  AMERICAN  LIBRARIES.  —F:J:  Teg- 

gart 741 

USB  OF  INK  IN  LIBRARIES 743 

THE  NEW  YORK  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  BUILDING 744 

LIBRARY  STATISTICS  OF  GREATER  NEW  YORK.    .    .    .745 

THE  NEW  COLUMBIA.  —  C:  Alex.  Nelson 746 

THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS.    .    .    .  747 
DETERIORATION  OF  PAPER 748 


PAGE 
THE  MBNASHA  (Wis.)  PUBLIC  LIBRARY.  (.Illustrated.) 

—L.  E.S. 748 

TRAVELLING  LIBRARIES  IN  DUNN  Co.,  WISCONSIN.— 

Gratia  Countryman 750 

A  GIFT  TO  THE  PHILADELPHIA  FREE  LIBRARY.     .    .    .  750 

THE  SHAKESPEARE  MEMORIAL  WINDOW 751 

AMERICAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION 751 

Invitation  from  the  Societt?  Bibliographique. 

STATE  LIBRARY  COMMISSIONS 751 

STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATIONS 752 

LIBRARY   CLUBS 755 

LIBRARY  SCHOOLS  AND  TRAINING  CLASSES 757 

New  York  State  Library  School. 

Pratt  Institute  Library  School. 
REVIEWS 758 

Monroe,  Bibliography  of  Education. 

Peabody  Institute,  Second  Catalogue. 

LIBRARY  ECONOMY  AND  HISTORY 759 

GIFTS  AND  BEQUESTS 765 

PRACTICAL  NOTES 766 

LIBRARIANS 766 

CATALOGING  AND  CLASSIFICATION 768 

BIBLIOGRAFY 769 

ANONYMS  AND  PSEUDONYMS 770 


NEW  YORK  :    PUBLICATION  OFFICE,  59  DUANE  STREET. 
LONDON:  SOLD  BY  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRUBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  HOUSE 

CHARING  CROSS  ROAD. 
YEARLY  SUBSCRIPTION,  $5.00.  MONTHLY  NUMBERS,  50  cu. 

Pritt  la  Europe,  or  otker  countries  in  tkt  Union,  las. per  annum;  single  numbrrt,  it. 
Entered  at  the  Pott-Office  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  as  second-class  matter. 


734  THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  {December,  '97 

EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S 

Bonbon  ($<jencg  for  (American  Bi6rarie0 

28  HENRIETTA  STREET,  COVENT  GARDEN,  LONDON. 

FOUNDED    IN    1856. 
(ggrTPPOINTED  London  Agency  for  the  Libraries  of  the  United  States  and 

^>W 

Dominion  Governments,   and  for   Several  First-class  Public  and  Uni- 
versity Libraries  of  America. 

Relations  long  existing  with  all  the  Booksellers  and  Publishers  of  Great 
Britain  facilitate  the  prompt  execution  of  orders  for  Books,  Periodicals,  and 
Scientific  Serials,  with  their  continuations. 

Scarce  JBoofts  jfounfr. 


Sets  flDafre  "dp, 


ot  Bverg  Class. 


"  We  have  been,  for  the  last  twenty  years,  personally  cognizant  of  Mr.  Allen's  faithfulness  to 
the  interests  of  his  American  customers.  When  a  resident  in  Washington,  ten  years  ago,  we 
found  that  the  immense  Congressional  Library  largely  supplied  its  shelves  through  Mr.  Allen's 
London  Agency.  Many  of  the  extensive  libraries  belonging  to  the  Universities  and  Colleges  in 
the  East  have  also  secured  their  Foreign  Books  from  the  same  source,  and  we  have  heard  from 
the  officers  of  these  Institutions  frequent  testimony  to  the  scrupulous  exactness  with  which 
their  orders  were  always  filled. 

"We  cannot,  therefore,  do  a  greater  service  to  the  Colleges  and  Universities  of  the  West, 
to  which  these  presents  shall  come,  than  to  advise  that  they  employ  this  inexpensive  agency 
for  replenishing  their  Libraries  with  English  Books."  —  PRESIDENT  WELCH,  Iowa  State  Agri- 
cultural College, 

"  No  better  endorsement  of  Mr.  Allen's  Agency  is  possible  than  the  list  of  leading  libraries 
that  continue  to  use  it.  For  30  years,  strict  integrity  and  unexcelled  facilities  have  held  the  old 
and  made  new  patrons.  The  very  large  business  built  up  demands  only  a  small  commission. 
A  library  can  safely  entrust  all  its  London  orders  to  Mr.  Allen  without  getting  other  estimates 
and  feel  sure  that  it  is  not  making  a  mistake."  —  MELVIL  DEWEY,  State  Library,  New  York. 


EDW.  G.  ALLEN'S  AMERICAN  LIBRARY  AGENCY 

28   Henrietta  Street,   Covent  Garden,   LONDON. 

Member  American  Library  Association.  SPECIAL  TERMS  FOR  LARGE  ORDERS. 


SECOND    Fl.t 


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THE     NEW    YORK    PUBLIC.     LIBRARY 


THE     LIBRARY     JOURNAL 


VOL.  22. 


DECEMBER,   1897. 


No.  12 


THE  succession  to  the  presidency  of  the 
American  Library  Association,  in  such  event 
as  the  death  of  Dr.  Winsor,  is  not  determined 
by  the  constitution,  nor  is  it  settled  by  prece- 
dent. The  constitution  provides  for  vice-presi- 
dents without  ranking  them,  and  it  is  only  by 
custom  that  the  vice-president  receiving  the 
greater  number  of  votes  has  been  considered 
the  first  vice-president.  It  is  not,  indeed,  clear 
whether  the  vice-presidents  are  substitute  ex- 
ecutives or  chiefly  honorary  officers.  When 
Mr.  Dewey,  in  1891,  resigned  the  presidency  be- 
cause he  could  not  attend  the  California  con- 
ference, Mr.  Soule  being  then  considered  the 
first  vice-president,  a  meeting  of  the  executive 
board  was  held  at  Mr.  Soule's  office  at  Boston, 
when  by  general  consent  it  was  voted  that  Mr. 
Green,  of  Worcester,  who  was  not  then  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  board,  should  be  elected 
president.  When  Dr.  Linderfelt  withdrew  from 
the  presidency  in  1892  a  meeting  of  the  execu- 
tive board  was  held  and  it  was  voted  that  the 
first  vice-president,  Mr.  Fletcher,  should  assume 
the  duties  of  president.  Under  these  circum- 
stances Mr.  Hayes,  as  the  present  first  vice- 
president,  has  very  properly  assumed  the  duties 
of  the  presidency  pending  a  settlement  of  the 
question. 


IT  has  been  the  practice  of  the  American 
association,  differing  from  the  English  associa- 
tion, to  confine  the  presidency  to  a  working 
librarian,  that  is,  one  who  earns  his  living 
from  the  profession  ;  and  in  view  of  the  un- 
certainty of  the  question  and  of  this  precedent, 
Mr.  Dewey  obtained  from  the  members  of 
the  executive  board  an  expression  of  opinion 
which  proved  to  be  in  favor  of  Mr.  Putnam,  of 
the  Boston  Public  Library,  as  the  president, 
should  it  be  decided  that  the  office  was  vacant. 
It  would  seem  that  the  question  can  be  pro- 
visionally settled  only  by  a  meeting  of  the  ex- 
ecutive board,  which  is  difficult,  and  finally 
settled  only  by  the  association  itself,  which 
should  make  the  succession  perfectly  clear  in 
the  constitution.  Probably  the  easy  and  grace- 
ful solution  of  a  question  that  is  not  very  im 
portant  unless  it  is  made  so  will  be  that  Mr 
Hayes,  whom  every  one  in  the  association 


rusts  and  honors,  will  remain  as  acting  presi- 
dent until  the  conference,  which  might  then 
ind  itself  at  liberty,  without  reflection  upon  Mr. 
Hayes,  to  designate  a  president  for  that  confer- 
ence, unless  Mr.  Hayes  should  himself  prefer 
to  insist  upon  provisional  settlement  of  the 
question  by  the  executive  board.  Throughout 
the  history  of  the  association  the  president  has 
aeen  chiefly  the  presiding  officer  and  official 
representative  of  the  association,  and  the  secre- 
tary the  working  executive,  so  that  no  serious 
disadvantage  is  likely  to  arise  from  the  present 
situation. 

THE  act  of  the  Public  Printer,  in  reducing 
the  Superintendent  of  Documents  to  be  Libra- 
rian of  the  Document  Office,  has  raised  a  storm 
of  protest  from  the  library  profession  and  from 
the  friends  of  civil  service  reform,  which  shows 
a  most  wholesome  condition  of  the  public  mind 
on  these  relations.  A  memorial  sent  from  the 
public  depositories  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn, 
which  is  printed  elsewhere,  shows  the  library 
reason  against  the  deposition  of  a  faithful  pub- 
lic servant,  while  the  civil  service  reformers 
protest  that  the  action  of  the  Public  Printer  is 
unwarranted  and  contrary  to  law.  We  have  so 
frequently  spoken  in  commendation  of  Mr. 
Crandall's  work  in  the  reorganization  of  the 
system  of  public  documents,  with  a  view  to 
economy  in  their  production  and  effectiveness 
in  their  distribution,  that  it  is  neither  necessary 
nor  possible  to  say  more.  But  the  best  evi- 
dence of  his  effectiveness  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  the  index  to  the  documents  of  the  last  reg- 
ular session  of  Congress  was  ready,  in  most 
satisfactory  shape,  for  the  use  of  the  members 
of  this  Congress  before  the  opening  of  the  ses- 
sion. This  in  itself  is  a  most  important  econo- 
my, as  giving  to  Congressmen,  with  no  waste  of 
time,  immediate  reference  to  the  public  business 
of  the  last  session,  which  they  are  to  continue. 


WHAT  is  most  remarkable  in  Mr.  Crandall's 
career  is  that  those  who  most  opposed  his 
appointment,  among  them  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL, because  of  its  political  origin,  and  be- 
cause it  put  aside  Dr.  Ames,  who  had  done  so 
much  in  a  like  direction,  have  become  his  most 


736 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\December,  '97 


steadfast  supporters,  the  best  testimony  possi- 
ble to  the  value  of  his  service.  It  is  a  great 
satisfaction  that  the  same  is  becoming  true  in 
the  case  of  Mr.  Young,  as  Librarian  of  Congress; 
his  selection  of  fit  men  for  the  several  chiefs  of 
departments  has  made  it  possible  for  the  library 
profession,  so  far  as  consulted,  to  concur  unani- 
mously in  the  suggestion  that  the  office  of  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents  should  now  take 
its  place  in  library  relations  as  part  of  the 
national  library,  and  find  ample  and  fitting 
room  in  the  new  library  building  instead  of 
temporary  and  expensive  quarters  in  a  private 
building  in  Washington.  This  will  be  a  direct 
saving  to  the  government  and  an  immense  ad- 
vantage to  the  office  and  the  people.  Incident- 
ally, one  result  of  Mr.  Young's  appointment 
has  been  the  vindication  of  Mr.  Spofford  from 
any  suspicion  of  wrong-doing  that  those  who 
did  not  know  him  might  have  had  in  connec- 
tion with  the  shortage  in  his  accounts.  The 
discovery  of  uncashed  checks  and  unused  money 
orders,  forgetfully  stowed  away  for  years,  has 
made  his  integrity  clear,  while  justifying  the 
change  that  has  relieved  him  from  the  respon- 
sibility of  an  executive  officer  and  placed  him 
in  a  position  fitting  to  his  temperament,  and  in 
which  his  knowledge  and  experience  should 
have  full  play. 


WITH  the  acceptance  of  the  plans  for  its  new 
building,  the  New  York  Public  Library  enters 
upon  the  final  stage  of  its  preparation  for  the 
great  work  that  awaits  it  as  the  centre  of  library 
interests  in  the  second  greatest  city  in  the 
world.  Throughout  this  preparation  nothing 
has  been  more  remarkable  than  the  rapidity 
and  smoothness  with  which  the  successive 
steps  in  the  library's  development  have  been 
accomplished.  There  have  been  no  halts,  no 
apparent  obstacles,  in  a  course  that  at  first  sight 
seemed  to  offer  insuperable  difficulties  ;  but  the 
whole  work  has  been  so  wisely  planned  and  so 
skilfully  directed  that  the  seeming  ease  of  its 
accomplishment  belies  the  real  character  of  the 
task.  Yet  there  is  a  second  reason  for  the  way 
in  which  the  path  has  been  made  smooth  for  the 
library's  progress,  and  that  is  the  realization  on 
the  part  of  the  public  of  what  the  Public  Li- 
brary means  to  them.  In  New  York  this  reali- 
zation has  been  long  deferred,  but  that  it  has 
come  at  length  the  use  made  of  the  present  li- 
brary equipment  of  the  city  shows  with  sur- 
prising force.  The  circulation  of  books  from 
New  York  libraries  within  the  last  year  was  over 


two  million  volumes  from  a  total  supply,  for  cir- 
culating purposes,  of  less  than  400,00(3  volumes 
—  or  on  an  average  of  five  to  one ;  a  showing  that 
foreshadows  the  results  that  must  follow  upon  an 
organized  and  adequate  library  system,  branch- 
ing throughout  the  greater  city  and  bringing 
books  within  the  reach  of  all.  The  difference 
between  the  library  conditions  in  New  York  to- 
day and  those  of  five  years  ago,  great  as  it  is, 
is  as  nothing  to  the  contrast  that  can  surely  be 
predicted  between  the  conditions  as  they  exist 
to-day  and  as  they  will  be  five  years  hence. 
Nor  can  it  be  doubted  that  the  same  wisdom 
and  foresight  that  have  created,  within  two 
years,  the  New  York  Public  Library,  will  recog- 
nize the  great  opportunities  now  opening  before 
it  and  guide  it  to  a  future  of  usefulness  the 
limits  of  which  it  is  hard  to  foresee. 


OF  the  building  itself,  it  may  fairly  be  said 
that  it  is  a  library  building,  in  a  sense  not  often 
applied  to  examples  of  library  architecture. 
Library  utility  and  the  practical  needs  of  library 
administration,  rather  than  monumental  feat- 
ures or  artistic  "effects,"  have  been  the  objects 
held  steadily  in  view  by  the  trustees  and  the 
director,  emphasized  in  the  suggestive  plans, 
and  finally  recognized  by  the  architects  in  a 
building  that  while  fully  meeting  aesthetic  re- 
requirements  is  a  model  and  an  example  of 
what  a  library  building  should  be.  The  main 
outlines  of  the  building  are  familiar  to  librarians, 
through  their  presentation  at  the  Philadelphia 
conference  and  elsewhere,  and  it  is  especially 
gratifying  that  none  of  the  features  that  in  the 
preliminary  plans  called  forth  the  heartiest  li- 
brary approval  have  been  eliminated  in  the 
final  designs.  One  unimportant  reading-room 
alone  has  been  sacrificed  to  architectural  con- 
siderations ;  but  that  is  the  only  instance  in 
which  artistic  claims  have  been  emphasized  at 
the  expense  of  practical  needs.  Here,  as  else- 
where, the  working  from  within  outward,  from 
the  practical  requirement  to  the  artistic  effect, 
has  made  the  success  which,  as  the  basis  of  all 
good  building,  may  be  expected  from  it.  Per- 
haps the  most  notable  feature  of  the  building  is 
the  provision  made  for  readers,  in  which  re- 
spect it  surpasses  any  other  library  in  the  world. 
The  British  Museum  reading-room,  with  its 
450  seats,  is  in  a  chronic  condition  of  over- 
crowding ;  at  Boston  the  lack  of  sufficient 
reading-room  accommodation  is  a  danger  of  the 
immediate  future,  and  the  same  is  to  be  feared 
for  the  Chicago  library.  In  the  main  top-story 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


737 


reading-room  of  the  New  York  Public  Library 
there  will  be  800  seats,  while  provision  for  250 
additional  readers  is  made  in  the  several 
smaller  special  reading  and  study  rooms.  The 
plans  as  a  whole  deserve  the  careful  attention 
of  librarians,  and  the  hearty  thanks  and  con- 
gratulations of  the  library  profession  should  be 
extended  to  the  library  authorities,  whose  care- 
ful planning  and  wise  direction  have  made 
possible  the  production  of  a  building  not  only 
beautiful  in  itself  but  promising  to  be  the  most 
practical  and  satisfactory  library  building  that 
has  yet  been  given  to  the  world. 


Communications. 


A.  L.  A.  PHOTOGRAPH  WANTED. 

ANY  one  having  a  copy  of  a  photograph  of  a 
group  of  members  of  the  American  Library  As- 
sociation taken  in  front  of  the  Case  Library, 
Cleveland,  will  confer  a  favor  on  a  member  of 
the  association  by  communicating  with  me. 
Please  note  that  the  photograph  is  not  the  one 
which  was  reproduced  in  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 
of  September,  1896.  W.  H.  BRETT. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY.     I 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  f 

CORPORA  TE  ENTRY. 

I  HAVE  been  much  interested  in  the  discussion 
in  the  September  number  of  the  LIBRARY  JOUR- 
NAL on  "Corporate  entry"  by  Mr.  Cutter  and 
Miss  Clarke,  in  reply  to  an  article  by  Mr. 
Fletcher  in  the  November  1896  number  of  the 
L.  j.  Perhaps  you  will  permit  an  outsider 
who  has  no  axe  to  grind,  and  no  system  of 
rules  to  advocate,  to  say  a  word  or  two  on  this 
subject.  Mr.  Cutter,  with  his  usual  sagacity, 
has  seized  upon  the  vital  point  in  this  discus- 
sion by  directing  attention  to  the  question,  "  Is 
a  corporate  body  (or  government)  to  be  con- 
sidered as  the  author  of  the  publications  for 
which  it  foots  the  bills,  and  for  which  it  as- 
sumes official  responsibility?"  If  a  corporate 
body  (or  government)  is  responsible  for  publica- 
tions issued  by  its  authority  —  and  I  think  every 
impartial  observer  will  agree  that  it  is  so  re- 
sponsible —  then  the  suggestions  of  both  Mr. 
Fletcher  and  Miss  Clarke  are  ruled  out  of  court. 
Assuming  that  corporate  bodies  are  authors  of 
their  publications,  then  Mr.  Fletcher's  remedy 
of  an  assumed  evil  violates  the  fundamental 
principle  that  all  of  an  author's  works  should 
appear  under  his  name.  And  Miss  Clarke's 
proposed  remedy  makes  confusion  worse  con- 
founded by  confusing  the  fundamental  distinc- 
tion between  authors  and  subjects. 

All  corporate  publications  should  appear 
twice :  once  under  the  corporate  name,  and 
secondly,  under  the  subject,  either  by  explicit 
entry  or  by  a  reference.  If  Mr.  Cutter's  con- 
tention is  right,  that  "corporate  bodies"  are 
authors,  then  Dziatzko's  rule  is  ridiculous.  It 


is  exactly  analogous  to  putting  novels  under 
their  titles  but  refusing  to  put  them  under  their 
authors. 

I  regret  to  be  obliged  to  contradict  a  lady, 
but  when  the  feminine  intellect  condescends  to 
appeal  to  logic  it  must  expect  to  be  judged  by 
the  rules  of  that  science  and  not  by  sentiment. 
In  my  opinion  Miss  Clarke's  suggestion  is  even 
worse  than  Mr.  Fletcher's.  Mr.  Cutter's  rule 
and  practice  is  all  right  and  can't  be  improved 
upon,  except  in  detail.  JACOB  SCHWARTZ. 

FREE  LIBRARY  GEN.  Soc.  MECHANICS  I 
AND  TRADESMEN,  New  York.         ( 

BOOKS  ON  LOCAL  INDUSTRIES. 

I  WAS  interested  in  "  A.  B.  J.'s  "  query  in  the 
May  LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  p.  244,  headed  "  Are 
books  on  local  industries  unnecessary  in  public 
libraries  ?  " 

Without  assuming  to  speak  for  all  communi- 
ties —  and  certainly  not  for  that  represented  by 
your  correspondent,  which  very  likely  may 
have  its  own  peculiar  conditions  —  I  will  say 
that  the  result  of  our  observation  (in  this  com- 
munity) for  the  past  20  years  is  very  perfectly 
embodied  in  the  following  quotation  from  a 
recently  published  account  of  "Industrial 
books  and  industrial  interests  in  the  new  build- 
ing" (Providence  P.  L.  Monthly  Bulletin,  June, 
1897,  p.  137): 

"  The  question  has  sometimes  been  raised  — 
outside  of  the  city  —  why  a  public  library- 
should  thus  develop  the  technical  side  of  its 
resources,  since  it  is  becoming  more  and  more 
common  for  the  proprietors  of  the  manufactur- 
ing industries  to  build  up  valuable  libraries  in 
their  own  offices,  and  since  many  of  the  em- 
ployes will  not  care  to  use  any  others.  There 
are  at  least  two  sufficient  answers  to  this  ques- 
tion. The  first,  which  concerns  the  proprietor, 
is  that  the  utmost  diligence,  shown  by  the  sepa- 
rate manufacturing  establishments,  in  building 
up,  each  by  itself,  the  collection  of  publications 
bearing  upon  its  particular  specialty,  does  not 
remove  the  necessity  for  the  building  up  of 
what  may  well  be  called  a  central  reservoir, 
planned  to  cover  the  field  as  a  whole.  The 
lines  of  studies  and  researches  in  industrial 
subjects  intersect,  and  the  inability  to  see,  at 
short  notice,  some  desired  publication,  much 
needed  but  not  foreseen,  is  always  keenly  felt. 
The  second  answer,  and  one  which  concerns  the 
artisan,  rather  than  the  proprietor,  is  that  it  is 
only  where  conditions  are  unstimulating  and 
the  intellectual  atmosphere  sluggish,  that  the 
grades  of  workmanship  remain  practically 
fixed  and  permanent,  with  no  developments  or 
promotions  from  one  to  the  other.  It  is  the 
testimony  of  those  who  have  lived  in  com- 
munities where  a  different  atmosphere  exists 
and  where  library  resources  are  generously 
supplied,  that  the  inferior  mechanic  of  to-day 
may  be  the  skilled  artisan  of  a  year  or  two 
hence,  and  that  it  is  the  resources  and  the  at- 
mosphere of  the  public  library  which  constitutes 
one  of  the  active  factors  in  the  problem." 

WILLIAM  E.  FOSTER. 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY.   I 
Providence,  R.  I.  ( 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


THE  AMERICAN  MEMORIAL  IN  SHAKE- 
SPEARE'S CHURCH. 

IN  the  September  number  of  the  LIBRARY 
JOURNAL  the  suggestion  was  made  that  the  li- 
brarians of  the  country  contribute  towards  a 
so-called  "American  "  window  in  Holy  Trinity 
Church  in  Stratford-on-Avon,  and  that  the 
JOURNAL  would  gladly  receive  contributions 
therefor.  As  it  seems  to  me  that  this  editorial 
must  have  been  written  without  full  knowledge 
of  what  the  plan  of  this  window  is,  I  write  to 
urge  that  any  such  subscription  be  given  up 
and  enclose  the  official  description  of  the  win- 
dow signed  by  the  vicar.  A  glance  at  this 
paper  will  show  the  bad  taste  and  utter  incon- 
gruity of  the  design.  It  is  not  a  window  which 
commemorates  Shakespeare,  American  literary 
men,  or  eminent  Americans.  The  figures  are 
combined  in  a  most  unsuitable  manner.  Arch- 
bishop Laud  may  have  been  a  most  worthy 
man,  but  no  more  deserves  commemoration 
from  Americans  than  the  Duke  of  Alva  does 
from  the  Dutch.  Bishop  Seabury  is  a  man 
whom  the  members  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Church  may  well  honor  as  their  first  bishop  in 
this  country.  But  why  should  the  rest  of  the  peo- 
ple remember  with  gratitude  this  leader  of  one 
of  the  smaller  religious  denominations  in  the 
United  States,  whose  civic  record  showed  such 
a  lack  of  devotion  to  America  that  he  was  a  con- 
sistent Tory  throughout  the  Revolution?  When 
we  find  Columbus,  Vespucci,  and  Penn  to- 
gether, we  feel  that  to  make  the  picture  com- 
plete we  need  only  Cecilius  Calvert,  Captain 
John  Smith,  and  Thomas  Paine. 

Trusting  that  a  fuller  understanding  of  the 
matter  may  cause  you  to  withdraw  your  indorse- 
ment of  this  window,  which  would  be  almost 
an  insult  to  the  United  States,  were  it  not  so 
absurd,  I  am,  BERNARD  C.  STEINER. 

ENOCH  PRATT  FREE  LIBRARY,  1 
Baltimore,  Md.  j° 

[WE  are  not  converted,  or  diverted,  by  Dr. 
Steiner's  letter,  from  the  opinion  that  it  would 
be  a  graceful  thing  on  the  part  of  American  li- 
brarians to  take  part  in  completing  the  memorial 
window  in  Shakespeare's  church.  A  picture 
window  is  not  expected  to  be  an  exact  historical 
statement  of  events,  and  it  does  not  seem  that 
Dr.  Steiner's  impeachment  of  the  anachronism 
and  his  objections  to  the  window  otherwise 
should  really  deter  American  librarians  from  the 
proposed  proof  of  international  sympathy.  The 
circular  to  which  he  refers  is  printed  on  page 
751. —  En.  L.  j.] 

THE  MAGAZINE  OF  WESTERN  HISTORY. 

FOR  some  months  past  I  have  been  endeavor- 
oring  to  find  out  just  what  constituted  a  com- 
plete set  of  the  Magazine  of  Western  History, 
Thus  far  my  search  has  been  unsatisfactory 
and  I  would  like  to  communicate  with  any 
reader  of  the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  who  has  a  com 
plete,  or  nearly  complete,  set  of  this  magazine 
with  a  view  to  fixing  the  bibliography. 

Under  the  title  of  Magazine  of  Western  His 


or\  were  published  vols.  i  -  14,  from  Nov.,  1884, 

o  Oct.,  1891.     The  name  was  then  changed  to 

\ational  Magazine,   and    I    had    until   recently 

upposed  that  the  publication  ceased  with  the 

number  for  May,  1894,  of  vol.  19.     I  have  now 

eason  to  believe  that  the  publication  was  con- 

inued.     I    have   recently  seen  the  gentleman 

who   published   the   periodical,    but,   curiously 

enough,  he  has  forgotten  when  the  last  number 

was  issued,  and  has  kept  neither   any  record 

nor  any  file  of  the  periodical.     Some  library  in 

his  country  must  have  the  set  complete,  and 

rom  that  library  I  should  like  to  hear. 

One  other  curious  point  about  this  National 
Magazine  I  have  discovered.  I  have  in  my 
jossession  a  number  for  Aug.,  1893,  contain- 
ng  pages  113-208,  of  vol.  18.  I  also  have 
another  number  of  the  same  date  and  volume, 
containing  pages  113-216,  and,  furthermore, 
after  page  198  the  matter  is  totally  different  in 
the  two  numbers.  Can  any  one  tell  if  this  was 
a  common  occurrence  in  this  periodical  ? 

FREDERICK  W.  FAXON. 

15}^  BEACON  STREET,  1 
Boston,  Mass.        | 

THE  CHILDREN'S  READING-ROOM  OF  THE 
PROVIDENCE  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

IT  is  fortunately  not  true  —  as  indicated  at 
page  679  of  the  November  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  — 
that  "  in  the  new  building  of  the  Providence 
Library  considerations  of  cost  "  will  make  "it 
necessary  to  give  up  the  addition  of  a  children's 
library."  This  was  true  at  the  time  that  the 
answers  were  made  to  Miss  Plummer's  inquiries 
in  December,  1896,  but  Mr.  Brown's  welcome 
gift  of  $200,000  relieved  us  from  so  dreaded  a 
necessity;  and  the  details  of  the  proposed  chil- 
dren's quarters  are  described  in  the  Monthly 
Bulletin  of  this  library  for  May,  1897,  p.  105  - 
17.  WILLIAM  E.  FOSTER. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY,       } 
Providence,  R.  I.  f 

A  "Z/6  T  OF  ERRORS  IN  WELL-KNOWN  BOOKS" 
PROPOSED. 

I  SHOULD  like  the  opinion  of  librarians  as  to 
the  value  of  a  "  List  of  errors  in  well-known 
books."  It  seems  to  me  that  we  might  co-oper- 
ate in  preparing  from  reviews,  etc.,  such  a  list 
for  the  reference  use  of  scholars,  or  to  be  cut 
up  and  pasted  into  the  books.  Mistakes  are  so 
often  copied  by  writer  after  writer  that  every 
good  book  should  have  a  list  of  errors  pasted 
on  the  inside  cover.  At  any  rate  the  subject  is 
"open  for  discussion."  C.  K.  BOLTON. 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY,       I 
Brookline,  Mass,  f 

[MR.  BOLTON'S  suggestion  is  interesting,  but 
we  fear  librarians  would  be  unanimous  in  nomi- 
nating Mr.  Bolton  himself  to  put  it  into  practice. 
The  library  profession  has  done  not  a  little 
toward  reforming  the  world,  or  its  immediate 
corner  of  it;  but  to  correct  all  the  errors  in  all 
the  books  of  all  time,  or  even  an  inconsiderable 
proportion  of  them,  would  so  add  to  the  burdens 
of  the  profession,  we  fear,  as  to  make  suicide 
too  alluring  a  refuge.  —  ED.  L.  j.] 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


739 


A  NOTATION  FOR  BOOKS. 


BY  HORACE  KEPHART,  Librarian  St.  Louis  (Mo.)  Mercantile  Library. 


I  HAVE  been  frequently  asked  to  explain  the 
system  for  numbering  books  which  was  men- 
tioned in  my  paper  on  classification,  printed  in 
the  proceedings  of  the  World's  Library  Con- 
gress at  Chicago  (U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Edu- 
cati<5n  Report,  1892-93,  vol.  I,  p.  861-897), 
and  as  the  subject  is  of  some  interest  to  libra- 
rians, I  venture  to  present  a  brief  but  sufficient 
description  of  the  plan. 

It  is  very  simple.  A  symbol  comprising  the 
numbers  from  i  to  9999,  followed  by  not  more 
than  two  letters,  gives  us  about  7,000,000  com- 
binations. Imagine,  first,  a  library  of  7,000,000 
volumes  arranged  in  any  order  you  please.  By 
numbering  the  volumes  from  la  to  ggggzz,  every 
volume  will  have  a  mark  identifying  it  for  all 
time,  and  showing  its  exact  place  in  this  enor- 
mous gathering  of  books.  It  makes  no  differ- 
ence how  logical  or  minute  your  classification 
may  be,  the  notation  does  not  interfere  with  it 
in  any  way. 

Now  suppose  you  have  only  70,000  volumes. 
You  can  label  them  in  the  same  manner,  and 
allow  loo  blanks  after  each  volume,  for  future 
growth.  But,  as  no  blanks  are  needed  between 
consecutive  volumes  of  a  series,  and  in  many 
classes  it  is  practically  certain  that  you  will 
never  need  100  blanks  after  each  volume,  the 
possible  expansion  of  the  system  is  greater 
than  loo  times,  before  you  will  need  a  third 
letter. 

Again,  suppose  you  begin  with  an  empty 
building.  Proceed  as  follows  : 

(1)  Prepare  a  system  of  classification,  of  any 
kind  thought  best.     In  making  it,  dismiss  all 
thought  of  a  notation  for  the  time   being,  that 
your  scheme  may  not  be  fettered  by  arbitrary 
limits  of  10  digits  or  26  letters.     If  you  want  27 
subdivisions  in  a  given  class,  make  27. 

(2)  When  your  system  is  finished,  count  the 
headings.     For  the  sake  of  illustration  we  will 
suppose  that  you  have  1058  all  told. 

(3)  Allot  the  numbers  from  i  to  9999  to  your 
1058  headings,  giving  to  some  a  single  number 
each,  to  others  2,  to  others  5,  to  English  Fiction 
perhaps  500,  and  so  on,  in  proportion  to  the 
relative  number  of  volumes  and  probable  growth 
of  the  various   classes  in  an  imaginary  library 
of  great  size. 

This  is  not  mere  guess-work.  You  are  al- 
lowed an  average  margin  of  error  of  90  per 


cent.,  on  the  supposition  that  you  begin  with  an 
empty  building  and  gradually  accumulate  700,000 
volumes  before  you  need  add  a  third  letter  to 
your  symbol.  Every  library  that  shelves  its 
books  by  the  method  called  "fixed  location," 
that  is  to  say,  by  giving  the  books  shelf  num- 
bers instead  of  class  and  author  numbers,  must 
estimate  its  growth  far  more  closely  than  this. 

(4)  In  distributing  these  9999  numbers,  allow 
gaps  after  a  few  of  the  main  classes,  so  that 
the   marks   for   History,  Science,  Fiction,  etc., 
will   begin  with   round   numbers.     This   is   for 
convenience  in  tabulating  statistics  of  circula- 
tion.    But  do  not  carry  it  too  far,  or  you  will 
waste  numbers  enormously. 

Now  decide  upon  the  order  of  arranging  the 
books  under  each  heading.  Many  of  your 
headings  will  probably  be  further  subdivided 
by  subjects,  or  chronologically,  and  all  of  them 
by  authors,  titles,  editions,  copies.  In  Fiction 
and  individual  Biography  the  arrangement  will 
no  doubt  be  alphabetical  from  the  start,  so 
assign  your  500  Fiction  numbers  to  as  many 
alphabetical  groups,  thus  : 

9000  English  Fiction,  authors  from  A  to  Abbot 

9001  "  "  "          "     Abbott  to  Abo,    • 

9002  "  "  "     Abu  to  Adam, 

9003  "  "  "          "     Adams  to  Ade, 

and  so  on. 

(5)  You  now  have  a  system  of  classification, 
with  headings  numbered  from  i  to  9999,  which 
makes  full  allowance  for  the  uneven  growth  of 
the   different   classes,   and    with   some    of  the 
larger  classes   subdivided  into   author-groups. 
But  you  have  no  marks,  as  yet,  for  the  individ- 
ual  authors,   works,  editions,  etc.     These  are 
supplied  by  the  addition  of  one  or  two  letters 
to   the  figures.     Decimals  following  a  decimal 
point  may  be  used  if  preferred  ;  but  they  will 
make    the    symbols   longer,   and    introduce   a 
feature  that  requires  explanation.     Letters  are 
self-explanatory   to    the    dullest    intelligence  ; 
they  afford   702  combinations  with  two  charac- 
ters, while  figures  yield  but  99  ;  and  they  give 
a  restful  break  to  eye  and  ear,   if  used  in  the 
uniform  manner  here  suggested.     It  is  unlikely 
that  more  than   two   letters   will  be   required, 
save  in  rare  instances,  so  there  will  be  no  ugly 
combinations  to  excite  the  ridicule  of  the  un- 
godly.    As  the  order  of  letters  and  figures  is 
invariably  the  same,  there  will  be  no  jumbled- 


740 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{December,  '97 


up  hieroglyphics  to  be  deciphered  whenever  a 
book  is  sought  or  returned  to  the  shelf.  What 
this  means  to  the  attendants  may  be  realized  by 
comparing  the  following  specimens  of  three 
different  systems,  all  of  the  same  number  of 
characters,  and  imagining  a  boy  trying  to  ar- 
range them  in  proper  order  : 

3483  ge  36.93.88  PQ.D9C 

47»9  Jd  8727.M.3  MR4.T6 

8365  cv  4227.  M  3  A26.aG 

1346  ab  3. 627. A. b  0299.  K 

4724  pp  o62.7.Ab  LHZM.A 

(6)  You  will  now  decide  whether  to  make  the 
book  symbol  identify  the  individual  volumes,  or 
only  the  works  and  different  copies  of  the  same 
work.      In  our  suppositious   library  each  vol- 
ume had  a  distinguishing  mark,  and  it  is  quite 
feasible  to  do  this,  even  in  a  large  library,  with- 
out going  beyond  four  figures  and  two  letters. 
But  this  is  not  attempted  by  any  notation  now 
in  use.     It  is  evidently  much  easier  to  provide 
for  future  growth  if  the  symbol  stops  with  the 
work  or  copy,  and  the  number  of  the  volume  is 
added  in  charging.     If  this  is  done,  the  capacity 
of  our  system  is  expanded. 

(7)  The   method   of   applying   the   letters   is 
illustrated  by  the  following  examples  : 

We  will  suppose  that  your  classification  of 
English  drama  is  numbered  thus  : 

8500  English  drama  in  General. 

8501  "       —  History. 

8502  "       —  Minor  topics    (subdivided  as 

required). 

8503  "          "       —  Collections,  A  to  L. 

8504  "  "       —          "  M  to  Z. 

8505  "        —  Individual  authors,  A. 

8506  "  "        —  "  «        B, 

and  so  on. 

The  literature  of  Shakespeare,  being  volumi- 
nous, will  be  subdivided  more  minutely,  thus: 

8520  Shakespeare—  Collective  editions. 

8521  —  Selections. 

8522  "  —  Single  plays. 
8s23a-m        "  —  Poems. 
852sn-z         "           —  Ascribed  works. 

8524  —  Translations  (arranged  under  lan- 
guages). 

85253-11  "  —  Language,  grammars,  glossaries. 

Ssasi-r  "  —  Quotations. 

85253-z  "  —  Concordances. 

8s26a-e  "  —  Sources. 

8526f-z  "  —  Special  knowledge. 

And  so  on  down  through  your  classification  of 
Shakespeareana. 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  collective  editions 
are  marked  852oab  to  852022  (never  use  plain  a, 
as  you  cannot  insert  anything  before  it).  Now 
we  will  suppose  that  at  the  start  you  have  only 
three  editions  of  the  collected  works,  and  that 
you  wish  to  arrange  them  alphabetically  under 


editors,  rather  than  chronologically.  Consult 
some  bibliography,  or  prepare  a  table  of  700 
alphabetical  groups,  and  mark  your  editions 
accordingly: 

8s2oie       Dyce.     Library  ed.    1885-6. 
8s2omr     Hudson.    Expurgated  ed.    1879-81. 
Ssaova     Rolfe.    Friendly  ed.    1876-84. 

As  the  library  grows,  other  editions  will  be 
interpolated,  thus  : 

8$2ofm  Clark  &  Wright.    Cambridge  ed.    1863-66. 

8s2oft  Collier.     1842-44. 

852ofv  "           1875-78. 

852ohd  Delius.     1882. 

8s2oie  Dyce.     Library  ed.    1885-6. 

8520016  Furness.     New  variorum  ed.    1871- 

8s2omr  Hudson.     Expurgated  ed.    1885-6. 

8s2oms  "            Harvard  ed.     1880-90. 

8520012  Irving  &  Marshall.    1887-90. 

852ons  Knight.    Leopold  ed.    1887. 

8s2ont  "           Miniature  ed.     1889. 

8s2onv  "           Reader's  ed.    1876-84. 

8s2oqw  Morgan.    Bankside  ed.    1888- 

8s2ova  Rolfe.    Friendly  ed.    1876-84. 

8s2ovb  "                "         "      (Another  copy.) 

8s2owp  Singer.    Aldine  ed.    1875-77. 

8520x0  Staunton.    Library  ed.     1889. 

8520x6  "             Edition  de  luxe.     1881. 

8s2ozn  White.    6  vol.  ed.    1883. 

Ssaozt  Wright.    New  Cambridge  ed.     1891-3. 

It  will  be  well,  at  the  start,  to  construct  a  set 
of  tables  of  5,  10,  20,  50,  etc.,  alphabetical 
groups,  to  aid  in  assigning  your  letters.  These 
can  be  made  in  a  few  hours  with  the  help  of 
such  a  list  of  names  as  Phillips's  "  Dictionary  of 
biographical  reference."  They  are  to  be  used 
only  as  suggestions,  and  departed  from  when- 
ever you  wish.  As  the  library  grows  the  shelf 
list  becomes  its  own  guide,  and  the  tables  are 
discarded. 

I  have  now  shown  how  to  make  and  apply  a 
notation  which  will  identify,  and  show  the  ex- 
act relative  position  of,  every  subject,  author, 
work,  translation,  edition,  copy,  in  a  library  of 
any  size,  in  which  the  books  are  classified  on 
the  "movable"  plan,  with  the  utmost  possible 
"closeness,"  by  using  a  series  of  symbols  as 
short  and  simple  as  123432,  which  does  not 
fetter  the  classification  in  any  respect  whatever. 
A  part  only  of  this  result  has  been  attained 
hitherto  at  the  cost  of  malformed  classifications, 
and  of  exceedingly  long  and  complicated  marks, 
like  353.974768  or  Y47D.G55F.Ebo.  It  needs 
no  demonstration  to  show  that  when  attendants 
must  find,  charge,  and  return  books  by  means 
of  such  fearful  marks,  they  are  wasting  time, 
temper,  and  money. 

What  have  we  sacrificed  to  gain  this  sim- 
plicity and  clearness  ?  Nothing  but  a  feature 
miscalled  "  mnemonic."  I  have  used  such  a 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


system  for  several  years,  and  have  never  found 
its  mnemonics  of  the  slightest  practical  value. 
On  the  contrary,  this  feature  imposes  an  ad- 
ditional burden  upon  the  memory,  if  one  pays 
any  attention  to  it.  I  do  not  know  to-day  what 
the  initial  letters  of  my  notation  stand  for,  nor 
have  I  any  occasion  to.  I  know  the  order  in 


which  subjects  follow  each  other  on  the  shelves. 
This  must  be  learned  in  any  case.  Why,  then, 
should  I  further  tax  my  memory  with  such  for- 
mulae as  F=History  and  G=Geography  ?  It  is 
like  balancing  a  half-sack  of  grain  on  a  horse's 
back  by  shifting  it  all  to  one  end  and  putting  a 
grindstone  in  the  other. 


A  HANDBOOK  OF  AMERICAN    LIBRARIES. 
BY  FREDERICK  J.  TEGGART,  Assistant  Librarian  Leland  Stanford  Jr.  University  Library. 


IT  was  a  wise  resolve  of  the  leaders  in  the 
library  movement  20  years  ago,  the  work  being 
large  and  all  ahead,  that  there  should  be  no 
retrospective  glances  on  the  part  of  those  who 
enlisted  to  share  the  new  burdens  of  library 
service. 

The  policy,  as  needed  no  prophetic  insight  to 
foretell,  has  been  crowned  with  a  great  success. 
The  last  score  of  years  has  witnessed  such  an 
aggrandizement  of  the  libraries  of  the  United 
States  that  the  eyes  of  Europe,  formerly  turned 
on  us  with  ill-disguised  amusement  or  contempt, 
are  now  put  to  the  service  of  learning  from  our 
results.  And  we  are  as  yet  scarce  out  of  the 
initiatory  stage  of  progress. 

Placed  together,  the  two  pages  of  library 
statistics  contained  in  the  report  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Education  for  1869,  as  against  the 
260  pages  published  by  the  Bureau  of  Educa- 
tion in  1897,  not  improperly  may  be  taken  as  a 
measure  of  the  increase  in  the  importance  of 
such  institutions  in  the  eyes  of  our  own  people. 

Such  statistics  are  the  ever-varying  record  of 
the  outward  and  visible  phenomena  upon  which 
an  estimate  of  library  conditions  must  largely 
depend.  In  the  reports  mentioned,  the  class, 
number  of  volumes,  extent  of  use,  and  source  of 
financial  support  of  each  library  are  stated  with 
a  certain  amount  of  uniformity.  The  particular 
use  or  value  of  such  figures  consists,  presuma- 
bly, in  their  present  interest;  and  the  accumula- 
tion of  them  will  also  in  time  supply  some 
student  with  exhaustive  materials  for  n  +  I 
number  of  diagrammatic  charts. 

When  General  Walker  remarked  in  1870  that 
"  the  statistics  of  libraries  have  never  been  very 
creditable  to  the  census  of  the  United  States"1 
he  was  unconsciously  giving  expression  to  a  sen- 
timent which  has  been  the  experience  of  all  those 
who  have  endeavored  at  any  time  to  state  in 
figures  the  relative  importance  of  different  col- 

1 "  Compendium  of  the  ninth  census,"  p.  505. 


lections  of  books.  Even  accurately  determined 
figures,  could  such  be  obtained,  "enable  one 
only  to  form  an  idea  of  the  relative  importance 
of  these  institutions,  for  the  value  of  a  library 
cannot  be  reckoned  from  its  bulk  or  number  of 
volumes."  a 

Petit-Radel3  seems  to  have  been  the  earliest 
writer  to  attempt  to  show  the  "  6tat  actuel  des 
bibliotheques  publiques"  by  enumerating  in  a 
table  their  number  of  volumes,  including  in  his 
book  such  a  list  of  the  principal  libraries  in 
France.  In  attempting  a  general  statistical 
view  of  libraries  Balbi  was  followed  by  Voisin,4 
Edwards,5  Winsor,6  Tedder  and  Thomas,'  and 
Richter.8 

More  satisfactorily  than  by  statistics  the  rela- 
tive status  of  the  libraries  of  a  city,  country,  or 
continent  might  be  shown  by  descriptive  state- 
ments compiled  by  those  whose  knowledge 
would  insure  a  just  estimate  of  the  particular 
noteworthiness  of  each.  Such  a  method  ap- 
plied generally  becomes  indeed  the  history  of 
libraries  as  usually  written,  notwithstanding 
that  in  practice  the  method  has  proven  un- 
wieldy ;  and  that,  even  when  restricted  to  a 
particular  country,  as  by  Greenwood*  and 
Jewett.10  The  work  of  the  latter  contained 

3  Balbi,  A.    "  Essai  statistique  sur  les  bibliotheques  de 
Vienne,"  p.  j.    Vienne,  1835.    8°. 

s  Petit-Radel,  L.  C.  F.  "  Recherches  sur  les  biblio- 
thfrques  anciennes  et  modernes."  Paris,  1819.  8°. 

4  Voisin,  A.    "  Statistique  des  principales  bibliotheques 
de  1'Europe."    Bruxelles,  1837.     iae. 

•"  Edwards,  E.  "  A  statistical  account  of  the  principal 
public  libraries  of  Europe  and  America."  London,  3d  ed., 
1849.  f°. 

9  In  "  Seventeenth  annual  report  of  the  trustees  of  the 
Boston  Public  Library,"  1869. 

7  In  article  Libraries  in  "  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,"  9th 
ed. 

8  Richter,  P.  E.    "  Verzeichniss  der  Bibliotheken  mit 
gegen  50,000  und  mehr  BUnden."    Lpz.,  1893.    8°. 

•  Greenwood,  T.  "  Public  libraries."  4th  ed.  Lond., 
1894.  12°. 

"Jewett,  C.  C.  "Notices  of  public  libraries  in  the 
U.  S."  Wash.,  1851.  8°.  (Smithsonian  reports.) 


742 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


such  information  as  could  be  elicited  from 
the  officers  of  the  different  libraries,  supple- 
mented by  notes  taken  from  newspapers  and 
other  general  sources.  An  enlarged  edition 
was  prepared  by  W.  J.  Rhees  and  published  by 
Lippincott  in  1859."  The  impracticability  of 
carrying  out  such  a  system  to  any  degree  of 
fulness  becomes  apparent  when  one  thinks  of 
such  works  as  Macray's  "  Annals  of  the  Bodle- 
ian library."  (2nd  ed.  Oxford,  1890.  8°.)  Ed- 
wards' "Lives  of  the  founders  of  the  British 
Museum."  (Lond.,  1870.  8°.)  or  Quincy's 
"  History  of  the  Boston  Athenaeum."  (Cam- 
bridge, 1851.  8°.) 

As  early  as  1814  a  solution  of  the  difficulty 
was  indicated  by  the  portion  of  Home's  "  Intro- 
duction to  the  study  of  bibliography  "  (Lond., 
1814.  2  vols.  8°.)  devoted  to  a  bibliography 
of  the  "Catalogues  &c.,  of  British  [and  for- 
eign] public  libraries." 

Singularly  enough  Home's  work  is  not  men- 
tioned in  a  better-known  one  which  was  de- 
voted entirely  to  the  literature  of  libraries  — 
Vogel's  ' '  Literatur  europaischer  offentlicher  und 
corporations-bibliotheken."  (Lpz.,  1840.  8°.) 
Vogel  in  a  most  painstaking  manner  gives  the 
page  references  to  the  existing  accounts  of 
European  libraries,  and  also  indicates  their 
published  catalogs.  The  work  of  Ottino  and 
Fumagalli iy  on  the  libraries  of  Italy  is  in 
perfect  bibliographical  form  and  illustrates  by 
contrast  how  badly  official  work  may  be  done 
when  placed  beside  the  French  work  which 
occupies  about  the  same  ground.13 

The  indefatigable  Petzholdt  combined  both 
description  and  bibliography  in  his  well-known 
"  Adressbuch."14 

It  seems  to  the  present  writer  that  a  hand- 
book of  American  libraries  might  be  prepared 
on  lines  taking  advantage  of  the  good  points 
revealed  by  the  experiments  and  experience  of 
others  and  avoiding  their  points  of  failure.  Its 
preparation  would  of  necessity  be  co-operative 
and  might  be  carried  out  most  readily  by  the 
various  state  library  associations. 

It  is  not  without  significance  in  this  connec- 
tion that  the  Commissioner  of  Education  has 

11  Rhees,  W.  J.    "Manual  of  public  libraries,  institu- 
tions, and  societies  in  the  U.  S.,  and  British  provinces  of 
N.America."    Phila.,  1859.    8°.    18  +  687  p. 

12  Ottino,  G.,  and  Fumagalli,  G.    "  Bibliotheca  biblio- 
graphica  Italica."    Roma,  1889-95.    2  vols.    4°. 

13"Annuaire  des  bibliotheques  et  des  archives  pour 
1886."  And  annually. 

14  Petzholdt,  J.  "Adressbuch  der  Bibliotheken  Deutsch- 
lands."  Neu  hrsg.  Dresden,  1875.  8°. 


published15  a  list  of  the  "Learned  and  educa- 
cational  societies  "of  the  U.  S.,  giving  particulars 
of  their  foundation,  objects,  officers,  and  publi- 
cations. The  American  Historical  Society  also 
has  printed  and  reprinted  a  "  Bibliography  of 
American  historical  societies."16 

Even  more  worthy  of  notice  is  the  awakening 
of  interest  in  the  history  of  libraries,  as  exempli- 
fied by  such  papers  as  Weeks'  "Libraries  of 
North  Carolina,"17  Steiner's  "  Rev.  Thomas 
Bray  and  his  American  libraries,"18  Potter  and 
Bolton's  "Librarians  of  Harvard  College" 
(Bibliog.  contributions,  no.  52),  1897,  and  the 
recent  work  of  Ogle19  on  the  free  library. 

This  new  historical  attitude  is  no  weakening 
from  the  original  starting-point  of  American 
librarianship,  but  is  a  testimonial  to  the  efforts 
of  those  leaders  whose  labors  have  enabled 
their  successors  to  draw  breath  from  the  press 
of  the  struggle  and  to  look  round  them  to  dis- 
cover whence  they  have  come  and  whither  they 
are  bound. 

The  following  items  are  given  as  a  sugges- 
tion of  the  form  which  might  be  adopted  for 
the  suggested  "  Handbook." 

CALIFORNIA. 

Apponyi,  F.  H.  Libraries  of  California.  S.  F., 
1878.  8°.  304  p. 

Clark,  F.  H.  Libraries  and  librarians  of  the 
Pacific  Coast.  Overland  Monthly,  n.  s. 
19:449-464.  (Nov.,  1891.) 

Whitaker,  A.  E.     Public  libraries  of  San  Fran- 
cisco and  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 
In  Public  libs,  of  the  U.  S.     Special  report, 
1876.    p.  991-  1009. 

BERKELEY  : 

1.  Name:  Library  of  the    University  of  Cali- 

fornia. 

2.  Founded :  1868.     Organic  act  organizing  the 

university  approved  Nov.  23,  1868.     Calif. 
Statutes,  1867-68,  p.  248. 

3.  Librarians  :  J.  C.  Rowell,  1875  + 

4.  Volumes:  70,000.     Pamphlets:  40,000. 

5.  Income:  Endowment  $50,000,  Michael  Reese 

fund,  income  used  for  purchase  of  books. 
Annual  appropriations  from  the  general  funds 
of   the   university   for   books,    periodicals, 
and  expenses. 


15  "  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  "•  for  1893 
-94.  Wash.,  1896.  vol.  2,  p.  1493-1661. 

1611  Annual  report  of  the  Amer.  Hist.  Soc."  for  1895. 
Wash.,  1896.  p.  675-1247. 

1  *"  Annual  report  of  the  Amer.  Hist.  Soc."  for  1895. 
Wash.,  1896.  p.  171-224. 

ls  Amer.  kist.  review.    2  :  59-75  (Oct.,  1896).     • 

19  Ogle,  J:  J.  The  free  library  :  its  history  and  present 
condition,  etc.  Lond.,  1897.  8°.  (The  library  series; 
ed.  by  Dr.  R:  Garnett.) 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


743 


6.  Publications  : 
Annual  reports, 

Included  in  the  annual  reports  of  the  sec- 
retary of  the  university. 

Contents-index,  vol.  i.  Berkeley,  Cal.,  1889- 
90.  O.  4+520  p. 

Library  bulletins  : 

1.  Co-operative  list  of  periodical  literature. 
2d  ed.     Ed.  by  J.  C.  Rowell.     1892. 

2.  Notes  on  library  progress,  and  descrip- 
tion of  the  library  building.     1881.     (Out 
of  print.) 

3.  Catalog  of  the  library  presented  by  H. 
D.  Bacon.     1882. 

4.  Catalog  of  the  Bacon  Art  Gallery.     2d 
ed.     1892. 

[5]  Catalog  of  the  loan  book  exhibition  held 
at  the  university.  By  J.  C.  Rowell. 
1884. 

6.  Photographs  of  sculpture  presented  by 
John  S.  Hittell.     1885. 

7.  Catalog  of  the  theological  library  pre- 
sented by  A.  S.  Hallidie.     1886. 

8.  References  for  students  of  miracle  plays 
and  mysteries.     By  Francis  H.  Stoddard. 
1887.     (Out  of  print.) 

9.  List  of  printed  maps  of  California.     By 
J.  C.  Rowell.     1887. 

10.  Cardinal  Guala  and  the  Vercelli  book. 

By  Albert  S.  Cook.     1888.      - 
u.  Guide  to  the  literature  of  aesthetics.    By 

C.   M.   Gayley  and  F.    N.    Scott.     1890. 

(Out  of  print.) 
12.  Classification   of   books   in  the  library. 

By  Joseph  C.  Rowell.     1894. 

[J.  C.  R.] 

7.  Publications  about : 

PALO  ALTO  (STANFORD  UNIVERSITY  p.  o.) : 

1.  Name :  Library  of  the  Leland  Stanford  Jun- 

ior University. 

2.  Founded ' :  1885.     Act   of   endowment  of  the 

university  approved  March  9,  1885.  Calif. 
Statutes,  1885.  p.  49.  Opened  Oct.  1,1891. 

3.  Librarians:  E.  H.  Woodruff,  1891-1896. 

H.  C.  Nash,  1896+ 

4.  Volumes:  37,500.     Pamphlets:  25,000. 

5.  Income:    Annual   appropriations    from    uni- 

versity funds.  Also  for  support  of  Hop- 
kins collections,  from  Timothy  Hopkins, 
Esq. 

6.  Publications:  Catalogue  of  the  Hopkins  Rail- 

way Library  by  F:  J:  Teggart.  Palo  Alto, 
Cal.,  1895.  sq.  O.  10+231  p. 

7.  Publications  about  : 

Teggart,  F:  J:  Hopkins  Railroad  Library 
of  Stanford  University.  Railroad  Gazette, 
Jan.  18,  1895.  [F:J:T.] 

SAN   FRANCISCO  I 

1.  Name:  Mechanics'  Institute  Library. 

2.  Founded:  1855. 

Re-incorporated  1869. 

3.  Librarians:  P.  B.  Dexter,  1855-1865. 

W:  Bausman,  1866. 
J.  B.  Pierce,  1867-1868. 
G:C.  Hurlbut,  1869-1878. 
Horace  Wilson,  1878-1894. 
A.  M.  Jellison,  1894+ 


4.  Volumes:  75,420. 

5.  Income:  Derived   from  subscriptions  (quar- 

terly dues).     Expositions.     Rents.     James 
Lick  endowment  —  $10,000. 

6.  Publications  : 

Annual  reports,  1891  + 
Reports  of  expositions,  1857+ 
Monthly  bulletin,  March,  1897+ 
Catalog,  1867. 

7.  Publications  about:  [A.  M.  J.] 

1.  Name  :  San  Francisco  Free  Public  Library. 

2.  Founded:  1878.    Act  of  Legislature,  approved 

March  18,  1878. 
Act  of  Legislature,  approved  April  26,  1880. 

3.  Librarians:  Albert  Hart,  Mar. -Sept.,  1879. 

C.  H.  Robinson,  Dec.,  1879, -June,  1880. 
F:  B.  Perkins,  June,  1880, -Nov.,  1887. 
J:  V.  Cheney,  Nov.,  1887, -Nov.,  1894. 
G:  T.  Clark,  Dec.,  1894+ 

4.  Volumes:    85,000. 

5.  Income :  Derived  from  municipal  taxation. 

6.  Publications:  Annual  reports,  1879+ 

Borrower's  handbook,  various  eds. 
Monthly  bulletins,  Jan.,  1895  + 
Catalog,    no.  i,  1879  (done  by  electric  pen). 
"        no.  2,  1880,  Accessions    to   Nov., 

1880. 
"         no.  3,  1882,  Accessions    to   June, 

1882. 
"        no.  4,  1884,  Accessions    to    May, 

1884. 

"         no.  5,  1888,  Accessions  to  1888. 
"         no.  6,  1891,  English  prose  fiction. 
"         1896,    Finding    list    of    juvenile 

dept. 
"         1897,    English  prose  fiction. 

7.  Publications  about : 

Perkins,    F:    B.     Free   public   libraries,   es- 
pecially that  of  San  Francisco. 
Overland  Monthly,  n.  s.  6  1424. 

[G:  T.  C.] 


Note.  — My  thanks  are  due  to  Messrs.  Rowell,  Jellison, 
and  Clark  for  the  particulars  regarding  their  libraries. 


USE  OF  INK  IN  LIBRARIES. 

THE  Chap-Book  has  entered  protest  against 
library  restrictions  forbidding  the  use  of  ink. 
"  The  officials  of  most,  if  not  all,  the  libraries 
of  our  great  cities,"  it  says,  "  have  not  yet 
grown  out  of  the  habit  of  treating  the  people 
who  frequent  libraries  for  the  purpose  of  ref- 
erence and  research  as  so  many  babes  and 
sucklings.  In  particular  they  show  their  con- 
tempt for  them  by  forbidding  them  the  use  of 
ink.  The  exquisite  exasperation  of  making  ex- 
tensive notes  with  a  pencil  and  of  having  to 
copy  them  out  in  ink  when  you  get  home,  can 
only  be  appreciated  by  those  who  have  had  to 
undergo  the  humiliation.  Students  and  read- 
ers are,  for  the  most  part,  respectable  grown- 
up citizens,  long  familiar  with  the  use  of  ink  and 
capable  of  handling  it  without  ruining  books, 
chairs,  tables,  or  the  immaculate  floor.  In  none 
of  the  European  libraries,  so  far  as  we  know 
—  certainly  not  in  the  British  Museum,  the 
greatest  of  them  all  —  is  this  absurd  restriction 
in  force." 


744 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


THE   NEW   YORK    PUBLIC    LIBRARY 
BUILDING. 

THE  plans  submitted  in  competition  for  the 
New  York  Public  Library  building,  by  Carrere 
&  Hastings,  of  New  York,  were  accepted  by 
the  trustees  of  the  library  on  Nov.  10,  when 
the  report  of  the  jury  of  award  was  presented 
and  approved.  The  jury  consisted  of  three 
practising  architects,  selected  by  the  competi- 
tors—  Walter  Cook,  of  New  York,  Edgar  V. 
Seeler,  of  Philadelphia,  and  Cass  Gilbert,  of 
Minneapolis  ;  three  members  of  the  board  of 
trustees —Alexander  Maitland,  John  L.  Cad- 
wallader,  and  George  L.  Rives  ;  and  Dr.  J.  S. 
Billings,  the  director  of  the  library.  Of  the 
12  plans  submitted  in  the  second  and  final  com- 
petition three  were  chosen  by  the  jury,  and  one 
of  these  was  recommended  for  acceptance  as 
best  fulfilling  the  conditions  required;  the 
recommendation  of  the  jury  was  unanimously 
adopted  by  the  trustees.  The  final  step  in  the 
decision  was  taken  on  Dec.  I,  when  the  suc- 
cessful plans  were  submitted  by  the  trustees 
to  the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment, 
which  voted  unanimously  for  their  adoption 
and  also  accepted  the  contract  with  the  trus- 
tees, by  which  the  building  erected  in  accord- 
ance with  these  plans  in  Bryant  Park  is  to  be 
used  by  the  New  York  Public  Library  —  Astor, 
Lenox,  and  Tilden  Foundations. 

The  details  of  the  competitions  by  which  the 
plans  were  obtained  are  familiar  to  readers  of 
the  JOURNAL,  as  are  also  the  main  outlines  of 
the  building  itself,  as  described  in  the  prelimi- 
nary plans  (L.  j.,  June,  p.  296-301)  and  dis- 
cussed at  the  Philadelphia  conference  (L.  j., 
Oct. ,  p.  133  - 140).  As  will  be  seen  from  the  de- 
signs, reproduced  as  frontispiece  to  this  num- 
ber, the  architects  have  kept  closely  to  the  lines 
laid  down  by  the  library  authorities,  and  have 
planned  a  building  that  while  conforming  to 
aesthetic  requirements  does  not  sacrifice  library 
utility  to  architectural  display.  In  general 
character  the  building  is  classical,  the  style  be- 
ing Renaissance,  based  upon  classic  principles, 
but  modern  in  feeling,  for  the  architects'  pur- 
pose has  been  "to  express  the  spirit  of  our 
times,  following  and  carrying  out  the  historical 
continuity  of  style,  without  slavishly  following 
any  particular  period  or  without  endeavoring 
to  invent  a  new  style."  With  the  same  purpose, 
the  arrangement  of  the  interior  is  made  to  ex- 
press itself  frankly  on  the  exterior,  the  large 
pediments  showing  the  main  reading-rooms, 
the  attic  over  the  cornice  indicating  the  picture 
galleries,  the  12-foot  windows  denoting  the 
special  reading-rooms,  and  the  side  elevations 
being  left  simple  in  character  to  express  the 
business  purposes  to  which  this  part  of  the 
building  will  be  devoted. 

The  reservoir  site  in  Bryant  Park  on  which 
the  building  is  to  stand  is  about  482x455  feet 
in  diameter,  and  is  bounded  by  42d  street  on 
the  north,  4Oth  street  on  the  south,  Fifth  avenue 
on  the  east,  and  Bryant  Park  on  the  west.  The 
Fifth  avenue  front,  which  is  the  main  facade  of 
the  building,  does  not  extend  the  whole  length 
of  the  block,  but  will  be  bordered  at  each  end 


by  an  open  space  of  park,  in  which  the  sculpt- 
ured shafts  shown  in  the  design  will  probably 
be  replaced  by  low  fountains.  The  greatest 
projection  of  this  fa9ade  will  be  75  feet  back  of 
the  Fifth  avenue  building  line,  thus  giving  a 
wide  terraced  approach  to  the  main  entrance. 
This  entrance,  approached  by  wide  flights  of 
steps,  consists  of  three  great  arches,  each  35 
feet  high  and  15  feet  wide,  and  having  panels 
above  with  the  three  words  "  Lenox,"  "  Tilden," 
"Astor,"  and  opens  into  a  monumental  hallway, 
So  feet  long  and  40  feet  wide,  rising  through 
two  stories.  To  this  hallway  one  reading-room 
on  the  second  floor  has  been  sacrificed,  but  this 
is  about  the  only  feature  of  library  utility  elimi- 
nated from  the  original  suggestive  plans  by- 
architectural  considerations.  Around  all  four 
sides  of  this  hallway  are  arches  similar  to  those 
of  the  entrance  ;  on  the  west  side  only  are 
balconies,  overhanging  from  the  second  floor. 
Between  the  two  courts,  about  which  the  whole 
structure  centres,  is  the  main  exhibition  room, 
in  which  will  be  displayed  rare  bindings  and 
bibliograpical  treasures,  while  at  each  end  of 
the  hallway  are  12-foot  staircases,  ascending 
one  flight  to  the  main  hallway  on  the  second 
floor,  crossing  this  hallway  and  by  another 
flight  leading  to  the  entrance  to  the  great  read- 
ing-rooms on  the  third  floor. 

There  is  a  second  important  entrance  on  42d 
street,  raised  only  a  few  steps  above  the  side- 
walk and  entering  at  the  basement  level,  from 
which  a  large  vestibule  extends  through  the 
basement  and  first  story,  and  makes  a  direct 
approach  to  the  great  delivery-room,  which  oc- 
cupies the  right-hand  court  and  rises  from  the 
basement  through  the  first  story,  being  roofed 
with  glass  at  the  level  of  the  sills  of  the  first- 
story  windows.  This  room  is  85  feet  square, 
and  will  have  a  delivery-counter  at  least  60  feet 
long,  seats  for  150  borrowers,  2000  feet  of  shelv- 
ing, and  about  16,000  square  feet  of  bulletin 
boards.  The  location  of  the  delivery-room  in 
the  basement  is  a  modification  of  the  first  sug- 
gestive plans,  in  which  this  department  was 
placed  on  the  first  floor. 

A  third  entrance  is  on  4Oth  street,  intended 
for  the  use  of  the  library  force  and  commu- 
nicating directly  with  stairs  and  elevators. 
This  part  of  the  building  is  devoted  to  the  ad- 
ministrative work  of  the  library,  and  contains 
the  office  of  the  business  superintendent,  the 
receiving  and  checking  rooms,  the  cataloging, 
accession,  ordering,  printing,  and  binding 
rooms.  In  the  4Oth  street  corner  of  the  second 
floor  there  will  be  the  director's  office  and  a 
room  for  the  trustees.  There  will  also  be  a 
large  lecture-room. 

The  north  side  on  42d  street  will  be  de- 
voted mostly  to  special  reading-rooms,  and 
separate  rooms  for  maps,  public  documents, 
newspapers,  periodicals,  and  music.  The  top 
floor  on  this  side  will  be  used  for  the  Stewart 
collection,  which  must  be  kept  in  one  room,  and 
for  other  picture  galleries  and  special  exhibi- 
tions. 

The  stack-room  at  the  rear  of  the  building 
will  contain  seven  tiers  of  stacks,  with  a  book 
capacity  of  about  2,000,000  v.,  over  which,  on 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


745 


the  top  floor,  is  the  great  T-shaped  reading- 
room,  with  accommodations  for  800  readers, 
without  columns  or  partitions,  and  with  3500 
linear  feet  of  shelving  for  50,000  reference- 
books.  Direct  communication  is  effected  be- 
tween the  stacks  and  the  reading-rooms,  and 
the  stacks  and  the  delivery-room,  so  that  a 
minimum  of  time  will  be  consumed  in  the 
issue  of  books. 

The  children's  rooms  (80  readers),  periodi- 
cal reading-rooms,  and  the  library  for  the  blind 
(20  readers),  have  been  arranged  for  on  the 
first  floor;  the  heavier  machinery  —  as  delivery 
station  and  branch  outfitting  rooms  —  is  in  the 
basement;  and  the  general  grouping  of  de- 
partments shows  how  thoroughly  the  relations 
and  requirements  of  the  different  divisions  of 
the  library's  work  have  been  recognized  and 
provided  for;  while  the  array  of  rooms,  rang- 
ing from  Bible-room,  photographic-room,  map- 
room,  music-room,  and  public  lecture  rooms  to 
employes'  lunch-rooms,  bicycle  storage  rooms, 
and  public  telephone  room,  demonstrate  strong- 
ly how  varied  are  the  activities  of  the  great 
public  library  of  to-day. 

A  comparison  of  the  accepted  plans  with  the 
suggestive  sketches  prepared  by  the  library 
authorities  (L.  j.,  June,  p.  299),  is  interesting. 
The  central  conception  of  two  square  courts, 
about  which,  on  three  sides,  shall  be  grouped 
the  various  departments,  while  the  great  stack 
occupies  the  rear,  has  been  adhered  to  in  its 
entirety,  and  solves  the  question  of  future 
extension.  In  the  basement  the  extension  of 
the  stack-room,  beyond  the  space  at  first  as- 
signed to  it,  the  installation  of  the  deliv- 
ery-room and  the  42d  street  entrance,  and  a 
minor  rearrangement  of  some  of  the  depart- 
ments, are  the  modifications  of  the  original 
suggestions;  on  the  first  floor  the  chief  changes 
include  the  monumental  hallway,  with  its  bal- 
cony, the  exhibition-room,  the  blind  depart- 
ment, and  a  shifting  of  the  newspaper-room; 
while  the  alterations  on  the  second  and  third 
floors  consist  almost  wholly  in  a  shifting  of  de- 
partments. Such  a  comparison  of  the  two  sets 
of  plans  as  is  here  indicated  will  repay  careful 
study,  and  will  demonstrate  how  admirably 
the  work  of  the  library  authorities  has  been 
done. 

The  total  authorized  appropriation  for  the 
building  is  $2,500,000,  from  which  the  cost  of 
the  removal  of  the  reservoir  must  be  defrayed. 
The  specifications  provided  that  the  cost  of  the 
building  proper  should  not  exceed  $1,700,000, 
but  it  is  possible  that  this  limit  may  be  raised. 
White  marble  or  Indiana  limestone  will  be  the 
material  used  in  its  construction,  the  decision 
being  largely  a  matter  of  cost.  The  removal 
of  the  abandoned  reservoir  from  the  library 
site  was  authorized  by  the  Commissioner  of 
Public  Works  on  Nov.  29.  A  meeting  of  the 
board  of  trustees  was  held  on  Dec.  8,  when  the 
action  of  the  city  authorities  in  regard  to  the 
new  building  was  reported  to  the  board.  The 
contract  made  with  the  city  was  approved  and 
its  execution  ordered,  and  consulting  engineers 
were  appointed  for  the  different  departments  of 
the  building. 


LIBRARY   STATISTICS   OF   GREATER 
NEW  YORK. 

THE  following  table  gives  the  circulation  of 
the  chief  free  libraries  in  Greater  New  York, 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1897,  as  reported 
by  W.  R.  Eastman,  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York: 

NEW   YORK   AND   BRONX. 

N.  Y.  Free  Circulating  Library 841,440 

Aguilar  Free  Library 436,869 

General  Society  of  Mechanics  and 

Tradesmen 243,738 

Maimonides  Free  Library  104,776 

Cathedral  Free  Circulating  Library  ....  94,167 

Y.  W.  C.  A.  Library 58,606 

St.  Agnes'  Free  Library 53,680 

University  Settlement  Free  Library 42,771 

Webster  Free  Library 41.847 

Washington  Heights  Free  Library 41,737 

College  Settlement  Free  Library 17,000 

Riverside  Free  Library  (10  months) 15,848 

De  Witt  Memorial  Free  Library 12,460 

Olivet  Church  Library  . 4.53Q 

Broome  Street  Free  Library 986 

N.  Y.  Free  Circulating  Library  for  the 

Blind  (four  months) 86 

2,010,541 

BROOKLYN. 

Pratt  Institute  Free  Library 314,290 

Union   for   Christian   Work    Lending 

Library 198,732 

Bay  Ridge  Free  Library 12,649 

Fort  Hamilton  Free  Library 12,289 

Bath  Beach,  New  Utrecht  Free  Library.  10,392 

548,352 

BOROUGH   OF   QUEENS. 

Flushing  Library  Association 19,890 

Long  Island  City  Public  Library 19,332 

Jamaica  Union  School  Library 1,714 

College    Point,  Conrad    Poppenhusen 

Assoc.  Library ' 610 

Newtown  Union  School  Library 504 

42,050 

RICHMOND   COUNTY   (STATEN   ISLAND). 

Tottenville  Union  School  Library 2,100 

New  Brighton  School  District  No.  2. ...     1,310 

3,410 

SUMMARY. 

New  York  and  Bronx 2,010,541 

Brooklyn 548,352 

Queens 42,050 

Richmond 3,410 

2,604,353 

One  of  the  most  interesting  showings  is  made 
by  a  library  not  in  the  list  —  the  Harlem  Li- 
brary, 32  W.  I23d  street,  New  York,  which 
has  been  for  some  years  a  subscription  library. 
It  was  not  opened  free  to  the  public  until  Sept. 
i,  1897,  and  is  therefore  not  included  in  the 
statistics  given.  In  the  two  and  a  half  months 
following  it  had  a  circulation  of  nearly  25,000  v. 
The  contrast,  in  New  York  City,  in  the  pro- 


746 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


portion  of  the  circulation  to  the  circulating 
supply  of  books  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  the 
latter  consists  of  but  398,089  v.  It  is  interest- 
ing to  compare  the  issue  of  books  from  some  of 
the  libraries  with  the  supply.  For  instance  the 
N.  Y.  Free  Circulating  Library,  with  111,433  v., 
issued  these  nearly  850,000  times,  the  Aguilar 
circulated  over  400,000  from  a  stock  of  42,704, 
the  University  Settlement  issued  its  3705  v. 
42,771  times,  while  the  most  astonishing  record 
is  that  of  St.  Agnes'  Library,  which  with  3736  v. 
shows  a  circulation  of  53,680. 

The  library  appropriations  for  1898  made  by 
the  New  York  Board  of  Estimate  and  Appor- 
tionment proved  a  remarkable  contrast  to  those 
of  the  previous  year,  and  set  an  unprecedented 
example.  Each  library  was  awarded  the  full 
grant  allowed  by  law,  and  the  work  done  by 
the  libraries  during  the  year  was  thus  given 
immediate  and  substantial  recognition.  The 
New  York  Free  Circulating  Library  was  award- 
ed $82,000,  in  lieu  of  the  $50,000  appropriated 
last  year;  the  Aguilar  Free  Library  received 
$41,500,  instead  of  $14,000  as  previously;  the 
Y.  W.  C.  A.  received  $5300;  St.  Agnes'  Library, 
which  last  year  was  granted  $200  received 
$5000;  the  University  Settlement  Library  was 
awarded  $4000,  and  the  Webster  Free  Library 
$3800.  The  total  appropriation  was  $166,200 
as  against  $97,000  the  year  before. 

THE  NEW  COLUMBIA. 

THE  removal  of  Columbia  University  to  its 
new  site,  between  u6th  and  I2oth  streets  at 
Morningside  Heights,  marks  an  important  era 
in  the  history  of  the  institution.  Although  work 
upon  the  new  buildings  was  much  delayed  by 
the  labor  strike  in  the  spring,  which  was  settled 
largely  through  the  efforts  of  President  Seth  Low 
as  arbitrator,  preparations  for  the  removal  of 
the  several  departments  of  the  university  were 
actively  entered  upon  as  soon  as  the  last  college 
year  had  closed.  The  work  went  steadily  on 
during  the  summer,  officers  and  professors  cut- 
ting short  their  vacations  and  giving  themselves 
zealously  to  the  arduous  work  before  them  ;  a 
task  which  seemed  and  in  fact  was  a  herculean 
one  —  to  transfer  all  the  outfit  of  a  great  educa- 
tional institution  and  re-establish  it  in  working 
order  in  its  magnificent  new  and  commodious 
quarters.  It  was  announced  that  the  work  of 
the  new  year  would  begin  at  the  new  site 
promptly  on  the  date  named  in  the  calendar  ; 
and  Columbia  was  ready  as  she  had  promised. 
On  the  morning  of  Monday,  Oct.  4,  1897,  at 
9.30  o'clock,  a  simple  religious  service  was  held 
in  the  great  reading-room  of  the  new  library, 
which  was  filled  to  overflowing  with  students, 
officers,  and  members  of  the  board  of  trustees. 
President  Low  made  a  brief  address,  in  which 
he  sketched  the  growth  and  progress  of  the 
institution  from  college  to  university,  and  with 
deep  feeling  cordially  welcomed  the  students 
and  officers  of  Columbia  to  her  new  home. 

"  This  is  simply  a  homecoming  for  us  all," 
said  he.  "  Every  year  I  have  had  the  pleasure 
of  welcoming  you  back  to  your  work  after  a 
summer  of  rest  and  refreshment.  But  this  year 


it  is  my  unspeakable  happiness  to  say  to  the 
men  of  Columbia,  '  Welcome  home.'  At  4gth 
street  we  have  always  had  the  sense  of  being 
pilgrims  and  of  having  there  no  continuing  city. 
But  to-day  we  have  come  home.  Here  may 
grow  up,  as  we  trust,  for  generation  after  gen- 
eration, those  traditions  that  only  the  years  can 
bring.  The  same  life  will  inhabit  these  new 
buildings  that  began  its  career  of  usefulness 
and  of  instruction  on  the  old  site  near  the  city 
hall  almost  a  century  and  a  half  ago  ;  yet  for  a 
generation  men  of  Columbia  have  not  seen  their 
Alma  Mater  embodied  in  buildings  and  grounds 
of  a  character  to  bring  to  them  a  sense  of  her 
unchanging  identity,  and  to  give  to  them  a 
home  feeling  when  they  enter  her  doors.  To- 
day that  element  of  permanency  has  been 
secured,  and  we  may  plan  our  work  here  as  a 
something  that  is  to  go  on,  as  we  trust,  for  dec- 
ade after  decade,  so  long  as  the  city  shall  last." 
Fitting  words  truly  and  well  spoken,  since  he 
who  uttered  them  had  made  possible  the  grand 
temple  of  learning  beneath  whose  lofty  dome 
they  were  assembled,  and  which  could  have  had 
no  better  consecration  than  the  plain  chapel 
service  of  that  glad  morning.  The  university 
was  thus  opened  and  regular  work  was  at  once 
begun,  of  course  under  some  limitations  and 
restrictions,  as  workmen  were  still  engaged  in 
putting  the  finishing  touches  upon  the  build- 
ings. 

The  first  vanload  of  books  was  sent  from 
49th  street  on  the  morning  of  Aug.  23.  The 
books  were  packed  in  cases  as  they  were  taken 
from  the  shelves,  and  each  case  was  marked 
with  the  shelf-numbers  of  the  books  contained 
in  it,  and  also  with  the  number  of  the  room  in 
the  new  library  to  which  that  class  of  books 
was  assigned.  The  cases  were  of  uniform  size, 
made  to  hold  from  150  to  200  volumes,  and 
with  open  tops.  Each  case  had  two  iron  bands 
around  the  bottom,  coming  nearly  to  the  top, 
with  the  ends  projecting  slightly  from  the  sides 
and  having  holes  into  which  corresponding 
hooks  on  long  handles  could  be  inserted,  thus 
enabling  two  men  to  transfer  each  case  wher- 
ever wanted  with  ease  and  despatch.  A  corps 
of  workers  in  the  new  library  unpacked  and 
placed  the  books  in  their  proper  order  on  the 
shelves  as  fast  as  received.  The  work  of  mov- 
ing the  books  was  not  rushed;  on  the  contrary 
it  was  delayed  by  the  necessity  of  transferring 
and  putting  in  place  shelving  for  125,000  vol- 
umes in  the  stack-rooms  beneath  the  main 
reading-room  of  the  new  library  and  the  read- 
ing-room of  the  Law  Library.  The  Law  Li- 
brary was  moved,  arranged,  and  ready  for  use 
on  the  opening  of  the  university. 

The  regular  work  of  the  library  staff  went  on 
at  the  old  site  up  to  the  last  moment.  During 
the  summer  more  than  100,000  serials  and 
pamphlets  were  assorted  and  arranged,  and 
several  thousand  were  bound  singly  and  in 
volumes.  A  careful  and  complete  inventory  of 
the  whole  library  was  also  made  by  reading  the 
shelves  by  the  shelf  lists.  The  work  of  removal 
was  accomplished  without  confusion,  and  on 
Oct.  12  the  library  was  opened  for  the  delivery 
of  books  in  its  new  home. 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


747 


The  main  reading-room,  92.5  ft.  in  diameter, 
and  rising  106  feet  to  the  centre  of  the  dome, 
is  splendidly  lighted  by  four  huge  clerestory 
windows.  Bookcases  around  the  sides  be- 
tween the  granite  columns,  in  the  corners  and 
in  the  centre,  will  hold  12,000  vols.  A 
stack-room  beneath  and  directly  accessible 
will  contain  150,000  vols.  In  the  second 
story  of  the  east  and  west  wings  are  long 
rooms  supplied  with  the  improved  Fenton  steel 
stacks  in  the  inner  portion,  while  the  outer 
space  can  be  divided  by  large  sliding-doors  into 
nine  special  study  rooms  in  each  wing.  These 
stacks  have  a  capacity  for  100,000  vols.  each. 
The  north  wing  contains  the  Law  Library  with 
a  reading-room  rising  through  the  two  stories, 
and  a  stack-room  below  with  a  capacity  for 
28,000  vols.  The  reading-room  and  the  profes- 
sor's office  have  6000  vols.  on  the  shelves.  The 
first  story  of  the  east  wing  is  given  up  to  the 
Avery  Architectural  Library  and  is  an  ideal 
library  room,  finished  in  quartered  oak,  with 
every  convenience  for  the  use  of  that  fine  col- 
lection of  books. 

The  galleries  beneath  the  clerestory  windows 
are  also  shelved  and  will  hold  about  16,000 
vols.  The  classical  special  study  rooms,  ad- 
joining the  Avery  reading-room  on  the  north, 
will  shelve  30,000  vols.  The  present  shelving 
will  accommodate  about  450,000  vols.,  but  as 
the  growth  of  the  university  in  new  buildings 
relieves  the  necessity  for  using  parts  of  the 
library  building  for  other  than  library  purposes, 
room  for  600,000  vols.  additional  will  be  re- 
leased with  an  increase  of  special  study  rooms 
as  well. 

The  faculty  of  political  science  is  now  located 
on  the  top  floor  of  the  west  wing  of  the  build- 
ing, and  the  faculty  of  philosophy  in  the  east 
wing.  The  law  lecture  rooms  are  on  the  third 
floor  of  the  north  wing.  The  delivery-room  is 
in  the  west  wing  just  across  the  corridor  from 
the  main  reading-room;  adjoining  are  the  peri- 
odical room  and  the  library  administration 
rooms.  The  dictionary  card  catalog  of  nearly 
450,000  cards  has  been  rearranged  in  864  single 
drawers  in  the  delivery-room,  and  is  thus  made 
accessible  to  a  larger  number  of  users.  The 
librarian  has  a  handsome  and  roomy  office  in 
the  south  end  of  the  west  wing. 

At  the  right  of  the  vestibule  is  the  trustees' 
room,  the  walls  of  which  are  panelled  in  old 
English  oak  with  a  richly  carved  cornice;  above 
this  is  the  president's  office,  which  is  connected 
by  a  gallery  across  the  vestibule  with  the  office 
of  his  secretary  ;  below  the  office  of  the  latter 
and  on  the  left  of  the  main  entrance  is  the 
office  of  the  assistant  secretary. 

The  upper  part  of  the  main  reading-room  is 
to  be  lighted  in  the  evening  on  a  novel  plan.  A 
wooden  sphere  seven  feet  in  diameter  and  of  a 
dull  white  color  is  suspended  from  the  centre  of 
the  dome  ;  from  this  will  be  reflected  the  light 
of  eight  powerful  electric  lights,  hidden  from 
view  in  the  upper  corners  of  the  galleries, 
directed  upon  the  sphere  through  lenses.  The 
sphere  will  thus  be  illumined  like  an  artificial 
moon,  while  the  source  of  the  light  will  not  be 
apparent  to  the  observer.  C:  ALEX.  NELSON. 


THE    SUPERINTENDENT   OF    PUBLIC 
DOCUMENTS. 

F.  A.  CRANUALL,  Superintendent  of  Public 
Documents,  was  on  Nov.  17  reduced  by  the 
Public  Printer  to  the  position  of  Librarian  of  the 
Document  Office.  Louis  C.  Ferrell,  formerly 
secretary  to  Senator  Cullom,  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  department.  Mr.  Crandall  was 
appointed  to  the  office  in  March,  1895,  and  dur- 
ing his  incumbency  has  developed  or  initiated 
improvements  that  have  won  the  grateful  rec- 
ognition of  librarians  throughout  the  country. 
His  deposition  is  regarded  as  a  serious  loss  to 
government  and  library  interests,  and  there  has 
been  prompt  and  general  protest  from  libra- 
rians. The  following  memorial  was  signed  by 
the  depository  libraries  of  New  York  and  Brook- 
lyn, and  brought  to  the  direct  attention  of  the 
President  and  others  interested  : 

"THE  UNDERSIGNED,  librarians  of  libraries  which 
are  public  depositories  of  United  States  documents,  or 
persons  otherwise  interested  in  the  collection,  preserva- 
tion, and  use  of  government  documents  at  library  centres 
where  they  may  be  accessible  to  the  public,  being  con- 
versant with  the  work  of  the  Office  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Documents,  created  under  the  act  of  Jan.  12, 
1895,05  administered  by  Superintendent  F.  A.  Crandall, 
unite  in  expressing  their  appreciation  of  the  excellent 
work  accomplished  through  that  department,  as  organized 
by  him,  its  first  superintendent,  and  their  desire  that  the 
efficiency  of  the  bureau  should  be  maintained  by  his  re- 
tention in  its  executive  management. 

"  They  respectfully  submit  that  the  wealth  of  informa- 
tion concealed  hitherto  in  government  publications,  on 
which  millions  of  dollars  are  expended  annually,  has 
never  before  been  made  so  accessible  to  all  who  have 
reason  to  seek  such  information  as  under  the  systematic 
methods  of  handling,  distributing,  cataloging,  and  index- 
ing, which  Mr.  Crandall  has  adopted  or  initiated,  and 
while  they  recognize  that  such  a  bureau  cannot  be  main- 
tained without  direct  and  considerable  expense  they  sug- 
gest that  the  economy  in  the  production  and  utilization  of 
government  publications  brought  about  by  the  methods 
adopted  by  Mr.  Crandall  and  likely  to  be  brought  about 
still  more  in  the  future  by  the  development  of  those 
methods,  will  save  to  the  government  sums  greatly  in 
excess  of  this  direct  expenditure,  while  making  govern- 
ment issues  of  use  many  times  beyond  the  people  they 
have  hitherto  reached. 

"  They  also  unite  in  suggesting  that  this  Office,  dealing 
with  the  preservation  and  distribution  of  books,  should 
find  its  proper  relations  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  rather 
than  in  the  Government  Printing  Office,  especially  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  new  accommodations  of  the 
national  library  now  give  ample  room  for  the  massing 
and  handling  of  government  documents. 

"Signed  :  JOHN  S.  BILLINGS,  Director,  New  York  Pub- 
lic Library — Astor,  Lenox,  and  Tilden 
Foundations. 

R.  R.  BOWKER,  Editor,  LIBRARY  JOURNAL, 
Chairman  of  Public  Documents  Commit- 
tee, Am.  Lib'y  Ass'n. 
ARTHUR  E.  BOSTWICK,  Chief  Librarian,  New 

York  Free  Circulating  Library. 
SILAS  H.  BERRY,  Librarian,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 

New  York. 

GEO.  H.  BAKER,  Librarian,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity Library. 

W.  T.  PEOPLES,  Librarian,  Mercantile  Li- 
brary, New  York. 
L.  C.  L.  JORDAN,  As»t.  Sec'y,  Cooper  Union, 

New  York. 
CHAS.  G.  HUBERMANN,  Librarian,  College  of 

the  City  of  New  York. 
WALTER  T.  STEPHENSON,  Librarian,  Reform 

Club.  New  York. 
MARY  w.  PLUMMER,  Director,  Pratt  Institute 

Library.  Brooklyn. 
IRENE  A.  HACKETT,  Librarian,  Y.  M.  C.  A., 

Brooklyn. 

WILLIS  A.  BARDWELL.  Librarian,  Brooklyn 
Library,  Brooklyn/' 


748 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


DETERIORATION  OF  PAPER. 

THE  council  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  London, 
has  appointed  a  committee  to  investigate  the 
causes  of  the  deterioration  of  paper.  For  the 
purpose  of  obtaining  information  the  committee 
has  sent  out  the  following  circular  letter,  which 
was  also  published  in  the  society's  Journal  of 
Sept.  3 : 

"  It  has  been  brought  to  the  notice  of  the 
council  of  the  Society  of  Arts  that  many  books 
of  an  important  character  are  now  printed  on 
paper  of  a  very  perishable  nature,  so  that  there 
is  considerable  risk  of  the  deterioration  and 
even  destruction  of  such  books  within  a  limited 
space  of  time.  This  is  believed  to  be  especially 
true  of  books  which  are  in  constant  use  for 
purposes  of  reference,  and  are  therefore  liable 
to  much  handling. 

"Although  a  great  deal  of  investigation  has 
been  made  into  the  subject  in  Germany,  the 
matter  appears  to  have  attracted  but  little  at- 
tention in  this  country.  The  council,  there- 
fore, readily  acceded  to  a  proposal  made  to 
them,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  inquire 
into  and  report  upon  the  whole  subject. 

"This  committee  would  feel  very  much  in- 
debted to  you  if  you  would  tell  them  whether 
you  have  noticed  any  instances  of  books,  pub- 
lished within  the  last  30  years,  which  already 
show  signs  of  perishing,  especially  in  the  case 
of  books  which  have  been  much  used. 

"  They  will  also  feel  much  obliged  if  you  will 
favor  them  with  any  other  information  which 
you  think  might  assist  the  committee,  or  with 
any  suggestions  which  your  experience  might 
lead  you  to  make. 

"  HENRY  TRI/EMAN  WOOD,  Secretary" 


THE  MENASHA  (WIS.)  PUBLIC  LIBRARY. 

ON  Nov.  21,  1895,  at  the  request  of  Miss 
Lucy  Lee  Pleasants,  a  number  of  the  leading 
citizens  of  Mena.sha  (Wis.)  assembled  in  the 
parlors  of  the  principal  hotel  to  declare  their 
willingness  to  promote  the  establishment  of  a 
free  public  library.  Here  the  scheme  would 
probably  have  perished  in  its  infancy  if  Mr. 
E.  D.  Smith,  a  prominent  manufacturer,  had 
not  offered  to  head  a  subscription  list  with 
$500  if  fiooo  could  be  raised  from  other 
sources.  Several  men  and  women  agreed  to  so- 
licit the  money  and  so  Uie  enterprise  was 
launched. 

Some  dark  days  of  discouragement  succeeded 
this  first  outburst  of  enthusiasm.  Mr.  Hutchins, 
of  the  state  library  commission,  visited  the 
community  with  words  of  counsel  and  encour- 
agement ;  but  it  seemed  a  far  cry  to  a  thousand 
dollars  and  the  spirits  of  the  projectors  had  sunk 
to  a  low  ebb  indeed,  when  an  old  citizen  came 
forward  and  said  that  two  of  his  daughters  had 
married  men  who  could  not  read,  and  that  be- 
cause he  wanted  to  help  the  cause  in  some  way 
he  would  like  to  make  the  shelves  for  the  future 
public  library. 

After  this  things  seemed  to  get  brighter,  the 
subscription  list  began  to  grow  "  like  a  garden 


full  of  snow,"  as  the  nursery  rhyme  has  it,  and 
a  request  was  soon  sent  off  to  the  officers  of  the 
library  commission  for  a  list  of  wholesome, 
popular  books.  A  firm  of  lumber  dealers  gave 
the  shelving,  a  small  boy  who  had  learned  to 
print  made  the  borrowers'  cards,  a  poor  woman 
scrubbed  the  floor  as  her  offering,  and  as 
many  ladies  as  the  two  little  rooms  could  hold 
came  to  paste  in  the  book-pockets  and  to  cut  the 
leaves.  The  library  commission  sent  an  ex- 
perienced cataloger  to  put  things  to  rights,  as 
its  donation,  and  the  library  was  then  opened  to 
the  public,  with  Miss  Pleasants  in  charge. 

Each  succeeding  day  found  the  two  small 
rooms  crowded  with  patrons.  German  books 
were  purchased  for  the  older  German  folk  and 
a  list  of  Polish  books  was  made  out  by  the 
Polish  priest  for  the  aged  ones  of  his  little 
flock.  Knowledge  of  the  existence  of  the  li- 
brary spread  among  the  poor  like  fire  in  dry- 
grass.  Women  came  in  twos  and  threes,  with 
woollen  mufflers  over  their  heads  ;  men,  grimy 
with  work,  scarcely  waited  to  take  their  black 
pipes  out  of  their  mouths  before  they  stumbled 
up  the  library  stairs  ;  while  children,  when  the 
supply  of  young  folks'  literature  was  tempo- 
rarily exhausted,  hung  about  the  doors  all  Sat- 
urday afternoons,  in  the  hope  of  getting  a  book 
that  some  one  else  came  to  return. 

When  the  people  were  asked  to  support  the 
library  with  a  tax  the  measure  was  carried  by 
a  rousing  majority,  despite  the  hard  times. 
Then  Mr.  E.  D.  Smith,  who  had  only  been  wait- 
ing to  see  the  library  put  on  a  firm  basis,  car- 
ried out  his  long-cherished  project,  and  gave 
the  city  $25,000  for  a  library  building  and  en- 
dowment fund. 

It  is  the  intention  of  Mr.  Smith,  the  donor, 
Miss  Pleasants,  the  librarian,  and  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  library  to  make  this  library,  at 
the  suggestion  of  the  library  commission,  the 
centre  of  educational  activity  for  the  city  and 
county.  The  second  floor  of  the  library  will 
contain  an  auditorium,  seating  600,  which  may 
be  divided,  when  necessary,  into  smaller  rooms 
or  study  clubs,  etc.  Here  series  of  popular  lect- 
ures will  be  given.  It  is  also  the  intention 
of  the  board  of  directors  to  take  advantage  of 
the  new  library  law,  which  enables  a  library 
board  to  make  contracts  with  the  boards  of 
supervisors  of  neighboring  townships,  at  a 
nominal  sum,  by  which  books  may  be  loaned  to 
the  farmers  and  other  residents  in  the  surround- 
ing towns.  With  the  completion  of  the  new 
building  Mr.  Smith  will  also  establish  a  system 
of  travelling  libraries  in  the  district,  with  the 
Menasha  library  as  its  centre. 

The  new  library  building,  as  shown  in  the 
accompanying  cuts,  will  be  40x70  ft.,  two 
stories  high,  with  a  30x30  one-story  book-room. 
The  cost  will  be  about  $15,000.  The  first  story 
will  contain  the  book-room,  directors'  room, 
toilet-rooms,  general  reading-room,  with  al- 
coves for  newspapers,  magazines,  and  chil- 
dren's tables;  all  of  the  alcoves,  book-room,  and 
vestibule  being  under  observation  from  the  li- 
brarian's desk,  and  making  it  possible  to  carry- 
on  the  work  of  the  library  with  one  attendant. 


ELISHA   D.    SMITH   LIBRARY,   MENASHA,    WIS. 


GROUND   PLAN,   ELISHA   D.   SMITH   LIBRARY,   MENASHA,    WIS. 


75° 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


In  the  basement  will  be  placed  the  heating 
plant,  bicycle-room,  and  toilet-rooms.  The  ap- 
proach to  the  building  is  by  means  of  wide 
stone  steps  leading  up  to  an  arcade  of  three 
arches  in  the  centre  of  the  building.  An  Ionic 
colonnade  of  seven  bays  has  been  used  in  the 
second  story.  The  entire  exterior  will  be  of 
buff  Bedford  limestone  and  the  roof  of  tile. 

The  structure  will  occupy  a  corner  lot  over- 
looking the  river,  and  is  in  a  location  so  central 
that  it  is  hoped  that  many  people  will  be  be- 
guiled from  the  bustling  traffic  of  the  highway 
into  the  pleasant  bypaths  of  learning. 

L.  E.  S. 


TRAVELLING  LIBRARIES  IN  DUNN  CO., 
WISCONSIN. 

ONE  of  the  most  inspiring  of  library  meet- 
ings yet  held  in  Wisconsin,  and  one  which 
gave  the  greatest  promise  of  future  good,  was 
held  in  Menomonie,  Wis.,  Nov.  6.  This  meet- 
ing was  the  third  institute  of  the  librarians  of 
the  Stout  Free  Travelling  Libraries,  and  was 
held  in  the  beautiful  club-rooms  of  the  Menom- 
onie Library.  The  design  of  the  meeting  was 
to  bring  together  the  people  who  have  charge 
of  the  travelling  libraries  in  each  district,  for 
the  purpose  of  increasing  their  interest  and  en- 
couraging their  work. 

These  amateur  librarians  are  farmers  and 
fanners'  wives,  village  postmasters  and  country 
school-teachers  who  assume  the  responsibility, 
and  take  charge  of  the  circulation  of  the  travel- 
ling library.  Their  library  services  are  gratu- 
itous, and  necessarily  subordinate  to  other 
duties,  so  that  one  could  scarcely  have  expected 
many  of  them  to  be  present  at  such  a  meeting 
and  to  devote  a  whole  day  to  the  consideration 
of  library  and  educational  work.  But  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  their  labor  is  gratuitous,  per- 
haps because  of  it,  they  have  not  escaped  the 
enthusiasm  which  library  work  ought  to  inspire 
—  an  enthusiasm  which,  in  this  case,  brought 
them  in  over  rough  roads  from  a  distance  of 
from  10  to  40  miles.  There  were  50  or  60  people 
present,  representing  at  least  20  different  com- 
munities of  the  county,  and  it  meant  sincere 
appreciation  of  their  opportunity  and  an  eager 
desire  to  make  the  most  of  it,  that  this  class  of 
people  could  have  been  brought  together  for 
such  a  purpose  from  such  a  distance. 

Miss  Stearns  and  Mr.  Hutchins,  of  the  Wis- 
consin Free  Library  Commission,  were  in  charge 
of  the  meeting,  and  in  their  own  inimitable 
way  made  the  people  feel  the  importance  of 
the  work  they  were  doing,  gave  them  sugges- 
tions for  making  the  books  still  more  helpful, 
and  told  them  how  to  form  study  clubs  and 
home  circles. 

All  of  the  speeches  during  the  day  were  on 
practical  topics,  on  work  that  had  been  or  was 
going  to  be  accomplished. 

A  paper  on  "  Travelling  pictures"  was  very 
interesting,  and  was  made  even  more  so  by  the 
fact  that  Senator  Stout  had  purchased  800 
beautiful  pictures,  original  photographs  of  mas- 
terpieces, and  intends  circulating  them  through- 


out the  county  on  the  travelling  library  plan. 
All  of  these  pictures  have  been  framed  and 
will  be  hung  in  the  school-rooms,  and  in  addi- 
tion each  school-house  will  have,  as  a  perma- 
nent loan,  a  fine  large  picture  of  Lincoln. 

Senator  Stout  has  put  into  circulation  about 
35  travelling  libraries,  and  it  was  reported  that 
the  circulation  of  15  of  them  had  reached  5588 
v.  during  the  past  year,  and  this  among  fami- 
lies who  live  from  a  half  mile  to  a  mile  apart. 
Figures,  perhaps,  do  not  express  the  value  of 
a  cause,  but  these  figures,  together  with  the 
true  altruistic  zeal  displayed  at  that  meeting, 
do  prove  beyond  doubt  the  value  of  Senator 
Stout's  benevolence.  No  librarian  ever  doubted 
it,  but  legislators  sometimes  have. 

Wisconsin  has  already  earned  a  national  repu- 
tation in  library  work,  but  no  one  can  appreciate 
the  real  pioneer  work  which  is  being  done  there 
until  they  see  it  face  to  face. 

GRATIA  COUNTRYMAN. 


A  GIFT  TO  THE   PHILADELPHIA   FREE 
LIBRARY. 

AT  a  dinner  given  on  the  evening  of  Nov. 
24  by  P.  A.  B.  Widener  to  about  20  intimate, 
personal  and  business  associates,  all  men  of 
prominence  in  Philadelphia,  the  formal  an- 
nouncement was  made  by  Dr.  William  Pepper 
of  Mr.  Widener's  intention  to  present  to  the 
Free  Library  of  Philadelphia  his  handsome 
residence  on  Broad  street  and  Girard  avenue. 
The  building  is  to  held  in  trust  forever  by  the 
city  as  an  intregal  part  of  the  free  library 
system,  and  is  to  be  known  as  the  Josephine 
Widener  Memorial  Branch,  in  memory  of  the 
dead  wife  of  the  giver.  Dr.  Pepper  said  that 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Widener,  before  the  latter's  death, 
had  carefully  considered  the  matter  of  giving 
aid  to  various  institutions,  and  it  had  been  re- 
solved that  the  greatest  good  to  the  community 
would  be  done  by  the  development  of  a  system 
to  include  a  free  art  gallery,  free  museum  of 
science  and  art,  and  a  free  library.  In  further- 
ance of  those  ideas  Mr.  Widener  intended  to  be- 
queath to  the  city  his  splendid  art  collection  on 
condition  that  a  suitable  fire-proof  art  gallery 
shall  be  constructed  in  a  central  location  in  the 
city,  and  that  it  shall  at  all  times  be  free  to  the 
public.  Regarding  a  free  museum,  Dr.  Pepper 
said  that  four  contributions  of  $30,000  each 
have  been  made  toward  the  construction  of  a 
museum  building  by  Mr.  Widener,  W.  L.  El- 
kins,  Edwin  H.  Fitler,  and  Daniel  Baugh.  This 
building  will  be  erected  on  a  tract  of  land  in 
West  Philadelphia,  given  by  the  city  in  trust  to 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  creation 
of  a  park  and  free  museum  of  science  and  art. 

The  value  of  the  house  thus  given  by  Mr. 
Widener  is  estimated  at  $600,000,  and  in  addi- 
tion the  giver  intends  to  equip  the  art  gallery 
of  the  residence  with  a  collection  of  American 
paintings  costing  $400,000,  thus  bringing  his 
total  gift  up  to  $1,000,000.  This  magnificent 
gift  is  said  to  be  the  first  result  of  the  passage 
of  the  loan  bill,  by  which  $1,000,000  is  to  be 
appropriated  for  a  central  library  building. 


INDEX. 


LIBRARY  JOURNAL,   v.    22.      JAN. -DEC.,    1897. 

The  colon  after  an  initial  of  a  given  name  means  that  is  the  most  common  name  beginning  with  that  initial,  e.g.> 
A:  means  Augustus;  B:  Benjamin  ;  C:  Charles;  D:  David  ;  E:  Edward  ;  F:  Frederick  ;  G:  George  ;  H:  Henry  ; 
I:  Isaac;  J:  John  ;  K:  Karl ;  L:  Louis;  M:Mark;  N:  Nicholas;  O:Otto;  P:  Peter;  R:  Richard  ;  S:  Samuel ;  T: 
Thomas  ;  V:  Victor  ;  W:  William. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Abbot,  Etheldred,  cataloger  N.  Y.  P. 
L..  447- 

Abbott,  G:  M .,  Ci8g. 

Aberdeen  (Scotl.)  P.  L.,  i2th  rpt.,  161. 

Abrahams,  I.,  Jewish  life  in  the  Mid- 
dle Ages,  327. 

Access  to  shelves,  at  Lithgow  L.,  44; 
at  New  Haven  F.  P.  L.,  107;  in 
Wisconsin,  151;  at  Dover  P.  L., 
213;  at  Helena  P.  L.,  318;  at  Los 
Angeles  P.  L.,  318,  715;  at  Oberlin 
Con.  L.,  320;  discussed  at  Internal, 
conference,  397-398;  plans  for  at 
Lawrenceville  branch,  Carnegie 
L.,  440-441;  at  Seattle  P.  L.,  718. 

Adams,  Emma  L.,  ("189;  public  lib. 
and  the  child,  207;  methods  of  lib. 
work  with  children,  356,  C28-3I, 
Ci48,  Ci57. 

Adams,  Oscar  F.,  Story  of  Jane  Aus- 
ten's life,  164. 

Adams  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  corner-stone 
laid,  713. 

Adhesive  paper,  52. 

Adler,  Dr.  Cyrus,  Cg6,  Cio7,  Ci8p; 
international  catalog  of  scientific 
literature,  454,  Cs8-6o,  Ci68;  ex- 
change system  for  college  publica- 
tions, O6o,  €162;  college  instruc- 
tion in  bibliography,  Ci66-i67. 

Adrian  IV.,  bibl.  of  (Tarleton),  723. 

Adriance  P.  L..  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
corner-stone  laid,  450-451. 

Advertising,  at  Cleveland  P.  L.,  105, 
(Eastman)  £148-1 50;  methods  of, 
356,  (Hazeltinej  C 74-79,  Ci49;  at  St. 
Joseph  P.  L.?  £150. 

Aerial  navigation,  ref .  list  on  (Salem 


319; 


P.  L.),  326. 
JEsop,  bibl.  of  (Keidel),  326. 
Aflalo,    F.    G.,    Literary   year-book, 

1897  (review),  709. 
Aguilar  F.  L.,  N.  Y.,  8th  rpt., 

fiction  list,  366. 
Ahern,  Mary  E.,  407,  Ci8g;  sec.  and 

treas.  111.  L.  Assoc.,  31;  treas.  Chic. 

L.    Club,    209;  catalogs,  £125-126; 

A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on  co-operation  with 

Lib.  Dept.  of  N.  E.  A.,  CMS. 
Aids,  for  readers,  at  Boston  P.  L.,  88; 

for  teachers  and  scholars,  179-180. 
Alameda  (Cal.)  P.  L..  409. 


Alaska,  ref.  list,  on,  (Bost.  P.  L.)  454, 
(Cambridge  P.  L.)  721,  (New  Bed- 
ford P.  L.)  721,  (Providence  P.  L.) 


722,  Salem  P.  L.)  722,  (Springfield 

P.  L.)  722,  769,  (Waitham  P.  L.)  722, 

(FitchburgP.  L.)768. 
Albion,  N.  Y.,  lib.  bequest  to,  365. 
Alden,  H   W.,  decimal  index  in  the 

drafting-room,  162. 
Aldrich,  Eliz.  W.,  Ci8o. 
Allegheny  (Pa.)  P.  School  L.,  travel- 

ling school  libs,  established,  155. 
Allen,  Letitia  S.,  Ci8o. 
Allen,  Mary  S.,  Ci89. 


Almy,  Ida  B.,  Ci8p. 

Altoona  (Pa.)  Mechanics'  L.  and 
Reading-room,  rpt.,  155. 

Alvord,  T:,  chief  of  art  dept.,  Con- 
gressional L.,  414. 

Amer.  book  prices  current  (Living- 
stone), 54. 

American  Catalogue,  i89o-i89s(Ford), 
269. 

Amer.  L.  Assoc.,  re-incorporation, 
3, 16,  23,  75,  91-93,  (Thwaites)  128, 
9;  355,  (-.140-141,  (Dewey)  Ci4i; 


Philadelphia  conference,  3,  22,  145- 
146,  243.  257-260,  291,  305-307,  339, 
(Hames)  350-357;  hearing  before 
£ongressional  L.  com..  14-16; 
transactions  of  executive  board,  22 
-23,  696;  handbook,  24;  special  meet- 
ing, 75,  91-92;  proposed  appropria- 
tion for  secretary,  93,  C 101 ;  action  on 
tariff  bill,  201-202,  357,  380,  054; 
Poole  memorial  fund,  203,  (Wire) 
352;  proceedings  1896  conference, 
203 , 307,  C 1 58 ;  in  vitation  from  I  nstitut 
International  de  Bibliographic,  261, 
307;  amendment  to  constitution,  330, 
357,  dssj  development  of  (Brett), 
350-351,  £1-5;  secretary's  rpt.,  351, 
Cg4;  rpt.  of  endowment  fund,  351, 
C94-95,  Coj;  rpt.  of 


C94-95,  C9?;    rpt.   of  co-operation 
com.,  352,  C8i-83j  Cg?;  rpt.  on  pub. 
documents,  352,  £97-98;  rjpt.  on  state 
aid,  352,  C99;  rpt.  on  gifts  an 
quests,   352,   C90-93,   £99;  rpts 
Am.  libs,  clearing  house,  352, 


ifts  and  be- 
rpts. on 
352,  C99- 

101;  printing  of  papers  and  reports, 
352,  C96,  CgTj  Cioi-io2  ;  public 
meeting,  353,  Ci  12-120;  treasurer's 
rpt.,  355,  £129-131;  necrology,  355, 
£131;  rpt.  of  finance  com.,  355,  Ci3i; 
invitations  for  place  of  next  meet- 
ing, 352,  355,  356,  Cioi,  032-133, 
Ci47;  rpt.  on  travelling  libs.  (Thom- 
son), 355,  041-143;  rpt.  on  foreign 
documents,  355,  £143-144;  rpt.  audit- 
ing com.,  355,  044;  rpt.  of  com. 
on  co-operation  with  N.  E.  A.,  356, 
CM;  rpt.  on  lib.  eds.  of  popular 
books,  356,  Ci45-i46;  election  of  of- 


357,  Ci54;  resolution  on  N.  E.  A., 
357)  Ciss;  rpt.  of  com.  on  resolu- 
tions, 357,  Cis8;  rpt.  of  com.  on  lib. 
schools,  €.87-90;  resolution  of  thanks 
to  G:  lies,  C96-97;  resolution  on 
finance  com..  031-132;  resolution 
on  election  of  officers  (Steiner),  Ci47 
-148;  resolution  on  invitation  to 
Atlanta,  Ciss;  appointment  of  com. 
on  publication  of  title-pages,  054- 
155;  social  side  of  the  conference 
(Farr),  075-176;  catalog  of  biblio- 
graphical exhibit,  077-184;  attend- 
ance register,  089-194;  attendance 


summaries,  094;  organization,  1897 
-98,  696-697;  succession  to  presiden- 
cy, 735;  photograph  wanted,  737; 
invitation  from  Soci£t6  Bibliogra- 
phique,  751.  See  also  Poole,  W:  F: 

A.  L.  A.  badge,  261. 

A.  L.  A.  catalog  supplement,  rpt.  of 
com.  on,  353,  002-103;  discussion 
of,  352-353,  £102-112;  scope  of  (Lar- 
ned,  Montgomery),  005-106;  to  be 
published  by  Pub.  Sec.,  046-147. 

A.  L.  A.  College  Section,  proceedings, 
354)  356)  £159-172;  rpt.  of  com.  on 
organization,  072. 

A.  L.  A.  European  post-conference. 
See  International  library  confer- 
ence. 

A.  L.  A.  handbook,  1897,  93. 

A.  L.  A.  post-conference,  Delaware 
Water  Gap,  259, 307, 357,  Os8,  (Farr) 
085-188. 

A.  L.  A.  Publishing  Section,  new 
method  of  issuing  printed  catalog 
cards,  5,  21-22,  147;  newed.of  "  List 
of  subject  headings  "  (Jones),  6, 697; 
appropriation  of  $200  from  A.  L.  A., 
23;  appropriation  of  $100  from  Car- 
negie L.,  Pittsburgh,  159;  books  for 
boys  and  girls,  211,  697;  bibl.  of  fine 
art,  55-56,  113-114,  211-212;  index  to 
portraits,  253-255,  303,  347-348,  697; 
rpt.,  1896-97,  351,  C84-86,  C95-96; 
amendment  to  constitution  passed, 
351,  C96;  offer  of  G:  lies  to,  Co6, 
£97;  appropriation  from  A.  L.  A. 
endowment  fund  to,  044-145;  ap- 
propriation of  $500  from  general  A. 
L.  A.  fund  to,  046;  issue  of  co- 
operative index  cards  to  serials 
(Browne),  071,  697;  work  under- 
taken by,  697. 

A.  L.  A.  Trustees'  Section,  meetings 
of,  354,  £173-174;  rpt.  of,  355-356; 
proposed  meeting  in  N.  Y.,  045, 
074. 

Ames,  Anne  S.,  089,  719. 

Ames,  Harriet  H.,  407. 

Ames,  Dr.  J:  G.,  bill  for  continuation 
of  Ames  index,  4-5,  75;  bill  passed, 

*43- 

Amherst  summer  school,  211, 446,  Cgo. 

Anarchism,  bibl.  of  (Nettlau),  327. 

Anatomy,  bibl.  anatomique,  164. 

Anderson,  Basil,  specialization  in  lib. 
work,  43. 

Anderson,  E.  H.,  Ci&g ;  councillor 
A.  L.  A.,  697. 

Anderson,  H.  C.  L.,  lib.  work  in  New 
South  Wales,  395. 

Andrews,  Clement  W.,  407,  089  ; 
printed  catalog  cards  in  America, 
397;  book  appropriations  in  college 

"  fibs.,  £161 ;  periodicals,  O6i  ;  co- 
operative printing  of  analytical  ref- 
erences, Ci?i;  co-operation  com., 
696. 


778 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonym*  follows  this. 


Andrews,  Eliz.  P.,  447,  €189;  book 

selection,  €70-74,  €153. 
Angell,  Eleanor  A.,  €189. 
Anna  Ticknor  L.  Assoc.,  Boston,  759. 
Annual  literary  index,  1895  (Fletcher, 

Bowker),  164  ;  corrections  to,  aao, 

456. 
Anonyms  and  pseudonyms  (dep.),  56, 

114,  164.  3»8,  416,  456,  734,  770. 
Anspnia  (Ct.)  P.  L.,  gift  to,  374. 
Antipedobaptiim,  bibl.  of  (Newman), 

278. 

Appraisal  of  literature  (lies),  398. 
Apprentices'  L.,  N.  Y.    SrR,   Y. 

Gen.  Soc.  of  Mechanics'  and  Trades- 
men's L. 
Apprentices'  L.,  Phila.,  opening  in 

new  building,  373. 
Arabs,  bibl.  of  (Chauvin),  733. 
Aram,  Ja.,  lib.  bequest  to  Delavan, 

Wis..  165- 

Archcological  papers,  proposed  in- 
dex to,  338. 

Archeology,  list  of  periodicals  relat- 
to  (N.  YT  F.  L.),  454-455- 

Architecture,  ret.  list  on  (Lowell  City 
L.),  366;  portfolios  illustrating  In- 
dian (Hosmer),  Cios. 

Aristotle,  bibl.  of  (Schwab),  455. 

Armour  Institute  L.  Class,  40,  267, 
159.  See  also  Univ.  of  Illinois  State 
L.  School. 

Arnold.  Matthew,  ref.  list  on  (Fitch- 
burg  P.  L.).  454. 

Arnold,  T.  W.,  bibl.  of  Mohammed- 
anism, 220. 

Arnold,  T:,  bibl.  of  (Findlay),  455. 
Art  exhibits.    See  Exhibitions. 
Arthur,  King,  reading  notes  on  (Phila. 

Merc.  L.),  54. 
Artz,  Victorienne  T:,  gift  to  Bost.  P. 

L.,  51. 

Artz  L.,  Frederick,  Md.,  46-47. 
Asbury  Park,  N.  J.,  vote  tor  free  lib., 

Ashhurst,  J:,  yi.}  CiSo. 

Assoc.  of  Collegiate  Alumni,  bibl.  of 
education  of  women,  359-360. 

Astor  L.  See  N.  Y.  P.  L.  — Astor, 
Lenox,  and  Tilden  foundations. 

Astronomy,  list  of  periodicals  relating 
to  (N.  Y.  P.  L.),  277,  326;  ref.  list 
on  (Lowell  City  L.),  366;  biblio- 
graphica  astronomica,  367. 

Athens,  Ga.,  lib.  bequest  to,  318. 

Atlanta,  lib.  meeting  in,  304 ;  pro- 
posed for  1808  conference,  €132  ; 
A.  L.  A.  resolution  regarding,  €155. 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  lib.  meeting  at, 
206-307 :  action  of  city  council  on 
public  lib.,  243-344,  371,  317. 

Attleboro  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt,3i7. 

Aurora  (111.)  P.  L.,  meeting  at  Wom- 
an's Club  regarding,  103;  introduc- 
tion to  children's  stories  at  (Coffin), 
376. 

Austen,  Jane,  bibl.  of  (Adams),  164. 

Austin,  Willard,  €189  ;  periodicals, 
Ci6i-i6s. 

Austin  (111.)  P.  L.,  opened,  155. 

Australasian  L.  Assoc.  See  L.  Assoc. 
of  Australasia. 

Austrian  assoc.  of  libns.,  322. 

Authors,  catalogue  general  des  grand 
ecrivams,  113;  lexikon  der  deutsch- 
en  dichter  u.  prosaisten  (Brummer), 
162;  bibl.  of  Am.  (Foley),  326;  Am. 
(Lowell  City  L.),  768. 

Autographs,  Chamberlain  collection 
of,  in  Boston  P.  L.,  325. 

Avery,  Myrtilla,  42,  £189;  sec.  Lib. 
Dept.  N.  E.  A.,  389. 

Babine,  Alex.  V.,  college  libs.,  30. 

Bailey,  May,  €189;  graduate  Drexel 
lib.  class,  358. 

Bailley,  Ja.  B.,  bibl.  of  resurrection- 
ists, 368. 

Baker,  G:  H.,  Ci8o;  testimony  before 
Congressional  L.  Com.,  15;  what 


should  libns.  read,  34-35;  notice  to 
libns.,  76;  book  appropriations  in 
college  libs..  €164-165;  college  in- 
struction in  bibliography.  Ci68;  co- 
operative printing  of  analytical  ref- 
erences, CITO. 

Baldwin,  Eliz.  G.,  42;  vice-pres.  N.  Y. 
State  L.  Assoc.,  35. 

Ball,  Lucy,  treas.  Mich.   L.  Assoc., 

Baltimore  (Md.)  P.  School  L.,  libn. 

appointed,  365. 
Bangor  (Me.)  P.   L.,  bequest  to,  51; 

1 4th  rpt.,  155. 
Barber,  Mrs.  M.  C.,  €189. 
Bardwell,  W.  A.,  what  should  libns. 

read,  35;  vice-pres.  N.  Y.  State  L. 

Assoc.,  35. 
Barker  F.  L.,  Dunkirk,  N.  Y.,  rpt., 

449. 
Barnard,  H:,  bibl.  of  (Monroe),  164; 

ref.  list  on  (Providence  P.  L.),  366. 
Barnes,  Eliz.  L.,  Ci8o. 
Barnes,  Dr.  W:  A.,  death  of,  440. 
Barnett,  Claribel  R.,  €189;  ref.  list  on 

sugar  beet.  368. 
Barnum,  T.  R.,  €189. 
Barnwell.Ja.  G.,  €189. 
Barrett,  F.  T.,  selection  of  ref.  books, 

103;  alphabetical  and  classed  cata- 
logs, 394-395;  notes  on  lib.  practice, 

695. 
Barrett,  W.  F.,  bibl.  of  the  divining 

rod,  455. 

Barrow,  B:  S.,  resignation,  719. 
Barry,  W:,  forbidden  books,  759. 
Barton,  E.  M.,  407. 
Barton,  Mrs.  E.  M.,  407. 
Bartram  Memorial  L.  proposed    for 

Phila.,  158. 

Battersea  (Eng.)  P.  Ls.,  loth  rpt.,  323. 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  lib.  bequest  to, 

162. 

Beardsley,  Arth.,  €189. 
Bechtel,    Mary    E.,    Ci8g;   graduate 

Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 
Beer,  W:,  libn.   Fisk  F.  and  P.  L., 

New  Orleans,  48, 52;  Fisk  F.  and  P. 

L.,  €32-34,  €155. 

Belfast  (Irel.)  F.  P.  L.,  8th  rpt.,  51. 
Belfast  (Me.)  F.  L.,  rpt.,  317. 
Bennett,  May,  marriage,  162. 
Benson,  E:  W.,  Cyprian,  367. 
Bergen  (Norway)  P.  L.,  718,  767. 
Berger,  Daniel,  bibl.  of  United  Breth- 
ren in  Christ,  368. 
Berkeley  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  400. 
Berlin,  Wis.,  lib.  assoc.  formed,  317. 
Berry,  Silas  H.,  €189;  libn.  N.  Y.  Y. 

M.   C.  A.   L.,  452;  catalogs,  €124, 

€125;  book-marks,  Cia6. 
Bible,  bibl.  of  (Copinger),  455. 
Bibliografy  (dep.)  55, 113, 164,  220,  278, 


326,  367,  416,  455,  722,  769. 
Jibliografy,  progress  in,  in  1896,  5; 
work  in  at  N.  Y.  State  L.  School, 


153-154;  need  of  in  school  work,  179 
-180;  projects  in  (Billings,  Solberg). 
210;  college  instruction  in  (Univ.  of 
Colo.),  217;  (Leland  Stamford  Jr. 


can  book-trade  (Bowker),  383-387, 
398;  and  cataloging  (Pollard),  394; 
theoretical  and  practical  (Pether- 
ick),  398;  in  equipment  of  cultivated 
man  (Bisbee),  420-432;  subjects  in 
N.  Y.  State  L.  School,  757. 

Bibliographical  endeavors  in  Ameri- 
ca (Bowker),  384-387. 

Bibliographical  exhibit,  Philadelphia 
conference,  €177-184. 

Bibl.  Nacionale,  Madrid,  bequest  of 
Senor  Canovas  to,  451-452. 

Bibl.  Nationale,  Paris,  218;  catalogue 
general,  tome  i,  720. 

Bicknell,  Percy  F.,  treas.  111.  L. 
Assoc.,  97;  new  building  for  Univ. 
of  111.  L.,  303-304. 


Bidwell,  Clara  L.,  CiSg. 

Bigclow,  F.  B.,  Ci8o. 

Bilbassof,  B.  v.,  bibl.  of  Catharine  II. 

of  Russia,  327. 

Bill,  F:,  vice-pres.  Ct.  L.  Assoc.,  04. 
Bill  L.,  Ledyard,  Ct.,  to  be  made  free, 

Billings.  Dr.  J:  S.,  CiSg;  recent  bibli- 
ographical projects.  210;  proposed 
building  of  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  355,  £133- 


lution  on  tariff  bill,  €154;  co-opera- 
tive printing  of  analytical  referen- 
ces, €168-170;  disinfection  of  books, 
756. 

Bindings,  royal  English,  113;  speci- 
fications for  (Neumann),  348-349; 
preserving,  766. 

Binghamton  (N.  Y.)  City  School  L., 
finding  lists.  54. 

Biography,  bibl.  of  national  (Lee),  394; 
books  of  1896  in  (Cutler).  137-138; 
books  in  A.  L.  A.  list  (Lamed), 
Cio6-io8. 

Bird,  Janet,  libn.  Millersville  (Pa.) 
State  Normal  School,  719. 

Birge,  Dr.  E.  A.,  pres.  Wis.  L.  Assoc., 
152. 

Birmingham  (Eng.)  F.  Ls.,  35th  rpt., 

2*3- 

Birtwell,  Mary  L..  407. 

Bisbee,  M.  D.,  vice-ores.  N.  H.  L. 
Assoc.,  100;  place  01  bibliography  in 
equipment  of  cultivated  man,  429- 
432- 

Biscoe,  Alice  M.,  407. 

Biscoe  Ellen  D.,  42,  407;  libn.  Eau 
Claire  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  112. 

Biscoe,  Lucy  W.,  407. 

Biscoe,  Walter.  S.,  407. 

Bishop,  W:  W.,  £189;  ist  vice-pres. 
Chicago  L.  Club,  209;  printing  con- 
ference reports,  Cioi;  periodicals, 
Ci6i;  college  instruction  in  bibli- 
ography, €167. 

Blackstone  Memorial  L.,  Branford, 
Ct.,  catalog,  325. 

Blair,  Mrs.  Julia,  vice-pres.  Western 
Penna.  L.  Club,  313. 

Blake,  Irma  L,  766. 

Blanchard,  Caroline  M.,  CiSg;  vice- 
pres.  Mass.  L.  Club,  704. 

Blanchard,  Grace,  sec.  N.  H.  L. 
Assoc.,  100. 

Blandy,  Julia  W.,  Ci8g;  graduate 
Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 

Blind,  books  for  the,  at  Detroit  P.  L., 
46,  212;  list  of  (Detroit  P.  L.)  277, 
(Jersey  City  P.  L.)  277;  at  Jersey 
City  P.  L.,  318;  N.  Y.  F.  C.  L.  for 
the,  411;  at  Congressional  L.,  439, 
693,  764. 

Bliss,  Rob.,  €189;  2d  vice-pres.  Penna. 
L.  Club,  102. 

Blodget,  Lorin,  jr.,  €189. 

Blyth,  A.  W.,  bibl.  of  foods,  220. 

Boardman,  Alice,  €189. 

Boase,  F:,  lists  of  pseudonyms,  416. 

Bodleian  L.,  Oxford,  Eng.,  rpt.,  364; 
Rawlinson  mss.,  768. 

Boggs,  W.  E.,  vice-pres.  Ga.  L.  Club, 
310. 

Bolas,  T:,  bibl.  of  color  photography, 
278. 

Bolton,  C:  Knowles,  treas.  A.  L.  A., 
23;  engagement,  112;  hist,  of  Brook- 
line,  275;  rpt.  as  treas.  A.  L.  A.,  355, 
€129-131;  marriage,  365;  finance 
com.,  696;  com.  on  lib.  eds.,  696;  list 
of  errors  in  well-known  books,  738; 
colonial  handwriting,  768. 

Bolton,  H.  Carrington.  catalog  of 
scientific  and  technical  periodicals, 
325;  an  extraordinary  title,  442;  cor- 
rection of  Miss  Clarke,  678. 

Bonney,  C:  C.,  bibl.  of  World's  Con- 
gresses, 416. 

Book-cover,  device  for,  323-324. 

Book-lists  for  lib.  discussion  (Tilling- 
hast),  678. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


779 


The  index  to  Pseudonym*  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Book-marks,  used  at  Pawtucket  P.  L., 
158;  for  children,  183,  199,  257;  A. 
L.  A.  discussion  on,  €126-127,  €150- 
151- 

Book-pocket,  devised  by  Miss  M.  S. 
R.  James,  €126. 

Book  reviews,  collection  of,  91;  criti- 
cal, used  by  N.  Y.  State  L.  School, 
268. 

Books,  what  should  libns.  read  (sym- 
posium), 34-35;  of  1896,  discussed  at 
N.  Y.  meeting,  36-37,  83-88,  136-142, 
194-196;  listed  in  Independent,  54; 
methods  of  selection  at  N.  Y.  State 
L.  School,  41 ;  mending,  52;  proposed 
duty  on,  180.  201-202,  208,  210,  263, 


boys  and  girls  (HewinsJ,  211;  muti- 
lation of,  (Evanston  P.  L.)  213, 
(Minneapolis  P.  L.)  715;  100  of  1896 
(Bowdoin  Coll.  L.),  219;  on  local  in- 
dustries, (Jackson)  244,  (Foster)  737; 
mastery  of  (Koopman),  327;  unin- 
dexed,  328;  of  1896-97  discussed  at 
A.  L.  A.  conference,  353,  €102-112; 
lib.  eds.  of  popular,  355,  €145-146; 
for  use  in  N.  Y.  hospitals  (U.  S.  N. 
Y.,  Extension  bul.  no.  18),  366;  dis- 
infection by  formalin,  388,  756;  for 
mothers'  clubs  (Eastman),  436-437; 
survival  of  the  fittest  among  (Rich- 
ardson), €45-47,  €168;  care  of  rare 
(Eames),  €48-50;  of  1897  discussed 
by  Mass.  L.  Club,  704-705;  lists  of 
best  (Brookline  P.  L.),  720;  list  of 
errors  in  (Bolton),  738;  forbidden 
(Barry),  759.  See  also  Children's 
reading,  Fiction,  Foreign  books, 
Selection  of  books. 

Book-stacks,  52,  414. 

Book-support,  414. 

Book-thieves,  at  Boston  P.  L.,  104;  at 
U.  S.  Congressional  L.,  160,  274, 
364,  451. 

Boone  (la.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  448. 

Boston  Athenaeum,  catalog  of  Wash- 
ingtoniana,  54.  720. 

Boston  Book  Co.,  Bulletin  of  Bib- 
liography, 720. 

Boston  P.  L.,  44;  gift  for  Longfellow 
memorial  collection,  51;  aids  for 
readers,  88;  books  stolen  from,  104; 
pictures  for  school-rooms,  194;  ex- 
hibition, 271;  Macmonnies'  statute 
of  Bacchante  rejected,  317;  bequest 
to,  321;  bulletin,  325, 454;  description 
of  Chamberlain  autographs,  325; 
list  of  periodicals,  etc.,  325,  C8i; 
bibl.  of  the  education  of  women, 
359-360;  gift  to,  365;  45th  rpt.,  409- 
410;  suggestions  for  children's  room, 
439;  accessions  to,  448;  restricted 
books,  448;  mounting  pictures,  759: 

gift  for  newspapers,  759;  catalog  of 
ng.  fict.,  supp.,  768. 

Bostwick,  Arth.  E.,  what  should  libns. 
read,  35;  reviews  and  criticisms  for 
readers,  91;  pres.  N.  Y.  L.  Club, 
266. 

Boulder,  Colo.,  meeting  of  lib.  assoc. 
in  interest  of  public  hb.;  148-149. 

Bourne  (Mass.)  Memorial  L.,  ded- 
icated, 360. 

Bowdoin  Coll.  L.,  bibliographical 
contributions  no.  6:  best  books  of 
1896,  219;  rpt. ,360. 

Bowerman,  G:  F.,  42;  asst.  at  N.  Y. 
State  L.,  112. 

Bowker,  R:  R..  407;  catalog  of  public 
documents  of  ssd  congress  (review), 
43;  ed.  annual  literary  index,  164; 
bibl.  of  municipal  government  (re- 
view), 269-270;  index  to  documents, 
54th  congress,  ist  session  (review), 
270;  A.  L.  A.,  rpt.  on  public  docu- 
ments, 352,  €97-98;  councillor  A.  L. 
A.,  356,  €148,  607;  bibliographical 
endeavors  in  Am.,  384-387,  398; 


member  Pub.  Sec.,  696;  chairman 
pub.  documents  com.,  696;  interna- 
tional conference,  707. 

Boyd,  Mrs.  L.  J.,  libn.  Harlem  L., 
N.  Y.,  52. 

Boyden,  W.  L.,card  catalog  assorting 
device,  324. 

Boys'  corner,  at  Dayton  P.  L.,  342. 

Bradford,  Gov,  W:,  ref.  list  on  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.),  366. 

Bradford  (Eng.)  P.  F.  Ls.  (26th  rpt.), 
51- 

Bradlee,  Caleb  Davis,  bequests  to 
Bost.  P.  L.  and  Brookline  P.  L., 

Bradiey,  Helen  M.,  €189. 

Bradley,  I:  S.,  €189. 

Bradley,  Mrs.  I:  S.,  €189. 

Bradley,  W.  A.,  gift  of  travelling  lib. 
to  Tomahawk,  W  is.,  274. 

Branch  libs.,  of  Bost.  P.  L.,  409-410. 
See  also  Delivery  stations. 

Brett,  W:  H.,  €189;  testimony  before 
Congressional  L.  com.,  15;  address 
at  A.  L.  A.  conference,  350-351,  Ci- 
5;  paper  on  access  to  shelves  at  In- 
ternal, conference,  397-398;  printing 
conference  papers,  €97;  address  at 
public  meeting  A.  L.  A.,  €112-113; 
re-incorporation  of  A.  L.  A.,  €140- 
141;  children's  lib.  league,  €153- 
154;  children's  lib.  work,  €157;  co- 
operation com.,  696;  A.  L.  A.  photo- 
graph wanted,  737;  public  lib.  made 
useful,  759. 

Brewster.  Gertrude  A.,  cataloger 
Lenox  L.,  42. 

Bridgeport  (Ct.)  P.  L.,  lithograph  ex- 
hibition, 44;  art  exhibitions,  104,  212, 
271,  714;  i6th  rpt.,  448. 

Brinkerhoff,  Adelaide.  407. 

Brinkman,  Edith,  €189. 

Biistol  (Ct.)  F.  P.  L.,  opened,  44. 

British  Assoc.  for  Advancement  of 
Science,  rpt.  on  bibl.  of  zoo'logy, 
368. 

British  municipal  hist. , bibl. of  (Gross), 
769. 

British  Mus.  L.,  718-719,  765;  supp.  to 
catalog  of  Persian  mss.,  720;  Har- 
leian  L..  765. 

Brittany,  bibl.  of  traditions  of  (Sebil- 
lot),  278. 

Brobst,  S:  J.,  Ci8o. 

Bronson,  Jennie  S.,  vice-pres.  Twin 
City  L.  Club,  707. 

Bronson  L.,  Waterbury,  Ct.,  28th  rpt., 
718. 

Brookings,  W.  D.  B.,  and  Ringwalt, 
R.  C.,  Briefs  for  debate,  55. 

Brookline  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  soth  anni- 
versary, 44-45;  catalog  of  hist,  fic- 
tion, 276;  bequest  to,  325;  catalog  of 
music,  415;  lists  of  best  books,  720. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  Institute  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  part  of  new  building 
opened,  317. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  L.,  45;  sgth  rpt.,  360; 
gift  to,  765. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  bill  authoriz- 
ing $10,000  for  expenses,  271;  bill 
providing  for  site  signed,  317;  en- 
largement of  board  of  directors,  360; 
appropriation  of  $5000,  410. 

Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  Assoc.,  6,  18- 
20,  45;  book  reception,  156,  760; 
annual  meeting,  212;  future  work 
planned,  360;  autumn  meeting,  714; 
building  obtained,  760. 

Brooks,  Mary  C.,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute L.  class,  358. 

Brooks,  Rob.  €.,  bibl.  of  municipal 
government,  269-270. 

Brown,  Arth.  N.,  €189. 

Brown,  Elmer  E.,  bibl.  of  education, 
278. 

Brown,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  F.  H.,  407. 

Brown,  Ja.  E.,  state  libn.  of  Ga.,  766. 

Brown,  J:  N:,  gift  of  $200,000  to  Prov- 
idence P.  L.,  112,  159. 


Brown,  Walter,  ref.  libn.  Buffalo  P. 
L.,  324;  asst.  supt.  Buffalo  P.  L., 
365- 

Brownback,  Reba  E.,  €189. 

Browne,  Nina  E.,  42,  52-53,  407,  €189; 
opinions  on  Browne  charging  sys- 
tem desired,  128;  discussion  of  lib. 
fines.  444;  catalogs,  €124 ;  treasurer's 
rpt.  A.  L.  A.,  €129-131;  co-operative 
printing  of  analytical  references, 
€171. 

Browne  charging  system,  opinions 
desired  (Browne),  128;  (Pennock), 
294-296. 

Browning,  Eliza  G.,  €189;  conduct  of 
small  libs.,  754. 

Browning,  Rob.,  bibl.  of,  55;  liter- 
ature on  given  to  Boston  P.  L.  by 
Browning  Soc.,  365. 

Brownings,  the,  ref.  lists  on  (Somer- 
ville  P.  L.),  55;  (Salem  P.  L.),  113. 

Briimmer,  Franz,  Lexikon  derdeutch- 
en  dichter  u.  prosaisten  der  19  jahr- 
hunderts,  4th  ed.,  162. 

Brtinn,  Prof.  Heinrich,  private  lib. 
of,  51. 

Brunswick  (Me.)  P.  L.  A.,  rpt.,  360- 
361. 

Brussels  lib.  conference.  See  Insti- 
tut  International  de  Bibliographic. 

Buchanan,  S:,  libn.  East  St.  Louis 
(111.)  P.  L,  452. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  re-organization 
as  a  free  library,  20^21,  104,  144-145, 
212;  bust  of  Burns  given  to,  45;  6ist 
rpt.,  271;  opening  announced,  361; 
opened,  448;  success  of,  714,  760; 
finding  list,  fiction,  poetry,  etc.,  720- 
721;  special  lists,  768. 

Buildings,  library.  Scoville  Memorial 
L.,  Carleton  College,  17-18;  Bristol 
(Ct.)  F.  P.  L.,  44;  Floyd-Jones  L., 
Massapequa,  L.  I.,  47;  Pe'.ham  (N. 
H.)  P.  L.,  49;  Peona  ail.)  P.  L., 
145;  Meekins  L.,  Williamsburg, 
Mass.,  161;  Hoboken  (N.  J.)  P.  L., 
200;  Apprentices'  L.,  Phila.,  273; 
plans  for  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  291,  296-301, 
(Billings)  355,  €133-136,  (A.  L.  A. 
discussion),  355,  €137-140,  (A.  L.  A. 
resolution),  €154,  2d  competition, 
i,  final  plans,  744-745;  Univ.  of 


na,  Minn.,  364:  Newark  (N.  J.)  P. 
L.,  390,  717;  Hale  Memorial  L., 
Matunuck,  R.  I.,  411;  Hyde  P.  L., 
Sturbridge,  Mass.,  413;  Lawrence- 
ville  Branch  Carnegie  L.,  440  441; 
Fisk  F.  and  P.  L.,  New  Orleans 
(Beer),  €32-34;  Chicago  P.  L.,  692- 
693;  Kansas  City  P.  L.,  694;  Colum- 
bia Univ.  L.,  746-747;  Menasha 
(Wis.)  P.  L.,  748-750;  Shute  P.  L., 
Lynn,  Mass.,  762-763. 

Bullock,  Edna  D..  42:  organizer  Ne- 
braska City  (Neb.)  P.  L.,  162;  cata- 
loger Univ.  of  Neb.,  766. 

Bullock,  Waller  I.,  42. 

Bunnell,  Ada,  42. 

Burchard,  E:  L.,  resignation,  162. 

Burdick,  Esther  E.,  42,  €189. 

Burgess,  J:  W.,  Middle  period  (bibl.), 
368. 

Burgoyne,  F.  J.,  lib.  architecture,  496. 

Burfington  (la.)  F.  P.  L.,  nth  rpt.,  410. 

Burnite,  Caroline,  €189. 

Burns,  Rob.,  bibl.  of,  327. 

Burns,  W:  S.,  42. 

Burns,  Wylie  C.,  €189. 

Bursch,  I).  F.  W.,  resignation,  414; 
resignation  denied.  452. 

Burscn.  F:  W.,  graduate  Pratt  Insti- 
tute L.  School,  358. 

Burtch,  Almon,  €180. 

Butte  (Mont.)  P.  L.,  714,  760-761; 
statistics  for  1896,  45;  3d  rpt.,  317- 
318;  why  there  was  no  strike,  439; 
list  of  books  on  engineering,  721. 


780 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  to  PieucUnyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Cabot  bibl.  (Winship),  366,  722. 

Caffrey,  Miss  K.  K.,  Ci8o. 

California,  L.  Assoc.  of  Central,  Nov. 
meeting,  25;  Dec.  meeting,  26;  Jan. 
meeting,  93-794;  Feb.  meeting,  304; 
March  meeting,  305;  April  meeting, 
363;  May  meeting,  309;  Sept.  meet- 
ing, 699;  Oct.  meeting,  699-700;  pub- 
lications, no.  i,  700;  Nov.  meeting, 

California  State  L.,  W.  P.  Mathews 
elected  libn.,  53;  his  resignation 
and  appointment  of  E.  D.  McCabe, 

CaHcins,  Mary  J.,  libn.  Coll.  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons,  Chic.,  40; 
libn.  Racine  (WisT)  P.  L  ,  452. 

Cambridge  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  156; 
bulletin,  73i. 

Camden  (Me.)  F.  P.  L.,  opened,  4*. 

Camden,  N.  J.,  movement  for  free 
lib.,  761. 

Campania,  Italy, bibl.  of  (Furchheim), 
769. 

Campbell,  J:  H., />.,  Ci8g. 

Canastota  (N.  Y.)  F.  L..  opened,  45. 

Canton  (O.)  P.  L.  A.,  156. 

Card  catalog  assorting  device,  324. 

Carletpn,  Laura  M.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  School,  358. 

Carleton  College,  Northfield,  Minn., 
Scoville  Memorial  L.,  17-18. 

Carnegie,  And.,  lib.  benefactions  of, 
303;  gift  to  Greenwich  P.  L.,  323; 
gift  to  Washington  (D.  C.)  F.  L., 
365. 

Carnegie  F.  L.,  Allegheny,  Pa.,  sec- 
ond-rate fiction  excluded,  127-128, 
(Stevenson)  133-135,  (Harbourne) 
351-252;  catalog  of  fiction,  sup.  no. 
7, 162-163;  7th  rpt.,  713-714. 

Carnegie  F.  L.,  Braddock,  Pa.,  rpt, 
104;  art  loan  exhibit,  155-156. 

Carnegie  L.,  Homestead,  Pa.,  con- 
tract awarded,  47. 

Carnegie  L.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  "city 
day,  49;  plans  forXawrenceville 
branch,  157;  appropriation  to  A.  L. 
A.  Pub.  Section,  159;  bulletin.  163, 
366;  ist  rpt.,  362;  plans  for  Law- 
renceville  branch,  440-441;  foun- 
ders' day,  764. 

Carpentersville  (111.)  P.  L.,  opened, 
104. 

Carr,  Bertha  G.,  42. 

Carr,  H:  J..  Ciox>;  resignation  from 
lib.  schools  com.,  22;  pres.  Penna. 
L.  Club,  102;  printing  conference 
reports,  Cio2;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 
697. 

Carr,  Mrs.  H.  J.,  Ci89- 

Carroll,  Anna  B..  Cioxs. 

Carter,  Mrs.  H.  J.,  travelling  libs,  of 
pictures,  264,  293-294. 

Case  L.,  Cleveland,  O.,  exhibit  at, 
105,  714;  handbook,  714;  music  cat- 
Case  Memorial  L.,  Auburn,  N.  Y., 
designs  for,  44. 

Castile,  N.  Y.,  Cordelia  A.  Greene 
L.,  156. 

Castillo,  M.,  la  clasificacii'm  biblio- 
grafica  decimal,  454. 

Catalog  cards.  See  Printed  catalog 
cards. 

Cataloging,  a  word  on  (San born),  13; 
internal.,  54,  304-305;  medical  libs, 
of  Denver,  156,  437;  reference  notes 
in  (Crandall),  180;  arrangement  of 
pseudonyms  in  (Taylor),  180;  wom- 
en's work  in  (Hayward\  308;  print- 
ed entries  at  Providence  P.  L.,  320; 
device  for  assorting  cards,  324;  A. 
L.  A.  discussion  on,  354,  6123-126; 
and  bibliography  (Pollard),  394;  co- 
operative of  periodicals  (Langton), 
397;  hint  in  (Crofton),  398;  corpo- 
rate entry  in,  (Cutter)  432-434, 
(Clarke)  434-435;  proceedings  of  in- 
ternal, conference  on  scientific, 


(Billings)  210,  (Adlcr)  454,  Cj8-6o, 
Ci68;  some  heresies  about  (wire), 


Cataloging  and  classification  (dep.), 

54,   113,   163,  319,  276,  335,  366,  415, 

454,  720,  768. 
Catalogs,    alphabetical    and    classed 

(Barrett),  394-395. 
Catalogue   general   dcs   grand  ccri- 

vains,  113. 
Catharine  II.  of  Russia,  bibl.  of  (Bil- 

bassof),  337. 
Cathcart,  W.  H.,  Cigo. 
Cattell,  Sarah  W.,  43,  Ci9o;  asst.  libn. 

Drexel  Inst.,  719. 
Cedar  Rapids  (la.)  F.  P.  L.,  opened, 

104. 
Central  California  L.  Assoc.   See  Cali- 

fornia, L.  Assoc.  of  Central. 
Chadwick,  J.  R.,  medical  libs.,  103. 
Chamberlain  collection,  Bost.  P.  L., 

325- 

Champlin,  G:  G.,  43. 
Chandler,  Alice  M.,  pres.   Mass.  L. 

Club,  704. 
Chandler,  W:  D.,  trustee  N.  H.  State 

L.,48. 

Changed  titles,  55,  163. 
Chapell,  Cornelia  W.,  Cioo. 
Chappell,  J.  H.,   vice-pres.   Ga.    L. 

Club,  310. 
Charging      systems,      opinions     on 

Browne  system  desired  (Browne), 

128;  Browne  system  (Pennock)  294- 

296  ;  suggestions  for  (Smith),  340  ; 

indicator-catalog  (Schwartz),   397  ; 

the  "  combined  ''   system    and    its 

critics  (Schwartz),  428;  elementary 

talk  on  (Sheldon),  £63-64,  Ci26;  A. 

L.  A.  discussion  on,  Cis6. 
Charlton,  Mary  R.,  Ciox>. 
Chase,   Arth.    H.,    pres.    N.    H.   L. 

Assoc..  ioo. 
Chase,  r  :  A.,  407. 

Chattanooga  (Tenn.)  L.  A.,  rpt.,  105. 
Chautauqua  Lake,  discussed  for  1898 

conference.  Ci32.  Ci33,  Ci47. 
Chauvin,     V.,    bibl.    des    ou 

Arabes,  722. 
Chemistry,    periodicals    relating    to 

(N.  Y.  P.  L.),  366. 
Chester,  Pa.,  lib.  bequest  to,  523. 
Chicago,  lib.  specialization  in,  105  ; 

economic  circulating  lib.   in,  271- 

273. 
Chicago  Hist.  Soc.  L.,  new  building 

opened,  45. 
Chicago  L.  Club,  32d  meeting,  39-40; 

Jan.   meeting,  152-153;  Feb.   meet- 

ing, 153  ;  March  meeting,  209;  meet- 

ing of  exec,  committee,  313;  Oct. 

meeting,  706;    Nov.  meeting,  755; 

Dec.  meeting,  755-756. 
Chicago  P.  L.,  Bohemian  books  add- 

ed,   45  ;    rooms   in    new   building 

opened,  156;  new  building  uncom- 

pleted, 212;  Hungarian  books  add- 

ed, 361;  new  building  opened,  677, 

Child,  Grace  A.,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute L.  School,  358. 

Child,  W:  B.,  Cioo. 

Children,  lib.  work  with,  (Plummer) 
679-686,  707,  (Eastman)  686-688;  dis- 
cussed, (Western  Penna.  L.  Club) 
209,  (N.  J.  L.  Assoc.)  207;  methods 
of,  (Fairchild)  355,  Cio-27,  Ci48, 
(Adams)  355,  C28-3I,  048,  (A.  L. 
A.  discussion)  056-158;  home  libs. 
(Foote),  713. 

Children's  'ibrarian  (Cutler),  292. 

Children's  library  league,  at  Cleve- 
land P.  L.,  678,  (Eastman)  183, 
Ci5i-i53,  686-688,  (Brett)  Ci53-i54; 
at  Prendergast  F.  L.,  693. 

Children's  reading,  best  25  books, 
(Wis.  L.  Assoc  )  152;  bibl.  aids 
in,  170-180;  teachers'  views  on, 
(Dana)  187-190;  statistics  on,  (Doren) 
190-193;  observations  upon,  (Rus- 


vrages 


sell)  194:  books  of  1896,  (Hewins) 
194-196;  "  evaluation  of,  (Dayton 
P.  L.)  198-199;  discussion  on,  (Colo. 
L.  Assoc.)  205,  363-263;  books  for 
boys  and  girls,  (Hewins)  211,  697; 
developing  a  taste  for  good  litera- 
ture, (Foster)  245-351 ;  introduction 
to,  (Coffin)  376;  address  on,  (Hew- 
ins) 396,  (Dana)  396;  books  in  A.  L. 
A.  list,  (Hewins)  £108-109. 

Children's  rooms  in  libs.,  Syracuse 
Central  L.,  no.  451:  Buffalo  P.  L., 
271;  Carnegie  L.,  Pittsburgh,  363; 
Y.  M.  L.  A.,  Augusta,  Ga..  409; 
suggestions  for,  (Bost.  P.  L.)  439; 
Providence  P.  L.  (Foster),  738; 
Omaha  P.  L..  763;  at  Troy.  764. 

Child-study,  bibl.  of  (Stowell),  220. 

China,  libs,  and  literature  of  (Fryer), 
25- 

Cholelithiasis,  bibl.  of  (Naumyn),  327. 

Christman,  Jenny  L.,  42. 

Christmas,  ref.  list  on,  (Cleveland  P. 
L.)  54.  (New  Bedford  P.  L.)  54, 
(Osternout  F.  L.)  54,  (Springfield 
City  L.)  55. 

Church,  Henrietta,  42. 

Church  history,  bibl.  of  (Hurst),  327; 
and  state,  bibl.  of  (Johnston),  416. 

Churchman,  Mrs.  F.  M.,  Cioo. 

Cincinnati  (O.)  Hospital  L..  rpt.,  361. 

Cincinnati  (O.)  P.  L.,  bulletin,  219, 
366. 

Civil  lists,  list  of,  416. 

Civil  service  methods  in  libraries 
(Fletcher),76. 

Clark,  Dr.  C:  P.,  books  offered  for 
distribution,  76. 

Clark,  Eliz.  R.,  407. 

Clark,  Josephine  A.,  exec.  com.  Wash- 
ington L.  Assoc.,  40. 

Clark,  T:  H.,  supt.  Law  L.,  Con- 
gressional L.,427,  452. 

Clarke,  Edith  E.,  42,  Cigo;  congres- 
sional or  national  lib.  ?  7-9  ;  corpo- 
rate entry,  434-435;  correction,  (Bol- 
ton)  678,  (Schwartz)  737. 

Clarke,  Eliz.  P.,  218,  Cioo. 

Classics,  guide  to  the  choice  of 
(Mayor),  113. 

Classification,  articles  on,  in  Library, 
219;  a  French  system  of,  253;  A.  L. 
A.  discussion  on,  354,  020-123;  ex- 
pansive (Cutter),  395;  in  public  libs. 
(Robertson},  395;  of  Harvardiana 
(Nelson),  (.47-48,  Ci6s;  and  nota- 
tion (Kephart),  739-741.  See  also 
Decimal  classification. 

Clayton,  Violet  M.,  Cioo. 

Clearing-house  for  Am.  libs.,  rpts.  of 
A.  L.  A.  com.,  352,  Coo-ioi. 

Clemens,  Eliz.  V.,  Cioo. 

Cleveland,  Josephine  P.,  death  of, 
766. 

Cleveland  (p.)  P.  L.,  reference  lists, 
54;  advertising  at  (Eastman),  105, 
Ci48-iso;  special  reading  lists,  113, 
276;  south  side  branch  opened,  156; 
work  with  schools  (Eastman),  182- 
184;  lib.  lectures  at,  199-200;  cumu- 
lative index,  56,  368,  723-724;  new 
building  for,  449;  children's  lib. 
league  at,  677,  (Eastman)  Cisi-i53, 
686-688,  (Brett)  053-154;  rpt.,  761. 

Clonney,  Mrs.  Josephine  W.,  Cioo. 

Clubs,  relations  of  to  libs.  (Jones),  34; 
work  with,  at  Brooklyn  L.,  45  ;  co- 
operation between  libs,  and,  (Hoag- 
land)  200-201,  (N.  Y.  L.  Assoc.)  312. 

Coe,  Alice  J.,  Ciox). 

Coffin,  Helen  L.,  introduction  to 
children's  stories  at  Aurora  P.  L., 
276. 

Cole,  G:  W.,  42,  407,  766;  resignation 
as  treas.  A.  L.  A.,  22. 

Cole,  T.  L.,  Cioo;  vice-pres.  Wash.  L. 
Assoc.,  40;  bibl.  of  Ala.  statute  law, 
326,  of  Ark.  law,  327,  of  Fla.  law,  416. 

Coleman,  W:  E.,  libs,  and  literature 
of  India,  25. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


78l 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  ihis. 


Coleridge,  S:  T.,  mss.  of  (White),  770. 

Collar,  Mildred  A.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  Class,  358. 

College  libs.,  problems  and  possibili- 
ties of  (Babine),  30;  selection  of 
books  for,  (Potter)  €39-44,  Ci6i,  (A. 
L.  A.  discussion)  Ci6i-i6s;  govern- 
ment and  control  of,  (Harris)  C$s- 
57,  Ci6o,  (A.  L.  A.  discussion)  Ci6o- 
161;  instruction  in  bibliography  by, 
(Koopman)  Ci65-i66,  (A.  L.  A.  dis- 
cussion) Ci66-i68. 

College  settlement  libs.,  at  Univ.  of 
Chic.,  449. 

Collins,  V.  Lansing,  Cigo;  ref.  libn. 
Princeton  Univ.  L.,  275. 

Color-photography,  bibl.  of  (Bolas), 
278. 

Colorado,  state  lib.  commission  pro- 
t  posed,  26,  94,  105,  Cgg;  libs,  of,  761. 


Counting  and  time-recording  (Thor- 
burn),  398. 

Countryman,  Gratia,  travelling  libs, 
in  Dunn  Co.,  Wis.,  750. 

Courant,  M.,  bibl.  coreenne,  455. 

Cowell,  P:,  lib.  work  40  years  ago, 
396- 

Coxe,  Eckley  B.,  lib.  given  to  Lehigh 
Univ.  L.,  ii2. 

Crafts,  Lettie  M.,  sec.  and  treas. 
Twin  City  L.  Club,  707. 

Crandall,  F.  A.,  Cigo;  proposed  bill 
on  public  documents,  75,  143,  160; 
rpt.  of,  91;  index  to  documents 
(54th  congress,  ist  session)  270,  (54th 
congress,  2d  session)  770;  protest 
against  removal,  180,  (Cal.  L.  As- 
soc.) 308,  (111.  L.  Assoc.)  311;  work 
of,  340,  (A.  L.  A.  resolution)  357, 
Ci54;  reduced  to  1  ibn.  of  Docu- 


Colorado  L.  Assoc.,  Dec.  meeting,  26;        ments  Office,  735-736,  747. 
Jan.    meeting,   94;    Feb.    meeting.     Crandall,  Mary  1.,  ref.  notes  on  cat- 
148-149;  March  meeting,  205;  April        alog  cards,  180. 
meeting,  262-263;  May  meeting,  309;     Crane  P.  L.,  Quincy,  Mass.,  26th  rpt., 
Oct.  meeting,  700;  Nov.  meeting,        273. 

Crawford,  Earl  of,  catalog  of  lib.  of, 
721. 

Crerar  L.    See  John  Crerar  L. 

Crete.    See  Greece. 

Crew,  Florence  B.,  Ci9o. 

Crofton,  F.  B.,  a  hint  in  cataloging, 

^398. 

Cromarty,  Rob.  R.,  Ci9o. 

Crozier,  Lewis,  lib.  bequest  to  Ches- 
ter, Pa.,  323 


752. 

Colorado  State  Hist  Soc.  L.,  proposed, 
449- 

Columbia  Univ.  L.,  N.  Y.,  rpt.,  156; 
closed,  361;  new  building  opened, 
716,  746-747;  publications,  no.  i,  721. 

Columbian  Univ.,  course  in  lib.  sci- 
ence at  (Cutter),  708. 

Columbus,  O.,  lib.  council  organized, 
45-46. 


45-40-  ter,  ra.,  323. 

Columbus  (O.)  P.  School  L.,  travel-     Cruice,  May  Z.,  358.  Ci2i,  Ci22. 
ling  libs,  established,  46;  20th  rpt.,     Crum,  F.  S.    See  Willcox,  W.  F., 


156. 
Communications  (dep.),  6,  76, 128, 180, 

244,  292,  340,  428,  678,  737. 
Compressed  air  illness,  bibl.  of  (Snell), 

220. 

Conant,  Marjory,  407. 
Concord  (Mass.)  F.   P.   L.   bulletin, 


and 


277,  454!  23d  rpt.,  318. 
Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies. 

proposed    index    to    archaeological 

papers,  328. 

Connecticut  F.  P.  L.  Committee,  rpt., 
„  357-358. 
Connecticut  L.  Assoc.,  pint  meeting 

with  New  England  lib.  assns.,  75. 

94-96;    spring    meeting,    309;    fall 

meeting.  700. 
Conover,  Frank,  pres.  O.  L.  Assoc., 

754' 

Cooper,  Louise  B.,  Cigo. 
Co-operation,  in  Hartford  libs.  (Hart), 


Crum,  F.  S. 

Crunden,  Frank  D.,  407. 

Crunden,  F:  M.,  53,  407,  Cigo;  work 
with  schools  at  St.  Louis  P.  L.,  182; 
address  at  Lib.  Section  N.  E.  A., 
197;  vice-pres.  A.  L.  A.,  356,  €148, 
696;  address  at  Internal,  conference, 
39 


Dante,  reading  list  on  (Salem  P.  L.), 
219;  bibl.  of  (Koch),  278. 

Danville  (111.)  P.  L.,  318. 

Dartmouth  College,  instruction  in  bib 
liography  at,  439-440. 

Darton,  N.  H.,  catalog  and  index  of 
geology,  114. 

Davenport,  C:  B.,  bibl.  of,  367. 

Davenport,  Cyril,  royal  English  bind- 
ings, 113. 

Davidson,  H:  E.,  218,  Cigo. 

Davie,  Eleanor  E.,  Cigo. 

Davis,  Florence,  hbn.  Rock vi lie  (Ct.) 
F.  L.,  162. 

Davis,  Mary  L.,  42,  407.  719. 

Dayton  (O.)  P.  L.,  work  with  schools 
at,  (Doren)  190-193,  (Foerste)  341- 
345;  evaluation  of  children's  books 
at,  198-199;  book-mark  used,  199;  lib. 
training  class  at,  714. 

Debates,  bibl.  of  (Brookings,  Ring- 
wait),  55. 

Decatur  (111.)  F.  P.  L.,  449;  removal, 
272. 

Decimal  classification,  (Guillaume) 
113,  (Alden)  162,  (Castillo)  454 ;  in 
bibl.  ostetrica  e  ginecologica  italiana 
(Rossi  Doria),  278;  in  publications 
of  Inst.  Internal,  de  Bibl.,  304-305; 
in  scientific  libs.  (A.  L.  A.  discus- 
sion), Ci2i-i22;  at  L.  A.  U.  K.,  695. 

Decker,  Cora  M.,  Cipo. 

Decoration  and  design,  ref.  list  on 
(Drexel  Inst.  L.),  54. 

Dedham  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  25th  anniver- 
sary, 156. 

Delavan,  Wis.,  lib.  bequest  to,  365. 

Delaware  State  L.,  T:  W.  Jefferson 
appointed  libn.,  218. 

Delivery  stations,  at  street  car  termini 
(St.  Louis  P.  L.),  412.  See  also 
Branch  libraries. 

Deniker,  J.,  bibl.  des  travaux  scien- 
tifiques,  368. 

Denio,  Herbert  W.,  43. 

Denio,  Lilian,  42. 

Dennis,  Annie,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute L.  SchooY,358. 


Cumulative  index,  56,  368,  723. 
Cundall,  Frank,  lib.  work  in  Jamaica, 

398. 

Curran,  Mrs.  M.  H.,  407. 
Curry,  Harriet  E.,  death  of,  53. 
Curtis,  Atherton,  bibl.  of  lithography, 


103;  A.  L.  A.  address,  Cs-n,  Ciis; 

:nildren's  lib.  work,  €157;  com.  on 
lib.  schools,  696;  Poole  memorial 
com.,  696. 

Cuba,  reading  list  on  (Somerville  P.     Dennis,  Carrie  C.,  (Tipo. 
L.),  163.  Dent,  R.  K.,  formation  of  a  ref.  lib., 

Denver  (Colo.)  P.  L.  .exhibit  of  mount- 
ed pictures  for  school-rooms,  90; 
invitation  to  the  public,  105;  co- 
operative medical  catalog,  156,  437; 
special  lists,  163;  proposed  consoli- 

327.  dation  with  City  L.,  761. 

.     Cuspin,  M.  L.,  Ci9o.  Des  Moines  (la.)  P.  L.,  lib.  suit,  46, 

95-96;  in  Providence  libs.  (Foster),     Cutler,  Louisa  S.,  42.  212-213.714. 

96,  344-346;  in  New  Hampshire  libs.  Cutler,  Mary  S.,  Cigo;  information  on  Detroit  (Mich.)  P.  L.,  books  for  the 
(N.  H.  L.  Assoc.  discussion),  100; 
and  specialization  in  Chicago  libs., 
105;  among  libs.  (Larned),  396-397; 
in  cataloging  periodicals (Langton), 
397;  in  indexing  serials  (Tillinghast), 
C82,  _(A.  L.  A.  discussion)  Ci68-  See  also  Fairchild,  Mrs.  E 

Cutter,  C:  A.,  books  of  1896  in  fine  art, 
87-88;  bibl.  of  fine  art  (review),  211- 
212;  exhibitions  in  libs.,  256;  coun- 
cillor A.  L.  A.,  356,  €148,  697;  ex- 
pansive classification,  395;  corporate 


(A.   L.   A.   discussion)  Ci68- 

172,  (Pub.  Sec.)  697. 
Cope,  Grace  E.,  Cigo. 
Cope,  Jessie  E.,  Ci9o. 
Cope,  Mrs.  Lana  H.,  treas.  la.  L.  Soc., 

08. 


Copinger,W.  A.,  bibl.  of  the  Bible,  455.        entry,  432-434. 

-    "'-----'--       Cutter,  W:  P.,  Cioo;  pres.  Washing- 


music  libs',  wanted,  128;  best  biog-  blind,  46;  branch  libs,  recommend- 
raphies  of  1896,  137-138;  engage-  ed,  105;  work  with  schools  (Utley), 
ment,  275;  children  s  libn.,  292;  rpt.  184;  320  rpt.,  213;  bulletin  no.  8,  277. 
of  com.  on  A.  L.  A.  catalog  supple-  De  Vinne,  T.  L.,  407. 
ment,  357,  Cio2-io3;  marriage,  365.  Dewey,  Melvil,  407,  Ci9o;  testimony 
Fairchild,  Mrs.  E.  M.  before  Congressional  L.  com.,  14; 

sec.  A.  L.  A.,  357,  Ci^8,  696;  rela- 
tion of  state  to  public  libs.,  392-393; 
postal  cards  for  lib.  use.  414;  address 
at  public  meeting  A.  L.  A.,  ('117- 
119;  Chautauqua  Lake  for  meeting 


Copyright,  entries  at  Washington, 
suggested  bibliographical  use  of, 
127;  movement  for  additional  de- 
positories (Calif.  L.  Assoc.),  752. 
See  also  U.  S.  Congressional  L. 

Cordelia  A.  Greene  P.  L.,  Castile,  N. 
Y.,  156. 

Corea,  bibl.  coreenne  (Courant),  455. 

Cornell  Univ.  L.,  government  of 
(Harris),  Css-57;  gift  to  State  Veter- 
inary L.,  765. 

Corney,  W.,  bibl.  of  Gregorian  chants, 
769. 

Corporate  entry  :  further  considera- 
tions (Cutter)  432-434,  (Clarke)  434- 
435,  (Schwartz)  737. 

Corwin,  Euphemia  K.,  766. 

Council  Bluffs  (la.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  410. 


ton  L.  Assoc.,  40;  printed  card  in- 
dexes, 103;  book  appropriation  in 
lib.  of  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  Ci63; 
lib.  course  at  Columbian  Univ.,  708. 

Cyanide  process,  bibl.  of,  55. 

Cyprian,  bibl.  of  (Benson),  367. 

Dailey,  Jeannette  W.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  School,  358. 

Dallinger,  F:  W.,  nominations  for 
elective  office,  327. 

Dana,  J:  C.,  Cigo;  children's  reading, 
187-190,  396;  public  and  its  public 
lib.,  409;  com.  on  co-operation  with 
N.  E.  A.,  606;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 
697;  libn.  Springfield  (Mass.)  City 
L.,  766-767. 


place  of  1898  conference,  Ciw,  Ci47; 
election  01  officers,  €133;  N.  Y.  P. 
L.  building,  Ci37-i38;  on  reincor- 
poration  of  A.  L.  A.,  (-141;  co-oper- 
ation with  N.  E.  A.,  Ciss;  invitation 
to  Atlanta,  Ci.ss;  amendment  to 
constitution,  Ciss;  member  Pub. 
Sec.,  696;  councillor  A.  L.  A..  607. 

Dickens,  C:,  bibl.  of  novels  of  (Kit- 
ton),  416. 

Dickinson,  Jos.  R.,  death  of,  414. 

Dictionary  of  nat.  biography  (Lee), 

394- 

Dieserud,  Juul,  libn.  Field  Columbian 
Museum  L.,  162. 

Diggs,  Mrs.  A.  L., state  libn.  of  Kan- 
sas, 767. 

Dill,  Minnie  A.,  (."191;  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  School,  358. 


782 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonym*  follows  this. 


Dinmore,  Julia  C.,  €190. 
Disinfection  of   books   by  vapor  of 

formalin,  388,  756. 

Divining  rod,  bibl.  of  (Barrett),  455. 
Dixon  (III.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  361. 
Dixson,  Mrt.  2.  A., co-operation  coin., 

696;  subject  index  to  prose  fiction, 

709-711. 
Dodge,  Virginia  R.,  €190;  libn's  aids, 

067-70,  €148. 

Docrksen,  Anna  M.,  €190. 
Domestic  service,  bibl.  of  (Salmon), 

278. 
Donnelly,    Ignatius,    opposition    to 

Minn.  lib.  commission  bill,  157. 
Doolittle,  Mary  J.,  death  of,  775,  355; 

in  A.  L.  A.  necrology,  Ciji. 
Doren,  Electra  C.,  school  fibs.,  190- 

193. 
Dortch,    Ellen,   candidate   for   state 

libn.  of  Georgia,  53;  marriage,  453, 

767- 

Dougherty,  Anna  R.,  €190. 
Dousman,  Mary  E.,  work  with  the 

schools  at  Milwaukee  P.  L.,  185-186. 
Dover  (N.  H.)  P.  L.,  i4th  rpt.,ai3. 
Drama,  periodical  index  to  (Pence), 

aao. 

Draper,  Miriam  S.,  43,  €190. 
Drexel  Institute  L.,  Phila.,  ref.  list, 

3»  54* 
Drexel  Institute  L.  Class,   lectures, 

40-41;  graduates,  358;  A.  L.  A.  rpt. 

on.CSg. 
Du  Bois,  W.   E.   B.,  bibl.  of  slave 

trade,  56. 
Du  Bois  Reymond,  Emilc,  lib.  of,  for 

sale,  161. 
Dudley,  C:  R.,  €190;  rpt.  on  lib.  eds. 

of   popular   books,   356,    €145-146; 

com.  on  lib.  eds.,  696. 
Dun  bar,  Paul  L.,  asst.  Congressional 

Duniuric'p7.  L.    See  Barker  F.  L. 
Dunn.  Mrt.  W.  T.,  407. 
Du  Rieu,  Dr.  W.  N.,  death  of,  112. 
Durham  (N.  C.)  P.  L.,  corner-stone 

laid.  714. 
Duvall,  Linda,  libn.  Ohio  Wesleyan 

Univ..  719. 

Dyer,  Mary  C.,  Ci9o. 
Dziatzko,  Dr.  C.,  aid  lent  by  public 

bodies  to  early  printing,  395. 

Eakins,  W:  G:,  407. 

Eames.  WilberforcetCi9o;  what  libns. 
should  read,  35;  vice-pres.  N.  Y.  L. 
Club,  266;  care  of  special  collec- 
tions, C48-52,  €172. 

Earley,  Maude  A.,  treas.  Wis.  L. 
Assoc.,  152. 

Eastern  question,  ref.  list  on  (Bost. 
P.  L.),  325. 

Eastman,  Linda  A.,  Cioo;  work  with 
schools  at  Cleveland  P.  L.,  182-184; 
books  for  mothers'  clubs,  436-437; 
cataloging,  €123;  book-marks,  €127, 
Ci5i;  aims  and  personal  attitude  in 


lib.  work,  C8o-8i,  Cisj;  advertising 
at  Cleveland  P.  L.,  £148-150;  chil- 
dren's lib.  league  at  Cleveland  P. 
L.,  €151-153,686-688. 
Eastman,  W:  R.,  42,  €190;  lib.  prog- 
ress in  N.  Y.  state,  33-34;  sec.  N.  Y. 
State  L.  Assoc.,  35;  classification, 
Ci2i,  €124;  statistics  of  Greater  N. 


Y.  libs.,  745-746. 
-con 
412 


Economics 


745-74 
,  Phi 


la.  F.  L.  of,  started, 


Edgewood  (R.  I.)  F.  P.  L.  A.,  plans 
for  new  building,  410. 

Edmands,  J:,  €190;  N.  Y.  P.  L.  build- 
ing, €137. 

Education,  bibl.  of,  (Brown)  278, 
(Monroe)  758;  catalog  on  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.),  366.  See  also  Peda- 
gogy, Women. 

Edwards,  Mrs.  Jennie,  state  libn.  of 
Missouri,  53. 

Eger,  Bertha,  cataloger  Astor  L.,  42. 


Eilbeck,  Florence  M.,  Ci9o;  graduate 
Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 

Eldora  (la.)  P.  L.,  410. 

Eldridge,  Isabella,  vice-pres.  Ct.  L. 
Assoc.,  94. 

Electricity,  collection  on,  for  sale,  161 ; 
ref.  list  on,  (Lowell  P.  L.)  277,  (Buf- 
falo P.  L.)  768.  (Somerville  P.  L.) 
769.  Ste  also  X-rays. 

Elementary  lib.  work,  A.  L.  A. 
sessions  on,  354,  356,  €121-129,  €148- 

I54- 

Ellington  (Ct.)  F.  L.,  opened,  213. 

Elliott,  Julia  E.,  €190. 

Ellis,  Mary,  42. 

Elmendorfj  H:  L.,  218,  €190;  supt. 
Buffalo  P.  L.,  324;  printing  of  con- 
ference rpts.,  €96.  €97,  Cioi-io2; 
resolution  on  N.  Y.  P.  L.  building, 
€140,  €154;  A.  L.  A.  catalog  supple- 
ment. €146,  €147. 

Elmendorf,  Mrs.  H:  L.,  Cioo;  coun- 
cillor A.  L.  A.,  697. 

Emory  Coll.  L.,  Oxford,  Ga.,  corner- 
stone laid,  320. 

English  excursions  of  Internal,  con- 
ference, 399-407,  690-692. 

English  history,  reading  lists  on  (Os- 
terhout  F.  L.),  54, 163.  219,  277.  366, 
722,  768;  Victorian,  i Somerville  P. 
L.)  722,  (Waltham  P.  L.)  722. 

Engravings,  care  of  (Eames),  Csi. 

Eno,  Joel  N.,  graduate  Pratt  Institute 
L.  School,  358. 

Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.,  branch  6  opened, 
44;  nth  rpt.,  155;  J.  A.  Gary  elected 
pres.  board  of  trustees,  271;  bulletin, 
277,  721;  novels  withdrawn,  448; 
two-book  system,  759. 

Entomology,  bibl.  of  (Henshaw), 
164. 

Erie  (Pa.)  P.  L.,  contract  for  building 
awarded,  105;  comer-stone  laid,  361. 

Erie,  Huron,  and  Michigan,  Lakes, 
bibl.  of  (Mann),  56. 

Evaluation  of  children's  books,  198- 
199. 

Evans,  Aida  T.,  €190;  graduate  Drex- 
el lib.  class,  358. 

Evans,  Alice  G.,  €190. 

Evanston,  111.,  lib.  meeting  at,  46. 

Evanston  (111.)  P.  L.,  mutilation  of 
books  at,  213;  24th  rpt.,  714-715;  an- 
notated finding  list,  721. 

Evolution,  reading  list  on,  (Salem  P. 
L.)  113,  (Lowell  P.  L.)  72i. 

Exchange  system  for  college  publica- 
tions (Adler),  Ci6o,  €162. 

Exclusion  of  sensational  newspapers 
from  libs.,  127,  143;  of  fiction,  127- 
128,  (Stevenson)  133-135,  (Har- 
bourne)  251-252,  (Sterner)  448,  (at 
Bost.  P.  L.)  448. 

Exhibitions  in  libraries  (Cutter),  256; 
lithographs  at  Bridgeport  P.  L.,  44; 
photographs  and  prints  at  Brookline 
P.  L.,  44-45;  art  works  at  Newark 
P.  L.,  48,  717,  at  Phila.  F.  L.,  49; 
oysters  at  Norwalk  P.  L.,  50;  mount- 
ed pictures  for  school-rooms  at 
Denver  P.  L.,  90;  art  loan  exhibit 
at  Bridgeport  P.  L.,  104,  212,  271; 
furniture  at  Case  L.,  105;  art  loan 
exhibit  at  Braddock  Carnegie  L., 
155-156;  art  books  at  N.  Y.  Y.  M.  C. 
A.  L.,  159;  for  school  children  at 
Worcester  P.  L.  (Green),  181;  book 
plates  and  bindings  at  Boston  P.  L., 
271;  drawings  and  plates  at  Forbes 


P.  L.,  714;  posters  at  Port  Huron, 
764. 
Expansive  classification  (Cutter),  395. 

Fairchild,  Rev.  Edwin  M.,  €190; 
methods  of  children's  lib.  work, 
356,  €19-127,  Ci48,  Cis?,  Cis8;  mar- 
riage, 365. 


Fairchild,  Mrs.  E.  M.,  councillor  A. 
L.  A.,  696. 

Fairy  tales,  ref.  list  on  (Somerville 
P.  L.),  55- 

Fair,  Mary  P.,  €190;  sec.  Penna.  L. 
Club,  102;  public  lib.  and  the  child, 
307;  social  side  of  the  conference, 
€175-176;  the  American  post-confer- 
ence, €185-188. 

Farrand,  L.  See  Warren,  H.  C.  and 
Karrand,  L. 

Farrar,  H:,  proposed  indexes  to  obit- 
uaries, etc.,  368,  456. 

Fassig,  Oliver  L.,  contributions  to 
bibl.  of  meteorology,  314,  346-347. 

Faxon,  F:  W.,  €190;  bibl.  of  ephem- 
eral bibelots,  416;  Magazine  of 
Western  Hist.,  738. 

Fell,  Marion  D.,  €190. 

Fell,  Mrs.  Mary  A.,  €190. 

Fellows,  Jennie  D.,  cataloger  Worces- 
ter (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.,  447. 

Fenelon,  bibl.  of  (Ramsay),  769. 

Fernald,   Harriet   C.,   42;    marriage, 

Ferris,  Phoebe,  lib.  bequest  to  Lin- 
wood,  O.,  51-52. 

Fiction,  Mass,  lists  of,  31,  98-100,  128, 
149,  263-264;  exclusion  of,  127-128, 
(Stevenson)  133-135,  759,  (Har- 
bourne)  251-^252,  (Steiner)  448;  best 
of  1896  (Haines),  140-142;  lib.  edi- 
tions of,  355;  in  A.  L.  A.  list  (Haines), 
€109-112;  Dixson's  subject  index  to 
(review),  709-711;  reading  of,  at 
Carnegie  F.  L.,  Allegheny,  713;  ref. 
list  on  Eng.  (San  Francisco  P.  L.), 
722,  768. 

Field,  Mrs.  Fanny,  407. 

Field,  Miss  L.  A.,  treas.  Ga.  L.  Club, 
310. 

Findlay,  J.  A.,  bibl.  of  T:  Arnold,  455. 

Fine  art,  bibl.  of  (Sturgis,  Krehbiel), 
55-56.  113-114,  211-212;  books  of  1896 
on  (Cutter),  87-88;  ref.  list  on  paint- 
ing (Paterson  P.  L.),  163;  discussion 
of  A.  L.  A.  list  in  (James),  €103-105. 

Fines,  lib.,  discussed  by  Mass.  L. 
Club,  444,  703. 

Fisher,  Susanne,  €190. 

Fisk  F.  and  P.  L.,  New  Orleans 
48,  76,  (Beer),  €32-34,  €155;  open- 
ing, 89-90;  use  of,  158;  transfer  of 
state  lib.  to.  215;  reopened,  763. 

Fitchburg  (Mass.)  P.  L.  bulletins,  113, 
277.  366,  464,  768. 

Fitz  P.  L.,  Chelsea,  Mass.,  rpt.,  271; 
bequest  to,  323. 

Fitzgerald,  D:,  death  of,  757,  767. 

Fletcher,  F.  Richmond,  €190;  letter 
to  Institut  Internal,  de  Bibl.,  €140. 

Fletcher,  W:  I:,  Cg9,  Cioo;  testimony 
before  Congressional  L.  com.,  15, 
76;  chairman  of  com.  on  indexes  to 
periodicals,  96,  €154-155;  annual 
literary  index,  164;  rpt.  Publishing 
Section  1896-97,  351,  €95-96,  €97; 
councillor  A.  L.  A.,  356,  €148;  reply 
to  article  on  corporate  entry  by, 
(Cutter)  432-434,  (Clarke)  434-435! 
appropriation  for  Pub.  Sec.,  €146; 
A.  L.  A.  catalog  supplement,  €147; 
resolution  on  supt.  of  pub.  docs., 
€154;  address  as  chairman  College 
Section,  €159-160;  classification, 
€165;  index  prospects  and  possibili- 
ties, €61-62,  Ci68;  member  Pub. 
Sec.,  696;  councillor  A.  L.  A.,  697; 
Poole  memorial  com.,  696;  public 
lib.  movement,  713;  Poole's  index, 
1892-1896,  724,  770. 

Fletcher  F.  L.,  Burlington,  Vt.,  212. 

Flint,  Col.  Weston,  Cioo;  lib.  clearing- 
house, Cioi. 

Florence,  reading  list  on  (Salem  P. 
L.),  219. 

Floyd-Jones  L.,  Massapequa,  L.  I., 
opened,  47. 

Foerste,  A:  F.,  the  public  school  and 
the  public  lib.,  341-344. 


THE   LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


783 


The  index-to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 

Foley,  P.   K.,  bibl.  of  Am.  authors,         bequests,  696;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 

326.  696. 

Fonseca,   M.  A.  da,  diet,  of  Portu-     Garnett,  Dr.  R:,  beginning  of  Euro- 
pean printing  in  the  east,  392;  on 
Panizzi,  695. 
Gary,  Ja.  A.,  pres.  board  of  trustees, 

Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.,  271. 

.  .  „.  „  Gates,  H.  W.,  CIQI;  book  appropri- 

L.,  719.  ation  in  college  libs.,  Ci64. 

Forbes  L.,  Northampton,  Mass.,  rpt.,     Gay,  Frank  B.,  pres.  Ct.  L.  Assoc., 

94;  value  of  maps,  346. 
Gay,  Helen  K.,  CIQI. 
Genealogies,  list  of  Am.  (Glenn),  327; 
(N.  Y.  P.  L),  721-722,  768;  plan  for 
collecting  records  of  (NewberryL.), 
44Q- 
Gentleman's  Magazine^    indexes    to 


guese  pseudonyms,  456. 

Foods,  bibl.  of  (Blyth),  220. 

Foote,  Eliz.  L.,  42;  libn.  of  the  Sun- 
day-school (review),  711;  children's 
home  libs.,  713;  cataloger  N.  Y.  P. 


215-216;  exhibit.  273. 
Ford,  Paul  L.,  American  catalogue, 


1890-1895  (review),  269. 

Ford  City,  Pa.,  lib.  given  to,  51. 

Foreign  books  in  libs.,  Bohemian  at 
Chic.  P.  L.,  45;  per  cent,  of  use  at 
Detroit  P.  L.,  46;  Hungarian  at 
Chic.  P.  L..  361;  Bohemian  at  Web- 
ster F.  L.,  N.  Y.,  362,  at  Milwaukee 
P.  L.,  715. 

Foreign  documents,  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on, 
Ci43-i44- 

Forestport  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  dedicated, 
105. 

Formalin  as  a  book  disinfectant,  388, 
756. 

Forsyth.  W.  G.,  42. 

Foster,  W:  E.,  Cigo;  co-operation  in 
Providence  libs.,  96,  344-346;  de- 
veloping a  taste  for  good  literature, 
245-251;  councillor  A.  L.  A.,  356, 
Ci48;  address  at  public  meeting,  A. 
L.  A.,  Cn6-ii7;  sec.  A.  L.  A.  coun- 
cil, Ci4s;  program  com.  College 
Section,  Ci72j  finance  com.,  696; 
reporter  on  buildings,  696;  coun- 
cillor A.  L.  A.,  697;  books  on  local 


obituaries  and  marriages  in,  31 
Geology,  catalog  and  index  of  (Dar- 


ford  P.  L.)  277,  (Waltham  P.  L.) 
277,  326,  722,  769,  (Osterhout  L.) 
277,  (Bost.  P.  L.)  325. 

Green,  Bernard  R.,  rpt.  on  U.  S. 
Congressional  L.,  in;  appointed 
supt.  of  Congressional  L.,  340,  365. 

Green,  Emanuel,  bibl.  of  Somerset- 
shire, 278. 

Green,  Margaret,  407. 

Green,  R:,  bibl.  of  the  Wesleys,  456. 

Green,  S:  S.,  CIQI;  work  between  lib. 
and  schools  at  Worcester  F.  P.  L., 
181;  endowment  fund,  Cg?;  resolu- 
tion on  printing  conference  rpts., 
Cio2;  resolution  on  finance  com., 
Ci3I-i32;  N.  Y.  P.  L.  building, 
C  139-140. 

Greenville,  Mich.,  public  lib.  estab- 


ton), 114;  catalogue  des  bibl.  g<*olo-     Greenwich  (Ct.)  P.  L.,  gift  to,  323. 
giques,  164;  bibl.  of  Virginia  (Wat-     Greenwood,  T:,  lib.  year-book,  1897 


son),  164. 
Geography,  annales  de  (Vidal  de  la 

Blache),  723. 
Georgia,  lib.  movement  in,  2gi-2g2; 

lib.  commission  bill  passed,  762. 
Georgia  L.  Club,  organization,  309- 


(review),  711-712. 
Gregorian  chants,  bibl.  of  (Corney), 

760. 
Griffin,  Appleton  P.  C.,  catalog  of 

Washingtoniana  in   Bost.  Athenae- 

um, 54,  720;  asst.  libn.  Congression- 


310;  first  annual  meeting,  700-701;        al  L.,  427,  453. 

name  changed  to  Georgia  L.  Assoc.,     Griswold,  AHce  S.,  358,  ( 

701.  Gross,  C:   bibl,  of  Briti 


CIQI. 

ish  municipal 
hist.,  769. 
Grover,  Rev.  Ja.  L.,  gist  birthday,  53; 

death  of,  324. 

Guillaume,  C:  E.,  decimal  classifica- 
tion, 113. 


Georgia  State  L.,  candidates  for  state 
libn.,  53;  J.  E.  Brown  appointed 
libn.,  766. 

Gerhard,  W:  P.,  bibl.  of  house  drain- 
age, 455. 
Germany,  reading  list  on  (Waltham 

P.  L.),  163,  2ig. 
Getchell,  M.   S.,  Study  of  mediaeval 

hist.,  723. 

Gibson,  Anne  L.,  CIQI. 
Giddings,  Franklin  H.,  books  of  1896 
in  social  science,  85-86. 

---,„-„-  Gifford,  W:  L.  R.,  vice-pres.  Mass.  — ,       , .,  f-- 

Fowler,  Mary,  407.  L.  Club,  704.  and  Portugal,  455. 

Foye,  Charlotte  H.,  asst.  John  Crerar     Gifts  and  bequests  (dep.),  51,  112,  162,     Hagar,  Sarah  C.,  Cigi. 

Hagginbotham,  May,  CIQI. 
Haines,  Helen    E.,  Cio?,  Cigi;  best 
fiction  of  1896,  140-142;  recorder  A. 


industries,  737;  children's  room  of 

Providence  P.  L.,  738. 
Foulche'-Delbosc,  R.,"bibl.   des  voy- 

ages en  Espagne  et  Portugal,  164. 
Fowier,  Mrs.  Clara  B.,  succeeded  at 

Los  Angeles  P.  L.,  325. 


Gynecology,  bibl.  ostetrica  e  gineco- 
logia  itahana  (Rossi  Doria),  278. 

Hackett,  Irene  A.,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute L.  School,  358;  libn.  Brook- 
lyn Y.  M.  C.  A.  L.,  767. 

Hadley,  Anna,  Cigi. 

Haebler,  K.,  Early  printers  of  Spain 


L.,  40. 

Francis,  Mary,  407. 
Franco-Russian  war,  bibl.  of  (Palat), 

164. 
Frankfort-on-Main,    City    L.,   Frey- 

tag's  lib.  given  to,  161. 
Franklin  and  Marshall  Coll.  L.,  site 

for  new  building  chosen,  106;  be- 

quest to,  162;  corner-stone  laid,  318. 
Franklin    Institute    L.,    changes   at, 

450. 
French  literature,  literary  movement 

in  France  (Pellissier),  327. 
Freytag,  Gustav,    his  lib.   given  to 

Frankfort-on-Main,  161. 
Frickj  Eleanor  H.,  libn.  Am.  Soc.  of 

Civil  Engineers,  767. 
Friedenwald,  Herbert,  care  of  mss., 

C  52-55,  Cip;  supt.    of  mss.,  Con- 


218,  274,  323,  365,  452,  765. 

Gifts  and  bequests,  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on, 
(Hewins)  352,  Cgo-gs. 

Gilbert,  Price,  vice-pres.  Ga.  L.  Club, 
310. 

Gilchrist,  T.  C.,  bibl.  of  X-rays,  278. 

Gilkey,  Mary  A.,  exec.  com.  Wash- 
ington L.  Assoc.,  40. 

Glen  Haven  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  449"45°- 

Glenn,  J:  M.,  CIQI. 

Glenn,  T:  A.,  list  of  Am.  genealogies, 


L.  A.,  356,  £148,  696;  rpt.  of  A.  L. 

A.  conference,  350-357;  fiction  in  A. 

L.  A.  list,  Cioa-ii2;  catalogs,  Ci2s; 

Dixson's   subject    index  to  fiction 

(review),  709-711. 
Hale  Memorial  L.,  Matunuck,  R.  I., 

dedication,  411. 
Hall,  Col.  Daniel,  vice-pres.  N.  H.  L. 

Assoc.,  loo. 


327.  ASSOC.,  IOO. 

Gfiddon,  de  Putron,  407;  why  there     Hamburg  (N.Y.)  F.  L.,  opened,  47. 


was  no  strike,  439. 
Gloucester,  Mass.,  lib.  building  given 

to,  715. 
Gloversville  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.,  i7th  rpt., 

361. 
Godfrey,  Lydia  B.,  42. 


gfessional  L.,  719.  Goding,  Sarah  E.,  CIQI. 

Friends'  F.  L.,  Germantown,  Phila.,     Goethe,  ref.  list  on  (Salem  P.  L.),  768. 

Goodison,  Alice  G.,  CIQI. 
Gould,  C:  H..  407;  libs,  of  Montreal, 
3Q8;  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on  foreign  docu- 
ments, Ci43-i44;  foreign  documents 
com.,  696. 

Gould,    G:    L.,    and   Pyle,    W.    L., 

367, 455, 769.  Anomalies  of  medicine,  367.  \-iuo,  310. 

Fumagalli,   G..    and  Ottino,  G.,  Bi-     Government  documents.    See  Public     Harlem   L.,  New  York  City,  made 

bliotheca  bibliografica  Italica,  455.          documents. 
Furchheim,  F.,  bibl.  della  Campan-     Government  _Printing  Office,  Wash- 


rpt.,  318. 
Frothingham,  F.  G.,  lib.  bequest  to 

Paulina,  la.,  52. 
Fryer,  J:,  libs,  and  literature  of  China, 

25- 
Full  names,  55,  113,  163,  219,  277,  326, 

,367,  455,769; 


Hamilton  (Ontario,  Can.)  P.  L.,  cat- 

alog, 415. 
Hancock,  Hfiss£.  G.,  women  as  libns., 

308. 
Handwriting,    deciphering    colonial 

(Bolton),  768. 
Hanson,  Ja.  C.,  CIQI;  chief  of  catalog 

dept.,  Congressional  L.,   427,  453; 

index  to  serials,  Ci6a. 
Hanson,  Laura  E.,  CIQI;    graduate 

Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 
Harbourne,  J:,  weeding  out  fiction, 

251-252. 
Harden,  Judge  W:,  vice-pres.  Ga.  L. 

Club,  310. 


ia,  769. 

Gabel,  J:  C.,  Cigo. 

Galbreath.  C.  B.,  Cigo. 

Galena  (111.)  P.  L.,  2d  rpt.,  157. 

Gallaher,  Kate  A.,  Cigi. 

Galliner,  Mrs.  Hannah  R.,  death  of, 
719. 

Gait,  Ontario  (Can.)  P.  L.  opened, 
in. 

Galveston,  Tex.,  Rosenberg  lib.  be- 
quest, 76. 

Garland,  Caroline  H.,  trials  of  the 
libn.,  129-132  ;  reporter  on  gifts  and 


ington,  D.  C.,  lib.  for,  364. 
Graffen,  Jean  E.,  CIQI. 
Grand    Rapids   (Mich.)  P.   L.,  civil 

service  rules  introduced,  106. 
Grant,  U.  S.,  ref.  list  on  (Salem  P.  L.), 

277. 
Graves   P.  L.,    Mendota,    III.,  rpt., 

362- 

Greater  N.  Y.,  lib.  statistics  of,  745- 
746. 

Greece,  bibl.  helldnique  (Legrand), 
164;  and  Crete,  ref.  list  on,  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.)  2ig,  (Salem  P.  L.)  219, 
(Jersey  City  P.  L.)  277,  (New  Bed- 


., 

free,  411  ;  circulation,  745. 
Harris,  G:W:,  CIQI;  government  and 


control  of  college  libs.,  C  55-57, 
Ci6i;  book  selection  in  college  fibs., 
Ci63;  college  instruction  in  bibli- 
ography, Ci67;  program  com.  Col- 
lege Section.  Cya. 

Harris,  Isabella,  CIQI. 

Harris  Institute  L.,  Woonsocket,  R. 
I.,  in. 

Harrison,  Joseph  LeRoy,  42;  reporter 
on  legislation,  696. 

Harsh,  G:,  lib.  bequest  to  Massillon, 
O.,  323. 

Hart,  Rev.  S:,  co-operation  in  Hart- 
ford libs.,  95-96. 


7  84 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Hart  Memorial  L.,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  ded- 
icated, 321-322. 

Hartford  (Ct.)  P.  L.,  49th  rpt.,  715; 
bulletin,  721. 

Hartman,  Laura  M.,  €191. 

Hartwell,  Mary  A.,  €191. 

Harvard  Univ.  L.,  proposed  memo- 
rial to  Prof.  Child,  157. 

Harvardiana,  classification  of  (Nel- 
son), €4^48,  Ci6s. 

Harvey,  Eliz.,  42. 

Harvey,  L.  D.,  pres.  Lib.  Section  N. 
B.  A.,  389. 

Harwood  P.  L.,  Wauwatosa,  Wis., 
given  to  town,  718. 

Hasse,  Adelaide  K.,  €191;  vice-ores. 
Wash.  L.  Assoc.,  40;  goes  to  N.  Y. 
P.  L.,  275;  card  catalog  assorting 
device,  324;  minority  rpt.  A.  L.  A. 
com.  on  clearing-house,  352,  Cioo- 

IOI. 

Hastings,  C.  H.,  €191. 
Hawaiian  Islands,  ref.  list  on  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.),  415,  (New  Bedford  P. 
L.)768. 

Hawes,  Clara  S.,  42,  €191. 
Hawks,  Emma  B. ,  bibl.  of  poultry,  723. 
Hawley,  Frances  B.,  Cigi;  graduate 

Pratt  Institute  L.  School,  358. 
Hawley,  Mary  E.,  42,  407. 
Hawthorne,  Nath.,  bibl.  of,  723. 
Hayes,  J:  S.,  €191;  state  insistence  on 

lib.  support,  444. 

Hayes,  Rutherford  P.,  Cioi;  testi- 
mony before  Congressional  L.  com., 
15;  rpt.  as  sec.  A.  L.  A.,  351,  €94; 
ist  vice-pres.  A.  L.  A.,  356,  0148, 
696;  publications  of  state  of  Ohio 
(review),  712  ;  acting  pres.  A  L.  A., 
735;  Ohio  L.  Commission.  753-754- 
Haynes,  Frances  P.,  libn.  Levi  Hey- 

wood  L.,  Gardner,  Mass.,  720. 
Hayward,  Celia  A.,  women  as  cata- 
logers.  308;  libn  Galesburg  (111.)  P. 
L  ,  767. 

Hazeltine.  Mary  E.,  Cigi;   advertis- 
ing a  library,  C74-79,  €148;  invita- 
tion to  Chautauqua  for  1898  con- 
ference, CM?. 
Healy,  Rev.  J.  J..  lib.  building  given 

to  Gloucester,  Mass.,  715. 
Heard,  Mrs.  Eugene,  vice-pres.  Ga. 

L.  Club,  310. 
Hearst,  Mrs.  Phoebe,  lib.    given  to 

Lead,  S.  D.,  361. 
Helena  (Mont.)  P.  L.,  106;  reopened, 

318;  administration  of,  762. 
Hempstead  (L.  I.)  Circulating  L.  A., 

8th  rpt,  47. 
Hempstead  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  dedicated, 

318. 
Henderson,  C.   R.,  Social    spirit    in 

Am.,  723. 
Henderson,  Lucia  T.,  Cigi;  graduate 

Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 
Henderson,   Maude  R.,  Cigi;  in  N. 

Y.  P.  L.,  40. 
Henry,  Prof.  W.   E.,  state  libn.   of 

Indiana,  218. 
Hensel,  Martin,  Ci9i;   treas.  O.  L. 

Assoc.,  754. 
Henshaw,  S:,  bibl.    of  entomology, 

164. 
Herbert,  Mary  C.,  libn.  Baltimore  P. 

School  L.,  365. 
Herzog,  Alfr.  C.,  Cigi. 
Hess,  Mrs.  F.  H.,  Cigi;  school  in- 
struction in  bibliography,  Ci67. 
Hewins,  Caroline  M.,  407;  children's 
books  of  1896,  194-106 ;  books  for 
boys  and  girls,  211;  children's  read- 
ing, 396;  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on  gifts  and 
bequests,  Coo-93;  children's  books 
in  A.  L.  A.  list,  CioS-iog;  reporter 
on  children's  rooms,  606;  councillor 
A.  L.  A.,  697. 
Heyd,    W:,    bibl.    der    Wurtember- 

gischen  geschichte,  723. 
Heydrick,  Josephine,  Ci22,  Cigi; asst. 
sec.  Ct.  L.  Assoc.,  94. 


Hickcox,  J:  H.,  list  of  government 
publications,  16-17;  death  of,  112- 
113. 

Hila,  F.  H.,  co-operation  com.,  696. 
Hill,  Frank  P.,  407;  organization  and 
management  of  a  lib.  staff,  381-383; 
pres.  N.  J.  L.  Assoc.,  705. 

Hill,  Mrs.  Frank  P.,  407. 

Hill,  Gertrude  P.,  cataloger  N.  Y.  P. 
L.,  275. 

Hillegas,  Irene  D.,  CIQI. 

Hills,  W:  J.,  407. 

Hinsdale,  Leonora  J.,  Cioi. 

History,  material  for  local  (Thwaites), 
82;  books  of  1896  in  (Larned),  136- 
137:  of  the  i7th  century,  bibl.  (U.  S. 
N.  Y.),  415;  bibl.  notes  on  Am.,  416; 
books  in  A.  L.  A.  list  (Larned). 
Cio6  -  108  ;  study  of  mediaeval 
(Getchell),723. 

Hitchcock,  Julia,  vice-pres.  O.  L. 
Assoc.,  754. 

H  itchier,  Theresa,  treas.  N.  Y.  L. 
Club,  266;  catalog  of  Mahattan  East 
Side  Mission  F.  C.  L.,  721. 

Hoag.  F.  J.,  Cigi. 

Hoagland.  Merica,  co-operation  be- 
tween libs,  and  clubs,  200-201. 

Hoboken  (N.  J.)  P.  L.,  opening  of 
new  building,  157,  200. 

Hodge,  F.  W.,  bibl  of  Navaho  folk- 
lore, 770. 

Hoffman,  C:  W.,  death  of,  53. 

Holbrook  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  destroyed  by 
fire,  157. 

Holden,  E:  S.,  bibl.  of  mountain  ob- 
servatories, 327. 

Holmes,  Oliver  Wendell,  ref.  list  on 
(New  Bedford  P.  L.),  325. 

Home  libraries,  established  by  Civic 
Centre,  Washington,  50;  for  chil- 
dren (Foote),  713. 

Hopkins,  Anderson  H.,  pres.  Chic.  L. 
Club,  209  ;  rpt.  of  com.  on  lib. 
schools,  087-90. 

Hopson,  Ema  K.,  43. 

Hornellsville  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.,  29th  rpt., 
318. 

Hosmer,  Dr.  J.  K.,  Cio7-io8,  Cigi; 
discussion  of  A.  L.  A.  catalog  sup- 
plement, 353,  Cioa  ;  portfolio  of 
architectural  details,  Cios;  invita- 
tion to  Minneapolis.  Ci32,  0147;  N. 
Y.  P.  L.  building,  0138-139. 

Houghton,  A.  C  ,  gift  to  North  Ad- 
ams P.  L.,  766. 

House  drainage,  bibl.  of  (Gerhard), 

Houssaye,  Arsene,  bibl.  of  (Lemaitre), 

723. 
Houston,  D:  F.,  bibl.  of  nullification, 

56- 
Houston,  Tex.,  library  day  observed, 

Howell,  A.  C.,  libn.  Iowa  City  (la.) 
P.  L.,  53- 

Howells,  W:  D..  bibl.  of  (Lee),  220. 

Howland  L.,  Fishkill  Landing,  N. 
Y.,  rpt.,  46. 

Hubbard  F.  L.,  Hallowell,  Me.,  gift 
to,  318. 

Hubner,  C:  W.,  sec.  Ga.  L.  Club,  310. 

Hull,  Fanny,  408. 

Humors  and  blunders  (dep.),  114, 
220,  328,  456,  726. 

Humphrey,  Mrs.  Edith,  graduate 
Pratt  Institute  L.  School,  358. 

Humphreys,  Arth.  L.,  the  private  lib., 
713,  766. 

Huntmgton,  C.  P.,  gift  to  Univ.  of 
Cal.  L.,452. 

Huntington  (L.  I.)  L.  A.,  zzd  rpt.,  106. 

Hurd,  F:,  vice-pres.  Ct.  L.  Assoc.,  94. 

Hutcheson,  D:,  supt.  of  reading-room, 
Congressional  L.,  414. 

Hutchms,  F.  A.,  51;  lib.  legislation  in 
Wisconsin,  255-256;  sec.  Wis.  F.  L. 
Commission,  262  ;  local  supervision 
of  travelling  libs.,  017-18,  0143;  re- 
porter on  travelling  libs.,  696. 


Hutchins,  J.  C.,  trustee  endowment 
fund,  696. 

Hutchinson,  C:  H.,  408. 

Hutchinson  (Kan.)  P.  L.,  organized, 
47;  opened,  106. 

Hyde  P.  L.,  Sturbridge,  Mass.,  dedi- 
cation, 413,  764. 

Idle,  T:  W.,  sec.  N.  Y.  L.  Club,  266. 

lies,  G:,  ed.  bibl.  of  fine  art,  55-56, 
113-114,  211-212;  art  of  large  giving, 
'SS;  gift  of  $1000  to  A.  L.  A.  Pub. 
Sec.,  351 ;  appraisal  of  literature, 
399;  oner  to  Pub.  Sec.,  095-96; 
member  Pub.  Sec  ,  696. 

Ilion  (N.  Y.)  F.  P.  L.,  ioth  rpt.,  410. 

Illinois,  lib.  legislation  in,  27-28,  (Will- 
cox)  29,  31,  106,  214,  310,  Cis6. 

Illinois  College,  Jones  Memorial  L., 
Jacksonville,  111.,  corner-stone  laid, 

Illinois  State  Hist.  L.,  4th  biennial 
rpt..  450. 

Illinois  State  L.  Assoc.,  2d  meeting, 
26-29  ;  spring  meeting,  263,  310-311. 

Illustration,  modern  methods  of 
(Mass.  L.  Club),  263-264. 

Imhoff,  Ono  M.,  Oigi. 

Importer,  the  libn.  and  the  (Lemcke), 
355,  Ci2-i6. 

Index  prospects  and  possibilities 
(Fletcher),  C6i-62,  Ci68 

Indexes,  necessity  of  adequate,  76, 
292,  (Tandy)  88,  303  ;  resolution  re- 
garding indexes  to  periodicals,  (Cal. 
L.  Assoc.)  94,  (Ct.  L.  Assoc.)  96,  (A. 
L.  A.)  357,  CiS4;  on  printed  cards 
(Cutter;,  103 ;  considered  by  A.  L. 
A.  co-operation  com.  (Tillinghast), 
128 ;  to  portraits,  253-255,  302,  347- 
348,  697;  books  without,  328,  416  ;  of 
meteorology  (Fassig),  346-347;  co- 
operative, to  serials  (A.  L.  A.  dis- 
cussion), 0168-172,  697. 

Indexes  (dep.',  56,  164,  220,  328,  368, 
416,  466,  723,  770. 

India,  libs,  and  literature  of  (Cole- 
man),  25;  bibl.  of  (Literature),  770. 

Indiana,  lib.  legislation  in,  31,  106, 
214. 

Indiana  L.  Assoc.,  annual  meeting, 
29^31. 

Indiana  State  L.,  biennial  rpt.,  214; 
W.  E.  Henry  elected  libn.,  218;  rpt. 
on  changes  at,  762. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  public  lib.  opened 
in  West  Indianapolis,  157. 

Indianapolis  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  2^d  rpt., 
450;  supplement  no.  2  to  finding  list, 

Indicator -catalog  charging  system 
(Schwartz),  397. 

Ink,  use  of,  in  libs.,  743. 

Insect  Life,  index  to,  724. 

Institut  International  de  Bibjiogra- 
phie,  2d  conference,  200,  349;  invita- 
tion to  A.  L.  A.,  261,  307,  Ci4o;  pub- 
lications of,  304-305;  bifatiographica 
astronomica,  367. 

International  cataloging,  for  litera- 
ture of  applied  science,  54;  London 
conference  on  (Billings)  210,  (Adler) 
454,  Cs8-6o,  Ci68;  publications  of 
Institut  Internal,  de  Bibl.,  304-305. 

International  library  conference,  3, 
43, 


243,  379.  39I~399.;  (Bowker)  707;  rpt. 
of  European  trip  com.,  23-24  ;  itin- 
erary, travel  arrangements,  etc., 
146-147,  203,  258;  later  notes  on,  260- 
261,  307;  rpt.  of  post-conference, 
etc.,  399-407,  690-692;  attendance 
register  of  Americans,  407-408;  an 
incident  of  the,  439,  724. 

Interstate  lib.  meeting,  plan  for,  387. 

Iowa  City  (la.)  P.  L.,  opened,  106;  tax 
levied  for  lib.  support,  157. 

Iowa  L.  Assoc.,  7th  annual  meeting, 
97-98;  incorporation,  263;  announce- 
ment of  8th  annual  meeting,  443;  8th 
annual  meeting,  701-702. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 

The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 

Iowa  Masonic  L.,  Cedar  Rapids,  448;        soc.  collections  to,  157;  Mrs.  A.  L. 

bulletin,  768.  Diggs  appointed  libn.,  767. 

Iowa  State  L.,  travelling  libs,  at,  361.     Kates,  Clarence  S.,  Cigi. 
Iowa  State  Univ.   L.,  destroyed  by     Keating,  Geraldine,  408. 
fire,  361;  refusal  of  tax  to  rebuild,     Keidel,  G:  C.,  bibl.  of  ^Esopic  litera- 
ture, 326. 
Keiffer,  Prof.  J:  B.,  Cigi. 


785 


Lawrence  (Mass.)    P.   L.,  2$th  rpt., 

361. 
Lawrenceville  branch,  Carnegie  L., 


irving.w    M.,  DIDI.  01  milk,  367.  Keitter,  Prof.  J:  a.,  Cigi. 

Italy,  Bibliotheca  bibliographica  Ita-     Kekule",  Prof.  V.,  private  lib.  of,  51. 


Pittsburgh,  plans  for,  157,  440-441. 
awson-McGhee       L.,       Ki 
Tenn.,  reopened,  318. 


lica  (Ottino,  Fumagalh),  455. 

Jackson,  Anna,  Cigi. 

Jackson,  Annie  B.,  42;  are  books  on 
local  industries unnecessaryin  libs.?, 
244,  737- 

Jamaica,  W.  I.,  lib.  work  in  (Cundall), 
398. 

James,  Hannah  P.,  408,  Cigi,  768;  vice- 
pres.  A.  L.  A.,  356,  6148,  696;  train- 
ing for  lib.  work,  393  ;  discussion  of 
A.  L.  A.  list  in  fine  art,  C 103-105; 
councillor  A.  L.  A.,  696. 


Leach,  I.  S.,  vice-pres.  111.  L.  Assoc. 

Kellogg  P.  L.,  Green  Bay,  Wis.',  rpt.,  Lead,  S.  D.,  lib.  given  to,  361. 

v1^'   tr  T>  Leadville  (Colo.)  P.  L.  A.  organized, 

Kelly,  H.  T.,  Cigi.  214;  incorporated,  450. 

Kelso,  Alice  M.,  Cigi.  Leavitt,  Maria  V.,  at  Astor  L.,  49. 

Kelso,  Tessa  L.,  Cigi,  767;  women  in  Le  Crone,  Anna  L.,  408,  CIQI. 

lib.    work,  308;    cataloging,    Ci26;  Lectures  on  lib.  topics  at  Minneapo- 

book-marks,  Ci26;  reincorporation  113,107.    See  also  Library  extension. 

of  A.  L.   A.,  Ci4i;  children's  lib.  Lee,  Alb.,  bibl.  of  W.  D.  Howells, 


leagues, 
Kenosha  (Wis.)  P.  L.  A.,  istrpt.,  107, 

Keokuk(Ia.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  450. 
Kephart,  Horace,  notation  for  books, 


Lee,  Sidney,  dictionary  of  nat.  biog- 
raphy, 394. 
Lee,  Verne  J.,  408. 
Leeds  (Eng.)  P.  (F.)  Ls.,  27th  rpt., 


T     „,.         ir      c      T%         f^  t-        i  —    x °  '  \-  •/    —  —  I     -/«.     -r-*t 

James,  Miss  M.  S.  R.,  Cigi ;  book-  739-741-  451. 

pocket   devised    by,    Ci26  ;    book-  Kerfen,  P:,  bequest  to  Franklin  and  Legrand,  £mile,  bibl.  hellfSnique,  164. 

marks,  Ci27.  Marshall  Coll.  L.,  162.  Lehigh  Univ.  L.,  gift  of  Coxe  lib.  to, 

James,  W:  J.,  Cigi;  periodicals,  Ci6i,  Kimball,  Arth.   R.,  asst.  libn.  Con-  112. 


Ci62j  college  instruction  in  bibli- 
ography, Ci67~i68. 

James  Prendergast  F.  L.,  Jamestown, 
N.  Y.,  founder's  day,  47;  lib.  league 
at,  693". 

Janesville  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  450. 

Japan,  bibl.  of  (Knapp),  327. 

Jaquith,  A.  B.,  CIQI. 

Jaquith,  Mrs.  A.  B.,  Cigi. 


gressional  L.,  427,  453. 
Kimball,  W:  C.,  Cigi;  vice-pres,  N. 

J.  L.  Assoc.,  705. 

Kimberley  (So.  Africa)  P.  L.,  323. 
King,  Ellen,  Cigi. 
Kingston,  N.  H.,  lib.  gift  to,  452. 
Kite,  Agnes  C.,  Cigi. 
Kite,  Anna  W..  Cigi. 
Kitton,  F.  J.,  bibl.  of  Dickens,  416. 


„„,,...„.,  „..„.,.  „,..  „.,  ~IJ,A.  ,     .    .,         .  ,       . 

Jefferson,  T:  W.,  state  libn.  of  Dela-     Knapp,  A.   M.",  Feudal  and  modern 

ware,  218. 
Jenks,  H:  A.,  408. 
Jenks,  Rev.  H:  S.,  408. 


Japan.  327. 
Koch,  T.  W.,  bibl.  of  Dante,  278. 


Jermain,  Mrs.  F.  D.,  vice-pres.  O.  L. 

Assoc.,  754. 
Jersey  City  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.,  6th  rpt., 

214;  Record  pub.  by,  277;  books  for 

the  blind,  318. 
Jervis  L.,  Rome,  N.  Y.,  2d  rpt.,  50; 

rpt.,  six  months,  451. 
Jesuit  relations  (Thwaites),  114,  314- 

315- 
Jewett  Norris  F.   L.,  Trenton,  Mo., 


K 


Leicester  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  Sunday  open- 
ing, 214. 

Leland  Stanford  Jr.  Univ.  L.,  course 
in  bibliography  at,  361;  gift  to,  452; 
record  of,  743. 

Lemcke,  Ernst,  Cig2;  the  libn.  and 
the  importer,  355,  Ci2-i6,  Ci45. 

Lemcke,  Mrs.  Ernst,  CiQ2. 

Lenox  L.  See  N.  Y.  P.  L.— Astor, 
Lenox,  and  Tilden  foundations. 

Leonard,  Grace  F.,  42;  bibl.  of  hist, 
of  i7th  century,  415. 


H.  L.,  mastery  of  bookSt     Lepper  L.  A.,  Lisbon,  O.,  site  chosen, 


rpt.,45V 
ish    life, 


Jewi 


bibl.    of    (Abrahams), 


Joan  of  Arc.  ref.  list  on  (Somerville 
P.  L.),  55. 

Johannesburg  (So.  Africa)  P.  L.,  new 
building,  161. 

John  Crerar  L.,  Chicago,  45,  105; 
opened,  200;  rpt.,  761. 

Johnston,  W.  D.  and  J.  B.,  bibl.  of 
church  and  state,  416. 

Johnston,  W.  P.,  pres.  la.  L.  Soc.,  98. 

Joliet(IH.)P.  L.,450. 

Jones,  Ada  A.,  42. 

Jones,  Gardner  M.,  408,  Cigi;  new  ed. 
of  "  List  of  subject  headings"  pro- 
posed, 6;  engagement,  218;  treas. 
A.  L.  A.,  356,  £148.  696;  marriage, 
365;  printing  conference  papers, 
Cg7;  books  on  fine  art,  A.  L.  A. 
list,  Cio4. 

Jones,  Herbert,  public  lib.  authorities, 

393- 

Jones,  Mary  L.,  42,  408. 

Jones,  Olive,  Cigi. 

Jones,  R:,  relations  of  literature  clubs 
to  libs.,  34. 

Jones,  Rilla  S.,  CIQI. 

Jones  Memorial  L.  See  Illinois  Col- 
lege. 

Josephson,  A.  G.  S.,  full  names  sup- 
plied, 769. 

Kaighn,  Anna  M.,  Cigi. 

Kankakee  (111.)  P.  L.,  410. 

Kansas  City  (Kan.)  P.  L.  A.,  106. 

Kansas  City  (Mo.)  P.  L.,  ijjth  rpt., 
214;  new  building,  318;  Shiedley 
bequest  settled,  323;  new  building 
opened,  694. 


HAA.      •**•    lllnnLCly      *jl      Ul/UILa, 
ege  instruction  in  bibliog- 
raphy, Ci6s-i66. 

Krehbiel,  H.  E.,  and  Sturgis,  R., 
bibl.  of  fine  art,  55-56,  113-114,  211- 

212. 

Kroeger,  Alice  B.,  42,  Cigi;  public 
lib.  and  the  child,  207. 

Laird,  W.  H.,  gift  of  lib.  to  Winona, 
Minn.,  162. 

Lambert,  Cecelia  C.,  Cigi;  treas.  N. 
J.  L.  Assoc.,  705. 

Lancaster  (Mass.)  P.  L. ,34th  rpt.,  214. 

Landfield,  J.  B.,  transliteration  of 
Russian  names,  769. 

Lane,  Mrs.  L.  P.,  408. 

Lane,  Lucius  P.,  Cigi. 

Lane,  W:  C.,  408;  preservation  of 
bound  newspapers,  161;  rpt.  of  A. 
L.  A.  Pub.  Sec.,  C84-86;  chairman 
Pub.  Sec.,  696;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 
697- 

Langton,  H.  H.,  408;  co-operative 
cataloging  of  periodicals,  3g7. 

Langworthy,  Louise,  marriage,  719. 

La  Porte  (Ind.)  City  P.  L.,  opening, 
272. 

Larned,  J.  N.,  Cigi;  resignation  from 
A.  L.  A.  primer  com.,  23;  books  of 
1896  in  history,  136-137;  resignation 
from  Buffalo  P.  L.,  244,  275-276;  co- 
operation among  public  libs.,  396- 
397;  A.  L.  A.  catalog  supplement, 
Cios,  Cio6,  Ci46,  Ci47;  books  in 
history,  biography,  and  travel  in  A. 
L.  A.  list,  Cio6-io8;  N.  Y.  P.  L. 
building,  £137;  resolution  on  rein- 
corporation  of  A.  L.  A.,  Ci4i;  dis- 
cussion of  children's  lib.  work,  Cis6 
-157;  councillor  A.  L.  A.,  696. 

Lathrop,  Rev.  S.  E.,  supt.  North  Wis. 
Travelling  L.  Assoc.,  265. 

Laurence,  P.  M.,  public  libs,  in  South 
Africa,  112. 

Law,  bibl.  of  statute  law  of  Ala. 
(Cole)  326,  of  Ark.  (Cole)  327,  of 
Fla.  (Cole)  416;  bibl.  generate  des 
livres  de  droit,  769 

Law  Soc.  of  Upper  Canada  L.,  Toi 
ronto,  rpt.,  364. 


272. 

Lester,  Lizzie,  Cig2. 

Librarians  (dep.),  52,  112,162,  2ig,  275, 

T  .324,  365,  414,  452,  719,  766. 

Librarians,  what  they  should  read 
(symposium),  34-35;  and  patriotic 
societies  (Scott),  80-81;  trials  of 
(Garland),  i2g-i32;  for  children's  lib. 
work  (Cutler),  292;  women  as  (Cal. 
L.  Assoc.  ),  308;  trials  of  (Mathews), 
348;  and  the  importer  (Lemcke), 
355,  Ci2-i6,  Ci4s;  in  relation  to 
staff  (Hill),  381-383;  tendencies  of 
modern  (MacAlister),  392;  training 
of,  (Welch)  393,  (James)  393,  (Ma- 
thews)  393,  (Ogle)  3gs;  aids  for 
(Dodge),  C  67-70,  Ci48;  aims  and 
personal  attitude  (Eastman),  C8o-8t, 
Ci53;  well-known,  768. 

Libraries,  (Ogle)  712-713,  (Fletcher} 
713;  in  the  U.  S.,  commissioner  of 
education's  rpt.  on,  315-316;  evo- 
lution of  public  (Tedder),  302;  man- 
agement of,  (Jones)  3g3,  (Rawson) 
393;  as  factors  in  human  evolution 
(Richardson),  398;  literature  of 
(Teggart),  Css-sS;  organization  of 
small,  (Stearns)  702,  (Browning)  754; 
private.  (Humphreys)  713;  liand- 
book  of  Am.  (Teggart),  741-743. 

Libraries  and  schools,  179-180:  travel- 
ling school  libs,  at  Columbus,  46, 
at  Allegheny,  155;  meeting  cone,  at 
Evanston,  46;  mounted  pictures  for, 
90,  186;  work  with  (symposium), 
181-187;  at  Dayton.  O.  (Doren),  igo 
-193;  discussed  by  N.  E.  A.,  197-198; 
co-operation  in  developing  a  taste 
for  good  literature  (Foster),  245-251; 
methods  suggested  for  (Newark  IP. 
L.),  3ig-32o;  public  lib.  and  public 


schools  (Foerste),  341-344;  oooks 
and  text-books  (Crunden),  393;  pro- 
posed work  at  St.  Louis  P.  L.,  412; 

G- i    i x*:..i.      i         / 


Kansas  State  L.,  biennial  rpt.,  106-     Lawrence,  C:  F.,  lib.  bequest  to  Pep- 
107;  proposed  transfer  of  state  hist.        perell,  Mass.,  323. 


discussed  by  Mich.  L.  Assoc.,  445. 

Library,  The,  43. 

Library  architecture  (Burgoyne,  Pite), 
396.  See  also  Building,  library. 

L.  Assoc.  of  Australasia,  proceedings 
of  ist  conference,  90. 

L.  Assoc.  of  United  Kingdom,  2oth  an- 
nual conference,  694-695. 


786 


THE  LIBRA  RY  JO  URN  A  L. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


L.  Assoc.  of  Washington  City.  See 
Washington  (D.  C.)  L.  Assoc. 

Library  associations  in  the  U.  S.  (Put- 
nam), 397. 

Library  clubs  (dep.),  39,  102,  152,  209, 
265,  313,  446,  706,  755. 

Library  day,  in  Texas.  47. 

Library  Department  N.  E.  A.,  dele- 
gates from  N.  Y.  L.  Assoc.  and  N. 
Y.  L.  Club  to  attend  meeting,  35 ; 
importance  of,  179 ;  round  table 
meeting  at  Indianapolis,  197-198 ; 
rpt.  of  A.  L.  A.  com.  on  co-opera- 
tion with,  356,  Ci45 ;  A.  L.  A.  reso- 
lution regarding,  357,  Ciss;  Mil- 
waukee meeting,  380,  389. 

Library  economy  and  history  (dep.), 
43.  i°3.  '55.  212,  27'.  3i7,  360.  409. 
448,  713,  759. 

Library  extension,  classes  of  Univ.  of 
Chicago,  22, 28-29;  lectures  at  Cleve- 
land P.  L.,  199-200,  account  of 
(Sharp),  Ci66. 

Library  history,  literature  of  (Teg- 
gart),  C35-38,  CiS5,  74.1-743- 

Library  institute,  conducted  by  In- 
diana L.  Assoc.,  29-30;  by  Wis.  F. 
L.  Commission,  698,  750. 

LIBRARY  JOURNAL,  publishers'  note,  6; 
note  regarding  missing  nos. ,  416. 

Library  legislation,  in  1896,  3;  in  Col- 
orado, 26,  105  ;  history  of  lib.  com- 
missions (Marvin),  26;  in  Illinois, 
27-28,  29,  106,  214,  310;  in  Indiana, 
31,  106,  214;  in  Nebraska,  32-33,  107; 
in  Michigan,  47 ;  in  Minnesota,  48, 
I07i  '57'  2I5»  273 1  resolutions  of 
Western  Penna.  L.  Club  on,  102; 
urged  for  Kansas,  106 ;  in  Oregon, 
109  ;  in  Pennsylvania,  109  ;  in  Mis- 
souri, no,  215  ;  in  N.  J.  and  Penna. 
(N.  J.  L.  Assoc.),  307;  in  Tennessee, 
217,  292,  321 ;  in  Wisconsin  (Hutch- 
ins),  255^256 ;  in  the  U.  S.,3i6;  re- 
viewed in  rpt.  of  com.  on  state  aid, 
352,  C99;  in  Georgia,  701,  762;  in 
Iowa,  702. 

Library  progress  in  1896,  3. 

Library  schools  and  training  classes 
(dep.),  40,  153,  211,  267,  314,  359,  446, 
708,  757- 

Library  schools  and  training  classes, 
rpt.  of  A.  L.  A.  com.  on,  C87-oo, 
(.148 ;  training  class  at  Dayton  P. 
L.,  714. 

Library  Section  Illinois  Teachers'  As- 
soc., organization,  198. 

Library  Section  Wis.  Teachers'  As- 
soc., ist  meeting,  38-39. 

Library  session  of  1896  convocation, 
U.  S.  N.  Y.,  43-44. 

Library  staff,  organization  and  man- 
agement (N.  Y.  L.  Club)  266,  (Hill) 
381-383. 

Liegerz,  H:  v.  (Meier),  220. 

Lincoln,  Abraham,  reading  list  on 
(Cleveland  P.  L.)  113,  (Paterson  P. 
L.)  163. 

Lindsay,  Mary  B.,  Cig2;  book-marks, 

Linotype,   use   of   for  lib.   bulletins 

rWright),Ci5o. 

Lin  wood,  O.,  lib.  bequest  to,  51-52. 
Lippincott,  Anna  H.,  Cigz. 
List  of  subject  headings,  new  edition 

proposed  (Jones),  6,  697. 
Literature,  770. 
Literature,    developing   a   taste    for 

good  (Foster),  245-251. 
Literary  anecdotes  of  the  igth  century 

(Nicoll,  Wise),  164. 
Lithgow    L.,  Augusta,  Me.,  rpt.  on 

open  shelves,  44. 
Lithography,  bibl.  of   (Curtis),    327. 

See  also  Exhibitions. 
Ljverpool  (Eng.)  P.  Ls.,  44th  rpt.,  364. 
Livingston,    L.    S.,    American   book 

prices  current,  54. 
Loane,  Margaret,  Cig2. 
Local  collections,  from  patriotic  so- 


cieties (Scott),  80-81 ;  gathering  of 

historical  (Thwaites),  82. 
Local  industries,  books  on  (Jackson), 

244,  (Fostert,  737- 
Lockhead,  Ja.  S..  Ci02. 
London,  Bessie  A.,  0192. 
London  (Can.)  P.  L.,  class  catalog, 

4'5- 
London,  Eng.,  reading  list  on  (Salem 

P.  L.),  163. 
Longstreet,    Gen.    Ja.,    marriage   to 

Miss  Dortch,  453. 
Lord,  Isabel  £.,447,  Ci92. 
Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  P.  L..  rpt.,  157; 

changes  at,  318;  reopened,  715. 
I. owe,  May,  vice-pres.  O.  L.  Assoc., 

Lowell  (Mass.)  City  L.,  bulletin,  163, 

277,  366,  415,  721,  768;    rpt.,  272. 

Lubbock,  Sir  J:,  address  at  Internal, 
lib.  conference,  391-392. 

I.unenberg,  Mass.,  lib.  gift  to  de- 
clined, 452. 

I  .ynchburg  <  Va. )  P.  L. ,  chartered,  272. 

Lynn  (Mass.)  P.  L..  24th  rpt.,  318; 
plans  for  Shute  P.  L.,  762-763. 

MacAlister,  J.  Y.  W.,  tendencies  of 
modern  librarianship,  392;  resigna- 
tion as  hon.  sec.  L.  A.  U.  K.,  695. 

Macbeth,  G:  A.,  Cig2;  rpt.  of  Trus- 
tees' Section,  355-356,  Ci44. 

McBride,  Jennie  C  ,  Cip2. 

McCabe,  E:  D.,  state  lion,  of  Califor- 
nia, 276. 

McClymonds,  Mrs.  F.  R.  and  A.  M., 
lib.  gift  to  Massillon,  O.,  365. 

McCreary,    Nellie,  marriage   of,  50, 

McCrory,  Harriette  L.,  408,  720. 
McElhone,  Philip,  charged  with  steal- 
ing from  Congressional  L.,  160-161, 

274,  364. 
Mack,  Katharine  M.,  libn.  Westfield 

(N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  162. 
McKenna,  Sarah  H.,  Ciga. 
Mackinac    (pseud.),    reincorporation 

of  A.  L.  A.,  128. 
Macky,  Bessie  R.,  42. 
McLoney,  Ella  M.,  sec.  la.  L.  Soc., 

98. 

Madison  (Wis.)  F.  L.,  450. 
Magazine  of  Western  Hist.,  query 

cone.  (Faxon)  738. 
Magazines.    See  Periodicals. 
MaimonidesL.,  N.  Y.  City,  rpt.,  717. 
Maire,  Alb.,  a  French  classification 

and  notation,  253. 
Malacology,  bibl.   of  (Sykes,  Pace), 

220. 

Maiden  (Mass.),  igth  rpt.,  518. 
Manaceine,  Marie  de,  bibl.  of  sleep, 

723. 
Manchester  (Eng.)  P.   F.    Ls.,  44th 

rpt.,  51 ;   quarterly  record,  no.  2, 

1897,  721. 
Manchester  (N.  H.)  City  L.,  42d  rpt., 

3*9- 

Manchester,  Vt.,  Skinner  L.  dedi- 
cated, 410. 

Manhattan  East  Side  Mission  F.  C. 
L.,  N.  Y.  City,  catalog,  721. 

Mankato  (Minn.)  P.  L.,  3d  rpt.,  361- 
362. 

Mann,  Frances  M.,  408. 

Mann,  Margaret,  bibl.  of  Lakes  Erie, 
Huron,  and  Michigan,  56  ;  sec. 
Chic.  L.  Club,  209. 

Manson,  A:  D.,  bequest  to  Bangor 
P.  t..,  51. 

Manuscripts,  stolen  from  U.  S.  Con- 
gressional L.,  i6o-i6r,  274,  364;  care 
of,  (Eames)  €51-52,  (Friedenwald) 
C52-55,  Ci?2;  Persian,  in  Brit.  Mus. 
L.,  720;  in  Univ.  of  Cambridge  L., 
722. 

Maps,  value  of,  346;  care  of  (Eames), 
Csi. 

Marine-bibliographic  Internationale, 
367. 


Marinetta,  Wis.,  lib.  given  to,  763. 

Marsce,  Isabel  R.,  42. 

Martin,  E:  A.,  bibl.  of  Gilbert  White, 

723 

Martins.  Charlotte.,  Crop. 

Martinsburg  (W.  Va.)  P.  L.,  opened, 
319. 

Marvin,  Cornelia,  hist,  of  lib.  com- 
missions, 26;  Indiana  lib.  institute, 
29-30. 

Marvin,  Mabel,  cataloger  St.  Louis 
P.  I..,  53- 

Maryland  State  I..,  cataloging  at,  214. 

Masonic  libs.    See  Iowa  Masonic  L. 

Mass.  I..  Club,  fiction  list  discon- 
tinued, 31;  meeting  with  Ct.  L. 
Assoc.,  94-95,  98-100;  rpt.  on  fiction 
lists,  98-100;  plan  for  continuation 
of  fiction  lists,  128,  149,  263-264  ; 
April  meeting,  149,  206,  263-264  ; 
Sept.  meeting,  443-445;  annual  meet- 
ing, 702-705. 

Mass  State  L.,  214. 

Mass.  State  L.  Commission,  ?th  rpt., 
i48-;i49. 

Massillon.  O.,  lib.  bequest  to,  323; 
later  gilt  to,  365. 

Mastery  of  books  (Koopman),  327. 

Mathews,  E.  R.  N.,  women  as  lib. 
assistants.  393. 

Mathews,  W.  P.,  M.D.,  state  libn.  of 
California,  53;  resignation,  276. 

Mathews,  W:,  trials  of  libns.,  348. 

Matlack,  Anna  M.,  €192. 

Matson  P.  L.,  Princeton,  111.,  re- 
opened, no. 

Matthew,  Ja.  E.,  literature  of  music, 

56- 

Matunuck,  R.  I.,  Hale  Memorial  L. 
dedicated,  411. 

Maule,  J:  C.,  Cig2. 

Mayor,  J.  B.,  guide  to  the  choice  of 
classical  books,  113. 

Maxson,  Rev.  H:  D.,  children's  book- 
mark, 257,  Ciso. 

Mechanics'  Institute  L.,  San  Fran- 
cisco, 42d  rpt.,  321;  ref.  list  on  mu- 
nicipal government,  415;  record  of, 

743- 

Medford  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  319. 

Medical  libs.  (Chadwick),  103;  co-op- 
erative cataloging  of  (Denver  P.  L. ), 
156,  437;  given  to  yuincy  F.  P.  L., 
150;  in  Detroit  P.  L.,  213. 

Medicine,  bibl.  of  (Gould,  Pyle),  367; 
ref.  list  on,  455. 

Medlicott,  Mary,  42;  work  with  schools 
at  Springfield  City  L.,  186-187;  in 
memoriam,  William  Rice,  D.D., 
437-438. 

Meekins  L.,  Williamsburg,  Mass., 
dedication,  161. 

Meier,  P.  Gabriel,  Heinrich  v.  Lie- 
gerz, 220. 

Melcher,  Mary  M.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  I  .  School,  358. 

Meleney,  G.  B.,  vice-pres.  111.  L.  As- 
soc., 97. 

Memorial  day,  reading  list  on.  (Cleve- 
land P.  L.)  276,  (Omaha  P.  L.)  326. 

Menasha  'Wis.)  P.  L.,  748-750;  gift 
for  new  building,  452. 

Mendelssohn,  ref.  list  on  (Providence 
P.  I-.),  163. 

Mending  books,  52. 

Menomonie,  Wis.,  conference  of  of- 
ficers of  Stout  free  travelling  libs., 
214-215. 

Mercantile  f..,  N.  Y.,  ?6th  rpt.,  158; 
bulletin,  163. 

Mercantile  I..,  Phila.,  bulletin,  54; 
74th  rpt.,  159;  bequest  to,  274. 

Mercantile  t..,  St.  Louis,  rpt.,  320. 

Merrill,  W:  S.,  zd  vice-pres.  Chic.  I.. 
Club,  209. 

Merriman,  E.  H.,  asst.  Buffalo  P.  L., 
414. 

Metcalf,  Anna,  leave  of  absence  from 
Harris  Institute,  162;  ref.  libn. 
Brown  Univ.  L.,  365. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


787 


The  index  to  Pseudonym*  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Metcalf,  Mrs.  Caroline,  gift  to  Mil- 
waukee P.  L.,  452. 

Meteorology,  contributions  to  bibl.  of 
(Fassig),  314,  346-347;  meteoriten  in 
sammlungen  u.  ihre  literatur  (Wiilf- 
ing)  769. 

Meyer,  Prof.  V:,  lib.  for  sale,  765. 

Michigan,  lib.  commission  bill,  47; 
libs,  in  (Mich.  State  L.  bulletin),  319. 

Michigan  L.  Assoc.,  ?th  annual  meet- 
ing, 445. 

Michigan  State  L.,  biennial  rpt.,  47- 
48;  bulletin  no.  2,  libs,  in  Mich.,  319. 

Middleton,  Jennie  Y.,  42,  (192. 

Middletown,  N.  J.,  lib.  bequest  to, 
452,  763. 

Military  science,  bibl.  of,  56. 

Milk,  bibl.  of  (Irving),  367. 

Milledge,  Col.  J:,  53,  766. 

Miller,  E:  A.,  specifications  for  bind- 

,  ing,  348-349- 

Miller,  Eulora,  42. 

Milner,  Ange  V.,  sec.  111.  L.  Assoc., 

Milner,  Madeline  M.,  bibl.  of  woman 
and  child  labor,  456. 

Milsted,  Millie  J.,  £192. 

Milwaukee  L.  Round  Table,  40,  102- 
103,  209,  265-266,  313. 

Milwaukee  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  finding  list, 
54,  increase  of  lib.  tax,  157,  256; 
work  with  schools  (Dousman),  185- 
186;  quarterly  index  of  additions, 
219;  gifts  to,  274,  452,  765-766;  Bohe- 
mian books  at,  715. 

Minerva:  jahrbuch  der  gelehrten 
welt,  164. 

Minneapolis,  lib.  assoc.  of.  See  Twin 
City  L.  C  lub. 

Minneapolis  (Minn.)  P.  L.,  jth  rpt., 
107;  two-book  system  and  linotype 
method  adopted,  450;  book  mutila- 
tion at,  715. 

Minnesota,  lib.  commission  for,  48, 
I07i  !57i  2IS!  other  lib.  legislation, 
272. 

Minnesota  Hist.  Soc.  L.,  gth  biennial 
rpt,  319. 

Minnesota  L.  Assoc. ,'sth  annual  meet- 
ing, 31-32. 

Missouri,  lib.  legislation  in,  no,  215. 

Missouri  State  I..,  Mrs.  Edwards 
appointed  libn.,  53. 

Mitchell,  Lucy  W.,  graduate  Drexel 
lib.  class,  358. 

Mohammedanism,  bibl.  of  (Arnold), 
220. 

Monfort,  E.  M.,  408. 

Monroe,  W:  S.,  bibl.  of  Henry  Bar- 
nard, 164;  bibl.  of  education,  758. 

Montenegro,  bibl.  of  (Tenneroni),  56. 

Montgomery,  D.  H.,  Students'  Am. 
hist.,  416. 

Montgomery,  T:  L.,  Cig2;  books  of 
1896  in  natural  science  and  useful 
arts,  85-86;  books  on  science  in  A. 
L.  A.  list,  C 105-106;  scope  of  A.  L. 
A  catalog  supplement,  Cios,  Cio6; 
com.  on  lib.  eds.,  696. 

Montreal,  Can.,  libs,  of  (Gould),  398. 

Montreal  (Can.)  P.  L.,  opened  in 
Chateau  Ramezay,  112. 

Moore,  Annie  C.,  (,192;  use  of  libs,  by 
children,  (.,157-158. 

Moore,  Evva  L.,  resolution  of  111.  L. 
Assoc.  on,  97. 

Morgan,  Junius  S.,  gift  to  Princeton 
Univ.  L.,  52;  associate  libn.  Prince- 
ton Univ.  L.,  276. 

Morningstern,  W.  B.,  Cipa. 

Morrill,  Minnie  P:,  Ci92. 

Morris,  Helen  R..  Cig2. 

Morris,  W:,  ref.  list  on,  (Providence 
P.  L.)  54,  (Salem  P.  L.)  54;  lib.  of, 
for  sale,  218;  bibl.  of  (Vallance), 
367. 

Morse,  Anna  L.,  asst.  N.  Y.  State  L., 

447* 
Mothers'  clubs,  books  for  (Eastman), 

43*5-437- 


Mountain  observatories,  bibl.  of  (Hoi- 
den),  327. 

Moyes,  J:,  bibl.  of  Shakespearean 
medicine.  723. 

Mumford.  Harriet  A.,  Ci92;  graduate 
Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 

Mundy,  Ezekiel  W.,  092. 

Mundy,  Helen  H.,  6192. 

Municipal  government,  ref.  list  on, 
(New  Bedford  P.  L.)  54,  366,  (Som- 
erville  P.  L.)  55,  (Lowell  City  L.) 
163,  (Mechanics' Inst.)  4-5;  bibl.  of, 
(Brooks)  269-270,  (Municipal  af- 
fairs) 723,  (Wilcox)  769. 

Murdock,  J:,  in  charge  of  scientific 
dept.  Bost.  P.  L.,  53. 

Murphy,  Almira  R.,  Cig2. 

Music,  dept.  of,  at  Brooklyn  L.,  45; 
literature  of  (Matthew).  56;  infor- 
mation wanted  as  to  collections  of 
(Cutler),  128;  libretti  added  to  N. 
Y.  P.  L.,  158;  catalog  of,  (Brookline 
P.  t,.)  415,  (Case  L.)72t. 

Musicians,  ref.  lists  on  (Paterson  P. 
L.),  277. 

Mutilation  of  lib.  books,  at  Evanston 
P.  L.,  213;  at  Minneapolis  P.  L., 
7'5- 

Nagle,  Katharine  E.;  Ci92. 

Nashua,  N.  H.,  decision  in  lib.  suit, 
7'S- 

National  Art  Library,  South  Kensing- 
ton Museum  (Weale),  305. 

National  Educational  Assoc.  See 
Library  Section  N.  E.  A. 

"  National  spirit,"  a  word  on,  6. 

Natural  science,  books  of  1896  in 
(Montgomery),  85-86;  ref.  list  on 
(New  Bedford  P.  L.),  277;  A.  L.  A. 
list  of  books  in  ( Montgomery) ,  C 1 05- 
106. 

Nature  study,  ref.  list  on  (Fitchburg 
P.  L),  366. 

Naumyn,  B.,  bibl.  of  cholelithiasis, 
327. 

Navaho    legends,  bibl.  of   (Hodge), 

Nebraska,  travelling  libs,  proposed 
for,  32-33;  lib.  commission  for,  -07. 

Nebraska  L.  Assoc.,  2d  annual  meet- 
ing, 32-33;  3d  meeting  announced, 

753- 

Nebraska  State  L.,  biennial  rpt.,  158. 

Neisser,  Emma  R.,  Cig2. 

Neisser,  Marian,  Cr92. 

Nelson,  C:  Alex.,  Cigz;  registry  of 
voters,  Ci^s;  classification  of  Har- 
vardiana,  £47-48,  Ci6s;  Columbia 
Univ.  L.,  746-7^7;  Peabody  Insti- 
tute catalog  (review)  758-759. 

Nelson,    Sarah  C.,  cataloger  N.    Y. 

P.    L.,276. 

Nettlau,  M.,  bibl.  de  1'anarchie,  327. 
Neumann    Bros.,    specifications    for 

binding,  348-349. 

Nevill,  R.,  proposed  index  to  archae- 
ological papers,  328. 
Neville,  E.  Mae.  C 192. 
New  Bedford  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.,  215; 

bulletin,  54,  163,  325,  366,  721,  768; 

45th  rpt.,  450;  correction,  716. 
New  Britain  (Ct.)  Institute  L.,  43^ 

rpt.,  362. 
New  Brunswick  (N.  J.)  F.   L.,  ref. 

room  refitted,  48. 
New  England,  ref.  list  on  (Somer- 

ville  P.  L.),  55;  bibl.  of  colonial  (U. 

S.  N.  Y.),4i5- 
New  England    library    associations, 

2d  joint  meeting,  75,  94-96. 
New  Hampshire  L.  Assoc.,  8th  annual 

meeting,    100-101;    May    meeting, 

311-312. 

New  Hampshire  State  L.,  trustee  ap- 
pointed, 48;  biennial  rpt.,  215. 
New  Hampshire  State  L.  Commission, 

biennial  rpt.,  261;    bulletin  no.  2, 

358. 
New  Haven  (Ct.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt.,  107. 


New  Jersey  L.  Assoc.  joint  meeting 
with  Penna.  L.  Club,  101,  149-150, 
206-207;  New  Brunswick  meeting, 
705;  annual  meeting,  705. 

New  Jersey  State  L.,  rpt.,  362. 

New  London  (Ct.)  P.  L.,  finding  list, 

New  Orleans  P.  L.  Set  Fisk  F.  and 
P.  L. 

New  Rochelle  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  general 
catalog,  366. 

New  South  Wales,  lib.  work  in 
(Anderson),  395. 

New  York  City,  lib.  appropriations 
for  1897,  48;  ref.  list  on  (Salem  P. 
L.),  722;  lib.  appropriations  for 
1898,  746.  See  also  Greater  N.  Y. 

New  York  Charity  Organization  Soc., 
lib.  of,  362. 

New  York  East  Side  House  L.  See 
Webster  F.  L. 

New  York  F.  C.  L.,  i7th  rpt.,  108;  new 
plans  at,  273;  Yorkville  branch,  362. 

New  York  F.  C.  L.  for  the  Blind,  2d 
rpt.,4tT. 

New  York  Gen.  Soc.  of  Mechanics' 
and  Tradesmen's  L.,  new  site  pur- 
chased, 48;  monthly  bulletin,  163. 

New  York  Journal  excluded  from 
libs.,  127,  143. 

New  York  L.  Club,  joint  meeting 
with  N.  Y.  State  L.  Assoc.,  5-6,  33- 
37,  40;  March  meeting,  209-210; 
special  meeting,  210;  April  meeting, 
210;  annual  meeting,  266;  Oct. 
meeting,  707;  manual,  1897,  707; 
Nov.  meeting,  736. 

New  York  P.  L.— Astor,  Lenox,  and 
Tilden  Foundations,  exhibit  at,  48; 
rpt.  for  1806,  108-109;  lib.  building 
and  site  bill,  158,  272;  bulletin,  163, 
219,  277,  326,  366,  454,  721-722,  768; 
plans  for  new  building,  291, 296-301 , 
(Billings)  355,  ^3-136,  (A.  L.  A. 
discussion)  355,  Ci37-i4o,  (A.  L.  A. 
resolution)  357,  CIM,  (2d  competi- 
tion) 390,  716,  (final  plans)  736-737, 
744-745;  collection  of  pamphlets, 
411;  new  card  catalog,  716-717. 

New  York  Soc.  L.,  probable  removal, 
272. 

New  York  State,  lib.  development  in, 
6,  (Eastman)  33-34;  lib.  statistics  f9r 
1895  (U.  S.  N.  Y.,  extension  bulletin 
16),  261-262;  lib.  statistics  for  1896 
(U.  S.  N.  Y.,  extension  bulletin  20), 
698. 

New  York  State  L.,  48,  272;  bulletin, 
legislation  no.  7,  113;  77th  rpt. 
(1804),  411;  rpt.  for  1895,  411-412; 
bulletin,  additions  no.  3,  415;  bul- 
letin, bibliographies  no.  2-4,  415. 

New  York  State  L.  Assoc.,  joint  meet- 
ing with  N.  Y.  L.  Club,  5-6,  33-37; 
western  meeting,  Rochester,  265, 

New  York  State  L.  School,  selection 
of  books,  41;  list  of  graduates,  41- 
42;  preparation  of  bibliographies, 
153-154;  new  quarters,  154;  omission 
of  summer  session,  154;  critical  re- 
views used,  268;  N.  Y.  visit,  268; 
theses  of  students,  314;  graduates, 
1897,  447;  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on,  C87-88; 
list  of  students,  1897-98,  708-709; 
bibliography  and  theses  subjects, 

New  York  World  excluded  from 
libs.,  127,  143. 

Newark  (N.  J.)  P.  L.,  arrangements 
for  new  building.  48;  art  exhibit,  48, 
717;  exclusion  of  World  and  Jour- 
nal from,  128,  143;  8th  rpt.,  319-320; 
proposed  new  building,  390,  717. 

Newark  (N.  Y.)  F.  L  Assoc.,  lib. 
established,  48,  763. 

Newberry  L.,  Chicago,  bibliographi- 
cal museum  opened,  105;  collection 
of  genealogical  records,  449. 

Newburgh  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.,  rpt.,  320. 


788 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Newburyport  (Mass.)  P.  I..,  rpt.,  48. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne  P.  Ls.,  catalog 

of  Stephenson  Branch  L.,  722. 
Newman,  Alb.  H:,  bibl.  of  anti-pedo- 

baptistn,  278. 

Newman,  Alice,  cataloger  North  Ad- 
ams (Mass.)  P.  L.,  447. 
Newspapers,  value  of  (Thwaites),  82; 

exclusion  of  sensational.  127,   143; 

preservation  of  bound,  (Lane)  161, 

(Eames)  €50-5!;  gift  for,  to  Bost.  P. 

L.,  759-760. 
Newton  »Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  bulletin,  no. 

5, 113;  rpt.,  320. 

Nfagara  Falls  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  158. 
Nicnolasville,  Ky.,  lib.   bequest    to, 

365- 
Nichols,  J.  H.,  lib.  gift  to  Kingston, 

N.  H.,  452. 
Nichols  Memorial  L.,  Naperville,  111., 

7'5- 
Nicoll,  W.  Robertson,  and  Wise,  T: 

J.,  literary  anecdotes  of  the   igth 

century,  v.  2,  164. 
Nigeria,  bibl.  of  (Literature)  770. 
Nolan,  E:  J.,  408,  €192. 
Nominations  for  elective  office,  bibl. 

(Dallinger),  327. 
Norfolk(Va.)P.  L.,  158. 
Norris,  A.  E.,  (^192. 
Norris,  G:  G.,  Cipa. 
North  Adams  (Mass.)  P.  L.  (isthrpt.), 

158;  gift  to,  766. 
North  Carolina,  libs,  and  literature  of, 

in  i8th  century  (Weeks),  316-317. 
North  Wisconsin  Travelling  L.  Assoc., 

Dec.    meeting,    39;    gifts   to,  209; 

new  libs,  of,  265. 

Northwestern  Univ.  L.,  rpt.,  362. 
Norton,  C:  Eliot,    choice  of  books, 

7°3-7°4- 

Norton,  Mrs.  Mary  C.,  €192. 
Notation  for  books  (Kephart)  739-741. 
Nottingham  (Eng.)  F.  P.   Ls.  rpt., 

765. 

Noyes,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  408. 
Noyes,  Marcia  C.,  libn.  Medical  and 
Chirurgical  Faculty,  Baltimore,  53. 
Nullification,  bibl.  of  (Houston),  56. 

Oakland  (Cal.)  F.  P.  L.,  bulletin,  109; 

rpt.,  450. 

Oberlin  (O.)  Coll.  L.,  rpt.,  320. 
O'Brien.  Margaret  A.,  Ci92. 
Oddie,  Sarah  S.,  at  Astor  L.,  42. 
Ogden  (Utah)  P.  L.  A.,  412. 
Ogdensburg  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  D.  A.  R. 

exhibition.  49. 
Ogle,  J.  J.,  hindrances  to  training  of 

libns.,  393;  the  free  library  (review), 

712-713. 
Ohio,  publications  of  state  of  (Hayes), 

712. 
Ohio    L.    Assoc.,    meeting   of  exec. 

board,  208;  protest  against  tariff  bill, 

208;  handbook,  208;  meeting  with 

state  teachers'  assoc.,  313;  3d  annual 

meeting,  753-754- 
Ohio  State  L.,  rules  as  to  issue  of 

books,  109;  sist  rpt.,  216;  proposed 

removal,  412;  bulletin,  717. 
Ohio  State  L.  Commission  (Hayes), 

753-754- 

Olcott,  Frances  Jenkins.  42. 
Omaha   (Neb )    P.   L.  bulletin,   326; 

changes  at,  763. 

Open  shelves.    See  Access  to  shelves. 
Opera,  ref.  list  on  (Fitchburg  P.  L.), 

454- 

Oregon,  lib.  legislation  in,  109. 
Organ-building,  bibl.  of  (Robertson), 

278. 

Orr,  C:,  453;  sec.  O.  L.  Assoc.,  754. 
Orthoptera,  bibl.  of  (Scudder),  367. 
Osterhout  F.  L.,  Wilkesbarre,  Pa., 

Newsletter,  54,  163,  219,   277,   366, 

722,  768;  8th  rpt.,  322. 
Otis  L.,  Norwich,  CL,  rpt..  158,  163. 
Ottino,  G.,  and  Fumagalh,  G.,  bibli- 

otheca  bibliografica  Italica,  455. 


Ottley,  Mrs.  3.  K.,  vice-pres.  Ga.  L. 

Club,  310. 
Owatonna,  Minn.,  plans  for  a  public 

lib.,  49. 

Pace,  S.    See  Sykes,  E.  R. 

Palat,  Commandant,  bibl.  of  Franco- 
Prussian  war,  164. 

Palen,  Ruth,  Ci92. 

Palmj  Swante,  gift  of  private  lib.  to 
Univ.  of  Texas,  162. 

Palmer,  Henrietta  R.,  42. 

Pamphlets,  value  of  old  (Thwaites), 
82;  collection  of  at  N.  Y.  P.  L.,  411. 

Papacy,  bibl.  of  (Vincent),  56. 

Paper,  deterioration  of,  748. 

Papyrus  Club,  gift  to  Boston  P.  L., 

365- 

Parkersburg ( W.  Va.)  City  P.  L.,2i6. 
Parsons,  Mrs.  Annie  F.,  sec.  Mich. 

L.  Assoc.,  445. 
Parsons,  Francis  H.,  Ci92;  sec.  and 

treas.  Wash.  L.  Assoc.,  40. 
Passaic  (N.  J.)  P.  L.,  717;  exhibition 

at,  320;  two-book  system,  450. 
Passmore    Edwards    L.,    St.     Bride 

Foundation  Institute,  768. 
Paterson  (N.  J.)  F.  P.  L.,  bulletin,  54, 

165,  277;  i2th  rpt.,  362. 
Patriotic  societies,  libn.  and  (Scott), 

80-81. 

Patten,  Frank  C.,  Cig2. 
Patterson     L.,    Westfield,     N.     Y., 

opened,  413. 
Patton,  Frances  C.,  42. 
Paulina.  la.,  lib.  bequest  to,  52. 
Pawtucket(R.  I.)F.  P.  L.,  reopened, 

109;  2oth  rpt.,  158. 
Payne,  W.  P.,  vice-pres.  la.  L.  Soc., 

98. 
Peabody  Institute  L.,  Baltimore,  ex- 

clusiveness  charged  against,  155;  2d 

catalog  (review)  768-769. 
Peck,  A.   L.,  ores.  N.  Y.   State    L. 

Assoc.,  35;  what  may  a  libn.  do  to 

influence  reading  ?,  77-80. 
Peckham,  Dr.   G:  W.,  Ciga  ;    vice- 
pres.  Wis.  L.  Assoc.,  152. 
Pedagogy,  catalog  of  works  on  (Bing- 

hamton  L.),  54. 

Pelham  (N.  H.)  P.  L.,  dedicated,  49. 
Pelissier,  G:,  Literary  movement  in 

France,  327. 
Pence,    J.    H.,   magazine    and    the 

drama,  220. 

Penn  Yan  (N.  Y.)  I..,  rpt.,  273. 
Pennock,  B:  W.,   Browne  charging 

system,  294-206. 

Pennsylvania,  libs,  in,  49;  lib.  legis- 
lation in,  109. 
Pennsylvania  Hist.  Soc.  L.,  gift  to, 

766. 
Pennsylvania  L.  Club,  Dec.  meeting, 

38  ;   Jan.  meeting,  101-102  ;    Feb. 

meeting,  102,  208;  meeting  with  N. 

J.  L.  Assoc.,  102,  149-150,  206-207; 


May  meeting,  208-209,  313;  an- 
nouncement, 446  ;  catalog  of  biblio- 
graphical exhibit  prepared  by, 
Ci77-i84;  Oct.  meeting,  705-706. 

Pennsylvania,  L.  Club  of  Western, 
Jan.  meeting,  102;  March  meeting, 
209;  May  meeting,  313;  Nov.  meet- 
ing. 754-755- 

Pennsylvania  State  L.,  rpt.,  109. 

Peoples,  W:  T.,  Ci92;  reference-books 
011896,  83-88;  com.  on  lib.  eds.,  696. 

Peoria  (111.)  P.  L.,  new  building 
opened,  145;  new  books  added,  ,115; 
development  from  subscription  lib. 
(Willcox),  Ci55-is6- 

Pepper,  Dr.  W:,  address  at  public 
meeting  A.  L.  A.,  Cno-i2o. 

Pepperell,  Mass.,  lib.  bequest  to,  323. 

Pequot  L.,  Southport,  Ct.,  217;  3d 
rpt.,  413. 

Periodic  system  of  the  elements,  bibl. 
of  (Venable1,  367. 

Periodicals,  desirable  for  medium- 
sized  libs.,  30;  union  list  of  for  Chi- 


cago libs.,  39-40,  jo6, 755-756;  resolu- 
tion regarding  title-pages  and  in- 
dexes to,  (Cal.  L.  Assoc.)  94,  (Ct. 
L.  Assoc.)  96,  (A.  L.  A.)  357,  0154; 
lists  of  (N.  Y.  P.  L.),  219,  277,  326, 
366,  454,  722;  index  to  dramatic  arti- 
cles in  (Pence),  220;  list  of  critical 
(N.  Y.  S.  L.  School),  268;  catalog  of 
scientific  and  technical  (Bolton), 
325,  678;  list  of  (Bost.  P.  L.),  325;  in- 
dex to  (Providence  P.  L.),  326;  co- 
operative cataloging  of,  (Langton) 
357.  (A.  L.  A.  discussion)  Ci68-i72; 
bibl.  of  ephemeral  (Faxon)  416;  ex- 
traordinary title  of  (Bolton),  442  ; 
added  to  Bost.  P.  L.,  448;  purchase 
of  foreign  (Letncke),  C 13-1 4;  value 
of  in  college  libs.  (A.  L.  A.  discus- 
sion), Ci6i-i65;  bibl.  der  Deutscher 
zeit-schriften  litteratur,  723.  See 
also  Annual  literary  index;  Cumu- 
lative index;  Poole's  index. 

Perth  Amboy  (N.  J.)  F.  L.,  49. 

Petherick.  E.  A.,  theoretical  and 
practical  bibliography,  398. 

Petrie,  Flora  R.,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute L.  School,  359. 

Petty,  Katharine  M.,  £192. 

Phelps,  Anna  R.,  work  for  Glen 
Haven  P.  L.,  449-450. 

Philadelphia  F.  L.,  exhibitions  at,  49; 
anniversary,  109 ;  circulation,  159, 
450;  Chestnut  Hill  branch  opened, 
159;  istrpt.,  216-^217;  new  building 
for,  677,  717;  gift  of  building  to, 
750. 

Philadelphia  F.  L.  of  Economics 
started,  412. 

Philadelphia  L.  Co.,  bequest  to,  274. 

Philadelphia  Normal  School  L..  763. 

Phillips,  C:  E.  S.,  bibl.  of  X-rays, 
770. 

Phillips,  Mary  E.,  408. 

Phillips,  P.  L.,  supt.  of  map  dept., 
Congressional  L.,  414. 

Photographs.  See  Exhibits,  Pictures. 

Physical  education,  bibl.  of  (Pierce), 
367. 

Physiology,  bibl.  physiologica  (Rich- 
et),  164. 

Pickering,  Miss  A.  E.,  treas.  N.  H. 
L.  Assoc.,  loo. 

Pictures,  mounted  for  school-rooms 
at  Denver  P.  L.,  90;  travelling  (Wis. 
L.  A.)  150-151,  (Carter)  264,  293-294, 
(Univ.  of  Chic.  Settlement),  449  ; 
at  Milwaukee  P.  L.  (Dousman),  186; 
at  Boston  P.  L.,  194,  759;  at  Pratt 
Institute,  761. 

Pierce,  H:  L.,  lib.  bequest  to  Stough- 
ton,  Mass.,  52. 

Pierce,  J:  M.,  bibl.  of  physical  educa- 
tion, 367. 

Pinneo,  Dotha  S.,  Ci92. 

Pite,  Beresford,  lib.  architecture,  396. 

Plainfield  (N.  J.)  P.  L.,  branch  sta- 
tions, 49  ;  appropriations  desired, 
217. 

Platou,  Valborg,  libn.  Bergen  (Nor- 
way) P.  L.,  718,  767. 

Plummer,  Helen  L.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  School,  359. 

Plummer,  Mary  W.,  42,  Ci92;  books 
of  travel  of  1896,  138-140;  year's 
leave  of  absence,  276  ;  reference 
help,  Ci28;  lib.  work  with  children, 
670-686,  707;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 
696. 

Plympton,  C:  W:.  42;  bibl.  of  travel 
in  North  Am.,  415. 

Poesche,  Herman,  Cig2. 

Political  literature  in  libs.,  244 ;  in 
Chicago,  271-272;  given  to  Milwau- 
kee P.  L.,  765-766. 

Pollard,  A.  W.,  relations  between 
bibliography  and  cataloging,  394. 

Polytechnic  Soc.  of  Ky.  L.,  Louis- 
ville, rpt.,  450. 

Pomeroy,  Edith  M.,  Cig2;  graduate 
Pratt  Institute  L.  Class,  358. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


789 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Pond,  Nancy  M.,  42. 

Poole,  Franklin   O.,  Poole's  index, 

77°. 
Poole,  W:  F.,  A.  L.  A.  memorial  to, 

€98,  697;  committee  on,  696. 
Poole's  index,   corrections,  56,  368  ; 

for  1892-96,  724,  770. 
Port  Huron  (Mich.)  P.  L..  lectures, 

49;  2d  rpt.,  412;  poster  exhibit,  764. 
Port  Jervis  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  451. 
Portland  (Me.)  P.L.,rpt.,  362;  changes 

at,  764. 

Portland  (Ore.)  L.  A.,  rpt.,  159. 
Portraits,   A.    L.    A.    Pub.    Section, 

index  to,  253-255,  302,  347-348,  C8s, 

697. 

Portugal.    See  Spain. 
Postal-cards  for  fib.  use,  414. 
Poster  exhibits,  at  Bridgeport  P.  L., 

44;  at  Port  Huron  P.  L.,  764. 
Potter,  Alfr.  €.,  selection  of  books 

for  college  libs.,  €39-44,  Ci6i. 
Poultry,  bibl.  of  (Hawks),  723. 
Power,  Erne  L.,  €192. 
Practical  notes   (dep.),  52,   161,  323, 

414,  766. 
Pratt  Institute  F.  L.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 

360;  dept.  of  art  reference  opened, 

45;  rpt.,  760. 
Pratt   Institute    L.   School,   lectures 

and  notes,  42;  graduate  assoc.,  153- 

i54>  757!  Washington  visit,  267-268  ; 

graduates,  1896-97,  358-359;  A.   L. 

A.  rpt.  on,  €88-89;  class  of  1898, 

Prayer-books,  bibl.  of  American 
(Wright),  220. 

Prendergast  F.  L.  See  James  Pren- 
dergast  F.  L. 

Prescott,  Harriet  B.,  42,  €192;  2d 
vice-pres.  N.  Y.  L.  Club,  266. 

Prince,  Howard  L.,  exec.  com.  Wash. 
L.  Assoc.,  40. 

Princeton  Univ.  L.,  Virgil  collection 
of  J.  S.  Morgan  given  to,  52;  new 
building,  764. 

Printed  catalog  cards,  new  method 
of  issuing,  5,  21-22,  147,  €84-85;  in 
connection  with  U.  S.  copyright 
record,  127;  in  America  (Andrews), 
397;  issued  by  libs.,  €82,  €84-85; 
indexing  serials  (A.  L.  A.  discus- 
sion), €168-172,  697. 

Printing,  beginnings  of  European,  in 
the  east  (Garnett),  392;  aid  lent  by 
public  bodies  to  early  (Dziatzko), 
3_95;  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  455. 

Prints  (Wedmore),  220. 

Printup,  Mrs.  J:  C.,  vice-pres.  Ga.  L. 
Club,  310. 

Private   library  (the)   (Humphreys), 

7*3- 
Proportional  representation,  ref.  list 

on  (Providence  P.  L.),  54. 
Protoplasm,  bibl.  of  (Davenport),  367. 


159;  new  building,  273;  ipth  rpt., 
320;  co-operation  with  other  libs. 
(Foster),  96, 344-346;  children's  room 
(Foster)  738. 

Pseudonyms,  cataloging  of  (Taylor), 
180;  lists  of  (Boase),  416.  See  also 
Anonvms  and  pseudonyms. 

Psychological  index,  no.  3  (Warren, 
Farrand),  328. 

Public  documents,  catalog  of  for  ssd 
congress,  4-5,  23,  (review)  43;  list 
of  serial,  technical  and  scientific 
(Hickcox),  16-17;  Crandall  bill  re- 
garding, 75,  160;  Ames  index  bill 
regarding,  4,  75;  rpt.  of  Supt.  Cran- 
dall on,  91;  bills  relating  to,  in  54th 
congress,  143;  index  to,  (of  54th 
congress,  ist  session)  270,  (54th 
congress,  2d  session)  770;  A.  L.  A. 
rpt.  on,  352,  €97-98;  A.  L.  A.  reso- 
lution on  supt.  of  pub.  documents, 
Ci54;  change  in  office,  735,  747. 


Pusey,  Leora,  €192. 

Putnaml  Herbert,  408;  testimony  be- 
fore Congressional  L.  committee, 
14-15;  on  A.  L.  A.  reincorporation, 
92-93 ;  acknowledgment  to  secre- 
taries of  lib.  assns.,  244;  local  lib. 
assns.  in  the  U.  S.,  397;  councillor 
A.  L.  A.,  697. 

Pyle,  W.  L.    See  Gould,  G.  L. 

Suarterly  Book  Review,  271. 
uincy  (111.)  P.  L.,  catalog  of  chil- 
dren's books,  49;  medical  collection 
given  to,  159;  gift  to,  273;  rpt.,  412; 
new  novels,  764. 

Racine  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  opened,  717. 
Railroad  travelling  libs.  (Ranck),  10- 

!3- 

Ramsay,  A.  M.,  bibl.  of  Fe'nelon 
769. 

Ranck,  S:  H.,  €192;  railroad  travel- 
ling libs.,  10-13;  Weeks'  libs,  and 
literature  in  N.  C.  in  the  i8th  cen- 
tury (review),  317;  bibl.  of  higher 
education  of  women  (review),  359- 
360;  resolution  on  printing  confer- 
ence rpts.,  Cioi;  Aflalo's  literary 
year-book  (review),  709 ;  Green- 
wood's lib.  year-book  (review),  711- 
712. 

Randall,  Susan  W.,  graduate  Drexel 
lib.  class, 358,  €192. 

Rathbone,  Josephine  A.,  42,  €192. 

Rawlinson  mss.,  Bodleian  L.?  768. 

Rawson,  Harry,  duties  of  lib.  com- 
mittees, 393. 

Read,  M.  Therese,  €192. 

Reading,  Pa.,  lib.  meeting  at,  273- 
274;  free  lib.  for,  451. 

Reading,  librarians'  (symposium),  34- 
35;  how  a  libn.  may  influence 
(Peck),  77-80;  developing  a  taste 
for  good  (Foster),  245-251.  See 
also  Books;  Children's  reading. 

Reading     aloud    (Van     Rensselaer), 

Redlands  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  412. 

Redwood  L.  and  Athenaeum,  New- 
port, R.  I.,  i66th  rpt.,  158;  i6?th 
rpt.,  763. 

Reed,  Mrs.  Lina  B.,  pres.  Twin  City 
L.  Club,  707. 

Reference-books,  of  1896  (Peoples), 
83-88;  selection  of  (Barrett),  103;  for 
a  church  lib.,  163. 

Reference  lists,  indexes  to  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.),  113. 

Reference  notes  on  catalog  cards 
(Crandall),  180. 

Reference  work,  (Woodruff)  €65-67, 
€127,  (Chic.  L.  Club)  706;  articles 
on,  in  The  Library,  43;  for  children. 
(Worcester  P.  L.)  181,  (Springfield 
City  L.)  186-187;  college  and,  354, 
356,  €159-172;  A.  L.  A.  discussion 
on,  354,  €127-129;  libns."  aids 
(Dodge).  €67-70,  €148. 

Reform  Club,  bibl.  of  municipal  gov- 
ernment issued  by,  269-270,  723. 

Reid,  T.  A.,  vice-pres.  Ga.  L.  Club, 

Reinick,  W:,  €192. 

Remminger,  Ehz.   D.,  libn.   Buffalo 

Catholic  Institute,  453. 
Resurrectionists,    bibl.    of  (Bailley), 

368. 
Revere  (Mass.)  P.   L.,  damaged  by 

fire,  no. 
Reviews  (dep.),  43,  211,  269,  314,  359, 

709,  758.    . 
Reviews,  and  criticisms  for  readers, 

QI;  critical,  used  by  N.  Y.  State  L. 

School,  268. 
Revue  Internationale  des  Archives 

des    Hibliotheques  et  des   Musses, 

publication  suspended,  114. 
Reynolds  L.,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  nth 

rpt.,  49-50;  i2th  rpt.,  764. 
Rice,  Helen  W.,  42;  death  of,  767. 


Rice,  Rev.  W:,  death  of,  453;  in  me- 
moriam  (Medlicott),  437-438,  767. 

Richardson,  Ernest  C.,  €192;  books 
of  1896  in  philosophy  and  religion, 
84-85;  libs,  as  factors  in  human  evo- 
lution, 398;  survival  of  the  fittest 
among  books,  €45-47,  €168;  N.  Y. 
P.  L.  building,  €137;  government 
of  college  libs.,  €161;  book  appro- 
priations in  college  libs.,  €163,  Cx64; 
indexes  to  serials,  €170;  program 
com.  College  Section,  €172;  Prince- 
ton Univ.  L.,  764. 

Richardson,  Mary  A.,  €192. 

Richet,  €:,  bibl.  physiologica,  164. 

Ricord,  F:  W.,  death  of,  453. 

Ridgway,  Edith,  €192. 

RidFey  Park  (Pa.)  L.,  49. 

Rigling,  Alfr.,  €192. 

Riverside  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  451. 

Robbins,  Mary  E.,  42;  organizer  Port 
Jervis  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.,  162. 

Roberts,  Isabella  C.,  vice-pres.  Mich. 
L.  Assoc.,  445. 

Robertson,  A.  W.,  classification  in 
public  libs.,  395. 

Robertson,  F.  E.,  bibl.  of  organ- 
building,  278. 

Robertson,  J.  P.,  408. 

Robinson,  Christopher,  408. 

Rockwell,  Anna  G.,  treas.  Ct.  L. 
Assoc.,  94. 

Roden,  C.  B.,  sec.  Chic.  L.  Club,  755. 

Rogers,  Florence  S.,  €192. 

Rood,  Osna,  cataloger  Astor  L.,  113. 

Roper,  Eleanor,  asst.  Armour  Insti- 
tute L.,  40. 

Rosemary  I..,  Richmond,  Va.,  lack  of 
funds.  159. 

Rossettis,  the,  ref.  list  on  (Salem  P. 
L.),  54- 

Rossi  Doria,  Tullio,  bibl.  ostetrica  e 
ginecologia  italiana,  278. 

Rowland,  Carrie  V.,  Ci92. 

Rudolph,  Alex.  J.,  co-operation  com., 
696. 

Rupp,  G:  P.,  €192. 

Russell,  Alma  M.,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute I..  School,  359. 

Russell,  Ja.  E..  observations  upon 
children's  reading,  104. 

Russian  books,  bibl.  ot,  455. 

Russian  names,  transliteration  of,  769. 

Rutherford  (N.  J.)  F.  L.  Assoc.,  36 
rpt.,  451. 

St.  Bride  Foundation  Institute, Lond., 
Catalog  of  Passmore  Edwards  L., 
768. 

St.  Joseph  (Mo.)  F.  P.  L.,  rpt.,  362. 

St.  Louis  (Mo.)  P.  L.,  wedding-feast 
at,  50;  bulletin,  54;  comparative 
statistics,  no;  bill  for  new  building, 
no;  work  with  schools  at  (Crun- 
den),  182;  levy  for  new  building 
defeated,  217;  Magazine,  277;  rpt., 
320;  plans  for  fall  work,  412. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  lib.  assoc.  of.  See 
TwinCityL.  Club. 

St.  Paul  (Minn.)  P.  L.,  isth  rpt., 
320. 

Salem  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  bulletins,  54,  113, 
163,  219,  277,  326,  366,  722,  768;  8tn 
rpt.,  159;  class  list  no.  3,  326;  class 
list  no.  4,  768. 

Salem  (O.)  P.  L.,  50. 

Salley,  A.  S.,  jr.,  bibl.  of  W:  G. 
Simms,  770. 

Salmon,  Lucy  M.,  bibl.  of  domestic 
service,  278. 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  lib.  tax.  recom- 
mended, 362. 

San  Francisco  (Cal.)  P.  L.,  fiction 
catalog,  722;  bulletin,  722,  768;  rec- 
ord of,  743. 

Sanborn,  Kate  E.,  a  word  on  catalog- 
ing, 13;  engagement,  218;  marriage, 
365.  See  also  Jones,  Mrs.  G.  M. 

Sanders,  Mrs.  Minerva  A.,  €122,  €192; 
catalogs,  €124. 


790 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  io  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Sargent,  Abby  L.,  treas.  Mass.  L. 
Club,  704. 

Sartain,  Helen  M.,  €193. 

Saunders,  Enid  M.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  School,  359. 

Saunders,  F:,  276. 

Sayers,  Anna  M.,  0193. 

Scandinavian  libs.  (Steenberg),  397. 

Schaffer,  Mrs.  Eliz.,  bequest  to  Pnila. 
libs.,  274. 

School  libraries.  See  Libraries  and 
schools. 

Schools.    See  Libraries  and  schools. 

Schubert,  ref.  list  on  (Providence  P. 
L.),  163. 

Schumann,  R.,  ref.  list  on  (Fitchburg 
P.  L.),  454. 

Schwab,  M.,  bibl.  of  Aristotle,  455. 

Schwartz,  Jacob,  indicator -catalog 
charging  system  397 ;  questions  of 
originality,  427  ;  "combined  charg- 
ing system"  and  its  critics,  428; 
corporate  entry,  737;  Pilate  forgery, 
767. 

Science,  bibl.  des  travaux  scientifiques 
(Deniker),  368. 

Scientific  American^  reference  cata- 
log supplement  to,  368. 

Scientific  literature,  internal,  catalog- 
ing of,  (Billings)  120,  (Adler)  354, 
Cs8-6o,  Ci68. 

Sclater,  Philip  L.,  bibl.  of,  114. 

Scott,  Angeline,  libn.  and  patriotic 
societies,  80-81 ;  sec.  Ct.  L.  Assoc., 

94« 

Scott,  C:  T.,  chapter  on  nom-de- 
plumes,  770. 

Scott,  Sir  Walter,  ref.  list  on  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.),  722. 

Scoville  Memorial  L.,  Carleton  Col- 
lege, Northfield,  Minn.,  17-^18. 

Scran  ton  (Pa.)  P.  L.,  bulletin  no.  6, 
54;  6th  rpt.,  159. 

Scribner's  "  model  lib."  catalogs,  219. 

Scudder,  S:  H.,  bibl.  of  orthoptera, 
367. 

Seattle  (Wash.)  P.  L.,  increased  ap- 
propriation, 50 ;  bulletin,  55  ;  rpt., 
no,  717-718. 

Sebillot,  Paul,  bibl.  des  traditions 
populaires  de  la  Bretagne,  278. 

See,  Cornelia  A.,  Cigj. 

Seeds,  Jacob  J.,  address  at  public 
meeting  A.  L.  A.,  Cii5-n6. 

Seither,  Alb.  B.,  Cig*. 

Selection  of  books,  (Andrews)  C 70-74, 
("153,  (Norton!  703-704  ;  at  N.  Y.  L. 
School,  40;  for  college  libs.,  (Potter) 
C39-44,  Ci6i,  (A.  L.  A.  discussion) 
Ci6i-i6s. 

Seton  Hall  Coll.  L.,  Newark,  N.  J., 
new  building  for,  450. 

Sewall,  WillisF.,  Gigs- 

Seymour,  May,  42. 

Shaffner,  Mary  H.,  Cio2. 

Shakespeare,  bibl.  of  medicine  of 
(Moyes),  723. 

Shakespeare  memorial,  Stratford-on- 
Avon,  Am.  lib.  contributions  asked 
for,  427;  opposition  to  (Steiner), 
738;  circular  regarding,  751. 

Shandelle,  H:  J.,  Ci92. 

Sharp,  Kath.  L.,  42,  408,  Cigs ;  lect- 
ures on  lib.  extension,  53,  199-200, 
Ci66;  resolution  of  111.  L.  Assoc.  on, 
97  ;  libn.  and  director  Illinois  State 
L.  School,  325  ;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 
697. 

Shaw,  Sybil,  408. 

Sheboygan,  Wis.,  lib.  to  be  estab- 
lished at.  159. 

Sheldon,  Helen  G.,  42,  408.  Cigs ; 
treas.  Penna.  L.  Club,  102;  charging 
systems,  (^63-64,  Ci26. 

Shelf  notation,  a  French  system  of 
(Maire),  253. 

Shepard,  F:  J.,  ref.  libn.  Buffalo  P. 
L.,  366. 

Shiedley  bequest  to  Kansas  City  P. 
L-,  323- 


Shreveport  (La.)  L.  A.,  50. 

Shute  P.  L.,  Lynn,  Mass.,  762-763. 

Sickley,  J:  C.,  Cio3. 

Silliman,  Helen  C..  43. 

Simms,  W:  G.,  bibl.  of  (Salley),  770. 

Skaneateles  (N.  Y.)  L.  A.,  2oth  rpt., 
321. 

Skinner  L.,  Manchester,  Vt.,  dedi- 
cated, 410. 

Slauson,  Allen  B.,  supt.  of  periodicals 
and  newspaper  room,  Congressional 
L.,  453- 

Slave  trade,  bibl.  of  (Du  Bois),  56. 

Sleep,  bibl.  of  (Menace'lne),  723. 

Smith.  Bessie  S.,  Cigy,  libn.  Harlem 
L.,  N.  Y.,  447,  453- 

Smith,  C:  Wesley,  suggestion  for 
charging  systems,  340. 

Smith,  E.  D.,  lib.  gift  to  Menasha, 
Wis.,  452,  748. 

Smith,  T.  Guilford,  C<gy,  chairman 
Trustees'  Section,  355-356.  £174; 
printing  conference  rpts.,  Cyj. 

Smyth,  Albert  H.,  address  at  public 
meeting,  A.  L.  A.,  CITS-US. 

Snell,  E.  H.,  bibl.  of  compressed  air 
illness,  220. 

Snyder,  Helen  M.,  093. 

Socidt£  Bibliographique,  invitation  to 
A  L.  A..  751  ;  '898  conference,  765 

Societies,  libn.  and  patriotic  (Scott), 
80-8 1 ;  publication  of,  for  lib.  use, 
048;  transactions  of,  in  college 
libs.,  Ci6i-i6s;  co-operative  index 
to  publications  of,  C 168-172,  697. 

Society  of  Arts,  circular  on  deteriora- 
tion of  paper,  748. 

Sociology,  bibl.  der  social  -  politik 
(Stammhammer),  164 ;  bibl.  of  Am. 
(Henderson),  723. 

Solberg,  Thoryald,  Cigs;  bibliograph- 
ical possibilities,  210 ;  register  of 
copyrightSj  Congressional  L.,  414- 
415;  printing  of  conference  rpts., 
£97;  description  of  foreign  libs., 

Somersetshire,  Eng.,  bibl.  of  (Green), 

278. 
Somerville  (Mass.)  P.  L.,  bulletin,  55, 

163,  769:  24th  rpt,  217,  277,  722. 
Sqnnenschein,  W.  S.,  bibliographies 

issued  by,  723. 
Soule,  C:  C.,  Cigy,  testimony  before 

Congressional    L.    committee,    14  ; 

rpt.  on  A.  L.  A.  endowment  fund , 

351;  N.  Y.  P.  L.  building,  Ci™. 
South,  lib.  movement  in  the,  76,  291- 

292. 

South    Africa,  public  libs,  in  (Lau- 
rence). 112. 
South  Norwalk  (Ct.)  P.    L.,    oyster 

exhibition,  50;  7th  rpt.,  362. 
Southbridge  (Mass.)  P.  t..,  rpt.,  321. 
South  worth,  Mrs.  M.  F.,  408. 
Spain  and  Portugal,  bibl.  des  voyages 

en  (Foulche'-Delbosc),  164. 
Spalding,     Jesse,    lib.     bequest    to 

Athens,  Ga.,  218. 
Special  collections,  care  of  (Eames), 

C48-52. 

Specialization,  in  lib.  work  (Ander- 
son), 43;  in  Chicago  libs.,  105. 
Speck,  Celeste,  408. 
Spencer,    Ellen,     vice-pres.    Ct.    L. 

Assoc.,  93. 

Spencer,  Mrs.  Mary  C.,  Cigs. 
Sperry,  Ethel  M.,  408. 
Sperry,    Helen,    42,    408  ;    vice-pres. 

Western  Penna.  L.  Club,  313;  libn. 

Carnegie  L.,  Homestead,  Pa.,  767. 
Sperry,  S.  Harrison,  libn.  Iowa  City 

(la.)  P.  L.,  218. 
Spofford,  A.  R.,  retirement  as  libn.  of 

Congress,  340,  366;  vindication,  736, 


36th  rpt.,  363;  service  in  memoriam 

Dr.  Rice,  767. 
Springfield  (O.)  [Warder]  P.  L.,  rpt. 

363- 
Stammhammer,  J.,  bibl.  der  social- 

politic,  164. 

Stanley,  Harriet  H.,  42. 
State  aid,  discussion  of,  (N.  Y.    L. 

Assoc.)  207,  (Dewey)  393-394,  (Mass. 

L.  Club)  444-445;  rpt.  of  A.  I..  A. 

com.  on,  352,  C99.    See  also  Library 

legislation. 
State  constitutions,  ref.  list  on  (Provi- 

dence P.  L.),  326. 
State  library  associations  (dep.),  25, 

93,  148,  204,  262,  308,  443,  690,  752. 
State  library  commissions  (dep.),  24, 

93.  M8,  204,  261,  307,  357,  408,  442, 

698,  751. 
State  library  commissions.      See  Li- 

brary legislation. 
State  ownership,  and  municipal,  ref. 

list  on  (New  Bedford  P.  L.),366. 
Stearns,  Lutie  E.,  Cigy,  libn.  Wis.  L. 

Commission,    262,    276  ;   charging, 

Ci26;  reference  help,  Ci27;  publi- 

cations of  hist,  societies,  £148;  or- 

ganization of  small  town  libs.,  702; 

Menasha  (Wis.)  P.  L.,  750. 
Stechert,  G.  E.,  408. 
Steenberg,  A.   S.,  libs,  in    northern 

Europe,  397. 
Steiner,  Bernard  C.,  408,  Cigy,  novels 

withdrawn  from  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L., 

448;  N.  Y.  P.  L.  building,  CisS;  lib. 

eds.,  Ci46;  resolution  on  election  of 

officers,  (,147-148;  college  instruc- 

tion in  bibliography,  067;  com.  on 

lib.  eds.,  696;  opposition  to  Shake- 

speare memorial,  738. 
Stenographer,  for  readers  in  Boston 

P  L    88 

Stetson'  Willis  K.,  Ci93. 
Stevens,  W.   F.,  Ci93;  N.  Y.  P.  L. 

building,  Ci4o. 
Stevens  Point  (Wis.)  F.  P.  L.,  estab- 


,      . 

Stevenson,  W:  M.,  408,  Cigq;  exclu- 
n   Ca 


767-768. 
poka 


Spokane  (Wash.)  City  L.,  718;  rpt., 
321. 

Springfield  (Mass.)  City  L.  Assoc., 
bulletin,  113,  277,  454,  722,  769;  work 
with  schools  (Medlicott),  186-187  ! 


lished,  321. 

tevenson, 

sion  of  fiction  at  Allegheny  Carnegie 

L.,    127-128,    133-135,    (Harbourne) 

251-252  ;  pres.  Western  Penna.   L. 

Club,  313;  restriction  of  fiction,  759. 
Stewart,  Rose  G..  Cigs- 
Stillman,  Marie  L.,  supt.  circulating 

dept.  Milwaukee  P.  L.,  325. 
Stockwell,  G:  W.  C.,  catafoger  Y.  M. 

C.  A.  L.,  Ware,  Mass.,  162. 
Stokes,  Olivia  E.  P.,  gift  to  Ansonia 

(Ct.)  P.  L.,  274. 

Stone,  F:  D.,  death  of,  453-454. 
Stone.  W:  C.,  Cigj. 
Stonelake,  Isola  P.,  Ci93- 
Storage  batteries  for  lib.  buildings, 

324- 

Stoughton,  Mass.,  lib.  bequest  to,  52. 
Stout,  Hon.  J.  H.,  chairman  Wis.  F. 

L.  Commission,  262. 
Stout  F.  Travelling  Ls.,  Dunn  county, 

Wis.,    institute   held    by,    39,    750; 

meeting  of  officers,  214-215. 
Stowell,  Agnes,  bibl.  of  child-study, 

220. 

Stratford  (Ct.)  P.  L.,  no. 
Stratford  (Ontario,  Can.)   P.    L.  de- 

stroyed by  fire,  765. 
Strike,  why  there  was  no,  439. 
Stuart,  W:  H.,  Cigj. 
Sturbridge,  Mass.,  Hyde  P.  L.  dedi- 

cated, 413,  764. 
Sturges,  Julia  C.,  Cigi. 
Sturgis,  Russell,  aKaTKrehbiel,  H.  E., 

bibl.  of  fine  art,  55-56,  113-114,  211- 

212. 

Subject  headings,  list  of,  new  edition 

proposed  (Jones),  6,  697. 
Subscription  libs.,  development  into 

free  (Willcox),  055-156. 
Sugar  beet,  ref.  list  on  (U.  S.  Dept.  of 

Agriculture),  368. 
Summer  schools,  bibl.  of  (U.  S.  Com. 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


791 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Louis  (Crunden)  182,  at  Milwaukee     Thurston,  Anna  T.,  €193;  graduate        lyn,  N.  Y.,  3<jth  rpt.  271. 
(D9usman)  185.  Drexel  lib.  class,  358.  United  Brethren  in  Christ, 


Survival  of  the  fittest  among  books 

(Richardson),  €45-47. 
Sussmilch,  J.   P.,  bibl.  of  (Willcox, 

Crura)  770. 
Sutermeister,  Louise  M.,  42;  marriage, 

162. 

Sutliff,  Mary  L.,  42. 
Swan,  Eliz.  D.,  €193;  pres.  111.  L.  As- 

soc.,  31. 
Swan,  W:  G.,  lib.  bequest  to  Albion, 

N.  Y.,  365. 
Swansea  (Mass.)  F.   P.   L.,  catalog, 

55- 
Swastika,  bibl.  of  (U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.), 

278. 

Swayne,  Alice  W.,  €193. 
Swayze,  Mary  C.,  4.2. 
Swedenborg,  E.,  bibl.  of,  456. 
Swinburne,  A.   C:,  bibl.  of  (Nicoll, 


Thurston,  Eliz.  P.,  408. 

Thurston,  Mary  D.,  libn.  Leicester 
(Mass.)  P.  L.,  2t8. 

Thwaites,  Reuben  G.,  gathering  of 
local  history  material  by  public  libs.  , 
825  ed.  Jesuit  relations,  114,  113  315; 
reincorporation  of  A.  L.  A.,  128; 
rpt.  of  com.  on  clearing-house,  352, 
€99-100. 

Tilden  lib.  bequests,  decission  on.  52. 

Tillinghast,  W:  H.,  question  of  in- 
dexes, 128;  rpt.  of  A.  L.  A.  co-opera- 
tion com.,  352,  €81-83;  book  lists  for 
lib.  discussion,  678;  nomination  as 
pres.  Mass.  L.  Club  declined,  704. 

Times,  London,  full  set  for  Host.  P. 
L.,  448. 

Title,  an  extraordinary  (Bolton),  442. 

Titus,  Mary  V.,  graduate  Pratt  Insti- 
tute L.  School,  359. 


Wise),  164;  ref.  list  on  (Fitchburg 

P.  I..),  454.  Tobitt.Edith,  €193;'  asst.  Pratt  Insti- 

Sykes,  E.  R.,  and  Pace,  S.,  bibl.  of        tute  F.  L.,  218;  graduate  Pratt  Insti- 


malacology,  22 
Syracuse  (N.  Y.)  Central  L.,  rpt.,  no; 
children's  room,  451. 

Tacoma  (Wash.)  City  L.,  764;  rpt., 

321. 
Tailoring  trade,  bibl.  of,  56. 


., 

tute    L.    School,   357;   acting  libn. 

Omaha  P.  L.,  720. 
Todd,  W:  C.,  gift  for  newspapers  to 

Bost.  P.  L.,  759. 
Tokyo  (Japan)  L.,  rpt.,  452. 
Tolstoi,  Count  L.  N.,  bibl.  of  (Zelin- 

skii),  328. 


rook- 

bibl.  of 
fer),  368. 

United  States,  historical  bibl.  (Bur- 
gess), 368;  bibl.  notes  on  hist,  of, 
416. 

U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Education, 
rpt.  1894-95,  56, 114;  public,  society, 
and  school  libs,  in  the  U.  S.,  315, 
316. 

U.  S.  Congressionaj  L.,  322;  future 
of,  3-4;  work  of  joint  committee  on, 
4,  305;  a  congressional  or  a  national 
library?,  7-9;  A.  L.  A.  hearing  be- 
fore joint  committee  on,  14-16;  pro- 
posed separation  of  copyright  office, 
75,  127;  rpt.  on  construction  of,  in; 
organization  for  1897-98,  143-144; 
handbook,  144;  thefts  from,  160, 
274,  364;  appointment  of  J:  Russell 
Young  as  libn.,  340,  366;  appoint- 
ments at,  379-380,  414-415,  427,  453- 
454)  736;  removal  of  books  and  ar- 
rangements in  new  buildings,  438- 
439i  693;  book-thief  at  Law  L.,  451; 
opened  for  readers,  693;  Thomas 
Moore  controversy,  693-694;  dept. 
for  blind,  764. 

U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture,  lib.  bul- 


AMUW     .lii    U«UV|    L71L/1.    VAf    pV.  OA.lly,    J^O. 

Tandy,  F.  D.,  question  of  indexes,  88,     Tomahawk,  Wis.,  lib.  established,  274. 
303.  Toronto  (Ont.)  Education  Dept.   L., 

Tariff  bill,  proposed  duty  on  books,         rpt.,  323. 

180,  201-202,  208,  210,  263,  313,  (A.  L.     Towanda  (Pa.)  P.    L.,   corner-stone 
A.  resolutions),  357,  380,  390.  €154. 

Tarleton,  A.,  bibl.  of  Adrian  IV.,  722. 

Tasso  L.  and  Museum,  Rome,  dedi- 
cated, 323. 

Tate  P.  L.,  Streatham,  Lond.,  cata- 
log, 722. 


donyms,  180. 

Teachers  and  librarians.  See  Libra- 
ries and  schools. 

Tedder,  H:  R.,  evolution  of  the  public 
lib.,  392;  address  at  conference  L. 
A.  U.  K.,  694. 

Teggart,  F:  J.,  literature  of  lib.  his- 
tory, €35-38,  Ciss;  ref.  list  on  Eng. 
novel  (San  Francisco  P.  L.),  722, 
768;  handbook  of  Am.  libs.,  741- 

743- 
Tekamah, Neb., reading-room  opened, 

764. 
Telephone  for  readers  in  Boston  P.  L., 

88. 

Temple,  Mabel,  42,  €193. 
Tenneroni,  A.,  bibl.  del  Montenegro, 

56. 


letin,    219,  326,  368,    455;   bibl.    of 
poultry,  723;  index  to  Insect  Life, 
724. 
U.  S.  Fish  Commission,  publications 

of.  114. 

U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  bulletin  no. 
laid.  363.  127,  114. 

Trafalgar,  bibl.  of  (Literature),  770.       U.  S.  Navy,  ref.  list  on  (Salem  P.  L.), 
Travel,  books  of  1896  on  (Plummer),         722. 

138-140;  in  North  Am.,  bibl.  of  (U.     Univ.  Club  L..  N.  Y.,  rpt.,  272. 
S.  N.  Y.),  415;  books  in  A.  L.  A.  list     Univ.  of  California  L.,  gift  to,  452; 
(Larned),  Cio6-io8;   list  on  (Hart-        record  of,  742-743. 
ford  P.  L.),  72i. 

Travelling  libs.,  3;  on  railroads 
(Ranck),  10-13;  proposed  in  Neb., 
32-33, 158;  institute  of  Stout  Travel- 


Univ.  of  Cambridge,  Eng.,  catalog  of 

Persian  mss.,  722. 
Univ.    of    Chicago,    lib.    extension 

classes,  22,  28-29;  Record  pub.  by, 


ling  Ls.,  39;  North  Wis.  Assoc.,  39;        276;  settlement  lib.  of,  449. 
for    schools    at    Columbus,   46;    in     Univ.  of  Colorado  L.,  mstri 


Mich.,  47-48;    in  Wis.,  51,   150-151,        biblio 


ruction  in 


at,  217. 


214-215,  698,  751-752;  for  schools  at     Univ.  of  Illinois  L.,  new  building  of 

Allegheny,  155;  in  Washington,  D. 

C.,  160;  for  schools  at  Newark,  319- 

320;  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on  (Thomson),  755, 

€141-143;  in  Iowa,  361;  finding  lists 

of  N.  Y.,  4i_s;  local  supervision  of 

(Hutchins),  €17-18,  €143;  proposed 

for   California,    699-700;    in 


Dunn 

Co.,  Wis.  (Countryman), 
Travelling   pictures,    in    Wisconsin, 
-151;  libs,  of  (Carter),  264,  293- 
294. 
Tredway,  Mary,  408. 


750. 
Wisc 


150-1 

294 


Trenton"  VMo.)"   F.    L.      See   Jewett 

Norris  F.  L. 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  lib.  movement  started, 

321. 

of    the    librarian   (Garland), 


Tennessee,  lib.  legislation  in,  217,  292, 
321. 

Tennessee  State  L.,  rpt.  of  investi- 
gating committee,  iio-ui.  Trials 

Tennyson,  Alfr.,  bibl.  of  (Wise),  278,         129-132. 
723;  ref.  list  on  (Providence  P.  L.),     Trowbridge,  Elise  B.,  €193. 
722.  Troy,  N.  Y.,  lib.  meeting,  764. 

Terre  Haute  (Ind.)  P.  L.,  50. 

Terwilliger,  Mary  S.,  cataloger  Utica 
(N.  Y.)P   L.,447- 


Trustees,  relation  to  libs.,  (Wis.  L. 
Assoc.)  151,  (Cal.  L.  Assoc.)  205; 
women  as  (Wade),  308. 


(Bicknell),  303-304. 
Univ.  of   Illinois   State    L.    School, 

established,  268;  A.  L.  A.  rpt.  on, 

€89. 
Univ.  of   Marburg,   geschichte   dcr 

universitatsbibliothek  zu  Marburg 

(Zedler),  218. 

Univ.  of  Michigan  L.,  rpt.,  ni. 
Univ.  of  Texas,  private  lib.  given  to, 

Univ!  of  the  State  of  N.  Y.,  rpt.  of 
1896  convocation,  43-44;  examina- 
tion bulletin  no.  10,  44;  extension 
bulletins,  no.  16,  261-262,  no.  18,  366, 
no.  19,  415,  no.  20,  698;  rpt.  of  ex- 
tension dept.,  413;  travelling  libs., 
nos.  28-32,  415;  logth  ipt.,  451. 

Upton,  Mary  A.,  €193;  graduate 
Drexel  lib.  class,  358. 

Utica  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.,  pamphlets  found, 


274;  rpt.,  413. 
Utfey,  H:  " 


Thanksgiving  day,  ref.  list  on  (Cleve-  Tufts  L.,  Weymouth,  Mass.,  i8th  rpt., 

land  P.  L.),  54,  (Salem  P.  L.),  768.  274. 

Thomas,  Jos.  C.,  €193.  Turkey,  ref.  listen  (Jersey  City  P.  L.), 

Thompson,  Col.  J.  W.,  €193;  pres.  111.  277. 

L.  Assoc.,  97.  Turner,  Lewis  McK.,  charged  with 

Thompson,  J:  B.,  €193.  stealing    from     Congressional    L., 

Thompson,  Leonard,  408.  160-161,274. 

Thomson,    J:,    €193;    ist   vice-pres.  Tuttle,  Eliz.,  €193. 

Penna.  L.  Club,  102;  rpt.  on  travel-  Twin  City  L.  Club,  organization  and 

ling  libs..  355,  €141-143;  reporter  on  Oct.  meeting.  707. 

open  shelves,  696.  Tyler,  Arth.  W.,  €193. 

Thorburn,  J:,  408;  counting  and  time- 
recording,  398.  Uihlein,  A:,  gift  to  Milwaukee  P.  L., 

Thorn,  Annie,  €193.  274. 


M.,  408.  €193;  work  with 
the  schools  at  Detroit  P.  L.,  184- 
185;  Internal,  lib.  conference,  445; 
pres.  Mich.  L.  Assoc.,  445;  council- 
lor A.  L.  A.,  697. 
Utley,  Mrs.  H:  M.,  408,  €193. 

Vallance,    A.,  bibl.    of   W:    Morris, 

367- 
Van  der  Linde,  Prof.  Antonius,  death 

of,  454. 

Vandervort,  C:  R.,  €103. 
Van    Hoevenberg,    Alma    R.,   €193; 

classification,  €123. 
Van  Hoevenberg,  Eliz.  N.,  €193. 
Van  Ingen,  Eliz.  J.,  death  of,  325. 


79* 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 


Van     Rensselaer,    Martha,    reading 

aloud,  109. 
Van    Sickle,    J.    H.,  vice-pres.    Lib. 

Dept.  N.  E.  A..  389. 
Van  Valkenburgn,  Agnes,  sec.  Wis. 

L.  Assoc.,  152,  €193. 
Van  Vliet,  Jessie,  408. 
Vaughn,  Mrs.  E.  E.,  2d  vice-pres. 

Wis.  L.  Assoc.,  152. 
Venable,  F.  P.,  bibl.  of  periodic  sys- 
tem, 367. 
Vermont  L.  Assoc.,  meeting  with  Ct. 

L.  Assoc.,  95;  joint  meeting  with 

state  lib.  commission,  204. 
Vermont  State  L.  Commission,  joint 

meeting  with  Vt.   L.  Assoc.,  204; 

meetings  with  teachers'  institutes, 

Vidai  de  la  Blache,  P.,  and  others, 

Annales  de  geographic,  722. 
Vincent,  M.  R.,  Age  of  Hildebrand,  56 
Virginia,  bibl.  of  geology  of  (Wat- 
son), 164. 

Wade,  Emily  I.,  women  as  lib.  trus- 
tees, 308. 

Wadleigh,  Mrs.  Harriet  C.,  libn.  Los 
Angeles  P.  L.,  325. 

Wadley,  Mrs.  Moses,  vice-pres,  Ga. 
L.  Club-jio. 

Wagner,  R:,  reading  list  on  (Car- 
negie L.).  163. 

Wales,  Eliz.,  sec.-treas.  Western 
Penna.  L.  Club.  313. 

Walker,  F.  A.,  bibl.  of,  456. 

Walker,  Harriet  A.,  408. 

Walla  Walla,  Wash.,  lib.  proposed, 
in,  274. 

Wallace,  Anna  M.,  Cips. 

Wallace,  Anne,  292,  304,  309,  Ctgy, 
pres.  Ga.  L.  Club,  310;  invitation 
to  A.  L.  A.  from  Atlanta,  (-132. 

Wallace,  Charlotte  E.,  graduate  Pratt 
Institute  L.  School,  359. 

Waltham  (Mass.)  P.  L.  bulletin,  163, 
219,  326,  366,  722,  769;  rpt.,  363. 

Walton,  C:,  C>93. 

Walton,  Genevieve  M.,  vice-pres. 
Mich.  L.  Assoc.,  445. 

Walton,  Lilian,  graduate  Pratt  In- 
stitute L.  School,  359. 

Ward,  Anna  H.,  42;  acting  libn. 
Harris  Institute,  162. 

Warder,  L.  See  Springfield  (O.) 
[Warder]  P.  L. 

Warner,  Mrs.  D.  T.,  vice-pres.  Ct. 
L.  Assoc.,  94. 

Warner,  Mary  G.,  Cigs- 

Warren,  H.  C.,  and  Farrand,  L., 
psychological  index,  no.  3,  328. 

Warren  (Pa.)  F.  P.  L..  rpt.,  m. 

Warren  County  L.  A.,  Monmouth, 
111.,  rpt.,  158. 

Warrington,  Ja.,  Cigs ;  reference 
work,  Ci28,  Ci2Q. 

Warsaw,  N.  Y.,  lib.  proposed,  764. 

Washburn  L.,  East  Bndgewater, 
Mass.,  dedicated,  714. 

Washington,  G:,  catalog  of  books  of 
(Host.  Ath.),  54,  720;  reading  lists 
on,  (Cleveland  P.  L.)  113,  (Fitch- 
burg  P.  L.)  113,  (Paterson  P.  L.)  163. 

Washington,  Lawrence,  asst.  in 
charge  of  Washingtoniana,  Con- 
gressional L.,  454. 

Washington  (D.  C.)  Civic  Centre, 
home  libs,  established,  50. 

Washington  (D.  C.)  F.  L.,  ist  rpt., 
160;  gift  to,  365. 

Washington  (D.  C.)  L.  Assoc.  of, 
annual  meeting,  40;  Jan.  meeting, 
103;  Feb.  meeting,  153;  March  meet- 
ing, 266;  April  meeting,  267;  hand- 
book, 267;  May  meeting,  314;  Oct. 
meeting,  707-708 ;  Nov.  meeting, 

Washington  (D.  C.)  P.  L.,  estimate 

for  appropriation,  50-51. 
Washington  Heights  (N.  Y.  City)  F. 

L.,  29th  rpt.,  362. 


Waterman,  Lucy  D.,  Cigi. 
Watertown  (Mass.)    F.    P.   L.,  agth 
rpt.,  217;  catalog  of  Eng.   fiction, 

w'ate'rville  (Me.)  F.  L.  A.,  work  of 
eight  months,  322. 

Watkinson  L.,  Hartford,  Ct.,  33d 
rpt.,  106. 

Watson,  T.  L.,  bibl.  of  Virginia 
geology,  164. 

Wausau,  Wis.,  lib.  established,  413. 

Weale,  W.  H.  J.,  National  Art  Lib., 
South  Kensington  Museum,  395. 

Webster  City,  la.,  defeat  of  lib.  levy, 
218. 

Webster  F.  L.,  East  Side  House,  N. 
Y.,  Bohemian  books  added,  362. 

Wedmore,  F:,  prints,  220. 

Weeks,  Stephen  B.,  libs,  and  litera- 
ture of  N.  C.  in  the  i8th  century 
(Ranck),  3  6-317. 

Weitenkampf,  Frank,  093. 

Welch,  C:.  training  of  libns.,  393. 

Wellman,  Hiller  C.,  supt.  of  branches, 
Bost.  P.  L.,  53;  reporter  on  branches, 
696;  sec.  Mass.  L.  Club,  704. 

Wells-Fargo  libs.,  752. 

Wesley,  J:  and  C:,  bibl.  of  (Green), 
456. 

Western  Pennsylvania  L.  Club.  See 
Pennsylvania,  L.  Club  of  Western. 

Westpn,  Lydia,  Cigs;  graduate  Drex- 
el  lib.  class,  358. 

Wetzell,  Bertha,  093. 

What  of  the  future?  (Crunden),  Cs- 
ti. 

Wheeler,  Anna,  408. 

Wheeler,  Martha  T.,  42,  408. 

Wheeler,  Dr.  W.  G.,  bequest  to  Fitz 
P.  L.,  323. 

Whelpley,  A.  W.,  exec,  member  O.  L. 
Assoc.,  754. 

Whitall,  Mary  L.,  CiQ3. 

White,  Gilbert,  of  Selborne,  bibl.  of 
(Martin).  723. 

White,  W:  H.,  Wordsworth  and 
Coleridge  mss.,  770. 

White  River  Junction,  Vt.,  lib.  be- 
quest, 766. 

Whiting,  J.,  lib.  bequest  to  Winsted, 
Ct.,766 

Whitney,  Ja.  L.,  408;  rpt.  of  trustees 
of  endowment  fund,  £94-95;  rpt.  of 
finance  com.,  Ci3i;  finance  com., 
696. 

Whitney,  Margaret  D.,  408;  graduate 
Pratt  Institute  L.  School,  359. 

Whitney,  W:  D.,  bibl.  of,  368. 

Whittier,  J.  G.,  rpt.  of  com.  on  state 
aid,  352,  Coo. 

Whittlesey,  Walter  R.,  supt.  Music 
Dept.,  Congressional  L.,  454. 

Widener,  P.  A.  B.,  gift  to  Phila.  P. 
L,  750. 

Wilcox,  D.  F,  bibl.  of  municipal 
gov't.,  769. 

Wilder,  C:  T.,  lib.  bequest  to  White 
River  Junction,  Vt.,  766. 

Wjldman,  Gertrude,  408. 

Wildman,  Mrs .  Linda,  408. 

Willard,  C:,  lib.  bequest  to  Battle 
Creek,  Mich.,  162. 

Willcox,  E.  S.,  Ci94;  Illinois  lib.  law, 
29;  vice-pres.  111.  L.  Assoc., 97;  book- 
marks, £127;  development  of  sub- 
scription into  free  libs.,  C 155-1 56. 

Willcox,  F.  W  ,  and  Crum,  F.  S., 
bibl  of  J.  P.  Sussmilch,  770. 

Williams,  G:  W.,  trustee  endowment 
fund,  356,  Ci48,  696. 

Wjlliams,  Lizzie  A.,  Cig4. 

Williams,  Norman,  trustee  endow- 
ment fund,  696. 

Williams  F.  L..  Beaver  Dam,  Wis., 
bequest  from  J.  J.  Williams  to,  323. 

Williams  L.,  Berkeley  Divinity 
School,  Middleton,  Ct.,  opened,  48. 

Wilmington  (Del.)  Institute  L.,  com- 
parative statistics,  HI;  rpt.,  451; 
handbook  no.  3,  722. 


Wilson,  Minnie  C.,  42,  CiQ4;  bibl.  of 

colonial  New  England,  415. 
Wilson,  R:  E.,  Ci94. 
Wilson,  Ruth,  C  194. 
Winchester,  G:  F.,  CiQ4. 
Windom,  W:,  lib.  given  to  Winona, 

Minn.,  364. 
Wing.  J.  N.,  Cio4;  treas.  N.  Y.  State 

L.  Assoc.,  35;  Poole  memorial.CgS; 

libns.  and  "booksellers,  CMS;  Poole 

memorial  com.,  696. 
Winn,  Marjorie,  lion.  Bisbee  (Ariz.) 

P.  L.,  720. 
Winona,  Minn.,  lib.  given  by  W.  H. 

Laird,  162;  plans  accepted,  364;  lib. 

of  W:  Windom  given  to,  364;  cor- 

ner-stone laid,  451. 
Winser,  Beatrice,  Cig4;  sec.  N.  J.  L. 

Assoc.,  705. 

Winser,  Nathalie,  Cig4. 
Winship,  G:  P.,  408;  Cabot  bibl.,  722. 
Winsor,  Justin,  408;  pres.  A.  L.  A., 

357,  €-148,  696;  councillor  A.  L.  A., 

696  ;  death  of,  677,  689  ;    memorials 

on,  (Mass.  L.  Club)  704,  (Wash.  L. 

Assoc.)  708,  (Calif.  L  Assoc.)  752. 
Winsor,  Mrs.  Justin,  408. 
Winsted,    Ct.,  work    begun    on    lib. 

building,  451;  bequest  to,  766. 
Winthrop,  R.  C.,  gift  to  Yale  Univ. 

L-,  365. 

Wire.  Dr.  G:  E.,  42,  Cig4;  rpt.  on 
Poole  memorial  fund,  153.  CgS  ; 
some  heresies  about  cataloging, 
3,  Ci23;  classification  and  cata- 


loging, Ci2o-i23,  Ci2s;  reference 
help,  £128  ;  Poole  memorial  com., 
696;  reporter  on  catalogs  and  classi- 
fication, 696. 

Wisconsin,  lib.  institute,  39,  698;  lib. 
legislation  in  (Hutchins),  255-256. 
See  also  Travelling  libraries. 

Wisconsin  F.  L.  Commission,  ist 
biennial  rpt.,  24-25;  legislation  in 
favor  of  (Hutchins),  255  ;  reorgani- 
zation, 262;  June  meeting.  358;  plans 
for  fall  and  winter,  408  ;  handbook, 
rev.  ed.,  408;  lib.  campaign,  698; 
pamphlet  on  travelling  libs.,  751- 
752. 

Wisconsin  L.  Assoc.,  Jan.  meeting 
deferred,  38 ;  6th  annual  meeting, 
150-152.  See  also  North  Wisconsin 
L.  Assoc. 

Wisconsin  State  Hist.  Soc.  L.,  Madi- 
son, 44th  annual  meeting,  51;  in- 
creased appropriation  for  (Hutch- 
ins),  256;  rpt.,  322. 

Wisconsin  summer  school  of  lib.  sci- 
ence, 268,447,  Coo. 

Wisconsin  Teachers'  Assoc.:  Lib.  Sec- 
tion, ist  meeting,  38-39. 

Wise,  T:  J.,  bibl.  of  Browning,  55; 
bibl.  of  Tennyson,  278,  723. 

Withers,  Mrs.  Sarah,  lib.  bequest  to 
Nicholasville,  Ky.,  365. 

Withers  P.  L.,  Bloomington,  111.,  bul- 
letin no.  4,  366. 

Wolf,  Lilian.  094. 

Women,  bibl.  of  development  of  (U. 
S.  Com.  of  Ed.),  56  ;  in  public  libs, 
(discussion  Cal.  L.  Assoc.),  308  ;  as 
lib.  assistants  (Mathews),  393 ;  list 
of  documents  on  education  of  <  N.  Y. 
P.  L.),  326;  bibl.  of  the  education  of 
(review),  359-360 ;  and  child  labor 
(bibl.),  456. 

Wood.  Butler,  selection  of  books  for 
ref.  lib.,  43. 

Woodruff,  Eleanor  B.,  Cig4 ;  refer- 
ence work,  C65-6?,  027. 

Wood  worth,  Florence,  42. 

Worcester  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.,  work  be- 
tween lib.  and  schools  (Green),  181 ; 

Wordsworth,  \V:,  ref.  list  on  (Provi- 
dence P.  L.),  113;  mss.  of  (White), 
770. 

orld's  Columb.  Expos.,  bibl.  of 
congresses  (Bonney),  416. 


7 
Wo 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL. 


793 


The  index  to  Pseudonyms  and  Anonyms  follows  this. 

Yale  Univ.  L.,  rpt.,  322;  gift  to,  365.         Y.  M.  L.  A.,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  rpt.,  317; 


Wright,  Miss  C.  D.,  408.  ,  .K..,  ^^,  _„,.  ,.„    <U3. 

Wright,  C:  E.,  graduate  Pratt  Insti-     Young,  J:  Russell,  as  libn.  of  <_on- 

tute  L.  School,  359. 
Wright,    J:,    early   prayer-books    of 

Am.,  220. 


gress,  340,  366,  370-380,  736. 
Young,  Kendall,  lib.  bequest  to  Web- 
ster City,  la.,  218. 


new  book-room  opened,  714. 
Y.  M.  I..  A.,  Augusta,  Ga.,  rpt.,  317; 
children's  room,  409. 


,      .,       .  Y.  M.  L.  A.,  Dubuque,  la    318 

Wright,  P.   B.,  €194;  advertising  at     Y.  M.  A.  L.,  Troy,  N.   Y.,  rpt.,  in;     Youngstown  (O.)  P.  L.,  rpt.,  413,  fund 


St.  Joseph  P.  L.,  Ciso. 
Wlilfing,   E.   A.,    die    meteoriten  in 

Sammlungen  u.  ihre  literatur,  769. 
Wurtemberg,  bibl.  der  Wurtember- 

gischen  geschichte  (Heyd),  723. 
Wyer,  J.  0.,/r.,  Cig4. 

X-rays,  bibl.  of,  (Gilchrist)  278,  (Phil- 
lips) 770. 


Hart  Memorial  L.  dedicated,  321- 
Y.3M'.  C.  A.  L.,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  rpt., 
Y.  M'.  C.  A.  L.,  N.  Y.;  exhibit  of  art- 


for  new  building,  764. 

Zedler,  Gottfried,  Geschichte  deruni- 
versitiitsbibliothek  zu  Marburg,  218. 
Zelinskii,  V.,  bibl.  of  Tolstoi,  328. 


books,  158;  new  building,  763;  rpt.,  Zimmerman,  Margaret  E.,Ci94;grad- 

763-  uate  Pratt  Institute  L.  School,  359. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  L.,  N.  Y.,  R.  R.  Branch,  Zoology,   rpt.    on   bibl.   of    (British 

special  list,  722.  Assoc.),  368. 


PSEUDONYMS  AND  ANONYMS. 


PSEUDONYMS. 


Ack worth,  John— Rev.  F.  R.  Smith, 

114. 
Duchess  —  Suggested     entry    under 

pseudonym,  56. 

Grier,  Sidney — Hilda  Gregg,  114. 
Hope,  F.  T.  L.— F:  W:  Farrar,  56. 
Huntington,  Faye — Mrs.  Theodosia 

Maria  (Toll)  Foster,  724. 


Miolnir  (Naut-eos)— Query  as  to,  56. 
Ogden,    Ruth — Mrs.    Frances    Otis 

(Ogden)  Ide,  164. 
Swift,   Benjamin  —  W:  R.    Paterson, 

Traveler,    A.  C.  —  Mrs.    H.   K.  W. 

Clarke,  164. 
Williams,  Frederick  Benton — Herbert 

E.  Hamblen,  114. 


ANONYMS. 

_  House  of  dreams— W.  J.  Dawson,  416. 
"Socio-economic  mythes   and    mythe- 

makers—  Dr.  H.  Augusta  Kimball, 

56. 
Taken  by  siege — Jeannette  L.  Gilder, 

724. 

rhy  we  punctuate ;  by  a  journalist— 

W.  L.  Klein,  416. 


Wfr 


INDEX   TO   LISTS  OF  FULL  NAMES  IN   V.   22. 


Aber,  Mary  Rose  Ailing. 
Baldwin,  W:  James  St.  John. 
Ballmann,  J:  W: 
Barbour,  Joseph. 
Bayne,  S:  Gamble. 
Benjamin.  C:  H: 
Benton,  Emily  Elizabeth. 
Blow,  Susan  Elizabeth. 
Bombaugh,  C:  Carroll. 
Boyce,  C:  W: 

Brookings,  Walter  du  Bois. 
Burks,  Martin  Parks. 
Camp,  Cyrus  Carpenter. 
Camp,  David  Nelson. 
Charles.  Fred  Lemar. 
Clark,  W:  Lawrence. 
Cochrane,  Clark  Belton. 
Corsa,  W:  Pinckney. 
Cramer,  Michael  J: 
Cross,  Anson  Kent. 
Dalton,  Joseph  Grinnell. 
Davis,  Walter  Alonzo. 
Dean,  Mary  Ida. 
Deering,  James  H: 
Devlin,  Robert  T: 
Ellison,  Lewis  Martin. 
Ewell,  Marshall  Davis. 
Fairchild,  Edwin  Milton. 
Farnham,  Amos  W: 
Ferguson,  L:  Aloysius. 
Fernald,  C:  H: 
Fernald,  James  Champlin. 
Fiske,  T:  Scott. 


769  Foley,  Patrick  Kevin.  277 

769  Forbush,  E:  Howe.  55 

55  Franceschi,  Francesco.  163 

455  Furman,  Howard  Van  Fleet.  219 

769  Galloway,  D:  H:  769 

277  Gerdtzen,  Gerdt  Adolph.  55 

769  Giffin,  W:  Milford.  163 

769  Gill,  A:  Herman.  219 

55  Hall,  H:  Davis.  367 

367  Hamlin,  Alfred  Dwight  Foster.        55 

367  Hawley,  J:  Gardner.  277 

219  Hay,  Oliver  Perry.  55 

163  Hector,    Mrs.    Annie    French 

367         ("Mrs.  Alexander ").  113 

769  Henderson,  Ernest  Flagg.        219,  367 

219  Herron,  G:  Davis.  55 

55  Holmes,  G:  Kirby.  55 

277  Howe,  Herbert  Alonzo.  163 

367  Howell,  Edwin  Cull.  163 

769  Jackson,  Robert  Tracy.  163 

55  Johnson,  John  Butler.  769 

219  Keeler,  Harriet  Louise.  769 

769  Kelley,  James  Douglas  Jerrold.      769 

219  Kellogg,  Amos  M.  769 

455  (Has  no  middle  name  but  the  letter.) 

769  Kelsey,  Francis  Willey.  163 

219  La  Mure,  James  W-  219 

55  Law,  James  Duff.  55 

163  Lewis,  J:  B:  55 

55  Lighthill,  August  P.  163 

55  Lighthill,  E:  Bunford.  163 

769  Loase,  J:  F:  55 

55 


Lord,  J:  Smith.  55 
McMahon,  Joseph  H: 

Marsh,  Joseph  W:  455 

Mason,  Rufus  Osgood.  769 

Mason,  W:  Pitt.  769 
Monachesi,  Mrs.  Nicoladi  Rienzi.  769 

Montgomery,  James  L:  769 

Niswander,  Frank  Josiah.  55 

Not.le,  Frank  H:  769 

Norris,  W:  Fisher.  55 

Noyes,  Arthur  Anderson.  769 

O'Donnell,  James  H:  « 
Oliver,  C:  A: 

Pidgin,  C:  Felton.  163 

Reed,  E:  Armstrong.  367 

Rupp,  G:  Peabody.  769 

Silverstein,  Solomon  Joseph.  55 
Smith,  H:  Harrison. 

Smith,  J:  L.  163 

Spahr,  C:  Barzillai.  163 

Stillman,  T:  Bliss.  455 

Stormont,  Gilbert  Riley.  367 

Taylor,  Joseph  R:  55 

Teggart.  F:  J:  55 

Vanderslice,  J:  Mitchell.  455 

Wenley,  Robert  M:  163 

Wetmore.CrA:  163 

Wilson,  Herbert  Michael.  760 

Wing,  C:  B:  i6§ 

Woodward,  Robert  Simpson.  55 

Wright,  C:  Herbert.  163 

Young,  Franklin  Knowles.  163 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


751 


THE  SHAKESPEARE   MEMORIAL 
WINDOW. 

THE  circular  regarding  the  memorial  window 
in  Shakespeare's  church,  to  which  Dr.  Steiner 
alludes,  in  his  communication  printed  else- 
where, is  as  follows: 

TO   AMERICAN   VISITORS. 

Your  attention  is  respectfully  directed  to  the 
Memorial  Window  in  the  South  Transept.  _  It 
is  being  filled  with  stained  glass  by  the  kind 
gifts  of  those  who  come  here  from  the  United 
States. 

The  design  is  to  represent  America  and  Eng- 
land united  in  the  Worship  of  our  Lord  Jesus 
Christ. 

He  is  shown  in  the  center,  in  His  Mother's 
arms. 

*    On  the  right  hand  side  are  figures  of  Ameri- 
cans, on  the  left  of  Britons. 

Chief  among  the  latter  is  Archbishop  Laud, 
who  first  proposed  sending  a  Bishop  to  America. 

Christopher  Columbus,  Amerigo  Vespucci, 
and  William  Penn  are  opposite,  with  a  picture 
of  the  Landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

When  sufficient  money  has  been  obtained 
there  will  also  be  a  figure  of  Bishop  Seabury, 
and  a  picture  of  his  Consecration. 

The  legend  below  will  be,  when  complete, 
"A.M.D.G.  The  gift  of  America  to  Shake- 
speare's Church  " 

Your  assistance  is  invited  in  carrying  this  out. 
GEORGE  ARBUTHNOT,  Vicar. 

American  Cibrarj}  Association. 

President  (Acting):  R.  P.  Hayes,  State  Library, 
Columbus,  O. 

Secretary:  Melvil  Dewey,  New  York  State  Li- 
brary, Albany. 

Treasurer:  Gardner  M.  Jones,  Public  Library, 
Salem,  Mass. 

INVITA  TION  FROM  THE  SOCIETE  BIBLIO- 
GRAPHIQUE. 

THE  Societe  Bibliographique,  of  Paris,  which 
will  hold  its  third  international  conference  in  the 
spring  of  1898,  as  announced  elsewhere  (p.  765), 
has  sent  a  formal  invitation,  addressed  to  the 
president  of  the  American  Library  Association, 
requesting  the  association  to  "  partake  of  this 
meeting  and  give  an  account  of  its  activity 
during  the  last  10  years."  The  invitation  is 
sent  through  the  general  secretary,  M.  E.  G. 
Ledos,  who  states  that  "  papers  on  particular 
subjects  may  also  be  presented  by  the  members 
of  the  congress." 

State  ILibrarg  Commissions, 

CONNECTICUT  F.  P.  L.  COMMITTEE  :  Caroline 
M.  Hewins,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Hart- 
ford, Ct. 

MASSACHUSETTS  STATE  L.  COMMISSION  :  Miss 
E.  P.  Sohier,  secretary,  Beverly. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  J.  H. 
Whittier,  secretary,  East  Rochester. 


NEW  YORK  :    Public  Libraries  Division,   State 

University,  Melvil  Dewey,  director,  Albany. 

OHIO  STATE  L.  COMMISSION:  C.  B.  Galbreath, 

secretary,  State  Library,  Columbus. 
VERMONT  LIBRARY  COMMISSION  :   Miss  M.  L. 
Titcomb,  secretary,  Public  Library,  Rutland. 
WISCONSIN  F.  L.  COMMISSION  :  F.  A.  Hutchins, 
secretary,  Madison;  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  li- 
brarian, Milwaukee. 

"  FREE  travelling  libraries  in  Wisconsin,"  is 
the  title  of  a  pamphlet  just  issued  by  the  Wis- 
consin Free  Library  Commission,  in  which  a 
part  of  the  work  accomplished  in  the  state  dur- 
ing the  past  two  years  by  means  of  the  travel- 
ling library  system  is  described  by  the  officers 
of  the  commission  and  others  interested  in  its 
work.  We  say  ' '  a  part "  advisedly,  for  it  would 
be  difficult  to  convey  a  full  realization  of  what 
has  been  accomplished  in  this  direction  in  the 
scattered  frontier  communities  throughout  Wis- 
consin. Mr.  Hutchins,  secretary  of  the  com- 
mission, summarizes  the  events  leading  to  the 
establishment  of  the  first  series  of  travelling 
libraries  in  the  spring  of  1896,  through  the  gen- 
erosity of  Senator  J.  H.  Stout,  of  Menomonie. 
The  Stout  travelling  libraries  numbered  16, 
comprising  in  all  500  v.,  when  they  started 
upon  their  journeys  in  May,  1896;  at  the  end 
of  the  year  there  were  37,  and  of  these  34  were 
in  constant  use.  The  success  of  the  work  was 
assured  from  the  beginning;  more  children's 
books  were  added  to  the  collections,  illus- 
trated periodicals  and  magazines,  given  in 
abundance  by  well-wishers,  were  sent  out  with 
the  libraries  and  retained  for  constant  use  at 
the  library  stations,  and  the  beginnings  were 
laid  of  many  small  local  libraries.  In  other 
sections  of  the  state  the  same  work  has  been 
prosecuted  with  similar  results;  Mr.  J.  D.  Wit- 
ter, of  Grand  Rapids,  followed  Senator  Stout's 
example  for  Wood  county;  the  Northern  Wis- 
consin Travelling  Library  Association  has  done 
likewise  for  the  counties  bordering  on  Lake 
Superior;  from  Chippewa  Falls  travelling  libra- 
ries have  gone  out  through  Chippewa  county; 
in  Lincoln  county,  W.  H.  Bradley,  a  lumber- 
mill  owner  of  Tomahawk,  has  established  a 
system  of  these  libraries  for  mill-workers  and 
farmers;  from  the  Stevens  Point  Normal  School 
travelling  libraries  and  travelling  pictures  have 
gone  out  through  Portage  county ;  while  through 
all  these  activities  the  officers  of  the  state  com- 
mission have  been  a  guiding  force. 

Mr.  Hutchins' paper  is  a  "library  tract"  Jn 
the  best  sense  of  the  word.  The  views  of  the 
forlorn  hamlets  and  "cross-road"  stores  which 
are  library  stations,  the  many  incidents,  amusing 
and  pathetic,  of  the  results  effected  by  these 
books,  and  the  glimpses  given  of  the  great  field 
open  to  the  library  missionary,  are  full  of  interest 
and  of  inspiration.  Sample  lists  of  the  books 
selected  are  given,  the  Maxson  book-mark  is 
shown,  and  the  rules  and  salient  points  of  the 
administrative  methods  followed  are  summa- 
rized. In  addition  to  Mr.  Hutchins'  paper 
there  are  short"  articles  on  "  Children's  home 
libraries"  and  "Railroad  travelling  libraries," 
by  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  the  latter  being  based 


752 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


'97 


on  Mr.  Ranck's  interesting  paper  on  the  sub- 
ject in  the  JOURNAL;  a  paper  on  "Travelling  li- 
braries and  women's  clubs,"  by  Mrs.  Charles  S. 
Morris;  and  an  account  of  the  "  Travelling 
pictures  in  Portage  county,"  by  Miss  Mary  E. 
Tanner.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the 
Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission,  in  the 
preparation  and  publication  of  this  pamphlet, 
has  not  only  advanced  the  library  interests  of 
its  own  state,  but  has  materially  aided  the 
cause  of  travelling  libraries  throughout  the 
country. 

State  tibntrn  Associations. 

LIBRARY   ASSOCIATION  OF    CENTRAL   CALL 
FORNIA. 

President:  J.  C.  Rowell,  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 

Secretary:  A.  M.  Jellison,  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute Library,  San  Francisco. 

Treasurer:  A.  J.  Cleary,  Odd  Fellows'  Li- 
brary, San  Francisco. 

THE  regular  meeting  of  the  Library  Associa- 
tion of  Central  California  was  held  Nov.  12,  in 
the  Wells-Fargo  Library  of  San  Francisco, 
President  Rowell  in  the  chair. 

On  the  meeting  coming  to  order  Mr.  Teggart, 
after  paying  a  glowing  tribute  to  the  late  Justin 
Winsor,  introduced  the  following  resolution, 
which  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

"  Resolved,  That  the  Library  Association  of  Central 
California  expresses  its  deep  sorrow  and  sincere  regret  at 
the  loss,  to  the  library  profession,  of  Mr.  Justin  Winsor, 
late  librarian  of  Harvard  University." 

Mr.  J.  B.  Stovall,  librarian  of  the  Wells- 
Fargo  Library,  was  then  introduced,  and  gave  a 
brief  but  interesting  history  of  this  unique  as- 
sociation. It  was  organized  August,  1890,  with 
60  members,  all  employes  of  the  company.  At 
first  only  magazines  were  circulated,  but  the 
success  was  so  great  that  books  were  added, 
the  result  of  seven  years'  growth  being  a  well- 
equipped  library  of  2700  volumes,  including  a 
small  but  useful  reference  library,  and  a  sub- 
scription list  of  70  periodicals,  of  which  from 
one  to  20  copies  each  are  taken.  This  prom- 
ising nucleus  of  a  good  working  library  is 
housed  in  comfortable  rooms,  furnished  by 
the  company,  and  is  supplied  with  newspa- 
pers and  all  the  conveniences  that  go  to  make 
an  attractive  reading-room.  In  January,  1893, 
the  membership  was  extended  to  include  out- 
side agents,  and  a  system  of  travelling  libra- 
ries was  inaugurated.  Boxes  are  provided  that 
will  hold  two  books  and  a  periodical,  or  the 
equivalent,  one  side  of  the  lid  carrying  the 
name  and  address  of  the  agent,  the  reverse  side 
that  of  the  library.  These  boxes  are  sent,  car- 
riage free  b«th  ways,  to  agents  throughout  the 
Pacific  coast  system,  the  present  monthly  circu- 
lation by  this  plan  being  900.  The  subscrip- 
tion rate  is  25  cents  monthly,  payable  in  ad- 
vance, this  rate  making  the  library  almost  self- 
supporting,  although  the  company,  in  addition 
to  supplying  a  room  for  the  library,  clears  off 
any  outstanding  bills,  considering  this  donation 


in  the  light  of  a  good  investment.  The  success 
of  this  library  has  been  the  means  of  opening 
a  reading-room  in  the  company's  office  in  the 
city  of  Mexico,  a  library  in  Kansas  City,  and 
one  in  Jersey  City,  each  under  their  friendly 
auspices. 

The  question  of  a  "  Pacific  coast  copyright 
depository"  was  presented  by  Mr.  F.  J.  Teg- 
gart, who  gave  a  sketch  of  the  origin  of  copy- 
right. He  was  followed  by  Mr.  H.  C.  Nash, 
who,  in  closing,  offered  this  resolution,  which 
was  adopted  : 

"  Resolved,  That  this  association  deems  the  estab- 
lishment of  additional  copyright  depositories  in  the  Unit- 
ed States  a  matter  of  the  highest  importance  to  all  inter- 
ested in  the  spread  of  knowledge  and  culture ;  therefore 
it  is 

"  Resolved,  That  our  representatives  in  Congress  be 
requested  to  use  their  best  endeavors  to  obtain  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  additional  depositories,  and  especially  of 
a  depository  on  the  Pacific  coast." 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  bring  the  mat- 
ter to  the  attention  of  the  California  delegation 
to  Congress. 

Mr.  C.  K.  Jones  read  a  paper  on  "  Calderon 
and  his  times,"  giving  a  vigorous  yet  sym- 
pathetic study  of  this  great  dramatist,  and  a 
careful  summary  of  the  social,  political,  and 
literary  conditions  of  the  i(>th  and  t?th  centu- 
ries, showing,  by  his  treatment,  an  intimate 
knowledge  of  the  subject. 

President  Rowell  announced  that  the  Decem- 
ber meeting  would  be  a  Library  Round  Table, 
in  which  the  association  would  be  joined  by  the 
California  State  Teachers'  Association. 

A.  M.  JELLISON,  Secretary. 

CONNECTICUT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Frank  B.  Gay,  Watkinson  Li- 
brary, Hartford. 

Secretary:  Miss  Angeline  Scott,  Public  Li- 
brary, South  Norwalk. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Anna  G.  Rockwell,  New 
Britain  Institute,  New  Britain. 

CO  LOR  A  DO  LIBRARY  A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  E.  Whltaker,  State  University 
Library,  Boulder. 

Secretary:  Herbert  E.  Richie,  Box  1589, 
Denver. 

Treasurer:  J.  W.  Chapman,  McClelland  Li- 
brary, Pueblo. 

AT  the  November  meeting  of  the  Colorado 
Library  Association  held  in  the  high  school  on 
Friday  evening,  Nov.  12,  the  officers  of  the  pre- 
vious year  were  re-elected. 

Miss  Grace  Espey  Patton,  state  superin- 
tendent of  public  instruction,  spoke  on  "Li- 
braries and  their  work  in  Colorado,"  and  Mr.  J. 
F.  Daniels  gave  an  illustrated  talk  on  "School- 
room decoration."  H.  E.  RICHIE,  Secretary. 

GEORGIA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 
President:  Miss  Anne  Wallace,  Young  Men's 
Library,  Atlanta. 

Secretary:  C.  W.  Hubner,  Atlanta. 
Treasurer:  Miss  L.  A.  Field,  Decatur. 

ILLINOIS  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 
President:   Col.  J.   W.  Thompson,  Public  Li- 
brary, Evanston. 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


753 


Secretary:  Miss  Ange  V.  Milner,  State  Nor- 
mal College,  Normal. 

Treasurer:  P.  F.  Bicknell,  University  of 
Illinois,  Champaign. 

INDIANA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Miss  Elizabeth  D.  Swan,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern, 
Public  Libraries,  215  Madison  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

IOWA  STATE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  W.  H.  Johnston,  Public  Library, 
Fort  Dodge. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Ella  McLoney, 
Public  Library,  Des  Moines. 

MAINE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  E.  W.  Hall,  Colby  University, 
Waterville. 

Treasurer:  Prof.  G:  T.  Little,  Bowdoin  Col- 
lege, Brunswick. 

MASSACHUSETTS  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Miss  Alice  G.  Chandler,  Town 
Library,  Lancaster. 

Secretary:  H.  C.  Wellman,  Public  Library, 
Boston. 

Treasurer :  Miss  A.  L.  Sargent,  Public  Li- 
brary, Medford. 

MICHIGAN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  H:  M.  Utley,  Public  Library, 
Detroit. 

Secretary :  Mrs.  A.  F.  Parsons,  Public  Li- 
brary, Bay  City. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Lucy  Ball,  Public  Library, 
Grand  Rapids. 

MINNESOTA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  Dr.  W:  W.  Folwell,  State  Univer- 
sity, Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  Miss  Gratia  Coun- 
tryman, Public  Library,  Minneapolis. 

NEBRASKA  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION. 

President:  W.  E.  Jillson,  Doane  College, 
Crete. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  L.  Jones,  State  Univer- 
sity, Lincoln. 

Treasurer:  Mrs.  M.  E.  Abell,  Public  Li- 
brary, Beatrice. 

THE  Nebraska  Library  Association  will  hold 
its  third  annual  meeting  in  Lincoln  in  the 
latter  part  of  December,  in  connection  with  the 
state  teachers'  association.  At  that  meeting 
President  Jillson,  of  the  association,  will  present 
a  plan  for  a  general  conference  of  librarians,  to 
be  held  in  connection  with  the  Trans-Mississippi 
and  International  Exposition  at  Omaha  next 
year. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  H.  Chase,  Concord. 

Secretary:  Miss  Grace  Blanchard,  Public 
Library,  Concord. 

Treasurer :  Miss  A.  E.  Pickering,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newington. 

NEW  JERSEY  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 
President:  F.  P.  Hill,  Public  Library,  Newark, 


Secretary:  Miss  Beatrice  Winser,  Public  Li- 
brary, Newark. 

Treasurer  :  Miss  Cecelia  C.  Lambert,  Public 
Library,  Passaic. 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  A.  L.  Peck,  Public  Library, 
Gloversville. 

Secretary:  W:  R.  Eastman,  State  Library, 
Albany. 

Treasurer:  J.  N.  Wing,  Chas.  Scribner's 
Sons,  153  Fifth  avenue,  New  York  City. 

OHIO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  Frank  Conover,  Public  Library, 
Dayton. 

Secretary :  Charles  Orr,  Case  Library,  Cleve- 
land. 

7"reasurer :  Martin  Hensel,  Public  School 
Library,  Columbus. 

THE  third  annual  session  of  the  Ohio  Library 
Association  took  place  at  Cincinnati,  Oct.  27 
and  28,  the  meetings  being  held  in  the  Grand 
Hotel  and  at  the  pleasant  and  commodious  hall 
of  the  Public  Library,  which  had  been  put  at 
the  disposal  of  the  association  by  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  library.  There  were  68  mem- 
bers and  friends  from  various  parts  of  the  state 
in  attendance.  A  notable  and  gratifying  feat- 
ure of  the  meeting  was  the  large  proportion 
(about  one-seventh)  of  library  trustees  present. 

The  two  days  were  pleasantly  varied  with 
business  and  pleasure.  The  papers  presented 
were  vigorous  and  to  the  point  of  local  library 
experiences  ;  discussion  was  prompt  and  spir- 
ited. The  address  of  the  president,  Dr.  A.  W. 
Whelpley,  upon  the  "  Early  literary  history  of 
Cincinnati,"  following  upon  the  first  half-day  of 
visiting,  and  closing  with  a  brief  outline  of  the 
ways  in  which  libraries  and  museums  may 
foster  the  growth  of  art  and  literature  in  a  com- 
munity, was  'a  fitting  introduction  to  the  pro- 
gram which  followed  during  the  next  day  and  a 
half. 

In  his  paper  upon  the  "  Ohio  Library  Com- 
mission," Mr.  Rutherford  P.  Hayes  outlined 
the  growth  of  the  library  demand  in  Ohio,  and 
traced  its  crystallization  by  statute  from  the 
beginning  of  the  Ohio  school  library  law  in  1853 
to  the  present  time.  He  summarized  briefly 
recent  legislation  in  other  states,  noted  the  fact 
of  funds  having  been  appropriated  for  carrying 
forward  the  work  of  the  several  library  com- 
missions, and  stated  what  had  been  accom- 
plished during  the  past  year  by  the  Ohio 
Library  Commission,  which  had  been  obliged 
to  work  without  any  such  convenient  provision. 
The  state  library  had  been  made  a  free  lend- 
ing library  to  any  and  every  citizen  of  Ohio  ; 
56  travelling  libraries  had  been  sent  out  in  the 
course  of  the  year  ;  a  check  list  of  Ohio  docu- 
ments had  been  made  and  an  effort  to  arrange 
and  reclaim  from  the  dust  of  ages  the  moulding 
piles  of  newspapers  and  other  state  publications 
had  been  successful.  He  urged  librarians  to 
publish  to  the  village  and  farming  communities 
of  their  vicinity  the  privileges  in  respect  to 
the  travelling  libraries  extended  by  the  state 
library.  He  pointed  out  the  necessity  for  a 


754 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


liberal  appropriation  to  keep  up  these  libraries 
and  to  increase  their  efficiency,  and  also  made 
recommendations  for  a  uniform  library  law  to 
apply  to  cities  of  30,000  inhabitants  and  over, 
whereby  they  should  be  required  to  establish 
free  libraries  and  place  them  under  the  control 
of  a  non-partisan  board  of  directors. 

On  the  evening  of  the  27th  a  public  meeting 
was  held  at  Library  Hall  for  librarians,  library 
trustees  and  teachers.  A  number  of  pleasant 
addresses  from  prominent  Cincinnati  people, 
Dr.  Dan  Millikin,  Mr.  James  A.  Green,  Rev. 
G.  A.  Thayer,  and  others,  gave  to  the  visiting 
librarians  a  further  insight  into  the  cordial 
spirit  and  hospitable  attitude  of  the  city  toward 
library  work. 

The  College  Section  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  A.  S.  Root,  assisted  by  Miss  Olive  Jones 
and  Mr.  Charles  Orr,  conducted  a  most  inter- 
esting discussion  of  the  merits  of  the  best  10 
reference-books  for  a  college  library  in  the 
several  classes  of  literature.  The  program  for 
the  afternoon  session  of  the  28th  was  divided  so 
as  to  bring  the  papers  of  Miss  Eastman  upon 
"  Library  extension  in  Ohio,"  and  that  of  Miss 
Doren  upon  "  The  relation  of  library  training 
to  library  organization,"  in  the  evening.  Both 
of  these  papers  were  written  with  a  view  to 
opening  general  discussion  upon  the  lines  of 
action  suggested  in  them,  but  for  lack  of  time 
this  was  not  done.  This  was  also  the  case  of 
the  admirable  papers  which  preceded  them, 
that  of  Miss  Margaret  G.  Pierce  upon  "  Library 
advertising,"  Miss  Augusta  L.  Mills'  paper  upon 
"  Some  needs  of  the  library  worker,"  and  Miss 
Hattie  M.  Toler's  upon  "  Library  training  for 
the  public."  Miss  Pierce's  paper  was  illus- 
trated by  a  fine  exhibit  of  the  attractive  and 
original  means  by  which  the  attention  of  the 
Cleveland  library  patrons  is  won  for  the  best 
books.  It  is  a  notable  fact  that  the  circulation 
of  this  library  shows  an  increase  of  over  200,000 
volumes  over  the  preceding  year.  The  increase 
of  that  year  over  its  predecessor  was  1000  ! 

Miss  Eliza  Gordon  Browning,  of  the  Indian- 
apolis Public  Library,  having  been  invited  to 
speak  upon  "The  conduct  of  a  small  library," 
was  listened  to  with  great  interest.  After 
touching  briefly  upon  the  printed  information 
at  the  command  of  the  new  librarian  in  the 
numerous  handbooks,  in  the  library  journals, 
and  in  the  reports  of  the  A.  L.  A.  conferences, 
she  launched  into  the  practical  aspects  of  the 
daily  routine  in  a  library  of  5000  volumes,  with 
an  income  of  $1000  for  all  expenses,  including 
librarian's  salary,  new  books,  etc.  She  pointed 
out  the  necessity  at  the  outset  of  a  scheme  of 
organization  upon  principles  which  should  be 
broad  enough  and  elastic  enough  to  admit  of 
the  library's  growth  in  the  future,  to  prevent  the 
waste  of  doing  over  again  the  whole  thing,  or 
of  seriously  handicapping  the  future  librarian 
in  the  despatch  of  business.  She  advised  free 
access  to  shelves  and  gave  many  valuable  hints 
upon  charging  systems,  binding  and  preserva- 
tion of  books,  bookbuying,  library  rules,  and 
the  tactful  management  of  the  public,  closing 
with  a  sentence  which  will  go  to  the  hearts  of 
those  librarians  once  at  the  head  of  small  li- 


braries now  no  longer  such.  She  says:  "You 
of  the  smaller  libraries  have  an  opportunity  for 
a  good  work  that  the  larger  libraries  can  never 
hope  to  accomplish,  because  what  you  can  do 
with  personal  contact  with  every  one  of  your 
patrons  they  must  seek  to  do  by  means  of  in- 
formation desks  and  lists.  You  can  more  nearly 
approach  the  ideal  libiarianship,  because  it  is 
within  the  bounds  of  possibility  for  you  to  act- 
ually come  into  daily  contact  with  your  people 
and  with  their  wants  and  needs." 

The  entertainment  provided  for  the  members 
of  the  association  was  as  varied  as  it  was  de- 
lightful. The  first  morning  of  their  arrival 
was  spent  in  visiting  the  libraries,  the  art  mu- 
seum, and  the  famous  Rookwood  Pottery.  On 
the  second  afternoon  a  three-hour  trolley  ride 
over  the  hill-tops  gave  them  an  unusually  fine 
view  of  the  city  in  the  glories  of  a  true  Indian 
summer,  and  in  the  evening  following  the  last 
business  session  was  the  pleasant  reception  ten- 
dered them  by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Whelpley  at  their 
beautiful  home  in  Clifton. 

The  place  of  the  next  annual  meeting  has 
been  fixed  for  Dayton,  O.  The  following  offi- 
cers were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year  :  Presi 
dent,  Frank  Conover,  trustee  Public  Library, 
Dayton  ;  Vice-presidents,  Mrs.  Frances  D.  Jer- 
main,  Toledo  Public  Library  ;  Miss  Julia  Hitch- 
cock, Youngstown,  Miss  May  Lowe,  Public  Li- 
brary, Circle ville  ;  Secretary,  Charles  Orr, 
Case  Library,  Cleveland,  Treasurer,  Martin 
Hensel,  Public  School  Library,  Columbus  ; 
Executive  member,  A.  W.  Whelpley,  Ph.D., 
Public  Library,  Cincinnati. 

The  greetings  of  the  Ohio  Federation  of  Wom- 
en's Clubs,  which  has  recently  adopted  as  one 
of  its  objects  the  promotion  and  establishment 
of  public  libraries,  and  which  was  then  in  ses- 
sion at  Piqua,  were  cordially  returned.  A  me- 
morial to  the  late  J.  H.  Spielman,  librarian  of 
the  Public  School  Library  of  Columbus,  was 
presented  by  Miss  Hattie  Toler;  resolutions  of 
respect  to  the  character  and  distinguished  ser- 
vices of  the  late  Justin  Winsor  were  read;  and  a 
vote  of  sympathy  was  extended  to  Mr.  W.  H. 
Brett,  whose  absence  on  account  of  affliction  in 
his  family  was  deeply  regretted. 

ELECTRA  C.  DOREN,  Secretary. 

PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Henry  J.  Carr,  Public  Library, 
Scranton. 

Secretary:  Miss  Mary  P.  Farr,  Girls'  Normal 
School,  Philadelphia. 

Treasurer :  Miss  Helen  G.  Sheldon,  Drexel 
Institute,  Philadelphia. 

WESTERN  PENNSYLVANIA   LIBRARY  CLUB 
President:  W:   M.  Stevenson,   Carnegie  Li- 
brary, Allegheny. 

Secretary-Treasurer:  Miss  Elizabeth  Wales, 
Carnegie  Free  Library,  Braddock. 

THE  fall  meeting  of  the  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania Library  Club  was  held  at  the  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh,  Thursday  evening,  Nov. 
n.  The  executive  committee  of  the  club  were 
so  fortunate  as  to  be  able  to  arrange  for  a  lect- 
ure by  Mr.  George  Ht  Putnam  on  that  evening 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


755 


and  for  this  reason  it  was  thought  best  to  make 
the  meeting  an  open  one,  and  no  business  was 
conducted.  Mr.  Putnam's  subject  was  "The 
rise  and  growth  of  the  property  right  in  books." 
There  was  a  good  attendance,  both  of  club 
members  and  outsiders,  and  the  lecture  was 
much  enjoyed. 

ELIZABETH  B.  WALES,  Secretary. 

VERMONT  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President :  Miss  S.  C.  Hagar,  Fletcher  Free 
Library,  Burlington. 

Secretary:  Miss  M.  L.  Titcomb,  Free  Li- 
brary, Rutland. 

Treasurer:  E.  F.  Holbrook,  Proctor. 

WISCONSIN  LIBRARY  ASSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Dr.  E.  A.  Birge,  City  Library, 
Madison. 

Secretary:  Miss  Agnes  Van  Valkenburgh, 
Public  Library,  Milwaukee. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Maude  A.  Earley,  Public 
Library,  Chippewa  Falls. 

NORTH  WISCONSIN  TRAVELLING  LIBRARY 
A  SSOCIA  TION. 

President:  Mrs.  E.  E.  Vaughn,  Ashland. 

Librarian  and  Treasurer  :  Miss  Janet  Green, 
Vaughn  Library,  Ashland. 


(Elubs. 


CHICAGO  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  Anderson  H.  Hopkins,  John 
Crerar  Library. 

Secretary:  C.  B.  Roden,  Public  Library,  Chi- 
cago. 

Treasurer:  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern,  Public  Li- 
braries, 215  Madison  street. 

THE  November  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Li- 
brary Club  was  held  at  the  Hammond  Library, 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  on  Thursday, 
Nov.  4.  After  a  brief  inspection  of  the  library, 
the  meeting  was  called  to  order  at  8.25  by 
Pres.  Hopkins.  The  president  announced  that 
the  executive  committee  had  appointed  C.  B. 
Roden  secretary  of  the  club  in  place  of  Miss 
Margaret  Mann,  resigned.  The  minutes  of  the 
two  previous  meetings  of  the  club  year,  namely, 
March  and  October,  having  not  yet  been  ap- 
proved, were  ordered  read,  and  were  thereupon 
accepted.  On  the  call  of  committees  it  was 
found  that  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
editing  union  list  of  periodicals  was  not  pres- 
ent, and  the  report  of  that  committee  was  de- 
ferred until  later  in  the  evening.  The  com- 
mittee on  ways  and  means  for  union  list  was 
passed,  as  none  of  its  members  was  in  attend- 
ance. The  president  reported  the  appointment 
of  a  committee  on  permanent  headquarters, 
composed  of  Messrs.  Meleney,  Hild.and  Sud- 
duth.  Mr.  Sudduth  being  called  upon  for  a 
report  from  that  committee,  stated  that  no 
meeting  had  as  yet  been  held,  and  there  was  no 
report.  The  following  persons  were  elected  to 
membership  in  the  club  :  W.  F.  Cooper,  Hervey 
White,  Miss  M.  E.  Swarts,  and  Miss  Alice 
Randall. 

W.  W.  Bishop,  of  Garrett  Biblical  Institute, 


read  the  first  paper  of  the  evening,  his  subject 
being  "The  problem  of  classifying  the  library 
of  a  theological  school."  Mr.  Bishop  pointed 
out  the  shortcomings  of  both  the  Dewey  and 
Cutter  systems  in  the  division  of  theology, 
illustrating  his  remarks  by  many  examples 
from  his  experience  in  the  library  under  his 
care.  A  discussion  of  the  paper  followed,  in 
which  Messrs.  Martel,  Merrill,  Wire,  and  Gates 
took  part.  Dr.  G.  E.  Wire  then  read  a  short 
paper  on  "  Cataloging  the  Deering  collection  of 
mss.  at  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,"  in  which 
were  included  many  valuable  hints  on  the  care 
of  letters  and  mss.  in  general.  The  program 
was  closed  by  Mr.  H.  Gates,  librarian  of  the 
Hammond  Library,  who  gave  a  sketch  of  the 
history,  development,  and  growth  otthe  library, 
and  added  a  graceful  welcome  to  the  club.  At 
the  conclusion  of  the  program  the  report  of  the 
committee  on  editing  union  list  was  called  up, 
and  Mr.  C.  W.  Andrews,  chairman,  stated  that 
it  gave  him  great  pleasure  to  be  able  to  report 
the  practical  completion  of  all  preliminaries. 
Fifteen  libraries  had  sent  in  their  lists,  and  the 
actual  work  of  compilation  could  begin  at 
once.  The  committee  intended  to  call  for  vol- 
unteers to  do  this  work  very  soon  ;  perhaps 
within  a  week,  certainly  within  the  month. 
The  report  was  accepted.  There  being  no 
further  business,  the  meeting  then  adjourned. 
C.  B.  RODEN,  Secretary. 

THE  December  meeting  of  the  Chicago  Libra- 
ry Club  was  held  at  the  Chicago  Academy  of 
Sciences,  on  Thursday  evening,  Dec.  2,  Pres. 
A.  H.  Hopkins  in  the  chair.  The  minutes  of 
the  previous  meeting  were  read  and,  with  a 
slight  correction,  approved.  The  secretary  re- 
ported a  recommendation  from  the  executive 
committee  for  the  appointment  of  a  committee 
by  the  club  to  co-operate  with  the  Illinois  State 
Library  Association  in  its  project  of  compiling 
statistics  of  the  libraries  of  the  state,  and  read 
a  communication  from  Mr.  A.  G.  S.  Josephson, 
advocating  such  action.  Col.  J.  W.  Thompson, 
president  of  the  Illinois  State  Library  Associa- 
tion, speaking  in  support  of  the  plan,  said  that 
he  was  glad  to  hear  the  recommendation;  that 
he  had  received  several  letters  from  different 
parts  of  the  state  inquiring  as  to  the  position  of 
the  Chicago  libraries  in  the  matter,  and  that 
this  club,  being  the  leading  organization  in  the 
state,  was  taking  the  right  step  in  preparing  to 
collect  the  statistics  for  the  city,  and,  possibly, 
for  Cook  county.  Mr.  Bishop  moved  that  the 
chair  be  authorized  to  appoint  a  committee,  of 
such  number  as  seemed  to  him  most  desirable, 
to  compile  a  table  of  statistics  of  the  libraries 
of  Cook  county.  After  remarks  by  Mr.  Bishop 
and  the  president,  the  motion  was  carried. 

C.  W.  Andrews,  chairmain  of  the  committee 
on  editing  union  list  of  periodicals,  reported 
that  that  committee  had  held  two  meetings,  but 
that  there  had  not  been  a  full  attendance  at 
either  of  them,  and  therefore  he  was  at  present 
unwilling  to  make  a  definitive  statement  as  to 
numerous  details  under  consideration.  The 
forms  to  be  used  in  compiling  the  list  were  in 
the  hands  of  the  printer,  and  the  actual  work 
could  begin  as  soon  as  these  slips  were  ready. 


756 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{December,  '97 


He  suggested  that  the  club  appropriate  the  sum 
of  $30  to  cover  the  cost  of  cutting  and  pasting 
the  Boston  periodical  list,  which  it  was  intended 
to  use  as  a  basis,  stating  that  a  great  expenditure 
of  time  and  labor  would  be  avoided  by  having 
this  work  done  by  other  hands.  After  several 
questions  from  members,  and  some  further  ex- 
planations from  Mr.  Andrews,  it  was  voted  to 
appropriate  a  sum  not  exceeding  $30,  for  the 
purpose  suggested. 

Mr.  Bishop  presented  for  distribution  a  num- 
ber of  copies  of  a  periodical,  and  a  circular  re- 
lating to  Lake  wood  and  Jamestown,  N.  Y.,  of 
interest  in  connection  with  the  next  conference 
of  the  American  Library  Association. 

The  following  were  elected  to  membership : 
Zella  F.  Adams,  Elizabeth  Porter  Clarke, 
Eleanor  Warwick,  C.  R.  Hastings. 

The  first  paper  of  the  evening's  program  was 
read  by  Miss  M.  E.  Ahern  on  the  "  Post-confer- 
ence trip  of  the  A.  L.  A.  in  England."  Miss 
Ahern  gave  an  entertaining  outline  of  the 
journey,  filling  in  with  brief  accounts  of  various 
points  of  interest  visited,  and  illuminating  her 
narrative  with  many  anecdotes  and  apt  illustra- 
tions. Mr.  Andrews  followed  with  an  address 
on  some  recent  plans  for  co-operative  bibliog- 
raphy. The  speaker  detailed  the  projects  and 
proceedings  of  the  Brussels  conference,  dwelt 
upon  the  schemes  of  the  Royal  Society  in  Lon- 
don, and  finally  set  forth  the  plan  of  those  five 
libraries  of  the  United  States  that  have  under- 
taken to  analyze  the  publications  of  certain 
learned  societies,  and  to  furnish  these  entries  in 
quantities  for  general  distribution. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  program  a  vote  of 
thanks  was  tendered  to  Mr.  F.  C.  Baker  and 
others  in  authority  in  the  Chicago  Academy  of 
Sciences,  for  the  courteous  welcome  extended 
to  the  club.  C.  B.  RODEN,  Secretary. 

MIL  WA  UKEE  LIBRA  R  Y  ROUND  TA  BLE. 

"  A  little  work,  a  little  play 
To  keep  us  going — and  so,  good-day ! " 

NEW  YORK  LIBRARY  CLUB. 

President:  A.  E.  Bostwick,  N.  Y.  Free 
Circulating  Library. 

Secretary:  T:  W.  Idle,  Columbia  University 
Library. 

Treasurer:  Miss  Theresa  Hitchler,  N.  Y. 
Free  Circulating  Library. 

THE  second  meeting  of  the  season,  1897-98, 
was  held  at  the  New  York  Free  Circulating  Li- 
brary, Jackson  Square  Branch,  251  West  I3th 
street,  New  York,  on  Thursday,  Nov.  ir. 

Dr.  John  S.  Billings,  director  of  the  New 
York  Public  Library,  opened  what  proved  to  be 
and  interesting  and  lively  discussion  on  "  The 
disinfection  of  books."  Speaking  of  the  various 
methods  employed  in  disinfection,  Dr.  Billings 
said  that  in  dealing  with  books  neither  dry  heat 
nor  moist  or  steam  heat,  both  efficacious  to  a 
degree,  could  for  obvious  reasons  be  used;  the 
tendency  being  to  curl  the  leaves  and  warp  and 
crack  the  covers  —  in  short,  to  spoil  the  book. 
For  similar  reasons  some  chemicals  could  not  be 
resorted  to,  they  often  offering  additional  ob- 
jection in  imparting  unpleasant  and  pungent 


odors.  Sulphur,  which  used  to  be  the  great 
disinfectant,  will  not,  Dr.  Billings  said,  destroy 
quite  a  number  of  bacteria.  Burning  sulphur 
is  still  used  as  a  disinfectant,  but  it  is  injurious 
to  both  color  and  fabric.  After  touching  on  the 
nature  of  many  diseases  due  to  the  working  of 
the  bacilli,  Dr.  Billings  continued  in  an  explana- 
tion of  various  experiments  made  under  his 
direction  two  years  ago  in  an  effort  to  find  a 
perfect  disinfectant  for  books,  the  use  of  which 
would  not  bring  in  its  train  a  contra  account 
for  loss  and  repairs.  The  desired  object  was 
attained  in  the  use  of  formaldehyde,  which  Dr. 
Billings  declared  to  be  perfect  in  its  working  to 
destroy  germs  of  any  and  all  diseases.  The 
modus  operandi,  briefly  stated,  consists  in  placing 
the  volumes  to  be  treated  in  an  air-tight  cham- 
ber; a  quantity  of  formaldehyde  is  then  poured 
into  a  vessel,  which  in  turn  is  placed  over  a 
lamp  in  with  the  books.  The  chemical  volati- 
lizes at  a  temperature  of  210°  F.,  and,  prop- 
erly applied  at  or  above  that  temperature,  will 
do  all  that  is  desired  in  about  15  minutes.* 

In  reply  to  interrogations  Dr.  Billings  said 
that  the  Ohio  Board  of  Health  had  found  six 
cases  of  scarlet  fever  traceable  to  the  use  of 
books  from  a  circulating  library;  but  he,  pre- 
sonally,  knew  of  but  one  case.  There  is  no 
evidence  that  any  other  diseases  had  been  con- 
tracted in  the  use  of  books.  To  a  question 
touching  catalog  cards  Dr.  Billings  said  that, 
although  they  were  just  as  likely  to  be  the 
means  of  communicating  disease,  he  thought 
there  was  practically  no  danger;  they  could  be 
readily  disinfected  as  suggested  if  it  were 
thought  desirable. 

The  discussion  ended,  Dr.  Billings  exhibited 
the  sketch-plans  of  the  proposed  building  for 
the  New  York  Public  Library,  and  explained 
in  detail  all  the  features  which  are  to  make  up 
the  finest  and  best  equipped  library  building 
of  its  kind  in  the  country.  Instancing  some  of 
the  salient  points  —  the  lending  department, 
periodicals,  delivering,  packing,  etc.,  will  be  on 
the  lower  floor  as  being  most  convenient  of 
access.  Special  collections,  such  as  Americana, 
Bibles,  Shakespeariana,  Miltoniana,  Waltoni- 
ana,  etc.,  in  which  the  Lenox  Library  is  very 
rich,  will  find  a  permanent  home  on  the  second 
floor;  the  main  reading-room  will  be  on  the 
third  floor,  where  also  will  be  found  the  picture 
gallery,  prints,  mss.,  and  other  collections. 
Provision  is  made  for  a  library  for  the  blind,  a 
photograph  gallery,  and  a  restaurant.  There 
will  also  be  a  room  for  children.  The  building 
is  to  cost  $2,500,000,  and  is,  as  is  well  known, 
to  be  erected  at  Forty-second  street  and  Fifth 
avenue.  THOMAS  W.  IDLE,  Secretary. 

LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION   OF   WASHINGTON 

CITY. 

President:  W.  P.  Cutter,  U.  S.  Dept.  of 
Agriculture. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer :  F.  H.  Parsons,  U. 
S.  Naval  Observatory. 

THE  a6th  regular  meeting  of  the  Library 
Association  of  Washington  City  was  held  at  the 

*  For  an  account  of  the  processes  and  results  of  the  ex- 
periments with  formalin,  see  L.  }.,  August,  1897,  p.  388. 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


757 


Columbian  University,  Nov.  24,  1897.  About 
65  members  and  visitors  were  present.  In  the 
absence  of  President  W.  P.  Cutter,  Mr.  Theo-  • 
dore  Cole  presided.  The  following  persons 
were  elected  to  membership  :  Hon.  John  Rus- 
sell Young,  Librarian  of  Congress,  Dr.  Charles 
E.  Munroe,  dean  of  the  Corcoran  Scientific 
School,  Rev.  A.  H.  Ames,  Miss  Eva  Lawton, 
assistant  cataloger  Library  of  Congress,  and 
Mr.  Frank  A.  Birgfeld,  of  the  National  Mu- 
seum. 

The  death  of  Mr.  David  Fitzgerald,  libra- 
rian of  the  War  Department  and  a  member  of 
the  association,  was  announced,  and  short 
biographical  notices  which  had  been  prepared 
by  Gen.  A.  W.  Greely  and  Mr.  J.  W.  Cheney 
were  read.  A  committee  was  appointed  to 
prepare  suitable  resolutions. 

Mr.  Thorvald  Solberg,  Register  of  Copy- 
rights, read  an  interesting  and  instructive 
paper,  entitled  "  Impressions  of  European  libra- 
ries." Mr.  Solberg  visited  between  the  years 
1887  and  1896  the  most  prominent  libraries  in 
Great  Britain,  France,  Spain,  Italy,  Switzer- 
land, Germany,  Scandinavia,  and  Holland, 
and  it  is  hoped  that  this  paper  will  prove  to  be 
only  the  first  of  series,  as  the  time  was  too 
limited  to  give  more  than  the  names  of  many  of 
the  libraries.  F.  H.  PARSONS,  Secretary. 

TWIN  CITY  LIBRARY  CLUB  (MINNEAPOLIS 
AND  ST.  PAUL). 

President:  Mrs.  L.  B.  Reed,  Public  Library, 
Minneapolis. 

Secretary  and  Treasurer:  Miss  Lettie  M. 
Crafts,  University  of  Minnesota  Library,  Min- 
neapolis. 

Cibrarg  Schools  anb  Straining  Classes. 

NEW  YORK  STA  TE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

THE  following  bibliography  and  thesis  sub- 
jects have  been  chosen  by  the  senior  class. 

The  character  of  this  work  is  strengthening 
every  year.  The  active  co-operation  of  libra- 
rians and  other  educators  is  needed  for  the 
best  results.  The  bibliography  on  "  Study  and 
teaching  of  history  "  is  prepared  by  request  of 
the  Committee  of  Seven  on  the  study  of  history 
in  schools,  a  committee  of  the  American  His- 
torical Association.  All  bibliographies  and 
reading  likely  to  be  of  general  interest  and 
value  will  be  issued  in  the  bibliographic  series 
of  New  York  State  Library  bulletins.  Numbers 
2,  3,  and  4  of  this  series  were  characterized  by 
the  LIBRARY  JOURNAL  (Aug.,  1897)  as  careful 
and  painstaking  work. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY   SUBJECTS. 

Biography  of   musicians.     In  English.     A.  L. 

Bailey. 

Photography,  i88o-date.     E.  A.  Brown. 
Hereditary  patriotic  societies  of  the  U.  S.     W: 

B.  Cook,  Jr. 
New  York  history  before  the   revolution.     C: 

A.  Flagg  and  J.  T.  Jennings. 
Single  tax.     Ethel  Garvin. 


Illustrative  material  for  nature  study  in  primary 

schools.  (Select.)  C.  W.  Hunt. 
History  of  the  i6th  century.  (Reading  list.) 

O.  M.  Imhoff. 

Russia.     (Reading  list.)    A.  L.  Morse. 
The  Adirondacks.     C.  A.  Sherrill. 
College  libraries.     Hugh  Williams. 
Robert  Louis  Stevenson.     E.  S.  Wilson. 
Study  and  teaching  of   history   in   elementary 

and  secondary  schools.     J.  I.  Wyer. 

THESIS   SUBJECTS. 

Laws  governing  selection  of  books,  illustrating 

by  "Quo  vadis."  A.  L.  Bailey. 
Children's  reading.  E.  A.  Brown. 
Some  new  phases  of  library  extension.  W:  B. 

Cook,  Jr. 

Duplicates.     C.  A.  Flagg. 
Comparison    of    library    schools    and   training 

classes.     Ethel  Garvin. 
Ethical   influence  of  nature  books  on  children 

under  10.     C.  W.  Hunt. 
What  a  librarian  can  do  for  his  assistants.     O. 

M.  Imhoff. 

Publishers.     A.  L.  Morse. 
Book  annotation.     C.  A.  Sherrill. 
Principles  governing  selection  of  biography  for 

public  libraries.     E.  S.  Wilson. 
Library  instruction  in  a  college  course.     Hugh 

Williams. 
Some  principles  of  book  selection,  illustrating 

by  "  Farthest  north."     J.  I.  Wyer. 

SALOME  CUTLER  FAIRCHILD. 

PR  A  TT  INSTITUTE  LIBRARY  SCHOOL. 

CLASS  OF  1898. 

THE  school  opened  Oct.  4  with  the  following 
class  : 

Adams,  Elsie,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
Buckman,    Edith   P.,    Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  B.A., 

Barnard  College; 

Gooch,  Harriet  B.,  Louisville,  Ky. ; 
Day,  Sarah  C.,  Hartford,  Ct. ; 
Hassler,  Harriot  E.,  Meadville,  Pa.,  Allegheny 

College; 

Hinsdale,  Louise  G.,  Lakewood,  N.  J.; 
Hopkins,    Mrs.    Annie    K.    G.,    Provincetown, 

Mass. ; 

Hutchinson,  Susie  A.,  Branford,  Ct. ; 
McCarty,    Harriet   D.,    Pittsburgh,   Pa.,   B.L., 

Pennsylvania  College  for  Women: 
Nutting,  William  W.,  Pelham,  N.  Y.,  Carleton 

College; 

Parmele,  Ella  G.,  Chicago,  111.; 
Parker,  Mary  C.,  Elyria,  O.,  Oberlin  College; 
Rankin,  Julia  T.,  Atlanta,  Ga. ; 
Sanborn,  Alice  E.,  Newtown  Centre,  Mass.; 
Smith,  Spencer  C.,  East  Orange,  N.  J.; 
Stevens,   Elizabeth   C.,  White   Plains,    N.    Y., 

Ph.B.,  Wesleyan  University; 
Turner,  Emily,  Quincy,  111.; 
Wadhams,  Lucy  B.,  Goshen,  Mass.; 
Williams,  Mary,  Brookline,   Mass.,   Mass.   In- 
stitute of  Technology. 

The  Graduates'  Association  of  the  library 
school  gave  a  reception  on  the  evening  of  Nov. 
9  to  the  incoming  class.  All  the  classes  of 
previous  years  were  represented,  and  the  social 
meeting  proved  very  pleasant. 


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THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


Uetnctue. 


MONROE,  Will  S.     Bibliography  of  education. 

N.  Y.,  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  1897.    24  +  202  p. 

(International  education  ser.,  no.  42.)  D. 

This  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  useful 
contributions  to  bibliography  made  this  year, 
and  its  value  to  librarians  is  hardly  less  than  its 
value  to  teachers.  Based  primarily  upon  the 
author's  private  pedagogical  collection,  it  has 
been  extended  to  embrace  in  all  about  3200 
books  or  pamphlets  relating  to  the  subject,  and 
modelled  to  serve  as  a  compact  yet  adequate 
guide  in  the  ever-widening  field  of  educational 
literature.  The  increase  in  this  literature  has 
been  especially  notable  in  recent  years,  and,  as 
Mr.  Monroe  points  out,  there  is  a  growing  ten- 
dency to  emphasize  its  importance  in  schools, 
colleges,  and  libraries.  Of  course,  much  of  the 
most  important  educational  literature  is  found 
in  periodicals,  but  the  great  mass  of  this  ma- 
terial prevented  its  inclusion  in  the  present  work. 
The  bibliography,  with  the  exception  of  works 
of  reference,  indicating  sources  of  information, 
has  also  been  limited  to  publications  in  the 
English  language,  but  "as  much  care  has  been 
taken  to  secure  the  titles  of  British  books  as  of 
American." 

Books  are  classified  under  22  different  groups, 
each  group  having  various  divisions  and  sub- 
divisions, and  the  bibliography  proper  being 
prefaced  by  a  list  of  publishers  with  addresses, 
and  supplemented  by  an  author  and  subject  in- 
dex. The  first  group  covers  Works  of  reference, 
divided  into  (a)  Bibliographies  and  (l>)  Cyclo- 
paedias, with  further  divisions  for  American 
and  English  and  French  and  German  books. 
Then  follows  History  of  education,  including 
biography,  divided  by  countries  and  by  institu- 
tions or  periods  under  subjects.  Theory,  Prin- 
ciples and  practice,  and  Methods  of  education 
give  further  main  classes,  with  many  secondary 
divisions. 

The  main  headings  that  follow  show  the 
broad  lines  of  the  subject ;  they  cover  School 
administration,  Kindergarten,  Education  of 
colored  children,  Education  of  defective  chil- 
dren, Professional  education,  Manual  train- 
ing, Philosophy,  Psychology,  Moral  education, 
Physical  education  and  school  hygiene,  Educa- 
tion of  women,  Self-culture  and  home  education, 
School  systems,  Educational  conferences  and 
exhibits,  American  reports  (national,  state,  and 
city),  and  Educational  journals.  The  cross- 
references  are  infrequent  and  as  no  entries  are 
repeated  it  often  happens  that  a  book  ap- 
pears under  but  one  of  several  subjects  to  which 
it  relates  in  almost  equal  proportion.  The  en- 
tries, though  not  in  thoroughly  bibliographical 
form, 'are  Compact,  yet  sufficiently  full,  giving 
paging,  number  of  volumes,  place,  and  date  of 
publication,  and  publisher's  name  ;  there  is 
some  waste  of  space  in  the  repetition  of  an 
author's  name,  and  frequent  typographical  in- 
consistencies —  as  in  such  successive  entries  as 
"Augustine,"  "Augustine,  St.,"  and  "Augus- 
tine, Saint  "  —  but  these  are  minor  points.  Fre- 
quent and  excellent  annotations  are  given,  and 


as  a  rule  publications  that  arc  unobtainable  and 
out  of  print  have  been  wisely  omitted.  In  the 
selection,  annotation,  and  classification  of  the 
books  listed,  the  author  has  had  the  help  and 
suggestions  of  many  educational  specialists,  and 
the  results  attained  show  the  effect  of  careful 
and  painstaking  work.  The  classification,  so 
far  as  it  can  be  judged  from  a  necessarily  brief 
survey,  seems  to  embody  adequately  a  definite 
purpose,  and  to  be  well  adapted  for  guidance 
in  general  or  special  pedagogical  study.  Now 
and  then  the  lines  seem  too  loosely  drawn,  as 
in  the  inclusion  of  several  general  series  of  edu- 
cational books  under  Encyclopaedias  ;  and,  as 
in  all  bibliographies,  it  is  possible  to  point  out 
sins  of  omission  as  well  as  faults  of  commis- 
sion. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  arrangement  of  this 
bibliography,  with  its  multiplied  headings,  sub- 
headings, and  minor  divisions,  makes  the  index 
the  only  available  clue  to  the  contents  of  the 
book,  yet  this  index,  full  as  it  is,  does  not  ade- 
quately meet  the  demands  upon  it.  The  first 
random  test  revealed  several  serious  omissions, 
perhaps  the  most  noticeable  being  the  lack  of 
any  reference  either  to  New  York  or  Wiscon- 
sin, though  the  large  educational  literature 
which  both  of  these  states  have  evoked  is  en- 
tered under  various  headings,  and  the  omission 
of  the  New  England  Primer,  which  appears  only 
in  class  vi.,  School  administration,  under  section 
6,  School-books.  As  an  error  of  this  sort  means 
that  the  book  omitted  is  practically  buried,  it 
will  be  seen  that  these  defects  are  serious,  and 
tend  to  awaken  a  lack  of  confidence  in  the  thor- 
oughness of  the  index  that  is,  perhaps,  hardly 
justified.  The  form  of  a  classified  catalog 
which  the  author  has  chosen  is  probably  the 
best  adapted  for  a  work  of  this  sort,  but  this 
bibliography  emphasizes  the  importance  of  a 
thorough  dictionary  index  to  any  classified  list. 

Dr.  William  T.  Harris,  editor  of  the  series, 
contributes  a  short  preface,  in  which  he  points 
out  the  special  features  of  the  book,  and  its 
value  as  a  tool  to  librarians  and  to  teachers,  and 
Mr.  Monroe,  in  a  modest  introduction,  outlines 
its  scope  and  characteristics.  In  putting  this 
valuable  material  at  the  service  of  his  fellow- 
workers  the  author  has  earned  the  gratitude  of 
the  educational  public  and  of  all  workers  in 
bibliography. 

PEABODY  INSTITUTE.  Second  catalogue  of  the 
Library  of  the  Peabody  Institute  of  the  City 
of  Baltimore;  including  the  additions  made 
since  1882.  Parts  i:A-B;  2:C-D.  Balti- 
more, 1896-97.  2  v.  Q.  [7]  +  584  p.;  [4] 
+  585-1186  p. 

The  first  catalog  of  the  Peabody  Institute  was 
frequently  referred  to  in  the  L.  j.  as  its  several 
volumes  were  issued,  especially  in  the  reports 
on  cataloging  read  at  meetings  of  the  A.  L.  A., 
and  the  consensus  of  opinion  was  unanimous  as 
to  its  usefulness  to  librarians  and  to  readers  in 
libraries  fortunate  enough  to  possess  copies. 
Mr.  Noyes,  compiler  of  the  classed  catalog  of 
the  Brooklyn  Library,  criticised  it  mainly  be- 
cause it  was  a  dictionary  catalog  and  open  to 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


759 


criticism  from  his  point  of  view.  But  each  vol- 
ume was  gladly  welcomed,  and  by  none  more 
gladly  than  by  those  best  qualified  to  appre- 
ciate the  work  involved  in  its  production,  the 
librarians  and  catalogers  engaged  in  similar 
work. 

For  a  long  time  it  was  expected  that  a  single 
supplementary  volume  would  cover  the  addi- 
tions made  to  the  library  while  the  first  catalog 
was  printing;  but  here  we  have  two  volumes 
running  to  nearly  1200  pages  covering  only  the 
letters  A-D.  The  compilers  have  taken  ad- 
vantage of  their  own  experience,  as  well  as  of 
the  criticisms  and  suggestions  made  during  the 
printing  of  the  first  catalog,  and  believe  that 
this  "  may  be  found  even  more  comprehensive 
and  fuller  in  detail  than  the  first,  not  only  ex- 
tending subjects  already  included  in  that  but 
giving  many  others  not  found  in  it." 

Contents  of  collected  works  are  given  under 
the  name  of  the  author  and  also  under  their  re- 
spective subjects.  It  has  to  some  seemed  su- 
perfluous to  repeat  the  entries  in  "  Poole's  in- 
dex "  and  its  continuations  in  a  general  library 
catalog,  but  this  practice  having  been  begun  it 
has  been  continued,  and  now  the  entries  are 
given  under  the  authors  as  well  as  subjects. 
Analytical  entries  have  been  very  freely  made 
of  books  as  well  as  of  serial  publications.  All 
such  special  work,  while  costly  to  the  maker, 
puts  all  who  are  benefited  by  it  under  lasting 
obligation,  and  adds  very  greatly  to  the  capital 
of  library  workers  everywhere. 

On  behalf  of  all  such  workers  we  beg  to  ex- 
tend to  the  trustees  and  management  of  the 
Peabody  Institute  full  appreciation  of  and  hearty 
thanks  for  the  liberal  provision  which  has  made 
the  preparation  and  publication  of  a  catalog  so 
useful  to  the  library  world  possible.  C:  A.  N. 


Cibrarj)  (Economy  anb 


GENERAL. 
BARRY,  William.     Forbidden  books.     (In   The 

Speaker,  Oct.  16,  1897.     16  1429.) 

The  writer  sees  a  connection  between  certain 
books  and  the  increase  in  insanity.  From  a 
hygienic  or  biological  point  of  view  certain 
books  are  forbidden  for  certain  people. 

BRETT,  W:  H.  The  public  library  made  useful. 
(In  Independent,  Nov.  18,  1897,  49:1486.  2  p.) 
Describes  the  free  library  as  a  centre  of  the 

educational  life  of  a  community,  and  points  out 

along  what  lines  library  development  must  be 

carried  on  to  accomplish  this  result. 

STEVENSON,  W:  M.  Restriction  of  fiction  in 
public  libraries.  (In  The  Citizen,  Nov.,  1897. 
3:203.) 

Mr.  Stevenson  concludes  his  paper  as  fol- 
lows :  "  Free  education  has  in  this  country  be- 
come a  fad.  It  was  to  cure  all  human  ills.  It 
was  to  change  human  nature.  It  has  naturally 
failed  to  do  all  that  was  expected  of  it.  The 
free  library  movement  is  a  part  of  this  fad,  and 
it  is  found  that  it  needs  more  than  free  libraries 


to  reform  the  world.  Free  libraries  will  do 
much,  and  that  they  may  do  their  best  work  it 
is  necessary  to  effect  an  improvement  in  the 
reading  they  furnish  the  public." 

LOCAL. 

Asbury  Park,  N.  J.  At  a  special  meeting 
held  in  the  city  on  Nov.  30  it  was  voted  that  a 
free  public  library  be  established  under  the 
state  act.  The  measure  was  carried  by  two 
votes;  the  first  ward,  which  is  the  business  sec- 
tion of  the  city,  cast  21  votes  against  it,  while 
the  second  ward,  which  is  the  residence  portion, 
gave  23  votes  for  it.  An  energetic  library  can- 
vass was  made  by  the  women  of  the  city. 

Baltimore,  Md.  Enoch  Pratt  F.  L.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  trustees  in  October  the  issue  of 
a  second  card  to  borrowers  was  authorized, 
beginning  Nov.  i.  This  card,  known  as  a 
"  student's  card,"  is  colored  lilac,  may  not  be 
used  for  works  of  fiction  or  juveniles,  and  is 
issued  practically  to  all  persons  who  can  draw 
"  starred  "  books. 

Boston.  Anna  Ticknor  L.  Assoc,  The  Society 
to  Encourage  Studies  at  Home,  founded  by  Miss 
Anna  Eliot  Ticknor,  and  carried  on  for  20  years, 
has  not  lapsed  with  the  death  of  its  founder, 
but  has  been  continued  as  the  Anna  Ticknor 
Library  Association,  recently  established  in  new 
quarters  in  Trinity  Court.  The  library  privi- 
leges apply  to  all  persons  in  the  United  States, 
and  books  are  sent  by  mail  to  any  address.  The 
applicant  sends  $i  for  deposit  (which  is  returned 
to  him  when  he  severs  connection  with  the  li- 
brary), and  pays  a  small  charge  for  books' 
ordered  sent.  Catalogs  of  the  books  and  pho- 
tographs, and  lists  of  courses  of  study  are  sent 
on  application.  There  are  about  3000  books, 
and  a  large  number  of  photographs. 

Boston  P.  L.  A  new  departure  at  the  library 
is  the  plan  of  mounting  the  "picture  periodi- 
cals" on  sheets,  in  future,  instead  of  binding 
them  up  in  volumes.  There  are  several  foreign 
periodicals  which  are  devoted  to  reproduction 
of  art  examples,  without  other  text  than  the 
titles.  Instead  of  binding  these  in  volumes,  it 
is  proposed  to  put  them  on  separate  sheets  for 
use  of  students,  the  duplicates  being  put  into 
the  collections  which  are  to  be  sent  out  to  the 
branches  and  schools.  They  show  different 
styles  of  architecture,  schools  of  painting,  etc., 
and  a  single  number  of  the  magazine  is  usually 
devoted  to  some  particular  style  or  school,  so 
that  the  series  will  be  very  useful  in  supple- 
menting the  library's  collection  of  reproductions. 
This  will  break  up  the  volumes,  but  it  is  be- 
lieved that  the  plan  will  lead  to  a  greater  use 
of  the  reproductions,  and  will  save  time  which 
would  otherwise  be  spent  in  hunting  through 
indexes.  It  is  not  intended  to  break  up  the 
bound  volumes  of  these  periodicals  already  in 
the  library,  but  no  more  will  be  bound  in  vol- 
umes. 

On  Oct.  21  Mr.  W:  C.  Todd,  of  Atkinson, 
N.  H.,  in  a  formal  communication  to  Mayor 
Quincy,  confirmed  his  offer  of  four  years  ago 
to  present  $50,000  to  the  Boston  Public  Li- 
brary, the  income  of  the  sum  to  be  devoted  to 


760 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


the  purchase  of  newspapers.  The  offer  was 
made  in  June,  1893,  and  since  that  time  Mr. 
Todd  has  paid  annually  $2000 — being  the  yearly 
interest  of  the  sum  named  —  for  that  purpose. 
He  now  writes  that  three  years'  experience  has 
confirmed  the  usefulness  of  the  gift,  and  he  pre- 
sents the  sam  of  $50,000  outright  to  the  city,  to 
be  held  in  trust,  and  the  income  devoted  to  the 
maintenance  of  the  newspaper  department. 
The  gift  was  accepted  by  the  city  council  on 
Oct.  28. 

A  recent  visitor  to  the  library  was  Mr.  Pierre 
Botkine,  the  representative  of  Russia  at  the 
sealing  conference  in  Washington.  The  branch- 
es and  delivery  system  were  of  special  interest 
to  him,  and  he  expressed  the  intention  of  calling 
the  attention  of  his  own  government  to  the 
matter,  in  the  hope  that  a  similar  system  would 
be  adopted  in  Russia. 

Brooklyn  (N.  K)  P.  L.  A.  On  Nov.  22  the 
association  took  possession  of  a  part  of  the  old 
public  school  building  no.  3,  at  Bedford  and 
Jefferson  avenues,  which  is  to  be  used  as  a  tem- 
porary home  for  the  library.  It  is  hoped  to  open 
early  in  December.  The  executive  committee 
of  the  association  held  a  meeting  on  Nov.  13, 
to  hear  the  report  of  Corporation  Counsel  J.  A. 
Burr  on  the  association's  title  to  public  property, 
which  it  was  thought  could  be  legally  used  for 
library  purposes.  Mr.  Burr's  opinion  was, 
however,  that  the  association  could  not  use  the 
property,  because  the  titles  to  it  state  that  it 
must  be  used  for  educational  purposes,  which 
in  the  judgment  of  the  counsel  did  not  include 
libraries,  but  definitely  embraced  only  institu- 
tions where  persons  are  especially  assigned  to 
teach.  This  decision  was  not  accepted  as  final, 
and  it  was  decided  that  if  the  construction  was 
supported  an  effort  would  be  made  to  secure  a 
site  through  legislative  action. 

The  association  held  a  book  reception  on  the 
evening  of  Nov.  29,  at  the  residence  of  Edward 
White  ;  each  guest  brought  a  book  to  add  to 
the  library's  collection  and  represented  some 
book  either  by  costume  or  by  a  badge.  Prizes 
for  guessing  the  greatest  number  of  book  titles 
were  given,  one  being  awarded  to  Miss  Fanny 
Hull,  librarian  of  the  Union  for  Christian  Work 
Library,  and  one  to  J.  F.  Hackstaff. 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Pratt  Institute  F.  L.  (Rpt. 
—  year  ending  June  30,  '97.)  This  is  the  first 
printed  annual  report  of  the  library,  the  statis- 
tics of  previous  years  having  been  heretofore 
noted  in  the  annual "  Catalogue  "  of  the  institute, 
and  the  director  and  trustees  are  to  be  congrat- 
ulated upon  its  interest  and  comprehensive  ex- 
cellence. The  statistics  may  be  summarized  as 
follows:  Added  3914;  total  63,374.  Issued, 
home  use  314,290,  of  which  37,232  and  21,781 
were  issued  from  the  Astral  and  Long  Island 
branches  respectively.  Ref.  use  13,073  (this 
includes  only  books  brought  from  stack);  ref. 
attendance  37,829 ;  reading-room  attendance 
111,578.  The  growth  in  registration  during 
the  year  was  5035  ;  the  total  no.  of  active  bor- 
rowers is  not  given. 

The  circulation  shows  a  gain  of  34,040  over 
the  previous  year  ;  the  fiction  percentage  has 


been,  for  the  main  library  65%  £,  67  #  for  the 
Astral  branch,  and  74  #  for  the  Long  Island 
branch.  This  is  inclusive  of  foreign  fiction. 
"The  question  of  the  access  of  the  public  to 
the  shelves,  which  has  been  more  or  less  agi- 
tated among  circulating  libraries  for  the  past 
two  or  three  years,  has  come  up  for  serious 
consideration  in  this  library.  Inasmuch  as 
there  are  14,520  volumes  in  the  reference  and 
art  reference  departments  entirely  free  of  access ; 
as  new  books  (not  fiction)  are  placed  where 
borrowers  can  examine  them  fora  fortnight  or 
so  before  they  are  shelved  ;  as  all  books  for 
children  are  in  open  shelves  ;  and  as  any  num- 
ber of  books  may  be  called  for  either  in  the 
circulating  or  reference  departments  to  be 
examined  before  borrowing,  while  shelf-permits 
are  readily  granted  to  all  readers  or  borrowers 
showing  good  reason  for  the  privilege  ;  we  are 
inclined  to  deprecate  a  further  movement  in 
this  direction  for  the  present." 

The  most  notable  incidents  of  the  year  have 
been  the  development  of  the  children's  room 
and  of  the  art  reference  department.  The 
former,  Miss  Plummer  says,  has  required  more 
thought  than  any  other  department  ;  the  meth- 
ods and  theories  applied  to  it  and  resultant 
from  it  are  perhaps  best  set  forth  in  her  article 
in  the  November  L.  j.  (p.  679-686),  but  an  in- 
teresting review  of  the  subject  is  also  given  in 
the  present  report.  There  are  6831  children 
under  14  registered,  and  the  circulation  was 
39,007  ;  no  guarantor  is  required  for  the  chil- 
dren, the  father's  or  mother's  name  only  being 
given  for  reference.  Indeed  the  director  rec- 
ommends "as  an  economy  of  time  and  labor, 
as  well  as  a  measure  of  conciliation,"  the  disuse 
of  the  guarantee  for  the  entire  body  of  borrow- 
ers, replacing  it  by  a  simple  statement  of  the 
borrower's  responsibility  from  some  reputable 
citizen. 

The  art  reference  department  was  opened  in 
Oct.,  1896,  and  during  the  year  the  collection  of 
15,000  photographs  were  mounted,  placed  in 
drawers,  and  the  work  of  labelling,  classifying, 
and  cataloging  was  undertaken.  The  first  year 
in  the  new  building  has,  in  all  respects,  proved 
one  of  enlarged  growth  and  usefulness,  and  of 
a  happy  adjustment  to  greatly  improved  con- 
ditions. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  During  October  the 
library  issued  68,902  v.,  the  average  daily 
circulation  having  been  2650.  The  total  regis- 
tration to  Nov.  i  was  25,002.  On  Nov.  n  the 
finance  committee  of  the  board  of  aldermen 
authorized  the  extra  appropriation  of  $20,000 
asked  for  by  the  library  authorities. 

Butte  (Mont.)  F.  P.  L.  During  the  coming 
year  a  finding  list  of  the  juvenile  books  in  the 
library  will  be  printed  in  instalments  in  the 
High  School  Leader,  which  is  edited  and  pub- 
lished by  the  pupils  of  the  city  high  school. 
Mr.  Davies  says  "this  feature  is  due  to  the  re- 
quest of  the  editors,  and  the  list  goes  into  just 
the  hands  I  want  it  to.  Our  other  advertising 
for  the  year  will  consist  of  about  a  column  and 
a  half  in  two  and  probably  all  three  of  our 
daily  papers,  mainly  of  notes  on  new  books  ;  a 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


761 


series  of  articles  on  historical  novels  in  Quinn's 
Review,  and  occasional  reference  lists." 

Camden,  N.  J,  A  movement  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  free  public  library  in  the  building 
known  as  the  "Cooper  Mansion"  is  being 
vigorously  urged.  The  building,  which  is  owned 
by  the  city  and  stands  in  a  public  park  in  a 
central  site,  was  ordered  torn  down  by  the  coun- 
cil on  Nov.  15.  Petitions  were  then  circulated, 
asking  that  it  be  retained  and  used  for  library 
purposes  ;  gifts  of  books  and  money  subscrip- 
tions were  promised,  and  the  plan  met  with 
such  general  popular  approval  that  the  council 
voted  to  defer  further  aciion  until  public  senti- 
ment was  more  fully  known.  By  Nov.  26  $2500 
had  been  pledged  and  over  1000  volumes  offered. 
A  public  meeting  was  held  on  Dec.  7,  when  a 
Public  Library  Association  was  formed  and  the 
movement  attained  organized  impetus. 

Chicago,  John  Crerar  L.  The  first  and  second 
annual  reports  of  the  library,  for  1895  and  1896, 
have  just  been  issued  in  pamphlet  form,  and 
give  interesting  details  of  the  work  of  organiz- 
ing and  preparing  the  collection  for  public  use. 
At  the  time  both  reports  were  presented  the  li- 
brary was  still  in  a  formative  condition,  not 
being  opened  to  the  public  until  the  spring  of 
this  year,  so  that  Mr.  Andrews'  suggestive  and 
informing  summary  covers  organization  rather 
than  administration.  One  of  the  most  impor- 
tant features  is  the  printed  card  catalog,  which 
possesses  a  great  advantage,  "in  that  as  many 
copies  of  a  title  as  are  desired  can  be  had  for 
the  mere  cost  of  the  cards.  This  enables  us  to 
offer  to  those  libraries  in  the  city  most  interested 
in  our  work  a  complete  catalog  of  our  library; 
it  also  enables  us  to  try  the  interesting  experi- 
ment of  making  our  catalog  in  the  triple  form 
of  alphabetical  author,  alphabetical  subject, 
and  classed  subject."  The  accession  books  of 
the  library  were  opened  Feb.  13,  1896,  and  dur- 
ing the  year  11,090  v.  were  accessioned  ;  171 
periodicals  were  in  regular  receipt,  and  a  peri- 
odical list  of  1317  titles,  at  an  annual  estimated 
cost  of  $501.77,  had  been  prepared  for  submis- 
sion to  the  book  committee. 

Cleveland  (O.)  P.  L.  The  2gth  report  of  the 
library,  covering  the  year  ending  Aug.  31,  1897, 
was  submitted  to  the  board  on  Nov.  i.  The 
chief  statistics  for  the  period  were  as  follows  : 
Added  25,629;  total  129,160.  Issued  home 
use  782,568;  ref.  use  161,849;  ref.  attendance 
193,298. 

The  report  reveals  a  development  in  all  lines 
of  the  library's  work  that  is  as  remarkable  as  it 
is  gratifying.  Taking  the  item  of  circulation 
alone,  there  is  shown  a  net  gain  of  186,199,  or 
21  %  over  the  previous  year,  while  in  the  acces- 
sion department  "the  growth  of  the  library  is 
almost  double  of  any  previous  year  in  its  his- 
tory." Indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  single  out  any 
special  line  in  which  development  has  been 
most  marked,  so  well  sustained  is  the  growth 
throughout  the  entire  library  body.  The  fore- 
going statistics  include  the  work  of  the  main 
library,  of  the  five  branches  and  the  three  de- 
livery stations.  Of  the  former  one,  the  South 
Side  branch  was  opened  during  the  year,  while 


two  of  the  stations  were  established  within  the 
past  six  months.  The  issue  of  books  through 
the  schools  has  been  continued,  4131  v.  having 
been  drawn  by  87  teachers,  and  issued  by  them 
to  their  pupils  33,116  times;  the  use  of  books  in 
this  way  "is  now  only  limited  by  the  number 
available;  several  times  as  many  could  be  kept 
in  constant  use." 

In  the  library  bindery  3509  v.  were  bound, 
11,251  rebound,  and  16,854  repaired,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  $3926.67. 

As  the  most  important  incidents  of  the  year, 
outside  the  routine  work,  Mr.  Brett  describes 
the  formation  of  the  Library  League,  the  influ- 
ence of  which  in  the  proper  care  of  books  "can 
already  be  clearly  observed  ";  and  the  series  of 
library  lectures,  given  under  the  auspices  of 
the  university  extension  department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  in  December,  1896,  by  Miss 
Katherine  L.  Sharp. 

"The  record  of  the  year  shows  clearly  work 
of  much  greater  magnitude,  and  so  far  as 
the  figures  can  record  it  and  observations  can 
discuss  it,  work  of  better  quality  than  ever 
before."  This  is  traced,  first  to  the  natural 
growth  of  the  city,  second  to  the  branches 
and  stations,  and  third  to  the  large  accessions  ; 
but  in  addition  to  these  causes,  "The  success 
of  the  last  year's  work  is  due  to  the  distinct 
and  noteworthy  increase  of  interest  in  the  work 
which  has  been  shown  by  almost  the  entire 
force.  This  is  shown  in  a  higher  apprecia- 
tion of  the  importance  of  the  work  of  the 
library,  a  greater  pride  in  its  success,  a  de- 
sire to  improve  every  opportunity,  to  prepare 
for  it,  a  keener  outlook  for  any  additional  op- 
portunities of  usefulness,  greater  diligence  and 
more  careful  attention  to  every  detail  of  the 
work.  This  improvement  is  due,  I  believe,  to 
an  earnest  desire  which  is  almost  universal  in 
the  library,  to  make  the  work  effective.  It  has 
been  increased  by  the  stimulus  of  the  associa- 
tion meetings  and  by  meeting  and  associating 
with  those  from  other  libraries,  by  the  special 
training  received  by  some  of  our  assistants  in 
the  regular  or  summer  library  school,  and  by 
the  course  of  lectures  already  mentioned." 

Suggestions  for  the  future  include  extension 
of  the  branch  and  delivery  system,  and  the 
establishment  or  facilities  for  special  training 
in  library  work. 

Colorado  libraries.     STATK  OF  COLORADO.     Li- 
braries:   their    establishment    and    manage- 
ment;  library  laws  of  Colorado;   issued  by 
Grace  Espy  Patton,  superintendent  of   pub- 
lic instruction  and  ex-officio  state  librarian. 
Denver,  Oct.  10,  1897.     58  p.  O. 
The  material  for  this  pamphlet  was  compiled 
by  the  librarian  or  members  of  the  staff  of  the 
Denver  Public  Library  and  printed  in  part  in 
the   Colorado  School  Journal  in  April.     It   is   a 
descriptive  summary  of  the  library  activities  of 
the  state,  including  the  library  laws,  the  state 
library  association,  and  individual  libraries  of 
the  state,  and -giving  also  practical  suggestions 
on  how  to  start  a  public  library,  details  of  ele- 
mentary  library   routine,   lists  of    books    and 


762 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


magazines,  and  references  to  the  most  necessary 
library  tools. 

Denver,  Colo.  The  question  of  consolidating 
the  Public  and  City  libraries  under  a  single 
management,  which  has  frequently  been  brought 
up,  has  been  revived  by  Mr.  Dana's  resignation 
from  the  Public  Library.  It  is  urged  that  by 
such  consolidation  expenditures  would  be  re- 
duced and  the  tax  support  would  be  more 
evenly  distributed,  while  a  single  strong  library 
would  be  able  to  fill  a  wider  field  than  two 
smaller  institutions  working  separately.  A  new 
building  would  be  a  necessity,  however,  before 
such  consolidation  could  be  effected. 

Georgia  State  I..  Commission.  The  Georgia 
State  Library  Commission  bill  passed  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  on  Nov.  24  ;  it  provides  for  the 
appointment  of  five  commissioners  by  the  gov- 
ernor, to  serve  without  remuneration,  and  to 
report  biennially. 

Helena  (Mont.)  P.  L.  The  question  of 
whether  the  library  board  or  the  city  council  is 
the  controlling  authority  in  the  administration 
of  the  library  has  come  up  for  decision  within 
the  past  few  months.  One  of  the  first  inci- 
dents to  waken  the  contention  was  the  refusal 
in  August  of  the  city  council  to  allow  the  salary 
of  Mr.  Patten,  the  librarian,  during  his  trip 
East  to  attend  the  Philadelphia  conference  and 
inspect  libraries,  for  which  leave  of  absence 
with  pay  had  been  granted  by  the  library  board. 
At  a  later  council  meeting  on  Sept.  8  it  was  de- 
cided to  allow  this  claim,  but  the  matter  has 
made  clear  the  necessity  of  a  definite  adjust- 
ment of  the  relations  between  the  library  and 
the  council. 

The  whote  question  is  not  yet  settled,  but 
there  is  good  reason  to  feel  confident  of  an 
outcome  that  will  leave  the  library  in  good  con- 
dition. The  state  of  affairs  is  thus  summed  up  : 

The  Montana  state  library  law  is  not  a  good 
one,  and  thus  far  there  has  been  opposition 
enough  to  prevent  the  passage  of  a  good  law. 
There  will  probably  be  an  effort  made  again  for 
the  third  time  at  the  legislative  session  of  1899 
to  get  a  better  state  law.  The  present  Montana 
law  is  such  that  the  final  authority  in  library 
affairs  rests  with  the  city  council.  The  Helena 
council  has  in  the  past  assumed  no  authority, 
leaving  the  management  to  the  library  board  of 
seven  trustees.  In  Helena  each  library  trustee 
serves  for  three  years,  and  the  office  being  one 
of  power,  responsibility,  and  honor,  it  has  been 
possible  to  secure  the  services  of  the  best  citi- 
zens. Under  these  conditions  the  library  has 
been  growing  into  a  valuable  educational  insti- 
tution. Although  Helena  is  not  by  any  means 
a  boss-ridden  town,  yet  certain  spoils  politicians 
have  all  along  been  looking  with  envy  upon  the 
prosperous  and  growing  public  library.  Last 
spring  the  library  board  was  somewhat  weak- 
ened by  the  mayor's  appointments.  This  and 
other  circumstances  made  a  much  more  favor- 
able library  opportunity  for  the  politicians  than 
they  had  ever  had  before,  and  there  was  no  hesi- 
tation about  trying  their  chances.  There  were 
threatenings  of  trouble  for  some  months,  but 
by  summer  it  was  thought  the  danger  to  the  li- 


brary had  passed.  Unexpectedly,  however,  the 
trouble  came  on  in  August,  and  it  has  been 
necessary  to  fight  for  the  principle  that  the 
management  of  the  library  should  be  left  in  the 
hands  of  the  library  trustees. 

With  the  advice  of  good  legal  talent  an  or- 
dinance has  been  prepared  which  delegates  the 
management  of  the  library  to  the  library  trus- 
tees. It  is  believed  that  if  the  city  council  can 
be  led  to  see  that  it  is  advisable  to  pass  this 
ordinance,  that  body  will  thereafter  be  disposed 
to  leave  library  management  to  the  trustees. 
Unless  the  library  can  be  so  situated  the  most 
competent  people  will  hardly  be  willing  to  serve 
on  the  library  board,  and  there  will  be  constant 
danger  to  the  institution  from  the  spoilsmen. 
The  city  attorney  has  been  opposing  the  pro- 
posed ordinance  on  the  ground  that  it  is  legal, 
appropriate,  and  wise,  that  the  council  itself 
should  exercise  the  power  of  management. 
The  friends  of  the  library  hope  that  the  city 
attorney  and  nearly  all  the  members  of  the  city 
council  will  yet  become  convinced  that  the  ordi- 
nance should  pass.  Fortunately  the  library  can 
rely  upon  a  very  strong  public  sentiment  in  its 
favor.  There  is  very  little  opposition  to  the 
one-mill  tax  for  library  purposes  on  the  part  of 
the  people  of  intelligence  or  on  the  part  of  the 
large  taxpayers.  A  year  ago  last  spring  when 
the  people  of  the  city  were  asked  to  vote  a  reg- 
ular annual  tax  of  one  mill  on  the  dollar  in- 
stead of  the  former  tax  of  one-half  mill,  the 
vote  showed  more  than  three  to  one  in  favor  of 
the  one-mill  tax.  The  same  sentiment  pre- 
vails now,  and  a  vote  at  any  time  would  yield  a 
like  result.  The  final  outcome  of  this  contest 
is  pretty  sure  to  be  a  library  success. 

Indiana  State  L.,  Indianapolis.  Prof.  W.  E. 
Henry,  state  librarian,  has  made  a  report  to  the 
state  board  of  education,  describing  the  changes 
and  improvements  effected  or  needed  at  the  li- 
brary. The  large  space  devoted  to  a  public 
reading-room  has  been  reduced,  and  a  much- 
needed  reference-room  established  ;  the  chaotic 
collection  of  documents  and  duplicates  in  the 
basement  store  rooms  have  been  brought  into 
ordered  arrangement  and  listed  ;  and  a  begin- 
ning has  been  made  toward  a  bibliography  of 
the  state,  the  preparation  of  which  is  considered 
as  most  important.  The  publication  of  a  com- 
plete printed  catalog  is  also  much  needed,  and 
Prof.  Henry  has  planned  to  make  the  library 
more  useful  to  legislators  by  the  issue  of  bib- 
liographies upon  legislative  subjects  and  by  an 
index  to  state  legislation  in  all  the  states  for 
1897-1898,  which  it  is  hoped  to  publish  before 
the  session  of  1899.  These  plans  have  been 
vigorously  presented,  and  their  development 
will  mean  much  in  strengthening  the  usefulness 
of  the  library. 

Lynn,  Mass.  Shute  P.  L.  Plans  for  the  new 
Shute  library  building  were  accepted  on  Nov. 
it,  when  the  trustees  voted  to  take  the  designs 
submitted  by  G.  H.  Moore,  of  Boston,  as  a 
basis  to  work  upon,  retaining  Mr.  Moore  as 
consulting  architect.  The  plans,  which  will  be 
later  modified,  call  for  a  building  114x94, 
three-storied  and  Grecian  in  style,  to  be  of  buff 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


763 


Indiana  stone.  There  are  to  be  three  entrances, 
the  main  one  opening  into  a  vestibule  12  feet 
square,  which  connects  with  a  transverse  lobby. 
From  this  opens  the  children's  reading-room, 
35x43,  and  two  small  study-rooms.  Short 
marble  stairways  lead  up  to  the  delivery-room 
or  down  to  the  basement.  The  delivery-room 
is  to  be  12-sided,  33  feet  in  diameter,  and  open- 
ing from  it  is  the  main  reading-room,  36  x  61. 
The  card  catalog  room  is  connected  with  these 
rooms.  The  stack-room  will  have  a  capacity  of 
200,000  v.  There  is  provision  for  librarian's 
and  cataloging  rooms,  and  for  private  and 
public  toilet  rooms.  On  the  second  floor  are 
two  art  rooms,  reference-room,  lecture-room, 
and  trustees'  room  ;  the  third  floor  is  un- 
assigned. 

Marinette,  Wis.  Miss  L.  E.  Stearns,  libra- 
rian of  the  Wisconsin  Free  Library  Commission, 
delivered  an  address  on  libraries  at  Marinette, 
on  Dec.  3,  1897,  upon  conclusion  of  which  she 
stated  that  a  prominent  citizen  of  the  city  had 
authorized  her  to  announce  that  a  library  build- 
ing, second  to  none  in  the  state,  would  soon  be 
erected  at  Marinette.  The  announcement  was 
received  with  great  enthusiasm.  On  Dec.  4 
Miss  Stearns  met  with  a  number  of  citizens  in- 
terested in  the  travelling  library  movement, 
and  the  organization  of  the  Marinette  Free 
Travelling  Library  Association  was  effected. 
President,  Mrs.  Isaac  Stephenson  ;  Vice-presi- 
dent, J.  F.  Le  Roy  ;  Secretary,  F.  E.  Noyes  ; 
Treasurer,  Miss  B.  Merriman;  Librarian,  Mrs. 
A.  Sceeny,  all  of  Marinette,  Wis.  The  associa- 
tion will  confine  its  work,  for  the  present,  to 
Marinette  county,  with  the  Marinette  Public 
Library  as  its  headquarters. 

Middletown,  N.  Y.  At  a  council  meeting  on 
Oct.  25  the  town  formally  accepted  the  legacy 
of  $30,000  bequeathed  by  Mrs.  Marietta  Thrall 
for  the  erection  of  a  public  library  building. 

New  Orleans.  Fisk  F.  and  P.  L.  The  library 
was  reopened  on  Nov.  15,  after  having  been 
closed  for  several  weeks  owing  to  the  prevalence 
of  yellow  fever  in  the  city.  The  report  of  the 
librarian  for  the  six  months  ending  in  October 
show  a  home  circulation  of  25,488  v.  and  a  ref- 
erence use  of  2654. 

New  York.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  L.  The  library  is 
now  fairly  installed  in  its  handsome  quarters  in 
the  new  building  on  57th  st.,  and  the  librarian, 
Mr.  Berry,  and  his  assistant,  Mr.  Bursch,  are 
well  advanced  in  their  arduous  task  of  arrang- 
ing the  45,000  v.  for  regular  use.  The  circulat- 
ing department,  on  the  fifth  floor,  will  not  be 
in  readiness  for  some  months  yet,  as  it  is  an  in- 
novation, books  having  heretofore  been  issued 
for  library  use  only.  The  reference  and  read- 
ing-rooms are  on  the  sixth  floor,  and  will  be 
largely  supplied  with  an  open-shelf  collection 
of  reference-books. 

The  44th  report  of  the  association,  for  the 
year  ending  Jan.,  1897,  gives  the  following  facts 
regarding  the  work  of  the  library.  Added  1 192; 
total  45,703.  There  were  56,096  books  con- 
sulted by  35,900  readers,  an  increase  of  3584 
over  the  previous  year;  the  percentage  of  fic- 


tion was  but  14.  The  total  attendance  is  given 
as  55.030,  and  the  Sunday  attendance  showed  a 
considerable  increase. 

Newark  (N.  Y.)  F.  L.  A.  The  association 
held  its  first  annual  public  meeting  on  the  even- 
ing of  Nov.  16.  The  library  was  opened  in 
January  of  this  year,  and  contains  about  1000 
v. ;  the  circulation  was  7130  (fict  70^),  and  there 
are  718  borrowers  registered. 

About  seven  years  ago  Henry  C.  Rew,  of 
Chicago,  offered  to  present  to  the  village  a 
piece  of  property  valued  at  $5000,  together 
with  $10,000  in  money,  providing  the  towns- 
people would  raise  $10,000  more  and  build  a 
library  after  his  plans,  the  library  to  be  known 
as  the  Rew  library.  At  that  time  the  sum  re- 
quired could  not  be  raised  and  the  matter  was 
dropped  until  this  year,  when  the  association 
was  formed  and  reopened  correspondence  with 
Mr.  Rew,  who  renewed  his  offer,  and  sent  on 
the  plans  for  consideration  and  acceptance.  It 
was  at  first  thought  that  the  conditions  might 
be  accepted,  but  at  a  meeting  of  the  trustees  on 
Nov.  30,  Mr.  Rew's  proposition  was  formally 
declined,  on  account  of  "the  impracticability 
of  any  attempt  to  secure  from  this  locality  the 
required  sum." 

Newport,  J?.  I.  Redwood  L.  (i67th  rpt.  — 
year  ending  Aug.,  '97.)  Added  2021;  total 
44,054.  The  Calvert  bequest  of  1115  v.  is  of 
special  importance,  covering  all  classes  of  liter- 
ature, but  especially  rich  in  works  by  and  con- 
cerning Goethe.  There  were  14,501  v.  issued 
for  home  use,  the  fiction  percentage  being  68.7. 
A  printed  finding  list  "  is  eminently  desirable." 

Omaha  (Neb.)  P.  L.  At  a  meeting  of  the  di- 
rectors on  Nov.  9  it  was  decided  to  establish  a 
children's  department.  A  seven-day  non-re- 
newable limit  on  new  and  popular  books  has 
been  adopted. 

Philadelphia.  Normal  School  L.  The  library 
is  open  every  school  day  of  the  year  from  8.30 
a.m.  to  4.30  p.m.  Teachers  in  all  departments 
and  pupils  in  the  normal  department  are  en- 
titled to  readers'  cards,  on  which  two  books 
may  be  drawn  at  a  time.  The  children  in  the 
model  school  use  the  library  only  for  reference 
at  present,  but  it  is  hoped  soon  to  grant  them 
the  same  privileges  as  the  older  scholars.  The 
library  now  contains  3900  volumes,  300  of 
which  have  been  added  since  the  first  of  Sep- 
tember. The  books  are  arranged  according  to 
the  Dewey  classification,  and  all  departments 
are  fairly  well  represented.  The  report  for  the 
past  school  year  shows  a  total  circulation  of 
10,479  v- 

The  lantern  slides  which  the  teachers  use  in 
illustrating  their  lectures  with  stereopticon 
views  have  been  placed  in  the  library.  The 
slides  have  been  classified  according  to  the 
Dewey  system  and  are  kept  in  a  cabinet  made 
especially  for  that  use.  A  complete  catalog  on 
cards  has  been  made  of  them,  and  they  circu- 
late in  the  same  manner  as  a  book,  the  record 
being  kept  on  cards  similar  to  the  book-slips. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Carnegie  F.  L.  Founders' 
day  was  celebrated  at  the  Carnegie  Library  on 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Deccmber,  '97 


Nov.  3,  when  elaborate  exercises  were  held  in 
the  beautiful  music  hall  of  the  building.  Presi- 
dent McKinley  was  the  guest  of  honor  and 
made  a  short  address.  Other  speakers  were 
W.  N.  Frew,  president  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
Rev.  W.  J.  Holland,  and  Hon.  John  Dalzell;  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Carnegie  was  read,  and  the 
report  of  the  library  trustees  was  presented  by 
Samuel  Harden  Church,  secretary.  At  the 
close  of  the  exercises  the  President  held  a  pub- 
lic reception. 

Port  Huron  (Mick.)  P.  L.  A  poster  exhibit 
was  held  at  the  library  from  Nov.  3-6,  in  which 
about  300  examples  of  American  and  foreign 

Eosters  were  shown.    It  proved  extremely  popu- 
ur. 

Portland  (Afe.)  P.  L.  The  improvements 
made  in  the  library  this  summer  have  cost 
$24,645.28,  and  have  practically  made  the  libra- 
ry almost  like  a  new  building  in  added  conven- 
ience and  capacity.  The  chief  change  is  the 
installation  of  a  fine  new  Snead  stack,  with  a 
total  book  capacity,  including  future  extension, 
of  240,000  v.  This  has  permitted  the  rearrange- 
ment of  the  interior  of  the  library,  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  separate  children's  department, 
and  other  much-needed  changes. 

Princeton,  N.  J.  Univ.  L.  The  new  library 
building,  which  is  now  rapidly  nearing  comple- 
tion, is  described  in  detail  by  E.  C.  Richardson, 
librarian,  in  the  Alumni Princetonian  of  Nov.  n, 
in  which  are  given  reproductions  of  the  views 
of  different  aspects  of  the  fine  structure,  that 
appeared  in  Harper's  Weekly.  Dr.  Richard- 
son's paper  is  an  admirable  summary  of  the 
functions  of  a  college  library,  as  well  as  a  lucid 
statement  of  the  architectural  and  administra- 
tive details  of  a  notable  building. 

Quincy  (III.)  P.  L.  A  new  method  of  meeting 
the  demand  for  new  popular  novels  has  been 
adopted.  A  number  of  duplicates  of  such  books 
have  been  bought,  and  these  are  issued  to 
readers  on  payment  of  five  cents  a  reading; 
this,  it  is  thought,  will  make  it  possible  to  sup- 
ply the  desired  books  without  drawing  upon 
the  regular  book  fund.  Mr.  Moulton  writes  : 
"  We  find  that  this  plan  works  well.  The  peo- 
ple are  very  willing  to  pay  for  the  books.  We 
expect  to  sell  them  when  the  demand  ceases." 

Rochester,  N.  Y.  Reynolds  L.  The  report  of 
the  library  committee  for  the  year  ending  Oct. 
I,  1897,  was  presented  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
trustees,  held  Oct.  II.  There  was  an  attend- 
ance of  117,995  during  the  year,  being  a  gain 
of  nearly  20,000  over  1895-6.  The  additions 
number  2083  and  the  total  is  now  33,451. 
"  The  most  marked  improvement  in  the  work 
of  the  library  is  shown  in  the  more  cordial  and 
effective  relationship  which  has  come  to  be  es- 
tablished with  reading  classes,  literary  clubs, 
and  scientific  societies  throughout  the  city.  By 
the  permission  which  has  been  given  to  such 
organizations  to  hold  their  meetings  in  the  li- 
brary rooms,  and  by  other  kinds  of  assistance 
which  have  been  afforded  to  them  in  the  pur- 
chase of  books  and  the  reserving  of  books  in 
the  reference-room  for  their  benefit,  the  library 


has  come  to  be  more  and  more  a  recognized  in- 
tellectual centre." 

StMrt>rid!*e,  Mass.  Hyde  P.  L.  Our  mention 
of  the  library  dedication  exercises  (L.  j.,  Aug., 
1897,  p.  413)  failed  to  record  the  address  of  Mr. 
M.  F.  Dickinson,  of  Boston,  which  was  really 
the  leading  address  of  the  day.  Mr.  S :  S. 
Green  in  his  address  on  the  occasion,  remarked 
that  Sturbridge  was  the  2Oth  town  in  the  county 
in  which  a  building  had  been  given  to  a  town 
in  which  to  house  its  public  library. 

Tacoma  (Wash.)  City  L.  Sunday  opening 
was  tried  at  the  library  early  in  November,  but 
it  was  not  thought  that  the  attendance  showed 
a  public  demand  for  it.  The  present  librarian, 
Mr.  McCready,  who  is  the  third  to  hold  office 
since  the  removal  of  W:  Curtis  Taylor  in  1896, 
has  planned  the  publication  of  a  printed  catalog, 
to  be  sold  at  10  c.  For  the  past  year  the  library 
has  been  the  scene  of  a  succession  of  political 
appointments,  a  state  of  affairs  not  favorable  to 
successful  development. 

Tekamah,  Neb.  A  reading-room  has  been 
opened,  which  it  is  hoped  will  develop  in  time 
into  a  free  library  ;  it  is  supported  by  a  fund 
raised  by  citizens. 

Troy,  N.  Y.  Library  meeting.  A  meeting  of 
persons  interested  in  library  matters  was  held 
on  the  evening  of  Nov.  14  at  the  Troy  Univer- 
salist  Church,  when  the  development  of  the 
children's  neighborhood  library,  conducted  for 
some  years  under  the  management  of  the 
church,  was  a  subject  of  discussion.  The  chief 
speaker  was  Melvil  Dewey,  who  gave  a  stirring 
address,  and  W.  R.  Eastman  also  spoke.  The 
library  has  proved  highly  successful  during  the 
three  years  of  its  existence.  It  contains  800 
v.,  is  open  from  3  p.m.  to  5.30,  and  from  6.30' 
to  8.15  p.m.,  and  the  usual  average  of  evening 
attendance  is  from  50  to  75. 

Warsaw,  N.  Y.  At  a  meeting  of  the  local 
historical  society  on  Nov.  i,  a  paper  was  read 
by  H.  A.  Dudley,  urging  the  establishment  of  a 
free  public  library.  It  was  suggested  that  the 
present  school  library  should  be  made  the 
nucleus  of  such  a  collection,  and  that  money  be 
raised  by  subscription  or  taxation  to  add  to  it 
and  to  erect  a  building.  The  plan  has  been 
taken  up  by  the  local  press. 

Washington,  D.  C.  U.  S.  Congressional  L. 
The  department  for  the  blind  is  proving  one  of 
the  most  successful  features  of  the  new  build- 
ing. Readings  have  been  given  there  by  Mrs. 
John  Russell  Young,  who  has  taken  a  special 
interest  in  this  department,  and  who  has  also 
arranged  for  readings  by  others.  On  Nov.  17 
Paul  Lawrence  Dunbar  read  from  his  poems  to 
a  large  audience. 

Youngstown  (O.)  P.  L.  A.  A  public  sub- 
scription fund  has  been  opened  to  secure  a 
site  known  as  the  Richard  Brown  property,  for  a 
home  for  the  Reuben  McMillen  Free  Library. 
The  purchase  price  of  the  property,  which  in- 
cludes a  handsome  dwelling-house,  is  $17,000, 
and  it  is  proposed  to  remodel  the  building  into 
an  adequate  library. 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


765 


FOREIGN. 

British  Musetim  L.,  London.  (Return  —  year 
ending  March  31,  '97.)  The  main  statistics  of 
this  report  were  summarized  in  the  L.  j.  for 
November  (p.  719),  but  it  should  be  said  that 
the  total  number  of  visitors  to  the  museum  was 
581,906,  not  551,800,  as  there  stated.  "The 
total  number  of  visits  of  students  to  the  read- 
ing-room during  the  year  was  191,363";  the 
daily  average  was  about  630,  and  the  entire 
use  showed  a  decrease  of  3000  from  1895,  which 
in  turn  was  8000  less  than  in  1894;  "  this  diminu- 
tion may  perhaps  in  some  degree  be  accounted 
for  by  the  growth  of  local  libraries  in  the 
metropolis."  Although  the  number  of  readers 
has  declined,  the  number  of  volumes  supplied 
to  them  is  larger  than  that  of  1895,  being 
1,428,535,  as  against  1,405,866.  The  additions 
for  the  year  comprised  36,609  v.  and  pm.,  of 
which  16,939  were  purchased;  65,330  parts  of 
volumes  or  serials;  1233  maps;  5396  pieces  of 
music;  3343  newspapers,  comprising  210,844 
single  nos. ;  and  4075  miscellaneous  items.  The 
descriptive  account  of  "acquisitions  of  special 
interest  "  covers  three  pages. 

British   Museum,    Harleian   L.     STONE,   J.   M. 
Our  national  collection  of  manuscripts  —  the 
Harleian  library.     {In  Blackwood 's  Edinburgh 
Magazine,  October,  1897.     162:494-511.) 
An  historical  account  of  the  great  collection 

and  its  collectors. 

Leipzig,  Saxony.  The  library  of  the  late 
Prof.  Victor  Meyer,  of  the  University  of  Hei- 
delberg, has  been  put  upon  the  market  by  Gustav 
Fock,  of  Leipzig.  It  is  a  considerable  chemical 
collection,  especially  full  in  sets  of  periodicals 
and  serials,  among  which  Liebig's  Annalen, 
1832-96,  is  of  special  interest. 

Nottingham  (Eng.)  F.  P.  Ls.  (Rpt.  —  year 
ending  March  i,  '97.)  Added  2548;  total  83,984, 
of  which  30,205  are  in  the  ref.  1.,  30,905  in  the 
central  lending  1.,  and  22,874  in  the  branches. 
Issued,  ref.  1.  59,644;  central  lending  1.  154,680 
(net.  81.60  %);  total  issue,  incl.  five  branches,  10 
reading-rooms,  etc.,  411,157  (net.  58.77$).  To- 
tal attendance  2,109,062. 

"  During  the  year  more  than  3300  cards  of 
membership  in  the  central  lending  library  were 
issued.  In  the  aggregate  about  10,000  persons 
were  regularly  borrowing  books  from  the  libra- 
ries for  home  reading." 

Five  catalogs,  general  and  special,  were  issued 
during  the  year;  two  new  book  delivery  stations 
were  opened,  and  two  children's  sections  were 
established  in  existing  branches.  From  the 
children's  section  of  the  central  lending  library 
alone  21,506  v.  were  issued,  of  %vhich  75.69$ 
were  poetry  and  fiction.  During  the  winter 
season  17  "  lecturettes  "  on  books  and  authors 
were  given  at  the  branches  by  different  speak- 
ers. 

Paris,  Societe'  Bibliographique.  The  Societe 
Bibliographique,  through  the  Marquis  de  Beau- 
court,  president  of  the  committee  of  organiza- 
tion, and  E.  G.  Ledos,  general  secretary,  has 
issued  an  announcement  of  the  third  inter- 


national bibliographical  conference,  to  be  held 
under  its  auspices  at  Paris.  April  13-16,  1898. 
The  society  is  divided  into  four  sections,  the 
first  devoted  to  scientific  and  literary  progress  ; 
the  second  to  bibliography  proper  ;  the  third 
embracing  popular  publications  and  general  li- 
brary propaganda,  and  the  fourth  relating  to 
"societies  and  international  relations."  It  is  a 
Catholic  organization,  and  holds  closely  to  doc- 
trinal purposes,  but  extends  an  invitation  to  its 
conference  to  all  who,  "though  not  sharing  its 
convictions,  are  not  animated  by  a  hostile  spirit " ; 
it  also  admits,  upon  subjects  in  which  religious 
doctrines  are  not  concerned,  the  reports  of  non- 
Catholic  scholars.  The  conference,  like  its 
predecessors  of  1878  and  1888,  will  be  largely 
devoted  to  reports  upon  the  progress  in  the 
various  branches  of  bibliography,  science,  and 
literature  within  the  10  years  since  the  previous 
convention. 

Stratford  (Ontario,  Can.)  P.  L.  On  Nov.  23 
the  Stratford  town  hall,  in  which  the  library 
had  its  quarters,  was  entirely  destroyed  by  fire. 
The  loss  of  the  library  is  keenly  felt.  It  was 
moved  into  the  hall  only  last  June,  and  the 
reading-rooms  had  been  attractively  fitted  up 
and  were  largely  used.  It  contained  over 
5000  volumes,  valued  at  about  $4000  ;  the  in- 
surance was  $2000. 


<£nfts  anb  ikqucsts. 


Brooklyn  (N.  Y.)  L.  The  library  recently  re- 
received  from  Mrs.  Augustus  Harper  and 
her  son,  James  Harper,  a  complete  set  of 
the  London  Illustrated  News,  since  its  beginning 
in  1842,  in  104  volumes.  The  gift  was  made  in 
memory  of  Philip  Jacob  Arcularius  Harper. 

Cornell  Univ. ,  Ithaca.  The  library  of  the  State 
Veterinary  College  at  Cornell  received  a  gift  of 
$5000  on  Sept.  20,  from  ex-Governor  Roswell 
P.  Flower.  Mr.  Flower,  with  ex-Governor  A. 
B.  Cornell  and  J.  C.  Hendrix,  was  driving  past 
the  college  when  one  of  the  horses  balked  and 
could  not  be  induced  to  move.  It  was  suggested 
that  the  party  wait  in  the  college,  through  which 
they  were  conducted  by  Prof.  Law,  the  direc- 
tor. The  college  library  consisted  of  15  vol- 
umes, a  bill,  appropriating  $5000  for  its  es- 
tablishment having  failed  to  pass  the  legislature 
during  Mr.  Flower's  governorship.  This  was 
referred  to  by  Mr.  Cornell,  who  remarked  that 
it  would  be  fitting  for  Mr.  Flower  to  give  a  li- 
brary to  the  college,  inasmuch  as  his  legislature 
failed  to  do  so.  The  remark  was  meant  as  a 
joke,  but  Mr.  Flower  asked  Prof.  Law  how 
much  money  was  needed  for  the  purpose. 
Prof.  Law  said  $5000,  and  then  Mr.  Flower  as- 
tonished the  party  by  taking  out  his  check- 
book and  making  out  a  check  for  $5000,  which 
he  handed  to  Prof.  Law. 

Milwaukee  (  Wis.)  P.  L.  The  library  has  re- 
ceived from  H.  C.  Payne  eight  volumes  in 
which  are  bound  up  all  documents,  pamphlets, 
circulars  or  other  material  used  by  the  Republi- 
can National  Committee  in  the  last  presidential 
campaign  ;  all  languages  spoken  to  a  consider- 


766 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


able  extent  are  represented  in  the  collection, 
which  is  believed  to  be  the  most  compl<-u 
record  of  a  political  campaign  yi-t  made. 

North  Adams,  Mass.  On  Nov.  I  Mayor  Al- 
bert C.  Houghton  gave  the  city  f  10.000  to  be 
used  in  equipping  and  remodelling  the  Hough- 
ton  Memorial  Library,  which  is  to  be  established 
in  the  handsome  Sanford  Blackinton  residence, 
given  by  him  for  a  library  building  a  year  ago, 
in  memory  of  his  brother,  Andrew  J.  Houghton. 

Pennsylvania  Historical  Society  L.  The  fine 
collection  of  Washingtoniana,  owned  by  the 
late  William  Spohn  Baker,  has  been  left  by  his 
will  to  the  library  of  the  society. 

White  River  Junction,  Vt.  By  the  will  of 
Charles  T.  Wilder,  late  president  of  the  Olcott 
Falls  Co.  of  White  River  Junction,  the  sum  of 
$30,000  is  left  to  the  town  for  a  free  public  li- 
brary, the  site  of  which  is  specified. 

IVinsted,  Q.  The  will  of  the  late  Jeremiah 
Whiting,  after  providing  liberally  for  his  widow, 
bequeathes  the  residue  of  his  estate  and  a  piece 
of  valuable  property  to  four  persons,  in  trust, 
to  be  used  for  the  erection  and  site  of  a  me- 
morial library  building.  His  wife  is  named  as 
executrix. 


Practical  Notes. 


PRESERVING  BINDINGS.  —  Arthur  L.  Hum- 
phreys, in  his  manual  on  "  The  private  library," 
quotes  as  follows  a  librarian  of  Bath,  Eng- 
land, on  the  subject  of  preserving  bindings  : 
"  When  the  books  are  well  dusted  I  take  about 
half  an  ounce  of  the  best  horn  glue,  and,  hav- 
ing dissolved  it  in  the  usual  way,  I  add  to  it 
about  a  pint  of  warm  water  and  a  teaspoonful 
of  glycerine,  and  stir  it  well.  Then  dipping  a 
soft  sponge  into  the  solution,  I  wash  over  the 
backs  of  the  books.  If  the  leather  is  much 
perished  or  decayed,  it  will  unduly  absorb  the 
size,  and  a  second  touch  over  may  be  necessary. 
The  glycerine  will  have  the  effect  of  preventing 
the  glue  from  drying  too  hard  or  stiffening  the 
leather.  When  dry,  the  books  may  be  rubbed 
over  with  a  chamois  leather.  The  above 
process,  I  find,  helps  to  nourish  the  leather, 
and  to  restore  that  property  which  the  heated 
air  has  destroyed.  It  also  freshens  up  and 
greatly  improves  the  appearance  of  the  vol- 
umes upon  the  shelves.  The  operation  must 
be  repeated  once  a  year  at  least." 

Cibrariano. 

BLAKE,  Miss  Irma  L,  a  library  pupil  of  Miss 
Theresa  Hitchler,  is  now  chief  cataloger  at  the 
New  York  Society  Library. 

BROWN,  James  E.,  of  Coweta,  Ga.,  was  on 
Nov.  4  appointed  state  librarian  of  Georgia,  by 
Governor  Atkinson,  succeeding  Capt.  John 
Milledge,  who  has  held  that  office  for  about 
eight  years  past.  The  appointment  ends  the 
varied  and  hotly  urged  political  fight  for  the 


headship  of  the  Georgia  State  Library,  which 
has  been  waged  for  over  six  months  past.  Mr. 
Hroun  is  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Newman 
(Ga.)  Ht-rahl  nut/  At/vcrtiser,  and  has  for  some 
years  been  active  in  state  politics.  He  was 
Democratic  postmaster  at  Newman  under  the 
last  administration.  No  immediate  changes  in 
the  library  staff  have  been  made,  and  Capt. 
Milledge's  connection  with  the  library  will  con- 
tinue until  Jan.  I. 

BULLOCK,  Edna  Dean,  a  graduate  of  the  N. 
Y.  State  Library  School,  class  of  "94,  has  re- 
signed her  position  at  the  John  Crerar  Library 
to  accept  the  position  of  cataloger  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Nebraska. 

CLEVELAND,  Miss  Josephine  P.,  for  many 
years  librarian  of  the  Illinois  State  Historical 
Society  of  Springfield,  died  at  her  home  in  that 
city,  on  Nov.  9.  Miss  Cleveland  joined  the  A. 
L.  A.  in  1893. 

COLE,  George  Watson,  formerly  librarian  of 
the  Jersey  City  (N.  J.)  Public  Library,  has  re- 
turned from  nearly  a  year's  sojourn  abroad,  and 
is  now  in  New  York  City. 

CORWIN,  Miss  Euphemia  K.,  has  resigned 
her  position  as  cataloger  in  the  Utica  (N.  Y.) 
Public  Library  to  become  assistant  librarian  at 
the  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York 
City. 

DANA,  John  Cotton,  librarian  of  the  Denver 
(Colo.)  Public  Library,  was  on  Nov.  17  elected 
librarian  of  the  Springfield  (Mass.)  City  Library, 
succeeding  the  late  Dr.  William  Rice.  Mr. 
Dana's  work  in  the  library  field  began  in  1889, 
when  he  assumed  charge  of  the  Denver  library, 
then  a  collection  of  some  2000  books,  managed 
by  the  high  school  authorities.  In  the  eight  years 
of  his  direction  the  library  has  grown  to  over 
30,000  volumes,  and  has  become  one  of  the  rep- 
resentative libraries  of  the  country,  being  among 
the  first  to  develop  the  principles  of  free  access, 
of  art  educational  work,  of  direct  work  with  the 
children,  and  of  better  training  for  library 
workers,  and  branching  out  constantly  into  new 
fields  of  successful  endeavor.  During  his  con- 
nection with  the  Denver  library  Mr.  Dana  has 
been  active  in  advancing  the  library  interests  of 
the  state,  notably  in  the  organization  of  the 
state  library  association  and  in  the  efforts  to 
improve  the  state  library  and  obtain  needed 
library  legislation.  At  the  Denver  conference 
in  1895  he  was  elected  president  of  the  American 
Library  Association,  and  his  president's  ad- 
dress at  the  Cleveland  conference  will  be  long 
remembered  as  probably  the  most  searching 
and  powerful  presentment  of  library  ideals  that 
has  been  given  to  librarians.  Mr.  Dana  is 
recognized  throughout  the  library  profession  as 
an  executive  of  great  organizing  ability  and 
brilliant  powers;  his  utterances  on  library  sub- 
jects and  the  practical  object-lessons  given 
through  the  Denver  Public  Library  have  been  of 
direct  help  and  inspiration  to  libraries  through- 
out the  country,  and  his  appointment  to  Spring- 
field, which  should  open  a  wide  and  pleasant 
field,  is  a  matter  of  satisfaction  to  his  friends 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


767 


and  of  congratulation  to  the  library  where  Dr. 
Rice's  name  was  so  long  honored.  He  will 
probably  assume  charge  of  the  Springfield  li- 
brary on  or  about  Jan.  i. 

DIGGS,  Mrs.  Anna  L.,  was  on  Nov.  13  ap- 
pointed state  librarian  of  Kansas  by  Chief  Jus- 
tice Doster  and  Associate  Justice  Allen,  consti- 
tuting a  majority  of  the  state  supreme  court, 
the  appointment  having  been  opposed  by  the 
governor.  Mrs.  Diggs  is  a  Populist  politician 
and  orator  who  has  been  associated  with  Mrs. 
Lease  in  Kansas  politics,  and  has  spoken  in 
every  state  campaign  since  1890.  She  succeeds 
J.  L.  King,  who  has  held  office  since  1894. 

FITZGERALD,  David,  for  18  years  librarian  of 
the  U.  S.  War  Department,  died  at  his  residence 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  on  Sunday,  Oct.  31.  Mr. 
Fitzgerald  was  born  in  London,  June  8,  1844, 
and  came  to  the  United  States  while  quite 
young,  living  for  some  time  in  Iowa.  He  was 
appointed  librarian  of  the  War  Department  in 
1879,  his  broad  culture  and  deep  interest  in 
military  subjects  making  him  especially  fitted 
for  the  post,  in  which  he  made  many  friends. 

FRICK,  Miss  Eleanor,  a  graduate  of  the  Pratt 
Institute  Library  School,  class  of  '95,  has  been 
appointed  librarian  of  the  American  Society  of 
Civil  Engineers,  New  York  City. 

HACKETT,  Miss  Irene  A.,  a  graduate  of  the 
Pratt  Institute  Library  School,  class  of  '97,  has 
been  appointed  librarian  of  the  Brooklyn  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  Library,  succeeding  Mr.  S.  H.  Berry. 

HAYWARD,  Miss  Celia,  formerly  assistant 
in  the  San  Francisco  Public  Library,  is  now 
librarian  of  the  Galesburg  (111.)  Public  Library. 

KELSO,  Miss  Tessa  L.,  formerly  librarian  of 
the  Los  Angeles  (Cal.)  Public  Library,  has 
severed  her  connection  with  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons,  and  is  now  associated  with  The  Baker  & 
Taylor  Co.,  New  York. 

LONGSTREET,  Mrs.  James,  who,  as  Miss  Ellen 
Dortch,  was  one  of  the  active  candidates  for 
the  post  of  state  librarian  of  Georgia,  resigned 
her  position  of  assistant  librarian  of  the  Georgia 
State  Library  on  Oct.  31.  She  was  succeeded  by 
Miss  Susan  Jewett,  of  Columbus,  who  will 
probably  serve  only  for  the  remainder  of  Mrs. 
Longstreet's  term,  the  appointment  of  assistant 
being  now  vested  in  the  newly  appointed  state 
librarian. 

PLATOU,  Miss  Valborg.  The  name  of  the  li- 
brarian at  Bergen,  Norway,  is  Miss  Valborg 
Platou,  not  Miss  Valbag  Platon,  as  given, 
through  a  misreading  of  her  signature,  in  the 
November  L.  j.  A  correspondent,  in  this  con- 
nection, corrects  our  reference  to  another  Scan- 
dinavian town.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  town 
is  known  to  its  inhabitants  as  Goteborg,  and  to 
foreigners  as  Gothenburg,  as  Wien  is  known  as 
Vienne  and  Vienna  to  Frenchmen  and  Eng- 
lishmen. 

RICE,  Helen  Ward,  a  graduate  of  the  N.  Y. 
State  Library  School,  class  of  '93,  died  at  her 
home,  Worcester,  Mass.,  November  28. 


RICE,  William,  D.D.  An  impressive  me- 
morial service  in  honor  of  the  late  Dr.  Rice, 
librarian  of  the  Springfield  (Mass.)  City  Library, 
was  held  in  Springfield  on  the  evening  of  Tues- 
day, Nov.  16,  in  the  lecture-room  of  the  beauti- 
ful art  museum,  by  the  City  Library  Associa- 
tion. The  service  was  largely  attended  ;  in  the 
audience  were  W:  I.  Fletcher,  of  Amherst  Col- 
lege Library  ;  Joseph  LeRoy  Harrison,  libra- 
rian of  the  Providence  Athenaeum  ;  Rev.  S.  G. 
Buckingham,  Rev.  William  Rice  Newhall,  of 
Wilbraham,  and  others.  The  principal  address 
was  by  George  S.  Merriam,  and  other  speakers 
were  J.  A.  Rumrill,  president  of  the  Library 
Association,  Dr.  I.  M.  Balliet,  and  Rev.  G.  C. 
Baldwin,  Jr. 

SCHWARTZ,  Jacob,  librarian  of  the  General 
Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  of  New 
York  City,  contributed  to  the  N.  Y.  Sun  on 
Nov.  17  an  effective  analysis  of  the  alleged 
"report"  of  Pontius  Pilate  on  the  Crucifixion, 
exploited  by  one  of  the  New  York  journals  as 
being  an  authentic  record  recently  discovered 
in  the  Vatican  archives.  Mr.  Schwartz's  keen 
statement  of  the  internal  evidence  of  the  docu- 
ment itself,  as  proof  against  its  authenticity,  is 
interesting,  his  conclusion  being  that  "this  '  re- 
port '  is  only  another  example  of  the  many 
pious  frauds  with  which  the  Christian  world 
was  deluged  during  the  first  300  years  of  its  ex- 
istence." 

SPKRRY,  Miss  Helen,  librarian  of  the  Carnegie 
Free  Library,  of  Braddock,  Pa.,  has  resigned 
her  position  to  become  librarian  of  the  new 
Carnegie  Free  Library  at  Homestead,  Pa.  Miss 
Sperry,  who  is  a  graduate  of  the  N.  Y.  State 
Library  School,  went  to  the  Braddock  Library 
in  November,  1895,  as  assistant  librarian,  and 
on  the  appointment  of  Mr.  E.  H.  Anderson 
to  the  Pittsburgh  Carnegie  Library  succeeded 
him  as  librarian.  Miss  Elizabeth  Wales,  assist- 
ant librarian  at  Braddock,  will  succeed  Miss 
Sperry.  It  is  unlikely  that  the  Homestead  Li- 
brary will  be  in  readiness  for  opening  until 
spring  ;  the  building  has  just  been  completed, 
and  the  ordering  and  cataloging  of  the  books  is 
yet  to  be  done. 

SPOFFORD,  Ainsworth  R.  The  deficiency  of 
about  $20,000  in  the  accounts  of  Mr.  Spofford, 
as  Librarian  of  Congress,  revealed  by  the 
Treasury  investigation  of  1895,  and  made  good 
at  that  time  by  Mr.  Spofford  from  his  private 
funds,  has  been  recently  explained,  and  has. 
made  clear  Mr.  Spofford's  entire  freedom  from 
wrong-doing.  In  investigating  the  old  records 
and  clearing  away  accumulated  material  conse- 
quent upon  the  removal  of  the  Congressional 
Library  to  the  new  building,  uncashed  money- 
orders,  cheeks,  and  currency  were  discovered 
in  drawers  and  pigeon-holes  in  old  desks  in  the 
librarian's  office,  where  they  had  been  absent* 
mindedly  tucked  away  and  forgotten.  Some  of 
the  orders  bore  dates  back  as  far  as  1870,  and 
were  for  sums  ranging  from  f  I  to  $20  or  $30; 
the  sum  total  of  the  money  thus  discovered, 
though  not  definitely  stated,  is  said  to  amount 
nearly  to  the  deficiency  in  Mr.  Spofford's  ac- 


768 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


{December,  '97 


counts.  Many  of  the  orders  had  expired  by 
limitation,  but  it  is  said  that  full  payment  for 
them  will  be  made  by  the  post-office,  and  the 
money  turned  over  to  Mr.  Spofford  up  to  the 
amount  paid  out  by  him  in  rectification  of  his 
accounts. 

NOTABLE  LIBRARIANS.  The  Pratt  Institute 
Monthly  for  January  will  be  the  second  special 
"library  number,"  and  will  contain  portraits 
and  biographical  sketches  of  the  librarians  of 
the  world's  great  libraries  —  Dr.  Garnett,  M. 
Delisle,  Dr.  Reyer,  Signora  Ricci,  Dr.  Billings, 
are  among  those  who  will  be  represented. 

Cataloging  and  (Classification. 

BOLTON,  C.  K.,  contributes  to  the  Essex  Anti- 
quarian for  November,  1897,  an  interesting 
paper  on  "Colonial  handwriting,"  which  is  of 
interest  to  catalogers  of  manuscripts,  in  its 
clear  statement  of  rules  by  which  the  perplex- 
ing chirography  of  colonial  times  may  be  de- 
ciphered. 

BOSTON  P.  L.     Catalogue  of  the  English  prose 
fiction  added  since  1893:  supplement  to  the 
8th  edition.     Boston,  1897.     48  p.  O. 
This,  together  with  the  English  prose  fiction 
list  of   1893,  represents  all  the  fiction  of  this 
class  contained  in  the  library  for  ordinary  cir- 
culation.    Contents   are   given  for  volumes  of 
short  stories,  and  there  are  a  few  descriptive 
notes  for  historical  fiction. 

The  BUFFALO  (N.  Y.)  P.  L.  has  issued  several 
excellent  short  special  reading  lists.  "Ameri- 
can history  for  young  folks  "  is  a  classed  list, 
each  special  period  being  supplemented  by  a 
list  of  stories  relating  to  it,  while  the  final 
division  includes  "  History  in  verse."  This  is 
compiled  by  Mrs.  H.  L.  Elmendorf,  as  is  the 
capital  little  list  of  "  One  hundred  short 
stories,"  in  which,  however,  Howells"  farce, 
"The  mouse-trap,"  seems  rather  misplaced. 
"  Good  books  on  electricity  for  popular  use  "  is 
an  annotated  list  compiled  by  Claude  G.  Le- 
land,  embracing  14  titles.  The  comments  are 
excellent,  and  the  price  and  publisher  of  each 
book  are  given  —  a  useful  hint  to  the  student 
•who  is  collecting  a  library  of  his  own. 

The  FlTCHBURG  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
November  has  reference  lists  on  William 
Morris  and  "  Alaska  and  the  Klondike." 

The  IOWA  MASONIC  L.  of  Cedar  Rapids  has 
issued  no.  2  of  its  Occasional  Bulletin,  for  De- 
cember, 1897.  No.  I  appeared  in  April  of  last 
year.  It  is  planned  during  1898  to  issue  the 
Bulletin  quarterly  in  enlarged  form. 

The  LOWELL  (Mass.)  CITY  L.  Bulletin  for 
November  is  devoted  wholly  to  reference  list 
no.  9,  on  "American  authors:  Bryant,  Emer- 
son, Hawthorne,  Holmes,  Irving,  Longfellow, 
Lowell,  Poe,  Thoreau,  Whittier." 

The  NEW  BEDFORD  (Mass.)  F.  P.  L.  Bulletin 
for  October  publishes  a  map  of  the  neighbor- 


hood of  Smith  Mills  and  a  sketch  of  the  early 
history  of  the  mills  from  the  Elisha  Leon- 
ard papers  now  in  the  library.  In  the  same 
issue  appears  reference  list  no.  25  on  "  Hawaii 
and  the  question  of  annexation  to  the  United 
States." 

The  N.  Y.  PUBLIC  LIHRARY  Bulletin  for  No- 
vember  contains  part  3  of  the  list  of  American 
genealogies,  from  M-R,  and  prints  a  record  of 
"The  portraits,  letters,  and  mss.  relating  to 
the  presidents  of  Congress,  and  of  the  United 
States,"  from  the  Emmet  collection. 

The  OSTERHOUT  (  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.)  L.  News- 
letter for  November  contains  no.  9  of  the  Eng- 
lish history  lists,  dealing  with  James  n.,  1685- 
88.  To  this  and  the  preceding  numbers  of  the 
Newsletter  Miss  James  is  contributing  a  series 
of  delightful  papers  describing,  with  vivacity 
and  graphic  charm,  features  of  the  international 
conference  and  the  post-conference  travels. 

The  RAWLINSON  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library 
are  listed  in  the  Nation,  nos.  1689  and  1690 
(Nov.  ii  and  18).  The  first  instalment  is 
prefaced  by  a  short  description  of  these  and 
some  other  of  the  mss.  treasures  of  the  Bodleian. 
The  list,  while  it  does  not  pretend  to  include 
every  document  in  the  Rawlinson  collection, 
"supplies  particulars  of  most  of  those  that  re- 
late to  the  colonial  period  of  American  history." 

ST.    BRIDE    FOUNDATION    INSTITUTE,    London. 

Catalogue  of  the  Passmore  Edwards  Library  ; 

comp.    by  John  Southward,  assisted  by  the 

librarian.     London,  1897.     16+80  p.  por.  O. 

The  institute  possesses  two  libraries,  both  of 
which  are  of  special  value  to  those  interested 
in  the  printing  arts.  These  are  the  Will- 
iam Blades  Library,  which  is  wholly  devoted  to 
the  subject  of  typography,  and  the  Passmore 
Edwards  Library,  which,  although  partly  given 
up  to  works  on  the  history  of  printing,  is  more 
especially  devoted  to  the  modern  developments 
of  the  art  and  is  intended  especially  for  the 
art  students  of  the  institute's  technical  classes. 
This  catalog  is  in  dictionary  form,  giving  short 
title,  place  and  date  of  publication  and  size. 
There  are  frequent  excellent  annotations,  and 
the  titles  of  foreign  books  are  either  translated 
or  their  contents  are  stated  ;  "  this  will  render 
many  of  them  available  to  a  number  of  persons 
who,  while  not  able  to  read  the  language  in 
which  they  are  written,  will  find  the  designs, 
reproductions,  tables,  etc.,  which  they  contain, 
perfectly  intelligible."  A  portrait  of  Mr.  Pass- 
more  Edwards  appears  as  frontispiece. 

SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Class  list  no.  4:  literature, 
language,  general  works.  Salem,  Mass., 
Sept.,  1897,  2  +  72  p.  O. 

The  SALEM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for  Novem- 
ber devotes  its  special  reading  lists  to  Goethe 
and  Thankgiving  day. 

The  SAN  FRANCISCO  (Cal.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  con- 
tinues in  the  October  number  Mr.  Teggart's  list 
of  "  References  on  the  development  of  the 
English  novel." 


.December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


769 


The  SOMERVILLE  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
December  lists  all  the  fiction  added  in  1897  and 
has  a  reading  list  on  electricity. 

The  SPRINGFIELD  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
November  continues  the  reading  list  on  "  Alaska 
and  the  Yukon  gold-fields "  from  the  October 
issue. 

TRANSLITERATION  OF  RUSSIAN  NAMES.  Jerome 
Barker  Land  field  contributed  to  the  American 
Historical  Review  for  July  an  article  on  the 
transliteration  of  Russian  names,  which  should 
be  of  direct  usefulness  to  catalogers.  It  is  a 
simple  and  practical  "  canon  of  transliteration," 
using  English  letters  or  combinations  of  letters 
for  the  French  or  German  forms  that  render  a 
single  Russian  name  in  protean  transforma- 
tions; and  the  directions  given  are  clear  and 
easily  remembered. 

The  WALTHAM  (Mass.)  P.  L.  Bulletin  for 
November  continues  the  special  list  on  "  An- 
cient Greece  "  from  the  preceding  number. 

FULL  NAMES. 

Supplitd  by  A.  G.  S.  fosefihson,  John   Crerar  Library, 
Chicago. 

Aber,  Mary  Rose  Ailing-.  (An  experiment  in 
education)  ; 

Baldwin,  W:  James  St.  John.  (Baldwin  on 
heating.)  [Given  as  W:  James,  by  Harvard 
L.,  L.  j.,  15  :i57]  ; 

Bayne,  S:  Gamble.     (The  pith  of  astronomy)  ; 

Benton,  Emily  Elizabeth.  (The  happy  method 
in  numbers  for  little  people)  ; 

Blow,  Susan   Elizabeth.     (Symbolic  education) ; 

Charles,  Fred  Lemar.     (How  to  read  a  pebble) ; 

Cross,  Anson  Kent.    (Light  and  shade) ; 

Dean,  Mary  Ida.     (The  geography  class) ; 

Ellison,  Lewis  Martin.  (Practical  application  of 
the  indicator  with  reference  to  the  adjustment 
of  valve  gear  on  all  styles  of  engines)  ; 

Fernald,  James  Champlin.  (English  synonyms 
and  antonyms)  ; 

Galloway,  D:  H:  (A  method  of  preserving  un- 
bound literature)  ; 

Johnson,  J:  Butler.  (The  materials  of  con- 
struction) ; 

Keeler,  Harriet  Louise.  (The  wild  flowers  of 
early  spring)  ; 

Kelley,  James  Douglas  Jerrold.  (The  ship's 
company)  ; 

Kellogg,  Amos  M.     (How  to  teach  botany)  ; 
(Has  no  middle  name  but  the  letter.) 

Mason,  Rufus  Osgood.  (Telepathy  and  the 
subliminal  self) ; 

Mason,  W:  Pitt.     (Water  supply) ; 

Monachesi,  Mrs.  Nicola  di  Rienzi.  (A  manual 
for  china  painters)  ; 

Montgomery,  James  L:  (Modern  bookkeeping, 
single  and  double  entry) ; 

Noble,  Frank  H:     (Taxation  in  Iowa)  ; 

Noyes,  Arthur  Anderson.  (A  detailed  course 
of  qualitative  chemical  analysis  of  inorganic 
substances) ; 

Rupp,  G:  Peabody,  editor.  (Statue  of  Stephen 
Girard) ; 

Wilsorv,  Herbert  Michael.  (Manual  of  irriga- 
tion engineering). 


iJibliografrj. 


BRITISH  MUNICIPAL  HISTORY.  Gross,  Charles. 
Bibliography  of  British  municipal  history,  in- 
cluding gilds  and  parliamentary  representa- 
tion. N.  Y.,  Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1897. 
34  +  461  p.  O.  $2.50. 

CAMPANIA,  Italy.  Furchheim,  Federigo.  Bi- 
bliografia  della  Campania,  v.  i  :  Bibliografia 
del  Vesuvio,  compilata  e  corredata  di  note 
critiche  estratte  dai  piu  autorevoli  scrittori 
Vesuviani  ;  con  un  copioso  indice  metodico. 
Naples,  F.  Furchheim,  1897.  12  +  297  p. 
1.  8°. 

CITY  GOVERNMENT^  Wilcox,  Delos  F.  The 
study  of  city  government :  an  outline  of  the 
problems  of  municipal  functions,  control  and 
organization.  New  York,  Macmillan  Co., 
1897.  14  +  268  p.  12°.  $1.50. 
Contains  a  4-page  list  of  authorities. 

F^NELON  (Archbishop  of  Cambray.)  Ramsay, 
Andrew  Michael.  History  of  the  life  of  Fene- 
lon;  tr.  from  the  French  edition  of  1723,  by 
David  Cuthbertson.  Paisley,  J.  and  R.  Par- 
lane,  1897.  276  p.  16°. 
Contains  a  3-page  bibliography. 

GREGORIAN  MELODIES.     Corney,  Wilfrid.     The 
Gregorian  melodies  in  the  manuscripts  and 
the  editions.     [/«    The  Dublin   Review,  Oct., 
1897.     121:332-354.] 
An  interesting  account  of  the  liturgical  music, 

often  known  as  "  Gregorian  chant." 

LAW.  Bibliographic  generate  et  complete  des 
livres  de  droit  et  de  jurisprudence  publics 
jusqu'  au  23  octobre  1896,  classee  dans  1'ordre 
des  codes,  avec  table  alphabetique  des  mati- 
eres  et  des  noms  des  auteurs.  Paris,  Marchal 
et  Billard,  1897.  30+152  p.  8°.  1.25  fr. 
METEORITES.  WUlfing,  E.  A.  Die  meteoriten 
in  sammlungen  und  ihre  literatur,  nebst 
einem  versuch  den  tauschwert  der  meteo- 
riten zubestimmen.  Tubingen,  Laupp,  1897. 
46+460  p. 

"  The  author  has  sought  information  relative 
to  the  meteorite  collections,  public  and  private, 
from  those  in  charge  of  them,  and  has  collated 
and  indexed  the  results  in  the  form  of  an  alpha- 
betical list,  giving  for  each  preserved  meteorite 
a  statement  of  the  date  of  fall  or  find,  a  list  of 
the  more  important  memoirs  relating  thereto, 
and  the  weights  preserved  in  the  various  collec- 
tions."—  Nature,  N.  18. 

NAVAHO  LEGENDS.  In  "  Navaho  legends, 
collected  and-  translated,"  by  Washington  Mat- 
thews (American  Folk  Lore  Society,  1897), 
Mr.  Frederick  Webb  Hodge  contributes  a  bib- 
liography of  about  46  titles  (p.  276-278). 


770 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


[December,  '97 


SIMMS,  W:  Gilmore.  The  "  Publications"  of 
the  Southern  History  Association  for  October 
contains  a  27-p.  bibliography  of  the  writings  of 
W:  G.  Simms,  by  A.  S.  Salley,  Jr.  "  This  list," 
says  the  ATation,  "  gives  but  few  and  unimpor- 
tant titles  in  addition  to  those  included  in  the 
similar  work  by  Prof.  W.  P.  Treat,  and  its 
typography  makes  it  less  convenient  for  consul- 
tation." 

SOSSMILCH,  Johann  Peter.  Willcox,  W.  F.,  and 
Crum,  F.  S.  A  trial  bibliography  of  the  writ- 
ings of  Johann  Peter  Sllssmilch,  1707-1767. 
(In  Quarterly  Publications  of  the  American  Sta- 
tistical Association,  Sept.,  1897.  5  :3io.) 

WHITE,  W.  Hale.  A  description  of  the  Words- 
worth and  Coleridge  manuscripts  in  the  pos- 
session of  Mr.  T.  Norton  Longman.  N.  Y., 
Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1897.  5  +  72  p.  8°. 
$3-50. 
"  An  important  contribution  to  the  biography 

and  bibliography  of  the  two  poets,"   says  the 

Critic.     Numerous   facsimiles    of    manuscripts 

are  given. 

X-RAYS.     Phillips,   C:    E.  S.      Bibliography  of 
X-ray  literature   and  research  (1896-1897): 
being  a  ready  reference  index  to  the  litera- 
ture  on   the  subject  of  Rontgen   or  X-rays; 
with  an  historical  retrospect,  and  a  chapter 
of  practical  hints.     Lond.,   Electrician  Print- 
ing and  Pub.  Co.,  Ltd.,  1897.     37+68  p. 
"  Gives,  in  a  handy  and  succinct  form,  a  good 
deal  of  information  respecting  the  literature  of 
X-ray,    The  main  and  most  valuable  portion  of 
the  book  is  the  bibliography,  and  this  should 
certainly  prove  of  utility  to  investigators  in  this 
branch  of  science.     The  volume,  so  far  as  we 
have  been  able  to  test  it,  appears  to  have  been 
compiled  with  great  care,  and  certainly  a  mass 
of  useful  knowledge  is  here  gathered  together 
in  a  form  easy  of  reference.  —  Nature,  N.  18. 

Literature,  the  new  weekly  literary  review, 
issued  by  the  London  Times,  for  which  Harper 
&  Brothers  are  American  agents,  plans  to  publish 
frequent  bibliographies  of  timely  topics.  The 
first  issue,  for  Oct.  23  (cover  date  Nov.  5),  con- 
tains a  column  bibliography  of  the  most  trust- 
worthy works  referring  to  "the  battle  of  Tra- 
falgar "  ;  there  are  32  entries.  The  second 
number  has  a  similar  list  (31  titles)  on  "The 
northwest  frontier  of  India,"  and  in  no.  3  the 
bibliography  relates  to  "  Nigeria." 

INDEXES. 

FLETCHER,  W:  I.,  and  Poole,  Franklin  O.,  eds. 
Poole's  index  to  periodical  literature  :  third 
supplement,  from  Jan.  i,  1892,  to  Dec.  31, 
1896  ;  with  the  co-operation  of  the  American 
Library  Association.  Host.,  Houghton,  Mif- 
flin  &Co.,  1897.  15+638  p.  por.  O.  $10. 
There  is  little  to  add  to  the  advance  notice  of 


this  volume,  as  given  in  the  L.  j.  for  November 
(p.  724),  but  correction  should  be  made  of  an 
error  in  the  computation  of  sets  indexed,  as 
previously  stated.  This  supplement  covers  187 
sets,  of  which  60  have  not  been  previously  in- 
dexed, and  of  these  60  there  are  42  that  have  ex- 
isted only  since  1891.  "This  increase  is  only 
partially  offset  by  the  dropping  out  of  23  sets 
which  were  represented  in  the  list  of  five  years 
ago,  the  net  gain  being  37.  The  number  of  vol- 
umes covered  by  the  supplement  is  1388  as 
against  1068  in  the  previous  ones."  Mr.  Fletch- 
er's preface  is  an  interesting  summary  of  the 
development  of  periodicals  in  recent  years  and 
his  memorial  sketch  of  Dr.  Poole,  which  is  the 
fitting  opening  to  the  volume,  is  a  sincere  and 
earnest  tribute.  The  frontispiece  portrait  of 
Dr.  Poole  is  an  especially  fine  engraving.  The 
volume  will  be  generally  welcomed,  and  the 
debt  that  the  library  profession  owes  to  Mr. 
Fletcher  is  materially  increased  by  its  issue 
within  the  year. 

UNITED  STATES.     54th  Congress,    2d  session, 
Dec.   7,  1896 -March  3,  1897.     Index  to  the 
subjects  of  the  documents  and  reports,  and 
to  the  committees,  senators,  and  representa- 
tives  presenting   them  ;    with   tables    of  the 
same  in  numerical  order  [being  the  "consoli- 
dated index  "  provided  for  by  the  act  of  Jan. 
12,   1895]  ;  compiled    under   the   direction  of 
the  Superintendent   of    Documents.     Wash., 
Gov.  Print.  Office,  1897.     132  p.  O. 
The  first  issue  of  this  index,  for  the    ist  ses- 
sion of  the  54ih  congress,  appeared  in  March 
of  this  year  and  was  reviewed   in  the  L.  j.  for 
May  (p.  270).    The  present  number  follows  the 
same  general  plan  as  its  predecessor,  the  only 
change  being  the  addition  of  a  numerical  list  of 
thedocuments[and  reports, 'which  makes  it  possi- 
ble to  locate  each  by  its  number  as  well  as  by 
author,  title,  and   subject.     The  main   features 
and  great  usefulness  of  this  index  are  familiar 
to  readers  of  the  JOURNAL,  and  do  not  now  need 
commendation,  but  a  word  of  special  congratu- 
lation must  be  given  in  the  promptness  of  its 
issue,  barely  eight  months  after  the  close  of  the 
period  it  covers. 


Hnonjims  onb 


SCOTT,  C:  T.  A  chapter  on  nom-de-plumes 
[sic],  [In  New  England  Magazine, 'Oct.,  1897. 
17:185.] 

Gives  a  brief  outline  of  the  history  of  pseu- 
donyms, with  sketches  of  some  of  the  best 
known.  Voltaire  used  160  pseudonyms,  and 
there  are  others  used  by  him  that  have  not  been 
identified.  The  French  are  more  given  to  the 
use  of  pseudonyms  than  any  other  people. 

SPECIAL    NOTICE. 

pOR  SALE.— Sessions  Laws  of  Maryland.  16  sessions 
•*•  from  1777  to  1783.  H.  B.  SCRIMGER,  205  Courtland 
St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


771 


The  highest  references  and  testimonials  can  be  supplied. 


THE  LIBRARY  AND  EXPORT  DEPARTMENT  OF 
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lishers price  (70  cents),  or  even  with  a  discount  off  that  price. 

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>o 

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elsewhere,  remains  a  clerk;  who  is  even  not  always 
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you  add  to  this  the  complete  absence  of  Stock  of  such 
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Archives  de  Physiologic 4  85 

Bulletin  de  la  Socidtd  chimique s  06 

Le  Figaro 13  So 

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Journal  des  De'bats '5  '4 

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THE  BAKER  &  TAYLOR  CO., 


WHOLESALE 
BOOKS, 

5   and   7   Hast   i6tli    Street,   New   York. 


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GAYLORD  BROS.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.   \ 


SPECIAL  CLUBBING 

RATE  TO  LIBRARIES  AND  READING  ROOMS 


Harper's  Magazine,   $3.05     Century,      ....  $3.55 
"         Weekly,   .     3.25     Frank  Leslie's  Mo.,     2.50 

No.  Am.  Review,     .     4.05     Arena, 2.05 

Atlantio,      ....     3.25     Forum, 2.55 

And  all  others  at  like  reduction. 
Cosmopolitan,    McClure'i,    and    Harper's    Round 
Table,  all  three  for $2  45 

Estimates  on  orders  large  or  small  carefully  made  and 
prices  guaranteed  below  the  lowest.  Fifteen  years'  ex- 
perience. Reference  given.  Let  us  figure  on  your  orders. 

ADDRESS 

AMERICAH  CLUB  LIST,  K?,.  Shamrock,  I.Y. 

C.  M.  GOODSPEED,  Manager. 


\  WISH  TO  REPEAT,  "that ' 

A  -^— ^— — — — —  have  tried  in 
vain  to  secure  a  missing  number  or  vol- 
ume of  a  magazine,  if  your  list  has  come 
back  repeatedly,  marked  '  O.  P.,'  '  can't 
find,'  etc  ,  etc.,  then  the  time  has  arrived 
when  my  services  may  avail." 


A,  S,  CLARK,  Bookseller  and  Newsdealer 

174  Fulton  Street,  iSew  York. 

AMERICAN  COLONIAL  TRACTS. 

ISSUED  MONTHLY.  AN  INDISPENSABLE 
AID  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  AMERICAN  HIS- 
TORY PRIOR  TO  THE  REVOLUTION.  PRICE 
TWENTY-FIVE  CENTS.  THREE  DOLLARS 
A  YEAR.  SEND  FOR  DESCRIPTIVE  CIR- 
CULAR. GEORGE  P.  HUMPHREY,  ROCH- 
ESTER, NEW  YORK. 

flonthly  Cumulative   Index 
to  Periodicals. 

Indexes  subjects,  authors,  titles,  book  reviews, 
and  portraits.     Specimen  copy  free. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 


December,  '97] 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


775 


APPLETONS'  LIBRARY  LISTS. 

YJJOR  more  than  fifty  years  Messrs.  D.  APPLETON  &  Co.  have  been  engaged  in  the  publica- 
3?)  tion  of  the  choicest  productions  from  the  pens  of  distinguished  authors  of  the  past  and 
present,  of  both  Europe  and  America,  and  their  catalogue  of  books  now  comprises 
several  thousand  volumes,  embracing  every  department  of  knowledge.  Classified  lists  of 
these  publications  have  been  prepared,  affording  facilities  for  a  judicious  selection  of  books 
covering  the  whole  range  of  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE,  and  ART,  for  individual  bookbuyers  or 
for  a  thorough  equipment  of  any  library. 
Lists  A,  B,  and  C  are  of  books  selected  especially  for  School  and  College  Libraries. 

The  other  lists  are  of  books  grouped  according  to  subjects,  and  include  the  above. 


LIST  D.— History. 

E.  — Biography. 

F.— Physical  Science. 

G.— Mental  and  Moral  Science. 

H.— Political  and  Social  Science. 

I.— Finance  and  Economics. 

K.— Hygiene  and  Sanitary  Science. 

L.  —  Philosophy  and  Metaphysics. 

M. — Technology  and  Industrial  Arts. 

N.— Anthropology,  Ethnology,  Archaeology, 

Palaeontology. 

O.— Language,  Literature,  and  Art. 
P.— Reference  Books. 


LIST  Q.— Poetry  and  Essay. 

R. — Travel  and  Adventure. 

S.— Pedagogy  and  Education. 

T.— Fiction. 

U. — Amusements  and  Recreations. 

V. — Evolution. 

W.— Religion. 

X.-Law. 

Y. — Medicine. 

Z. — Juvenile  Books. 
A  A. —Unclassified. 

BB.— School  and  College  Text-Books. 
CC.— Spanish  Publications. 


Single  lists  mailed  free. 


Complete  set,  ten  sections,  18  cents,  to  cover  postage. 
340  pages,  8ve,  30  cents.     Free  to  librarians. 


Bound  in  one  volume 


D.  APPLETON  &  CO.,  Publishers, 

243  Wabash  Avenue,  CHICAGO.  72  Fifth  Avenue,  NEW  YORK. 

LIBRARY   REBINDING   DEPARTMENT 

OF  THE 

BOSTON  BOOKBINDING  COHPANY, 

BOSTON,     MASS. 

t(§IE  beg  to  inform  Librarians  that  we  are  doing  rebinding  work  of  every 
****  description  for  public  libraries  throughout  the  United  States  and 
Canada.  Our  flexible  sewing  insures  strength,  and  perfect  opening  of  old 
volumes.  Our  prices  are  low,  and  we  shall  be  glad  to  correspond  with  Libra- 
rians regarding  their  wants. 

Q.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS, 


NEW  YORK: 
27  and  29  West  23d  Street. 


LONDON: 
24  Bedford  Street,  Strand. 


LIBRARY    AGENTS. 

MESSRS.  PUTNAfl  have  peculiar  facilities  for  handling  all  library  business  in- 
telligently and  to  the  best  advantage  of  their  customers. 

Their  Branch  House  in  London  (through  which  they  receive  English  orders  for 
American  books)  enables  them  to  supply,  promptly,  English  books,  without  the  com- 
mission usually  paid  by  American  dealers. 

Their  extensive  miscellaneous  and  retail  business  makes  it  practicable  to  buy  all 
books  at  the  lowest  prices,  to  carry  a  large  stock  of  standard  books  in  every  depart- 
ment of  literature,  and  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  current  publications  of  the  day. 
Their  business  experience  covers  more  than  half  a  century. 


776 


THE  LIBRARY  JOURNAL 


\Deccmber,  '97 


LONDON :  a  Star  Yard.  Carey  St.  W.  C.        LEIPZIG :  Hospital  Str.  10.        PARIS :  76  Rue  de  Rennes. 


GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT 

is  the  only  importer  in  America,  who  employs  no  Agents,  but  has  his  own  offices  at : 

LONDON :  .  2  Star  Yard,  Carey  St.  W.  C. 
PARIS:  .  .  .  .76  Rue  de  Rennes. 
LEIPZIG :  .  .  Hospital  Str.  10. 

where  experienced  clerks  and  assistants  attend  carefully  to  the  orders  from  New  York. 
That  such  orders  can  be  filled  better,  cheaper,  and  quicker  and  with  less  trouble 
and  work  to  the  Librarian  than  if  the  books  were  ordered  from  European  Agents, 
can  easily  be  seen  for  the  following  reasons  : 

I.     I  am  in  direct  communication  and  account  with  all  European  publishers  and  dealers. 

Therefore  I  need  not  pay  any  commission  to  Agents,  but  always  get  the  bottom  price  a^d 

often  an  extra  discount. 
The  Librarian  saves  the  correspondence  to  various  European  firms  and  has  to  keep  only 

one  account. 

As  shipments  are  received  Weekly:  "Mondays  from  England  and  France  and  Thursdays 
from  Germany,"  no  order,  large  or  small,  needs  to  wait  for  accumulation  of  material. 
If  books  from  England,  France,  and  Germany  are  ordered,  these  books  will  congregate  at 
New  York  from  where  they  will  be  sent  in  one  shipment,  thereby  saving  the  expense 
of  packing,  freight,  consular  fees,  Custom  House  charges,  cartage,  etc. 
Of  all  publications,  appearing  in  consecutive  volumes  or  parts,  a  list  is  kept  here  and 
abroad  and  continuations  are  sent  as  soon  as  published,  without  a  reminder  from  the 
Librarian. 

Being  provided  with  a  large  Bibliographical  material  of  all  European  countries  and  with 
a  collection  of  Catalogues  of  second-hand  books,  I  am  enabled  to  give  quotations  on 
nearly  all  European  and  American  publications,  new  or  old. 

VIII.  Special  attention  is  given  to  the  procuring  of  second-hand  books  and  Sets  of  Periodicals, 
of  which  I  keep  a  large  stock  on  hand,  constantly  refilling  by  buying  whole  Libraries 
and  by  attending  auction  sales. 

Binding  is  done  carefully  in  Europe  under  supervision  of  my  clerks,  and  pattern  is  kept 
of  the  binding  of  every  first  volume,  so  as  to  insure  a  uniformity  of  the  succeeding 
volumes. 
Periodicals  supplied  cheaper,  quicker,  and  in  better  shape  than  if  ordered  by  mail  from 

Europe. 
American  Publications  at  lowest  rates. 


II. 
III. 
IV. 

V. 


VI. 


VII. 


IX. 


X. 


XI. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  some  Sets  of  Periodicals  on  hand : 


The   English    Historical    Review.     Ed.    by 

Creighton.    Vols.  i-n.    London,  1886-96.    8vo,  newly 

bound,  half  mor. 
Geological  TCasrazine.    By  I.  Rupert  Jones,  H. 

Woodward,  John  Morris,  and  R.  Etheridge.    Vols.  1-28. 

London,  1864-91.    8vo,  26  vols.  in  half  mor.,  2  vols.  in 

parts. 
Geologische  Relchsanstalt.    Jahrbuch.    Bd.  i- 

44  und  2  Registerbdg.    Wien,  1850-94.    410. 

Jahrbuoli,  und  nenes  Jahrbuch  f.  Mlne- 
ralogle,  Geoenosle,  Geologic,  nnd  JPaUe- 
ontolpgte.  Hrsg.  v.  Leonhard,  Bronn,  und  Geinitz. 
Mit  Beilagen.  89  vols.,  8vo.  Heidelb.  und  Stuttg., 
1830-91.  83  vols.  bound  half  calf,  6  vols.  in  parts. 

Jabrbuecher  f.  Nationaloekonomle  und 
Statlstlk.  Hrsg.  v.  Hildebrand  Conrad,  etc.  Bd. 
1-62.  Supplem.  Hefte  1-21  und  2  Registern.  Entirely 
complete  set.  Jena,  1863-94.  8vo,  bound  in  boards. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Agriculture  Society. 
From  the  commencement  1840-85  and  3  Registers.  Lon- 


Jonrnal  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Indus- 
try. Vols.  1-15.  Manchester,  1882-96.  410,  cloth. 

Journal  of  the  Statistical  Society  of  Lon- 
don. Vols.  1-58  and  3  Indices.  London,  1838-95. 
8vo,  newly  bound,  hf.  mor. 

Lieblg  and  Kopp.  Jahresbericht  ub.  d.  Fortschrit- 
te  der  Chemie,  Physik,  und  Mineralogie  in  d.  Jahren 
1847-90,  und  3  Reg.  Vols.  1847-76.  Giessen  und  Braun- 
schweig, 1849-96.  8vo,  half  cloth.  4  vols.,  boards. 

microscopical  Society.  Monthly  Microscopical 
Journal  from  commencement  1869  to  1877,  18  vols.,  half 
calf;  continued  by  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Microscopi- 
cal Society  from  1878  to  1892,  15  vols..  half  calf.  With 
plates.  Together  33  vols.,  half  calf.  Fine  set. 

Proceedings  of  the  Kiitomological  Society 
of  Philadelphia.  Vols.  i  to  6,  1861-67.  8vo, 
neatly  bound,  half  mor.  Scarce. 

Proceedings  and  Transactions  of  the  Phi- 
lological Society.  Vols.  1-21.  London,  1842-72. 
8vo,  half  calf.  Nice  set,  scarce. 

Reports  of  the  British  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science.  From  the  commence- 
ment in  1831  to  1893.  London,  1835-95.  8vo. 


don,  1840-90.    8vo,  newly  bound,  half  calf. 

Parties  going  abroad  will  find  it  in  their  interest  to  make  their  headquarters  at 
my  offices  at  London,  Paris,  or  Leipzig  and  make  use  of  the  services  of  my  repre- 
sentatives. Books  may  thus  be  bought  in  any  part  of  Europe  and  charged  and  sent 
to  the  New  York  firm,  according  to  special  arrangement. 

GUSTAV  E.  STECHERT,  9  East  i6th  Street,  New  York. 

KAY  PRINTING  HOUSE,  66  AND  68  CENTRE  STRFET,  New  YORK. 


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